,,!    ,,atlantic ,,mon?ly4    ,a       
,,magaz9e ,,( ,,lit]ature1 ,,art1 ,,&   
,,politics4    ,,vol4 ,,ix4--,,april1   
#ahfb4--,,no4 ,,liv4          ,,lett]   
,,to ,a ,,"y ,,contributor4      ,my de>
 "y g5tleman or "y lady1--= _m are !    
,cecil ,dreemes  ( lit]ature :o         
sup]scribe _! (f]$ manuscripts ) v      
mascul9e names 9 v fem99e h&writ+1--x   
seems wrong n to  meet y\r accumulat$ & 
urg5t epi/les ) "o compreh5sive reply1  
?us cond5s+ _m private lett]s into a    
pr9t$ "o4 ,& s l>ge a  proportion (     
,atlantic read]s ei!r might1 w\ld1 c\ld1
 or %\ld  be ,atlantic contributors     
also1 t ?is epi/le w be sure (  p]usal1 
?\gh ,mrs4 ,/[e rema9 uncut & !         
,autocrat g = an h\r  )\t read]s4    ,f>
 f me be ! wild expectation t e au?or w 
n  habitually measure ! m]its ( a       
p]iodical by its appreciation (  8 or h]
 la/ manuscript4 ,i %\ld z soon ask a "y
 lady n to  e/imate ! managem5t ( a ball
 by h] own private luck 9 respect  to   
p>tn]s4 ,b x is wor? :ile at lea/ to    

po9t out t 9 !  treatm5t ( e            
contribution ! real int]e/s ( editor &  
writ]  are absolutely ! same1 & any     
antagonism is m]ely traditional1 l  !   
suppos$ ho/ility betwe5 ,france &       
,engl&1 or betwe5 ,engl&  & ,slav]y4 ,no
 editor c ev] af=d ! rejection ( a good 
?+1  & no au?or ! publication ( a bad   
"o4 ,! only difficulty lies 9  draw+ !  
l9e4 ,7 all (f]$ manuscripts            
unequivocally good or  bad1 !re w\ld be 
no great tr\ble2 x is ! va/ range (     
m$iocrity  :i* p]plexes3 ! majority are 
too bad = bless+ & too good =  bann+2 s 
t no conceivable reason c be giv5 = ei!r
 fate1  save t ^u ! de/9y ( any s+le "o 
may hang t ( a hundr$  o!rs j l x4 ,b   
:atev] be ! /&>d fix$1 x is equally  = !
 int]e/ ( all conc]n$ t x be en=c$ )\t  
fl9*+4    ,nor is !re ! slighte/        
f\ndation = ! suppos$ editorial         
prejudice aga9/ new or obscure          
contributors4 ,on ! contr>y1 e  editor  
is always hung]+ & ?ir/+ aft] novelties4
 ,to take !  lead 9 br++ =w>d a new     

g5ius is z fasc9at+ a privilege z  t ( !
 physician :o boa/$ to ,sir ,h5ry ,hal=d
 ( hav+ be5  ! fir/ man to discov] !    
,asiatic *ol]a & to communicate x to  ! 
public4 ,x is only /]n necessity :i*    
compels ! magaz9e to  fall back s       
con/antly on ! regul> old /aff (        
contributors1 ^:  av]age product has be5
 gaug$ already2 j z e c\ntry-lyceum     
attempts annually to arrange an entirely
 new li/ ( lectur]s1 & ends  ) no bold] 
exp]im5t ?an to sub/itute ,*ap9 & ,bee*]
 9 place  ( la/ ye>'s ,bee*] & ,*ap94   
,( c\rse no editor is infallible1 & !   
be/ magaz9e conta9s an  occasional poor 
article4 ,d n blame ! un=tunate         
conductor4 ,he  kn[s x z well z y       
d1--aft] ! de$ is done4 ,! newspap]s    
k9dly pass x ov]1 /ill prep>+ _!        
accu/om$ opiate ( sweet  praises1 s mu* 
= ea* contributor1 s mu* = ! magaz9e    
collectively1--l a ho/ess ) h] tea-mak+1
 a spoonful = ea*  p]son & "o = ! pot4  
,b ,i c tell y t !re is an (ficial      
p]son :o m$itates & groans1 mean:ile1 9 

! night-wat*es1 to  ?9k t 9 "s atroci\s 
mom5t ( good-nature or sleep9ess he left
  ! door op5 & let t unga9ly intrud] 94 
,d y expect him to  ackn[l$ge ! blund]1 
:5 y tax him ) x8 ,nev]1--he feels x    
too ke5ly4 ,he r /&s up /\tly = !       
surpass+ m]its ( !  mis%ap5 ?+1 z a "m =
 h] de=m$ *ild2 & z ! "m  is nev]!less  
inw>dly implor+ t !re may nev] be su*   
ano!r  born to h]1 s be sure t x is n by
 rem9d+ ! editor ( ?is  calamity t y c  
allure him into risk+ a repetition ( x4 
,an editor ?us %[s himself to be b      
human2 & x is well en\gh to  rememb] ?is
 fact1 :5 y approa* him4 ,he is n a     
gloomy despot1  no ,nemesis or          
,rhadaman?us1 b a bl& & virtu\s man1    
exce$+ly  anxi\s to secure pl5ty ( good 
subscrib]s & contributors1 & v  ready to
 p]=m any acts ( k9dness n inconsi/5t ) 
?is  gr& design4 ,draw ne> him1 !re=e1 )
 s(t approa*es & mild  p]suasions4 ,d n 
treat him l an enemy1 & insi/ on read+  
y\r  :ole manuscript al\d to him1 )     
appropriate ge/ures4 ,8 "t has  "s      

value1 if y\rs has n2 & he has !re=e    
educat$ 8 eye till  x has become        
microscopic1 l a naturali/'s1 & c       
classify n9e  out ( t5 specim5s by "o   
glance at a scale or a fea!r4 ,fancy an 
ambiti\s e*9od]m claim+ a private       
int]view ) ,agassiz1 to  demon/rate by  
v]bal argum5ts t he is a mollusk6       
,besides1 d  y expect to adm9i/] ! ?+   
orally to ea* ( ! two hundr$  ?\s&1 m or
 less1 :o turn ! leaves ( ! ,atlantic8  
,y are  writ+ = ! av]age eye1 & mu/     
submit to its v]dict4 ,d n  tr\ble      
y\rself ab\t ! light on y\r /atue2 x is 
! light ( !  public squ>e :i* mu/ te/   
its value4    ,d n despise any hone/    
propitiation1 h[ev] small1 9 deal+ )    
y\r editor4 ,look to ! physical aspect (
 y\r manuscript1 & prep>e  y\r page s   
neatly t x %all allure in/ead ( repell+4
 ,use good  p5s1 black ink1 nice :ite   
pap] & pl5ty ( x4 ,d n emulate          
pap]-sp>+ ,pope1 ^: *aotic manuscript ( 
! ,iliad1 writt5  *iefly on ! backs (   
old lett]s1 /ill rema9s 9 ! ,briti%     

,museum4 ,if y\r docum5t be slov5ly1 !  
presumption is t its  lit]>y execution  
is ! same1 ,pope to ! contr>y not)/&+4  
,an editor's eye becomes c>nal1 & is    
easily attract$ by a comely  outside4   
,if y really wi% to obta9 8 good-w = y\r
 production1  d n fir/ tax 8 "t =       
deciph]+ x1 any m ?an 9 visit+  a       
millionnaire to solicit a loan y w\ld   
beg9 by ask+ him to pay  = ! hire ( !   
c>riage :i* takes y to 8 door4    ,on ! 
same pr9ciple1 s5d y\r composition 9 su*
 a %ape t x  %all n ne$ ! slighte/      
lit]>y revision be=e pr9t+4 ,_m a       
bright production dies disc>d$ :i* might
 h be5 made ?or\ghly  pres5table by a   
s+le day's labor ( a compet5t s*ol>1 9  
%ap+1  smoo?+1 dovetail+1 & retr5*+4 ,! 
revision seems s slight  an affair t !  
aspirant _c conceive :y !re %\ld be s   
mu*  fuss ab\t x4      ,! piece1 y ?9k1 
is incorrect2 :y1 take x2    ,i'm all   
submission2 :at y'd h x1 make x4    ,b  
to dis*>ge t fri5dly (fice no univ]sal  
g5ius is sal>i$2  & = intellect 9 ! r\gh

 !re is no m>ket4    ,rules = /yle1 z = 
mann]s1 mu/ be *iefly negative3 a       
positively  good /yle indicates c]ta9   
natural p[]s 9 ! individual1 b an       
unexceptionable /yle is m]ely a matt] ( 
culture & good models4 ,dr4  ,*ann+     
e/abli%$ 9 ,new ,engl& a /&>d ( /yle :i*
 really  atta9$ almo/ ! p]fection ( !   
pure & ! colorless1 & !  discipl9>y     
value ( su* a lit]>y influ5ce1 9 a raw &
 crude  nation1 has be5 v great2 b !    
defect ( ?is /&>d is t x  ends 9 utt]ly 
r5\nc+ all ! great traditions (         
lit]ature1 &  ignor+ ! magnific5t my/]y 
( words4 ,human language may be polite  
& p[]less 9 itself1 uplift$ ) difficulty
 into expression by !  high ?\ghts x    
utt]s1 or x may 9 itself become s       
saturat$ )  w>m life & delici\s         
association t e s5t5ce %all palpitate  &
 ?rill ) ! m]e fasc9ation ( ! syllables4
 ,! /atue is  n m surely includ$ 9 !    
block ( m>ble ?an is all conceivable    
spl5dor ( utt]ance 9 ,worce/]'s         
,unabridg$4 ,& z ,rusk9 says (  pa9t+ t 

x is 9 ! p]fection & precision ( !      
in/antane\s  l9e t ! claim to           
immortality is made1 s x is easy to see 
t a  phrase may outweigh a libr>y4      
,keats heads ! catalogue ( ?+s real  )  
sun1 moon1 & passages ( ,%akspe>e2 &    
,keats himself has  left beh9d him w+$  
wond]s ( expression :i* are n surpass$  
by  ,%akspe>e1 or by any "o else :o ev] 
d>$ t\* ! ,engli% tongue4  ,!re may be  
phrases :i* %all be palaces to dwell 91 
treasure-h\ses  to explore2 a s+le ^w   
may be a w9d[ f :i* "o may p]ceive  all 
! k+doms ( ! e>? & ! glory ( !m4        
,(t5times a ^w  %all speak :at          
accumulat$ volumes h labor$ 9 va9 to    
utt]3  !re may be ye>s ( cr[d$ passion 9
 a ^w1 & half a life 9 a  s5t5ce4       
,su* be+ ! maje/y ( ! art y seek to     
practise1 y c at lea/  take "t &        
delib]ation be=e di%onor+ x4 ,disabuse  
y\rself  especially ( ! belief t any    
grace or fl[ ( /yle c come f  writ+     
rapidly4 ,ha/e c make y slip%od1 b x c  
nev] make  y graceful4 ,) :at dismay "o 

reads ( ! wond]ful fell[s 9  fa%ionable 
novels1 :o c easily da% (f a brilliant  
essay 9 a  s+le night6 ,:5 ,i ?9k h[    
sl[ly my poor ?\ghts come 91 h[  t>dily 
!y connect !mselves1 :at a delici\s     
prolong$ p]plexity  x is to cut &       
contrive a dec5t clo?+ ( words = !m1 z a
  little girl does = h] doll1--nay1 h[  
_m new outfits a s+le  s5t5ce sometimes 
co/s be=e x is pres5table1 till x seems 
at  la/1 l our army on ! ,potomac1 z if 
x nev] c\ld be ?or\ghly  clo!d1--,i     
c]ta9ly %\ld nev] d>e to v5ture into    
pr9t1 b =  ! confirm$ suspicion t !     
greate/ writ]s h done ev5 s4 ,i  c h>dly
 believe t !re is any autograph 9 ! _w s
 preci\s  or in/ructive z t scrap (     
pap]1 /ill pres]v$ at ,f]r>a1 on  :i*   
,ario/o wrote 9 sixte5 diff]5t revisions
 "o ( 8 mo/  fam\s /anzas4 ,d y "k1 my  
de> neophyte1 h[ ,balzac us$ to         
compose8 ,z a specim5 ( ! labor t       
sometimes goes to make an  effective    
/yle1 ! process is wor? record+4 ,:5    
,balzac _h a new  "w 9 view1 he fir/    

sp5t weeks 9 /udy+ f real life = x1     
haunt+ ! /reets ( ,p>is by day & night1 
note-book 9 h&4 ,8  mat]ials ga9$1 he   
%ut himself up till ! book 0 writt51    
p]haps  two mon?s1 absolutely exclud+   
ev]ybody b 8 publi%]4 ,he em]g$  pale & 
?91 ) ! complete manuscript 9 8 h&1--n  
only  writt51 b almo/ rewritt51 s       
?or\ghly 0 ! orig9al copy  alt]$1       
int]l9$1 & re>rang$4 ,?is /range        
production1 almo/  illegible1 0 s5t to !
 un=tunate pr9t]s2 ) inf9ite  difficulty
 a pro(-%eet 0 obta9$1 :i*1 be+ s5t to !
 au?or1  0 pres5tly return$ 9 almo/ z   
hopeless a *aos ( corrections z  !      
manuscript fir/ submitt$4 ,:ole s5t5ces 
7 eras$1 o!rs  transpos$1 ev]y?+        
modifi$4 ,a second & a ?ird foll[$1     
alike  torn to pieces by ! rav5\s p5 (  
,balzac4 ,! despair+ pr9t]s  labor$ by  
turns1 only ! pick$ m5 ( ! (fice be+    
equal to !  task1 & !y reliev+ ea* o!r  
at h\rly int]vals1 z beyond  t "t no "o 
c\ld endure ! fatigue4 ,at la/1 by !    
f\r?  pro(-%eet1 ! au?or too 0 we>i$    

out1 ?\gh n cont5t$4 ,i  "w t5 h\rs out 
( ! tw5ty-f\r1 said he1 ov] !           
elaboration  ( my unhappy /yle1 & ,i am 
nev] satisfi$1 myself1 :5 all is  done4 
,d n compla9 t ?is scrupul\sness is     
probably wa/$1 aft] all1  & t nobody    
kn[s4 ,! public kn[s4 ,p criticize high]
 ?an  !y atta94 ,:5 ! ,a!nian audi5ce   
hiss$ a public speak] = a               
mispronunciation1 x did n foll[ t any "o
 ( ! malcont5ts  c\ld pron\nce z well z 
! orator4 ,9 our own lyceum-audi5ces !re
  may n be a man :o does n yield to 8   
own private ecc5tricities (  dialect1 b 
see if !y d n appreciate elegant ,engli%
 f ,phillips  or ,ev]ett6 ,m5 talk (    
writ+ d[n to ! public ta/e :o h nev]    
yet writt5 up to t /&>d4 ,!re nev] yet 0
 a good tongue1  said old ,full]1 t     
want$ e>s to he> x4 ,if "o 7 expect+ to 
be judg$ by a few s*ol>s only1 "o might 
hope someh[ to cajole !m2  b x is ?is   
va/1 unimpassion$1 unconsci\s tribunal1 
?is av]age  judgm5t ( intellig5t m9ds1  
:i* is truly =midable1--some?+  m undy+ 

?an s5ates & m omnipot5t ?an c\rts1     
some?+  :i* rapidly cancels all         
transitory reputations1 & at la/ becomes
  ! organ ( et]nal ju/ice & infallibly  
aw>ds po/hum\s fame4    ,! fir/ dem&    
made by ! public ^u e composition is1 ( 
c\rse1 t x %\ld be attractive4 ,9       
address+ a miscellane\s  audi5ce1 :e!r  
?r\gh eye or e>1 x is c]ta9 t no man    
liv+  has a "r to be t$i\s4 ,e editor is
 !re=e compell$ to insi/  t 8           
contributors %\ld make !mselves         
agreeable1 :atev] else  !y may d4 ,to be
 agreeable1 x is n necess>y to be amus+2
 an  essay may be ?or\ghly delightful   
)\t a s+le witticism1 :ile a  monotone (
 jokes soon gr[s t$i\s4 ,*>ge y\r /yle )
 life1  & ! public w n ask = conundrums4
 ,b ! pr(\nd] y\r  disc\rse1 ! great]   
mu/ necess>ily be ! ef=t to refre% &    
div]sify4 ,i h obs]v$1 9 address+       
audi5ces ( *ildr5 9  s*ools & else:]e1 t
 !re is no fact s grave1 no ?\ght s     
ab/ract1 b y c make x v int]e/+ to !    
small p1 if  y w only put 9 pl5ty (     

detail & illu/ration2 & ,i h n  obs]v$ t
 9 ?is respect gr[n m5 are s v diff]5t4 
,if1  !re=e1 9 writ+1 y f9d x y\r       
mission to be ab/ruse1 fight to  r5d]   
y\r /atem5t cle> & attractive1 z if y\r 
life dep5d$ on  x3 y\r lit]>y life does 
dep5d on x1 &1 if y fail1 relapses  into
 a dead language1 & becomes1 l t (      
,col]idge1 only a  ,biographia ,lit]>ia4
 ,labor1 !re=e1 n 9 ?\ght alone1 b 9    
utt]ance2 clo! & reclo! y\r gr&         
conception tw5ty times1 until  y f9d "s 
phrase t ) its gr&eur %all be lucid     
also4 ,x is  ?is unwe>i$ lit]>y pati5ce 
t has enabl$ ,em]son n m]ely to         
introduce1 b ev5 to popul>ize1 ?\ghts ( 
su* a quality z nev]  rea*$ ! popul> m9d
 be=e4 ,& :5 su* a writ]1 ?us labori\s  
to d 8 utmo/ = 8 disciples1 becomes aft]
 all incompreh5sible1  we c try to      
believe t x is only t inevitable        
obscurity ( va/  ?\ght :i* ,col]idge    
said 0 a complim5t to ! read]4    ,9    
le>n+ to write availably1 a             
newspap]-(fice is a capital  prep>atory 

s*ool4 ,no?+ is s good to tea* ! use (  
mat]ials1  & to compel to pung5cy (     
/yle4 ,be+ always at close qu>t]s )  8  
read]s1 a j\rnali/ mu/ %ort5 & %>p5 8   
s5t5ces1 or he  is doom$4 ,yet ?is m5tal
 al]tness is b\ght at a sev]e price2 su*
  liv+ f h& to m\? *eap5s ! :ole mode ( 
intellectual  exi/5ce1 & x w\ld seem t  
no successful j\rnali/ c\ld ev]  get !  
newspap] out ( 8 blood1 or a*ieve any   
high lit]>y  success4    ,= purposes (  
illu/ration & elucidation1 & ev5 =      
amplitude (  vocabul>y1 weal? (         
accumulat$ mat]ials is ess5tial2 & :e!r 
?is weal? be won by read+ or by exp]i5ce
 makes no great  diff]5ce4 ,col]idge    
att5d$ ,davy's *emical lectures to      
acquire new  metaphors1 & x is ( no     
consequ5ce :e!r "o comes to lit]ature  f
 a libr>y1 a ma*9e-%op1 or a =eca/le1   
provid$ he has le>n$  to "w ) ?or\ghness
 ! soil he kn[s4 ,aft] all is said &    
done1  h[ev]1 books rema9 ! *ief        
qu>ries4 ,johnson decl>$1 putt+ !  ?+   
p]haps too me*anically1 ,! great] "p (  

