,,dels>te ,,sy/em ,,( ,,oratory #a4 ,! ,complete ,"w ( ,l',abbe ,delaumosne #b4 ,! ,complete ,"w ( ,mme4 ,angelique ,arnaud #c4 ,all ! ,lit]>y ,rema9s ( ,francois ,dels>te 7,giv5 9 8 own words7 #d4 ,! ,lecture & ,lessons ,giv5 by ,mme4 ,m>ie ,g]aldy 7,dels>te's ,daught]7 9 ,am]ica #e4 ,articles by ,alfr$ ,giraudet1 ,francis ,a4 ,durivage1 & ,hector ,b]lioz ,f\r? ,edition ,new ,york ,edg> ,s4 ,w]n] #ahic ,copyright ,by ,edg> ,s4 ,w]n] #ahhb1 #ahhd1 #ahhg1 #ahib ,cont5ts4 ,delaumosne ,on ,dels>te4 ,biographical ,sket* ,preface ,"p ,fir/4 ,voice4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,prelim9>y ,ideas--,crit]ion ( ! ,oratorical ,art4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,! ,voice4 ,organic ,app>atus ( ! ,voice--,! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,compass--,! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,v[els--,practical ,conclusions ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,int5sity ( ,s\nd4 ,:at is ,und]/ood by ,int5sity ( ,s\nd--,means ( ,augm5t+ ! ,timbre ( ! ,voice--,rules = ,int5sity ( ,s\nd ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,measure4 ,( ,sl[ness & ,rapidity 9 ,oratorical ,deliv]y--,( ,respiration & ,sil5ce--,inflections--,rules ( ,inflection--,special ,inflections ,"p ,second4 ,ge/ure4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,ge/ure 9 ,g5]al ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,def9ition & ,division ( ,ge/ure4 ,ge/ure is ! ,direct ,ag5t ( ! ,he>t--,ge/ure is ! ,int]pret] ( ,spee*--,ge/ure is an ,elliptical ,language ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,orig9 & ,oratorical ,value ( ,ge/ure ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,laws ( ,ge/ure4 ,! ,priority ( ,ge/ure to ,spee*--,retroaction--,opposition ( ,ag5ts--,numb] ( ,ge/ures--,duration ( ,ge/ure--,! ,rhy?m ( ,ge/ure--,importance ( ! ,laws ( ,ge/ure ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,ge/ure 9 ,p>ticul>4 ,! ,head--,movem5ts ( ! head3 ,! ,normal ,/ate1 ,! ,ecc5tric ,/ate1 ,! ,conc5tric ,/ate--,( ! ,eyes--,( ! ,eyebr[s ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,! ,torso4 ,! ,*e/--,! ,%\ld]s4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,! ,limbs4 ,! ,arms--,inflections ( ! ,=e>m--,( ! ,elb[--,( ! ,wri/--,( ! ,h&3 ,! ,digital ,face1 ,! ,back ,face1 ,! ,palm> ,face--,( ! ,f+]s--,( ! ,legs4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ! ,semeiotic1 or ! ,reason ( ,ge/ure4 ,! ,types :i* ,*>act]ize ,ge/ure--,( ,ge/ure ,relative to its ,modify+ ,app>atus ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,ge/ure 9 ,relation to ! ,figures ,:i* ,repres5t ,x4 ,"p ,?ird4 ,articulate ,language4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,orig9 & ,organic ,app>atus ( ,language4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,elem5ts ( ,articulate ,language4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,oratorical ,value ( ,spee*4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,value ( ,words 9 ,phrases4 ,! ,conjunction--,! ,int]jection 9 ,relation to its ,degree ( ,value--,a ,resume ( ! ,degrees ( ,value ,*apt] ,v4 ,fr5* & ,lat9 ,prosody ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,me?od4 ,dictation ,ex]cises ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,a ,s]ies ,( ,ge/ures ,= ,ex]cises4 ,prelim9>y ,reflections--,! ,s]ies ( ,ge/ures ,appli$ to ! ,s5tim5ts ,(t5e/ ,express$ by ! ,orator3 7#a7 ,int]pellation2 7#b7 ,?anks1 ,affectionate & ,c]emoni\s2 7#c7 ,attraction2 7#d7 ,surprise & ,assurance2 7#e7 ,devotion2 7#f7 ,int]rogative ,surprise2 7#g7 ,reit]at$ ,int]rogation2 7#h7 ,ang]2 7#i7 ,m5ace2 7#aj7 ,an ,ord] = ,leav+2 7#aa7 ,reit]ation2 7#ab7 ,fright--,important ,rem>ks ,app5dix ,epilogue ,arnaud ,on ,dels>te4 ,"p ,f\r?4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,bases ( ! ,sci5ce ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,me?od4 ,ellipsis--,%ades & ,inflections--,vocal ,music--,respiration--,position ( ! ,tone--,prep>ation ( ! ,initial ,consonant--,ex]cises-- ,appoggiatura--,r\lades & ,m>tellato--,pronunciation--,e mute be=e a ,consonant--,e mute be=e a ,v[el4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,0 ,dels>te a ,philosoph]8 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,c\rse ( ,appli$ ,a,esthetics4 ,meet+ ( ! ,circle ( ,le>n$ ,societies--,!ory ( ! ,degrees4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,recitation ( ,fables4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,law ( ,a,esthetics4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,art4 ,! ,true4 ,! ,good4 ,! ,beautiful4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,v>i\s ,arts4 ,dramatic1 ,lyric & ,oratorical ,art4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,lit]ature4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,ar*itecture4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,sculpture4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,pa9t+4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,dels>te's ,beg9n+s4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,dels>te's ,!atre & ,s*ool4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,dels>te's ,family4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,dels>te's ,religion4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,dels>te's ,fri5ds4 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,dels>te's ,s*ol>s4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,dels>te's ,musical ,compositions4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,dels>te's ,ev5+ ,lectures4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,dels>te's ,inv5tions4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,dels>te be=e ! ,philote*nic ,association4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,dels>te's ,la/ ,ye>s4 ,lit]>y ,rema9s ,( ,francois ,dels>te4 ,"p ,fif?4 ,publi%]'s ,note4 ,dels>te's ,la/ ,lett] ,to ,! ,k+ ,( ,hanov] ,episode ,i4 ,episode ,,ii4 ,episode ,,iii4 ,episode ,,iv4 ,episode ,v4 ,semeiotics ( ! ,%\ld]4 ,episode ,,vi4 ,episode ,,vii4 ,:at ,i ,propose4 ,! ,beautiful4 ,tr9ity4 ,rev]sal ( ,processional ,relations4 ,passion ( ,signs1 ,signs ( ,passion4 ,def9ition ( ,=m4 ,on ,di/9ction & ,vulg>ity ( ,motion4 ,ge/ure4 ,def9ition ( ,ge/ure4 ,attitudes ( ! ,head4 ,attitudes ( ! ,h&s4 ,affirmation ( ! ,h&4 ,table ( ! ,normal ,"* ( ! ,n9e ,attitudes4 ,attitudes ( ! ,legs4 ,! ,holy ,tr9ity ,recov]$ 9 ,s\nd4 ,spee*4 ,brea?+4 ,vocal ,respiration4 ,logical ,respiration4 ,passional ,respiration4 ,vocal ,organ4 ,def9ition ,( ,! ,voice4 ,:at ! ,regi/] is4 ,on ,%ad+4 ,pa!tic ,effects4 ,on ! ,te>+ ( ! ,voice4 ,numb]4 ,m$allion ( ,inflection4 ,! ,nature ( ! ,colors ( ,ea* ,circle 9 ! ,color ,*>ts4 ,! ,attributes ( ,reason4 ,r&om ,notes4 ,"p ,six?4 ,! ,lecture & ,lessons ,giv5 by ,mme4 ,m>ie ,g]aldy 7,dels>te's ,daught]7 9 ,am]ica4 ,"p ,sev5?4 ,article by ,alfr$ ,giraudet4 ,article by ,francis ,a4 ,durivage4 ,article by ,hector ,b]lioz4 ,delaumosne ,on ,dels>te4 ,! ,dels>te ,sy/em1 by ,m4 l',abbe ,delaumosne1 7,pupil ( ,dels>te47 ,translat$ by ,frances ,a4 ,%aw4 ,francois ,dels>te4 ,francois ,dels>te 0 born ,novemb] #aa1 #ahaa1 at ,solesme1 a little t[n ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,nor?1 9 ,france4 ,8 fa!r1 :o 0 a r5[n$ physician & ! au?or ( sev]al inv5tions1 might h secur$ a =tune = 8 family1 _h he be5 m anxi\s = ! morr[1 b he di$ 9 a /ate bord]+ ^u pov]ty4 ,9 #ahbb1 ,francois 0 appr5tic$ to a porcela9 pa9t] ( ,p>is1 b1 yield+ to a ta/e & aptitude = music1 9 ! ye> #ahbe1 he s\ght & obta9$ admission to ! ,cons]vatory z a p5sion]4 ,"h a great trial await$ him--a trial :i* wreck$ 8 musical c>e]1 b 0 a decid$ ga9 = 8 g5ius4 ,he _h be5 plac$ 9 ! vocal classes1 & 9 consequ5ce ( faults 9 me?od & direction1 he lo/ 8 voice4 ,he 0 inconsolable1 b1 )\t mak+ light ( 8 sorr[1 we may c\nt t loss happy1 :i* gave ! _w its fir/ law-giv] 9 ! art ( oratory4 ,! "y /ud5t refus$ to accept ?is calamity )\t mak+ "o f9al ef=t to retrieve x4 ,he pres5t$ himself at ! musical conte/ ( #ahbi4 ,8 impair$ voice r5d]$ success impossible1 b k9d words f influ5tial fri5ds 9 a great measure comp5sat$ = defeat4 ,! celebrat$ ,n\rrit said to him3 ,i h giv5 y my vote = ! fir/ prize1 & my *ildr5 %all h no s++-ma/] b y4 ,c\rage1 said ,madame ,malibran1 press+ 8 h&4 ,y w "o day be a great arti/4 ,b ,dels>te knew t )\t a voice he mu/ r5\nce ! /age1 & yield+ to ! inevitable1 he gave up ! role ( ! actor to assume ! functions ( ! pr(essor4 ,aft] 8 own %ipwreck ^u a b>k )\t pilot or compass1 he summon$ up c\rage to se>* into ! laws ( an art :i* _h hi!rto subsi/$ only ^u caprice & p]sonal inspiration4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s ( dilig5t /udy1 he discov]$ & =mulat$ ! ess5tial laws ( all art2 &1 ?anks to him1 ae/hetic sci5ce 9 our day has ! same precision z ma!matical sci5ce4 ,he _h num]\s pupils1 _m ( :om h become di/+ui%$ 9 v>i\s public c>e]s--9 ! pulpit1 at ! b>1 on ! /age1 & at ! tribune4 ,madame ,sontag1 :5 %e wi%$ to int]pret ,gluck's music1 *ose ,dels>te = h] tea*]4 ,ra*el drew inspiration f 8 c\nsels1 & he became h] gu>dian ( ! sacr$ fire4 ,he 0 urg5tly solicit$ to appe> ) h] at ! ,!atre-,francais1 b religi\s scruples l$ him to refuse ! f9e/ (f]s4 ,madame de ,girad9 7,delph9e ,gay71 surnam$ ! ,muse ( h] c\ntry1 welcom$ him gladly to h] salon1 !n ! r5dezv\s ( ! _w ( art & lett]s1 & regrett$ n see+ him (t5]4 ,he 0 m ?an once invit$ to ! lit]>y sessions ( ,juilly college1 &1 "u ! spell ( 8 diction1 ! pupils became animat$ by a new ardor = /udy4 ,monseigneur ,sib\r _h great e/eem & affection = ,dels>te1 & made him 8 frequ5t gue/4 ,x 0 9 ! salon ( ?is art-lov+ ar*bi%op t ,dels>te a*iev$ "o ( 8 mo/ brilliant triumphs4 ,all ! notable m5 ( sci5ce _h ga!r$ !re1 & ! conv]sation took su* a turn t ,dels>te f\nd opportunity to give1 )\t (f5ce1 a *all5ge 9 ^! two l9es ( ,rac9e3 ,l'onde appro*e1 se brise1 et vomit a nos yeux1 ,p>mi des flots d'ecume1 un mon/re furieux4 7,! wave draws ne>1 x breaks1 & ca/s be=e our eyes1 ,amid ! floods ( foam1 a mon/] grim & dire47 ,please tell me ! mo/ emphatic & significant ^w "h1 said ,dels>te4 ,all reflect$1 s\ght out & !n gave1 ea* 9 turn1 8 *os5 ^w4 ,e ^w 0 select$ save ! conjunction et 7&74 ,no "o ?\ght ( t4 ,dels>te !n rose1 & 9 a calm & mode/1 b triumphant tone1 said3 ,! significant1 emphatic ^w is ! only "o :i* has escap$ y4 ,x is ! conjunction &1 ^: elliptic s5se leaves u 9 appreh5sion ( t :i* is ab\t to happ54 ,all own$ !mselves vanqui%$1 & applaud$ ! triumphant arti/4 ,donoso ,cortes made ,dels>te a *os5 confidant ( 8 ideas4 ,"o day1 :5 ! great ma/] ( oratorical diction _h recit$ to him ! ,dies ,irae1 ! illu/ri\s philosoph]1 9 an access ( religi\s emotion1 begg$ t ?is hymn might be *ant$ at 8 fun]al4 ,dels>te promis$ x1 & he kept 8 ^w4 ,:5 invit$ to ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,philippe1 he repli$3 ,i am n a c\rt buffoon4 ,:5 a g5]\s comp5sation 0 h9t$ at1 he answ]$3 ,i d n sell my loves4 ,:5 x 0 urg$ t ! occasion 0 a bir?-day fete to be giv5 8 fa!r by ! ,duke ( ,orleans1 he accept$ ! invitation ^u ?ree conditions1 ?us /at$ by himself3 #a/4 ,i %all be ! only s+]2 #b;d4 ,i %all h no accompanim5t b ! op]a *orus2 #c;d4 ,i %all receive no comp5sation4 ,! conditions 7 ass5t$ to1 & ,dels>te surpass$ himself4 ,! k+ paid him su* m>k$ att5tions t ,m4 ,+res felt con/ra9$ to say3 ,"o might decl>e 9 tru? t x is ,dels>te :o is k+ ( ,france4 ,dels>te's reputation _h pass$ ! fronti]4 ,! k+ ( ,hanov] committ$ to 8 in/ruction ! greate/ musical arti/e ( 8 realm1 & 0 s gratifi$ ) h] improvem5t t1 wi%+ to recomp5se ! pr(essor1 he s5t him ! mu* priz$ ,hanov]ian m$al ( arts & sci5ces1 accompani$ by a lett] f 8 own royal h&4 ,dels>te aft]w>ds receiv$ f ! same k+ ! cross ( a ,*evali] ( ! ,guelph ord]4 ,dels>te's auditors 7 n ! only ones to s\nd 8 praises4 ,! le>n$ reviews extoll$ 8 m]its4 ,su* writ]s z ,laur5tie1 ,riancey1 ,lam>t9e & ,!ophile ,gauti] aw>d$ him ! mo/ en?usia/ic praise4 ,po/]ity w p]petuate 8 fame4 ,m4 ,laur5tie writes3 ,i he>d ,dels>te recite "o ev5+ ',iphig5ia's ,dream1' :i* ! audi5ce _h bes\ght ( him4 ,! hall rema9$ ?rill$ & brea?less "u ?is impair$ & yet sov]eign voice4 ,all yield$ 9 rapt a/oni%m5t to ! spell4 ,!re 0 no pre/ige1 no !atrical illusion4 ,iphig5ia 0 a pr(essor 9 a black frock coat2 ! or*e/ra 0 a piano1 giv+ =? "h & !re an unexpect$ modulation4 ,?is 0 8 :ole =ce2 yet ! hall 0 mute1 he>ts beat1 te>s fl[$ f _m eyes1 & :5 ! recital end$1 en?usia/ic %\ts arose1 z if ,iphig5ia 9 p]son _h j rec\nt$ h] t]rors4 ,aft] ,dels>te _h ga!r$ s abundant a h>ve/ ( laurels1 fate decid$ t he _h liv$ long en\gh4 ,:5 he _h rea*$ 8 sixtie? ye>1 he 0 attack$ by hyp]trophy ( ! he>t1 :i* left 8 ri* organization 9 ru9s4 ,he 0 no long] ! arti/ ( graceful1 supple1 expressive & h>moni\s movem5ts2 no long] ! ?9k] ) pr(\nd & lum9\s ideas4 ,b 9 ! mid/ ( ?is physical & intellectual ru91 ! ,*ri/ian s5tim5t reta9$ its /rong1 sweet en]gy4 ,a believ] 9 ! sacram5ts :i* he _h receiv$ 9 days ( heal?1 he ask$ = !m 9 ! h\r ( dang]1 & _m times he p>took ( t sacram5t ( love ^: virtue he _h taught s well4 ,f9ally1 aft] hav+ l+]$ = mon?s 9 a /ate t 0 nei!r life nor dea?1 surr\nd$ by 8 pi\s wife1 & 8 weep+1 pray+ *ildr51 he r5d]$ 8 s\l to ,god on ! #bj? ( ,july1 #ahga4 ,dels>te nev] c\ld be p]suad$ to write any?+ ^u !mes =eign to ^? connect$ ) 8 musical & vocal "w4 ,! au?or ( ?is volume desires to save f oblivion ! mo/ wond]ful conception ( ?is sup]ior intellect3 8 ,c\rse ( ,a,esthetic ,oratory4 ,he d>es promise to be a fai?ful int]pret]4 ,if excuse be ne$$ = und]tak+ a task s delicate1 he replies t he addresses himself to a class ( read]s :o w "k h[ to appreciate 8 motives4 ,! m]it ( ,dels>te1 ! honor ( 8 family1 ! gratification ( 8 num]\s fri5ds1 ! int]e/s ( sci5ce1 ! claims ( fri5d%ip1 dem& t ?is light %\ld n be left "u a bu%el1 b plac$ ^u a c&le/ick--?is light :i* has %$ s brilliant a gl[1 & enri*$ ! arts ) a new spl5dor4 ,preface4 ,orators1 y are call$ to ! m9i/ry ( spee*4 ,y h fix$ y\r *oice ^u ! pulpit1 ! b>1 ! tribune or ! /age4 ,y w become "o day1 prea*]1 advocate1 lectur] or actor2 9 %ort1 y desire to embrace ! orator's c>e]4 ,i applaud y\r design4 ,y w ent] ^u ! noble/ & mo/ glori\s ( vocations4 ,eloqu5ce holds ! fir/ rank among ! arts4 ,:ile we aw>d praise & glory to great musicians & pa9t]s1 to great ma/]s ( sculpture & ar*itecture1 ! prize ( honor is decre$ to great orators4 ,:o c def9e ! omnipot5ce ( spee*8 ,) a few brief words ,god call$ ! univ]se f no?+ness2 spee* fall+ f ! gl[+ lips ( ! ,apo/les1 has *ang$ ! face ( ! e>?4 ,! curr5t ( op9ion foll[s ! pre/ige ( spee*1 & to-day1 z ev]1 eloqu5ce is univ]sal que54 ,we ne$ feel no surprise t1 9 anci5t times1 ! multitude uncov]$ z ,cic]o approa*$1 & cri$3 ,behold ! orator6 ,w\ld y h y\r spee* be> fruit & comm& honor8 ,two qualities are ne$ful3 virtue & a k ( ! art ( oratory4 ,cic]o has def9$ ! orator z a good man ( wor?3 ,vir bonus1 dic5di p]itus4 ,!n1 above all1 ! orator %\ld be a man ( wor?4 ,su* a man w make x 8 purpose to d good2 & ! good is ! true end ( oratorical art4 ,9 tru?1 :at is art8 ,art is ! expression ( ! beautiful 9 ideas2 x is ! true4 ,plato says ! beautiful is ! spl5dor ( ! true4 ,:at is art8 ,x is ! beautiful 9 action4 ,x is ! good4 ,accord+ to ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! beautiful is ! lu/re ( ! good4 ,f9ally1 :at is art8 ,x is ! beautiful 9 ! h>monies ( nature4 ,gal51 :5 he _h f9i%$ 8 "w on ! /ructure ( ! human body1 exclaim$3 ,behold ?is beautiful hymn to ! glory ( ! ,creator6 ,:at1 !n1 is ! true1 ! beautiful1 ! good8 ,we might answ]1 x is ,god4 ,!n virtue & ! glory ( ,god %\ld be ! "o end ( ! orator1 ( ! good man4 ,a true arti/ nev] d5ies ,god4 ,eloqu5ce is a means1 n an end4 ,we mu/ n love art = its own sake1 t w\ld be idolatry4 ,art gives w+s = asc5t to ,god4 ,"o ne$ n pause to contemplate 8 w+s4 ,art is an in/rum5t1 b n an in/rum5t ( vanity or complaisance4 ,tru?1 alas6 compels u to admit t eloqu5ce has also ! melan*oly p[] ( corrupt+ s\ls4 ,s9ce x is an art1 x is also a p[] :i* mu/ produce its effect = good or evil4 ,x has be5 said t ! fool always f9ds a great] fool to li/5 to him4 ,we might add t ! false1 ! ugly & ! vici\s h ea* a fibre 9 ! human he>t to s]ve _! purpose4 ,!n let ! true orator1 ! good man1 arm$ ) holy eloqu5ce1 seek to p>alyze ! fatal influ5ce ( ^? orators :o are apo/les ( falsehood & corruption4 ,poets are born1 orators are made3 nascuntur poetae1 fiunt oratores4 ,y und]/& :y ,i h engrav$ ?is maxim on ! title-page ( my "w4 ,x conta9s its raison d'etre1 its ju/ification4 ,m5 are poets at bir?1 b eloqu5ce is an art to be taught & le>n$4 ,all art presupposes rules1 proc$ures1 a me*anism1 a me?od :i* mu/ be kn[n4 ,we br+ m or less aptitude to ! /udy ( an art1 b e pr(ession dem&s a p]iod m or less prolong$4 ,we mu/ n c\nt ^u natural advantages2 none are p]fect by nature4 ,humanity is crippl$2 beauty exi/s only 9 fragm5ts4 ,p]fect beauty is n[h]e to be f\nd2 ! arti/ mu/ create x by syn!tic "w4 ,y h a f9e voice1 b be c]ta9 x has its defects4 ,y\r articulation is vici\s1 & ! ge/ures ^u :i* y pride y\rself1 are1 9 mo/ cases1 unnatural4 ,d n rely ^u ! fire ( mom5t>y inspiration4 ,no?+ is m deceptive4 ,! great ,g>rick said3 ,i d n dep5d ^u t inspiration :i* idle m$iocrity awaits4 ,talma decl>$ t he absolutely calculat$ all effects1 leav+ no?+ to *ance4 ,:ile he recit$ ! sc5e betwe5 ,augu/us & ,c9na1 he 0 also p]=m+ an ari?metical op]ation4 ,:5 he said3 ,take a *air1 ,c9na1 & 9 ev]y?+ ,closely obs]ve ! law ,i bid y he$-- he made 8 audi5ce %udd]4 ,! orator %\ld n ev5 ?9k ( :at he is do+4 ,! ?+ %\ld h be5 s mu* /udi$1 t all w\ld seem to fl[ ( itself f ! f\nta94 ,b :]e f9d ?is squ>e1 ?is intellectual compass1 t traces = u ) ma!matical precision1 t l9e ( ge/ures beyond :i* ! orator mu/ n pass8 ,i h s\ght x = a long "t1 b 9 va94 ,"h & !re "o meets ) advice1 sometimes good b v (t5 bad4 ,= example1 y are told t ! great] ! emotion1 ! /rong] %\ld be ! voice4 ,no?+ is m false4 ,9 viol5t emotion ! he>t seems to fill ! l>ynx & ! voice is /ifl$4 ,9 all su* c\nsels x behooves u to se>* out _! f\ndation1 ! reason t is 9 !m1 to ask if !re is a type 9 nature :i* s]ves z _! measure4 ,we he> a celebrat$ orator4 ,we seek to recall1 to imitate 8 inflections & ge/ures4 ,we adopt 8 mann]isms1 & t is all4 ,we see ^! mann]isms ev]y:]e1 b ! true type is n[h]e4 ,aft] mu* unavail+ se>*1 ,i at la/ _h ! good =tune to meet a g5u9e ma/] ( eloqu5ce4 ,aft] giv+ mu* /udy to ! ma/]pieces ( pa9t+ & sculpture1 aft] obs]v+ ! liv+ man 9 all 8 moods & expressions1 he has kn[n h[ to sum up ^! details & r$uce !m to laws4 ,?is great arti/1 ?is unrival$ ma/]1 0 ! pi\s1 ! amiable1 ! lam5t$ ,dels>te4 ,!re c]ta9ly 0 pleasure & pr(it 9 he>+ ?is ma/] ( eloqu5ce1 = he excell$ 9 apply+ 8 pr9ciples to himself4 ,/ill f 8 tea*+s1 ev5 f ! dead lett] ( !m1 breaks =? a light :i* reveals horizons hi!rto unkn[n4 ,?is "w might h be5 entitl$3 ,philosophy ( ,oratorical ,art1 = "o _c treat ( eloqu5ce )\t ent]+ ! doma9 ( ! highe/ philosophy4 ,:at1 9 fact1 is oratorical art8 ,x is ! means ( express+ ! ph5om5a ( ! s\l by ! play ( ! organs4 ,x is ! sum total ( rules & laws result+ f ! reciprocal action ( m9d & body4 ,?us man mu/ be consid]$ 9 8 s5sitive1 intellectual & moral /ate1 ) ! play ( ! organs correspond+ to ^! /ates4 ,our tea*+ has1 !n1 = its basis ! sci5ce ( ! s\l m9i/]$ to by ! organs4 ,?is is :y we pres5t ! fix$1 inv>iable rules :i* h _! sanction 9 philosophy4 ,?is c be r5d]$ pla9 by an exposition ( our me?od4 ,! art ( oratory1 we repeat1 is express+ m5tal ph5om5a by ! play ( ! physical organs4 ,x is ! translation1 ! pla/ic =m1 ! language ( human nature4 ,b man1 ! image ( ,god1 pres5ts himself to u 9 ?ree phases3 ! s5sitive1 intellectual & moral4 ,man feels1 ?9ks & loves4 ,he is en rapport ) ! physical _w1 ) ! spiritual _w1 & ) ,god4 ,he fulfils 8 c\rse by ! light ( ! s5ses1 ! reason1 or ! light ( grace4 ,we call life ! s5sitive /ate1 m9d ! intellectual /ate1 & s\l ! moral /ate4 ,nei!r ( ^! ?ree t]ms c be sep>at$ f ! two o!rs4 ,!y int]p5etrate1 int]lace1 correspond ) & embrace ea* o!r4 ,?us m9d supposes s\l & life4 ,s\l is at ! same "t m9d & life4 ,9 f9e1 life is inh]5t 9 m9d & s\l4 ,?us ^! ?ree primitive moods ( ! s\l are di/+ui%$ by n9e p]fectly adequate t]ms4 ,! s\l be+ ! =m ( ! body1 ! body is made 9 ! image ( ! s\l4 ,! human body conta9s ?ree organisms to translate ! triple =m ( ! s\l4 ,! phonetic ma*9]y1 ! voice1 s\nd1 inflections1 are liv+ language4 ,! *ild1 z yet devoid ( intellig5ce & s5tim5t1 conveys 8 emotions ?r\gh cries & moans4 ,! myologic or muscul> ma*9]y1 or ge/ure1 is ! language ( s5tim5t & emotion4 ,:5 ! *ild recognizes its "m1 x beg9s to smile4 ,! buccal ma*9]y1 or articulate spee*1 is ! language ( ! m9d4 ,man1 nei!r by voice nor ge/ure1 c express two opposite ideas on ! same subject2 ?is necess>ily involves a resort to spee*4 ,human language is compos$ ( ge/ure1 spee* & s++4 ,! anci5t melodrama ow$ its excell5ce to a union ( ^! ?ree languages4 ,ea* ( ^! organisms takes ! ecc5tric1 conc5tric1 or normal =m1 accord+ to ! diff]5t moods ( ! s\l :i* x is call$ to translate4 ,9 ! s5sitive /ate1 ! s\l lives outside itself2 x has relations ) ! ext]ior _w4 ,9 ! intellectual /ate1 ! s\l turns back ^u itself1 & ! organism obeys ?is movem5t4 ,!n ensues a contraction 9 all ! ag5ts ( ! organism4 ,?is is ! conc5tric /ate4 ,9 ! moral or my/ic /ate1 ! s\l1 enraptur$ ) ,god1 enjoys p]fect tranquility & bless$ness4 ,all brea!s peace1 quietude1 s]5ity4 ,?is is ! normal /ate1--! mo/ p]fect1 elevat$ & sublime expression ( :i* ! organism is capable4 ,let u n =get t by reason ( a con/ant transition1 ea* /ate borr[s ! =m ( its k9dr$ /ate4 ,?us ! normal /ate c take ! conc5tric & ecc5tric =m1 & become at ! same "t1 d\bly normal2 t is1 normal to ! highe/ degree4 ,s9ce ea* /ate c take ! =m ( ! two o!rs1 ! result is n9e di/9ct ge/ures1 :i* =m t m>vel\s accord ( n9e1 :i* we call ! univ]sal crit]ion4 ,9 f9e1 "h is ! gr& law ( organic gymna/ics3 ,! triple movem5t1 ! triple language ( ! organs is ecc5tric1 conc5tric1 or normal1 accord+ z x is ! expression ( life1 s\l or _s4 ,"u ! influ5ce1 ! occult inspiration ( ?is law1 ! great ma/]s h enri*$ ! _w ) miracles ( art4 ,aid$ by ?is law ! c\rse foll[$ 9 ?is "w1 may be easily und]/ood4 ,s9ce eloqu5ce is compos$ ( ?ree languages1 we divide ?is "w into ?ree books 9 :i* voice1 ge/ure & spee* are /udi$ by turns4 ,!n1 apply+ to !m ! great law ( art1 our task is accompli%$4 ,! advantages ( ?is me?od are easily und]/ood4 ,!re is giv5 a type ( expression n tak5 f ! individual1 b f human nature syn!tiz$4 ,?us ! /ud5t w n h ! humiliation ( be+ ! slave or ape ( any p>ticul> ma/]4 ,he w be only himself4 ,^? :o assimilate _! imp]fect natures to ! p]fect type w become orators4 ,fiunt ,oratores4 ,success hav+ att5d$ ! fir/ ef=ts1 let ! w\ld-be orator assimilate ^! rules1 & 8 p[] w be d\bl$1 aye increas$ a hundr$fold4 ,& ?us hav+ become an orator1 a man ( pr9ciple1 :o kn[s h[ to speak well1 he w aid 9 ! triumph ( religion1 ju/ice & virtue4 ,"p ,fir/4 ,voice ,*apt] ,i4 ,prelim9>y ,ideas--crit]ion ( ! ,oratorical ,art4 ,let u note an inconte/able fact4 ,! sci5ce ( ! ,art ( ,oratory has n yet be5 taught4 ,hi!rto g5ius alone1 & n sci5ce1 has made great orators4 ,horace1 ,qu9tilian & ,cic]o among ! anci5ts1 & num]\s mod]n writ]s h treat$ ( oratory z an art4 ,we admire _! writ+s1 b ?is is n sci5ce2 "h we seek 9 va9 ! fundam5tal laws :5ce _! tea*+s proce$4 ,!re is no sci5ce )\t pr9ciples :i* give a reason = its facts4 ,h5ce to tea* & to le>n ! art ( oratory1 x is necess>y3 #a4 ,to und]/& ! g5]al law :i* controls ! movem5ts ( ! organs2 #b4 ,to apply ?is g5]al law to ! movem5ts ( ea* p>ticul> organ2 #c4 ,to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! =m ( ea* ( ^! movem5ts2 #d4 ,to adapt ?is mean+ to ea* ( ! diff]5t /ates ( ! s\l4 ,! fundam5tal law1 ^: /amp e "o ( ^! organs be>s1 mu/ be kept c>efully 9 m9d4 ,"h is ! =mula3 ,! s5sitive1 m5tal & moral /ate ( man are r5d]$ by ! ecc5tric1 conc5tric or normal =m ( ! organism4#a ,su* is ! fir/ & greate/ law4 ,!re is a second law1 :i* proce$s f ! fir/ & is simil> to x3 ,ea* =m ( ! organism becomes triple by borr[+ ! =m ( ! two o!rs4 ,x is 9 ! application ( ^! two laws t ! entire practice ( ! art ( oratory consi/s4 ,"h1 !n1 is a sci5ce1 = we possess a crit]ion ) :i* all ph5om5a mu/ agree1 & :i* none c ga9say4 ,?is crit]ion1 compos$ ( our d\ble =mula1 we repres5t 9 a *>t1 ^: explanation mu/ be c>efully /udi$4 ,! ?ree primitive =ms or g5]a :i* affect ! organs are repres5t$ by ! ?ree transv]se l9es4 ,,g5us4 ,,species4 #a #c #b ,,ii4 ,conc4 #a-;,,ii #c-;,,ii #b-;,,ii ,ecc4 ,conc4 ,norm4 ,conc4 ,conc4 ,conc4 ,,iii4 ,norm4 #a-;,,iii #c-;,,iii #b-;,,iii ,ecc4 ,norm4 ,norm4 ,norm4 ,conc4 ,norm4 ,i4 ,ecc4 #a-;,i #c-;,i #b-;,i ,ecc4 ,ecc4 ,norm4 ,ecc4 ,conc4 ,ecc4 ,! subdivision ( ! ?ree g5]a into n9e species is not$ 9 ! ?ree p]p5dicul> columns4 ,"u ! title ,g5us we %all use ! ,roman num]als ,i1 ,,iii1 ,,ii4 ,"u ! title ,species we employ ! ,arabic figures #a1 #c1 #b4 ,i designates ! ecc5tric =m1 ,,ii ! conc5tric =m1 ,,iii ! normal =m4 ,! ,arabic figures h ! same signification4 ,! normal =m1 ei!r 9 ! g5us or ! species1 we place 9 ! middle column1 because x s]ves z a bond ( union betwe5 ! two o!rs1 z ! moral /ate is ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! intellectual & vital /ates4 ,?us ! fir/ law relative to ! primitive =ms ( ! organs is appli$ 9 ! ?ree transv]se columns1 & ! second law relative to _! comp\nd =ms is reproduc$ 9 ! ?ree v]tical columns4 ,z may be easily prov51 ! ecc5tric g5us produces ?ree species ( ecc5tric =ms1 m>k$ 9 ! ?ree divisions ( ! l[] transv]se column4 ,s9ce ! figure #a repres5ts ! ecc5tric =m1 #a-;,i w designate ! =m ( ! highe/ degree ( ecc5tricity1 :i* we call ecc5tro-ecc5tric4 ,s9ce ! figure #c repres5ts ! normal =m1 ! numb]s #c-;,i w indicate ! normo-ecc5tric =m4 ,s9ce ! figure #b designates ! =m :i* translates intellig5ce1 ! figures #b-;,i indicate ! conc5tro-ecc5tric =m z a species4 ,z ! species proce$s f ! g5us1 we beg9 by nam+ ! species 9 ord] to br+ x back to ! g5us4 ,?us1 9 ! column ( ! ecc5tric g5us ! figure #a is plac$ aft] ! numb]s #c & #b1 :i* belong to ! species4 ,we mu/ apply ! same analysis to ! transv]se column ( ! normal g5us1 z also to t ( ! conc5tric g5us4 ,foll[+ a diagonal f ! bottom to ! top & f left to "r1 we meet ! mo/ expressive =m ( ! species1 :e!r ecc5tric1 normal or conc5tric1 m>k$ by ! figures #a-;,i1 #c-;,,iii1 #b-;,,ii1 & by ! abbreviations ,ecc4-ecc4 7,ecc5tro-ecc5tric71 ,norm4-norm4 7,normo-normal71 ,conc4-conc4 7,conc5tro-conc5tric74 ,x is curi\s to rem>k h[ ^u ?is diagonal ! organic manife/ations correspond+ to ! s\l1 t is to love1 are f\nd 9 ! mid/1 to l9k ! expressive =ms ( life & m9d4 ,?is *>t sums up all ! ess5tial =ms :i* c affect ! organism4 ,?is is a univ]sal algebraic =mula1 by :i* we c solve all organic problems4 ,we apply x to ! h&1 to ! %\ld]1 to ! eyes1 to ! voice--9 a ^w1 to all ! ag5ts ( oratorical language4 ,= example1 x suffices to "k ! ecc5tro-ecc5tric =m ( ! h&1 ( ! eyes2 & we res]ve x = ! appropriate occasion4 ,all ! figures accompany+ ! text ( ?is "w are only reproductions ( ?is *>t affect$ by su* or su* a p>ticul> organ4 ,a k ( ?is crit]ion gives to our /udies n only simplicity1 cle>ness & facility1 b also ma!matical precision4 ,9 propos+ ! accord ( n9e =m$ by ! figure #c multipli$ into itself1 x mu/ be und]/ood t we give ! mo/ elem5t>y1 mo/ usual & lea/ complicat$ t]ms4 ,?r\gh natural & successive subdivisions we c arrive at #ha t]ms4 ,?us multiply #i by #c2 ! numb] #bg gives an accord ( #bg t]ms1 :i* c aga9 be multipli$ by #c to rea* #ha4 ,or r let u multiply #i by #i1 & we 9 l mann] obta9 #ha t]ms1 :i* become ! end ( ! s]ies4 ,?is is ! alpha & omega ( all human sci5ce4 ,huc usque v5ies1 et ibi confr+es tum5tes fluctus tuos4 7,?us f> %alt ?\ come1 & "h %all ?y pr\d waves be /ay$47 ,x is well to rem>k t ?is crit]ion is appli$ to all possible ph5om5a1 bo? 9 ! arts & sci5ces4 ,?is is reason1 univ]sal syn!sis4 ,all ph5om5a1 spiritual z well z mat]ial1 mu/ be consid]$ "u ?ree or n9e aspects1 or n be und]/ood4 ,?ree g5]a & n9e species2 ?ree & n9e 9 ev]y?+ & ev]y:]e2 ?ree & n9e1 ^! are ! notes e*o$ by all be+s4 ,we d n fe> to affirm t ?is crit]ion is div9e1 s9ce x con=ms to ! nature ( be+s4 ,!n1 ) ?is compass 9 h&1 let u explore ! va/ field ( oratorical art1 & beg9 ) ! voice4 ,,note ,,to ,,! ,,/ud5t4--,d n g on )\t a p]fect und]/&+ ( ?is explanation ( ! crit]ion1 z well z ! exposition ( our me?od :i* closes ! preface4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,! ,voice4 ,! :ole secret ( captivat+ an audi5ce by ! *>ms ( ! voice1 consi/s 9 a practical k ( ! laws ( s\nd1 inflection1 respiration & sil5ce4 ,! voice fir/ manife/s itself ?r\gh s\nd2 inflection is an int5tional modification ( s\nd2 respiration & sil5ce are a means ( fall+ exactly ^u ! suitable tone & inflection4 ,s\nd be+ ! fir/ language ( man 9 ! cradle1 ! lea/ we c dem& ( ! orator is1 t he speak intellig5tly a language ^: au?or is in/9ct4 ,! orator mu/ !n li/5 to 8 own voice 9 ord] to und]/& x1 to e/imate its value1 to cultivate x by correct+ its faults1 to guide x--9 a ^w1 to dispose ( x at w1 accord+ to ! incl9ation ( ! mom5t4 ,we beg9 ! /udy ( ! voice ) ,s\nd2 & z s\nd may be view$ "u sev]al aspects1 we divide ?is head+ into z _m sections4 ,compass ( ! ,voice--,organic ,app>atus ( ! ,voice4 ,?is app>atus is compos$ ( ! l>ynx1 ! m\? & ! lungs4 ,ea* ( ^! ag5ts d]ives its value f mutual action ) ! o!rs4 ,! l>ynx ( itself is no?+1 & c be consid]$ only ?r\gh its p>ticipation 9 ! simultane\s action ( ! m\? & lungs4 ,s\nd1 !n1 is =m$ by a triple ag5t--projective1 vibrative & reflective4 ,! lungs are ! solicit+ ag5t1 ! l>ynx is ! vibrative ag5t1 ! m\? is ! reflective ag5t4 ,^! mu/ act 9 unison1 or !re is no result4 ,! l>ynx might be call$ ! m\? ( ! in/rum5t1 ! inside ( ! m\? ! pavilion1 ! lungs ! arti/4 ,9 a viol91 ! l>ynx w\ld be ! /r+1 ! lungs ! b[1 ! m\? ! in/rum5t itself4 ,! triple action ( ^! ag5ts produces phonation4 ,!y eng5d] s\nds & inflections4 ,s\nd is ! revelation ( ! s5sitive life to ! m9ute/ degree2 inflections are ! revelation ( ! same life 9 a high] degree1 & ?is is :y !y are ! f\ndation & ! *>m ( music4 ,su* is ! wond]ful organism ( ! human voice1 su* ! p[]ful in/rum5t ,provid5ce has plac$ at ! disposal ( ! orator4 ,b :at avails ! possession ( an in/rum5t if "o does n "k h[ to use x1 or h[ to tune x8 ,! orator1 ignorant ( ! laws ( s\nd & inflection1 resembles ! debutant :o places ! trumpet to 8 lips = ! fir/ "t4 ,we "k ! e>-tortur+ tones he evolves4 ,! e> is ! mo/ delicate1 ! mo/ exact+ ( all our s5ses4 ,! eye is f> m tol]ant4 ,! eye resigns itself to behold a bad ge/ure1 b ! e> does n =give a false note or a false inflection4 ,x is ?r\gh ! voice we please an audi5ce4 ,if we h ! e> ( an auditor1 we easily w9 8 m9d & he>t4 ,! voice is a my/]i\s h& :i* t\*es1 envelops & c>esses ! he>t4 ,( ! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,compass4 ,all voices d n h ! same compass1 or ! same range4 ,by range we mean ! numb] ( tones ! voice c produce bel[ & above a giv5 note on ! /aff1 say ,a1 second space ( ! treble clef4 ,!re are f\r di/9ct k9ds ( voices3 ,soprano1 alto1 t5or & bass4 ,!re are also int]m$iate voices1 possess+ ! peculi> quality ( ! k9d to :i* x belongs1 = example3 ,mezzo-soprano1 ) ! quality ( ! soprano & only diff]+ f ! soprano 9 range1 ! range ( ?is voice be+ l[] ?an ! soprano & a little high] ?an ! alto4 ,!n comes ! alto or contralto4 ,9 ! male voice we h ! t5or robu/o1 a little l[] ?an ! pure t5or & m p[]ful2 next ! b>itone1 a voice betwe5 ! t5or & bass1 b possess+ v mu* ! quality ( ! bass4 ,! tones 9 ! range ( e voice c be divid$ into ?ree p>ts--! l[]1 m$ium & high]4 ,?us we w\ld say ( a p]=m]1 he or %e us$ ! l[] or high] tones1 or :atev] ! case may be4 ,?is applies to e k9d ( voice4 ,! soprano voice ranges g5]ally f ! middle ,c1 fir/ add$ l9e bel[ on ! treble clef1 upw>ds to ,a1 fir/ add$ l9e above ! /aff4 ,contralto voices range g5]ally f ,g1 bel[ middle ,c 9 ! treble clef1 up to ,f1 ! upp] l9e ( ! clef4 ,! t5or voice ranges f ,c1 second space ( ! ,f clef1 to ,d1 second space 9 ! treble clef4 ,! bass voice ranges f l[] ,f1 fir/ space bel[ ( ! ,f or bass clef1 to ,d1 second space above ( ?is clef4#b ,! fir/ p]ception ( ! human voice imp]atively dem&s1 #a4 ,t ! voice be tri$ & its compass measur$ 9 ord] to asc]ta9 to :at species x belongs4 ,its "n mu/ be kn[n ) absolute c]ta9ty4 ,x w\ld be %ameful 9 a musician n to "k ! "n ( ! in/rum5t he uses4 #b4 ,t ! e> be tra9$ 9 ord] to di/+ui% ! pit* ^u :i* "o speaks4 ,we %\ld be able to "n a s\nd & to s\nd a "n4 ,! ,ori5tals c\ld s+ eight degrees ( tone betwe5 ,c & ,d4 ,!re may be a :ole scale1 a :ole air betwe5 ^! two tones4 ,x w\ld be unp>donable n to "k h[ to di/+ui% or at lea/ to s\nd a semitone4 ,!re is a fact prov$ by exp]i5ce1 :i* mu/ n be =gott54 ,! high voice1 ) elevat$ br[s1 s]ves to express int5sity ( passion1 z well z small1 trivial & also pleasant ?+s4 ,! deep voice1 ) ! eyes op51 expresses wor?y ?+s4 ,! deep voice1 ) ! eyes clos$1 expresses odi\s ?+s4 ,! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,v[els4 ,z already /at$1 ! vocal app>atus is compos$ ( ! lungs1 ! l>ynx & ! m\?2 b its accessories are ! tee?1 ! lips1 ! palate & ! uvula4 ,! tip & root ( ! tongue1 ! ar* ( ! palate & ! nasal cavities h also _! %>e 9 p]fect+ ! ac\/ic app>atus4 ,9 classify+ ! diff]5t v>ieties ( voice1 we h consid]$ !m only 9 _! rudim5t>y /ate4 ,ability to "n & di/+ui% ! sev]al tones ( voice is ! />t+ po9t4 ,we h an image m or less p]fect1 leav+ ! m\ld2 we h a canvas conta9+ ! design1 b n ! embroid]y--! m]e outl9e ( an in/rum5t1 a body )\t a s\l4 ,! voice be+ ! language ( ! s5sitive life1 ! passional /ate mu/ pass entirely into ! voice4 ,we mu/ "k !n h[ to give x an expression1 a color answ]+ to ! s5tim5t x conveys4 ,b ?is expressive =m ( ! voice dep5ds ^u ! s\nd ( its v[els4 ,!re is a "m v[el1 a g5]ative tone4 ,x is a 7,italian a74 ,9 articulat+ a ! m\? op5s wide1 giv+ a s\nd simil> to a 9 arm4 ,! primitive a takes ?ree =ms4 ,! unacc5t$1 ,italian a repres5ts ! normal /ate2 a ) ! acute acc5t 7'7 repres5ts ! ecc5tric /ate2 a ) ! grave acc5t 77 repres5ts ! conc5tric /ate4 ,^! ?ree a's d]iv$ f primitive a become ea* 9 turn ! prog5itor ( a family ) triple s\nds1 z may be se5 9 ! foll[+ g5ealogical tree3 ,a ,a ,a ,a --------------------------- e o e e au eu i ou u ,ecc5tric4 ,normal4 ,conc5tric4 ,?is is ! only simple s\nd1 b f\r o!r s\nds are d]iv$ f x4 ,! ?ree a's articulat$ by clos+ ! uvula1 give ! nasal an4 ,ea* family also gives its special nasal s\nd3 9 = ! ecc5tric voice1 on = ! normal /ate1 un = ! conc5tric4 ,all o!r s\nds are d]iv$ f comb9ations ( ^!4 ,! m\? _c possibly produce m ?an ?ree families ( s\nds1 & 9 ea* family x is a unit$ ) ! o!rs t =ms ! tr9ity4 ,! v>iety ( s\nds 9 ^! ?ree families ( v[els arises f ! diff]5ce ( ! op5+ ( ! m\? & lips 9 articulat+ !m4 ,^! diff]5t modes ( articulation may be r5d]$ m intelligible by ! subjo9$ diagrams3 a is pron\nc$ ) ! m\? v wide op51 ! uvula rais$ & ! tongue mu* l[]$4 --------------------- ,o ,o --------------------- e1 e1 i & 9 are articulat$ ) ! lips op5 & ! back "p ( ! m\? gradually clos$4 _/ _/ _/ a1 au1 ou & on are articulat$ ) ! back ( ! m\? op5 & ! lips gradually clos$4 _/ _/ _/ e1 eu1 u & un are articulat$ ) ! back ( ! m\? & ! lips uni=mly clos$4 --------------------- --------------------- ,! voice takes diff]5t names1 accord+ to ! diff]5t s\nds 9 ea* family ( v[els3 ! *e/-voice1 ! m$ium voice & ! head-voice4 ,^! names imply no *ange 9 ! sort ( voice1 b a *ange 9 ! mann] ( emission4 ,! head1 m$ium or *e/-voice1 indicates only v>iety 9 ! emission ( v[els1 & may be appli$ to ! high z well z ! deep & m$ium voice4 ,?us ! deep voice may produce s\nds 9 ! head-voice1 z well z 9 ! m$ium & *e/ voices4 ,! head-voice is produc$ by l[]+ ! l>ynx1 & at ! same "t rais+ ! uvula4 ,9 swall[+1 ! l>ynx rises by ! elevation ( ! uvula1 )\t :i* elevation !re c be no head-tones4 ,practical ,conclusions4 #a4 ,x is highly important to "k h[ to assume ei!r ( ^! voices at w4 ,! *e/-voice is ! expression ( ! s5sitive or vital life1 & is ! int]pret] ( all physical emotions4 ,! m$ium voice expresses s5tim5t & ! moral emotions4 ,! head-voice int]prets ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to sci5tific or m5tal ph5om5a4 ,by obs]v+ ! laugh 9 ! vital1 moral & intellectual /ates1 we %all see t ! voice takes ! s\nd ( ! v[el correspond+ to ea* /ate4 ,we und]/& ! laugh ( an individual2 if ^u ! i 7e long71 he has made a sorry je/2 if ^u e 7a 9 fate71 he has no?+ 9 8 he>t & mo/ likely no?+ 9 8 head2 if ^u a 7a %ort71 ! laugh is =c$4 ,o1 a1 7a long7 & ou are ! only normal expressions4 ,?us e "o is measur$1 numb]$1 weigh$4 ,!re is reason 9 ev]y?+1 ev5 :5 unkn[n to man4 ,9 physical pa9 or joy1 ! laugh or groan employs ! v[els e1 e1 i4#c #b4 ,! *e/-voice %\ld be little us$1 z x is a be/ial & v fatigu+ voice4 #c4 ,! head-voice or ! m$ium voice is pref]able1 x be+ m noble & m ample1 & n fatigu+4 ,9 ^! voices !re is f> less dang] ( ho>s5ess4 ,! head & m$ium voices proce$ m f ! m\?1 :ile ! *e/-voice has its vibrat+ po9t 9 ! l>ynx4 #d4 ,! articulation ( ! ?ree syllables1 la1 mo & po1 is a v useful ex]cise 9 habituat+ "o to ! m$ium voice4 ,besides reproduc+ ! tone ( ?is voice1 ^! are ! musical consonants p> excell5ce4 ,!y give *>m & developm5t to ! voice4 ,we c repeat ^! tones )\t fatigu+ ! vocal *ords1 s9ce !y are produc$ by ! articulative app>atus4 #e4 ,x is well to rem>k t ! *e/1 m$ium & head voices are synonym\s ) ! ecc5tric1 normal or conc5tric voice4 #f4 ,x is only a hap-haz>d sort ( orator :o does n "k h[ to atta91 at ! outset1 :at is call$ ! :ite voice1 to be color$ aft]w>d at w4 ,! voice %\ld resemble ! pa9t]'s pallet1 :]e all ! colors are arrang$ 9 an ord]ly mann]1 accord+ to ! aff9ities ( ea*4 ,a colorless t9t may be atta9$ 9 ! same way z a pure t9t4 ,x may be well to rem>k "h1 al?\gh by anticipation1 t ! expressions ( ! h& & br[ belong to ! voice4 ,! color+ ( ! l>ynx corresponds to ! movem5ts ( ! h& or br[s4 ,s\nd is pa9t+1 or x is no?+4 ,x %\ld be 9 aff9ity ) ! subject4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,int5sity ( ,s\nd4 ,:at is ,und]/ood by ,int5sity ( ,s\nd4 ,! voice has ?ree dim5sions--height1 dep? & bread?2 9 o!r t]ms1 diapason1 int5sity & duration2 or 9 yet o!r words1 tonality1 timbre & succession4 ,int5sity may be appli$ alike to ! voice & to s\nd4 ,! voice is /rong or weak1 accord+ to ! me*anism ( ! ac\/ic app>atus4 ,! /r5g? or weakness ( s\nd dep5ds ^u ! speak]1 :o f ! same app>atus evolves tones m or less /rong4 ,x is ! =te1 piano & pianissimo 9 music4 ,?us a l\d voice c r5d] weak tones1 & a weak voice l\d tones4 ,h5ce ! tones ( bo? are capable ( increase or dim9ution4 ,means ( ,augm5t+ ! ,timbre ( ! ,voice4 #a4 ,a /rong] voice may be obta9$ by tak+ position n ^u ! heel or flat ( ! foot1 b ^u ! ball ne> ! toes--t attitude :i* fur!r on we %all designate z ! ?ird4 ,! *e/ is ecc5tric2 t is1 convex & dilat$4 ,9 ?is position all ! muscles are t5se & resemble ! *ords ( an in/rum5t ^: resonance is proportional to _! t5sion4 #b4 ,!re are ?ree modes ( develop+ ! voice4 ,a voice may be manufactur$4 ,a natural voice is almo/ always m or less *ang$ by a ?\s& delet]i\s influ5ces4 #a4 ,9 volume1 by l[]+ ! l>ynx1 elevat+ ! s(t-palate & holl[+ ! tongue4 #b4 ,9 int5sity4--,a l\d voice may be holl[4 ,x mu/ be r5d]$ deep1 =cible & brilliant by ^! ?ree me?ods3 pr(\nd inspiration1 explosion & expulsion4 ,! int5sity ( an effect may dep5d ^u expulsion or an ela/ic movem5t4 ,t5uity is ela/icity4 ,x is ! r>e/ & yet ! mo/ ess5tial quality ( diction4 #c4 ,9 compass4--,!re are ?ree ways ( increas+ ! compass ( ! voice3 #a4 ,by ! det]m9ation ( its pit*2 #b4 ,by practic+ ! vocal scale2 #c4 ,by ! fusion ( ! regi/]s ^u ! key-note4 ,! fir/ ( ^! me?ods is mo/ effective4 ,! second consi/s 9 ex]cis+ ^u ^? notes :i* are ne> ! key-note4 ,^u ?is ex]cise dep5ds 9 great measure ! homog5eity ( ! voice4 ,tak+ la = ! diapason1 ! voice :i* ext5ds f ! l[e/ notes to upp] re is ! *e/-voice1 s9ce x suff]s no ac\/ic modification4 ,f mi to la ! voice is modifi$2 x is ! m$ium voice1 or ! second regi/]1 :i* gives full & supple tones4 ,! head or ?roat-voice1 or ! ?ird regi/]1 ext5ds f si to ! highe/ & %>pe/ notes4 ,its tones are weak1 & %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible4 ,!re are !n only f\r good notes--^? f mi to la1 ^u :i* ! voice %\ld be ex]cis$4 ,by unit+ ! regi/]s1 an artificial1 homog5e\s voice may be creat$1 ^: tones are produc$ )\t compression & )\t difficulty4 ,?is be+ done1 x is evid5t t e note ( ! voice mu/ successively indicate ! ?ree regi/]s--t is1 x mu/ be r5d]$ 9 ! *e/1 m$ium & head voices4 ,!re is also a me?od ( dim9i%+ ! voice4 ,z ! tone is 9 proportion to ! volume ( air 9 ! lungs1 x may be weak5$ by contract+ ! epiglottis or by suppress+ ! respiration4 ,rules = ,int5sity ( ,s\nd4 #a4 ,! /r5g? ( ! voice is 9 an inv]se ratio to ! respiration4 ,! m we are mov$1 ! less l\dly we speak2 ! less ! emotion1 ! /rong] ! voice4 ,9 emotion1 ! he>t seems to m\nt to ! l>ynx1 & ! voice is /ifl$4 ,a s(t tone %\ld always be an affect+ tone1 & consi/ only ( a brea?4 ,=ce is always oppos$ to p[]4 ,x is an error to suppose t ! voice mu/ be increas$ z ! he>t is laid b>e4 ,! l[e/ tones are ! be/ und]/ood4 ,if we w\ld make a l[ voice audible1 let u speak z s(tly z we c4 ,g to ! sea-%ore :5 ! tempe/ rages4 ,! ro> ( ! waves z !y break aga9/ ! vessel's side1 ! mutt]+ ?und]s1 ! furi\s w9d-gu/s r5d] ! /ronge/ voice impot5t4 ,g ^u a battle-field :5 drums beat & trumpets s\nd4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is upro>1 ^! discordant cries1 ?is tumult ( oppos+ armies1 ! lead]'s comm&s1 ?\gh utt]$ 9 ! l\de/ tones1 c sc>ce be he>d2 b a l[ :i/le w be di/9ctly audible4 ,! voice is int5se 9 s]5ity & calm1 b 9 passion x is weak4 ,let ^? :o w\ld br+ =w>d subtle argum5ts aga9/ ?is law1 rememb] t logic is (t5 9 default :5 appli$ to arti/ic facts4 ,a conc]t is giv5 9 a contract$ space1 ) an or*e/ra & a d\ble-bass4 ,! d\ble-bass is v weak4 ,logic w\ld sugge/ two d\ble-basses 9 ord] to produce a /rong] tone4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,two d\ble-basses give only a semitone1 :i* half a d\ble-bass r5d]s ( itself4 ,s mu* = logic 9 ?is case4 ,! greate/ joy is 9 sorr[1 = "h !re is ! greate/ love4 ,o!r joys are only on ! surface4 ,we suff] & we weep because we love4 ,( :at avail are te>s8 ,! ess5tial ?+ is to love4 ,te>s are ! accessories2 !y w come 9 "t1 !y ne$ n be s\ght4 ,no?+ s we>ies & disgu/s u1 z ! la*rymose tone4 ,a man :o am\nts to any?+ is nev] a :imp]]4 ,take two in/rum5ts 9 discord & remote f ea* o!r4 ,logic =bids _! approa* le/ _! tones become m disagreeable4 ,! rev]se is true4 ,9 br++ !m toge!r1 ! l[e/ becomes high] & ! highe/ l[]1 & !re is an accord4 ,let u suppose a hall ) tape/ries1 a *ur* drap$ 9 black4 ,logic says1 s+ m l\dly4 ,b ?is mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/ le/ ! voice become lo/ 9 ! drap]ies4 ,! voice %\ld sc>ce rea* ^! too heavy or too sonor\s p>titions1 b leav+ ! lips s(tly1 x %\ld pulsate ?r\gh ! audi5ce1 & g no f>!r4 ,an audi5ce is asleep4 ,logic dem&s m w>m?1 m fire4 ,n at all4 ,keep sil5t & ! sleep]s w awak54 #b4 ,s\nd1 not)/&+ its _m %ades1 %\ld be homog5e\s2 t is1 z full at ! end z at ! beg9n+4 ,! muc\s membrane1 ! lungs & ! expiratory muscles h sole *>ge ( its transmission4 ,! vocal tube mu/ n v>y any m = ! l\d tone ?an = ! l[ tone4 ,! op5+ mu/ be ! same4 ,! l[ tone mu/ h ! p[] ( ! l\d tone1 s9ce x is to be equally und]/ood4 ,! ac\/ic organs %\ld h no?+ to d ) ! transmission ( s\nd4 ,!y mu/ be in]t s t ! tone may be homog5e\s4 ,! speak] or s+] %\ld "k h[ to dim9i% ! tone )\t ! contraction ( ! back "p ( ! m\?4 ,to be homog5e\s ! voice mu/ be ample4 ,to r5d] x ample1 take high r ?an l[ notes4 ,! dip?ong eu 7l u 9 muff71 & ! v[els u & o give amplitude to s\nd4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! tone is meagre 9 articulat+ ! v[els e1 i & a4 ,to r5d] ! voice ample1 we op5 ! ?roat & roll =? ! s\nd4 ,! m ! s\nd is circumvolut$1 ! m ample x is4 ,to r5d] ! voice resonant1 we draw ! tongue f ! tee? & give x a holl[ =m2 !n we l[] ! l>ynx1 & 9 ?is way imitate ! ,fr5* horn4 #c4 ,! voice %\ld always be sympa!tic1 k9dly1 calm1 & noble1 ev5 :5 ! mo/ repulsive ?+s are express$4 ,a te>ful voice is a grave defect1 & mu/ be avoid$4 ,! same may be said ( ! tremul\s voice ( ! ag$1 :o emphasize & prolong _! syllables4 ,te>s are out ( place 9 great situations2 we %\ld weep only at home4 ,to weep is a sure way ( mak+ p laugh4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,voice 9 ,relation to ,measure4 ,( ,sl[ness & ,rapidity 9 ,oratorical ,deliv]y4 ,! ?ird & la/ relation 9 :i* we %all /udy voice1 is its bread?1 t is1 ! measure or rhy?m ( its tones4 ,! object ( measure 9 oratorical diction is to regulate ! int]val ( s\nds4 ,b ! l5g? ( ! int]val betwe5 "o s\nd & ano!r is subject to ! laws ( sl[ness & rapidity1 respiration1 sil5ce & inflection4 ,let u fir/ consid] sl[ness & rapidity1 & ! rules :i* gov]n !m4 #a4 ,a ha/y deliv]y is by no means a pro( ( animation1 w>m?1 fire1 passion or emotion 9 ! orator2 h5ce 9 deliv]y1 z 9 tone1 ha/e is 9 an inv]se ratio to emotion4 ,we d n glide lightly ov] a belov$ subject2 a prolongation ( tones is ! complaisance ( love4 ,precipitation awak5s suspicions ( he>tlessness2 x also injures ! effect ( ! disc\rse4 ,a tea*] ) too mu* facility or volubility puts 8 pupils to sleep1 because he leaves !m no?+ to d1 & !y d n und]/& 8 mean+4 ,b let ! tea*] *oose 8 words c>efully1 & e pupil w want to sugge/ "s idea2 all w "w4 ,9 applaud+ an orator we usually applaud ourselves4 ,he says :at we 7 j ready to say2 we seem to h sugge/$ ! idea4 ,x is sup]flu\s to rem>k t sl[ness )\t ge/ure1 & especially )\t facial expression1 w\ld be intol]able4 ,a tone mu/ always be reproduc$ ) an expression ( ! face4 #b4 ,! voice mu/ n be j]ky4 ,"h we mu/ keep jeal\s wat* ov] ourselves4 ,! entire int]e/ ( diction arises f a fusion ( tones4 ,! tones ( ! voice are s5ti5t be+s1 :o love1 hold conv]se1 foll[ ea* o!r & bl5d 9 a h>moni\s union4 #c4 ,x is nev] necess>y to dwell ^u ! s\nd we h j left2 ?is w\ld be to fall into t j]ky tone we wi% to avoid4 ,( ,respiration & ,sil5ce4 ,we place respiration & sil5ce "u ! same head because ( _! aff9ity1 = respiration may (t5 be acc\nt$ sil5ce4 ,( sil5ce4--,sil5ce is ! fa!r ( spee*1 & mu/ ju/ify x4 ,e ^w :i* does n proce$ f sil5ce & f9d its v9dication 9 sil5ce1 is a spuri\s ^w )\t claim or title to our reg>d4 ,orig9 is ! /amp1 9 virtue ( :i* we recognize ! intr9sic value ( ?+s4 ,let u1 !n1 seek 9 sil5ce ! suffici5t reason ( spee*1 & rememb] t ! m enlight5$ ! m9d is1 ! m concise is ! spee* t proce$s f x4 ,let u assume1 !n1 t ?is concis5ess keeps pace ) ! elevation ( ! m9d1 & t :5 ! m9d arrives at ! p]ception ( ! true light1 f9d+ no words t c portray ! glories op5 to its view1 x keeps sil5t & admires4 ,x is ?r\gh sil5ce t ! m9d rises to p]fection1 = sil5ce is ! spee* ( ,god4 ,ap>t f ?is consid]ation1 sil5ce recomm5ds itself z a p[]ful ag5t 9 oratorical effects4 ,by sil5ce ! orator ar\ses ! att5tion ( 8 audi5ce1 & (t5 deeply moves _! he>ts4 ,:5 ,pet] ,*rysologue1 9 8 fam\s homily ^u ! gospel miracle ( ! heal+ ( ! issue ( blood1 ov]come by emotion1 paus$ sudd5ly & rema9$ sil5t1 all pres5t imm$iately bur/ into sobs4 ,fur!rmore1 sil5ce gives ! orator "t & lib]ty to judge ( 8 position4 ,an orator %\ld nev] speak )\t hav+ ?\ght1 reflect$ & arrang$ 8 ideas4 ,be=e speak+ he %\ld decide ^u 8 /&-po9t1 & see cle>ly :at he proposes to d4 ,ev5 a fable may be relat$ f _m po9ts ( view2 f t ( expression z well z ge/ure1 f t ( inflection z well z articulate spee*4 ,all mu/ be br\ght back to a sc5e 9 real life1 to "o /&-po9t1 & ! orator mu/ create = himself1 9 "s sort1 ! role ( spectator4 ,sil5ce gives ge/ure "t to conc5trate1 & d good execution4 ,"o s+le rule applies to sil5ce3 ,:]ev] !re is ellipsis1 !re is sil5ce4 ,h5ce ! int]jection & conjunction1 :i* are ess5tially elliptic1 mu/ always be foll[$ by a sil5ce4 ,respiration4--,= ! act ( respiration1 ?ree movem5ts are necess>y3 inspiration1 susp5sion & expiration4 ,its importance4--,respiration is a fai?ful r5d]+ ( emotion4 ,= example3 ,he :o reigns 9 ! skies4 ,"h is a proposition :i* ! compos$ orator w /ate 9 a brea?4 ,b %\ld he wi% to prove 8 emotion1 he inspires aft] e ^w4 ,he--:o--reigns--9--!--skies4 ,multipli$ inspirations c be tol]at$ on ! /r5g? ( emotion1 b !y %\ld be made z effective z possible4 ,inspiration is all[able3-- #a4 ,aft] all words prec$$ or foll[$ by an ellipse2 #b4 ,aft] words us$ 9 apo/rophe1 z ,monsieur1 ,madame2 #c4 ,aft] conjunctions & int]jections :5 !re is sil5ce2 #d4 ,aft] all transpositions2 = example3 ,to live1 "o mu/ "w4 ,"h ! preposition to takes ! value ( its natural antec$5t1 "w2 t is to say1 six degrees1 s9ce by inv]sion x prec$es x1 & ! ge/ure ( ! s5t5ce be>s :olly on ! preposition2 #e4 ,be=e & aft] incid5tal phrases2 #f4 ,:]ev] we wi% to indicate an emotion4 ,to facilitate respiration1 /& on tip-toe & exp& ! *e/4 ,inspiration is a sign ( grief2 expiration is a sign ( t5d]ness4 ,sorr[ is inspiratory2 happ9ess1 expiratory4 ,! inspiratory act expresses sorr[1 dissimulation4 ,! expiratory act expresses love1 expansion1 sympa?y4 ,! susp5sory act expresses retic5ce & disquietude4 ,a *ild :o has j be5 correct$ des]v$ly1 & :o recognizes 8 fault1 expires4 ,ano!r correct$ unju/ly1 & :o feels m grief ?an love1 inspires4 ,inspiration is usually regulat$ by ! signs ( punctuation1 :i* h be5 inv5t$ solely to give m exactness to ! v>iety ( s\nds4 ,inflections4 ,_! importance4--,s\nd1 we h said1 is ! language ( man 9 ! s5sitive /ate4 ,we call inflections ! modifications :i* affect ! voice 9 r5d]+ ! emotions ( ! s5ses4 ,! tones ( ! voice mu/ v>y ) ! s5sations1 ea* ( :i* %\ld h its note4 ,( :at use to man w\ld be a phonetic app>atus always r5d]+ ! same s\nd8 ,deliv]y is a sort ( music ^: excell5ce consi/s 9 a v>iety ( tones :i* rise or fall accord+ to ! ?+s !y h to express4 ,beautiful b uni=m voices resemble f9e bells ^: tone is sweet & cle>1 full & agreeable1 b :i* are1 aft] all1 bells1 signify+ no?+1 devoid ( h>mony & consequ5tly )\t v>iety4 ,to employ always ! same action & ! same tone ( voice1 is l giv+ ! same rem$y = all diseases4 ,ennui 0 born "o day f monotony1 says ! fable4 ,man has receiv$ f ,god ! privilege ( reveal+ ! inmo/ affections ( 8 be+ ?r\gh ! ?\s& inflections ( 8 voice4 ,man's lea/ impressions are convey$ by signs :i* reveal h>mony1 & :i* are n ! products ( *ance4 ,a sov]eign wisdom gov]ns ^! signs4 ,) ! infant 9 its cradle ! signs ( s5sibility are brok5 cries4 ,_! acut5ess1 _! asc5d+ =m1 indicate ! weakness1 & physical sorr[ ( man4 ,:5 ! *ild recognizes ! t5d] c>es ( its "m1 its voice becomes less %rill & brok52 its tones h a less acute range1 & are m pois$ & ev54 ,! l>ynx1 :i* is v impressionable & ! !rmomet] ( ! s5sitive life1 becomes modifi$1 & produces s\nds & inflections 9 p]fect unison ) ! s5tim5ts !y convey4 ,all ?is1 :i* man expresses 9 an imitative fa%ion1 is numb]$1 weigh$ & measur$1 & =ms an admirable h>mony4 ,?is language ?r\gh ! l>ynx is univ]sal1 & common to all s5sitive be+s4 ,x is univ]sal ) animals z ) man4 ,animals give ! id5tical s\nds 9 simil> positions4 ,! infant1 delight$ at be+ m\nt$ on a table1 & call+ 8 "m to admire him1 rises to ! f\r? note ( ! scale4 ,if 8 delight becomes m lively1 to ! six?2 if ! "m is less pleas$ ?an he w\ld h h]1 he asc5ds to ! ?ird m9or to express 8 displeasure4 ,quietude is express$ by ! f\r? note4 ,e situation has its int]val1 its correspond+ inflection1 its correspond+ note3 ?is is a ma!matical language4 ,:y ?is magnific5t conc]t ,god has arrang$ 9 our mid/ if x has no auditors8 ,if ,god _h made u only intellig5t be+s1 he w\ld h giv5 u spee* alone & )\t inflections4 ,let u fur!r illu/rate ! role ( inflection4 ,a fa!r receives a picture f 8 daught]4 ,he expresses 8 gratitude by a fall+ inflection3 ,ah well6 ! de> *ild4 ,! picture comes f a /rang] :om he does n "k z a pa9t]2 he w say1 ,well n[6 :y does he s5d me ?is8 rais+ 8 voice4 ,if he does n "k f :om ! picture comes1 8 voice w nei!r rise nor fall2 he w say1 ,well6 well6 well6 ,let u suppose t 8 daught] is ! pa9t]4 ,%e has execut$ a ma/]piece4 ,a/oni%$ at ! *>m ( ?is "w & at ! same "t grateful1 8 voice w h bo? inflections4 ,if surprise pr$om9ates ov] love ! ris+ inflection w pr$om9ate4 ,if love & surprise are equal1 he w simply say1 ,well n[6 ,kan 9 ,*9ese signifies at ! same "t ! ro( ( a h\se1 a cell>1 well1 *amb]1 b$--! inflection alone det]m9es ! mean+4 ,ro( is express$ by ! fall+1 cell> by ! ris+ inflection4 ,! ,*9ese note accurately ! dep? & acut5ess ( s\nd1 its int]vals & its int5sity4 ,we c say3 ,x is pretty1 ?is little dog6 9 #fge diff]5t ways4 ,"s "o w\ld d x h>m4 ,we say3 ,?is little dog is pretty1 d n h>m x6 ,x is pretty because x is s little4 ,if x is a mis*iev\s or vici\s dog1 we use pretty 9 an ironical s5se4 ,?is dog has bitt5 my h&4 ,x is a pretty dog inde$6 etc4 ,rules ( ,inflection4 #a4 ,inflections are =m$ by an upw>d or d[nw>d slide ( ! voice1 or ! voice rema9s 9 monotone4 ,inflections are1 !n1 ecc5tric1 conc5tric & normal4 #b4 ,! voice rises 9 exaltation1 a/oni%m5t1 & conflict4 #c4 ,! voice falls 9 affirmation1 affection & dejection4 #d4 ,x nei!r rises nor falls 9 hesitation4 #e4 ,int]rogation is express$ by ! ris+ inflection :5 we d n "k :at we ask2 by ! fall+1 :5 we d n q "k :at we ask4 ,= in/ance1 a p]son asks tid+s ( 8 fri5d's heal?1 aw>e or unaw>e t he is no bett]4 #f4 ,musical tones %\ld be giv5 to ?+s t are pleas+4 ,c\rti]s give musical inflections to ! words !y address to royalty4 #g4 ,e manife/ation ( life is a song2 e s\nd is a song4 ,b inflections mu/ n be multipli$1 le/ deliv]y deg5]ate into a p]petual s+-song4 ,! effect lies entirely 9 reproduc+ ! same inflection4 ,a drop ( wat] fall+ con/antly1 holl[s a rock4 ,a m$iocre man w employ tw5ty or ?irty tones4 ,m$iocrity is n ! too little1 b ! too mu*4 ,! art ( mak+ a pr(\nd impression is to cond5se2 ! highe/ art w\ld be to cond5se a :ole sc5e into "o inflection4 ,m$iocre speak]s are always seek+ to enri* _! inflections2 !y t\* at e range1 & lose !mselves 9 a multitude ( intangible effects4 #h4 ,9 real art x is n always necess>y to fall back ^u logic4 ,! reason ne$s illum9ation f nature1 z ! eye1 9 ord] to see1 ne$s light4 ,reason may be 9 contradiction to nature4 ,= in/ance1 a half-fami%$ hunt]1 9 sight ( a good d9n]1 w\ld say3 ,i am hungry emphasiz+ hungry1 :ile reason w\ld say t am mu/ be emphasiz$4 ,a hungry paup] w\ld say3 ,i am hungry1 dwell+ ^u am & glid+ ov] hungry4 ,if he 7 n hungry1 or wi%$ to deceive1 he w\ld dwell ^u hungry4 ,special ,inflections4 ,among ! special inflections we may reckon3-- #a4 ,exclamations4--,abrupt1 l\d1 impassion$ s\nds1 & improvisations4 #b4 ,cries4--,^! are prolong$ exclamations call$ =? by a lively s5tim5t ( "s duration1 z acute suff]+1 joy or t]ror4 ,!y are =m$ by ! s\nd a4 ,9 viol5t pa9 aris+ f a physical cause1 ! cries assume ?ree diff]5t tones3 "o grave1 ano!r acute1 ! la/ be+ ! l[e/1 & we pass f "o to ! o!r 9 a *romatic ord]4 ,!re are appeal+ cries :i* ask aid 9 p]il4 ,^! cries are =m$ by ! s\nds e & o4 ,!y are sl[] ?an ! prec$+1 b m acute & ( great] int5sity4 #c4 ,groans4--,"h ! voice is pla9tive1 pitiful1 & =m$ by two successive tones1 ! "o %>p1 ! f9al "o deep4 ,its monotony1 ! con/ant recurr5ce ( ! same inflection1 give x a rem>kable expression4 #d4 ,lam5tation is produc$ by a voice l\d1 pla9tive1 despair+ & ob/9ate1 indicat+ a he>t :i* c nei!r conta9 nor re/ra9 itself4 #e4 ,! sob is an un9t]rupt$ succession ( s\nds produc$ by slight1 cont9u\s inspirations1 9 "s sort convulsive1 & end+ 9 a long1 viol5t inspiration4 #f4 ,! sigh is a weak l[ tone produc$ by a quick expiration foll[$ by a sl[ & deep inspiration4 #g4 ,! laugh is compos$ ( a succession ( l\d1 quick1 monoton\s s\nds =m$ by an un9t]rupt$ s]ies ( slight expirations1 rapid & some:at convulsive1 ( a tone m or less acute & prolong$1 & produc$ by a deep inspiration4 #h4 ,s++ is ! voice modulat$ or compos$ ( a s]ies ( appreciable tones4 ,"p ,second4 ,ge/ure4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,ge/ure 9 ,g5]al4 ,human ^w is compos$ ( ?ree languages4 ,man says :at he feels by inflections ( ! voice1 :at he loves by ge/ure1 :at he ?9ks by articulate spee*4 ,! *ild beg9s ) feel+2 !n he loves1 & lat]1 he reasons4 ,:ile ! *ild only feels1 cries suffice him2 :5 he loves1 he ne$s ge/ures2 :5 he reasons1 he mu/ h articulate language4 ,! inflections ( ! voice are = s5sations1 ge/ure is = s5tim5ts2 ! buccal app>atus is = ! expression ( ideas4 ,ge/ure1 !n1 is ! bond ( union betwe5 inflection & ?\ght4 ,s9ce ge/ure1 9 g5ealogical ord]1 holds ! second rank 9 human languages1 we %all res]ve = x t place 9 ! s]ies ( our oratorical /udies4 ,we are ent]+ ^u a subject full ( importance & int]e/4 ,we purpose to r5d] famili> ! he>t language1 ! expression ( love4 ,we le>n dead languages & liv+ languages3 ,greek1 ,lat91 ,g]man1 ,engli%4 ,is x well to "k conv5tional idioms1 & to ignore ! language ( nature8 ,! body ne$s education z well z ! m9d4 ,?is is no trivial "w4 ,let x be judg$ by ! /eps ( ! ideal ladd] we mu/ scale be=e rea*+ ! p]fection ( ge/ure4 ,obs]ve ! ways ( labor+ m54 ,_! movem5ts are awkw>d1 ! jo9ts d n play4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep4 ,at a m advanc$ /age1 ! %\ld]s play )\t ! head4 ,! individual turns ar\nd ) a great impulse f ! %\ld]s1 ) ! leg rais$1 b ! h& & ! re/ ( ! body rema9 in]t4 ,!n come ! elb[s1 b )\t ! h&4 ,lat] come ! wri/-jo9t & ! torso4 ,) ?is movem5t ( ! wri/1 ! face becomes mobiliz$1 = !re is great aff9ity betwe5 ^! two ag5ts4 ,! face & h& =m a mo/ int]e/+ unity4 ,f9ally1 f ! wri/1 ! articulation passes to ! f+]s1 & "h is imitative p]fection4 ,if we w\ld speak our language eloqu5tly1 we mu/ n be beguil$ into any patois ( ge/ure4 ,ge/ure mu/ be /udi$ 9 ord] to r5d] x faultlessly elegant1 b 9 su* a ?or\gh way z n to seem /udi$4 ,x has /ill high] claims to our reg>d 9 view ( ! s]vices x has r5d]$ to humanity4 ,?anks to ?is language ( ! he>t1 ?\s&s ( deaf-mutes are enabl$ to endure _! affliction1 & to %>e our social pleasures4 ,bless$ be ! ,abbe de l',epee1 :o1 by unit+ ! sci5ce ( ge/ure to ! conv5tional signs ( dactyology1 has made ! deaf he> & ! dumb speak6 ,?is b5efic5t inv5tion has made ge/ure 9 a tw(old mann]1 ! language ( ! he>t4 ,ge/ure is an important z well z int]e/+ /udy4 ,h[ beautiful x is to see ! ?\s& pieces ( ! myological app>atus set 9 motion & propell$ by ?is gr& motor feel+6 ,!re surely is a joy 9 kn[+ h[ to appreciate an image ( ,*ri/ on ! cross1 9 und]/&+ ! attitudes ( ,fai?1 ,hope & ,*>ity4 ,we c note a "m's affection by ! way %e holds h] *ild 9 h] arms4 ,we c judge ( ! s9c]ity ( ! fri5d :o grasps our h&4 ,if he holds ! ?umb inw>d & p5dant1 x is a fatal sign2 we no long] tru/ him4 ,to pray ) ! ?umbs inw>d & sway+ to & fro1 indicates a lack ( sacr$ f]vor4 ,x is a corpse :o prays4 ,if y pray ) ! arms ext5d$ & ! f+]s b5t1 !re is reason to fe> t y adore ,plutus4 ,if y embrace me )\t elevat+ ! %\ld]s1 y are a ,judas4 ,:at c y d 9 a museum1 if y h n acquir$1 if y d n wi% to acquire ! sci5ce ( ge/ure8 ,h[ c y rightly appreciate ! beauty ( ! /atue ( ,ant9\s8 ,h[ c y note a fault 9 ,raphael's picture ( ,moses mak+ wat] gu% f ! rock8 ,h[ see t he has =gott5 to h ! ,israelites raise _! %\ld]s1 z !y /& rapt 9 admiration ( ! miracle8 ,"o v]s$ 9 ! sci5ce ( ge/ure1 z he passes be=e ! ,sa9t ,mi*ael ,f\nta91 mu/ confess t ! /atue ( ! ar*angel ) its p>allel l9es1 is little bett] ?an ! dragon at 8 feet4 ,9 view ( ! importance & int]e/ ( ! language ( ge/ure1 we %all /udy x ?or\ghly 9 ! second book ( our c\rse4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,def9ition & ,division ( ,ge/ure4 ,ge/ure is ! direct ag5t ( ! he>t1 ! int]pret] ( spee*4 ,x is elliptical disc\rse4 ,ea* "p ( ?is def9ition may be easily ju/ifi$4 #a4 ,ge/ure is ! ,direct ,ag5t ( ! ,he>t4--,look at an infant4 ,= "s "t he manife/s 8 joy or sorr[ ?r\gh cries2 b ^! are n ge/ure4 ,:5 he comes to "k ! cause ( 8 joy or sorr[1 s5tim5t awak5s1 8 he>t op5s to love or hatr$1 & he expresses 8 new emotion n by cries alone1 nor yet by spee*2 he smiles ^u 8 "m1 & 8 fir/ ge/ure is a smile4 ,be+s end[$ only ) ! s5sitive life1 h no smile2 animals d n laugh4 ,?is m>vel\s correspond5ce ( ! organs ) ! s5tim5t arises f ! close union ( s\l & body4 ,! bra9 m9i/]s to ! op]ations ( ! s\l4 ,e s5tim5t mu/ h its e*o 9 ! bra91 9 ord] to be un]r+ly transmitt$ by ! organic app>atus4 ,ex visu cognoscitur vir4 7,! man is kn[n by 8 face47 ,! role ( dissimulation is a v difficult "o to su/a94 #b4 ,ge/ure is ! ,int]pret] ( ,spee*4--,ge/ure has be5 giv5 to man to reveal :at spee* is p[]less to express4 ,= example3 ,i love4 ,?is phrase says no?+ ( ! nature ( ! be+ lov$1 no?+ ( ! fa%ion 9 :i* "o loves4 ,ge/ure1 by a simple movem5t1 reveals all ?is1 & says x f> bett] ?an spee*1 :i* w\ld "k h[ to r5d] x only by _m successive words & phrases4 ,a ge/ure1 !n1 l a ray ( light1 c reflect all t passes 9 ! s\l4 ,h5ce1 if we desire t a ?+ %all be always rememb]$1 we mu/ n say x 9 words2 we mu/ let x be div9$1 reveal$ by ge/ure4 ,:]ev] an ellipse is supposable 9 a disc\rse1 ge/ure mu/ int]v5e to expla9 ?is ellipse4 #c4 ,ge/ure is an ,elliptical ,language4--,we call ellipse a hidd5 mean+ ^: revelation belongs to ge/ure4 ,a ge/ure mu/ correspond to e ellipse4 ,= example3 ,?is m$ley ( glory & ga9 vexes me4 ,if we attribute some?+ ignom9i\s or abject to ! ^w m$ley1 !re is an ellipse 9 ! phrase1 because ! ignom9y is impli$ r ?an express$4 ,ge/ure is !n necess>y "h to express ! value ( ! impli$ adjective1 ignom9i\s4 ,suppress ?is ellipse1 & ! ge/ure mu/ also be suppress$1 = ge/ure is n ! accompanim5t ( spee*4 ,x mu/ express ! idea bett] & 9 ano!r way1 else x w be only a pleonasm1 an aft] conception ( bad ta/e1 a h9drance r ?an an aid to intelligible expression4 ,division ( ,ge/ure4 ,e act1 ge/ure & movem5t has its rule1 its execution & its raison d'etre4 ,! imitative is also divid$ into ?ree p>ts3 ! /atic1 ! dynamic & ! semeiotic4 ,! /atic is ! base1 ! dynamic is ! c5tre1 & ! semeiotic ! summit4 ,! /atic is ! equipond]ation ( ! p[]s or ag5ts2 x corresponds to life4 ,! dynamic is ! =m ( movem5ts4 ,! dynamic is melodic1 h>monic & rhy?mic4 ,ge/ure is melodic by its =ms or its inflections4 ,to und]/& ge/ure "o mu/ /udy melody4 ,!re is great aff9ity betwe5 ! inflections ( ! voice & ge/ure4 ,all ! inflections ( ! voice are common to ge/ure4 ,! inflections ( ge/ure are oblique = ! life1 direct = ! s\l & circul> = ! m9d4 ,^! ?ree t]ms1 oblique1 direct & circul>1 correspond to ! ecc5tric1 normal & conc5tric /ates4 ,! movem5ts ( flection are direct1 ^? ( rotation1 circul>1 ^? ( abduction1 oblique4 ,ge/ure is h>monic ?r\gh ! multiplicity ( ! ag5ts :i* act 9 ! same mann]4 ,?is h>mony is f\nd$ ^u ! conv]g5ce or opposition ( ! movem5ts4 ,?us ! p]fect accord is ! consonance ( ! ?ree ag5ts1--head1 torso & limbs4 ,dissonance arises f ! div]g5ce ( "o ( ^! ag5ts4 ,f9ally1 ge/ure is rhy?mic because its movem5ts are subord9at$ to a giv5 measure4 ,! dynamic corresponds to ! s\l4 ,! semeiotic gives ! reason ( movem5ts1 & has = its object ! c>eful exam9ation ( inflections1 attitudes & types4 ,"u our fir/ head1 we treat ( ! /atic & ( ge/ure 9 g5]al2 "u our second1 ( ! dynamic1 & ( ge/ure 9 p>ticul>2 & f9ally1 "u our ?ird head1 ( ! semeiotic1 ) an exposition ( ! laws ( ge/ure4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,orig9 & ,oratorical ,value ( ,ge/ure4 ,orig94 ,! infant 9 ! cradle has nei!r spee* nor ge/ure3--he cries4 ,z he ga9s s5sibility 8 tones gr[ ri*]1 become inflections1 are multipli$ & atta9 ! numb] ( ?ree million special & di/9ct inflections4 ,! "y infant manife/s nei!r intellig5ce nor affection2 b he reveals 8 life by s\nds4 ,:5 he disc]ns ! s\rce ( 8 joys or suff]+s1 he loves1 & ge/iculates to repulse or to invite4 ,! ge/ures1 :i* are few at fir/1 become q num]\s4 ,x is ,god's art he foll[s2 he is an arti/ )\t kn[+ x4 ,oratorical ,value ( ,ge/ure4 ,! true aim ( art is to move1 to int]e/ & to p]suade4 ,emotion1 int]e/ & p]suasion are ! fir/ t]ms ( art4 ,emotion is express$ by ! voice1 by s\nds2 int]e/1 by language2 p]suasion is ! (fice ( ge/ure4 ,to inflection belongs emotion ?r\gh ! beautiful2 to logic1 int]e/ ?r\gh ! tru?2 to pla/ic art1 p]suasion ?r\gh ! good4 ,ge/ure is m ?an spee*4 ,x is n :at we say t p]suades1 b ! mann] ( say+ x4 ,! m9d c be int]e/$ by spee*1 x mu/ be p]suad$ by ge/ure4 ,if ! face be>s no sign ( p]suasion1 we d n p]suade4 ,:y at fir/ sight does a p]son awak5 our sympa?y or antipa?y8 ,we d n und]/& :y1 b x is by reason ( 8 ge/ures4 ,spee* is inf]ior to ge/ure1 because x corresponds to ! ph5om5a ( m9d2 ge/ure is ! ag5t ( ! he>t1 x is ! p]suasive ag5t4 ,articulate language is weak because x is successive4 ,x mu/ be enunciat$ phrase by phrase2 by words1 syllables1 lett]s1 consonants & v[els--& ^! d n end x4 ,t :i* dem&s a volume is utt]$ by a s+le ge/ure4 ,a hundr$ pages d n say :at a simple movem5t may express1 because ?is simple movem5t expresses our :ole be+4 ,ge/ure is ! direct ag5t ( ! s\l1 :ile language is analytic & successive4 ,! lead+ quality ( m9d is numb]2 x is to speculate1 to reckon1 :ile ge/ure grasps ev]y?+ by intuition1--s5tim5t z well z contemplation4 ,!re is some?+ m>vel\s 9 ?is language1 because x has relations ) ano!r sph]e2 x is ! _w ( grace4 ,an audi5ce mu/ n be suppos$ to resemble an individual4 ,a man ( ! greate/ intellig5ce f9d+ himself 9 an audi5ce1 is no long] himself4 ,an audi5ce is nev] intellig5t2 x is a multiple be+1 compos$ ( s5se & s5tim5t4 ,! great] ! numb]s1 ! less intellig5ce has to d4 ,to seek to act ^u an individual by ge/ure w\ld be absurd4 ,! rev]se is true ) an audi5ce2 x is p]suad$ n by reason+1 b by ge/ure4 ,!re is "h a curr5t none c control4 ,we applaud disagreeable ?+s 9 spite ( ourselves--?+s we %\ld condemn1 7 !y said to u 9 private4 ,! audi5ce is n compos$ ( intellectual p1 b ( p ) s5ses & he>ts4 ,z s5tim5t is ! highe/ ?+ 9 art1 x %\ld be appli$ to ge/ure4 ,if ! ge/ures are good1 ! mo/ wret*$ speak+ is tol]at$4 ,s mu* ! bett] if ! speak+ is good1 b ge/ure is ! all-important ?+4 ,ge/ure is sup]ior to ea* ( ! o!r languages1 because x embraces ! con/itu5t p>ts ( our be+4 ,ge/ure includes ev]y?+ )9 u4 ,s\nd is ! ge/ure ( ! vocal app>atus4 ,! consonants & v[els are ! ge/ure ( ! buccal app>atus1 & ge/ure1 prop]ly s call$1 is ! product ( ! myological app>atus4 ,x is n ideas t move ! masses2 x is ge/ures4 ,we easily rea* ! he>t & s\l ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,music acts especially on ! s5ses4 ,x purifies !m1 x gives intellig5ce to ! h&1 x disposes ! he>t to pray]4 ,! ?ree languages may ea* move1 int]e/ & p]suade4 ,language is a sort ( music :i* moves u ?r\gh vocal expression2 x is besides normal ?r\gh ! ge/ure ( articulation4 ,no language is exclusive4 ,all int]p5etrate & communicate _! action4 ,! action ( music is g5]al4 ,! m9d & ! life are active only = ! satisfaction ( ! he>t2 !n1 s9ce ! he>t controls all our actions1 ge/ure mu/ control all o!r languages4 ,ge/ure is magnetic1 spee* is n s4 ,?r\gh ge/ure we subdue ! mo/ f]oci\s animals4 ,! anci5ts 7 n ignorant ( ?is all-p[]ful empire ( ge/ure ov] an audi5ce4 ,!re=e1 sometimes to p>alyze1 sometimes to augm5t ?is magic p[]1 orators 7 oblig$ to cov] _! faces ) a mask1 :5 ab\t to speak 9 public4 ,! judges ( ! ,areopagus well knew ! p[] ( ge/ure1 & to avoid its s$uctions1 !y adopt$ ! res\rce ( he>+ pleas only 9 ! d>kness4 ,! sign ( ! cross made at ! op5+ ( a s]mon (t5 has great effect ^u good ,ca?olics4 ,let a prie/ ) 8 eyes conc5tric & introspective make delib]ately ! sign ( ! cross :ile solemnly utt]+ ^! words3 ,9-!-"n-(-!-,fa!r2 !n let 8 glance sweep ! audi5ce4 ,:at d !y ?9k ( him8 ,?is is no long] an ord9>y man2 he seems clo!d ) ! maje/y ( ,god1 ^: ord]s he has j receiv$1 & 9 ^: "n he br+s !m4 ,?is idea gives him /r5g? & assurance1 & 8 audi5ce respect & docility4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,laws ( ,ge/ure4 ,! /atic treats ( ! laws ( ge/ure :i* are six 9 numb]1 viz43 ,priority1 retroaction1 ! opposition ( ag5ts1 unity1 /ability & rhy?m4 ,! ,priority ( ,ge/ure to ,spee*4 ,ge/ure mu/ always prec$e spee*4 ,9 fact1 spee* is reflect$ expression4 ,x mu/ come aft] ge/ure1 :i* is p>allel ) ! impression receiv$4 ,nature incites a movem5t1 spee* names ?is movem5t4 ,spee* is only ! title1 ! label ( :at ge/ure has anticipat$4 ,spee* comes only to confirm :at ! audi5ce already compreh5d4 ,spee* is giv5 = nam+ ?+s4 ,ge/ure asks ! "q1 ,:at8 & spee* answ]s4 ,ge/ure aft] ! answ] w\ld be absurd4 ,let ! ^w come aft] ! ge/ure & !re w be no pleonasm4 ,priority ( ge/ure may be ?us expla9$3 ,fir/ a movem5t responds to ! s5sation2 !n a ge/ure1 :i* depicts ! emotion1 responds to ! imag9ation :i* colors ! s5sation4 ,!n comes ! judgm5t :i* approves4 ,f9ally1 we consid] ! audi5ce1 & ?is view ( ! audi5ce sugge/s ! appropriate expression = t :i* has already be5 express$ by ge/ure4 ,! basis ( ?is art is to make ! auditors div9e :at we w\ld h !m feel4 ,e speak] may *oose 8 own /&-po9t1 b ! ess5tial law is to anticipate1 to ju/ify spee* by ge/ure4 ,spee* is ! v]ifi] ( ! fact express$4 ,! ?+ may be express$ be=e ann\nc+ its "n4 ,sometimes we let ! auditors div9e r ?an anticipate1 gaz+ at !m 9 ord] to rivet _! att5tion4 ,eloqu5ce is compos$ ( _m ?+s :i* are n nam$1 b mu/ be nam$ by slight ge/ures4 ,9 ?is eloqu5ce consi/s4 ,?us a smack ( ! tongue1 a bl[ ^u ! h&1 an utt]ance ( ! v[el u z if "o w\ld remove a /a9 f 8 coat4 ,! writ] _c d all ?is4 ,! m]e r5dition ( ! writt5 disc\rse is no?+ = ! orator2 8 tal5t consi/s 9 tak+ advantage ( a great numb] ( little nameless s\nds4 ,a writt5 disc\rse mu/ conta9 =c$ epi!ts & adjectives to illu/rate ! subject4 ,9 a spok5 disc\rse a great numb] ( adjectives are worse ?an useless4 ,ge/ure & inflection ( ! voice supply _! place4 ,! s5se is n 9 ! words2 x is 9 inflection & ge/ure4 ,retroaction4 ,we h =mulat$ ?is g5]al law3 ,! ecc5tric1 normal & conc5tric expression mu/ correspond to ! s5sitive1 moral & intellectual /ate ( man4 ,:5 ge/ure is conc]n$1 ! law is ?us modifi$3 ,9 ! s5sitive /ate1 ! ge/ure1 :i* is naturally ecc5tric1 may become conc5tric1 z ! orator is passive or active4 ,he is passive :5 subject to any action :atev]1 :5 he depicts an emotion4 ,he is ag5t :5 he communicates to ! audi5ce ! expression ( 8 own w or p[]2 9 a ^w1 at all times :5 he controls 8 audi5ce4 ,:5 ! orator assumes ! passive role1 t is1 :5 he reflects1 he gazes ^u 8 audi5ce2 he makes a backw>d 7or conc5tric7 movem5t2 :5 he assumes ! active role1 he makes a =w>d 7or ecc5tric7 movem5t4 ,:5 "o speaks to o!rs1 he advances2 :5 "o speaks to himself1 he recoils a /ep1 8 ?\ght c5tres ^u himself4 ,9 ! passive /ate1 "o loves4 ,b :5 he loves1 he does n move =w>d4 ,a be+ :o feels1 draws back1 & contemplates ! object t[>d :i* ! h& ext5ds4 ,contemplation makes ! body retroact4 ,h5ce 9 ! passive /ate1 ! orator mu/ /ep backw>d4 ,9 ! opposite /ate he moves =w>d4 ,let u apply ?is law3 ,a sp5d?rift (fic] meets 8 l&lord1 :om he has n yet paid1 & greets him ) an--,ah1 good day1 sir6 ,:at w be 8 movem5t8 ,x mu/ be retroactive4 ,9 ! joy ( see+ a fri5d aga91 z also 9 fright1 we />t back f ! object lov$ or hat$4 ,su* is ! law ( nature1 & x _c be ignor$4 ,:5ce comes ?is law8 ,to behold a lov$ object fully1 we mu/ /ep back1 remove to "s little di/ance f x4 ,look at a pa9t] admir+ 8 "w4 ,x is retroaction at sight ( a belov$ p]son1 :i* has l$ to ! discov]y ( ! ph5om5a ( life1 to ?is triple /ate ( man :i* is f\nd 9 l mann]1 ev]y:]e3 ,conc5tric1 ecc5tric1 & normal4 ,! conc5tric is ! passive /ate1 = :5 "o exp]i5ces a deep emotion1 he mu/ retroact4 ,h5ce a demon/ration ( affection is n made ) a =w>d movem5t4 ,if s1 !re is no love4 ,expiration is ! sign ( him :o gives 8 he>t4 ,h5ce !re is joy & love4 ,9 inspiration !re is retroaction1 &1 9 "s sort1 di/ru/4 ,! h& ext5ds t[>d ! belov$ object2 if ! h& t5d t[>d itself1 a love ( self is indicat$4 ,love is express$ by a retroactive1 nev] by a =w>d movem5t4 ,9 portray+ ?is s5tim5t ! h& mu/ n be c>ri$ to ! he>t4 ,?is is nons5se2 x is an oratorical crime4 ,! h& mu/ t5d t[>d ! lov$ be+ to c>ess1 to grasp1 to reassure or to def5d4 ,! h& is c>ri$ to ! he>t only 9 case ( suff]+ !re4 ,take ?is passage f ,rac9e's ,ph$re3 ,dieu--que ne puis-je a l'ombre des =ets1 ,suivre de l'oeil un *> fuyant dans la c>ri]e-- 7,god--may ,i n1 ?r\gh ! dim =e/ %ades1 ,) my glance foll[ a fleet *>iot's c\rse47 ,"h ! actor does n foll[ affectionately1 b ) ! eye1 & !n by recoil+ & conc5trat+ 8 ?\ght ^u himself4 ,9 ! role ( ,emilie3 ,he may 9 fall+ cru% !e 'nea? 8 fall at sight ( h] cru%$ lov] ,emilie mu/ recoil 9 t]ror1 & n seem to add ! weight ( h] body to t :i* cru%es ! victim4 ,augu/us1 on ! contr>y1 may say3 ,i might 9 fall+ cru% !e 'nea? my fall1 paus+ ^u a =w>d movem5t1 because he is "h ! ag5t4 ,let u note 9 pass+ t ! passive attitude is ! type ( en]getic natures4 ,!y h some?+ 9 !mselves :i* suffices !m4 ,?is is a sort ( repose2 x is ela/icity4 ,opposition ( ,ag5ts4 ,! opposition ( ! ag5ts is ! h>mony ( ge/ure4 ,h>mony is born ( contra/s4 ,f opposition1 equilibrium is born 9 turn4 ,equilibrium is ! great law ( ge/ure1 & condemns p>allelism2 & ^! are ! laws ( equilibrium3 #a4 ,! =w>d incl9ation ( ! torso corresponds to ! movem5t ( ! leg 9 ! opposite direction4 #b4 ,:5 "o arm is add$ to ! weight ( ! already incl9$ torso1 ! o!r arm mu/ rise to =m a c\nt]poise4 #c4 ,9 gaz+ into a well1 ! two arms mu/ be drawn backw>d if ! body is equally support$ by ! two legs2 9 l mann] ! two arms may be c>ri$ 9 front if ! torso b5ds backw>d4 ,?is is all[able only 9 ! fir/ attitude ( ! base1 or 9 a simil> attitude4 ,! h>monic law ( ge/ure is ! /atic law p> excell5ce4 ,x is ( *ildlike simplicity4 ,we employ x 9 walk+2 also :5 we c>ry a weight 9 "o h&1 ! o!r rises4 ,! law consi/s 9 plac+ ! act+ lev]s 9 opposition1 & ?us realiz+ equilibrium4 ,all t is 9 equilibrium is h>moniz$4 ,all anci5t art is bas$ ^u ?is opposition ( lev]s4 ,mod]n art1 ) b few exceptions1 is q ! contr>y4 ,"h is an example ( ! obs]vance ( ?is rule3 ,if ! head & arms are 9 action1 ! head mu/ move 9 opposition to ! arms & ! h&4 ,if bo? move 9 ! same direction1 !re is a defect 9 equilibrium1 & awkw>dness results4 ,:5 ! arm rises to ! head1 ! head b5ds =w>d & meets x half-way4 ,! rev]se is true4 ,e movem5t 9 ! h& has its responsive movem5t 9 ! head4 ,if ! head advances1 ! h& )draws4 ,! movem5ts mu/ balance1 s t ! body may be 9 equilibrium & rema9 balanc$4 ,"h is ! diff]5ce betwe5 anci5t & mod]n art4 ,let u suppose a /atue ( ,corneille read+ 8 works4 ,to-day we %\ld pose x ) "o leg & arm advanc$4 ,?is is p>allelism4 ,=m]ly ! leg w\ld h be5 oppos$ to ?is movem5t ( ! arm1 because !re %\ld be "h ! expansion ( ! au?or t[>d 8 "w1 & ?is expansion results precisely f an opposition ( lev]s4 ,we "k ! anci5t gladiator2 we d exactly ! opposite f him 9 f5c+4 ,mod]n art makes ! man walk ) leg & arm p>allel4 ,anci5t art w\ld h ! leg oppos$ to ! arm4 ,x is ?r\gh opposition t ! smile expresses moral sadness4 ,?is law ( opposition mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ! same memb]4 ,= example1 ! h& %\ld be oppos$ to ! arm4 ,?us we h magnific5t sph]oidal movem5ts :i* are graceful & also h consid]able =ce4 ,?us all ! h>monies occur 9 "o same :ole1 9 "o same tru?4 ,9 a ^w1 all tru?s int]p5etrate1 & :5 a ?+ is true f "o po9t ( view1 x is s f all4 ,numb] ( ,ge/ures4 ,_m reasons g to prove t ge/ures ne$ n be multipli$3 ,a4--,we are mov$ by only "o s5tim5t at a "t2 h5ce x is useless to multiply ge/ures4 ,b4--,b "o ge/ure is ne$$ = ! expression ( an entire ?\ght2 s9ce x is n ! ^w b ! ?\ght t ! ge/ure mu/ ann\nce2 if x express$ only ! ^w1 x w\ld be trivial & mean1 & also prejudicial to ! effect ( ! phrase4 ,9 ^! phrases3 ,:at d y seek 9 ! _w1 happ9ess8 ,x is n !re1 t :i* fir/ /rikes u is ! abs5ce ( happ9ess4 ,ge/ure mu/ indicate x 9 advance1 & ?is %\ld be ! dom9at+ movem5t4 ,! intellig5t man makes few ge/ures4 ,to multiply ge/ures indicates a lack ( intellig5ce4 ,! face is ! !rmomet] ( intellig5ce4 ,let z mu* expression z possible be giv5 to ! face4 ,a ge/ure made by ! h& is wrong :5 n ju/ifi$ 9 advance by ! face4 ,intellig5ce is manife/$ by ! face4 ,:5 ! intellig5t man speaks1 he employs great movem5ts only :5 !y are ju/ifi$ by great exaltation ( s5tim5t2 &1 fur!rmore1 ^! s5tim5ts %\ld be /amp$ ^u 8 face4 ,)\t expression ( ! face1 all ge/ures resemble telegraphic movem5ts4 ,c4--,! repeat$ ext5sion ( ! arms d5otes b little intellig5ce1 little suppl5ess 9 ! wri/ & f+]s4 ,! movem5t ( a s+le f+] indicates great f9esse4 ,x is easy to di/+ui% ! man ( head1 he>t & actions4 ,! fir/ makes _m ge/ures ( ! head2 ! second _m ( ! %\ld]s2 ! la/ moves ! arms (t5 & inappropriately4 ,d4--,ge/ure is all[able only :5 an ellipse ( ! ^w or phrase admits ( an additional value4 ,e4--,effects mu/ n be multipli$2 ?is is an ess5tial precaution4 ,multipli$ movem5ts are detrim5tal :5 a grav] movem5t is await$4 ,f4--,! orator is free to *oose betwe5 ! role ( actor or t ( m]e spectator or n>rator4 ,nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r c be =c$ ^u him4 ,! actor's role arises n f intellig5ce b simply f in/9ct4 ,! actor id5tifies himself ) ! p]sonages he repres5ts4 ,he r5d]s all _! s5tim5ts4 ,?is role is ! mo/ p[]ful1 b1 be=e mak+ x ! object ( 8 *oice1 !re mu/ be sev]e /udy2 he mu/ n run ! risk ( frivolity4 ,we c dictate to ! prea*] & m>k out 8 pa?4 ,he mu/ n be an actor1 b a doctor4 ,h5ce 8 ge/ures mu/ nev] repres5t ! impressions ( ^? ( :om he speaks1 b 8 own4 ,h5ce he %\ld proportion ! numb] ( 8 ge/ures to ! numb] ( 8 s5tim5ts4 ,g4--,if ! orator w\ld speak to any purpose1 he mu/ br+ back 8 disc\rse to "s picture f nature1 "s sc5e f real life4 ,!re mu/ be unity 9 ev]y?+2 b a role may be cond5s$ 9 two or ?ree traits2 !re=e a great numb] ( ge/ures is n necess>y4 ,let x be c>efully not$3 ! expression ( ! face %\ld make ! ge/ure ( ! arms =gott54 ,"h ! tal5t ( ! orator %9es =?4 ,he mu/ captivate 8 public 9 su* a way t 8 arm ge/ures w be ignor$4 ,he mu/ s fasc9ate 8 auditors t !y _c ask ! reason ( ?is fasc9ation1 nor rem>k t he ge/iculates at all4 ,h4--,:]e !re are two ge/ures 9 ! same idea1 "o ( !m mu/ come be=e ! proposition1 ! o!r 9 its mid/4 ,if !re is b "o ge/ure & x prec$es ! proposition1 ! t]m to :i* x is appli$ mu/ be precisely indicat$4 ,= example3 ,w\ld he be s5sible to fri5d%ip8 ,al?\gh fri5d%ip may 9 "s degree be qualifi$ z ! indirect regim51 ge/ure %\ld portray x 9 all its attributes4 ,duration ( ,ge/ure4 ,! susp5sion or prolongation ( a movem5t is "o ( ! great s\rces ( effect4 ,x is 9 susp5sion t =ce & int]e/ consi/4 ,a good ?+ is wor? be+ kept 9 sight long en\gh to all[ an enjoym5t ( ! view4 ,! orator %\ld re/ ^u ! prec$+ ge/ure until a *ange is absolutely requir$4 ,a preoccupi$ man greets y ) a smile1 & aft] y h left1 he smiles on1 until some?+ else occurs to div]t 8 m9d4 ,! orator's ab/raction %\ld *ange ! face1 b n ! ge/ure4 ,if ! d\ble *ange takes place simultane\sly1 !re w be no unity4 ,! ge/ure %\ld be reta9$ & ! expression ( ! face *ang$4 ,a v>iety ( effects & inflections %\ld be avoid$4 ,:ile ! speak] is "u ! influ5ce ( ! same s5tim5t1 ! same inflection & ge/ure mu/ be reta9$1 s t !re may be unity ( /yle4 ,art proposes ?ree ?+s3 to move1 to int]e/1 to p]suade by unity ( inflection & ge/ure4 ,"o effect mu/ n de/roy ano!r4 ,div]g5ce confuses ! audi5ce1 & leaves no "t = s5tim5t4 ,x is well to rememb] t ! /one becomes holl[$ by ! incessant fall ( ! drop ( wat] 9 ! same place4 ,! ,rhy?m ( ,ge/ure4 ,ge/ure is at ! same "t melodic1 or r inflective1 h>monic & rhy?mic4 ,x mu/ embrace ! elem5ts ( music1 s9ce x corresponds to ! s\l2 x is ! language ( ! s\l1 & ! s\l necess>ily includes ! life ) its div]se me?ods ( expression1 & ! m9d4 ,ge/ure is melodic or inflective ?r\gh ! ri*ness ( its =ms1 h>monic ?r\gh ! multiplicity ( p>ts t unite simultane\sly to produce x4 ,ge/ure is rhy?mic ?r\gh its movem5t1 m or less sl[1 or m or less rapid4 ,ge/ure is1 !n1 inevitably syn!tic1 & consequ5tly h>monic2 = h>mony is b ano!r "n = syn!sis4 ,ea* ( ! inflective1 h>monic & rhy?mic modes has its peculi> law4 ,! rhy?mic law ( ge/ure is ?us =mulat$3 ,! rhy?m ( ge/ure is proportional to ! mass to be mov$4 ,! m an organ is re/ra9$1 ! m vehem5t is its impulse4 ,?is law is bas$ ^u ! vibration ( ! p5dulum4 ,great lev]s h sl[ movem5ts1 small ag5ts m rapid ones4 ,! head moves m rapidly :5 ! torso & ! eye h great facility ( motion4 ,?us ! titillations ( ! eye are rapid z lightn+4 ,?is titillation always ann\nces an emotion4 ,surprise is feign$ if !re is no titillation4 ,= example1 at ! unexpect$ visit ( a fri5d !re is a light+ up ( ! eye4 ,:]e=e8 ,because ! image is active 9 ! imag9ation4 ,?is is an image :i* passes )9 ourselves1 :i* lies 9 inw>d ph5om5a4 ,s 9 relation to mat]ial ph5om5a3 !re is a conv]g5ce1 a direction ( ! eyes t[>d ! object2 if ! object *anges place1 ! eyes _c modify _! mann] ( conv]g5ce2 !y mu/ close to f9d a new direction1 a conv]g5ce suit$ to ! di/ance ( ! object4 ,!re is nev] sympa!tic vision4 ,! ph5om5a ( ! imag9ation are 9 ! imag9ation at a fix$ di/ance4 ,:5 an image *anges place 9 ! idea1 x produces a titillation equal to t :i* w\ld be produc$ 9 ! ord] ( mat]ial ?+s4 ,= example1 let u quote ^! l9es3 ,at la/ ,i h him 9 my p[]1 ,?is fatal foe1 ?is haughty conqu]or6 ,?r\gh him my captives leave _! slav]y4 ,"h ! body mu/ be calm2 !re is a sort ( vehem5ce 9 ! eyes2 x w be less 9 ! head ?an 9 ! arms4 ,all ^! movem5ts are made1 b ! body rema9s firm4 ,g5]ally ! rev]se takes place2 ! :ole body is mov$2 b ?is is wrong4 ,9 ^! words3 ,:]e are !y1 ^! wret*es8 !re mu/ be great viol5ce 9 ! upp] "p ( ! body1 b ! /ep is v calm4 ,to affect a viol5t gait is an awkw>d habit4 ,a modifi$ sl[ness 9 ! small ag5ts creates emphasis2 if we give !m too great facility ( movem5t1 ! ge/ures become mean & wret*$4 ,rhy?m is 9 m>vel\s accord ) nature "u ! impulse ( ,god4 ,importance ( ! ,laws ( ,ge/ure4 ,we nev] really und]/& an au?or's mean+4 ,e "o is free to int]pret him accord+ to 8 individual in/9ct4 ,b we mu/ "k h[ to ju/ify 8 int]pretation by ge/ure4 ,pr9ciples mu/ aid u 9 *oos+ a po9t ( view 9 accordance ) 8 individual nature2 o!rwise incoh]5ce is inevitable4 ,h5ce rules are indisp5sable4 ,b :5 ! law is kn[n1 ea* applies x 9 accordance ) 8 own idea4 ,! au?or himself _c read )\t rules1 9 su* a mann] z to convey ! ideas he int5d$ to express4 ,only ?r\gh rules c we become free 9 our int]pretation2 we are n free )\t law1 = 9 ?is case we are subject to ! caprice ( "s ma/]4 ,! /ud5t ( oratory %\ld n be a s]vile copyi/4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( 8 effects1 he mu/ copy1 imitate & compose4 ,let him fir/ reproduce a fix$ model1 ! lesson ( ! ma/]4 ,?is is to copy4 ,let him !n reproduce ! lesson 9 ! abs5ce ( ! ma/]4 ,?is is to imitate4 ,f9ally1 let him reproduce a fugitive model4 ,?is is to compose4 ,?us to reproduce a lesson1 to give its analysis & syn!sis1 is to disjo9t1 to unite & to reunite2 ?is is ! progressive ord] ( "w4 ,! copy+ & imitative ex]cises %\ld be foll[$ by compositions1 apply+ ! pr9ciples already kn[n4 ,! orator may be all[$ play = 8 peculi> g5ius2 he may be sublime ev5 9 employ+ "s fooli% trick ( 8 art4 ,b :atev] he does1 he mu/ be guid$ by fix$ rules4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,ge/ure 9 ,p>ticul>4 ,! ,head4 ,! dynamic app>atus is compos$ ( ! head1 ! torso & ! limbs4 ,z 9 ! vocal app>atus1 we h ! lev]1 ! impell+ =ce1 & ! fulcrum4 ,! dynamic app>atus produces ge/ure1 :i* r5d]s ! moral or normal /ate2 z ! voice expresses inflection & reveals ! s5sitive /ate4 ,! head mu/ be /udi$ "u two relations3 z ! ag5t ( expression ?r\gh its movem5ts1 & z ! c5tre ( attraction2 t is1 ! po9t ( dep>ture or arrival = ! diff]5t ge/ures ( ! arm4 ,let u n[ apply ourselves to ! signification ( ! movem5ts ( ! head & eyes1 ! face & lips4 ,! ,movem5ts ( ! ,head4 ,!re are two sorts ( movem5ts ( ! head3 movem5ts ( attitude & fugitive movem5ts4 ,movem5ts ( ,attitude4--,! head has n9e prim>y attitudes1 f :i* _m o!rs proce$4 ,9 ! normal attitude1 ! head is nei!r high nor l[4 ,9 ! conc5tric attitude ! head is l[]$2 ?is is ! reflective /ate4 ,9 ! ecc5tric attitude ! head is elevat$2 ?is is ! vital /ate4 ,soldi]s & m5 ( robu/ physique c>ry ! head high4 ,"h are ?ree g5]a1 ea* ( :i* gives ?ree species4 ,! ,normal ,/ate4 ,:5 ! head is erect1 x is passive & neutral4 ,! head incl9+ lat]ally t[>d ! int]locutor indicates affection4 ,if 9 ! inv]se direction1 opposite ! int]locutor1 s5sualism is indicat$4 ,?is is 9 fact retroaction2 9 ! fir/ case we love ! s\l1 9 ! latt] ! =m4 ,! ,ecc5tric ,/ate4 ,if ! head b5ds backw>d x is ! passional or vehem5t /ate4 ,! head incl9$ t[>d ! int]locutor1 d5otes ab&on1 confid5ce4 ,! head turn$ away f ! int]locutor1 d5otes pride1 noble or base4 ,?is is a neutral expression :i* says some?+1 b n ! :ole4 ,! ,conc5tric ,/ate4 ,! head l[]$1 t is1 incl9$ =w>d1 d5otes ! reflective /ate4 ,if ! head incl9es t[>d ! int]locutor1 x is v5]ation1 an act ( fai? 9 ! object we love4 ,if ! head incl9es away f ! int]locutor1 x is /ratagem or suspicion4 ,all o!r attitudes ( ! head are modifications ( ^!4 ,^! n9e attitudes *>act]ize /ates1 t is1 s5tim5ts1 b s5tim5ts :i* are fugitive4 ,ei!r ( ^! attitudes may be affect$ until x becomes habitual4 ,b !re are movem5ts :i* _c be habitually affect$1 :i* c only modify types & attitudes ( ! inflections ( ! head4 ,^! are fugitive movem5ts4 ,!re are n9e inflections or fugitive movem5ts ( ! head3-- #a4 ,if a =w>d movem5t1 x ends 9 an upright "o1 ) elevat$ *91 & indicates int]rogation1 hope1 appellation1 desire4 #b4 ,! same movem5t ) ! *9 l[]$1 indicates d\bt1 resignation4 #c4 ,a nod ( ! head1 a =w>d movem5t1 means confirmation1 yes1 or well4 #d4 ,if ! movem5t is brusque =w>d1 x is ! m5ace ( a resolute man4 #e4 ,! head ?r[n back means exaltation4 #f4 ,if ! movem5t is brusque backw>d1 x is ! m5ace ( a weak man4 #g4 ,!re are rotative inflections f "o %\ld] to ! o!r2 ?is is impati5ce1 regret4 #h4 ,! rot>y movem5t ( ! head alone signifies negation1 t is no4 ,if ! movem5t ends t[>d ! int]locutor1 x is simple negation4 ,if ! movem5t ends opposite to him1 x is negation ) di/ru/4 #i4 ,! rotative & =w>d inflection w\ld d5ote exaltation4 ,! s5se ( ?is response1--,i d n "k1 :5 tid+s ( a fri5d are ask$1 may be div9$ by an inflection ( ! head4 ,x is well to note h[ ^! movem5ts are transmitt$ f ag5t to ag5t4 ,all movem5ts :i* sev]ally affect ! head1 ! h&1 ! body & ! leg1 may affect ! :ole4 ,?us ! movem5t ( negation is made by ! h&4 ,?is movem5t is d\ble4 ,!re is negation ) direct resolution1 & negation ) inv]se resolution1 :i* is elliptical4 ,! h& recoils z ! head recoils1 & :5 ! head makes ! movem5t ( impati5ce1 ! h& rises ) ! head & says3--,leave me alone1 ,i d n wi% to he> y4 ,x is curi\s to see an inflection pass successively f ! head to ! h&1 f ! h& to ! eye1 f ! eye to ! %\ld]s1 f ! %\ld]s to ! arms1 f ! arms to ! legs1 f ! legs to ! feet4 ,= example3 ,above we h indicat$ a d\ble m5ace made by ! head4 ,"o might transf] ?is m5ace to ! h& & say3 ,y w h a qu>rel to settle ) me6 ,ea* ag5t has its role1 & ?is is :y !y transmit _! movem5ts4 ,:5 ! head has a s]i\s "p to play1 x communicates an inflective movem5t to ! h&1 :i* r5d]s x t]rible4 ,a man :o m5aces ) ! head is n sure ( 8 aim1 b he :o m5aces ) ! h& is sure ( /rik+ "r4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 ! eye mu/ be firmly fix$1 z ! eye necess>ily loses its p[] & accuracy by a movem5t ( ! head4 ,!re is great p[] 9 ! m5ace communicat$ to ! h&1 a p[] n f\nd 9 ! o!r movem5t4 ,! head-m5ace is m physical1 & ! h&-m5ace m intellectual2 9 ! "o ! eye says a great deal1 :ile 9 ! o!r x says no?+4 ,! orator _c always make ^! ge/ures ) facility4 ,! m5ace may be elliptical4 ,!n x mu/ be made by ! head1 & express$ ?r\gh ! eyes4 ,?is is :y ! speak] gazes d[nw>d z he makes x4 ,x is ! same d[nw>d or upw>d movem5t :i* is reproduc$ :5 ! m5ace is conc5tric or elliptical4 ,! m5ace may be made 9 yet ano!r way4 ,! speak] does n wi% to express 8 op9ion1 & = fe> ( compromis+ himself ) 8 eyes1 he does n gaze at 8 int]locutor2 he turns aside 8 glance1 & ! m5ace is communicat$ to ! %\ld]4 ,?is has less /r5g?1 because x is r5d]$ by "o ( ! s5sitive ag5ts4 ,! man :o ?reat5s ) ! %\ld] is m passionate2 b he is n ! ag5t1 he is passive4 ,a simple m5ace may be made by ! knee4 ,! foot is susceptible ( great mobility4 ,a slight movem5t quickly *anges its significance2 9 pass+ f "o ag5t to ano!r1 x is modifi$ by _m ellipses4 ,crit]ion ( ! ,head ,attitudes4 ,,g5us4 ,,species4 #a #c #b #a-;,,ii #c-;,,ii #b-;,,ii ,,ii ,ecc4 ,conc4 ,norm4 ,conc4 ,conc4 ,conc4 ,/ratagem or ,reflection4 ,v5]ation4 cunn+4 #a-;,,iii #c-;,,iii #b-;,,iii ,,iii ,ecc4 ,norm4 ,norm4 ,norm4 ,conc4 ,norm4 ,s5sualism4 ,passive /ate4 ,affection4 #a-;,i #c-;,i #b-;,i ,i ,ecc4 ,ecc4 ,norm4 ,ecc4 ,conc4 ,ecc4 ,pride4 ,vehem5ce4 ,confid5ce4 ,^! attitudes1 be+ :olly *>act]i/ic1 _c be transmitt$4 ,!y *>act]ize ! special role ( ! ag5t set 9 motion1 :ile inflection is univ]sal4 ,! head alone expresses tr\ble1 dejection4 ,dejection is 9 ! head1 z firmness is 9 ! re9s & exaltation 9 ! %\ld]s4 ,all ! movem5ts ( ! head are communicat$ to all ! active organs4 ,! head is always 9 opposition to ! arms4 ,! head mu/ be turn$ away f ! leg :i* is advanc$4 ,m5 ( small bra9 habitually c>ry _! heads high4 ,! head is l[]$ 9 proportion to ! quantity ( intellig5ce4 ,exam9e ! crit]ion = ! fix$ attitudes ( ! head4 ,( ! ,eyes4 ,! eye1 9 common ) all ! o!r ag5ts1 has n9e prim>y expressions1 ?ree g5]a & n9e species4 ,! eye conta9s ?ree ag5ts3 ,! optic or visual1 ! palpebral or pupil1 & ! eyebr[ ag5t4 ,ea* ( ^! has its peculi> s5se1 & we %all %[ h[ !y are unit$4 ,! optic ag5t has ?ree direct or conv]g5t glances4 ,! eyes conv]ge t[>d ! object !y exam9e1 at su* a po9t t if ! object 7 !re !y w\ld squ9t4 ,a skill$ obs]v] c det]m9e ! di/ance ( ! object1 ^u see+ ! two eyes4 ,!re is a revolv+ or div]g5t glance4 ,if bo? eyes project 9 p>allel l9es1 !y see d\ble4 ,a drunk5 man sees d\ble because ! eyes d n conv]ge4 ,betwe5 ^! two glances !re is ! ec/atic or p>allel vision2 b ! object is n s f> away t its di/ance may n be det]m9$4 ,! conv]g5ce is n appreciable4 ,?is is ! dreamy expression4 ,we %all "h treat ( "o only1 to :i* we ref] ! ?ree o!rs4 ,let u take ! direct glance1 pass+ by ! optic ag5t1 s9ce x is direct 9 all ! ph5om5a we h to consid]4 ,!re are ?ree ph5om5a 9 ! eyebr[3 ecc5tric1 conc5tric & normal4 ,f ^! we d]ive n9e t]ms4 ,if ! eye is normal1 x is a passive expression :i* det]m9es no?+4 ,if1 ) ! same eye1 ! eyebr[ is ecc5tric1 !re is a diff]5ce2 "o "p ( u t5ds vehem5tly t[>d some?+1 & ! o!r says3 ,x is n wor? ! tr\ble4 ,! s5sitive "p aspires1 :ile ! intellect says1 ,?is am\nts to no?+4 ,! conc5tric eyebr[ indicates a m9d disconc]t$ by fatigue or ennui1 a cont5tion ( "o "p ( ! nature ) ! o!r1 :i* resi/s1 & says3 ,i d n wi% to be tr\bl$ ab\t ?is2 x we>ies me4 ,! normal br[ & ! ecc5tric eye indicate /upor4 ,"h !re is aga9 contr>iety4 ,"o "p ( ! be+ ard5tly aspires t[>d "s object1 :ile ! o!r is p[]less to aid x4 ,! eye is purely an intellectual ag5t1 d5ot+ ! v>i\s /ates ( ! m9d4 ,! ecc5tric eye & ! elevat$ eyebr[ d5ote vehem5ce4 ,?is is an active /ate t w become a/oni%m5t4 ,_m ph5om5a w arise & be subord9ate to ?is movem5t2 b x is vehem5ce p> excell5ce2 x is aspiration4 ,if ! br[ l[]s vehem5tly ) ! eyes op51 x is n rage1 b a /ate ( m9d indep5d5t ( ev]y?+ ! s5ses or ! he>t c say4 ,?is is firmness ( m9d1 a /ate ( ! w indep5d5t ( e outside influ5ce4 ,x may be att5tion1 or ang]1 or _m o!r ?+s4 ,if ! eye is conc5tric & ! eyebr[ 9 ! normal /ate1 x is slumb]1 fatigue4 ,if ! eyebr[ is ecc5tric & ! eye conc5tric1 x w repres5t n indiff]5ce only1 b scorn1 & aft] say+1 ,?is ?+ is wor?less1 w add1 ,i prote/ aga9/ x1 ,i close my eyes4 ,if bo? ! eye & eyebr[ are conc5tric1 !re is cont5tion ( m9d4 ,?is is a m9d :i* seeks b does n possess4 ,?is explanation may be r5d]$ m cle> & easi] to reta9 9 m9d by ! foll[+ resume3 ,e ,conc5tric4 ,cont5tion ( m9d4 ,conc5tric eyebr[ ,y ,normal4 ,bad humor4 ,e ,ecc5tric4 ,firmness ,e ,conc5tric4 ,grief4 ,normal eyebr[4 ,y ,normal4 ,passiv5ess4 ,e ,ecc5tric4 ,/upor4 ,e ,conc5tric4 ,scorn4 ,ecc5tric eyebr[4 ,y ,normal4 ,disda94 ,e ,ecc5tric4 ,a/oni%m5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,crit]ion ( ! ,eyes4 ,! n9e expressions ( ! eye correspond to ea* ( ! n9e movem5ts ( ! head4 ,?us ! eye may give n9e types ( affection1 n9e ( pride1 n9e ( s5sualism1 etc4 ,?is gives eighty-"o expressions ( ! eye4 ,h5ce1 kn[+ eighte5 elem5ts1 we inevitably possess eighty-"o4 ,! n9e expressions ( ! eye may be v]ifi$ by ! crit]ion4 ,z a model1 we give ! n9e expressions ( ! eye 9 ! subjo9$ *>t4 ,,g5us4 ,,species4 #a #c #b ,eye ecc5tric4 ,eye normal4 ,eye conc5tric4 ,eyebr[ ,firmness4 ,bad humor4 ,cont5tion ( conc4 m9d4 ,,ii ,eyebr[ ,/upor4 ,passive /ate4 ,grief4 ,,iii ,eyebr[ ,inspiration4 ,disda94 ,scorn4 ,i ,= ord9>y purposes x is suffici5t to und]/& ! n9e prim>y expressions4 ,!re are _m o!rs :i* we m]ely indicate4 ,9 sleep !re may be an incl9ation ei!r way4 ,! top ( ! eyebr[ may be lift$4 ,?us 9 ! conc5tric /ate1 ?ree types may be not$1 & ^! g to make tw5ty-sev5 prim>y movem5ts4 ,! l[] eyelid may be contract$2 ! tw5ty-sev5 fir/ movem5ts may be exam9$ ) ?is1 :i* makes #bx#bg4 ,a movem5t ( ! *eek may contract ! eye 9 an opposite direction1 & ?is contraction may be total1 :i* makes eighty-"o expressions belong+ to ! normal glance alone4 ,?is direct glance may also be direct on ! inf]ior plane1 :i* makes #bx#ha2 = ^! are di/9ct expressions :i* _c be conf\nd$4 ,?is movem5t c\ld aga9 be an upw>d "o1 :i* w\ld make #cx#ha4 ,! movem5t may be outw>d & sup]ior1 or x may be simply outw>d2 x may also be outw>d & inf]ior4 ,a special s5se is atta*$ to ea* ( ^! movem5ts1--a s5se :i* _c be conf\nd$ ) any ( ! prec$+ movem5ts4 ,by mak+ ! same computation = ! ?ree glances above not$1 we %all h f eight to n9e hundr$ movem5ts4 ,all ?is may appe> complicat$1 b ) ! key ( ! prim>y movem5ts1 no?+ c be m simple ?an ?is d$uction4 ,! above *>t ) its exposition ( ! phases ( ! eye expla9s ev]y?+4 ,a small eye is a sign ( /r5g?2 a l>ge eye is a sign ( languor4 ,a small oblique eye 7! ,*9ese eye71 :5 associat$ ) lat]al developm5t ( ! cranium1 & e>s drawn back1 indicates a pr$isposition to murd]4 ,! eye op5s only 9 ! fir/ emotion2 !n x becomes calm1 clos+ gradually2 an eye wide op5 9 emotion1 d5otes /upidity4 ,( ! ,eyebr[s4 ,!re are ?ree !rmomet]s3 ! eyebr[ is ! !rmomet] ( ! m9d2 ! %\ld] is ! !rmomet] ( ! life2 ! ?umb is ! !rmomet] ( ! w4 ,!re is p>allelism betwe5 ! eye & ! voice4 ,! voice l[]$ & ! br[ lift$1 indicate a desire to create surprise1 & a lack ( m5tal dep?4 ,x is v important to e/abli% ?is p>allelism betwe5 ! movem5ts ( ! br[ & voice4 ,! l[]$ br[ signifies ret5tion1 repulsion3 ,x is ! signification ( a clos$ door4 ,! elevat$ br[ means ! op5 door4 ,! m9d op5s to let 9 ! light or to all[ x to escape4 ,! eyebr[ is no?+ less ?an ! door ( intellig5ce4 ,9 fall+1 ! voice repels4 ,! ef=ts 9 repulsion & ret5tion are equal4 ,! inflections are 9 accord ) ! eyebr[s4 ,:5 ! br[s are rais$1 ! voice is rais$4 ,?is is ! normal movem5t ( ! voice 9 relation to ! eyebr[4 ,sometimes ! eyebr[ is 9 contradiction to ! movem5t ( ! voice4 ,!n !re is always ellipse2 x is a ?\ght unexpress$4 ,! contradiction betwe5 ^! two ag5ts always proves t we mu/ seek 9 ! words :i* ^! ph5om5a modify1 some?+ o!r ?an !y seem to say4 ,= in/ance1 :5 we reply to a /ory j told u1 ) ?is exclamation3 ,inde$6 ,if ! br[ & voice are l[]$1 ! case is grave & dem&s mu* consid]ation4 ,if br[ & voice are elevat$1 ! expression is usually mild1 amiable & affectionate4 ,if ! voice is rais$ & ! br[ l[]$1 ! =m is d\btful & suspici\s4 ,) ! br[ conc5tric1 ! h& is repell5t4 ,bo? br[ & h& conc5tric d5ote repulsion or ret5tion2 ?is is always ! case ) a door4 ,bo? br[ & h& ecc5tric mean inspiration1 or all[+ dep>ture )\t conc]n4 ,!re is homog5eity betwe5 ! face1 ! eyebr[ & ! h&4 ,! degree & nature ( ! emotion mu/ be %[n 9 ! face1 o!rwise !re w be only grimace4 ,! h& is simply ano!r expression ( ! face4 ,! face gives ! h& its significance4 ,h& movem5ts )\t facial expression w\ld be purely automatic4 ,! face has ! fir/ ^w1 ! h& completes ! s5se4 ,!re are eighty-"o movem5ts ( ! h& impossible to ! face2 h5ce1 )\t ! h&1 ! face _c express ev]y?+4 ,! h& is ! detail$ explanation ( :at ! face has s\ght to say4 ,!re are expressions ( ! h& consonant ) ! facial traits1 & o!rs dissonant3 ?is is ! beautiful4 ,! weak h& & ! /rong face are ! sign ( impot5ce4 ,! weak h& & ! /rong face are ! sign ( p]fidy4 ,! tones ( ! voice v>y accord+ to ! expression ( ! face4 ,! face mu/ speak1 x mu/ h *>m4 ,9 laugh+1 ! face is ecc5tric2 a sombre face is conc5tric4 ,! face is ! mirror ( ! s\l because x is ! mo/ impressionable ag5t1 & consequ5tly ! mo/ fai?ful 9 r5d]+ ! impressions ( ! s\l4 ,n only may mom5t>y emotions be read 9 ! expression ( ! features1 b by an inspection ( ! con=mation ( ! face1 ! aptitude1 ?\ghts1 "* & individual temp]am5t may be det]m9$4 ,! diff]5ce 9 faces comes f diff]5ce 9 ! configuration ( pr(iles4 ,!re are ?ree primitive & *>act]i/ic pr(iles1 ( :i* all o!rs are only d]ivations or %ades4 ,!re is ! upright1 ! concave & ! convex pr(ile4 ,ea* ( ^! g5]a mu/ produce ?ree species1 & ?is gives aga9 ! accord ( n9e4 ,^! diff]5t species arise f ! direction ( ! angles1 z also f ! position ( ! lips & nose4 ,uprightness responds to ! p]p5dicul> pr(ile2 *a/ity1 to ! concave2 s5sualism1 to ! convex4 ,let x be und]/ood t we d]ogate 9 no way f ! lib]ty ( ! man :o rema9s always ma/] ( 8 w1 8 emotions & 8 incl9ations4 ,a crit]ion ( ! face is indisp5sable to ! intellig5t physiognomi/1 & z ! lips & nose h mu* to d ) ! expression ( ! face1 we (f] an un]r+ diagnosis 9 ! ?ree foll[+ *>ts3 ,crit]ion ( ! ,pr(ile ( ! ,lips4 ,,species4 #a #c #b ,,ii #a-;,,ii #c-;,,ii #b-;,,ii ,ecc4-conc4 ,norm4-conc4 ,conc4-conc4 ,,iii #a-;,,iii #c-;,,iii #b-;,,iii ,ecc4-norm4 ,norm4-norm4 ,conc4-norm4 ,i #a-;,i #c-;,i #b-;,i ,ecc4-ecc4 ,norm4-ecc4 ,conc4-ecc4 ,"h ! pr(ile ( ! l[] lip indicates ! g5us1 & ! pr(ile ( ! upp] lip belongs to ! species4 ,crit]ion ( ! ,pr(ile ( ! ,nose4 ,,species4 #a #c #b ,,ii #a-;,,ii #c-;,,ii #b-;,,ii ,ecc4-conc4 ,norm4-conc4 ,conc4-conc4 ,,iii #a-;,,iii4 #c-;,,iii4 #b-;,,iii4 ,ecc4-norm4 ,norm4-norm4 ,conc4-norm4 ,i #a-;,i4 #c-;,i4 #b-;,i4 ,ecc4-ecc4 ,norm4-ecc4 ,conc4-ecc4 ,= surety ( diagnosis ! lips mu/ be tak5 9 unison ) ! nose & =ehead1 z may be se5 9 ! foll[+ *>t4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ! ,torso4 ,! torso includes ! *e/1 & %>es ! %\ld] movem5ts ) ! arms4 ,! ,*e/4--,!re are ?ree *e/ attitudes1 ecc5tric1 conc5tric & normal4 #a4 ,if ! *e/ is greatly dilat$1 ?is is ! ecc5tric /ate--! milit>y attitude1 ! sign ( en]gy4 #b4 ,! normal1 :5 ! *e/ is 9 a /ate m homog5e\s1 less cont5ti\s1 m sympa!tic1 z 9 ! /atue ( ,ant9\s4 #c4 ,! conc5tric1 :5 ! *e/ is holl[1 ) ! %\ld]s elevat$ & incl9+ =w>d4 ,! convex ecc5tric *e/ is ! sign ( ! ag5t1 or ( him :o gives4 ,! convex conc5tric *e/ or ! pa!tic1 is ! sign ( ! suff]]1 or ( him :o receives4 ,! *e/ drawn 9 ) ! %\ld]s elevat$1 is ! expression ( ! sublime4 ,f ^! ?ree positions1 ! ecc5tric1 ! conc5tric & ! normal1 are d]iv$ n9e degrees or species4 ,?us 9 ea* ( ^! g5]a1 ! torso is incl9$ t[>d ! speak]1 or away f him1 h5ce we h ?ree times ?ree1 or n9e1 or ! triple accord4 ,illu/ration3 ,crit]ion ( ! ,face4 ,! *e/ ne$ n be l[]$2 x is "h t all ! en]gy conc5trates4 ,! ,%\ld]s4--,e s5sitive1 agreeable or pa9ful =m is express$ by an elevation ( ! %\ld]s4 ,! %\ld]s are ! !rmomet] ( ! s5sitive & passional life4 ,if a man's %\ld]s are rais$ v decid$ly1 we may "k t he is decid$ly impress$4 ,! head tells u :e!r ?is impression is joy\s or sorr[ful4 ,!n ! species belongs to ! head1 & ! g5us to ! %\ld]4 ,if ! %\ld] indicates ?irty degrees1 ! head mu/ say :e!r x is w>m? or coldness4 ,! face w specify ! nature ( ! sorr[ or joy ^: value ! %\ld]s h det]m9$4 ,! %\ld] is "o ( ! great p[]s ( ! orator4 ,by a simple movem5t ( ! %\ld]1 he c make inf9itely m impression ?an ) all ! outw>d ge/ures :i* are almo/ always !atrical1 & n ( a conv9c+ sort4 ,! %\ld]1 we h said1 is ! !rmomet] ( emotion & ( love4 ,! movem5t is neutral & suit$ to joy z well z to sorr[2 ! eyes & m\? are pres5t to specify x4 ,! %\ld]1 l all ! ag5ts1 has ?ree & h5ce n9e di/9ct phases4 ,! torso is divid$ into ?ree p>ts3 ! ?oracic1 ! epiga/ric & abdom9al4 ,we %all /ate f>!r on1 ! role ( ^! ?ree important c5tres4 ,li>s d n elevate _! %\ld]s to ! requir$ degree1 h5ce ! tru? or falsity ( a s5tim5t may be kn[n4 ,raphael has =gott5 ?is pr9ciple 9 8 ,moses ,smit+ ! ,rock4 ,none ( 8 figures1 al?\gh joy\s1 elevate ! %\ld]4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,! ,limbs4 ,! limbs hold an important place 9 oratorical action4 ,! /udy ( ! role ( ! arms & limbs !re=e des]ves s]i\s att5tion4 ,! ,arms4 ,9 ! arms we di/+ui% ! deltoid or %\ld] movem5t1 ! inflection ( ! =e-arm1 ! elb[1 ! wri/1 ! h& & ! f+]s4 ,inflections ( ! ,=e-,arm4 ,we h treat$ ( :at conc]ns ! %\ld] 9 ! *apt] ^u ! torso4 ,! arm has ?ree movem5ts3 an upw>d & d[nw>d v]tical movem5t1 & a horizontal "o4 ,^! movem5ts d]ive _! significance f ! diff]5t angles =m$ by ! =e-arm 9 relation to ! arm4 ,let u fir/ repres5t ^! diff]5t angles1 & !n we w expla9 ! *>t4 ,illu/ration ,all ^! diff]5t angles h _! mean+1 _! absolute significance 9 affirmation4 ,! movem5t at ! "r angle signifies3 ,to be4 ,l[]3 ,p]haps4 ,l[] /ill3 ,i d\bt if x is s4 ,l[]3 ,x is improbable4 ,l[]3 ,x is n4 ,l[]3 ,x is n possible4 ,asc5d+3 ,?is is prov51 ,i h ! pro( 9 my h&4 ,high]3 ,?is is sup]latively beautiful4 ,high]3 ,x is en*ant+ly beautiful4 ,! degree ( c]ta9ty 9 ! affirmation v>ies )1 ! angle :i* ! =e-arm =ms ) ! arm4 ,all ^! modes ( affirmation may be appli$ to negation4 ,= example3 ,x is impossible t ?is %\ld n be4 ,?is _c be4 ,?us all /ates ( be+1 all =ms ( affirmation1 belong to ! acut5ess or op5+ ( an angle4 ,! hang+ arm signifies depression4 ,! two arms %\ld nev] ext5d ! same way4 ,if !y foll[ ea* o!r1 "o %\ld be m advanc$ ?an ! o!r4 ,nev] all[ p>allelism4 ,! elem5t>y ge/ures ( ! arms are repres5t$ 9 ! =ego+ *>t4 ,( ! ,elb[4 ,! elb[ has n9e movem5ts1 ?ree primitive1 z g5]a1 & n9e d]ivative1 z species4 ,!re are ! =w>d & backw>d movem5ts ( ! normal /ate4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( height1 & f9ally ! =w>d & backw>d movem5ts ( ext5sion4 ,! elb[ movem5ts are relational4 ,! epicondyle is call$ ! eye ( ! arm4 ,man slightly moves ! torso1 !n ! %\ld]1 & f9ally ! elb[4 ,among p]sons :o w\ld fa9 cru% o!rs1 !re is an elb[ movem5t :i* seems to say1 ,i annihilate !e1 ,i am above !e4 ,! elb[ turn$ outw>d signifies /r5g?1 p[]1 audacity1 dom9ation1 arrogance1 abruptness1 activity1 abundance4 ,! elb[ drawn inw>d1 signifies impot5ce1 fe>1 subord9ation1 humility1 passiv5ess1 pov]ty ( _s4 ,mode/ p h a slight outw>d movem5t ( ! elb[4 ,! humble make an inw>d movem5t4 ,! elb[ ?ru/ =w>d or backw>d1 indicates a yield+ "*4 ,^! movem5ts %\ld n be tak5 alone2 !y mu/ be v]ifi$ by ! torso & ! head4 ,! %\ld] *>act]izes ! expression ( ! elb[ movem5ts1 j z ! elb[ v]ifies m>k$ exaltation1 by ! elevation ( ! %\ld]4 ,x is by ^! little ?+s t we det]m9e millions ( movem5ts & _! mean+4 ,we f9ally det]m9e & class precisely five million movem5ts ( ! diff]5t ag5ts ( ! arm4 ,?is w\ld seem enorm\s2 b x is no?+ at all2 x is *ildlike simplicity4 ,! elem5ts be+ kn[n1 ! process is always ! same4 ,h5ce ! advantage ( possess+ a crit]ion4 ,) ?is crit]ion1 we h ev]y?+4 ,if we possess n9e1 we possess tw5ty millions1 :i* are no m ?an n9e4 ,( ! ,wri/4 ,! wri/ is a direct+ in/rum5t = ! =e>m & ! h&4 ,! wri/ has its ?ree movem5ts4 ,x is ecc5tric :5 ! ext5sor muscles are 9 motion4 ,x is normal 9 ! horizontal position4 ,x is conc5tric :5 ! flexor muscles are 9 action4 ,9 ! conc5tric position ! wri/ is 9 pronation1 = ! ?umb is turn$ d[nw>d2 ?is is ! sign ( a p[]ful w1 because ! pronator muscles h m p[] ?an ! flexors4 ,9 ! ecc5tric position ! wri/ is 9 sup9ation2 t is1 ! back ( ! h& is d[nw>d2 ?is is ! sign ( impot5ce4 ,! wri/ has also =w>d & backw>d movem5ts1 ei!r 9 pronation1 9 sup9ation1 or ! normal /ate4 ,?us !re are n9e phases = ! wri/4 ,x is ?r\gh ! aid ( ! wri/ t ! aspects ( ! h&1 plac$ ^u ! cube1 receive1 z we %all see1 _! precise signification4 ,! orator ne$s great suppl5ess 9 wri/ movem5ts to give grace to ! phases ( ! h&4 ,( ! ,h&4 ,man is p]=ce pa9t]1 poet1 inspir$ dream] or my/ic1 & sci5ti/4 ,he is a pa9t]1 to reveal ! ph5om5a ( ! s5sitive life2 a poet1 to admire ! my/]ies ( grace2 a sci5ti/1 to make kn[n ! conceptions ( ! m9d4 ,?us ! h& has ?ree pres5tations1 nei!r m nor less1 to r5d] t :i* passes 9 man 9 ! s5sitive1 moral or intellectual /ate4 ,let u n[ exam9e ! ?ree pres5tations ( an op5 h&3 its palm>1 dorsal & digital aspect4 ,! same ?+ may be express$ by ^! ?ree pres5tations1 b ) %ades ( diff]5ce 9 ! mean+4 ,if we say t a ?+ is admirable1 ) ! palms upw>d1 x is to describe x p]fectly4 ,?is is ! demon/rative aspect4 ,if we say ! same ?+1 display+ ! back ( ! h&1 x is ) ! s5tim5t ( impot5ce4 ,we h an idea ( ! ?+1 b x is s beautiful we _c express x4 ,?is is ! my/ic aspect4 ,if we pres5t ! digital extremity1 x is z if we said3 ,i h se51 ,i h weigh$1 ,i h numb]$ ! ?+1 ,i und]/& x f c]ta9 k2 x is admirable1 & ,i decl>e x s4 ,^! are ! ?ree aspects3 ! palm>1 dorsal & digital4 ,ea* ( ^! attitudes ( ! h& may be pres5t$ "u ?ree =ms3 ! ecc5tric1 normal & conc5tric4 ,ea* ( ^! =ms z g5]a1 produces ?ree species2 ?is gives ! h& n9e intr9sic attitudes1 ^: neutral signification w be specifi$ & det]m9$ by ! pres5tation ( ! h& ^u ! cube4 ,let u fir/ take ! normal /ate z g5us1 & we %all h ! normal h& z species 9 ! normal g5us4 ,?is w !n be ! normo-normal attitude4 ,by pres5t+ ! h& 9 pronation or sup9ation horizontally1 )\t spread+ or fold+ ! f+]s1 we %all h t attitude :i* signifies ab&on4 ,let u n[ take ! ecc5tric species1 /ill 9 ! normal g5us4 ,raise ! h& some:at ) a slight p>t+ ( ! f+]s1 & we h ! ecc5tro-normal h&1 :i* signifies expansion4 ,f9ally1 let u consid] ! conc5tric species1 /ill 9 ! normal /ate4 ,pres5t ! h& lifeless & y h ! conc5tro-normal attitude1 :i* signifies pro/ration4 ,let u pass on to ! conc5tric g5us4 ,by clos+ ! f+]s ) ! ?umb inw>d ^u ! middle "o1 we %all h ! normo-conc5tric h&1 :i* signifies ! tonic or p[]4 ,to close ! h& & place ! ?umb outside ^u ! index f+]1 signifies conflict4 ,?is is ! conc5tro-conc5tric h&4 ,to b5d ! fir/ jo9t ) ! f+]s some:at ap>t1 indicates ! ecc5tro-conc5tric h&4 ,?is is ! convulsive /ate4 ,let u pass on to ! ecc5tric g5us4 ,! f+]s some:at spread1 d5ote ! normo-ecc5tric h&4 ,?is is exaltation4 ,to spread ! f+]s & fold !m to ! second jo9t1 indicates ! conc5tro-conc5tric h&4 ,?is is retraction4 ,to spread ! f+]s z mu* z possible1 gives ! ecc5tro-ecc5tric h&4 ,?is is exasp]ation4 ,9 ! subjo9$ *>ts we c see an illu/ration ( ! diff]5t attitudes ( ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,crit]ion ( ! ,h&4 ,recapitulation ,,ii -- #b -- ,conc5tro-conc5tric4 ,conflict4 #c -- ,normo-conc5tric4 ,tonic or p[]4 #a -- ,ecc5tro-conc5tric4 ,convulsive4 #b -- ,conc5tro-normal4 ,pro/ration4 ,,iii -- #c -- ,normo-normal4 ,ab&on4 #a -- ,ecc5tro-normal4 ,expansion4 #b -- ,conc5tro-ecc5tric4 ,retraction4 #c -- ,normo-ecc5tric4 ,exaltation4 ,i -- #a -- ,ecc5tro-ecc5tric4 ,exasp]ation4 ,! n9e primitive =ms ( ! h& are1 z is se51 undet]m9$4 ---------------------------------------- ----- _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ,,upp] ,,surface4 _/ _/ _/ _/ ,to hold4 _/ _/ _/ ---------------------------------------- ----- ,o ,i ,u ,n ,t ,w ,w ,a ,a ,r ,,front ,,surface4 ,r ,d ,t ,d o ,to reta94 ,t ,l ,l o ,a w ,limit4 -- ,a ,t i ,t b ,e t ,obta94 ,e e ,r h ,r l ,a d ,,back ,,surface4 ,a o ,l r ,l n a ,to ma9ta94 g ,s w ,s 4 ,u 4 ,conta94 ,u ,r ,r ,f ,f ,a ,a ,c ,c ,e ,e 4 4 ---------------------------------------- ---- _/ _/ _/ ,,l[] ,,surface4 _/ _/ _/ _/ ,to su/a94 _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ---------------------------------------- ----- ,! h& is rais$4 ,:y8 ,= :at purpose8 ,! pres5tation ( ! h& ^u ! surfaces ( ! cube w decide & specify4 ,by ?is pres5tation ! n9e movem5ts ( ! h& correspond ) ! expressive movem5ts ( ! arm4 ,take any cube :atev]1--a book1 a snuff-box1 or r ca/ y\r eyes ^u ! =ego+ *>t1 & exam9e x c>efully4 ,!re are ?ree directions 9 ! cube3 horizontal1 v]tical & transv]se4 ,h5ce !re are six faces1 ant]ior1 sup]ior1 inf]ior1 int]no-lat]al & ext]no-lat]al4 ,( :at use are angles & faces8 ,all ?is is necess>y = ^? :o w\ld "k ! reason ( ! s5tim5ts express$ by ! h&4 ,!re are tw5ty-sev5 sorts ( affirmation4 ,we give n9e ( !m ) ! six faces ( ! cube4 ,! ,digital ,face4 ,to place ! h&1 :e!r ecc5tric1 conc5tric or normal1 ^u ! upp] face ( ! cube1 is to hold1 to protect1 to control2 x is to say3 ,i hold ?is "u my protection4 ,to place ! h& ^u ! ext]nal side-face ( ! cube1 signifies to belong2 x says3 ,all ?is belongs to me4 ,x is ! affirmation ( ! man :o kn[s1 :o has _h ! ?+ 9 dispute "u 8 own eyes1 :o has measur$ x1 exam9$ x 9 all its aspects4 ,x is ! affirmation ( ! connoisseur4 ,to apply ! h& to ! inn] side ( ! face is to let g4 ,"h is ! s5se ( ?is affirmation3 ,y may say :atev] y w1 b ,i affirm 9 spite ( e obs]vation1 9 spite ( all objection2 ,i affirm :e!r or no4 ,! ,back ,face4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( t\*+ ! front face ( ! cube ) ! h&4 ,a4--,to t\* x ) ! end ( ! f+]s upw>d & ! ?umb inw>d1 is to obta93 ,i h obta9$ great b5efits1 ,i d n "k h[ to express my gratitude4 ,or r3 ,i keep ! object = myself2 ,i d n c>e to let x be se54 ,?is is ! my/ic face4 ,or yet aga93 ,i contemplate4 ,b4--,to place ! h& horizontally on ! same face ( ! cube1 is to re/ra91 or b\nd4 ,g no f>!r1 if y please2 all ?is belongs to me4 ,c4--,to place ! h& ^u ! same ant]ior face ( ! cube1 b ) ! extremities ( ! f+]s v]tically d[nw>d1 means to reta94 ,x says3 ,i res]ve ?is = myself4 ,"h1 !n1 are ?ree aspects = ! ant]ior face ( ! cube4 ,! ,palm> ,face4 ,a4--,to place ! l[] face ( ! cube 9 ! h&1 is to su/a94 ,x is to say3 ,i w su/a9 y 9 mis=tune4 ,b4--,to apply z mu* z possible ! palm ^u ! same po/]ior face ( ! cube1 ) ! f+]s d[nw>d1 is to ma9ta93 ,i ma9ta9 :at ,i h said4 ,c4--,to apply ! h& ^u ! same face ) ! extremities ( ! f+]s upw>d1 is to conta91 is to %[ ! object--x is to disclose3 ,i affirm2 y _c d\bt me2 ,i op5 my he>t2 behold me6 ,!re are1 !n1 n9e affirmations1 :i* are expla9$ by a m]e view ( ! cube & its faces4 ,! twelve edges ( ! cube give a d\ble affirmation2 ! angles1 a triple affirmation4 ,example = ! edges3 ,to place ! h& on ! back edge1 means3 ,i protect & ,i demon/rate4 ,!re are ?ree movem5ts or inflections ( ! h& :i* mu/ be po9t$ out3 to hov]1 to ins9uate1 to envelop4 ,! ?ree rhy?mic actions ( ! h& mu/ n be pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce3 to incl9e1 to fall1 to be precipitat$4 ,! aspects ( ! h&s w\ld be simply telegraphic movem5ts1 7 x n = ! inflections ( ! voice1 &1 above all1 ! expression ( ! eyes4 ,! expressions ( ! h& correspond to ! voice4 ,! h&s are ! la/ ?+ dem&$ 9 a ge/ure2 b !y mu/ n rema9 motionless1 z 7if !y 7 /iff1 = in/ance7 !y might say m ?an 0 necess>y4 ,! h&s are clasp$ 9 adoration1 = x seems z if we held ! ?+ we love1 t we desire4 ,! rubb+ ( ! h&s d5otes joy1 or an eag] ?ir/ = action2 9 ! abs5ce ( any?+ else to c>ess1 we take ! h&1 we communicate our joy to x4 ,!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ! c>ess & ! rubb+ ( ! h&s4 ,9 ! c>ess1 ! h& ext5ds eag]ly1 & passes lightly1 undulat+ly1 = fe> ( h>m+4 ,!re is an elevation ( ! %\ld]s4 ,! h& is an additional expression ( ! face4 ,! movem5t mu/ beg9 ) ! face1 ! h& only completes & int]prets ! facial expression4 ,! head & h& _c act simultane\sly to express ! same s5tim5t4 ,"o c\ld n say no ) head & h&s at ! same "t4 ,! head comm&s & prec$es ! movem5t ( ! h&4 ,! eyes1 & n ! head1 may be p>allel ) ! h& & ! o!r ag5ts4 ,! h& ) its palm upw>d may be c>ess+1 if !re is an elevation ( ! eyebr[2 repell5t ) ! eyebr[ conc5tric4 ,! wav+ h& may h mu* s5se1 accord+ to ! expression ( ! face4 ,! eye is ! ess5tial ag5t1 ! h& is only ! rev]b]atory ag5t2 h5ce x mu/ %[ less en]gy ?an ! eye4 ,( ! ,f+]s4 ,ea* f+] has its sep>ate function1 b x is exclusive ( ! great expressions :i* con/itute ! accords ( n9e4 ,^! are int]e/+ facts1 b !y d n spr+ naturally f ! f\nta9 ( ge/ure4 ,!y are m intellectual ?an moral4 ,9 a syn!tic action all ! f+]s conv]ge4 ,a v en]getic w is express$ by ! cl5*$ fi/4 ,9 deal+ ) a fact 9 detail1 z we say3 ,rem>k ?is well1 all ! f+]s op5 to bid u conc]n ourselves only ) ! "p 9 dispute4 ,?is is analysis2 x is n moral1 x is intellectual4 ,if we speak ( cond5sation we close ! h&4 ,if we h to d ) a granulat$ object1 we te/ x ) ! ?umb & index f+]4 ,if x is c>ne\s1 we t\* x ) ! ?umb & middle f+]4 ,if ! object is fluid1 delicate1 impressionable1 we express x by ! ?ird f+]4 ,if x is pulv]iz$1 we t\* x ) ! little f+]4 ,we *ange ! f+] z ! body is solid1 humid1 delicate1 or p[d]y4 ,! orator :o uses ! f+]s 9 ge/iculation1 gives pro( ( great delicacy ( m9d4 ,( ! ,legs4 ,! legs h n9e positions :i* we call base attitudes4 ,we %all give a detail$ description1 summ+ up 9 a *>t ( ! crit]ion ( ! legs at ! end ( ?is section4 ,fir/ ,attitude4--,?is consi/s 9 ! equal balance ( ! body ^u its two legs4 ,x is t ( a *ild pos$ ^u its feet1 nei!r ( :i* ext5ds f>!r ?an ! o!r4 ,?is attitude is normal1 & is ! sign ( weakness1 ( respect2 = respect is a sort ( weakness = ! p]son we address4 ,x also *>act]izes infancy1 decay4 ,illu/ration ,second ,attitude4--,9 ?is attitude ! /rong leg is backw>d1 ! free "o =w>d4 ,?is is ! attitude ( reflection1 ( conc5tration1 ( ! /rong man4 ,x indicates ! abs5ce ( passions1 or ( conc5tr$ passions4 ,x has some?+ ( intellig5ce2 ,illu/ration x is nei!r ! position ( ! *ild nor ( ! uncultur$ man4 ,x indicates calmness1 /r5g?1 indep5d5ce1 :i* are signs ( intellig5ce4 ,x is ! conc5tric /ate4 ,?ird ,attitude4--,"h ! /rong leg is =w>d1 ! free leg backw>d4 ,?is is ! type ( vehem5ce4 ,x is ! ecc5tric attitude4 ,illu/ration ,! orator :o w\ld appe> passive1 t is1 z exp]i5c+ "s emotion1 or submitt+ to "s action1 mu/ h a backw>d pose z 9 figure #b4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 he w\ld communicate to 8 audi5ce ! expression ( 8 w or ( 8 own ?\ght1 he mu/ h a =w>d poise z 9 figure #c4 ,f\r? ,attitude4--,"h ! /rong leg is beh9d1 z 9 ! second attitude1 b f> m ap>t f ! o!r & m inflect$4 ,?is is v ne>ly ! attitude ( ! f5c+ ma/]1 except ! position ( ! foot1 :i* is /raight in/ead ( be+ turn$ outw>d4 ,illu/ration ,?is is a sign ( ! weakness :i* foll[s vehem5ce4 ,natural weakness is portray$ 9 figure #a2 sudd5 weakness 9 figure #d4 ,fif? ,attitude4--,?is is necessitat$ by ! incl9ation ( ! torso to "o side or ! o!r4 ,x is ,illu/ration a ?ird to "o side4 ,x is a passive attitude1 prep>atory to all oblique /eps4 ,x is pass+ or transitive1 & ends all ! angles =m$ by walk+4 ,x is 9 frequ5t use comb9$ ) ! second4 ,six? ,attitude4--,?is is "o-?ird cross$4 ,x is an attitude ( great respect & c]emony1 & is effective only 9 ! pres5ce ( pr9ces4 ,illu/ration ,sev5? ,attitude4--,?is is ! fir/ position1 b ! legs are f>!r ap>t4 ,! free limb is turn$ ,illu/ration to "o side2 bo? limbs are /rong4 ,?is d5otes intoxication1 ! man ov]:elm$ ) a/oni%m5t1 famili>ity1 repose4 ,x is a d\ble fif?4 ,eigh? ,attitude4--,?is is ! second1 ) limbs f>!r ap>t4 ,x is ! alt]native attitude4 ,! body faces "o ( ! two legs4 ,x is alt]native f ! fact t x ends 9 ! expression ( two extreme & opposite s5tim5ts2 t is1 9 ! ?ird or ! f\r?4 ,x s]ves = ecc5tricity ) retic5ce1 = m5ace & jeal\sy4 ,x is ! type ( hesitation4 ,x is a p>ade attitude4 ,at ! same "t (f5sive & def5sive1 its aspect easily impresses & leaves ! auditor 9 d\bt4 ,:at is go+ to happ58 ,:at s5tim5t is go+ to arise f ?is attitude :i* mu/ h its solution ei!r 9 ! ?ird or f\r?8 ,illu/ration ,n9? ,attitude1--,?is is a /iff second attitude1 9 :i* ! /rong leg & also ! free "o are equally rigid4 ,! body 9 ?is attitude b5ds backw>d2 x is ! sign ( di/ru/ & scorn4 ,illu/ration ,! legs h "o aspect4 ,if1 9 ! second1 ! /rong leg advances sl[ly to f9d ! o!r1 x is ! tig] ab\t to leap ^u 8 prey2 if1 on ! contr>y1 ! free leg advances s(tly1 ! v5geance is ret>d$4 ,! m5ace made 9 figure #c1 ) incl9ation ( ! head & agitation ( ! index f+]1 is t ( a valet :o wi%es to play "s ill turn ^u 8 ma/]2 = ) ! body b5t & ! arm advanc$1 !re is no intellig5ce4 ,b x is ill-suit$ to v5geance1 because t attitude %\ld be /rong & solid1 ) ! eye mak+ ! indication bett] ?an ! f+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,crit]ion ( ! ,legs ,illu/ration4 ,crit]ion ( ! ,legs ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ! ,semeiotic1 or ! ,reason ( ,ge/ure4 ,! ,types :i* ,*>act]ize ,ge/ure4 ,! semeiotic is ! sci5ce ( signs1 & h5ce ! sci5ce ( ! =m ( ge/ure4 ,its object is to give ! reason = ! =ms ( ge/ure accord+ to ! types t *>act]ize x1 ! app>atus t modifies x1 & ! figures t repres5t x4 ,!re are ?ree sorts ( types 9 man3 con/itutional or =mal1 fugitive or passional1 & habitual4 ,! con/itutional type is t :i* we h at bir?4 ,! passional type is t :i* is reproduc$ "u ! sway ( passion4 ,! habitual types are ^? :i*1 frequ5tly reproduc$1 come to modify ev5 ! bones ( ! man1 & give him a p>ticul> con/itution4 ,habit is a second nature1 9 fact1 a habitual movem5t fa%ions ! mat]ial & physical be+ 9 su* a mann] z to create a type n inborn1 & :i* is nam$ habitual4 ,to recognize con/itutional types1 we /udy ! movem5ts ( ! body1 & ! pr(\nd action :i* ! habit ( ^! movem5ts ex]cises ^u ! body2 &1 z ! type produc$ by ^! movem5ts is 9 p]fect analogy ) ! =mal1 con/itutional types1 we come ?r\gh ?is analogy to inf] con/ant ph5om5a f ! passional =m4 ,?us all ! =mal types are br\ght back to ! passional types4 ,passional types expla9 habitual types1 & ^! la/ expla9 con/itutional types4 ,?us1 :5 we "k ! sum ( movem5ts possible to an organ1 :5 we "k ! s5se ( x1 we arrive at t semeiotic ?r\gh :i* ! reason ( a =m is p]fectly giv54 ,( ,ge/ure ,relative to its ,modify+ ,app>atus4 ,e ge/ure places itself 9 relation ) ! subject & ! object4 ,x is r>e t a movem5t t5d+ t[>d an object does n t\* ! d\ble =m4 ,?us1 9 say+ t a ?+ is admirable1 we />t f a multitude ( physical c5tres ^: s5se we are to det]m9e4 ,:5 ?is s5se is kn[n1 und]/&+ ! po9t ( dep>ture1 we und]/& /ill bett] t ( arrival4 ,?is division1 :i* is n made at r&om1 is reproduc$ 9 ! subjo9$ diagram4 #a repres5ts ! vital expression2 #b1 ! intellectual2 #c1 ! moral4 ,we divide ! face into ?ree zones3 ! g5al1#d buccal1 & frontal4 ,! expression is physical1 moral & intellectual4 ,9 ! po/]ior section ( ! head we h ! occipital1 p>ietal & temporal zones4 ,! life is 9 ! occiput1 ! s\l 9 ! p>ietal zone1 & ! m9d holds ! temporal region ne> ! =ehead z its inali5able domicile4 ,illu/ration ,! *e/ is divid$ into ! ?oracic c5tre = ! m9d1 into ! epiga/ric = ! s\l1 & into ! abdom9al = ! life4 ,! arm is divid$ into ?ree sections3 ! deltoid1 bra*ial & c>pal4 ,?is division is a rational "o4 ,let u suppose ?is exclamation3 ,x is admirable6 ,"s say x />t+ f ! %\ld]1 o!rs f ! *e/1 o!rs f ! abdom9al focus4 ,^! are ?ree v di/9ct modes4 ,!re is m intellig5ce :5 ! movem5t is f ! ?oracic c5tre4 ,?is conc]ns ! honor1 ! dignity4 ,:5 ! movem5t is f ! epiga/rium1 x is moral 9 a high degree4 ,= example3 ,?is is beautiful6 ,x is admirable6 ,i "k n :y1 b ?is gives me pleasure6 ,! movem5t f ! abdom5 indicates s5suality1 good nature1 & /upidity4 ,! movem5t is ! same ) ! head4 ,9 emotion x proce$s f ! *92 x is ! life movem5t1 x is in/9ct4 ,t f ! *eeks1 indicates s5tim5ts1 ! mo/ noble affections4 ,c>ry+ ! h& to ! =ehead indicates intellig5ce4 ,"h we seek relief f emb>rassm5t1 9 ! o!r head movem5ts we d n seek x4 ,! "o is a m5tal1 ! o!rs are purely physical ef=ts4 ,9 ! latt] case "o becomes viol5t & w\ld fa9 give bl[s ) 8 fi/4 ,an inf9ite numb] ( movem5ts proce$ f ^! v>i\s seats4 ,we h n[ rea*$ ! semeiotic /&po9t1 t ( ^! v cle> plans1 ! v />t+ po9t ( ge/ure4 ,! articul> c5tres ( ! arms are call$ !rmomet]s3 ! wri/1 t ( ! organic physical life2 ! %\ld]1 t ( ! s5sitive life2 & ! elb[1 t ( ! relative life4 ,! ?umb has mu* expression2 drawn backw>d x is a symbol ( dea?1 drawn =w>d x is ! sign ( life4 ,:]e !re is abundance ( life1 ! ?umb /&s out f ! h&4 ,if a fri5d promises me a s]vice ) ! ?umb drawn inw>d1 he deceives4 ,if ) ! ?umb 9 ! normal /ate1 he is a submissive b n a devot$ fri5d4 ,he _c be v mu* c\nt$ ^u4 ,if ! ?umb /&s outw>d1 we may rely ^u 8 promise4 ,we /ill f9d life1 s\l & m9d 9 ea* division ( ! body4 ,!re are also a buccal1 an occipital & an abdom9al life4 ,! body ( man1 ) all its active & attractive foci1 ) all its manife/ations1 may be consid]$ an ellipse4 ,^! well-indicat$ divisions may be /at$ 9 an analytic =mula3 -- ,,life3 ,occipital4 - -- ,,m9d3 ,temporal4 - -- ,,s\l3 ,p>ietal4 - -- ,,m9d3 ,frontal4 - -- -- ,,s\l3 ,buccal4 - -- ,,life3 ,g5al4 - _/ -- ,,m9d3 ,?oracic4 - ,attractive c5tres4- -- ,,s\l3 ,epiga/ric4 - -- ,,life3 ,abdom9al4 - -- ,,life3 ,%\ld]s4 - - ,expressive c5tres4 -- ,,s\l3 ,elb[s4 - _/ -- ,,m9d3 ,wri/s4 - -- ,,life3 ,?igh4 - -- ,,s\l3 ,knee4 - -- ,,m9d3 ,foot4 - -- ,?is is ! prop] place to fix ! def9ition ( ea* division by "s famili> illu/ration4 ,let u take an individual 9 a some:at emb>rass$ situation4 ,he is a g5tleman :o has be5 ov]come by w9e4 ,we see him t\*+ ! temporal bone1 or ! e>1 z if to seek "s exp$i5t3 ! /rategic m9d is !re4 ,let u beg9 ) ! desc5d+ gamut1 & let ! h& pass ov] all ! divisions ( ! attractive c5tres4 ,at ! occiput3 ,"h is an adv5ture6 ,i h really _h too /rong a dose ( !m6 ,at ! p>ietal bone3 ,:at a %ame6 ,at ! temporal bone3 ,:at w ! p say ( me8 ,at ! =ehead3 ,reason h[ev] tells me to pause4 ,at ! buccal zone3 ,h[ %all ,i d>e reappe> be=e ^? :o h se5 me 9 ?is /ate6 ,at ! g5al zone3 ,b !y did s]ve su* good w9e6 ,at ! brea/3 ,reason long ago advis$ temp]ance to me4 ,at ! epiga/rium3 ,i h s _m regrets e "t ,i transgress6 ,at ! abdom53 ,! devil6 ,g\rm&ism6 ,i am a wret*$ creature6 ,! same illu/rations may be reproduc$ 9 ! ris+ scale4 ,:5 ! p>ietals are t\*$1 ! idea & ! s5tim5t are v elevat$4 ,z ! foci rise1 !y become m exalt$4 ,let ?is be consid]$ f ano!r po9t ( view4 ,we %all reproduce gratitude by t\*+ all ! c5tres4 ,!y h be5 c5tres ( attraction1 we %all r5d] !m po9ts ( dep>ture4 ,i ?ank y6 ,! m elevat$ ! movem5ts1 ! m nobility !re is 9 ! expression ( ! s5tim5t4 ,! exaltation is proportional to ! section indicat$4 ,! po/]ior region is v int]e/+4 ,!re are ?ree sorts ( v]tebrae3 c]vical1 dorsal & lumb>4 ,?is app>atus may fir/ be consid]$ z a lev]4 ,b tak+ ! v]tical column alone1 we %all h tw5ty-f\r special & di/9ct keys ^: action & tonality w be entirely specific4 ,f ^! tw5ty-f\r v]tebrae proce$ ! n]v\s plexi1 all aid+ a p>ticul> expression2 s t ! v]tebral column =ms ! keys ( ! sympa!tic human in/rum5t4 ,if ! f+] is cut1 !re is a special emotion 9 "o place ( ! v]tebral column4 ,if ! f+] is cru%$ by ! bl[ ( a hamm]1 ! emotion w affect a special v]tebra4 ,! nose is "o ( ! mo/ complex & important ag5ts4 ,!re are "h n9e divisions to be /udi$4 7,see page #hb47 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,ge/ure 9 ,relation to ! ,figures :i* ,repres5t ,x4 ,ge/ure ?r\gh its inflections may reproduce all ! figures ( geometry4 ,we %all conf9e ourselves to a description ( ! prim>y & mo/ usual imitative inflections4 ,^! inflections comprise ?ree sorts ( movem5ts affect$ by ea* ge/ure1 :i* usually unite & con/itute a syn!tic =m4 ,^! ?ree movem5ts agree ) ! ?ree prim>y actions :i* *>act]ize ! manife/ations ( ! s\l1 ! m9d & ! life4 ,^! are direct1 circul> & oblique inflections4 ,! flexor movem5ts are direct1 ! rot>y movem5ts circul>1 ! abductory movem5ts oblique4 ,! sum ( ^! movem5ts con/itutes n9e co-ess5tial t]ms1 ^: union =ms ! accord ( n9e4 ,!re are ris+1 fall+ & m$ium inflections4 ,ge/ure does ev]y?+ t ! voice does 9 ris+4 ,h5ce !re is great aff9ity betwe5 ! voice & ! arms4 ,vocal inflection is l ! ge/ures ( ! bl9d2 9 fact1 ) acqua9tance1 "o may "k ! nature ( ! ge/ure f ! s\nd ( ! voice4 ,we exalt p by a circle4 ,we say t a ?+ is beautiful1 noble1 gr&--mak+ circles :i* grew high] & broad] z ! object is m elevat$4 ,we *oose ! circle = exalt+ & c>ess+1 because ! circle is ! mo/ agreeable =m to t\* & to c>ess4 ,= example1 an ivory ball4 ,?is =m applies to all t is great4 ,= ,god !re is no circle1 !re c be none4 ,b we outl9e a portion ( an imm5se circle1 ( :i* we c t\* b "o po9t4 ,we indicate only ! inn] p]iph]y ( a circle x is impossible to f9i%1 & !n retrace our /eps4 ,:5 ! circle is made small1 we make x ) "o1 two1 ?ree or f\r f+]s1 ) ! h&1 ) ! arm4 ,if ! circle is va/ z c be made ) ! arms1 x is homog5e\s4 ,b a small circle made ) ! arm w express /upidity4 ,?us we say ( a witty man3 ,?is is a witty man1 employ+ ! f+]s4 ,/upidity wi%+ to simulate ?is1 w\ld make a broad movem5t4 ,let u take ! fable ( ,capta9 ,r5>d z an example ( ?is view ( ! circle4 ,i depict ! cunn+ nature ( ?is capta9 ) my f+]s4 ,)\t ?is he w\ld n be a capta92 b at mo/ a corporal4 --,he w5t 9 company ,) 8 fri5d ,he-,goat ( ! bran*+ horns4 ,! "o c\ld see no f>!r ?an 8 nose2 ,! o!r 0 pa/ ma/] 9 deceit4 ,z !y g along1 ! fox relates all 8 exploits to ! goat1 & ! goat surpris$1 & wi%+ an end ( ! recital1 sees fit to make a ge/ure1 z he says3 ,i admire p full ( s5se l y4 ,9 mak+ ! small circle1 he employs n only ! f+]s1 b ! arm1 ! %\ld]1 ! :ole body4 ,he is an imbecile4 ,he wa/es too mu* ef=t 9 mak+ a small circle4 ,let u take a situation f an op]a4 ,:5 ,rob]t ent]s & sees ,isabella1 he says ( h]3 ,?is peaceful sleep1 ?is lull ( e s5se1 ,l5ds a yet sweet] *>m to ?is "y face4 ,! ge/ure is 9 ! =m ( a geometrical figure4 ,9 ano!r place1 ,rob]t says3 ,?y voice1 pr\d beauty1 few c und]/&4 ,"h a sph]oidal & !n a rectangul> movem5t mu/ be made4 ,we close ! door4 ,h] voice w be und]/ood by me1 alone4 ,he might say3 ,?y voice1 pr\d beauty1 w n be und]/ood4 ,x w be elevat$ = me1 & n = o!rs4 ,e s5tim5t has its =m1 its pla/ic expression1 & z its =m is m or less elaborat$1 we may judge ( ! elevation ( ! speak]'s ?\ght4 ,if we c\ld /]eotype ge/ure1 we might say3 ,?is "o has ! m elevat$ he>t1 t "o ! lea/ elevat$2 ?is "o 9 ! matt]1 t "o 9 ! _s ( 8 disc\rse4 ,all ge/ures may be v well del9eat$4 ,an orator ge/iculat+ be=e ! public1 resembles a pa9t] :o p5cils outl9es & designs ^u a wall4 ,?is reproduction ( ! figures ( ge/ure is call$ ,*orography4 ,we give 9 ! subjo9$ *>t "s types ( ge/ure4 ,^! are a few fl[]s cull$ f a ri* g>d54 ,to express s5sual grace ! ge/ure takes ! d[nw>d sph]oidal =m4 ,! virtu\s =m w\ld be upw>d4 ,if we wi% to express _m attractive ?+s1 we make _m sph]oidal ge/ures4 ,:at is call$ ! culm9at+ po9t ( ! ge/ure1 mu/ n be =gott54 ,?is is a r+ 9 ! =m ( ! la/ /roke ( ! ,g]man lett] ,d1 :i* is made by a quick1 electric movem5t ( ! wri/4 ,we ref] ! /ud5t to ! close ( ! volume1 = a model ( ex]cises compris+ a s]ies ( ge/ures :i* express ! mo/ eloqu5t s5tim5ts ( ! human he>t4 ,?is ex]cise 9 ge/ure has two advantages3 x pres5ts all ! int]e/ ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ drama1 & is ! be/ means ( ga9+ suppl5ess by accu/om+ ourselves to ! laws ( ge/ure4 ,illu/ration3 ,crit]ion ( ,*orography4 ,illu/ration3 ,inflective ,m$allion4 ,! v]tical l9e #a expresses affirmation4 ,! horizontal l9e #b expresses negation4 ,! oblique l9e #c rejects despicable ?+s4 ,! oblique l9e #d rejects ?+s :i* oppress u1 ( :i* we w\ld be fre$4 #e4 ,! qu>t]-circle1 ^: =m recalls t ( ! hammock1 expresses well-be+1 happ9ess1 confid5ce4 #f4 ,! curvil9e> ecc5tric qu>t]-circle expresses secrecy1 sil5ce1 possession1 dom9ation1 /ability1 imposition1 inclusion4 #g4 ,! curvil9e> outside qu>t]-circle expresses ?+s sl5d]1 delicate 79 two ways72 ! d[nw>d movem5t expresses moral & intellectual delicacy4 #h4 ,! outside qu>t]-circle expresses exub]ance1 pl5itude1 amplitude1 g5]osity4 #i4 ,! circle :i* surr\nds & embraces1 *>act]izes glorification & exaltation4 ,"p ,?ird4 ,articulate ,language4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,orig9 & ,organic ,app>atus ( ,language4 ,man reveals 8 life ?r\gh m ?an f\r millions ( inflections ere he c speak or ge/iculate4 ,:5 he beg9s to reason1 to make ab/ractions1 ! vocal app>atus & ge/ure are insuffici5t2 he mu/ speak1 he mu/ give 8 ?\ght an outside =m s t x may be appreciat$ & transmitt$ ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,!re are ?+s :i* c be express$ nei!r by s\nd nor ge/ure4 ,= in/ance1 h[ %all we say at ! same "t ( a plant3 ,x is beautiful1 b x has no smell4 ,?\ght mu/ !n be reveal$ by conv5tional signs1 :i* are articulation4 ,!re=e1 ,god has end[$ man ) ! ri* gift ( spee*4 ,spee* is ! s5se ( ! intellig5ce2 s\nd ! s5se ( ! life1 & ge/ure t ( ! he>t4 ,s\l communicates ) s\l only ?r\gh ! s5ses4 ,! s5ses are ! condition ( man z a pilgrim on ?is e>?4 ,man is oblig$ to mat]ialize all3 ! s5sations ?r\gh ! voice1 ! s5tim5ts ?r\gh ge/ure1 ! ideas ?r\gh spee*4 ,! means ( transmission are always mat]ial4 ,?is is :y ! *ur* has sacram5ts1 an ext]ior wor%ip1 *ants1 c]emonies4 ,all its in/itutions arise f a pr9ciple em95tly philosophical4 ,spee* is =m$ by ?ree ag5ts3 ! lips1 ! tongue & ! s(t-palate4 ,x is delightful to /udy ! special role ( ^! ag5ts1 ! reason ( _! movem5ts4 ,!y h a s]ies ( ge/ures t may be p]fectly und]/ood4 ,?us language resembles ! h&1 hav+ also its ge/ure4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,elem5ts ( ,articulate ,language4 ,e language is compos$ ( consonants & v[els4 ,^! consonants & v[els are ge/ures4 ,! value ( ! consonant is ! ge/ure ( ! ?+ express$4 ,b z ge/ure is always ! expression ( a moral fact1 ea* consonant has ! intr9sic "* ( a movem5t ( ! he>t4 ,x is easy to prove t ! consonant is a ge/ure4 ,= example1 9 articulat+ x1 ! tongue rises to ! palate & makes ! same movem5t z ! arm :5 x w\ld repel some?+4 ,! elem5ts ( all languages h ! same mean+4 ,! v[els correspond directly to ! moral /ate4 ,!re is div]sity ( language because ! ?+s we wi% to express v>y f diff]5ce 9 usage & diff]5ce ( mann] & climate4 ,:at we call a %oe1 be>s among nor!rn p a "n indicat+ t x protects ! feet f ! cold2 among s\!rn p x protects ! feet f ! heat4 ,else:]e ! %oe protects ! feet aga9/ ! r\ghness ( ! soil2 & 9 yet o!r places1 x exi/s only z a def5sive object--a weapon4 ,^! div]se int]pretations require div]se signs4 ,?is does n prove ! div]sity ( language1 b ! div]sity ( ! s5ses affect$ by ! same object4 ,?+s are p]ceiv$ only aft] ! fa%ion ( ! p]ceiv]1 & ?is is :y ! syllables v>y among diff]5t peoples4 ,nev]!less1 !re is b "o language4 ,we f9d ev]y:]e ^! words3 ,i an active p]sonality1 me a passive p]sonality1 & m9e an aw>d+ p]sonality4 ,9 e language we f9d ! subject1 ! v]b & ! adjective4 ,e articulate language is compos$ ( sub/antive1 adjective & copulative ideas4 ,all arts are f\nd 9 articulation4 ,s\nd is ! articulation ( ! vocal app>atus2 ge/ure ! articulation ( ! dynamic app>atus2 language ! articulation ( ! buccal app>atus4 ,!re=e1 music1 ! pla/ic arts & spee* h _! orig9 & _! p]fection 9 articulation4 ,x is1 !n1 ( ! utmo/ importance to und]/& ?or\ghly ! elem5ts ( spee*1 :i* is at ! same "t a vocalization & a dynamic4 ,)\t ?is k no oratorical art is possible4 ,let u n[ ha/5 to take possession ( ! ri*es ( spee*4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! ,oratorical ,value ( ,spee*4 ,! privilege ( spee* may be consid]$ "u a d\ble aspect1 9 itself & 9 its relations to ! art ( oratory4 #a4 ,9 ,itself4--,spee* is ! mo/ wond]ful gift ( ! ,creator4 ,?r\gh spee* man occupies ! fir/ rank 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,x is ! language ( ! reason1 & reason lifts man above e creature4 ,man ?r\gh spee* inc>nates 8 m9d to unite himself ) 8 fell[-m51 z ! ,son ( ,god 0 inc>nat$ to unite ) human nature2 l ! ,son ( ,god :o n\ri%es humanity ) 8 body 9 ! eu*>i/1 s man makes 8 spee* und]/ood by multitudes :o receive x entire1 )\t division or dim9ution4 ,et]nal ?anks to ,god = ?is ineffable gift1 s great 9 itself1 ( su* value 9 ! art ( oratory6 #b4 ,:at is ! oratorical value ( spee*8 ,9 oratorical art1 spee* plays a subord9ate b indisp5sable role4 ,let u exam9e sep>ately ! two memb]s ( ?is proposition4 ,a4--,9 ! hi]>*y ( oratorical p[]s1 spee* comes only 9 ! ?ird ord]4 ,9 fact1 ! *ild beg9s to utt] cries & to ge/iculate be=e he speaks4 ,! text is only a label4 ,! s5se lies n 9 spee*1 b 9 inflection & ge/ure4 ,nature in/itutes a movem5t1 spee* names ! movem5t4 ,writ+ is a dead lett]4 ,spee* is only ! title ( t :i* ge/ure has ann\nc$2 spee* comes only to confirm :at is already und]/ood by ! auditors4 ,we are mov$ 9 read+1 n s mu* by :at is said1 z by ! mann] ( read+4 ,x is n :at we he> t affects u1 b t :i* we ourselves imag9e4 ,an au?or _c fully express 8 ideas 9 writ+2 h5ce ! int]pretation ( ! he>] is (t5 false1 because he does n "k ! writ]4 ,x is rem>kable1 ! way 9 :i* we ref] ev]y?+ to ourselves4 ,we mu/ ne$s create a semblance ( x4 ,we are affect$ by a disc\rse because we place ! p]sonage 9 a situation our fancy has creat$4 ,h5ce x happ5s t we may be wrong 9 our int]pretation1 & t ! au?or might say3 ,?is is n my mean+4 ,9 he>+ a symphony we at once imag9e a sc5e1 we give x an aspect2 ?is is :y x affects u4 ,a writt5 disc\rse requires _m illu/rative epi!ts2 9 a spok5 disc\rse1 ! adjectives may be replac$ by ge/ure & inflection4 ,imitation is ! melody ( ! eye1 inflection is ! melody ( ! e>4 ,all t /rikes ! eye has a s\nd2 ?is is :y ! sight ( ! />s produces an en*ant+ melody 9 our s\ls4 ,h5ce 9 a disc\rse1 spee* is ! lett]1 & x is inflection & ge/ure :i* give x life4 ,nev]!less3-- ,b4--,! role ( spee*1 al?\gh subord9ate1 is n only important1 b necess>y4 ,9 fact1 human language1 z we h said1 is compos$ ( inflection1 ge/ure & spee*4 ,language w\ld n be complete )\t spee*4 ,spee* has no?+ to d ) s5tim5t1 x is true1 b a disc\rse is n all s5tim5t2 !re is a place = reason1 = demon/ration1 & ^u ?is gr\nd ge/ure has no?+ to d2 ! entire "w "h falls back ^u spee*4 ,spee* is ! cr[n ( oratorical action2 x is ?is :i* gives ! f9al elucidation1 :i* ju/ifies ge/ure4 ,ge/ure has depict$ ! object1 ! ,be+1 & spee* responds3 ,god4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,! ,value ( ,words 9 ,phrases4 ,expression is v difficult4 ,"o may possess great k & lack p[] to express x4 ,eloqu5ce does n always accompany intellect4 ,z a rule1 poets d n "k h[ to read :at !y h writt54 ,h5ce we may e/imate ! importance ( und]/&+ ! value ( ! diff]5t portions ( a disc\rse4 ,let u n[ exam9e intellectual language 9 relation to int5sity ( ideas4 ,!re are n9e species ( words1 or n9e species ( ideas4 ,! article ne$ n be c\nt$1 s9ce x is lack+ 9 sev]al languages4 ,x is ! accord ( n9e :i* composes ! language1 & :i* corresponds to ! numb]s4 ,e ^w has a det]m9ate1 ma!matical value4 ,z _m unities mu/ be reckon$ on ! initial consonant z !re are values 9 ! ^w4 ,?us ! subject has less value ?an ! attribute4 ,! attribute has a value ( six degrees & repres5ts six times ! int5sity ( ! subject4 ,:y8 ,because ,god has will$ t we %\ld =mulate our idea ) ma!matical int5sities4 ,! value re/s only ^u ! initial consonant ( ! ^w4 ,words h only "o expressive portion1 t is1 ! initial consonant4 ,x receives ! :ole value1 & is ! inv>iable "p ( ! ^w4 ,x is ! root4 ,words are trans=m$ 9 pass+ f language to language1 & nev]!less reta9 _! radical4 ,h[ %all we say t a fl[] is *>m+8 ,d n dem& ( int5sity ( s\nd a value x does n possess4 ,x suffices to await ! articulation ( ! consonant4 ,! mo/ normal ph5om5a rema9 true to me*anical laws4 ,! m]e articulation ( ! ^w expresses m ?an all ! vocal & imitative effects t c be introduc$4 ,mo/ speak]s dwell ^u ! f9al ^w2 ?is habit is absolutely oppos$ to ! nature ( he>t movem5ts4 ,?is s*ool habit is h>d to correct1 & if ,ra*el became a great arti/e1 x 0 because %e did n h ?is prec$5t4 ,! subject repres5ts "o degree2 x is ! weake/ expression4 ,! v]b repres5ts two degrees2 ! attribute six4 ,let u illu/rate ! mann] ( pass+ f "o to six z foll[s3 ,a ru/ic comes to visit y ^u "s sort ( bus9ess4 ,?is man has a purpose4 ,z y are a musician he is surpris$ by 8 fir/ sight ( a piano4 ,he says to himself3 ,:at is ?is8 ,x is a s+ul> object4 ,x is nei!r a table nor a cupbo>d4 ,he n[ p]ceives ! ivory keys & o!r keys ( ebony4 ,:at c ?is mean8 ,he /&s conf\nd$ be=e an in/rum5t entirely new to him4 ,if x 7 giv5 to him1 he w\ld n "k :at to d ) x2 he might burn x4 ,! piano int]e/s him s mu* t he =gets ! object ( 8 visit4 ,he sees y arrive4 ,y occupy = him ! place ( ! v]b 9 relation to ! object :i* int]e/s him4 ,he passes f ?is object to y4 ,al?\gh y are n ! object :i* engrosses him1 !re is a progression 9 ! int]e/1 because he kn[s t ?r\gh y he w le>n :at ?is piece ( furniture is4 ,tell me :at ?is is6 he cries4 ,y /rike ! piano2 x gives =? an accord4 ,o heav5s1 h[ beautiful6 ,he is greatly mov$1 he utt]s _m expressions ( delight1 & n[ he w\ld n burn ! in/rum5t4 ,"h is a progression4 ,at fir/ ! piece ( furniture int]e/s him2 !n its own] /ill m2 at la/ ! attributes ( ! piano give x its entire value4 ,b :y six degrees ^u ! la/ t]m8 ,! value ( a fact comes f its limitation2 ! k ( an idea also proce$s f its limitation4 ,a fact 9 its g5]al & vague expression1 awak5s b little int]e/4 ,b z x desc5ds f ! g5us to ! species1 f ! species to ! individual1 x gr[s m int]e/+4 ,x comes m )9 our capacity4 ,we d n embrace ! va/ circle ( a g5]ic fact4 ,let u take ano!r proposition3 ,a fl[] is pleas+4 #a #b #cdef --------- ,fl[] is pleas+ ------ #c #g -- ( ! =e/ v --- #d --------- ?is ---------------- #e #h --- ----------- little -- b ---- #a #b #f #i x- is fad$ ,oh6 ,! ^w fl[] alone says no?+ to ! imag9ation4 ,is x a rose or a lily ( ! valley8 ,! expression is too vague4 ,:5 ! idea ( g5us is modifi$ by t ( species1 we are bett] satisfi$4 ,let u say3 ,! fl[] ( ! =e/4 ,?is ^w =e/ conveys an idea to ! m9d4 ,we c make our b\quet4 ,we ?9k ( ! lily ( ! valley1 ( ! violet1 ! anemone1 ! p]iw9kle4 ,?is re/riction gives value to ! subject4 ,=e/ is m important ?an ! v]b :i* does n complete ! idea1 & less important ?an pleas+4 ,!re=e we place #c ^u =e/1 & %all rank pleas+ f #c to #d1 s9ce x closes ! ass]tion4 ,if we individualize by ! ^w ?is1 we augm5t ! value by giv+ actuality to ! ^w fl[]4 ,?is has m value ?an ! =e/1 because x designates ! subject4 ,h5ce ?is has f\r degrees4 ,z pleas+ =ms ! v ess5ce ( our proposition1 we are oblig$ to give x five degrees4 ,! idea is /ill some:at vague4 ,if ,i specify x /ill fur!r by say+ ?is little fl[]1 little has a high] value ?an all ! o!r words4 ,:at value %all we give ?is adjective8 ,we h rea*$ five1 b h n yet fully express$ ! idea :i* impresses u4 ,little mu/ !re=e h six degrees4 ,?is is ! sole law = all ! languages ( ! _w4 ,!re are no two ways ( articulat+ ! words ( a disc\rse4 ,:5 we le>n a disc\rse by he>t 9 ord] to deliv] x1 & take no acc\nt ( ! value ( ! t]ms1 ! div9e law is rev]s$4 ,n[1 if we c\ld introduce an expression "h1 :i* w\ld at once enhance ! value ( ! ^w pleas+1 x w\ld evid5tly be /rong] ?an all ! o!rs4 ,9 fact1 if ! way 9 :i* a ?+ is pleas+ c be express$1 x is evid5t t ?is mann] ( be+ pleas+ w rise above ! ^w itself4 ,we d n "k ! proportion 9 :i* ! fl[] is pleas+4 ,we w say t x is v pleas+4 ,?is adv]b gives ! ^w pleas+ a new value4 ,x is 9 turn modifi$4 ,if we %\ld say imm5sely1 or use any o!r adv]b ( quantity1 ! value w\ld rema9 ! same4 ,x w\ld /ill be a modification4 ,?us1 :5 we say ( ,god t he is good1 imm5se1 inf9ite1 !re is always a limitation atta*$ to ! idea ( ,god1--a limitation necess>y to our nature4 ,= ,god is n good 9 ! way we und]/& goodness or greatness2 b our f9ite m9ds ne$ "s expression = our idea4 ,we see ! ^w pleas+ modifi$ 9 turn1 & ! t]m :i* modifies x1 is high] ?an itself4 ,v pleas+1--:at value %all we give x8 ,we c give x no m ?an sev5 "h4 ,a s+le ^w may oblit]ate ! effect produc$ by all ^! expressions4 ,a simple conjunction may be introduc$ :i* w entirely modify all we h tak5 pa9s to say4 ,x is a b4 ,b is an entire disc\rse4 ,we no long] believe :at has be5 said hi!rto1 b :at foll[s ?is ^w4 ,?is conjunction has a value ( eight degrees1 a value possible to all conjunctions )\t exception4 ,x sums up ! *anges indicat$ by subsequ5t expressions1 & embraces !m syn!tically4 ,x has1 !n1 a v great oratorical value4 ,! ,conjunction4 #a4 ,we ref] "h only to conjunctions 9 ! elliptical s5se4 ,! conjunction is an ellipse1 because x is ! middle t]m betwe5 two memb]s ( ! s5t5ce :i* are ! extremes2 x recalls :at has j be5 said1 & indicates :at is to come4 ,consid]$ 9 itself1 ! ^w &1 :5 elliptical1 embraces :at has j be5 said1 & :at is ab\t to be said4 ,all ?is is f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciple t ! means are equal to ! extremes4 #b4 ,! copulative or enum]ative conjunctions1 h only two degrees4 ,we see t a conjunction is n elliptical :51 in/ead ( unit+ propositions1 x unites only ideas ( ! same "*4 #c4 ,det]m9ative conjunctions h only ?ree degrees4 ,= example3 ,x is necess>y t ,i %\ld "w4 ,t has only ?ree degrees4 #d4 ,! values indicat$ c be *ang$ only by additional values ju/ifi$ by ge/ure4 ,?us 9 ! phrase3 ,?is m$ley ( glory & honor1--! value ( ! ^w m$ley c & mu/ be *ang$2 b a ge/ure is necess>y1 = spee* is only a feeble e*o ( ge/ure4 ,only ge/ure c ju/ify a value o!r ?an t indicat$ 9 ?is demon/ration4 ,?is value is purely grammatical1 b ! ge/ure may give x a sup]lative idea1 :i* we call additional value4 ,! value ( consonants may v>y 9 ! pronunciation accord+ to _! valuation by ! speak]s4 ,m or less value is giv5 to ! degrees not$ & to be not$1 z !re is m or less emotion 9 ! speak]4 ,?is expla9s :y a ge/ure1 :i* expresses an emotion ( ! s\l1 ju/ifies *ang+ ! grammatical value 9 ! pronunciation ( consonants4 #e4 ,ev5 aside f additional values1 ! ge/ure mu/ always prec$e ! articulation ( ! initial consonant4 ,o!rwise to obs]ve ! degree w\ld be supremely ridicul\s4 ,! speak] w\ld resemble a skeleton1 a /atue4 ,! law ( values becomes vital only ?r\gh ge/ure & inflection4 ,/ripp$ ( ! poetry ( ge/ure & inflection1 ! application ( ! law is mon/r\s4 ,to place six degrees ^u pleas+ )\t ge/ure1 is abom9able4 ,we n[ und]/& ! _s ( ge/ure1 :i* is giv5 to man to ju/ify values4 ,x is = him to decide :e!r ! proposition is true or n4 ,if we deprive our disc\rse ( ge/ures1 no way is left to prove ! tru? ( values4 ,?us ge/ure is prescrib$ by c]ta9 figures1 & we %all n[ see f a proposition1 h[ _m ge/ures are ne$$1 & to :at ^w ! ge/ure %\ld be giv54 ,! ,conjunction ,cont9u$--,v>i\s ,examples4 ,! degree ( value giv5 to ! conjunction1 may be repres5t$ by ! figure #h4 ,let u ju/ify ?is valuation by cit+ ^! two l9es ( ,rac9e3 ,! wave comes on1 x breaks1 & vomits 'nea? our eyes1 ,amid ! floods ( foam1 a mon/] grim & dire4 ,! ord9>y read] w\ld all[ ! conjunction & to pass unp]ceiv$1 because ! ^w is n sonor\s1 & we accord oratorical effects only to sonor\s words4 ,b ! man :o sees ! mean+ fully1 & :o adds &1 has said ! :ole4 ,! o!r words are important1 b ev]y?+ is impli$ 9 ?is conjunction4 ,rac9e has n plac$ & "h to disjo91 b to unite4 ,we give ano!r example ( ! conjunction3 ,augu/us says to ,c9na3 ,take a *air ,c9na1 & 9 all ?+s he$ ,/rictly ! law t ,i lay d[n = !e4 ,let u suppress ! isolation & sil5ce ( ! conjunction1 & !re is no m color4 ,augu/us adds3 ,hold ?y tongue captive1 & if sil5ce deep ,to ?y emotion d "s viol5ce-- ,suppress ! sil5ce & isolation ( ! conjunction &1 & h[ poor is ! expression6 ,9 ! fable ( ,! ,wolf & ! ,dog3 ,sire wolf w\ld gladly h attack$ & sla9 him1 b x w\ld h be5 necess>y to give battle1 & x 0 n[ almo/ morn+4 ,! entire significance lies 9 ! sil5ce :i* foll[s ! conjunctions4 ,we speak ( a sympa!tic conjunction1 & also ( "o d5ot+ surprise or admiration2 b ?is conjunction diff]s f ! int]jection1 only 9 ?is respect3 x re/s ^u ! propositions & unites its t]ms4 ,l ! int]jection1 x is ( a syn!tic & elliptic nature2 x gr\ps all ! expressions x unites z int]jectives4 ,x is1 !n1 f ?is po9t ( view1 exclamative4 ,9 ! fable ( ,! ,wolf & ! ,lamb1 ! wolf says3 ,?is mu/ be "s "o ( y\r own race1 = y w\ld n ?9k ( sp>+ me1 y %eph]ds & y dogs4 ,"h is an int]jective conjunction4 ,suppress ! compla9t aft] =1 & !re is no m effect4 ,! conjunction is ! s\l ( ! disc\rse4 ,9 ! exclamation 9 ,joseph ,sold by 8 ,bre?r51 we aga9 f9d an int]jective conjunction4 ,alas4444444444 & ,! +rates :o w\ld sell me6 ,"h ! conjunction & yields little to ! int]jection alas4 ,x has fully z mu* value4 ,! ,int]jection 9 ,relation to its ,degree ( ,value4 ,! int]jection has #i degrees2 ?is is admirably suit$ to ! int]jection1 an elliptical t]m :i* comprises ! ?ree t]ms ( a proposition4 ,9 summ+ up ! value ( a simple proposition1 we h 7a notewor?y ?+7 ! figure #i4 ,?is gives ! accord ( #i4 ,! subject #a1 ! v]b #b1 & #f ^u ! attribute1 equal #i4 ,?us ! equation is p]fect4 ,ge/ure is ! r5d]+ ( ! ellipse4 ,ge/ure is ! elliptical language giv5 to man to express :at spee* is p[]less to say4 ,we h spok5 ( additional figures4 ,ea* ( ^! figures supposes a ge/ure4 ,!re is a ge/ure1 an imitative expression :]ev] !re is an additional figure4 ,an ellipse 9 a ^w1 su* z is met ) 9 ! conjunction & ! int]jection1 dem&s a ge/ure4 #i is a neutral t]m :i* mu/ be su/a9$ by ge/ure & inflection4 ,ge/ure w\ld be ! inflection ( ! deaf1 inflection ! ge/ure ( ! bl9d4 ,! orator %\ld1 9 fact1 address himself to ! deaf z well z to ! bl9d4 ,ge/ure & inflection %\ld supplem5t physical & m5tal infirmities1 & ,god 9 tru? has giv5 man ?is d\ble means ( expression4 ,!re is also a triple expression1 :i* is d\ble 9 view ( ?is same modification ( spee*4 ,let u suppose ?is proposition3 ,h[ mu* pa9 ,i suff] 9 he>+6 ,accord+ to ! rules laid d[n1 we h #c ^u pa91 #f ^u suff]1 & #f aga9 ^u he>+4 ,x is said t ,talma br\ght out ! int5sity ( 8 suff]+ by re/+ on ! ^w pa94 ,?is 0 wrong4 ,we %\ld always seek ! expression equival5t to t employ$1 to atta9 a c]ta9 value4 ,if1 in/ead ( ! det]m9ate conjunction t1 we %\ld h h[ mu* 7combi571 ?is w\ld evid5tly be ! important ^w4 ,?is ^w has an elliptical =m4 ,x evid5tly belongs to a prec$+ proposition4 ,x means3 ,i c\ld n express all t ,i suff]4 ,!n #f mu/ be plac$ ^u h[ mu* & n ^u pa94 ,b ! figure #f "h is a !rmomet] :i* indicates a degree ( vitality2 x does n express ! degree ( vitality2 t is res]v$ = ge/ure4 ,we ne$ n ask :at degree ?is c give2 its (fice is to express--& ?is is a good deal--a value me*anical & mat]ial1 b v significant4 ,a rev]sion ( values may con/itute a falsehood4 ,/age actors are sometimes indef9ably comic 9 ?is way4 ,a ,resume ( ! ,degrees ( ,value4 ,to cr[n ?is unprec$5t$ /udy ^u language1 we give 9 a table1 a resume ( ! diff]5t degrees ( value 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( a disc\rse1 relative to ! initial consonant4 ,! object ( ! preposition #a ,! v]b to be & ! prepositions #b ,! direct or indirect regim5 #c ,! limit+ 7possessive & demon/rative7 adjectives #d ,! qualify+ adjectives #e ,! p>ticiples or sub/antives tak5 adjectively or attributively2 t is to say1 e ^w com+ imm$iately aft] ! v]b1 9 f9e1 ! attribute #f ,! adv]bs #g ,conjunctions1 sup]lative ideas or additional figures #h ,! int]jection #i ,! pron\n is ei!r subject or complem5t1 & !re=e includ$ 9 ! re/4 ,z = ! article1 x is n ess5tial to a language2 !re is no article 9 ,lat94 ,?us ! value ( our ideas is express$ by figures4 ,we h only to reckon on our f+]s4 ,we might beat "t = ! pronunciation ( ! consonants z = ! notes ( music4 ,let ! pupil ex]cise 8 f+]s1 & atta9 t skill :i* all[s ! articulation ( a radical consonant only aft] he has m>k$ ) 8 f+] ! "t correspond+ to its figure4 ,if difficulties pres5t !mselves at fir/1 s mu* ! bett]2 he w only ! m accurately di/+ui% ! value ( ! words4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,fr5* & ,lat9 ,prosody4 ,fr5* ,prosody4 ,prosody is ! rhy?mic pronunciation ( syllables accord+ to acc5t1 respiration1 &1 above all1 quantity4 ,9 ! ,italian !re are no two equal s\nds2 ! quantity is nev] uni=m4 ,italian is1 !re=e1 ! mo/ musical ( languages4 ,:]e we place "o acc5t ^u a v[el1 ! ,italians place t54 ,!re is a euphonic law = e language2 all idioms mu/ h an acc5t4 ,9 e language !re are int5se s\nds & subdu$ s\nds2 ! ,italians hold to ?is v>iety ( alt]nate %ort & long s\nds4 ,cont9u\s beauty %\ld be avoid$4 ,a beautiful tone mu/ be introduc$ to relieve ! o!rs4 ,monotony 9 s\nds z well z 9 pronunciation1 mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,h>mony lies 9 opposition4 ,!re is b "o rule ( quantity 9 ,fr5* pronunciation4 ,"h is ! text ( ?is law3 ,!re are & c be only long initial or f9al v[els--:5ce we conclude3 #a4 ,e f9al is long & e p5ultimate is f9al1 s9ce e mute is n pron\nc$4 #b4 ,! l5g? ( initial v[els dep5ds ^u ! value ( ! initial consonants :i* !y prec$e4 ,a ^w _c conta9 two long v[els unless x beg9s ) a v[el4 ,9 ?is case1 ! v[el ( ! prec$+ ^w is long1 & prep>es = ! enunciation ( ! consonant accord+ to its degree4 ,e fir/ consonant 9 a ^w is /rong1 z x con/itutes ! radical or inv>iable "p ( ! ^w4 ,! =ce ( ?is consonant is subord9ate to ! rul+ degree ( ! idea x is call$ to decide4 ,b e v[el :i* prec$es ?is fir/ consonant is long1 s9ce x s]ves z a prep>ation = x4 ,b to :at degree ( l5g? may ?is initial v[el be c>ri$8 ,! repres5tative figure ( ! consonant w indicate x4 ,usually1 ! fir/ consonant ( e ^w is radical4 ,/ill !re might be o!r radical consonants 9 ! same ^w4 ,b ! fir/ w\ld rise above ! o!rs4 ,! radical designates ! sub/ance ( be+1 & ! la/ consonant ! mann]4 ,! :ole secret ( expression lies 9 ! "t we delay ! articulation ( ! initial consonant4 ,?is space arre/s ! att5tion & prev5ts our cat*+ ! s\nd at a disadvantage4 ,lat9 ,prosody4 #a4 ,! f9al ( a ^w ( sev]al syllables is usually %ort4 #b4 ,9 words ( two syllables1 ! fir/ is long4 ,9 ,lat9 words ( two syllables1 ! fir/ almo/ always conta9s ! radical4 #c4 ,9 words ( ?ree & m syllables1 !re is "o long syllable3 sometimes ! fir/1 sometimes ano!r4 ,we re/ only ^u ?is1 all ! o!rs be+ c\nt$ m or less %ort4 ,9 comp\nd words no acc\nt ne$ be made ( prefixes2 ,!re are _m comp\nd words2 &1 consequ5tly1 x is (t5 ! la/ or next to ! la/ consonant :i* is ! radical4 ,! la/ consonant repres5ts always1 9 v>iable words1 quality1 p]son1 mode or "t4 ,! radical1 on ! contr>y1 repres5ts ! sum & sub/ance4 #d4 ,monosyllables are long1 b !y h1 especially :5 !y foll[ ea* o!r1 p>ticul> rules1 :i* result f ! s5se ( ! phrases1 & f ! mutual dep5d5ce ( words4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,me?od4 ,dictation ,ex]cises4 ,a subject & text be+ giv51 notes may be writt5 "u ! n9e foll[+ heads3 #a4 ,oratorical value ( ideas4 #b4 ,! ellipse4 #c4 ,vocal inflections4 #d4 ,inflective aff9ities1 or relation to ! prec$+ inflections4 #e4 ,ge/ures4 #f4 ,imitative aff9ities4 #g4 ,! special rule = ea* ge/ure4 #h4 ,! law :5ce ?is rule proce$s4 #i4 ,reflections ^u ! portrayal ( p]sonal "*4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,ge/ures = ,ex]cises4 ,prelim9>y ,reflections4 ,we "k ! words ( ,g>rick3 ,i d n confide 9 myself1 n ,i1 9 t inspiration = :i* idle m$iocrity waits4 ,art1 !n1 pres5ts a solid basis to ! arti/1 ^u :i* he c re/ & reproduce at w ! hi/ory ( ! human he>t z reveal$ by ge/ure4 ,?is is true1 & x is z an application ( ?is tru? t we are ab\t to consid] ! s]ies1 :i* is an exposition ( ! passions t agitate man1 an initiation into imitative language4 ,x is a poem1 & at ! same "t x lays d[n rules ?r\gh ^: aid ! self-possess$ arti/ c rega9 ! ge/ure :i* arises f sudd5 p]turbation ( ! he>t4 ,x is a gramm> :i* mu/ be /udi$ incessantly1 9 ord] to und]/& ! orig9 & value ( imitative expressions4 ,! developm5t ( ! s]ies is bas$ ^u ! /atic1 ! semeiotic & ! dynamic4 ,! /atic is ! life ( ge/ure2 x is ! sci5ce ( ! equipoise ( lev]s1 x tea*es ! weight ( ! limbs & ! ext5t ( _! developm5t1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! equilibrium ( ! body4 ,its crit]ion %\ld be a sort ( balance4 ,! semeiotic is ! _s & rationale ( ge/ure4 ,x is ! sci5ce ( signs4 ,! dynamic is ! action ( equipond]ant =ces ?r\gh ! /atic2 x regulates ! proportion ( movem5ts ! s\l w\ld impress ^u ! body4 ,! f\ndation & crit]ion ( ! dynamic1 is ! law ( ! p5dulum4 ,! s]ies proce$s1 re/+ ^u ^! ?ree p[]s4 ,! semeiotic has giv5 ! signs1 x becomes ae/hetic 9 apply+ !m4 ,! semeiotic says3 ,su* a ge/ure reveals su* a passion2 & ge/ure replies3 ,to su* a passion ,i w apply su* a sign4 ,& )\t await+ ! aid ( an inspiration (t5 haz>d\s1 deceitful & unc]ta91 x m\lds ! body to its w1 & =ces x to reproduce ! passion ! s\l has conceiv$4 ,! semeiotic is a sci5ce1 ! ae/hetic an act ( g5ius4 ,! s]ies divides its movem5ts into p]iods ( "t1 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple t ! m "t a movem5t has1 ! m its vitality & p[]2 & s e articulation becomes ! object ( a "t4 ,! articulations unfold successively & h>moni\sly4 ,e articulation :i* has no action1 mu/ rema9 absolutely p5d5t1 or become /iff4 ,grace is closely unit$ to ge/ure2 ! manifold play ( ! articulations :i* con/itutes /r5g?1 also con/itutes grace4 ,grace subdues only because su/a9$ by /r5g?1 & because /r5g? naturally subdues4 ,grace )\t /r5g? is affectation4 ,e vehem5t movem5t mu/ affect ! v]tical position1 because obliquity deprives ! movem5t ( =ce1 by tak+ f x ! possibility ( %[+ ! play ( ! articulations4 ,! demon/ration ( movem5t is 9 ! head4 ,! head is ! prim>y ag5t ( movem5t2 ! body is ! m$ium ag5t1 ! arm ! f9al ag5t4 ,?ree ag5ts 9 ge/ure are especially affect$ 9 *>act]iz+ ! life1 m9d & s\l4 ,! ?umb is ! index-sign ( life2 ! %\ld] is ! sign ( passion & s5tim5t2 ! elb[ is ! sign ( humility1 pride1 p[]1 intellig5ce & sacrifice4 ,! fir/ ge/ure ( ! s]ies is ! int]pellation1 ! entrance ^u ! sc5e4 ,! s\l is sc>ce mov$ z yet1 & /ill ?is is ! mo/ difficult ( ge/ures1 because ! mo/ complex4 ,x mu/ indicate ! nature ( ! int]pellation1 its degree & ! situation ( ! giv] & receiv] ( ! summons 9 reg>d to ea* o!r4 ,a /udy ( ! signs :i* di/+ui% ^! diff]5t %ades w tea* u ! analysis ( ge/ure4 ,aside f simple int]pellation1 ! s]ies passes successively f gratitude1 devotion1 etc41 to ang]1 m5ace & conflict1 leav+ ! s\l at ! po9t :]e x is subdu$ & asks =giv5ess4 ,! passional or fugitive type =ms ! con/ant subject ( ! /udy ( ?is s]ies4 ,! ,s]ies ( ,ge/ures ,appli$ to ! ,s5tim5ts ,(t5e/ ,express$ by ! ,orator4 ,fir/ ,ge/ure4 ,int]pellation4 ,int]pellation embraces five /eps3 ,! fir/ consi/s 9 elevat+ ! %\ld] 9 tok5 ( affection4 ,if ! "r %\ld]1 z 9 figure #b ) ! "r leg weak4 ,! second /ep consi/s 9 a rot>y movem5t ( ! arm1 its object be+ to pres5t ! epicondyle 7elb[-jo9t7 to ! int]locutor4 ,= ?is reason ! epicondyle is call$ ! eye ( ! arm4 ,! ?ird /age consi/s 9 sub/itut+ ! articulation ( ! wri/ = ! epicondyle4 ,9 mak+ ! =w>d movem5t ( ! body1 ! epicondyle mu/ resume its natural place4 ,! f\r? /ep consi/s 9 ext5d+ ! h& t[>d ! speak] 9 su* a way z to pres5t to him ! extremities ( ! f+]s4 ,! fif? /ep is =m$ by a rapid rotation ( ! h&4 ,second ,ge/ure4 ,?anks--,affectionate & ,c]emoni\s4 ,?is ge/ure consi/s ( six /eps3 #a4 ,consi/s 9 lift+ ! h& & l[]+ ! head4 #b4 ,consi/s 9 rais+ ! h& to ! hip4 #c4 ,! head incl9es to "o side1 & ! elb[ at ! same "t rises to aid ! h& 9 rea*+ ! lips4 #d4 ,9 ?is1 ! head resumes its normal position1 :ile ! elb[ is l[]$ to br+ back ! h& to ! same position4 #e4 ,9 ?is1 ! h& passes f ! horizontal to ! v]tical position1 r\nd+ t[>d ! arm4 #f4 ,9 ?is1 ! arm is develop$1 & !n ! h&4 ,?ird ,ge/ure4 ,attraction4 ,9 ?is ge/ure !re are ?ree /eps3 #a4 ,! h& turns t[>d ! int]locutor ) an appeal+ aspect4 #b4 ,! h& op5s l a fan ) ! little f+] t5d+ t[>d ! *e/4 #c4 ,! elb[ is turn$ outw>d1 & ! h& passes t[>d ! brea/4 ,f\r? ,ge/ure4 ,surprise & ,assurance4 #a4 ,?is consi/s 9 elevat+ ! %\ld]s1 op5+ ! eyes & m\? & rais+ ! eyebr[2 ! :ole 9 tok5 ( surprise4 #b4 ,raise ! passive h& above ! *91 mak+ x turn ar\nd ! wri/4 #c4 ,! h& /ill passive1 is direct$ t[>d ! p]son address$1 ! elb[ be+ press$ aga9/ ! body4 #d4 ,! arm is gradually ext5d$ t[>d ! p]son address$1 :ile ! h& is giv5 an opposite direction2 t is1 ! palm ( ! h& is t[>d him4 ,fif? ,ge/ure4 ,devotion4 ,?is ge/ure embraces sev5 movem5ts3 #a4 ,?is consi/s 9 rais+ ! passive h& to ! level ( ! o!r h&1 b 9 an inv]se direction4 #b4 ,?is consi/s 9 turn+ back ! h& t[>d "o's self4 #c4 ,?is consi/s 9 draw+ ! elb[s to ! body1 & plac+ ! h&s on ! *e/4 #d4 ,?is is produc$ by tak+ a /ep backw>d1 & turn+ a ?ird to "o side2 dur+ ! execution ( ?is /ep1 ! elb[s are rais$1 & ! head is l[]$4 #e4 ,?is consi/s 9 draw+ ! elb[s ne> ! body1 & plac+ ! h&s above ! %\ld]s4 #f4 ,?is consi/s 9 develop+ ! arms4 #g4 ,?is consi/s 9 develop+ ! h&s4 ,six? ,ge/ure4 ,int]rogative ,surprise4 ,?is surprise is express$ 9 two movem5ts3 #a4 ,?is is :olly facial4 #b4 ,?is is made by advanc+ ! h& & draw+ ! head backw>d4 ,sev5? ,ge/ure4 ,reit]at$ ,int]rogation4 ,?is ge/ure signifies3 ,i d n und]/&1 ,i _c expla9 y\r conduct to me4 ,x embraces five /eps3 #a4 ,?is consi/s 9 plac+ bo? h&s b5ea? ! *91 & viol5tly elevat+ ! %\ld]s4 #b4 ,?is consi/s 9 br++ ! h&s to ! level ( ! *e/1 z if 9 se>* ( some?+ !re4 #c4 ,?is consi/s 9 ext5d+ bo? h&s t[>d ! int]locutor1 z if to %[ him t !y conta9 no?