an au?or's "t is  sp5t 9 read+ 9 ord] to
 write2 a man w turn ov] half a libr>y  
to make "o book4 ,addison collect$ ?ree 
folios ( mat]ials be=e  publi%+ ! fir/  
numb] ( ! ,spectator4 ,rememb]1 h[ev]1 t
  copi\s prep>ation has its p]ils also1 
9 ! crude display to :i*  x tempts4 ,!  
object ( high culture is n to exhibit   
culture1 b  its results4 ,y d n put     
guano on y\r g>d5 t y\r g>d5 may        
blossom guano4 ,inde$1 ev5 = ! prop]    
subord9ation ( "o's own  ?\ghts ! same  
self-control is ne$$2 & !re is no sev]] 
te/  ( lit]>y tra9+ ?an 9 ! p[] to prune
 out "o's mo/ *]i%$  s5t5ce1 :5 x gr[s  
obvi\s t ! sacrifice w help !  symmetry 
or vigor ( ! :ole4    ,be noble bo? 9 ! 
afflu5ce & ! economy ( y\r diction2 sp>e
  no weal? t y c put 91 & tol]ate no    
sup]fluity t c be  /ruck out4 ,rememb] !
 ,lac$emonian :o 0 f9$ = say+ t 9  ?ree 
words :i* might z well h be5 express$ 9 
two4 ,d n ?r[  a doz5 vague epi!ts at a 
?+1 9 ! hope t "s "o ( !m  w fit2 b /udy
 ea* phrase s c>efully t ! mo/ +5i\s    

critic _c alt] x )\t spoil+ ! :ole      
passage = ev]ybody  b himself4 ,= ! same
 reason d n take refuge1 z 0 !  practice
 a few ye>s s9ce1 9 ,g]man comb9ations1 
he>t-utt]ances1  s\l-s5tim5ts1 &        
hyph5iz$ phrases g5]ally2 b roll y\r    
?\ght  into "o good ,engli% ^w4 ,!re is 
no fault :i* seems s hopeless z         
commonplac5ess1 b x is really easi] to  
elevate ! commonplace  ?an to r$uce !   
turgid4 ,h[ few m5 9 all ! pride (      
culture c  emulate ! easy grace ( a     
bright woman's lett]6    ,h fai? en\gh 9
 y\r own individuality to keep x        
resolutely d[n  = a ye> or two4 ,a man  
has n mu* intellectual capital :o _c    
treat himself to a brief int]val (      
mode/y4 ,premature individualism        
commonly ends ei!r 9 a reaction aga9/ ! 
orig9al :ims1 or 9 a  mann]ism :i*      
p]petuates !m4 ,= mann]ism no "o is     
great en\gh1  because1 ?\gh 9 ! h&s ( a 
/rong man x imprisons u 9 novel         
fasc9ation1 yet we soon gr[ we>y1 & !n  
hate our prison =ev]4  ,h[ sp>kl+ 0     

,reade's crisp brilliancy 9 ,peg        
,w(f+ton6--b  into :at disagreeable     
affectations x has s9ce deg5]at$6       
,c>lyle  0 a boon to ! human race1 amid 
! lam5ess into :i* ,engli% /yle  0      
decl9+2 b :o is n tir$ ( him & 8        
cat*words n[8 ,he  0 ! ,j5n] ( our mod]n
 /yle1 inoculat+ & sav+ u all by 8      
qua9t frank ,g]manism1 !n dy+ ( 8 own   
disease4 ,n[ ! age has  outgr[n him1 &  
is approa*+ a mode ( writ+ :i* unites ! 
smoo?ness ( ! eighte5? c5tury ) ! vital 
vigor ( !  sev5te5?1 s t ,sir ,?omas    
,br[ne & ,&rew ,m>vell seem q z  ne> to 
u z ,pope or ,addison1--a /yle p5etrat$ 
) ! be/ _s  ( ,c>lyle1 )\t a trace (    
,c>lylism4    ,be nei!r too lax nor too 
precise 9 y\r use ( language3 ! "o      
fault ends 9 /iffness1 ! o!r 9 slang4   
,"s "o told ! ,emp]or  ,tib]ius t he    
might give citiz5%ip to m51 b n to      
words4 ,to be  sure1 ,l\is ,,xiv4 9     
*ildhood1 wi%+ = a c>riage1 call$ = mon 
c>rosse1 & made ! =m] fem99e a mascul9e 
to all future  ,fr5*m54 ,b d n und]take 

to ex]cise ^! pr]ogatives (  royalty    
until y are q sure ( be+ cr[n$4 ,! only 
?+ ,i  rememb] ( our college text-book (
 ,rhetoric is "o admirable v]se (       
caution :i* x quot$3--      ,9 words1 z 
fa%ions1 ! same rule w hold1    ,alike  
fanta/ic1 if too new or old2    ,be n ! 
fir/ by :om ! new are tri$1    ,nor yet 
! la/ to lay ! old aside4    ,especially
 d n indulge any fanta/ic pref]5ce =    
ei!r ,lat9 or  ,anglo-,saxon1 ! two     
great w+s on :i* our magnific5t ,engli% 
so>s  & s+s2 we c sp>e nei!r4 ,!        
comb9ation gives an afflu5ce (          
synonymes & a delicacy ( discrim9ation  
su* z no unmix$ idiom c  %[4    ,:ile y 
utt]ly %un slang1 :e!r native-or        
=eign-born1--7at  pres5t1 by ! way1 our 
popul> writ]s use f> less slang ?an !   
,engli%17--yet d n %r9k f ,am]icanisms1 
s !y be good ones4  ,am]ican lit]ature  
is n[ ?or\ghly out ( lead+-/r+s2 & !    
nation :i* suppli$ ! fir/ appreciative  
audi5ce = ,c>lyle1  ,t5nyson1 & !       
,br[n+s1 c c]ta9ly tru/ its own lit]>y  

in/9cts to create ! new words x ne$s4   
,to be sure1 ! inelegancies  ) :i* we   
are *iefly reproa*$ are n di/9ctively   
,am]ican3  ,burke uses pretty           
consid]able2 ,miss ,burney says1 ,i     
trembl$ a  few2 ! ,engli% ,bible says   
reckon1 ,locke has guess1 & ,s\!y       
realize1 9 ! exact s5ses 9 :i* "o       
sometimes he>s !m us$  colloquially "h4 
,nev]!less su* improprieties are ( c\rse
 to be  avoid$2 b :atev] good           
,am]icanisms exi/1 let u hold to !m by  
all means4 ,! diction ( ,em]son alone is
 a suffici5t pro(1 by its  unequall$    
range & precision1 t no p 9 ! _w ev] _h 
access to a vocabul>y s ri* & copi\s z  
we are acquir+4 ,to  ! previ\s          
traditions & associations ( ! ,engli%   
tongue we add  res\rces ( contempor>y   
life su* z ,engl& _c rival4 ,political  
fre$om makes e man an individual2 a va/ 
indu/rial activity makes  e man an      
inv5tor1 n m]ely ( labor-sav+ ma*9es1 b 
(  labor-sav+ words2 univ]sal s*ool+    
popul>izes all ?\ght &  %>p5s ! edge (  

all language4 ,we unconsci\sly dem& (   
our  writ]s ! same da% & ! same accuracy
 :i* we dem& 9  railroad+ or            
dry-goods-jobb+4 ,! mixture (           
nationalities is  con/antly co9+ &      
ex*ang+ new felicities ( dialect3       
,irel&1  ,scotl&1 ,g]many1 ,africa are  
pres5t ev]y:]e ) _! v>i\s  contributions
 ( wit & %rewdness1 ?\ght & g5iality2 9 
,new ,york  & else:]e "o f9ds :ole      
?or\ghf>es ( ,france1 ,italy1 ,spa91    
,portugal2 on our ,we/]n railways !re   
are plac>ds pr9t$ 9 ,sw$i%2  ev5 ,*9a is
 creep+ 94 ,! colonies ( ,engl& are too 
f> & too  prov9cial to h _h mu* reflex  
influ5ce on h] lit]ature1 b  h[ our     
phraseology is already amplifi$ by our  
relations )  ,spani%-,am]ica6 ,!        
life-blood ( ,mexico fl[$ into our      
newspap]s  :ile ! w> 0 9 progress2 & !  
gold ( ,cali=nia glitt]s 9  our prim]3  
,_m =eign cities may %[ a great] v>iety 
( m]e  national co/umes1 b !            
repres5tative value ( our immigrant     
tribes  is f> great] f ! v fact t !y    

m]ge _! m5tal co/ume  9 ours4 ,?us !    
,am]ican writ] f9ds himself among 8     
phrases l  an ,am]ican sea-capta9 amid 8
 crew3 a m$ley ( all nations1 wait+  = !
 /rong organiz+ ,new-,engl& m9d to m\ld 
!m into a unit (  =ce4    ,!re are c]ta9
 m9or matt]s1 subsidi>y to elegance1 if 
n  elegancies1 & !re=e wor? att5tion4 ,d
 n habitually prop y\r  s5t5ces on      
crut*es1 su* z ,italics &               
exclamation-po9ts1 b make  !m /& )\t    
aid2 if !y _c emphasize !mselves1 ^!    
devices are commonly b a confession (   
helplessness4 ,d n leave  loose ends z y
 g on1 /raggl+ ?+s1 to be caught up &   
dragg$  along uneasily 9 foot-notes1 b  
"w !m all 9 neatly1 z ,biddy at  h]     
bread-pan gradually kneads 9 all !      
outly+ bits ( d\gh1 till  %e has "o r\nd
 & comely mass4    ,r$uce y\rself to    
%ort all[ance ( p>5!ses & da%es2 if y   
employ !m m]ely f clums9ess1 !y w lose  
all _! prop]  p[] 9 y\r h&s4 ,economize 
quotation-m>ks also1 cle> t du/  f y\r  
pages1 assume y\r read]s to be acqua9t$ 

) ! curr5t  jokes & ! /ock epi!ts3 all  
p]sons l ! complim5t ( hav+  x presum$ t
 !y "k some?+1 & pref] to discov] ! wit 
or  beauty ( y\r allusion )\t a         
guide-bo>d4    ,! same pr9ciple applies 
to le>n$ citations & ! results (  /udy4 
,knead ^! ?or\ghly 91 supply+ ! maximum 
( desir$  in=mation ) a m9imum ( visible
 s*oolma/]4 ,x requires no  p$antic     
m5tion ( ,euclid to indicate a          
ma!matical m9d1 b only !  habitual use (
 cle> t]ms & close connections4 ,to     
employ 9 argum5t  ! =ms ( ,:ately's     
,logic w\ld r5d] x probable t y are     
juv5ile & c]ta9 t y are t$i\s2 wrea! !  
*a9 ) roses4  ,! m y h /udi$ =eign      
languages1 ! m y w be  dispos$ to keep  
,oll5dorff 9 ! backgr\nd3 ! prop] result
 ( su*  acquirem5ts is visible 9 a f9]  
e> = words2 s t ,goe! said1  ! man :o _h
 /udi$ b "o language c\ld n "k t "o4 ,b 
sp>e ! raw mat]ial2 deal z cauti\sly 9  
,lat9 z did ,g5]al  ,jackson :5 ,jack   
,d[n+ 0 out ( ! way2 & avoid ,fr5* z "s 
fa%ionable noveli/s avoid ,engli%4      

,?us f>1 ^! are elem5t>y & r te*nical   
sugge/ions1 fitt$  = ! v op5+ ( y\r     
lit]>y c>e]4 ,suppos+ y fairly 9  pr9t1 
!re are ne$$ "s fur!r c\nsels4    ,d n  
wa/e a m9ute1 n a second1 9 try+ to     
demon/rate to o!rs  ! m]it ( y\r own    
p]=mance4 ,if y\r "w does n v9dicate    
itself1 y _c v9dicate x1 b y c labor    
/eadily on to  some?+ :i* ne$s no       
advocate b itself4 ,x 0 said ( ,haydon1 
! ,engli% arti/1 t1 if he _h tak5 half !
 pa9s to pa9t great  pictures t he took 
to p]suade ! public he _h pa9t$ !m1 8   
fame w\ld h be5 secure4 ,simil> 0 ! c>e]
 ( poor ,horne1 :o  wrote ! f>?+ epic ( 
,orion ) "o gr& l9e 9 x1 & a  prose "w  
)\t any1 on ,! ,false ,m$ium exclud+ ,m5
 ( ,g5ius  f ! ,public4 ,he sp5t ye>s 9 
ineffectually try+ to repeal !          
exclusion 9 8 own case1 & has s9ce      
manfully gone to ! graz+  regions 9     
,au/ralia1 hop+ !re at lea/ to f9d !    
%eep & !  goats bett] discrim9at$4 ,d n 
emulate ^! trag$ies4 ,rememb] h[  _m    
great writ]s h creat$ ! ta/e by :i* !y 7

 enjoy$1  & d n be 9 a hurry4 ,t\gh5    
y\rself a little1 & p]=m  some?+ bett]4 
,inscribe above y\r desk ! words (      
,riv>ol1 ,g5ius  is only great pati5ce4 
,x takes less "t to build an av5ue (    
%+le palaces ?an to hide away unse51    
block by block1 ! va/  f\ndation-/ones (
 an obs]vatory4 ,mo/ by-gone lit]>y     
fames h  be5 v %ort-liv$ 9 ,am]ica1     
because !y h la/$ no long]  ?an !y      
des]v$4 ,happ5+ ! o!r day to recur to a 
li/ (  ,cambridge lyceum-lectur]s 9 my  
boyi% days1 ,i f9d ) dismay t  ! only "n
 n[ popul>ly rememb]$ is t ( ,em]son3   
dea?1  oblivion1 or a pr(essor%ip has   
clos$ ov] all ! re/1 :ile !  :ole /&>d (
 ,am]ican lit]ature has be5 va/ly rais$ 
mean:ile1  & no d\bt p>tly ?r\gh _!     
labors4 ,to ?is day1 "s ( our mo/  gift$
 writ]s are be+ dw>f$ by ! unk9d        
fri5dl9ess ( too e>ly  praise4 ,x 0     
,keats1 ! mo/ precoci\s ( all great     
poets1 ! /ock  victim ( critical        
assass9ation1--?\gh ! *>ge does him utt]
  inju/ice1--:o decl>$ t no?+ is f9] =  

purposes (  production ?an a v gradual  
rip5+ ( ! intellectual p[]s4    ,yet d n
 be made conceit$ by obscurity1 any m   
?an by notoriety4  ,_m f9e g5iuses h be5
 long neglect$2 b :at w\ld become  ( u1 
if all ! neglect$ 7 to turn out g5iuses8
 ,x is unsafe  reason+ f ei!r extreme4  
,y are n necess>ily writ+ l  ,holmes    
because y\r reputation = tal5t began 9  
college1 nor l  ,haw?orne because y h   
be5 be=e ! public t5 ye>s )\t an        
admir]4 ,above all1 d n seek to enc\rage
 y\rself by dwell+ on  ! defects ( y\r  
rivals3 /r5g? comes only f :at is above 
y4  ,nor?cote1 ! pa9t]1 said1 t1 9      
obs]v+ an inf]ior picture1  he always   
felt 8 spirits droop1 ) ! suspicion t   
p]haps he  deceiv$ himself & 8 own      
pa9t+s 7 no bett]2 b ! works (  ! mighty
 ma/]s always gave him r5ew$ /r5g?1 9 ! 
hope t  p]haps 8 own _h 9 _! small] way 
some?+ ( ! same div9e  quality4    ,d n 
complac5tly imag9e1 because y\r fir/    
lit]>y attempt prov$  good & successful1
 t y\r second w d\btless improve ^u x4  

,! v contr>y sometimes happ5s4 ,a man   
dreams = ye>s ov]  "o project$          
composition1 all 8 read+ conv]ges to x1 
all 8  exp]i5ce /&s relat$ to x1 x is ! 
net result ( 8 exi/5ce  up to a c]ta9   
"t1 x is ! ci/]n into :i* he p\rs 8     
accumulat$ life4 ,embold5$ by success1  
he mi/akes ! ci/]n = a  f\nta91 &       
in/antly taps 8 bra9 aga94 ,! second    
production1  z comp>$ ) ! fir/1 co/s b  
half ! pa9s & atta9s b  a qu>t] "p ( !  
m]it2 a little m ( flu5cy & facility    
p]haps1--b ! vigor1 ! weal?1 !          
orig9ality1 ! head ( wat]1  9 %ort1 are 
want+4 ,"o w\ld ?9k t almo/ any         
intellig5t man  might write "o good ?+ 9
 a lifetime1 by res]v+ himself long     
en\gh3 x is ! ef=t aft] quantity :i*    
proves de/ructive4 ,!  greate/ man has  
pass$ 8 z5i?1 :5 he once beg9s to *eap5 
8 /yle ( "w & s9k into a book-mak]3 aft]
 t1 ?\gh !  newspap]s may nev] h9t at x1
 nor 8 admir]s own x1 ! decl9e (  8 c>e]
 is begun4    ,yet ! au?or is n alone to
 blame = ?is1 b also ! _w :i*  fir/     

tempts & !n reproves him4 ,goe! says1 t1
 if a p]son once  does a good ?+1       
society =ms a league to prev5t 8 do+    
ano!r4  ,8 seclusion is gone1 & !re=e 8 
unconsci\sness & 8  leisure2 luxuries   
tempt him f 8 frugality1 & soon he mu/  
toil  = luxuries2 !n1 because he has    
done "o ?+ well1 he is urg$  to squ&]   
himself & d a ?\s& ?+s badly4 ,9 ?is    
c\ntry  especially1 if "o c le>n        
languages1 he mu/ g to ,congress2 if he 
c argue a case1 he mu/ become ag5t ( a  
factory3 out ( ?is comes  a v>iety (    
tra9+ :i* is v valuable1 b a wise man   
mu/  h /r5g? to call 9 8 res\rces be=e  
middle-life1 prune (f  div]g5t          
activities1 & conc5trate himself on !   
ma9 "w1 be x  :at x may4 ,x is %ameful  
to see ! indet]m9ate lives ( _m (  our  
gift$ m51 unable to resi/ ! temptations 
( a busy l&1 & s  los+ !mselves 9 an    
aimless & miscellane\s c>e]4    ,yet x  
is unju/ & unwor?y 9 ,m>% to disfigure 8
 f9e "w on !  ,engli% language by       
traduc+ all :o n[ write t tongue4 ,none 

seek  ! audi5ce1 fit1 ?\gh few1 :i*     
cont5t$ ! ambition ( ,milton1  & all    
writ]s = ! press n[ measure _! glory by 
_! ga9s1  & s indef9itely onw>d1--:i* is
 simply cant4 ,does ,sylvanus ,cobb1    
,jr41 :o hone/ly e>ns 8 annual five ?\s&
 doll>s f ! ,new  ,york ,l$g]1 take rank
 z head ( ,am]ican lit]ature by virtue (
 8  sal>y8 ,because ! pr(its ( true     
lit]ature are ris+1--trivial z  !y /ill 
are beside ^? ( comm]ce or !            
pr(essions1--its m]its  d n necess>ily  
decrease1 b ! contr>y is m likely to    
happ52  = 9 ?is pursuit1 z 9 all o!rs1  
*eap "w is usually poor "w4  ,none b    
g5tlem5 ( =tune c enjoy ! bliss ( writ+ 
= no?+  & pay+ _! own pr9t]4 ,nor does !
 practice ( comp5sation by  ! page "w ! 
injury t has (t5 be5 ignorantly pr$ict$4
 ,no  contributor ne$ hope to cov] two  
pages ( a p]iodical ) :at might  be     
adequately said 9 "o1 unless he assumes 
8 editor to be z fooli%  z himself4 ,!  
,sp>tans exil$ ,ctesiphon = bragg+ t he 
c\ld  speak ! :ole day on any subject   

select$2 & a mod]n magaz9e is (  little 
value1 unless x has a ,sp>tan at its    
head4    ,/rive always to rememb]--?\gh 
x does n seem int5d$ t we  %\ld q br+ x 
home to ourselves--t ,to-,day is a k+ 9 
disguise1 & t ?is ,am]ican lit]ature (  
ours w be j z  classic a ?+1 if we d our
 "p1 z any :i* ! pa/ has treasur$4  ,!re
 is a mirage ov] all lit]>y             
associations4 ,keats & ,lamb seem to    
our "y p to be exi/5ces z remote &      
leg5d>y z ,hom]1 yet  x is n an old     
man's life s9ce ,keats 0 an awkw>d boy  
at !  door ( ,hazlitt's lecture-room1 & 
,lamb 0 introduc+ ,talf\rd to           
,wordswor? z 8 own only admir]4 ,9 read+
 ,sp5ce's ,anecdotes1  ,pope & ,addison 
appe> no f>!r (f2 & :]ev] ,i op5        
,bacon's  ,essays1 ,i am sure to end at 
la/ ) t "o magical s5t5ce1  annihilat+  
c5turies1 ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild1 & ,que5      
,elizabe? 0 9  ! fl[] ( h] ye>s4    ,&  
?is imp]ceptible trans=mation ( !       
commonplace pres5t into  ! /ori$ pa/    
applies equally to ! pursuits ( w> & to 

!  s]5e/ works ( peace4 ,be n misl$ by !
 excitem5ts ( ! mom5t  into ov]rat+ !   
*>ms ( milit>y life4 ,9 ?is *aos (      
uni=ms1  we seem to be approa*+ times   
su* z exi/$ 9 ,engl& aft]  ,wat]loo1 :5 
! spl5etic ,byron decl>$ t ! only       
di/9ction  0 to be a little undi/+ui%$4 
,no d\bt1 w> br+s out gr&  & unexpect$  
qualities1 & !re is a p]5nial fasc9ation
 9 !  ,elizabe?an ,raleighs & ,sidneys1 
alike h]oes ( p5 & sword4 ,b !  fact is 
pat5t1 t !re is sc>cely any art ^:      
rudim5ts are  s easy to acquire z !     
milit>y2 ! manuals ( tactics h  no      
difficulties comp>able to ^? ( ! ord9>y 
pr(essional  text-books2 & any "o :o c  
drill a boat's crew or a ball-club c    
le>n 9 a v few weeks to drill a company 
or ev5 a regim5t4 ,giv5  9 addition !   
p[] to comm&1 to organize1 & to         
execute1--high  qualities1 ?\gh n r>e 9 
?is community1--& y h a man  ne$+ b "t &
 exp]i5ce to make a g5]al4 ,m ?an ?is c 
be  acquir$ only by an exclusive        
absorption 9 ?is "o art2 z ,napoleon    

said1 t1 to h good soldi]s1 a nation mu/
 be always at w>4    ,if1 !re=e1 duty & 
opportunity call1 c\nt x a privilege to 
obta9  y\r %>e 9 ! new c>e]2 ?r[ y\rself
 into x z resolutely &  joy\sly z if x 7
 a summ]-campaign 9 ! ,adirondack1 b    
nev]  fancy = a mom5t t y h discov]$ any
 gr&] or manli] life  ?an y might be    
lead+ e day at home4 ,x is n ne$ful "h  
to  decide :i* is intr9sically ! bett]  
?+1 a column ( a newspap]  or a column (
 attack1 ,wordswor?'s ,l9es on          
,immortality or  ,well+ton's ,l9es (    
,torres ,v$ras2 ea* is noble1 if nobly  
done1  ?\gh po/]ity seems to rememb]    
lit]ature ! longe/4 ,! writ]  is n      
celebrat$ = hav+ be5 ! favorite ( !     
conqu]or1 b  sometimes ! conqu]or only =
 hav+ favor$ or ev5 = hav+  spurn$ !    
writ]4 ,:5 ! great ,sultan di$1 8 p[] & 
glory  dep>t$ f him1 & no?+ rema9$ b ?is
 "o fact1 t he knew  n ! wor? ( ,f]d\si4
 ,!re is a slight delusion 9 ?is dazzl+ 
glory4 ,:at a fanta/ic :im ! "y         
lieut5ants ?\ght x1 :5  ,g5]al ,wolfe1  

on ! eve ( battle1 said ( ,gray's       
,elegy1 ,g5tlem51  ,i w\ld r h writt5 t 
poem ?an h tak5 ,quebec4 ,yet1  no d\bt1
 x is by ! memory ( t rem>k t ,wolfe w  
live !  longe/1--aid$ by ! /ray l9e (   
ano!r poet1 /ill rem9d+ u1  n ne$lessly1
 t ,wolfe's great "n's cotemporal ) our 
own4    ,once ! poets & ! sages 7 held  
to be pleas+ trifl]s1 fit =  h\rs (     
relaxation 9 ! lulls ( w>4 ,n[ !        
pursuits ( peace are  recogniz$ z !     
real1 & w> z ! accid5tal4 ,x int]rupts  
all high] avocations1 z does ! cry (    
fire3 :5 ! fire is  ext+ui%$1 !         
important affairs ( life are resum$4    
,six ye>s ago  ! ,london ,times 0       
bewail+ t all ?\ght & culture 9 ,engl&  
7 susp5d$ by ! ,crimean ,w>4 ,we want no
 m books4 ,give u good  recruits1 at    
lea/ five feet sev51 a good model = a   
float+-batt]y1  & a gun to take effect  
at five ?\s& y>ds1--& ,:igs & ,tories1  
,high & ,l[ ,*ur*1 ! poets1 a/ronom]s1 &
 critics1 may settle x  among !mselves4 
,h[ remote seems t epo* n[6 & h[ remote 

w  ! pres5t soon appe>6 :ile art &      
sci5ce w resume _! sway  s]5e1 b5ea?    
skies et]nal4 ,ye/]day ,i turn$ f       
treatises on  gunn]y & =tification to   
op5 ,milton's ,lat9 ,poems1 :i* ,i _h   
nev] read1 & !re1 9 ! ,sylv>um ,lib]1 ,i
 came ^u a passage  z gr& z any?+ 9     
,p>adise ,lo/1--8 description ( ,plato's
  ar*etypal man1 ! va/ ideal ( ! human  
race1 et]nal1 incorrupt1  coeval ) !    
/>s1 dwell+ ei!r 9 ! sid]eal spaces1 or 
among  ! ,le!an mansions ( s\ls unborn1 
or pac+ ! unexplor$ conf9es  ( !        
habitable globe4 ,!re /ood ! maje/ic    
image1 veil$ 9 a dead  language1 yet    
/ill visible2 & x 0 z if "o ( ! poet's  
own  sylvan groves _h be5 sudd5ly cut   
d[n1 & op5$ a view ( ,olympus4  ,!n all 
^! pres5t fasc9at+ trivialities ( w> &  
diplomacy  ebb$ away1 l ,greece & ,rome 
be=e !m1 & !re seem$ no?+  real 9 !     
univ]se b ,plato's ar*etypal man4       
,inde$1 x is ! same ) all contempor>y   
notorieties4 ,9 all free  gov]nm5ts1    
especially1 x is ! habit to ov]rate !   

dramatis  p]sonae ( ! h\r4 ,h[ empty to 
u are n[ ! names ( ! great  politicians 
( ! la/ g5]ation1 z ,craw=d &           
,l[ndes6--yet x  is b a few ye>s s9ce ^!
 m5 fill$ 9 ! public e> z l>ge a  space 
z ,clay or ,calh\n aft]w>ds1 & :5 !y    
di$1 ! race ( !  giants 0 ?\ght end$4 ,!
 pa? to oblivion ( ^! lat] idols  is j z
 sure2 ev5 ,web/] w be to ! next age b a
 mighty  tradition1 & all t he has left 
w seem no m comm5surate )  8 fame ?an w 
8 /atue by ,p[]s4 ,if any?+ pres]ves !  
/atesm5 ( to-day1 x w be only because we
 are com+ to a conte/  ( m vital        
pr9ciples1 :i* may bett] embalm ! m54 ,(
 all gifts1  eloqu5ce is ! mo/          
%ort-liv$4 ,! mo/ accompli%$ orator     
fades  =gott51 & 8 laurels pass to "s   
ho>se1 inaudible ,burke1  acc\nt$ r a   
bore dur+ 8 lifetime1 & possess$ ( a    
faculty  ( scatt]+1 n conv9c+1 ! memb]s 
( ! ,h\se4 ,aft] all1  said ! brilliant 
,*oate1 ) melan*oly =ebod+1 a book is ! 
only immortality4    ,s few m5 9 any age
 are born ) a m>k$ gift = lit]>y        

expression1 s few ( ?is numb] h access  
to high culture1 s few  ev5 ( ^! h !    
p]sonal nobl5ess to use _! p[]s well1  &
 ?is small b& is f9ally s decimat$ by   
disease & manifold  disa/]1 t x makes "o
 %udd] to obs]ve h[ little ( !  embodi$ 
intellect ( any age is left beh9d4      
,lit]ature is att> (  roses1 "o di/ill$ 
drop f a million blossoms4 ,?9k h[ ,spa9
 &  ,portugal once divid$ ! globe betwe5
 !m 9 a treaty1 :5 ,engl&  0 a petty    
k+dom ( illit]ate tribes6--& n[ all     
,spa9 is  cond5s$ = u into ,c]vantes1 & 
all ,portugal into ! fad+ fame  ( !     
unread ,camo5s4 ,! long magnific5ce (   
,italian culture has  left u only ,i    
,quattro ,poeti1 ! ,f\r ,poets4 ,!      
diff]5ce betwe5  ,%akspe>e & 8          
contempor>ies is n t he is read twice1  
t5  times1 a hundr$ times z mu* z !y3 x 
is an absolute diff]5ce2 he  is read1 & 
!y are only pr9t$4    ,yet1 if our life 
be immortal1 ?is tempor>y di/9ction is (
 little  mom5t1 & we may le>n humility1 
)\t le>n+ despair1 f  e>?'s evanesc5t   

glories4 ,:o _c be> a few disappo9tm5ts1
 if  ! vi/a be s wide t ! mute +lori\s  
,miltons ( ?is sph]e  may 9 "s o!r s+ _!
 ,p>adise z ,f\nd8 ,w> or peace1 fame or
  =getfulness1 c br+ no real injury to  
"o :o has =m$ ! fix$  purpose to live   
nobly day by day4 ,i fancy t 9 "s o!r   
realm (  exi/5ce we may look back ) "s  
k9d int]e/ on ?is sc5e ( our  e>li]     
life1 & say to "o ano!r1--,d y rememb]  
yond] planet1  :]e once we w5t to s*ool8
 ,& :e!r our elective /udy "h lay       
*iefly 9 ! fields ( action or ( ?\ght w 
matt] little to u  !n1 :5 o!r s*ools    
%all h l$ u ?r\gh o!r discipl9es4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,john ,,lam>4      ,! gu>d-h\se 01 9   
fact1 no?+ b a %$ 9 ! middle ( a        
/ubble-field4 ,x _h be5 built = a       
cid]-press la/ summ]2 b  s9ce ,capta9   
,dorr _h gone into ! army1 8 regim5t _h 
camp$ ov]  half 8 plantation1 & ! %$ 0  
bo>d$ up1 ) heavy wickets at  ei!r end1 
to hold :atev] prison]s might fall into 
_! h&s  f ,floyd's =ces4 ,x 0 a /rong   

po9t = ! ,f$]al troops1 8  f>m1--a sort 
( w$ge 9 ! ,rebel ,*eat c\nties ( ,we/]n
 ,virg9ia4  ,only "o prison] 0 9 !      
gu>d-h\se n[4 ,! s5try1 a raw  boat-h& f
 ,ill9ois1 gap$ incessantly at him ?r\gh
 ! b>s1 n  sure if ! ,sece% 7 limb$ &   
head$ l o!r m52 b !  ,novemb] fog 0 s   
?ick t he c\ld disc]n no?+ b a %ort1    
squat man1 9 br[n clo!s & :ite hat1     
heavily /rid+ to & fro4  ,a negro 0     
cr\*+ outside1 8 knees cuddl$ 9 8 arms  
to keep  w>m3 a field-h&1 y c\ld be sure
 f ! face1 a grisly pat* (  flabby      
black1 ) a dull elud+ ^w ( some?+1 y    
c\ld n tell  :at1 9 ! po9ts (           
eyes1--trea*]y or gloom4 ,! prison]     
/opp$1  curs+ him ab\t some?+3 ! only   
answ] 0 a lazy rub ( !  heels4    ,got  
any 'baccy1 ,m>s' ,john8 he :9$1 9 !    
middle ( ! hotte/  oa?4    ,! man /opp$ 
abruptly1 turn+ 8 pockets inside out4   
,t's all1 ,b51 he said1 k9dly en\gh4 ,n[
 begone1 y black  devil6    ,dem's um1  
,m>s'6 ,go9' 'm$iate1--cat*+ ! tobacco1 
& loll+  d[n full l5g? z 8 ma/] turn$ (f

 aga94    ,dave ,hall1 ! s5try1 />$     
reflectively1 & sat d[n4    ,b58 ,:o air
 y next8--nurs+ 8 musket across 8 knees1
  baby-fa%ion4    ,b5 measur$ him ) "o  
eye1 poli%$ ! quid 9 8 greasy h&1 &     
look$ at x4    ,pris'n] o' w>1 he       
mumbl$1 f9ally1--contemptu\sly2 =       
,dave's  tr\s]s 7 9 rags l 8 own1 & 8   
*ilbla9$ toes /uck  ?r\gh ! %oe-tops4   
,*eap :ite tra%1 cle>ly4    ,y] ma/]'s  
"s at swe>9'4 ,he[ _m1 ne[1 hes he l y1 
d[n  to ,georgy8    ,! boatman's bony   
face 0 ga!r+ a w(ul pity4 ,he _h enli/$ 
to  free ! ,uncle ,toms1 & c>ry ,god's  
v5geance to ! ,legrees4 ,"h !y  71 a    
pair ( !m4    ,b5 squ9t$ ano!r critical 
survey ( ! miss'able ,l9k9ite4    ,h[ _m
 wells hev y] poison$ s9ce y] set out8  
he mutt]$4    ,! s5try /opp$4    ,h[ _m 
'long9' to de ,lam>s8 ',b\t z _m z d]'s 
dam' ,yankees 9  ,ri*mond 'baccy-h\ses6 
,some?+ 9 ,dave's %rewd1 :iti% eye w>n$ 
him (f4    ,ki yi6 y] :ite nigg]1 y]6 he
 *uckl$1 %uffl+ d[n ! /ubble4    ,dave  
click$ 8 musket1--!n1 *ok+ d[n an oa?   

into a grim  ,me?odi/ psalm1 resum$ 8   
walk1 look+ askance at ! co>se-m\ld$    
face ( ! prison] pe]+ ?r\gh ! b>s1 & !  
diamond /uds 9  8 %irt1--b\ght ) human  
blood1 d\btless4 ,! man 0 ! black  curse
 ( slav]y itself 9 ! fle%1 9 8 ?\ght    
someh[1 & he  hat$ him accord+ly4 ,our  
m5 ( ! ,nor?we/ h en\gh brawny          
,cov5ant] muscle 9 _! religion to make  
!m good hat]s =  op9ion's sake4         
,lam>1 ! prison]1 wat*$ him ) a lazy    
droll]y 9 8 sluggi%  black eyes4 ,x di$ 
out into /]nness1 z he look$ beyond !   
s5try4  ,he _h se5 ?is ,*eat c\ntry     
be=e2 ?is v plantation 0 8  gr&fa!r's a 
ye> ago1 :5 he _h come up f ,georgia "h1
 &  loit]$ out ! summ] mon?s ) 8        
,virg9ia c\s9s1 hunt+4 ,t  0 a pleasant 
summ]6 ,some?+ 9 ! remembrance ( x fla%$
 into  8 eyes1 dewy1 g5ial2 ! man's     
lea!r-cov]$ face r$d5$ l a  *ild's4     
,only a ye> ago1--& n[----,! plantation 
0 ,*>ley ,dorr's  n[1 :o _h m>ri$ ,ru?4 
,?is v %$ he & ,dorr _h plann$ la/      
spr+1 & n[ ,*>ley held him a prison] 9  

x4 ,! v ?\ght (  ,*>ley ,dorr w>m$ 8    
he>t4 ,:y1 he c\ld ?ank ,god !re 7 su*  
m54 ,true grit1 e in* ( 8 little body6  
,!re1 la/ summ]1 h[  he _h avoid$ ,ru?  
until ! day :5 he 7,lam>7 0 go+         
away6--!n  he told him he meant to try &
 w9 h]4 ,%e c>$ mo/ = y  always1 ,lam>  
_h said1 bitt]ly2 :y h y wait$ s long8  
,y  lov$ h] fir/1 ,john1 y "k4 ,t 0 l a 
man6 ,he rememb]$  t ev5 t day1 :5 8 pa9
 0 brea?less & %>p1 ! words  made him "k
 t ,dorr 0 fit to be h] husb&4    ,dorr 
0 8 fri5d4 ,! ^w meant mu* to ,john     
,lam>4 ,he ?\ght less  meanly ( himself1
 :5 he rememb]$ x4 ,*>ley's prison]6 ,an
 odd  *ance6 ,bett] t ?an to h met 9    
battle4 ,he ?ru/ back !  ?\ght1 ! sweat 
ooz+ out on 8 face1--some?+ )9 him      
mutt]+1 ,= ,lib]ty6 ,i w\ld h kill$ him1
 s help me ,god6    ,he _h br\ght       
despat*es to ,g5]al ,lee1 t he might see
 ,*>ley1 &  ! old place1 &--,ru? aga92  
!re 0 a gnaw+ hung] 9 8 he>t  to see !m4
 ,fool6 :at 0 he to !m8 ,! man's face   
grew sl[ly  pale1 z t ( a savage or an  

animal does1 :5 ! w\nd is deep &  inw>d4
    ,! ,novemb] day 0 dead1 sunless3    
s9ce morn+ ! sky _h _h only  en\gh life 
9 x to sweat out a few muddy drops1 t   
froze z !y  fell3 ! cold numb$ 8 m\? z  
he brea!d x4 ,?is /ubbly slope  0 :]e he
 & 8 gr&fa!r _h head$ ! de]3 x 0 cov]$  
) hundr$s ( dirty1 yell[ t5ts n[4 ,ar\nd
 !re 7 hills l  unc\? mon/]s1 swa!d 9   
ice1 hold+ up ! soggy sky2 %iv]+        
p9e-=e/s2 unmean+1 dre>y flats2 & !     
,*eat1 coil$ ab\t !  froz5 s9ews ( !    
hills1 limp & cold1 l a cord ty+ a dead 
man's jaws4 ,:atev] outlook ( joy or    
wor%ip ?is region _h borne on  its face 
9 "t gone1 x turn$ to him to-day no?+ b 
/agnation1  a great dea?4 ,he wond]$    
idly1 look+ at x1 7= ! old ,hugu5ot     
bra9 ( ! man 0 full ( morbid fancies17  
if x 7 w9t] alone  t _h dead5$ color &  
pulse out ( ^! full-blood$ hills1 or if 
!y c\ld "k ! cold] horror cross+ _!     
?re%old1 & =got  to praise ,god z x     
came4    ,ov] t f>!/ ridge ! h\se _h    
/ood4 ,! gu>d 7he _h be5  tak5 by a b& (