+4 #d4 ,?is consi/s 9 ext5d+ "o h& 9 ! opposite direction1 & lett+ ! head & body foll[ ! h&4 #e4 ,?is consi/s 9 turn+ ! head vehem5tly t[>d ! int]locutor1 & sudd5ly l[]+ ! %\ld]s4 ,eigh? ,ge/ure4 ,ang]4 ,?is ge/ure is made 9 ?ree movem5ts3 #a4 ,?is consi/s 9 rais+ ! arm4 #b4 ,?is consi/s 9 cat*+ hold ( ! sleeve4 #c4 ,?is consi/s 9 c>ry+ ! cl5*$ h& to ! brea/1 & draw+ back ! o!r arm4 ,n9? ,ge/ure4 ,m5ace4 ,?is ge/ure consi/s ( a prep>atory movem5t1 :i* is made by l[]+ ! h& :ile ! arm is out/ret*$ t[>d ! int]locutor1 !n ! f+] is ext5d$1 & ! h& is out/ret*$ 9 m5ace4 ,! eye foll[s ! f+] z x w\ld foll[ a pi/ol2 ?is occasions a rev]sal ( ! head proportional to t ( ! h&4 ,t5? ,ge/ure4 ,an ,ord] = ,leav+4 ,?is is execut$3 #a4 ,by turn+ ar\nd on ! free limb4 #b4 ,by c>ry+ ! body ) x4 #c4 ,by execut+ a "o-fif? sidew>d movem5t--! "r leg v weak4 ,all ^! movem5ts are made by reta9+ ! ge/ure ( ! prec$+ m5ace4 ,!n only ! m5ac+ h& is turn$ inw>d at ! height ( ! eye1 at ! mom5t :5 x is ab\t to pass ! l9e occupi$ by ! head2 ! elb[ is rais$ to all[ ! h& a d[nw>d movem5t1 :i* ends 9 an indication ( dep>ture4 ,9 ?is indication ! h& is absolutely rev]s$1 t is1 x is 9 pronation4 ,!n only does ! head1 :i* has hi!rto be5 l[]$1 rise ?r\gh ! opposition ( ! ext5d$ arm4 ,elev5? ,ge/ure4 ,reit]ation4 #a4 ,! :ole body t5ds t[>d ! h& :i* is pos$ above ! head4 ,! "r leg passes f weak to /rong4 #b4 ,! head is turn$ backw>d t[>d ! int]locutor4 #c4 ,x rises4 #d4 ,! arm ext5ds4 #e4 ,! h& 9 sup9ation gives intimation ( ! ord]4 ,twelf? ,ge/ure4 ,fright4 ,! "r h& p5d5t4 ,! left h& rises4 ,tremor4 ,! fir/ movem5t is execut$ 9 "o-?ird2 ! body g5tly passes into ! f\r?1 & z ! fif? is be+ accompli%$1 ! arm is ?ru/ =w>d z if to repel ! new object ( t]ror4 ,at ?is mom5t a metamorphose seems to take place1 & ! object :i* _h occasion$ ! fright1 seems to be transfigur$ & to become ! subject ( an affectionate impulse4 ,! h&s ext5d t[>d ?is object n to repel x1 b to implore x to rema92 x seems to become m & m ennobl$1 & to assume 9 ! a/oni%$ eyes ( ! actor1 a cele/ial =m--x is an angel4 ,!re=e ! body recoils anew "o-f\r?2 ! h&s fall back 9 tok5 ( acquiesc5ce2 !n1 :ile draw+ ne> ! body1 !y ext5d anew t[>d ! angel 7"h a ?ird 9 tok5 ( affection & v5]ation74 ,!n a pray] is address$ to x1 & aga9 ! arms ext5d t[>d x 9 entreaty4 7,"h ! orator falls ^u 8 knees47 ,! s]ies c be execut$ beg9n+ ) ! "r arm or ! left1 be+ c>eful to obs]ve ! initial & pr9cipal movem5t1 ) ! arms at ! side :]e ! sc5e op5$4 ,?is gives ! same play ( organs only 9 an inv]se s5se4 ,important ,rem>ks4 ,%\ld any /ud5t despair ( becom+ famili> ) our me?od1 we give him ?ree pieces ( advice1 all easy ( application3 #a4 ,nev] speak )\t hav+ fir/ express$ :at y w\ld say by ge/ure4 ,ge/ure mu/ always prec$e spee*4 #b4 ,avoid p>allelism ( ge/ure4 ,! opposition ( ! ag5ts is necess>y to equilibrium1 to h>mony4 #c4 ,reta9 ! same ge/ure = ! same s5tim5t4 ,9 say+ ! same ?+ ! ge/ure %\ld n be *ang$4 ,%\ld ! /ud5t limit himself to ! application ( ^! ?ree rules1 he w n regret ?is /udy ( ! ,practice ( ! ,art ( ,oratory4 ,app5dix4 ,! ,symbolism ( ,colors ,appli$ to ! ,art ( ,oratory4 ,we close ?is book ) an app5dix :i* w s]ve = ornam5t4 ,be=e deliv]+ up a suite ( rooms1 we are wont to embelli% !m ) ri* decorations4 ,ar*itects usually color _! plans4 ,we also wi% to give color to our crit]ion1 by expla9+ ! symbolism ( colors4 ,,species4 ,,g5us4 #a #c #b #a-;,,ii #c-;,,ii #b-;,,ii ,,ii ,ecc4-,conc4 ,norm4-,conc4 ,conc4-,conc4 ,conc5tric4 ,violet-blue4 ,gre5-blue4 ,indigo4 #a-;,,iii #c-;,,iii #b-;,,iii ,normal4 ,ecc4-,norm4 ,norm4-,norm4 ,cone4-,norm4 ,,iii ,r$-yell[4 ,yell[4 ,gre5-yell[4 #a-;,i #c-;,i #b-;,i ,ecc5tric4 ,ecc4-,ecc4 ,norm4-,ecc4 ,conc4-,ecc4 ,i ,r$4 ,yell[-r$4 ,violet-r$4 ,9 ! lit]>y _w1 color gives =ms ( spee* consecrat$ by frequ5t usage4 ,?us we v (t5 say3 a florid /yle1 a brilliant orator4 ,?is figurative language signifies t 9 ord] to %9e1 ! orator mu/ be adorn$ ) ! lu/re ( fl[]s4 ,& z "o fl[] excels o!rs & pleases u by ! beauty ( its colors1 s ! orator mu/ excel1 & please by ! brilliant %ades ( 8 diction4 ,x is z impossible to give r5[n to a monoton\s & colorless orator z to a fad$1 discolor$ fl[]4 ,w\ld y give to ! ph5om5a ( y\r organism ?is beautiful corolla ( ! fl[] ( y\r g>d51 ?r[ y\r glance ^u nature4 ,nature speaks to ! eye ?r\gh an en*ant+ v>iety ( colors1 & ^! colors 9 turn tea* man h[ he may himself speak to ! eyes4 ,! :ole man might recognize himself "u ! smil+ emblem ( colors4 ,imag9e him 9 :atev] /ate y w1 a color w give y ! secret ( 8 aspirations4 ,& s x has be5 easy = u to %[ y ! orator imag$ 9 ?is color$ *>t1 & we %all h no tr\ble 9 ju/ify+ our *oice ( colors4 ,s9ce man1 z to 8 s\l1 pres5ts himself 9 ?ree /ates3 ! s5sitive1 intellectual & moral2 & 9 8 organism 9 ! ecc5tric1 conc5tric & normal /ates2 a priori1 y may conclude t nature has ?ree colors to symbolize ! ?ree /ates1 & exp]i5ce w n contradict y4 ,9 fact1 r$1 yell[ & blue are ! primitive colors4 ,all o!rs are d]iv$ f ^! ?ree rudim5t>y colors4 ,:y h we pa9t$ ! column t corresponds to ! life r$8 ,because r$ is ! color ( blood1 & ! life is 9 ! blood4 ,b life is ! f\nta9 ( /r5g? & p[]4 ,h5ce r$ is ! prop] symbol ( /r5g? & p[] 9 ,god1 9 man & 9 ! demon4 ,:y blue 9 ! column ( ! conc5tric /ate1 ! m9d8 ,because blue1 f its transp>5cy1 is mo/ soo?+ to our eyes4 ,:y yell[ 9 ! column ( ! s\l8 ,because yell[ has ! color ( flame2 x is ! true symbol ( a s\l set on fire by love4 ,yell[ is1 !n1 ! emblem ( pure love & ( impure flames4 ,:y n use :ite 9 our *>t8 ,because :ite is inc&esc5ce 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,we say ( iron t x is at a r$ or a :ite heat4 ,b 9 ?is _w x is r>e to see a he>t at a :ite heat4 ,e>?ly !rmomet]s d n m>k ?is degree ( heat4 ,x _c be d5i$ t r$1 yell[ & blue are ! ?ree elem5t>y colors1 ^: union gives bir? to all ! v>ieties t delight our eyes4 ,we h pro( ( ?is 9 "o ( nature's mo/ beautiful ph5om5a--! ra9b[4 ,! ra9b[ is compos$ ( sev5 colors4 ,"h we di/+ui% ! r$1 yell[ & blue 9 all _! purity2 !n f ! fusion ( ^! ?ree prim>y colors1 we h violet1 orange1 gre5 & indigo4 ,?is is ! ord] 9 :i* ! sev5 colors ( ! ra9b[ appe> to u3 ,violet 7r$1 orange 7yell[71 gre5 7blue71 indigo4 ,orange is compos$ ( yell[ & r$4 ,yell[ mix$ ) blue1 produces gre54 ,blue :5 saturat$1 becomes indigo4 ,^u clos] inve/igation1 we may easily f9d ! n9e %ades :i* correspond p]fectly to ! n9e op]ations ( our faculties1 & to ! n9e functions ( angelic m9ds4 ,by complicat+ & bl5d+ ! mixture ( ^! colors1 we %all h all ! t9ts t make nature s delightful a p>adise4 ,! sev5 notes ( music s\nd 9 accord ) ! sev5 colors ( ! ra9b[4 ,!re is a bro!rhood betwe5 ! sev5 notes & ! sev5 colors4 ,! voice-app>atus1 ) t ( spee* & ge/ure1 is = ! orator a pallet l t ^u :i* ! pa9t] prep>es & bl5ds ^? colors :i*1 "u ! bru% ( a ,raphael1 w\ld at once gl[ =? 9 a ma/]piece4 ,dels>te's crit]ion is true2 /ill m1 x is beautiful1 especially s ) its brilliant adornm5t ( ! colors ( ! ra9b[4 ,we v]ify our judgm5t by an explanation ( ! color$ *>t4 ,z may be se51 ?is *>t is an exact reproduction ( ! crit]ion expla9$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is book1 only we h adorn$ x ) colors analog\s to ! diff]5t /ates ( ! s\l t art is call$ ^u to reproduce4 ,beg9n+ ) ! ?ree transv]se columns correspond+ to ! g5us1 we h pa9t$ ! l[] column r$1 ! middle column yell[1 & ! upp] "o blue4 ,^! are ! ?ree colors t symbolize ! life1 s\l & m9d1 z well z ! g5]a4 ,pass+ to ! v]tical columns :i* correspond to species1 we h pa9t$ ! fir/ column r$1 ! second yell[1 & ! ?ird blue1 pass+ f left to "r4 ,! bl5d+ ( ^! colors produces ! v>iety ( %ades we might h 9 ?is repres5tation4 ,blue add$ to blue gives indigo2 blue ) yell[ gives a deep gre52 ) r$1 violet4 ,yell[ pass$ ov] to ! middle column1 gives bright gre5 ^u blue2 pure yell[1 :5 pass$ ^u yell[1 & orange ^u r$4 ,?us pure r$ w be ! expression ( ! s5sitive /ate or ! life4 ,orange w r5d] s\l f life1 & violet w be ! symbol ( m9d f life4 ,apply+ ?is process ( exam9ation to ! two o!r columns1 we %all "k by "o symbolic color1 :at ! s\l wi%es at ! pres5t h\r1 & ^! same colors w1 besides1 s]ve to regulate ! attitude ( our organs4 ,honor & ?anks to ! g5ius :i* gives u ?is crit]ion1 :]e is reflect$ ! h>mony ( all worlds6 ,epilogue4 ,9 ?is rational gramm> ( ! art ( oratory1 ,i h giv5 ! rules ( all ! f9e arts4 ,all arts h ! same pr9ciple1 ! same means & ! same end4 ,!y are ak91 !y int]p5etrate1 !y mutually aid & complete ea* o!r4 ,!y h a common scope & aim4 ,?us1 music ne$s spee* & ge/ure4 ,pa9t+ & sculpture d]ive _! m]it f ! beauty ( attitudes4 ,!re is no ma/]piece outside ! rules "h laid d[n4 ,x is n en\gh to "k ! rules ( ! art ( oratory4 ,he :o w\ld become an orator1 mu/ make !m 8 own4 ,ev5 ?is is n en\gh = ! free movem5t ( ! ag5ts :i* reveal ! m9d1 ! s\l & ! life4 ,! me?od mu/ be s famili> z to seem a second nature4 ,woe to ! orator if calculation & artifice be div9$ 9 8 spee*6 ,h[ %un ?is quicks&8 ,by labor & ex]cise4 ,! in/rum5ts & ! mann] ( us+ !m are 9 y\r h&s1 /ud5t ( oratory4 ,set ab\t y\r "w4 ,practice gymna/ics1 b let !m be gymna/ics 9 ! s]vice ( ! s\l1 9 ! s]vice ( noble ?\ghts & g5]\s s5tim5ts--div9e gymna/ics = ! s]vice ( ,god4 ,r5ew y\r nature4 ,lay aside ! swaddl+-b&s ( y\r imp]fections1 con=m y\r lives to ! highe/ ideals ( uprightness & tru?4 ,ex]cise y\r voice1 y\r articulation & y\r ge/ures4 ,if ne$ be1 l ,demo/h5es1 place pebbles 9 y\r m\?2 repair l t great orator to ! sea-%ore1 brave ! fury ( ! bill[s1 accu/om y\rself to ! tumult & ro> ( assemblies4 ,d n fe> ! fracture or dislocation ( y\r limbs z y seek to r5d] !m supple1 to fa%ion !m aft] ! model1 ! type y h be=e y\r eyes4 ,labor omnia v9cit4 ,9 any ev5t1 be p]sev]+4 ,novitiate & appr5tice%ip 9 any pr(ession1 are difficult4 ,9 e /ate ! bitt]ness ( trial is to be expect$4 ,to arrive at initiation has its joys1 to arrive at p]fection is a joy supreme4 ,b5ea? ! r9d ( ?is me*anism1 ?is play ( organs1 dwells a vivify+ _s4 ,b5ea? ^! tangible =ms ( art1 ! ,div9e lies hidd51 & w be reveal$4 ,& ! s\l t has once kn[n ! ,div9e1 feels pa9 no long]1 b is ov]:elm$ ) joy4 ,art is ! ri*e/ gift ( heav5 to e>?4 ,! true arti/ does n gr[ old2 he is nev] too old to feel ! *>m ( div9e beauty4 ,! m a s\l has be5 deceiv$1 ! m x has be5 *a/5$ by suff]+1 ! m susceptible x is to ! b5efits ( art4 ,?is is :y music soo!s our sorr[s & d\bles our joys4 ,song is ! treasure ( ! poor4 ,return1 !n1 ) r5ew$ en?usiasm to y\r "w6 ,! end is wor? ! pa9s4 ,! human organism is a m>vel\s in/rum5t :i* ,god has giv5 = our use4 ,x is a h>moni\s lyre1 ) n9e *ords1 ea* r5d]+ v>i\s s\nds4 ,^! ?ree *ords = ! voice1 & ?ree = bo? ge/ure & spee*1 h _! ?\s& resonances at ! s]vice ( ! life1 ! s\l & ! m9d4 ,z ^! *ords vibrate b5ea? y\r f+]s1 !y w give voice to ! emotions ( ! life1 to ! jubilations ( ! he>t & ! raptures ( ! m9d4 ,?is delightful conc]t w l5d en*antm5t to y\r pass+ ye>s1 ?r[+ ar\nd !m all ! attractions ( ! ,good1 ! ,true1 & ! ,beautiful4 ,we may well salute ! ?ree ,graces & ! n9e ,muses z graci\s emblems1 b x is f> bett] to disc]n 9 art1 ! reflect$ image ( ! triple cele/ial hi]>*y ) its n9e angel *oruses4 ,honor1 !n1 to ! f9e arts6 ,glory to eloqu5ce6 ,praise to ! good man :o kn[s h[ to speak well6 ,bless$ be ! great orator6 ,l our tutel>y angel1 he w %[ u ! pa? t conducts or leads back to ,god4 ,"p ,f\r?4 ,arnaud on ,dels>te4 ,! ,dels>te ,sy/em4 ,by ,angelique ,arnaud1 7,pupil ( ,dels>te74 ,translat$ by ,abby ,l4 ,alg]4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,! ,bases ( ! ,sci5ce4 ,dels>te publi%$ no book ^u art4 ,! bases ( ! sci5ce :i* he creat$ are conta9$ 9 a syn!tical table4 ,o!r tables develop ea* bran* ( x consid]$ sep>ately4 ,/>t+ f an und5iable law--t :i* regulates ! con/itution ( man1--,dels>te applies x to ae/hetics2 he designates man z ! object ( art1 & gr\ps 9 s]ies ! organic ag5ts t co-op]ate 9 ! manife/ation ( human ?\ght1 s5tim5t & passion2 decl>+ ! purpose ( ^! manife/ations1 n[ become arti/ic1 to be ! amelioration ( our be+ by ?r[+ into relief & light ! spl5dors ( moral beauty & ! horrors ( vice4 ,dels>te def9es art 9 sev]al ways4 ,he has be5 reproa*$ = 8 ov]-amplitude ( def9ition1 & 8 developm5t ( x 9 a s5se too metaphysical = a sci5ce :i* he himself calls positive4 ,i give "h only su* def9itions z seem to me mo/ cle> & important4 ,art is at once ! k1 ! possession & ! free direction ( ! ag5ts by virtue ( :i* are reveal$ ! life1 s\l & m9d4 ,x is ! appropriation ( ! sign to ! ?+4 ,x is ! relation ( ! beauties scatt]$ ?r\gh nature to a sup]ior type4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 ! m]e imitation ( nature4 ,! ^w life1 9 ! s5se employ$ above1 is ! equival5t ( s5sation1 ( physical manife/ations4 ,man be+ ! object ( art1 x is f ! work+ ( ! v>i\s faculties ( ! human organism t ,dels>te d$uces ! task ( ! arti/2 z f ! k ( ! ess5tial modalities ( ! ego1 he d$uces 8 law ( g5]al ae/hetics4 ,dels>te tea*es1 !re=e1 t man is a triplicity ( p]sons2 t is1 he conta9s 9 8 inde/ructible unity1 ?ree pr9ciples or aspects1 :i* he calls life1 s\l & m9d2 9 o!r words1 physical1 moral & intellectual p]sons4 ,9 ?is /atem5t ?is ma/] agrees ) ! philosoph]s :o give a triplicity ( ess5tial pr9ciples z ! base ( ontology4 ,pi]re ,l]\x names !m z foll[s3 s5sation1 s5tim5t1 consci\sness4 ,t :i* is p]sonal to ,dels>te is ! d]ivation ( ! law ( ae/hetics f ?is conception ( be+4 ,! primal faculties once asc]ta9$1 he devotes himself to an analysis ( ! organism2 he describes ! h>mony ( ea* ( ^! faculties ) ! app>atus :i* s]ves x z ag5t = manife/+ itself1 & demon/rates ! fitness ( ea* organ = ! task assign$ x4 ,! ma/] e/abli%es t ! inflections ( ! voice betray m especially ! s5sitive nature2 t ge/ure is ! int]pret] ( emotion2 t articulation--a special elem5t ( spee*--is 9 ! direct s]vice ( intellig5ce & ?\ght4 ,he gave ! "n ( vocal to ! active app>atus ( s5sation2 dynamic to t ( s5tim5t2 buccal to t ( articulation4 ,f ! union ( ! faculties & _! ag5ts arise ?ree modes ( expression3 ! language ( affection1 ! language ( ellipsis 7or ge/ure7 & ! language ( philosophy4 ,!y respond to ! ?ree /ates :i* ,dels>te recognizes 9 man1 & :i* ! arti/ is to translate3 ! s5sitive /ate1 correspond+ to ! life2 ! moral /ate1 to ! s\l2 ! intellectual /ate1 to ! m9d4 ,b ?is division into ?ree modalities or into ?ree /ates is f> f giv+ ! numb] ( ! manife/ations ( be+4 ,nature is n r$uc$ to ?is indig5ce4 ,f ! fusion ( ^! ?ree /ates1 9 v>y+ & incessant comb9ation1 & f ! pr$om9ance ( "o ( ! primitive modalities1 :e!r accid5tal or p]man5t1 c\ntless individualities are =m$1 ea* ) its p]sonal con/itution1 its %ades ( diff]5ce ( education1 habits1 age1 "*1 etc4 ,x seems at ! fir/ glance z if ! m9d mu/ be confus$ by ^! v>ieties1 ^: possible numb] fades into inf9ity2 b ! tea*] does n op5 ?is labyr9? to 8 disciples )\t provid+ !m ) a clue4 ,indep5d5tly ( ^! modalities1 ( ^! /ates1 :i* =m ! basis ( ! sy/em1 ,dels>te traces triune subdivisions1 :i* s]ve z a po9t ( conv]g5ce2 ?us ! int]m$i>y rays ( ! compass or m>9]'s c>d are multipli$1 & receive special names1 )\t ceas+ to belong to "o ( ! f\r c>d9al po9ts4 ,:atev]1 = in/ance1 may be ! t5d5cy ( ! individual :om we desire to portray1 or to repres5t by any art :atsoev]1 we c ?9k ( him 9 8 normal /ate1 z well z 9 a conc5tric or ecc5tric /ate3 ?is is a fir/ di/9ction4 ,ea* ( ^! /ates is itself subject to %ades ( diff]5ce1 to modifications4 ,! normal /ate ( a diplomat & t ( an arti/ c\ld n be ! same4 ,! "o1 by ! v effect ( 8 pr(ession1 w incl9e to conc5tration2 ! o!r w t5d to expansion1 if n to ecc5tration4 ,h5ce a simple normal /ate :i* is ! mo/ common2 a normal-conc5tric /ate1 a normal-ecc5tric /ate3 "h we h a second di/9ction4 ,dels>te1 9 ord] to avoid confusion betwe5 ! ^w /ate appli$ to primordial modalities--:i* he def9es z s5sitive1 moral & intellectual /ates1--(t5 uses ! ^w elem5t 9 place ( t ( /ate 9 speak+ ( conc5tration1 ecc5tration & normality1 :i*1 9 ?is case1 he also calls calm2 b1 9 tea*+1 he 0 always accu/om$ to use ^! m exact t]ms3 normal /ate1 conc5tric /ate1 ecc5tric /ate4 ,^! diff]5ces may occur 9 reg>d to ea* ( ! o!r t]ms4 ,?us we may h ! simple conc5tric /ate1 ! conc5tro-conc5tric /ate1 etc4 ,x is ^u ?is mutual int]p5etration ( ! v>i\s /ates 9 ! triple unity1 t ! ma/] f\nds ! idea :i* dom9ates & p]vades 8 :ole sy/em2 ! ?ree isolat$ & indep5d5t t]ms d n1 to 8 ?9k+1 con/itute ! integrality ( ! human ego4 ,to con/itute1 accord+ to ,dels>te's !ory1 ?ree1 ! vital numb]1 x mu/1 by its v ess5ce1 & by inh]5t =ce1 raise itself to its multiple n9e4 ,?is is :at ! ma/] calls ! n9efold accord4 ,m$ic9e--a sci5ce :i* also d]ives its ju/ification f ! human organism--f c]ta9 po9ts ( view af=ds u analogies to ?is mixture ( primordial compon5ts2 = example1 n]v\s & sangu9e temp]am5ts :i* are bl5d$ 9 ! sanguo-n]v\s1 etc4 ,if we ref] to our own faculties1 does x n /rike u inde$1 t nei!r life--nor s5sation--nor s5tim5t1 nor intellect c manife/ itself )\t ! aid ( its cong5]s or co-associates8 ,is intellig5ce evid5t else:]e ?an 9 a s5sitive be+ 7life78 ,& ev5 :5 consid]+ ! mo/ ab/ract ?+s1 does x n be> witness ( its ta/e1 its p[] ( *oice 7s5tim5t78 ,c s5tim5t be absolutely dis5gag$ f impression 7life78 ,& if x is n always "u ! sway ( ! idea1 is x n c]ta9 t x gives rise to x1 by provok+ obs]vation & reflection 7intellect78 ,f9ally1 c an adult--save 9 ! case ( absolute idiocy--exi/ by s5sitive life alone outside ( all s5tim5t & all ?\ght 7s\l1 intellect78 ,x is by ! h>mony ( ! modalities among !mselves1 & ! contribution ( ea* to ! unity1 t e individual type is =m$4 ,dels>te ?\ght t he c\ld fix _! num]ical scale2 b he 0 n p]mitt$ to c>ry 8 sci5tific /udies ?us f>2 /ill1 x is n indisp5sable to art1 :i* dem&s above all ?+s v m>k$ types1 t v]ification %\ld be c>ri$ to its f>!/ limits4 ,x w n be difficult1 guid$ by ! k :i* ,dels>te has left u1 to classify arti/ic p]sonages z physical1 intellectual & moral or s5tim5tal types2 &1 9 ! same category1 to diff]5tiate ^? belong+ to ! conc5tric /ate f ^? fall+ m p>ticul>ly into ! ecc5tric or normal /ates3 ! ,don ,juans1 ,o!llos1 ,c\nts ,ory1 etc4 ,dels>te1 9 practice1 excell$ 9 *>act]iz+ ^! %ades ( diff]5ce4 ,^! prolegom5a w\ld n p]haps alone suffice to give ?is tea*] a claim to ! title ( creator ( a sci5ce4 ,al?\gh !y give ! !ory ( ! sy/em1 !y are f> f conta9+ all its developm5ts4 ,b ,dels>te did n /op "h4 ,9 appropriate language--:]e9 new words are n lack+ = ! new sci5ce--he takes ap>t ea* ( ! ag5ts ( ! organism1 enum]at$ above2 he exam9es !m 9 _! details1 & assigns !m _! "p 9 ! s5sitive1 moral1 or intellectual transmission ) :i* !y are *>g$4 ,?us ge/ure--! int]pret] ( s5tim5t--is produc$ by means ( ! head1 torso & limbs2 & 9 ! functions ( ! head are compris$ ! physiognomic movem5ts1 also classifi$ & describ$1 ) _! prop] significance1 su* z ang]1 hate1 contemplation1 etc41--& ! same ) ! o!r ag5ts4 ,ea* "p obs]v$ gives rise to a special *>t1 :]e we see1 = in/ance1 :at %\ld be ! position ( ! eye 9 exaltation1 av]sion1 int5se application ( ! m9d1 a/oni%m5t1 etc4 ,! same labor is giv5 to ! arms1 ! h&s & ! attitudes ( ! body1 ) ! m>k1 borr[$ f nature1 ( ! slighte/ movem5t1 p>tial or total1 correspond+ to ! s5sation1 ! s5tim5t1 ! ?\ght t ! arti/ wi%es to express4 ,i hope t ^! works may yet be recov]$ entire1 = ! ma/] 0 lavi% ( !m1 & t !y may be giv5 to ! public4#e ,an exact sci5ce at fir/ sight appe>s contradictory to art4 ,w x n dim9i% its limits1 99 99 99 trammel its transports8 ,w x n prove ho/ile to its lib]ty at e po9t8 99 99 99 ,w x n *eck ! flights ( its graceful fancy1 its adorable caprice8 ,no1 inde$6 z ,i said 9 reg>d to ! ideal1 ! !ories ( ,dels>te1 f> f hamp]+ ! free expansion ( art1 d b enl>ge its horizons1 & prep>e a broad] field = its h>monies4 ,!y leave fre$om to ! op9ions mo/ difficult ( seizure1 ! mo/ un=ese5 creations2 because1 respond+ to e faculty ( be+1 ?is sci5ce1 :ile x corrects imag9ation1 respects its legitimate p[]4 ,f9ally1 :at is ?is sci5ce :i* analyzes e spr+ & e "p br\ght to play 9 ! manife/ation ( life8 ,a compass to guide u to ! desir$ goal2 a measure ( proportion to fix ea* v>iety 9 ! imm5sity ( types2 a t\*/one by :i* to judge ( ea* man's vocation4 ,b d n let u =get t if ?is sci5ce holds back1 re/ra9s & pres]ves u f p>asites1 99 99 99 if x prep>es prop] soil1 & assi/s feebly d[]$ natures to acquire real value1 x _c supply ! place ( ^? m>vel\s tal5ts1 t p]sonality1 :i* %[$ u1 9 ,dels>te himself1 ! heights to :i* a dramatic s+] may atta94 ,:at surprises & subjugates u 9 ^! privileg$ p]sons is ! secret ( nature2 x is n to be writt5 d[n1 n to be demon/rat$2 ?is unkn[n quantity1 ?is my/]y1 reveals itself at its own "t by fla%es1 & ) diff]5t degrees ( int5sity dur+ ! c>e] ( ! same arti/4 ,"s h ?\ght to expla9 ! prodigy by t sup]ior in/9ct kn[n z intuition2 b ! discov]y ( ! ^w does n op5 ! arcanum4 ,i h said en\gh1 ,i hope1 9 reg>d to ! sci5ce creat$ by ,dels>te1 to put ^u ! track su* m9ds z are apt = ! subject1 & end[$ ) suffici5t p5etration to assimilate x2 b x mu/ n be disguis$ t ev5 %\ld ! :ole "w be collect$ toge!r1 ! sci5ce mu/ /ill await its exam9ation1 its v]ification & its complem5ts2 = a sci5ce at its bir? is l a program giv5 out = ! /udy ( pres5t & future g5]ations4 ,dels>te 0 /ill work+ on 8 to ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life4 ,e day he ga9$ fre% insight2 he add$ bran*es & accessories4 ,yet ! criticisms ( details :i* w come lat]--ev5 :5 !y are ju/ifi$1--w n rob ! inv5tor ( ! glory ( 8 sci5tific discov]y4 ,let g5ius inv5t1 s*ol>s pursue its discov]ies6 99 99 99 ,if g5ius works alone1 sci5ti/s "w h& 9 h&1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,me?od4 ,i h %[n ,dels>te z a compos]1 z pre-em95tly an arti/1 :o1 z a c]ta9 critic says1 0 nev] surpass$2 ,i h insi/$ ^u ! two titles :i* =m 8 special glory3 t ( reveal] ( ! laws ( ae/hetics1 & t ( creator ( a sci5ce to support 8 discov]ies2 a sci5ce ^: application relates p>ticul>ly to ! dramatic & lyric arts1 al?\gh at its base1 & especially :5 consid]$ z law1 x embraces all ! lib]al arts4 ,x rema9s = me to speak ( 8 me?od1 prop]ly s call$2 ( 8 precepts1 8 maxims1 8 op9ions & 8 judgm5ts2 ( t1 9 a ^w1 :i* con/itutes ! p]sonal mann] ( ea* ma/]1 & 8 mode ( in/ruction2 = if ! law is s+le 9 its ess5tial & con/itutive ideas1 x radiates into div]sity 9 its individual manife/ations2 x has inf9ite possibilities4 ,dels>te consid]$ art z ! sure/1 pure/ & mo/ con/ant good 9 life4 ,he requir$ mu* "t to complete ! education ( a pupil1 because he knew h[ long x _h tak5 him to ma/] ! me?ods ( translat+1 ?r\gh t noble int]pret]1 art1 ! be/ & mo/ sublime possibilities ( ! human s\l2 & because he knew z well all t is inh]5t 9 our nature ( vice & imp]fection4 ,he held t ! tru?1 be x good or bad1 is always in/ructive4 ,9 reg>d to tru? he says3 ,a man may possess rem>kable qualities1 may h grace1 expression1 *>m & elegance1 b !y are all z no?+ if he does n int]pret ! tru?4 ,he desir$ ! arti/ to /udy beauty 9 e =m1 to seek & discov] its secrets4 ,he tells u t he himself /udi$ ! poses ( ! /atues ( antiquity = fifte5 ye>s4 ,x 0 9 consequ5ce ( ?is p]iod ( /udy1 assur$ly1 t ! ma/] condemn$ ! p>allel movem5t ( ! limbs 9 ge/ure1 & recomm5d$ attitudes :i* he call$ inv]se2 if1 = in/ance1 ! actor leans on 8 left leg1 ! correspond+ ge/ure mu/ necess>ily be entru/$ to ! "r arm4 ,! ma/] taught t ! ge/ure--! true int]pret] ( ! s5tim5t--%\ld prec$e ! ^w4 ,he add$3 ,! ^w is b an e*o1 ! ?\ght made ext]nal & visible1 ! ambassador ( intellig5ce4 ,e en]getic passion1 e deep s5tim5t1 is accord+ly ann\nc$ by a sign ( ! head1 ! h& or ! eye1 be=e ! ^w expresses x4 ,?us1 ! actor & ! orator1 if !y d n con=m to ?is precept1 h fail$ to atta9 to art4 ,dels>te proves 8 ass]tion by giv+ examples1 some:at ov]drawn1 9 a s5se ! inv]se ( ?is !ory4 ,no?+ 0 m amus+ ?an to see him execute "o ( ^! dilatory ge/ures2 = in/ance1 ?is phrase1 utt]$ by ! lackey ( "s com$y1 deliv]+ a message3 ,sir1 "h is a lett] :i* ,i 0 told to deliv] to y at once4 ,! h& ext5d+ ! note unseasonably1 produc$ s ridicul\s an effect t ! he>tie/ laught] nev] fail$ to foll[4 ,on ,ellipsis4 ,! prec$+ /eps lead u to ellipsis1 :i* plays an important "p 9 ! me?od ( ,dels>te4 ,all ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts conta9$ 9 lit]ature1 9 "o compreh5sive ^w1 are entru/$ to ! mimic art ( ! actor1 ^: ess5tial ag5t is ge/ure4 ,! conjunction & int]jection are alike elliptical2 ?us 9 ! phrase3 ,ah6 99 99 h[ unhappy ,i am6 99 99 ,ah6 %\ld imply a pa9ful situation be=e ! explanatory phrase beg9s4 ,9 8 c\rse ( appli$ ae/hetics1 ,dels>te gives u ! /rik+ effects ( ! elliptic conjunction4 ,on ,%ades & ,inflections4 ,! %ade1 t exquisite portion ( art1 :i* is r felt ?an express$1 is ! *>act]i/ic sign ( ! p]fection ( tal5t2 x =ms a "p ( ! p]sonality ( ! arti/4 ,y may h he>d a play tw5ty times ) indiff]5ce1 or a melody z (t51 only to be bor$ by x2 "s f9e day a great actor relieves ! drama ( its *ill1 its app>5t nullity2 ! commonplace melody takes to itself w+s b5ea? ! magic ( a well-tra9$1 expressive & sympa!tic voice4 ,dels>te possess$ ?is arti/ic tal5t to a supreme degree1 & x 0 "o ( ! rem>kable p>ts ( 8 in/ruction2 he _h e/abli%$ typical phrases1 :]e ! m]e %ade ( inflection gave an appropriate mean+ to e v>iety ( impression & s5tim5t :i* c possibly be express$ by any "o set ( words4 ,"o ( ^! phrases 0 ?is3 ,t is a pretty dog6 ,a v tal5t$ "y girl succe$$ 9 giv+ to ^! words a great numb] ( diff]5t modulations1 express+ ende>m5t1 coax+1 admiration1 ironical praise1 pity & affection4 ,dels>te1 ) 8 f>-rea*+ compreh5sion1 conceiv$ ( m ?an #fjj ways ( diff]5tiat+ ^! examples2 b he /opp$ midway 9 ! execution ( !m1 & c]ta9ly no "o else w ev] pursue ?is outl9e to its f>!/ limits4 ,! second phrase 03 ,i did n tell y t ,i w\ld n6 ,?is "t ! words 7 giv5 z a /udy = adults2 !y l5t !mselves to o!r s5tim5ts2 !y reveal$1 z ! case might be1 indiff]5ce1 reproa*1 enc\ragem5t1 ! hesitation ( a tr\bl$ s\l1 etc4 ,x 0 by means ( ^! manifold %ades t ! arti/-pr(essor e/abli%$ *>act]i/ic diff]5ces 9 p>ts :]e9 s _m actors _h se5 b ! id5tical fact ( a simil> passion or a simil> vice4 ,to 8 m9d1 all mis]s 7 n ! same mis]1 nor all s$uc]s ! same s$uc]4 ,9 s++ p>ticul>ly1 ) :at art ,dels>te us$ ! inflection6 ,on ,vocal ,music4 ,9 reg>d to lyric art especially1 ,dels>te _h 8 peculi> & p]sonal !ories4 ,s++ 0 n to him m]ely a means ( display+ ! s+]'s voice or p]son2 x 0 a sup]ior language1 *>g$ ) ! r5dition1 9 its individual *>m1 ( all ! greate/ creations ( lit]ature & poetry2 all ! sweet1 t5d]1 or cruel s5tim5ts possible to humanity4 ,?is exceptional s+] atta9$ 8 effects p>tly by means ( c]ta9 modifications ( ! rhy?m1 :i* caus$ inatt5tive critics to say3 ,dels>te does n obs]ve ! measure4 ,:at !y !mselves fail$ to note1 0 t ! fir/ beat 0 always giv5 firmly2 & t x 0 9 ! divisions ( "o measure1 & by subtle comp5sations1 t he made ! diff]5ce4 ,f> f hav+ cause = compla9t1 ! compos] ga9$ !reby1 a m cle> expression ( 8 ?\ght1 a m p]suasive expansion ( 8 s5tim5t1 & ! respiration appe>$ m easy4 ,x 0 some?+ simil>--) a great] value--to t p]sonal punctuation ) :i* skilful read]s (t5 divide ! text :i* !y translate4 ,x 0 p>ticul>ly 9 recitative1 ! /yle1 moreov]1 lea/ subject to precise laws1 t ,dels>te us$ ?is lic5se2 & x 0 9 ?is /yle t he especially excell$4 ,& is x n 9 :at rema9s unwritt5 t ! s+]'s true greatness is reveal$8 ,:at dilettante has n felt ! p[] ( a m incisive attack ( ! note2 ( t prolongation ( ! note1 held imp]ceptibly1 :i*1 hav+ captur$ x1 holds ! att5tion ( ! li/5]8 ,b1 to he> ^! ?+s1 x is n necess>y1 z ! say+ is1 to be/ride te*nique4 ,9 s f> z ! tra9+ ( ! voice is conc]n$1 ,dels>te gave himself a sci5tific basis4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to ?9k t x w\ld be well to "k ! me*anism ( ! organ1 t x might be us$ to ! be/ advantage1 bo? by avoid+ injuri\s me?ods ( ex]cis+ x1 & by aid+ ! developm5t ( ! tone by appropriate "w4 ,9 8 rooms 7 to be se5 imitations ( ! l>ynx--9 pa/ebo>d--( v>i\s sizes4 ,8 pupils1 x seems to me1 c\ld pr(it b little by ^! f> f pleas+ sights4 ,at ! utmo/ x increas$ _! confid5ce 9 ! man :o desir$ an intimate acqua9tance ) ev]y?+ relat+ to ! art :i* he taught4 ,x is to tea*]s p>ticul>ly t ! introduction ( ?is auxili>y into ! /udy ( ! vocal me*anism may h be5 ( "s value4 ,i h lately le>n$ t sev]al s++ tea*]s use ^! artificial l>ynxes4 ,c priority be claim$ = ,dels>te8 ,i c only affirm t he ref]s to !m 9 a treatise sign$ by himself1 & dat$ 9 ! ye> #ahca4 ,i %all n ent] into ! details ( ?is cont+5t side ( ! me?od2 ! /atem5t ( ! facts is en\gh to lead all ^? :o are int]e/$1 to devote ?\ght & /udy to ! matt]4 ,i pref] to dwell ^u ! ?+s :i* ,dels>te c>ri$ ) him into ! grave1 hav+ writt5 !m only on ! memories ( c]ta9 adepts de/9$ to disappe> soon aft] him4 ,on ,respiration4 ,dels>te e/abli%$ 8 !ory ( diaphragmatic brea?+ 9 accordance ) 8 anatomical k4 ,x consi/s 9 re/or+ ! brea?1 )\t ef=t1 f ! comm5c+ lift ( ! diaphragm to ! production ( ! tone4 ,he oppos$ x to ! co/al brea?+1 :i* br+s ! lungs sudd5ly into action by movem5ts ( ! *e/ & %\ld]s1 & causes extreme fatigue4 ,! *e/1 he says1 %\ld be a passive ag5t2 ! l>ynx & m\?1 aid+ ! diaphragm1 alone h a "r to act 9 brea?+2 ! action ( ! l>ynx consi/s ( a depression1 t ( ! m\? %\ld produce ! canalization 7concavity7 ( ! tongue & ! elevation ( ! veil ( ! palate4 ,to ?is fir/ idea is atta*$ :at ! ma/] taught 9 reg>d to ! di/9ction betwe5 vital brea? & artificial brea?4 ,x is c]ta9 t "o may s+ ) ! natural respiration2 b x is rapidly exhau/$ if n augm5t$ by additional inhalation2 = x results 9 dryness & brea?lessness1 :i* cause suff]+ alike to s+] & li/5]4 ,! artificial brea?1 on ! contr>y1 pres]ves ! ease & fre%ness ( ! voice4 ,on ! ,position ( ! ,tone4 ,! plac+ ( ! tone 0 "o ( ,dels>te's great anxieties4 ,accord+ to 8 !ory1 ! attack %\ld be produc$ by explosion4 ,he reject$ t /ress :i* induces ! squeez+ out ( ! tone aft] x is produc$4 ,! way to avoid x is to prep>e rapidly & 9 anticipation ( ! emission ( ! note4 ,^! ideas dem& oral elucidation2 b x is en\gh to decl>e !m1 = tea*]s & s+]s to recognize _! mean+4 ,on ! ,prep>ation ( ! ,initial ,consonant4 ,! prec$+ l9es ref] to vocalization2 b ,dels>te appli$ ! same process to pronunciation4 ,he direct$ t ! initial consonant %\ld be prep>$ 9 ! same way z ! attack on ! tone2 x 0 ?us produc$ di/9ctly & p[]fully1 t is1 9 less appreciable ext5t ( "t4 ,su* is ! conc5tration ( ! ar*] prep>+ to laun* an arr[2 ( ! runn] ab\t to leap a dit*4 ,! ma/]1 9 no case p]mitt$ t annoy+ compass ( ! voice be=e a consonant1 s frequ5tly employ$ by ord9>y s+]s4 ,! ,italians ju/ly translate ?is disagreeable p]=mance by ! ^w /rasc9ato 7dragg$ out or prolong$74 ,ex]cises4 ,dels>te has be5 sev]ely blam$ = ! way 9 :i* he tra9$ ! voice4 ,i h no?+ to say 9 reg>d to ^? :o imput$ to him physical & b>b>\s me?ods ( develop+ x2 b x may be true t he endang]$ x by c]ta9 ex]cises or by failure to cultivate ! me*anism4 ,i d n feel myself compet5t to pron\nce ^u ?is te*nical po9t1 b ,i c give an exact acc\nt ( :at 0 done 9 8 s*ool4 ,dels>te direct$ t ! tones %\ld be swell$ on a s+le note1 ,e flat 7( ! m$ium72 he claim$ t by /r5g!n+ ?is int]m$i>y note ! asc5d+ & desc5d+ scales 7 sympa!tically /r5g!n$4 ,he ?us avoid$1 z he said1 break+ ! high treble notes by ex]cises :i* w\ld r5d] ! cords too sev]ely t5se1 conv9c$ morev]1 t at a giv5 mom5t a bur/ ( en?usiasm & w-p[] w\ld take ! place ( assidu\s practice4 ,he also taught t ?is special ex]cise ( ! m$ium w\ld prev5t ! sep>ation ( ! regi/]s1 t phyllox]a ( ! vocal organ1 :i* wrecks s _m s+]s1 & causes !m s _m sorr[s4 ,?is 0 ! way to ga9 t mix$ voice1 ! ideal held up to ! s*ol>s z be+ ! mo/ impressive & ! mo/ exquisite2 t :i* at ! same "t ravi%$ ! e> & *>m$ ! he>t4 ,?is ma/] consid]$ ! *e/-voice z m p>ticul>ly physical2 & ! head-voice1 x mu/ be confess$1 is too mu* l ! voice ( a bird1 to awak5 s5tim5t & sympa?y4 ,dels>te himself possess$ ?is mix$ voice2 9 him1 x seem$ to />t f ! he>t1 & br\ght te>s to eyes :i* _h nev] kn[n !m4 ,! p[] ( t tone--alli$ to ! p]fection ( %ad+1 diction & lyric declamation--caus$ e li/5+ s\l to vibrate ) lat5t emotion :i* might nev] h be5 wak$ to life save by t appeal4 ,i return to ! practice ( swell$ tones ^u ! note ,e flat4 ,?is note c]ta9ly acquir$ broad & p[]ful tones ab\t :i* !re 0 no?+ =c$1 & :i* 7 mo/ agreeable4 ,?is developm5t 0 communicat$ to ! neighbor+ notes4 ,b did n ^! advantages take f ! compass ( ! scale8 ,if s1 7 !y a c\nt]balance to ! injury8 ,i repeat t ,i d>e n affirm any?+ 9 ?is respect4 ,dels>te1 assur$ly1 did n give z mu* space to vocalization z o!r tea*]s1 especially ^? ( ! ,italian s*ool4 ,x is also und5iable1 t dramatic s++--! /yle :i* he pref]r$--is dang]\s to ! vocal organism2 p>ticul>ly :5 "o practices ! %riek or scream1 :i* produces a f9e effect :5 skilfully employ$1 b is mo/ p]nici\s 9 excess4 ,dels>te 0 too consci5ti\s an arti/ n to sacrifice 8 voice1 at c]ta9 mom5ts1 to 8 pa!tic effects2 b he 0 v c>eful to w>n 8 s*ol>s aga9/ ! abuse ( ?is me?od2 he direct$ !m to use x b v r>ely1 & ) ! greate/ precaution4 ,i %\ld also say1 9 8 favor1 t light voices 7 v diff]5tly tra9$ f heavy ones4 ,madame ,c>valho1 :o began h] /udies 9 8 s*ool1 did n alt] ! flexible b feeble organ %e br\ght !re4 ,mlle4 ,*audesaigues & ,mlle4 ,jacob1 "u ,dels>te's tuition1 atta9$ to m>vels ( flexibility1 )\t los+ any ( _! natural gifts4 ,appoggiatura4 ,dels>te br\ght ab\t a revolution 9 ,fr5* music 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to appoggiatura1 or r1 he re/or$ its primitive mean+4 ,! way 9 :i* he int]pret$ x has creat$ a s*ool4 ,he taught t ! root ( ! ^w--appoggiatura--be+ appuy] 7to su/a971 ! *ief importance %\ld be giv5 9 ! phrase1 to appoggiatura1 by ext5t & expression2 ! m s t ?is note is g5]ally plac$ on a dissonance2 &1 accord+ to ?is ma/]'s sy/em1 x is on ! dissonance--& n at r&om & v frequ5tly1 z is ! habit ( _m s+]s--t ! p[]ful effect ( ! vibration ( s\nd %\ld be produc$4 ,contr>y to ?is op9ion1 ! appoggiatura 0 = a long "t us$ 9 ,france z a %ort & rapid pass+ note2 x ?us gave ! music a vivaci\s "*1 :olly discordant ) ! /yle ( s]i\s compositions2 ! music ( ,gluck 0 p>ticul>ly unsuit$ to x4 ,r\lade & ,m>tellato4 ,9 e s*ool ( s++ ! r\lade is effect$ by means ( ! /accato & legato4 ,dels>te _h a m>k$ prejudice 9 favor ( ! m>tellato1 :i* p>takes ( bo?4 ,he comp>$ x1 9 8 picturesque way ( express+ 8 ideas1 to pe>ls unit$ by an invisible ?read4 ,pronunciation4 ,! ma/]'s pronunciation 0 irreproa*able2 n ! slighte/ trace ( a prov9cial acc5t2 nev] ! lea/ error ( intonation1 ! smalle/ mi/ake 9 reg>d to a long or %ort syllable4 ,:at is p]haps r>] ?an may be ?\ght1 he possess$1 9 its absolute purity1 ! prosody ( 8 native language1 alike 9 lyric declamation & 9 ! cantabile4 ,8 p5etrat+ tones add$ ano!r *>m to ! _m m]its :i* he _h acquir$ by /udy4 ,pronunciation1 !re=e1 0 skilfully & c>efully taught 9 ,dels>te's s*ool4 ,! pr(essor's fir/ c>e 0 to correct any t5d5cy to lisp1 :i* he did by tempor>ily sub/itut+ ! syllables te1 de1 ov] & ov] aga91 = ! faulty ,r4 ,?is sub/itution br\ght ! organ back to ! requisite position = ! vibration ( ! ,r4 ,?is process is n[ 9 common use2 b ,i _c say :e!r x 0 employ$ be=e ,dels>te's day4 ,he obta9$ v happy results f x4 ,e mute be=e a ,consonant4 ,dels>te did n all[ t absolute suppression ( ! ,e mute be=e a consonant1 :i* seems to prevail at pres5t1 & :i* produces s bad an effect 9 deliv]y4 ,z ! evil1 at ! "t ( :i* ,i speak1 0 yet comp>atively unkn[n1 he did n make x a case ( consci5ce2 b if he nev] l5t himself to ?is ellipsis1 he1 ! lyric ,talma1 ! exquisite s+]1 z he has frequ5tly be5 call$1 %\ld we n reg>d 8 ab/95ce z a condemnation f :i* !re is no appeal8 ,i d n believe1 moreov]1 t ei!r ,n\rrit or ,dupre au?oriz$ by _! example a habit s contr>y to ! rules ( ,fr5* v]sification1 s disagreeable to ! well-tra9$ e> & s oppos$ to good ta/e4 ,su* "y s+]s z h yield$ to x1 h only to li/5 to !mselves = "o mom5t to ab&on x =ev]4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,e mute c 9 no in/ance be assimilat$ to ! acc5t$ ,e2 b to suppress x entirely1 is to break ! symmetry ( ! v]se1 to put ! measure out ( "t4 ,x is unmi/akable t ! weakness ( ! v[el1 or mute syllable1 conc]ns ! s\nd1 n ! duration4 ,let x die away g5tly2 b = ,heav5's sake1 d n murd] x6 ,voltaire wrote3 ,y reproa* u ) our ,e mute1 z a sad1 dull s\nd t dies on our lips1 b 9 ?is v ,e mute lies ! great h>mony ( our prose & v]se4 ,littre recognizes two =ms ( ! ,e mute3 ! ,e mute1 fa9tly articulat$ z 9 ame2 & ! ,e mute s\nd$ z 9 me1 ce1 le2 b he does n allude to an ,e :i* is entirely null4 ,once m1 !n1 t !re may be no misund]/&+1 let me say t ! ^w mute add$ to ! ,e1 has b a relative s5se1 9 view ( ! two v[els ( ! same "n & m>k$ ) an acute or a grave acc5t4 ,"o fact ?r[s light on ! "q3 did any au?or ev] make a "* above ! rank ( a peasant or a lackey1 say3 _/ ,j'aime' b5 ,lisett' ,j'crois qu'ell' m'en veut6 ,p_/ ,take an example f ,voltaire 7trag$y ( ! ,dea? ( ,caes>73 ,voila vos successeurs1 ,horace1 ,decius4 ,evid5tly1 if ! ,e mute _h n be5 c\nt$1 ! second hemi/i* ( ! ,alex&r9e v]se w\ld h _h b five syllables in/ead ( six4 ,w\ld any "o l to "k h[ ! h]esi>*s ( ! ,e mute w\ld manage8 ,9 ?is in/ance !y w\ld repeat ! ,a ( ! p5ultimate1 aspirat+ x & pron\nc+ ?us3 ,voila vos successeurs1 ,hora 444 z'1 ,decius4 ,9 ?is way !y w\ld h ! requisite numb] ( syllables2 b !y w\ld be :olly at odds ) ! diction>y ( ! good actors ( ! ,!atre ,francais4 ,?is falsification is especially common 9 s++1 ?\gh x is no less revolt+ 9 t field ( art4 ,h[ (t5 at conc]ts--! =ce ( tradition saves u at ! !atre--d we he> ev5 arti/s ( great reputation pron\nce3 ,quel j\r prosp'44er' plus de my/e44er1 in/ead (3 ,quel j\r prosp]e plus de my/]e4 ,&1 9 "o ( ! *oruses ( ! op]a ,la ,re9e de ,*ypre3 ,jamais1 jamais en ,fran 444 anc' ,jamais l',anglais ne regn]a6 ,in/ead (3 ,jamais1 jamais en ,france1 ,jamais l',anglais ne regn]a6 ,?is anomaly is mo/ (f5sive 9 ! f9al syllable ( a v]se1 because !re ! measure is m impair$ ?an ev]1 & 9 ?is way t alt]nation ( male & female rhymes is suppress$1 :i* produces s fl[+ & graceful a cad5ce 9 ,fr5* v]se4 ,e mute be=e a ,v[el4 ,! enc\nt] ( ,e mute 9 a f9al syllable1 ) ! initial v[el ( ! ^w :i* foll[s x1 makes ! defect m app>5t & accord+ly easi] to fight aga9/4 ,dels>te's process 0 z foll[s3 ,:5 a sil5t syllable is imm$iately foll[$ by a ^w beg9n+ ) ano!r v[el1 ! ,e mute 7by a prolongation ( ! s\nd ( ! p5ultimate7 is suppress$ ) ! next lett]4 ,?us 9 ! aria ( ,joseph 7op]a by ,mehu73 ,lo9 de v\s a langui ma jeune44 sexilee2 & 9 ,c\nt ,ory3 ,salut1 o v5]a 444 bl]mite4 ,9 ^! cases1 by an un=tunate _s ( comp5sation1 ! abettors ( ! innovation1 suppress+ ! grammatical elision1 s+ ?us3 ,lo9 de v\s a langui ma jeune 444 ess'exilee4 ,salut1 o v5r]a 444 abl'erm 444 x6 ,littre's ,diction>y gives u ! same pronunciation z ,dels>te2 & 8 writt5 demon/ration is ev5 m positive4 ,we f9d favorables auspices1 arbres abattus1 writt5 9 ?is way3 fa-vo-ra-ble-z-auspices1 arbre-z-abattus4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v difficult to express ^! diff]5ces exactly1 9 type3 :at ,littre expresses radically by typographic *>act]s1 is bl5d$ ) mo/ natural delicacy by ! voice ( a s+]4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,dels>te1 ! ,e mute ( a f9al syllable %\ld be suppress$ be=e a v[el1 on condition ( a prolongation ( ! s\nd1 9 h>mony ) ! p5ultimate syllable4 ,accord+ to ,dels>te aga91 accord+ to ,voltaire1 accord+ to ,littre1 ! ,e mute is weak5$1 m or less1 b nev] completely suppress$1 be=e a consonant4 ,f9ally ,leg\ve1 ^: voice is prepond]ant 9 ^! matt]s1 ^: books are 9 ! h&s ( ! :ole _w1 has nev] ent]$ into ?is lettricidal conspiracy4 ,i hope to be p>don$ ?is long digression1 ?9k+ x my duty to prote/ aga9/ su* a ludicr\s me?od ( treat+ ,fr5* prosody2 ,i d s bo? 9 ! "n ( ae/hetics & z a "p ( my task z biograph] ( ,dels>te4#f ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,0 ,dels>te a ,philosoph]8 ,if we consid] philosophy 9 ! light ( all ! que/ions ^u :i* x t\*es1 ! subjects :i* x embraces1 we mu/ answ] ,no2 b if we conc5trate ! ^w )9 ! limits ( ae/hetics1 we may reply 9 ! affirmative4 ,did n ,dels>te po9t out ! orig9 ( art1 its object & its aim8 ,n t ?is ma/] nev] exce$$ ! limits ( 8 sci5ce & 8 me?od4 ,he _h sket*$ out a ,treatise on ,reason1 & _h begun to classify ! faculties ( be+1 ent]+ into ! subject m pr(\ndly ?an ! categories ( ,kant2 b all ?is only exi/s 9 m]e outl9e1 9 a te*nology ^: t]ms h n be5 weigh$ & connect$ toge!r by a solid *a9 ( reason+3 logic has n utt]$ its f9al ^w !re94 ,a sep>ate volume w\ld be requir$ to give an idea ( ^! gigantic sket*es1 :i* mu/ rema9 9 _! rudim5t>y /ate4 ,if ,dels>te _h f9i%$ 8 "w1 x w\ld seem t he mu/ h lean$ t[>d ! s*ola/ic me?od1 n[ s mu* out ( favor2 b c]ta9ly he w\ld put 8 own p]sonality into ?is1 z into ev]y?+ t he und]took to inve/igate2 = he 0 held back on ! /eeps ( my/icism by ! sci5ce :i* he _h creat$1 & :i* c\ld only af=d a %elt] to ! sup]natural z an ext5sion ( ^? psy*ical faculties :i* h be5 call$ intuition1 imag9ation1 etc4 ,!n ! influ5ce ( ,raymond ,bruck]1 :o di$ %ortly aft] ,dels>te1 be+ less5$1 & consci5ti\s & pati5t /udy hav+ f$ ! flame 9 t va/ bra91 we might h obta9$ affirmations ( a new ord]4 ,& ,dels>te might h met ) ?9k]s l ,leibnitz1 ,desc>tes & ,jean ,reynaud1 on t height :]e religion is purg$ ( sup]/ition & fanaticism1 philosophy set free f a!ism & mat]ialism6 ,if ,dels>te _h a fault1 x 0 t he reg>d$ all mod]n philosophy z s5su\s naturalism2 & if reason sometimes seem$ to him suspici\s1 x 0 because he (t5 conf\nd$ x ) sophi/ry1 :i* reasons inde$1 b is f> f be+ reason4 ,let u regret t ,dels>te nev] f9i%$ 8 complete philosophy2 b let u be grateful to him = hav+ rais$ 8 art & all arts to ! level ( philosophy1 by giv+ !m tru? z a basis & morality z a f9al aim2 :i* fairly ju/ifies1 x seems to me1 ! title ( arti/-philosoph]1 :i* ,i h sometimes appli$ to him4 ,i %\ld n neglect1 9 ?is connection1 to set d[n ! explanation1 giv5 by ,dels>te1 ( :at he meant by ! ^w tr9ity1 z us$ 9 8 sci5tific sy/em4 ,! read] _c fail to see ! elem5ts ( a sy/em ( philosophy 9 ?is succ9ct /atem5t1 ?is outl9e to be fill$ up3 ,! pr9ciple ( ! sy/em lies 9 ! /atem5t t !re is 9 ! _w a univ]sal =mula :i* may be appli$ to all sci5ces1 to all ?+s possible3 --?is =mula is ! tr9ity4 ,:at is requisite = ! =mation ( a tr9ity8 ,?ree expressions are requisite1 ea* presuppos+ & imply+ ! o!r two4 ,ea* ( ?ree t]ms mu/ imply ! o!r two4 ,!re mu/ also be an absolute co-necessity betwe5 !m2 ?us1 ! ?ree pr9ciples ( our be+--life1 m9d & s\l--=m a tr9ity4 ,:y8 ,because life & m9d are "o & ! same s\l2 s\l & m9d are "o & ! same life2 life & s\l are "o & ! same m9d4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,c\rse ( ,appli$ ,a,esthetics4 ,meet+ ( ! ,circle ( ,le>n$ ,societies4 ,indep5d5tly ( its me?od1 :i* 0 especially applicable to dramatic & lyric arts1 ,dels>te's doctr9e1 z we h se51 drew f ! primordial s\rces1 :i* are ! law ( ?+s1 ! pr9ciples ( all poetry1 all art & all sci5ce4 ,! int5se light :i* he br\ght !nce 0 too dazzl+ = "y s*ol>s1 ^: m9ds 7 r>ely prep>$ by previ\s education4 ,x1 nev]!less1 ov]fl[$ into ! daily lessons1 & gave !m t peculi> & some:at s+ul> aspect1 :i* act$ ev5 ^u ^? ^: intellig5ce c\ld n cope ) x4 ,su* is ! my/]i\s magic ( ?+s :i* p5etrate be=e !y conv9ce4 ,b ^! l(ty problems dem&$ an audi5ce 9 h>mony ) _! elevation4 ,dels>te soon attract$ su*4 ,"u ! title ,c\rse ( ,appli$ ,a,esthetics1 he collect$ 9 v>i\s places1 notably at ! ,circle ( ,le>n$ ,societies1 pr(ane & sacr$ orators1 & le>n$ m5 ( all sorts4 ,!re he c\ld develop po9ts ( view z new z !y seem$ to be /rik+ly true4 ,x 0 on leav+ "o ( ^! meet+s1 t a di/+ui%$ pa9t] ?us express$ 8 en?usiasm3 ,i h le>n$ s mu* to-day1 & x is all s simple & s true1 t ,i am amaz$ t ,i nev] ?\ght ( x be=e4 ,! ,c\rse ( ,appli$ ,a,esthetics 0 address$ to pa9t]s1 sculptors1 orators1 z well z to musicians1 bo? p]=m]s & compos]s2 & 0 f9ally ext5d$ to lit]>y m54 ,?is audi5ce ( s*ol>s 0 no less a/oni%$ & en*ant$ ?an o!rs _h be54 ,!ory ( ! ,degrees4 ,! !ory ( degrees 0 l>gely develop$ at ^! meet+s1 & ,i h purposely delay$ x till ?is *apt]4 ,to und]/& ?is !ory--"o ( ! mo/ /rik+ po9ts 9 ,dels>te's me?od1 & orig9al ) him1--"o %\ld h "s idea ( ! gramm> :i* he compos$ = ! use ( 8 pupils4 ,i w n say t ?is treatise 0 complete 9 ! s5se usually atta*$ to ! ^w gramm>4 ,!re is no m5tion ( or?ography or ( lexicology2 b all t is ! v ess5ce ( language1 t f :i* no language1 no idiom c escape--! con/itu5t p>ts ( spee*--are exam9$ & inve/igat$ f a philosophic & psy*ologic po9t ( view4 ,j z ! au?or exam9$ ! con/itu5t modalities ( our be+ 9 ! light ( ae/hetics1 he seiz$ ! aff9ities betwe5 ! laws ( spee*1 z f> z reg>ds ! voice--logos--& ! moral manife/ations ( art4 ,?is production ( ,dels>te has und]gone ! fate ( almo/ all 8 works--x has n be5 pr9t$4 ,inde$1 ,i greatly fe> t1 all 8 notes on ! subject c nev] be collect$2 nev]!less t :i* has be5 ga!r$ toge!r pres5ts a c]ta9 developm5t4 ,i w n ent] into ! purely metaphysical "p1 limit+ myself1 z ,i h done f ! beg9n+ ( ?is /udy1 to mak+ kn[n ! conceptions ( ,dels>te only 9 s f> z !y ref] to ! special field ( ae/hetics4 ,9 ?is category1 we f9d ! foll[+ def9itions :i* s]ve to classify ! quantitative values or degrees3 t is ! ext5t assign$ to ea* articulation or vocal emission to enable x to express ! ?\ghts1 s5tim5ts & s5sations ( our be+ 9 _! tru? & proportionate int5sity3 #a4 ,sub/antive is ! "n giv5 to a gr\p ( appe>ances1 to a totality ( attributes4 #b4 ,adjective expresses ideas1 simple1 ab/ract1 g5]al & m$icative2 x is an ab/raction 9 ! sub/antive4 #c4 ,v]b is ! ^w t affirms ! exi/5ce & ! co-exi/5ce betwe5 ! be+ exi/+ & its mann] ( exi/+3 t is to say x connects ! subject ) ! attribute4 ,! v]b is n a sign ( action1 b ( affirmation1 & exi/5ce4 #d4 ,! p>ticiple alone is a sign ( action4 #e1 #f1 #g4 ,! article1 pron\n & preposition fit into ! common def9itions4 #h4 ,! adv]b is ! adjective ( ! adjective & ( ! p>ticiple 79 s f> z x is an attribute ( ! v]b72 x modifies !m bo?1 & is n modifiable by ei!r ( !m2 x is a sign ( proportion1 an intellectual compass4 #i4 ,! conjunction has ! same function z ! preposition3 x unites "o object to ano!r object2 b x diff]s f x1 inasmu* z ! preposition has b a s+le ^w = its antec$5t1 & a s+le ^w = its objective case1 :ile ! conjunction has an entire phrase = antec$5t1 & ! same = complem5t4 ,x *>act]izes ! po9t ( view "u ! sway ( :i* ! relations %\ld be reg>d$3 re/rictive1 z b2 hypo!tical or conditional1 z if8 conclusive1 z !n1 etc41 etc4 ,! conjunction pres5ts a g5]al view to our ?\ght1 x is ! reunion ( scatt]$ facts2 x is ess5tially elliptical4 #aj4 ,! int]jection responds to ^? circum/ances :]e ! s\l1 mov$ & %ak5 by a cr[d ( emotions at once1 feels t by utt]+ a phrase x w\ld be f> f express+ :at x exp]i5ces4 ,x !n exhales a s\nd1 & confides to ge/ure ! transmission ( its emotion4 ,! int]jection is ess5tially elliptical1 because1 express+ no?+ 9 itself1 x expresses at ! "t all t ! ge/ure desires x to express1 = ellipsis is a hidd5 s5se1 ! revelation ( :i* belongs exclusively to ge/ure4 ,x mu/ fir/ be not$ t ^! degrees are numb]$ f "o to n9e1 & t1 ( all ! grammatical values def9$1 ! conjunction1 int]jection & adv]b are class$ highe/4 ,dels>te made ! foll[+ exp]im5t "o day 9 ! ,circle ( ,le>n$ ,societies1 dur+ a lecture3 ,:i* ^w1 he ask$ 8 audi5ce1 requires mo/ emphasis 9 ! l9es-- ,! wave draws ne>1 x breaks1 & vomits up be=e our eyes1 ,amid ! surg+ foam1 a mon/] huge ( size8 ,! abs5ce ( any rule applicable to ! subject caus$ ! mo/ complete an>*y among ! li/5]s4 ,"o ?\ght t ! ^w to be emphasiz$ mu/ be mon/]--z indicat+ an object ( t]ror2 ano!r gave ! pref]5ce to ! adjective huge4 ,/ill ano!r ?\ght t vomits dem&$ ! mo/ expressive acc5t1 f ! ugl9ess ( t :i* x expresses4 ,dels>te repeat$ ! l9es3 ,! wave draws ne>1 x breaks1 & 444 vomits up be=e our eyes4 ,x 0 on ! ^w & t he conc5trat$ all ! =ce ( 8 acc5t2 b giv+ x1 by ge/ure1 voice & facial expression1 all ! significance lack+ to t p>ticle1 colorless 9 itself1 z he pron\nc$ ! ^w1 ! fixity ( 8 gaze1 8 trembl+ h&s1 8 body %r9k+ back into itself1 :ile 8 feet seem$ rivet$ to ! e>?1 all presag$ some?+ t]rible & frightful4 ,he saw :at he 0 ab\t to relate1 he made y see x2 ! conjunction1 aid$ by ! actor's pantomime1 op5$ inf9ite p]spectives to ! imag9ation2 8 words _h only to specify ! fact1 & to ju/ify ! emotion :i* _h accumulat$ 9 ! int]val4 ,b ?is p>ticle1 :i* "h all[s ( eight degrees1 is mu* dim9i%$ :5 x fills ! (fice ( a simple copulative4 ,! ext5t ( ! ^w or ! syllable is always subord9ate to ! s5se ( ! phrase2 9 ! latt] case x does n require m ?an ! figure #b4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,! ,recitation ( ,fables4 ,"s ye>s be=e 8 dea? ,dels>te sub/itut$ = 8 conc]ts1 lectures 9 :i* he expla9$ 8 sci5tific doctr9es & 8 philosophy ( art4 ,he also suppli$ ! place ( song by ! recitation ( c]ta9 fables select$ f ,la ,fonta9e4 ,he 0 n less p]fect 9 ?is /yle ?an 9 ! int]pretation ( ! great roles ( trag$y & gr& lyric poems2 b x mu/ be ackn[l$g$1 t "u ?is new guise1 8 tal5t c\ld n display itself 9 all its amplitude2 save = ! facial expression :i* gave ! lessons ( ! apologue a v>iety ( outl9e ( :i* ,la ,fonta9e himself p]haps nev] dream$ 444 & 9 spite ( ! f9e & s*ol>ly acc5t :i* he c\ld give to all ^? clev] bea/s1 he 01 on _m po9ts1 depriv$ ( 8 p[] & 8 pre/ige3 h[ end[ a lion ) ! pr\d poses ( ,a*illes2 & l5d ! fooli% gras%opp] ! satanic *>m ( ,armida8 ,in/ead ( noble or t]rific attitudes1 8 ge/ure 0 conf9$ to a few movem5ts ( =e>m or h&2 ( 8 f+]s1 :5 ! int5tions 7 m subtle1 m ref9$ 444 ,/ill x 0 always mo/ pleasant to he> him4 ,x 0 ,dels>te re/ra9$1 b n dim9i%$4 ,if y did n recov] 9 8 speak+ voice t sort ( en*antm5t ) :i* 8 slightly-veil$ tone pi]c$ ! s\l1 8 acc5t rema9$ s pure1 s intellig5t1 t y 7 none ! less ravi%$4 ,:51 9 ! fable ( ,! ,two ,pigeons1 he said3 ,abs5ce is ! greate/ ( ills1 444 ,n s = y1 cruel "o6 ,he discov]$ %ades1 hi!rto unkn[n1 ) :i* to pa9t reproa* m+l$ ) grief4 ,& :5 he said3 ,! ant 444 is n a l5d]6444 ,a m affirmative & /rik+ s5se ( ! "* attribut$ to our ?rifty fri5d1 0 deta*$ f ?is delay1 fill$ up by a negative movem5t ( ! n>rator's head4 ,if ,dels>te _h limit$ himself 9 8 lectures1 to tea*+ m5 by means ( ! m5ag]ie1 :i* 0 a sly burlesque ( ! c\rti]s ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 p]haps he might h made idolatr\s p>tisans !re z else:]e2 b x seems z if 9 ! exposition ( 8 !ory1 he pos$ r z a c5sor ?an a tea*]2 he delight$ 9 baffl+ ! m9d by p>adoxes4 ,by annexes sup]impos$ & ill-bl5d$ ) 8 sy/em1 he sometimes compromis$ ^? sci5tific tru?s ^: spl5dor bur/s =? :5 !y are fre$ f het]og5e\s accessories4 ,we _c o!rwise expla9 ! resi/ance ( c]ta9 m9ds1 di/+ui%$ o!rwise1 to ! recognition 9 him ( ! arti/ :o excit$ ! en?usiasm ( all ! mo/ compet5t critics & brilliant amateurs4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,law ( ,a,esthetics4 ,h[ev] /rik+ & sup]ior ! sy/em ( ,francois ,dels>te has be5 %[n to be1 h[ev] admirable & attractive ! manife/ation ( art 9 8 p]son1--h]e9 lie n 8 fir/ rights to ! grateful sympa?y :i* we owe to 8 memory4 ,8 works & discov]ies 9 ae/hetics are a b5efit ( g5]al int]e/1 :ile !y disclose to u ! fruitful res\rces ( 8 g5ius4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :at is a law8 ,we h "h to deal1 n ) ! legislation decre$ by man = ! regulation ( social & political relations1 b ) ^? laws d$uc$ f a natural ord]1 z ! pr9ciple ( life itself1 :i* gov]n ! relations ( be+s & ( ?+s4 ,9 religion ^! laws are its dogmas & my/]ies2 philosophically speak+1 ! laws ( ?+s are ! ess5tials ( _! nature1 _! specific relations4 ,voltaire has writt53 ,law is ! in/9ct by :i* we feel ju/ice4 ,9 ,littre's ,diction>y we f9d /at$ t laws are conditions impos$ by circum/ances4 ,ano!r has said3 ,! con/ant1 uneludable succession 9 :i* ph5om5a occur1 takes ! "n ( law4 ,i w\ld "h /ate1 t 9 no "o ( ! la/ ?ree citations does ! ^w law seem to me to be precisely def9$4 ,f ! diff]5t explanations ( ! natural laws :i* ,i h be5 able to comp>e1 ,i conclude t laws are =ces conta9+ 9 !mselves ! reasons1 to u unkn[n1 ( a p[] & p]man5ce :i* are un*angeable4 ,plato nam$ !m ideas4 ,we mu/ n[ conclude t ! nature ( a law1 9 ! pres5t acceptation ( ! t]m1 c be b imp]fectly int]pret$ by exact =mulae4 ,laws are /ill mu* involv$ 9 ! secrets ( creation4 ,"h mu/ we seek _! orig9 or orig9s4 ,b c\rage /ill6 ,al?\gh ^! =mulae b imp]fectly def9e law1 ! facts suffice to e/abli% !m4 ,!y 7facts7 %[ ! c]ta9 action &1 z /at$ h]et(ore1 ! uneludable nature ( ^! =mulae4 ,b ! discov]y ( ,dels>te is ! application to ae/hetics ( a natural law1 prov5 & e/abli%$ by sci5ce4 ,?is law is t :i* gov]ns ! sy/em ( man's organism4 ,its pres5t application is ju/ifi$ by a s]ies ( sci5tifically coo]d9at$ facts4 ,dels>te re/s ^u ! pr9ciple t man is ! object ( art4 ,?us ! arti/ %\ld aim to manife/ human nature 9 its ?ree modalities1 9 its ?ree phases :i* ! ma/] nam$ life1 s\l & m9d4 ,9 o!r words1 ! be+s physical1 moral & m5tal4 ,^! ?ree expressions figure 9 ! "w ( ,pi]re ,l]\x 7,de l',humanite7 9 ! foll[+ equival5t t]ms3 s5sation1 s5tim5t1 k4 ,b ,l]\x appli$ to e?ics ?is law ( human organism1 :]eas ,dels>te d]iv$ f x ! law ( ae/hetics4 ,:5 two m9ds ( ?is /amp are ?us l$1 ea* 9 8 own way1 to ! same s\rce ( analog\s pr9ciples diff]5tly appli$1 is x n a pro( t !y h /at$ tru?8 ,& 9 ?is case x is m ?an presumable t ! two m5 ( :om ,i speak _h nev] work$ toge!r4 ,dels>te 0 a philosoph] 9 spite ( himself4 ,) ,pi]re ,l]\x art 0 only an elem5t cont+5t ^u a sy/em :i* he elaborat$4 ,0 ,dels>te l$ to 8 classification ( man's nature by ! doctr9e ( ! ?ree p]sons 9 ! ,tr9ity comb9$ 9 unity8 ,0 he1 by 8 obs]vations ^u ! human triplicity1 l$ on to consid] _! inf9ite developm5t 9 ! div9e p]sonalities8 ,i "k n1 nor is x ( importance 9 consid]+ ! sy/em4 ,l]\x affirm$ a relation betwe5 ! unity ( man & ! univ]sality ( 8 pan!ism2 bo? rely+ at ! outset ^u an idea at once religi\s & philosophical4 ,b ! rese>* ( ,l]\x 0 philosophically incl9$1 :ile t ( ,dels>te 0 ( a "* m especially religi\s4 ,is x necess>y to urge t y accept ?is obvi\sly primitive classification ( ! human faculties8 ,:o1 t %all h consid]$ a mom5t to conv9ce himself1 c d\bt ?is tru?1--t our s5sations1 our s5tim5ts1 our und]/&+1 are ! pr9cipal elem5ts ( our life1 & t all t we are able to "k ( ourselves is made kn[n to u by !m directly1 or by ! result ( _! comb9ations8 ,?is consid]ation w soon lead u to ! rational developm5t ( ! !ory ( ,dels>te4 ,= ! pres5t1 x suffices to receive ^! pr9ciples z !y h be5 pres5t$ to u1 & to admit t art c\ld n g f> a/ray :ile foll[+ a clue lead+ f a law inv9cible1 & guid+ to a sci5ce z positive z t ( ! a/ronom]1 d]iv$ f ! law ( attraction1 or t ( ! *emi/1 dep5d+ ^u ! law ( aff9ities4 ,"h ne$ be no confusion4 ,! sci5ce is positive4 ,! my/]y ( ! natural law implies a hypo!sis1--ev5 7 ! proposition negative4 ,dels>te insi/$ ^u ! influ5ce ( a religi\s s5tim5t 9 art1 z a "p ( ! con/itutive animat+ faculties ( ! human be+4 ,9 ! light ( ?is proposition 8 enemies ma9ta9 t he tea*es ?is h]esy3 t success 9 ae/hetics dep5ds ^u a def9ite fai?--ev5 ^u ! obs]vance ( ! ,ca?olic religion6 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 religion & cre$1 betwe5 s5tim5t & ass]tion1 ,i h foll[$ c>efully s9ce ! beg9n+ ( my /udy4 ,dels>te 0 able to s address 8 pupils at ! beg9n+ ( a lecture1 z to ar\se ! apa!tic1 & electrify ! passionate2 b 8 tea*+ 0 f> f dogmatic4 ,i d n say t at times1 9 8 aspirations & dreams1 :i* he reg>d$ p]haps z intuitions1 ?is religi\s philosophy did n make "s incursions into ! region ( my/icism4 ,i h se5 at 8 home *>ts nam$ f ! circum9cession1#g & classify+ cele/ial spirits2 b ^! trans-mundane p]sonifications f\nd no place 9 8 practical lectures4 ,!y are n f\nd 9 ! great syn!tical *>t :i* ,i possess1 & :i* recapitulates ! sy/em z ! ma/] arrang$ x 9 ! /r5g? ( 8 y\? & g5ius1 free f all my/ical elem5t4 ,:51 9 #ahei1 ,i submitt$ to ,dels>te my treatise conta9+ a succ9ct /atem5t ( 8 me?od1 he said to me3 ,y h n foll[$ me s f> z ! angels4 ,i repli$3 ,i h relat$ & recogniz$ z tru? all t ,i h he>d y tea* ^u ! laws ( art z d$uc$ f ! relations ( ! human faculties1 because ,i h obs]v$ & v]ifi$ x among p & ^u myself4 ,b ,i speak n ( ?+s :i* y h nev] %[n me1 & ^: exi/5ce y h nev] demon/rat$4 ,! angels are ( ?is numb]4 ,yet he receiv$ ) no less approval my pr(ane "w4 ,& x is ! judgm5t :i* he plac$ ^u t essay :i* au?orizes my resum+ ! subject1 augm5t$ by fur!r developm5ts & evid5ce4 ,i %\ld n /ate ) s great confid5ce ?is great tru?--! application ( a natural law to a succession ( discov]ies con/itut+ a sci5ce1 an inconte/able innovation--7 ,i n able to ref] to compet5t op9ions support+ my /atem5t4 ,a few ( ^! op9ions ,i w\ld "h quote f "s ( ! j\rnals ,i h exam9$1 _m ( :i* ?or\ghly appreciat$ ,dels>te ?r\gh\t ! long p]iod ( 8 tea*+4 ,x 0 said by ,adolphe ,gu]\lt 7,presse1 ,may #ae1 #aheh73 ,to discov] & produce wond]ful effects1 is preem95tly ! *>act]i/ic ( great arti/s1 b nev]1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 has x occurr$ to any "o1 be=e ,dels>te1 to atta* ^! /rokes ( g5ius to positive laws4 ,& fur!r3 ,! eloqu5t secrets ( pantomime1 ! imp]ceptible movem5ts :i*1 9 great actors1 s =cibly impress u1 com+ "u ! obs]vation ( ?is discov]]1 7 by him analyz$ & syn!tiz$ 9 accordance ) laws ^: cle>ness & simplicity r5d] !m d\bly admirable4 ,i give also "s /atem5ts f ! ,j\rnal des ,debats 7,may #aj1 #ahei74 ,?\gh 9 ! foll[+ ! ^w law does n appe>1 x be>s int]e/+ly ^u ! relations ( ! ideas & expressions "u consid]ation4 ,! quotation is3-- ,! audi5ce 0 *>m$ & in/ruct$4 ,x applaud$ ! new def9itions4 ,x div9$ ! ess5ce ( ea* art1 & compreh5d$ t ! v>i\s manife/ations ( art are classifi$ accord+ to ! classifications ( ! human faculties4 ,x kn[s :y ea* passion produces ea* acc5t3 'because ! acc5t is ! modulation ( ! s\l1' & :y a giv5 emotion produces a giv5 expression ( ! face1 ge/ure & attitude ( ! body4 ,:5 we all[ t ! classifications ( ! manife/ations ( art are made accord+ to ^? ( ! human faculties1 d we n also all[ t !y are d]iv$ f "o law8 ,?us ! fiat lux 7let !re be light7 is pron\nc$4 ,art dep>ts f *aos1 escapes f an>*y2 x acts no long] only = ! s-call$ arti/1 b also = ! actor & s+]1 :om we are n[ to consid]4 ,art has to d ) ! pose ( ! body1 a graceful c>riage1 di/9ct pronunciation & an unconsci\s comm& ( dramatic effects4 ,= a t5or to phrase agreeably1 vocalize skilfully1 giv+ u resonant *e/-tones1 no long] suffices to ga9 = him ! title ( great s+]4 ,! foll[]s ( art %\ld be able1 be=e & above all1 to portray humanity 9 its ess5tial tru?1 & accord+ to ! orig9al t5d5cy ( ea* type4 ,mann]ism & affectation %\ld =ev] be proscrib$--unless !y are imitat$ z an ex]cise--b all ! excell5ce t *ance has produc$ up to ! pres5t "t %\ld be incorporat$ 9 ! new sci5ce4 ,moreov]1 by ref]r+ to a law ! occasional successes :i* come to "o1 x becomes possible to reproduce !m at w4 ,! ess5tial po9t is to get back to ! tru?1 to express ! passions & emotions z nature manife/s !m1 & n to repeat me*anically a s]ies ( conv5tional proce$+s :i* are violations ( ! natural law4 ,effects %\ld be ! e*oes ( a situation cle>ly compreh5d$ & completely felt1--su* 0 ! import ( ?is tea*+4 ,"o ( ! great b5efits aris+ f ! discov]ies ( ,dels>te is ! reconciliation ( fre$om & re/ra9t4 ,if x b9d ! arti/ by det]m9ate rules1 x is 9 ord] to free him f r\t9e1 to recall him to ! g5]al law ( be+ & ( 8 own individuality4 ,x is 9 ord] t he may /udy himself1 9 ! place ( submitt+ to arbitr>y prescriptions4 ,9 su* /udy e m>k$ p]sonality w f9d itself 9 its native elem5t4 ,z = ^? :o h no vocation1 & 9 :om ! ego di/+ui%es itself s little f ! multitude t x rema9s lo/ 9 x1 x is be/ t !y %\ld )draw1 s9ce !y are n call$4 ,!y h 9 view only vanity or speculation1 & mu/ always be intrud]s 9 ! sacr$ temple ( art4 ,my glass is n l>ge1 b ,i dr9k f my glass1 said ,alfr$ de ,musset4 ,v well6 let ea* "o dr9k f 8 glass1 b obs]ve6 x is n necess>y t 9 ! true arti/ all %\ld be individual & peculi>4 ,x is necess>y only t !re %\ld exi/ a degree ( individuality1 some?+ novel1 a di/+ui%+ tone & an arti/ic physiognomy peculi>ly 8 own4 ,s]vile imitations1 plagi>ism1 /upid adaptations1 put to dea? all art & all poetry4 ,9 lit]ature p>ticul>ly is su* decl9e mo/ easy4 ,hop+ t1 f :at has be5 said1 y h be5 l$ m fully to appreciate ! advantage ( see+ all ( ! bran*es ( intellectual culture l$ out ( ! ruts ( r\t9e1 away f plagi>ism & f disord] & an>*y1 "o ^w ^u ! mo/ di/a/eful & effectual blight to :i* art is subject--! loss ( naturalness1 viz41 affectation4 ,c any?+ be m irritat+ ?an an affect$ actor or s+]1 cat]]s to p]v]t$ ta/es8 ,9 sculpture :at is m displeas+ ?an a di/ort$ figure1 :i* aim$ at grace & is become a c>icature8 ,affectation is 9 ! arts ! equivalant ( sophi/ry 9 logic1 ( ! false 9 morals1 ( hypocrisy 9 religion4 ,x is n extravagant to assume t affectation1 be+ a falsity1 an active lie1 is a torture to ! _s :i* p]ceives x1 & a wrong to ! hone/ s\ls :o endure x4 ,x %\ld be1 !re=e1 = tw(old cause1 bani%$ )\t pity f ! realm ( ae/hetics4 ,:y %\ld ! natural1 :i* is ! expression ( tru?1 h s great an attraction if affectation--its enemy & incumbrance--ar\s$ n our impati5ce or disda98 ,h[ is x t 9 *ildr5 ( all classes we f9d grace1 ravi%+ & inimitable8 ,x is because 9 !m ! accord is p]fect betwe5 ! look1 ! smile1 ! ge/ure & ! impression )91 ( :i* !y are ! int]pret]s--! adequate signs1 z ,dels>te w\ld say--! p]fidi\s flexibility ( words nev] int]pos+ to alt] ! h>mony4 ,true grace 9 adults is n t :i* is /udi$1 nor t :i* is arti/ically copi$ f a badly-*os5 type4 ,grace is born ( itself1 ! natural fruit ( ! culture ( ! m9d1 ( elevat$ ?\ghts & noble s5tim5ts4 ,x is a comb9ation ( excell5ces :i* come unconsci\sly to "s privileg$ be+s4 ,to imitate beautiful effects 9 nature1 to surprise _! expressions1 aft] hav+ obs]v$ & e/abli%$ ! relation ( cause to effect1--?is is ! end to :i* ! discov]y ( ,dels>te w\ld lead u4 ,z x is difficult = ea* to f9d ready at 8 comm& ! elem5ts = su* rese>*1 h[ c we ov]e/imate ! great value ( e/abli%+ s*ools 9 :i* ! in/ruction ( /ud5ts ( ! great art %all be guid$ 9 accordance ) ! e/abli%$ laws ( ae/hetics8 ,! "t ( greate/ necessity is ! imm$iate pres5t1 s9ce ! voice ( ! p cries l\dly ?r\gh ! press1 ,art is decay+ & w surely die6 ,b>ri]s are also supports1 said ,madame de ,/ael2 & :at m sure support 9 ! decad5ce :i* ?reat5s u1 ?an a positive sci5ce d$uc$ f irrefragable law6 ,i say irrefragable ) conviction4 ,?\gh human laws be subject to *ange1 ! laws ( nature are %[n to be immutable1 at lea/ s f> z ! obs]vations ( le>n$ m5 ( all ages h be5 able to e/abli% !m4 ,to su* ass]tions "o objection arises3 ,:y1 admitt+ t ! human organism furni%es exact & complete means ( manife/+ art 9 all ! dep>tm5ts ( ae/hetics1 %\ld n o!rs be=e ,dels>te h discov]$ t correlation8 ,i h consci5ti\sly consid]$ & s\ght light 9 ?is direction1 & ! result ( my rese>* furni%es me only a negation4 ,al?\gh ,i d n "h attempt a complete /udy ( ! philosophy ( art1 nor a g5]al hi/ory ( ! arts1 ,i h s\ght to discov] all t c\ld w>rant "o 9 presum+ ! discov]y ( a law ( ae/hetics 9 antiquity1 p>ticul>ly among ! ,greeks4 ,i f9d t 9 ! writ+s ( ,socrates1 ,plato & ,ari/otle--:o are ! be/ au?orities--art 0 a dep5d5ce ^u philosophy2 t is to say1 "o ) x1 hav+ no law outside ( x4 7,:]eas1 9 ! "w ( ,dels>te1 ae/hetics occupies ! fir/ place1 & philosophy becomes accessory47 ,i w "h ent] into "s details ( ! anci5t tea*+s4 ,socrates gave to 8 tea*+s a practical "* f\nd$ ^u ! k ( man4 ,he took = 8 po9t ( dep>ture man himself1 & e/abli%$ 7accord+ to ?is idea7 a morality ) ! motto ( ! temple ( ,delphi1--,"k ?yself4 ,?is doctr9e relat$ m especially to e?ics ?an to ae/hetics--z lat] did t ( ,pi]re ,l]\x--& x 0 f> f be+ able to direct arti/s 9 _! "w4 ,plato (t5 disc\rs$ ^u ! ,true1 ! ,beautiful1 ! ,good4 ,he /rove to dis5gage !m f ! concrete t he might d]ive "s g5]al =mulae4 ,to d ?is he employ$ ! me?od ( elim9ation1 a =m ( dialectics :i* ,i recomm5d to no "o1 not)/&+ its great value & ! s]vices x may r5d]1 aft] all1 to ^? m9ds end[$ ) pati5ce4 ,:at does he conclude 9 reg>d to art8 ,! ,socratic & dogmatic dialogues--! ,pha$o1 ! ,gorgias1 ! ,symposium1 ,protagoras1 ,ion1 ,pha$rus--ab\nd 9 allegories1 aphorisms1 & 9 aspirations t[>d an ideal1 m or less cle>ly def9$1 :i* end1 h[ev]1 n by any means 9 a discussion ( art1 b 9 su* affirmations z t :i* closes ! fir/ ,hippias3--,beautiful ?+s are difficult4 ,9 ! ,symposium we h a philosophical discussion int]pos$ betwe5 two orgies4 ,socrates !re ma9ta9s 8 title ( sage1 b x is surely n wisdom :i* presides at ! fea/4 ,:at light ^u my subject8 ,d we "h f9d any conclusive decision reg>d+ art8 ,no6 ,we h in/ead su* /atem5ts z ?is3 ,x is possible = ! same man to be bo? a tragic & a comic poet4 ,!n are made "s reflections ^u "t 9 music4 ,we c z yet discov] no?+ l a law ( ae/hetics4 ,9 ?is company1 :]e are assembl$ ! mo/ cultivat$ ( ! ,a!nian citiz5s1 !y discuss love & jeal\sy ( a k9d t ! moral in/9ct ( mod]n society c ) difficulty compreh5d4 ,b ^! diss]tations are ( no aid 9 ! solution :i* ,i seek4 ,& yet ! _s ( ,socrates at times atta9$ to great heights4 ,he puts into ! m\? ( a woman ( ,mant9ea ! !ory :i* saps ! old doctr9e & pres5ts mono!ism4 ,x is b "o /ep !nce to ,*ri/ianity1 & x 0 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 disciple ( ,py?agoras1 :o e/abli%$ a connection betwe5 ! idealism ( ! lat] ,greek philosophy & ! spirituality ( ! new religion taught by ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,socrates1 aft] a discussion ^u ^? int]m$iate deities1 :om he call$ daimons1 & among :om he places love1 assigns to love an orig9 & /range attributes :i*1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 expla9 ! rem>kable work+s ( ?is passion at t "t4 ,he at once exalts & seeks to make compreh5d$ ! new god--,beauty et]nal1 uncreat$ & imp]i%able1 a beauty hav+ no?+ s5su\s1 no?+ corporeal1--:i* exi/s absolutely & et]nally4 ,?is is all4 ,p]haps ?is ideal ( love1 z t ( philosophy1 may h be5 express$ 9 ! f\ndation ( ! religi\s ideal ( ,dels>te1 b ?is enc\nt] 9 ! e!real regions ( !ology & psy*ology--:]e ! human consci\sness p]ceives no?+ tangible1 & :5ce x d]ives only vague aspirations--implies no k1 ( any?+ l a law1 a sci5ce or a me?od1 su* z our arti/-innovator ( ! n9ete5? c5tury conceiv$ & taught4 ,ari/otle1 disciple ( ! f\nd] ( ! ,academy ( ,a!ns1 divid$ ! sci5ces into ?ree classes--logic1 philosophy & morals4 ,)9 ?is classification art is closely b\nd1 b ?is philosoph] made no sci5tific demon/ration ( x4 ,8 work+s are n ^? ( application & execution4 ,m ?an 8 pr$ecessors1 x is true1 he consid]$ ! human organism &1 9 ?is1 8 conception be>s a c]ta9 analogy to ! sy/em ( ,dels>te4 ,ari/otle1 z well z ,plato1 advis$ ! /udy ( nature1 & seek+ !re ! elem5ts ( ! ,beautiful2 b !y _h specially 9 view lit]ature & eloqu5ce4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 _! precepts are c\nsels & h ref]5ce to no def9ite law4 ,!y h n %[n ! l9ks ( connection betwe5 ! human faculties & ! me*anism :i* manife/s !m2 !y h n taught man ! mann] ( us+ 8 organs to express arti/ically 8 s5sations1 emotions & ?\ghts4 ,! ,greeks _h e advantage ( models & philosophical s*ools1 9 :i* art 0 taught4 ,b !y _h no s*ool ( ae/hetics4 ,arti/s ( g5ius taught ! s*ools m ?an !y le>n$ ( !m2 & ^! arti/s1 s f> z ,i c le>n1 h left no trace ( !oretical works1 b1 z be=e writt51 g5ius prec$es & exemplifies law4 ,:ile ,plato & ,ari/otle plac$ a beacon light ^u ! road lead+ to a law1 !y nev] t\*$ ! goal4 ,dels>te proce$$ o!rwise4 ,he />ts ) a pr9ciple cle>ly def9$ & ev]y?+ h>monizes ) x4 ,h ! hi/orians & critics ( ! ,greek philosophy discov]$ t :i* ,i va9ly s\ght 9 its initiators1--a law ( ae/hetics8 ,?is is a "q to be answ]$4 ,w9kelmann1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,art1 says3 ,! f9e arts1 9 _! rise & decad5ce1 may be lik5$ unto great riv]s :i*1 at ! po9t ( fulle/ greatness1 break up into innum]able t9y /reams & are lo/ 9 ! s&s4 ,/ill foll[+ ?is imag]y1 he comp>es ,egyptian art to a f9e tree ^: gr[? is /opp$ by a /+2 ,etruscan art to a torr5t2 ,greek art to a limpid /ream4 ,n[1 ! law ( life ( trees1 /reams or torr5ts1 is n id5tical ) t :i* gov]ns ! unity ( a human life4 ,l ,ari/otle1 ,w9kelmann /ates cle>ly ! pr9ciple t man is ! measure ( all ?+s1 b he does n foll[ up ! consequ5ces2 he rea*es no sci5tific demon/ration ^u any po9t4 ,f> f e/abli%+ ! exi/5ce ( a law ( ae/hetics among ! ,greeks1 he simply rem>ks ^u ! extreme simplicity ( _! beg9n+s1 & %[s by :at grop+s !y came f ,h]mes to ! mo/ p]fect works ( ,phidias & ,praxiteles4 ,m5gs /ates t ! fir/ designs 7 ( =ms approa*+ human semblance2 & t ! sci5ces & philosophy mu/ ( necessity h prec$$ ! ,beautiful 9 ! arts4 ,he ?9ks t ! ,greeks e/abli%$ ! proportions ( _! figures by imitation ( beautiful nature4 ,f ^! two comm5tators we h a hi/ory ( ! progression ( ! arts t[>d ! ,ideal4 ,m5gs /ates t ! ,greeks & ! ,etruscans h giv5 rules ( proportion & /yle4 ,b progression1 proportion1 /yle1--all ( :i* proce$+ f a fix$ /&>d ( beauty may guide arti/s--! p]ception ev5 ( ! ideal :i* ea* "o int]prets 9 8 own way--_c be assimilat$ to t orig9al law :i* c>ries 9 itself all ! reasons ( ! concept1 t :i* conta9s all conditions & means ( a true execution1--individual ev5 to ! p]fection ( ea* type1 g5]al & v>i$ z ! inf9ite %ades ( nature4 ,9 response to ! allegation ( ,m5gs1 t ! sci5ces & philosophy mu/ necess>ily h prec$$ ! ,beautiful 9 ! arts1 ,i w\ld call att5tion to ! fact t celebrat$ arti/s--z ,phidias & ,zeuxis = example--_h produc$ _! works long be=e ! dialogues betwe5 ,socrates1 ,protagoras1 ,hippias & o!rs1 ^u ! ,true1 ! ,good & ! ,beautiful4 ,! great pa9t] & ! great sculptor c\ld only h proce$$ by ! intuition ( _! g5ius1 kn[+ no?+ ( a law ( ae/hetics4 ,9 t :i* rema9s to u ( antiquity1 ,i f9d no?+ :i* implies su* an application ( ! human organism to ! arts z t ^: discov]y1 promulgation1 exemplification & tea*+ we owe to ,dels>te4 ,m4 ,eug5e ,v]on1 writ] ( our day1 & au?or ( rem>kable works on art1 f> f recogniz+ among ! ,greeks a law ( ae/hetics1 writes ( ,plato3 ,he consid]$ ideas z species ( div9e be+s1 int]m$iate betwe5 ! ,supreme ,deity & ! _w4 ,!irs is ! p[] ( creation & =mation4444 ,matt] un9tellig5t & self-=m$ is no?+1 & realizes exi/5ce only ?r\gh ! op]ation ( ! idea :i* gives x its =m4 ,ari/otle beg9s by reject+ all ?is phantasmagory ( et]nal & creative ideas4 ,he fills ! abyss betwe5 matt] & _s4 ,god1 pure ?\ght & be+ preem95t1 br+s all into exi/5ce by 8 p[] ( attraction :i* gives to all activity & life4 ,we w&] f>!r & f>!r f a law ( ae/hetics & its means ( application z e/abli%$ by ,dels>te4 ,( all ! writ]s :o h ?or\ghly exam9$ antique art1 ,victor ,c\s9 w\ld seem ! "o ) :om ,dels>te _h mo/ 9 common1 if ?is em95t philosoph] 7 n a contempor>y ( ! ma/] & _h n att5d$ 8 lectures1 8 arti/ic sessions & 8 conc]ts4 ,9 8 mann] ( treat+ art1 ?is is (t5 %[n bywords & =ms & fla%es ( in/9ctive rem9isc5ce :i* recall ! great s*ool4 ,9 8 book1 ,! ,true1 ! ,beautiful & ! ,good 7edition ( #aheh71 ! le>n$ pr(essor writes3 ,! true me?od gives u a law to />t f man to arrive at ?+s4 ,all ! arts1 )\t exception1 address ! s\l ?r\gh ! body4 ,he is on ! way1 b 8 position embraces nei!r ! />t+-po9t1 :i* is ! law1 nor any practical means t[>d an end4 ,= ! re/1 ! ne>] 8 propositions approa* ! law ( ,dels>te1 ! easi] x becomes to e/abli% ! radical diff]5ces :i* sep>ate !m4 ,dels>te does n say t ! law is to />t f man to arrive at ?+s1 b t man uses 8 corporeal organs to manife/ himself 9 8 ?ree con/itu5t modalities1--physical1 m5tal & moral4 ,x is v c]ta9 t works ( art1 l all concrete =ms1 c only be p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,:o does n "k ?is8 ,b t :i* is mo/ difficult to compreh5d1 is ! j relation ( cause to effect--z to ! faculty & its manife/ation1--& x is ?is :i* ,dels>te discov]$ & made cle>4 ,! "o /at$ ! action ( art :5 p]ceiv$2 ! o!r1 ! necessities ( ! arti/ 9 ord] t art respond to ! law4 ,i %all h m ?an once to r5d] ju/ice to ,victor ,c\s94 ,inh]itor ( ! ,greek philosoph]s1 he all[s dialectics too great m>g94 ,he w&]s 9 8 premises & arrives at 8 conclusions--:5 he c4 7,"h1 ( c\rse1 ,i speak only ( art47 ,9 philosophy1 ,c\s91 beg9n+ ) effects1 f induction to induction1 (t5 arrives at causes & /ates "s pr9ciples4 ,dels>te1 p]haps1 proce$$ ?us :ile seek+ to comb9e 8 discov]ies1 b ?is accompli%$1 he plac$ 9 ! fir/ l9e1 syn!sis1 :5ce all emanates1 & ?is focus ( light radiat+ 9 all directions1 illum9es ev5 to its f>!/ limit1 ! va/ field ( ae/hetics4 ,c\s91 aft] all1 claims nei!r = ! ,greeks nor = himself ! discov]y ( a law4 ,pr\dhon1 :o repres5t$ ! ,protagorean s*ool among u1 humor+ 8 :im1 produc$ a "w on art4 ,9 ?is he decl>es t he has v little gift 9 ae/hetics1 & ass]ts himself a dialectician1 & we _c d5y 8 p[] 9 logic :ile he reg>ds ?+s f a prop] /&-po9t4 ,v well6 ,pr\dhon *all5g$ ! ,academy to indicate a me?od--) ev5 m reason might he h said law ( ae/hetics4 ,%all we1 at la/1 f9d among ! true critics ( ,fr5* lit]ature any syn!tic basis :i* may guide u 9 all bran*es ( art8 ,:at d ,i f9d 9 ,! ,poetic ,art1 by ,boileau1 ! great au?ority ( ! ,augu/an age1--rhetoric1 beautiful v]ses1 full ( excell5t c\nsel8 ,i f9d !re wisely arbitrat$ rules1 a sieve ?r\gh :i* x w\ld be well to pass ! works ( our own times1 includ+ ! v]dicts :i* di/ribute ! glory4 ,b ! means ( putt+ into practice ^! valuable precepts--! crit]ion to e/abli% _! tru?1 ! t\*/one :i* may di/+ui% ! pure gold--does n appe>6 ,9 default ( ^! means ( c]titude1 ea* may1 accord+ to 8 in/9ct or 8 pride1 insi/ t he has fulfill$ ! conditions prescrib$ by ! au?or ( ! ,lutr91 & judge 8 rivals by ! sole au?ority ( 8 prejudices4 ,la ,h>pe & 8 foll[]s h di/ribut$ praise & blame1 & at ! same "t said :at %\ld be done1 b !y h giv5 no h[4 ,m griev\s /ill are ! me&]+s ( ! critics ( our public j\rnals4 ,!y w&] )\t compass & )\t rudd]1 approv+ or condemn+ accord+ to _! fri5d%ips & antipa?ies2 save ^? connoisseurs em]ites1 ^: f9e1 sure ta/e & exceptional erudition are r>ely able to supply a law & /ate a reason = _! judgm5t4 ,among u1 z among ! ,greeks1 may be f\nd arti/s :o h giv5 pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ! supreme !ory ( :i* ,i n[ write4 ,talma & ,malibran--9 ano!r ord]1 ,dejazet1 & ,fr$]ick ,lemaitre1 ev5 ,!resa h]self1 h1 9 a great] or less degree1 exemplifi$ ?is law imprescriptable4 ,^! arti/s1 m>k$ by nature ) ! seal ( _! vocation1 possess$ t =ce ( tru? :i* produces sudd5 bur/s ( eloqu5ce1 great dramatic effects2 9 a ^w1 z be=e express$1 ! happy /rokes ( g5ius4 ,yes1 be=e & aft] ,dels>te1 !re 7 & %all be be+s con=m+ by in/9ct to 8 law4 ,b ) him alone %all re/ ! honor ( its discov]y & fir/ tea*+1 & ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! sci5ce ^u /rong f\ndations4 ,x rema9s = me to exam9e ! relations betwe5 ! work+s ( ,dels>te & ^? :o h treat$ ! same que/ions conc]n+ ! t]ms 7accord+ to him1 accessory71 ! ,true1 ! ,good & ! ,beautiful2 & also to consid] ! value ( ea* bran* ( ae/hetics 9 ! entirety ( ! sy/em4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,elem5ts ,( ,art4 ,! ,true1 ! ,good1 ! ,beautiful4 ,?\gh ,dels>te be ackn[l$g$ ! discov]] ( ! law ( ae/hetics1 he may h held po9ts 9 common ) _m :o be=e him _h _h pres5tim5ts ( its com+ & _h in/9ctively exp]i5c$ its =ce4 ,premonitions prec$e ! discov]y z complem5ts %\ld foll[4 ,! ,true1 ! ,good1 ! ,beautiful1 con/itu5t elem5ts ( ae/hetics1 h be5 div]sely int]pret$4 ,f 8 intellectual obs]vatory1 a z5i? :5ce ! arti/-philosoph] view$ cle>ly ! :ole & ! details1 he may be suppos$ to h ga9$ light beyond any :i* c\ld h come to 8 pr$ecessors4 ,i w1 !n1 resume my p>allel f ?is po9t ( view4 ,! ,true1 ! ,good & ! ,beautiful 7 n made1 9 ! s*ool ( ,dels>te1 objects ( special tea*+4 ,by def9itions1 reflections & illu/rations ( ! ma/]1 !y 7 %[n to ent] fully into ! sci5ce & me?od--a "p ( x di/+ui%able & insep>able4 ,! ma/]1 9 8 demon/rations1 commonly employ$ v>i\s well-kn[n maxims :i* 7 always accr$it$ to _! au?ors4 ,?us1 f ,plato3 ,! ,beautiful is ! spl5dor ( ! ,true4 ,f ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 9 reg>d to sci5ce3 ,9 creation all is done by numb]1 weight & measure4 ,f ,/4 ,augu/9e 7= he (t5 quot$ f sacr$ works73 ,moral beauty is ! brilliancy ( ! ,good4 ,b ,i mu/ proce$ 9 ord]4 ,i owe x to ! s9c]ity ( my endeavor to expla9 fir/ ! ae/hetic "w ( ,dels>te z %[n me by 8 own tea*+s4 ,! ,true4 ,! ,true ,illum9ates ! ,?\ght4 ,to det]m9e ! signification ( ! ,true1 we mu/ fir/ ask :at is tru?8 ,x has be5 def9$ z3 ,a fix$ pr9ciple1 an axiom4 ,! t]m tru? has be5 appli$ to su* or su* maxims2 b !re are few ass]tions n subject to discussion or :i* w\ld be accept$ z decisive )\t comm5t4 ,!y h n t pi]c+ cle>ness :i* det]m9es conviction by simple appreh5sion or at fir/ sight4 ,! diction>y ( ! ,academy is m explicit 9 its /atem5t3 ,tru? is ! con=mity ( ! idea to its object4 ,b a pref]able def9ition is t ( ,madame ,clem5ce ,roy]3 ,tru? is ! concept ( ! _s 9 reg>d to ! reality ( ?+s & ! laws :i* gov]n !m4 ,?is philosophical /atem5t is readily adapt$ to ! ,true 9 ! arts1 :i* is acquir$ by ! obs]vation ( nature & adaptation ( ! lawful ideal4 ,h[1 !n1 may we recognize ! ,true 9 ae/hetics accord+ to ?is def9ition8 ,! arti/1 fir/ & above all1 %\ld disreg>d no law ( nature1 b :5 he aspires to great works1 ! concept ( 8 _s 9 reg>d to ! reality ( ?+s & _! laws %\ld lead him to idealize :at he sees1 translat+ 8 p]sonal conception ( ! ,beautiful & ! ,sublime1 if 8 flight c>ry him s f>4 ,! ^w ,art is m compreh5sive 9 t :i* x expresses1 ?an ! ^w ,true4 ,art completes itself by its o!r elem5ts1 ! ,beautiful & ! ,good4 ,plato1 & ! philosoph]s 9 g5]al1 treat$ ( tru? f ! /&-po9t ( philosophy r ?an ( art4 ,/ill ! great ,a!nian seem$ to believe 9 a sort ( cele/ial museum1 :]e ! arti/1 p5etrat+ by intuition1 0 inspir$ by a vision1 m or less cle>1 ( ! ma/]pieces ( div9e conception4 ,dels>te approa*$ 9 a c]ta9 s5se ?is v idea1 b 8 doctr9e ( ! ,true 9 art1 al?\gh dep5d+ ^u ! my/ic basis ( a holy ,tr9ity1 br\ght =? developm5ts bo? rational & sci5tific :i* leave f> beh9d ! ,platonic hypo!sis4 ,9 ! sy/em ( ,dels>te x is no long] a vague ideal dimly p]ceptible1 :i* mu/ guide ! arti/ 9 ! execution ( 8 "w1 = ! innovator says expressly t ! div9e ?\ght is writt5 9 man himself4 ,x is !re=e at ! comm& ( e "o :o seeks tru? to make x manife/ 9 art4 ,9 ! new sy/em1 man be+ at once ! arti/ & object ( art1 lit]>y m51 sculptors & pa9t]s proce$ f a basis ev] to be obs]v$ & /udi$1 to rise f ! ,true to ! ,ideal4 ,"h ! flight mu/ be m rapid &1 above all1 less deceptive ?an ! purely my/ic fancy ( ,plato4 ,we %all see 9 consid]+ ! ,beautiful 9 ! arts1 t f> f giv+ rise to arbitr>y & fanta/ic conceptions1 ! great ideal mu/ become1 accord+ to ! sci5ce & me?od ( ! ma/]1--! aggr&izem5t & ! h>mony ( ! faculties ( ! human be+4 ,! ,good4 ,! ,good ,sanctifies ! ,s\l4 ,:at is ! ,good 9 art8 ,"h aga9 ! philosophical /&>d b>s ! way & dem&s priority4 ,:at1 !n1 is ,good indep5d5t ( v>i$ feel+s & ( all ! v>i$ & contradictory int]e/s ( human subjectivity :i* encumb] x 9 ! m9ds ( ! multitude ( ?9k+ p8 ,! ,good1 aft] ?is elim9ation1 is r$uc$ or r elevat$ to "o simple idea1 s g5]al & requisite is x4 ,! ,good seems to be t :i* c give to ! greate/ numb] ( be+s1 exi/+ 9 ! univ]se 7con=mably to _! hi]>*y71 ! greate/ sum ( happ9ess & p]fection1 consid]+1 = humanity1 ! importance ( ! mutual relations ( ! faculties4 ,if ?is be true ( ! ,good 9 life1 is n a way cle>ly trac$ = art1 ^: mission is to embelli% exi/5ce8 ,&1 fur!r1 if x be inconte/able1 t man _c transgress ! laws ( 8 nature )\t wrong+ 8 intellig5ce & 8 happ9ess1 ev5 8 /r5g? & beauty1 h[ %all art m]it our love & homage if its p[] be ex]t$ to excite inf]ior faculties & subv]sive passions8 ,are n poise & h>mony ! be/ conditions ( exi/5ce = ! human organism8 ,t :i* ,plato dem&$ = ! ,beautiful 9 favor ( ! ,true--namely1 spl5dor--,dels>te dem&$ also ( art 9 favor ( ! ,good4 ,8 ?