 ,snake-hunt]s1 back 9 ! hills7 _h      
br\ght him  pa/ x4 ,x 0 a heap ( *>r$   
raft]s4 ,burn$ 9 ! night1 !y  said1 :5 !
 old ,colonel 0 alone4 ,!y 7 v will+ to 
%[ him ?is1 z x 0 done by 8 own p>ty1 ! 
,secession  ,bu%-:ack]s2 took him to !  
wood-pile to %[ him :]e 8  gr&fa!r _h   
be5 murd]$1 7!re 0 a r$ m>k17 & buri$1 8
  old h&s above ! gr\nd4 ,colonel said  
't 0 a job fur u to pay up2  s we w5t to
 ! village an' h$ a scrimmage1--po9t+ to
 gaps 9  ! h$ges :]e ! dead ,bu%-:ack]s 
yet lay unburi$4 ,he look$ at  !m1 & at 
! besott$ faces ab\t him1 coolly4       
,snake-hunt]s & ,bu%-:ack]s1 he knew1   
bo? armies us$ 9 ,virg9ia  z tools =    
rap9e & murd]3 ! soon] ! ,devil call$   
home 8  own1 ! bett]4 ,& yet1 x 0 n     
,god's fault1 surely1 t !re  7 su* tools
 9 ! ,nor?1 any m ?an t 9 ! ,s\? ,b5    
0--,b54 ,some?+ 0 rott5 9 fre] ,/ates   
?an ,d5m>k1 he ?\ght4    ,"o ( ! m5 w5t 
into ! h$ge1 & br\ght out a *ild's gold5
  r+let z a trophy4 ,lam> glanc$ 91 &   
saw ! small face 9 its  wooll5 hood1    

dimpl$ yet1 ?\gh dead = days4 ,he       
rememb]$ x4 ,jessy  ,birt1 ! f]ryman's  
little girl4 ,%e us$ to come up to !    
h\se e  day = milk4 ,he wond]$ = :i*    
flag %e di$4 ,ru? 0 tea*+  h] to write4 
,ru?6 ,"s old pa9 hurt him j !n1 ne>]   
?an ev5  ! blood ( ! old man or ! girl  
cry+ to ,god f ! gr\nd4 ,!  s]geant     
mi/ook ! look4 ,!y'll be buri$1 he said1
 gruffly4 ,ye  br\ght x on y]selves4 ,& 
s l$ him to ! ,f$]al camp4    ,!        
aft]noon grew cold]1 z he /ood look+ out
 ( ! gu>d-h\se4  ,sn[ began to :it5     
?r\gh ! gray4 ,he ?ru/ out 8 arm ?r\gh !
  wicket1 8 face k9dl+ ) *ildi%         
pleasure1 z he look$ clos] at  ! fairy  
/>s & cr[ns on 8 %aggy sleeve4 ,if ,floy
 7 "h6 ,%e  nev] _h se5 sn[4 ,:5 !      
flakes _h melt$ (f1 he took a case out  
( 8 pocket to look at ,floy4 ,8 si/]1--a
 little girl :o _h no  "m1 nor fa!r1 nor
 lov]1 b ,lam>4 ,! man among 8 bro!r    
(fic]s 9 ,ri*mond 0 co>se1 arrogant1 (  
dogg$ c\rage1 ke5  palate at ! table1 z 
ke5 eye on ! turf4 ,sickly little ,floy1

 d[n  at home1 knew ! way to some?+ bel[
 all ?is3 j z !y ( !  ,rommany blood see
 bel[ ! muddy b\ld]s ( ! /reets !       
en*ant$  l& ( ,boabdil b>e b5ea?4 ,lam> 
poli%$ ! ivory pa9t+ ) 8  brea?1        
rememb]+ t he _h drunk no?+ = days4 ,a  
*ild's face1  ( ab\t twelve1            
delicate1--a brea? ( fev] or cold w\ld  
%att] su*  weak beauty2 big1 d>k eyes1  
7h] "m 0 pure ,ca/ilian17 out (  :i* h] 
little life look$ irresolute into ! _w1 
unc]ta9 :at  to d !re4 ,! pa9t]1 ) an   
unapt fancy1 _h clu/]$ ab\t !  ,s\!rn   
face ! ,s\!rn emblem1 buds ( ! magnolia1
 un/a9$1 z  yet1 z pe>l4 ,x ang]$ ,lam>1
 rememb]+ h[ ! creamy :it5ess (  !      
full-bl[n fl[] exhal$ passion ( :i* !   
crimsone/ rose knew  no?+1--a cont5t1   
ec/asy1 9 animal life4 ,w\ld            
,floy----,well1 ,god  help !m bo?6 !y   
ne$$ help4 ,?ree hundr$ s\ls 0 a heavy  
weight  = ^? ?9 little h&s to hold sway 
ov]1--to lead to hell or  heav54 ,up    
,nor? !y c\ld h work$ = h]1 & ga9$ only 
h]  money4 ,s ,lam> reason$1 l a        

,georgian3 scribbl+ a lett] to  ,my     
,baby on ! wrapp] ( a newspap]1--draw+ !
 %apes ( !  sn[flakes1--tell+ h] he _h  
rea*$ _! gr&fa!r's plantation1  b h n   
se5 our ,c\s9 ,ru? yet1 ( :om y may     
rememb] ,i h  told y1 ,floy4 ,:5 y gr[  
up1 ,i %\ld l y to be j su* a  woman2 s 
rememb]1 my d>l+1 if ,i----,he scrat*$ !
 la/ words  out3 :y %\ld he h9t to h] t 
he c\ld die8 ,hold+ 8 life loose  9 8   
h&1 ?\gh1 _h br\ght ?+s clos] to him    
lately1--,god &  dea?1 ?is w>1 ! mean+ (
 x all4 ,b he w\ld keep 8 brawny  body  
betwe5 ^! t]rible realities & ,floy1 yet
 a:ile4 ,i want  y1 he wrote1 to leave !
 plantation1 & g ) y\r old maum] to  !  
village4 ,x w be saf] !re4 ,he 0 sure ! 
lett] w\ld rea*  h]4 ,he _h a plan to   
escape to-night1 & he c\ld put x into a 
po/  inside ! l9es4 ,b5 0 to get a small
 h&-saw t w\ld op5 !  wicket2 ! gu>ds 7 
n h>d to elude4 ,glanc+ up1 he saw !    
negro  /ret*$ by a camp-fire1 li/5+ to !
 gaunt boatman1 :o 0 (f  duty4 ,prea*+  
,abolitionism1 d\btless3 he c\ld he>    

,b5's d]isive  %\ts ( laught]4 ,& s1    
good bye1 ,baby ,flor5ce6 he scrawl$4 ,i
  wi% ,i c\ld s5d y "s ( ?is sn[1 to %[ 
y :at ! floor (  heav5 is l4    ,:ile ! 
sn[ fell fa/]--)\t1 he /opp$ writ+1 &   
began idly  draw+ a map ( ,georgia on ! 
tan-b>k ) a /ick4 ,"h ! ,f$]al  troops  
c\ld effect a l&+3 he knew ! def5ces at 
t po9t4 ,if  !y did8 ,he ?\ght ( ^!     
,snake-hunt]s :o _h f\nd 9 ! w> a       
peculi> road = !mselves d[nw>d ) no     
gall[s to /umble ov]1  fanci$ he saw !m 
skulk+ ?r\gh ! fields at ,c$> ,creek1   
clos+  ar\nd ! h\se1 & beh9d !m a mass (
 black faces & bloody  bayonets4 ,floy  
alone1 & he "h1--l a rat 9 a trap6 ,god 
keep my  little girl6 he wrote1         
un/eadily4 ,god bless y1 ,floy6 ,he     
gasp$ =  brea?1 z if he _h be5 writ+ ) 8
 he>t's blood4 ,fold+ up !  pap]1 he hid
 x inside 8 %irt & began 8 dogg$ walk1  
calculat+  ! *ances ( escape4 ,once out 
( ?is %$1 he c\ld baffle a  blood-h\nd1 
he knew ! hills s well4    ,8 head b5t  
d[n1 he did n see a man :o /ood look+ at

 him ov]  ! wicket4 ,capta9 ,dorr4 ,a   
puny little man1 ) ?9 yell[ hair1 &     
womani% face3 b n ! less ! h]o ( 8      
m51--!y hav+ f\nd  out1 someh[1 t muscle
 0 n ! solide/ ?+ to travel on 9        
w>-times4 ,our regim5ts ( r\ghs 7 n     
altoge!r cr[n$ )  laurel at ,manassas6  
,s ! m5 built m on ! old ,grea!>t s\l  9
 ! man's blue eyes3 "o ( ^? s\ls born & 
br$ pure1 s5t to  tea*1 t c f9d brea?   
only 9 ! free ,nor?4 ,8 he>ty ,hillo6   
/>tl$ ,lam>4    ,h[ are y1 old fell[8 he
 said1 unlock+ ! gate & com+ 94    ,lam>
 ?rew (f 8 wret*$ ?\ghts1 glad to d x4  
,:at ne$ to  borr[ tr\ble8 ,he lik$ a   
laugh1--_h a lazy1 jolly humor ( 8 own4 
,dorr _h f9i%$ drill1 & come up1 z he   
did e day1 to fre%5  himself ) an h\r's 
talk to ?is w>m1 blund]+ fell[4 ,9 ?is  
dismal w>-"w1 7?\gh 8 :ole s\l 0 9 t1   
too17 x 0  l putt+ y\r h&s to a big     
blaze4 ,dorr _h no ne> relations2       
,lam>--!y _h play$ m>bles toge!r--/ood  
to him :]e a y\ng]  bro!r might h /ood4 
,yet1 z !y talk$1 he c\ld n help 8  ke5 

eye see+ him j z he 04    ,poor ,john6  
he ?\ght3 ! same unc\?-look+ ef=t (     
humanity t  he _h be5 at ,yale4 ,no     
wond] ! ,nor!rn boys je]$ him1 ) 8      
slo?-ways1 8 m\!d ,engli%1 torpid eyes1 
& bra9 %ut up 9 t  wor/ (               
mud-m\lds1--belief 9 ca/e4 ,ev5 n[1 go+ 
up & d[n !  tan-b>k1 8 /ep 0 dead1      
sodd51 l t ( a man 9 ^: life  ,god _h n 
yet wak5$ ! full live s\l4 ,x 0 wak5+1  
?\gh1  ,dorr ?\ght4 ,"s pa9 or passion 0
 br++ ! man 9 him out (  ! fle%1        
vigilant1 al]t1 aspirant4 ,a diff]5t man
 f ,dorr4    ,9 fact1 ,lam> 0 j beg9n+  
to ?9k = himself1 & ( c\rse  8 ?\ghts 7 
defiant1 intol]ant4 ,he did n compreh5d 
h[ 8  companion c\ld give 8 h]esies su* 
quiet welcome1 & pron\nce  s5t5ce ( dea?
 on !m s coolly4 ,because ,dorr _h gone 
f>!r up  ! m\nta91 _h he ! "r to make   
him foll[ 9 ! same /eps8  ,! "r1--t 0 x4
 ,by brute =ce1 too8 ,human fre$om1 eh8 
,consequ5tly1 _! talks 7 /ormy en\gh4   
,to-day1 h[ev]1 !y 7  on trivial matt]s4
    ,i've br\ght ! ,g5]al's ord] = y\r  

release at la/1 ,john4 ,x  conf9es y to 
?is di/rict1 h[ev]4    ,lam> %ook 8     
head4    ,no p>ole = me6 ,my /ake       
outside is too heavy = me to rema9 a    
prison] on any?+ b compulsion4 ,i mean  
to escape1 if ,i c4 ,floy  has nobody b 
me1 y "k1 ,*>ley4    ,!re 0 a mom5t's   
sil5ce4    ,i wi%1 said ,dorr1 half to  
himself1 ! *ild 0 ) h] c\s9  ,ru?4 ,if  
%e c\ld make h] a woman l h]self6    ,y 
are k9d1 ,lam> =c$ out1 ?9k+ ( :at might
 h be5 a  ye> ago4    ,dorr _h =gott54  
,he _h j kiss$ little ,ru? at !         
door-/ep1  com+ away3 ?9k+1 z he walk$  
up to camp1 h[ h] cle> ?\ght1  n>r[ z x 
01 0 mak+ 8 own high]1 m j2 wond]+ if  !
 te>s on h] face la/ night1 :5 %e got up
 f h] knees aft]  pray]1 might n help z 
mu* 9 ! great cause ( tru? z ! life  he 
0 ready to give4 ,he 0 s us$ to 8 little
 wife n[1 t he  c\ld look to no h\r ( 8 
pa/ life1 nor ( ! future com+ ages  (   
ev5t & "w1 :]e %e 0 n pres5t1--v fle% ( 
8 fle%1  he>t ( 8 he>t4 ,a gulf lay     
betwe5 !m & ! re/ ( ! _w4  ,x 0 h>dly   

probable he c\ld see h] z a woman t[>ds 
:om ano!r  man look$ across ! gulf1     
dumb1 hopeless1 defraud$ ( 8 "r4    ,%e 
s5t y "s fl[]s1 by ! way1 ,john1--! la/ 
9 !  y>d1--& bade me be sure & br+ y d[n
 ) me4 ,y\r own colors1  y see8--to put 
y 9 m9d ( home1--po9t+ to ! crimson a/]s
  flak$ ) sn[4    ,! man smil$ fa9tly3 !
 smell ( ! fl[]s *ok$ him3 he laid  !m  
aside4 ,god kn[s he 0 try+ to wr+ out   
?is bitt] old  ?\ght3 he c\ld n look 9  
,dorr's frank eyes :ile x 0 !re4  ,he   
mu/ escape to-night3 he nev] w\ld come  
ne> !m aga91 9 ?is  _w1 or beyond       
dea?1--nev]6 ,he ?\ght ( t l a man go+  
to  drag ?r\gh et]nity ) half 8 s\l     
gone4 ,v well3 !re 0 man  en\gh left 9  
him to "w hone/ly & bravely1 & to ?ank  
,god =  t good pure love he yet _h4 ,he 
turn$ to ,dorr ) a flu%$ face1  & began 
talk+ ( ,floy 9 he>ty e>ne/1--glanc+ at 
,b5 com+ up  ! hill1 ?9k+ t escape      
dep5d$ on him4    ,i ord]$ y\r man up1  
said ,capta9 ,dorr4 ,"s cant+           
,abolitioni/  _h him op5-m\!d d[n !re4  

,! negro came 91 & /ood 9 ! corn]1 li/5+
 :ile !y talk$4  ,a gigantic fell[1 ) a 
gladiator's muscles4 ,/rong] ?an t      
,yankee  capta91 he ?\ght1--?an ei!r (  
!m3 bett] brea!d1--draw+ !  air into 8  
brawny *e/4 ,a man & a bro!r4 ,did !    
fool ?9k he  didn't "k t be=e8 ,he _h a 
contempt = ,dave & 8 l4 ,lam>  w\ld h   
told y ,dave's words 7 true1 b despis$ !
 man z a  crude1 unlick$ bigot4 ,b5 did 
! same1 ) no words = ! idea4 ,!  negro  
in/9ct 9 him recogniz$ g5tle blood by   
any ( its signs1--!  transp>5t animal   
life1 ! retic5t eye1 ! ma/]$ voice3 he  
_h bett] m5 ?an ,lam> at home to le>n x 
f4 ,x is a trait (  s]fdom1 ! ke5 eye to
 measure ! inh]5t rights ( a man to be  
ma/]4 ,a negro or a ,ca?olic ,iri%man   
does n ne$ ,s>tor ,res>tus  to help him 
to see ?r\gh any clo!s4 ,b5 lean$1      
half-asleep1 aga9/  ! wall1 "s old      
?\ghts creep+ out ( _! hid+-places ?r\gh
  ! torpor1 l rats to ! sun%9e3 !       
boatman's slang _h be5 hot  & true en\gh
 to r\se !m 9 8 bra94    ,s1 ,b51 said 8

 ma/]1 z he pass$ once1 y\r fri5d has   
be5  p]suad+ y to ex*ange !             
cotton-fields at ,c$> ,creek =          
,new-,york  alleys1 eh8    ,ki6 laugh$  
,b51 :ite d>key4 ,m9d ole dad1 ,m>s'    
,john1 z took (f  9 d] swamp8 ,um ask$  
dat ,l9k9ite ef him saw dad up ,norf4   
,guess him's  free n[4 ,ki6 ole dad6    
,! swamp 0 ! place = him1 said ,lam>4 ,i
 rememb]4    ,dunno1 said ! negro1      
surlily3 him's dad1 af'er all3 t9k him's
 free  n[1--& mumbl$ d[n into a         
monoton\s drone ab\t      ,oh yo1 br$]n1
 is y] gw9e ob] ,jord]n8                
,half-asleep1 !y ?\ght1--b ) dull       
que/ion+s at "w 9 8  bra91 "s que]      
notions ab\t fre$om1 ( t unkn[n ,nor?1  
mo/ly  mix$ ) 8 remembrance ( 8 fa!r1 a 
vici\s old negro1 t 9  ,p5nsylvania w\ld
 h work$ out 8 salvation 9 ! "u cell (  
! p5it5ti>y1 b 9 ,georgia1 :ipp$ into   
h]oism1 _h betak5  himself into ! swamp1
 & nev] return$4 ,tradition among !     
,lam>  slaves said he _h got (f to      
,ohio1 ( :i* !y _h z cle> an idea  z mo/