\ght is summ$ up 9 ?is =mula1 ,man is ! object ( art4 ,man1 be+ arti/1 becomes ! ag5t ( ae/hetics4 ,man1 9 8 humanity1 is ! goal t[>d :i* %\ld t5d all ! ef=ts & exp]im5ts ( ! art-moraliz]4 ,! ma/] ma9ta9$ ! possibility ( rea*+ ?is end by two oppos+ ways1 n contradictory2 i4e41 ! production ( ! ,beautiful "u its physical1 m5tal & moral =ms2 & by ! manife/ation ( ! ,ugly "u ! same =ms1 exhibit+ :at he call$ ! hide\sness ( vice4 ,immorality may be r5d]$ poetical & arti/ic1 because ( its be+ a corruption ( ! moral1 (t5 pres]v+ ! impr9t ( its orig91 ev5 ?r\gh\t its greate/ errors4 ,its agitation1 its combats & its defeats int]e/ ! judgm5t & ! he>t4 ,! ,ugly or unseemly1 morally speak+1 is ! synonym ( vice4 ,! ,ugly 9 ! language ( ! arts has _m div]se significations4 ,x is 9 ^! %ades & v>iable proportions t x affects our subject1 b ! depict+ ( repulsive ?+s1 =eign to morality1 to s5tim5t & to passion1 has no "r to exi/ 9 ae/hetics4 ,x may be possible to cure a vice by %[+ its hide\sness4 ,b does ?is w>rant su* excit+ ( ! disgu/ ( ! s5ses8 ,x is an outrage to ! wor%ip ( ! ,beautiful1 )\t comp5sation ( any k9d4 ,!re c be no advantage to humanity 9 exhibit+ ! hide\sness ( disease or ! mon/rosities ( c]ta9 natural ph5om5a6 ,op5 to !m ! museums ( comp>ative anatomy1 b close ! gall]ies consecrat$ to ! f9e arts6 ,!re exi/ also mon/rosities :i* are n includ$ 9 ^! categories2 !y pres5t no moral dang]1 b are disagreeable & repulsive to good ta/e4 ,!y consi/ ( fanta/ic =ms1 9 accordance ) ! _s ( an inf]ior civilization1 rem9d+ "o ( ! mis%ap5 & gigantic prehi/oric animals1 ^: bones a/\nd u1 & :i* disappe>$ f our globe t man might appe>4 ,among cultivat$ contempor>ies ^! ecc5tricities spr+ f an incl9ation t[>d orig9ality1 caprice1 grotesque ta/e2 f a simil> impulse to t :i* directs lit]ature t[>d burlesque & p>odies1 & ! pla/ic arts t[>d c>icature4 ,su* productions may please "s di/+ui%$ & intellig5t natures :i* _c h be5 highly favor$ 9 ! di/ribution ( ! delicacies ( s5tim5t & ! exquisite graces ( wit4 ,9 a ^w1 ! art indulg+ 9 ?is class ( manife/ations acts accord+ to ! mode simpli/e4 ,i borr[ ?is t]m f ,*>les ,f\ri]1 & ,i say once = all1 t by x ,i mean n ! entire1 b ! almo/ exclusive pr$om9ance ( "o or ! o!r ( ! modalities ( ! human be+4 ,"h ! simplisme be+ altoge!r intellectual1 :ile x is inf]ior to manife/ations 9 :i* ! be+ exp&s h>moni\sly1 x w\nds no ess5tial 9 ! syn!sis ( ! me2 :ile a pr$om9ation ( ! s5sual to ! same degree is mo/ p]nici\s to t :i* delights 9 x & antipa!tic to ^? :o d n live solely 9 ! mat]ial aspects ( exi/5ce4 ,exi/+ among ! elem5ts ( ae/hetics1 z ! faculties ( man1 are c]ta9 dep5d5cies1 connections1 aff9ities1 p5etrations1 :i* r5d] an ab/raction ( "o ( !m almo/ impossible4 ,?us ,i h anticipat$ allusions to ! ,beautiful 9 consid]+ ! ,good4 ,by ?us connect+ !m1 ! bett] to di/+ui% !m1 ,i h rea*$ ! conclusion t moral evil %\ld nev] be manife/$ 9 ! arts unless ) ! view ( r$ress+ x4 ,9 ?is case ! bett] its real *>act]i/ics are /udi$1 ! m /rongly !y are acc5tuat$ ?r\gh\t1 ! m successful ! "w w be f ! pla/ic po9t ( view1 & ! m p[] x w h to repel ^? inw>d wrongs :i* x d5\nces1 & ?is ev5 ?\gh ! int5tion ( ! arti/ %\ld n t\* ?is result4 ,! ,beautiful4 ,! ,beautiful ,purifies ! ,emotions4 ,at fir/ glance1 x might seem ! privilege ( ea* "o to say1 ,! ,beautiful is t :i* appe>s to me z su*4 ,i believe 9 ?is reg>d1 t ! mo/ capable arti/1 %\ld he be also ! mo/ p]fect logician1 w\ld nev] be able to p]suade sa9t$ & simple ignorance t x %\ld n rema9 firmly gr\nd$ ^u fai? 9 its own impressions4 ,place ,hugo1 ,m]cie1 ,bonnat1 ,sa9t-,sa5s1 ,mass5et1 ,jonci]es 9 ! pres5ce ( simple c\ntrym5--or1 :at is worse /ill1 ( inf]ior arti/s & critics1 ( pret5ti\s amateurs--& y w see by :at sup]cili\s1 incr$ul\s ge/ures1 be+ incapable ( argum5t1 ?is satisfi$ ignorance w repel all ass]tions ( ! great au?orities4 ,%\ld we1 !re=e1 disreg>d ?is reluctance to recognize ! features ( ! ,beautiful 9 great works8 ,we mu/ at lea/ d$uce f x ! fact t ! effect ( art dep5ds ^u "s relation betwe5 ! obs]v] & ! ?+ obs]v$4 ,not)/&+ ! reality ( ! beauties ( su* or su* a "w1 9 ! eyes ( _m appreciators1 ! subjectivity ( ea* obs]v] %\ld rema9 decisive1 vis-a-vis to himself1 z long z he _c be conv9c$ by ! au?ority ( a law2 &1 f9ally1 x is imp]ative t 8 compreh5sion ( t law %\ld be r5d]$ possible by prelim9>y /udies4 ,on ! contr>y1 %all t :i* has be5 recogniz$ z beautiful by ! initiat$ ev] s9ce arti/s creat$1 & enlight5$ criticism discuss$ & judg$ x1 appe> n[ be=e uncultivat$ criticism z )\t au?ority8 ,9 default ( law & sci5ce1 !re is a sort ( univ]sal cons5t among compet5t ?9k]s2 & _! appreciation ( ! highe/ class ( works is ma9ta9$ by a process ( adhesion c>ri$ on by e conv]sion f ignorant bl9dness to ! light ( appreciation4 ,! "q ( subjectivity 9 ! decl>$ judgm5ts 9 ae/hetics has giv5 rise to incessant controv]sies :i* began1 p]haps1 among ! ,greeks & are go+ on among u4 ,?\gh no absolute decision has be5 rea*$1 "s excell5t maxims h result$4 ,9 default ( an irrefutable def9ition ( ! ,beautiful1 !re h be5 giv5 u images1 analogies & ?\ghts ^u ! subject :i* approa* & prep>e = su* def9itions3 ,victor ,c\s9 has said3 ,x is reason :i* decides z to ! ,beautiful & r$uces x to ! s5sation ( ! agreeable1 & ta/e has no fur!r law4 ,av]sion accompanies ! ,ugly 7unseemly7 z love walks h& 9 h& ) ! ,beautiful4 ,! ,beautiful inspires love pr(\nd b n passionate4 ,! arti/ p]ceives only ! ,beautiful :]e ! s5sual man sees only ! attractive or frightful4 ,&1 aga91 ,t is sublime :i* pres5ts ! idea ( ! ,inf9ite4 ,?is la/ ?\ght br+s u to ,dels>te1 :o1 p]haps1 0 its inspiration4 ,! foll[+ valuable ?\ghts ( ! ma/]1 :ile n relat$ sci5tifically to 8 sy/em1 are /ill alli$ to its physical & philosophical aspects3 ,=m1 says ! innovator 9 ae/hetics1 is ! ve/m5t ( sub/ance2 x is ! expressive symbol ( a my/]i\s tru?2 x is ! /amp ( a hidd5 virtue1 ! actuality ( be+2 9 a ^w1 =m is ! pla/ic ( ! ,ideal4 ,! ,beautiful is ! transp>5cy ( ! aptitudes ( ! ag5t1 & x radiates f ! faculties :i* gov]n x4 ,x is ord] :i* results f ! dynamical disposition ( =ms4 ,beauty is ! reason :i* presides at ! creation ( ?+s2 x is ! invisible p[] :i* draws u & subjugates u 9 !m4 ,! ,beautiful comprises ?ree *>act]s1 :i* we di/+ui% "u ! foll[+ titles3 ,ideal1 moral & pla/ic beauty4 ,by ! enunciation ( ^! ?ree categories1 ,dels>te ent]s ^u ! positive aspect ( 8 sy/em4 ,z ! result ( ! c>eful exam9ation ( ! aptitudes or faculties ( ! ,ego1 approa*able by analysis & appli$ to ae/hetics1 he has e/abli%$ ?is fir/ class ( manife/ations 7ideal beauty7 z requisite to art4 ,?is mu/ result f a comb9ation ( ! faculties2 ! possibilities ( comb9ation be+ inf9ite1 b always 9 subjection to ! human be+4 ,! arti/1 accord+ to ?is p]sonal p[] ( inspiration1 %\ld be able to portray a totality ( sup]ior & h>moni\s qualities1 su* z w oblige any compet5t obs]v] to recognize x z beautiful4 ,we h tak5 a /ep into ! realm ( ! ,ideal2 t is to say1 we h t\*$ t :i*1 )\t dep>t+ f ! law1 surpasses conv5tional rule & ! natural types accept$ = ! ,beautiful4 ,be=e foll[+ ! ,ideal into its e!real region1 we w fur!r consid] ! nature ( its f\ndation1 :i* is a comb9ation ( ! ?ree "m faculties :i* ,dels>te decl>es to be1 9 ae/hetics1 ! crit]ion ( ! law & ! f\ndation ( ! sci5ce4 ,we already recognize ^! z ! physical1 m5tal & moral aspects ( ! human be+4 ,! pla/ic art allies itself p>ticul>ly to ! physical con/itution1 b ! physique _c be p]fectly beautiful unless x manife/s intellectual & moral faculties4 ,moral & intellectual beauty reveal !mselves 9 ! human be+ "u ! empire ( passion & ( s5tim5t1 & ! physique is mom5t>ily trans=m$4 ,! arti/ %\ld seize beauty at ?is mom5t ( fulle/ p]fection1 above ! normal conditions ( human exi/5ce & p]haps beyond possible pla/ic beauty4 ,behold :at glori\s possibility = ! direction ( ! arti/'s aspirations t[>d ! ,beautiful6 ,b ev5 ?is happy *ance by no means includes all ( ! possible conceptions ( ! ,ideal1 & nei!r does x furni% u any absolute idea or def9ition4 ,?is vision ( beauty1 made ideal by exaltation ( ! intellig5ce & ! emotion1 c only be p]ceiv$ by ! arti/ ( practic$ obs]vation & ( t intuitive p]ception :i* is ! gift ( nature4 ,aga9 consid]$1 ! ,ideal1 be+ relative z well z ! ,beautiful1 ( :i* x is ! exub]ance1 we mu/ rememb] t ! ^w is f> f correspond+ to an idea ( absolute beauty4 ,?us ! ,ideal ( an ord9>y ta/e is n s high z t ( a p]son ^: /&>d ( beauty is sup]ior1 & ! two w be v di/ant f ! image conceiv$ by ! p51 ! *isel or ! bru% ( a great arti/4 ,9 _m cases ! ,ideal is no?+ b a se>*+ = ! int5tion ( nature1 oblit]at$ by ! circum/ances & accid5ts ( life4 ,!n ! task ( ! arti/ %\ld be to ree/abli% ! type 9 8 logic--a vulg> face may be portray$ by a skilful bru%--&1 :ile pres]v+ its features1 !re may be put into x ! culture ( intellect & noble s5tim5ts4 ,an arti/1 = in/ance1 w see 9 a woman1 :om "t has tri$1 c]ta9 elem5ts ( beauty :i* enable him to portray h] ne>ly z %e 0 at ! age ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,he %\ld be able to div9e 9 ! "y girl1 accord+ to ! normal developm5t ( h] features1 h] appe>ance at ! complete unfold+ ( h] beauty4 ,yes2 9 ^! diff]5t cases ! arti/ %all h idealiz$1 s9ce he %all h compreh5d$1 p5etrat$1 int]pret$ & rectifi$ nature4 ,/ill1 he may n yet h atta9$ to ! compreh5sion ( p]fect beauty1 su*1 at lea/1 z human emotion & intellect c conceive1 & su* z we love to imag9e z inhabit+ ! sup]ior sph]es ( ! univ]se ( :i* we "k no?+ fur!r ?an ! dictate ( our reason1 namely1 t !y are inhabit$ by be+s m or less l ourselves4 ,:5 ^! sublime effects appe> 9 art1 x is z ?\gh a veil 7 torn1 reveal+ glimpses ( a _w ( ideas1 emotions & impressions1 surpass+ our compreh5sion1 approa*able only by our aspirations4 ,?us1 ,dels>te1 sup]ior to 8 sci5ce1 has %[n u ! arti/ 9 full possession ( all t he has acquir$1 & ! inmo/ *>m ( t :i* is reveal$ to him4 ,9 execution he prov$ ?is tru?3 ,if tal5t may be born ( sci5ce1 x is g5ius :i* di/+ui%es ! highe/ p]sonalities1 & to m]it ! title ( high arti/ic p]sonality "o mu/ conta9 9 himself an ess5ce indescribable1 unutt]able1 :i* con/itutes ! aureole ( gr& br[s1 & ! sign lum9\s ( great works ( art4 ,?us1 z virtue1 art has its degrees4 ,art1 9 its mo/ simple expression1 is ! fai?ful repres5tation ( nature4 ,if ! conception ( a "w or ( a type is elevat$ to a degree ( p]fection :i* satisfies at once ! pla/ic s5se1 ! emotion & ! intellect1 we w call x ,gr& ,art4 ,f9ally1 if1 9 ! pres5ce ( a creation1 we recognize p]fect h>mony 7:i* goes beyond p]fect proportion72 if ! "w call =? 9 u t contemplative ec/asy :i* gives u ! impression &1 z x 71 ! vision ( pure beauty1 %all we n recognize ,supreme ,art8 ,! sy/em ( ,dels>te responds to all ^! desid]ata ( ae/hetics4 ,9 8 law he gives u ! necess>y bases2 by 8 sci5ce he indicates ! practical means1 by 8 me?od & illu/rations he completes ! sci5ce & demon/rates ! law4 ,:]e is place left = d\bt or contradiction8 ,he /at$ :at he knew & h[ he _h le>n$ x4 ,9 8 recitals occurr$ innum]able beautiful pro(s ( 8 greatness & simplicity1 (t5times m conv9c+ ?an l5g?y1 involv$ argum5t c\ld ev] be4 ,"s may ask3 ,h[ c a positive sci5ce lead t[>d an ideal :i* _c be t\*$1 he>d n se58 ,w\ld n ?is sci5ce be ! antipode 7"s w\ld say antidote7 ( ! my/ic dreams ( ,plato & ( ,dels>te himself8 ,reply is easy4 ,dels>te recogniz$ 9 our m5tal consci\sness t desire = rese>* into ! unkn[n :i* w\ld s\nd ! my/]ies ( nature4 ,he did n disreg>d t intuitive =ce ( imag9ation :i* c (t5 =m f simple kn[n elem5ts ! concept ( conditions sup]ior to ! tangible4 ,betwe5 ?is nature1 :i* we he> & see & t\*1 & t nature :i* ! arti/ feels1 imag9es1 & to :i* he aspires1 ,dels>te has plac$ a ladd] ^: base is among u1 & ^: summit is lo/ 9 ! inf9ite spaces ( fiction & poesy4 ,by ?is asc5t into ! realm ( lib]ty1 ( p]sonality & ( g5ius1 ! elect ( ae/hetics %all m\nt & ga91 &1 /ill ma9ta9+ _! relations ) ! ,real1 %all br+ d[n to u ! glori\s trophies ( _! art4 ,dels>te1 =emo/ among m51 _h climb$ ! magic ladd]4 ,8 exquisite h>monies 9 ! dramatic art & lyric declamation 7 beautiful inde$1 b ! ae/hetic beauties :i* he br\ght =? 9 ! roles t he int]pret$1 mu/1 alas6 disappe> ) him4 ,he has left u ! bases ( 8 sci5ce1 b :o %all s beautifully tread ! way--reign+ by song amid/ a ?\s& acc5ts ( devot$ en?usiasm6 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,application ( ! ,law to ! ,v>i\s ,arts4 ,we h n[ to consid] ea* bran* ( ae/hetics 9 ! totality ( ! sy/em1 to be assur$ :e!r or no ?is law discov]$ by ,dels>te cov]s all dep>tures 9 ! doma9 ( art4 ,fir/1 !n1 ! />t+-po9t ar\nd :i* all is c5t]$ & f :i* fl[ all developm5ts4 ,man is ! object ( art4 ,?is proposition applies z readily to ! conception ( lit]ature1 poetry & ! pla/ic art z to ! m active manife/ations ( ! dramatic1 oratorical or lyric art4 ,man be+ ?us ! object ( art 9 all ( its specialties1 ! "p ( ! arti/ is to manife/ t :i* is reveal$ to him1 ?r\gh 8 ?ree ess5tial modalities1--physical1 moral & intellectual 79 ! words ( ,dels>te1 life1 s\l & _s1 ) ! divisions & subdivisions t !y all[71 z has be5 cle>ly /at$ 9 ! *apt] ^u ,! ,law ( ,a,esthetics1 & fur!r confirm$ 9 ! "o ^u ,! ,bases ( ! ,sci5ce4 ,b ?\gh all ( ^! primordial modalities appe> 9 ea* concept & 9 all arti/ic manife/ations1 ! proportion 9 :i* ea* appe>s is indef9itely v>iable4 ,x is a pr$om9ance ( "o or ano!r ( ^! :i* classifies & specializes4 ,x is ! h>mony1 m or less p]fect1 ( ! compon5ts ( ?is triple unity :i* det]m9es ! value ( arti/ic manife/ations4 ,"u ?is law1 !n1 come all ( ! arts1 inasmu* z ea*1 diff]+ 9 subjects treat$ & 9 means ( execution1 /ill has a common mission1 namely1 ! revelation ( impressions1 ! intelligible expression ( ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( man4 ,to be m cle>ly und]/ood1 ,i w f ?is po9t consid] sep>ately ! diff]5t bran*es ( ae/hetics4 ,art--,dramatic1 ,lyric & ,oratorical4 ,! proclivities necess>y to an arti/1 actor or orator 7intellig5ce be+ ! fir/ consid]ation & beauty ( m9or importance7 are3 expansion1 s5sibility or at lea/ impressionability2 a ready compreh5sion ( ! works to be int]pret$1 if n ! requisite capacity to execute !m4 ,"o's p>ticul> vocation 7or cong5ial l9e ( "w7 is ! fir/ condition 9 ei!r ( ^! dep>tm5ts ( art1 & into ! consid]ation ( ?is mu/ ent] t ( physical beauty su* z ! roles dem&2 always consid]+ :at has be5 nam$ ! physique ( ! situation4 ,9 a ^w1 ^! ?ree aspects ( art correspond to ! pr$om9ance ( t modality :i* ,dels>te calls life2 ?is ) ! complem5t>y %>e ( ! o!r ess5tials to ma9ta9 a symmetry2 ?is = ! av]age *os54 ,z to ! individuality necess>y = ! creation ( a role1 g5]al /atem5ts _c apply4 ,x is "o & entire = ea*4 ,%\ld x reproduce itself id5tically1 x w\ld no long] be individual4 ,! /r5g? ( a p[]ful individuality lies 9 ! revelation ( a type sui g5]is4 ,?us ,dels>te c nev] be reproduc$4 ,if by an impossibility an arti/ hav+ se5 him1 & be+ p5etrat$ by 8 me?od1 c\ld assimilate ! sum total ( 8 acquir$ qualities & 8 inmo/ purposes1 /ill he c\ld be b a copy1 h[ev] p]fect1 s9ce p]sonality _c be transmitt$4 ,i c\ld n pursue ! demon/ration ( ! application ( ! laws ( ! human organism to ! g5]ality ( ! lib]al arts )\t meet+ an objection :i* we w consid] j "h4 ,"s "o says3 ,if ! law ( art is ! same z t ( ! human con/itution1 :at ne$ t ,dels>te tea* t law--w x n suffice = ea* arti/-nature to /udy himself 9 ord] to det]m9e satisfactory means ( transmitt+ 7to spectators1 audi5ces or read]s7 ! ?\ghts1 passions or emotions :i* he w\ld reveal1 ei!r by 8 p51 8 *isel1 8 bru%1 or by ! fictiti\s p]sonages :i* he inc>nates8 ,i answ]1 ,no6 ,! expression ( nature by ge/ure1 face1 or voice w n come to ! arti/ by inspiration nor by reflection1 especially 9 extreme situations4 ,he may *ance ^u agreeable effects1 & ev5 mov+ expressions1 b r>ely does a j & tell+ expression ( t :i* he w\ld express result f m]e *ance4 ,cau/ic tru? or knack--m vulg>ly1 *eek--comes ( influ5ce outside ( "o's self4 ,^u "o occasion ,madame ,pa/a 0 he>d to say3 ,i w\ld be z t\*+ z t *ild 9 h] te>s4 ,i %\ld1 inde$1 be a great arti/ if ,i c\ld imitate h]4 ,r>e1 inde$1 are ! arti/s :o "k h[ to weep4 ,! sublimity ( art responds to nature's simple/ impulses4 ,by ! /udy & "w ( ,dels>te a sci5ce has be5 creat$1 e fleet+ sign ( emotion has be5 fix$1 & may be reproduc$ at w2 & ?is = ! in/ruction ( ! arti/ :o may nev] h obs]v$ !m 9 ano!r1 nor himself felt ! impressions :i* give rise to !m4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,lit]ature4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to /ate t ! pr$om9ance ( "o ( ! primordial faculties 9 ! actor w\ld necess>ily diff] f t 9 ! au?or ( ! drama or op]a :i* he w\ld int]pret4 ,lit]>y capability presupposes m or less ( philosophical aptitude & a pr$om9ance ( ! intellectual faculties1 & ?is n to ! exclusion ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( arti/ic & moral developm5t 9 ! truly great writ]s4 ,x is 9 ! field ( lit]ature especially1 t man atta9s to a creation2 & :e!r 8 object be a fell[-creature or an ext5d$ & enl>g$ ideal1--9 ei!r & any case facts h furni%$ repeat$ & inconte/able evid5ce1 9 support ( ! /atem5t ( ,dels>te1 t art is always defective unless x be ! product ( ! ?ree ess5tial modalities ( be+1 act+ 9 _! relative proportions4 ,?is /atem5t is n to be conte/$2 b "h aga9 ^! relations w\ld v>y among ! writ]s ^u sci5ce1 e?ics & poetry4 ,! epic1 mo/ syn!tic ( lit]>y productions1 is no long] 9 fa%ion1 because1 p]haps1 ( ! gr[+ r>ity ( h]oes4 ,on ! contr>y1 simplisme is n[ de=m+ ! greate/ g]ms 9 ! drama & romance4 ,! weakness (t5 lies 9 ! morality ( ! production1 or r 9 its lack ( morality1 (t5 s lack+ t ! au?or s9ks to ! level ( produc+ repulsive works & cynical pictures4 ,9 view also ( man's ess5tial faculties1 b f ano!r po9t ( view1 ,/4-,simonianism class$ m5 z s*ol>s1 arti/s & artisans4 ,!n 7 add$ ! prie/s ( a new ord] ^: nature1 m p]fectly balanc$1 0 to furni% ! model type ( future humanity4 ,?is classification _h br\ght ?9k+ p to ! consid]ation & criticism ( a sy/em isolat+ & conc5trat+ all developm5t ^u "o or ano!r ( ! faculties4 ,x 0 readily se5 t ?us s5tim5t w\ld ru% to folly2 s5sibility )\t a corrective w\ld soon become weakness2 unbalanc$ indu/ry w\ld lead to disreg>d ( heal? & /r5g?1 :ile ! triviality ( ! s5sual nature1 unre/ra9$ by m5tal or moral activity1 w\ld soon fall into hopeless degradation4 ,h]e9 0 simplisme mo/ bitt]ly condemn$4 ,dels>te1 ev] /udy+ relations betwe5 co9cid5ces 9 art & ! revelations ( nature1 arrang$ a typical demon/ration1 z +5i\s z logical1 ( ! action & play ( oppos+ faculties4 ,by mo/ wond]ful pantomime he %[$ a man tempt$ to s92 !n1 t\*$ by pity = ! victim ( 8 desire1 at la/ trans=m$ by ! int]v5tion ( ! moral s5se1 he came by sl[ gradations to mo/ elevat$ s5tim5ts4 ,"o saw cle>ly ! c\rage ( resi/ance & triumph 9 ! sacrifice4 ,!n1 tak+ an inv]se progression1 he slid f ?is height to ! opposite extreme ( culpable resolutions4 ,dels>te 0 ! au?or ( ?is mute sc5e :i* conta9s ! elem5ts ( a drama4 ,! contemplation ( ?is wond]ful effect leads to ! conviction ( ! great value to lit]ature ( ! fundam5tal law1 :i* may be appli$ to any & all lit]ature1 z a p]man5t crit]ion by :i* productions may be classifi$ & judg$1 9 _! dep>ture f ! simpli/e =m & approa* to a conception 9 :i* ! con/itu5t modalities ( be+ act 9 h>moni\s accord4 ,"h1 aga91 we h a fre% di/9ction betwe5 sci5tific & e?ical lit]ature1 & t :i* may be t]m$ ! lit]ature ( art4 ,to ?is latt] class belong romances1 dramatic productions & poems--works made up ( %ades ( mean+ & j proportions1 :i* %\ld be bas$ on cle> & s\nd philosophy1 prud5tly disguis$ b indisputable & imp]i%able4 ,"h is place = ! grace ( an agreeable wit & ! elegant flexibility ( a fruitful p54 ,m imp]ative ?an 9 any o!r class ( writ+ is ! dem& = individual t\* & t h>mony ( con/ruction dep5d+ ^u ! proportionate relations ( ^? elem5ts ( ae/hetics1--! ,true1 ! ,good1 & ! ,beautiful4 ,?us1 ?r\gh ae/hetics1 x is elevat$4 ,to ?is lit]ature ( art belong ! sonnet ( ,arv]s1 & ,! ,s\l1 by ,sully-,prudhomme4 ,musset1 9 8 grace or pa?os1 is n inf]ior to ,victor ,hugo4 ,!re are1 ev5 9 8 faults1 c]ta9 effective boldnesses to :i* ! au?or ( ,notre ,dame de ,p>is _c aspire4 ,:5ce1 !n1 comes ! imm5se di/ance betwe5 ^! poets8 ,x lies 9 ! fact t ,victor ,hugo1 :ile he is a f9i%$ arti/1 %[s himself also a ?9k]1 philosoph]1 man ( sci5ce & erudition4 ,end[$ ) a pr(\nd humanit>ian feel+1 he is preoccupi$ ) ! evils ( society1 ) its rights1 its mi/akes1 its t5d5cies & ) _! amelioration2 :ile ! poet ( ,jacques ,rolla--a ref9$ s5suali/--devotes 8 v]se to ! unbridl+ ( ! torm5ts ( imag9ation 9 delirium1 to ! agitations ( he>ts :i* h place only = love4 ,if comp>ison be made betwe5 noveli/s & dramati/s ( div]se s*ools1 :y has n ,m4 ,zola1 :o 9 s _m reg>ds %\ld be consid]$ a ma/]1 atta9$ ! heights ( em95ce ^u :i* are enroll$ ! names ( ,%akespe>e1 ,moli]e1 ,corneille1 ,s*ill]1 ,madame de ,/ael1 & ,george ,s&8 ,x is because ,m4 ,zola1 pr(\nd analy/ & *>m+ n>rator1 ev5 m =cibly ?an ,musset breaks ! ae/hetic syn!sis by ! abs5ce ( morality 9 8 writ+s4 ,8 fatalism arre/s ! flight ( t :i* w\ld be great2 he corrupts 9 ! g]m wond]ful creative p[]s6 ,m4 ,zola's great lack lies 9 8 consid]+ 9 man 8 physical nature only4 ,betwe5 m9d & matt] he holds a magnify+ lant]n full ^u ! l[e/ molecules1 & rejects disda9fully ! initiat+ atom t ,leibnitz has signaliz$ z ! c5tre ( life4 ,m4 ,zola has creat$ a dete/able s*ool :i* already slides into ! mire b5ea? ! weight ( ! crimes :i* x excites & ! disgu/ :i* x ar\ses4 ,%\ld we blame ,zola & 8 disciples = ! dang] & ! impot5ce ( ?is me?od8 ,%\ld we n impute ! wrong 9 great] measure to philosophical naturalism8 ,9 consid]+ mat]ialism & naturalism let u n lose sight ( ! fact t :ile mat]ialism is simpli/e1 naturalism 79 s mu* z x repres5ts nature7 is ess5tially compreh5sive & necess>ily syn!tic2 h>mony ( =ce & matt] be+ an inv>iable requisite ( life4 ,realism1 ano!r t]m /rangely compromis$1 seems to proclaim itself "u ! bann] ( mat]ialism1 :ile ! ,real1 imply+ ! idea ( ! ,true1 _c be conta9$ 9 simplisme4 ,x is a mo/ p]nici\s evil t writ]s1 call+ !mselves reali/ic1 /ill conc5trate _! tal5t ^u ! pa9t+ ( vici\s types & *>act]s drawn 9 an inf]nal cycle ( repulsive morals4 ,man is ! object ( art4 ,nev] c\ld ! words ( ! ma/] m appropriately int]pose ?an be=e ! encroa*m5ts ( lit]>y simplisme4 ,! man ( :om ,dels>te speaks is n conf9$ to su* or su* a category ( ! species4 ,he proposes t ae/hetics %\ld int]pret an all-compreh5sive human nature1 :i* is n made up alone ( bas5ess1 egotism & duplicity4 ,?\gh x be subject to p]v]sion1 x has its lum9\s aspects1 its radiant sides1 & we %\ld n too long turn our eyes f !m4 ,arti/ically1 evil or ! ,hide\s 7:i* is also evil7 %\ld nev] be us$ except z a foil4 ,!re is no immorality 9 exhibit+ ! prevail+ vices ( ! epo*1 b ?is is ! physician's duty4 ,! evil lies 9 pres5t+ ^! evils "u su* =ms z may lead _m to enjoy or tol]ate !m1 giv+ !m ! additional p[] ( a *>m+ /yle & ! speci\s argum5ts ( fatality4 ,?is is precisely ! case ( ,m4 ,zola4 ,! glamor ( 8 di/urb+ !ory1 :i* annihilates free w1 gives to 8 works a philosophical appe>ance4 ,he conceals its vacuity b5ea? =ms ( a highly-color$ /yle1 an amiable neglig5ce & a facility t is b5umb+ to ?\ght4 ,z he ass]ts no?+1 no "o dreams ( contradict+1 & "o f9ds himself entw9$ 9 a network ( repulsive depravity )\t a ray ( heal?ful protection or correction4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! blight ( ?is disa/r\s sy/em ( fatality1 ! co>s5ess ( ! writ]'s language1 s l\dly c5sur$1 is relatively unimportant4 ,! simplisme ( ,m4 ,zola is n absolute1 z b "o ( ! ?ree con/itu5t modalities is omitt$1 t "o be+ morality4 ,! lack is1 h[ev]1 no less fatal1 inasmu* z ! void produc$ by ! abs5ce ( "o ( ! noble/ faculties ( human activity mu/ usually be fill$ by di/urb+ =ces4 ,i h he>d ! !ory1 art = art1 support$ by m5 o!rwise v enlight5$4 ,an arti/ic production ne$ n conta9 a moral treatise1 !y say1 & ?is is q true1 provid$ ! arti/ be a quick obs]v]1 possess+ tal5t suffici5t to h&le 8 subject h>moni\sly4 ,vice c>ries its own /igma1 & pure beauty surr\nds itself ) light4 ,! au?or %\ld be able readily to di/+ui% ! "o z well z ! o!r1 & 8 precepts %\ld come z ! h>moni\s result ( 8 exp]i5ce4 ,b su* a "w1 at ! m]cy ( an ill-balanc$ bra9 & unheal?ful temp]am5t1 mu/ yield bad fruit4 ,tal5t )\t broad & true k ( reality1 or t :i* is1 in/ead ( be+ inv5t$1 is incomplete 9 its work+s & results4 ,its creations resemble ! light ( ! foot-lamp1 ( fireworks1 ( ! prodigies ( our mod]n pyrote*ni/s--pleas+ = a "t1 dazzl+1 captivat+1 intoxicat+6 ,b lo/ 9 ! life-giv+ beauty ( a summ]'s night or a glori\s sunset1 we are tempt$ to cry out ) ! poet1-- ,no?+ is beautiful b ! ,true4 ,:at c be said ( ! o!r simplisme :i*1 9 its se>* = ! ,true1 ignores ! ,beautiful :ile x disreg>ds ! ,good8 ,aga91 its p>tisans seek arti/ic tru? 9 its v wor/ conditions4 ,:y pa9t 9 full sun%9e1 if ! int5se light oblit]ates details & confuses ! %ad[s8 ,does x seem a difficulty conqu]$8 ,x is f> (t5] a disguis$ insuffici5cy4 ,if my ref]5ce to pa9t+ seem premature1 x is because ,i wi%$ to borr[ an image to %[ h[ equally griev\s 0 ! faulty t\* ( _m ( our writ]s ( r5[n4 ,_m among !m seem /riv+ to propagate ! culture ( ! ,m$iocre & ,unseemly1 z a ?\s&fold easi] practice ?an ! religion ( ! ,beautiful4 ,my pres5t aim is to %[ cle>ly ! influ5ce ( ev5 incomplete simplisme1 9 c]ta9 p]nici\s effects ^u lit]ature4 ,edg> ,a4 ,poe ent]$ ! realm ( ! fanciful aft] ,h(fman1 & h[ is x t ! initiator is less dang]\s ?an 8 disciple8 ,x is because ( ^! two simpli/es1 :o h put reason out ( consid]ation1 ! fir/ address$ himself only to ! imag9ation1 :ile ! ,am]ican poet s\nd$ ! emotions to dep?s :]e t]ror is awak5$ & madness beg9s to /+4 ,h(fman has p]haps ^u 8 consci5ce "s read]s conf9$ 9 asylums = ! d]ang$1 b ! f> m p]il\s halluc9ations ( ,poe mu/ acc\nt = great] h>m4 ,! di/ance is great betwe5 imag9ation & s5tim5t1 & %\ld be s reg>d$4 ,?is extravagance %\ld surely n be all[$ to usurp ! place ( morality1 b ?is is :at is done1 & greatness is n = !m4 ,ano!r illu/ration lies 9 ! transition int]m$iate betwe5 ! romances ( ,balzac1 ,fr$]ic ,s\lie1 ,emile ,s\ve/re1 & ,eug5e ,sue1 & ! poetry ( ,victor ,hugo1 ,lam>t9e1 ,b]ang]1 ,b>bi] & ! impressionali/ s*ool ^: decl9e is already at h&4 ,( _m names1 :i* h acquir$ notoriety1 ,i select ! two :i* af=d ! be/ contra/1--,*>les ,baudelaire & ,jules de la ,madel5e4 ,! fir/1 among o!r ecc5tric works1 has left u ,! ,blossoms ( ,evil4 ,9 ! ideas :i* x embraces x is ! successful production ( an imag9ation misl$ & 9 di/ress2 a pa?ological exp]i5ce probably prompt$ ! conception4 ,9 x "o reads beautiful v]se ( s*ol>ly con/ruction1 & readily p]ceives an individuality & orig9ality ( ?\ght & expression2 b no "o w\ld pr$ict or desire t ?is production %\ld pass to po/]ity4 ,le ,m>quis des ,saffras1 by ,jules de la ,madel5e1 on ! contr>y1 gratifies bo? judgm5t & feel+4 ,x is a spirit$ pa9t+1 acute & pr(\nd1 z well z true1 ( human life1 especially ( prov9cial life4 ,! human be+ is reveal$ 9 all 8 aspects4 ,?\gh ! au?or disguises nei!r errors nor weaknesses1 he pres5ts cle>ly ! r$eem+ side--! simple mann]s & ! humble devotion ( s9c]e he>ts4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! reason :y1 su/a9$ by a /yle ri* 9 grace & /r5g?1 full ( ! brea? ( poetry :i* is felt r ?an describ$1 ,le ,m>quis des ,saffras holds its place z an inconte/able ma/]piece 9 ! *oice libr>ies t pres]ve ! r5[n ( great writ]s4 ,a m c>eful exam9ation ( ! doctr9e ( ,dels>te--,! necessity ( ! concurr5ce ( ! "m modalities ( ! human organism to fulfil ! conditions ( ae/hetics--b =ces ! conviction t disreg>d ( ?is requirem5t r5d]s all /]ile & incomplete1 if n mon/r\s4 ,is ?is equival5t to say+ t ! d$uctions f ! law ( ,dels>te t5d to condemn 9 ,fr5* lit]ature its simple gaiety1 its graceful lightness1 & to efface ?is /amp ( ! race t our ance/ors h surely impr9t$8 ,9 works ( ! imag9ation ! omission ( moral mean+ is (t5 m seem+ ?an real1 & e good read] %\ld be able to recognize ?is4 ,h[ev]1 ?is neglig5t seem+ is f> less hurtful ?an brilliant wit conceal+ crudities & modify+ boldnesses4 ,writ]s ( ?is class d n lose sight ( ! fact t1 :ile ! ,fr5* "* has its audacities 7contr>y to ! modifications ( ae/hetics71 our language possesses a prov]bial *a/ity1 :i*1 ev5 9 its f>!/ w&]+s1 g5ius compreh5ds & respects4 ,tact & ta/e suffice to him :o consults !m to escape grossness ( language4 ,! delicacy ( ! allusions leaves _! images 9 a transp>5t mi/2 ! v ela/icity ( ! equivocation furni%es a refuge = ! ?\ght :i* x disquiets4 ,by art "s mo/ delicate subjects1 v ne>ly approa*+ lic5se1 h be5 p>don$4 ,we w\ld surely exhibit a tyrannical & morose humor to condemn to be burn$ en place de ,greve1 by ! h& ( ! execution]1 ! romances ( ,manon ,lescaut1 & ,daphnis & ,*loe by ,longus1 z !y h be5 transmitt$ to u by ,paul ,l\is ,c\ri]4 ,b :5 lit]ature1 reali/ic or mat]iali/ic 7or :atev] !y please to call x71 free+ itself f moral accompanim5t1 %[s itself negative or weak 9 its creations2 if x be simpli/e to ! po9t ( appeal+ exclusively to ! s5ses1 limit+ its means ( action to ! developm5t ( ! egoti/ic & in/9ctive side ( ! human passions1--its works h no long] "r ( consid]ation 9 ae/hetics4 ,! consid]ation ( ! physical be+ %\ld surely figure 9 all repres5tations ( life1 b x is n necess>y t f a subord9ate consid]ation x %\ld ev] be made all-gov]n+4 ,! body1 ! ess5tial "p ( our p]sonality1 is ! companion ( our high] faculties4 ,we %\ld be m9dful ( x1 mak+ x z beautiful z possible1 b giv+ x ! re9s w\ld be ev5 worse ?an giv+ p[] absolute to ! imag9ation4 ,once m1 impressionalism1 )\t ! control ( sci5ce & ( reason1 has no?+ to claim 9 ! sph]es ( ! ,true1 ! ,good1 ! ,beautiful4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,ar*itecture4 ,! productions ( ar*itecture1 l ^? ( lit]ature1 h _! orig9 9 ! realm ( ?\ght4 ,ar*itecture is n1 l ! dramatic art1 9 subjection to ! p]son ( ! arti/4 ,x is "o ( ! pla/ic arts1 & ( !m ! mo/ syn!tic by reason ( ! numb] ( ag5ts concurr+ 9 its h>mony4 ,its dep5d5ce ^u =m is ak9 to t ( sculpture1 :ile ! value ( color 9 its effects is only less ?an 9 ! art ( ! pa9t]4 ,?is art1 ess5tially compreh5sive1 dem&s ( its ma/]s v>i$ k & t p[] ( coo]d9ation :i*1 accord+ to ! le>n$ philosoph] ,anto9e ,cros1 is ! highe/ function ( ! human intellect4 ,! relation ( ae/hetics to ! totality ( ! faculties is "h m evid5t ?an ev]4 ,aft] ! manife/ation ( m9d 9 ! composition ( ! plan1 ! ar*itect's next duty is to please ! eye4 ,to ?is end he employs m>ble1 /one1 wood1 bronze or gold1 & ! result is t elem5t ( ! symphony :i* responds to s5sation4 ,! ?ird & only rema9+ elem5t ( ! tr9ity is s5tim5t4 ,9 ord] t1 ris+ above its utilit>ian purpose1 appropriat5ess & ma!matical rules ( /ability1 ! ar*itect may fulfil ! requisition ( ae/hetics & arrive at ! ,gr& ,art1 ! rema9+ elem5t z well z ! o!r two mu/ be p]fect$ 9 result4 ,! p]fection ( ?is elem5t ( s5tim5t is %[n 9 ! "w by ! impression ( gr&eur or elegance1 ( grace1 sev]ity or delicacy4 ,! triple necessity ?us fill$1 ! result is truly a "w ( art4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,sculpture4 ,! relation ( ,dels>te's sy/em to sculpture has already be5 allud$ to4 ,its application "h lies pr9cipally 9 ! realm ( =m4 ,! sculptor aims to reproduce f9e/ proportions ( face & figure4 ,he delights 9 a beautiful cont\r &1 z ,m5gs has said1 9 l9es undulat+ & s]p5t9e1 :ile he /udi\sly avoids all simple /raight l9es4 ,! m limit$ range ( outlook dem&s m /udi$ beauties & m significant expressions4 ,! /atue--unlike ! monum5t1 :i* at once ar\ses spontane\s emotions 9 ! spectator--%\ld express ! human be+1 8 s5sations1 8 affections1 8 passions & /ruggles1 & %\ld ar\se an en?usiasm ( admiration :ile x awak5s sympa!tic e*oes 9 ! he>t ( ! obs]v]4 ,"h m /rik+ly ?an ev] mu/ we recognize ,man ! object ( art4 ,9 ! light ( ?is tru? we %\ld dem& ( sculpture ! manife/ation ( ! human life ) its con/itu5t faculties1 n 9 a p]fectly equal accord :i* is nev] met 9 nature1 b ) su* pr$om9ance z ! subject pres5ts4 ,9 ,greek art ! pr$om9ance is ( ! physical aspect4 ,!y _h be=e !m exquisite models ( pla/ic beauty2 n ! s5sual beauty :i* is fle%ly1 b a pla/ic beauty consi/+ ( h>mony ( l9e & =m4 ,let u fur!r consid] ?is diff]5ce z %[n 9 comp>ison ( ! ,apollo & ! ,bac*us4 ,! ,apollo satisfies alike ! intellect & ! eye by its beautiful outl9es4 ,we are n yet ready to discuss beauty ( expression4 ,! ,bac*us less ideal & m humanly natural _c s satisfy a highly ae/hetic temp]am5t4 ,9 nei!r "w is !re mu* ( s5tim5t express$4 ,! di/9ctively moral side plays a second>y "p1 unless we consid] beauty itself a moral factor1--a !ory t may be su/a9$4 ,9 nei!r beautiful m>ble is !re reveal$ any s5sual dom9ance1 ?\gh ! ,bac*us1 not)/&+ its pla/ic sup]iority1 r incl9es t way4 ,! ,apollo has be5 l\dly extoll$ = ! pride ( its attitude & its div9e calm 9 ! enc\nt] ) ! s]p5t ,py?on2 & /ill x is said t a god c\ld n h cause = s great pride 9 ! conque/ ( a reptile4 ,b ! art-critics h exagg]at$ ! import ( ! figure1 :i* is wond]fully beautiful )\t be+ accurately expressive4 ,! civilization ( ! new era has develop$ 9 man moral & physical qualities1 :i* furni% new expressions by :i* ! arti/ may set =? t "p ( human life :i* ,dels>te call$ ! translum9\s obscurities ( our inmo/ organism4 ,dat+ f ?is epo* we f9d 9 sculpture less ( pla/ic beauty & m spiritual & t\*+ expression4 ,:o w\ld comp>e ! pa?os ( ! ,laocoon to t ( ,canova's ,magdal58 ,! sculptor ,m>cello 7,mme4 de ,ca/iglione71 too e>ly remov$ f an arti/ic c>e]1 exhibit$ c]ta9 creations :i* illu/rate ?is diff]5ce4 ,among !m is a bu/1 9 m>ble1 ( an ,arab *ief1 :i* is aft] ! /yle ( ! antique1 beautiful l9es1 )\t expression 7a pr$om9ance ( ! physical elem5t74 ,9 h] ,we>y ,bac*ante %e %[s beauty t>ni%$ by vice1 & "h ! pr$om9ant expression is s5sual4 ,b 9 h] ,m>ie ,anto9ette 9 ! ,temple ,prison1 z 9 ,m]cie's ,david & ! ,dy+ ,napoleon1 x is n ! m>vel\s beauty :i* entrances u1 b fir/ & above ?is reigns ! p[] ( expression4 ,s5tim5t is become pr$om9ant4 ,9 ! ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 :at bitt] disappo9tm5t6 ,9 ! ,napoleon1 :at disillusion ) ! toys ( ! _w 9 :i* he _h reign$6 ,9 ! ,david--,biblical subject treat$ by a mod]n *isel--:at /range impressions & reflections are sugge/$ by t tranquil head & ! wond]ful frailty ( ! body6 h[ orig9al ! conception ( ! figure1 & ! :ole a tribute to ! high p]sonality ( ! arti/6 ,m]cie %[s n only ! "w accompli%$1 b 9 ?is are glimpses ( promise ( greatness to come :i* s]ve z m valuable pro( ( greatness ?an ! ma/]piece complet$4 ,?is leads me to a reflection already (t5 allud$ to1 b :i* ,i w\ld keep ev] be=e y z ! f\ndation ( my argum5t3 ,man is ! object ( art4 ,he is also ! art-produc]1 & consid]+ relatively ! two t]ms ( ! proposition1 ! manife/ations ( ! faculties are n necess>ily adequate betwe5 ! produc] & ! production4 ,i w expla94 ,! be/ conditions "u :i* an excell5t "w ( art %\ld be produc$ are und\bt$ly ! foll[+3 ,! conceiv] possesses 9 ! highe/ possible degree ( developm5t ! modalities ( be+ ess5tial to ! k9d ( creation und]tak51 & ^! 9 _! mo/ p]fect h>mony2 b ?is p]fection ( int5sity & ( ! relations ( ! elem5ts ( ! concept by no means necessitates ! arti/'s =mation ( types at once morally1 intellectually & physically arti/ic4 ,?is dep5ds ^u ! tru? ( 8 subject4 ,t he embelli% x1 :atev] x may be1 by 8 arti/ic int]pretation & execution1 is all t we %\ld expect4 ,9 ! new manife/ation :i* we n[ consid]1 :]e expression ( s5tim5t is giv5 pr$om9ance1 ! arti/1 int]pret] ( ! passions1 s5tim5ts1 weaknesses & vices z well z ( ! virtues & sympa?ies ( humanity1 mu/1 9 ord] to int]e/ or *a/51 %[ to x its own image1 :i* reflection w be mo/ frequ5tly n an ideal ( p]fection b a type ( suff]+ & vice1 ( weakness & depravity4 ,a "w w be successful 9 proportion z ! *isel %all be mo/ indefatigable 9 putt+ 9 relief ! virtue or ! vice :i* *>act]izes ! subject4 ,! greate/ arti/ %all be he :o r5d]s mo/ /rik+ ! *>act]i/ic pr$om9ance1 :atev] x may be1 ( ! type creat$ or int]pret$4 ,to sum up3 ,art is proportional to ! faculties ( ! arti/1 & ! "w is ! result ( an application ( ^! faculties to "s special manife/ation ( ! human ego4 ,impressionalism1 z 9 ! o!r arts1 %\ld be consid]$ 9 two aspects3 ! impression ( ! arti/ & t ( ! public or obs]v]4 ,! "q !n arises1 :at k9d ( a public %\ld be impress$ t ! arti/ may m]it a place 9 ! high] ranks ( ae/hetics8 ,:ile we h recogniz$ t judgm5ts 9 que/ions ( art are ! result ( a c]ta9 sympa?y exi/+ betwe5 arti/ & obs]v]1 we h decid$ also t 9 consid]+ su* a "q1 all obs]v]s _c be consid]$ equal4 ,9 sculpture z 9 lit]ature1 :]e appreciators are possibly m num]\s1 we mu/ admit t k & capability or ev5 s9c]ity are r>ely ( any weight 9 ! balance ( ! gr& juries ( hi/ory or 9 ! v]dicts ( contempor>ies4 ,! ignorant multitude sanction ! grosse/ works because ^! only come )9 _! und]/&+4 ,enc\rag$ by ! applause ( numb]s & by ! lack ( re/ra9t :i* w9s applause1 arti/s desc5d ! r\nds ( ! ladd] ( progress :i* /ep by /ep has m>k$ ! asc5t ( ! great s*ools & ! great ma/]s1 & ! result inevitably mu/ be ! return to m]e sket*es 9 sculpture1 & pa9t+ w dim9i% to imag]y4 ,?is end is quickly & readily rea*$1 s easy & s fatal is ! desc5t 9 ^! pa?s ( decad5ce4 ,all /yles are good except ! t$i\s1 a well-kn[n critic has said4 ,pursu+ ! import ( ?is ?\ght1 we are l$ to ! spe$y conclusion t ! null %\ld nev] ent] into competition4 ,no?+ bett] ?an t ! condition ( priority %\ld exi/ betwe5 div]se /yles & opposite s*ools2 b :y /rive to in/itute comp>ison betwe5 a syn!tic idea & ! abs5ce ( syn!sis & idea1 betwe5 c]ta9 proportions & h>mony & ! abs5ce ( proportion & h>mony1 betwe5 a /yle & ! abs5ce ( /yle8 ,:atev] ! subject & :atev] ! mode ( treat+ x1 ! intellig5ce ( ! arti/ %\ld always be visible 9 8 "w4 ,i am m & m ?or\ghly conv9c$ t ! !ory ( ,dels>te1 fatal to simplisme1 is ! true !ory ( art4 ,:at c be m simpli/e ?an impressionalism :5 view$ z a s*ool8 ,x consid]s no law or sci5ce1 disreg>ds entirely analysis & logic1 ! ,good & ! ,beautiful2 x is giv5 ov] to s5sation2 vague impressions :i* are1 :atev] may be said to ! contr>y1 only ! inf]ior "p ( man's faculties1 indisp5sable surely1 b t :i* we h 9 common ) ! animals & little *ildr52 v int]e/+ to obs]ve among animals1 a *>m+ grace 9 *ildr51 b a mo/ unimportant factor 9 adult exi/5ce1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! arti/'s life1 unless x be gov]n$ by ! intellect & subject to ! sanction ( feel+4 ,application ( ! ,law to ,pa9t+4 ,if any art %\ld be giv5 ov] to impressionalism x seems z if x %\ld be pa9t+4 ,to see & to transmit :at is se51--is n ?is ! true (fice ( ! pa9t]1 8 und\bt$ mission8 ,yes1 on condition t ! arti/ has ! requisites = see+ correctly6 ,& if he rises to composition1 he mu/ also be end[$ ) a creative intellect1 ) a portion ( t m5tal p[] :i* w p]mit him to embrace a conception syn!tically1 & to coo]d9ate its p>ts4 ,among ! impressionali/s ( our "t1 !re are assur$ly pa9t]s ( tal5t2 b :at tal5t !y possess is1 z x 71 aga9/ _! w3 ! influ5ce ( tradition1 ! weight ( ! m$ium 9 :i* !y live unconsci\sly re/ra9 !m4 ,!n1 x mu/ be confess$1 ?is impressionability ( ! arti/ has its intr9sic m]its1 if x is kept to its place & degree2 b x mu/ be reg>d$ z c]ta91 t if ! simpli/e arti/ makes himself di/9ct 9 8 "w1 x is because he conta9s )9 himself m ( ! requisites = :at he und]takes1 & because1 )\t 8 hav+ summon$ !m1 ! faculties ( ! und]/&+ & ! ae/hetic s5se h come to 8 aid4 ,if ,dels>te admitt$ ! precept t ev]y?+ is p]ceiv$ 9 ! mann] ( ! p]ceiv]1 he1 ( c\rse1 did n admit t e p]ceiv] %\ld make 8 own law3 8 conception ( ! ae/hetic trilogy w\ld nev] h p]mitt$ him to op5 ?is ,babel = ! vanity ( ignorance4 ,to f9i% ) simplisme or naturalism1 let u say t1 c>ri$ to its utmo/ extreme1 x becomes a fix$ idea1 a monomania2 has n impressionalism atta9$ to ?is ev5 9 ! *oice ( colors8 ,x has be5 said ( c]ta9 pa9t]s t !y _h only to upset _! palette on ! canvas to compose _! pictures6 ,yet ?is v>icolor$ *aos is n ! *>act]i/ic ( ! s*ool ,on ! contr>y1 c]ta9 favorite colors prevail2 d n gre5 & violet rule almo/ exclusively 9 "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ pictures f impressionali/ bru%es8 ,!re are mom5ts :5 we ask :e!r ! impressionali/s & _! adh]5ts are n obey+ an impulse to contradict r ?an a s]i\s conviction4 ,9 ei!r case1 x is "t = _m ( !m to furni% pro(s--t is to say1 works1--9 lack ( ! reasons :i* !y h n ev5 (f]$4 ,aft] ?is digression1 =c$ ^u me by rec5t s*ola/ic qu>rels1 let u return to ,dels>te4 ,i h giv5 ! reasons = 8 doctr9e 9 o!r *apt]s2 ?is doctr9e w ga9 /r5g? :5 ,i %[ :at ,i h ga!r$ f 8 sci5ce1 s9ce sci5ce & law mutually te/ify = ea* o!r2 s9ce all art1 acquir+ fre% vigor f its s\rce1 law1 & enlight5$ by ! aid ( ^! same =mulae1 mu/ be> ! impress ( tru?1 beauty & goodness4 ,ev5 :]e color occupies 9 pa9t+ ! place attribut$ to outl9e 9 sculpture1 !re are 9 ^! two manife/ations ( m5tal images--& 9 spite ( ! syn!tism peculi> to pa9t+1--/rik+ similitudes4 ,z reg>ds physical manife/ations1 bo? ^! arts %\ld seek tru?--:i* does n mean lit]al exactness1--& all t has be5 said ( simplisme1 9 reg>d to sculpture1 is p]fectly applicable to t "p ( pa9t+ :i* treats ( ! human figure4 ,sci5ce & law lay d[n ! same rules = bo?1--save = ! diff]+ modes ( execution4 ,x is ano!r matt] :5 x is a "q ( repres5t+ nature z a :ole1 & "u less limit$ =ms3 seas1 m\nta9s1 ! atmosph]e & broad pla9s--l&scapes ( va/ ext5t1--subjects =bidd5 to sculpture ev5 m exclusively ?an simple compositions ( sev]al figures1 :i* are seldom successful 9 sculpture4 ,= if sculpture sometimes makes a gr\p1 if x is us$ to decorate monum5ts & tombs1 x (f]s no?+ analog\s to ^? magnific5t phases ( nature :i* we f9d on ! canvases ( ! great ma/]s4 ,dels>te1 :o f ! laws ( mimetics d$uc$ = pa9t]s means ( express+ correctly e impression & emotion :i* man c feel1 taught no?+ 9 reg>d to ?is special field ( ! l&scape arti/1 :o is n subject to ! conditions ( ! actor1 sculptor or orator4 ,b1 if ?is aspect ( art--save 9 cases :]e figures are introduc$--does n come "u ! head ( c]ta9 /atem5ts ( our sci5ce1 n hav+ to imitate attitude1 ge/ure or voice--9 a ^w1 any?+ proce$+ f ! human organism1--x is1 p]haps m closely ?an else:]e1 alli$ to ! innovator's law3 to t law :i* prompts ! arti/ to respond to ! psy*ical aspirations ( 8 fell[m51 & dem&s t 9 satisfy+ ! s5ses1 he %\ld also ar\se or inspire ! ?\ght & feel+ ( beauty4 ,?us ! pa9t] ( nature1 z mu* ( a reality z man1 b a reality 9 its own way1 if he desires to make nature und]/ood & lov$1 mu/ give x ! /amp ( 8 own ideas1 8 own feel+s1 8 own impressions4 ,:y %\ld ,i c>e to be %[n trees & wat]s1 valleys & m\nta9s1 if ! tree does n tell me ( ! coolness ( its %ade1 if ! wat] does n reveal ! peace ( ! deep lake1 if ,i _c div9e ! rippl+ ( ! brook1 if ! valley does n make me long to plunge into its dep?s6 ,:y recall to me ! m\nta91 if its curves d n r\se 9 my m9d any ideas ( grace1 elegance & maje/y1--if its peaks d n make me dream ( ! ,inf9ite6 ,h[ev] skilful ! arti/ may be 9 ! reproduction ( =m & ! h&l+ ( color1 he w always be f> inf]ior to nature if 8 s\l has nev] he>d ! inn] murmur ( all ^? my/]ies ( ! s5sitive1 & ,i w v5ture to say1 spiritual life1 conta9$ 9 =e/s1 wat]falls & rav9es4 ,lack+ ?is initiation1 he w play ! cold & flavorless "p ( "o :o tells a twice-told tale2 = x is 9 l&scape especially1 t tal5t consi/s 9 reveal+ ! pa9t]'s own feel+4 ,! *>m ( ?+s felt is n produc$ m]ely by a gr& way ( look+ at ?+s3 ! m9d1 ! s\l1 occupy b little space2 b :]e !y figure1 ! canvas is well fill$1 & ! bru% betrays _! pres5ce4 ,i rememb]1 9 support ( my !sis1 t at "o ( ! annual expositions at ! ,salon--:i* !n repres5t$ ! ari/ocracy ( pa9t+1--!re 0 a t9y picture3 a hut half hidd5 9 moss & fl[]s4 ,x 0 almo/ lo/ among ! portraits ( di/+ui%$ p]sonages1 ! hi/oric incid5ts1 ! sc5es tak5 f fa%ionable life1 & almo/ dr[n$ 9 ! bloody reflections f ! va/ display ( battle pictures1 :i*1 z 0 !n ! cu/om1 monopoliz$ half ! space4 ,well6 ?is canvas1 a y>d wide & n s long1 held y captive1 took y\r ?\ght prison]1 & inevitably impress$ itself on y\r memory4 ,y long$ to ramble ov] its ?ick turf2 to ent] t cottage ^: op5 w9d[s gave y ! feel+ t x 0 a peaceful %elt]2 y lov$ t poor simplicity1 :i* seem$ to hide happ9ess4 ,c]ta9ly ! au?or ( ?is graceful1 t\*+ picture practic$ ,dels>te's law1 at lea/ f intuition4 ,pr(\nd emotions are n always due to objective beauty2 ! beauty ( ! "w is a ?+ ap>t f :at x repres5ts4 ,:o does n recall1 9 ano!r ord] ( tal5t1 ?is effect1 due to ! bru% ( ,bonnat3 an ugly1 old ,spani% woman is pray+ 9 a d>k *apel2 %e prays ) eyes1 lips & s\l4 ,!re 0 nev] se5 m complete absorption1 m complete =getfulness ( self 9 humble f]vor4 ,x 0 f> m t\*+ ?an all ! types ( s5sual beauty1 ) p9k & :ite & p]fum$ sk9s--) delicate limbs1 9 disagreeable attitudes6 ,?is is1 yet once aga91 due to ! fact t s5tim5t is /rong] ?an s5sualism2 & because ! arti/'s skill1 tak+ ! place ( beauty 9 8 subject1 becomes g5u9e ae/hetic beauty3 s mu* s t1 look+ at old age & ugl9ess--z repres5t$ by ,bonnat1--! spectator is en*ant$ & applauds--! success ( ! "w6 ,if1 h[ev]1 to p]fect execution is alli$ beauty--n s5sual1 b ae/hetic1--if x is made manife/ f ! po9t ( view ( =m1 feel+ & ?\ght1 ! en?usiasm w be /ill great]1 because all ! aims ( art are realiz$ at "o & ! same "t4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,dels>te's ,beg9n+s4 ,! arti/1 a travell] on ?is e>?1 leaves beh9d imp]i%able traces ( 8 be+4--,francois ,dels>te4 ,we w\ld fa9 prolong ! fa9te/ rays ( all t glitt]s & fades too soon1 & if int5se light is g5]at$ 9 a human bra91 we /rive to reta9 its e reflection4 ,no?+ is indiff]5t :i* conc]ns ! nature ( ! *os5 few2 great m5 belong to ! annals ( _! nation1 & hi/ory %\ld be in=m$ reg>d+ !m4 ,francois ,dels>te left ?is life at ! mom5t :5 mis=tune _h cru%$ ,france b5ea? h] iron heel = "s t5 ye>s4 ,! date ( 8 dea?--,july #bj1 #ahga--p>tially expla9s ! sil5ce ( ! press on ! occasion ( s va/ a social loss4 ,! circum/ance ( an arti/ic education1 :i* 0 c>ri$ on 9 my pres5ce1 gave me opportunity to collect a mass ( incid5ts & obs]vations 9 reg>d to ! great arti/ :o is ! object ( ?is sket*4 ,i collect$ ideas 9 reg>d to 8 in/ruction1 8 me?od & 8 discov]y ( ! laws ( ae/hetics1 :i* are ! m preci\s t no?+1 or almo/ no?+1 0 publi%$ by him t\*+ ^u subjects ( su* supreme importance4 ,x is my duty to tell :at ,i "k4 ,i h already e/abli%$ ! bases ( ! "w :i* ,i n[ und]take1 9 a pamphlet conta9+ sev]al articles publi%$ 9 v>i\s newspap]s4 ,^! articles 7 writt5 "u ! inspiration ( ! mom5t2 !y won ! ma/]'s approval4 ,i %all h frequ5t rec\rse to !m to correct ! errors ( memory & give m vivid life to t n[ di/ant pa/4 ,dels>te 0 born at ,solesmes 7,dep>tm5t ( ! ,nor?71 ,novemb] #i1 #ahaa4 ,8 fa!r 0 a practic+ physician2 b torm5t$ by a g5ius = inv5tion1 he sp5t 8 "t & money 9 /udies & exp]im5ts4 ,!n1 :5 he succe$$ 9 produc+ "s me*anical novelty1 "s capitali/ m us$ to trade & ri* en\gh to />t ! affair1 usually reap$ all ! pr(its4 ,?is condition ( ?+s1 ( c\rse1 produc$ great pov]ty 9 ! family ( ! inv5tor1 & ! *ildr5's education suff]$ 9 consequ5ce1 & yet "y ,francois ev5 !n %[$ signs ( sup]ior end[m5ts4 ,a mission>y1 pass+ ?r\gh ,solesmes1 said to him3 ,z = y1 ,i don't "k :at y w turn out1 b y w nev] be an ord9>y man6 ,9 spite ( ?is1 8 p>5ts int5d$ him = trade1 be+ unable to direct 8 tal5ts t[>d sci5ce & ! lib]al arts4 ,be=e proce$+ f>!r1 ,i mu/ consid] a "q (t5 ask$ 9 reg>d to ! great arti/1 & conc]n+ :i* 8 family h k9dly in=m$ me4 ,= a long "t ,dels>te sign$ 8 "n 9 a s+le ^w1 z ,i write x n[2 :y1 !n1 %\ld we ev] see x writt5 ) ! sep>ate p>ticle1 :i* seems to aim at nobility & :i* gives u ! =m1 del ,s>te8 ,i w give y ! tradition z x is told 9 ,solesmes1 & z ! arti/ he>d x dur+ a visit to 8 native place4 ,if x be fiction1 x is n )\t int]e/1 & ,i take pleasure 9 tell+ x4 ,! natives ( ,solesmes say t at a v remote p]iod a great pa9t]1 com+ f a di/ance1 sp5t "s "t 9 _! t[n4 ,! good inhabitants ( ! place "k no?+ ( ! pictures :i* ?is ma/] mu/ h produc$2 p]haps !y are q z wide f 8 "n6 ,b ,dels>te1 /ruck by ! probability ( ?is poetic orig91 fill$ ) bro!rly sympa?y = ! pure & graceful tal5t ( ,vannu*i del ,s>to1 d\bt$ n t ! latt] 0 ! arti/ ^: memory is held sacr$ 9 ,solesmes4 ,out ( respect & v5]ation = ! ,italian ma/]1 he divid$ ! syllables1 b /ill reta9$ ! ,fr5* t]m9ation ( 8 "n4 ,we c readily see t an imag9ative _s1 su* z we n[ h to deal )1 w\ld be c>ri$ away by ! leg5d>y side ( ?is /ory1 & t he w\ld put full fai? 9 8 own comm5t>ies3--he believ$ s _m ?+s6 ,to return to prose & to reality1 ,i mu/ add t ,dels>te bas$ 8 s5tim5t ^u p>tial pro(4 ,be=e ! ,revolution1 ! family did inde$ sign !mselves del ,s>te2 b an ance/or--imbu$ ) ! pr9ciples ( #aghi1 & anxi\s to efface all suspicion ( noble orig9--effect$ a fusion ( ! two p>ts ( ! ^w1 & left u ! "n z we h kn[n x & z1 p]haps1 we regret x4 ,^? :o reg>d ?is *ange ( family "n z m]e vanity seem to me wide ( ! tru?4 ,a /range nobility1 moreov]1 t ( ,vannu*i1 surnam$ del ,s>to6 ,s>to may be translat$ z tailor2 !re=e ,vannu*i del ,s>to w\ld mean3 ,vannu*i ( ! tailor1 %ort = ,vannu*i1 son ( ! tailor4 ,:at ne$ _h he ( empty honors1 he :o 0 on equal t]ms ) ! great m5 ( lett]s1 sci5ce & ! arts1 :o 0 surr\nd$ by ! inc5se ( ! mo/ legitimate en?usiasm1 & :o receiv$ ! homage ( k+s z ( less value ?an ! praises ( ,spont9i & ,reb]6 ,i return to my sket* :i* w1 ,i hope1 ju/ify ^! la/ rem>ks4 ,at ! "t ( :i* we speak1 ! poor *ild 0 n treat$ z ! pr$e/9$ favorite ( art1 ,he _h be5 entru/$ to p :o ill fulfill$ _! mission4 ,he 0 scold$ & abus$2 he 0 left de/itute ( ! mo/ necess>y ?+s4 ,he felt ?is inju/ice1 &1 gift$ ) a precoci\s s5sibility1 he suff]$ greatly f x4 ,francois _h z a companion 9 mis=tune1 "o ( 8 bro!rs1 :o c\ld n be> ! h>d life2 born feeble1 he soon succumb$4 ,?is 0 a sev]e trial to ! future arti/6 ,:5 he saw 8 only fri5d buri$ 9 ! common grave1 he c\ld n conta9 8 grief4 ,i rebell$1 he tells u1 at ! idea ( los+ all trace ( ?is tomb4 ,i %riek$ al\d4 ,i w\ld n leave ! m\rnful place6 ,! grave-digg]s took pity on 8 despair2 !y promis$ to m>k ! spot4 ,! *ild resign$ himself to fate & dep>t$4 ,i w let him speak = himself3 ,i cross$ ! pla9 ( ,/4 ,d5is 7x 0 9 ,decemb]72 ,i _h eat5 little or no?+1 & ,i _h wept mu*4 ,great weakness comb9$ ) ! dazzl+ light ( ! sn[1 made me dizzy4 ,! fatigue ( walk+ be+ add$ to ?is1 ,i fell ^u ! damp e>? & fa9t$ dead away4 ,:at foll[$ may be expla9$ by ! ec/atic /ate (t5 exp]i5c$ on com+ out ( a fa9t+-fit4 ,ev]y?+ seem$ to smile into my half-op5 eyes2 ! vault ( heav5 & ! iridesc5t sn[ made magical visions ab\t me2 ! slight ro>+ 9 my e>s lull$ me l a confus$ melody2 ! w9d1 z x blew ov] ! des]t$ pla91 br\ght me di/ant1 vague h>monies4 ,dels>te int]pret$ :at he saw 9 ! light ( ,*ri/ian ideas3 x seem$ to him t ! angels made ?is delightful conc]t to console him 9 8 mis]y & to /r5g!n him to be> 8 h>d lot4 ,ris+ up1 ! *ild felt himself a musician4 ,he soon ev9c$ an utt] contempt = ! *9a pa9t+ to :i* he _h be5 b\nd appr5tice4 ,t too 0 an art2 b ( t art1 ! angels _h said no?+4 ,h[ 0 he to le>n music8 ,he knew t by a k ( a v small numb] ( signs1 "o c\ld s+ & play on in/rum5ts4 ,he talk$ ( ?is to all :o w\ld li/52 he que/ion$ & inquir$3-- ,d y "k music1 y fell[s8 he ask$ "s s*ool boys ( 8 own age4 ,a little1 said "s4 ,well6 :at d !y tea* y8 ,!y tea* u to "k our notes4 ,:at notes8 ,d1 re1 mi1 fa1 sol1 la1 si4 ,:at else8 ,t is all4 ,are !re no m notes8 ,n "o6 ,h[ happy ,i am6 ,i "k music6 cri$ ! delight$ ,dels>te4 ,cries ( joy h _! sorr[s1 said a poet4 ,! *ild _h utt]$ 8 cry ( joy1 & 8 torm5ts 7 ab\t to beg94 ,sev5 notes6 ,x 0 a :ole _w2 b :at 0 he to d ) !m8 ,he sc>cely knew1 al?\gh he 0 en*ant$ to possess ! treasure4 ,c\ld he =esee ! revelations :i* art _h 9 /ore = him8 ,/ill less c\ld he pr$ict ^? conque/s 9 ! realm ( ! ideal :i* co/ him s _m sleepless nights4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 sup]ior tal5ts br+ suff]+ to _! =tunate possessor4 ,!y console him on 8 j\rney1 along ! r\gh road d[n :i* !y drag him2 !y sometimes rew>d "o ( ! elect1 b x is _! nature to cause suff]+4 ,& s ,francois ,dels>te 0 tempe/-toss$ :ile yet a *ild4 ,he soon saw t 8 sci5tific baggage 0 b small2 he felt t some?+ unkn[n1 some?+ inf9ite1 b>r$ 8 passage1 s soon z he /rove to approa* ! goal :i*1 9 an outbur/ ( joy1 he fanci$ )9 8 grasp4 ,:at h& w\ld guide him to ent] on ! dazzl+ c>e] :i* he _h dimly =ese58 ,:]e %\ld he get books8 ,:o w\ld advise him8 ,well6 ^! impossible ?+s 7 all f\nd--9 scanty measure1 no d\bt1 & some:at caprici\sly2 b /ill ! means = le>n+ 7 provid$ = 8 gre$ ( k4 ,at fir/1 8 /ubborn w _h only ! sev5 notes ( ! scale to cont5d )4 ,he comb9$ !m 9 e possible way4 ,he d]iv$ musical phrases f !m2 at ! same "t1 he li/5$ ) all 8 e>s to *ur* music1 to /reet musicians1 to *ur* organs & h&-organs4 ,9 ^! fir/ /ruggles ) k--we _c call x sci5ce yet1--in/ead ( b[+ to ! me?od ( "s ma/]1 ,dels>te made a me?od = himself4 ,_h x any resemblance to t :i*--) ! progress ( "t1--8 g5ius reveal$ to him8 ,i _c say1 & probably ! ?\ght nev] occurr$ to him4 ,h[ev] x may be1 ,dels>te said t he le>n$ a great deal by ?is autonomic process3 9 fact1 "o :o is re/ra9$ by no?+1 :o satisfies a passion in/ead ( accompli%+ a m]e act ( ob$i5ce1 may enl>ge 8 horizon & dig to :atev] dep? he sees fit4 ,9 ?is case1 /udy is call$ rese>*2 if1 by ?is me?od1 "o loses ! b5efit ( ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs1 he becomes m quick at discov]y4 ,is n ! puzzle :i* we "w out = ourselves m readily rememb]$ ?an ! ideas :i* are m]ely le>n$ by he>t8 ,a wise man1 a disciple ( ,socrates--:o has be5 greatly ridicul$1 b by ^: lessons ! sci5ce ( p$agogy has greatly pr(it$1--,jacotot1 gave simil> advice to tea*]s3 ,put y\r que/ions1 b let ! s*ol> ?9k & "w out 8 answ]s in/ead ( putt+ !m into 8 m\?4 ,! tal5t ( "y ,francois once e/abli%$1 he left ! inhospitable h\se :]e he _h be5 s misund]/ood1 & 0 tak5 into ! family ( an old musician1 ,fa!r ,bamb9i1 z ,dels>te lov$ to call him4 ,"h1 f9d+ x 9 ! ord] ( facts1 ,i mu/ repeat almo/ lit]ally a page f ! little "w quot$ be=e4 ,fa!r ,bamb9i 0 "o ( ^? old-fa%ion$ ma/]s1 :o treat _! art ) love & v5]ation4 ,he gave conc]ts at :i* he 0 at once p]=m] & audi5ce1 judge & cli5t4 ,dels>te 0 sometimes pres5t4 ,he saw ! good man take up a ,gluck score z "o h&les a sacr$ book2 he surpris$ him press+ x to 8 he>t1 or to 8 head1 z if to w9 a bless+ f ! great s\l :i* p\r$ itself =? 9 ^! immortal compositions4 ,"h we mo/ assur$ly h ! f\ndation ( ! unlimit$ admiration :i* our great arti/ felt = ! au?or ( ,alce/is & ( ,iphig5ia4 ,ev]yone kn[s t x 0 ,dels>te :o drew ,gluck f ! oblivion 9 :i* he _h langui%$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury4 ,dels>te alone c\ld h reviv$ him1 8 assur$ & maje/ic tal5t be+ amply capable ( correctly int]pret+ ^? colossal works4 ,dels>te is ! equival5t ( ,gluck1 &1 if we may say s1 ! inc>nation ( 8 ?\ght4 ,:5 ! arti/ sang a "p 9 ^? lyric trag$ies ( :i* ,gretry says3 ,!y are ! v expression ( tru?1 x seem$ z if ! illu/ri\s *evali] liv$ aga9 9 him to w9 bett] compreh5sion ?an ev] be=e & to be av5g$ at la/ = all ! inju/ice & bad ta/e f :i* he _h suff]$4 ,dels>te receiv$ no v regul> musical education f ,fa!r ,bamb9i4 ,! lesson 0 (t5 giv5 :ile ! tea*] 0 %av+1 :i* did n di/ract ! att5tion ( ei!r p>ty4 ,! ma/]1 hav+ no h& at lib]ty to hold a book1 made 8 pupil expla9 all ! ex]cises al\d1 s+ e composition1 & read at sight ! au?ors ) :om he wi%$ him to be famili>4 ,great progress c be made :]e !re is su* mutual good w4 ,!y _h fai? 9 ea* o!r3 ! *ild1 because he saw t 8 ma/] really lov$ 8 art2 ! old musician1 because he realiz$ t 8 s*ol> _h a g5u9e vocation & w\ld be a great arti/4 ,"o ev5+ !y 7 walk+ toge!r 9 ! ,*amps ,elysees4 ,c>riages roll$ by fill$ ) fa%ionable p4 ,! humble p$e/rians 7 surr\nd$ by luxury4 ,sudd5ly ,fa!r ,bamb9i turn$ t[>d 8 s*ol>3 ,y see1 said he1 all ^! p :o h _! c>riages1 _! liv]i$ lackeys & _! f9e clo!s2 well1 ! day w come :5 !y w be only too glad to he> y1 & !y w envy y because y are s great a s+]4 ,! *ild 0 deeply mov$2 n by ?is promise ( future glory2 n by ! ?\ght1 t by fame he %\ld ga9 weal?2 b he seem$ to see 8 dream realiz$ 9 a remote future4 ,t dream 0 ! complete ma/]y ( 8 art2 x 0 8 ideal atta9$1 or closely approa*$4 ,?is mode ( feel+ already ju/ifi$ ! pr$iction4 ,dels>te reta9$ a grateful memory ( ano!r tea*]4 ,m4 ,de%ayes1 he said1 spurr$ him on to sci5tific discov]y1 z ,bamb9i direct$ 8 att5tion & 8 ta/e to ! works ( ! great ma/]s4 ,"o day1 z ! "y man 0 /udy+ a c]ta9 role1 ,m4 ,de%ayes1 busily talk+ ) "s "o else & n ev5 glanc+ t[>d 8 pupil1 exclaim$3 ,y\r ge/ure is incorrect6 ,:5 !y 7 alone ,dels>te express$ 8 a/oni%m5t4 ,y said my ge/ure 0 incorrect1 he exclaim$1 & y c\ld n see me4 ,i knew x by y\r mode ( s++4 ,?is explanation set ! "y disciple's bra9 9 a :irl4 ,7 !re1 !n1 aff9ities1 a necess>y concordance betwe5 ! ge/ure & ! inflections ( ! voice8 ,&1 f ?is slight l&m>k1 he set to "w1 se>*+1 comp>+1 v]ify+ ! pr9ciple by ! effects1 & vice v]sa4 ,he gave himself ) su* vigor to ! task t1 f ?is h9t1 he succe$$ little by little 9 e/abli%+ ! basis ( 8 sy/em ( ae/hetics & its complete developm5t4 ,aft] ^! beg9n+s1 :i* ,dels>te consid]$ z a favorable initiation1 ,fa!r ,bamb9i--8 fai?ful patron--?\ght t he requir$ a m ?or\gh musical education1 & *ose ! ,cons]vatory s*ool4 ,!re1 t broad & impulsive _s 9 its indep5d5ce ran c\nt] to classic pa?s1 to rigid processes2 !re1 t exceptional nature1 t pot5t p]sonality1 :i* 0 already a m>k$ "o1 t vivid intuition--:i* already w5t beyond ! limits ( ! traditional holy ( holies--_h little *ance ( appreciation4 ,moreov]1 ,dels>te 0 timid2 8 g5ius _h n yet acquir$ ! audacity :i* d>es4 ,competition foll[$ competition2 w\ld he w9 a prize8 ,9 answ] to ?is "q :i* he _h ask$ himself ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 he saw m$iocrity cr[n$2 8 s\l ( light & fire 0 =c$ to b[ be=e w-o'-!-wisps1 mo/ ( :om 7 soon ext+ui%$ 9 m]it$ oblivion4 ,! arti/'s regret 0 ! m acute because he did n yet "k ! c\rse ( human life4 ,he _h n prov$ ! /range fatality--:i* seeks to make itself a law--t1 9 g5]al1 success falls to ! lot ( ^? :o s]vilely foll[ 9 ! ruts ( r\t9e4 ,happy are ! wor%ipp]s ( art & poetry1 ^? :o h devot$ _! lives to ?is sacr$ cult1 if ambition & intrigue--) _! att5dant tra9 ( flatt]y1 p>ty r+s1 & illegal speculation--d n invade ! /age :5ce ! palms & ! cr[ns are aw>d$6 ,dels>te mu/ also h le>n$ 9 ! c\rse ( 8 life1 t g5ius1 a r>e exception1 is m r>ely /ill judg$ by its pe]s2 & yet1 ! g5ius ( ?is /ud5t 0 already reveal$ by v>i\s tok5s2 & = 8 consolation1 ^! premonitory symptoms 7 not$ by o!r ?an ! (ficial judges4 ,aft] "o ( ^! s*ola/ic conte/s1 ,dels>te )drew confus$ & heavy-he>t$3 he _h receiv$ b "o vote 9 ! competition2 & ev5 t exception r\s$ a sort ( *e]1 z if x 7 giv5 to "s contemptible competitor4 ,! defeat$ y\? walk$ sl[ly away1 dragg+ at 8 heels all ! sorr[ ( 8 discomfiture1 :5 two p]sons approa*$ him2 "o 0 ! fam\s ,m>ie ,malibran1 ! o!r ! brilliant t5or1 ,adolph ,n\rrit4 ,c\rage6 said ! prima donna1 press+ 8 h&4 ,i enjoy$ he>+ y v mu*4 ,y w be a great arti/6 ,my fri5d1 add$ ,n\rrit1 x 0 ,i :o ca/ my vote = y3 to my m9d1 y are an incomp>able s+]4 ,:5 ,i h my *ildr5 taught music1 y %all c]ta9ly be _! tea*]4 ,dels>te bless$ ! defeat :i* _h br\ght him su* preci\s comp5sations4 ,^! voices :i* s\nd$ s sweetly 9 8 e>1 7 soon ext+ui%$ by dea?2 b !y vibrat$ long 9 ! he>t :i* !y _h com=t$4 ,! arti/ associat$ _! de> memory ) e success :i* recall$ to him _! sympa!tic acc5ts & _! cle>-sight$ pr$iction4 ,*apt] ,x4 ,dels>te's ,!atre & ,s*ool4 ,:5 ,dels>te _h f9i%$ 8 /udies1 he ent]$ ! _w unaid$ & alone2 dis>m$ by ! ho/ilities :i* c\ld n fail to await him1 by 8 v sup]iority1 & by t hone/y :i* refuses to l5d itself to c]ta9 transactions4 ,at ! ,op]a ,comique1 :]e he 0 engag$1 he did n succe$4 ,exceptional tal5ts require an exceptional public :o c und]/& !m & make !m popul> by applaud+ & expla9+ !m4 ,& yet c]ta9 p1 gift$ ) p5etration1 discov]$ "u ! arti/ic innovations peculi> to ! beg9n]1 t indescribable fasc9ation :i* hov]s r\nd ! heads ( ! pr$e/9$ favorites ( art4 ,dels>te c\ld n long conf9e himself to ! /age1 :5 ev]y?+ connect$ ) x 0 s f> f sympa!tic to him1 & seem$ s contr>y to ! true object ( dramatic art4 ,! !atre1 to 8 m9d1 %\ld be a s*ool ( morality2 & :at did he see8 ,au?ors--:at w\ld he say n[-a-days8--absorb$ 9 w9n+ ! applause ( ! masses1 r ?an 9 fe$+ !m ^u :olesome food or 9 prep>+ an antidote = vice & evil incl9ations4 ,:atev] good int5tions happ5$ to be m+l$ ) ! play 7 lo/ 9 ! details ( ! action--or 9 ! (t5 mis*iev\s int]pretation ( ! actors4 ,) 8 wond]ful p]spicacity1 ,dels>te seem$ to =esee all ! excesses ( naturalism 9 c]ta9 =]unn]s ( ,adolphe ,belot & ,emile ,zola4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 comrades1 :o %\ld h attract$ him1 %[$ !mselves to be envi\s & malici\s4 ,to sum x all up1 x 0 v h>d = him to live ) !m4 ,"s ( !m might please him by _! simple gaiety1 _! *ildlike ease1 _! lack ( affectation1 & _! amiability1 b !y 7 f> f satisfy+ 8 l(ty aspirations6 ,an occupation ( a high] ord]1 he ?\ght1 ! elaboration ( 8 me?od1 dem&$ 8 ?\ghts4 ,he seem$ haunt$ by a desire to produce :at 8 _s _h conceiv$4 ,he long$ fully to enjoy t happ9ess ( creation t arises f useful discov]y4 ,he aspir$ to say3 ,9 accompli%+ ! task :i* ,i set myself1 ,i h also done mu* = art & arti/s4 ,sway$ by su* ?\ghts1 ,francois ,dels>te soon left ! pr(ession ( actor to foll[ t ( tea*] ( s++ & elocution4 ,!n he f\nd himself 9 8 elem5t &1 z x 71 at ! c5tre ( all t attract$ him4 ,8 tea*+ enabl$ him to v]ify ! value ( 8 axioms h\rly1 9 ! ord] ( facts & to confirm ! tru? ( 8 obs]vations4 ,& yet he _h n atta9$ to ! supreme beatitude4 ,if ! elect ( pla/ic & practical art h to cont5d ) apprais]s ( e degree1 inv5tors h to deal ) enemies :o make up 9 /ubborn resi/ance :at !y lack 9 numb]s1 & oppose ! iron w ( a rival :o w n see ! limit ( ! ne plus ultra :i* he believes himself to h rea*$ & ev5 exce$$4 ,9 e /ation ( life1 ! be>]s ( good news are a prey to ! tyranny ( int]e/s & e/abli%$ prejudices4 ,9 our "t1 ?is p]secution becomes mock]y or indiff]5ce4 ,dels>te did n escape ?is debt ( revelatory g5ius4 ,humble 9 reg>d to art & sci5ce1 z he 0 consci\s ( 8 /r5g? :5 face to face ) rivals & competitors1 he sometimes felt ! d\bt ( himself1 ! sudd5 weakness1 :i* ov]takes great m9ds & great he>ts 9 ! accompli%m5t ( _! mission4 ,a special =m ( torture attack$ our "y innovator4 ,he _h prov$1 connect$ & class$ a numb] ( psy*ological facts relat+ to ! !ory ( art1 & he did n "k ! special t]ms :i* w\ld make !m intelligible4 ,l ^? ph5om5al *ildr51 :o see c\ntless relations be=e !y possess ! words to express !m1 he _h discov]$ a law1 creat$ a sci5ce1 & he 0 /ill ignorant ( ! language ( sci5ti/s4 ,if he tri$ to demon/rate ! bases ( 8 sy/em & its rational evolution 9 ord9>y words1 ! ignorant w\ld n und]/& him & ! le>n$ w\ld n deign to li/54 ,sometimes he did f9d "s "o :o w\ld he> him1 "q him1 ev5 criticize him1 & :o w\ld g away be>+ a fragm5t ( conv]sation or "s few notes :i* he _h copi$ to turn to 8 own pr(it4 ,at ?is "t1 !re came "o day to ,dels>te1 a pupil :o--by a r>e exception--_h be5 ?r\gh a c\rse ( classical /udies4 ,tell me1 y :o h /udi$ 7ask$ ! tea*] ) ! affability ( a great man71 :at is metaphysics8 ,:y 444 j :at y tea* u6 said ! a/oni%$ y\?4 ,dels>te 0 en*ant$ to le>n1 t he 0 only divid$ by words f a sci5ce :i* _h seem$ to him to dwell on inaccessible heights4 ,! /udy ( te*nical words1 :5 intuition _h provid$ him ) important ideas & new p]ceptions1 0 *ild's play to him2 9 a %ort "t he c\ld tea* 8 philosophy ( art 9 ! consecrat$ expressions4 ,8 lectures grew rapidly 9 ! ,rue ,mon?olon4 ,a *oice public soon assembl$ to he> !m1 drawn ?i!r by ! admir+ cry ( ! fir/ en?usia/s4 ,at ?is p]iod1 ! tal5t ( ! arti/ 0 enhanc$ by ! lu/re ( y\?4 ,nature _h end[$ him g5]\sly4 ,8 figure1 :i* lat] assum$ r l>ge proportions1 0 tall & elegant2 8 ge/ures 7 m>k$ by grace & nobl5ess2 8 hair1 ( a v light *e/nut1 gave 8 face a fair s(tness2 8 br[n eyes reliev$ ?is expression & all[$ him to give 8 face--:5 ! int]pretation ( ! "p requir$ x--! signs ( p[] & vigor\s passion4 ,a full l5g? portrait pa9t$ at ?is "t & 9 ! possession ( ,madame ,dels>te1 gives u "s idea ( 8 gr& face & =m1 all[+ = ! disadvantages ( e translation4 ,al?\gh1 9 s++1 ! organ 0 (t5 impair$1 8 speak+-voice 0 mo/ agreeable 9 tone1 correct & p]suasive 9 acc5t4 ,9 act+ v>i\s p>ts1 ,dels>te trans=m$ himself to suit ! "* t he repres5t$4 ,he 0 congratulat$ on br++ to life = our age ,a*illes & ,agamemnon1 z ,hom] pa9t$ _! types4 ,yet1 ,i ?9k he 0 sometimes told3 ,y pa9t t wret* ( a ,don ,juan a little too fai?fully4 ,c]ta9ly1 art w\ld nev] make t compla9t6 ,if ,dels>te 0 und]/ood 9 t "p ( 8 me?od address$ especially to ! e> & ! eye1 x 0 n s ) ! !ory :i* prep>$ ^! /rik+ demon/rations4 ,he 0 surr\nd$1 x is true1 by an assembly ( m5 ( lett]s1 m5 ( ! _w1 & amateur arti/s1 r ?an by sci5ti/s & philosoph]s4 ,_m 9 ! audi5ce & among ! pupils did n pay an undivid$ att5tion to ! sci5tific "p ( ! in/ruction4 ,?us ! fir/ notes ( ! piano1 ann\nc+ t ! "t = action _h come1 always caus$ a repress$ murmur ( satisfaction & pleasure4 ,sometimes1 aft] ! lecture1 a discussion foll[$1 = ,dels>te (t5 left room = a controv]sy :i* 0 ess5tially incorrect & caus$ _m misund]/&+s4 ,?is 0 because ! innovator sometimes bl5d$ ) ! cle> hues ( 8 art-pr9ciples c]ta9 t9ts ( religi\s my/icism :i* _h no necess>y relation ) ! syn!sis ( 8 ae/hetics4 ,x 0 "o ( ! peculi>ities ( 8 "*1 amiable & b5evol5t z x 01 to take delight 9 ! conflict ( ideas4 ,if he saw1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 lecture1 a man :om he took = a philosoph] or any?+ l x1 he nev] fail$ to direct "s piquant phrase1 "s aggressive s5t5ce or "s irritat+ ?\ght t way--x 0 ! gauntlet :i* he flung = ! f9al combat4 ,nor 7 wom5 exempt f ^! humor\s sallies4 ,al?\gh ! ma/] lov$ all gr&eur--! arti/ic s5se ) :i* he 0 s l>gely end[$ incl9+ him t way--he _h democratic1 ,i might almo/ say plebeian1 in/9cts4 ,! poetry ( simple1 humble1 small exi/5ces sometimes sway$ him4 ,?us1 if among 8 he>]s1 a bright violet or an audaci\s sc>let g[n annoy$ 8 ta/e2 if ! reflection ( a ruby or a diamond vex$ 8 eye1 he w\ld *oose t in/ant to improvise a ru/ic idyl or to intone a hymn to pov]ty4 ,b ev]y?+ end$ well2 nei!r ! philosoph] :om he _h provok$1 nor ! f9e lady :om he _h reprov$1 left him z an enemy4 ,8 nature ) its v>i$ ri*es _h q en\gh fem99e coquetry to rega9 betimes ! sympa?y :i* he 0 on ! eve ( los+4 ,a graci\s ^w1 an affectionate clasp ( ! h&1 & all 0 p>don$4 ,! opposition manife/$ outside ! lecture-room to 8 ideas & mode ( in/ruction1 0 less c\rte\s4 ,!re rival s*ools & jeal\sies1 ill-disguis$ "u an affectation ( disda91 cont5d$ aga9/ him4 ,he 0 accus$ ( ! madde/ ecc5tricities2 b>b>\s processes 7 imput$ to him1 su* z squeez+ ! *e/ ( s+]s1 8 pupils1 betwe5 two bo>ds--! reason 0 h>d to und]/&4 ,o!rs claim$ t be=e ,dels>te accept$ a s*ol>1 he requir$ a pr(ession ( ! ,ca?olic fai? & an exam9ation 9 ! cate*ism4 ,^? 7 ! days :5 ! au?or ( ,les ,ori5tales1 9 8 leg5d ( ! ,two ,ar*]s1 spoke ( ,t holy h]mit :o mov$ /ones ,by ! sign ( ! cross4 ,b if1 z an arti/1 ,dels>te lov$ leg5ds & 0 inspir$ by fai?1 z a pr(essor he c\ld cut %ort ?is poetic "p ( 8 art1 at ! po9t :]e sci5ce & ! practical side ( 8 tea*+ began4 ,! reproa*1 !re=e1 c>ri$ no weight4 ,dels>te 0 amus$ by ^! exagg]at$ accusations2 9 ano!r ord] ( criticisms1 x 0 agreeable to him to he> t he sang )\t a voice1 z ,+res pa9t$ )\t colors4 ,! comp>ison pleas$ him1 al?\gh inexact4 ,yes1 ,i say inexact1 ,dels>te 0 n )\t a voice2 he _h "o1 on ! contr>y1 ( great /r5g? & range2 ( mov+ tone2 em95tly sympa!tic2 b x 0 an invalid organ & subject to caprice4 ,he 0 n always ma/] ( x1 & ?is caus$ him real suff]+4 ,let me give y ! hi/ory ( 8 voice z ,madame ,dels>te h]self lately told x to me4 ,i mu/ g back to 8 e>ly days ( /udy & debuts4 ,dels>te ent]$ ! ,cons]vatory at ! age ( f\rte54 ,too "y to endure ! fatigue ( ! regul> s*ool-ex]cises1 8 voice mu/ h receiv$ an injury4 ,:5 ! s+] (f]$ 8 s]vices at ! ,op]a ,comique---!n ,salle ,vantad\r--he 0 told t 8 voice 0 holl[1 t x _h no c>ry+ p[]4 ,?is 0 p]haps p>tly ! fault ( ! build+1 ^: ac\/ic prop]ties 7 aft]w>d improv$4 ,h[ev]1 ?anks to ! flexibility :i* 8 voice reta9$ & 8 p]fect vocalization1 ! pret5d$ insuffici5cy 0 ov]look$1 & ! "y t5or 0 admitt$4 ,8 mode ( s++ pleas$ ! skill$ public1 & ! special abilities ( ?is /rong arti/ic organism--z ,i h already obs]v$--did n pass unnot$4 ,a dilettante1 to :om ,i m5tion$ ,dels>te long aft] ?is "t1 said3 ,:at y tell me does n surprise me1 ,i he>d him at 8 fir/ appe>ance1 & he has l+]$ 9 my memory z an arti/ ( ! greate/ promise4 ,he 0 m ?an a s+]2 he _h t nameless quality1 :i* is n taught 9 any s*ool & :i* m>ks a p]sonality2 a tone ( :i* no?+1 be=e or s9ce1 has giv5 me ! lea/ idea4 ,! t5or1 f ! ,comic ,op]a1 w5t to ! ,ambigu ,!atre1 & !nce to ! ,v>ietes1 :]e an attempt 0 be+ made to introduce lyric works4 ,francois ,dels>te's dramatic c>e] did n1 h[ev]1 la/ m ?an two ye>s4 ,dur+ ^! v>i\s *anges--,i _c give ! exact dates--?is arti/1 on 8 way to glory1 0 =c$ to ga9 a liv+ by ! lea/ ari/ocratic ( occupations4 ,if he did n g s f> z ,%akespe>e 9 humility ( pr(ession 7! ,engli% poet 0 a but*]'s boy71 he /rangely /oop$ f t native nobility--great capacity1--:i* mu/ yet h claim$1 9 8 secret s\l1 its imprescriptible rights4 ,if ?is 0 "o m suff]+1 add$ to all ! re/1 x _h its good side4 ,x 01 p]haps1 ! s\rce ( ! arti/'s nev] fail+ k9dness1 ( t graci\s reception :i* he nev] hesitat$ to be/[ on anyone--f ! ,pr9cess de ,*imay & _m o!r titl$ lords & ladies1 d[n to ,"m ,*orre1 ! neighbor+ milk-woman1 :om he held1 he said1 9 great e/eem & fri5d%ip4 ,i return to 8 tea*+4 ,8 lectures 7 giv5 9 ,rue ,lam>t9e & ,rue de la ,pep9i]e4 ,!re 0 always--aside f ! s*ool--an audi5ce made up ( c]ta9 nev] fail+ foll[]s & ( a float+ population4 ,! birds ( passage sometimes came ) a v di/9ct int5tion to criticise2 b if !y did n readily und]/& ! le>n$ d$uctions1 !y w5t away fasc9at$ by :at ! pr(essor _h %[n !m ( 8 brilliant *anges into e type ( ! rep]tory :i* he held up z a model4 ,en?usiasm soon triumph$ ov] prejudice4 ,envy1 alone1 p]si/$ 9 ho/ility4 ,^! meet+s 7 g5u9e arti/ic fea/s4 ,!y 7 held at night1 at ! same h\r z ! !atres1 & no play 0 pref]able to !m 9 ! eyes ( ! truly initiat$4 ,!y 7 a transc5d5t manife/ation ( all t is mo/ elevat$1 :i* art c produce4 ,"h is an extract f a newspap]1 :i* ,i f9d among ! notes s5t me3 ,i he>d him repeat1 "o ev5+1 ',iphig5ia's ,dream1' at ! reque/ ( 8 audi5ce4 ,all 7 held trembl+1 brea?less by t worn & yet sov]eign voice4 ,we 7 amaz$ to f9d ourselves yield+ to su* a spell2 !re 0 no spl5dor & no !atric illusion4 ,iphig5ia 0 a tea*] 9 a black frock coat2 ! or*e/ra 0 a piano /rik+1 "h & !re1 an unexpect$ modulation2 ?is 0 all ! illusion--& ! hall 0 sil5t1 e he>t ?robb$1 te>s fl[$ f e eye4 ,& !n1 :5 ! tale 0 told1 cries ( en?usiasm arose1 z if ,iphig5ia1 9 p]son1 _h told u h] t]rors4 ,^! l9es are sign$ ,laur5tius4 ,i am v glad to come across !m j z ,i am giv+ v5t to my own feel+s4 ,i also f9d t ,adolphe ,gu]\lt1 9 8 pap]1 ! ,press1 calls ,dels>te ! mat*less arti/1 & recognizes a law 9 8 ae/hetic discov]ies4 ,i %all h occasion to set d[n1 z opportunity (f]s1 a /r+ ( te/imonies no less flatt]+ & no less s9c]e2 b ,i ha/5 to produce ^! specim5s1 le/ ! suspicion ( infatuation foll[ me4 ,h[ 0 x t amid/ su* w>m plaudits1 ,dels>te fail$ to w9 t popul>ity :i*1 aft] all1 is ! supreme sanction8 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t he took no great pa9s to ga9 ! place :i* 0 8 due4 ,if he lov$ glory l ! true arti/ t he 01 he nev] tir$ himself 9 its pursuit4 ,p]haps he _h an in/9ctive feel+ t x w\ld come to him "s day uns\ght4 ,he might1 9 ?is reg>d1 be reproa*$ = ! t>d9ess ( 8 successes2 he himself made difficulties & ob/acles :i* might be consid]$ z ! effects ( extreme pride4 ,halevy once sugge/$ 8 s++ at ! ,tuill]ies be=e ,k+ ,l\is ,philippe & 8 family4 ,i only s+ to my fri5ds1 repli$ ! arti/4 ,t is /range1 said ! au?or ( ,! ,jewess1 ,labla*e & ,duprez g :5ev] !y are ask$4 ,dels>te does n4 ,b consid]6 ,?is is to be a p>ty giv5 by ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce to 8 fa!r4 ,?is la/ consid]ation t\*$ ! ob/9ate he>t4 ,well6 ,i w g1 he said1 b x is only on ?ree conditions3 ,i mu/ be ! only s+]2 ,i am to h ! *orus f ! ,op]a to accompany me2 & ,i am n to be paid4 ,y w e/abli% a dang]\s prec$5t4 ,^? are my irrevocable t]ms4 ,all 7 grant$4 ,f 8 y\? up ,dels>te manife/$ ?is1 p]haps excessive1 contempt = money4 ,on "o occasion x 0 q ju/ifiable4 ,fa!r ,bamb9i _h tak5 him to a p>ty :]e he 0 to s+ on v advantage\s t]ms4 ,! s*ol> 0 treat$ ) def]5ce2 b ! tea*] :o _h nei!r a f9e face nor ! claims ( y\? to %ield him aga9/ ari/ocratic prejudice1 0 receiv$ mu* z a s]vant w\ld h be5 :o _h made a mi/ake 9 ! door4 ,! "y s+] felt ! blood mantle 8 br[1 & 8 he>t rebell$4 ,take y\r hat & let u g6 he said to 8 old ma/]4 ,b :y8 repli$ ! good man4 ,he _h he$$ no?+ b 8 pupil's success4 ,dels>te dragg$ him away 9 spite ( 8 prote/s1 & lo/ by 8 abrupt dep>ture ! pr(its ( ! ev5+4 ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,dels>te's ,family4 ,dels>te m>ri$1 9 #ahcc1 ,miss ,ros9a ,&ri54 ,! "y husb& felt a high e/eem = 8 fa!r-9-law 7primo basso cantante at ! ,op]a72 b we mu/ n suppose t ?is consid]ation influ5c$ 8 *oice4 ,he made a love m>riage su* z "o makes at ! age ( tw5ty-two1 ) su* a nature z 84 ,moreov]1 reason 0 nev] 9 clos] accord ) love4 ,miss ,&ri5 0 rem>kably beautiful4 ,%e 0 fifte52 h] tal5t z a piani/ _h already won h] a fir/ prize at ! ,cons]vatory4 ,%e 0 j ! companion1 wise & devot$1 to c\nt]balance ! flights ( imag9ation & ! mom5t>y transports inh]5t 9 ! temp]am5t ( _m arti/s4 ,i pause1 fe>+ to w\nd a mode/y :i* ,i "k to be v s5sitive3 ! liv+ _c be> praise ) ! indiff]5ce ( ! dead2 b ,i mu/ be all[$ to insi/ ^u ! valuable assi/ance :i* ! "y wife l5t h] husb& 9 8 pr(essional duties2 ?is is a special "p ( my subject4 ,mme4 ,dels>te />t$ ) a g5u9e tal5t4 ,! situation 9 :i* %e 0 plac$1 soon made h] a p]fect accompani/4 ,nev] 0 !re m p]fect h>mony betwe5 s+] & play]4 ,amid ! incessant int]ruptions necess>y to a lesson1 ! piano nev] lagg$ a second ei!r 9 /opp+ or 9 go+ on aga94 ,! note fell promptly1 id5tical ) ! fir/ note ( ! piece "u /udy4 ,to atta9 to ?is ob$i5t precision1 "o mu/ possess indomitable pati5ce1 mu/ be will+ to be utt]ly effac$4 ,dels>te appreciat$ ?is self-d5ial 9 proportion to ! m]it ( h] :o practic$ x4 ,9 ev]y?+ t conc]n$ him1 he reli$ especially ^u ! op9ion ( 8 accompani/2 he felt h] to be an abl] & m s]i\s judge ?an ! mo/ ( ^? ar\nd him4 ,b--) ! %y res]ve ( m]it unackn[l$g$ ev5 to itself1--! "y woman %rank f express+ h] impressions4 ,if ,i may judge by ! anecdote :i* foll[s1 ! arti/ 0 at times di/ress$ by ?is4 ,"o day ,dels>te1 grant+ "o ( ^? favors ( :i* he 0 nev] lavi%1 cons5t$ to s+ a composition ( :i* he 0 p>ticul>ly fond1 to a few fri5ds4 ,x 0 ! air f ,mehul's ,joseph3 ,va9ly do? ,ph>aoh 444 ,mme4 ,dels>te1 always ready at ! fir/ call1 took h] seat at ! piano4 ,! ma/] 0 9 ! mood--t is1 9 full possession ( all 8 p[]s4 ,8 pa?os 0 he>tr5d+4 ,y won a great triumph1 ,i said to him2 ,i saw te>s 9 ,mme4 ,dels>te's eyes4 ,my wife's eyes1 he cri$ z if /ruck by surprise1 are y q sure8 ,p]fectly1 ,i repli$4 ,he seem$ greatly pleas$4 ,putt+ aside all o!r feel+1 x 0 no slight triumph to move to su* a po9t "o :o assi/$ at & sat ?r\gh 8 daily lessons = h\rs at a "t4 ,a few ye>s suffic$ to =m a family ar\nd ?is v "y c\ple4 ,x 0 soon a *>m+ accessory to see *ildr5 flutt]+ ab\t ! h\se2 slipp+ 9 among ! s*ol>s2 %[+ a furtive head--d>k or light--at "o ( ! doors ( ! lecture-room4 ,let me recall _! names3 ,! elde/ 7 ,h5ri1 ,gu/ave1 ,adri51 ,xavi]1 ,m>ie2 !n came aft] a long int]val1 ,&re & ,madele9e4 ,dels>te lov$ !m madly2 = _! future he dream$ all ! dreams ( ! ,arabian ,nights4 ,meantime1 he play$ ) !m s happily t he seem$ to take a p]sonal delight 9 x4 ,he gave !m all ! joys ( ?is life t 7 )9 8 rea*1 & x 0 well t he did s6 ,alas6 ( ! dreams ( glory *]i%$ = ^! belov$ be+s1 "s few 7 realiz$1 b _m fad$ promptly ) ! exi/5ce ( ^? :o call$ !m =?4 ,b we mu/ n anticipate4 ,at ! "t ( :i* ,i speak ! *ildr5 7 gr[+ & develop+1 ea* accord+ to its nature1 9 full fre$om4 ,^? :o felt a vocation seiz$ on ! w+--r ?an !y receiv$ f irregul> lessons--"s fragm5ts ( t great art :i* 0 taught 9 ! s*ool4 ,m>ie le>n$ :ile v "y to reproduce ) m>vel\s skill :at 7 call$ ! attitudes & ! physiognomic *anges4 ,madele9e delight$ 9 mak+ c>icatures :i* %[$ great tal5t4 ,! features ( c]ta9 pupils & frequ5t]s ( ! lectures 7 pla9ly recognizable 9 ^! sket*es made by a *ildi% h&4 ,gu/ave 0 a *ild ( an op5 face & broad %\ld]s4 ,"o incid5t w %[ 8 orig9ality4 ,a /range lady came to ! ma/]'s h\se "o day ei!r to ask a he>+ or (f] a pupil4 ,%e met ?is *>m+ boy4 ,m4 ,dels>te8 %e ask$4 ,i am he1 madam6 repli$ ,gu/ave )\t fl9*+4 ,v good1 said 8 que/ion]1 laugh+1 b ,i wi% to speak to y\r fa!r4 ,?is same ,gu/ave :o1 to a c]ta9 degree1 foll[$ 9 8 fa!r's foot/eps1 0 /ruck d[n a few ye>s aft] him1 at ! age ( =ty-two4 ,:at a /rik+ application ( ,victor ,hugo's l9es3 ,& bo? are dead4444 ,oh ,"l1 all p[]ful is ?y "r h&6 ,gu/ave's c>e] seem$ to op5 readily & smoo?ly4 ,n t he c\ld approa* 8 fa!r f a dramatic po9t ( view2 he _h n 8 absolute syn!sis ( tal5ts1 & 8 figure 0 n suit$ to ! !atre2 z a s+]1 8 voice 0 weak1 b :at a *>m & :at a /yle he _h6 ,al?\gh 8 voice 0 n adapt$ to e "p1 al?\gh he _h n t range ( ! vocal scale :i* p]mits "o to attack any & e composition1 /ill1 its sympa!tic1 t5d] & p5etrat+ quality did ample ju/ice to all t is mo/ exquisite 9 romance4 ,:5 y _h once he>d t voice1 guid$ by ! =ce ( 8 fa!r's gr& me?od1 y nev] =got its s9c]ity & melan*oly2 x haunt$ y & left y impati5t to he> x aga94 ,z a conc]t-s+] & tea*]1 ,gu/ave ,dels>te might h won high rank4 ,an ill-assort$ m>riage & 8 misan?ropic "* prev5t$4 ,z a compos]1 he left "s few songs1 masses & religi\s fragm5ts :i* are n )\t m]it4 ,:5 he 0 to produce any ( 8 sacr$ works1 ! compos]-s+] nev] took a "p2 b he w\ld lead ! or*e/ra4 ,if he came to a rehe>sal & ! p]=m]s appe>$ weak1 a holy wra? w\ld seize ^u ,gu/ave4 ,!n he flung a firm1 incisive1 acc5tuat$ note into ! mid/ ( ! *oir1 vivid z a sp>k bur/+ f a fire cov]$ ) a%es4 ,he w\ld accompany x ) a glance :i* seem$ to fla% f 8 fa!r's eye2 at su* mom5ts1 he resembl$ him2 b ?is trans=mation nev] la/$ m ?an a second2 ! fictiti\s p[] disappe>$ z all :i* 0 ,gu/ave ,dels>te 0 doom$ to disappe>4 ,at lea/1 8 fa!r did n live to m\rn 8 loss4 ,& yet he knew t wor/ ( he>t-suff]+3 ! loss ( a belov$ *ild4 ,alas6 ,9 t radiant family1 ^: mir?1 fre% faces & luxuriant heal? seem$ to defy dea?1 ! implacable foe _h already twice swept 8 scy!4 ,! fir/ to g 0 ,&re1 "o ( ! late/ born4 ,he 0 at ! age :5 ! *ild leaves no la/+ memories beh9d2 b we "k ! grace ( innoc5ce1 ! privilege ( impeccability by :i* infancy atones = ! lack ( acquirem5ts4 ,!n ^! little creatures h ! my/]i\s entranc+ smiles1 :i* mo!rs und]/& & adore--& ,dels>te lov$ 8 *ildr5 ) a "m's he>t4 ,"t less5s su* pangs2 b :5 a fre% sorr[ re-op5$ ! era ( calamity1 x seems z if ! sad ev5ts trod ^u ea* o!r's heels & ! int]val betwe5 seems to h be5 b "o unmitigat$ agony4 ,! loss und]gone 9 #ahfc 0 ev5 great]4 ,xavi] ,dels>te 0 a tall1 h&some "y man4 ,! ma/] 0 cont5t ) ! pr(it :i* 8 son _h d]iv$ f 8 tuition4 ,he 0 successful z a s+] & elocutioni/4 ,he 0 attack$ by *ol]a dur+ an epidemic4 ,! night be=e he _h tak5 sev]al glasses ( ic$ orgeat 9 ! op5 air4 ,xavi] liv$ 9 ! ,rue des ,batailles ) 8 family1 b n 9 ! same ap>tm5t4 ,?is fact 0 fatal4 ,in/ead ( call+ help 9 ! fir/ /ages--unwill+ to di/urb 8 relatives--! invalid w&]$ d[n /airs dur+ ! night1 & into ! c\rt-y>d4 ,!re he drank wat] f ! pump4 ,i c /ill recall ! unhappy fa!r's /ory ( t cruel mom5t4 ,x 0 sc>cely day4 ,i 0 wak$ by t unexpect$1 fatal r++ ( ! bell1 :i*1 at su* an h\r1 always bodes mis=tune4 ,! maid he>d x also1 & op5$ ! door4 ,%e utt]$ a cry ( al>m4 ,almo/ in/antly1 my poor boy /ood at my *amb] door4 ,he lean$ aga9/ ! frame ( ! door1 8 /r5g? n all[+ him to advance4 ,f ! *ange 9 8 features1 ,i und]/ood all--he 0 hopelessly lo/6 ,dels>te 0 s5sitive & ( a v lov+ nature2 b he 0 end[$ ) great /r5g?4 ,mu* absorb$1 moreov]1 9 8 pr(ession1 8 /udies1 8 innovations1 he (t5 f\nd 9 !m a c\nt]poise to ^! rude bl[s ( fate4 ,s :5 ! ?