 ( u h ( heav54 ,at any rate1 old ,kite 
became a my/]y1 to  be m5tion$ ) awe at 
fi%-bakes & b>becues4 ,he 0 ?is unc\?   
wret*'s fa!r1--d y und]/&8 ,!           
flabby-fac$ boy1 flogg$ 9  !            
cotton-field = :9+ aft] 8 dad1 or hid+  
away "p ( 8  flit* & molasses = mon?s 9 
hopes ! old man w\ld come back1 0  r a  
comical object1 y w\ld h ?\ght4 ,v      
diff]5t 81  f ! feel+ ) :i* y left y\r  
"m's grave1--?\gh z yet  we h n inv5t$  
names = ! emotions ( ^? p4 ,we'll grant 
t x hurt ,b5 a little1 h[ev]4 ,ev5 ! "y 
polypus1 :5 x is  torn f ! old "o1 ble$s
 a drop or two1 !y say4 ,z he grew up1  
! great ,nor? glimm]$ ?r\gh 8 ?\ght1 a  
sort ( big field1--a  p>adise ( no "w1  
no flogg+1 & :ite bread e day1 :]e !    
old man sat & ate 8 fill4    ,! second  
po9t 9 ,b5's hi/ory 0 t he fell 9 love4 
,j z  y did1--) ! diff]5ce1 ( c\rse3    
?\gh ! hot sun1 or !  p]petual foot ^u 8
 brea/1 does n make our black ,prome!us 
less  fi]ce 9 8 agony ( hope or jeal\sy 
?an y1 ,i am afraid4 ,x 0  ,nan1 a pale 

mulatto h\se-s]vant1 t ! field-h& took  
into 8  dull1 lonesome he>t to make life
 (1 ) true-love defiance ( ca/e4  ,i ?9k
 ,nan lik$ him v truly4 ,%e 0 lame &    
sickly1 & if ,b5  0 black & a pick]1 &  
/ay$ 9 ! qu>t]s1 he 0 /rong1 l  a ma/]  
to h] 9 "s ways3 ! only ?+ %e c\ld call 
h]s 9 !  _w 0 ! love ! clumsy boy gave  
h]4 ,:ite wom5 feel 9 t  way sometimes1 
& x makes !m v t5d] to m5 n _! equals4  
,h[ev]1 old ,mrs4 ,lam>1 be=e %e di$1   
gave h] h\se-s]vants _!  free pap]s1 &  
,nan 0 among !m4 ,s %e set (f1 ) all !  
f9]y  little ,floy c\ld give h]3 w5t up 
into t great1 dim ,nor?4 ,%e  nev] came 
aga94    ,! ,nor? swall[$ up all ,b5    
knew or felt outside ( 8 hot1 hat$  "w1 
8 dread ( a la%+ on ,saturday night4    
,all ! pleasure left  him 0 'possum &   
hom9y = ,sunday's d9n]4 ,x did n cont5t 
him4  ,! spasmodic religion ( !         
field-negro does n tea* endurance4 ,s  x
 came1 t ! sl[ tide ( discont5t ebb+ 9  
ev]ybody's he>t  t[>ds "s unrea*$ sea   
set 9 8 ignorant brood+ t[>ds t  vague  

c\ntry :i* ! only two :o c>$ = him _h   
f\nd4 ,if he  =got x ?r\gh ! dogg$1     
sultry days1 he rememb]$ x :5 !  ov]se] 
sc\rg$ ! dull tig]-look into 8 eyes1 or 
:51 husk+  corn ) ! o!rs at night1 !    
smo!r$ negro-s\l1 into :i*  _! ma/]s d>$
 n look1 broke out 9 _! wild1 melan*oly 
songs4  ,aimless1 unappeal+1 yet no     
pray] goes up to ,god m ke5 9 its       
pa?os4 ,y f9d1 p]haps1 9 ,bee?ov5's     
sev5? symphony ! secrets  ( y\r he>t    
made manife/1 & sudd5ly ?9k ( a ,some:]e
 to come1  :]e y\r hope waits = y ) late
 fulfilm5t4 ,d n laugh at ,b51  !n1 if  
he dully told 9 8 song ! /ory ( all he  
_h lo/1 or gave  to 8 heav5 a local     
habitation & a "n4    ,f ! place :]e he 
/ood n[1 z 8 ma/] & ,dorr walk$ up &    
d[n1 he c\ld see ! purpli% haze beyond  
:i* ! s5try _h told  him lay ! ,nor?4 ,!
 ,nor?6 ,j beyond ! ridge4 ,!re 0 a pa9 
9 8 head1 look+ at x2 8 n]ves grew cold 
& rigid1 z y\rs d  :5 some?+ wr+s y\r   
he>t %>ply3 = !re are n]ves 9 ^!  black 
c>casses1 ?ick]1 m quickly /ung to      

madness ?an y\rs4 ,yet  if any savage   
long+1 sm\ld]+ = ye>s1 0 heat+ to       
madness n[  9 8 bra91 !re 0 no sign ( x 
9 8 face4 ,vapid1 ) sordid  cont5t1 !   
huge jaws mun*+ tobacco sl[ly1 only n[ &
 !n !  beady eye %ot a %>p glance aft]  
,dorr4 ,! s5try _h told him !  ,nor!rn  
army _h come to set ! slaves free2 he   
wat*$ ! ,f$]al  (fic] ke5ly4    ,:at    
ails y1 ,b58 said 8 ma/]4 ,?9k+ ov] y\r 
fri5d's  s]mon8    ,b5's /olid laugh 0  
ready4    ,done =got dat1 ,m>s'4        
,w\ldn't g1 noh[4 ,s9ce ,m>s' sold dat  
cuss$  ,joe1 gorry good times 't home4  
,dam' ,abolition] say we ums all go9'   
,norf1--) a /eal?y glance at ,dorr4     
,t's m ?an y\r philan?ropy b>ga9s =1    
,*>ley1 laugh$  ,lam>4    ,! m5 /opp$2 !
 negro skulk$ ne>]1 8 :ole s5ses %>p5$  
into he>+4 ,dorr's cle> face 0 cl\d$4   
,?is slave "q mu/ be kept out ( ! w>4 ,x
 puts a false face  on x4    ,i ?\ght "o
 face 0 :at x ne$$1 said ,lam>4 ,y h too
 _m  slogans4 ,/rong gov]nm5t1 t>iff1   
,sumt]1 a bit ( bunt+1 elev5  doll>s a  

mon?4 ,x ought to be a vital tru? t w\ld
 give s\l &  vim to a body ) ! diff]+   
memb]s ( y\r army4 ,y1 ) y\r  ideal     
!ory1 & ,billy ,wilson ) 8 ',blood &    
,baltimore6' ,try human  fre$om4 ,t's   
high & %>p & broad4    ,b5 drew a /ep   
clos]4    ,y are %rewd1 ,lam>4 ,i am to 
g bel[ all con/itutions or exp$i5cy  or 
exi/+ rights1 & tell ,b5 "h t he is     
free8 ,:5 once !  ,gov]nm5t accepts t   
doctr9e1 y1 z a ,rebel1 mu/ be let      
alone4    ,! slave 0 hid back 9 ! %ade4 
,dorr1 said ,lam>1 y "k ,i'm a grop+1   
ignorant fell[1 b x  seems to me t prat+
 ( con/itutions & exi/+ rights is       
surface  talk2 !re is a broad           
common-s5se und]nea?1 by ^: laws ! _w   
is gov]n$1 :i* y\r /atesm5 don't t\*    
(t54 ,y 9 ! ,nor?1  9 y\r dream ( :at   
%all be1 %ut y\r eyes to :at is4 ,y want
 a  republic :]e e man's voice %all be  
he>d 9 ! c\ncil1 & !  majority %all     
rule4 ,grant+ t ! free population are   
educat$ to a  fitness = ?is1--7,god =bid
 ,i %\ld grant x ) ! ,snake-hunt]s  be=e

 my eyes67--look "h6    ,he turn$ r\nd1 
& drew ! slave out into ! light3 he     
cr\*$  d[n1 gap+ vacantly at !m4    ,!re
 is ,b54 ,:at1 9 ,god's "n1 w y d ) him8
 ,keep him a  slave1 & *att] ab\t       
self-gov]nm5t8 ,pah6 ,! c\ntry is pay+ 9
  blood = ! lie1 to-day4 ,educate him = 
fre$om1 by putt+ a musket  9 8 h&s8 ,we 
h ?is mass ( hea!ndom drift$ on our     
%ores by  y\r w z well z m9e4 ,try to   
br+ !m to a level ) ! :ites  by a wr5*1 
& y'll wak5 out ( y\r dream to a %>p    
reality4 ,y\r  ,nor!rn philosophy ought 
to be old en\gh to tea* y t spasms 9  ! 
body-politic %ake (f no atom (          
disease1--t re=m1 to be  endur+1 mu/ be 
pati5t1 gradual1 inflexible z ! ,great  
,re=m]4  ',! mills ( ,god1' ! old prov]b
 says1 'gr9d surely4' ,b1 ,dorr1  !y    
gr9d exce$+ sl[6    ,dorr wat*$ ,lam> ) 
an amus$ smile4 ,x pleas$ him to see 8  
bra9  wak+ up1 eag]1 vehem5t4 ,z = ,b51 
cr\*+ !re1 if !y talk$  ( him l a clod1 
he$less t 8 face deep5$ 9 /upor1 t 8    
eyes _h caught a /range1 gloomy         

trea*]y1--we all d ! same1 y  "k4       
,:at is y\r rem$y1 ,lam>8 ,y h no belief
 9 ! "r (  ,secession1 ,i "k1 said      
,dorr4    ,x's a bad in/rum5t = a good  
end4 ,let ! :ite ,georgian come out  ( 8
 slo?1 & ! black w rise ) him4 ,jeff]son
 ,davis may n  int5d x1 b ,god does4 ,:5
 we h our ,l[ell1 our ,new ,york1 :5 we 
are a self-su/a9+ p in/ead ( lazy       
l&-pr9ces1 ,b5 "h w  h climb$ ! second (
 ! great /eps ( ,humanity4 ,d y laugh at
  u8 said ,lam>1 ) a quiet              
self-reliance4 ,*>ley1 x ne$s only  "w &
 ambition to cut ! brute away f my face1
 & x w leave  traits v l y\r own4 ,b5's 
fa!r 0 a ,gu9ea feti*-wor%ipp]2  :5 we  
/& :]e ,new ,engl& does1 ,b5's son w be 
ready = 8  fre$om4    ,& :ile y !orize1 
laugh$ ,dorr1 ,i hold y a prison]1      
,john1  & ,b5 kn[s x is 8 "r to be free4
 ,he w n wait = !  gr9d+ ( ! mill1 ,i   
fancy4    ,lam> did n smile4 ,x 0       
womani% 9 ! man1 :5 ! life ( great      
nations hung 9 d\bt be=e !m1 to g back s
 con/antly to little  ,floy sitt+ 9 !   

lap ( h] old black maum]4 ,b he did     
x1--)  ! quick ?\ght t to-night he mu/  
escape1 t dea? lay 9 delay4    ,:ile    
,dorr talk$1 ,lam> glanc$ significantly 
at ,b54 ,! negro 0 n  sl[ to und]/&1--) 
a broad gr91 t\*+ 8 pocket1 f :i*       
project$ ! dull end ( a h&-saw4 ,i wond]
 :at sudd5 pa9 made !  negro rise j !n1 
& come close to 8 ma/]1 t\*+ him ) a    
/range affection & remorse 9 8 tir$     
face1 z ?\gh he _h done  him "s deadly  
wrong4    ,:at is x1 old fell[8 said    
,lam>1 9 8 boyi% way4 ,homesick1 eh8    
,!re's a little girl 9 ,georgia t w be  
glad to see y & y\r  ma/]1 & take       
preci\s good c>e ( u :5 %e gets u safe  
aga94  ,t's true1 ,b56 lay+ 8 h& k9dly  
on ! man's %\ld]1 :ile  8 eyes w5t w&]+ 
(f to ! hills ly+ ,s\?4    ,yes1 ,m>s'1 
said ,b51 9 a l[ voice1 sudd5ly br++ a  
black+-bru%1 & beg9n+ to poli% 8 ma/]'s 
%oes1--?9k+1  :ile he did x1 ( h[ (t5   
,m>s' ,john _h int]f]$ ) !  ov]se]s to  
save him f a flogg+1--7,lam>1 9 8 lazy  
way1  0 k9d to 8 slaves17--?9k+ ( little

 ,mi/' ,floy ) an odd  t5d]ness & awe1 z
 a gorilla might ( a :ite dove3 try+ to 
?9k  ?us1--! simple1 k9dly nature ( !   
negro /ruggl+ madly )  some?+ b5ea?1 new
 & horrible4 ,he und]/ood en\gh ( ! talk
 (  ! :ite m5 to "k t !re 0 no help =   
him1--none4 ,always a  slave4 ,nei!r y  
nor ,i c ev] "k :at ^? words meant to   
him4  ,! pale purple mi/ :]e ! ,nor? lay
 0 nev] to be pass$4 ,8  dull eyes turn$
 to x con/antly1--) a /range look1 su* z
 !  lo/ wom5 might h turn$ to ! door1 :5
 ,jesus %ut x3 !y  =ev] outside4 ,!re 0 
a way to help himself8 ,! /ubby black   
f+]s hold+ ! bru% grew cold &           
clammy1--not+ )al1 ! poor  wret* 9 8    
slavi% way1 t 8 ma/]'s clo!s 7 f9] ?an !
  ,nor!rn capta9's1 8 h&s :it]1 & pr\d t
 x 0 s1--hold+  ,lam>'s foot da9tily1   
try+ to see himself 9 ! %oe1 smoo?+ d[n 
! tr\s]s ) a boori%1 affectionate       
t\*1--) ! same fi]ce  :isp] 9 8 e>1     
,w\ld ! %oes ev] be clean$ aga98 w\ld ! 
foot move to-morr[8    ,x grew late4    
,lam>'s supp] 0 br\ght up f ,capta9     

,dorr's1 &  plac$ on ! b5*4 ,he p\r$ out
 a goblet ( wat]4    ,come1 ,*>ley1     
let's dr9k4 ,to ,lib]ty6 ,x is a w>-cry 
= ,satan or  ,mi*ael4    ,!y drank1     
laugh+1 :ile ,b5 /ood wat*+4 ,dorr turn$
 to g1 b  ,lam> call$ him back1--/ood   
re/+ 8 h& on 8 %\ld]3 he nev]  ?\ght to 
see him aga91 y "k4    ,look at ,ru?1   
yond]1 said ,dorr1 8 face light+4 ,%e is
 com+ to  meet u4 ,%e ?\ght y w\ld be ) 
me4    ,lam> look$ gravely d[n at ! l[  
field-h\se & ! figure at !  gate4 ,he   
?\ght he c\ld see ! small face & e>ne/  
eyes1 ?\gh x  0 f> (f1 & night 0 clos+4 
,%e is wait+ = y1 ,*>ley4 ,g d[n4 ,good 
night1 old *um6    ,if x co/ any ef=t to
 say x1 ,dorr saw no?+ ( x4    ,good    
night1 ,lam>6 ,i'll see y 9 ! morn+4    
,he l+]$4 ,8 old comrade look$ /rangely 
alone & desolate4    ,john6    ,:at is  
x1 ,dorr8    ,if ,i c\ld tell ! ,colonel
 y w\ld take ! oa?8 ,= ,floy's sake4    
,! man's r\gh face r$d5$4    ,y %\ld "k 
me bett]4 ,good bye4    ,well1 well1 y  
are mad4 ,h y no message = ,ru?8    ,!re

 0 a mom5t's sil5ce4    ,tell h] ,i say1
 ,god bless h]6    ,dorr /opp$ & look$  
ke5ly 9 8 face1--!n1 com+ back1 %ook    
h&s aga91 9 a diff]5t way f be=e1 speak+
 9 a l[]  voice1--    ,god help u all1  
,john6 ,good night6--& w5t sl[ly d[n !  
hill4    ,x 0 ne>ly night1 & bitt] cold4
 ,lam> /ood :]e ! sn[ drift$  9 on him1 
look+ out ?r\gh ! horizon-less gray4    
,come out o' dem cold1 ,m>s' ,john1 :9$ 
,b51 pull+ at 8 coat4    ,z ! night     
ga!r$1 ! negro 0 haunt$ ) a t]rifi$ wi% 
to be  k9d to 8 ma/]4 ,some?+ told him t
 ! "t 0 %ort4 ,"h &  !re ?r\gh ! f>     
night "s t5t-fire gl[$ 9 a cone ( ruddy 
haze1 ?r\gh :i* ! ?ick-fall+ sn[ %iv]$ l
 flakes (  light4 ,lam> wat*$ only !    
squ>e block ( %ad[ :]e ,dorr's h\se     
/ood4 ,! door op5$ at la/1 & a broad1   
*e]ful gleam %ot out  r$ d>ts across !  
:ite wa/e )\t2 !n he saw two figures g  
9 toge!r4 ,!y paus$ a mom5t2 he put 8   
head aga9/ ! b>s1  /ra9+ 8 eyes1 & saw t
 ! woman turn$1 %ad+ h] eyes  ) h] h&1 &
 look$ up to ! side ( ! m\nta9 :]e !    