\ghts ( 8 fri5ds recur to ^! disa/]s1 !y feel t _! greate/ sympa?y & commis]ation are due to ! "m :o ?ree times und]w5t ?is supreme m>tyrdom4 ,two names rema9 to be m5tion$ 9 ?is family :]e arti/ic call+s seem$ a matt] ( c\rse4 ,! conc]ts ( ,madame ,!resa ,w>tel--si/] ( ,madame ,dels>te--br\ght toge!r ! elite ( ,p>isian virtuosi1 & ! brilliant piani/ took h] "p 9 ! quatuors 9 :i* ,sauzay1 ,all>d1 ,fran*omme & o!r celebrities ( ! p]iod figur$4 ,george ,bizet--au?or ( ! op]a ( ,c>m5--prematurely snat*$ f ! arts1 0 ! nephew ( ,francois ,dels>te4 ,?is "y man taught himself ,sanscrit unaid$2 he inspir$ ! greate/ hopes4 ,w>tel1 :o gave ,*ri/9e ,nilsson h] musical education1 0 n ( ! same blood1 b we f9d c]ta9 po9ts 9 8 me?od :i* recall ! processes ( ,dels>te's s*ool4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,dels>te's ,religion4 ,i n[ confront an important & v int]e/+ subject2 b "o :i* is m difficult to h&le ?an ! mo/ prickly bri]s4 ,!re has be5 a confusion1 9 reg>d to ,dels>te1 ( two v di/9ct ?+s3 8 practical devotion & 8 philosophy ( art1 :i* does inde$ assume a religi\s "*4 ,he himself help$ on ?is confusion4 ,i am desir\s ( do+ my be/ to put an end to x4 ,i hope t1 tru? & s9c]ity aid+1 ,i %all n f9d ! task too great = me4 ,i mu/ fir/ grapple ) ^? ill-in=m$ p]sons :o h d5i$ ! ma/] 8 high intellectual faculties1 & ev5 8 sci5tific discov]ies1 = ! sole reason ( ! my/ical side ( 8 beliefs4 ,i mu/ also expose ! error ( ^? :o suppos$ t to ?is my/icism 7 attributable ! miracles accompli%$ by ,dels>te 9 8 c>e] z arti/ & s*ol>4 ,i 0 ! bett] able to und]/& ^! two oppos+ elem5ts--religi\sness & /r5g? ( und]/&+--because1 if ,i gave 9 my entire adhesion to ! innovator 9 ! arts1 he did n f9d me equally docile 9 :at conc]n$ ! !osophic "p ( 8 doctr9e4 ,h5ce1 discussions :i* illu/rat$ ! subject4 ,i speak 9 pres5ce ( 8 memory z ,i did be=e him1 ) p]fect frankness & simplicity ( he>t2 tak+ c>e n to (f5d ! objects ( 8 v5]ation1 b exam9+ )\t reg>d to 8 memory1 z )\t prejudice1 ! influ5ce :i* 8 convictions ex]t$ ^u 8 intellectual conceptions1 8 ideas1 8 "*1 8 tal5t--9 a ^w1 8 life1 9 s f> z x may conc]n a sket* :i* lays no claim to be a complete biography4 ,n[1 x is f ! po9t ( view ( art itself t ,i ask ! foll[+ que/ions3 ,0 ,dels>te a dev\t ,ca?olic8 ,0 he or?odox8 ,dev\t8 ,he glori$ 9 x1 he insi/$ on x2 ,i w n say t he affect$ m9ute daily acts ( devotion1 = t ^w w\ld n accord ) ! spontaneity ( 8 nature2 b he acc5t$ 8 demon/rations1 he spoke con/antly ( 8 religion4 ,)\t any int5tion to wrong ! s]i\s side ( 8 religi\s feel+s1 x seem$ to be a bravado put on = ! incr$ul\s1 a toy :i* he conv]t$ into a weapon4 ,or?odox8 ,he made x 8 boa/1 & he c]ta9ly int5d$ to be s2 he lov$1 9 _m circum/ances1 to %[ 8 humility ( he>t4 ,8 fai?1 he us$ to say1 0 ! *>coal-burn]'s fai?4 ,& yet1 ! *>coal-burn] w\ld h be5 /rangely puzzl$ if he _h _h to su/a9 ! ceaseless conte/s :i* ! arti/ accept$ or provok$ f philosoph]s & free-?9k]s2 &1 p]haps1 no less frequ5tly1 f 8 fell[-religioni/s1 & ! prie/s !mselves4 ,) ! =m]1 x 0 a m]e "q ( dogmatic =ms or ( ! necessity = "s =m ( religion2 ) ! latt]1 he ent]$ ^u a m peculi>ly !ological ord] ( ideas1 su* z ! attributes prop] to ea* ( ! ?ree div9e p]sons1 & o!r my/ical subjects4 ,"h1 z else:]e1 ,dels>te br\ght to be> 8 p]sonality1 8 /amp1 8 bread? ( compreh5sion4 ,i once ask$ him :at "s call$ ,dom9ations might repres5t1 9 ! cele/ial classification8 ,he repli$3 ,if any "o or any?+ =ces itself ^u our m9d1 takes active possession ( our s\l1 d we n feel t we are "u a c]ta9 dom9ation8 ,he gave me sev]al o!r explanations t\*+ ! angelic hi]>*y4 ,i consid]$ !m v poetic1 v +5i\s--b 7 !y also or?odox8 ,i am n compet5t to judge4 ,x 0 impossible to say at ! fir/ glance1 h[ ! influ5ce ( ?is !osophy made itself felt 9 ?is s5sitive "*1 full z x 0 ( surprises4 ,dels>te 0 born good1 g5]\s1 above ! petty t5d5cies :i* de=m & degrade ! human type4 ,on ^! div]se po9ts1 religi\s fai? c\ld sc>cely %[ its effect2 b he also decl>$ himself to be irritable & viol5t--he confess$ to a dang]\s fickl5ess--/ill1 he w\ld readily h sl&]$ himself 9 ! int]e/s ( 8 fai?4 ,:atev] ! cause ( ?is acquir$ s]5ity1 ,dels>te did n always refuse to satisfy 8 native impulses4 ,i h already allud$ to cases 9 :i* ^! returns to impetu\s vivacity occurr$1 & h[ he rose above ^! relapses4 ,:e!r 8 peaceful _s arose f religi\s feel+1 or :e!r x 0 ! result ( moral /r5g?1 x brea!d ! _s ( ! gospel2 b x mu/ also be confess$ t our arti/ m+l$ ) x mu* worldly grace4 ,:at matt]s x8 ,unc]ta9ty has no inconv5i5ces 9 su* a matt]4 ,x 0 p>ticul>ly on ! occasion ( ^? sudd5 fits ( passion to :i* ! human consci5ce does n always atta* due weight1 t ,dels>te laid great /ress ^u sup]natural int]v5tion4 ,oh6 :at w\ld he h done )\t t p[]ful aid1 ) 8 lively s5sibilities--) 8 too lov+ he>t8 ,i h no op9ion to (f] 9 reg>d to ! %ield :i* efficaci\s grace & ! palladium ( ! fai? may =m = dang]\s t5d5cies2 = ,ca?olics1 t is a matt] = ! casui/ or ! confessor to decide2 b1 z f> z ,dels>te is conc]n$1 _h he beat5 d[n ,satan 9 a way to r\se ! jeal\sy ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 _h he made ! hea!n ,socrates give prec$5ce to him 9 pati5ce1 wisdom & firmness1 ,i %\ld reg>d t victory z ! triumph ( ! sacr$ pr9ciples ( ! et]nal morality1 ( t :i* sums up1 9 a s+le gr\p1 all ! supreme precepts ( all religions & all philosophies1 r ?an z a result ( ext]nal practices4 ,x is by plac+ myself at ?is culm9at+ po9t1 t ,i h succe$$ 9 expla9+ to my own satisfaction ! true /imulus ( ! arti/-?9k]1 9 spite ( all appe>ances & all contradictions2 & ev]y?+ leads me to believe t ! elevation ( 8 m9d & ! inspiration ( ! art :i* he taught & practic$1 w\ld h suffic$1 9 equal proportion ) 8 fai?1 to deliv] him f evil4 ,h[ c\ld a man glide into ! l[] walks ( life1 ^: mission x 0 to set =? ! types ( moral beauty by oppos+ !m1 to use 8 phrase1 to ! hide\snesses ( vice8 ,n[1 tal5t & fai? meet face to face4 ,we are to consid] to :at ext5t ! "o 0 dep5d5t ^u ! o!r2 & :e!r1 9 reality1 ! arti/ :om s _m voices proclaim$ incomp>able ow$ 8 va/ sup]iority to acts ( religi\s devotion1 to 8 adhesion to ! dogmas ( ! *ur*4 ,x is n arbitr>ily t a transc5d5t intellect po9t$ out a diff]5ce betwe5 religion & religions3 e m9d devot$ to philosophy mu/ ne$s rea* ?is di/9ction4 ,i %all keep /rictly )9 ! limits ( t :i* conc]ns art1 9 a "q s va/ & ( su* great importance4 ,religion is t ne$ :i* all g5]ations ( m5 h felt = e/abli%+ a relation%ip betwe5 man & ! supreme p[] or p[]s :5ce man supposes he proce$$4 ,to "s x is an outbur/ ( gratitude & homage2 to o!rs1 an in/9ct ( t]ror :i* makes !m fall pro/rate be=e an unkn[n be+ ^u :om !y feel !mselves dep5d5t1 al?\gh !y _c "k him1 /ill less def9e him4 ,religions are all :i* m5 h e/abli%$ 9 answ] to ^? aspirations ( ! consci5ce1 to satisfy t intuition :i* =ces itself ^u our m9d s long z sophi/ry has n w>p$ x4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 t religions v>y1 are *ang$1 & may be falsifi$ until ! primitive mean+ is lo/4 ,b :atev] may be ! fai? & ! rites ( religions--:e!r fanaticism disfigure !m or feti*ism make a c>icature ( !m1 :e!r politicians use !m z an ally1 or ! traces ( ! apo/olate fade b5ea? ! mat]ialism ( speculation1--!re w always rema9 at ! bottom1 religion3 t is1 ! ?\ght :i* keeps su* or su* a society alive = a v>iable "t1 & :i*1 9 p]iods ( transition1 seeks refuge 9 human consci5ces await+ a fre% social upw>d flight4 ,well6 x 0 n ! ext]nal "p ( 8 belief :i* inspir$ ,dels>te1 :5--to use ! expression ( ! poet ,reb\l--he %[$ himself l unto a god6 ,x 0 n ! long ros>y ) its l>ge beads :i* (t5 dangl$ at 8 side1 t gave him ! secret ( he>t-tortures & s\l-aspirations6 ,! *>coal-burn]'s fai? w\ld nev] h taught him t captivat+ grace1 t supreme elegance ( ge/ure & attitude1 :i* made him mat*less4 ,nor did !ology & dogma tea* him ! mov+ effects :i* made p decl>e t he p]=m$ miracles1 & l$ sev]al writ]s 7,h5ry de ,riancey1 ,h]vet7 to say3 ,t man is n an arti/1 he is art itself6 ,& ,fior5t9o1 a critic usually sev]e & exact+1 wrote3 ,?is ma/]'s s5tim5t is s true1 8 /yle s l(ty1 8 passion s pr(\nd1 t !re is no?+ 9 art s beautiful or s p]fect6 ,pr(\nd passion1 l(ty /yle1 art itself1 ^! are n le>n$ f any cate*ism4 ,t *os5 organism bore )9 its own brea/ ! f\nta9s ( beauty4 ,an arti/1 he d]iv$ !nce an inw>d illum9ation1 &1 z x 71 a cle> vision ( ! ,ideal4 ,if religion 0 bl5d$ ) x1 x 0 t :i* speaks directly to ! he>t ( all be+s end[$ ) poetry1 to ^? :o are capable ( v[+ _! love to ! wor%ip ( sublime ?+s4 ,:at ,i h j said w become m compreh5sible if ,i apply to ,dels>te ^? m especially ,*ri/ian words3 ,! _s & ! lett]4 ,yes1 9 him !re 0 ! spiritual man & ! lit]al man2 & if ei!r compromis$ ! o!r1 x 0 n 9 ! eyes ( p]sons :o att5d$1 regul>ly en\gh to und]/& !m1 ! lectures & lessons ( ! brilliant pr(essor4 ,?is ,i h already said1 & ,i %all dwell ^u ?is po9t1 hop+ to e/abli% "s h>mony betwe5 ^? :o tax$ ,dels>te ) madness on acc\nt ( 8 positivism 9 ! matt] ( fai?1 & ^? :o /rove to connect ) 8 devotional habits ev]y?+ exceptional :i* t great figure realiz$ 9 8 passage ?r\gh ?is _w4 ,9 fact1 x is only by sep>at+ ! ,dels>te ( ! _s f him ( ! lett]1 t we c =m any true idea ( him4 ,& ! lett]1 once aga9--0 x n art & poetry t made wor%ip s de> to him8 ,! %ad[y light ( ! *ur*es1 ! /]n maje/y ( ! vault$ ro(1 contra/+ ) ! radiant circle ( light )9 :i* repos$ ! sacr$ waf]1--all ?is pomp1 ( hea!n orig91 w>m$ = him ! sev]e simplicity & cold au/]ity ( ,*ri/ian s5tim5t2 ! *ants & pray]s utt]$ 9 common also /imulat$ ! f]vid impulses ( 8 he>t4 ,! _s ( proselytism took possession ( him lat] 9 life4 ,x 0 controv]sy "u a new =m1 m attractive & m di/ract+4 ,!re 0 always "s s\l )9 rea* to be won to ! fai?2 "s rebelli\s _s to b5d to ! yoke ( ! (ficial *ur*1--proce$+1 "u due obs]vance ( o/5sible =ms1 f ! lett]6 ,neophytes 7 v ready to li/54 ,aft] all1 x pl$g$ !m to no?+1 & !y talk$ ( o!r ?+s (t5 en\gh to prev5t ! conv]sation f becom+ too mu* ( a s]mon4 ,!n1 c]ta9 favors--all ( a spiritual nature--7 atta*$ to ?is situation3 a place ne>] ! ma/] dur+ lectures1 a m affectionate greet+1 a sweet] smile4 ,^! attempts m ?an once result$ 9 disappo9tm5t to ,dels>te4 ,i w n enum]ate !m all4 ,(t5 he 0 he>d ) increas+ int]e/1 x seem$ z if resi/ance mu/ yield1 & t he might spe$ily plant 8 flag 9 ! salut>y wat]s ( grace1 b at t v mom5t 8 oppon5t w\ld become m refractory & m /ubborn ?an ev]4 ,once1 he _h great hopes4 ,sev]al "y p seem$ decid$ to ent] into ! pa?s ( virtue4 ,! ma/] 0 radiant4 ,take he$1 said skeptic prud5ce1 p]haps x is only a means ( /imulat+ y\r zeal1 ( pr(it+ bett] by y\r dis9t]e/$ness4 ,he soon ackn[l$g$ ! tru? ( ^! pr$ictions2 he confess$ x 9 8 mom5ts ( c&or4 ,"o ( ^! feign$ conv]ts1 especially1 sc&aliz$ him4 ,! /ory des]ves repetition3 ,! *ur* ( ! ,petits-,p]es _h ord]$ ! wax figure ( a fre%ly canoniz$ sa9t1 f ,rome4 ,dels>te m5tion$ x to ! s*ool1 & sev]al pupils w5t to see x4 ,ah1 sir6 cri$ "y ,d4 on 8 return1 n[1 inde$1 ,i am a ,ca?olic6 ,h[ lovely %e is1 h[ fre% & fair aft] ly+ und]gr\nd s long6 ,unhappy fell[6 said ! disappo9t$ arti/1 he takes ! image = ! reality1 & ! beauty ( a wax5 ,/4 ,philom5a has conv]t$ him4 ,! "y man _h he>d t ! pres]vation ( ! fle%1 aft] a hundr$ ye>s' burial1 c\nt$ = mu* 9 canonization1 if x did n suffice to ju/ify x2 & z ! place :]e !y _h deposit$ ! sacr$ image 0 d>k1 ,d4 _h tak5 = life itself ! p9k & :ite complexion common to su* figures be=e "t has yell[$ !m4 ,dels>te end$ by be+ amus$ at 8 cr$ulity2 he laugh$ readily & 0 n fond ( sulk+4 ,nor mu/ we =get t ?is preem95t trag$ian 0 a p]fect com$ian1 & t ?is fact entitl$ him to true enjoym5t ( ! humor\s side ( life4 ,h ,i n some:]e read3 ,bew>e ( ^? :o nev] laugh6 ,dels>te's piety--,i speak ( t ( ! lett]--0 seldom morose4 ,x did n =bid juv5ile caprices2 x ov]look$ v5ial s9s4 ,"o ,sunday he took 8 s*ol>s to ,nant]re1 "s to p]=m1 o!rs to he>1 a mass ( 8 own composition4 ,a few fri5ds jo9$ ! p>ty4 ,! mass ov]1 !y w&]$ into ! c\ntry 9 gr\ps4 ,"s walk$2 "s sat ^u ! grassy turf4 ,! air 0 pleasant1 ! conv]sation animat$2 "t pass$ quickly4 ,sudd5ly ! vesp] bell 0 he>d4 ,"s "o drew ,dels>te's att5tion to x--n )\t a t9y gra9 ( malice4 ,ma/]1 :at a pity--y mu/ leave u4 ,he made no answ]4 ,:5 ! second summons s\nd$1 ! same voice cont9u$3 ,!re's no help = x2 = u poor s9n]s1 x's no matt]6 ,b y1 ma/]1 y _c miss ! mass6 ,he put 8 h& to 8 head & consid]$4 ,bah6 he cri$ boldly1 ,i'll s5d my *ildr54 ,let me give ano!r trait 9 illu/ration ( ! nature :i* f "t to "t pi]c$ ?r\gh & r5t ! flimsy fabric ( 8 op9ions4 ,?is anecdote is a political "o4 ,despite ! prec$5t ( an ultra democratic gr&fa!r1 & all 8 plebeian t5d5cies z a philan?ropi/ & a ,*ri/ian1 8 ,ca?olic fri5ds _h incl9$ him t[>d mon>*ical ideas--al?\gh he nev] actually sid$ ) ! militant portion ( ! p>ty4 ,on "o occasion1 x happ5$ t ! two w+s ( ?is politico-religi\s fusion disagre$4 ,z at ,nant]re1 ,dels>te act$ indep5d5tly1 & on ?is occasion politics 7 ! victim4 ,x fell out z foll[s3 ,a claimant ( ! ?rone ( ,france1 /ill "y1 f9d+ himself 9 ! ,et]nal ,city1 _h n1 to all appe>ance1 fulfill$ 8 duties to ! ,vatican promptly4 ,! fir/ "t t ,dels>te enc\nt]$ c]ta9 ( ^? zeal\s legitimi/s1 :o are said to be m royali/ ?an ! k+1 he laun*$ ?is apo/rophe at _! heads3 ,i he> t y\r "y man 0 9 no ha/e to pay 8 respects to ,8 ,hol9ess4 ,?us1 always free--ev5 :5 he seem$ to h =g$ *a9s = himself--he obey$ 8 impulse )\t c\nt+ ! co/4 ,nev] m9d6 ,?is *ildi% outbur/ mu/ h gladd5$ ! manes ( ! ance/or :o connect$ ! syllables 9 ! patronymic "n ( ,dels>te6 ,i hope ,i %all n =get1 z my p5 moves along1 any ( ^! memories1 insignificant to _m m9ds1 no d\bt1 b s]v+ to di/+ui% ?is figure f ! va/ mass ( creation4 ,if1 among my read]s1 "s may say pass on1 o!rs w enjoy ^! trifles1 & w ?ank me = writ+ !m4 ,?us1 ,dels>te 0 always pleas$ to ?9k he bore ! "n ( ,francois 9 memory ( ,francis ( ,assisi--n ! ,spani>d :om we "k1 b ! great sa9t ( ! twelf? c5tury2 he :o appeas$ qu>rels1 settl$ diff]5ces1 taught slaves & common m51--! poor man :o 0 good to ! poor4 ,! fi%1 ! rabbits & ! h>es1 ! leg5d says1 plac$ !mselves 9 ?is =tunate man's h&s4 99 99 99 99 ,! birds 7 sil5t or sang at 8 comm&4 ,be sil5t1 said ! sa9t to ! swall[s1 'tis my turn to talk n[4 ,& aga93 ,my bro!rs1 ! birds1 y h great cause to praise y\r ,creator1 :o cov]$ y ) su* f9e fea!rs & gave y w+s to fly ?r\gh ! cle>1 broad fields ( air4 ,"o ne$ n be v dev\t to be attract$ by su* graceful simplicity4 ,dels>te w5t f>!r4 ,:e!r he accept$ ?is magnetic attraction z true or :e!r he reg>d$ x z purely symbolic--= ?is k9d ( miracle is n dep5d5t on fai?1--he consid]$ ! monk ( ,assisi z a lov] ( nature1 ^: he>t 0 big en\gh to love ev]y?+ t lives1 to suff] ) all t suff]s4 ,he /rove to compreh5d him by plac+ him ^u a p9nacle1 well aw>e t ! sublime (t5 lurks betwe5 ! trifl+4 ,x 0 on su* occasions t ! man ( intellect reviv$ to ennoble & illum9e ev]y?+4 ,if1 despite 8 magnific5t r5d]+ ( !m1 ,dels>te nev] call$ leg5d>y fictions 9 "q1 let u n refuse him t privilege4 ,9 su* cases ! poetry became 8 accomplice1 &--,e poet is ! toy ( ! gods1 z ,b]ang] says1 a simple song-writ]1 z ,dels>te 0 a simple s+]4 ,!re 0 9 him :om ,kreutz] call$ ! apo/le ( ! gr& dramatic /yle1 a desire1 ,i w n say = realism1 b = realization1 = action4 ,?us he once _h a fancy to jo9 ! semi-cl]ical society ( ! ?ird ord]2 x 0 a way ( keep+ himself 9 practice1 s9ce !re 7 v>i\s prescriptions1 obs]vances & int]dictions atta*$ to ! (fice4 ,"o mu/ repeat c]ta9 pray]s e day1 & submit to a c]ta9 sev]ity ( co/ume4 ,no preci\s metal1 n ev5 a ?read ( gold or silv] mu/ be se5 ab\t "o4 ,9 ! fir/ mom5ts ( f]vor1 a beautiful gre5 velvet cap1 beautifully embroid]$ 9 gold--! lov+ gift ( "s pupil or admir]1--0 int]dict$1 t is to say1 0 %ut up 9 a closet or r$uc$ to ! condition ( a m]e piece ( bric-a-brac4 ,luckily1 ! association did n require et]nal v[s1 & ,i ?9k ,i saw ! pretty article re/or$ to its prop] use lat] on4 ,ano!r attempt--& ?is 0 8 own creation--tempt$ ?is inquir+ m9d2 he wi%$ to pay especial homage1 "u "s novel =m1 to ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,! adepts 7 to be call$ ! ,tr9it>ians4 ,9 ! f\nd]'s m9d1 ?is />t+-po9t 0 to be ! se$ = a sort ( confrat]nity ) ! m>k ( true fri5d%ip & unity ( fai?4 ,?is dream 0 nev] realiz$1 app>5tly1 = x seems t ! association c\ld nev] numb] m ?an ?ree memb]s at a "t3 s t x 0 9 numb] only t x ju/ifi$ its title4 ,dels>te 0 v fond ( ^! few adh]5ts4 ,! ,tr9it>ians--:]e are ! ,tr9it>ians8 0 sometimes ! cry at a lecture4 ,x 0 ! voice ( ! ma/] :o _h res]v$ a seat ( honor = ea* ( !m4 ,?is is all ,i ev] knew ab\t ?is society1 & ,i h reason to ?9k t x nev] got beyond a few talks among ! memb]s ^u ! subject :i* unit$ !m4 ,x is n )\t reluctance t ,i expose 8 weaknesses2 b timid z ! /eps mu/ ev] be :i* are tak5 ^u hi/oric gr\nd1 we mu/ walk 9 daylight4 ,no "o1 moreov]1 c\ld reg>d ?is eff]vesc5ce ( a s5tim5t noble 9 its s\rce1 z a want ( intellectual lib]ty4 ,x 0 ! affectionate side ( 8 nature :i* at mom5ts dimm$ 8 reason1 b nev] w5t s f> z to put out its light4 ,i ne$ n attempt to def5d on ?is po9t "o1 ( :om ,augu/e ,lu*et wrote3 ,x is by 8 s\l & 8 sci5ce t he lifts y1 transports y1 /rikes y1 %att]s y ) t]ror1 angui% & love6 ,& ,pi]re ,zaccone says3 ,he is an arti/1 ap>t1 exceptional1 p]haps unique6 ) :at f9i%$ art1 :at tal5t1 :at ,,g5ius1 he uses ! res\rces ( 8 voice6 ,t :i* be/ aton$ 9 ,dels>te = ! gra9 ( fanaticism ) :i* he 0 reproa*$1 0 ! tol]ance :i* prevail$ 9 e controv]sy1 9 e diss5sion4 ,if he sometimes blam$ free ?\ght1 he nev] %[$ ill w to free-?9k]s4 ,9 ! _s ( ! gospel--s diff]5t f ! _s ( ! dev\t p>ty--he 0 all ?+s to all m54 ,he 0 on a v fri5dly foot+ ) a prie/ :om1 by 8 logic & 8 s9c]ity1 he _h prevail$ ^u to =sake ! ecclesia/ical call+4 ,9 our discussions1 :i* dealt ) second>y subjects ( v>i\s =ms ( belief--= ,i nev] d5i$ ,god1 or ! s\l & its immortality1 or ! fre$om ( ! w :i* is ! honor ( ! human race1 or ! p[] ( *>ity1 provid$ x become social & frat]nal1 in/ead ( m]ely alms-giv+ z x has be51--9 ^! debates1 sometimes r lively1 ,i w\ld end by say+ to him3 ,y "k t ,i love & seek tru?2 v well6 if ,god wi%$ me to jo9 ! ranks 9 :i* y s]ve1 he w\ld c]ta9ly give me a sign2 b s long z ,i d n receive ,8 summons1 :at h ,i to d ) x8 ,i spoke 8 own language1 & he yield$ to my reason+4 ,come1 he w\ld say1 ,i pref] y\r frankness to ! pret5ses ( feign$ piety2 & he w\ld add sorr[fully3 ,alas6 ,i (t5 enc\nt] !m6 ,s we always end$ by agree+1 & ?is truce la/$--until our next meet+4 ,! words :i* ,i h j quot$ prove t if ,dels>te clung to ! ,ca?olic dogmas1 he 0 p>ticul>ly t\*$ by ! s9c]e piety & active *>ity ( simple1 evangelic he>ts4 ,i may give yet ano!r pro( ( ?is4 ,to satisfy 8 sympa?ies z mu* z to rescue 8 clan1 :5 attack$1 he w\ld always quote a fa!r confessor1 "o ,fa!r ,pricette--?is "n %\ld be rememb]$ 9 ! pres5t age--:o1 dur+ ! icy nights ( ,decemb]1 slept 9 an arm-*air1 because he _h giv5 8 la/ mattress to "s "o poor] ?an himself4 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,dels>te's ,fri5ds4 ,fri5dly relations--al?\gh disputes (t5 arose--7 e/abli%$ t[>d #ahdj betwe5 ,dels>te & ,raymond ,bruck] 7kn[n to lit]ature z ,mi*el ,raymond74 ,=tunately 9 spite ( ! influ5ce ( ! au?or ( ,m5songe1 ,dels>te's sup]ior rank always prevail$ 9 ?is intimacy4 ,mi*el ,raymond publi%$ sev]al novels 9 ! fir/ half ( ?is c5tury4 ,lat] on1 he took 8 place 9 ! ranks ( t militia ( ,neo-,ca?olics1 ! fruit ( ! ,re/oration4 7,i d n "k :e!r ,i am ju/ifi$ 9 giv+ ! "n ( ,neo-,ca?olic to ,bruck]2 p]haps1 on ! contr>y1 8 dreams 7 all ( ! primitive *ur*4 ,b1 9 spite ( 8 ,jewi% crudities1 ,i suppose he w\ld nev] h jo9$ ! foll[]s ( ,fa!r ,loyson47 ,8 ke51 %>p & cau/ic _s did n =sake him :5 he *ang$ 8 pr9ciples2 & nev] did ! ,*ri/--^: symbol is a lamb )\t a /a9--h a /]n] or m w>like zealot4 ,9 appe>ance1 ,bruck] _h some:at ! look ( a ,mephi/opheles--a demon !n v mu* 9 vogue1--especially :5 he laugh$1 8 laught] be+ full ( s>donic res]ves4 ,if ,dels>te's mode ( proselyt+ 0 almo/ always g5tle1 affectionate1 adapt$ to ! _s he aspir$ to conqu]1 t ( ,raymond ,bruck] _h an aggressive fa%ion2 he became brutal & cynical :5 discussion wax$ w>m4 ,once1 9 reply to "o ( 8 vehem5t attacks aga9/ ! age1 9 :i* he us$ v unp>liam5t>y expressions1 he drew ^u himself ! foll[+ answ] f a woman3 ,b1 sir1 ,i %\ld ?9k t 9 ! ardor ( y\r rec5t convictions1 y\r fir/ act ( fai? %\ld h be5 to make an auto-da-fe ( all ! books sign$ ,mi*el ,raymond4 ,i repeat1 ?is writ]1 al?\gh ( und\bt$ intellectual m]it1 c\ld n annul ,dels>te's native t5d5cies2 he c\ld nev] h l$ ,dels>te into any camp :i* ! latt] _h n already decid$ to jo92 b :5 !y met on common gr\nd1 he influ5c$1 excit$ & sometimes ?rew a %ad[ ov] him4 ,:5 !y _h f\ght toge!r aga9/ ! ne>e/ rebel1 long & lively discussions w\ld (t5 arise betwe5 !m1 b !y always agre$ 9 ! end3 ! arti/'s good-nature s will$ x4 ,if diss5sion cont9u$1 if ! fi]y fri5d _h giv5 cause = reproa*1 ,dels>te m]ely said3 ,poor ,bruck]6 ,b h[ mu* t brief phrase c\ld be made to mean 9 ! m\? ( a man :o taught an actor to say1 ,i hate y6 by utt]+ ! words1 ,i love y1 & :o c\ld r+ z _m *anges on "o s5t5ce z ! ?\ght1 ! feel+1 ! occasion1 c\ld possibly require4 ,d n suppose1 h[ev]1 t ,dels>te abus$ 8 p[]4 ,contr>y to _m actors :o c>ry _! !atrical habits into _! private life1 he aim$ at ! mo/ p]fect simplicity outside ( ! roles :i* he int]pret$4 ,i make myself z simple z possible1 he w\ld say1 to avoid all suspicion ( pos+4 ,b /ill he c\ld n entirely rid himself1 9 conv]sation1 ( ^? inflections :i* illum9ate words & are ! g5u9e manife/ation ( ! inn] mean+4 ,be ?is z x may1 ! relation betwe5 our two conv]ts assum$ ! proportions ( fri5d%ip1 d\btless 9 virtue ( ! my/]i\s law :i* makes contra/ attractive4 ,hegel says3 ,! id5tical & ! non-id5tical are id5tical2 & ?is proposition passes = nons5se4 ,p]haps if he _h said3 ,may become id5tical1 x w\ld be und]/ood t he meant to speak1 9 g5]al1 ( t reconciliation ( contr>ies :i* unit$ ! calm g5ius ( ,dels>te & ! bri/l+1 prickly _s ( ,raymond ,bruck]4 ,"o motive p>ticul>ly contribut$ to ! union2 ,bruck] 0 un=tunate 9 a worldly s5se4 ,dels>te1 improvid5t = ! future & scorn+ money1 /ill _h1 dur+ ! be/ ye>s ( 8 pr(essor%ip1 a relatively com=table home4 ,he lov$ to h 8 fri5d take advantage ( x4 ,l>ge rooms1 well w>m$ 9 w9t]1 a simple table1 b "o :i* lack$ no ess5tial article1 7 ( no small importance to "o ^: scanty h\sehold _h naught b sorr[ & privation to (f]4 ,h[ _m ev5+s !y sp5t toge!r 9 diss]tations :i* (t5 end$ 9 no?+--& h[ (t5 ! dawn surpris$ !m be=e !y 7 we>y6 ,= ,bruck] x 0 a refuge1 b = ,dels>te1 :at a wa/e ( "t & /r5g? tak5 f 8 real "w6 ,t wa/$ "t might h suffic$ to fix & produce c]ta9 special po9ts 9 8 me?od4 ,!n1 too1 8 heal? dem&$ great] c>e4 ,take x = all 9 all1 ?is intimacy 0 p]haps m h>mful ?an helpful to ,dels>te4 ,yet ,i h be5 told t ,raymond ,bruck] urg$ ! innovator to elaborate 8 discov]y1 & (t5 reproa*$ him ) 8 neglig5ce 9 pecuni>y matt]s4 ,x 0 he :o said3 ,francois ,dels>te's sy/em is an or?op$ic ma*9e to /raight5 crippl$ intellects4 ,i h also he>d 9 favor ( ,raymond ,bruck]1 t t m9d s full ( bitt]ness1 t inquisitor 9 p>tibus1 0 mo/ t5d] t[>d a *ild 9 8 family1 & t he bore 8 pov]ty bravely4 ,i desire to note ^! eulogies side by side ) ! less favorable reflections :i* ,i consid]$ x my duty to write d[n "h4 ,i recall a %ort anecdote :i* w s]ve to close ! ,bruck] /ory4 ,z we h said1 !y 7 seldom p>t$4 ,"o day ,dels>te _h agre$ to d9e ) ! family ( a pupil4 ,z he 0 on 8 way ?i!r1 he met 8 insep>able fri5d4 ,f t mom5t 8 only ?\ght 0 to excuse himself f ! d9n]2 b 8 ho/s 7 reluctant to give up su* a gue/2 !y insi/$--!y 7 (f5d$4 ,p>don me1 said ,dels>te2 ,i really _c /ay6 ,i _h =gott5 t ,bruck] 0 to d9e ) me4 ,b t c be arrang$6 ,m4 ,bruck] c jo9 u4 ,suppose we s5d & ask him8 ,y ne$ n1 repli$ ! ma/]2 if y are will+1 ,i w call him2 he is wait+ = me bel[ at ! corn]4 ,!y _h act$ z *ildr5 d1 :5 "o says to ! o!r on leav+ s*ool3 ,wait a m9ute = me1 ,i'll ask mamma if y c come & d9e ) u4 ,bruck]1 :o aft] all knew h[ to be agreeable :5 he *ose1 took 8 place at ! table1 & all w5t well4 ,?is proves yet once aga9 ! ext5t to :i* ,dels>te possess$ t *>m+ simplicity s well suit$ to all di/9ction4 ,9 ! diss]tations ^u religi\s subjects incessantly r5ew$ ab\t ,dels>te1 x 0 sometimes decl>$ t great s9n]s 7 sur] ( salvation ?an ! mo/ p]fect unbeliev]s 9 ! _w4 ,a "y man1 :o d\btless felt himself to be 9 ! fir/ category1 once said to ! ma/]3 ,my fri5d1 ! good ,god has be5 too k9d to me6 ,i disobey him1 ,i (f5d aga9/ 8 laws4444 ,i rep5t1 & he accepts my pray]6 ,i relapse into s9--& he =gives me6 ,decid$ly1 ! good ,god is a v poltroon6 ,?is seems to exce$ ! unre/ra9$ ease & confid5ce usual t[>d an e>?ly fa!r2 b we mu/ n =get t ! inflection modifies ! mean+ ( a phrase1 & t poltroon may mean adorable4 ,?is p5it5t1 n[ fam\s1 c>ri$ 8 provocation ( ! inexhau/ible goodness v f>4 ,at "o "t 9 8 life he tri$ to bl[ out 8 bra9s6 ,by a m]e *ance--he probably said1 by a miracle1--! w\nd 0 n mortal2 b he always reta9$ ! accus+ sc>4 ,i nev] knew :e!r ?is unpleasant adv5ture prec$$ or foll[$ ,mr4 ,l4's conv]sion1 or :e!r x 0 co9cid5t ) "o ( ! relapses ( :i* t rep5tant s9n] accus$ himself4 ,ano!r v religi\s fri5d 0 no less fragile 9 ! obs]vance ( 8 firm v[4 ,becom+ a wid[]1 he swore et]nal fidelity to ! dep>t$ angel4 ,soon aft]1 he 0 se5 ) ano!r wife on 8 arm6 ,& y\r angel8 :isp]$ a sceptic 9 8 e>4 ,oh1 my fri5d6 0 ! reply1 ?is "o is an ar*angel4 ,ano!r figure haunt$ ,dels>te & af=d$ yet ano!r pro( ( 8 tol]ance4 ,! ,italian1 ,c----1 %>$ nei!r 8 political ideas nor 8 religi\s beliefs2 he 0 "o ( ^? refugees :om ! defeats ( ! ,c>bon>i h ca/ ^u our soil1 & ^: necessities ,france--does our neighbor rememb] ?is8--= ye>s suppli$1 z if !y 7 h] own *ildr54 ,h[ev]1 %e c\ld (f] !m b a prec>i\s liv+4 ,sign] ,c41 to give "s *>m to 8 wret*$ exi/5ce1 desir$ to add to 8 scanty budget a /rong dose ( hope & intellectual enjoym5t3 hope 9--:at came lat]--! indep5d5ce & unity ( ,italy4 ,by way ( div]sion1 ?is /rang] gratifi$ himself by indulg+ 9 a :im2 he _h dreams ( a panacea1 a plant ^: complex virtues %\ld combat all ! evils :i* fall to ! lot ( poor humanity2 b ?is m>vel mu/ be s\ght 9 ,am]ica4 ,& h[ 0 he to get !re1 :5 he c\ld b>ely scrape toge!r ! necess>y five c5ts to ride 9 an omnibus6 ,! ,isabellas ( our day d n build %ips = e new ,columbus :o desires to end[ ! _w ) "s wond]ful treasure trove6 ,& yet ?is man 0 n mad2 he 0 "o ( ^? :o prove h[ _m insane ideas a bra9 may *]i%1 )\t be+ entitl$ to a cell 9 ,b$lam or ,*>5ton4 ,:ile await+ ! realization ( 8 gold5 dreams1 poor ,c4 sp5t 8 "t 9 p]petual adoration ( ! ,talma ( ,music--= s ,!ophile ,gauti] /yl$ ,dels>te2 he nev] miss$ a lecture2 he took "p 9 ! talks :i* l5g!n$ out ! ev5+ :5 ! p>lor 0 at la/ cle>$ ( sup]flu\s gue/s4 ,among 8 _m manias--h[ _m p h ?is "o 9 common ) him6--! ,italian *]i%$ ! idea t he 0 ( exceptional ability1 & t 9 m ?an "o direction4 ,he proclaim$ t ,dels>te w5t f> beyond ev]y?+ t he knew--equal to all t c\ld be imag9$ or desir$ 9 reg>d to art--b z = himself1 ,c41 0 he n f a l& :]e art is h]$it>y1 :]e x is brea!d 9 at e pore1 f bir?8 ,& m ?an ! mass ( 8 c\ntrym51 did he n feel ! volcanic heat ( ! sacr$ fire burn+ )9 him8 ,"o ev5+1 he made a bold v5ture4 ,he _h prep>$ a tirade writt5 by "s ,italian poet4 ,all t ,i rememb] ( x is t x began ) ! words3 ,trema--,trema6 ,tremble--,tremble6 ,! impromptu trag$ian recit$ sev]al l9es 9 a declamatory tone accompani$ by ge/ures to mat*4 ,dels>te li/5$ )\t a sign ( praise or blame4 ,!n he rose1 /ruck an attitude appropriate to ! text1 b p]fectly natural1 &1 9 8 quiet way1 said3 ,might n y z well give x 9 ?is key8 ,!n1 9 a voice ( repress$ h>%ness1 8 ge/ures subdu$ b expressive ( hatr$1 he repeat$ ! two words3 ,trema--,trema6 ,! li/5]s %udd]$4 ,dels>te _h produc$ "o ( ^? effects :i* c nev] be =gott54 ,! sm\ld]+ a%es did n burn long2 f\r syllables 7 en\gh to ext+ui% ! flame4 ,foll[+1 n ! *ronological ord]1 b t ( circum/ances & incid5ts calculat$ to ?r[ light on my subject1 ,i mu/ once m retrace ! c\rse ( ye>s4 ,c4's p]si/5cy w5t on be=e & aft] #ahdh4 ,dur+ ! second p]iod1 all m9ds 7 greatly agitat$ by ! /ate ( politics4 ,c41 9 spite ( 8 und\bt$ lib]alism--he sp5t a great "p ( 8 leisure 9 mak+ democratic con/itutions--?\ght1 l e o!r claimant1 t he _h duties to p]=m2 & t he might z well1 to facilitate 8 task1 make an ally ( ! ,emp]or1 )\t scruple2 b access to royalty 0 no less impossible ?an l&+ on ! ,am]ican %ore :]e 8 panacea grew4 ,he hit ^u ! foll[+ plan3 ,a numb] ( ladies 7 to g 9 a body & implore ,napoleon ,,iii to p>don c]ta9 exiles3 = ! same calamities always foll[ civil w>1 & !re are always wom5 ready to beg = ju/ice or m]cy4 ,c41 :o knew _! purpose1 said to "o ( ! petition]s3 ,h[ are y go+ to make ! ,emp]or und]/& t ,i am ! only man capable ( sav+ ! situation8 ,! petition 0 n pres5t$2 & ! _w rema9s to be sav$6 ,our ,italian _h ano!r specialty3 he 0 p]petually 9 se>* ( "s notori\s somnambuli/4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! m5tal agitation caus$ by gov]nm5tal crises is v favorable to ^! py?onesses ( mod]n times4 ,ea* wi%es to outrun ! future & to af=d himself at lea/ an illusion ( ! triumph ( 8 p>ty4 ,! oracles v>i$ accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! p]son :o magnetiz$ ^! ladies1 &1 (t51 accord+ to ! presum$ desire ( ! audi5ce4 ,dels>te all[$ himself to be drawn into ^! my/]ies4 ,he _h "t = ev]y?+4 ,x af=d$ him relaxation1 & a means ( obs]vation4 ,on "o occasion1 he foll[$ ! refugee to a g>d5 :]e a p]son ( p]fect lucidity prophesi$4 ,! sibyl 0 a believ] z well z a se] & pret5d$ to communicate ) ,god 9 p]son4 ,i d n "k exactly :at sup]nal secrets ! woman reveal$1 :ile %e slept1 b ! result 0 ridicul\s4 ,!y _h =gott5 to fix ! h\r = ! next sitt+3 s1 to repair ! omission--by means ( a few passes--! somnambuli/ 0 re/or$ to sleep & lucidity4 ,!n 9 a corn] ( ! g>d51 9 a famili> tone &--to use ! popul> expression--9 :i*1 z may well be imag9$1 ! voice ( ,jehovah 0 n he>d3 ,my ,god1 :at day %all we return8 ,he says ,w$nesday1 ann\nc$ ! lady4 ,?ank y1 ,god6 ,if ! ,italian w5t into ec/asies ov] ?is irrev]5t trifl+1 ,dels>te did n disda9 to c>icature x1 & gave u a mo/ comical little p]=mance4 ,"h aga9 we see h[ he c\ld trans=m ev]y?+1 & make some?+ out ( no?+6 ,among ! frequ5t]s ( 8 lectures 0 an arti/ :om ,i w\ld gladly m5tion = 8 tal5t if ,i did n fe> to annoy him by connect+ 8 "n ) an incid5t conc]n+ him4 ,i relate x 9 ! hope ( some:at div]t+ my read]s1 to :om ,i mu/ s (t5 disc\rse ( s]i\s ?+s4 ,mr4 ,p4 pa9t$ a portrait ( ,dels>te z a "y man4 ,! features are exact1 ! pose firm & dignifi$1 ! eye pr\d4 ,! pa9t] & ! model 7 on v good t]ms & sympa?iz$ 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,x mu/ h be5 ! ma/] :o br\ght him ov]4 ,he /ill burn$ ) ! zeal peculi> to rec5t conv]ts2 to su* a po9t t ev5 on a %ort excursion into ! c\ntry1 he c\ld n await 8 return to ,p>is to approa* ! /ool ( rep5tance4 ,?is desire seem$ easily satisfi$2 :at village is )\t a fa!r confessor6 ,s1 "o f9e day1 ! arti/ rang at ! fir/ p>sonage he c\ld f9d4 ,! prie/'s si/] op5$ ! door--(f]$ him a seat--& told him t h] bro!r 0 away4 ,b1 aft] ^! prelim9>ies1 ! lady seem$ uneasy4 ,%e inquir$ :at ! /rang] want$4 ,to speak ) ! prie/4 ,:at c\ld ?is /rang] h to say to him8 ,su* 0 ! "q :i* float$ 9 h] eyes1 amid/ ! confus$ phrases 9 :i* %e /rove to ga9 an explanation4 ,mr4 ,p4 f9ally told h] t he _h come to confess4 ,my bro!r w n return till v late1 said ! poor girl1 unable to disguise h] di/ress4 ,i w wait6 repli$ ! travel]4 ,oh1 sir1 ,i hope y w n6 ,he ?\ght he he>d h] mutt]3 ,we read su* ?+s 9 ! pap]s6 ,! visitor at la/ p]ceiv$ t %e took him = a ?ief1 & he c\ld n dep>t quickly en\gh4 ,"o m anecdote3 ,francois ,dels>te call$ himself a bad citiz51 because he dislik$ to und]take ! duties entail$ by reason ( ! national gu>d--a dignity long dem&$ by ! advanc$ p>ty ( ! day1 b ( :i* !y soon we>i$4 ,i ?9k t ! arti/'s infractions 7 (t5 ov]look$1 & 8 reasons = exemption 7 nev] too closely scann$4 ,& yet1 ! soldi]-citiz5 0 "o day arraign$ be=e a c\ncil ( discipl9e1 :i*1 )\t reg>d = ?is repres5tative ( ! highe/ p]sonages ( fiction1 condemn$ him to ?ree days' imprisonm5t4 ,x 0 z if !y _h imprison$ saltpetre 9 company ) a bun* ( mat*es--b he re/ra9$ 8 rebelli\s feel+s2 he w\ld n give 8 judges ! satisfaction ( kn[+ 8 torm5t4 ,he soon ?\ght only ( procur+ consolation3 he summon$ 8 fri5ds1 :o visit$ him 9 ?rongs4 ,!n he made ! acqua9tance ( 8 companions 9 mis=tune4 ,!re 0 "o especially1 :o1 alone1 w\ld h made up to him = all ! inconv5i5ces ( 8 =c$ arre/4 ,! fir/ "t t ?is prison] ent]$ ! room :]e ! o!r prison]s 7 assembl$1 he look$ at !m ) ! mo/ solemn air1 put 8 h& to 8 =ehead1 made a milit>y salute1 & 9 grave tones1 z if beg9n+ a h>angue1 he utt]$ ^! words3 ,captives--,i salute y6 ,x 0 /rangely p]t95t4 ,dels>te 0 n beh9dh& 9 comic gravity4 ,?is little sc5e enliv5$ him4 ,ano!r comp5sation fell to ! lot ( our captive4 ,"o ( ! prison]s sang him a song1 "o /anza ( :i* l+]$ 9 8 memory4 ,i transcribe x3 ,i 0 born 9 ,f9i/]re1 ,at ,quimp]lay ,i saw ! light4 ,! sweete/ air is my native air1 ,my p>i% *ur* is pa9t$ :ite6 ,oh6 s ,i sang1 ,i sigh$1 ,i said1-- ,h[ ,i love my native air1 ,& p>i% *ur* s bright6 ,^! l9es1 writt5 by "s ,breton m9/rel1 inspir$ "o ( ^? sweet1 pla9tive airs :i* ! drawl+ voice ( ! drov]s s+ z !y return at nightfall2 "o ( ^? airs :i* seem to foll[ ! brook d[n ! valleys1 & :i* repeat ! e*oes ( ! m\nta9s1 9 ! f> di/ance4 ,oh6 h[ ,dels>te us$ to murmur x2 x made "o homesick = ,brittany6 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,dels>te's ,s*ol>s4 ,to get "o's be>+s 9 t float+ population 7:]e p]si/5cy & fidelity are r>e qualities7 :i* haunts a s++-s*ool1 x is well to make classifications4 ,9 ,dels>te's case1 ! novelty ( 8 processes1 8 extraord9>y reputation among ! art-lov+ public1 ! l5g? ( "t :i* he insi/$ 0 necess>y = complete education1 all comb9$ to produce an incessant ebb & fl[ ( pupils4 ,!re=e1 ,i mu/ di/+ui%4 ,fir/1 !re 7 ^?1 br\ght by ,dels>te's g5]osity1 ^: only res\rce 0 a vocation m or less favor$ by natural gifts4 ,he w\ld say3 ,come "o1 come all4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 _m 7 call$1 & few 7 *os51 ! majority only mak+ a pass+ visit4 ,!n !re 7 ! f9i%$ arti/s4 ,!y took private lessons1 com+ to beg ! ma/] to put ! f9i%+ t\* to _! "w1 hop+ to ga9 f him some?+ ( t spiritual flame :i* consecrates tal5t4 ,i %all n und]take to speak ( all1 b ,i mu/ quote a few names4 ,"o w9t] day1 says ,la ,patrie = ,june #ah1 #aheg1 a woman1 beautiful & /ill "y1 visit$ ,dels>te1 begg+ him to initiate h] into ! my/]ies ( ,gluck's /yle3 ,y are ! greate/ kn[n s+]1 %e said2 no "o c ent] into ! "w ( ! great ma/]s & seize _! mo/ secret ?\ght z y d2 tea* me6 ,:o are y8 ask$ ,francois ,dels>te4 ,h5rietta ,sontag1 repli$ ! /rang]4 ,madame ,b>bot _h a mom5t ( great triumph1 & 0 summon$ to ,russia at ! p]iod ( h] success 9 ,p>is4 ,%e 0 p]haps ! ma/]'s be/ imitator2 %e _h some:at ( 8 tragic emotion1 8 /yle1 8 ge/ure2 !n :at did %e lack to equal him8 ,%e lack$ t absolute s9e qua non ( art & poetry--p]sonality4 ,%e add$ little ( h] own4 ,ev5 among ^? :o c\ld nei!r he> 8 lectures nor foll[ 8 lessons1 ,dels>te _h disciples4 ,a great s++-tea*]1 :om ,i knew at ,flor5ce1 0 eag] to le>n ev]y?+ conc]n+ ! me?od4 ,i (t5 he>d him ask a c]ta9 "y girl1 z he read a score3 ,y 7 ,dels>te's pupil2 tell me if he w\ld h read ?is z ,i h done8 ,ev5 ! fam\s ,j5ny ,l9d made ! j\rney f ,london to ,p>is1 expressly to he> ! great s+]4 ,at 8 lectures 7 se5 f "t to "t3 ,m4 & ,mme4 ,am& ,*eve1 ,mlle4 ,*audesaigues1 ,m4 ,m>io ,u*>d--:o1 aft] 8 m>riage1 ask$ = elocution lessons = 8 wife 7,madele9e ,brohan71--,mlle4 ,rosalie ,jacob1 ^: brilliant vocalization nev] won ! r5[n :i* x des]v$1 ,mme4 ,c>valho1 :o 0 n "o ( ! regul> att5dants1 b :o tra9$ h] r>e tal5t z a light s+]1 !re1 be=e ! v eyes ( h] fell[ pupils1--,g]aldon1 :o 0 v successful 9 ,italy1 "u ! "n ( ,g]aldoni4 ,!n1 !re 0 ,mme4 de ,b----1 :o appe>$ at ! op]a "u ! "n ( ,betty2 a beauty ) a f9e voice4 ,?is arti/ did n p]fect h] tal5ts1 be+ 9 ha/e to jo9 ! !atre 9 ,rue ,lepelleti]1 "u ! %ield ( ano!r ma/]4 ,al?\gh well receiv$ by ! public1 %e soon gave up ! pr(ession4 ,a memory haunts me1 & ,i _c d5y x a few l9es4 ,mme4 ,m4 may h be5 eighte5 :5 %e began to /udy s++ ) ,dels>te1 toge!r ) h] husb&1 :o 0 de/9$ = a simil> c>e]4 ,%e _h an agreeable voice1 b a p>ticul>ly *>m+ face1 ! fre%ness ( a *ild 9 its cradle1 a sweet expression ( innoc5ce4 ,9 figure %e 0 tall & sl5d]4 ,! lovely creature always look$ l a ,b5gal rose toss+ ^u its graceful /alk4 ,^! "y /ud5ts consid]$ !mselves f9i%$ & made an engagem5t ) ! manag] ( a !atre 9 ,brazil4 ,don't d x1 said ,dels>te to ! husb&1 kn[+ 8 suspici\s nature1 t is a dang]\s region2 y w nev] br+ y\r wife back alive4 ,he prophesi$ b too tru?fully4 ,soon aft]1 we he>d t ! fair song/ress _h be5 %ot dead by ! h& ( ! husb& :o ador$ h]4 ,i l to ?9k t %e 0 innoc5t ( m ?an imprud5ce4 ,! /ory :i* rea*$ u f t di/ant l& 01 t ,m4 ,m4 ?reat5$ to kill 8 wife if %e cont9u$ to associate ) a c]ta9 "y man4 ,y w\ld nev] d x6 %e said4 ,%e did n reckon on ! ab]rations ( jeal\sy4 ,x 0 said1 9 excuse = ! murd]]1 t %e _h defi$ him1 say+3 ,i love him1 & ,i d n love y6 ,aft] ! cata/rophe1 ! un=tunate husb& gave himself up to ju/ice4 ,no case 0 f\nd aga9/ him1 b h[ he mu/ h suff]$ :5 he _h =ev] cut himself (f f ! sight ( t en*ant+ creature6 ,?ree figures /& preem95t 9 ! cr[d3 ,d>ci]1 ,giraudet1 ,madame ,pasca4 ,i w proce$ 9 ord] ( s5iority4 ,! fir/ nam$ did n att5d ! lectures :5 ,i did1 b ,i (t5 he>d him m5tion$ 9 society :]e he attract$ att5tion by 8 r5d]+ ( ,dels>te's ,/anzas to ,et]nity1 ,pi]re ,dupont's ,hundr$ ,l\is d'or1 & _m o!r impressive or dramatic pieces4 ,i "k ! ma/] consid]$ him possess$ ( mu* aptitude & feel+ = art4 ,!y met "o ev5+ at a l>ge p>ty giv5 by a high (ficial ( ! day4 ,d>ci] sang well1 9 ,dels>te's op9ion2 b x 0 p]haps too well = a public made up ( fa%ionables1 n connoisseurs4 ,x takes some?+ m ?an tal5t to move !m1 ?\ght ! real judge1 annoy$2 & ) t acc5t famili> to well-br$ p1 :i* transfigures a triviality1 he said to ! s+]3 ,let !m h ! bread6 ,he ref]r$ to a political song end+ ) ^! l9es3 ,ye _c hu% ! moan ,( ! p :5 !y cry3 ',we hung] 444' ,= x is ! cry ( nature1 ,!y want bread1 bread1 bread6 ,! gue/s 7 =c$ to give ! att5tion :i* x dem&$ to ?is cry :i* ar\s$ ! idea ( rec5t s$itions1 & ! p]=m] came 9 = 8 %>e4 ,?is arti/ may /ill be he>d1 b 8 tal5ts are display$ 9 s n>r[ a circle t 8 reputation is a limit$ "o4 ,yet x is said t 8 compositions & 8 mode ( s++ !m atte/ to great vigor4 ,d>ci]1 x seems1 always reta9$ a /rong feel+ ( devotion = 8 ma/]4 ,he has be5 he>d to say3 ,i fe> b two ?+s--,dels>te & ?und]4 ,alfr$ ,giraudet jo9$ ! gr& op]a z primo basso cantante4 ,he 0 w>mly receiv$ by ! press1 & _h already won a "n at ! ,op]a ,comique & at conc]ts4 ,9 ?is s+] may be not$ ! firmness ( acc5t & s*ol>ly mode ( phras+1 always 9 h>mony ) ! prosody ( ! language1 :i* are "p ( ! tradition ( ! great s*ool4 ,he always be>s himself well on ! /age1 & ! sobriety ( 8 ge/ure is a salut>y example :i* "s ( 8 pres5t colleagues w\ld d well to imitate4 ,he1 too1 0 a loyal s\l2 he always reg>d$ x z an honor to be> ! title ( pupil ( ,dels>te1 ! latt] always writ+ to him z my de> & la/ disciple4 ,i owe _m ( ! memories & docum5ts us$ 9 ?is volume to 8 k9dness4 ,alfr$ ,giraudet always took 8 audi5ce captive :5 he sang ,malh]be's v]ses--music by ,reb]--( :i* ea* /rophe ends ) ! foll[+ l9es3 ,leave ^! vanities1 put !m f> beh9d u1 ',tis ,god :o gives u life1 ',tis ,god :om we %\ld love4 ,! broad1 su/a9$ /yle1 s appropriate to ! words ( ! melody1 f9ds a sympa!tic int]pret] 9 ! "y arti/4 ,dels>te gave ?is ) great mae/ria4 ,! f9ale1 p>ticul>ly1 always transports ! li/5]s4 ,if any "o c revive ! tradition ( ! ma/]'s tea*+s1 x is c]ta9ly ,giraudet1 :o und]/&s ! me?od & appreciates its high import4 ,madame ,pasca 0 "o ( ! late/ com]s2 h] adv5t 0 an ev5t4 ,!re 7 pupils 9 ! s*ool :o 7 de/9$ = ! !atre1 & !re 7 wom5 ( society2 ! future arti/ ( ! ,gymnase p>took ( bo? phases4 ,%e _h ! advantages ( a vocation & ( a c>eful education2 h] =tune all[$ h] to dress elegantly1 ) ! picturesqu5ess imp>t$ by arti/ic ta/e4 ,*ance1 or a pres5tim5t ( spe$y success1 l$ h] to take h] place1 on ! fir/ day1 v ne> ! ma/]1 9 a peculi> seat--a sort ( small1 l[ easy *air :i* inspir$ "o ) a s5se ( non*alance4 ,%e 0 9 full sight4 ,h] gaze1 pr(\nd & sombre at times1 roam$ ov] ! room ) ! natural air ( a m$itative que54 ,%e inspir$ all behold]s ) curiosity & int]e/4 ,! feel+ :i* %e ar\s$ 9 h] fell[-pupils 0 less di/9ct4 ,h] r>e advantages caus$ a vague fe> 9 ^? :o hi!rto _h securely held ! =emo/ rank2 h] beauty creat$ a s5se ( rivalry1 unconsci\s = ! mo/ "p1 & yet betray$ by c\ntless signs4 ,!re 0 a flutt] ( excitem5t ?r\gh\t ! s*ool4 ,?is increas$ :5 ! "y woman confirm$1 by h] fir/ ef=ts1 all t h] agreeable appe>ance & fasc9at+ voice _h promis$4 ,%e declaim$ a fragm5t f ,gluck's ,armida :i* o!r pupils sang2 a ^w suffic$ to *ange int]e/ to sympa?y4 ,t acc5t t\*$ all he>ts4 ,:at visible grief & :at a s5se ( suppress$ te>s :5 9 h] grave1 sl[ tones %e utt]$ ! phrase3 ,y leave me1 ,r9aldo6 ,oh1 mortal pa96 ,! ma/] soon obta9$ f ?is m>vell\s aptness1 :at is r>ely acquir$1 ev5 aft] long ye>s ( /udy3 dramatic effects free f all h9t ( *>latanism4 ,! di/+ui%+ po9t betwe5 ,madame ,pasca & ,madame ,b>bot is1 t ! latt]1 :ile obs]v+ all ! rules ( ! me?od avoid$ s]vile imitation4 ,dels>te 0 all ! m delight$ at 8 success1 because he _h reveal$ to 8 s*ol> h] true call+4 ,madame ,pasca came to him = s++-lessons1 b h] l>ge1 /rongly-m>k$ voice _h little range4 ,%e 0 direct$ t[>d ! art :i* %e aft]w>d practic$1 & began h] /udies ) trag$y4 ,"s idea ( :at %e did 9 ?is field may be =m$ f ! effect :i* %e produc$ 9 pa!tic sc5es1 :]e ! com$y all[$ h] s]i\s voice to %[ its p[] & p5etrat+ tone4 ,i ne$ n speak ( ,madame ,pasca's success at ! ,gymnase & abroad4 ,x is kn[n & und\bt$4 ,/ill %e lacks ! consecration ( ! /age :]e ,m>s & ,ra*el %one4 ,:5 ?is arti/ left ! s*ool to ent] ^u h] c>e]1 ,dels>te said to h]3 ,my de> *ild1 y w sp5d y\r life 9 aton+ = ! crime ( be+ my pupil4 ,he 0 "r1 = ,madame ,pasca has no place at ! ,francais yet4 ,i c speak f he>say m]ely1 ( ! lessons 9 elocution & declamation int5d$ = prea*]s--p>ticul>ly = ! fa!rs ( ! ,oratory1--nev] hav+ be5 pres5t at !m4 ,i only "k t ,fa!r ,monsabre & o!r fam\s ecclesia/ics took lessons f ,francois ,dels>te4 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,dels>te's ,musical ,compositions4 ,dels>te paid b little att5tion to musical composition2 /ill 8 musical works prove t he w\ld h succe$$ "h z else:]e1 _h he devot$ himself p>ticul>ly to ! task4 ,to say no?+ ( six f9e vocal ex]cises & a numb] ( songs :i* _h _! day1 8 ,/anzas to ,et]nity 7 highly popul>4 ,a mass by him 0 p]=m$ 9 sev]al *ur*es2 b 8 ,la/ ,judgm5t1 especially1 ranks him among s]i\s compos]s4 ,?is sett+ ( ! ,dies ,irae is t\*+ & sev]e2 ! melody is broad1 sombre1 ?reat5+2 ! accompanim5t rem9ds "o ( ! dull rattl+ ( ! skeletons reassum+ _! orig9al %ape4 ,"o seems to he> ! uneasy hum ( voices r\s$ f long sleep4 ,"o incid5t %[$ ! importance ( ?is "w4 ,v>i\s pieces ( conc]t$ music 7 be+ rehe>s$ "o night at ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,sulpice1 = p]=mance dur+ ! solemnity ( ! "w ( ,/4 ,francis de ,xavi]4 ,a close circle =m$ ar\nd ! musicians2 private conv]sation add$ a discordant note to ! h>mony2 ! *ur* e*o$ back ! foot/eps ( p walk+ to & fro4 ,! ,dies ,irae came6 ,! music at fir/ imitates ! angel trumpets :i*1 accord+ to ,*ri/ian belief1 are to be he>d :5 "t %all end4 ,! summons s\nd$ f\r times4 ,?is m\rnful *ant ( reawak5+ g5]ations in/antly sil5c$ e voice & e /ep2 all 7 motionless2 & ! solemn melody alone so>$ to ! vault$ ro(4 ,a t\*+ /ory is told ( ?is "w4 ,at a l>ge & miscellane\s ga!r+1 ,m4 ,donoso-,cortes1 a well-kn[n ,spani% publici/1 !n ambassador to ,p>is1 begg$ ,dels>te to s+ 8 ,dies ,irae4 ,a space 0 cle>$ 9 ! music-room4 ,! score ( ! symphony = voice & piano1 made by ,dels>te himself1 reta9s all 8 int5tions & effects1 to :i* 8 /rik+ voice add$ greatly4 ,dels>te began3 ,dies irae1 dies illa1 ,solvet saeclum 9 favilla1 ,te/e ,david cum sybilla4 ,! :ole assembly 7 tak5 captive4 ,m4 ,donoso-,cortes 0 p>ticul>ly mov$4 ,8 eyes fill$ ) te>s4 ,he 0 n q well t night4 ,a week lat] ! newspap]s invit$ ! fri5ds ( ! illu/ri\s /rang] to meet at ,/4 ,philippe-du-,r\le1 to witness 8 fun]al rites4 ,dels>te 0 pres5t2 ! *ur* 0 s hung ) black t ! *ori/]s 7 al>m$ = ! effect ( _! motets4 ,! arti/ recall$ ! reque/ made him ! previ\s week by ! ,spani% ambassador4 ,he felt z if t same voice came f ! bi] & begg$ him = "o m hymn to ! dead4 ,9 spite ( 8 emotion1 he (f]$ to s+ ! ,dies ,irae4 ,to obviate ! lack ( resonance1 ,dels>te sang--accord+ to 8 !ory 9 reg>d to ! laws ( ac\/ics1--)\t exp5diture ( s\nd1 almo/ mezza voce4 ,no "o 0 prep>$4 ,! li/5]s 7 all ! m ov]come by ^? tones 9 :i* ! fri5d's regrets p]vad$1 ) _! sweet unction1 ! ma/]ly diction ( ! s+]4 ,:5 8 olde/ daught] grew up1 ,dels>te seem$ to take a fancy to a diff]5t /yle ( composition4 ,he w\ld n give t "y s\l ! regul> rep]tory ( 8 pupils1 all passion & pr(ane love4 ,he wrote = ,m>ie words & music--c\plets :i* 7 nei!r romance nor song2 nor 7 !y q canticles1 al?\gh religion always lay at ! base ( !m4 ,i "k none b ,madame ,s& :o c be comp>$ to ,dels>te 9 v>iety ( feel+ & simplicity ev5 unto gr&eur4 ,i h (t5 obs]v$ a lik5ess &1 z x 71 a k9%ip betwe5 ^! great m9ds4 ,& yet ^! two great s\ls1 ^! two great spirits1 nev] ex*ang$ ideas4 ,! arti/ nev] receiv$ ! plaudits ( ! di/+ui%$ writ]4 ,bo? regrett$ x4 ,dels>te said3 ,i lack t sanction1 & ,madame ,s& wrote1 :5 he _h ceas$ to live3 ,i knew ,dels>te's wor?2 ,i (t5 int5d$ to g & he> him1 & "s circum/ance1 beyond my control1 always prev5t$4 ,! _w owes a debt to ,dels>te = collect+ "u ! title ,ar*ives ( ,song1 ! lyric gems ( ! ,,xvi1 ,,xvii1 & ,,xviii c5turies4 ,& also ! songs ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! prose hymns & an!ms ( ! *ur*1 arrang$ con=mably to ! h>monic type consecrat$ by ! olde/ traditions4 ,all ^! works1 he wrote 9 8 ann\ncem5t ( ! "w1 fai?fully copi$1 arrang$ = ! piano & transpos$ = conc]t p]=mance1 w f9ally be arrang$ & classifi$ 9 sep>ate volumes1 to suit v>i\s voices1 ages1 /yles1 s*ools1 etc41 ?us af=d+ subject matt] = a complete c\rse ( vocal /udies4 ,i d n ?9k t dea? all[$ ,dels>te to complete ?is va/ plan1 b x 0 p>tly f9i%$4 ,9 ! collection1 we f9d ! scatt]$ treasures ( an em95tly ,fr5* muse3 old songs pick$ up 9 ! prov9ces1 9 :i* wit & naive s5tim5tality dispute = prec$5ce4 ,all ?is /ill exi/s1 b :o c s+ z he did ! song beg9n+3 ,i 0 b fifte51 or ,lisette1 my love1 %all ,i =ev] langui%8 & s _m o!rs6 ,to expla9 ! inexpressible *>m :i* di/+ui%$ ,dels>te f all o!r s+]s1 a song/ress once said3 ,8 s++ contrives to give u ! s\l ( ! note4 ,! o!rs are arti/s1 b he is ! arti/4 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,dels>te's ,ev5+ ,lectures4 ,9 ,francois ,dels>te's s*ool !re 7 morn+ classes & ev5+ classes4 ,! =m] 7 m especially devot$ to ! !ory1 to lessons4 ,^? ( :i* ,i %all speak might be comp>$ to lectures1 to dramatic & musical meet+s4 ,a *oice public 0 always pres5t4 ,among !m 73 ,! compos]s ,reb] & ,g\nod2 ,doctor ,dailly1 ,madame de ,mey5dorf--a great ,russian lady1 ! fri5d ( art2 ,! ,pr9cess de ,*imay & ! ,pr9cess ,cz>toriska1 :o glid$ mode/ly 9 & took ! humble/ place2 ,madame ,blan*ecotte1 ^: *>m+ v]ses 7 cr[n$ by ! ,academy2 ,c\ntess d',haussonville1 a famili> "n2 ,m4 ,joly de ,bammeville1 "o ( ! exhibitors at ! ,exhibition ( ,retrospective ,arts1 9 #ahgh2 ,doriot1 ! sculptor2 ,madame de ,lam>t9e1 ,madame ,laure de ,leom5il1 a well-kn[n pa9t]2 ,madame de ,blocqueville1 daught] ( ,m>%al ,dav\t1 & au?or ( 8 biography2 a ?rong ( arti/s1 m5 ( lett]s & sci5ti/s2 c]ta9 orig9al figures ( ! p]iod4 ,on "o occasion we 7 jo9$ by a man ( "s celebrity--! *iromanci/ ,desb>olles4 ,dels>te _h ! c\rtesy to base 8 !ory lesson ^u ! latt]'s sy/em2 he po9t$ out its po9ts ( relation ) ! sum total ( ! con/itution ( ! human be+4 ,x 0 a lesson full ( _s & piquant allusions2 "o ( ^? *>m+ impromptus 9 :i* ,dels>te nev] fail$4 ,f "t to "t c]ta9 p]sons 9 cl]ical robes appe>$ 9 ! audi5ce2 ! au/]ity ( _! habit contra/+ some:at /rangely ) ! attire ( ! elegant wom51 m5 ( fa%ion & "y actors 9 _! appr5tice%ip ar\nd !m2 b matt]s always settl$ !mselves4 ,"o ev5+ "o ( ^! prie/s 0 9 a neighbor+ room1 ! doors ( :i* 7 op5 into ! draw+-room4 ,if ! songs seem$ too pr(ane1 he kept out ( sight2 b s soon z ! ^w ,god 0 pron\nc$ or a religi\s ?\ght 0 m+l$ ) a romance1 or op]atic aria1 ! s]vant ( ! alt> appe>$ boldly1 rejoic$ at ^! brief h>ve/s :i* all[$ him to enjoy ! :ole picture4 ,to give a correct idea ( "o ( ^! ev5+s1 ,i w copy an acc\nt :i* ,i h j writt5 "u ! head+ ( ,rec5t ,memories4 ,by half-pa/ eight1 almo/ all ! gue/s h assembl$4 ,a /ir is he>d 9 ! next room4 ,he is com+ 444 x is he6 is :isp]$ on e h&4 ,! ma/] ent]s1 foll[$ by 8 pupils4 ,almo/ at ! same in/ant a "y woman glides up to ! piano4 ,%e is to accompany ! s+]s2 %e ent]s furtively1 timidly1 z if %e 7 n ! mi/ress ( ! h\se4 ,%e is beautiful1 b %e does n wi% ?is to be notic$2 %e has mu* tal5t1 b %e disguises x by h] calm & sev]e /yle ( play+1 :i* does n prev5t critical e>s f not+ h] exactitude & precision1 comb9$ ) t r>e _s ( abnegation :i* is ! accompani/'s supreme virtue4 ,dels>te takes 8 place by ! piano2 8 att5tive gaze trav]ses ! assembly2 he ex*anges a smile1 a fri5dly ge/ure ) c]ta9 ( ! audi5ce :o are always mu* envi$4 ,at ?is mom5t he is grave1 s]i\s1 & z x 71 p5etrat$ by 8 responsibility to an audi5ce :o hang dev\tly on 8 lips4 ,! pr(essor beg9s by develop+ "s po9t 9 8 sy/em2 he gives ! law ( pose or ( ge/ure2 ! reasons = acc5t1 rhy?m or "s o!r detail connect$ ) ! syn!sis :i* he has evolv$4 ,he que/ions 8 s*ol>s4 ,! fir/ notes ( ! piano s]ve to m>k ! *ange to practical in/ruction4 ,! pupils s+ 9 turn4 ,! ma/] li/5s ) ! conc5trat$ att5tion peculi> to him2 ! expression ( 8 face expla9s ! nature ( ! rem>ks he is ab\t to make1 ev5 be=e he utt]s !m4 ,he po9ts out mi/akes1 he illu/rates !m4 ,little by little1 h[ev]1 8 dramatic g5ius is ar\s$4 ,a*illes seems to seize 8 weapons or ,agamemnon 8 sceptre4 ,! s*ol> is pu%$ aside1 ,dels>te takes 8 place4 ,!n ! arti/ is se5 to ! utmo/ advantage4 ,!re1 dress$ 9 ! va/1 %apeless coat :i* drapes itself ab\t him z he ge/iculates1 8 neck free f ! cravat :i* puts mod]n ,europeans 9 ! pillory1 & all[+ himself great] space ?an at 8 conc]ts--!re1 & !re alone1 is ,dels>te :olly himself4 ,! piano /rikes ! op5+ notes ( ! prelude1 & be=e ! arti/ has utt]$ a ^w1 he is transfigur$4 ,if he is s++ s]i\s op]a1 ! oval ( 8 face l5g!ns1 ! l9es become m fix$1 8 *eeks %r9k1 8 =ehead is light$ up & 8 eye fla%es ) inspiration2 ! pallor ( pr(\nd emotion p]vades 8 features1 ! some:at gross proportions ( 8 figure are disguis$ by ! firmness ( 8 pose & ! juv5ile precision ( 8 ge/ure4 ,! "p ( ,rob]t ! ,devil is "o ( ^? 9 :i* ,dels>te be/ develop$ ! res\rces & suppl5ess ( 8 g5ius4 ,rob]t is ! son ( a demon1 b 8 "m 0 a sa9t4 ,he loves ) s9c]e love2 b ev5 ?is love is subject to ! influ5ce ( ! evil _s2 h5ce1 ^! outbur/s foll[$ by su* t5d] remorse1 t he>t :i* melts into te>s aft] a fit ( rage4 ,rob]t is jeal\s1 less s ?an ,o!llo possibly1 b ,rob]t's jeal\sy is /imulat$ by inf]nal p[]s & mu/ diff] 9 its manife/ation4 ,x 0 9 ^! %ades ( di/9ction t ,dels>te's greatness 0 app>5t to e eye4 ,!n came ^? indescribable inflections--words :i* pi]c$ y\r he>t1 cold z a sword-blade3 ,come1 come6 says ,rob]t1 /riv+ to drag ,isabella away1 444 & t simple ^w 0 made frantic1 brea?less1 by ! acc5t accompany+ x4 ,no "o :o has n he>d ,dels>te utt] ! ^w rival c conceive ( all ! my/]ies ( hate & pa9 conta9$ 9 ! ^w4 ,9 ! trio f ,william ,tell1 aft] ! words1 has cut an old man's ?read ( life1 ,arnold feels t ,gessl] has _h 8 fa!r murd]$4 ,a fir/ & vague suspicion dawn$ on ! arti/'s face4 ,little by little1 ! impression became m m>k$1 a cle>] idea ( ?is mis=tune 0 %[n by pantomime2 8 eye 0 tr\bl$1 x k9dl$1 e feature que/ion$ bo? ,william & ,walt]2 ! actor's h&1 trembl+ & contract$1 0 /ret*$ t[>d !m & implor$ !m to speak m cle>ly4 ,he 0 horror-/rick5 at ! news he 0 to he>1 b unc]ta9ty 0 intol]able2 & :51 aft] ^! t\*+ prep>ations1 ,arnold himself tore away ! la/ %r$ ( d\bt1 :5 he utt]$ ! cry3 ,my fa!r6 !re 0 n a he>t--7 x ba!d 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,/yx--:i* did n melt f ! c\nt] %ock ( su* viol5t despair4 ,! effects ( rage1 hate1 irony1 ! t]rors ( remorse1 ! bitt]ness ( disappo9tm5t1 7 n ! only dramatic means 9 ! possession ( t arti/ :om ,madame ,sontag proclaim$ z ! greate/ kn[n s+]4 ,none c\ld express z did ,dels>te1 contemplation1 s]5ity1 t5d]ness--! dreams ( a sweet & simple s\l1 & ev5 ! div9e sill9ess ( innoc5t be+s4 ,wit & malice 7 equally easy = him to r5d]4 ,9 ! duet f ,c\nt ,ory3 ,once m ,i'll see ! beauty :om ,i love1 he 0 q z apt at int]pret+ ! hypocritical good-nature ( ! false h]mit z ! s5tim5tal playfulness ( ! love-lorn page4 ,9 8 s*ool ! comic /yle bore an impress ( propriety & di/9ction1 because x result$ f intellectual p]ceptions r ?an x express$ ! vulg> s5sations manife/$ by exagg]at$ c>icature & grimace4 ,dels>te ?us put 8 /amp ^u e /yle :i* he attempt$2 he r5ovat$ e "p4 ,he re/or$ ,gluck to life2 he reveal$ ,spont9i to himself4 ,! latt]--! illu/ri\s au?or ( ,f]n&o ,cortez--0 at a musical ent]ta9m5t :]e ,dels>te1 :om he _h nev] kn[n1 sang4 ,he _h drunk deep ( ! compos]'s inspiration3 he %[$ ?is 9 ! v fir/ phrase ( ! great air3 ,:i!r d ye ha/58 ,oh1 traitor\s race6 ,he sang ) su* vigor\s acc5t1 su* great mae/ria1 t--9 ! m\? ( ,montezuma--! words mu/ h suffic$ to rally ! ,mexican army f its r\t4 ,he gave ! cantabile3 ,oh c\ntry1 oh spot s full ( *>m6 ) indescribable sadness2 desolation & despair seem$ to fill 8 s\l1 & :5 ! conqu]$ man invok$ ! spirits ( 8 ance/ors3 ,%all ,i say to ! %ad[s ( my fa!rs1 ,arise--& leave y\r gloomy tomb6 x seem$--s p[]ful 0 ! adjuration--z if ! audi5ce mu/ see ! sepul*re op5 on ! spot :i* ! s+] & actor indicat$ by 8 ge/ure & 8 gaze4 ,su* pr(\nd k1 sublime tal5t1 t]rify+ effects & contra/s s skilfully manag$1 & yet s natural 9 _! transition1 /rongly mov$ ! compos]4 ,d y "k t y made me tremble8 ,dels>te said to him aft] he _h sang4 ,d y "k t y made me weep8 repli$ ,spont9i1 *>m$ to see 8 "w rais$ to su* proportions4 ,dels>te 0 always ma/] ( himself1 h[ev] impassion$ he appe>$4 ,(t51 9 8 lessons1 :5 e s\l hung ^u 8 acc5ts1 he w\ld /op abruptly & re/ore ! "p to 8 pupil4 ,!n1 z if a magic w& _h t\*$ him1 all ! attributes ( ! p]sonage :o _h liv$ 9 him1 vani%$4 ,8 face1 8 =m1 8 be>+ resum$ _! usual appe>ance4 ,! arti/ disappe>$1 & ! pr(essor quietly resum$ 8 place1 )\t seem+ to notice t ! audi5ce--/ill %ak5 by ! emotions !y _h felt--blam$ him = ?is too prompt metamorphosis4 ,yet ,dels>te 0 z agreeable a tea*] z he 0 a m>vel\s arti/4 ,8 in/ruction 0 enliv5$ by c\ntless unexpect$ fla%es2 8 sallies 7 z quick z gunp[d]4 ,i die6 languidly sang a t5or4 ,y sleep6 said ! ma/]4 ,come1 lady fair6 exclaim$ ano!r s+]4 ,if y call h] 9 t voice1 y may believe t %e w nev] come6 ,don't make a public-cri] ( y\r ,a*illes1 said ! ma/] to "s "o ) a ri* organ1 giv5 ov] to its own uncultivat$ p[]4 ,all ?ree smil$4 ,! "o tri$ to die m fitly2 ! o!r to call 8 lady fair 9 m s$uctive acc5ts4 ,! petulant outbur/ ( ! ma/] taught !m m ?an _m a long diss]tation4 ,dels>te made great use ( 8 p[] ( imitat+ a defect2 he ev5 exagg]at$ x s t ! s*ol>1 see+ x reflect$ z 9 a magnify+-glass1 m readily p]ceiv$ 8 insuffici5cy or 8 exagg]ation4 ,if ?is mode ( proc$ure 0 some:at try+ to s5sitive vanity1 x 0 easy to see its advantages4 ,! ma/]'s c5sure1 moreov]1 0 ( t in(f5sive & k9dly "* :i* is its own ju/ification4 ,x 0 a criticism gov]n$ by gaiety4 ,dels>te laugh$ at himself q z readily z at ! ridicul\s p]=mances :i* he c>icatur$1 if opportunity (f]$4 ,& if by *ance any pupil less h>d5$ to ^! assaults 0 intimidat$ or di/ress$1 consolation 0 quick to foll[4 ,i rememb] t a "y girl gave rise to "o ( ^! /rik+ imitations4 ,dels>te put su* an irresi/ible com$y into x1 t ! audi5ce 0 seiz$ ) an uncontrolable fit ( mir?4 ,! ma/]'s mimicry _h f> m to d ) ?is ?an ! poor girl's awkw>dness4 ,b %e did n und]/& ?is4 ,h] he>t sank at ?is h>% m]rim5t & te>s ru%$ to h] eyes4 ,:at is ! matt]1 ask$ ,dels>te2 :y are y s di/urb$8 ,among ! p]sons ^: laught] y he>1 ,i d n ?9k !re is "o :o s+s z well z y d6 ,i exagg]at$ y\r mi/ake to make y aw>e ( x2 b y did y\r "w 9 a way t 0 v satisfactory to all b y\r tea*]4 ,speak+ ( ?is irony temp]$ by m]cy1 ,i recollect t ,dels>te1 aft] a great success1 0 once complim5t$ by ! s+] ,p41 ^: popul>ity f> exce$$ t ( ! lyric ,talma4 ,& yet y h giv5 me lessons1 said ,dels>te1 emphasiz+ ! ^w yet4 ,well6 9 su* circum/ances ,dels>te %[$ nei!r ! pride nor ! malici\s _s :i* might be imput$ to him2 8 m9d seiz$ a contra/ :i* amus$ him1 & 8 face int]pret$ x1 b 8 voice rema9$ s(t & fri5dly2 =1 9 spite ( 8 bit+ wit & cutt+ phrases1 8 feel+s 7 easily t\*$ & 8 he>t 0 truly ri* 9 sympa?y4 ,dels>te sang a great deal dur+ 8 lessons2 & p]haps he ga9$1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! voice1 by conf9+ himself to fragm5ts2 seiz+ ! opportune mom5t1 & 8 voice n hav+ _h "t to be tir$1 he c\ld give1 = a relatively long space1 ! cle>1 r++ tones necess>y = brilliant pieces4 ,!n 8 vocalization--:i* has only a me*anical value ) mo/ s+]s--became sobs1 satanic laught]1 delirium1 & t]ror4 ,!n1 too1 ?anks to proximity1 ! mo/ delicate tones c\ld be he>d to ! extreme limits ( ! smorz&o1 /ill pres]v+ t slightly veil$ timbre unique 9 its *>m1 ! my/]i\s int]pret] ( inf9ite sweetness & unspeakable t5d]ness4 ,"o might p]haps h made a complete analysis ( ,dels>te f he>+ him s+ "s dramatic song1 b let him give ,eleaz>'s air f ,! ,jewess3 ,ra*el1 :5 ! ,"l1 or t ( ,joseph3 ,pat]nal fields1 ,hebron1 sweet vale1-- let ! arti/ give ?is 9 a quiet /yle1 z putt+ a mute ^u 8 voice1 & ! obs]v] =got 8 "p2 he foll[$ ! entranc+ melody z f> z x w\ld lead him into ! realms ( ! ineffable :5ce he return$ ) ! fasc9ation ( memory & ! sorr[ ( exile4 ,let no "o cry t ?is is hyp]bole6 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable accompani/s 9 ,p>is1 an atta*e ( ! ,op]a ,comique1 ,m4 ,bazile1 0 once s ov]come by emotion 9 accompany+ ,dels>te t = "s seconds ! piano fail$ to d its duty4 ,i might rec\nt numb]less pro(s ( admiration equal to m9e4 ,"o ev5+1 at a lecture1 ! lesson turn$ ^u a song f ,william ,tell3 ,be motionless1 & to ! gr\nd ,incl9e a suppliant knee4 ,= /age effect1 ,dels>te call$ 9 "o ( 8 *ildr51 ab\t eight or n9e ye>s old4 ,! subject is well kn[n3 ,william has be5 condemn$ to /rike f a di/ance1 ) ! tip ( 8 arr[1 an apple plac$ on ! head ( 8 *ild4 ,william bids ! *ild pray to ,god1 & implores him n to /ir4 ,rev]s+ ! action ( all actors :om we usually see1 ! arti/ recit$ ! fragm5t 9 a :olly conc5tric fa%ion2 he did n declaim2 he made no ge/ure t[>d ! audi5ce2 b :at emotion 9 8 voice1 & h[ 8 gaze hov]$ ov] & ar\nd ! de> creature :o 0 p]haps to be =ev] lo/ to him6 ,he call$ ! *ild to him1 he press$ him to 8 he>t2 he laid 8 h&s on t "y head4 ,8 c>esses _h ! l+]+ sl[ness ( supreme & f9al ?+s1 ! solemnity ( a la/ b5$iction4 ,?is po9t ( /eel may t]rify ?9e eyes6 says ! text1 & ! trag$ian1 enl>g+ ! mean+ ( ! words by inflection & acc5t1 %[$ t ?is preci\s life hung on a ?read & dep5d$ on ! firmness ( 8 h&4 ,at ! la/ phrase3 ,jemmy1 ,jemmy1 ?9k ( ?y "m1 ,%e :o awaits u bo? at home6 8 voice became pa!tic to su* a degree t x 0 difficult to endure x4 ,! *ild1 :o _h re/ra9$ himself dur+ ! tirade1 began to sob4 ,all eyes 7 full ( te>s4 ,"o lady fa9t$4 ,at conc]ts 8 triumph 0 ! same on a l>g] scale4 ,i w give b "o anecdote4 ,a man ( lett]s1 :o 0 also a skill$ physician1 said to ,dels>te3 ,d y "k1 sir1 t ,i made y\r acqua9tance 9 a v /range way8 ,i 0 at ! ,h]z ,hall1 at y\r conc]t4 ,y\r voice & s++ s agitat$ me t ,i 0 =c$ to leave ! room1 feel+ oppress$ & almo/ fa9t4 ,?is impressionable li/5] ref]r$ to a day memorable 9 ! annals ( ! ma/]4 ,dels>te--he sang c]ta9 airs writt5 = wom5 9 ,gluck's op]as--_h select$ ,clytemne/ra's song3 ,a prie/1 encircl$ by a cruel ?rong1 ,%all on my daught] lay 8 guilty h&4 ,j z ?is mat]nal despair rea*$ its p>oxysm1 ! arti/ rais$ bo? h&s to 8 head & rema9$ 9 ! mo/ /rik+ attitude possible to ov]:elm+ grief4 ,l\d applause bur/ f e "p ( ! hall2 !re 0 a fr5zy1 a delirium ( en?usiasm4 ,at ! same "t1 a viol5t /orm bur/ outside2 ! ro>+ ?und]1 ! ra9 beat+ 9 floods ^u ! w9d[s1 ! fla%+ lightn+ :i* turn$ ! gas-lights pale1 =m$ a trem5d\s or*e/ra = ,gluck's music1 & a fanta/ic frame = ! sublime actor4 ,!n1 z if cru%$ by 8 glory1 he prolong$ t m>vel\s effect1 & /ood a mom5t z if annihilat$ by ! frantic & tumultu\s %\ts ( ! audi5ce4 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,dels>te's ,inv5tions4 ,dels>te always _h 8 fa!r's prop5sity to devote himself to me*anics t he might apply 8 k ( !m to new ?+s4 ,:5 he felt 8 arti/ic abilities1 n gr[+ less1 b _! pla/ic expression becom+ m difficult1 ow+ to ! cruel w>n+s ( 8 dep>t+ y\?1 ?is t5d5cy t[>d occupations m especially intellectual1 became m m>k$4 ,x may be helpful "h to note t a ma*9e--t positive & mo/ mat]ial ( all ?+s--is ! ?+ ^: creation requires =ce ( und]/&+ 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,! bra91 t liv+ ma*9e1 l5ds its aid to ! intellect2 x repres5ts ! physical side2 x is ! spot :]e ! "w is c>ri$ on4 ,feel+ has no "p 9 ! intellectual acts :i* "w toge!r 9 me*anical production1--ma!matics play+ ! pr9cipal "p1--x has no o!r %>e1 ,i say1 b to inspire c]ta9 p]sons ) a passionate ta/e = ab/ract /udies1 :i* leads !m t[>d useful & glori\s discov]ies4 ,?us1 ?is ?\ght ( ,dels>te & ,pi]re ,l]\x seems to be ju/ifi$3 t1 9 no case1 c man break 8 ess5tial triplicity4 ,dels>te1 moreov]1 by *ang+ ! direction ( 8 faculties1 or r by displac+ ! dom9ant1 affirm$ 8 fre$om ( w4 ,if he did n always class himself ) ! /rong1 he /ill lov$ to reign ov] himself 9 ! omnipot5ce ( 8 w4 ,! arti/ became an inv5tor2 he took out lett]s-pat5t = v>i\s discov]ies1 among o!rs = an in/rum5t ( precision applicable to a/ronomical obs]vations4 ,compet5t p]sons h recogniz$ ! great value ( ?is inv5tion1 conceiv$ )\t previ\s /udy1 & :i* rema9s hidd5 among ! pap]s ( "s (ficial4 ,only "o ( 8 me*anical conceptions 0 ev] really put to practical use1 t ( ! ,guide-accord2 x ga9$ him a gold m$al at ! ,exhibition ( #ahee2 ,dubl9 aw>d$ x ! same praise4 ,b]lioz wrote ( ?is inv5tion1 9 8 book entitl$1 ,a ,trav]s ,*ants3 ,m4 ,dels>te has made piano tun+ easi] by means ( an in/rum5t :i* he calls ! phonopticon4 ,any "o :o w take ! tr\ble to use x w f9d t x produces su* absolute correctness1 t ! mo/ practic$ e> c\ld n atta9 to simil> p]fection4 ,?is ,guide-accord _c fail to ga9 spe$y popul>ity4 ,on read+ ^! l9es1 "o is tempt$ to say3 ,"h is an op5-he>t$ writ]2 "o likes ?is outbur/ 9 reg>d to a man :o 0 9 "s s5se 8 bro!r-arti/4 ,b :at are we to ?9k ( ?is critic1 :5 we reflect t 9 ?is same book1 :]e he exalts ! inv5tor1 he nev] seems to rememb] ,dels>te ! reveal] ( a law1 ! creator ( a sci5ce1 ! di/+ui%$ tea*]1 ! fam\s arti/4 ,he has r5d]$ all piani/s a great s]vice by inv5t+ ?is in/rum5t1 says ! au?or ( ,a ,trav]s ,*ants1 & t is all4 ,& he calls him ,monsieur ,dels>te1 z if he 7 "s unkn[n musical in/rum5t mak] or deal]6 ,_h ! au?or ( ,william ,tell or ,aida vex$ him1 he w\ld h spok5 ( !m z ,m4 ,ross9i1 ,m4 ,v]di6 ,& yet he knew all ab\t ! man :om he seem$ anxi\s to ext+ui%1 = x 0 he :o1 9 a musical criticism1 wrote1 among o!r praises3 ,x is impossible to imag9e sup]ior execution2 & else:]e3 ,he r5d]s ! ?\ghts ( ! great ma/]s ) su* brilliancy & /r5g?1 t _! ma/]pieces are made accessible to ! mo/ /ubborn intellect & ! mo/ h>d5$ s5sibilities are r\s$ by 8 tones4 ,:at _h happ5$ to make ! au?or ( ! ,pilgrims' ,m>* s oblivi\s ( 8 own admiration8 ,i h he>d t ! two musicians qu>rel$ z to ! int]pretation ( a passage by ,gluck1 & t a correspond5ce mu* resembl+ a lit]>y w>f>e1 foll[$4 ,c\ld ?is ju/ify defection8 ,p]haps a desire to /ifle ?is glory1 !reby to l5d m lu/re to "s meteor or />1 _h "s %>e 9 ?is suppos$ motive4 ,at any rate1 ! affair is n to ! honor ( ,b]lioz4 ,we %\ld nev] d5y1 :atev] may happ51 ! j judgm5t :i* we h utt]$4 ,direct or indirect1 ! rivalries ( arti/s are to be regrett$ = ! sake ( art itself1 :i* lives on noble s5tim5ts & high ?\ghts4 ,al?\gh we may laugh at ! inconsequ5ce ( a critic :o ext+ui%es ) "o h& t :i* ! o!r h& br\ght to light1 we _c repress a deep feel+ ( sadness :5 we see ^u :at reputation too (t5 dep5ds1 & :5 we ask ourselves h[ mu* we are to believe ( ! op9ions ( c]ta9 *ronicl]s4 ,! fact :i* ,i h j quot$ is ! m surpris+1 inasmu* z ,b]lioz (t5 drew 8 inspiration f ! me?od (1 & f c]ta9 modes ( expression peculi> to ,dels>te4 ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,dels>te be=e ! ,philote*nic ,association4#h ,x 0 9 #ahfe t ,dels>te 0 he>d 9 public = ! la/ "t4 ,! meet+ took place at ! ,sorbonne :]e ! lectures ( ! ,philote*nic ,society 7 !n giv54 ,i see him be=e me n[ ) 8 /rong p]sonality1 8 captivat+ & p]suasive spee*1 8 m9d ) its incisive fla%es2 b a visible melan*oly sway$ him & 0 to foll[ him ?r\gh ! v>iety & contra/s ( ! subjects on 8 program4 ,& fir/1 he takes pleasure 9 proclaim+ to all ! tale ( 8 mi/akes4 ,/ill "y 9 he>t & 9 m9d1 x seems z if 9 giv+ up hope on e>?1 he toll$ ! knell ( all ! en*antm5ts t 7 pass$ & gone2 t creative head f]m5t+ ) ! ardor ( discov]y seems to d\bt ! future & b[ b5ea? ! burd5 ( a sombre submission4 ,& yet he is surr\nd$ by pick$ m5 :o admire him1 by wom51 "y1 beautiful1 brilliant1 eag] to he> him1 z ( old2 b he is n deceiv$ by all ?is4 ,a magic spell has vani%$2 sympa?y is n d5i$ him1 b p]haps he feels x to be less t5d]1 less affectionate ?an 9 ! radiant days ( 8 y\?4 ,?is expla9s h[1 9 ! c\rse ( t ev5+1 a recrudesc5ce ( ,*ri/ian feel+ m ?an once tore him away f ! und5iable ass]tions ( sci5ce1 n to drag him d[n to ! pu]ilities ( ! lett]1 b to draw him up into ! cl\ds ( !ology1 :5ce hope ( a future life1 ! consolation ( f>ewell h\rs1 smil$ ^u him4 ,b if ,dels>te appe>$ depress$1 he 0 n to be conqu]$4 ,8 re/less _s betray$ him to ^? :om 8 my/ic f]vor might h misl$4 ,_m p]sons1 he said1 feel confid5t t !y are to he> me recite or s+4 ,no?+ ( ! sort1 g5tlem52 ,i %all n recite1 & ,i %all n s+1 because ,i desire less to %[ y :at ,i c d1 ?an to tell y :at ,i "k4 ,soon a wond]ful *ange pass$ ov] him4 ,x seem$ z if he _h be5 cov]$ ) a%es = an in/ant1 only to come =? 9 a m dazzl+ light4 ,h>dly _h 8 audi5ce felt a slight s5se ( revolt at ! words3 ,i %all n s+1 ?an !y f\nd !mselves 9 ! pres5ce ( an orator n inf]ior to ! greate/ 9 ! =ce ( 8 images1 & :o1 ) all 8 s]i\s & pa!tic eloqu5ce1 nev] =got ! /udi$ t\*es ( ! poet1 or ! da9ty /yle ( ! arti/4 ,b ,i w n delay my read] to li/5 to me6 ,x is ,dels>te himself :o %\ld be he>d4 ,i w give a few extracts3 ,i c\nt1 he said1 on ! novelty1 ! absolute novelty1 ( ! ?+s :i* ,i %all tea* y3 ,art is ! subject ( ?is conv]sation4 ,art is div9e 9 its pr9ciple1 div9e 9 its ess5ce1 div9e 9 its action1 div9e 9 its aim4 ,ah6 g5tlem51 !re are no pleasures at once m la/+1 m noble & m sacr$ ?an ^? ( ,art4 ,let u glance ar\nd u3 n a pleasure :i* is n foll[$ by disappo9tm5t or satiety2 n a joy :i* does n entail "s tr\ble2 n an affection :i* does n conceal "s bitt]ness1 "s grief1 & (t5 "s remorse6 ,ev]y?+ is disappo9t+ to man4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t him *anges & passes away4 ,ev]y?+ betrays him2 ev5 8 s5ses1 s closely alli$ to 8 be+ & to :i* he sacrifices ev]y?+1 l fai?less s]vants1 betray him 9 _! turn2 &1 to use an expression n[ b too famili>1 !y g on a /rike1 & f t /rike1 g5tlem51 !y nev] return4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! con/itu5t elem5ts ( ! body soon] or lat] break into op5 rebellion1 & t5d to fly f ea* o!r z if fill$ ) mutual horror4 ,b "u ! a%es a y\?ful s\l /ill lives1 & "o ^: p]petual y\? is torture2 = t s\l loves1 9 spite ( ! disappo9tm5ts ( its h>d exp]i5ce2 x loves because x is "y2 x loves j because x is a s\l & x is its natural condition to love4 ,su* is ! s\l1 g5tlem54 ,well6 = ?is poor1 solit>y & desolate s\l1 !re are /ill unutt]able joys2 joys n to be measur$ by all :i* ?is _w c (f]4 ,^! joys are ! gift ( ,art4 ,no "o gr[s old 9 ! realms ( ,art4 ,aft] a pung5t criticism ( ! (ficial tea*+ ( art z hi!rto practic$1 ,dels>te expla9$ ! *ief elem5ts ( ae/hetics4 ,he said3 ,a,esthetics1 h5ce=? fre$ f all conjecture1 w be truly e/abli%$ "u ! /rict =ms ( a positive sci5ce4 ,b1 z 9 ! c\rse ( 8 lecture he _h m ?an once t\*$ ! giddy regions ( sup]naturalism1 ?is =mula seem$ a contradiction to c]ta9 m9ds1 yet en?usia/ic applause greet$ ! orator f all p>ts ( ! hall4 ,"o pap]1 ,l',union1 said 9 ?is connection3 ,m4 ,dels>te is a spontane\s s\l1 8 m9d is at once ,*ri/ian & free1 8 only passion is ! proselytism ( ! ,beautiful1 & ?is is ! *>m ( 8 spee*4444,i d n ass]t t ev]y?+ 9 x %\ld be ( an absolute rigor ( philosophy1 etc4 ,! same pap] says else:]e3 ,all ^! !ories are new1 orig9al1 +5i\s1 9 a ^w1 felicit\s4 ,are !y und5iably true8 ,:at ,i c affirm is t none d\bt x :o he> ! ma/] make v>i\s applications ( !m by examples4 ,dels>te is an irresi/ible en*ant]4 ,! opposition ( pr9ciples ) :i* he is reproa*$1 ^! d\bts ( ! /r5g? ( 8 logic1 w be greatly dim9i%$ if ?is po9t ( view be tak53 t ,dels>te trac$ back an assur$ sci5ce1 t he d$uc$ f ! faculties ( man ! hypo!sis t ^! faculties are conta9$ 9 ess5ce & 9 ! full p[] ( _! developm5t1 9 an ar*etype :i*1 to 8 m9d1 is no o!r ?an ! ,div9e ,tr9ity4 ,plato's ideal 9 ae/hetics & 9 philosophy 0 simil> al?\gh less precise4 ,!re is a say+ t ,italians h two s\ls4 ,9 ,dels>te !re 7 two di/9ct types1 ! !i/ic philosoph] & ! sci5ti/4 ,n[1 ! philosoph] c\ld give himself up to ! /udy ( causes & _! f9ality1 t faculty be+ allott$ to ! m5tal activity2 he c\ld ev51 )\t giv+ ! sci5ti/ cause = compla9t1 make1 or admit1 speculative !ories reg>d+ ! end & aim ( art1 provid$ t ! sci5tific "p ( ! sy/em 0 nei!r d5i$ nor dim9i%$ !reby4 ,& is !re n a c]ta9 k9%ip betwe5 sci5ce & hypo!sis :i* admits ( _! walk+ abrea/ )\t conflict+8 ,dels>te1 z we h se51 r>ely left 8 audi5ce )\t w9n+ ! sympa?y ( e memb] ( x4 ,at ! meet+ ( :i* ,i speak1 he va/ly amus$ 8 he>]s by an anecdote4 ,he d\btless wi%$ to cle> away ! cl\ds caus$ by t "p ( 8 disc\rse :i*1 by 8 own confession1 _h a good deal ( ! s]mon ab\t x4 ,i w repeat ! tale1 a little exagg]at$ p]haps1 b /ill v piquant1 :i* d\btless won 8 p>don = ^? p>ts ( 8 spee* :i* might h be5 = v>i\s reasons blam$1 misund]/ood or b half und]/ood6 ,! /ory 0 ( f\r pr(essors :o1 hav+ exam9$ him1 _h ea*1 9 turn1 he said1 adm9i/]$ ^u 8 ,dels>te's *eeks sm>t slaps to ! colleagues by ^: advice he _h pr(it$ 9 previ\s lessons4 ,! foll[+ l9es 7 ! subject ( ! lesson3 ,nor gold nor greatness make u ble/2 ,^? two div9ities to our pray]s c grant ,b goods unc]ta9 & a pleasure insecure4 ,! fir/ tea*] to :om ,i turn$ decl>$ !re 0 b "o way to recite !m prop]ly1 & ?is s+le me?od1 y ( c\rse p]ceive1 g5tlem51 c\ld be only 8 own4 ',^? l9es1' said he1 'mu/ be recit$ ) bread?1 ) dignity1 ) nobl5ess4 ,li/56' ,^u :i* my in/ructor began to declaim 9 8 mo/ sonor\s1 mo/ magi/]ial tones4 ,he rais$ 8 eyes to heav51 r\nd$ 8 ge/ures & /ruck a h]oic attitude4 ',%[ y\rself1' he resum$ 7aft] ?is demon/ration71 'by ! elevation ( y\r mann]s1 wor?y ( ! lessons ,i h giv5 y4' ',ah6' ,i exclaim$1 'at la/ ,i possess ! noble mann] ( r5d]+ ^! f9e l9es4' ,next day1 hav+ practic$ ! noble mann] to ! utmo/ ( my ability1 ,i w5t to my second pr(essor1 fully p]suad$ t ,i %\ld he> no?+ b congratulations4 ,well6444 ,i _h h>dly end$ ! second l9e1 :5 a %rug ( ! %\ld]s accompani$ by a t]rible bur/ ( laught]1 v mortify+ to my noble mann]1 clos$ my m\? abruptly4 ',:at d y mean by t emphatic tone8 ,:at is all ?is bomba/ic s]mon ab\t8 ,:at mann]s are ^!8 ,my fri5d1 y are grotesque4 ,^? l9es %\ld be repeat$ simply1 naturally & ) ! utmo/ artlessness4 ,rememb] t x is ! good ,la ,fonta9e :o speaks6 acc5t+ ea* syllable !-good-,la-,fon-ta9e--d y he>8 ,!re is b "o way possible to r5d] ! l9es fai?fully4 ,li/5 to me4' ,"h ! pr(essor tapp$ 8 snuff-box1--compress$ 8 lips1 dropp$ ! corn]s ( 8 m\? 9 an ironical fa%ion1 slightly contract+ 8 eyes1 lift+ 8 eyebr[s1 mov+ 8 head five or six times f "r to left1 & began ! l9es 9 a firm & some:at nasal tone4 ,ah6 ,i cri$1 amaz$1 '!re is no o!r way 444 :at wond]ful artlessness1 simplicity & tru? to nature6' ,s ,i set to "w ^u a new basis1 say+ to myself3 ',n[1 at la/1 ,i h got ! natural /yle :i* fits ! _s ( ?is *>m+ "w4 ,i am v curi\s to "k ! impression :i* ,i %all make to-morr[ on my ?ird tea*]4' ,! mom5t came4 ,i /ruck an attitude into :i* ,i introduc$ ! elliptic expressions %[n to me ! day be=e1 & ) ! confid5ce inspir$ 9 me by a s5se ( ! naturalness ) :i* ,i 0 p]vad$1 ,i began3 ',nor gold nor great4444' ',wret*6' cri$ my ?ird pr(essor4 ',:at d y mean by t s5ile mann]1 t t>t voice6 ,:at a ,cass&ra-l tone6 ,y disgrace ^? beautiful l9es1 mis]able fell[6' ',b1 sir4444' ',b1 b1 b4 ,i w drop y f ! li/ ( my pupils1 if y d>e to utt] a rem>k6 ,y c d v well :5 y wi%6 ,b e n[ & !n y are subject to c]ta9 ecc5tric flights4 ,y sometimes imitate ,x---- well en\gh to be mi/ak5 = him2 !n y are dete/able1 = y *ange y\r nature1 & ,i w n p]mit x4 ,besides1 x is a vulg> type4 ,/ay1 y look$ l him j !n1 & x 0 hide\s4 ',n[1 li/51 & be> my lesson well 9 m9d3 !re is b "o prop] way ( recit+ ^? l9es1 d y he>8 ,!re is b "o way1 & ?is is x4' ,"h1 my pr(essor took a p5sive attitude3 !n1 z if cru%$ by ! weight ( "s melan*oly memory1 he ca/ sl[ly ar\nd him a look 9 :i* ! bitt]ness ( a deep disappo9tm5t 0 pa9t$4 ,he heav$ a sigh1 rais$ 8 eyes to heav51 /ill keep+ 8 head b5t1 & began 9 a grave1 muffl$ & su/a9$ voice3 ',nor gold nor greatness4444' ',see1' said my ma/]1 ') :at art ,i manage to create a pa!tic situation out ( ^? l9es6 ,t is :at y %\ld imitate6' ',ah6 my de> ma/]1 y are "r2 t is ! only read+ wor?y ( t ma/]piece4 ,heav5s1 h[ beautiful6' ,i said to myself2 'decid$ly1 my noble tea*] & my natural tea*] und]/ood no?+ ab\t ?is "w4 ,:at an effect ,i %all make to-morr[ at my f\r? pr(essor's class6' ,alas6 a fre% disappo9tm5t await$ me at ! h&s ( my f\r? ma/]4 ,he 01 p]haps1 ev5 m pitiless ?an ! o!rs to all ! mean+s t ,i /rove to express4 ',:y1 my poor boy1' said he1 ':]e ! deuce did y hunt up su* mean+s8' ,:at a sepul*ral tone6 ,:at is ! mean+ ( t cav]n\s voice8 ,& :y t m\rnful dumb %[8 ,heav5 =give me6 x is melodrama t y (f] u6 y h done no great ?+4 ,y h completely crippl$ poor ,la ,fonta9e4' ',alas6 alas6' said ,i to myself1 'is my dramatic tea*] z absurd z ! o!r two8' ,aft] ! ?ree prec$+ imitations1 j z ! audi5ce _h rea*$ ! height ( m]rim5t1 ! /ory-tell] /opp$4 ,i w excuse y1 g5tlem51 f ! reason+s ( my f\r? pr(essor1 = ,i d n wi% to prolong my disc\rse indef9itely4 ,if ?is retreat 0 an orator's artifice--:i* may well be1--x 0 a complete success4 ,!re 0 a %\t3 ,! f\r?6 ! f\r?6 ,well1 g5tlem51 ! f\r?1 l ! o!r ?ree1 claim$ t 8 0 ! only correct /yle3 ,i made no di/9ction betwe5 v]se & prose1 ?us foll[+ ! false me?od rec5tly e/abli%$ by ! ,!atre-,francais4 ,to 8 m9d ! cad5ce ( ! v]se & ! euphonic *>m %\ld outweigh e o!r int]e/4 ,! pauses :i* ,i made de/roy$ its measure4 ,i _h no idea ( caesura1 my ge/ures de/roy$ its h>mony1 etc41 etc4 ,8 p$agogic mann] _h no?+ 9 common ) t ( 8 bre?r54 ,?is episode 0 n a m]e witticism on ,dels>te's "p2 he int5d$ x to prove 8 con/ant ass]tion--& ) p]si/5t "r1--t previ\s to 8 discov]y1 art1 de/itute ( law & ( sci5ce1 _h _h none b *ance successes4 ,dels>te clos$ ?is session by a summ>y ( ! law & ! sci5ce :i* ,i h set =? 9 ?is book2 b ,i mu/ say x 0 at ?is mom5t especially t he seem$ anxi\s t 8 religi\s convictions %\ld pr(it by 8 arti/ic weal?2 all outside ! sph]e ( rational demon/ration is treat$ f a l(ty /&po9t1 x is true1 & is fre$ f ! commonplac5ess ( ! lett]1 b we c recognize none b a poetic & lit]>y m]it 9 x4 ,x is to ?is latt] p]iod ( 8 exi/5ce t _m w d\btless try to fa/5 ! syn!sis ( ?is great p]sonality2 b if any "o wi%es to ga9 an idea ( ,francois ,dels>te1 ( 8 ability1 ! ext5t ( 8 views1 ! p[] ( 8 reason1 ! graces ( 8 m9d1 8 arti/ic p]fection1 x is 9 8 law1 9 8 sci5ce1 9 ! memories :i* 8 lectures & 8 conc]ts left 9 ! press ( ! "t1 t su* an "o mu/ seek to und]/& him4 ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,dels>te's ,la/ ,ye>s4 ,be=e conclud+ ^! essays1 my homage to ! innovat+ _s1 ! mat*less art1 ! sympa!tic & g5]\s nature ( ,francois ,dels>te1 ,i make a f9al appeal to my memory1 &1 fir/1 ,i invoke afre% ! te/imony ( o!rs4 ,la ,patrie1 ,june #ah1 #aheg1 says 9 an en?usia/ic & l5g?y article3 ,8 deep k1 8 incessant labors1 8 long & fatigu+ /udies1 h n all[$ 8 life to pass unnot$2 b al?\gh great r5[n1 atta*$ 9 a %ort space to 8 "n1 has suffic$ = ! legitimate dem&s ( 8 pride1 x has done no?+1 x mu/ be own$1 to provide = ! wants :i* ! neglig5ces ( g5ius d n always =esee4 ,!n1 apropos ( ,gluck & o!r unappreciat$ compos]s ( g5ius1 ! au?or ( ! article1 ,franck ,m>ie1 goes on3 ,) ! confid5ce to :i* ,i rec5tly ref]r$1 ,dels>te has und]tak5 ! re=m4 ,sure ( ! success :i* %all cr[n 8 bold und]tak+1 he began almo/ unaid$1 a movem5t :i* 0 no less ?an a revolution4 ,betwe5 two snat*es f ,romagnesi or ,blang9i1 ! maje/ic pages ( ,gluck appe>$ to ! surprise ( ! auditor4 ,! h]oes ( ! great ma/] took ! place ( ,?yrcis & ,col91 ! songs ( ,p]golese & ,h&el1 com+ f ! inspir$ m\? ( ! virtuoso1 at once ar\s$ unkn[n s5sations4 ,lully & ,rameau1 rejuv5at$ 9 _! turn1 surpris$ by beauties hi!rto unsuspect$4 ,e>li] /ill 79 ! ,presse = ,decemb] #f1 #ahdj7 9 an article sign$ ,visc\nt ,*>les ,delaunay are ^! l9es3 ,we are1 to-night1 to he> an admirable s+] 7,dels>te74 ,he is said to be ! ,talma ( music2 he makes ! mo/ ( ,gluck's songs1 z ,talma made ! mo/ ( ,rac9e's v]ses4 ,we mu/ ha/51 = 8 en?usia/ic admir]s w\ld nev] p>don u if we arriv$ 9 ! middle ( ! air f ',alce/is2' & if all we he> be true1 we c\ld nev] be consol$ ourselves1 = hav+ miss$ half ( x4 ,m>* #ad1 #ahfj1 we read 9 ! ,l',indep5dance ,beige3 ,among ! _m conc]ts ann\nc$ !re is "o :i* is privileg$ to attract ! notice ( ! dilettanti4 ,we ref] to t ann\nc$1 almo/ naively1 by ! two l9es3 ,conc]t by ,francois ,dels>te1 ,tuesday1 ,april #d4--,no?+ m6 ,^! two l9es tell ev]y?+6 ,:y give a program8 ,:o is !re 9 ! enlight5$ _w :o w\ld n be anxi\s to be pres5t at a conc]t giv5 by ,dels>te8 ,=1 at 8 conc]t1 he w s+--he :o nev] s+s any:]e1 at any price4 ,obs]ve :at ,i say3 nev] any:]e1 at any price1 & ,i d n exagg]ate4 ,?is ass]tion1 :i* %[s ! indiff]5ce ( ,dels>te to ! speculative side ( art1 is n )\t a c]ta9 analogy to ! fact :i* foll[s4 ,at "o ( 8 conc]ts he 0 to be aid$ by "o ( ! great celebrities ( ! "t2 ,ra*el 0 to recite a sc5e f "s play4 ,! actress fail$ to appe>4 ,"s few outcries 7 he>d4 ,dels>te consid]$ ?is a prote/3 ,i beg ^? :o are only "h to he> ,mademoiselle ,ra*el1 said he1 to /ep to ! box-(fice4 ,! price ( _! tickets w be return$4 ,applause foll[$ ^! words1 & ! arti/ sang 9 a way to leave no room = regret4 ,i quote ! foll[+ l9es f an article publi%$ by ! ,j\rnal des ,villes et des ,campagnes 9 ref]5ce to a lecture giv5 9 ! great amphi!atre ( ! ,m$ical ,s*ool1 ,m>* #aa1 #ahfg3 ,%\ld ,i say lecture8 ,x 0 r a *at--simple1 & :olly free f academic =ms4 ,9 some:at odd1 p]haps1 b picturesque & orig9al =m1 ,m4 ,dels>te told u heal?y & /r5g!n+ tru?s3--',! mis]y ( luxury dev\rs u1 b ! tru? makes no display2 x is mode/ly b>e4'4444 ',art may conv9ce by deceit2 !n x bl9ds4 ,:5 x c>ries conviction by contemplat+ tru?1 x enlight5s4 ,art may p]suade by evil2 !n x h>d5s4 ,:5 x p]suades by goodness1 x p]fects4' ,^! are noble words4 ,orator1 poet1 metaphysician1 arti/1 ,m4 ,dels>te (f]s new horizons to ! s\l4 ,! s\rces :5ce ,i draw are n exhau/$1 b ,i mu/ pause4 ,?us all h hail$ him ) applause6 ,save = "s few int]e/$ critics1 )\t di/9ction ( op9ions1 political1 religi\s or philosophical1 all diff]5ces 7 sil5c$ by ?is admirable h>mony ( ! highe/ ae/hetic faculties3 ! _s ( ju/ice conqu]$ p>ty _s4 ,b :atev] may h be5 said--& :atev] may /ill be said1--^? :o nev] he>d ,dels>te c nev] be made to compreh5d him3 9 him1 feel+1 intellect1 physical beauty & beauty ( expression =m$ a magnific5t assemblage ( natural gifts & ( acquir$ faculties4 ,9 ?is di/+ui%$ p]sonality nature became art1 to prove to u t outside h] limits1 z outside ! limits ( sci5ce1 arbitr>y agreem5t & ! caprices ( imag9ation c create no?+ noble & great1 p]suasive & t\*+4 ,) ?is arti/ !re 0 nev] any?+ to betray ! artificiality ( a situation2 int]pret$ by him1 ! creation1 ! inv5tion1 became real4 ',f 8 lips a cry nev] seem$ a /udi$ effect4 ,x 0 ! r5d+ ( a bosom4 ,a te> seem$ to come /raight f ! he>t2 8 ge/ure 0 consci\s ( :at x _h to tea* u2 9 all ^! applications ( ! sign to ! ?+1 !re 0 nev] an error1 nev] a mi/ake4 ,x 0 tru? adorn$ by beauty4 ,9 8 s++1 r\lades became true bur/s ( laught] or true sobs4 ,yes1 all ^! ?+s surpass description4 ,b :at any & e m9d may appreciate1 is ! lovable1 lov+ & g5]\s nature :i* inve/$ ^! transc5dant qualities ) simplicity1 ) *>m & ) life4 ,dels>te _h a weal? ( s5tim5t :i* ov]fl[$ ^u ! humble & ! outca/1 z well z ^u ^? favor$ by nature & by =tune4 ,)\t ! ri*es :i* he knew n h[ to ga91 disda9ful z he 0 ( petty & s9u\s ways1 he 0 b5evol5t 9 spite ( 8 mod]ate means4 ,he gave1 p]haps1 (t5] ?an he accept$ paym5t = !m1 8 "t1 8 k & 8 advice to all :o ne$$ !m4 ,he admitt$ to 8 classes pupils ^: beautiful voices 7 _! only weal?1 & :o c\ld pay him only 9 hope4 ,we may say ( ,francois ,dels>te1 t s sympa!tic a nature is r>ely se5 9 ?is _w ( ours1 :]e /ill prevail--tyrants to be de/roy$--s mu* antagonism1 jeal\sy & rivalry4 ,if "s few ( ! weaknesses natural to poor humanity may be laid to 8 *>ge1 no "o _h a great] "r to r$emption ?an he4 ,he once di/ress$ a fa%ionable woman by speak+ sev]ely to h] ( "o ( h] fri5ds4 ,%e 0 mu* tr\bl$1 b out ( respect1 d>$ n compla94 ,dels>te saw te>s 9 h] eyes4 ,he in/antly confess$ 8 fault1 & ackn[l$g$1 ) ! utmo/ frankness1 t he spoke f he>say1 & v lightly4 ,he add$ t ?is mi/ake %\ld be a lesson to him1 & t he w\ld ?9k twice be=e becom+ ! e*o ( evil report4 ,if1 t\*+ 8 sci5ce & 8 art1 ?is ma/] (t5 made ass]tions :i* might seem conceit$1 aside f ^? convictions :i*1 to 8 m9d1 _h ! "* ( or?odoxy1 he us$ =ms ( spee* ( :i* judges )\t au?ority w\ld nev] h dream$4 ,i h he>d him say3 ,i _c be mu* ( a connoisseur 9 reg>d to piani/s1 = ,i only l to he> ,*op94 ,he 0 always ready to praise ! amateurs :o came to him = a he>+1 ev5 if !y 7 ! pupils ( o!r ma/]s1 f9d+ out among all _! faults1 ! little acquirem5ts or tal5t :i* he c\ld f _! p]=mance2 sure1 x is true1 to correct !m if he aft]w>d became _! in/ructor4 ,honors & =tune seem$ )9 8 grasp :5 he ne>$ 8 end4 ,am]ica (f]$ him imm5se advantages1 ) a ye>ly sal>y ( #bj1jjj1 to f\nd a cons]vatory 9 "o ( h] cities4 ,a /reet 9 ,solesmes 0 nam$ = him4 ,! ,k+ ( ,hanov] s5t him1 z an arti/1 ! ,guelph ,cross1 &1 z a fri5d1 a photograph ( himself & family2 x 0 to ?is pr9ce1 ! patron ( art1 t ,dels>te wrote reg>d+ 8 ,episodes ( a ,revelator3 ,i am at ?is mom5t m$itat+ a book s+ul> = m ?an "o reason1 :i* w be no less novel 9 =m ?an 9 idea4444 ,i "k n :at fate is 9 /ore = ?is "w1 or if ,i %all succe$ 9 see+ x 9 pr9t dur+ my lifetime4 ,he did n realize ?is dream4 ,x 0 at ab\t ?is same "t t ,j5ny ,l9d took a long j\rney to he> him & to consult him ab\t h] art4 ,at ! p]iod ( ! w> ( #ahgj-ahga1 ,dels>te took refuge at ,solesmes1 8 native place4 ,he left ,p>is1 ) 8 family1 ,sept4 #aj1 #ahgj4 ,already ill1 he liv$ !re sad1 & cru%$ by ! mis=tunes ( 8 c\ntry4 ,nev]!less1 dur+ ?is /ay1 he develop$ v>i\s po9ts 9 8 me?od1 & !re 8 two daught]s wrote at 8 dictation ! manuscript1 ,episodes ( a ,revelator2 8 intellect _h lo/ none ( its vigor1 b 8 nature 0 %ad[$4 ,francois ,dels>te return$ to ,p>is ,m>* #aj1 #ahga1 aft] 8 volunt>y exile4 ,he soon yield$ to a pa9ful disease1 d\btless regrett+ t he _h n f9i%$ 8 "w1 b c\rage\s & submissive4 ,z f> z x lay 9 my p[]1 my task is done4 ,i h furni%$ docum5ts = ! hi/ory ( ! arts2 ,i h ar\s$ & tri$ to fix att5tion ^u t lum9\s po9t :i* 0 ?reat5$ ) oblivion4 ,n[ ,i call = ! aid ( all1 t ! "w ( memory may be accompli%$4 ,!re are /ill among u _m admir]s ( ,francois ,dels>te1 _m he>ts t lov$ him2 a sort ( sil5t freemasonry has be5 e/abli%$ betwe5 !m2 :5 !y meet 9 society1 at ! !atre1 at conc]ts1 !y recognize ea* o!r by mutual signs ( regret or disappo9tm5t4 ,8 "n is pron\nc$1 a few words are int]*ang$4 ,oh6 ^? 7 happy days4 ,w 8 l ev] be se5 aga98 ,to ^! ,i say3 ,let u unite to assure him 8 place 9 ! annals :i* ass]t ! glories ( ! arti/ & ! man ( sci5ce6 ,:y %\ld we n comb9e soon to raise a /atue on ! mode/ grave :]e he lies8 ,:y %\ld we n d = ! innovator 9 ! arts :at ! c\ntry daily does = me*anical inv5tors & soldi]s8 ,"p ,fif?4 ,! ,lit]>y ,rema9s ( ,francois ,dels>te4 ,translat$ by ,abby ,l4 ,alg]4 ,publi%]'s ,note4 ,"p ,fif? conta9s ,francois ,dels>te's own words4 ,! manuscripts 7 pur*as$ ( ,mme4 ,dels>te ) ! und]/&+ t !y 7 all %e _h ( ! lit]>y rema9s ( h] illu/ri\s husb&4 ,!y are publi%$ by h] au?orisation4 ,! read] w probably notice t at times ,dels>te talks z if address+ an audi5ce4 ,?is he really did1 & "s ( ! manuscripts are head+s or draughts ( 8 lectures be=e le>n$ societies or ( talks at 8 own private sessions4 ,^! writ+s are giv5 to ! public 9 ! same fragm5t>y condition t ,dels>te left !m 94 ,!y 7 writt5 ^u %eets ( pap]1 scraps ( pap]1 doors1 *airs1 w9d[ casem5ts & o!r objects4 ,a lit]al translation has be5 made1 )\t a ^w ( comm5t1 & )\t any attempt at edit+ !m4 ,! aim has be5 to let ,dels>te speak = himself1 believ+ t ! read] w\ld r h ,dels>te's own words ev5 9 ?is disjo9t$1 incomplete =m--m]e r\gh notes--?an to h !m supplem5t$1 annotat$1 int]pret$ & v likely p]v]t$ by ano!r p]son4 ,edg> ,s4 ,w]n]4 ,illu/ration3 ,francois ,dels>te4 ,extract f ! ,la/ ,lett] to ! ,k+ ( ,hanov] ,i am at ?is mom5t m$itat+ a book1 s+ul> = m ?an "o reason1 ^: =m w be no less novel ?an its cont5ts4 ,y\r maje/y w read x1 ,i hope1 ) int]e/4 ,! title ( ?is book is to be3 ,my ,revelatory ,episodes1 or ! ,hi/ory ( an ,idea ,pursu$ = ,=ty ,ye>s4 ,x w be my task to connect & cond5se into a s+le n>rative all ! circum/ances ( my life :i* _h z logical consequ5ces ! num]\s discov]ies :i* x has be5 grant$ me to foll[ up1 discov]ies :i* my daily occupations left me nei!r "t nor ability to set =? z a :ole4 ,i "k n :at fate is res]v$ = ?is book4 ,i "k n :e!r ,i %all succe$ 9 see+ x 9 pr9t dur+ my lifetime4 ,! m9ds ( m5 are1 9 ^! evil days1 s little dispos$ to s]i\s ideas1 t x seems to me difficult to f9d a publi%] dispos$ to publi% ?+s s f> remov$ f ! productions ( ! c5tury4 ,b1 h[ev] x may be1 if ,i succe$ 9 gett+ at lea/ "s "p ( my "w pr9t$1 ,i crave1 sire1 y\r maje/y's p]mission to (f] ! d$ication to y4 ,?is favor ,i entreat n only z an honor1 b also z an opportunity to pay public homage to all ! k9dnesses :i* y\r maje/y has nev] ceas$ to lavi% ^u me4 ,francois ,dels>te4 ,episode ,i4 ,! subject 9 "q 0 a sc5e 9 ! play ( ! ,m>is-,g>cons4 ,! "y (fic]1 ^: "p ,i 0 /udy+1 met 8 =m] l&lord aft] an abs5ce ( sev]al ye>s1 & z he ow$ him "s money1 he desir$ to %[ himself cordial4 ,ah6 h[ are y1 papa ,dugr&8 he says1 on enc\nt]+ him4 ,?is apo/rophe is1 !re=e1 a mixture ( surprise1 soldi]ly bluntness & joviality4 ,at ! fir/ words ,i 0 /opp$ %ort by an almo/ insurm\ntable difficulty4 ,?is difficulty 0 all 9 my ge/ure4 ,d :at ,i w\ld1 my mann] ( acco/+ papa ,dugr& 0 grotesque2 & all ! lessons t 7 giv5 me on t sc5e1 all ! pa9s ,i took to pr(it by ^? lessons1 effect$ no *ange4 ,i pac$ to & fro1 say+ & resay+ ! words3 ,h[ are y1 papa ,dugr&8 ,ano!r s*ol> 9 my place w\ld h gone on2 b ! great] ! difficulty seem$ to me1 ! high] my ardor rose4 ,h[ev]1 ,i _h my labor = my pa9s4 ,t's n x1 said my in/ructors4 ,good heav5s6 ,i knew t z well z !y did2 b :at ,i did n "k 0 :y t 0 n x4 ,x seems t my pr(essors 7 equally ignorant1 s9ce !y c\ld n tell me exactly 9 :at my way diff]$ f !irs4 ,! specification ( t diff]5ce w\ld h enlight5$ me1 b all rema9$1 ) !m z ) me1 subject to ! unc]ta9 views ( a vague in/9ct4 ,d z ,i d1 !y said to me1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,z\nds6 ! ?+ 0 easi] said ?an done4 ,put m en?usiasm into y\r greet+ to papa ,dugr&6 ,! great] my en?usiasm1 ! m laughable 0 my awkw>dness4 ,see "h2 wat* my movem5ts c>efully6 ,i d wat*1 b ,i don't "k h[ to g to "w to imitate y2 ,i don't seize ! details ( y\r ge/ure4 7,x v>i$ ) e repetition47 ,i don't und]/& :y y\r examples1 ) :i* ,i am satisfi$1 lead to no?+ 9 me4 ,y don't und]/&6 ,y don't und]/&6 ,x's v simple6 ,really1 y\r wits mu/ h gone wool-ga!r+1 my poor boy1 if y are unable to d :at ,i h %[n y s _m times4 ,wat* closely n[6 ,i am wat*+1 sir1 ) all my eyes4 ,y c]ta9ly see t ! fir/ ?+ is to /ret* out y\r arms to y\r papa ,dugr&1 s9ce y are s pleas$ to see him aga96 ,i /ret*$ out my arms to _! utmo/ ext5t2 b my body1 n foll[+ ! movem5t1 /ill want$ poise1 & recoil$ into a grotesque attitude4 ,my tea*]1 = lack ( basic pr9ciples to guide him1 0 unable to correct my awkw>dness2 &1 vex$ at 8 inability :i* he wi%$ to conceal1 fell back on blam+ my unlucky intellect4 ,fool1 said he f9ally1 y are hopelessly /upid6 ,:y are y s emb>rass$8 ,are my examples1 !n1 wor?less8 ,inde$1 sir1 y\r examples are p]fect4 ,well1 !n1 imitate !m1 imbecile6 ,i w try1 sir4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 all prec$+ lessons1 ,i c\ld give only a bl9d imitation1 :i* _h n ! small m]it ( be+ twice alike1 ev5 9 my own eyes1 = e "t ,i reproduc$ !m ,i obs]v$ m>k$ v>iations :i* ! ma/] did n p]ceive4 ,i w5t to my room1 z ,i _h done _m times be=e1 ) te>s 9 my eyes & despair 9 my he>t1 to r5ew my useless ef=ts1 va9ly turn+ & return+ 9 all lights my un=tunate papa ,dugr&4 ,?is cruel ordeal la/$ five mon?s )\t ! lea/ progress to less5 its bitt]ness4 ,heav5 kn[s ) :at ardor ,i cultivat$ my papa ,dugr&6 ,i ?\ght ( him by day1 & ,i dream$ ( him by night4 ,i clung to him ) all ! fr5zy ( despair1 = ,i 0 det]m9$ n to be beat54 ,i 0 b\nd to triumph at any co/1 = x 0 life or dea? to me4 ,i resolv$ n to give up papa ,dugr&1 ev5 ?\gh he %\ld resi/ me t5 ye>s6 ,my unceas+ repetitions ( 7to !m abom9able7 papa ,dugr& caus$ my comrades to call me a bore4 ,9 %ort1 ,i became disagreeable to all ar\nd me4 ,alas6 all ?is /udy1 all ^! ef=ts1 c\ld n ov]come ! /ubborn resi/ance ( papa ,dugr&4 ,my tea*]s 7 at _! wits' end1 & f9ally refus$ to give me ano!r lesson on ! subject4 ,b no?+ c\ld daunt ! ardor ( my zeal4 ,"o day ,i 0 measur+ ! c\rt-y>d ( ! ,cons]vatory1 z usual1 9 company ) papa ,dugr&1 & repeat+ my h[ are y8 9 e v>iety ( tone1 :51 all at once1 hav+ got z f> z3 ,h[ are y1 pa--1 ,i /opp$ %ort )\t f9i%+ my phrase4 ,x 0 int]rupt$ by ! sight ( a c\s9 ( m9e1 ^: visit 0 mo/ unexpect$4 ,ah6 h[ are y8 ,i said2 h[ are y1 de> c\-- ,"h my words 7 aga9 int]rupt$ by a surprise2 b ?is surprise 0 f> great] ?an t caus$ by ! appe>ance ( my c\s94 ,/ruck by ! analogy betwe5 ?is greet+ & ! un/udi$ attitude :i* ,i _h assum$ "u ! action ( a g5u9e emotion1 ,i cri$ 9 a transport ( joy :i* bewild]$ my innoc5t c\s93 ,leave me--don't di/urb me--,i've got x--wait = me--/ay :]e y are--,i've got x4 ,b :at is x t y've got8 ,! dick5s1 papa ,dugr&6 ,!reupon ,i vani%$ l a fla%1 to run to my mirror & reproduce to my sight papa ,dugr&1 ,judge ( my a/oni%m5t3 n only my ge/ure1 until n[ s p]si/5tly awkw>d1 seem$ sudd5ly metamorphos$ & became h>moni\s & natural2 b1 /rang] yet1 x did n correspond 9 ! lea/ to :at _h be5 prescrib$4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 nature h]self t _h reveal$ ?is to me4 ,!n1 ! movem5ts ( my body1 b a mom5t be=e s discordant 9 my eyes1 _h acquir$1 "u ! influ5ce ( ?is ge/ure inspir$ f above1 an ease & a grace t fill$ me ) surprise4 ,)\t d\bt1 ,i n[ possess$ ! tru?4 ,an emotion1 spontane\sly produc$ & s deeply felt1 c\ld n result 9 an error4 ,?is is :at _h happ5$ "u ! action ( a natural surprise3 ,my h&s 7 n ext5d$ t[>d ! object ( my surprise--n ! lea/ 9 ! _w4 ,by an ant]ior ext5sion ( ! arms1 !y 7 rais$ high above my head1 :i*1 f> f be+ uplift$ ) ! exultation :i* ,i _h hi!rto simulat$1 0 l[]$ to my brea/2 & my body1 /rang] yet1 in/ead ( b5d+ t[>d ! attractive object1 b5t sudd5ly backw>d4 ,:at a bl[ nature _h giv5 to my ma/]s6 ,:at an ov]?r[al ( all conjectures6 ,my reason1 be=e ?is sov]eign decision1 0 humbl$ & dumbf\nd$4 ,:at argum5ts c\ld my in/ructors invoke 9 ! face ( tru? itself8 ,:at1 ?\ght ,i1 are my ma/]s absolutely ignorant ( ! laws ( nature8 ,:at1 does _! reason1 z well z m9e1 "k no?+ ( all ?is8 ,h[ is x t ?is mu*-prais$ reason has inspir$ me ) effects precisely opposite to ^? t 7 prescrib$8 ,:at is reason8 ,is x1 !n1 a bl9d faculty8 ,let u fir/ see :at ^! /range ph5om5a1 ^: importance ,i _c d5y )\t d5y+ nature h]self1 signify4 ,i 0 9 ! mid/ ( ^! reflections :5 ! recollection ( my c\s9 came into my m9d4 ,good heav5s1 ?\ght ,i2 ,i _h =gott5 all ab\t my poor c\s92 :at w he ?9k8 ,i w hurry d[n1 &1 le/ my preci\s ideas take flight1 s5d him away1 & return to my reflections4 ,wret* t ,i am2 ,i ?9k only h[ to get rid ( him1 :5 he has s enri*$ me6 ,?is is a lesson to me4 ,poor boy6 ,:at op9ion w he h ( me8 ,ah1 t is he :om ,i see /ret*$ out on t /one b5*4 ,he has be5 pati5t1 inde$4 ,i believe t he is asleep6 ,no1 ,i am n asleep1 said he1 ris+2 ,i am furi\s6 ,expla91 if y are n too insane to be rational1 ! extraord9>y mann] 9 :i* y receiv$ me4 ,d y "k t ,i h be5 wait+ "h = y m ?an an h\r8 ,ah1 my de> c\s91 said ,i1 embrac+ him w>mly1 y d n "k :at a s]vice y h r5d]$ me4 ,i embrace y n[1 my good fri5d1 = ! wond]ful lesson y h giv5 me4 ,)\t y ,i %\ld nev] h f\nd x out1 &1 re/ assur$1 ,i %all nev] =get x4 ,:at8 ,:o8 ,:at is x8 ,z\nds1 papa ,dugr&6 ,i freely ackn[l$ge t ,i h le>n$ m f y 9 "o second ?an f all my ma/]s dur+ f\r ye>s4 ,are y 9 y\r "r s5ses8 ,! matt] 0 f9ally expla9$4 ,my c\s9 !n told me ab\t my home & my family2 b ,i mu/ confess t ,i paid little att5tion to ! good news t he br\ght me1 s excit$ & preoeccupi$ 0 my m9d4 ,ev5 !n ,i c\ld n help ?9k+ ( ! fragility ( ! he>t 9 its affections4 ,we soon sep>at$1 & ,i hurri$ to my room1 :i* seem$ to me on ?is day-p>adise itself4 ,i gave myself up to my int]rupt$ c\rse ( reflections4 ,i _h prov$ ! impot5ce ( my own reason1 & also t ( my ma/]s4 ,n[1 z x 0 n probable t all my tea*]s & myself 7 m /upid ?an ! re/ ( mank9d--! common h]d--,i conclud$ t reason is bl9d 9 ! matt] ( pr9ciples1 & t all h] in/ructions w\ld be p[]less to guide me 9 my rese>*es4 ,b1 f ano!r side1 x 0 evid5t to me t )\t ?is reason ,i c\ld n utilize a pr9ciple4 ,:at is human reason1 t faculty at once ( s little avail & yet s preci\s8 ,:at role does x play 9 art8 ,i feel t ?is is mo/ important = me to "k4 ,! answ] to ?is "q mu/ spr+ f ! /udy ( ! ph5om5a ( in/9ct4 ,let u exam9e1 !n1 :at nature (f]s u freely4 ,if ^! ph5om5a are direct$ by a physiological or a spiritual necessity1 a necessity on :i* in/9ct is bas$1 ,i am =c$ to admit1 "h1 a reason t is n my reason2 a sup]ior1 infallible reason 9 ! disposition ( ?+s2 a reason t laughs at my reason1 :i*1 9 spite ( itself1 mu/ submit "u pa9 ( fall+ into absurdity4 ,i feel t x is only by ?is absolute submission ( my reason t x c rise to ! reason ( ?+s1 s9ce1 ( itself1 x w\ld "k no?+4 ,see def9ition ( reason4 ,let u seek1 !n1 )\t prejudice1 ! reason ( ! ?+s t int]e/$ me1 9 ord] t my own reason may be rais$ to a high] plane4 ,& :5 x %all be illum9$ ) ! light t mu/ break ^u x f ! sup]ior reason1 ,i feel t my reason c g5]alize in/ruction1 & w be all-p[]ful 9 arrang+ ! conclusions t x may d$uce4 ,i am aw>e1 f ! utt] impot5ce ( my reason1 t all pr9ciples mu/ be accept$ humbly1 9 ord] to und]/& ! d$uctions4 ,my reason does n "k h[ to lead me to pr9ciples ( :i* x is ignorant2 b x kn[s h[ to guide me back4 ,9 o!r words1 x is a bl9d p]son a priori1 x is a lum9>y a po/]iori4 ,?\gh x may n "k at fir/1 once %[n1 x readily recognizes2 ?\gh x may n div9e1 x le>ns by /udy2 ?\gh x may n seize1 x reta9s1 ma/]s & g5]alizes4 ,reason1 !n1 is a reflex p[]1 & z su*1 if1 9 a matt] ( pr9ciple1 x recognizes itself z impot5t & ev5 absurd a priori1 x kn[s t once 9 possession ( ! pr9ciple1 x borr[s f its light & becomes id5tifi$ ) x--an incomp>able p[] ( g5]alization4 ,let ! reason ( ! attitudes t ,i _h obs]v$ be once %[n me1 & my individual reason w\ld possess ! ,ar*im$ean lev] ) :i* ,i might op5 unkn[n worlds4 ,my reason6 ,ah6 ,i w id5tify x ) ! reason ( ?+s6 ,h5ce=w>d ?is %all be my me?od1 ?is %all be my law4 ,b ! reason ( ?+s--:o w give x to me8 ,is x n my reason itself8 ,oh1 my/]y6 ,i w foll[ !e to ! dep?s ( ?y abyss4 ,?\ %alt h no m secrets f me1 = ,god has said t ,he hides only f ! wise & prud5t man1 b reveals ,himself to ! simple & to *ildr54 ,yes1 ^! ?+s %all be giv5 to me ?r\gh my reason1 if x w b[ itself & be att5tive & humble2 if x w pati5tly await ! tea*+s ( a mute & p]sev]+ obs]vation2 if x w subord9ate itself to ! intuitive lights t con/itute g5ius2 &1 f9ally1 if x kn[s h[ to e/imate ?+s o!r ?an itself4 ,?us my reason1 e/abli%$1 inflam$1 consum$ by ! *>m ( its contemplation1 w be transfigur$ 9 ord] to be m closely unit$ to ! sov]eign reason t[>d :i* x ev] rea*es out4 ,! fir/ fruit ( my obs]vation consi/s 9 mak+ me recognize1 9 ! facts exam9$1 ! pro( ( a sup]ior & infallible reason1 & !n to arm aga9/ my individual reason & all its errors4 ,ano!r ?+ yet m /range1 b easily compreh5d$ on reflection1 is t to ?is defiance1 ?is contempt ( self1 ,i owe ! boldness & ! p[] ( my inve/igations4 ,let u see1 n[1 f :i* obs]vations ! prec$+ ?\ghts are ! direct result4 ,9 ! phrase1 ,h[ are y1 etc41 my reason dictat$ ?is triple1 p>allel movem5t3 ,advanc+ ! head1 & ! arms1 ) ! torso on ! =e-leg4 ,n[1 ! simil> phrase1 ,h[ are y1 de> c\s91 al?\gh utt]$ 9 a situation id5tical ) t ( papa ,dugr&1 produc$ ph5om5a diametrically oppos$ to ^? t my reason _h said 7 ! only ones admissible4 ,is x n reasonable to suppose t ! sight ( an agreeable or lov$ object w excite 9 u a g5u9e feel+ t be=e we _h va9ly /riv5 to simulate8 ,does x n seem natural to ext5d ! h& to a fri5d :51 ) affectionate surprise1 we exclaim3 ,h[ are y1 de> fri5d8 ,& %\ld we ev] ?9k ( draw+ ! body away f ! object t attracts u8 ,f9ally1 does x n seem t ! head %\ld be rais$1 ! bett] to see t :i* *>ms u8 ,ah1 no6 ,all ^! ?+s1 app>5tly s true & s p]fectly cle>1 are radically false4 ,facts prove ?is beyond a d\bt1 & ) facts !re c be on discussion1 no argum5t4 ,we mu/ admit !m a priori or r5\nce ! tru?4 ,"h1 z 9 all que/ions ( pr9ciple1 ! greate/ act ( reason consi/s 9 an act ( fai?4 ,?is is absolutely und5iable4 ,9 ! phrase1 ,h[ are y1 papa ,dugr&1 ! arms %\ld be rais$1 ! head l[]$ & ! torso ?r[n back1 support+ itself on ! back leg4 ,?is 0 inde$ a bl[ to ! presumption ( my poor reason1 b %\ld x compla98 ,no1 = x has ga9$ ev5 f its confusion mo/ fruitful in/ruction4 ,let u see4 ,9 que/ion+ ! effects & ! analogy1 we %all d\btless expla9 _! reason ( be+4 ,:y %\ld ! head become l[]$8 ,i d n see all at fir/ sight2 b let u g5]alize ! "q & probably x w specify itself4 ,:5 does a man b[ 8 head be=e ! object :i* /rikes 8 eye8 ,:5 he consid]s or exam9es x4 ,does he nev] consid] ?+s ) head rais$8 ,yes1 :5 he consid]s !m ) a feel+ ( pride4 ,x is ?us t he rules !m or exalts !m2 & also :5 he que/ions !m ) 8 glance2 9 f9e1 :5 :at he sees a/oni%es or surprises him4 ,?is la/ /atem5t contradicts ! example 9 "q1 & seems to condemn x4 ,n ! lea/ 9 ! _w4 ,h[ is ?is8 ,?us3 :5 ! a/oni%m5t or ! surprise is n int5se en\gh to %ake ! frame1 ! head :]e9 all ! surprise is conc5trat$1 is lift$ & exalt$4 ,b s soon z t surprise is great en\gh to raise ! %\ld]s & ! arms1 z by a galvanic %ock1 ! head takes an inv]se direction1 x s9ks & seems anxi\s to become solid to (f] m resi/ance to t :i* might attack x1 = ! fir/ in/9ctive movem5t 9 su* a case is to gu>d aga9/ any unpleasant ev5t2 !n if ! head is lift$ to look at t :i* surprises x1 x is because x has no great int]e/ 9 ! recognition ( t :i* x consid]s2 b z soon z t int]e/ comm&s x to exam9e1 to recognize1 x is in/antly l[]$ & plac$ 9 ! /ate ( expectation4 ,o1 n[ x becomes cle>4 ,n[1 h[ does surprise cause u to lift our arms8 ,! %\ld]1 9 e man :o is agitat$ or mov$1 rises 9 exact proportion to ! int5sity ( 8 emotion4 ,x ?us becomes ! !rmomet] ( ! emotions4 ,n[1 ! commotion t impr9ts a /rong impression1 communicates to ! arms an asc5d+ motion :i* may lift !m high above ! head4 ,b :y d n ! arms1 9 an agreeable surprise1 t5d t[>d ! object ( t surprise8 ,! arm %\ld move g5tly t[>d ! object t x wi%es to c>ess4 ,"u ! rapid action ( surprise1 !re=e1 x c\ld only injure or repel t object4 ,?is x does 9 affright4 ,b in/9ct--t m>vel\s ag5t ( div9e reason--9 t case turns ! arms away f ! object :i* !y might injure by ! rapidity ( _! sudd5 ext5sion1 & directs !m t[>d heav51 leads !m to rise z if express+ ?anks = an unexpect$ joy1 s true x is t ev]y?+ is turn$ to use & is modifi$ "u ! empire ( our in/9ct4 ,c]ta9ly1 !re is no simil>ity betwe5 ?is & ! sup]flu\s action1 ! inconsequ5t movem5ts det]m9$ by ! work+ ( a rule )\t a reason4 ,& ?is is s because 9 all t in/9ct sugge/s1 x is ! ,supreme ,arti/ himself :o disposes ( u & acts 9 u1 :ile :atev] is sugge/$ by a reason insuffici5tly inspir$ by ! contemplation ( ! div9e h&iwork is fatally incoh]5t1 = we ?us pret5d to sub/itute ourselves = ,god1 & ,god !nce=? leav+ u to ourselves1 surr5d]s u to all ! discordant effects ( an inconsequ5tial & va9 conception4 ,x rema9s to f9d ! ju/ificatory reason = ?is retroactive movem5t ( ! body1 :i* seems illogical at fir/ sight4 ,let u inquire 9 :at case & "u ! action ( :at emotions a man may %r9k f ! object :i* he is consid]+4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he %r9ks back :5ev] x inspires him ) a feel+ ( repulsion4 ,he %r9ks f x p>ticul>ly :5 x inspires him ) fright4 ,?is is a matt] ( c\rse & self-evid5t4 ,9 :at case does ! body take an inv]se direction to ! object :i* attracts x8 ,?is we mu/ "k be=e we c expla9 ! ph5om5on 9 "q4 ,we move away f ! ?+ :i* we contemplate to prove to x1 d\btless1 ! respect & v5]ation t x inspires4 ,9 fact1 x seems a lack ( respect to t :i* we love to approa* x too closely2 we move away t we may n pr(ane x by a contact :i* x seems might injure its purity4 ,?us ! retrograde movem5t may be ! sign ( rev]5ce & salutation1 & moreov] a tok5 t ! object be=e :i* x is produc$ is m em95t & m wor?y ( v5]ation4 ,a salutation )\t mov+ %[s b little rev]5ce1 & %\ld only occur 9 ! case ( an equal or an inf]ior4 ,9 ju/ification ( ! actual fact1 let me give ano!r obs]vation ( q ano!r importance4 ,:5 a pa9t] exam9es 8 "w1 he moves away f x p]ceptibly4 ,he moves away 9 proportion to ! degree ( 8 admiration ( x1 s t ! retroactive movem5t ( 8 body is 9 equal ratio to ! int]e/ t he feels 9 contemplat+ 8 "w1 :5ce x foll[s t ! pa9t] :o exam9es 8 "w 9 any o!r way1 reveals 8 indiff]5ce to x4 ,! picture-deal] usually proce$s 9 q ano!r mann]4 ,he exam9es x closely & ) a magnify+-glass 9 h&4 ,:y is ?is8 ,because x is less ! picture :i* he exam9es ?an ! h&iwork ( ! pa9t]1 ! actual "w :i* is ! *ief object ( 8 survey4 ,b :y does ! arti/ move away f ! "w :i* he contemplates8 ,! bett] to seize ! total impression4 ,= in/ance3 if x be a full l5g? portrait & ! arti/ /udies x too closely he sees1 ,i w suppose1 ! nose ( 8 portrait & no?+ m4 ,if he moves a little f>!r (f he sees a little m1 he sees ! head2 /ill f>!r & he sees bo? ! head & ! torso :i* supports x4 ,f9ally1 mov+ /ill f>!r away1 he gets a view ( ! :ole & ?us seizes its h>moni\s relations4 ,?is inspection may be call$ syn!tic vision1 & 9 opposition to ?is1 direct vision1 :i* ,i assum$ be=e in/9ct taught me bett]1 is b %ort & limit$4 ,to sum up3 ,if in/9ct did n lead u to retroact1 to exam9e an object unexpect$ly (f]$ to our gaze1 ea* surprise w\ld expose u to error4 ,n[ we mu/ retroact to see an object z a :ole & n expose ourselves to error1 & !n1 too1 does n ! love :i* a creature inspires )9 u naturally ext5d to ! m$ium :i* surr\nds him1 & 9 ?is way does x n seem z if all t t\*$ him p>took ( 8 life & ?us acquir$ "s title to our contemplation8 ,?us my m9d1 tortur$ by "o preoccupy+ ?\ght1 _h1 ?anks to ! fix$ idea :i* sway$ x1 f\nd wondr\s lessons 9 ! simple incid5t ( my c\s9's return1 o!rwise s devoid ( int]e/2 & ,i may truly say t ! lesson le>n$ f meet+ my c\s9 taught me m ?an all ^? ,i _h receiv$ 9 ! space ( ?ree ye>s4 ,9 %ort1 ,i _h le>n$ h[ va9 is advice dictat$ by ! caprice ( a ma/] )\t a sy/em6 ,i _h le>n$ ! inanity ( individual reason 9 a matt] ( exp]i5ce4 ,i knew t c]ta9 laws exi/$1 t ^? laws proce$$ f a ,supreme ,reason1 an imm5se c5tre ( light1 ( :i* ea* man's reason is b a s+le ray4 ,i knew )\t a d\bt h[ ignorant my ma/]s 7 ( ^? laws to ! /udy ( :i* ,i meant to devote my life4 ,i possess$ facts :i* ,i saw c\ld be appli$ 9 c\ntless ways1 lum9\s doctr9es radiat+ f ! application4 ,!nce=? ,i _h ! nucleus ( ! sci5ce ,i _h s va9ly ask$ ( my ma/]s1 & ,i did n despair ( =mulat+ x4 ,judge ( my joy6 ,! facts ,i !n f\nd myself ! possessor (1 seem$ to me m valuable ?an all ! treasures ( ! _w4 ,episode ,,ii4 ,"s "t lat]1 ,i aga9 saw my wor?y c\s91 ! innoc5t cause ( all my joys4 ,he 0 a m$ical /ud5t1 & came to propose a visit to ! dissect+-room4 ,i did n hesitate to accept2 ! proposal h>moniz$ ) my desire4 ,i did n g1 z s _m g to ! morgue1 m]ely to see dead bodies4 ,no2 ! curiosity t impell$ me1 & ! avidity ) :i* ,i pursu$ ! object ( my /udy1 0 n to be s easily satisfi$4 ,dead bodies only attract$ me :5 !y 7--if n dissect$--at lea/ flay$4 ,*ildr5 break _! dolls to see :at !re is inside2 s ,i1 too1 want$ to see :at !re 0 9 a corpse4 ,x seem$ to me t "u ! mutilations :i* ! scalpel _h inflict$ on ! body1 ,i %\ld f9d ! answ] to m ?an "o enigma--might solve "s ( ! secrets ( life4 ,! prospect ( ?is visit _h ! *>m ( a pleasure p>ty to me4 ,i made x a holiday & await$ ! h\r ) impati5ce4 ,b1 on arriv+1 :5 ,i f\nd myself 9 t place *ill & gloomy z ! tomb2 :5 ,i felt *ok$ by ! mephitic gases t arose f ?is seat ( infection2 :5 ,i f\nd myself 9 ! pres5ce ( a heap ( corpses mutilat$ by ! scalpel1 disfigur$ by putrefaction & p>tially dev\r$ by rats & worms2 :51 b5ea? tables lad5 ) ^! horrible rema9s1 ,i saw mean tubs fill$ ) human entrails m+l$ ) limbs & heads sev]$ f _! trunks2 :5 ,i felt fragm5ts ( fle% r$uc$ to ! /ate ( fil?y mud1 cl++ to my feet1 my he>t ?robb$ viol5tly1 & ,i 0 ov]come by an indescribable s5se ( repulsion4 ,:at1 ,i said to myself1 ^? %apeless & putrify+ masses h liv$6 ,!y h ?\ght1 !y h lov$6 ,&1 :o w\ld believe x f ! horror & disgu/ t !y inspire1 !y h be5 lov$1 *]i%$1 p]haps ador$6 ,ah6 if1 z "s ?9k1 ! s\l is n immortal1 if s _m aspirations1 s _m s*emes1 s _m hopes are to end "h--:at is man8 ,b yet m lam5table food = ?\ght 0 res]v$ = me3 ! spectacle ( a ru9 yet m pr(\nd ?an ^? :i* my eyes c\ld sc>ce endure1 0 to appe> be=e me 9 all its hide\sness4 ,9 fact1 !re reigns 9 ^! gloomy halls :]e no te> has ev] fall51 no pray] has ev] be5 he>d & no ray ( hope has ev] pi]c$--!re reigns some?+ yet cold] ?an dea?1 some?+ m un:olesome1 m nause\s1 m delet]i\s ?an ! putrid miasmas t infect ! air1 some?+ m sad to see ?an ! nameless fragm5ts ( ext9ct life1 some?+ m loa?some ?an ^? fil?y & disgu/+ remnants1 some?+ m repulsive ?an ^? noses eat5 by worms & ^? empty eyeballs dev\r$ by rats4 ,i mean ! cynicism ( ! dwell]s 9 t place2 ,i mean _! ins5sibility1 _! indiff]5ce & calm he$lessness 9 ! pres5ce ( su* grave subjects = ?\ght4 ,i mean t lack ( p]ception1 t _s ( negation & revolt ( :i* ^? wret*$ m5 make a boa/ & :i* !y ob/9ately oppose to all religi\s s5tim5t1 all pr9ciple ( tradition or reveal$ au?ority4 ,i mean ! a!ism & ceaseless mock]y ) :i* !y inv>iably meet any g5]\s impulse ar\s$ 9 an hone/ s\l by a heal?y fai?4 ,?is /ruck me ev5 m s5sibly ?an ! spectacle ( dea? & dissolution :i* ,i h /riv5 to describe4 ,?us ! app>5tly liv+ m5 :o haunt ?is spot are m truly dead ?an ! corpses ^u :i* !y ex]cise _! pret5d$ sci5ce4 ,!y seem$ to me ru9s f> m t]rible ?an ^? ( ! body1 ru9s :i* repell$ all hope1 be+ born ( d\bt & lead+ to negation4 ,if ! mutilat$ & half-dev\r$ bodies t lay be=e me1 fill$ me ) horror & disgu/1 !y1 at lea/1 left )9 me a fa9t l+]+ hope surviv+ dea?2 b ! /ate ( bl9dness ( ^? s\ls :o h lo/ consci\sness ( _! be+ & ev5 ! feel+ ( _! exi/5ce1 ! %ad[y abyss into :i* !y all[ !mselves complaisantly to glide1 ! nullity :i* !y adorn ) ! title ( sci5ce1--all ?is fill$ me ) fright1 = ,i felt ! d\bt & despair into :i* contact ) x w\ld inevitably h plung$ me1 if1 by a special favor1 ! tone & mimetics1 alike self-suffici5t & mock+1 ( ^! free-?9k]s1 z !y are n[ /yl$1 _h n1 f ! fir/1 inspir$ me ) av]sion = !m & a salut>y hatr$ ( _! doctr9e4 ,& yet1 amid/ s _m repulsive objects1 ! faculty ( obs]vation to :i* ,i already ow$ su* fruitful rem>ks 0 n dormant 9 me3 ,i _h already ask$ myself by :at evid5t sign "o c\ld recognize a rec5t corpse4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ,i made a rapid exploration1 & ,i que/ion$ ! v>i\s corpses left almo/ intact2 ,i s\ght 9 "s portion ( ! body1 common to all1 a =m or a sign inv>iably f\nd 9 all4 ,! h& furni%$ me t sign & respond$ fully to my "q4 ,i notic$1 9 fact1 t 9 all ^! corpses ! ?umb exhibit$ a s+ul> attitude--t ( adduction or attraction inw>d1 :i* ,i _h nev] not$ ei!r 9 p]sons wak+ or sleep+4 ,?is 0 a fla% ( light to me4 ,to be yet m sure ( my discov]y1 ,i exam9$ a numb] ( arms sev]$ f ! trunk2 !y %[$ ! same t5d5cy4 ,i ev5 saw h&s sev]$ f ! =e>m2 &1 9 spite ( ?is sev]+ ( ! flexor muscles1 ! ?umb /ill reveal$ ?is same sign4 ,su* p]si/5ce 9 ! same fact c\ld n all[ ( ! %ad[ ( a d\bt3 ,i possess$ ! sign-language ( dea?1 ! semeiotics ( ! dead4 ,i rejoic$1 =esee+ ! s]vice :i* ?is discov]y w\ld r5d] ^u a battle-field1 = in/ance1 :]e m ?an "o man risks be+ buri$ alive4 ,i div9$1 moreov]1 some?+ ( its arti/ic importance4 ,i !n que/ion$ my c\s9 & ! o!r /ud5ts pres5t 9 reg>d to ! symptomatics ( dea?1 & ,i saw ) surprise t1 n only _h ! expression ( ?is ph5om5on escap$ !m hi!rto1 b t !y _h no exact & precise k conc]n+ ?is grave & important "q4 ,!re rema9$1 9 ord] to complete my discov]y & to d$uce useful results f x1 to v]ify ! symptom on ! dy+ man4 ,x 0 important = me to "k 9 :at degree x might become manife/ on ! approa* ( dea?4 ,my wi%es 7 gratifi$ z if by magic1 = ,i 0 l$ f ! s*ool ( anatomy to t ( cl9ical m$ic9e4 ,!re a h\se-/ud5t1 a fri5d ( my c\s91 plac$ me beside a dy+ pati5t1 & ,i exam9$ ) ! utmo/ att5tion ! h&s ( ! unhappy man /ruggl+ aga9/ ! clut*es ( inevitable dea?4 ,at fir/ ,i obs]v$ some?+ /range 9 reg>d to myself1 namely t ! emotion :i* su* a sight w\ld h caus$ me "u any o!r circum/ances1 0 absolutely null at ?is mom5t2 close att5tion dull$ all feel+ 9 me4 ,i !n und]/ood ! c\rage :i* may inspire ! surgeon 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duty2 & ,i drew f ?is obs]vation d$uctions ( great arti/ic int]e/4 ,n[ ,i prov$ t ! ?umbs ( ! dy+ man contract$ at fir/ 9 almo/ imp]ceptible degree2 b z ! la/ /ruggle drew ne>1 & 9 ! supreme ef=ts made by ! pati5t to hold fa/ to ! life :i* 0 slipp+ f him1 ,i saw all 8 f+]s convulsively direct$ t[>d ! palm ( ! h&1 ?us hid+ ! ?umbs :i* _h previ\sly approa*$ t c5tre ( conv]g5ce4 ,dea? spe$ily foll[$ ?is crisis & soon re/or$ to ! f+]s a m normal position2 b ! contraction ( ! ?umb p]si/5tly con=m$ to my previ\s obs]vations4 ,! pres5ce & progress ( ?is ph5om5on 9 ! dy+ 0 inv>iably confirm$ by num]\s te/s :i* ,i aft]w>d tri$4 ,?us1 ,i _h acquir$ ! pro( t1 n only does ! total adduction ( ! ?umb *>act]ize dea?1 b t ?is ph5om5on indicates ! approa* ( dea? 9 proportion to its int5sity4 ,i1 !re=e1 possess$ ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( a sy/em ( semeiotics hi!rto unkn[n to physiologi/s2 b ?is pr9ciple1 already s full ( int]e/1 mu/ be made pr(itable to art4 ,a multitude ( pictures1 :i* 9 =m] times ,i _h admir$ at ! museum1 pass$ be=e my m9d's eye4 ,i recall$ battle-sc5es :]e ! dy+ & ! dead are repres5t$2 desc5ts f ! cross :]e ,*ri/ is necess>ily repres5t$ z dead4 ,! idea /ruck me t ,i w\ld g & v]ify ! action ( ! ?umb 9 ^! v>i\s repres5tations :i* ! pa9t]'s fancy has giv5 u ( dea?4 ,x 0 on a ,sunday4 ,! ,l\vre 0 on my way to ! ,cons]vatory1 :]e1 z is well kn[n1 ,i liv$ z p5sion]4 ,i _h (t5 trav]s$ ! gall]ies ( ! ,l\vre2 b n[ ,i 0 arm$ ) a crit]ion t w\ld give my criticisms indisputable au?ority4 ,! ignorance ( ! fact ,i s\ght1 ev5 among arti/s ( r5[n1 0 n long 9 be+ made app>5t3 all ^? h&s1 :]e !y ?\ght !y _h depict$ dea?1 af=d$ me no?+ b ! *>act]i/ics ( a m or less peaceful sleep4 ,! correctness ( my criticism may be v]ifi$ any:]e4 ,?us1 ! m]e discov]y ( a law suffic$ to elevate a poor boy ( fifte5 ye>s1 de/itute ( all sci5ce & deplor+ ! deep ignorance 9 :i* he _h hi!rto be5 left1 to ! height ( an infallible critic 9 :om ! greate/ arti/s f\nd no m]cy4 ,i !n und]/ood all ! p[]1 all ! f]tility giv5 by an acqua9tance ) ! laws t regulate ! nature ( man1 & 9 h[ mu* ev5 g5ius itself may be r5d]$ /]ile by ignorance ( ^? laws :i* simple obs]vation w\ld make !m acqua9t$ )4 ,b1 ,i ?\ght1 my discov]y is n complete1 = if1 ?anks to x1 ,i h succe$$ 9 prov+ t all ^! pictures ( dea? are false1 true only z repres5t+ sleep1 x is1 on ! o!r h&1 impossible = me to prove 9 h[ f> ^? figures live1 9 :i* ! pa9t] aims to repres5t life4 ,i mu/1 !re=e1 seek ! sign ( life to complete my /&>d ( criticism4 ,sudd5ly1 /ruck ) amazem5t by ! dazzl+ rays ( unexpect$ light1 ,i ask$ myself :e!r ! crit]ion ( dea? w\ld n reveal to me1 by ! law ( contr>ies1 ! !rmomet] ( life4 ,x %\ld a priori--x does6 ,/ill ,i felt t x 0 n "h t ,i might be p]mitt$ to contemplate ! vital ph5om5a atta*$ to ! ?umb3 s9ce dea? 0 s badly r5d]$ "h1 ,i _h /rong reasons = ?9k+ t life 0 no bett] treat$4 ,i left ! museum1 !n1 :]e ,i _h no?+ m to le>n2 &1 to obs]ve liv+ mimetics ( ! ?umb1 ,i w5t out on ! prom5ade ( ! ,tuil]ies ?rong$ by ari/ocratic p4 ,i c>efully exam9$ ! h&s ( ?is cr[d1 b ,i 0 n long 9 discov]+ t ^! elegant idl]s _h no?+ good to (f]4 ,?is class1 ,i said to myself1 is false f head to foot4 ,!y live an artificial1 unnatural life4 ,i see 9 !m only artifice1 or an art di%onor$ by us+ x to mask _! ins9c]ity & artificiality4 ,! happy idea came to me to m+le ) mo!rs1 *ildr5 & nurses4 ,ah1 said ,i1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is ?rong1 laugh+ & cry+ at ! same "t--s++1 %\t+1 ge/iculat+1 jump+1 danc+--"h is life6 ,if ! contemplation ( ?is turbul5t & affectionate little _w does n in/ruct me1 :]e %all ,i f9d ! solution ,i seek8 ,i did n h to wait long = ?is solution4 ,i notic$ nurses :o 7 di/ract$ & indiff]5t to ! *ildr5 "u _! *>ge2 9 ^! ! ?umb 0 inv>iably drawn t[>d ! f+]s1 ?us (f]+ "s resemblance to ! adduction :i* x manife/s 9 dea?4 ,) o!r nurses1 m affectionate1 ! f+]s ( ! h& t held ! *ild 7 visibly p>t$1 display+ a ?umb b5t outw>d2 b ?is ecc5tration rose to /ill m />tl+ proportion 9 ^? mo!rs :om ,i saw ea* c>ry+ h] own *ild2 !re ! ?umb 0 b5t viol5tly outw>d1 z if to embrace & clasp a belov$ be+4 ,?us ,i 0 n sl[ to recognize t ! contraction ( ! ?umb is inv]sely proportionate1 its ext5sion directly proportionate to ! affectional exaltation ( ! life4 ,no d\bt1 ,i said to myself1 ! ?umb is ! !rmomet] ( life 9 its ext5d+ progression z x is ( dea? 9 its contract+ progression4 ,c\ntless examples h confirm$ ?is4 ,i c\ld ev51 on ! spot1 =m an idea ( ! degree ( affection felt = ! *ildr5 entru/$ to _! c>e1 by ! wom5 :o pass$ be=e my eyes4 ,sometimes ,i w\ld say3 ,!re is a s]vile creature ^: he>t is dead to t poor *ild :om %e c>ries l an in]t mass2 ! position ( ! ?umb drawn t[>d ! f+]s r5d]s t indiff]5ce evid5t1 ,aga9 x 0 a woman 9 :om ! s\rces ( life swell$ high at ! contact ) ! de> treasure :i* %e clasp$2 t woman 0 surely ! "m ( ! *ild %e c>ri$1 ! excessive op5+ ( h] ?umb left no room = d\bt4 ,?us my diagno/ics 7 inv>iably confirm$ by exact in=mation1 & ,i c\ld see to :at ext5t ! rem>ks :i* ,i _h record$1 7 ju/ifi$4 ,i drew f !m mo/ int]e/+ applications = my special c\rse ( /udy4 ,?us1 suppose ,i _h ask$ ! same s]vice f ?ree m51 & t ea* _h answ]$ me ) ! s+le ^w yes1 accompani$ by a ge/ure ( ! h&4 ,if "o ( !m _h let 8 ?umb approa* ! =ef+]1 x is pla9 to me t he w\ld deceive me1 = 8 ?umb ?us plac$ tells me t he is dead to my proposition4 ,if ,i obs]ve 9 ! second a slight abduction ( ! ?umb1 ,i mu/ believe t he1 al?\gh indispos$ to oblige me1 w /ill d s f submission4 ,b if ! ?ird abducts 8 ?umb =cibly f ! o!r f+]s1 oh6 ,i c c\nt on him1 he w n deceive me6 ,! abduction ( 8 ?umb tells me m 9 reg>d to 8 loyalty ?an all ! assurances :i* he might give me4 ,behold1 !n1 an intuition ^: correctness ! exp]i5ce ( =ty ye>s has n contradict$4 ,x is h>d to imag9e ! joy ,i felt at my discov]y produc$ & v]ifi$ 9 a s+le day by s _m examples1 diff]+ s greatly "o f ano!r & ( su* div]se int]e/4 ,all ! emotions ( ?is extraord9>y & f]tile day _h s ov]-excit$ my imag9ation t ,i _h great difficulty 9 calm+ my poor bra91 & f> f be+ able to enjoy ! re/ :i* ,i s mu* ne$$1 ,i 0 a prey to wakefulness 9 :i* ! turmoil ( my ideas at "o "t made me fe> t ,i 0 go+ mad4 ,i !n felt = ! fir/ "t ! frailty ( ! in/rum5t ( ?\ght 9 reg>d to ! faculty :i* rules & gov]ns x4 ,9 brief1 ,i 0--?anks to my d\ble discov]y--9 possession ( a law ^: d$uctions ought to t\* ! l(tie/ que/ions ( sci5ce & art1--& ,i 0 enabl$ !nce=? to affirm ^u /rong & irrefragable pro( t ! ?umb1 9 its d\ble sph]e ( action1 is ! !rmomet] ( life z well z ( dea?4 ,episode ,,iii4 ,! day aft] t :i* _h be5 s fruitful bo? 9 emotions & discov]ies1 a ?\s& recollections tumultu\sly besieg$ my m9d & /ill di/urb$ me4 ,i saw t if ,i c\ld n contrive to classify !m 9 /rict ord] ( succession1 ,i %\ld nev] be able to d]ive any practical value f !m4 ,i !re=e took up l9k by l9k ! *a9 ( ev5ts ( ! previ\s day1 b 9 inv]se ord]4 ,t is1 ,i began my c\rse :]e ,i left (f ! day be=e1 & ?us proce$$ t[>d ! ,tuil]ies to end at ! ,m$ical ,s*ool4 ,at ! retrospective sight ( all t m]ry1 noisy little _w1 ( all ^? fat1 *e]ful nurses1 c>eless & laugh+ z !y 71 ( ^? mo!rs ea* s t5d]ly expansive 9 contemplation ( h] *ild1 s happy 9 its heal? & /r5g?1 s joy\s & s pr\d ( its small progress1 ! recollection ( a ph5om5on :i* ,i _h n at fir/ obs]v$ /ruck me ) all ! =ce ( a vivid actuality4 ,i %\ld say1 by ! way1 t x is mu* m to ! /r5g? ( my memory ?an to ! pres5t obs]vation ( facts1 t ,i owe ^! rem>ks4 ,/ability is ! s9e qua non ( ! ?+s "o proposes to exam9e1 & ! memory mu/ possess ! s+ul> p[] ( communicat+ fixity to fugitive ?+s1 p]man5ce to in/antane\sness1 & actuality to ! pa/4 ,n[1 ! ph5om5a ( life occurr+ ) ! rapidity ( lightn+ c only be /udi$ retrospectively2 t is to say1 9 ! doma9 ( memory1 except to be v]ifi$ if ! att5tion1 free f all o!r preoeccupation1 all[s u to seize !m on ! w+ once m4 ,! rem>k sugge/$ to me by memory seem$ all ! m int]e/+ because x =m$ 9 a new ord] ( facts a flagrant opposition to ! op9ion =mulat$ by my ma/]s "u ! title ( !ory4 ,?us nature once m prov$ to me t ! only po9t 9 :i* ,i _h f\nd !m to agree1 re/$ ^u a fundam5tal error4 ,i h s9ce recogniz$ t x is ?us 9 ! majority ( cases1 s t "o may almo/ c]ta9ly pron\nce errone\s any /atem5t 9 reg>d to :i* all ! ma/]s ( art agree4 ,?is proposition at fir/ seems inexplicable1 b its reason is readily und]/ood by ^? :o "k ! sway ( falsehood ov] a society p]v]t$ 9 its op9ions z 9 its ta/es2 to ^? :o "k ! deplorable facility ) :i* error is spread & ! t5acity ) :i* x cl+s to our poor m9d4 ,error1 moreov]1 owes to our abasem5t :i* x flatt]s & cru%es1 ! privilege ( fre$om f contradiction1 & x is only 9 reg>d to tru? t ! m9ds ( m5 are divid$ & cont5d4 ,on retrac+ 9 my memory ! walks ,i _h tak5 9 ! ,tuil]ies1 ,i 0 /ruck by an important fact amid/ ! ph5om5a call$ up3 ! voice ( ! nurse or "m1 :5 %e c>ess$ h] *ild1 inv>iably assum$ ! d\ble "* ( t5uity & acut5ess4 ,x 0 9 a voice equally sweet & high-pit*$ t %e utt]$ su* words z ^!3 ,h[ lovely he is6 444 ,smile a little bit = mamma6 ,n[ ?is c>ess+ intonation1 impress$ by nature ^u ! upp] notes ( all ^! voices1 =ms a /range contra/ to ! direction :i* all s++-tea*]s agree 9 =mulat+2 a direction :i* consi/s 9 augm5t+ ! int5sity ( ! s\nd 9 direct ratio to its acut5ess4 ,?us1 to !m1 /range to say1 ! entire law ( vocal %ades w\ld consi/ 9 augm5t+ progressively ! s\nd ( ! asc5d+ phrase or scale1 & dim9i%+ 9 ! same proportion = a desc5d+ scale4 ,n[1 nature1 by a ?\s& irrefutable examples1 directs u to d ! contr>y1 t is1 %e prescribes a decrease ( int5sity 79 music1 decresc5do7 proportionate to ! asc5sional =ce ( ! s\nds4 ,ano!r bl[1 ,i ?\ght1 = my ma/]s1 or r ,i receive x = !m1 = !y1 poor fell[s1 d n feel x4 ,b h[ c ^! ph5om5a ( nature h escap$ !m1 & by :at indescribable ab]ration c !y direct1 "u ! "n ( law1 a process absolutely contr>y to t s pla9ly foll[$ by ^? same ph5om5a8 ,h[ev]1 ,i add$1 e supreme error "u p5alty ( be+ self-evid5t1 mu/1 to endure1 necess>ily re/ ^u "s tru? or o!r4 ,n[1 on :at tru? d s _m ma/]s claim to base s manife/ an error8 ,?is is :at we mu/ discov]4 ,i 0 n[ conv9c$ t c>ess+1 t5d] & g5tle emotions f9d _! normal expression 9 high notes4 ,?is is beyond all d\bt4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! =ego+ examples1 if we propose to say to a *ild 9 a c>ess+ tone t he is a d>l+1 x w\ld cle>ly be v bad ta/e to bell[ ! words at him on ! pretext t1 accord+ to s++-tea*]s1 ! int5sity ( ! s\nd is augm5t$ 9 direct ratio to its acut5ess4 ,b my memory1 z if to confirm ?is pr9ciple1 & to %[ its contra/ ) ! cu/om admitt$ by ^? g5tlem51 sugge/s to me o!r in/ances d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4 ,let a "m be angry ) h] *ild & ?reat5 him ) puni%m5t2 %e in/antly assumes a grave tone :i* %e /rives to r5d] p[]ful & int5se4 ,"h1 !n1 on ! "o h& 7& nature proclaims x71 ! voice decreases 9 int5sity 9 proportion z x rises high]2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 x increases 9 proportion z x s9ks4 ,?is d\ble fact1 und5iably e/abli%$1 con/itutes an unansw]able argum5t aga9/ ! sy/em 9 "q4 ,b x is n1 !re=e1 necess>ily its radical & absolute refutation4 ,no1 d\btless1 :atev] may be ! significance & ! numb] ( ! facts oppos$ to ! directions ( ^? g5tlem51 ^! facts d n seem to exclude exceptions ^u :i* !y may be f\nd$4 ,9 fact1 ,i f9d 9 my memory _m examples favorable to ^? ma/]s4 ,?us1 ,i h se5 _m nurses lose _! temp] & /ill use ! high] tones ( _! voice2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i also rem>k 7& ! rem>k is important7 a c]ta9 =m1 ! appellative =m1 :]e all ! *>act]s agree )\t exception 9 produc+ ! greate/ int5sity possible ^u ! high notes4 ,! pr(essors ( s++ triumph1 = !y f9d 9 ?is appellative =m1 always & necess>ily %>p & boi/]\s at ! same "t1 a /rik+ confirmation ( _! sy/em4 ,"h ,i seem to /ray f> f ! solution :i* ,i ?\ght ,i already grasp$6 ,f> f x2 ! light is break+4 ,hi!rto ! examples evok$ _h only increas$ my obscurity by _! multiplicity1 & ,i saw no?+ 9 all ^! rem>ks b a s]ies ( contradictions :5ce x seem$ impossible to d$uce any?+ b confusion1 into :i* ,i f\nd myself plung$4 ,b 0 ?is confusion really 9 ! facts :i* ,i exam9$1 or 0 x n r ! creation ( my own m9d8 ,n[1 9 ! matt] ( pr9ciple1 ! weakness ( individual reason has be5 too (t5 prov$ to me to all[ ( my atta*+ any o!r cause to ! contradictions :i* block my pa? & =ce me to confess my ignorance4 ,i w n1 !n1 "h cry mea culpa = myself or = o!rs to ju/ify t ignorance or excuse its confession4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ,god kn[s :at ,he does1 & ,8 omnipot5ce is assur$ly guiltless ( ! divagations :i* an impot5t m9d f9ds x conv5i5t to attribute to x4 ,n[1 let o!rs 9 ! bl9dness ( pr\d reason1 =get ?is tru?1 :i* !y conte/ ev5 by oppos+ to x ! quibbles = :i* free-?9k]s are nev] at a loss1 & to escape ! confusion :i* !y inevitably d]ive f ! ill-/udi$ "w ( ! ,supreme ,arti/4 ,let !m v5ture to attribute to x _! own d>kness4 ,= my "p1 ,i %all n !reby lose my conviction t all :i* seems to me disord]$ or contradictory 9 ! expression ( ! facts :i* ,i "q1 is only app>5t & only exi/ 9 my own bra94 ,! pr(\nd obscurity into :i* light plunges u does n prev5t ! light f be+2 & ! *aos ( ideas :i*1 mo/ g5]ally1 results f our exam9ation ( ?+s1 proves no?+ aga9/ ! h>monies ( _! con/itution4 ,! pebble virtually conta9s ! sp>k1 b we mu/ "k h[ to produce x4 ,?us ! ph5om5a ( nature conta9 lum9\s lessons1 b we mu/ "k h[ to make !m speak2 &1 :at is m1 und]/& _! language4 ,n[1 ,i w\ld add1 ! _s ( ,god is inh]5t 9 all ?+s2 & ?is _s %\ld1 at a giv5 mom5t1 fla% its spl5dors 9 ! eyes ( an intellect alike submissive1 att5tive1 pati5t & suppliant4 ,moreov]1 does n ! ,gospel %[ u ! way to f]tilize inve/igations su* z ^? to :i* ,i h giv5 my life8 ,does x n say3 ,knock & x %all be op5$1 ask & x %all be giv58 ,!n :at mu/ ,i d to f9d my way out ( ! maze 9 :i* my reason w&]s8 ,:at mu/ ,i d 9 pres5ce ( ! contradictions :i* nev]!less mu/ ne$s conta9 a fecund pr9ciple8 ,f9ally1 :at mu/ ,i d 9 ord] to see light break f ! v he>t ( ^? obscurities :]e9 light is lo/8 ,i w seek anew1 night & day1 if ne$ful2 ,i w knock incessantly at ! door ( ! facts :i* ,i desire to exam9e4 ,i w desc5d into ! secret dep?s ( _! organism2 !re ,i w pati5tly "q e ph5om5on1 e organ1 & ,i w entreat _! ,au?or to divulge to me _! purpose1 _! relations & _! v object4 ,well6 ,x is ?us t ^? m51 pr\d ( _! va9 k1 7 made dizzy by ! spl5dor ( t same light :i* !y ?\ght t !y c\ld subject to _! inve/igations1 & ! bl9dness :i* has fall5 ^u !m is ! puni%m5t :i* ,god is cont5t to inflict ^u !m 9 ?is _w4 ,hav+ said ?is1 :]e 0 ,i 9 my inve/igations8 ,ah6 x 0 "h4 ,! memory ( ! high inflections inv>iably affect$ by ! wom5 :om ,i _h se5 on ! previ\s day1 c>ess+ _! infants1 /ruck me ) ! m =ce t ,i _h le>n$ f my ma/]s t law :i* _h hi!rto rul$ unconte/$1 & n[ und]w5t a refutation :i* demon/rat$ ! falsity ( its applications ) a cle>ness & m9ut5ess :i* left no room = d\bt4 ,! examples 9 virtue ( :i* ,i saw ! errors ( my ma/]s1 unanim\sly proclaim$ ! t5uity ( ! voice to be 9 proportion to its acut5ess4 ,n[ ?is =mula is1 9 lett] z 9 _s1 ! rev]se ( ! prescription ^u :i*1 by a caprice ^: cause ,i h j expla9$1 all ! ma/]s ( art agree4 ,i !n p]ceiv$ t my fir/ affirmations 7 no bett] f\nd$ ?an ^? ( ! ma/]s1 ^: !ories ,i _h attack$4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is t asc5d+ progressions may arise f opposite %ades ( mean+4 ,!re=e1 said ,i to myself1 x is equally inadmissible to exclude ei!r affirmation4 ,! law is necess>ily complex3 let u br+ toge!r1 t we may seize !m z a :ole1 bo? ! contr>y expressions & ! circum/ances :i* produce !m4 ,vulg> & uncultur$ p1 z well z *ildr51 seem to act 9 reg>d to an asc5sional vocal progression 9 an inv]se s5se to well-educat$1 or1 at any rate1 affectionate p]sons1 su* z mo!rs1 fond nurses1 etc4 ,no example has1 to my k1 contradict$ ?is rem>k4 ,b :y ?is diff]5ce8 ,:at are its motive causes8 ,ha6 ,i cri$1 z if /ruck by lightn+1 ,i've f\nd ! law6 ,z ) ! movem5ts ( ! head1 s5suality & t5d]ness1 ^! %ades ( ! voice may be trac$ back to two di/9ct s\rces3 s5tim5t & passion4 ,x is s5tim5t :i* ,i h se5 reveal$ 9 mo!rs2 x is passion :i* we f9d 9 uncultur$ p]sons4 ,s5tim5t & passion1 !n1 proce$ 9 an inv]se way4 ,passion /r5g!ns ! voice 9 proportion z x rises1 & s5tim5t1 on ! contr>y1 s(t5s x 9 due ratio to its int5sity4 ,x 0 ! confusion ( ^! diff]5t s\rces :i* caus$ a mom5t>y obscurity 9 my und]/&+4 ,let u n[ =mulate boldly ! law ( vocal proportions4 ,giv5 a ris+ =m1 su* z ! asc5d+ scale1 !re w be int5sitive progression :5 ?is =m %\ld express passion 7:e!r impulse1 excitem5t or vehem5ce74 ,!re w be1 on ! o!r h&1 a dim9ution ( int5sity :]e ?is same =m %\ld express s5tim5t4 ,?is law ev5 seems regulat$ by a quantitative expression1 ! =m ( :i* appe>$ to me l a fla% ( light4 ,?is is ! =mula3 ,"u ! influ5ce ( s5tim5t ! smalle/ & mo/ insignificant ?+s t we may wi% to repres5t proportion !mselves to ! degree ( acut5ess ( ! s\nds1 :i* become s(t5$ 9 proportion z !y rise4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( passion1 on ! contr>y1 ! voice rises1 ) a correspond+ brilliancy1 9 proportion to ! magnitude ( ! ?+ x w\ld express1 & becomes l[]$ to express smallness or meanness4 ,?us an asc5d+ scale be+ giv51 x mu/ be consid]$ z a d\ble scale ( proportion1 agree+ alt]nately ) an increas+ or decreas+ int5sitive progression1 increas+ "u ! influ5ce ( passion & decreas+ "u ! influ5ce ( s5tim5t4 ,?us we w\ld n use ! same tones = ! words3 ,oh1 :at a pretty little girl6 ,:at a lovely little fl[]6 &3 ,see t nice1 fat peasant woman6 ,:at a com=table great h\se6 ,by su* =mulae z ^! ,i 0 able to sum up1 9 cle> & didactic =m1 ! multif>i\s examples sugge/$ by my memory1 />tl$ at fir/ by _! contradiction & !n delight$ at ! light ?r[n ^u !m by ^! v =mulae1 due1 n to my own m]it1 b to ! favor ( ,him :o holds 9 ,8 h& ! s\rce ( all tru?4 ,?us1 ,i feel & readily ackn[l$ge1 t ! discov]y ^u :i* ,i am at "w is n my own "w2 &1 !re=e1 ,i pray = x z = a signal favor4 ,nor c x be o!rwise ) any man4 ,x is1 !re=e1 always an imp]t95ce = any man to attribute to 8 p]sonal g5ius1 va/ z he may suppose x to be1 ! discov]y ( any law4 ,god alone discloses ,8 treasures1 &1 z ,i h exp]i5c$1 ,he only reveals !m to ! eye ( reason rais$ by humility to contemplation4 ,man seeks t :i* he desires to "k ) att5tion & pati5ce proportion$ to ! ardor ( 8 desire4 ,! att5tion ( :i* 8 m9d is capable & ! con/ancy ( w br\ght to be> 9 pursuit ( 8 rese>*1 con/itute 8 only m>k ( di/9ction4 ,h]e9 lies all ! m]it to :i* he c lay j claim4 ,b at a mom5t absolutely un=ese51 ,god reveals to him t :i* he seeks1 ,i %\ld say t = :i* he does n seek1 & = 8 due edification x is g5]ally ! opposite ( :at he seeks :i* is reveal$ to him4 ,?is is n to be conte/$4 ,?us ! ?+s discov]$ to him cause him su* surprise t he nev] fails to beat 8 br[ :5 he sees !m1 z if to prove t he is n ! au?or ( _! discov]y1 & t he 0 f> f =esee+ any?+ l :at has be5 %[n to him2 & t !re may be no possible mi/ake 9 ! int]pretation ( ! ge/ure1 he inv>iably accompanies x by ! phrase3 ,:at a fool ,i am6 ,all w admit t if a man really believ$ himself ! au?or ( 8 discov]y1 he takes a v inopportune "t to decl>e 8 impot5ce & 8 /upidity s di/9ctly4 ,b tak+ none too k9dly 8 av[al :i*1 moreov]1 is b ! proclamation ( an indisputable tru?1 let u r say t ?is act ( humility is =c$ f him by ! greatness ( 8 surprise4 ,happy1 v happy is ! man ^: pride does n in/antly react aga9/ ! humble & tru?ful confession ( 8 folly4 ,ev] s9ce ,i made ^! rem>ks ,i h ask$ myself ! cause ( ! /]ility ( ! le>n$ bodies1 & ,i d n hesitate to say to-day1 t x is because sci5ti/s refuse to decl>e !mselves fools1 & x is to ?is lack ( s9c]ity t !y d\btless owe ! puni%m5t t p>alyzes _! g5ius4 ,h[ c ^! m5 fail to take s]i\sly ! little k to :i* !y cl+ & _! =tune & r5[n2 h[ c ^! wise m51 to :om ! _w pays incessant homage1 cons5t meekly to confess ! infirmity ( _! reason8 ,!y feign1 on ! contr>y1 ev5 :5 cru%$ b5ea? ! ,div9e spl5dor1 an air ( great importance2 & :5 ! ,omnipot5t 9 ,8 m]cy deigns to b5d to _! l[ level1 to lay op5 to !m ! treasures ( ,8 sov]eign ?\ght1 d y ?9k t 9 tok5 ( ! sacr$ & respectful admiration :i* !y owe 9 return = su* goodness1 !y w pro/rate !mselves l ! ,s]aphim ^: k assur$ly equals ! few notions :i* !y adorn ) t title8 ,ah6 f> f x4 ,y little "k ^! sci5ti/s1 :5 y impute to !m an act :i* !y w\ld qualify z contemptible & w\ld decl>e unwor?y ( a free-?9k]6 ,!y /& erect1 on ! contr>y1 ) head held high1 insol5tly lay+ claim1 by virtue ( ,i "k n :at conque/ ( ! human m9d1 to judge ! et]nal & immovable light ( ! ,div9e ,reason4 ,episode ,,iv4 ,my retrospective j\rney f ?is po9t ( dep>ture seem$ de/9$ to be ev5 m full ( obs]vations ?an t :i* prec$$ x4 ,my day _h be5 s full ( "w1 s fruitful 9 unexpect$ discov]ies1 t x 0 absolutely necess>y = me to /op at ?is fir/ /ation4 ,aft] a few days ( re/ ,i naturally resum$ my walk1 t[>d ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies1 :i!r ,i 0 l$ by an in/9ct full ( promise4 ,!re1 9 fact1 fre% re-appe>ances 7 n long 9 add+ light to t ) :i* ,i 0 /ill dazzl$6 ,i rememb] t ,i _h be5 vaguely /ruck by ! contemplative attitude ( a "m t[>d h] *ild4 ,! reason :y ?is attitude /ruck me ev5 9 ! mid/ ( my absorption 9 se>* ( notes relative to ! ?umb1 01 fir/1 because ?is attitude 0 a contra/ to t assum$ by mo/ ( ! nurses "u ! action ( ! same feel+2 &1 9 ! next place1 x seem$ to d5y ! contemplative =ms :i* ,i _h d$uc$ f my fir/ discov]y1 & :i* re/$ ^u su* motives z ! foll[+3 ,t a pa9t] admires 8 "w by ?r[+ back 8 head4 ,hi!rto x _h seem$ to me cle>ly prov5 t admir+ contemplation entail$ ?is retroaction4 ,i consid]$ ?is1 x w be rememb]$1 ! *>act]i/ic feature ( a law1 & t = ! reasons :i* ,i _h previ\sly giv54 ,well6 7 all ^! reasons1 plausible z !y appe>$1 to be contradict$ by a s+le fact /ill pres5t to my memory1 9 spite ( ! obs]vations 9 ! mid/ ( :i* x arose1 & :i*1 moreov]1 %\ld h be5 m ?an en\gh to efface x8 ,/range to say1 ?is fact vaguely not$ amid/ preoeccupations to :i* x seem$ absolutely =eign1 _h rema9$ p]si/5tly 9 my m9d6 ,n[ ?is fact1 becom+ by a reflex act ! object ( s]i\s ?\ght1 result$ f ?is obs]vation3 ,t a woman1 z %e contemplat$ h] *ild1 b5t h] head t[>d x4 ,se>*+ 9 my memory1 ,i f\nd sev]al simil> in/ances completely confirm+ ?is pr9ciple1 oppos$ to my obs]vations1 t contemplation t5ds to pu% ! head t[>d ! object contemplat$4 ,& yet ?is example does n affect ^? to :i* ,i _h at fir/ paid exclusive he$4 ,"h1 z 9 ! prec$+ rem>ks1 ! law is complex1 & x mu/ fir/ be recogniz$ t contemplation or simple admiration is produc$ alike by ! retreat or advance ( ! head4 ,?is d\ble action be+ admitt$1 x rema9$ to decide h[ f> !y might be m+l$ 9 a s+le situation2 t is to say1 to :at po9t ^! two inv]se incl9ations might be produc$ indiff]5tly2 & if1 z ,i mu/ a priori suppose1 ^! incl9ations recogniz$ two di/9ct causes4 ,if s1 :at 7 ^? reasons8 ,! "q 0 n easy ( solution1 & yet x mu/ be decid$ def9itely4 ,i c\ld enjoy no peace until ,i _h answ]$ x4 ,! d\bt in/ill$ into my m9d by ?is new contradiction 0 intol]able4 ,i set boldly to "w1 det]m9$ n to pause until ,i _h f\nd a f9al solution4 ,i call$ to m9d all my memories hav+ any be>+ on ?is d\ble ph5om5on4 ,^! memories 7 f> m num]\s & f> m /rik+ ?an ,i _h d>$ to hope4 ,:at a magnific5t ?+ are ^? my/]i\s res]voirs :5ce1 at a giv5 mom5t1 fl[ ?\s&s ( pictures :i* until !n we knew n t we possess$8 ,a :ole _w ( pro/rate believ]s ador+ly turn+ _! heads t[>d ! object ( _! wor%ip1 appe>$ be=e me to support ! example af=d$ me by ! "m lov+ly b5d+ h] head t[>d ! *ild at :i* %e gaz$4 ,among o!r in/ances1 ,i saw a v5]able ma/] affectionately b5d+ 8 head t[>d ! be+ to :om he ?us seem$ ) t\*+ pr$ilection to give lum9\s in/ructions4 ,i saw lov]s gaz+ at _! lov$ "o ) ?is attractive pose ( ! head1 _! t5d]ness seem+ ?us to be eloqu5tly affirm$4 ,b1 side by side ) ^! examples1 ,i saw o!rs totally opposite2 ?us1 o!r lov]s pres5t$ !mselves to my m9d's eye ) v diff]5t aspect1 & _! numb] seem$ f> great] ?an t ( ! o!r4 ,^! lov]s delight$ to gaze at _! swee!>t z pa9t]s /udy _! "w1 ) head ?r[n back4 ,i saw mo!rs & _m nurses gaz+ at *ildr5 ) ?is same retroactive movem5t :i* /amp$ _! gaze ) a c]ta9 expression ( satisfi$ pride1 g5]ally to be not$ 9 ^? :o c>ri$ a nursl+ di/+ui%$ = its beauty or ! elegance ( its clo!s4 ,two words1 z important z !y are opposite 9 ! s5se t !y det]m9e1 are dis5gag$3 s5suality & t5d]ness4 ,su* are ! s\rces to :i* we mu/ ref] ! attitudes assum$ by ! head on sight ( ! object consid]$4 ,betwe5 ^! inv]se attitudes a ?ird %\ld naturally be plac$4 ,x 0 easy = me to *>act]ize ?is latt]3 ,i call$ x colorless or indiff]5t4 ,x is entirely natural t ! man :o consid]s an object f ! po9t ( view ( ! m]e exam9ation :i* 8 m9d makes ( x1 %\ld simply look x 9 ! face until t object _h ar\s$ ! inn]mo/ movem5ts ( ! s\l or ( ! life4 ,:5ce x inv>iably foll[s t f ! incitem5t ( ^! movem5ts1 ! head is b5t to ! side ( ! s\l or to ! side ( ! s5ses4 ,:i* is1 !n1 = ! head1 ! side ( ! s\l1 y w ask me1 & :i* ! side ( ! s5ses8 ,i w reply simply1 to cut %ort ! useless description ( ! _m drawbacks t prec$$ ! cle> demon/ration t ,i f9ally e/abli%$1 t ! side ( ! he>t is ! objective side t occupies ! int]locutor1 & t ! side ( ! s5ses is ! subjective1 p]sonal side t[>d :i* ! head retroacts2 t is to say1 ! side oppos$ to ! object "u exam9ation4 ,?us1 :5 ! head moves 9 an inv]se direction f ! object t x exam9es1 x is f a selfi% /&po9t2 & :5 ! exam9] b5ds t[>d ! object x is 9 contempt ( self t ! object is view$4 ,^! are ! two relat$ looks t ,i h nam$ ,s5suality & ,t5d]ness1 = ^! reasons3 ,! =m] ( ^! glances is address$ exclusively to ! =m ( its object2 x c>esses ! p]iph]y ( x1 &1 ! bett] to appreciate its totality1 moves away f x4 ,?is is :at occurs 9 ! retroactive attitude ( ! head4 ,! o!r look1 on ! contr>y1 aims at ! he>t ( ?+s )\t paus+ on ! surface1 disda9+ all t is ext]nal4 ,x /rives to p5etrate ! object to its v ess5ce1 z if to unite itself m closely )9 x2 x has ! expression ( confid5ce1 ( fai?--9 a ^w1 ! giv+ up ( self4 ,?us1 :5 a man presses a woman's h&1 we may affirm "o ( ?ree ?+s f ! attitude :i* 8 head assumes3 #a4 ,t he does n love h]1 if 8 head rema9s /raight or simply b5t 9 fac+ h]4 #b4 ,t he loves h] t5d]ly1 if he b[s 8 head obliquely t[>d h]4 #c4 ,f9ally1 t he loves h] s5sually--t is to say1 solely = h] physical qualities--if1 on look+ at h]1 he moves 8 head t[>d ! %\ld] :i* is opposite h]4 ,su* are1 9 brief1 ! ?ree attitudes ( ! head & ! eyes1 :i* ,i h nam$ colorless1 affectional1 s5sual4 ,h5ce=? ,i possess$ completely ! law ( ! incl9ations ( ! head1 a law :i* d]ives f its v complexity ! f]tility ( its applications4 ,episode ,v4 ,semeiotics ( ,! ,%\ld]4 ,:5 ,i f\nd myself ! possessor ( ?is law ^: triple =mula is ( a nature to defy e objection1 ,i s\ght to appropriate to myself1 be=e ! mirror1 all its applications4 ,b !re arose yet ano!r difficulty t ,i _h n =ese54 ,i1 inde$1 reproduc$1 & at ! prop] "t1 ! movem5ts ( ! head already describ$1 b !y rema9$ awkw>d & lifeless4 ,:at 0 ! cause ( ?is awkw>dness & coldness ( :i* ,i 0 well aw>e1 b :i* ,i c\ld n help8 ,i /rove unceas+ly to reproduce ! examples t liv$ s vividly 9 my memory1 b all ^! labori\s reproductions1 ^! ef=ts f memory1 7 futile4 ,! /ubbornness ( an indomitable w1 h[ev]1 l$ only to a negative result4 ,i 0 vex$ at an awkw>dness ! reason ( :i* ,i c\ld n f9d4 ,"o day1 almo/ disc\rag$ by ! lack ( success 9 my rese>*es1 ,i sorr[fully said to myself3 ,:at %all ,i d8 ,alas6 ! m ,i labor1 ! less cle>ly ,i see2 am ,i incapable ( reproduc+ nature--is ! difficulty t holds me back inv9cible8 ,z ,i utt]$ ! prec$+ words1 ,i notic$ t1 "u ! sway ( ! grief :i* dictat$ !m1 my %\ld]s 7 /rangely lift$ up1 &1 z !n ,i f\nd myself 9 ! attitude :i* ,i _h previ\sly tri$ to r5d] natural1 ! unexpect$ movem5t ( my %\ld]s1 jo9$ to t attitude1 sudd5ly impress$ x ) an expression ( life s j1 s true1 s surpris+1 t ,i 0 ov]:elm$4 ,?us ,i ga9$ possession ( an ae/hetic fact ( ! fir/ rank1 & ,i 0 z amaz$ at my discov]y z ,i 0 surpris$ t ,i _h n obs]v$ soon] a self-evid5t movem5t1 ^: p[]ful & expressive "* seems fundam5tally connect$ ) ! actions ( ! head4 ,h[ /upid ,i am1 ,i ?\ght1 n to h rem>k$ s evid5t an action ( an ag5t :i* leads ! head itself4 ,h[ c\ld ,i let ?is movem5t ( ! %\ld] escape me6 ,& ,i revell$ 9 ! pleasurable triumph ( reproduc+ & contemplat+ expressions :i* ,i c\ld n h r5d]$ previ\sly )\t di%onor+ !m4 ,!nce=? ,i und]/ood )\t a d\bt all ! importance ( ?is late/ discov]y4 ,b ?is importance1 cle>ly prov5 z x 01 0 n yet fully expla9$ to me4 ,?us1 ,i knew h5ce=? ! necessity = movem5ts ( ! %\ld]1 b ,i 0 /ill ignorant ( _! motive cause2 & ,i 0 reluctant to be long] ignorant4 ,i =esaw a concomitance ( relations betwe5 ?is movem5t ( ! %\ld] & ! expression ( ! head4 ,! %\ld]1 !n1 became1 9 its turn1 ! *ief object ( my /udies1 & ,i ga9$ !refrom cle> & indisputable pr9ciples4 ,9 ?is way ,i manag$ to =m ! bases ( my discov]y4 ,! mo!rs :om ,i _h se5 b5d+ _! heads ov] ! *ildr5 on :om !y gaz$1 ?us reveal$ some?+ unres]v$ & t\*+2 & 9 my ignorance ! important "p :i* ! %\ld] play$ 9 ! attitude _h escap$ me4 ,x 0 inde$ f ! action ( ! %\ld]1 ev5 m ?an f ! incl9ation ( ! head1 t ?is expression ( t5d]ness1 s t\*+ to behold1 proce$$4 ,! head1 9 su* a case1 accord+ly receives its greate/ sum ( expression f ! %\ld]4 ,t is a fact to be not$4 ,= in/ance1 let a head--h[ev] lov+ we may suppose x to be intr9sically--b5d t[>d ! object ( its contemplation1 & let ! %\ld] n be lift$1 t head w pla9ly lack an air ( vitality & w>m s9c]ity )\t :i* x _c p]suade u4 ,x w lack t irresi/ible "* ( int5sity :i*1 9 itself1 supposes love2 9 brief1 x w be lack+ 9 love4 ,!n1 ,i said1 ,i h f\nd 9 ! %\ld] ! ag5t1 ! c5tre ( ! manife/ations ( love4 ,yes1 if 9 press+ a fri5d's h& ,i raise my %\ld]s1 ,i %all !reby eloqu5tly demon/rate all ! affection ) :i* he inspires me4 ,if 9 look+ at a woman ,i clasp my h&s & at ! same "t raise my %\ld]s1 !re is no long] any d\bt z to ! feel+ t atta*es me to h]1 & in/9ctively e "o w say3 ,he loves h] truly2 b if1 pres]v+ ! same attitude 9 ! same situation1 ! same facial expression1 ! same movem5t ( ! head1 ,i happ5 to )hold ! action ( ! %\ld]1 in/antly all love w disappe> f my expression & no?+ w be left to t attitude b a s5tim5t vague & cold z falsehood4 ,once m1 !n1 ! incl9ations ( ! head ^: law ,i h previ\sly det]m9$1 seem1 to owe to ! %\ld] alone ! affectionate mean+ t !y express2 b ! head--z ,i h said1--9 its d\ble incl9ation1 *>act]izes two k9ds ( love 7or r two s\rces ( love7 :i* are n to be conf\nd$3 s5suality & t5d]ness4 ,:at "p1 !n1 does ! %\ld] play 9 reg>d to ?is di/9ction8 ,x w be curi\s to det]m9e ?is po9t4 ,let u see6 ,! "p play$ by ! %\ld] is consid]able 9 t5d]ness2 t is n to be d\bt$4 ,b its role seems to be less 9 s5suality4 ,?us ! %\ld] g5]ally rises less :5 ! head retroacts ?an :5 x advances t[>d ! object ( its contemplation4 ,:y is ?is8 ,is x because s5suality p]ta9s less to love ?an t5d]ness8 ,has x n ! same title to rank z "o ( ! aspects ( love8 ,9 a ^w1 :y is less dem& made ^u ! %\ld] 9 "o in/ance ?an 9 ! o!r8 ,if ,i d n mi/ake1 ! reason is ?is3 love gives m ?an x lays claim to receive1 :ile s5suality asks cont9ually & seeks m]ely ! possession ( its object4 ,love und]/&s & loves sacrifice2 x p]vades ! :ole be+2 x inspires x to be/[ its entire self1 & t gift admits ( no res]ve4 ,s5suality1 on ! contr>y1 is ess5tially selfi%2 f> f giv+ itself1 x pret5ds to appropriate & absorb 9 itself ! object ( its desires4 ,s5suality is1 s to speak1 b a di/ort$1 n>r[ & localiz$ love2 ! body is ! object ( its contemplation1 & x s5suality sees no?+ beyond ! possession ( ! object4 ,b love does n /op at ! body--t w\ld be its tomb2 x crosses ! limits ( x1 to rise to ! s\l 9 :i* x is utt]ly absorb$4 ,?us love transfigures ! be+ by consum+ its p]sonality1 :5ce x comes t he :o loves1 no long] lives 8 own life1 b ! life ( ! be+ :om he contemplates4 ,let ! vulg> cont9ually conf\nd ^! two ?+s 9 _! manife/ations2 let lov]s !mselves fail to di/+ui% accurately betwe5 t5d]ness & s5suality2 = me ?is confusion is h5ce=? =bidd51 & ,i c f ! fir/ glance boldly sep>ate !m1 ?anks to ! lessons taught me by ! inflections ( ! head4 ,b let u return to ! %\ld]4 ,am ,i n "r 9 say+ t 9 ?is ag5t ,i possess ! organic crit]ion ( love8 ,yes1 ,i ma9ta9 x4 ,b let u foll[ ! action ( ?is organ 9 its v>i\s manife/ations4 ,"o ?+ at fir/ amaz$ me1 9 view ( ! "p :i* ,i felt ,i mu/ assign to ! %\ld]4 ,:5ce comes1 if ! designation ( t role be 9 con=mity ) tru?1--:5ce comes ! activity s app>5t1 s vehem5t inde$1 :i* ! %\ld] displays 9 a movem5t ( ang] or ( m]e impati5ce8 ,:5ce comes its p]fect concomitance or relations ) moral or physical pa98 ,la/ly1 :5ce comes t univ]sal application :i* ,i j n[ p]ceiv$ cle>ly & :i*1 until n[1 ,i _h conf9$ to su* n>r[ limits8 ,b if ! elevation ( ! %\ld] is n ! crit]ion ( love1 if1 on ! contr>y1 t movem5t is met ) aga9 j z correctly associat$ ) ! mo/ contradictory impressions1 :at c x mean8 ,"h ,i 01 once aga91 ?r[n f> back f ! discov]y t ,i 0 s sure ,i possess$4 ,x is v =tunate t ,i h be5 nei!r an au?or nor a j\rnali/1 & ,i bless to-day t di/ru/ ( self :i* has sav$ me f ! mania ( writ+4 ,i highly congratulate myself on ! _s ( prud5ce t has inv>iably made me reply to :oev] press$ me to publi%3 ,:5 ,i am old4 ,age has come1 & x has f\nd me ev5 less dispos$ to publicity ?an ev]4 ,?is "w owes its exi/5ce solely to ! e>ne/ & cont9ual solicitations1 ! sometimes sev]e dem&s ( deep fri5d%ip & devotion1 :i* x 0 impossible = me to refuse4 ,?is book is n1 !n1 a spontane\s ent]prise on my "p2 x is ! "w ( fri5d%ip4 ,& if ?is book has any measure ( success1 if x accompli%es any good1 x may be trac$ back to & ackn[l$g$ z ris+ f ! nev]-fail+ enc\ragem5t ( my old fri5d ,bruck]4 ,let u return1 n[1 to :]e ,i 0 9 my rese>*es4 ,x rema9s1 !n1 = me to specify ! true mean+ ( ! %\ld]s 9 ! expression ( ! passions4 ,_! int]v5tion 9 all =ms ( emotion be+ prov5 to me1 x w\ld seem t ! v frequ5cy ( t int]v5tion %\ld exclude ! possibility ( assign+ any p>ticul> role to ?is ag5t4 ,fancy my p]plexity1 plac$ face to face ) an organ inf9itely expressive1 b ^: physiognomy is m+l$ promiscu\sly ) e s5tim5t & e passion6 ,h[1 !n1 are we to *>act]ize ! %\ld]8 ,:at "n %all we give to its dom9ant role8 ,h[ specify t supreme p[] outside ( :i* all expression ceases to exi/8 ,is x all[able = me to call x neutral8 ,& if ! univ]sal application ( t ag5t app>5tly au?orizes t appellation up to a c]ta9 po9t1 :5ce comes its importance8 ,:5ce ! empire t x ex]ts ov] ! aspect ( its cong5]s8 ,is x admissible = a neutral ag5t to ex]t s mu* action ^u ! totality ( ! =ces to :i* x is alli$8 ,assur$ly n6 ,! ^w neutral1 moreov]1 excludes ! idea ( action1 & ev5 m /rongly t ( pr$om9ant action :i* belongs surpass+ly to ! %\ld]4 ,truly1 "h 0 a treasure-h\se = me4 ,x 01 z !y say1 to give spee* to ! dogs4 ,?is new difficulty only increas$ ! det]m9ation ) :i* ,i _h pursu$ my rese>*es2 & ) ! confid5ce aris+ f ! fact t no ob/acle _h yet conqu]$ me1 ,i said to myself t ! solution ( ?is problem w\ld be due to my p]sev]ance4 ,i c\ld n1 9 view ( ! importance ( its expression1 consid] ! %\ld] z a neutral ag5t4 ,aft] sp5d+ a long "t 9 va9 /udy1 ,i 0 on ! po9t ( giv+ up z insoluble ! problem t ,i _h set myself4 ,let u see by :at simple means ,i obta9$ ! solution4 ,h[ mu* tr\ble & pa9s "o w sometimes give himself 9 look+ = spectacles t are on 8 nose6 ,! %\ld]1 9 e man :o is mov$ or agitat$1 rises s5sibly1 8 w play+ no "p 9 ! asc5sion2 ! successive developm5ts ( ?is involunt>y act are 9 absolute proportion to ! passional int5sity ^: num]ic measure !y =m2 ! %\ld] may1 !re=e1 be fitly call$ ! !rmomet] ( ! s5sibility4 ,!rmomet]1 ,i cri$1 !re is an excell5t ^w1 /rik+ly correct4 ,b h ,i n1 9 pron\nc+ x1 simply & naturally *>act]iz$ ! role t ,i am /riv+ to def9e8 ,!rmomet] ( ! s5sibility6 ,is n t ! solution ( ! enigma8 ,!rmomet]2 yes1 t is x6 ,t is ! v expression to give to my rese>*es1 an expression )\t :i* no?+ c\ld be expla9$4 ,t1 inde$1 answ]s to ev]y?+1 & makes ! difficulties aga9/ :i* my reason /ruggl$ disappe>4 ,! %\ld] is1 9 fact1 precisely ! !rmomet] ( passion z well z ( s5sibility2 x is ! measure ( _! vehem5ce2 x det]m9es _! degree ( heat & int5sity4 ,h[ev]1 x does n specify _! nature1 & x is c]ta9ly 9 an analog\s s5se t ! in/rum5t kn[n by ! "n ( !rmomet] m>ks ! degrees ( heat & cold )\t specify+ ! nature ( ! wea!r--a specification belong+ to ano!r in/rum5t1 ! complem5t ( ! !rmomet]--! b>omet]4 ,! p>allel is absolute1 p]fect4 ,let u exam9e ?is po9t3 ,! %\ld]1 9 ris+1 is n call$ ^u to tea* u :e!r ! s\rce ( ! heat or vehem5ce :i* m>k x1 arise f love or hate4 ,?is specification does n lie )9 its prov9ce2 x belongs entirely to ! face1 :i* is to ! %\ld] :at ! b>omet] is to ! !rmomet]4 ,& x is ?us t ! %\ld] & ! face ent] into h>moni\s relations to complete ! passional s5se :i* !y h to det]m9e mutually & by di/9ct pa?s4 ,n[1 ! %\ld] is limit$1 9 its prop] doma91 to prov+1 fir/1 t ! emotion express$ by ! face is or is n true4 ,!n1 aft]w>d1 to m>k+1 ) ma!matical rigor1 ! degree ( int5sity to :i* t emotion rises4 ,aft] hav+ f9i%$ ! =mulation ( ?is pr9ciple ,i exult+ly exclaim$3 ,god be prais$6 ,i n[ possess ! semeiotics ( ! %\ld]1 & !reby ,i hold ! crit]ion ( ! passional or s5sitive p[]s--a crit]ion outside ( :i* no tru? c be demon/rat$ 9 ! sph]e ( s5tim5t or feel+4 ,?us1 a ^w sugge/$ by *ance became my ,ar*im$ean lev]4 ,! ^w1 l a fla% ( light1 flood$ my m9d ) radiance :i* sudd5ly reveal$ to me ! num]\s & f]tile applications ( a pr9ciple hi!rto unkn[n4 ,yes1 ,i h5ce=? possess$ an ae/hetic pr9ciple ( ! utmo/ value1 ! consequ5ces ( :i*1 ,i c\ld readily see1 7 z novel z !y 7 pr(\nd4 ,episode ,,vi4 ,fir/ ,objection to ! ,!rmometric ,sy/em ( ! ,%\ld]4 ,! innate ae/hetic pr9ciple ( ! semeiotics ( ! %\ld] 0 at la/ cle>ly demon/rat$ to me1 & no m d\bt or unc]ta9ty ^u t po9t seem$ to me possible4 ,i might safely =mulate ! foll[+ rule3 ,:5 a man says to y 9 int]jective =m3 ,i love1 ,i suff]1 ,i am delight$1 etc41 d n believe him if 8 %\ld] rema9s 9 a normal attitude4 ,d n believe him1 no matt] :at expression 8 face may assume4 ,d n believe him--he lies2 8 %\ld] d5ies 8 words4 ,t negative =m betrays 8 ?\ghts2 &1 if he expresses ard5t passion1 y h m]ely to consult ! !rmomet] :i*1 all unwitt+ly1 he himself (f]s to y\r inspection4 ,see1 x m>ks z]o6 !re=e he lies2 d\bt x n1 he lies6 b 8 %\ld] does n lie4 ,he amiably puts x at y\r disposal--read1 read at y\r ease2 x be>s inscrib$ 9 liv+ lett]s 8 deceit & craft4 ,x c nev] *eat y1 & :5 ! g5tleman acco/s y ) su* words z3 ,de> fri5d6 h[ *>m$ ,i am to see y6 say to y\rself z y look at 8 !rmomet]3 ,traitor1 y\r delight z well z y\r fri5d%ip is bel[ z]o6 ,y try to deceive me1 b 9 va92 h5ce=? y h no secrets f me1 clumsy =g]6 ,y d n see1 z ) "o h& y pr(f] ! false jewel :i* y w\ld sell me1 t ! o!r at ! same in/ant gives me ! t\*-/one :i* reveals y\r tricks2 y\r "r h& ?us incessantly expos+ to me ! secrets ( y\r left h&6 ,:at an admirable ?+ is ?is me*anism ( ! body work+ 9 ! s]vice ( ! s\l6 ,) :at precision x reveals ! lea/ movem5ts ( its ma/]6 ,:at magnific5t ?+s x lays b>e6 ,volunt>ily or involunt>ily1 ev]y?+ leads to tru? "u ! action ( ! translucid light :i* breaks =? 9 ! work+ ( ea* ( our organs6 ,& yet1 well f\nd$ z ! prec$+ !ory may be1 solid z are ! bases ^u :i* x re/s1 is x free f any & all objection8 ,may n "s oppose to x1 = in/ance1 ! impassibility ( m5 & wom5 ( ! _w1 among :om x w\ld be difficult to f9d ! movem5ts ( ! %\ld]1 :i* su* p deem s ungraceful 9 o!rs z to deprive !m ( all desire to imitate !m8 ,n[ :at conclusions are we to draw f ! abs5ce ( ?is movem5t 9 ^? :o are kn[n z ari/ocrats8 ,mu/ we tax !m all indiscrim9ately ) falsehood8 ,"h ,i might1 & )\t hesitation1 answ] by ! affirmation1 ,yes1 all ari/ocrats lie6 ,! m$ium :i* !y con/itute & :i* is call$ ! _w is no?+ b a p]petual lie4 ,civility itself re/s ^u a lie4 ,nay1 m1 x insi/s ^u deceit z a duty4 ,heav5s1 :at w\ld become ( ! _w if tru? 7 a necessity6 ,qu>t] ( an h\r ( s9c]ity w\ld be intol]able2 444 ! inhabitants w\ld slay ea* o!r6 ,9 ! _w p display _! feel+s1 ev5 ! mo/ av[able1 ) great res]ve2 ?is prud5ce1 :i* p>alyzes ! v spr+s ( s5sitive life1 seems z if x ne$s mu/ neutralize ! role :i* ,i attribute to ! %\ld]2 & yet1 9 spite ( contr>y appe>ances1 ,i d5y t ! !rmometric action ( ! %\ld] und]goes ! lea/ alt]ation 9 ! ari/ocratic _w2 ,i d5y explicitly t ?is ag5t proves less expressive &1 above all1 less tru?ful !re ?an 9 ! /reet2 & t = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we _c reasonably suppose v ard5t passions 9 m5 :o are en]vat$ by ! p]petual influ5ce ( an artificial society4 ,n[1 "h ! /ation>y condition ( ! !rmomet] is expla9$3 x proves absolutely no?+ aga9/ ! tru? ( ! reports2 x rema9s at z]o to m>k a colorless m$ium totally de/itute ( vitality4 ,! %\ld] w\ld violate its law if x 7 to rise "u su* circum/ances4 ,x is1 !re=e1 p]fectly 9 "* "h2 x %\ld be1 a priori1 impassive 9 a negative society4 ,b is ! %\ld] really impassive 9 t m$ium :i* we call society8 ,yes1 9 ! eyes ( p :o are n ( x1 & :o1 f t v fact1 _c und]/& ! value ( c]ta9 expressions :i* are almo/ imp]ceptible2 no1 to ^? :o con/itute t special _w ( relations call$ sup]ior4 ,h[ _m ?+s1 9 fact1 ! %\ld] reveals by ^? slight *anges unse5 by ignorant p]sons1 & express+ p>ticul>ly ! delicate & exquisite *>m ( spiritual relations6 ,x is ! law ( inf9itesimal quantities1 ( ^? sc>cely p]ceptible movem5ts or s5sations t *>act]ize ! f9] relations ( p ( culture1 ( eloqu5ce1 ( grace1 & ( ref9$ ta/es4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d1 z ,i h already %[n1 t ! manife/ations ( ! %\ld] 9 ! /reet by no means accord ) ^? ( p rul$ by ! fa%ions ( society4 ,!re is v little h>mony or relation betwe5 ! exquisite jo9ts ( a ref9$ nature1 ! swift & flexible movem5ts ( an elegant organism1 & ! evolutions clumsily execut$ by torpid limbs1 ankylos$1 z x 71 by labor at once h>d & con/ant ,?is obs]vation logically l$ me to an important conclusion1 namely1 t ! value or importance ( a /&>d is d$uc$ expressly f ! nature ( ! be+1 or ! object to :i* x is appli$4 ,( :at value1 = in/ance1 c\ld a millimet] be :5 add$ to ! /ature ( a man8 ,t same millimet]1 h[ev]1 w\ld acquire a colossal value :5 add$ to ! proportions ( a flea4 ,x w\ld =m a /rik+ mon/rosity4 ,an imp]ceptible fraction may1 9 c]ta9 cases1 con/itute an enormity4 ,aga91 ! value ( a /&>d1 n ! specific or num]ical value :i* is an inv>iable basis1 b ! relative or moral value1 mu/ be d$uc$ f ! importance ( ! m$ium to :i* x applies4 ,= in/ance3 ,five hundr$ m5 con/itute a v good army 9 ! mid/ ( a peaceful population2 & ?is h&ful ( soldi]s ex]ts1 inde$1 m moral p[] ?an ! multitudes re/ra9$ "u _! gov]nm5t4 ,a smile com+ f ! lips ( a sov]eign leaves 9 ! s\l t x p5etrates a f> deep] trace ?an all ! demon/rations ( a common or vulg> cr[d4 ,! travel]1 deta9$ by ! w9t] 9 ! pol> regions1 f9ds t he is w>m & takes pleasure 9 ! discov]y1 ?\gh at ! "t ! !rmomet] m>ks #aj degrees bel[ z]o4 ,! atmosph]e ( a cave t we f9d w>m 9 w9t] seems to u1 )\t be+ modifi$ 9 ! lea/1 ( an icy coldness 9 summ]4 ,! l>ge quantity ( alcohol t labor+ p consume w\ld ru9 ! heal? ( less /rongly con/itut$ p]sons4 ,to conclude1 !n1 ^! examples prove beyond dispute t "o c only appreciate ! importance ( an act :5 he takes into acc\nt ! nature ( its ag5ts1 & t )\t ^! consid]ations he w be oblig$ to give up imm$iately all s]i\s e/imation ( ^! manife/ations4 ,"h ,i t\*1 x seems to me1 a law ( h>mony1 a curi\s law t ,i wi% to exam9e incid5tally4 ,i %all1 !n1 occupy myself ) ! objections t may1 p]haps1 be oppos$ ev5 yet to ! !rmometric sy/em ( ! %\ld] ,episode ,,vii4 ,! =ego+ /udy has1 z x seems1 e/abli%$ an important fact1 namely1 t among ! v>i\s classes ( m5 :i* make up society !re is no common /&>d ( measure4 ,x1 !re=e1 appe>s impossible1 at fir/ sight1 to e/abli% a h>moni\s scale ( relations betwe5 s _m v>i\s circles4 ,h[ev]1 if ^! circles1 :atev] _! diff]5ces may be1 7 specifi$ & suffici5tly kn[n2 if ,i c\ld1 = example1 judge a priori ( ! /yle & mode ( activity adapt$ to ea* class ( society2 9 a ^w1 if x 7 possible = me to *>act]ize ea* ( its classes dynamically1 %\ld ,i n succe$ 9 asc]ta9+ a proportionate gamut or scale among !m1 & !reby %\ld ,i n be enabl$ securely to apply ! pr9ciples e/abli%$ above8 ,let u say1 to beg9 )1 t if ea* social sph]e affects a det]m9ate "* 9 ! int5sity ( its passional evolutions1 x has1 9 consequ5ce1 its special gamut2 !n1 z _m sph]es z !re are1 s _m gamuts mu/ !re be4 ,n[1 all ^! gamuts tak5 toge!r mu/ =m a scale ( proportion 9 virtue ( :i* !y may be *>act]iz$4 ,t is obvi\s4 ,b ! difficulty is to prove ! mode or fir/ tonality ( ^! gamuts4 ,h[ are we to set to "w8 ,i cut %ort1 = ! cle>ness ( my demon/rations1 ! recital ( ! ev5ts ?r\gh :i* ,i h be5 oblig$ to pass be=e realiz+ ev5 my e>lie/ obs]vations4 ,i %all set =?1 pla9ly & simply1 ! f9al result ( my /udies2 & x w be se51 9 spite ( ! _m difficulties t may arise1 ) :at absolute c]ta9ty ! pr9ciples ,i h e/abli%$ c be appli$4 ,:at ,i ,propose4 ,i propose a great1 a wor?y subject = y\r /udy4 ,at ^? oratorical sessions :i* are rapidly increas+ "u ! "n ( conf]5ces1 sessions at :i* s _m di/+ui%$ m5 take ! floor1 y h be5 told 9 elegant t]ms1 (t5 9 eloqu5t t]ms1 ( ! sci5ces1 ( _! application & ( _! progress4 ,y h li/5$ to disc\rses ^u art1 its primitive purity1 its suppos$ pr9ciples1 its decad5ce1 its r5aissance1 its multif>i\s *anges2 its ma/]pieces h be5 po9t$ out to y2 !y h be5 describ$ to y2 y h1 9 "s degree1 be5 made famili> ) _! orig94 ,y h he>d ! /ory ( ! lives ( ! great arti/s4 ,!y h be5 %[n to y 9 _! weakness & 9 _! /r5g?4 ,! times & mann]s amid :i* !y liv$ h be5 pa9t$ = y 9 m or less imag9>y colors4 ,i propose some?