gu>d-h\se lay1--) a k9dly look1 p]haps1 
= ! prison] out 9  ! cold4 ,a k9d look3 
t 0 all4 ,! door %ut on !m4 ,=ev]3 s1   
good night1 ,ru?6    ,he /ool !re = an  
h\r or two1 lean+ 8 head aga9/ ! muddy  
planks1 smok+4 ,p]haps1 9 8 co>se       
fa%ion1 he took ! tr\ble (  8 manhood   
back to ! same ,god he us$ to pray to   
long ago4 ,:5 he  turn$ at la/1 & spoke1
 x 0 ) a quiet1 /rong voice1 l "o  :o   
w\ld fight ?r\gh life 9 a manly way4    
,!re 0 a grat+ s\nd  at ! back ( ! %$3 x
 0 ,b51 saw+ ?r\gh ! wicket1 !  gu>d    
hav+ l\ng$ (f to supp]4 ,lam> wat*$ him1
 notic+ t !  negro 0 unusually sil5t4 ,!
 plank spl9t]$1 & hung loose4    ,done  
gone1 ,m>s' ,john1 n[1--leav+ x1 &      
beg9n+ to repl5i%  ! fire4    ,t's "r1  
,b54 ,we'll />t 9 ! morn+4 ,t s5try at  
two  o'clock sleeps regul>ly4    ,b5    
*uckl$1 heap+ up ! /icks4    ,g on d[n  
to ! camp1 z usual4 ,at two1 ,b51       
rememb]6 ,we w be  free to-night1 old   
boy6    ,! black face look$ up f !      
clogg+ smoke ) a curi\s />e4    ,ki6    

we'll be free to-night1 ,m>s'6--gulp+ 8 
brea?4    ,soon aft]1 ! s5try unlock$ ! 
gate1 & he %ambl$ (f out into  ! night4 
,lam>1 left alone1 w5t clos] to ! fire1 
& work$ busily  at "s pap]s he drew f 8 
pocket3 maps & s*$ules4 ,he int5d$  to  
write until two o'clock2 b ! blaze dy+  
d[n1 he wrapp$ 8  blanket ab\t him1 &   
lay d[n on ! heap$ /raw1 go+ on         
sleepily1  9 8 bra91 ) 8 calculations4  
,! negro1 9 ! %ad[ ( ! %$1 wat*$ him4 ,a
 vague fe> beset  him1--( ! va/1 :ite   
cold1--! gl[]+ m\nta9s1--( himself2  he 
clung to ! famili> face1 l a man drift+ 
out into an unkn[n  sea1 clut*+ "s relic
 ( ! %ore4 ,:5 ,lam> fell asleep1 he    
w&]$ unc]ta9ly t[>ds ! t5ts4 ,! _w _h   
gr[n new1  /range2 0 he ,b51 pick+      
cotton 9 ! swamp-edge8--plung+ 8  f+]s )
 a %udd] 9 ! icy drifts4 ,d[n 9 ! gl[+  
torpor (  ! ,santilla flats1 :]e ! ,lam>
 plantations lay1 ,b5 _h slept (f  z    
madd5+ hung] = life & fre$om z ?is (    
to-day2 b "h1  ) ! w9t] air /++ e n]ve  
to life1 ) ! p]petual  my/]y ( ! m\nta9s

 t]rify+ 8 be/ial nature d[n1 !  /r5g? (
 ! man /ood up3 grop+1 bl9d1 malignant1 
x may be2 b  ^: fault 0 t8 ,he 0        
half-froz53 ! physical pa9 %>p5$  ! ke5 
d\bt conqu]+ 8 ?\ght4 ,he sat d[n 9 !   
cru/$ sn[1  look+ vacantly ab\t him1 a  
man1 at la/1--b wak5+1 l a  new-born    
s\l1 into a _w ( unutt]able solitude4   
,wak5$ dully1  sl[ly2 sitt+ !re f> into 
! night1 pond]+ /upidly on 8 old  life2 
cru%+ d[n & out ! old p>asite affection 
= 8 ma/]1  ! old fe>s1 ! old weight     
?reat5+ to press out 8 ?9 life2  ! muddy
 blood heat+1 fir+ ) ! same h]oic dream 
t bade  ,tell & ,g>ibaldi lift up _! h&s
 to ,god1 & cry al\d t !y  7 m5 & free3 
! same1--,god-giv51 burn+ 9 ! imbrut$   
ve9s  ( a ,gu9ea slave4 ,to :at end8    
,may ,god be m]ciful to ,am]ica :ile  %e
 answ]s ! "q6 ,he sat1 rubb+ 8 crack$1  
ble$+ feet1  glanc+ /eal?ily at ! s\!rn 
hills4 ,beyond !m lay all t 0  pa/2 9 an
 h\r he w\ld foll[ ,lam> back to--:at8  
,he lift$ 8  h&s up to ! sky1 9 8 silly 
way sobb+ hot te>s4 ,gor-a'mighty1      

,m>s' ,"l1 ,i'se tir$1 0 all ! pray] he 
made4 ,! pale purple  mi/ 0 gone f !    
,nor?2 ! ridge beh9d :i* love1 fre$om   
wait$1 /ruck black across ! sky1 a wall 
( iron4 ,he look$ at x  dre>ily4 ,utt]ly
 alone3 he _h always be5 alone4 ,he got 
up at la/1  ) a sigh4    ,x's a big     
_w1--) a bitt] *uckle1--b d]'s no room 9
 x  fur poor ,b54    ,he dragg$ himself 
?r\gh ! sn[ to a light 9 a t5t :]e a    
voice 9 a wild drone1 l t he _h he>d at 
negro camp-meet+s1  attract$ him4 ,he   
did n g 93 /ood at ! t5t-door1 li/5+4   
,two  or ?ree ( ! gu>d /ood ar\nd1 lean+
 on _! muskets2 9 !  vivid fire-light   
rose ! gaunt figure ( ! ,ill9ois        
boatman1 sway+  to & fro z he prea*$4 ,=
 ! m5 7 hone/1 ,god-fe>+ s\ls1  memb]s (
 ! same *ur*1 & ,dave1 9 all integrity (
 purpose1 read  al\d to !m1--! cry (    
,j]emiah aga9/ ! f\l spl5dors ( !  doom$
 city1--wav+1 z he spoke1 8 bony arm to 
! ,s\?4 ,! %rill  voice 0 t ( a man     
wre/l+ ) 8 ,mak]4 ,! negro's fir$  bra9 
caught ! t]rible mean+ ( ! words1--f\nd 

spee* 9 x3  ! wide1 d>k night1 ! solemn 
sil5ce ( ! m51 7 only fitt+  audi5ce4   
,! man caught sight ( ! slave1 &1 lay+  
d[n 8 book1 began "o  ( ^? /range       
exhortations 9 ! mann] ( 8 sect4 ,sl[ at
 fir/1  full ( unutt]able pity4 ,!re 0  
room = pity4 ,po9t+ to ! human  brute   
cr\*+ !re1 made once 9 ! image (        
,god1--! sadde/  wreck on ,8 gre5       
foot-/ool3 to ! great /eal?y body1 !    
rev5geful jaws1 ! =ebod+ eyes4 ,s\l1    
bra9s1--a man1 wifeless1  homeless1     
nationless1 hawk$1 flung f trad] to     
trad] = a h&ful  ( dirty %9pla/]s4 ,"l  
,god ( ho/s1 cri$ ! man1 lift+ up  8    
trembl+ h&s1 lay n ?is s9 to our *>ge6  
,!re 0 a sc>  on ,b5's back :]e ! la% _h
 buri$ itself3 x /ung n[ 9 !  cold4 ,he 
pull$ 8 clo!s tight]1 t !y %\ld n see x2
 !  sc> & ! words burn$ into 8 he>t3 !  
*ildi% nature ( ! man  0 gone2 ! vague  
d>kness 9 x took a %ape & "n4 ,! boatman
  _h be5 pray+ = him2 ! l[ words seem$  
to %ake ! night3--    ,he> ! pray] ( ,?y
 s]vant1 & 8 supplications6 ,is n ?is   

:at  ,?\ ha/ *os53 to loose ! b&s1 to   
undo ! heavy burd5s1 & let  ! oppress$ g
 free8 ,o ,"l1 he>6 ,o ,"l1 he>k5 & d6  
,def] n  = ,?9e own sake1 ,o my ,god6   
,:at %all ,i d8 said ! slave1 /&+ up4   
,! boatman pac$ sl[ly to & fro1 8 voice 
*ord+ 9 its dull  monotone ) ! smo!r$   
savage mutt]+ 9 ! negro's bra94    ,!   
day ( ! ,"l come?2 x is nigh at h&4 ,:o 
c abide x8 ,:at  sai? ! prophet         
,j]emiah8 ',take up a burd5 aga9/ !     
,s\?4 ,cry  al\d1 sp>e n4 ,woe unto     
,babylon1 = ! day ( h] v5geance is      
come1 ! day ( h] visitation6 ,call      
toge!r ! ar*]s aga9/  ,babylon2 camp    
aga9/ x r\nd ab\t2 let none !re( escape4
  ,recomp5se h]3 z %e ha? done unto my  
p1 be x done unto h]4  ,a sword is ^u   
,babylon3 x %all break 9 pieces ! %eph]d
 & 8  flock1 ! man & ! woman1 ! "y man &
 ! maid4 ,i w r5d]  unto h] ! evil %e   
ha? done 9 my sight1 sai? ! ,"l4'    ,x 
0 ! voice ( ,god3 ! sc> burn$ fi]c]2 !  
slave came =w>d  boldly1--    ,m>s'er1  
:at %all ,i d8    ,give ! poor devil a  

musket1 said "o ( ! m54 ,let him come ) 
u1 & /rike a bl[ = fre$om4    ,he took a
 knife f 8 belt1 & ?rew x to him1 !n    
saunt]$ (f  to 8 t5t4    ,a bl[ =       
fre$om8 mumbl$ ,b51 tak+ x up4    ,let u
 s+ to ! praise ( ,god1 said ! boatman1 
! sixty-eigh?  psalm1 l9+ x out :ile !y 
sang1--! scatt]$ m5 jo9+1  p>tly to keep
 !mselves awake4 ,9 old times ,david's  
h>p *>m$ away  ! demon f a human he>t4  
,x r\s$ "o n[1 nev] to be laid aga94  ,a
 dull1 dron+ *ant1 tell+ h[ ! ,god (    
,v5geance rode ^u !  w9d1 swift to loose
 ! fett]s ( ! *a9$1 to make des]t !     
rebelli\s l&2 ) a *orus1 or refra91 9   
:i* ,b5's wild1  melan*oly cry s\nd$ l !
 wail ( an av5g+ _s3--      ,t 9 ! blood
 ( enemies      ,?y foot imbru$ may be3 
,& ( ?y dogs dipp$ 9 ! same      ,!     
tongues ?\ maye/ see4    ,! mean+ ( t 0 
pla92 he sang x l[] & m /eadily ea*  "t1
 8 body sway+ 9 cad5ce1 ! glitt] 9 8 eye
 m /eely4    ,lam>1 asleep 9 8 prison1 0
 wak5$ by ! f>-(f pla9tive song3  he    
r\s$ himself1 lean+ on "o elb[1 li/5+ ) 

a half-smile4 ,x  0 ,naomi !y sang1 he  
?\ght1--an old-fa%ion$ ,me?odi/ air t   
,floy _h caught f ! negroes1 & us$ to s+
 to him sometimes4  ,e night1 d[n at    
home1 %e w\ld come to 8 p>lor-door to   
say  good-night3 he ?\ght he c\ld see ! 
little figure n[ 9 its :ite  nightg[n1 &
 he> ! b>e feet patt]+ on ! matt+4 ,:5  
he 0  alone1 %e w\ld come 91 & sit on 8 
lap a:ile1 & kneel d[n  be=e %e w5t     
away1 h] head on 8 knee1 to say h]      
pray]s1 z %e  call$ x4 ,only ,god knew  
h[ _m times he _h rema9$ alone aft]     
he>+ ^? pray]s1 sav$ f nights ( drunk5  
debau*4 ,he ?\ght  he felt ,floy's pure 
little h& on 8 =ehead n[1 z if %e 7     
say+ h] usual ,good night1 ,bud4 ,he lay
 d[n to sleep aga91 ) a  g5ial smile on 
8 face1 li/5+ to ! hymn4    ,x's ! same 
,god1 he said1--,floy's & !irs4         
,outside1 z he slept1 a d>k figure wat*$
 him4 ,! song ( ! m5  ceas$4 ,midnight1 
:ite & sil5t1 cov]$ ! e>?4 ,he c\ld he> 
only ! sl[ brea?+ ( ! sleep]4 ,b5's     
black face grew a%y pale1  b he did n   

tremble1 z he crept1 cat-l1 up to !     
wicket1 8  blubb] lips ap>t1 ! :ite tee?
 cl5*$4    ,x's = ,fre$om1 ,m>s' ,"l6 he
 gasp$1 look+ up to ! sky1 z if  he     
expect$ an answ]4 ,gor-a'mighty1 x's =  
,fre$om6 ,& w5t 94    ,a belat$ bird    
swoop$ ?r\gh ! cold moonlight into !    
valley1 &  vani%$ 9 ! f> m\nta9-cliffs )
 a l[1 fe>+ cry1 z ?\gh  x _h pass$     
?r\gh ,hades4    ,!y _h brok5 d[n !     
wicket3 he saw !m lay ! heavy body on ! 
lumb] outside1 ! black figures hurry+   
ov] ! sn[4 ,he laugh$  l[1 savagely1    
wat*+ !m4 ,free n[6 ,! be/ ( !m despis$ 
him2  ! ye>s pa/ ( cruelty & oppression 
turn$ back1 fus$ 9 a sl[1  deadly curr5t
 ( rev5ge & hate1 aga9/ ! race t _h     
trodd5  him d[n4 ,he felt ! iron muscles
 ( 8 f+]s1 look$ close at !  glitt]+    
knife he held1 *uckl+ at ! /range smell 
x bore4 ,w\ld  ! ,ill9ois boatman blame 
him1 if x madd5$ him8 ,& if ,b5 took !  
fancy to put x to 8 ?roat1 :at "r has he
 to compla98 ,has n he  also be5 a      
dwell] 9 ,babylon8 ,he hesitat$ a mom5t 

9 ! cleft (  ! hill1 *oos+ 8 way1       
exultantly4 ,he did n wat* ! ,nor? n[2  
! quiet old dream ( cont5t 0 gone2 8    
?ick blood ?robb$ &  surg$ ) passions ( 
:i* y & ,i "k no?+3 he _h a lo/ life  to
 av5ge4 ,8 native air1 torrid1 heavy )  
lat5t impurity1 drew him  back3 a fitt] 
brea? ?an ?is cold sn[ = ! animal 9 8   
body1  ! demon 9 8 s\l1 to triumph &    
wall[ 94 ,he pant$1 ?9k+ (  ! saffron   
hues ( ! ,santilla flats1 ( ! :ite1     
/ately dwell+s1  ! m5 t w5t 9 & out f   
!m1 quiet1 dom9ant1--feel+ !  edge ( 8  
knife4 ,x 0 8 turn to be ma/] n[6 ,he   
pl\gh$ 8 way  dogg$ly ?r\gh !           
sn[1--pant+1 z he w5t1--a hott] gl[ 9 8 
gloomy eyes4 ,x 0 8 turn = pleasure n[3 
he w\ld h 8 fill6  ,_! w9e & _! g>d5s   
&----,he did n ne$ to *oose a wife  f 8 
own color n[4 ,he /opp$1 ?9k+ ( little  
,floy1 ) h]  curls & great li/5+ eyes1  
wat*+ at ! door = h] bro!r4  ,he _h     
wat*$ h] climb up into 8 arms & kiss 8  
*eek4 ,%e nev]  w\ld d t aga96 ,he      
laugh$ al\d1 %rilly4 ,by ,god6 %e %\ld  

keep  ! kiss = o!r lips6 ,:y %\ld he n  
say x8    ,up on ! hill ! night-air     
?robb$ cold] & holi]4 ,! gu>ds  /ood    
ab\t 9 ! sn[1 sil5t1 tr\bl$4 ,?is 0 n l 
a dea? 9  battle3 x put !m 9 m9d ( home1
 someh[4 ,all t ! dy+ man  said 01      
,wat]1 n[ & !n4 ,he _h be5 sleep+1 :5   
/ruck1  & nev] _h ?or\ghly wak5$ f 8    
dream4 ,capta9 ,poole1 ( !              
,snake-hunt]s1 _h wrapp$ him 9 8 own    
blanket1 f9d+ no?+ m  c\ld be done4 ,he 
w5t (f to h ! ,colonel summon$ n[1      
mutt]+  t x 0 a damn$ %ame4 ,!y put sn[ 
to ,lam>'s lips con/antly1  be+ hot &   
p>*$2 a woman1 ,dorr's wife1 0 cr\*+ on 
! gr\nd  beside him1 *af+ 8 h&s1 keep+  
d[n h] sobs = fe> !y w\ld  di/urb him4  
,he op5$ 8 eyes at la/1 & knew ,dorr1 :o
 held 8  head4    ,unfa/5 my coat1      
,*>ley4 ,:at makes x s close "h8        
,dorr c\ld n speak4    ,%all ,i lift y  
up1 ,capta9 ,lam>8 ask$ ,dave ,hall1 :o 
/ood lean+  on 8 rifle4    ,he spoke 9 a
 subdu$ tone1 ,babylon be+ f> (f = !    
mom5t4 ,lam>  doz$ aga9 be=e he c\ld    

answ]4    ,don't try to move him1--x is 
too late1 said ,dorr1 %>ply4    ,!      
moonlight /eep$ m\nta9 & sky 9 a fre%   
:it5ess4 ,lam>'s  face1 pal+ e mom5t1   
h>d5+1 look$ 9 x l "s solemn "w  ( an   
untaught sculptor4 ,!re 0 a brea?less   
sil5ce4 ,ru?1 kneel+  beside him1 felt 8
 h& gr[ sl[ly cold] ?an ! sn[4 ,he      
moan$1  8 voice go+ fa/1--    ,at two1  
,b51 old fell[6 ,we'll be free to-night6
    ,dave1 /oop+ to wrap ! blanket1 felt
 8 h& wet3 he wip$ x )  a %udd]4    ,z  
he ha? done unto ,my p1 be x done unto  
him6 he mutt]$1 b  ! words did n com=t  
him4    ,lam> mov$1 half-smil+4    ,t's 
"r1 ,floy4 ,:at is x %e says8 ',n[ ,i   
lay me d[n'----,i  =get4 ,good night4   
,kiss me1 ,floy4    ,he wait$1--look$ up
 uneasily4 ,dorr look$ at 8 wife3 %e    
/oop$1  & kiss$ 8 lips4 ,*>ley smoo!d   
back ! hair f ! damp face  ) z t5d] a   
t\* z a woman's4 ,0 he dead8 ,! :ite    
moonlight  0 n m /ill ?an ! calm face4  
,sudd5ly ! night-air 0 %att]$ by a wild1
 rev5geful laugh f  ! hill4 ,! dep>t+   

s\l ru%$ back1 at ! s\nd1 to life1 full 
consci\sness4 ,lam> />t$ f _! hold1--sat
 up4    ,x 0 ,b51 he said1 sl[ly4    ,9 
t dy+ fla% ( compreh5sion1 x may be1 !  
wrongs ( ! :ite  man & ! black /ood     
cle>] to 8 eyes ?an ours3 ! two lives   
trampl$ d[n4 ,! /]n face ( ! boatman b5t
 ov] him3 he 0  try+ to /an* ! fl[+     
blood4 ,lam> look$ at him3 ,hall saw no 
bitt]ness 9 ! look1--a quiet1 sad "q r1 
be=e :i* 8  s\l lay b>e4 ,he felt ! cold
 h& t\* 8 %\ld]1 saw ! pale  lips move4 
,0 ?is well done8 !y said4    ,be=e     
,lam>'s eyes ! r\nd$ ar* ( gray rec$$1  
fad$ into d>k2  ! negro's fi]ce laugh   
fill$ 8 e>3 "s w(ul ?\ght at ! s\nd     
wrung 8 s\l1 z x halt$ at ! gate4 ,x    
caught at ! simple fai?  8 "m taught    
him4    ,yea1 he said al\d1 ?\gh ,i walk
 ?r\gh ! valley ( ! %ad[ (  dea?1 ,i w  
fe> no evil2 = ,?\ art ) me4    ,dorr   
g5tly drew d[n ! uplift$ h&4 ,he 0 dead4
    ,x 0 a manly s\l1 said ! ,nor!rn    
capta91 8 voice *ok+1 z  he /raight5$ ! 
limp hair4    ,he tru/$ 9 ,god8 ,a      