+ bett] ?an all ?is4 ,i (f] y a "w sup]ior ev5 to ^? sci5ces :i* h be5 describ$ to y2 sup]ior to all :i* ! g5ius ( a ,mi*ael ,angelo or a ,raphael c\ld conceive2 a "w 9 comp>ison ) :i* all ! magnific5ces ( sci5ce & ( art mu/ pale4 ,i propose t y %\ld contemplate y\rselves6 ,no?+ is s unfamili> to man z himself4 ,i w1 !re=e1 z ,i h promis$1 %[ y ! m>vels :i* ,god himself has plac$ )9 y1 9 ! translum9\s obscurities ( y\r be+4 ,n[1 if !re be m sci5ce1 m g5ius 9 ! production ( a violet or a worm ?an is reveal$ by all ! comb9$ p[]s ( sci5ce & ( art1 h[ mu* admiration %\ld we n feel at ! sight ( all ! spl5dors :i* ,god has spread broadca/ 9 ! privileg$ "w :]e9 ,he 0 pleas$ to reveal 8 own image6 ,b a light inaccessible to ! va9 demon/rations ( y\r sci5ces con/antly removes ?is my/]i\s image f y\r gaze4 ,z light eludes ! eye :i* x illum9es1 if we w\ld seize & contemplate x1 we mu/ h two ?+s3 we mu/ h a special & a sup]natural object4 ,!re mu/ be light )9 y1 & x mu/ pi]ce ! dep?s :]e9 t image dwells4 ,"h !re is no "q ( ! light :i* %9es to %[ u ! ?+s ( ! natural _w by :i* we are surr\nd$4 ,nor is x a "q ( ! intellectual light sometimes visible to s*ol>s4 ,i speak ( t light :i* is hidd5 f ^? v s*ol>s because _! eyes c\ld n be> its lu/re1 a translum9\s light :i* fills ! s\l ) beatific visions1 & ( :i* x is said t ,god wraps x ab\t ,him z a mantle4 ,n[1 ?ree worlds1 ( ! nature ( :i* man p>takes1 are (f]$ = our contemplation4 ,^! ?ree worlds are3 ,! natural1 ! intellectual1 & ! sup]natural4 ,?ree sorts ( vision h be5 giv5 man to initiate him into ^! ?ree worlds4 ,^! diff]5t =ms ( vision are3 ,direct1 inw>d & high]4 ,by means ( direct vision man is made acqua9t$ ) ! _w ( nature2 by inw>d vision he is %[n ! _w ( sci5ce2 &1 la/ly1 by high] vision he sees ! _w ( grace4 ,b z !re c be no vision :]e no light p5etrates1 x foll[s t betwe5 ! ?ree k9ds ( vision describ$ & ! correspond+ worlds !re mu/ int]v5e ?ree sorts ( light1 9 ord] to produce ! triple vision necess>y = ! k ( man3 ,direct vision--sid]eal light--natural _w4 ,inw>d vision--! light ( tradition--! _w ( sci5ce4 ,high] vision--reveal$ light--sup]natural _w4 ,su* are ! conditions necess>y = ! und]/&+ ( my demon/rations4 ,hav+ prep>$ y\r eye = ! vision ( ^! ?ree worlds :i* s]ve z ! bases ( art1 ,i %all1 !n1 reveal to y _! spl5dors2 happy if1 ?us1 ,i c help to make y bless ! au?or ( s _m m>vels1 & communicate to y ^? ke5 joys :i* p]petuate 9 ! s\l a f\nta9 ( y\? :i* c nev] be qu5*$ by ! infirmities ( ! body4 ,! ,beautiful ,beauty is t reason itself :i* presides at ! creation ( ?+s4 ,x is ! inv9cible p[] :i* attracts & subjugates u 9 x4 ,! ,beautiful admits ( ?ree *>act]s1 :i* we di/+ui% "u ! titles ( ideal beauty1 moral beauty1 pla/ic beauty4 ,plato def9$ ideal beauty :5 he said3 ,beauty is ! spl5dor ( tru?4 ,/4 ,augu/9e said ( moral beauty t x is ! spl5dor ( goodness4 ,i def9e pla/ic beauty z ! pla/ic manife/ation ( tru? & goodness4 ,9 s f> z x responds to ! p>ticul> type 9 accordance ) :i* x is =m$1 e creature be>s ! cr[n ( beauty2 because 9 its correspond5ce ) its type x manife/s1 accord+ to its capacity1 ! ,div9e ,be+ :o creat$ x4 ,! ,beautiful is an absolute pr9ciple2 x is ! ess5ce ( be+s1 ! life ( _! functions4 ,beauty is a consequ5ce1 an effect1 a =m ( ! ,beautiful4 ,x results f ! attractions ( ! =m4 ,! attraction ( ! =m comes f ! nobility ( ! function4 ,?is is :y all functions n be+ equally noble1 all d n admit ( beauty4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( beauty is to be amiable2 consequ5tly a ?+ is ugly only 9 view ( ! amiable ?+s :i* we seek 9 beauty4 ,beauty is to ! ,beautiful :at ! individual reason is to ! ,div9e reason ( ?+s4 ,human reason is b "o ray ( a va/ orb call$ ! reason ( ?+s1--,div9e reason4 ,let u say ( beauty :at we h said ( ! individual reason1 & we %all und]/& h[ ! ,beautiful is to be di/9t+ui%$ f x4 ,beauty is "o ray ( ! ,beautiful4 ,beauty is ! expression ( ! object = :i* ! ?+ is4 ,x is ! /amp ( its functions4 ,x is ! transp>5cy ( ! aptitudes ( ! ag5t & ! radiance ( ! faculties :i* x gov]ns4 ,x is ! ord] :i* results f ! dynamic disposition ( =ms op]at$ 9 view ( ! function4 ,beauty is bas$ on ?ree conditions3 ,cle>ness1 integrity & due proportion4 ,beauty exi/s 9 ! practical k ( ! t5d5cies affect$ by ! =m 9 view ( ! object = :i* x is2 9 view1 above all1 ( ! action :i* x ex]ts ^u ! be+s ) :om x is 9 relation4 ,?us a ?+ is n only beautiful f ! transp>5cy ( its aptitudes1 x is especially s f ! beauty ( ! acts :i* its use det]m9es abroad4 ,?is is ! reason :y beauty is to all creatures an object ( appet5cy1 ( desire & ( love4 ,tr9ity4 ,!re is a my/]y full ( deep in/ruction1 a my/]y ^: div9e obscurities surpass all ! light ^: spl5dors dazzle u by _! sup]natural cl>ity1 & :i*1 z a great sa9t once said1 radiates spl5did beams & floods ) ! glory ( its fires ^? spirits :o are bl9d ) ! bl9dness ( hol9ess4 ,?is my/]y1 outside ( :i* all is to man d>k & incompreh5sible1 illum9ates ev]y?+ & expla9s x 9 ! s5se t x is ! cause1 ! pr9ciple & ! end ( all ?+s4 ,?is dazzl+ my/]y is ! univ]sal crit]ion ( all tru?2 x is ! sci5ce ( sci5ces1 :i* is self-def9+ & ^: "n is ,tr9ity4 ,"h we =esee an objection to :i* we mu/ fir/ reply4 ,"s w be surpris$ t a sy/em decl>$ to be infallible %\ld re/ ^u a my/]y2 !y w ask :at a my/]y c h to d ) a purely didactic "q4 ,pati5ce6 ,y %all see t x _c be o!rwise4 ,no?+ is m evid5t ?an light1 yet light is a my/]y1 ! mo/ obscure ( all my/]ies4 ,?us light escapes ! eye & x does n see t by means ( :i* x sees4 ,n[1 if light is a my/]y1 :y %\ld n my/]y be a light8 ,let u see fir/ :at ! *ur* tea*es u 9 reg>d to ?is my/]y4 ,god is a ^w :i* s]ves z a pretext = e ,utopia1 = e illusion & = e human folly4 ,! ,tr9ity is ! express refutation ( all ^! /upidities2 x is _! rem$y1 corrective & pres]vative4 ,deprive me ( ! ,tr9ity & ,i c no long] und]/& aught ( ,god4 ,all becomes d>k & obscure to me1 & ,i h no long] a rational motive = hope4 ,! ,tr9ity1 ! hypo/atical basis ( be+s & ?+s1 is ! reflection ( ! ,div9e ,maje/y 9 its "w4 ,x is1 z x 71 a reflection ^u u ( its own light4 ,! ,tr9ity is our guide 9 ! appli$ sci5ces ( :i* x is at once ! solution & ! enigma4 ,! ,tr9ity is manife/ 9 ! smalle/ divisions ( ! ,div9e "w1 & is to be reg>d$ z ! mo/ f]tile means ( sci5tific inve/igation2 = if x is at once ! cause1 ! pr9ciple & ! end ( all sci5ce1 x is its infallible crit]ion & we mu/ />t f x z an immovable axiom4 ,e tru? is triangul>1 & no demon/ration responds to its object save 9 virtue ( a triply triple =mula4 ,!ory ( ,processional ,relations2 or ( ! ,connection betwe5 ,pr9cipiants & ,pr9cipiates4 ,,!orem4 ,ea* t]m 9 ! ,tr9ity is *>act]iz$ processionally by ! arrangem5t ( ! relations :i* unite x to its cong5]s4 ,we w repres5t ! nature ( ^! relations by an arr[1 ! head ( :i* />ts f ! pr9cipiant1 t\*+ ) its po9t ! pr9cipiate4 ,example4 ,pr9cipiant t]ms --------------- ,pr9cipiate t]ms ,?is e/abli%$1 let u see by :at sort ( relations we are to di/+ui% ! p]sons 9 ! ,tr9ity repres5t$ by #a1 #b & #c4 #a4 ,! ,fa!r--a t]m exclusively pr9cipiant1 giv+ ! mission & n receiv+ x4 #b4 ,! ,son--a t]m bo? pr9cipiant & pr9cipiate1 receiv+ & giv+ ! mission4 #c4 ,! ,holy ,gho/--a t]m exclusively pr9cipiate1 receiv+ ! mission & n giv+ x4 ,illu/ration ,,typical ,,arrangem5ts ,,bas$ ,,on ,,! ,,k ,,( ,,! ,,processional ,,relations ,,int]unit+ ,,! ,,p]sons ,,9 ,,! ,,tr9ity4 #c _/ _/ _/ ,b_/ ,c _/ ,,tr9ity _/ #a_/ #b --------------- ,a ,illu/ration ,a4 ,relation ( g5]ation />t+ f ! g5]ator1 end+ at ! eng5d]$ 7#b71 express+ by its horizontality ! co-equality ( ! pr9cipiant ) ! pr9cipiate4 ,b4 ,relation ( spiration />t+ f ! spirator or fir/ pr9cipiant #a1 end+ at ! pr9cipiate #c4 ,c4 ,relation ( spiration />t+ f ! spirator or second pr9cipiant #b1 end+ at ! pr9cipiate #c1 emanat$ by way ( ! common spiration ( its d\ble pr9ciple #a & #b4 ,vici\s ,arrangem5ts4 ,rev]sal ( ! ,processional ,relations & ,confusion ,:i* ,leads to ,rev]sals4 ,^! fir/ ?ree examples s9 f lack ( a necess>y relation%ip1 9 default ( :i* ! extreme t]ms _c be designat$4 ,"h1 !re=e1 ! int]m$iate t]m alone c be e/imat$4 #a -------- #b -------- #c ,"h ! ,son (f]s ! relational *>act]i/ics ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 #a -------- #b -------- #c ,"h ,he plays ! "p ( ! ,fa!r by ! arrangem5t ( ,8 relations4 #a -------- #c -------- #b ,"h ! ,holy ,gho/ is evid5tly out ( place1 = ,he indicates relations :i* belong only to ! ,^w4 7#a47 ,accord+ to ^! relations1 ! ,holy ,gho/ plays ! "p ( ! ,son1 & ! ,son t ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,illu/ration #c _/ #a _/ v #a------b 7#b47 ,"h all ! relations are rev]s$ s t ! ,fa!r plays ! "p ( ! ,son2 ! ,holy ,gho/ plays ! "p ( ! ,fa!r2 &1 f9ally1 ! ,son t ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,illu/ration #c _/ _/ #b v v #a------b 7#c47 ,?is curi\s example repres5ts by ! id5tical arrangem5t ( ! t]ms t x br+s toge!r1 ?ree ,sons2 t is to say1 ! p]son ( ! ,son ?ree times ov]4 ,illu/ration #c _/ #c _/ v #a------b 7#d47 ,ano!r rev]sal ( ! relations1 :i* d]ives ! ,holy ,gho/ f ! ,fa!r1 ! ,fa!r f ! ,son1 & ! ,son f ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,illu/ration #c _/ _/ #d v #a------b ,passion ,( ,signs4 ,signs ( ,passion4 ,^! two t]ms at fir/ sight seem v simil>4 ,x is n s4 ,!y express two :olly di/9ct ?+s4 ,!re=e to "k ! mean+ ( words by no means proves "o capable ( f9d+ words & fitt+ !m to ! mean+4 ,x is cle>ly easi] to translate a language ?an to write x1 & j z we mu/ le>n to translate be=e we c compose1 s we mu/ become ?or\ghly famili> ) semeiotics be=e try+ to "w at ae/hetics2 &1 z ! sci5ce ( semeiotics is /ill :olly incomplete1 x is1 !re=e1 absolutely impossible t t :i* is call$ ae/hetics %\ld 9 ! lea/ resemble ! sci5ce :i* ,i h j def9$4 ,i h %[n y ae/hetics z a sci5ce4 ,i h giv5 y its def9ition4 ,i h fix$ its special "p 9 ! sum total ( k :i* goes to make up art2 moreov]1 ,i h po9t$ out :at ?is sci5ce is int5d$ to tea* y4 ,i h1 by s do+1 assum$ s]i\s obligations t[>d y4 ,i mu/ ne$s produce "u ?is title some?+ m ?an m]e fanta/ic reflections ^u works ( art1 or m or less attractive /ories ab\t _! au?ors & ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,x w n be s amus+1 b assur$ly x w be m pr(itable1 & t is all = :i* ,i aspire4 ,art1 !n1 is an act ^: semeiotics *>act]izes ! =ms produc$ by ! action ( p[]s1 :i* action is det]m9$ by ae/hetics1 & ! causes ( :i* are s\ght out by ontology4 _/ ,ontology exam9es ! con/itu5t virtues ( ! be+4 ,art4 ,a,esthetics exam9es its p[]s4 ,semeiotics *>act]izes its =ces4 _/ ,inh]5t =m ( s5tim5ts 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,a,esthetics4 ,art4 ,metaphysical =m ( ! pr9ciples 4 4 ,ontology4 ,organic =m ( signs 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,semeiotics4 ,! object ( art1 !re=e1 is to reproduce1 by ! action ( a sup]ior pr9ciple 7ontology71 ! organic signs expla9$ by semeiotics1 & ^: fitness is e/imat$ by ae/hetics4 ,semeiotics is ! sci5ce ( ! organic signs by :i* ae/hetics mu/ /udy inh]5t fitness4 ,a,esthetics is ! sci5ce ( ! s5sitive & passional manife/ations :i* are ! object ( art1 & ^: psy*ic =m x con/itutes4 ,if semeiotics does n tell u ! passion :i* ! sign reveals1 h[ c ae/hetics indicate to u ! sign :i* x %\ld apply to ! passion t x /udies8 ,9 a ^w1 h[ %all ! arti/ translate ! passion :i* he is call$ ^u to express8 ,a,esthetics det]m9es ! inh]5t =ms ( s5tim5t 9 view ( ! effects ^: tru? ( relation x e/imates4 ,semeiotics /udies organic =ms 9 view ( ! s5tim5t :i* produces !m4 ,x is ?us t wisdom & reason proce$ 9 inv]se s5se f ! pr9ciple to ! k :i* is ! object ( bo?4 ,wisdom1 9 fact1 /udies ! pr9ciple 9 its consequ5ces1 :ile reason /udies ! consequ5ces 9 ! pr9ciple1 h5ce x comes t wisdom & reason are (t5 at w> ) ea* o!r2 h5ce also ! obscurity :i* g5]ally prevails z to ! di/9ction betwe5 !m4 ,let u say t wisdom & reason are to intellig5ce :at ae/hetics & semeiotics are to art4 ,let u add to ?is p>allel t wisdom & reason are to intellig5ce :at ae/hetics & semeiotics are to ontology2 t is3-- #a4 ,if1 f a c]ta9 organic =m1 ,i inf] a c]ta9 s5tim5t1 t is ,semeiotics4 #b4 ,if1 f a c]ta9 s5tim5t1 ,i d$uce a c]ta9 organic =m1 t is ,a,esthetics4 #c4 ,if1 aft] /udy+ ! arrangem5t ( an organic =m ^: inh]5t fitness ,i am suppos$ to "k1 ,i take possession ( t arrangem5t "u ! title ( me?ods1 inv>iably to reproduce t =m by sub/itut+ my individual w = its inh]5t cause1 t is ,art4 #d4 ,if ,i det]m9e ! initial ph5om5a "u ! impulsion ( :i* ! inh]5t p[]s act ^u ! organism1 t is ,ontology4 #e4 ,if ,i tell h[ t organism behaves "u ! inh]5t action1 t is ,physiology4 #f4 ,if ,i exam9e1 "o by "o1 ! ag5ts ( t organism1 x is ,anatomy4 #g4 ,if1 amid ^! diff]5t /udies1 ,i seek by means ( analogy & g5]alization = light to guide my /eps t[>d my advantage1 t is ,sy/em4 #h4 ,if ,i make t light pr(itable to my mat]ial & spiritual int]e/s1 t is ,reason4 #i4 ,if ,i add to all ?is ! lov+ contemplation ( ! ,supreme ,au?or 9 ,8 "w1 t is ,wisdom4 ,let u n[ leave ! ab/ractions to :i* y h k9dly l5t y\r att5tion4 ,i _c "h avoid ca/+ a rapid glance at ^? s\rces ( sci5ce & art1 ! s\rces :5ce ,i desire to draw applications :i* ,i am assur$ w int]e/ y z !y int]e/ me4 ,may !y af=d y ! same delight6 ,by li/5+ to me ?us f> y h pass$ ?r\gh ! pro(s requisite = y\r initiation into sci5ce z well z art2 into sci5ce1 ^: v def9ition is unkn[n to ! le>n$ bodies1 s9ce !y h nev] /udi$ aught ( x b its specialties2 into art1 ^: v fundam5tal basis is unsuspect$ by ! ,s*ool ( ,f9e ,arts1 z ,i h else:]e demon/rat$4 ,!re=e1 ,i n[ desire 9 ! c\rse ( ^! lectures to set aside ! t]ms ( a te*nology :i* ,i c\ld n avoid at ! outset1 & by ! recital ( my labors & my rese>*es1 my disappo9tm5ts & my discov]ies1 to %[ y ! pa9ful bir? ( a sci5ce1 ^: possession entitles me to ! honor ( address+ y to-day4 ,def9ition ( ,=m4 ,=m is ! g>b ( sub/ance4 ,x is ! expressive symbol ( a my/]i\s tru?4 ,x is ! tradem>k ( a hidd5 virtue4 ,x is ! actuality ( ! be+4 ,9 a ^w1 =m is ! pla/ic art ( ! ,ideal4 ,we h to consid] ?ree sorts ( =m3 ,! =m assum$ by ! be+ at bir? & :i* we w call con/itutional =m4 ,"u ! sway ( cu/om =ms und]go modifications3 ,we w call ^! =ms habitual =ms4 ,!n !re are ! fugitive =ms1 modifications ( ! con/itutional =m1 :i* are produc$ "u ! sway ( passion4 ,^! =ms1 :i* we w call accid5tal1 passional or transitory1 are fugitive z ! ?+s :i* give !m bir?4 ,on ,di/9ction & ,vulg>ity ( ,motion4 ,motion g5]ally has its reaection2 a project$ body reb\nds & x is ?is reb\nd :i* we call ! reaection ( ! motion4 ,reb\nd+ bodies are agreeable to ! eye4 ,lack ( ela/icity 9 a body is disagreeable f ! fact t lack+ suppl5ess1 x seems z if x mu/1 9 fall+1 be brok51 flatt5$ or injur$2 9 a ^w1 mu/ lose some?+ ( ! integrality ( its =m4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! reaection ( a body :i* proves its ela/icity1 & :i*1 by ?is v quality1 gives u a sort ( pleasure 9 witness+ a fall1 :i* ap>t f ?is reaection c\ld n be o!r ?an disagreeable4 ,!re=e1 ela/icity ( dynamic motions is a prime necessity f ! po9t ( view ( *>m4 ,9 ! vulg> man !re is no reaection4 ,9 ! man ( di/9ction1 on ! contr>y1 motion is ( slight ext5t & reaection is enorm\s4 ,reaection is bo? sl[ & rapid4 ,ge/ure4 ,! arti/ %\ld h ?ree objects3 ,to move1 to int]e/1 to p]suade4 ,he int]e/s by language2 he moves by ?\ght2 he moves1 int]e/s & p]suades by ge/ure4 ,language is ! weake/ ( ! ?ree ag5ts4 ,9 a matt] ( ! feel+s language proves no?+4 ,x has no real value1 save t :i* is giv5 to x by ! prep>ation ( ge/ure4 ,ge/ure corresponds to ! s\l1 to ! he>t2 language to ! life1 to ! ?\ght1 to ! m9d4 ,! life & ! m9d be+ subord9ate to ! he>t1 to ! s\l1 ge/ure is ! *ief organic ag5t4 ,s x has its appropriate "* :i* is p]suasion1 & x borr[s f ! o!r two ag5ts int]e/ & emotion4 ,x prep>es ! way1 9 fact1 = language & ?\ght2 x goes be=e !m & =etells _! com+2 x acc5tuates !m4 ,by its sil5t eloqu5ce x pr$isposes1 x guides ! li/5]4 ,x makes him a witness to ! secret labor p]=m$ by ! imman5ces :i* are ab\t to bur/ =?4 ,x flatt]s him by lead+ him to feel t he p>takes 9 ?is prep>ation by ! initiation to :i* x admits him4 ,x cond5ses into a s+le ^w ! p[]s ( ! ?ree ag5ts4 ,x repres5ts virtue effective & op]ative4 ,x assimilates ! auxili>ies :i* surr\nd x1 & reflects ! imman5ce prop] to its nature1 ! contemplation ( its subject deeply se51 deeply felt4 ,x possesses !m syn!tically1 fully1 absolutely4 ,arti/ic ge/ure is ! expression ( ! physiognomy2 x is translum9\s action2 x is ! mirror ( la/+ ?+s4 ,lacordaire1 t spoil$ *ild ( ! intellect1 spoke magnific5tly4 ,he int]e/$1 he ar\s$ admiration1 b he did n p]suade4 ,8 organism 0 rebelli\s to ge/ure4 ,he 0 ! arti/ ( language4 ,ravignan1 inf]ior intellectually1 prep>$ 8 audi5ce by 8 attitude1 t\*$ !m by ! g5]al expression ( 8 face1 fasc9at$ !m by 8 gaze4 ,he 0 ! arti/ ( ge/ure4 ,?us1 if we s+1 let u n =get t ! prelude1 ! refra91 is ! spiritual expression ( ! song2 t we mu/ take advantage ( ?is exordium to guide ourselves1 to pr$ispose our he>]s 9 our favor2 t we mu/ po9t out to !m1 mu/ make !m =esee by ! expression ( our face ! ?\ght & ! words :i* are to foll[2 t1 9 fact1 ! ravi%$ spectator may be dazzl$ by a song :i* he has n yet he>d1 b :i* he div9es or ?9ks t he div9es4 ,def9ition ( ,ge/ure4 7,comp>e ,delaumosne1 page #dc47 ,ge/ure is ! direct ag5t ( ! he>t4 ,x is ! fit manife/ation ( feel+4 ,x is ! reveal] ( ?\ght & ! comm5tator ^u spee*4 ,x is ! elliptical expression ( language2 x is ! ju/ification ( ! additional mean+s ( spee*4 ,9 a ^w1 x is ! _s ( :i* spee* is m]ely ! lett]4 ,ge/ure is p>allel to ! impression receiv$2 x is1 !re=e1 always ant]ior to spee*1 :i* is b a reflect$ & subord9ate expression4 ,ge/ure is f\nd$ on ?ree bases :i* give rise to ?ree ord]s ( /udies2 t is1 to ?ree sci5ces1 namely3 ,! /atic1 ! dynamic & ! semeiotic4 ,:at are ^! ?ree sci5ces1 &1 fir/ ( all1 :at are !y 9 relation to ge/ure8 ,! semeiotic is its m9d2 ! dynamic is its s\l2 ! /atic is f\nd$ on ! mutual equilibrium or equipoise ( ! ag5ts4 ,! dynamic pres5ts ! multiple action ( ?ree ag5ts2 t is to say1 ( ! con/itu5t =ces ( ! s\l4 ,! semeiotic pres5ts to our scrut9y a triple object = /udy4 ,x sets =? ! cause ( ! acts produc$ by ! dynamic & ! /atic h>monies4 ,moreov]1 x reveals ! mean+ ( ! types :i* =m ! object ( ! sy/em4 ,x (f]s u a k ( ! =mal or con/itutional types1 ( ! fugitive or accid5tal types1 &1 f9ally1 ( ! habitual types4 ,! triple object ( ! dynamic are ! rhy?mic1 inflective & h>monic =ms4 ,dynamic rhy?m is f\nd$ ^u ! important law ( mobility1 inv]sely proportionate to ! masses mov$4 ,dynamic inflections are produc$ by ?ree movem5ts3 ,direct movem5ts1 rot>y movem5ts & movem5ts ( flexion 9 ! arc ( a circle4 ,dynamic h>mony is f\nd$ on ! concomitance ( ! relations exi/+ betwe5 all ! ag5ts ( ge/ure4 ,?is h>mony is regulat$ by ?ree /ates1 namely3 ,! tonic or ecc5tric /ate1 ! atonic or conc5tric /ate1 & ! normal /ate4 ,x1 !re=e1 rema9s = u to fix ! ?ree vital conditions ( ! /atic "p ( ge/ure4 ,! vital condition ( ! /atic is bas$ ^u ! k ( ! n9e /ations4 ,! _s ( ! /atic entails ! /udy ( sc5ic planes :i* embrace ?ree conditions3 ,! condition ( ! p]sonage 9 relation to ! sc5ic c5tre or to ! int]locutor :om he addresses2 9 ! second place1 8 situation2 &1 f9ally1 ! direction assum$ by 8 body 9 reg>d to ! conditions already indicat$4 ,! s\l ( ! /atic is 9 ! h>monic opposition ( ! surfaces mov$4 ,! mo/ p[]ful ( all ge/ures is t :i* affects ! spectator )\t 8 kn[+ x4 ,f ?is /atem5t may be d$uc$ ! pr9ciple t3 ,outw>d ge/ure1 be+ only ! e*o ( ! inw>d ge/ure :i* gave bir? to x & rules x1 %\ld be inf]ior to x 9 developm5t & %\ld be 9 "s sort diaphan\s4 ,attitudes ( ! ,head4 ,! head1 consid]$ 9 its ?ree direct poses1 pres5ts ?ree conditions or /ates4 ,:5 fac+ ! object contemplat$1 x pres5ts ! normal /ate2 b5t =w>d & 9 ! direction ( ! object1 x pres5ts ! conc5tric /ate2 rais$ & consid]+ ! object f above1 x pres5ts ! ecc5tric /ate4 ,comp>e ,delaumosne1 page #fe4 ,if1 n[1 we consid] ea* ( its attitudes 9 connection ) a d\ble lat]al incl9ation ( :i* !y are capable1 we h ! foll[+ n9e3 #a4 ,! fir/ is normal4 ,! head is nei!r high nor l[1 ! glance be+ direct4 #b4 ,! second is *>act]i/ic ( t5d]ness4 ,?is attitude consi/s 9 b5d+ ! head obliquely t[>d ! int]locutor4 ,! body1 9 ?is attitude1 %\ld n face ! object2 ?us ! head1 9 b5d+ t[>d x1 b5ds sidewise 9 relation to ! body4 #c4 ,! ?ird attitude is *>act]i/ic ( s5suality4 ,?is attitude is m>k$ by an incl9ation q ! rev]se ( ! second2 t is to say1 away f ! int]locutor4 ,naturally1 9 ?is attitude1 z 9 ! prec$+ "o1 ! glance is oblique2 ! head be+ b5t =w>d & backw>d1 is "h plac$ obliquely4 #d4 ,! f\r? is *>act]i/ic ( scrut9y1 reflection4 ,! head 9 ?is attitude is b5t =w>d z we said 9 conc5tration1 & ! eye1 f ! ef=t to l[] ! head1 is ?r[n up to inspect ! object4 #e4 ,! fif? is *>act]i/ic ( v5]ation4 ,?is attitude (f]s ! same incl9ation z ! second2 b "h1 z ! head mu/ be l[]$1 ! eye is direct$ bo? obliquely & upw>d4 #f4 ,! six? is *>act]i/ic ( suspicion4 ,?is attitude (f]s ! same incl9ation z ! ?ird1 ) ! conc5tric modifications indicat$ = ! prec$+ "o4 #g4 ,! sev5? is *>act]i/ic ( exaltation1 passion4 ,?is attitude is ecc5tric & direct1 z we h already said4 #h4 ,! eigh? attitude is *>act]i/ic ( ab&onm5t1 extreme confid5ce4 ,?is attitude pres5ts ! incl9ation ( ! second & ! fif?1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t "h ! head is ?r[n back & ! eye1 in/ead ( be+ b5t directly ^u ! object z 9 ! second & upw>d z 9 ! fif?1 "h gazes d[nw>d4 #i4 ,! n9? attitude is *>act]i/ic ( pride4 ,?is la/ attitude takes ! incl9ation ( ! six? & eigh? attitudes1 ) ! diff]5ces 9 gaze indicat$ 9 ! =ego+4 ,?us1 to sum up :at we h already said1 we see t ! fir/1 f\r? & sev5? attitudes are directly t[>d ! object2 t ! second1 fif? & eigh? b5d obliquely t[>d ! object2 &1 f9ally1 t ! ?ird1 six? & n9? are ! result ( an oblique incl9ation away f ! object4 ,,note4--,x is to be und]/ood t ! v>i\s attitudes ( ! head are ass]t$ only 9 reg>d to ! direction tak5 by ! eye4 ,?us x is n absolutely true to say t ! head is 9 ! ecc5tric /ate because x is rais$2 = x may be t1 rais$ z x is1 ! direction ( ! eye may be ev5 high] ?an x1 &1 9 t case1 ! head might1 al?\gh rais$1 pres5t ! aspect ( ! conc5tric /ate4 ,!n x w\ld be true to say t ! head pres5ts ! conc5tric /ate 9 a high direction4 ,attitudes ( ! ,h&s4 ,! h&s1 l ! legs1 h ?ree k9ds ( attitudes4 ,!y op5 )\t ef=t & pres5t ! normal /ate2 !y close & pres5t ! conc5tric /ate2 !n !y op5 =cibly & pres5t ! ecc5tric /ate4 ,^! ?ree k9ds ( attitudes produce n9e =ms4 #a4 ,! fir/ is *>act]i/ic ( acceptance4 ,9 ?is ! h& is pres5t$ op5 )\t ef=t1 ! f+]s close toge!r & ! palm up4 #b4 ,! second is *>act]i/ic ( c>ess+4 ,9 ?is attitude ! palm ( ! h& faces ! object consid]$ & g5tly foll[s its =ms4 #c4 ,! ?ird is *>act]i/ic ( negation4 ,?is attitude is execut$ 9 ! foll[+ fa%ion3 ,! arm & h& are plac$ z 9 c>ess+2 b1 in/ead ( foll[+ ! =m ( ! object1 ! h& rids itself ( x by a rot>y movem5t1 ?us plac+ ! palm 9 a lat]al direction4 #d4 ,?is attitude is execut$ ) ! clos$ fi/1 ! arm hang+ naturally1 t is1 )\t any action det]m9$ by ! w4 #e4 ,! fif? is *>act]i/ic ( w4 ,?is attitude consi/s 9 c>ry+ ! fi/ =w>d1 ! back up4 #f4 ,! six? attitude is *>act]i/ic ( m5ace4 ,?is attitude is effect$ by an outw>d rot>y movem5t compress$ 9 ! fi/1 s t1 contr>y to ! w1 ! back ( ! h& is d[n4 #g4 ,! sev5? is *>act]i/ic ( desire4 ,! h&1 9 ?is attitude1 moves =w>d z 9 ! fir/1 b ) ! diff]5ce t "h ! f+]s are spread ap>t1 ?is spread+ signify+ ,i d n possess1 expresses desire4 ,!re is1 by ! fact ( ! advance ( ! h&1 aspiration & n possession4 #h4 ,! eigh? is *>act]i/ic ( imprecation4 ,x consi/s 9 /ret*+ ! palm ( ! h& t[>d ! object z 9 a c>ess1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! f+]s are spread ap>t1 ?us (f]+ a repulsive aspect4 #i4 ,! n9? is *>act]i/ic ( refusal1 repulsion4 ,x consi/s 9 c>ry+ ! h& obliquely z 9 negation1 obs]v+ ! spread+ ( ! f+]s :i* *>act]izes ?is species4 ,affirmation--,! ,h&4 ,to make ! demon/ration ( ! diff]5t affirmations ( ! h& m cle>1 we employ ! cube :i*1 z is well kn[n1 has six faces1 eight angles1 & twelve edges4 ,:5 ! h& is plac$ ^u a flat surface ! affirmation is simple2 :5 ! h& is plac$ ^u an angle ! affirmation is triple or common to ?ree faces or surfaces4 ,!re are ?ree directions 9 ! cube3 ,horizontal1 v]tical & transv]se4 ,s1 too1 !re are ?ree directions possible = ! h& 9 relation to ! body3 #a4 ,abduction--:i* removes1 #b4 ,adduction--:i* br+s close1 & #c4 ,! normal direction4 ,!re are ?ree sorts ( adduction1 ?ree sorts ( abduction1 & ?ree sorts ( normal direction4 ,!re are ?ree horizontal1 ?ree v]tical & ?ree transv]se directions2 h5ce n9e t]ms applicable to ! n9e modes ( pres5t+ ! h& 9 connection ) ! cube1 :i* are3 ,illu/ration3 ---------------------------------------- ----- _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ,,upp] ,,surface4 _/ _/ _/ _/ ,to hold4 _/ _/ _/ ---------------------------------------- ----- ,o ,i ,u ,n ,t ,w ,w ,a ,a ,r ,,front ,,surface4 ,r ,d ,t ,d o ,to reta94 ,t ,l ,l o ,a w ,limit4 -- ,a ,t i ,t b ,e t ,obta94 ,e e ,r h ,r l ,a d ,,back ,,surface4 ,a o ,l r ,l n a ,to ma9ta94 g ,s w ,s 4 ,u 4 ,conta94 ,u ,r ,r ,f ,f ,a ,a ,c ,c ,e ,e 4 4 ---------------------------------------- ---- _/ _/ _/ ,,l[] ,,surface4 _/ _/ _/ _/ ,to su/a94 _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ---------------------------------------- ----- ,table ( ! ,normal ,"* ( ,^! ,n9e ,attitudes4 _/ #b4 ,conc5tric 4 4 ,conflict4 #b4 ,conc5tro4 #c4 ,normal 4 4 4 4 ,p[]4 #a4 ,ecc5tric 4 4 ,convulsion4 _/ #b4 ,conc5tric 4 4 ,pro/ration4 #c4 ,normo4 #c4 ,normal 4 4 4 4 ,ab&on4 #a4 ,ecc5tric 4 4 ,expansion4 _/ #b4 ,conc5tric 4 4 ,execration4 #a4 ,ecc5tro4 #c4 ,normal 4 4 4 4 ,exaltation4 #a4 ,ecc5tric 4 4 ,exasp]ation4 ,^! n9e physiognomies ( ! h& modify ^? ( ! face1 (t5 supply _! place & sometimes ev5 contradict !m4 ,:5 !y are appropriate to ! h& & face alike1 !re is homog5eity4 ,! expression ( ! h&s results f ! cooep]ation ( ?ree ord]s ( ph5om5a4 ,! fir/ ord] comprises ! intr9sic physiognomies assum$ by ! h& "u ! influ5ce ( ! passions4 ,! second ord] comprises ! attitudes assum$ by ! h& t[>d ! object ( ! passion4 ,! ?ird ord] comprises ! evolutions impress$ ^u ! h& by ! body1 =e-arm & %\ld]4 ,^! evolutions are s _m inflections4 ,we "k ! n9e attitudes appropriate to ! h&1 & ! n9e attitudes designat$ by ! n9e modes ( pres5tation ( ! h& 9 reg>d to ! cubic surfaces4 ,we mu/ exam9e ! n9e inflections :i* arise 9 ! fir/ in/ance f ! ?ree directions1 ant]o-po/]ior1 v]tical & transv]se4 ,^! inflections aga9 include ?ree movem5ts ( ?ree k9ds3 ,direct movem5ts1 circul> movem5ts & oblique movem5ts4 ,^! movem5ts are produc$ by ?ree sorts ( action3 ,sectional action1 rot>y action & translative action4 ,to recapitulate3 ,^! physiognomies1 attitudes & inflections =m by _! comb9ation ! multif>i\s expressions ( :i* ! h& is capable1 z are all p>ts ( ! body4 ,hav+ spok5 ( ! affirmations ( ! h&1 we mu/ speak ( its degree ( c]ta9ty ( :i* ! arm is ! !rmomet]4 ,?is affirmation v>ies ) ! angle =m$ by ! =e-arm ) ! arm4 ,all ^! modes ( affirmation may be appli$ to negation4 ,attitudes ( ! ,legs4 #a4 ,! fir/ attitude is normal2 x consi/s ( an equal balance ( ! weight ( ! body on ! two legs4 ,?is attitude is t ( ! soldi] c>ry+ arms1 )\t ! /iffness assum$ by ! wilful regul>ity ( rigid discipl9e4 ,x is also t attitude tak5 by a man 9 ! act ( salutation2 x is also *>act]i/ic ( ! weakness ( a *ild or ( old age2 x is ! sign ( respect4 ,comp>e ,delaumosne1 p4 #ajj4 #b4 ,! second attitude is *>act]i/ic ( repose 9 /r5g?4 ,! weight ( ! body is ?r[n ^u "o hip1 ! free leg be+ c>ri$ =w>d4 ,?is *ange %\ld be effect$ )\t t5sion or /iffness4 ,?is attitude is also *>act]i/ic ( c]ta9 conc5tric passions hidd5 "u seem+ calm4 #c4 ,?is attitude is *>act]i/ic ( vehem5ce1 ( :i* x is ! type4 ,x is preem95tly ! ecc5tric attitude4 ,x consi/s 9 c>ry+ ! :ole weight ( ! body =w>d1 ! backw>d leg ext5d$ 9 equal proportion to ! =w>d poise ( ! torso4 #d4 ,?is attitude is *>act]i/ic ( ! weakness :i* foll[s vehem5ce4 ,x is ! type ( conc5tration2 x is also 9 "* z 9 species ! antipodes ( ! ?ird attitude1 s9ce x is its resolute expression4 ,?is attitude consi/s 9 ?r[+ ! :ole weight ( ! body backw>d1 contr>y to ! prec$+ attitude :]e ! body 0 br\ght =w>d1 & 9 b5d+ ! leg :i* be>s ! weight ( ! body1 :i* is also ! rev]se ( ! prec$+ attitude1 :]e ! leg is ext5d$4 ,?is attitude is ne>ly t ( ! f5c+-ma/]2 x diff]s1 h[ev]1 9 ! position ( ! backw>d foot1 :i*1 9 f5c+1 is turn$ outw>d4 ,! regul>ity ( ?is attitude may be v]ifi$ by kneel+1 :i* is its p>oxysm4 ,if ! attitude is well done x leads to x naturally4 #e4 ,! fif? attitude s]ves z a prep>ation = oblique /eps2 x is also colorless1 transitive1 susp5sive4 ,x ends all ! angles =m$ by walk+4 ,we may def9e ?is attitude z a ?ird transv]sal2 t is to say1 ! free leg1 in/ead ( be+ beh9d z 9 ! ?ird1 is impassive1 s t ! body1 in/ead ( be+ advanc$1 %\ld be slightly incl9$ to "o side4 #f4 ,! six? attitude is an attitude ( pomp & c]emony4 ,x is only assum$ 9 ! pres5ce ( k+s1 pr9ces1 or p]sons = :om we h great respect4 ,we w def9e ?is attitude z a ?ird cross$ proce$+ f ! fif?2 t is to say1 ! free leg ( ! fif? becomes ! /rong leg mov+ sidewise & slightly =w>d1 ?us cross+ ! back leg4 #g4 ,! sev5? attitude is an attitude *>act]i/ic ( absolute repose4 ,x is ! /ronge/ attitude1 &1 consequ5tly1 t assum$ by intoxication to resi/ a lack ( equilibrium4 ,x is ! attitude ( v]tigo1 or ( extreme tru/4 ,d n be surpris$ by ! br++ toge!r ( ^! v diff]5t & opposite t]ms 9 "o & ! same attitude4 ,x is a suffici5t explanation to say t ! /rong attitude is s\ght out by weakness z a weak attitude is s\ght by /r5g?4 ,?is attitude consi/s 9 ! division ( ! weight ( ! body betwe5 bo? legs1 :i* are spread wide ap>t 9 p>allel directions4 ,?is attitude w\ld be improp] 9 a p>lor4 #h4 ,! eigh? attitude is an attitude *>act]i/ic ( ! alt]nation betwe5 ! (f5d] & def5d]4 ,x is ! exact m$ium betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r?2 x1 !re=e1 expresses moral z well z physical alt]nation4 ,a man plac$ betwe5 ! (f5sive & ! def5sive always assumes ?is attitude z if to s\nd ! res\rces ( 8 c\rage 9 face ( an enemy /rong] ?an himself2 9 ?is attitude he may advance or rec$e4 ,?is attitude is a sev5?1 ^: direction1 in/ead ( be+ lat]al1 is p>allel to ! body & ant]o-po/]ior4 ,9 ?is position ! body faces ! =w>d leg1 bo? legs be+ spread wide ap>t1 z 9 ! sev5?1 bo? receive an equal portion ( ! weight ( ! body4 #i4 ,! n9? attitude is *>act]i/ic ( defiance4 ,?is attitude is a /iff second4 ,x diff]s only 9 t ! free leg is rigid in/ead ( be+ b5t z 9 ! second4 ,to execute ?is attitude ?or\ghly well ! free leg mu/ be /ret*$ to ! v utmo/1 )\t all[+ ! /rong leg to b5d z 9 ! f\r?1 :i* is ! only attitude :]e ! /rong leg %\ld be b5t4 ,to prev5t ?is flexion1 ! body mu/ be c>ri$ well ov] on ! hip ( ! /rong leg1 s t ! side ( ! free leg may be elongat$4 ,*>t ,consid]$ f ! ,organic ,po9t ( ,view4 ,illu/ration #b4 ,! ,son1 #c4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 #a4 ,! ,fa!r4 ,hav+ exam9$ ! table organically1 we w /udy x ess5tially4 ,example4 ,:at we h call$ ecc5tric1 conc5tric & normal1 we w call vitality1 intellectuality & spirituality2 la/ly1 hav+ e/abli%$ ?is table f ! organic & ! ess5tial po9t ( view1 x rema9s = u to exam9e x ae/hetically & f a practical po9t ( view4 ,let u fir/ exam9e a few ge/ures1 = in/ance3 ,( ! ,h&4 #c colorless /ate ab&onm5t _/ _/ _/ _/ #c expansion #a _/ #b pro/ration #c exaltation #c p[] _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ #a _/ #b #a _/ #b #a _/ #b exasp]ation execration convulsive /ate /ruggle ,( ! ,eye4 ab&onm5t _/ _/ _/ _/ #c indiff]5ce _/ moros5ess /upor depression or somnol5ce _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ #a _/ #b #a _/ #b #a _/ #b surprise firmness contempt cont5tion ( m9d ,( ! ,torso4 dynamic app>atus _/ _/ _/ _/ #c limbs _/ head l>ynx veil ( ! palate _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ #a _/ #b #a _/ #b #a _/ #b lungs m\? lips tongue ,a,esthetic ,division4 #c pure spirituality _/ _/ _/ _/ #c vital s\l #a _/ #b intellectual s\l #c spiritual life #c spiritual intellect _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ #a _/ #b #a _/ #b #a _/ #b animal life intellectual life animal intellect m5tal intellece _/ ,m9d _/ ,sci5ce ,human ,hypo/ases ,s\l ,worlds ,grace ,life ,nature _/ ,light _/ ,! m9d _/ di/+ui%es ,div9e ,attributes ,love ,functions ,! s\l reunites ,p[] ,! life ass]ts _/ ,und]/&+ _/ ,speculative ,faculties ,w ,reasons ,f9al ,memory ,sem9al _/ ,trial g5]ates fai? ,!ological ,virtues ,tribulation g5]ates exp]i5ce ,fulfilm5t g5]ates *>ity ,! ,holy ,tr9ity ,recov]$ 9 ,s\nd4 ,s\nd is ! reflection ( ! ,div9e image4 ,9 s\nd !re are ?ree reflex images3 ,! reflex ( life2 ( ! intellect2 & ( love4 ,!y result f ! p>allel & simultane\s action ( ?ree ag5ts3 ,! projective 7life71 reflective 7intellect71 & vibrative 7love74 ,s\nd conta9s ?ree s\nds3 ,t ( ! tonic1 ! dom9ant1 & ! m$iant4 ,! tonic 7,fa!r7 necess>ily g5]ates ! dom9ant 7,son71 & ! m$iant 7,holy ,gho/7 proce$s necess>ily f ! fir/ two4 ,py?agoras discov]$ ?is law4 ,pass+ be=e a blacksmi?'s %op1 he he>d ! s\nd ( heavy hamm] /rokes ^u a =ge4 ,he recogniz$ p]fectly t ea* bl[ gave out beside ! pr9cipal tone 7tonic7 two o!r tones1 :i* correspond$ to ! twelf? & sev5te5? ( ! tonic4 ,n[1 ! twelf? rev]s$ is no?+ b ! fif? or dom9ant1 & ! sev5te5? becomes1 by a d\ble rev]sion1 ! ?ird or m$iant ( ! tonic4 ,let u say1 !n1 t e tone necess>ily conta9s ! tonic its g5]ator1 ! dom9ant its eng5d]$1 & ! m$iant :i* proce$s f ! o!r two4 ,! reu5ion ( ^! ?ree tones :i* makes !m into "o1 =ms ! p]fect *ord4 ,full & absolute consonance is ! expression ( union1 ( love1 ( ord]1 ( h>mony1 ( peace2 x is ! return to ! s\rce ( goodness1 to ,god4 ,if a f\r? =m %\ld be add$ to ! p]fect *ord1 to consonance1 !re w\ld necess>ily be a dissonance4 ,?is f\r? c only ent] by an ef=t1 almo/ by viol5ce4 ,x is outside ( pl5itude1 ( ! calm e/abli%$ by ! ,div9e law2 x produces a pa9ful s5sation1 a dissonance4 ,z soon z !re is a discord1 a dissonance1 ! animal cries out1 ! dog h[ls1 in]t bodies suff] & vibrate2 b all is ord] & calm aga9 :5 consonance returns4 ,spee*4 ,spee* is an act po/]ior to w1 itself po/]ior to love2 ?is aga9 po/]ior to judgm5t1 po/]ior 9 its turn to memory1 :i*1 f9ally1 is po/]ior to ! impression4 ,e impression1 to become a s5sation1 mu/ fir/ be p]ceiv$ by ! intellig5ce1 & ?us we may say ( ! s5sation t x is a def9ite impression4 ,b1 to be def9ite1 x mu/ pass into ! doma9 ( memory & !re solicit ! reappe>ance ( its cong5]s ) :i* x may id5tify itself4 ,x is 9 ?is app>atus & surr\nd$ by ?is ?rong ( homog5e\s impressions :i* ga!r r\nd x1 z if by magic1 or r :i* x draws ab\t x z ! magnet draws ! iron1 x is1 ,i say1 9 ?is complex /ate t x appe>s be=e ! intellig5ce to receive f ! latt] a fitt+ "n4 ,= ! intellig5ce c\ld n give x a "n if ! homog5e\s impressions 9 :i* x has1 s to speak1 array$ itself1 did n s]ve to po9t x out4 ,n[1 by ?is di/9ction1 e/abli%$ by ! d\ble op]ation ( ! memory & ! intellig5ce1 a movem5t takes place 9 ! s\l1 ( attraction1 if ! intellig5ce approve2 or ( repulsion1 if x disapprove4 ,?is movem5t is call$ ! w4 ,! w1 !re=e1 becomes ! active pr9ciple 9 virtue ( :i* spee* is express$2 ?us spee* is ! express ag5t ( ! w4 ,x is spee*1 9 fact1 :i*1 "u ! incubation ( ?is my/]i\s p[]1 rules1 gr\ps & moves bodies ) ! aid ( memory4 ,inflection is ! life ( spee*2 ! m9d lies 9 ! articulative values1 9 ! di/ribution ( ^! articulations & _! progressions4 ,! s\l ( spee* is 9 ge/ure4 ,brea?+4 ,brea?+1 accord+ to its =m ( production1 is3 7#a7 ,co/al or comb9$2 7#b7 diaphragmatic2 7#c7 co/o-diaphragmatic4 ,brea?+ is a triple act bas$ ^u ?ree ph5om5a3 ,inspiration1 susp5sion1 expiration4 ,f ! successive pr$om9ance ( ea* ( ^! ?ree ph5om5a1 or f _! equal balance1 result eighty-"o respiratory acts1 :i* may be r$uc$ to ?ree t]ms3 ,! brea?+ is normal1 spasmodic1 or sibilant4 ,!re are ?ree que/ions to be consid]$ 9 reg>d to brea?+3 #a4 ,h[ %\ld x1 ! brea?1 be produc$ to ga9 ! greate/ developm5t = ! voice8 #b4 ,:at place %\ld x occupy 9 spee*8 #c4 ,:at aspect does x assume "u ! influ5ce ( ! passions8 ,9 o!r words1 ?ree *>act]s may be attribut$ to respiration3 ,vocal1 logical1 pa!tic or passional4 ,vocal ,respiration4 ,! lungs con/antly conta9 a quantity ( air1 :i* is ! s\rce ( life & ) :i* we _c disp5se )\t inconv5i5ce to heal? & to ! voice4 ,! quantity ( air requisite = ! r5ew+ ( ! blood1 & :i* is call$ ! brea? ( life1 am\nts to a ?ird ( :at ! lungs are capable ( receiv+4 ,9 ord] to s+1 !re=e1 x mu/ be increas$ by two-?irds1 & x is ?is borr[$ brea? only :i* %\ld be giv5 out 9 s++4 ,:5 ! lungs are ?us fill$ ) air1 ! s\nd is produc$ by escapem5t4 ,f ?is x receives great] =ce1 & its production1 f> f be+ a fatigue1 becomes a relief4 ,inspiration %\ld always be foll[$ by a susp5sive sil5ce2 o!rwise ! lungs1 agitat$ by ! act ( inspiration1 p]=m ! expiration badly4 ,logical ,respiration4 ,logical respiration con/itutes ! respiration itself4 ,susp5sion expresses retic5ce1 disquietude4 ,inspiration is an elem5t ( dissimulation1 conc5tration1 pa94 ,h5ce1 we h normal1 oppressive1 spasmodic1 sup]ior1 sibilant1 rattl+1 int]mitt5t1 crackl+1 & hicc\gh+ respiration4 ,expiration is an elem5t ( tru/1 expansion1 confid5ce & t5d]ness4 ,if ! expression conta9s bo? pa9 & love1 ! inspiration & expiration w bo? be noisy2 b ! "o or ! o!r w pr$om9ate accord+ z pa9 pr$om9ates ov] love1 or vice v]sa4 ,passional ,respiration4 ,! s\rce ( passional respiration lies 9 ! agitation ( ! he>t4 ,! effect ( respiration is mo/ p[]ful1 = ! slight] & m imp]ceptible ! ph5om5a are1 ! m effect !y h ^u ! auditors4 ,vocal ,organ4 ,! organ assumes at bir? a =m2 ?is =m is call$ ! timbre or tone1 ,?is tone corresponds to ! con/itutional =m4 ,"u ! sway ( habit1 ! =m assumes an acquir$ tone :i* is call$ emission4 ,! emissive =m corresponds to ! habitual tone4 ,"u ! sway ( emotion ! voice is modulat$ & assumes =ms :i* we w call passional or transitory4 ,! m\? is normal1 conc5tric & ecc5tric4 ,see *>t 9 ,delaumosne1 page #ha4 ,f ^! ?ree types we h succe$$ 9 fix+ & classify+ =ty-eight million ph5om5a4 ,def9ition ( ! ,voice4 ,! voice is ! ess5tial elem5t 9 s++4 ,x is bas$ ^u s\nd4 ,?is is bas$ ^u ?ree ag5ts3 ,! projective ag5t1 or ! lungs4 ,! vibrative ag5t1 or ! l>nyx4 ,! rev]b]ative ag5t1 or ! m\?4 ,ea* ( ^! ag5ts acts 9 diff]5t ways1 n9e acts result+ !refrom1 :i* we w call products ( phonetic acts4 ,! projective ag5t 9 its special activities eng5d]s ,int5sities1 ,%ades1 ,respirations4 ,! vibrative ag5t 9 its special activities eng5d]s ,prolations1 ,pa!tic effects1 ,regi/]s4 ,! rev]b]ative ag5t 9 its special activities eng5d]s ,emissions1 ,articulations1 ,v[els4 ,to recapitulate1 ! phonetic ag5ts give u n9e products2 b1 :5 /udi$ f ! vocal po9t ( view1 ^! products become z _m elem5ts & mu/ be exam9$ f ! triple po9t ( view ( prep>atory1 practical & transc5dant /udies4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 "k fir/ ! g5]al def9ition ( ^! elem5ts1 _! cause & _! !oretical hi/ory1 :i* con/itutes phonology or ! prep>atory /udy ( ! voice4 ,secondly1 we mu/ "k ! physical ord] 9 virtue ( :i* ^! ph5om5a may be acquir$ or develop$4 ,! v>i\s special ex]cises & ! vices to be avoid$ con/itute phonation or ! practical /udy ( ! voice4 ,?irdly1 we mu/ "k & appreciate ! physiological1 intellectual & moral mean+ ( ^! elem5ts1 ! diff]5t relations ( resemblance1 ( opposition & ( id5tity :i* exi/ betwe5 ^! diff]5t ph5om5a4 ,! modes ( application or pr9ciples ( /yle =m ! transc5d5t /udy or ae/hesiophony1 t is1 ! voice appli$ to feel+1 etc4 ,:at ! ,regi/] is4 ,! regi/] is an intr9sic modification ( ! s\nd2 a modification :i* is produc$ 9 ! l>ynx itself & :i* does n belong to ! m\?4 ,n[1 we may say ( regi/]s t !y are to ! l>nyx :at emissions are to ! m\?4 ,?us regi/]s =m a physiognomy :i* ! s\nd assumes 9 ! l>ynx1 & emissions =m ! physiognomy :i* t same s\nd takes on 9 ! m\?4 ,on ,%ad+4 ,light & %ade are n1 z has be5 ass]t$1 subject to ! arbitration or inspiration ( ! mom5t4 ,!y are rul$ by laws2 = 9 art !re is n a s+le ph5om5on :i* is n subject to absolute ma!matical laws4 ,a k ( ^! laws is important1 ! art ( %ad+ =m+ ! basis ( /yle4 ,! op9ion :i* makes ! asc5d+ phrase progressive is false six times out ( sev54 ,x is only correct 9 ! foll[+ cases3 #a4 ,if an asc5d+ phrase enc\nt]s no repeat$ & no dissonant note x is progressive1 & ! culm9at+ note is ! mo/ int5se4 ,x has "o degree ( int5sity4 #b4 ,if we f9d a note repeat$ 9 ! asc5d+ phrase1 t note1 ev5 if x be ! l[e/ ( all1 mu/ be made m important ?an ! highe/ note & w h two degrees ( int5sity4 ,9 ?is case1 ! high] ! voice rises ! s(t] x mu/ become2 = !re _c be m ?an "o culm9at+ po9t 9 a musical phrase any m ?an 9 a logical or mimetic phrase4 ,all s\nds mu/1 !re=e1 dim9i% 9 proportion to _! di/ance f ?is c5tre ( expression1 f ?is repeat$ note4 ,! reason ( ! int5sity ( a repeat$ note lies 9 ! fact t we repeat only t ?+ :i* we desire1 & ?is int5sity gives x a great] value4 #c4 ,if ! repeat$ note be at ! same "t ! culm9at+ note1 x w require a new degree ( int5sity4 ,x w h ?ree degrees ( int5sity4 #d4 ,we may possibly f9d a dissonant note 9 ! asc5d+ phrase1 ) a repeat$ culm9at+ note4 7,?is note w\ld1 !n1 be m ?an an indication2 x w\ld receive an adjective =m f ! accid5t1 assum+ 9 ! musical phrase ! value t an adjective w\ld h 9 a logical phrase47 ,its int5sity1 !re=e1 w\ld be great] ?an t ( ! highe/ repeat$ note1 & x w\ld h f\r degrees ( int5sity4 #e4 ,if ! dissonant note is also ! highe/ note1 x acquires f t position a fif? degree ( int5sity4 #f4 ,x may happ5 t ! dissonant note appe>+ 9 a ris+ phrase is repeat$2 by reason ( ?is repetition x w\ld receive a six? degree ( int5sity4 #g4 ,f9ally1 if ! dissonant note is at ! same "t culm9at+ & repeat$1 x has sev5 degrees ( int5sity4 ,pa!tic ,effects4 ,pa!tic effects are n9e 9 numb]1 ! pr9cipal ( :i* are z foll[s3 ,! veil$ tone2 ! flat or compress$ tone2 ! smo!r$ tone2 ! ragg$ tone2 ! vibrant tone4 ,! la/ is ! mo/ p[]ful4 ,vibration or tremolo1 bad :5 produc$ involunt>ily by ! s+]1 becomes a brilliant quality :5 x is volunt>y & us$ at an opportune "t4 ,e break mu/ be prec$$ by a vibration1 :i* prep>es ! way = x4 ,prolations are l>yngeal articulations4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 n to sub/itute pectoral articulations = !m4 ,! *e/ is a passive ag5t2 x %\ld furni% no?+ b ! brea?4 ,! m\? & ! l>ynx alone are entitl$ to act4 ,on ! ,te>+ ( ! ,voice4 ,exub]ance ( ! conta9$ br+s on de/ruction ( t :i* conta9s x4 ,te>+ ( ! voice1 !re=e1 %\ld only be associat$ ) an excessive ext5sion ( ! s\nd ^: int5sity1 z we h demon/rat$1 is 9 inv]se ratio to ! dramatic proportion4 ,numb]4 ,! figure #a is *>act]i/ic ( unity & measure4 ,! figure #b1 :i* is ! measure 9 ! #a1 %\ld become subord9ate 9 its greatness & be equal ) x4 ,x is ano!r "o :i* gives bir? to ! idea ( numb]4 ,! idea ( numb] c only arise f ! pres5ce ( t]ms ( ! same nature4 ,?us ! idea ( numb] _c arise f ! pres5ce ( a c>t & a toad4 ,we %all ?us h two v di/9ct unities1 hav+ no k9d ( relation to ea* o!r4 ,!re mu/1 !re=e1 be equality be=e !re c be numb]4 ,?is is s true t we _c say ( a man & a *ild t !y are two m5 or two *ildr51 because ! "o is n equal to ! o!r4 ,x is1 !re=e1 f ! po9t ( an attributive equality t we are enabl$ to say3 ,!y are two4 ,b we c say3 ,!re are two be+s1 because 9 reg>d to be+ !y are equal "o to ! o!r4 ,we n[ und]/& h[ two equals "o1 t ! two figures h an equal importance1 & t ! figure #a conta9s exclusively ! idea ( measure2 ! figure #b conta9s ! idea ( numb]1 :i* is n 9 ! #a1 ?is be+ ! *>act]i/ic feature by :i* ! two t]ms diff]4 ,n[1 h[ are we to =m a p]fect unity betwe5 ^! two equal b di/9ct t]ms8 ,a s+le op]ation w suffice to give u ! idea we wi%1 & ?is op]ation is reveal$ to u entire 9 ! ^w weight4 ,9 fact1 ! two t]ms c only be unit$ by ?is ^w4 ,we feel t #a & #b give u a common weight1 ! sum ( :i* is repres5t$ by ! figure #c4 ,! figure #c is1 !re=e1 equal 9 importance to #a & to #b2 x ma9ta9s equality 9 ! t]ms ( :i* x is ! repres5tative1 & its *>act]i/ic feature is equally important ) ^? already describ$4 ,?us to ! figure #a belongs ! idea ( measure2 to ! figure #b belongs ! idea ( numb]2 to ! figure #c belongs exclusively ! idea ( reu5ion1 ( community1 ( unity 9 f9e1 :i* no o!r figure c reveal to u4 ,we may say3 #a & #a are equal among !mselves1 9 ! unity ( ! figure #c2 or1 9 o!r words3 ,measure & numb] f9d _! unity 9 weight4 ,m$allion ( ,inflection 7,comp>e ,delaumosne1 page #aai47 ,illu/ration ,explanation4--,! v]tical l9e #a 7f top to bottom7 expresses affirmation1 confirmation2 #b1 ! horizontal l9e1 expresses negation4 ,! oblique l9es1 #c & #d1 f )9 outw>d & f )\t inw>d1 express rejection4 #d1 an oblique l9e f )9 outw>d rejects ?+s :i* we despise4 #c1 a l9e f )9 outw>d1 rejects ?+s :i* oppress u & ( :i* we wi% to get rid4 #e1 ! quadrant ( a circle1 ^: =m recalls t ( a hammock1 expresses well-be+1 cont5tm5t1 confid5ce & happ9ess4 #f1 a simil> quadrant ( a circle1 an ecc5tric curvil9e>1 expresses secrecy1 sil5ce1 dom9ation1 p]suasion1 /ability1 imposition1 inclosure4 ,! re5t]+ ext]nal curvil9e> quadrant ( a circle1 #g1 expresses graceful1 delicate ?+s4 ,produc$ 9 two ways1 f above d[nw>d1 x expresses physical delicacy2 f bel[ upw>d1 moral & intellectual delicacy4 ,! ext]nal quadrant ( a circle1 #h1 expresses exub]ance & pl5itude1 amplitude & g5]osity4 ,! circul> l9e surr\nd+ & embrac+ is *>act]i/ic ( glorification & exaltation4 ,examples4 ,illu/ration #a4 ,y may believe #b4 ,t none1 oh ,"l #c4 ,_h su* glory #d4 ,or su* happ9ess4 ,illu/ration ,?y voice1 bro!r1 _c be he>d4 ,illu/ration ,aft] su* a m>vel "o might believe a ?\s& o!rs )\t rais+ 8 eyebr[s4 ,illu/ration ,! o!r 0 a p]fect ma/] ( ! art ( *eat+4 ,rem>k4--,^! inflections be+ produc$1 x is ess5tial to "k ! c5tre f :i* !y emanate4 ,! amplitude ( ! circle describ$ mu/ be 9 h>mony ) ! object 9 "q4 ,?us a circle may be produc$ ) ! entire arm1 & glorification is ! ?+ 9 "q4 ,illu/ration grace1 elegance ,illu/ration *>m1 elevation ,illu/ration ,light & amiable4 ,illu/ration ,light & spiritual4 ,! half qu>t] ( a circle *>act]i/ic ( exub]ance comb9$ ) ! half qu>t] circle *>act]i/ic ( delicacy1 expreses grace4 ,x is delicacy mix$ ) abundance2 t5uity support$ by g5]osity4 ,illu/ration ,! rejection ( a contemptible ?+ 7#d7 conclud$ by happ9ess1 well-be+ 7#e7 signifies t repose w n be pur*as$ at ! co/ ( a contemptible ?+4 ,illu/ration ,! possession ( happ9ess4 ,illu/ration ,! #c comb9$ ) ! #e rejection ( an illusory happ9ess4 ,note4--,! figures #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 ref] to ! correspond+ figures 9 ! ,m$allion ( ,inflection4 ,! h& plac$ horizontally1 ! back upp]mo/ pir\ett+ on ! wri/ alt]nately 9 pronation & sup9ation1 ?us pass+ f =ce to feebl5ess & f feebl5ess to =ce1 *>act]izes irritability4 ,comp>e ,delaumosne1 pages #aad-aah4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>t ( ,man4 ,human ,nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,*>t ( ! ,angels4 ,angelic ,nature4 ,! ,nature ( ! ,colors ( ,ea* ,circle 9 ! ,color ,*>ts4 ,r$1 ,blue & ,yell[4 ,r$ is ! color ( life4 ,inde$1 ?is is ass]t$ by fire1 by ! heat ( ! blood4 ,blue is ! color ( ! m9d4 ,is n blue ! color ( ! sky1 ! home ( pure intellects1 set free f ! body1 :o see & "k all ?+s8 ,to !m ev]y?+ is 9 ! light4 ,yell[ is ! color ( ! s\l4 ,yell[ is ! color ( flame4 ,flame conta9s ! w>m? ( life & ! light ( ! m9d4 ,z ! s\l conta9s & unites ! life & ! m9d1 s ! flame w>ms & %9es4 ,comp>e ,delaumosne1 page #aeg4 ,! ,attributes ( ,reason4 ,! human reason1 t haughty faculty1 deifi$ 9 our age by a myriad ( p]v]se & commonplace m9ds kn[n "u ! d]isive & d\bly va9 title ( free?9k]s1 is b bl9d1 despite its high op9ion ( its own insight4 ,yes1 & we affirm by c]ta9 intuition t man's reason is n & _c be o!rwise ?an bl9d1 aside f ! reveal+ pr9ciple :i* only enlight5s x 9 proportion to its subord9ation2 =1 ab&on$ to itself1 reason c only err & mu/ fatally fall into an abyss ( illusions4 ,! melan*oly age 9 :i* we live b too (t5 (f]s u an example ( ! lam5table mi/akes into :i* we are hurri$ by misguid$ reason1 :i*1 yield+ to a crim9al presumption1 des]ts )\t remorse ! pr9ciple sup]-ab\nd+ 9 life1 light & glory4 ,to und]/& su* an anomaly1 to expla9 h[ reason1 :i* con/itutes "o ( ! highe/ attributes ( man1 is s f> subject to error1 x is ess5tial to h a ?or\gh appreh5sion ( ! complexity ( its nature4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! real nature ( ! reason s little /udi$ & s illy kn[n by ^? v m5 :o raise alt>s 9 its honor8 ,let u try to produce a cle> demon/ration4 ,& let u fir/ say t reason does n con/itute a prim>y pr9ciple 9 man2 = a prim>y pr9ciple c\ld nev] mi/ake its object4 ,nei!r is x a prim>y faculty2 x is only ! =m or ! mann] ( be+ ( su* a faculty1 & ?us _c be a light 9 itself4 ,! rays by :i* x %9es are ext]nal to x 9 ! s5se t x receives !m f ! pr9ciple :i* gov]ns & f]tilizes x4 ,/ill1 let u say t1 al?\gh nei!r a pr9ciple nor a faculty1 reason is none ! less1 ) consci5ce1 ( :i* x =ms ! base1 ! noble/ p[] ( man2 = ?is p[] ,god creat$ free2 free f subjection to ! pr9ciple t enlight5s x2 free1 too1 to escape f x4 ,yet e p[] necess>ily recognizes a guid+ pr9ciple to ^: s]vice x ne$s mu/ b[2 b to reason alone x is grant$ to avoid ! law :i* imp]i\sly rules ! relations ( ! h>moni\s subord9ation ( pr9cipiant faculties to _! pr9ciples4 ,h5ce ! error or possible bl9dness ( reason2 h5ce also its incomp>able gr&eur1 :i* lies solely 9 its free & spontane\s subord9ation4 ,^! pr9ciples e/abli%$1 let u g /ill f>!r1 & p5etrate deep] into ! my/]i\s g5ius ( reason4 au?oriz$ to def9e reason4 ,he did x 9 t]ms at once s simple1 s precise1 & ( su* exquisite cl>ity1 t we may v5ture to ?9k t reason itself c\ld n h bett] r5d]$ ! t]ms ( its own entity4 ,?is def9ition1 let no "o fail to see1 conta9s 9 its extreme brevity m sub/ance ?an w\ld fill a volum9\s treatise4 ,?is1 !n1 is 8 def9ition3 ,reason is ! discursive =m ( ! intellect4 ,n[ by ?is ,/4 ,?omas pla9ly e/abli%es t reason1 di/9ct f ! intellect1 ) :i* we mu/ bew>e ( conf\nd+ x1 proce$s f x z effect proce$s f cause4 ,!re=e1 intellect surpasses reason z its pr9cipiant & guid+ faculty2 & reason only figures 9 ! intellig5tial sph]e1 despite ! important "p x plays 9 virtue ( its adjunctive or supplem5t+ p[]4 ,b :at is ! purpose ( ?is adjunction8 ,"h1 9 reply to ?is grave & important "q1 let u ref] to :at ! same s*ol> says else:]e4 ,reason arises1 he says1 f ! failure ( intellect4 ,c]ta9ly ?is is a lum9\s1 & d\btless a v unexpect$ proposition4 ,f x we le>n1 on ! "o h&1 t ! intellect is liable to defects & consequ5tly to weaknesses2 on ! o!r h&1 x seems e/abli%$ t ! adjunctive p[] comes to aid ! faculty :i* gov]ns x1 s9ce "h ! subject$ is born ( ! failure ( ! subjector4 ,let u expla9 ?is fre% anomaly4 ,we h 9 ! fir/ place decl>$ ! prec$+ proposition lum9\s 9 spite ( ! obscurity into :i* we are plung$ by ! consequ5ces :i* we h d]iv$ f x2 b1 pati5ce6 ,we are already aw>e t x is f ! v obscurity ( ?+s t ! brighte/ light sometimes bur/s ^u contemplative eyes2 & s9ce fai? is ! next pr9ciple to k1 let u h fai? at lea/ 9 ! tru/wor?9ess ( him :o addresses u1 especially z he has giv5 u repeat$1 unequivocal tok5s ( s\nd & upright reason4 ,let u1 !n1 h no d\bt t ! prec$+ proposition conta9s a preci\s precept2 & v c]ta9ly light w soon dawn on our m9d4 ,?is settl$1 & = ! bett] und]/&+ ( ! mean+ atta*$ to ?is proposition1 let u call to our aid ! p[]s ( analogy4 ,if reason arises f ! failure ( intellect x is d\btless to rectify ! valuations ( ! ego4 ,n[ ! compass1 :i* is 9 itself v inf]ior to ! h& :i* fa%ions x & appropriates x to its own use1 nev]!less implies a defect 9 t h& :i* directs x4 ,s !re is betwe5 ! eye & ! telescope1 :i* comes to its aid1 all ! di/ance t divides ! faculty f ! in/rum5t :i* x gov]ns4 ,/ill ! telescope jo9$ to ! eye communicates to x a great p[] ( vision2 b ! in/rum5t arises f ! failure ( ! eye1 :i* is nev]!less inf9itely sup]ior to x2 = x is ! eye :i* sees1 & n ! telescope4 ,x is ?us t we mu/ und]/& ! relations ( reason & intellect4 ,let u say1 !n1 t ! reason is to ! intellect exactly :at ! telescope is to ! eye4 ,?is e/abli%$1 we c =mulate ! foll[+ def9ition z well f\nd$4 ,! intellect is ! spiritual eye ^: my/]i\s telescope reason =ms1 or3 reason is a necess>y app5dage ( m5tal optics1 or aga93 reason is ! glass us$ by ! eye ( a defective intellect4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,/4 ,?omas provides u /ill else:]e ) ! means ( mak+ our analogy m /rik+4 ,he says1 inde$3 reason is giv5 u to make cle> t :i* is n evid5t4 ,is n ?is1 z x 71 ! seal ( tru? appli$ to our demon/ration8 ,?us ! eye uses ! telescope absolutely z ! intellect employs ! reason1 to make cle> t :i* is n evid5t4 ,( c\rse x is pla9 t if ! sight & ! intellect answ]$ p]fectly to _! object1 !y c\ld d )\t ?is adjunct :i* betrays _! imp]fection4 ,! intellect w\ld !nce=? h no m ne$ ( reason ?an ! eye ( glasses4 ,?is expla9s ! fact1 s important to consid]1 t ! cle>] ! m5tal vision is ! less "o reasons4 ,! angels d n reason2 !y see cle>ly :at is tr\bl$ & confus$ by our m9d4 ,no "o reasons 9 heav51 !re is no logician !re1 no--,intellig5ce is immortal1 b reason1 :i* s]ves x "h bel[1 w fade away 9 et]nity ) ! s5ses :i* l x d b =m ! conditions ( "t4 ,div9e reason alone w endure because x has no?+ accid5tal1 & x is sub/antially unit$ to ! et]nal ^w4 ,x is t reason t[>d :i* all ble/ intellig5ces w f9ally gravitate4 ,h5ce1 we see t :at already p>takes ( ! cele/ial life repels reason+ z a cause ( imp]fection or infirmity4 ,x is ?us1 by its exclusion ( reasons1 t ! ,gospel supremely proves its cele/ial orig94 ,x is1 inde$1 a ?+ well wor? rem>k1 especially wor?y ( our admiration1 t !re is n to be f\nd1 9 ! f\r ,gospels1 a s+le piece ( reason+1 any m ?an !re is an int]jection to be f\nd4 ,let u add t fai? does n reason3 :i* does n mean1 z s _m misbeliev]s feign1 t fai? is fulfill$ by bl9dness or ignorance ( ! objects ( its v5]ation4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,fai? disp5ses ) reason because ( ! p]fection ( its sight4 ,x is1 f9ally1 because x is sup]ior to reason & sees ?+s f a high] plane4 ,?is is :at s _m %ort-sight$ p _c see2 &1 to return to our analogy1 x seems to !m able to see no?+ save ?r\gh ! glasses ( reason4 ,x seems to !m1 ,i say1 t any man :o does n we> glasses mu/ see crook$4 ,keep y\r glasses1 my good s\ls6 ,!y suit %ort limits ( sight4 ,b we1 :o1 ?ank ,god1 h s\nd sight1 are only tr\bl$ & cl\d$ by !m4 ,x is ?us t reason1 :i* is giv5 u to make cle> :at is n evid5t1 frequ5tly obscures ev5 ! v evid5ce itself4 ,we might confirm ?is decl>ation by a ?\s& examples4 ,to cite b "o1 let u po9t out h[ pla9ly ! spectacle ( ! univ]se ( ?\ght & ! idea ( a ,div9e ,creator prove t no glasses are requir$ to contemplate ,god 9 ,8 works4 ,well6 sci5ti/s h felt oblig$ to direct !irs ^u ^! simple notions1 & h ?us1 i4e41 by =ce ( reason+1 succe$$ 9 confus+ out ( all recognition a "q sp>kl+ ) evid5ce1 s mu* s t !y w fall into su* a /ate ( bl9dness t !y c no long] see 9 ?is _w any trace ( ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce :i* is yet manife/$ ) glory 9 ! lea/ ( ,8 creatures4 ,consequ5tly1 !y w bluntly d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,god2 b z !y /ill mu/ ne$s admit a creative cause1 !y h to t end inv5t$ mov+ atoms & h made f ^! /range corpuscles some?+ s p]fectly invisible t !y c sp>e !mselves ! tr\ble ( provid+ public curiosity ) a liv+ pro( ( _! !ory4 ,! sci5ti/ is born p]v]t$1 z 0 said ( ! ,fr5*man :o creat$ ! vaudeville2 & m51 too /rong-m9d$ & above all too full ( reason to give any cr$5ce to ! my/]ies taught by ! *ur*1 h display$ a bl9d fai? 9 respect to mov+ atoms4 ,!y ?9k ?us to set !mselves free f :at !y call ! prejudices ( _! fa!rs4 ,!y f9d no difficulty 9 attribut+ to invisible corpuscles bo? ! plan & ! execution ( ! be+s :o p ! univ]se4 ,?is is ! f9e conception attribut$ to :at is call$ a high] reason--a conception be=e :i* b[ legions ( /rong m9ds4 ,to su* a degree ( degradation c reason drag man d[n4 ,x is1 !re=e1 dang]\s to consult ! reason 9 any case :]e evid5ce is likely to be call$ into play4 ,b1 be=e proce$+ f>!r 9 ! c\rse ( our demon/rations1 a "q pres5ts itself4 ,x may be ask$ :at we ?9k ( ano!r k9d ( reason--pure reason2 = x appe>s t 9 ! op9ion ( c]ta9 philosoph]s pure reason does exi/4 ,i d n "k :]e !y au!nticat$ & /udi$ ?is species ( reason4 ,= myself ,i confess 9 all humility t n only h ,i nev] se5 a pure reason1 b x has nev] ev5 be5 possible = me to raise my m9d to ! po9t ( compreh5d+ ! signification ( pure reason4 ,i greatly fe> t "s nons5se lurks )9 ! phrase1 su* transc5d5tal nons5se z belongs to ideological philosoph]s alone4 ,i "k n :y1 b ^! g5tlem5's pure reason always gives me ! s5sation ( a /rong bla/ ( mov+ atoms4 ,9 fact1 x is n cle>2 b :y require cl>ity ( philosoph]s & ideologi/s8 ,b let u leave ^! s5seless words & pursue ! c\rse ( our demon/rations4 ,:at we h said ( reason is q suffici5t to prev5t its confusion ) ! faculty ^: discursive =m x is4 ,b ?is is n en\gh4 ,we mu/1 by /ill m delicate di/9ctions1 make any confusion betwe5 ^! two t]ms impossible4 ,reason1 al?\gh ess5tially alli$ to intellig5ce1 is n1 l x1 primordial 9 man4 ,?us ,god creat$ man intellig5t1 & consequ5tly susceptible ( reason2 b we d n see ! ^w reason br\ght into play 9 ,g5esis1 because x m]ely expresses a d]ivation f ! m9d or intellect4 ,reason1 !re=e1 is second>y & po/]ior 9 ! g5etic ord]4 ,b "h to ! support ( ?is ass]tion we h a /rik+ & und5iable pro(2 namely1 t ! infant is born intellig5t b n reasonable4 ,intellect proce$s directly f t true light :i* %9es 9 e man on 8 entrance into ! _w1 :ile reason is m]ely ! fruit ( exp]i5ce4 ,a pro( ( ! sup]iority ( intellig5ce to reason is se5 9 ! fact t x p>takes ( ! immutable1 & is n l ! latt]1 liable to progress4 ,?us ! *ild is se5 to be z intellig5t z an adult man c be4 ,let u r say t x is 9 ! *ild especially t intellig5ce displays its brighte/ rays4 ,yet he is n furni%$ ) reason4 ,& :y n8 ,because he has no exp]i5ce4 ,reason1 !re=e1 is an acquir$ p[]1 ^: light is borr[$ f exp]i5ce or tradition4 ,reason is proportional to ! exp]i5ce acquir$4 ,practical reason or rationality is ! ration or portion ( exp]i5ce allott$ to ea* p]son4 ,reason is to ! m5tal vision exactly :at ! eye is to optical vision1 & j z ! eye borr[s its visual action f ext]nal light1 s reason borr[s its p[] ( cle> & correct vision f traditional exp]i5ce4 ,! simil>ity is absolute4 ,suppress light1 & vision ceases to be possible4 ,suppress revelation f intellectual objects1 & reason is !nce=? bl9d4 ,betwe5 reason & intellig5ce1 al?\gh !re be inclusion & co-ess5tiality 9 ^! t]ms1 !re is a great diff]5ce 9 ! mode ( cognizance2 =1 z ,/4 ,augu/9e says1 intellig5ce is %[n by simple p]ception1 & reason by ! discursive process4 ,?us1 :ile intellig5ce acts simply1 z 9 kn[+ an intelligible tru? by ! light ( its own intuition1 reason goes t[>d its end progressively1 f "o ?+ kn[n to ano!r n yet kn[n4 ,! latt]1 z ,/4 ,?omas says1 implies an imp]fection4 ,! =m]1 on ! contr>y1 beseems a p]fect be+4 ,x is1 !re=e1 evid5t1 adds ! same pr(\nd ?9k]1 t reason+ be>s ! same relation to k t motion does to repose1 or z acquisition to possession4 ,! "o is ( an imp]fect nature1 & ! o!r ( a p]fect nature4 ,boe?ius comp>es ! intellect to et]nity2 reason1 to "t4 ,yet human reason1 accord+ to ! pr9ciple :i* illum9ates x1 (f]s ?ree degrees ( elevation :i* we w di/+ui%1 = readi] compreh5sion1 by ?ree special t]ms1 namely3 fir/1 tradition or ! exp]i5ce ( ano!r2 second1 p]sonal exp]i5ce2 ?ird1 ! reason ( ?+s4 ,tra9$ by tradition1 reason is call$ common s5se4 ,tra9$ by p]sonal exp]i5ce to ! k ( pr9ciples1 reason is call$ sci5ce4 ,tra9$ by ! contemplation ( pr9ciples to ! p]fection ( ! intellect1 reason is call$ wisdom4 ,:at we call practical reason is bas$ ^u ! au?ority ( tradition & ! lessons ( o!r p's exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to ! cu/om>y & moral matt]s ( life4 ,speculative or discursive reason judges by ! crit]ion ( its own exp]i5ce2 !reby inf]r+ consequ5ces m or less 9 con=mity ) traditional tea*+s1 & arriv+ by ! logical ord] ( its d$uctions & 9 virtue ( ! pr9ciples :i* x accepts & :i* x applies to its discov]ies1 at :at we call sci5ce4 ,transc5d5tal reason pursues1 9 ! effects :i* x exam9es1 ! inve/igation ( _! cause1 & rises !nce to ! v reason ( ?+s4 ,:]e=e x sil5ces reason+1 ent]s into a sil5t & p]si/5t c\rse ( obs]vation1 consults ! facts1 exam9es1 /udies & que/ions ! pr9ciples :5ce x sees !m to be d$uc$2 &1 )\t yield+ to ! obscurity 9 :i* ^! pr9ciples are envelop$1 pi]ces t obscurity by ! p5etrative =ce ( unremitt+ att5tion4 ,inspir$ by ! /&>d ( fai?1 x kn[s t ! _s ( ,god exi/s at ! root ( ^! my/]ies4 ,x cl+s !reto1 unites itself !reto by contemplation1 & f9ally draws f ?is union its /r5g?1 its light & its joy4 ,su* is ! c\rse ( wisdom1 & su* are ! ine/imable advantages ( fai? to reason4 ,x is 9 fact by fai? t reason is aggr&iz$ & elevat$ to ! height ( ! intellect :5ce x draws its c]titude4 ,reason believes because x desires to und]/&1 & because x kn[s t fai? is ! next pr9ciple to k4 ,?us ! gr&eur ( reason is proportion$ to its humility2 proportion$1 ,i w\ld say1 to ! ef=ts :i* x multiplies to =get itself :5 ! tru? addresses x4 ,b su* is n ! me?od ( proc$ure ( /rong m9ds4 ,!y h a horror ( ! my/]ies t[>d :i* !y are /ill urg$ by correct in/9cts4 ,! fact is1 let u say x boldly1 !y fe> le/ !y f9d ,god !re4 ,9 ^! misguid$ spirits !re is s mu* presumption1 self-conceit1 self-love1 t !y are1 9 ! nullity ( _! l(ty pride1 a wor%ip unto !mselves1 an idolatry ( _! own reason4 ,!y h deifi$ x1--t poor1 frail reason2 & ?is1 :ile mutilat+ x1 :ile proclaim+ x indep5d5t & free f all law1 f all pr9ciple1 f ev]y?+ def9ite4 ,to :at excess ( imbecility1 !n1 h we n se5 ^! free?9k]s fall1 ^! apo/les ( indep5d5t reason1 :o on pr9ciple boa/ t !y h no fai? & no law6 ,!nce comes ! scorn :i* afflicts ^! unbeliev]s = all :o believe & hope "h bel[2 !nce1 _! sy/ematic ignorance ( fundam5tal que/ions2 !nce1 ! incurable bl9dness 9 :i* !y bask2 !nce1 f9ally1 ! inconsi/5cies & contradictions :i* make !m a spectacle humiliat+ to ! human m9d4 ,b agno/ic man labors 9 va94 ,he _c escape ! my/]ies :i* surr\nd him on e h&1 l a gulf 9 :i* reason is inevitably lo/ s soon z x ceases to seek ! light4 ,man /umbles at e turn aga9/ ! ef=ts ( a /rong] reason ?an 8 own1--! ,supreme ,reason be=e :i*1 nilly nilly1 8 mu/ b[ & confess ! insanity ( its judgm5ts4 ,logic is n1 to reason1 a sure guide2 & ev5 :]e x feels its foo?old mo/ /rong1 x sometimes trips1 to ! disgrace ( ! good op9ion x _h ( its own infallibility4 ,let u %[ by a simple example to :at rebuffs our reason is expos$ :5 c\nt+ on ! support ( its logic1 face to face ) ! reason ( facts4 ,und\bt$ly x is logical & p]fectly 9 con=mity ) reason1 to say t "o & "o make two4 ,no d\bt seems possible on t po9t4 ,well1 ?is elem5t>y tru?1 ! mo/ und5iable 9 ! eyes ( all m5 :i* c be produc$1 does n1 despite ! assurances :i* seem to uphold x1 con/itute an impregnable axiom2 = !re are cases :5 "o & "o d n make two6 ,c]ta9ly su* a proposition seems sc>cely reasonable1 = its admission w\ld entail ! rev]sal ( :at are call$ ! s\nd notions ( logic6 ,b :at w ! logician say if ,i affirm t 9 a c]ta9 case1 "o & "o make b "o-half8 ,w\ld he ev5 take ! tr\ble to refute me8 ,no1 he w\ld laugh 9 my face2 he w\ld n li/5 to me2 he w\ld tax me ) absurdity & insanity1 pref]r+ ?us to lose a *ance ( in/ruction r ?an confess ! impot5ce ( 8 logic4 ,!re is ! evil1 & x is g5]ally 9 ?is way t ignorance is p]petuat$4 ,b let u return to ! fact :i* we desire to prove1 contr>y to logic & ! pret5sions ( ord9>y reason4 ,n[1 x is logical & p]fectly 9 con=mity ) reason to say t two musical in/rum5ts make m noise ?an "o2 & t ?us two d\ble basses1 = example1 tun$ 9 unison & plac$ side by side1 produce "o s\nd ( a d\ble int5sity4 ,?is seems an elem5t>y matt]4 ,x is z cle>1 y say1 z t "o & "o make two4 ,well1 no1 x is n s cle> z y suppose4 ,x is1 on ! contr>y1 a mi/ake2 = att5tive exp]im5t proves t ! result is diametrically opposite to ! logical conclusion4 ,?is is a fact :i* no argum5t c de/roy4 ,two d\ble basses1 plac$ 9 ! above-nam$ conditions--conditions ( vic9ity & tonal id5tity--f> f add+ up _! individual result1 are ?us r$uc$ ea* to a qu>t] ( its own sonority1 :i* 9 ! sum total1 in/ead ( produc+ a d\ble s\nd1 produces a s\nd r$uc$ to half ( t giv5 individually by ea* in/rum5t tak5 alone4 ,?is is h[ a p[] plus an analog\s p[] equals toge!r ) x b half a p[]2 & ?us we are =c$ to admit t "o & "o d n necess>ily make two4 ,i h c>ri$ ! exp]im5t /ill f>!r2 9 ! in/rum5t :i* ga9$ me a fir/-class m$al at ! exhibition ( #ahed1 ,i 0 enabl$ to put ?irty-six /r+s ( ! same piano into unison at once4 ,well6 ,all ^! /r+s1 /ruck simultane\sly1 did n atta9 to ! int5sity ( s\nd produc$ by "o ( !m /ruck s+ly4 ,all ^! s\nds1 f> f ga9+ /r5g? by union1 reciprocally neutraliz$ "o ano!r4 ,?is is n logical1 ,i admit2 b we mu/ submit to x4 ,logic mu/ be sil5t & reason b[ be=e ! brutal =ce ( a fact to :i* !re is no objection to be rais$4 ,s9ce we are on ! subject ( ! ph5om5a ( sonority1 let u draw ano!r illu/ration f x1 q z ov]:elm+ 9 its illogicalness z ! =m]4 ,:5 two simil> ph5om5a diff] f "o ano!r on any side1 ! discord br\ght ab\t by ?is diff]5ce is m app>5t & m /rik+ by reason ( ! clos] conjunction ( ^! ph5om5a4 ,by way ( comp5sation ! dissimil>ity is less appreciable 9 proportion z ^! ph5om5a are f>!r ap>t f ea* o!r4 ,?is is rigor\sly logical & p]fectly con=mable to reason2 yet !re are cases :]e we mu/ affirm ! contr>y4 ,?us ! same s\nd produc$1 ,i w suppose1 by two flutes n 9 accord ) "o ano!r1 =ms ^? disagreeable pulsations 9 ! air :i* discordant s\nds inevitably produce4 ,!re seems to be no d\bt t by gradually br++ ^! discordant in/rum5ts toge!r1 ! fals5ess ( _! relation mu/ be m & m /rik+1 m & m intol]able4 ,wrong6 ,= !n1 & above all if ! m\?s ( ^! in/rum5ts be conc5trically direct$1 a mutual translocation is produc$ betwe5 ! two discordant s\nds1 :i* re/ores ! accuracy ( _! agreem5t4 ,?us ! l[] s\nd is rais$1 :ile ! high] "o is l[]$1 9 su* a way t ! two s\nds are m+l$ on meet+ & =m a p]fect unison4 ,n[1 "h are contra/s1 :i*1 contr>y to all rational data1 s f> f be+ exagg]at$ by contact1 dim9i% gradually1 until !y are utt]ly annihilat$4 ,?us1 !n1 giv5 two in/rum5ts ( ! same nature1 if ! h>mony :i* !y effect be true1 !y ent] by reason ( _! conjunction into a negative /ate :i* neutralizes _! sonority2 :ile ! contr>y occurs 9 ! case ( false unison4 ,"h ! in/rum5ts become id5tical ) "o ano!r1 ! sonority is increas$ & ! tonal deviation is correct$ to ! mo/ p]fect h>mony4 ,ob/9ate rationali/s1 :at is y\r logic wor? "h8 ,has x arm$ y aga9/ ! surprises held 9 /ore = y by a multitude ( facts inaccordant ) y\r reason+s8 ,oh1 pr\d & haughty reason1 b[ y\r head6 ,confess ! inanity ( y\r ways4 ,b[ yet1 once aga91 & contemplate ! my/]y :5ce lum9\s in/ruction %all beam = y6 ,at bottom ^! my/]ies may surprise & baffle a reason depriv$ ( pr9ciple2 b !y are nev] contr>y to x1 because !y proce$ f reason itself1 f t ,supreme ,reason :i* creat$ u 9 its own image2 &1 by t v fact1 is always 9 accord ) individual reason 9 s f> z ?is w cons5t to sacrifice its own prejudices to x1 or li/5 to its infallible lessons4 ,b man's reason mo/ frequ5tly he$s itself alone4 ,!nce1 once aga91 arise its infirmities4 ,?us1 :at w happ51 if1 because ! tru?s :i* ,i utt] "h are obscure & d n at ! fir/ glance appe> to con=m to ! requirem5ts ( logic1 y ha/ily reject !m ) all ! l(t9ess ( y\r scornful reason1 :i* w\ld blu% to admit :at x did n und]/&6 ,poor reason6 :i* 9 & ( itself und]/&s s little1 & admits s _m follies z soon z a s*ol> affirms !m4 ,! consequ5ce w be t y w be /r5g!n$ 9 ! error :i* flatt]s y\r ignorance4 ,behold t pr\d reason :i* w\ld nev] b5d be=e a my/]y reveal$1 behold x1 ,i say1 b[$ b5ea? ! weight ( prejudices1 :i* !re w be m ?an "o s*ol>1 m ?an "o logician1 ready to endorse4 ,?us reason w refuse z unwor?y itself1 all belief 9 ! actions ( ,god or ( unse5 spirits1 ! angels1 heav51 b w n d>e to d\bt ! exi/5ce ( mov+ atoms1 invisible corpuscles4 ,?is is ! m5tal pov]ty into :i* ! enemies ( religi\s fai? unwitt+ly fall4 ,!y p]v]t t in/rum5t ( reason ^: true use is to supplem5t & =tify imp]fect intellig5ce1 & misuse x to discr$it & ov]?r[ ! orig9al intuitions ( intellig5ce4 ,r&om ,notes4 ,type--,man4 ,prototype--,angel4 ,ar*etype--,god4 ,x is )9 himself t man %\ld f9d ! reason ( all he /udies4 ,9 ! angels he %\ld f9d ! secret ( 8 be+3 !y are 8 prototypes4 ,la/ly1 x is 9 ! ,div9e ar*etype t we are to look = ! univ]sal reason4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,s5ses4 ,ta/e & smell say3 ,x is ,good4 ,sight & t\* say3 ,x is ,beautiful4 ,he>+ & spee* say3 ,x is ,true4 99 99 99 99 99 ,e agreeable or disagreeable sight makes ! body reaect backw>d4 ,! degree ( reaction %\ld be 9 proportion to ! degree ( int]e/ caus$ by ! sight ( ! object pres5t$ to our sight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! s\l is a triple virtue1 :i*1 by means ( ! p[]s t x gov]ns1 =ms1 develops & modifies ! sum total ( ! con/itu5t =ces ( ! body4 ,! body is t comb9ation ( co-p5etrat+ =ces ^: inh]5t p[]s gov]n all acts "u ! triple impulse ( ! con/itu5t =ces ( ! be+4 ,! imman5ces are p[]s :i*1 "u ! impulse ( ! con/itu5t virtues ( ! be+1 gov]n & modify ! co-p5etrat+ =ces ( ! body4 ,! p[]s gov]n ! =ces "u ! impulse ( ! virtues4 ,! virtues are ! impulses "u ! sway ( :i* ! p[]s gov]n & direct ! =ces4 99 99 99 99 99 ,light is ! symbol ( ord]1 ( peace1 ( virtue4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sci5ce & art =m two means ( assimilation3 ,! "o by means ( absorption1 ! o!r by means ( emanation4 ,! "o1 m g5]\s ?an ! o!r1 gives & communicates2 ! o!r unceas+ly receives & appeals4 ,sci5ce receives1 art gives4 ,by sci5ce man assimilates ! _w2 by art he assimilates himself to ! _w4 ,assimilation is to sci5ce :at inc>nation is to art4 ,if sci5ce p]petuates ?+s 9 u1 art p]petuates u 9 ?+s & causes u to survive !re94 ,if by sci5ce man makes himself preem95t 9 subjugat+ ! ?+s ( ?is _w1 by art he r5d]s !m sup]natural by impress+ ^u !m ! liv+ *>act]s ( 8 be+ & ( 8 s\l4 ,art is an act by :i* life lives aga9 9 t :i* 9 itself has no life4 ,art %\ld move ! secret spr+s ( life1 conv9ce ! m9d & p]suade ! he>t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,beauty purifies ! s5se1 ,tru? illum9ates ! m9d1 ,virtue sanctifies ! s\l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! m l(ty ! intellect1 ! m simple ! spee*4 7,s 9 art47 99 99 99 99 99 ,acc5t is ! modulation ( ! s\l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! arti/ :o does n love1 is by t fact r5d]$ /]ile4 99 99 99 99 99 ,art is a reg5]at+ or delight+ p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,r\t9e is ! mo/ =midable ?+ ,i "k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y w\ld move o!rs1 put y\r he>t 9 ! place ( y\r l>ynx2 let y\r voice become a my/]i\s h& to c>ess ! he>]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no?+ is m deplorable ?an a ge/ure )\t a motive4 ,p]haps ! be/ ge/ure is t :i* is lea/ app>5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is always voice en\gh to an att5tive li/5]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]suade y\rself t !re are bl9d m5 & deaf m5 9 y\r audi5ce :om y mu/ move1 int]e/ & p]suade6 ,y\r inflection mu/ become pantomime to ! bl9d1 & y\r pantomime1 inflection to ! deaf4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! m\? plays a "p 9 ev]y?+ evil :i* we w\ld express1 by a grimace :i* consi/s ( protrud+ ! lips & l[]+ ! corn]s4 ,if ! grimace translates a conc5tric s5tim5t1 x %\ld be made by compress+ ! lips4 99 99 99 99 99 ,consci\s m5ace--t ( a ma/] to 8 subord9ate--is express$ by a movem5t ( ! head c>ri$ f above d[nw>d4 ,impot5t m5ace requires ! head to be mov$ f bel[ upw>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,any int]rogation made ) cross$ arms mu/ p>take ( ! "* ( a ?reat4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 two limbs foll[ ! same direction1 !y _c be simultane\s )\t an injury to ! law ( opposition4 ,!re=e1 direct movem5ts %\ld be successive1 & opposite movem5ts %\ld be simultane\s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are ?ree great articul> c5tres3 ! %\ld]1 elb[ & wri/4 ,passional expression passes f ! %\ld]1 :]e x is 9 ! emotional /ate1 to ! elb[1 :]e x is pres5t$ 9 ! affectional /ate2 !n to ! wri/ & ! ?umb1 :]e x is pres5t$ 9 ! susceptive & volitional /ate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?ree c5tres 9 ! arm3 ! %\ld] = pa!tic actions2 ! elb[1 :i* approa*es ! body by reason ( humility1 & reciprocally 7t is1 inv]sely7 = pride2 la/ly1 ! h& = f9e1 spiritual & delicate actions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! initial =ms ( movem5ts %\ld be--9 virtue ( ! zones :5ce !y proce$--! only explicit1 & consequ5tly ! only truly expressive ones4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bad actors ex]t !mselves 9 va9 to be mov$ & to af=d a spectacle to !mselves4 ,on ! o!r h&1 true arti/s nev] let _! ge/ures reveal m ?an a t5? "p ( ! secret emotion t !y app>5tly feel & w\ld hide f ! audi5ce to sp>e _! s5sibility4 ,?us !y succe$ 9 /irr+ all spectators4 99 99 99 99 99 ,no1 art is n an imitation ( nature3 art is bett] ?an nature4 ,x is nature illum9at$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are two k9ds ( l\d voices3 ! vocally l\d1 :i* is ! vulg> voice2 & ! dynamically l\d1 :i* is ! p[]ful voice4 ,a voice1 h[ev] p[]ful x may be1 %\ld be inf]ior to ! p[] :i* animates x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,e object ( agreeable or disagreeable aspect :i* surprises u1 makes ! body recoil4 ,! degree ( reaction %\ld be proportionate to ! degree ( emotion caus$ by ! sight ( ! object4 99 99 99 99 99 ,)\t abnegation1 no tru? = ! arti/4 ,we %\ld n preoccupy ! audi5ce ) our own p]sonality4 ,!re is no true1 simple or expressive s++ )\t self-d5ial4 ,we mu/ (t5 leave p 9 ignorance ( our own good qualities4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to use expression at r&om on our own au?ority1 expression at all haz>ds1 is absurd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! m\? is a vital !rmomet]1 ! nose a moral !rmomet]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dynamic weal? dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( articulations br\ght into play2 ! few] articulations an actor uses1 ! m closely he approa*es ! puppet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a portion ( a :ole _c be s]i\sly appreciat$ by any "o ignorant ( ! con/itution ( t :ole4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an ab/ract hav+ be5 made ( ! modes ( execution :i* ! arti/ %\ld le>n be=e h&l+ a subject1 two ?+s are fir/ ( all requisite3 #a4 ,to "k :at he is to seek 9 t subject itself2 #b4 ,to "k h[ to f9d :at he seeks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,is n ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( art ! union ( tru?1 beauty & good8 ,are its action & aim any?+ b a t5d5cy t[>d ! realization ( ^! ?ree t]ms8 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h a "r to ask a "w ( art by :at me?ods x claims to move u1 by :i* side ( our "* x int5ds to int]e/ & conv9ce u4 99 99 99 99 99 ,spee* is ext]nal1 & visible ?\ght is ! ambassadress ( ! intellect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,h[ %\ld ! invisible be visible :5 ! visible is s little s6 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o _c be too c>eful ( 8 articulation4 ,! initial consonant %\ld be articulat$ di/9ctly2 ! _s ( ! ^w is conta9$ 9 x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,two ?+s to be obs]v$ 9 ! consonant3 its explosion & its prep>ation4 ,! t1 d1 p1 etc41 keep u wait+2 ! *1 v1 j1 prep>e !mselves1 z3 vvv5ez4 ,! vocals ne1 me1 re are muffl$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,rhy?m is t :i* ass]ts2 x is ! =m ( movem5t4 ,melody is t :i* di/+ui%es4 ,h>mony is t :i* conjo9s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let y\r attitude1 ge/ure & face =etell :at y w\ld make felt4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be w>y ( ! tremolo :i* _m s+]s mi/ake = vibration4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y _c conqu] y\r defect1 make x belov$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a movem5t %\ld nev] be mix$ ) a facial twi/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?+s t are said quietly %\ld s+ !mselves 9 ! utt]ance4 ,"p ,six?4 ,lecture & ,lessons ,giv5 by ,mme4 ,g]aldy 7,dels>te's ,daught]7 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,mme4 ,m>ie ,dels>te-,g]aldy4 ,lecture ,deliv]$ by ,mme4 ,g]aldy at ! ,b]keley ,lyceum1 ,new ,york1 ,febru>y #f1 #ahib4 ,ladies3 ,:5 ,i made up my m9d to come to ?is c\ntry x 0 n ) ! object ( exhibit+ myself1 b to speak to y ( my fa!r4 ,9 y\r c\ntry my fa!r is mu* talk$ (4 ,9 my c\ntry1 un=tunately1 he is =gott54 ,my fa!r did n write any?+--t is a t]rible ?+6 ,he expect$ to d s "s day1 b he always put x (f4 ,at la/ he decid$ to d s dur+ ! w>--our un=tunate w>6 ,he did n h _m lessons to give at t "t1 = nobody ?\ght ( tak+ any4 ,?is gave him leisure to write4 ,8 "w 0 to h borne ! title1 ,my ,revelatory ,episodes4 ,he _h only writt5 five *apt]s :5 he di$4 ,x 0 to br+ to y ^! five *apt]s t ,i came to ,am]ica4 ,b z soon z ,i began to speak ( !m ,i 0 /opp$4 ,:y d y tell u ?is8 !y said2 we "k all ?is already4 ,i !n discov]$ t ! books writt5 on my fa!r by ! ,abbe ,delaumosne & by ,mme4 ,angelique ,arnaud _h be5 translat$ & publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,mme4 ,arnaud's book is ! bett] ( ! two1 b x is n practical--n at all practical4 ,i h ga!r$ toge!r :at ,i rememb] 9 ! =m ( lectures1 :i* ,i (f] to y4 ,i h be5 ask$ = examples2 ,i %all give y examples4 ,i w beg91 h[ev]1 by giv+ y a little biographical sket* ( my fa!r1 & by tell+ y h[ he happ5$ to make 8 discov]y4 ,he 0 ! son ( a c\ntry doctor1 a man poor b orig9al4 ,my fa!r 0 /ill a v little boy :5 8 fa!r s5t him & 8 y\ng] bro!r to ,p>is4 ,!re !y 7 appr5tic$ to a jewel] & made b&s ( gold4 ,soon ! little bro!r di$1 & my fa!r 0 ! only "o to foll[ him to ! cemet]y4 ,on 8 way back1 aft] ! burial1 he fell fa9t+ on ! pla94 ,:5 he rega9$ consci\sness he he>d music 9 ! di/ance1 &1 n kn[+ :5ce x came1 ?\ght x 0 ! music ( ! angels4 ,s9ce !n he dream$ ( no?