/range delusion6 mutt]$ ! boatman4      
,yet he did n l t !y %\ld leave him     
alone ) ,lam>1 z  !y did1 go+ d[n =     
help4 ,he pac$ to & fro1 8 rifle on 8   
%\ld]1 arm+ 8 he>t ) /r5g? to accompli% 
! v5geance  ( ! ,"l aga9/ ,babylon4 ,yet
 he c\ld n =get ! murd]$ man  sitt+ !re 
9 ! calm moonlight1 ! dead face turn$   
t[>ds !  ,nor?1--! dead face1 :]eon     
little ,floy's te>s %\ld nev] fall4  ,! 
grave1 unmov+ eyes seem$ to ! boatman to
 turn to him ) !  same awful "q4 ,0 ?is 
well done8 !y said4 ,he ?\ght 9  et]nity
 !y w\ld rise be=e him1 sad1 unansw]$4  
,! e>?1 he  fanci$1 lay :it]1 cold]1--! 
heav5 f>!r (f2 ! w>1 :i* _h  become a   
daily bus9ess1 /ood sudd5ly be=e him 9  
all its t]rible  mean+4 ,god1 he ?\ght1 
_h met 9 judgm5t ) ,8 p4 ,yet he  utt]$ 
no cry ( v5geance aga9/ ! doom$ city4 ,)
 ! dead face  be=e him1 he b5t 8 eyes to
 ! gr\nd1 humble1 unc]ta91--speak+  out 
( ! ignorance ( 8 own weak1 human s\l4  
,! day ( ! ,"l is nigh1 he said2 x is at
 h&2 & :o c  abide x8          ,,m\nta9 

,,pictures4      ,,ii4    ,,monadnock   
,,f ,,wa*uset4        ,i w\ld ,i 7 a    
pa9t]1 = ! sake      ,( a sweet picture1
 & ( h] :o l$1      ,a fitt+ guide1 )   
light1 b rev]5t tread1    ,into t m\nta9
 my/]y6 ,fir/ a lake      ,t9t$ )       
sunset2 next ! wavy l9es        ,( f>   
rec$+ hills2 & yet m f>1      ,monadnock
 lift+ f 8 night ( p9es        ,8 rosy  
=ehead to ! ev5+ />4    ,beside u1      
purple-zon$1 ,wa*uset laid    ,8 head   
aga9/ ! ,we/1 ^: w>m light made         
,8 aureole2 & o'er him1 %>p & cle>1     
,l a %aft ( lightn+ 9 mid laun*+ /ay$1  
,a s+le level cl\d-l9e1 %one ^u      ,by
 ! fi]ce glances ( ! sunk5 sun1         
,m5ac$ ! d>kness ) its gold5 spe>6      
,s twilight deep5$ r\nd u4 ,/ill & black
    ,! great woods climb$ ! m\nta9 at   
our back2    ,& on _! skirts1 :]e yet ! 
l+]+ day    ,on ! %orn gre5ness ( !     
cle>+ lay1      ,! br[n old f>m-h\se l a
 bird's ne/ hung4    ,) home-life s\nds 
! des]t air 0 /irr$3    ,! bleat ( %eep 
along ! hill we he>d1    ,! bucket pla%+

 9 ! cool1 sweet well1    ,! pa/ure-b>s 
t clatt]$ z !y fell2    ,dogs b>k$1 f[ls
 flutt]$1 cattle l[$2 ! gate    ,( !    
b>n-y>d creak$ b5ea? ! m]ry weight      
,( sun-br[n *ildr51 li/5+1 :ile !y      
swung1        ,! welcome s\nd (         
supp]-call to he>2        ,& d[n ! %ad[y
 lane1 9 t9kl+s cle>1      ,! pa/oral   
curfew ( ! c[-bell rung4    ,?us soo!d &
 pleas$1 our backw>d pa? we took1       
,prais+ ! f>m]'s home4 ,he only spake1  
,look+ into ! sunset o'er ! lake1       
,l "o to :om ! f>-(f is mo/ ne>3        
,yes1 mo/ folks ?9k x has a pleasant    
look2      ,i love x = my good old "m's 
sake1        ,:o liv$ & di$ "h 9 ! peace
 ( ,god6      ,! lesson ( 8 words we    
pond]$ o'er1    ,z sil5tly we turn$ !   
ea/]n flank    ,( ! m\nta91 :]e its %ad[
 deepe/ sank1    ,d\bl+ ! night along   
our rugg$ road3    ,we felt t man 0 m   
?an 8 abode1--      ,! inw>d life ?an   
,nature's raim5t m2    ,& ! w>m sky1 !  
sund[n-t9t$ hill1      ,! =e/ & ! lake1 
seem$ dw>f$ & dim    ,be=e ! sa9tly s\l1

 ^: human w        ,meekly 9 ! ,et]nal  
foot/eps trod1    ,mak+ h] homely toil &
 h\sehold ways    ,an e>?ly e*o ( ! song
 ( praise      ,swell+ f angel lips &   
h>ps ( s]aphim6                         
,,individuality4      ,at a c]ta9 dep?1 
z has already be5 intimat$ 9 our        
lit]ature1  all bosoms communicate1 all 
he>ts are "o4 ,hector & ,ajax1 9 ,hom]'s
  great picture1 /& face to face1 ea* ) 
advanc$ foot1 )  levell$ spe>1 & turgid 
s9ew1 eag] to kill1 :ile on ei!r side   
t5 ?\s& slaught]\s wi%es poise !mselves 
9 hot brea/s1  wait+ to fly ) ! fly+    
weapons2 yet1 ?\gh ! combatants  seem to
 surr5d] !mselves :olly to ?is action1  
!re is 9 ea* a  pr(\nd elem5t t is no   
p>ty to ^! ho/ilities4 ,x is ! pure     
nature ( man4 ,ajax is n all ,greek1 nor
 is ,hector :olly ,trojan3 bo?  are also
 m52 & to ! ext5t ( _! mutual           
p>ticipation 9 ?is  pure & p]petual     
elem5t ( ,manhood1 !y are m ?an fri5ds1 
m ?an relatives1--!y are ( id5tical _s4 
,= !re is an  imp]i%able nature ( ,man1 

ev] & ev]y:]e ! same1 ( :i* ea*         
p>ticul> man is a te/imony &            
repres5tation4 ,z ! solid e>?  und]runs 
! dissociat+ sea--,oceano               
dissociabili--& jo9s 9  "o all sund]$   
l&s1 s does ?is nature dip b5ea? !      
divid+  p>ts ( our be+1 & make ( all m5 
"o simple & insep>able  humanity4 ,9    
love1 9 fri5d%ip1 9 true conv]sation1 9 
all happ9ess  ( communion betwe5 m51 x  
is ?is un*angeable sub/ratum or         
sub/ance ( man's be+ t is effici5t &    
supreme3 out (  div]s bosoms1 ,same     
calls1 & replies to ,same ) a great joy 
( self-recognition4 ,x is only 9 virtue 
( ?is nature t m5  und]/&1 appreciate1  
admire1 tru/ ea* o!r1--t books ( !      
e>lie/ times rema9 true 9 ! late/1--t   
society is possible2 &  he 9 :om !      
virtue ( x dwells div9ely is admitt$ to 
! secret  confid5ce ( all bosoms1 lives 
9 all times1 & conv]ses ) ea*  s\l & age
 9 its own v]nacul>4 ,socrates look$    
beyond ! gates (  dea? = happy communion
 ) ,hom] & all ! great2 b already we    

int]*ange words ) ^!1 :5ev] we are s    
sweetly prosp]$ z to  become1 9 "s good 
degree1 id5tical ) ! absolute nature (  
man4    ,n only1 moreov]1 is ?is        
immortal sub/ance ( man's be+ common &  
social1 b x is s great & v5]able t no "o
 c mat* x  ) an equal report4 ,all !    
epi!ts by :i* we w\ld extol x  are      
disgrac$ by x1 z ! mo/ brilliant        
artificial lights become  blackness :5  
plac$ betwe5 ! eye & ! noonday sun4 ,x  
is old]1  x is e>li] 9 exi/5ce ?an !    
e>lie/ /> t %one 9 heav52  & x w outlive
 ! fix$ />s t n[ 9 heav5 seem fix$      
=ev]4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! creat$ univ]se ( 
:i* x 0 n  ! prophecy 9 its primal      
conception2 !re is no?+ ( :i* x is  n ! 
int]pretation & ultimatum 9 its f9al =m4
 ,! laws :i*  rule ! _w z =ces are1 9 x1
 ?\ghts & lib]ties4 ,all !  gr&         
imag9ations ( m51 all ! glorifi$ %apes1 
! ,olympian gods1  *]ubic & s]aphic =ms1
 are b symbols & adumbrations ( :at x   
conta9s4 ,z ! sun1 hav+ set1 /ill leaves
 its gold5 impress on !  cl\ds1 s does !

 absolute nature ( man ?r[ up & pa9t1 z 
x  71 on ! sky te/imonies ( its p[]1    
rema9+ itself unse54  ,only1 !re=e1 is  
"o a poet1 z he c cause p>ticul> traits 
&  ev5ts1 )\t violation ( _! special "*1
 or concealm5t  ( _! peculi> int]e/1 to 
be> ! deep1 sweet1 & inf9ite  sugge/ion 
( ?is4 ,all pr9cel9ess & imp]ial wor?1  
all t is  regal1 beautiful1 pure 9 m51  
comes f ?is nature2 & ! words  by :i* we
 express rev]5ce1 admiration1 love1     
borr[ f x _!  entire =ce3 s9ce rev]5ce1 
admiration1 love1 & all o!r gr&         
s5tim5ts1 are b modes or =ms ( noble    
unification betwe5 m51  & are !re=e %[n 
to spr+ f t spiritual unity ( :i*       
p]sons are expon5ts2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 
all evil epi!ts  sugge/ division &      
sep>ation4 ,( ?is nature all titles (   
honor1 all  symbols t comm& homage &    
ob$i5ce on e>?1 are p5sion]s4 ,h[  c\ld 
! claims ( k+s survive successions (    
,/u>ts & ,georges1  b = a royalty 9 ea* 
peasant's bosom t pleads = its poor     
image  on ! ?rone8    ,9 ! high s5se1 no

 man is great save he t is a l>ge       
cont95t (  ?is absolute humanity4 ,!    
common nature ( man x is2 yet ^? are    
ev]1 & 9 ! happie/ s5se1 uncommon m51 9 
:om x is lib]ally  pres5t4    ,b e man1 
besides ! nature :i* con/itutes him man1
 has1 s to  speak1 ano!r nature1 :i*    
con/itutes him a p>ticul> individual4   
,he  is n only l all o!rs ( 8 k9d1 b1 at
 ! same "t1 unlike  all o!rs4 ,by       
physical & m5tal feature he is di/+ui%$1
  insulat$2 he is end[$ ) a quality s   
purely 9 contra/ ) !  common nature (   
man1 t 9 virtue ( x he c be s+l$ out f  
hundr$s ( millions1 f all ! myriads ( 8 
race4 ,s f>1 n[1 z  "o is repres5tative 
( absolute humanity1 he is a ,p]son2 s  
f>  z1 by an elem5t peculi> to himself1 
he is contra/$ ) absolute  humanity1 he 
is an ,individual4 ,& hav+ duly *ant$   
our ,cr$o  conc]n+ man's pure & public  
nature1 let u n[ inquire respect+  ?is  
divid+ elem5t ( ,individuality1--:i*1 ) 
all ! =ce x  has1 /rives to cut (f      
communication1 to de/roy unity1 & to    

make (  humanity a *aos or du/ ( bip$   
atoms4    ,n = a mom5t mu/ we make ?is  
surface nature ( equal e/imation  ) !   
o!r4 ,x is second>y1 v second>y1 to !   
pure sub/ance  ( man4 ,! ,p]son fir/ 9  
ord] ( importance2 ! ,individual next1--
      ,proximus huic1 longo s$ proximus 
int]vallo1--      next ) an exce$+ wide 
remove4    ,take f ,epam9ondas or ,lu!r 
all t makes him man1 & !  re/ w n be    
wor? sell+ to ! ,jews4 ,individuality is
 an  accompanim5t1 an accessory1 a r$   
l9e on ! map1 a f5ce ab\t !  field1 a   
copyright on ! book4 ,x is l ! p>ticul> 
flavors (  fruits1--( no acc\nt b 9     
relation to _! sac*>9e1 acid1 &  o!r    
/aple elem5ts4 ,x mu/ !re=e keep its    
place1 or become  an imp]t95ce4 ,if x   
gr[ =w>d1 (fici\s1 & beg9 to pu% 9      
betwe5 ! pure nature & its div9e ends1  
at once x is a m$dl+  ,pet]1 = :om !re  
is no due greet+ b ,get !e beh9d me1    
,satan4 ,if ! fruit h a special flavor (
 su* ambiti\s pung5cy  t ! sweets &     
acids _c appe> ?r\gh x1 be sure t to    

come  at ?is fruit no "y ,wilhelm ,mei/]
 w purlo9 keys4 ,if "o be s  mu* an     
,individual t he wellnigh ceases to be a
 ,man1 we %all n  admire him4 ,x is !   
same 9 m5tal z 9 physical feature4 ,let 
!re1  by all means1 be slight div]g5ce f
 ! common type2 b by all  means let x be
 no m ?an a slight div]g5ce4 ,too mu* is
 mon/r\s3  ev5 a v slight excess is :at 
we call ugl9ess4 ,gladly ,i p]ceive  9  
my neighbor's face1 voice1 gait1 mann]1 
a c]ta9 *>m (  peculi>ity2 b if 9 any ! 
peculi>ity be s great z to sugge/  a    
d\bt :e!r he be n "s o!r creature ?an   
man1 may he n be  neighbor ( m9e6    ,a 
little ( ?is surface nature suffices2   
yet t little _c be  sp>$4 ,its fir/     
(fice is to gu>d fronti]s4 ,we mu/ n lie
 q  op5 to ! inspection or invasion (   
o!rs3 yet1 7 !re no m$ium  ( unlik5ess  
int]pos$ betwe5 "o & ano!r1 privacy w\ld
 be  impossible1 & "o's own bosom w\ld n
 be sacr$ to himself4 ,b  ,nature has   
secur$ u aga9/ ^! pr(anations2 & z we h 
locks  to our doors1 curta9s to our     

w9d[s1 &1 ^u occasion1 a passport  sy/em
 on our bord]s1 s has %e ca/ ar\nd ea*  
_s ?is veil to  gu>d x f intrud+ eyes1  
?is b>ri] to keep away ! feet (         
/rang]s4 ,hom] repres5ts ! div9ities z  
com+ invisibly to  admoni% _! favor$    
h]oes2 b ,nature 0 be=eh& ) ! poet1  & e
 "o ( u is1 9 l mann]1 a cele/ial nature
 walk+  conceal$4 ,:o sees y1 :5 y walk 
! /reet8 ,:o w\ld walk !  /reet1 did be 
n feel himself =tress$ 9 a privacy t no 
=eign  eyes c ent]8 ,b = ?is1 no cities 
w\ld be built4 ,society1  !re=e1 w\ld be
 impossible1 save = ?is elem5t1 :i*     
seems to  h9d] society4 ,ea* ( u1 wrapt 
9 8 opaque individuality1 l  ,apollo or 
,a!ne 9 a blue mi/1 rema9s hidd51 if he 
w2 &  !re=e d m5 d>e to come toge!r4    
,b ?is sup]ficial elem5t1 :ile secur+   
privacy to ! pure nature1  also aids x  
to expression4 ,x emphasizes ! outl9es (
 ,p]sonality by  g5tle contra/4 ,x is l 
! %ad[ 9 ! l&scape1 )\t :i*  all !      
sunbeams ( heav5 c\ld n reveal )        
precision a s+le  object4 ,assur$ lov]s 

resort to happy bant] & light           
oppositions1 to  give !mselves a sweet] 
s5se ( unity ( he>t4 ,! *ild1 ) a  cunn+
 :i* only ,nature has taught1 w         
sometimes put a little honey  ( refusal 
into its kisses be=e giv+ !m2 ! maid5   
adds to h]  virg9 blooms ! fur!r        
attraction ( virg9 coyness & res]ve2 !  
civiliz+ d9n]-table w\ld lose all its   
dignity 9 los+ its delays2  & s ev]y:]e1
 delicate d5ial1 )hold+ res]ve h an     
inv]se  =ce1 & add a *>m ( emphasis to  
gift1 ass5t1 attraction1 &  sympa?y4 ,h[
 is ! ^w ,immortality emphasiz$ to our  
he>ts by !  p]petual spectacle ( dea?6  
,! joy & sugge/ion ( x c\ld1  inde$1    
nev] visit u1 _h n ?is mom5t>y l\d d5ial
 be5 utt]$  9 our e>s4 ,su*1 !re=e1 z h 
le>n$ to int]pret ^!  oppositions 9     
,nature1 he> 9 ! j>r+ note ( ,dea? only 
a jubilant  proclamation ( life et]nal2 
:ile all are ?us taught ! long+ =       
immortality1 ?\gh only by _! fe> ( !    
contr>y4 ,& s is !  pure univ]sal nature
 ( man affirm$ by ^! provocations (     