+ b music2 he want$ to he> all he c\ld2 he long$ to /udy x4 ,"o day he he>d two little ur*9s s++ 9 ! /reet4 ,he ask$ !m3 ,d y "k music8 ,! ur*9s repli$3 ,yes6 ,w y tea* x to me8 ,yes1 c]ta9ly1 & !y sang a scale = him4 ,is t all !re is ( music8 ,:y1 yes4 ,n long aft]1 he made ! acqua9tance ( an old musician1 :o became int]e/$ 9 him1 gave him a few lessons1 & ent]$ him at ! ,cons]vatoire4 ,!re he att5d$ ! elocution classes1 & a role 0 giv5 to him to le>n 9 :i* he _h to say3 ,h[ d y d1 ,papa ,dugr&6 ,he _h no success ) ?is s5t5ce4 ,ea* ( 8 f\r pr(essors told him a diff]5t way ( say+ x1 & he wond]$3 ,h[ is ?is8 ,are !re1 !n1 no pr9ciples to g by8 ,"o day a c\s9 ( 8 arriv$ unexpect$ly f ! c\ntry4 ,h[ d y d1 my de> c\s96 ,& imm$iately aft] ?is w>m greet+ he ran away f 8 c\s91 cry+1 excit$ly1 ,i h x6 ,i h x6 & did n /op until he got to 8 room & 9 front ( a look+-glass4 ,:at he _h 0 ! "r attitude & way to say1 ,h[ d y d1 ,papa ,dugr&6 & ?is way 0 diametrically oppos$ to ! in/ruction 8 pr(essors _h giv5 him on ! subject4 ,my fa!r sp5t =ty-five ye>s 9 obs]v+4 ,he 0 ! k+ ( obs]v]s4 ,:at rema9s to u is b "o-qu>t] ( all 8 obs]vations4 ,my fa!r's me?od is compreh5sive2 x c be appli$ to ! arts1 to ! sci5ces4 ,8 pupils 7 orators1 pa9t]s1 sculptors1 com$ians1 lawy]s1 doctors1 society amateurs4 ,my fa!r _h read 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis t ,god made man 9 ,8 image4 ,god is ,tr9ity4 ,tr9ity is ! crit]ion ( my fa!r4 ,raymond ,bruck] 0 an old fri5d ( my fa!r's4 ,:at is ?is me?od ( y\r fri5d ,dels>te8 0 a "q (t5 put to him4 ,dels>te's me?od1 he w\ld reply1 is an or?op$ic ma*9e to /raight5 crippl$ intellects4 ,my fa!r consid]$ man z ! pr9ciple ( all arts4 ,he us$ ?ree t]ms to express man3 ,life1 m9d & s\l4 ,he w\ld comp>e man to a c>riage occupi$ by a travel]4 ,9 front sits a coa*man1 :o drives ! horse4 ,! c>riage is ! body ( man2 ! horse t makes x move is life2 ! coa*man :o drives ! horse is ! m9d2 ! occupant ( ! c>riage1 :o gives ord]s to ! coa*man1 is ! s\l4 ,man feels1 ?9ks & loves4 ,my fa!r made use ( ?ree t]ms to express ?ree /ates3 ,conc5tric1 normal & exc5tric4 ,^! he w\ld comb9e ) ea* o!r4 ,i w %[ y1 = example1 ! ?ree conc5tric attitudes ( ! h&3 ,! conc5tro-conc5tric1 express+ /ruggle2 ! conc5tro-normal1 mean+ p[]2 ! conc5tro-exc5tric1 %[+ convulsion4 ,illu/rates4 ,9 ! same way we h ! comb9ations ( ! eyes & eyebr[s1 &1 aga91 ^? ( ! head4 ,! head is conc5tro-conc5tric :5 ! eyes look 9 ! same direction z t t[>d :i* ! head incl9es2 ?is expresses v5]ation4 ,notice h[ diff]5t ! words1 ,i love him6 s\nd :5 said fir/ ) ! head incl9$ f & !n incl9$ t[>d ! object4 ,an int]e/+ s]ies ( movem5ts = ! arms t my fa!r us$ to give is ! foll[+3 ,x is impossible2 ,x is n s2 ,x is improbable2 ,maybe2 ,x is s2 ,x is evid5t2 ,!re is no d\bt :atev] ab\t x4 ,illu/rates4 ,?is s]ies is equally applicable to affirmation & to negation4 ,= example1 y c beg9 by1 ,x is impossible t x is n true6 & cont9ue ) t mean+4 ,i h be5 reque/$ to give ! attitudes ( ! feet4 ,i d n l to give !m because !y are n fem99e1 & ,i abhor all t is n fem99e4 ,h[ev]1 z ,i h be5 ask$ = !m1 & z ,i wi% to prove t my fa!r _h also giv5 8 att5tion to _! /udy1 "h !y are3 7#a7 ,! attitude ( little *ildr5 & ( old m51 express+ weakness2 7#b7 t ( absolute repose2 7#c7 vehem5ce2 7#d7 pro/ration2 7#e7 transitory attitude1 prep>atory to 7#f7 rev]5tial walk2 7#g7 v]tigo1 intoxication1 :i* is an ignoble v]tigo1 or famili>ity2 7#h7 ! alt]native betwe5 ! positions ( (f5sive & def5sive2 7#i7 defiance4 ,applause4 ,oh6 ,i beg ( y6 ,deprecat+ly4 ,x is horribly ugly 9 me2 b 9 a man x is all "r4 ,i %all n[ speak ( ! int]e/+ role t ! %\ld] plays 9 ! expression ( emotions4 ,my fa!r call$ ! %\ld] ! !rmomet] ( passion4 ,inde$1 ! %\ld]s rise ) e /rong emotion4 ,if ,i say1 ,oh6 h[ angry ,i am6 )\t rais+ ! %\ld]s1 x s\nds if n false at lea/ weak2 b li/51 :5 ,i raise my %\ld]s3 ,oh6 h[ angry ,i am6 ,aga91 if ,i say1 ,h[ ,i love y6 ! words are cold2 b1 ) %\ld]s rais$1 li/51 ,h[ ,i love y6 ,?us we see actors e day :o portray diff]5t passions1 b ^: %\ld]s rema9 cold2 !y d n move u4 ,!re is a v pretty obs]vation to make ab\t ! elb[4 ,my fa!r call$ x ! !rmomet] ( pride & humility1 & us$ to call our att5tion to ! diff]5t ways ! soldi]s c>ry _! elb[s4 ,y "k we h a great _m soldi]s 9 ,france & we h a good1 *ance to obs]ve !m4 ,a corporal--t is1 no?+ at all--c>ries 8 elb[s l ?is elb[s turn$ outw>d4 ,a s]geant1 ^: rank is a little high] ?an t ( a corporal1 c>ries !m ?is way elb[s slightly drawn 94 ,by ! "t he becomes lieut5ant he is us$ to au?ority1 & does n h to %[ x (f s mu* elb[s drawn 9 /ill m4 ,z = a g5]al1 "o ^: rank is ! highe/ 9 ! army1 he walks ) 8 arms hang+ naturally at 8 sides4 ,n[ let me tell y ab\t ! ?umb4 ,my fa!r be+ ! son & ! nephew ( doctors1 0 int]e/$ en\gh 9 ! sci5ce to ent]1 at "o "t1 ! s*ool ( m$ic9e4 ,"h1 :ile dissect+1 he notic$ t ! ?umb ( a dead man falls inw>d t[>d ! palm4 ,?is l$ him to /udy ! attitude ( ! ?umb 9 life4 ,he w\ld pass days 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies wat*+ ! nurses & ! mammas c>ry+ _! babes1 not+ h[ _! ?umbs spread out to clasp ! preci\s burd51 & h[ ! mo!rs' h&s spread wid] op5 ?an ^? ( hir$ s]vants2 s he call$ ! ?umb ! !rmomet] ( life4 ,my fa!r always us$ to say to 8 pupils3 ,be w>m outw>dly1 cold inw>dly4 ,he want$ !m to pass sudd5ly f "o great emotion to ano!r4 ,all great actors d s4 ,he w\ld po9t to a portrait ( ,g>rick1 repres5t+ ! great actor ) "o-half ( 8 face laugh+1 ! o!r half weep+4 ,he himself1 9 8 lessons1 aft] hav+ giv5 expression to "s pa!tic s5tim5t1 w\ld become imm$iately 8 own k9d self aga94 ,he insi/$ on self-possession4 ,(t5 :5 ,i 0 a little girl1 & w\ld slip into ! room dur+ 8 lessons1 = ,i lov$ to li/5 to !m1 & w\ld f9d him portray+ "s t]rible passion1 he w\ld /op sudd5ly1 see+ ! expression ( horror on my face1 & w\ld bur/ out laugh+ & cat* me 9 8 arms1 say+3 ,poor little "o1 are y fright5$8 ,! arti/1 said my fa!r1 mu/ move1 int]e/ & conv9ce4 ,ge/ure is ! ag5t ( ! he>t4 ,ge/ure mu/ always prec$e spee*4 ,make me feel 9 advance1 he us$ to say2 if x is some?+ frightful1 let me read x on y\r face be=e y tell me ( x4 ,to illu/rate ! practice ( ge/ure be=e spee*1 ,i w n[ recite ! fable ( ,! ,cock1 ! ,cat & ! ,m\se4 ,"h foll[$ ! recitation ( ! fable4 ,my fa!r once held 8 :ole audi5ce "u a spell1 %[+ !m1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a little girl ( eight1 a hundr$ diff]5t ways ( say+1 ,t dog is pretty4 ,i w %[ y "o or two ways ,if ,i really ?9k ! dog is pretty1 ,i w say x 9 ?is tone1 ,t dog is pretty4 ,if ! dog's coat is soil$1 ,i w say 9 a diff]5t tone1 ,t dog is pretty4 ,& if ! dog has rubb$ aga9/ my dress1 !re w be a vex$ tone1 ,t dog is pretty6 ,my fa!r us$ to divide orators into arti/s 9 words & arti/s 9 ge/ure4 ,^? :o are simply arti/s 9 words are ^? :o d n move y4 ,lam>t9e said ( my fa!r1 ,he is art itself4 ,!ophile ,gauti] said ( him t he took possession ( 8 public4 ,9 #ahdh ! ,national ,gu>d 0 appo9t$ to gu>d ! public monum5ts4 ,my fa!r1 :o 0 a memb] ( ! ,gu>d1 _h 8 /ation ne> an ar*bi%opric4 ,a poor fell[ 0 arre/$ "o day :o look$ suspici\s2 he 0 se>*$ & a *aplet 0 f\nd on him4 ,! cry arose imm$iately t he %\ld be dr[n$4 ,! poor man 0 be+ hu/l$ (f :5 my fa!r /opp$ !m1 say+ t he claim$ 8 "p ( ! puni%m5t1 & he drew f 8 own pocket a *aplet & %[$ x to !m4 ,oh6 my fa!r 0 k9d4 ,he 0 goodness itself4 ,he 0 (t5 ask$ to give lectures at ! c\rt1 b he w\ld answ]3 ,i d n sell my tal5t1 ,i give x4 ,he 0 especially fond ( 8 poor pupils1 ^? :o did n pay him2 he w\ld (t5 invite !m to d9e ) him4 ,& n[ let me %[ y a s]ies ( l9es :i* my fa!r call$ ! inflective m$allion4 ,imag9e a circle describ+ a circle 9 ! air ) h] h&4 ,)9 ?is circle a v]tical l9e1 a horizontal l9e1 & two oblique l9es1 all int]sect+ ea* o!r4 ,at bo? ends ( ! v]tical & horizontal l9es are small curv$ l9es1 ! :ole =m+ ! m$allion4 ,?is m$allion conta9s all necess>y ge/ures4 ,if ! v]tical l9e is made f on high d[nw>d ,illu/ration3 d[n arr[1 x means affirmation2 if made f bel[ upw>d ,illu/ration3 up arr[1 x means hope4 ,! horizontal l9e means negation4 ,"o oblique l9e means simple rejection ,illu/ration3 top "r to bottom left arr[2 ! o!r ,illu/ration3 bottom left to top "r arr[ means rejection ) scorn1 z 9 a l9e f ,lafonta9e's fable1 ,! ,lion's ,c\rt3 ,! mon>*1 vex$1 s5t him to ,pluto4 ,! little curve at ! top ( ! v]tical l9e ,illu/ration3 upw>d-fac+ curve expresses ease1 repose2 x has ! =m ( a hammock4 ,! opposite curve ,illu/ration3 d[nw>d-fac+ curve means secrecy & my/]y4 ,?is curve 7 means amplitude4 ,! o!r "o1 :5 made 9 ?is direction ,illu/ration expresses admiration = physical beauty1 & 9 ! o!r direction ,illu/ration1 admiration = moral beauty4 ,! entire circle ,o expresses glorification4 ,^! ge/ures c be made ) ! :ole arm1 ) ! =e>m only1 or simply ) ! wav+ h&2 ! degree ( expression v>ies accord+ly4 ,la/ly1 ,i w speak ab\t ! law ( opposition4 ,! arm & ! head %\ld move 9 inv]se directions illu/rat+2 also ! arm & ! h&4 ,! /atue ( ! ,gladiator is a beautiful example ( ?is law ( opposition4 ,he is :at we ,fr5* call well bas$2 y _c ov]?r[ him4 ,9 contra/ to him1 my fa!r us$ to cite ,pun*9ello1 ! *ildr5's toy1 an object ( ridicule4 ,pun*9ello1 :5 ! /r+ is pull$1 raises 8 "r arm & 8 "r leg at ! same "t4 ,notice ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* p scold4 ,! s*oolma/] moves 8 head f above d[nw>d2 ! boy ?reat5s back1 toss+ 8 head upw>d4 ,& n[1 ladies1 ,i hope t :at ,i h said w move y to take a deep] int]e/ 9 my fa!r's "w1 & enable y to und]/& 8 me?ods bett] ?an h]et(ore4 ,i %all !n feel1 :5 ,i return to my c\ntry1 t ,i h n cross$ ! ,atlantic 9 va94 ,! ,c\rse ( ,lessons ,giv5 9 ,am]ica ,by ,mme4 ,g]aldy ,mme4 ,g]aldy prefac$ h] c\rse ( lessons ) ! foll[+ rem>ks3 ,god is ,tr9ity4 ,man1 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 be>s ! seal ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,9 ^! lessons we %all analyze our :ole p]son4 ,we %all dwell ^u ?ree t]ms3 ,conc5tric1 normal1 exc5tric4 ,we f9d !m ev]y:]e4 #a1 exc5tric2 #b1 conc5tric2 #c1 normal4 ,illu/ration -------------------------------- #b #b c4 c4 -------------------------------- #c #c n4 n4 -------------------------------- #a #a cx4 cx4 -------------------------------- ,we w beg9 ) ! eye--x is ! mo/ difficult4 ,lesson ,i4 ,! ,eye & ! ,eyebr[4 ,conc5tric ,clos$4 ,! ,eye4 ,normal ,op51 )\t expression4 ,exc5tric ,wide op54 ,conc5tric ,l[]$4 ,! ,eyebr[4 ,normal ,)\t expression4 ,exc5tric ,rais$4 ,comb9ations ( ! ,eye & ,eyebr[4 ,eye4 ,eyebr[4 ,expression4 ,conc5tric ,conc5tric ,9 t5s5ess ( ?\ght4 ,conc5tric ,normal ,heav9ess1 or somnol5cy4 ,conc5tric ,exc5tric ,disda94 ,normal ,conc5tric ,moros5ess4 ,normal ,normal ,)\t expression4 ,normal ,exc5tric ,indiff]5ce4 ,exc5tric ,conc5tric ,firmness4 ,exc5tric ,normal ,/upor4 ,exc5tric ,exc5tric ,a/oni%m5t4 ,! expressions ( /upor & ( a/oni%m5t are greatly increas$ :5 prec$$ by a quiv]+ ( ! eyelid 7bl9k+74 ,?is %\ld be v rapid & v en]getic4 ,dels>te always insi/$ on ?is bl9k+4 ,anxiety calls = a d\ble movem5t ( ! eyebr[s3 ,fir/1 contract !m2 secondly1 raise !m4 ,vitality is express$ by rais+ ! out] "p ( ! eyebr[s4 ,?is accompli%m5t is v r>e2 b1 !n1 x is n necess>y4 ,contraction ( ! l[] eyelid expresses s5sitiv5ess4 ,lesson ,,ii4 ,! ,head4 ,conc5tric ,b5t =w>d4 ,! ,head4 ,normal ,upright4 ,exc5tric ,b5t backw>d4 ,comb9ations ( ,head-movem5ts4 ,conc5tro-conc5tric ,b5t =w>d & incl9$ to "o side 7t[>d ! p]son73 ,v5]ation4 ,conc5tro-normal ,b5t =w>d3 ,exam9ation4 ,conc5tro-exc5tric ,b5t =w>d & incl9$ to ! o!r side 7f ! p]son73 ,suspicion4 ,normo-conc5tric ,incl9$ t[>d ! p]son3 ,t5d]ness4 ,normo-normal ,upright3 ,)\t expression4 ,normo-exc5tric ,incl9$ f ! p]son3 ,s5suality4 ,exc5tro-conc5tric ,b5t backw>d & incl9$ to "o side 7t[>d ! p]son73 ,ab&on4 ,exc5tro-normal ,b5t backw>d1 /raight3 ,exaltation1 vehem5ce4 ,exc5tro-exc5tric ,b5t backw>d & incl9$ to ! o!r side 7f ! p]son73 ,pride4 ,x is ! position ( ! eye t det]m9es ! expression ( ! head1 = x is ! direction ( ! eye t tells u on :i* side ! object ( v5]ation1 suspicion1 etc41 is suppos$ to be4 ,! %\ld]s %\ld be obs]v$ "h4 ,!y are ! !rmomet] ( passion2 ! /rong] ! emotion1 ! high] !y %\ld be rais$4 ,lesson ,,iii4 ,! ,h&4 ,conc5tric4444444444 ,clos$4 ,! ,h&4 ,normal44444444444444 ,op54 ,exc5tric 4444444444 ,wide op54 ,comb9ations ( ,h&-,movem5ts4 ,conc5tro-conc5tric ,fi/ clos$ tight1 ?umb press+ aga9/ ! knuckles3 ,/ruggle4 ,conc5tro-normal ,h& clos$1 ?umb re/+ lightly aga9/ ! side ( ! index f+]3 ,p[]1 au?ority4 ,conc5tro-exc5tric ,h& op51 f+]s contract$3 ,convulsion4 ,normo-conc5tric ,limp1 f+]s turn$ slightly inw>d3 ,pro/ration4,a ,normo-normal ,limp3 ,ab&on4 ,normo-exc5tric ,op51 f+]s /raight3 ,expansion4 ,exc5tro-conc5tric ,wide op51 f+]s /ret*$ ap>t & contract$3 ,execration4 ,exc5tro-normal ,f+]s /ret*$ ap>t & /raight3 ,exaltation4 ,exc5tro-exc5tric ,f+]s /ret*$ wide ap>t & backw>d3 ,exasp]ation4 ,lesson ,,iv4 ,! ,arms4 ,let ! arms sw+ backw>d f _! natural position1 ) ! palm ( ! h&s turn$ t[>d ! front2 head rais$4 ,say3 ,x is impossible6 ,!re is no d\bt :atev] ab\t x4 ,illu/ration ,arms at ! side 9 _! natural position1 palms t[>d ! front2 head /raight1 ,say3 ,x is n s4 ,arms slightly =w>d2 head v slightly b5t4 ,say3 ,x is improbable4 ,=e>ms slightly rais$4 ,say3 ,maybe4 ,=e>ms /ill high]4 ,say3 ,x is probable4 ,=e>ms at "r angles ) upp] arms1 palms always upw>d2 head b5t4 ,say3 ,x is s4 ,=e>ms high]4 ,say3 ,x is c]ta94 ,=e>ms /ill high] 7upp] arms foll[72 head b5t =w>d4 ,say3 ,x is evid5t6 ,=e>ms /ill high] 7by ?is "t ! upp] arms are horizontal72 head b5t way =w>d4 ,say3 ,!re is no d\bt :atev]6 ,illu/ration ,z w be notic$1 ! head moves 9 ! opposite direction f ! arms4 ,! face mu/ express :at ! words say4 ,! movem5ts ( ! arms alone1 )\t ! expression ( ! face1 d n mean any?+4 ,lesson ,v4 ,inflections ( ! ,h&4--,comb9ations ( ! ,arm & ,h&4 #a4 ,acceptance4 ,put ! arm out naturally1 palm upw>d4 #b4 ,c>ess4 ,raise ! %\ld]2 b5d ! head1 keep ! elb[ close to ! side2 raise ! h& z high z ! face &1 ) palm outw>d1 br+ x sl[ly d[n aga9 z if /rok+ an object1 at ! same "t rais+ ! head4 #c4 ,negation4 ,draw a horizontal l9e 9 ! air1 ! movem5t f9i%+ 9 an outw>d direction4 #d4 ,self-control4 ,arm hang+ at ! side1 h& 9 ! conc5tro-normal condition1 d5ot+ au?ority1 p[] ov] "o's self4 #e4 ,au?ority4 ,ext5d ! arm & raise x 9 front a little high] ?an ! level ( ! %\ld]2 !n raise ! h&1 :i* %\ld be 9 ! conc5tro-normal /ate1 f ! wri/ & let x fall aga9 ) decision4 #f4 ,m5ace4 ,! arm is kept 9 ! same position1 ! fi/ cl5*$ 7h& conc5tro-conc5tric74 #g4 ,execration4 ,arm ext5d$ f ! previ\s position sidew>d2 h& exc5tro-conc5tric1 palm t[>d ! back2 head turn$ 9 opposite direction1 #h4 ,horror4 ,arm out/ret*$ 9 front2 h& exc5tric1 palm outw>d2 head ?r[n back4 #i4 ,desire4 ,arm 9 same position2 h& assumes ! normal condition & turns its palm upw>d2 head /ill ?r[n back4 ,^! movem5ts %\ld bl5d "o into ! o!r1 & %\ld be execut$ )\t any affectation4 ,! law ( opposition %\ld be obs]v$ "h2 = example3 ,9 ! asc5d+ movem5t ( ! arm ! h& falls f ! wri/2 :5 ! arm desc5ds1 ! h& po9ts upw>d4 ,lesson ,,vi4 ,basic ,attitudes4 #a4 ,weakness4 ,feet close toge!r1 weight ( body on bo?4 ,?is attitude is t ( *ildhood & old age4 #b4 ,p]fect calm & repose4 ,re/ weight on "o foot 7settl+ at ! hip71 b5d ! knee ( ! o!r leg & advance ! foot4 #c4 ,vehem5ce4 ,move ! body =w>d s t ! weight re/s on ! foot t is 9 front2 ! heel ( ! foot t is beh9d is ?us rais$4 #d4 ,pro/ration4 ,?r[ "o foot f> beh9d ! o!r1 ) ! knee b5t & ! weight ( ! body ^u x4 ,?is attitude1 :5 prop]ly tak51 leads to ! kneel+ position4 #e4 ,transitive position4 ,9 walk+1 /op midway betwe5 two /eps & y h ! #e? attitude or transitive position4 ,x is ! "o t leads to all k9ds ( walks1 & especially to ! rev]5tial or oblique walk4 #f4 ,rev]5tial walk4 ,let ! foot :i* is beh9d take a /ep =w>d 9 ?is mann]3 ,) ! toe describe on ! gr\nd a semi-circle t b5ds inw>d t[>d y2 ?is w cause ! heel to pass ov] ! in/ep ( ! o!r foot4 ,! o!r foot n[ takes a /raight /ep =w>d1 & y pause 9 a respectful attitude be=e ! p]sonage ( importance :om y wi% to salute4 ,sev]al /eps may be tak5 9 succession be=e ! f9al pause4 ,! c]emoni\s /ep is always tak5 ) ! foot y beg9 ) 7! "o t[>d ! p]son y salute72 ! o!r foot always takes natural /eps4 ,?is walk is only meant = m51 & only on gr& occasions4 #g4 ,intoxication1 v]tigo4 ,! feet are plant$ on ! gr\nd & ap>t4 ,?is attitude expresses famili>ity4 #h4 ,! alt]native4 ,"o foot 9 a /raight l9e beh9d ! o!r1 ! weight ( ! body on bo?4 ,?is attitude is (f5sive & def5sive4 #i4 ,defiance4 ,! weight ( ! body on ! foot t is beh9d1 ! o!r foot diagonally =w>d2 head ?r[n back4 ,dels>te nev] class$ ! basic attitudes "u ! heads ( conc5tric1 normal or exc5tric1 any m ?an he s class$ ge/ures4 ,he simply gave !m 9 ! above sequ5ce4 ,lesson ,,vii4 ,! ,m$allion ( ,inflection4 ,! ,key to all ,ge/ures ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 d[n arr[ ,affirmation4 ,illu/ration3 "r arr[ on top2 left arr[ on bottom ,negation4 ,illu/ration3 up arr[ ,hope4 ,illu/ration3 top "r to bottom left arr[ ,rejection ( ?+s t h>m u4 ,illu/ration3 bottom left to top "r arr[ ,rejection ( ?+s t we despise4 ,illu/ration3 upw>d fac+ curve ,ease1 com=t 7resembles a hammock74 ,illu/ration3 d[nw>d fac+ curve ,sil5ce1 secrecy4 ,illu/ration3 77 curves ,pl5itude1 amplitude4 ,illu/ration3 77 curves ,delicacy1 grace4 ,illu/ration ,physical beauty4 ,illu/ration ,beauty ( intellect4 ,illu/ration3 ,example 7complex curve7 ,illu/ration3 d[n arr[ ,y may believe ,illu/ration3 "r arr[ t no "l ,illu/ration3 complex curve _h z mu* glory or happ9ess4 ,mme4 ,g]aldy's ,lessons ,on ,lafonta9e's ,fables4 ,! ,wolf & ! ,lamb4 ,might makes "r2 we %all prove ?is pres5tly4 ,a ,lamb 0 qu5*+ 8 ?ir/ 9 a /ream ( pure wat]4 ,a ,wolf1 9 que/ ( adv5tures1 happ5$ by1 drawn to ! spot by hung]4 ,:at makes !e s bold z to pollute ! wat] ,i dr9k8 said he1 angrily4 ,?y impud5ce des]ves to be puni%$4 ,sire1 answ]$ ! ,lamb1 s(t5 y\r wra?1 & consid] t ,i am dr9k+ ! wat] m ?an tw5ty feet bel[ y\r ,maje/y1 & c1 !re=e1 9 no way pollute y\r ,maje/y's dr9k4 ,y d pollute x6 repli$ ! savage animal1 & ,i "k t la/ ye> y sl&]$ me4 ,h[ c\ld ,i :5 ,i 0 n born8 repli$ ! ,lamb4 ,i am /ill a suckl+ babe4 ,if x 0 n y1 !n x 0 y\r bro!r4 ,i h none4 ,!n x 0 "s memb] ( y\r family1 = y d n sp>e me--y1 y\r %eph]ds & y\r dogs4 ,i h be5 told s4 ,i mu/ rev5ge myself4 ,!reupon ! ,wolf c>ri$ him into ! dep?s ( ! =e/1 & ate him )\t fur!r trial4 ,lesson ,giv5 ,by ,mme4 ,g]aldy4 ,9 ! n>rative portions ( a recitation1 ! eyes ( ! speak] %\ld meet ! eyes ( ! audi5ce4 ,9 ?is way he fixes _! att5tion & engages _! sympa?y4 ,look+ /raight at ! audi5ce3 ,might makes "r deplore ! fact4 ,we %all prove ?is pres5tly4 ,a ,lamb by tone ( voice & ge/ure %[ :at a weak1 g5tle creature a lamb is 0 qu5*+ 8 ?ir/ 9 a /ream ( pure wat]4 ,a ,wolf a /rong1 cruel animal1 9 que/ ( adv5tures1 happ5$ by1 drawn to ! spot by hung]4 ,fold ! arms2 ge/ure %\ld always prec$e spee*4 ',:at makes !e s bold z to pollute ! wat] ,i dr9k8' said he1 angrily4 ',?y impud5ce des]ves to be puni%$4' ',sire1' answ]$ ! ,lamb humbly1 's(t5 y\r wra? &--conjunctions %\ld almo/ always be foll[$ by a pause consid] t ,i am dr9k+ ! wat] m ?an tw5ty feet ,m>k me6 bel[ y\r ,maje/y1 & c1 !re=e1 9 no way pollute y\r ,maje/y's dr9k4' ',y d pollute x6' repli$ ! savage animal1 '&--,i "k t1 la/ ye>1 y sl&]$ me4' ,) ?is l9e ,dels>te always gave a progressive ge/ure1 :i* c be/ be describ$ 9 ?is way3 ,give ! ge/ure ( affirmation ,illu/ration3 d[n arr[ see ,lesson ,,vii41 /opp+ twice 9 ! d[nw>d movem5t1 on ! words t & ye>1 ?us3 ,i "k v t la/ v ye> y v sl&]$ me4 ',h[ c\ld ,i :5 ,i 0 n born8' repli$ ! ,lamb g5tle voice4 ',i am /ill a suckl+ babe4' ',if x 0 n y1 !n x 0 y\r bro!r' gruff voice4 ',i h none4' ',!n x 0 "s memb] ( y\r family1 =--y d n sp>e me1 y1 y\r %eph]ds & y\r dogs4 ,!re is no pause aft] ! conjunction & "h1 z x simply jo9s toge!r words 9 a li/4 ,i h be5 told s impati5tly2 ! wolf is tir$ ( p>ley+ s long4 ,i mu/ rev5ge myself4' ',!reupon l[] ! voice to fix ! att5tion ! ,wolf c>ri$ him into ! dep?s ( ! =e/ &--ate him deplore ! fact )\t fur!r trial' voice l[4 ,! ,cat1 ! ,weasel & ! ,little ,rabbit4 ,! palace ( a "y ,rabbit 0 tak5 possession (1 "o f9e morn+1 by ,dame ,weasel2 %e is a sly "o4 ,! ma/] be+ abs5t1 x 0 an easy ?+ = h] to d4 ,%e c>ri$ h] belong+s !re "o day :5 he _h gone to d homage to ,aurora1 amid ! ?yme & ! dew4 ,aft] hav+ nibbl$1 & trott$1 & made all 8 r\nds1 ,bunny ,rabbit return$ to 8 subt]ranean dwell+4 ,mrs4 ,weasel 0 look+ out ( ! w9d[4 ,hospitable gods6 :at d ,i see6 exclaim$ ! animal1 :o _h be5 %ut out f 8 ance/ors' home4 ,hello !re1 ,madam ,weasel1 come out )\t delay1 or ,i %all notify all ! rats 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! lady ) ! po9t$ nose repli$ t l& belong$ to ! fir/ occupant2 t a lodg+ :i* he himself c\ld ent] only on 8 /oma* 0 a f9e subject = w>4 ,& ev5 if x 7 a k+dom1 ,i %\ld l to "k :y1 said %e1 x %\ld belong =ev] to ,john1 son or nephew ( ,pet] or ,william1 m ?an to ,paul1 m ?an to me8 ,bunny ,rabbit alleg$ ! rights ( use & cu/om4 ,x is ^! laws1 said he1 t h made me "l & ma/] ( ?is dwell+2 pass+ f fa!r to son1 x 0 transmitt$ f ,pet] to ,simon & !n to me1 ,john4 ,is ! "r ( ! fir/ occupant a wis] law8 ,oh6 well1 in/ead ( disput+ any m1 said %e1 let u h ! matt] settl$ by ,ram9agrobis ,grippem9aud4 ,! latt] 0 a cat :o liv$ z a dev\t h]mit2 a cat ^: ways & words 7 smoo?2 a pi\s cat1 w>mly clo!d & fat & com=table2 an umpire1 exp]t 9 all cases4 ,bunny ,rabbit accept$ him z judge1 & !y bo? w5t be=e 8 furr$ ,maje/y4 ,said ,grippem9aud to !m3 ,come ne>]1 my *ildr51 come ne>]2 ,i am deaf2 x is ! result ( old age4 ,!y bo? drew ne>]1 suspect+ no?+4 ,z soon z he saw ! conte/ants )9 rea*1 ,grippem9aud1 ! sly fell[1 ?r[+ out 8 paws on bo? sides at once1 caus$ ! two suitors to be ( "o m9d by eat+ !m bo? up4 ,lesson ,giv5 ,by ,mme4 ,g]aldy4 ,beg9 sl[ly1 mak+ frequ5t pauses ,! palace--( a "y ,rabbit a nice little animal--0 tak5 possession (1 "o f9e morn+1 by ,dame ,weasel a p]sonage ) nose & mann]s %>p2 %e is a sly "o4 ,! ma/] be+ abs5t1 x 0 an easy ?+ = h] to d4 ,%e c>ri$ h] belong+s !re )\t ask+ by y\r leave6 "o day :5 he _h gone to d homage to ,aurora1 amid ! ?yme & ! dew4 ,i d n "k if y see ! poetry "h1 b we ,fr5* p consid] ?is la/ l9e "o ( ! lovelie/ bits ( ,lafonta9e4 ,aft] hav+ nibbl$1 & trott$1 & made all 8 r\nds1 ,bunny ,rabbit return$ to 8 subt]ranean dwell+4 ,mrs4 ,weasel 0 look+ out ( ! w9d[4 ,/>t back 9 surprise1 raise ! arms & %\ld]s high1 eyes wide op5 ) a/oni%m5t1 exc5tro-exc5tric2 see ,lesson ,i4 ',hospitable gods6 :at d ,i see6' exclaim$ ! animal :o _h be5 %ut out f 8 ance/ors' home4 ',hello !re1 ,madam ,weasel ) "o arm rais$1 beckon to h] to come d[n1 come out )\t delay1 or--,i %all notify all ! rats 9 ! c\ntry4' ,! lady ) ! po9t$ nose repli$ t l& belong$ to ! fir/ occupant2 t a lodg+ :i* he himself c\ld ent] only scornfully2 eyes conc5tro-exc5tric1 see ,lesson ,i4 on 8 /oma* 0 a f9e subject = w>6 ',& ev5 if x 7 a k+dom ! weasel talks v fa/1 ,i %\ld l to "k :y1' said %e1 'x %\ld belong =ev] to ,john1 son or nephew ( ,pet] or ,william talk v fa/1 ) a great _m ge/iculations1 m ?an to ,paul1 m ?an to me8 ' ,bunny ,rabbit alleg$ ! rights ( use & cu/om4 ',x is ^! laws1' said he ! rabbit talks sl[ly1 't h made me "l & ma/] ( ?is dwell+2 pass+ f fa!r to son c\nt on y\r f+]s1 x 0 transmitt$ f ,pet] to ,simon1 & !n--to me1 ,john1 ,is ! "r ( ! fir/ occupant a wis] law8' ',oh6 well6 in/ead ( disput+ any m1' said %e x is ! weasel :o disputes2 %e talks 9 a high key & v fa/ 'let u h ! matt] settl$ by ,ram9agrobis ,grippem9aud4' ,! latt] 0 a cat :o liv$ z a dev\t h]mit2 a cat ^: ways & words 7 smoo?2 a pi\s cat ass]t ! fact1 w>mly clo!d & fat & com=table said ) ! ge/ure expressive ( pl5itude made ) bo? arms ,illu/ration2 see ,lesson ,,vii42 an umpire1 exp]t 9 all cases4 ,bunny ,rabbit accept$ him z judge1 &--!y bo? w5t be=e 8 furr$ ,maje/y4 ,said ,grippem9aud ! conc5tric /ate2 take ! attitude ( "o :o is wrapp$ up 9 himself1 head b5t1 %\ld]s w>p$1 h&s hold+ ea* o!r2 h>dly unclasp to make ! sign ( beckon+ to !m3 ',come ne>]1 my *ildr51 come ne>]2 po9t to ! e>s ,i am deaf2 x is ! result ( old age4' ,!y bo? drew ne>]1 suspect+ no?+4 ,z soon z he saw ! conte/ants )9 rea*1 prep>e ! claws ,grippem9aud1 ! sly fell[ act ! foll[+ ?r[+ out 8 paws on bo? sides at once1 caus$ ! two suitors to be ( "o m9d by eat+ !m bo? up4 ,dels>te's ,daught] ,9 ,am]ica4 ,by ,adele ,m4 ,woodw>d4 ,mme4 ,g]aldy be+ ask$1 dur+ h] rec5t visit to ?is c\ntry1 :at %e ?\ght ( ! sy/em ( gymna/ics call$ ,dels>te1 said 7to translate lit]ally ! expressive ,fr5*73 ,x makes me jump6 ,& yet y h my fa!r's me?od1 %e cont9u$1 %[+ two ( ! pr9cipal works on ! subject publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry4#i ,all t is correct 7po9t+ to "s ( ! *>ts72 :at m d y want8 ,! tr\ble lies "h3 ,am]icans want$ m4 ,!y add$1 !y devis$1 !y evolv$ f ! few ge/ures giv5 by ! ,fr5* ma/] a :ole sy/em ( movem5ts :i* !y call$ by 8 "n1 & :i* has become v popul> 9 "y ladies' sem9>ies & "y ladies' clubs4 ,! "n ( ,dels>te has be5 s /rongly associat$ ) ?is sy/em1 t to mo/ p ! ^w ,dels>te )\t ! ^w gymna/ics w\ld n mean any?+4 ,mme4 ,g]aldy came to our c\ntry to tell u :at ! "n ( ,dels>te means4 ,dels>te nev] taught gymna/ics4 ,8 :ole life 0 devot$ to ! /udy ( ! laws t gov]n expression4 ,8 pupils 7 m5 ( all pr(essions1 m9i/]ial & legal orators1 actors1 s+]s1 etc4 ,! fir/ half ( 8 lesson1 said %e1 0 always devot$ to !ory1 ! second to practice4 ,mme4 ,g]aldy is a tall1 d>k-hair$1 middle-ag$ woman1 ) an int]e/+ face & a *>m+ ,fr5* mann]4 ,%e we>s m\rn+ = h] "m1 :o di$ 9 #ahia4 ,my "m1 %e said1 0 a rem>kable woman2 %e ought to be z well kn[n z my fa!r is4 ,i w\ld r my fa!r 7 n kn[n at all1 %e cont9u$1 ?an to be kn[n z he is 9 y\r c\ntry1 t is1 z a pr(essor ( gymna/ics4 ,%e said %e _h he>d ( ! ,am]ican ,dels>te gymna/ics :ile 9 ,p>is 7,am]icans pass+ ?r\gh ! city _h (t5 come to h] & ask$ que/ions71 b %e _h no idea1 until %e came "h1 t !y 7 pu%$ s f>4 ,%e 0 q amus$ at hav+ dumb-bells giv5 h] at "o ( h] lectures 9 a t[n 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 a gymnasium1 z usual1 %e said1 smil+4 ,anybody :o _h ev] be5 ?r\gh ! ,dels>te gymna/ics & aft]w>d foll[$ ! c\rse ( lessons t ,mme4 ,g]aldy gave to a class :ile 9 ,new ,york1 w\ld h be5 /ruck by ! beauty & simplicity ( h] fa!r's me?od1 & h] cle> & direct exposition ( x4 ,"h 0 no affectation4 ,i abhor all t is affect$1 %e said4 ,!re 7 no intricate convolutions1 no fl\ri%es1 &1 above all1 no decompos+ ex]cises4 ,an int]e/+ fact to note is t ,mme4 ,g]aldy began by tea*+ h] pupils ! expressions ( ! eyes1 & :5 %e gave !m attitudes or ge/ures1 %e always call$ = ! facial expression to accompany !m4 ,a woman1 well-kn[n 9 h] pr(ession ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 is said to h made ! rem>k t ,mme4 ,g]aldy 0 wrong 9 beg9n+ ) ! eyes2 %e %\ld beg9 ) ! feet4 ,only aft] %[+ ! possibilities ( expression by face1 head1 h&s1 arms & %\ld]s1 did ,mme4 ,g]aldy give ! basic attitudes4 ,%e 0 v pati5t & pa9/ak+ ) h] pupils1 & %[$ h]self int]e/$ 9 e "o4 ,%e w\ld (t5 pause1 :ile %[+ "s expressive ge/ures1 & say1 smil+3 ,b y ,am]icans d n express y\rselves 9 ge/ures4 ,y d n 'move' z mu* z we d4 ,& aga91 :5 insi/+ on ! expressiv5ess ( ! %\ld]s :5 rais$ 7! %\ld]s are ! !rmomet] ( passion1 said ,dels>te7 %e w\ld conclude3 ,b all ?is is n ,am]ican2 y ,am]icans d n %rug y\r %\ld]s4 ,9 giv+ ! ge/ure ( c>ess1 %e quot$ h] fa!r z say+ t ! attitude ( ! h&s 9 pray] is a c]ta9 =m ( c>ess4 ,9 our desire to h ! ?+ we pray =1 we clasp our h&s toge!r & press !m to our bosom z if we already held x4#aj ,%e 0 sometimes amus$ at ! num]\s que/ions t 7 ask$ h] dur+ ! lessons4 ,:at se>*+ m9ds y ,am]icans h6 %e w\ld rem>k1 admir+ly4 ,y mu/ "k ! :y & ! :]e=e ( ev]y?+4 ,we ,fr5* p are ( mu* light] m9d & take ?+s m = grant$4 ,dur+ ! lesson on basic attitudes1 ! foll[+ "q 0 put3 ,9 ! attitude ( repose is ! m9d 9 a passive /ate1 & 9 ! attitude expressive ( vehem5ce is ! m9d 9 an active /ate8 ,! simple answ] 03 ,x is ! m9d t gov]ns ! feet & n ! feet t gov]n ! m9d4 ,mme4 ,g]aldy always insi/$ on ! law ( opposition 9 movem5ts1 nature's & h] fa!r's great law4 ,%e gave1 = example1 an int]e/+ s]ies ( ge/ures1 :i* might be call$ ! asc5d+ scale f d\bt to conviction1 9 :i* ! head moves simultane\sly ) ! arms & 9 an inv]se direction4 ,! figure on page #edg99 repres5ts ! angles made by ! arms & %\ld]s &1 at ! same "t1 ^? made by ! head & %\ld]s to express ! accompany+ ideas4 ,dels>te us$ to say3 ,:5 ,i am speak+1 /op me 9 ! mom5t ( my greate/ exaltation1 & ,i defy y to f9d me1 f my head to my feet1 9 a position contr>y to my me?od4 ,voice-culture = ! speak+-voice is n an art t is cultivat$ 9 ,france1 ,mme4 ,g]aldy said1 ,:at c y d to *ange y\r voice8 ,x 0 giv5 to y by nature2 y _c *ange y\r vocal cords4 ,mme4 ,g]aldy return$ to ,france1 be>+ ) h] ! hope t h] ef=ts h n be5 altoge!r unsuccessful 9 mak+ ! great "w ( h] fa!r's life bett] kn[n to ,am]icans1 bett] und]/ood & appreciat$ by !m4 ,"p ,sev5?4 ,add5da4 ,tru5ess 9 ,s++4 ,notes ( a ,lecture by ,dels>te1 ,tak5 by ,8 ,pupil ,a4 ,giraudet1 ( ,! ,national ,academy ( ,music1 ,p>is4 ,by a mo/ reasonable d$uction d]iv$ f 8 admirable pr9ciples1 ,dels>te reckon$ ?ree modes or degrees ( correct s++3 #a4 ,absolute tru5ess2 #b4 ,temp]ate tru5ess2 #c4 ,passional tru5ess4 ,absolute tru5ess is t adopt$ by !ori/s1 :o divide ! gamut into five notes & two semi-notes2 ! note into n9e commas1 or %ades ( tone2 ! *romatic semi-tone into five1 & ! diatonic semi-tone into f\r4 ,?us f ,c to ,c !y c\nt five %ades ( tone2 :]eas f ,c to ,db !y c\nt b f\r4 ,likewise1 f ,d to ,db !y c\nt five %ades ( tone1 & f ,d to ,c b f\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,absolute scale ,! diff]5ce ( a comma betwe5 ! ,d flat & ! ,c %>p1 seem+ly a v slight diff]5ce1 is1 nev]!less1 mo/ important 9 s++1 z we %all see lat] on4 ,b p]=m]s1 to simplify our musical sy/em1 h divid$ ?is comma into two1 mak+ synonym\s notes ( ,d flat & ,c %>p2 t is to say1 notes hav+ ! same s\nd4 ,! note is1 !re=e1 practically divid$ into two semitones ( f\r commas & a half4 ,?is is :at is kn[n z mod]ation or temp]ate tru5ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,temp]ate scale ,temp]ate tru5ess is defective f _m po9ts ( view4 ,?is is ! univ]sal op9ion1 b we are =c$ to accept ?is me?od by ! absolute impossibility ( any improvem5t1 especially ) ! key-bo>d in/rum5ts n[ 9 vogue2 & x mu/ be accept$ until "s new inv5tion %all revolutionize ! piano by modulat+ its tones1 a trans=mation :i* w\ld give t in/rum5t n only ! musical design1 b also ! color & w>m? :i* x n[ lacks4 ,let u pass to passional tru5ess1 leav+ sci5ce to ent] ! doma9 ( art4 ,passional tru5ess1 said ,dels>te1 consi/s 9 giv+ ea* semitone ?ree1 f\r1 five1 six1 or ev5 sev5 commas1 accord+ to its t5d5cy4 ,z we see1 ! precept is d>+1 & an inatt5tive s*ol> w\ld only h to =get ! la/ words ( ! def9ition to make p say t ! great ma/] ( lyric art taught 8 pupils to s+ false4 ,e rule has its reason & its consequ5ces4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o knew ! ,beautiful1 ( :i* art is only ! expression1 & :o c\ld expla9 x well1 has giv5 u a brief b admirable def9ition ( music3 ,music is a succession ( s\nds ea* call+ =? ! o!r4 ,simple yet pr(\nd words6 ,! s\nds call ea* o!r =?1 desire & mutually attract ea* o!r1 & 9 e age ?is attraction has be5 s cle>ly evid5t1 t ! sev5? note 9 ! scale1 :5 x meets ! o!rs ea* ( :i* has its p>ticul> "n relat+ to its p>ticul> function1 tonic1 dom9ant1 etc41 is simply call$ ! s5sitive note1 f its t5d5cy to pass into ! atonic4 ,passional tru5ess is bas$ ^u ?is t5d5cy ( ! notes to pass into ^? :i* succe$ !m1 & ^u ?is reciprocal attraction ( s\nds4 ,?us1 notes1 :i* h a t5d5cy t[>d ! acute or %rill1 may be rais$ two commas or m above temp]ate tru5ess4 ,notes :i* h a t5d5cy t[>d ! grave may be l[]$ 9 ! same proportion4 7,example1 tak5 f ,! ,prophet1 by ,mey]be]47 ,ex4 ,no4 #a4 ,music ,ah6 mon fils ,ex4 ,no4 #b ,music il re-nia ta me-re ,"h1 ! ,b may be b two commas di/ant f ! ,c2 & 9 ! second example giv51 ! ,a flat may also be b two commas remov$ f ! ,g1 & ?is *ange f> f produc+ a disagreeable effect ^u ! e>1 w make a mo/ /rik+ impression & ! acc5t w be f> m dramatic ?an be=e4 ,try ! rev]se1 t is1 divide ! int]val ,b %>p-,c into sev5 commas on ! semitones ,a flat-,g2 x w be un5durable4 ,:5ce we may d$uce ! fact t to s+ false is to s+ above or bel[ a note 9 ! inv]se direction to its attraction4 ,dels>te1 9 8 def9ition1 speaks only ( ! semitone1 & we ourselves give examples ( t sort ( attraction only2 b x does n foll[ t ! o!r int]vals are n equally subject to ! same law4 ,_! attraction may n be %[n by ! same effects4 ,! ma/] add$1 9 speak+ ( tru5ess 9 s++3 ,! triad is ! brea?+-place ( ! tonality2 ! notes compos+ x %\ld be absolutely true4 ,!y are ! s+]'s inv>iable & necess>y law4 ,!y *>act]ize repose4 ,_! (fice is t ( attraction1 & !y c only be attract$ mutually1 ) ! exception ( ! tonic1 :i* is ! c5tre ( attraction n only = v>i\s notes1 b = ! phrase & ! entire composition4 ,dels>te 0 v sev]e 9 reg>d to ^? :o sang false2 b to s+ true 0 n1 to 8 ?9k+1 a good quality4 ,he said1 on ?is po9t1 t no "o w\ld complim5t an ar*itect because he _h built a h\se 9 accordance ) geometrical rules4 ,:5ce he conclud$ t tru5ess is ! lea/ ( good qualities1 & ! lack ( x ! greate/ ( vices1 & he add$ 9 reg>d to /yle3 ,! mo/ important quality is expression1 & a lack ( expression is ! lea/ ( vices4 ,let u add t ! application ( passional tru5ess dep5ds ^u a ?\s& conditions ( rhy?m & h>mony1 to analyze :i* w\ld lead u mu* too f>4 ,! arti/ mu/ make use ( x accord+ to 8 aptitudes & 8 t5d5cies1 = he mu/ pres]ve 8 individuality4 ,he mu/ le>n by obs]vation & ! /udy ( 8 own faculties to apply !oretical rules f\nd$ ^u natural laws4 ,practical tru5ess1 :ile x all[s u to dep>t f legitimate tru5ess1 has /rong analogies ) ! tempo rubato4 ,! tempo rubato1 :i* ,dels>te employ$ 9 a rem>kable & /rik+ way 9 dramatic passages1 actually p]mits ! musician1 9 c]ta9 cases & 9 ! desir$ proportion1 to *ange ! value ( ! notes :ile respect+ ! pr9ciple ( "t1 :i* is inv>iable4 ,b ! application ( ^! rules is subject to ! emotional int5sity2 x is1 !re=e1 impossible to det]m9e !oretically & absolutely its v>i\s be>+s4 ,dels>te4 ,f ! ,atlantic ,mon?ly = ,may1 #ahga1 by p]mission ( ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co4 ,by ,francis ,a4 ,durivage4 ,x 0 n until la/ summ]1 & !n "u peculi>ly impressive circum/ances1 t ,i saw1 = ! fir/ "t1 a rem>kable man ^: "n is indissolubly associat$ ) ,fr5* art--,francois ,dels>te1 ( ,p>is4 ,my curiosity _h be5 deeply excit$ by :at ,i _h he>d ( him4 ,i 0 told t1 aft] long ye>s ( pati5t toil & pr(\nd ?\ght1 8 g5ius _h discov]$ & develop$ a sci5tific basis = hi/rionic art1 t he _h sub/itut$ law = empiricism 9 ! doma9 ( ! mo/ pot5tial ( ! f9e arts2 & :5 ! names ( ,ra*el & ,macready 7 quot$ 9 8 li/ ( pupils1 ,i 0 eag] to behold ! ma/] & to le>n some?+ ( ! sy/em :i* has yield$ su* fruits to ! mod]n /age4 ,! k9dness ( a fri5d procur$ me ! r>e privilege ( admission to ! la/ session ( ,dels>te's c\rse1 :i* clos$ 9 ,july4 ,x 0 on "o ( ^? we>y summ] days :5 ! hu% ( expectation1 foll[+ ! fi]ce excitem5t caus$ by ! decl>ation ( w>1 _h eclips$ ! gayety ( ,p>is4 ,! notes ( ! ,m>seillaise _h ceas$ to /ir ! blood l ! s\nd ( a trumpet4 ,! gl>e & glitt] ( ,fr5* *ivalry1 :i* _h mask$ ! feebl5ess ( ! ,imp]ial milit>y sy/em1 _h vani%$4 ,! sup]b ,c5t ,g>des1 ! brilliant lanc]s1 ! savage ,turcos1 & ! da%+ ,spahis _h be5 replac$ by ! co>sely clad troops ( ! l9e4 ,x 0 grim-visag$ w> & n its pageantry t we beheld2 heavy guns rumbl+ sl[ly across ! ,place de la ,concorde2 d>k masses ( m5 mov+ l %ad[s on _! fun]al m>* to ! p]il\s edge ( battle4 ,x 0 a relief to ex*ange ^! sad sc5es = t quiet int]ior ( ! ,b\lev>d de ,c\rcelles1 :]e a little gr\p ( p]sons devot$ to ae/hetic culture 7 ga!r$ ar\nd _! tea*]1 p]haps = ! la/ "t4 ,! p]sonal appe>ance ( ,dels>te is impressive4 ,ye>s h n depriv$ 8 massive =m ( its vigor1 nor dimm$ ! fire ( 8 eye4 ,8 head is ca/ 9 a ,roman m\ld2 inde$1 ! f9e m$allion lik5ess execut$ by 8 daught] might well pass = an antique 9 ! eyes ( a /rang]4 ,9 8 p]sonal be>+ !re is no?+ ( t self-ass]tion1 t pos+1 :i* is a common defect ( 8 di/+ui%$ c\ntrym54 ,! pupils :om ,i met 7 ladies1 ) ! s+le exception ( a "y ,am]ican1 ,mr4 ,james ,s4 ,mac,kaye1 to :om1 z 8 favorite disciple & "o designat$ to succe$ him 9 8 pr(ession1 ,dels>te has imp>t$ all ! m9utiae ( 8 sci5ce4 ,to ?is g5tleman 0 assign$ ! honor ( op5+ ! seance by a brief exposition ( ! sy/em1 & ( clos+ x by recit+ 9 ,fr5* a brilliant tragic monologue1 ! effect ( :i*1 9 spite ( ! abs5ce ( appropriate co/ume & sc5ic illusion1 electrifi$ ! audi5ce4 ,9 ?is sc5e1 ,les ,t]reurs de ,?oas1 ^? rapidly *ang+ expressions ( ! features1 ^? /atuesque attitudes melt+ into ea* o!r1 :i* we all rememb] 9 ,ra*el1 indicat$ a common orig94 ,x ne$$ n ! add$ eloqu5ce ( words & ! sombre music ( ! voice to tell ! tragic /ory ( ! victim ( ! ,eum5ides4 ,aft] li/5+ to ! recitation1 ,i 0 n surpris$ to le>n t ! "y /ud5t 0 to appe>1 "u ! auspices ( 8 tea*]1 at ! ,!atre ,francais1 dur+ ! approa*+ w9t]1--an honor nev] be=e conc$$ to any =eign]4 ,! l>ge ,am]ican colony 9 ,p>is 0 look+ =w>d to ?is debut ) a natural pride1 & ,dels>te ) ! calm assurance ( 8 favorite's triumph4 ,alas6 we all reckon$ )\t tak+ ,k+ ,william1 ! ,cr[n ,pr9ce1 ! ,f$ ,pr9ce1 von ,moltke1 & von ,bism>ck into our acc\nt4 ,we nev] fanci$1 on t bright ,july morn+1 t ,krupp ( ,ess5's cannon & ! ne$le-gun 7 soon to give laws to ,p>is4 ,b int] arma sil5t artes z well z leges4 ,ne>] & deadli] trag$ies ?an ^? ( ,corneille & ,rac9e 7 soon to be enact$2 & ! poor play]s 7 summon$ to p]=m _! p>ts ^u no mimic /age4 ,h[ev]1 :at ?\gh ! field be lo/8 all is n lo/4 ,! v5ue1 to borr[ a legal phrase1 has be5 *ang$1 b ! cause has n be5 ab&on$4 ,our "y c\ntryman has return$ to 8 native l&1 br++ ) him ! fruits ( 8 long /udies1 to appeal to an ,am]ican audi5ce1 & x is q possible t 8 tea*] may be induc$ to transf] 8 s*ool ( art to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,al?\gh at ?is seance ,dels>te appe>$ dispos$ to efface himself 9 favor ( 8 brilliant repres5tative1 he k9dly cons5t$ to speak a few words 7& :at a *>m+ ,fr5* lesson 0 8 caus]ie67 & to pres5t a specim5 ( 8 pantomimic p[]s4 ,! latt] exhibition 0 really surpris+4 ,he depict$ ! v>i\s passions & emotions ( ! human s\l1 by means ( expression & ge/ure only1 )\t utt]+ a s+le syllable2 mov+ ! spectators to te>s1 excit+ !m to en?usiasm1 or ?rill+ !m ) t]ror at 8 w2 9 a ^w1 completely magnetiz+ !m4 ,n a discord 9 8 diatonic scale4 ,y 7 =c$ to admit t e ge/ure1 e movem5t ( a facial muscle1 _h a true purpose1 a raison d'etre4 ,x 0 a triumphant demon/ration4 ,! life ( ?is great ma/] & tea*]1 h]eaft] to be kn[n z ! f\nd] ( ! ,sci5ce ( ,dramatic ,art1 cr[d$ ) /range vicissitudes & romantic episodes1 =ms a record full ( int]e/4 ,francois ,dels>te 0 born at ,solesmes1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,nor?1 ,france1 9 #ahaa4 ,8 fa!r 0 a physician1 & 8 "m a woman ( r>e abilities1 :o taught h]self to speak & write sev]al languages4 ,%ortly aft] ! battle ( ,wat]loo a deta*m5t ( ! alli$ troops 0 pass+ ?r\gh ,solesmes1 9 ! mid/ ( a dead & sull5 sil5ce1 :5 ! comm&ant's quick e> caught ! s\nd ( a *ildi% voice cry+1 ,vive l',em-pe-weur6 ,vive ,na-po-le-on6 ,e "o smil$ at ! juv5ile speak]'s audacity1 except ! /]n (fic] ^: "n has1 un=tunately1 escap$ ! infam\s celebrity x des]v$4 ,by 8 ord]s1 a platoon ( soldi]s s\ght out ! *ild's home & burn$ x to ! gr\nd2 & ?us little ,francois ,dels>te became ! innoc5t cause ( ! ru9 ( 8 family4 ,! atrocities committ$ dur+ ! ,:ite ,t]ror1 ( :i* ?is incid5t is an example1 ?\gh pass$ ov] by hi/ory1 are n =gott5 by ! survivors ( t cruel p]iod4 ,! lead]s 9 ! second t]ror c\ld n plead ! ignorance ( ,robespi]re's foll[]s 9 excuse ( _! excesses1 = !y 7 nobles1 magi/rates1 prie/s & (fic]s ( rank4 ,dels>te's e>ly ye>s 7 pass$ 9 ! mid/ ( cruel privations & dome/ic tr\bles1 = ev5 love =sook a home blight$ by pov]ty4 ,8 fa!r1 naturally pr\d & imp]i\s1 irritat$ by /rait5$ circum/ances1 out ( :i* !re seem$ no issue1 cru%$ by ! weight ( obligations to o!rs1 lo/ he>t & hope1 became morose1 sceptical & bitt]1 & treat$ 8 wife & family ) su* h>%ness & inju/ice1 t ,dels>te's "m 0 f9ally compell$ to ab&on h] husb&4 ,%e fl$ ) h] two boys to ,p>is1 hop+ !re to make h] tal5ts available4 ,all h] ef=ts1 h[ev]1 7 fruitless1 & %e f\nd h]self on ! v]ge ( />vation4 ,"o ev5+1 z %e sat ) h] two boys 9 h] wret*$ room1 tortur$ by _! que/ions aft] _! fa!r1 %e c\ld n suppress h] te>s4 ,francois1 ! elde/1 !n n9e ye>s ( age1 tri$ to console h]4 ,he told h] t he 0 almo/ a man1 able to e>n 8 food & to take c>e ( h] & 8 little bro!r4 ,%e li/5$ to 8 prattle ) a sad smile1 kiss$ him & embrac$ him4 ,dur+ all ( ! sleepless night :i* foll[$1 ,francois 0 revolv+ 8 hidd5 projects ( indep5d5ce1 & at gray dawn1 confid+ 8 purpose only to 8 bro!r1 & bidd+ him tell 8 "m1 :5 %e awoke1 t he w\ld soon be back ) money to buy bread = !m1 ! *ild /ole =? to seek 8 =tune 9 ! great dre>y _w ( ,p>is4 ,he w&]$ ab\t all day1 & at night1 hungry & we>y1 ent]$ a jewel]'s %op 9 ! ,palais ,royal1 kept by an old woman1 to :om he appeal$ = employm5t--va9ly at fir/4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 %e cons5t$ to engage him z a drudge & err& boy1 all[$ him to sleep 9 an armoire ov] ! door1 & gave him f\r p\nds ( bread a week 9 lieu ( wages4 ,f\r p\nds ( bread a week6 ,! all[ance appe>$ munific5t1 & he accept$ ! (f] ) gratitude4 ,a brief exp]i5ce dispell$ 8 illusions4 ,he 0 always we>y & always hungry4 ,aft] a few weeks' trial1 he left 8 fir/ b5efactress & secur$ "s k9d ( employm5t at five s\s a day1 out ( :i* he contriv$ to save two4 ,9 two weeks he _h sav$ ne>ly a franc & a half = 8 de> "m4 ,"o day1 :ile execut+ a commission = 8 employ]1 he f\nd 8 little bro!r alone 9 ! /reet cry+ bitt]ly4 ,h[ is de> mamma8 0 8 fir/ "q4 ,dead1 & c>ri$ away by ugly m54 ,! w9t] ( #ahba 0 unusually sev]e = ,p>is4 ,"o night ,dels>te & 8 bro!r fell asleep 9 ea* o!r's arms 9 ! wret*$ l(t !y occupi$2 b :5 ! =m] op5$ 8 eyes to ! morn+'s light he 0 hold+ a corpse to 8 he>t4 ,! little boy _h p]i%$ ( cold & />vation4 ,almo/ mad ) t]ror & grief1 ! survivor ru%$ into ! /reets to summon ! neighbors4 ,! next day a little hatless boy1 9 rags & ne>ly b>efoot$1 foll[$ two m5 be>+ a small p9e c(f9 :i* !y deposit$ 9 ! fosse commune ( ,p]e la ,*aise4 ,aft] see+ ! grave cov]$1 ,dels>te left ! cemet]y & w&]$ we>ily ?r\gh ! sn[1 n[ utt]ly alone 9 ! _w1 across ! pla9 ( ,/4 ,d5is4 ,ov]come by cold1 hung]1 & grief1 he sank to ! gr\nd1 & !n1 be=e he lo/ consci\sness1 a /ra9 ( music1 real or imag9>y1 met 8 e> & *>m$ him to a =getfulness ( mis]y1 b]eavem5t1 all ! evils t environ$ him4 ,x 0 ! fir/ awak5+ ( 8 arti/ s\l1 & to ?is day ,dels>te believes t x 0 no e>?ly music t he he>d4 ,r\s+ himself f a sort ( /upor into :i* he _h fall51 he saw a *iffonni] b5d+ ov] him4 ,! man _h = a mom5t mi/ak5 ! pro/rate =m = a bundle ( rags2 b tak+ pity on ! half-froz5 lad1 he plac$ him 9 8 basket & c>ri$ him to 8 mis]able home4 ,& s ! future arti/ comm5c$ 8 pr(essional c>e] z a ,p>isian rag-pick]4 ,:ile w&]+ ab\t ! great city 9 ! int]e/ ( 8 employ]1 8 only solace 0 to li/5 to ! songs ( it9]ant vocali/s & ! occasional music ( a milit>y b&4 ,music became 8 passion4 ,f "s ( ! gam9s he le>n$ ! sev5 notes ( ! scale1 &1 to pres]ve ! melodies t delight$ him1 he inv5t$ a sy/em ( musical notation4 ,on a c]ta9 holiday1 :5 he 0 twelve ye>s old1 :ile li/5+ to ! delightful music 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies1 ! little *iffonni] busi$ himself ) draw+ figures 9 ! du/4 ,an old man ( ecc5tric appe>ance1 notic+ 8 e>ne/ dilig5ce1 acco/$ him4 ,:at are y do+ !re1 boy8 he ask$4 ,t]rifi$ at fir/1 b reassur$ by ! k9d mann] ( ! /rang]1 ,dels>te repli$3 ,writ+ d[n ! music1 sir4 ,d y mean to say ^? m>ks h any significance8 ,t y c read !m8 ,c]ta9ly1 sir4 ,let me he> y4 ,enc\rag$ by ! int]e/ manife/$ 9 him1 ! lad sang 9 a sweet & pure b sad voice ! /ra9s j play$ by ! milit>y b&4 ,! old man 0 amaz$4 ,:o taught y ?is process8 ,nobody1 sir2 f\nd x out myself4 ,bamb9i--= x 0 ! !n di/+ui%$1 b n[ almo/ =gott51 pr(essor--(f]$ to take ! boy home ) him2 & he :o _h ent]$ ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies a rag-pick]1 left x a recogniz$ musician4 ,9 ! du/ ( ,p>is 7 fir/ writt5 ! elem5ts ( a sy/em de/9$ to reg5]ate art4 ,bamb9i taught 8 protege all he knew1 b ! pupil soon surpass$ ! ma/] & became 8 in/ructor 9 turn2 = if ! "o _h tal5t1 ! o!r possess$ g5ius4 ,bamb9i pr$ict$ ! future ( ,dels>te4 ,"o day :5 !y 7 walk+ arm-9-arm 9 ! ,av5ue des ,*amps-,elysees1 ! =m] said3 ,d y see all ^? p 9 c>riages1 ) _! f9e liv]ies & magnific5t clo!s8 ,well1 ! day w come :5 !y w only be too happy to li/5 to y1 pr\d ( y\r pres5ce 9 _! salons1 envy+ y\r fame z a great arti/4 ,bamb9i's dea? left ,dels>te poor & fri5dless4 ,at f\rte51 h[ev]1 he manag$ to get admitt$ into ! ,cons]vatoire1 :]e1 ?\gh he labor$ h>d1 he met ) h>% treatm5t & disc\ragem5t4 ,! pr(essors dislik$ him = 8 reflective nature & p]si/5t que/ion+s :i* br\ght to light ! sup]ficiality ( _! acquirem5ts2 8 fell[-pupils1 = 8 exclusive devotion to /udy & 8 res]ve1 ! result ( diffid5ce r ?an ( hauteur4 ,8 pr(essors 7 dictators1 :o1 :ile diff]+ f ea* o!r z tea*]s1 7 yet unit$ 9 fr[n+ ^u any attempt on ! "p ( _! pupil to emancipate himself f ! ?raldom ( conv5tionalism & r\t9e4 ,g5ius 0 a h]esy = :i* !y _h no m]cy4 ,?r[n ^u 8 own res\rces1 he soon develop$1 by c>eful obs]vation ( nature & a con/ant /udy ( cause & effect1 a sy/em & a /yle radically diff]+ f ^? ( ! pr(essors & _! s]vile imitators4 ,"o day1 aft] hav+ sung 9 8 own /yle at "o ( ! public exhibitions--applaud$1 h[ev]1 only by a s+le auditor1--he 0 walk+ sadly & sl[ly 9 ! c\rt-y>d ( ! ,cons]vatoire1 :5 a lady & a g5tleman approa*$ him4 ,c\rage1 my fri5d1 said ! lady4 ,y\r s++ has giv5 me ! highe/ pleasure4 ,y w be a great arti/4 ,s spake ,m>ie ,malibran1 ! que5 ( song4 ,my fri5d1 said h] companion1 ,x 0 ,i :o applaud$ y j n[4 ,9 my op9ion1 y are a s+] hors de ligne4 ,:5 my *ildr5 are ready to le>n music1 y1 above all o!rs1 %all be _! pr(essor4 ,^! 7 ! words ( ,adolphe ,n\rrit4 ,! praises ( ,malibran & ,n\rrit gave ,dels>te c\rage1 reviv$ 8 hopes1 & decid$ him to foll[ implicitly ! prompt+s ( 8 g5ius4 ,8 extreme pov]ty compell$ him at la/ to apply to ! ,cons]vatoire = a diploma :i* w\ld enable him to secure a situation at "o ( ! lyric !atres4 ,x 0 refus$4 ,! autumn ( #ahbi f\nd him a %abby1 almo/ ragg$ applicant = employm5t at ! /age-door ( ! ,op]a ,comique4 ,repeat$ rebuffs fail$ to baffle 8 desp]ate p]t9acity4 ,"o day ! director1 he>+ ( ! annoyance to :i* 8 subord9ates 7 subject$ by ,dels>te1 det]m9$ to abate ! nuisance by "o ( ^? cruel c\ps-de-ma9 ( :i* ,fr5*m5 are pre-em95tly capable4 ,! next night1 dur+ ! p]=mance1 :5 ,dels>te call$1 he 01 to 8 surprise & delight1 %[n into ! great man's pres5ce4 ,well1 sir1 :at d y want8 ,p>don1 ,monsieur1 ,i came to seek a place at y\r !atre4 ,!re is b "o vacant1 & y don't seem capable ( fill+ t4 ,i want only a call-boy4 ,sir1 ,i am prep>$ to fill ! position ( a premi] sujet among y\r s+]s4 ,imbecile6 ,monsieur1 if my clo!s are poor1 my art is g5u9e4 ,well1 sir1 if y w s+ = me1 ,i w he> y %ortly4 ,he left ,dels>te alone1 ov]joy$ at hav+ secur$ ! manag]'s e>4 ,9 a few mom5ts a surly fell[ told him he 0 want$ bel[1 & he soon f\nd himself ) ! manag] ^u ! /age beh9d ! gre5 curta94 ,y are to s+ "h1 said ! director4 ,!re is y\r piano4 ,9 "o mom5t ! curta9 w be rung up4 ,i am tir$ ( y\r importunities4 ,i give y "o *ance to %[ ! /uff y're made (4 ,if y disc>d ?is opportunity1 ! next "t y %[ y\r face at my door y %all be arre/$ & imprison$ z a vagrant4 ,! indignation excit$ 9 ,dels>te by ?is cruel trick in/antly gave way be=e ! reflection t success 0 a matt] ( life & dea? ) him1 & t p]haps 8 la/ *ance lay )9 8 grasp4 ,he =got 8 rags2 e n]ve became iron2 & :5 ! curta9 0 rung up1 a begg> ) ! be>+ ( a pr9ce advanc$ to ! foot-lights1 0 receiv$ ) d]isive laught] by "s1 ) glances ( surprise & indignation by o!rs1 &1 ) a sad & pati5t smile on 8 c\nt5ance1 gracefully salut$ ! brilliant audi5ce4 ,! c\rtl9ess ( 8 mann] dis>m$ ho/ility2 b :5 he sat d[n to ! piano1 ran 8 f+]s ov] ! keys1 & sang a few b>s1 ! exquisite voice f\nd its way to e he>t4 ,) e mom5t 8 voice became m p[]ful4 ,ea* gradation ( emotion 0 r5d]$ ) an ease1 an art1 an expression1 t made e he>t/r+ vibrate4 ,!n he sudd5ly /opp$1 b[$1 & retir$4 ,! h\se rang ) bravos4 ,! dress-circle =got its retic5ce & jo9$ 9 ! tumult ( applause4 ,he 0 recall$4 ,?is "t he sang a gr& lyric composition ) ! full volume ( 8 voice1 aid$ 9 effect by ^? imp]ial ge/ures ( :i* he _h already discov]$ ! secret4 ,! audi5ce 7 electrifi$4 ,!y decl>$ t ,talma 0 resuscitat$4 ,b :5 he 0 a second "t recall$1 8 tragic mood _h melt$2 !re 7 te>s 9 8 voice z well z on 8 *eeks4 ,aft] ! fall ( ! curta9 ! director grasp$ 8 h&1 load$ him ) complim5ts1 & (f]$ him an engagem5t = a ye> at a sal>y ( t5 ?\s& francs4 ,he w5t home to occupy 8 wret*$ attic = ! la/ "t1 & fall+ on 8 knees p\r$ =? 8 s\l 9 pray]4 ,! next day ,dels>te1 neatly dress$1 paid a visit to ! directors ( ! ,cons]vatoire4 ,g5tlem51 said he1 y w\ld n give me a recomm5dation z a *ori/]2 ! public h accord$ me ?is4 ,& he display$ 8 commission z ,com$i5 du ,roi4 ,dels>te rema9$ ^u ! lyric /age until #ahcd1 :5 ! failure ( 8 voice1 :i* _h be5 /ra9$ at ! ,cons]vatoire1 compell$ him to retire4 ,he cont9u$1 h[ev]1 ! /udy ( music1 & 8 productions1 p>ticul>ly a ,dies ,irae1 plac$ him 9 ! front rank ( compos]s4 ,at ?is p]iod ( 8 life1 m$itation & /udy result$ 9 a firm religi\s fai?1 :i* nev] wav]$ aft]w>d4 ,he n[ appli$ himself to ! task ( e/abli%+ a sci5tific basis = lyric & dramatic art1 & aft] ye>s ( pati5t labor p]fect$ a sy/em on :i* probably 8 fame w ultimately re/4 ,8 c\rs = in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples ( art 0 fir/ op5$ 9 #ahci4 ,f ! outset he 0 appreciat$ by ! highly cultivat$ few1 nor 0 x long be=e ! circle ext5d$ & ! new ma/] won a ,european reputation4 ,"s ( 8 pupils 7 de/9$ = a pr(essional c>e]2 b _m1 m5 & wom5 ( rank & =tune1 s\ght to le>n f him ! means ( r5d]+ _! brilliant salons yet m attractive4 ,memb]s ( mo/ ( ! reign+ families ( ,europe 7 numb]$ among 8 pupils1 & 8 ap>tm5ts 9 ,p>is 7 fill$1 :5 ,i saw !m1 ) pictures1 photographs1 & o!r s\v5irs ( e/eem & fri5d%ip1 f ! highe/ dignit>ies ( ,europe4 ,:5 he cons5t$1 on "o occasion1 to appe> at a soiree at ! ,tuil]ies1 ,l\is ,philippe receiv$ him at ! foot ( ! gr& /aircase1 z if he _h be5 8 pe]1 & be/[$ on him dur+ ! ev5+ ! same att5tions he w\ld h accord$ to a fell[-sov]eign4 ,! citiz5 k+ recogniz$ ! royalty ( art4 ,& x may be not$ t ,dels>te w\ld n h appe>$ on ?is occasion1 except on ! condition t no remun]ation %\ld be (f]$ to him = ! ex]cise ( 8 tal5ts4 ,malibran1 ^: k9d ^w 9 ! c\rty>d ( ! ,cons]vatoire _h reviv$ ,dels>te's fa9t+ hopes1 att5d$ 8 e>ly c\rse ( lectures4 ,i h already m5tion$ ,ra*el & ,macready z 8 pupils4 ,i n[ recall ! names ( ,sontag1 ( ! gift$ ,madele9e ,brohan1 ( ,c>valho1 ,b>bot1 ,pasca 7:o ow$ ev]y?+ to ,dels>te71 & ,pajol4 ,he 0 ! in/ructor 9 pulpit oratory ( ,p]e ,lacordaire1 ,p]e ,hyac9!1 & ! pres5t abbe ( ,notre ,dame4 ,not)/&+ ! labor exact$ by 8 great specialty1 he has done mu* good "w 9 v>i\s o!r directions4 ,among 8 me*anical inv5tions are a sonotype1 a tun+ in/rum5t by means ( :i* any "o c tune a piano accurately1 an improv$ level1 !odolite & sextant1 a scale = measur+ ! diff]5ces 9 ! solidity ( fluids1 etc4 ,( ! consci5ti\sness ) :i* he works1 x may be m5tion$ t he devot$ five ye>s to ! /udy ( anatomy & physiology1 to obta9 a p]fect k ( all ! muscles1 _! uses & capabilities1--a k ( :i* he has utiliz$ ) rem>kable success4 ,x is n[ "t to give "s idea ( 8 sy/em1 :i* c be done mo/ satisfactorily1 p]haps1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( an article :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,gazette ,musicale1 f ! au?oritative p5 ( ,a4 ,gu]\lt4 ,aft] hav+ analyz$ ! mae/ro's !ory ( vocal art1 he says3 ,! /udy ( ge/ure & its ag5ts has be5 subject$ by ,m4 ,dels>te to an analysis no less pr(\nd4 ,?us he recognizes 9 ! human body ?ree pr9cipal ag5ts ( expression1 ! head1 ! torso & ! limbs1 :i* p]=m ea* a di/9ct "p 9 ! economy ( a "*4 ,ge/ure1 sometimes expressive1 sometimes exc5tric1 & sometimes compressive1 assumes 9 ea* case special =ms1 :i* h be5 classifi$ & describ$ by ,m4 ,dels>te ) a c>e & p]spicuity :i* make 8 labors on ?is subject entirely new1 & = :i* ,i "k no equival5t any:]e4 ,p]mit me to expla9 m fully ! utility ( ?is /udy1 to cite an application1 = examples are always m eloqu5t ?an g5]alities4 ,9 ! play ( ! physiognomy e portion ( ! face p]=ms a sep>ate "p4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 x is n useless to "k :at function nature has assign$ to ! eye1 ! nose1 ! m\?1 9 ! expression ( c]ta9 emotions ( ! s\l4 ,true passion1 :i* nev] errs1 has no ne$ ( recurr+ to su* /udies2 b !y are indisp5sable to ! feign$ passion ( ! actor4 ,h[ useful w\ld x n be to ! actor :o wi%es to repres5t madness or wra?1 to "k t ! eye nev] expresses ! s5tim5t exp]i5c$1 b simply indicates ! object ( ?is s5tim5t6 ,cov] ! l[] "p ( y\r face ) y\r h&1 & imp>t to y\r look all ! en]gy ( :i* x is susceptible1 /ill x w be impossible = ! mo/ sagaci\s obs]v] to discov] :e!r y\r look expresses ang] or att5tion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 uncov] ! l[] "p ( ! face1 & if ! no/rils are dilat$1 if ! contract$ lips are drawn up1 !re is no d\bt t ang] is writt5 on y\r c\nt5ance4 ,an obs]vation :i* confirms ! purely indicative "p p]=m$ by ! eye is1 t among rav+ madm5 ! l[] "p ( ! face is viol5tly contract$1 :ile ! vague & unc]ta9 look %[s cle>ly t _! fury has no object4 ,x is easy to conceive :at a wond]ful int]e/ ! actor1 pa9t]1 or sculptor mu/ f9d 9 ! /udy ( ! human body ?us analys$ f head to foot 9 its innum]able ways ( expression4 ,h5ce1 ! eloqu5t secrets ( pantomime1 ^? imp]ceptible movem5ts ( great actors :i* produce su* p[]ful impressions1 are decompos$ & subject$ to laws ^: evid5ce & simplicity are a tw(old s\rce ( admiration4 ,f9ally1 9 :at conc]ns articulate language ,m4 ,dels>te has assum$ a yet m novel task4 ,we all "k ! p[] ( c]ta9 inflections2 we "k t a phrase :i* acc5t$ 9 a c]ta9 way is null1 acc5t$ 9 ano!r way produces irresi/ible effects ^u ! /age4 ,x is ! prop]ty ( great arti/s to discov] ?is preem95t acc5tuation2 b nev]1 to my k1 did anyone ?9k ( ref]r+ ^! happy inspirations ( g5ius to positive laws4 ,yet1 :5ce comes x t a c]ta9 inflection1 a c]ta9 ^w plac$ 9 relief1 affects u8 ,h[ %all we expla9 ?is emotion1 if n by a c]ta9 relation exi/+ betwe5 ! laws ( our organization1 ! laws ( g5]al gramm>1 & ^? ( musical inflection8 ,!re is always1 9 a phrase l\dly enunciat$1 "o ^w :i* su/a9s ! passionate acc5t4 ,b h[ %all we deta* & recognize x 9 ! mid/ ( ! phrase8 ,h[ di/ribute ! =ces ( acc5tuation on all ! words ( :i* x is compos$8 ,h[ classify & arrange !m 9 relation to t sympa!tic inflection1 )\t :i* ! mo/ en]getic ?\ght halts at our intellig5ce )\t rea*+ our he>t8 ,m4 ,dels>te has _h rec\rse to ! same me?od :i* guid$ him 9 ! /udy ( ge/ure4 ,he did n /udy declamation on ! /age1 b 9 real life1 :]e unprem$itat$ inflections spr+ directly f feel+2 !n1 =tifi$ by innum]able obs]vations1 he re>rang$ gramm> & rhetoric f ?is special po9t ( view1 & has obta9$ results z simple 9 _! pr9ciples z !y are f]tile 9 _! application4 ,if ,i wi%$ to classify ! nature & value ( ,m4 ,dels>te's labors 9 relation to :at has be5 spok5 or writt5 up to ?is "t on ! art ( s++ or act+1 ,i %\ld say t ! num]\s precepts :i* h be5 =mulat$ on dramatic art h _h h>dly any object o!r ?an ! mann] 9 :i* ea* "* ought to be conceiv$4 ,+5i\s & multipli$ obs]vations h be5 employ$ to br+ =? ! delicacies ( ! "p & its unpcrceiv$ features4 ,! intellectual /r5g? ( ! actor or vocali/ has be5 direct$ to ! au?or's conception4 ,he has be5 told to be pa!tic "h1 m5ac+ !re2 "h to assume a slight t+e ( irony transpi]c+ app>5t polit5ess1 or1 aga91 to make 8 ge/ure a seem+ contradiction ( 8 words4 ,su* an analysis ( ! poet's "w is c]ta9ly imp]ative1 b h[ f> f adequate6 ,& :at an imm5se di/ance !re is f ! intellig5ce :i* compreh5ds to ! ge/ure :i* translates1 f ! song :i* moves to ! inflection :i* int]prets6 ,x is ) ! new purpose :i* ,m4 ,dels>te has embrac$ t1 )\t neglect+ an und]/&+ ( ! au?or1 he says to ! actor3 ',?is is :at y mu/ express4 ,n[1 h[ w y d x8 ,:at w y d ) y\r arms1 ) y\r head1 ) y\r voice8 ,d y "k ! laws ( y\r organization8 ,d y "k h[ to g to "w to be pa!tic1 dignifi$1 comic1 or famili>1 to repres5t ! clem5cy ( ,augu/us or ! drunk5ness ( a coa*man8' ,9 a ^w1 he tea*es ! vocali/ or actor ! laws ( ?is language1 ( ?is eloqu5ce :i* nature places 9 our eyes1 9 our ge/ures1 9 ! suppress$ or expansive tones ( our voice1 9 ! acc5t ( spee*4 ,he tea*es ! actor1 or1 to speak m prop]ly1 ! man1 to "k himself1 to manage arti/ically t inimitable in/rum5t :i* is man himself1 all ( ^: p>ts contribute to a h>moni\s unity4 ,h5ce1 aw>e ( ! gravity ( su* an ass]tion1 ,i d n hesitate to proclaim "h t ,i believe ,m4 ,dels>te's "w w rema9 among ! fundam5tal bases2 ,i believe t 8 labors are de/9$ to give a solid f\ndation to !atric art1 to elevate & to ennoble x2 ,i believe t !re is no actor1 no s+]1 h[ev] em95t1 :o _c d]ive f ! acquirem5ts & lum9\s /udies ( ,m4 ,dels>te1 positive g]ms ( developm5t & progress4 ,i believe t :oev] makes ! ext]nal int]pretation ( ! s5tim5ts ( ! human s\l 8 bus9ess & pr(ession1 :e!r pa9t]1 sculptor1 orator1 or actor1 t all m5 ( ta/e :o support !m w applaud ?is attempt to create ! sci5ce ( expressive man2 a sci5ce f :i* antiquity seems to h lift$ ! veil1 & :at appe>s will+ to revive 9 our days1 9 ! h&s ( a man wor?y by 8 pati5t & consci5ti\s ef=ts to discov] "s ( its mo/ preci\s secrets4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dels>te has s\ght nei!r fame nor weal?4 ,he c\ld easily h secur$ bo? by rema9+ on ! /age z an actor1 aft] he _h lo/ 8 p[] z a vocali/4 ,he pref]r$ to surr5d] himself 9 comp>ative retirem5t to ! /udy ( sci5ce & art1 & ! in/ruction ( ^? :o s\ght 8 aid 9 ma/]+ ! pr9ciples ( ! latt]4 ,to ! ne$y ?is in/ruction 0 imp>t$ gratuit\sly1 & m ?an "o successful actress has be5 rais$ f p5ury to =tune by ! b5evol5ce ( h] tea*]4 ,x w\ld be easy to cite _m illu/rations ( ! goodness & t5d]ness ( ?is man4 ,religi\s f]vor has l>gely influ5c$ 8 life & is ! key-note ( 8 "*2 b 8 fai? is n hamp]$ by bigotry4 ,l all m9ds ( high rank1 he holds t sci5ce & art are ! h&maids ( religion4 ,i h said t ?is rem>kable man did n seek fame2 x has come to him uns\ght4 ,pages might be fill$ ) volunt>y tributes to 8 g5ius f ! =emo/ m9ds ( ,france1--,jules ,jan91 ,!ophile ,gauti]1 ,mme4 ,emile de ,gir>d94 ,lam>t9e pron\nc$ him a sublime orator4 ,fior5t9o1 ! ke51 delicate1 & calm critic1 spoke ( him z ?is ma/]1 ^: feel+ is s true1 ^: /yle is s elevat$1 ^: passion is s pr(\nd1 t !re is no?+ 9 art s beautiful & s p]fect4 ,if we haz>d$ an intrusion into ! dome/ic circle ( ,dels>te1 we %\ld f9d "o ( ^? pure & happy family gr\ps1 =tunately = ,france by no means r>e ev5 9 h] capital2 "o ( ^? ,fr5* homes ! exi/5ce ( :i* ne>ly all ,engli%m5 & _m ,am]icans d5y4 ,we %\ld f9d a bond ( sympa?y & a community ( tal5t unit+ fa!r & "m1 two fair daught]s1 & ?ree brave sons4 ,or1 r1 we %\ld h f\nd ?is happy ga!r+1 = ! iron h& ( w> has brok5 ! *>m$ r+4 ,! de> old home on ! ,b\lev>d de ,c\rcelles is des]t$4 ,fa!r1 "m1 & daught]s 7 compell$ to seek refuge 9 ! ,nor? ( ,france1 ! sons to m>* aga9/ ! ,prussians4 ,let u tru/ t long ere ?is !y h rea*$ home unw\nd$1 & t ! gr& old mae/ro has no fur!r ills 9 /ore = 8 decl9+ ye>s4 ,dels>te's ,me?od = ,tun+ ,/r+$ ,in/rum5ts ,)\t ! ,aid ( ,! ,e>4#aa ,by ,hector ,b]lioz4 ,d y he>1 y piani/s1 guit>i/s1 viol9i/s1 violoncelli/s1 contra-bassi/s1 h>pi/s1 tun]s1 & y1 too1 conductors ( or*e/ras--)\t ! aid ( ! e>6 ,:at a va/1 incomp>able1 nay1 priceless discov]y1 especially = ! re/ ( u wret*$ li/5]s to pianos out ( tune1 to viol9s & 'cellos out ( tune1 to h>ps out ( tune1 to :ole or*e/ras out ( tune6 ,dels>te's inv5tion w n[ make x y\r positive duty to cease tortur+ u1 to cease mak+ u sweat ) agony1 to cease driv+ u to suicide4 ,n only is ! e> ( no use 9 tun+ in/rum5ts1 b x is ev5 dang]\s to consult x2 x mu/ by no possible *ance be consult$4 ,:at an advantage = ^? :o h no e>6 ,hi!rto1 x has be5 j ! opposite1 & we =gave y ! torm5ts t y inflict$ on u4 ,b 9 future1 if y\r in/rum5ts be out ( tune1 y w h no excuse1 & we %all h& y ov] to public v5geance4 ,)\t ! aid ( ! e>1 m>k y--aid s (t5 useless & deceptive4 ,dels>te's discov]y holds good only = /r+$ in/rum5ts1 b ?is is mu*2 ?is is an enorm\s ga94 ,h5ce1 x foll[s t 9 or*e/ras direct$ & tun$ )\t ! aid ( ! e>1 !re w be no m discords1 save betwe5 ! flutes1 hautboys1 cl>ionets1 bassoons1 horns1 cornets1 trumpets1 trombones1 kettle-drums & bass drums4 ,! triangle might1 at a p9*1 be tun$ by ! new me?od2 b x is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t ?is is n necess>y1 j z ) bells1 a discord betwe5 ! triangle & ! o!r in/rum5ts is a good ?+2 x is popul> 9 all lyric !atres4 ,& ! s+]s1 :om y d n m5tion1 someone may ask1 w x be possible to make !m s+ true1 to put !m 9 tune8 ,two or ?ree ( !m are naturally 9 tune4 ,"s few1 by great c>e & exactness1 may be br\ght v ne>ly into tune4 ,b all ! o!rs 7 n1 are n1 & w n be 9 tune1 ei!r individually1 or ) ea* o!r1 or ) ! in/rum5ts1 or ) ! lead] ( ! or*e/ra1 or ) ! rhy?m1 or ) ! h>mony1 or ) ! acc5t1 or ) ! expression1 or ) ! pit*1 or ) ! language1 or ) any?+ resembl+ precision & good s5se4 ,dels>te has made x especially easy to tune ! piano1 by means ( an in/rum5t t he calls ! phonopticon1 :i* x w\ld take too long to describe "h4 ,suffice x to say1 t x conta9s an index-h& t m>ks ! exact in/ant :5 two or m /r+s are 9 p]fect unison4 ,x may be add$ t ! inv>iable result is s absolutely correct1 no matt] :o may try x or "u :at conditions1 t ! mo/ practic$ e> c\ld n possibly atta9 to simil> p]fection4 ,ac\/icians %\ld n fail to exam9e ?is inv5tion at once1 ! use ( :i* _c be long 9 becom+ univ]sal4 ,index4 ,a4 ,abdom9al c5tre1 !1 life1 ,acc5t1 ,accord ( n9e1 !1 ,actors1 bad1 ,adjective1 !1 ,adv]b1 !1 ,a,esthetic division1 *>t (1 ,a,esthetic fact ( fir/ rank1 ,a,esthetics1 c\rse (1 appli$1 lay (1 ,alto voice1 !1 ,anatomy1 ,angelo1 ,mi*ael1 ,angels1 !1 ,ang]1 ,animals d n laugh1 ,ankylos$ limbs1 ,apollo1 !1 ,appoggiatura1 ,aqu9as1 ,/4 ,?omas1 ,ar*im$ean lev]1 ,ar*itecture1 application ( ! law to1 ,ari/ocrats lie1 ,ari/otle1 ,arms1 movem5ts ( !1 five million movem5ts ( ! ag5ts ( !1 division (1 ?ree c5tres 9 !1 ,art1 ! true aim (1 all1 has ! same pr9ciple1 def9ition (1 h[ ,dels>te consid]$1 religi\s s5tim5t 91 ! dea? (1 elem5ts (1 ! pla/ic1 ! gr&1 ! supreme1 dramatic1 lyric & oratorical1 be/ conditions = a "w (1 object (1 s\rces ( f9e1 n imitation ( nature1 ,article1 !1 ,articulate language1 weakness (1 orig9 & organic app>atus (1 elem5ts (1 ,articulation1 9 ! s]vice ( ?\ght1 ,articulations1 !1 ,artificial brea?1 ,arti/ic p]sonages1 classification (1 ,arti/1 ! proclivities necess>y to an1 ,art-writ+s ( ! ,greeks1 ,attraction1 ,attractive c5tres1 ,attribute1 !1 ,attributes ( reason1 !1 ,audi5ce1 an1 diff]5t f an individual--! great] ! numb]s ! less ! intellig5ce1 ,b4 ,bac*us1 !1 ,balzac1 ,bamb9i1 ,fa!r1 ,b>bi]1 ,b>bot1 ,mme41 ,bass voice1 !1 ,baudelaire1 ,*>les1 ,baxile1 ,m41 ,beautiful1 !1 ,beauty exi/s only 9 fragm5ts1 moral & intellectual1 ,belot1 ,adolphe1 ,b]ang]1 ,b]lioz1 ,bizet1 ,george1 ,blan*ecotte1 ,mme41 ,blang9i1 ,body1 !1 divisions ( !1 retroactive movem5t (1 ,boileau1 ,bonnat1 ,brea?+ ,brohan1 ,madele9e1 ,bruck]1 ,raymond1 ,buccal 7*eek7 zone1 !1 ma*9]y 7articulate spee*71 ! language ( ! m9d1 ,c4 ,calculation & artifice1 if detect$1 quicks&s to ! orator1 ,canova1 ,capta9 ,r5>d1 fable (1 ,captivat+ an audi5ce1 secret (1 ,c>ess1 !1 ,c>valho1 ,mme41 ,*>ts classify+ cele/ial spirits1 ,*>ts li/ (1 ,*a/ity1 concave1 ,*audesaigues1 ,mlle41 ,*e/1 !1 ! ?ree attitudes (1 divisions (1 ,*e/1 a passive ag5t ,*e/-voice1 ! ! expression ( ! s5sitive life %\ld be little us$ ! ecc5tric voice ,*eve1 ,m4 & ,mme4 ,*ildr51 :y are !y graceful8 ,*op9 ,*orography ,*orre1 ,"m ,cic]o ,circle1 !1 = exalt+ & c>ess+ ,col9 ,colors1 symbolism ( ! primitive ! ?ree t symbolize ! life1 s\l & m9d ,color *>ts1 ! ,conc5tric /ate1 ! ,conjunction1 ! ! s\l ( ! disc\rse ,consonants1 musical are ge/ures ! initial v>iation 9 ! value ( beat "t = ! pronunciation ( e fir/1 is /rong two ?+s to be obs]v$ 9 ,contemplation & retroaction ,corneille ,co/al brea?+ ,c\ri]1 ,paul ,l\is ,c\s91 ,victor ,cries ,cros1 ,anto9e ,cz>toriska1 ,pr9cess ,d4 ,dailly1 ,dr4 ,d>ci] ,dav\t1 ,m>%al ,dea?1 ! sign language ( ,de ,bammeville1 ,july ,de ,blocqueville1 ,mme4 ,de ,*imay1 ,pr9cess ,degrees1 !ory ( ,d',haussonville1 ,c\ntess ,dejazet ,de ,lam>t9e1 ,mme4 ,de la ,madel5e1 ,jules ,delaunay1 ,*>les ,deliv]y1 a ha/y ,de ,leom5il1 ,mme4 ,laure ,dels>te1 biographical sket* ( crit]ion ( me?od ( took mu* "t 9 educat+ a pupil 0 he a philosoph]8 lectures ( tea*+s ( ! press on ! discov]] ( ! law c nev] be reproduc$ bir?1 dea?1 "n1 e>ly hi/ory ( h[ he le>n$ music ent]s ! cons]vatory !atre & s*ool ( becomes a tea*] ( s++ & elocution hi/ory ( ! voice ( dramatic c>e] ( recitations ( s+s at ! ,c\rt m>riage & family ( religion ( fri5ds ( ! ,talma ( music anecdotes ( s*ol>s ( ,/anzas to ,et]nity ( de> & la/ pupil ( musical compositions ( an in/ance ( ! s++ ( %apeless coat ( imitat+ defects s++ dur+ lessons inv5tions ( ,b]lioz's treatm5t ( be=e ! ,philote*nic ,association & ! f\r pr(essors la/ ye>s ( a conc]t ( "* & m]it ( ,episodes ( a ,revelator ( ,am]ica's (f] to return to ,p>is ( la/ lett] to ! ,k+ ( ,hanov] ( /ruggles ) 8 tea*]s visit to ! dissect+ room a p5sion] ( ! cons]vatory my/ical or religi\s mus+s ( ! way ( mak+ 8 discov]y is grateful because he _h n writt5 8 book n spontane\s on tru5ess 9 s++ ,dels>te1 ,mme41 maid5 "n ( beauty & tal5t ( ,dels>te1 ,gu/ave ,de ,mey5dorf1 ,mme4 ,demo/h5es ,de ,musset1 ,alfr$ ,de ,riancey1 ,h5ry ,desb>olles ,desc>tes ,de%ayes1 ,m4 ,de ,/ael1 ,mme4 ,devotion ,diaphragmatic brea?+ ,dictation ex]cises ,discov]y1 dawn ( ,dels>te's ,dissect+ room1 ,dels>te's visit to ! ,div9e ,maje/y1 reflection ( ! ,div9e reason ,donoso-,cortes1 ,m4 ,donot ,dramatic s++ ,dugr&1 ,dels>te's /ruggles ) papa ,dupre ,duprez ,dynamic app>atus1 its composition h>mony weal? ,e4 ,e>1 ! mo/ delicate s5se ,ecc5tric /ate1 ! ,e flat ,elb[1 ! !rmomet] ( ! relative life sign ( humility1 pride1 etc4 ,ellipsis ,eloqu5ce holds fir/ rank among ! arts to be taught & le>n$ is compos$ ( ?ree languages does n always accompany intellect ,emotions1 t5d]1 express$ by high notes ,emphasis1 example ( ,e mute be=e a consonant be=e a v[el ,epic1 ! ,epicondyle1 ! eye ( ! arm ,epiga/ric c5tre1 !1 s\l ,epiglottis1 contract+ ! ,epilogue ,episodes ( a ,revelator ,episode ,i ,episode ,,ii ,episode ,,iii ,episode ,,iv ,episode ,v ,episode ,,vi ,episode ,,vii ,equilibrium1 ! laws ( ,error mu/ re/ ^u "s tru? ,etruscans1 ! ,evolutions1 passional ,expiration1 ! sign ( ,exclamations ,expression1 v difficult ! :ole secret ( ,expressive c5tres ,eye1 ! tol]ance ( ,eyes1 ! ! n9e expressions ( p>allelism betwe5 ! voice & ! *>t ( ! ,eyebr[1 ! ! !rmomet] ( ! m9d ,f4 ,fables1 recitation ( ,face1 divid$ into ?ree zones ,fact1 ! value ( a ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/ ,f+]s1 ! ,flor5t9e ,=ce & int]e/ consi/ 9 susp5sion ,=m1 ! ve/m5t ( sub/ance def9ition ( ,f\ri]1 ,*>les ,free-?9k]s1 bl9dness ( ,fr5* prosody ,fr5* v]sification ,fright ,frontal 7=ehead7 zone1 ! ,g4 ,gal5 ,g>rick ,gauti]1 ,!ophile ,g5al 7*97 zone1 ! ,g]aldon ,ge/ure1 9 g5]al is = s5tim5ts its s]vices to humanity reveals ! inn] man ! direct ag5t ( ! he>t ! int]pret] ( spee* ! int]pret] ( emotion an elliptical language division ( h>mony & dissonance ( orig9 & oratorical value ( sup]ior to ! o!r languages is magnetic ! laws ( mu/ always prec$e spee* retroaction joy & fright require backw>d movem5t equilibrium ! great law ( ! hirmonic law ( p>allelism ( numb]s ( lack ( intellig5ce indicat$ by _m duration ( ! rhy?m ( importance ( ! laws ( ! semeiotic or reason ( ! types t *>act]ize its modify+ app>atus ! inflections ( del9eation ( sph]oidal =m ( ! s5se ( ! he>t ! _s ( ! inflection ( ! deaf a s]ies (1 = ex]cises ! /atic ! life ( ! semeiotic ! _s & rationale ( ! s]ies (1 appli$ to ! s5tim5ts (t5e/ express$ !1 ( int]pellation !1 ( ?anks1 affectionate & c]emoni\s !1 ( attraction !1 ( surprise & assurance !1 ( devotion !1 ( int]rogative surprise !1 ( reit]at$ int]rogation !1 ( ang] !1 ( m5ace !1 ( an ord] = leav+ !1 ( reit]ation !1 ( fright ?ree important rules = h[ produc$ dilatory difficulty 9 object ( def9ition ( )\t a motive ,giraudet1 ,alfr$ report ( ,dels>te's lecture ,gluck ,god1 ! _s (1 9 all ?+s h[ ,he reveals ?+s a pretext = e ,utopia ! ar*etype ,good1 ! ,gospel1 !1 directs inve/igation ,g\nod ,grace ,great movem5ts = exaltation ( s5tim5t ,greeks1 !1 _h no s*ool ( ae/hetics ,groans ,gu]\lt1 ,adolphe ,guide-accord1 !1 ( ,dels>te ,gymna/ics1 ! gr& law ( organic ! practice ( ,h4 ,habit ,halevy ,h&1 !1 ano!r expression ( ! face expressions ( ! its ?ree pres5tations crit]ion ( ! *>t ( ! digital face ! back & ! palm> face ! ?ree rhy?mic actions !1 9 natural surprise !1 9 dea? attitudes ( ! 9 affirmation ! n9e physiognomies ( ,h&el ,h>mony ,h>mony1 born ( contra/s is 9 opposition ,head1 !1 movem5ts ( ! occipital1 p>ietal & temporal zones ! prim>y ag5t ( movem5t action (1 9 surprise :i* side is = ! s\l & :i* = ! s5ses8 attitudes ( ,head voice1 ! h[ produc$ int]prets m5tal ph5om5a ! conc5tric voice ,he>t1 :5 to c>ry ! h& to ! ,hegel ,h]vet ,high head1 small bra9 ,hippias ,h(fman ,horace ,hugo ,humanity is crippl$ ,human reason ,human sci5ce1 ! alpha & omega ( ,human triplicity1 ! ,human ^w compos$ ( ?ree languages ,i4 ,ideal1 ! ,imitation1 ! melody ( ! eye uselessness ( ,imman5ces1 ! ,impressionalism ,impressions & s5sations ,individual type1 h[ =m$ ,infant1 !1 has nei!r spee* nor ge/ure ,inf9itesimal quantities ,inflection1 a modification ( s\nd _! importance illu/rations ( rules ( mu/ n be multipli$ special life reveal$ ?r\gh f\r millions ( ! melody ( ! e> ! ge/ure ( ! bl9d diff]5tiat+ ! high life ( spee* m$allion ( ,+res ,inspiration1 :5 all[able ! sign ( ,int]jection1 ! ,int]pellation ,int]rogative surprise ,intonations1 c>ess+ ,italian1 no two equal s\nds 9 ,j4 ,jacob1 ,mlle4 ,jacotot ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ,jonci]es ,joy1 ! greate/ 9 sorr[ ,joys1 ke5 ,k4 ,kant ,k+ ( ,hanov] ,dels>te's la/ lett] to ! ,k+ ,l\is ,philippe ,kreutz] ,l4 ,labla*e ,labor+ m51 ! ways ( ,la*rymose tone disgu/+ ,lacordaire ,la ,fonta9e ,la ,h>pe ,lamaitre1 ,fr$]ick ,lam>t9e ,lam5tation ,language ,laocoon1 ! ,l>ynx1 ! color+ ( l[]+ ! ! !rmomet] ( ! s5sitive life ,l>ynxes1 artificial ,lat9 prosody ,laugh1 signification ( ! its composition ,law1 def9ition ( application ( !1 to v>i\s arts ,leg\ve ,legs1 !1 & _! attitudes ,leibnitz ,l]\x1 ,pi]re ,li>s d n elevate _! %\ld]s ,life1 ! s5sitive /ate pr9cipal elem5ts ( ! ph5om5a ( ,light ,l9d1 ,j5ny ,lit]>y rema9s ( ,dels>te ,lit]ature1 ! law appli$ to ,littre's ,diction>y ,logic (t5 9 default ,longus ,l\vre1 false pictures 9 ! ,love gives m ?an x receives ,lov]s1 ! gaze ( ,loyson1 ,fa!r ,lu*t1 ,augu/e ,lully ,lungs1 ! ,lyric art ,m4 ,malh]be ,malibran ,man ! ?ree phases ( ei!r pa9t]1 poet1 sci5ti/1 or my/ic ?ree types 9 ! object ( art a triplicity ( p]sons ! ag5t ( ,a,esthetics :5 a man %r9ks unfamili> to himself ,m>cello ,m>ie1 ,franck ,m>s ,m>tellato ,mass5et ,mat]ialism ,measure 9 oratorical diction ,m$allion ( inflection ,m$iocrity ,m$ium voice1 ! expression ( moral emotions ! normal voice ,melody ,m5ace1 ! head & h& ,m5gs ,m5tal or reflective /ate ,m]cie ,m9d1 ! intellectual /ate ,mode simpli/e ,mode/ p turn out ! elb[ ,moh]e ,monsabre1 ,fa!r ,moral or affective /ate ,"m1 ! voice ( ! ,"m v[el1 ! ,motion1 di/9ction & vulg>ity ( ,m\?1 ! no contraction ( back "p op5+s (1 = v>i\s v[els a vital !rmomet] ,movem5ts f v>i\s c5tres flexor1 rot>y1 & abductory initial =ms ( ,muc\s membrane1 transmitt] ( s\nd ,muscul> ma*9]y 7ge/ure71 ! language ( emotion ,music1 ! sev5 notes ( a succession ( s\nds ,musset ,n4 ,napoleon ,,iii ,nasal cavities1 ! ,naturalism ,n9efold accord1 ! ,normal /ate1 ! ,nose1 a complex & important ag5t n9e divisions ( ,nose1 a moral !rmomet] ,notes1 high1 = t5d] emotions ,n\rrit1 ,adolph ,numb] ,o4 ,occipital zone1 ! life ,ontology ,opposition ( ag5ts ,orator1 !1 %\ld be a man ( wor? ,oratorical sessions ,oratory1 def9ition ( ! sci5ce (1 n yet taught ! ess5tials ! fundam5tal laws ( ! crit]ion ( ! /ud5t (1 %\ld n be a s]vile copyi/ ?ree important rules = ! /ud5t ( symbolism ( colors appli$ to p]sev]ance & "w necess>y to ! /ud5t ( ,ord] = leav+1 an ,organic *>t ,p4 ,pa9t]1 h[ a1 exam9es 8 "w ,pa9t+1 application ( ! law to ,palate1 ! ,pantomime1 secrets ( ,p>ietal zone1 ! s\l ,p>ticle1 ! ,pasca1 ,mme4 ,passion ( signs ,passive attitude1 ! type ( en]getic natures ,pa/a1 ,mme4 ,p1 vulg> & uncultur$ ,p]golesi ,ph5om5a1 natural1 conta9 lessons ,phidias ,philote*nic ,association ,physiology ,plato ,poe1 ,edg> ,a4 ,poets are born1 orators are made ,poise lack (1 9 body ,p[]s1 ! ,praxiteles ,prea*]1 a1 mu/ n be an actor ,preposition1 ! ,pricette1 ,fa!r ,pr9cipiants & pr9cipiates ,processional relations1 !ory ( rev]sal ( ,pr(essors1 ,dels>te & ! f\r ,progressions ,pron\n1 ! ,pronunciation ,pr\dhon ,py?agoras ,q4 ,qu9tilian ,r4 ,r1 cure ( ! faulty ,ra*el ,rac9e ,ra9b[1 ! ! colors ( ,rameau ,r&om notes ,raphael's picture ( ,moses1 a fault 9 ,ravignan ,reaction ,realism ,reason a bl9d faculty an act ( fai? ! attributes ( ,reb] ,reb\l ,recitative ,reit]at$ int]rogation ,reit]ation ,respect1 a sort ( weakness ,respiration suppress+ ! & sil5ce ?ree movem5ts ( multipli$ to facilitate vocal1 logical1 passional ,respiratory acts1 _! signification ,retroaction ,rev]5ce1 ! sign ( ,reynaud1 ,jean ,rhy?mus ,romagnesi ,ross9i ,r\lade ,r\t9e ,roy]1 ,mme41 ,clem5ce ,s4 ,/4 ,augu/9e ,/4 ,sa5s ,/4-,simonism ,/4 ,?omas ,salutation1 ! sign ( ,s&1 ,george ,s*ill] ,sci5ce1 bases ( ! & art ,sci5ti/s1 cause ( ! failure ( ,sculptor1 aims ( ! ,sculpture1 application ( ! law to ,semeiotics ( ! %\ld] ,s5ses1 ! ,s5sibility1 !rmomet] ( ,s5sitive nature betray$ by voice ,s5sitive or vital /ate ,s5sualism1 convex ,s5suality ,s5tim5t ,%ades & inflections ,%akespe>e ,%\ld]1 ! !rmomet] ( love ! s5sitive life ! sign ( passion action (1 9 surprise !rmomet] ( emotions semeiotics ( 9 ! ari/ocratic _w ,sigh1 ! ,signs ( passion ,sil5ce1 ! fa!r ( spee* ! spee* ( ,god ! rule ( ,simplisme ,s9c]ity intol]able ,s++ ,sob1 ! ,societies1 meet+ ( ! le>n$ ,socrates ,sontag1 ,mme4 ,soprano voice1 ! ,sorbonne1 ! ,s\l1 ! moral /ate ,s\he1 ,fr$]ic ,s\nd1 ! fir/ language ( man revelation ( ! s5sitive life is pa9t+ %\ld be homog5e\s e s\nd is a song ! s5se ( ! life reflection ( div9e image ,s\ve/re1 ,emile ,spee* ! omnipot5ce ( inf]ior to ge/ure anticipat$ by ge/ure ! s5se ( ! intellig5ce ! ?ree ag5ts ( oratorical value ( s\l ( visible ?\ght ,spont9i ,/&>d1 value ( a ,subject1 ! ,subjectivity 9 ,a,esthetics ,sub/antive1 ! ,sue1 ,eug5e ,sully-,prudhomme ,surprise & assurance ,sy/em ,t4 ,talma ,tea*]s1 ignorance ( ! ,te>s1 accessory matt]s to be %$ only at home ,temporal region1 ! m9d ,t5d]ness ,t5or voice1 ! ,?anks1 affectionate & c]emoni\s ,!rmomet]s1 ! ?ree ! articul> arm c5tres call$ ,!rmometric sy/em ( ! %\ld] ,!resa ,?oracic c5tre1 ! m9d ,?reat5+ ) ! %\ld] ,?umb1 ! !rmomet] ( ! w has mu* expression ! sign ( life !1 9 dea? liv+ mimetics ( ! !rmomet] ( life & dea? ,?yrcis ,tone1 position ( ,tones1 ! l[e/1 be/ und]/ood prologation ( ,torso1 !1 divisions ( *>t ( ,treatise on ,reason ,tremolo1 ! ,tr9it>ians1 ! ,tr9ity1 ! ! holy1 recov]$ 9 s\nd ,true1 ! ,tru5ess 9 s++ ,tru?1 m5 are divid$ 9 reg>d to ,types1 !1 9 man ,typical arrangem5ts phrases ,u4 ,u*>d1 ,m>io ,ugly1 ! ,uprightness1 p]p5dicul> ,uvula1 rais+ ! ,v4 ,values1 ! law ( resume ( ! degrees ( ,v]b1 ! ,v]di ,v]on1 ,eug5e ,v]tebrae1 ?ree sorts ( ,vice1 hide\sness ( ,vici\s arrangem5ts ,viol5t emotion1 91 ! voice /ifl$ ,virtues1 ! ,vision1 ?ree sorts ( ,vital brea? ,vocal cords1 fatigu+ ! ,vocal music ,vocal organ1 ! ,vocal %ades1 law ( ,vocal tube1 !1 mu/ n v>y = a l\d tone ,voice1 ! *>ms ( organic app>atus ( a my/]i\s h& ! k9ds ( ! regi/]s ( mean+ ( ! high & deep ! language ( ! s5sitive life ! *e/1 ! m$ium1 ! head ! :ite dim5sions & int5sity ( h[ to obta9 a /rong] ?ree modes ( develop+ me?od ( dim9i%+ ! less ! emotion1 ! /rong] ! h[ to ga9 resonance a te>ful1 a defect ! tremul\s1 ( ! ag$ ! rhy?m ( its tones mu/ n be j]ky inflections ( great aff9ity betwe5 ! arms & ! ex]cises = ! mix$ t5uity & acut5ess ( %ades ( def9ition ( ! %ad+ ( ! pa!tic effects 9 ! te>+ ( ! two k9ds ( l\d ,voltaire ,volubility1 too mu* ,v[els correspond to ! moral /ate l5g? ( ! initial ,w4 ,w>tel ,weight ,:at ,i ,propose ,w1 ! ,w9kelmann ,wisdom ,wolf & ! lamb1 ! fable ( ! ,words1 ! value (1 9 phrases dwell+ on ! f9al ,worlds1 ?ree1 pres5t$ ,wri/1 ! !rmomet] ( ! physical life ,writ+1 a dead lett] ,z4 ,zaccone1 ,pi]re ,zeuxis ,zola1 ,m4 ,footnotes #a ,! s5sitive is also call$ ! vital1 ! m5tal1 ! reflective1 & ! moral ! affective /ate4 ,! vital su/a9s1 ! m5tal guides1 ! moral impels4--,,translator4 #b ,! regi/]s "h giv5 und\bt$ly ref] to ! s++ voice1 z ! range ( notes 9 ! speak+ voice is v mu* m limit$4 ,v frequ5tly voices are f\nd ^: range 9 s++ is v mu* great] ?an t :i* ! au?or has giv5 "h2 h[ev]1 on ! o!r h&1 _m are f\nd ) ev5 a m limit$ range4--,,translator4 #c ,! s\nds "h giv5 are ^? ( ! ,fr5* v[els4 ,a has two s\nds1 he>d 9 mat & f>4 ,e ) ! acute acc5t 7e7 is l a 9 fate1 ,e ) ! grave acc5t 7e7 is l e 9 !re4 ,i has two s\nds--! fir/ l ee 9 re$1 ! second l ee 9 feel4 ,o has a s\nd betwe5 t ( o 9 rob & robe4 ,o ) ! circumflex 7o7 is s\nd$ l o 9 no4 ,! exact s\nd ( u is n f\nd 9 ,engli%4 ,ou is s\nd$ l oo 9 cool4 ,! nasal s\nd an is pron\nc$ ne>ly l an 9 want4 ,! nasal 9 is pron\nc$ some:at l an 9 crank4 ,! nasal on is pron\nc$ ne>ly l on 9 song4 ,! nasal unis pron\nc$ ne>ly l un 9 wrung4 ,consult "s "w on ,fr5* pronunciation1 or1 z is f> pref]able1 le>n ^! s\nds f ! liv+ voice ( ! tea*]--,translator4 #d ,f ,greek3 g5ei\1 ! *94 #e ,_m ( ^! pap]s 7 entru/$ by ! family to a =m] pupil ( ,dels>te1 :o took !m to ,am]ica4 #f ,notes tak5 by 8 pupils1 dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( 8 lessons prove t ! ma/] t\*$ ^u ?is "q4 ,i d n copy !m because1 be+ some:at confus$1 !y might give rise to misund]/&+s2 nei!r d !y 9 any way contradict any?+ t ,i h said above2 !y confirm1 on ! contr>y1 :at rema9s 9 my memory ( ! int]pretation ( ,dels>te1 :o nev] beli$ himself4 #g ,! exi/5ce ( ! p]sons ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! "o 9 ! o!r4 ,^! *>ts & diagrams are giv5 9 ,"p ,fif?4 #h ,= a full] report ( ?is lecture1 see ,dels>te ,sy/em ( ,expression1 by ,g5evieve ,/ebb9s1 second edition1 #b4 ,edg> ,s4 ,w]n]1 ,publi%]1 #dh ,univ]sity ,place1 ,new ,york4 #i ,dels>te ,sy/em ( ,oratory & ,dels>te ,sy/em ( ,expression4 #aj ,see page #edi = complete lesson4 #aa ,?is extract %[s t ,dels>te 0 n unkn[n to ,b]lioz4 ,mme4 ,arnaud ref]s to ! coldness ) :i* ,b]lioz treat$ ,dels>te4 ,! article giv5 "h has be5 translat$ s z to pres]ve z ne>ly z possible ! qua9t1 half s>ca/ic /yle ( ! au?or4--,,publi%]4