contra/  & insulation on ! surface4 ,we 
feel ! p]sonality f> m1 & f>  m sweetly1
 = its be+ ?us divid$ f our own4 ,f     
beh9d ?is  veil ! pure nature comes to u
 ) a k9d ( surprise1 z out (  ano!r     
heav54 ,! joy ( tru? & delight ( beauty 
are born anew =  u f ea* pair ( *ant+   
lips & behold+ eyes2 & ea* new s\l  t   
comes promises ano!r gift ( ! univ]se4  
,:oev]1 9 any "t  or "u any sky1 sees ! 
wor? & wond] ( exi/5ce1 sees x =  me2   
:atev] language he speak1 :atev] /> he  
inhabit1 we %all  "o day meet1 & ?r\gh !
 confession ( 8 he>t all my anci5t      
possessions w become a new ga92 he %all 
make = me a natal day (  creation1 %[+ !
 produc+ brea?1 z x goes =? f ! lips  ( 
,god1 & spreads into ! blue purity (    
sky1 or r\nds into !  lum9ance ( suns2 !
 hills & _! p9es1 ! vales & _!  blooms1 
& h]oic m5 & beaute\s wom51 all t ,i h  
lov$ or  rev]5c$1 %all come aga91 appe>+
 & troop+ out ( skies nev]  visible     
be=e4 ,because ( ^! divid+ l9es betwe5  
s\ls1 ea* new  s\l is to all ! o!rs a   

possible factor ( heav54    ,su* uses   
does individuality subs]ve4 ,yet x is   
capable ( ^!  m9i/ries only z x does    
inde$ m9i/]4 ,all its uses are lo/ )  ! 
loss ( its humility & subord9ance4 ,x is
 ! port] at !  gate1 fur!r+ ! access (  
lawful1 & =bidd+ ! intrusion (  unlawful
 visitors to ! mansion2 :o becomes worse
 ?an useless1 if 9  surly excess ( zeal 
he b> ! gate aga9/ all1 or if 9 ! excess
 (  self-importance he receive = himself
 :at is meant = 8 ma/]1  & turn visitors
 aside into ! port]'s lodge4 ,beautiful 
is virg9  res]ve1 & true x is t delicate
 half-d5ial re9=ces attraction2  yet !  
maid5 :o c>ries only ,no ^u h] tongue1 &
 only refusal  9 h] ways1 %all nev] wake
 be=e dawn on ! day ( esp\sal1 nor  blu%
 b5ea? h] bridal veil1 l ,morn+ beh9d h]
 cl\ds4 ,?is  surface elem5t1 we mu/    
rememb]1 is n income & res\rce1 b  an   
item ( ne$ful1 &1 s f> z ne$ful1        
graceful & economical  exp5diture4      
,excess ( x is wa/eful1 by caus+ ,life  
to pay =  t :i* he does n ne$1 by       

increase ( social fiction1 & by         
ob/ruction ( social fl[ ) !             
fructifications :i* ?is br+s1  n to be  
sp>$ by any mortal4 ,nay1 by extreme    
excess1 x may s cut  (f & seque/] a man1
 t no ^w or aspect ( ano!r s\l c  rea*  
him2 he %all see 9 mank9d only himself1 
he %all he> 9 !  voices ( o!rs only 8   
own e*oes4 ,_m & _m a man is !re1 s     
h\s$ 9 8 individuality1 t x goes1 l an  
imp5etrable wall1  ov] eye & e>2 & ev5 9
 ! tramp ( ! c5turies he c f9d  h9t (   
no?+ save ! s\nd ( 8 own feet4 ,x is a  
frequ5t  trag$y1--b pr(\nd z frequ5t4   
,"o great task1 inde$ ! great task (    
good-bre$+ is1  accord+ly1 to induce 9  
?is elem5t a delicacy1 a transluc5cy1   
:i*1 )\t robb+ any action or s5tim5t ( !
 hue x imp>ts1  %all /ill all[ ! pure   
human quality p]fectly & p]petually to  
%9e ?r\gh4 ,! _w has always be5 *>m$ )  
f9e mann]s2 &  :y %\ld x n8 ,= :at are  
f9e mann]s b ?is3 to c>ry y\r  s\l on   
y\r lip1 9 y\r eye1 9 ! palm ( y\r h&1 &
 yet to  /& n nak$1 b clo!d ^u by y\r   

individual quality1--visible1  yet      
inscrutable1--giv5 to ! he>ts ( o!rs1   
yet conta9$ 9 y\r  own bosom1--nobly &  
humanly op51 yet duly retic5t & secur$ f
  invasion8 ,poli%$ mann]s (t5 disappo9t
 u2 good mann]s nev]4    ,! =m] may be  
tak5 on by indig5t s\ls3 ! latt] imply a
 noble  & opul5t nature4 ,& wait y n =  
dea?1 accord+ to ! c\nsel  ( ,solon1 to 
be nam$ happy1 if y are p]mitt$ fell[%ip
 ) a man  ( ri* m9d1 ^: individual savor
 y always f9ely p]ceive1  & nev] m ?an  
f9ely1--:o yields y ! p]petual s5se (   
community1 & nev] ( confusion1 ) y\r own
 _s4 ,! happ9ess  is all ! great]1 if ! 
fell[%ip be accord$ by a m9d em95tly    
sup]ior to "o's own2 = he1 :ile yet m   
remov$1 comes yet ne>]1  seem+ to be t  
:i* our own s\l may become 9 "s future  
life1  & s yield+ u ! s5se ( our own be+
 m deeply & p[]fully  ?an x is giv5 by !
 consci\sness 9 our own bosom4 ,& go+   
=w>d to ! supreme po9t ( ?is felicity1  
we may note t !  wor%ipp]1 9 ! ec/asy ( 
8 adoration1 feels ! ,highe/ to be  also

 ,ne>e/1--m remote ?an ! bord]s ( space 
& fr+es (  heav51--m intimate ) 8 own   
be+ ?an ! air he brea!s or  ! ?\ght be  
?9ks2 & ( ?is d\ble s5se is ! rapture ( 
8  adoration1 & ! joy inde$ ( e angel1  
born4    ,div95ess app]ta9s to !        
absolute nature ( man2 piquancy & *>m   
to t :i* s]ves & modifies ?is4          
,inf9itude & immortality are  ( ! "o2 ! 
/ricte/ f9it5ess belongs to ! o!r4 ,9 ! 
fir/  y c nev] be too deep & ri*2 9 !   
second nev] too delicate &  measur$4    
,yet y w easily f9d a man 9 :om ! latt] 
s ab\nds  z n only to %ut him out f     
o!rs1 b to absorb all ! vital  res\rce  
g5]at$ 9 8 own bosom1 leav+ to ! pure   
p]sonality  no?+4 ,! f9ite nature f>es  
sumptu\sly e day2 ! o!r is a  heav5ly   
,laz>us sitt+ at ! gate4    ,( su*      
individuals !re are _m classes2 & !     
majority (  ecc5tric m5 con/itute "o    
class4 ,if a man h v peculi> ways1 we   
readily attribute to him a c]ta9 dep? & 
=ce1 & ?9k t !  poli%$ citiz5 wants "* 9
 comp>ison4 ,probably x is n s4         

,s+ul>ity may be z %all[ z ! %all[e/    
con=mity4 ,!re are  numb]s ( su* f :om  
if y d$uct ! ecc5tricity1 x is l        
subtract+ r$ f v]milion or six f half a 
doz54 ,!y are  grimaces ( humanity1--no 
m4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i make occasion to say1
  t ^? oddities1 ^: *ief *>act]i/ic x is
 to sl9k away f  ! habitations ( m51 &  
claim companion%ip ) musk-rats1 are1    
despite ,mr4 ,?oreau's pleasant         
patronage ( !m1 no :it m manly or       
pr(\nd ?an ! av]age citiz51 :o loves    
/reets & p>lors1 &  does n endure       
e/rangem5t f ! ,po/-,(fice4 ,mice lurk 9
 holes  & corn]s2 c\ld ! cat speak1 %e  
w\ld say t !y h a g5ius  only = lurk+ 9 
holes4 ,bees & ants are1 to say ! lea/1 
q  z witty z beetles1 prov]bially bl9d2 
yet !y build insect cities1  & are z    
inv9cibly social & city-lov+ z ,socrates
 himself4    ,aside1 h[ev]1 f special   
ecc5tricity1 !re are m51 l ! ,e>l  (    
,essex1 ,bacon's soi-disant fri5d1 :o   
possess a c]ta9 emphatic  & impos+      
individuality1 :i*1 :ile commonly assum$

 to indicate  "* & =ce1 is really b !   
succ$aneum = ^!4 ,!y  are l oy/]s1 )    
extreme /ress ( %ell1 & only a bl9d1    
s(t1  acephal\s body )94 ,^! are        
commonly great m5 s long z little  m5 w 
s]ve2 & are some?+ less ?an little ev]  
aft]4 ,z an  in/ance ( ?is1 ,i %\ld     
select ! late *ief magi/rate ( ?is      
nation4 ,8 :ole ability lay 9 putt+ a   
mo/ impos+ c\nt5ance  ^u commonplaces4  
,he made a m]e air seem solid z rock4   
,ow+ to  ?is possibility ( pres5t+ all  
=ce on ! outside1 & s creat+  a false   
impression ( res\rce1 all great social  
em]g5cies are  foll[$ by a spe$y break+ 
d[n ( m5 to :om 0 g5]ally  attribut$ an 
able _s2 :ile o!rs ( less outw>d m>k1 & 
=  ?is reason hi!rto unnotic$1 come     
=w>d1 & prove to be inde$ !  l>ge       
vessels ( manhood accord$ to t g5]ation4
    ,our t5d5cy to assume individual m>k
 z ! measure ( p]sonality  is flatt]$ by
 _m ( ! books we read4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1  
easi] to  depict "*1 :5 x is accompani$ 
by "s /rik+ individual  hue2 & !re=e 9  

romances & novels ?is is conf]r$ ^u all 
!  =cible *>act]s1 m]ely to favor !     
au?or's h&3 z microscopi/s  fe$ m9ute   
creatures ) color$ food to make _!      
circulations  visible4 ,x is only !     
great ma/] :o c repres5t a p[]ful       
p]sonality 9 ! pure/ /ate1 t is1 ) !    
maximum ( "*  & ! m9imum ( individual   
di/9ction2 :ile small arti/s1 ) a       
feeble hold ^u "*1 habitually resort to 
extreme qua9tnesses  & s+ul>ities (     
circum/ance1 9 ord] to conf] ^u _! weak 
portraitures "s vigor ( outl9e4 ,x takes
 a ,giotto to draw readily  a ne>ly     
p]fect ,o2 b a ne>ly p]fect triangle any
 "o c draw4  ,%akspe>e is able to       
del9eate a ,g5tleman1--"o1 t is1 :o1    
:ile  nobly & pr(\ndly a man1 is s      
delicately individualiz$1 t !           
impression ( him1 h[ev] vigor\s &       
comm&+1 _c be h>%3  ,%akspe>e is equal  
to ?is task1 b ev5 s v able a pa9t] z   
,field+ is n4 ,8 ,squire ,we/]n & ,p>son
 ,adams are exquisite1 8  ,allwor?y is  
vapid3 d5y him /rong pigm5ts (          

individualism1 & he is  unable to       
portray /rong "*4 ,scott1 among ,briti% 
noveli/s1 is1  p]haps1 9 ?is respect mo/
 ,%akspe>ian1 ?\gh ! ,colonel ,esmond ( 
,?ack]ay is n to be =gott52 b ev5       
,scott's ,d&ie ,d9monts1 or  g5tlem5 9 !
 r\gh1 sp>kle bett] ?an 8 poli%$        
diamonds4  ,yet 9 ?is respect ! ,wav]ley
 ,novels are s+ul>ly & admirably        
heal?ful1 comp>+ to inf9ite advantage ) 
! rank & file (  novels1 :]e9 ! *>act]s 
are b bundles ( qua9tnesses1 &  ! action
 is impossible4    ,writt5 hi/ory has   
some:at ( ! same infirmity ) fictiti\s  
lit]ature1 ?\gh n always by ! fault ( ! 
hi/orian4 ,f> too  little c x tell u    
respect+ ^? ( :om we desire to "k mu*2  
:ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x is (t5 extremely   
lib]al ( in=mation  conc]n+ ^? ( :om we 
desire to "k no?+4 ,! greate/ ( m5      
approa* a pure p]sonality1 a pure       
repres5tation ( man's imp]i%able        
nature2 individual peculi>ity !y f> less
 ab\nd 92 & :at !y d  possess is held 9 
transp>5t solution by _! manhood1 z a   

c]ta9  am\nt ( vapor is always held by !
 air4 ,! high] its temp]ature1  ! m     
moi/ure c ! atmosph]e ?us absorb1       
exhibit+ x n z  cl\d1 b only z immortal 
azure ( sky3 & s ! great] int5sity  !re 
is ( ! pure quality ( man1 ! m (        
individual peculi>ity  c x ma/] &       
trans=m into a simple heav5l9ess (      
beauty1 (  :i* ! _w f9ds few words to   
say4 ,m51 9 g5]al1 h1 p]haps1  no m     
g5ius ?an noveli/s 9 g5]al1--?\gh x     
seems a h>d spee*  to make1--& :ile     
pr(\ndly impress$ by any manife/ation ( 
!  pure g5ius ( man1 c obs]ve & relate  
only peculi>ities &  exceptional traits4
 ,incongruities are not$2 congruities   
are only felt4  ,if a two-head$ calf be 
born1 ! newspap]s ha/5 to tell ( x2 b   
brave boys & beautiful girls by ?\s&s   
gr[ to fulness ( /ature  )\t m5tion4 ,we
 "k s little ( ,hom] & ,%akspe>e p>tly  
because !y 7 ,hom] & ,%akspe>e4 ,small] 
m5 might af=d m  pl5tiful mat]ials =    
biography1 because _! action & "*  w\ld 
be m cl\d$ ) individualism4 ,! biography

 ( a supreme  poet is ! hi/ory ( 8 k9d4 
,he transmits himself by pure vital     
impression4 ,8 remembrance is committ$1 
n to any sep>able faculty1  b to a      
memory id5tical ) ! total be+ ( m54 ,if 
y w\ld  le>n 8 /ory1 li/5 to ! sprites t
 ride on crimson /e$s along  ! art]ial  
highways1 s++ ( man's de/9y z !y g4     
,,! ,,g]man ,,burns4      ,! extreme    
s\?we/]n corn] ( ,g]many is an irregul> 
"r-angle1  =m$ by ! c\rse ( ! ,rh9e4 ,)9
 ?is angle & an  hypo!nuse drawn f !    
,lake ( ,con/ance to ,c>lsruhe lies a   
wild  m\nta9-region--a lat]al (f%oot f !
 c5tral *a9 :i*  ext5ds ?r\gh ,europe f 
we/ to ea/--kn[n to all read]s (        
robb]-romances z ! ,black ,=e/4 ,x is a 
cold1 undulat+ upl&1  int]sect$ ) deep  
valleys :i* desc5d to ! pla9s ( ! ,rh9e 
& ! ,danube1 & cov]$ ) great tracts (   
fir-=e/4 ,"h &  !re a peak rises high   
above ! g5]al level1 ! ,feldb]g atta9+  
a height ( five ?\s& feet4 ,! aspect (  
?is region is /]n &  gloomy3 ! fir-woods
 appe> d>k] ?an else:]e2 ! frequ5t      

little  lakes are z inky 9 hue z ! pools
 ( ! ,high ,alps2 & ! mead[s  ( liv+    
em]ald give b a p>tial brightness to !  
sc5]y4 ,"h1  h[ev]1 ! solit>y travell]  
may adv5ture )\t fe>4 ,robb]s &         
robb]-ca/les h long s9ce pass$ away1 & !
 p1 r\gh &  unc\? z !y may at fir/ seem1
 are z k9dly-he>t$ z !y are  hone/4     
,among !m 0 born--& 9 _! incompreh5sible
 dialect  wrote--,hebel1 ! ,g]man       
,burns4    ,we dislike ! practice ( us+ 
! "n ( "o au?or z !  *>act]i/ic         
designation ( ano!r4 ,x is1 at be/1 !   
sign ( an  imp]fect fame1 imply+ r !    
imitation ( a s*ol> ?an !  indep5d5t    
position ( a ma/]4 ,we c1 nev]!less1 9  
no o!r way  indicate 9 advance ! place  
:i* ! subject ( our sket* occupies  9 ! 
lit]ature ( ,g]many4 ,a contempor>y (   
,burns1 & ignorant (  ! ,engli%         
language1 !re is no evid5ce t he _h ev] 
ev5 he>d  ( ! =m]2 b ,burns1 be+ ! fir/ 
truly great poet :o succe$$  9 mak+     
classic a local dialect1 !reby con/itut$
 himself an  illu/ri\s /&>d1 by :i* 8   

successors 9 ! same pa? mu/ be  measur$4
 ,?us1 ,bellman & ,brang] h be5         
inappropriately inve/$  ) 8 mantle1 f ! 
"o fact ( _! be+ song-writ]s ( a        
democratic /amp4 ,! ,gascon1 ,jasm91    
bett] des]ves ! title2 &  ,longfell[1 9 
translat+ 8 ,bl9d ,girl ( ,ca/l-,cuill1 
says1--      ,only ! l[l& tongue (      
,scotl& might    ,rehe>se ?is little    
trag$y aright3--    a conviction :i* we 
h frequ5tly %>$1 9 translat+ our ,g]man 
au?or4    ,x is a matt] ( surprise to u1
 t1 :ile ,jasm9's poems h gone  f>      
beyond ! b\nds ( ,france1 ! "n ( ,john  
,pet] ,hebel--:o  possesses m legitimate
 claims to ! peculi> di/9ction :i*      
,burns a*iev$--is n only unkn[n outside 
( ,g]many1 b n  ev5 famili>ly kn[n to ! 
,g]mans !mselves4 ,! mo/ probable       
explanation is1 t ! ,alemannic dialect1 
9 :i* he wrote1 is spok5  only by !     
inhabitants ( ! ,black ,=e/ & a portion 
( ,suabia1  & _c be und]/ood1 )\t a     
gloss>y1 by ! great body ( !            
,nor?-,g]mans4 ,! same cause w\ld       

op]ate1 ) great] =ce1 9  prev5t+ a      
translation into =eign languages4 ,x is1
 9 fact1 only  )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s t !  
,g]mans h become acqua9t$  )            
,burns1--*iefly ?r\gh ! admirable       
translations ( ! poet  ,freiligra?4     
,to ,hebel belongs ! m]it ( hav+ b5t "o 
( ! h>%e/ ( ,g]man  dialects to ! uses (
 poetry4 ,we d\bt :e!r ! lyre ( ,apollo 
0  ev] fa%ion$ f a wood ( r\gh] gra94   
,broad1 crabb$1 guttural1  & unpleasant 
to ! e> :i* is n ?or\ghly accu/om$ to   
its  s\nd1 ! ,alemannic patois 01 9     
tru?1 a mo/ unpromis+  mat]ial4 ,!      
/rang]1 ev5 ?\gh he 7 a good ,g]man     
s*ol>1 w\ld  nev] suspect ! racy humor1 
! nave1 *ildlike fancy1 & ! pure  human 
t5d]ness ( expression :i* a little      
culture has br\ght to  bloom on su* a   
soil4 ,! contractions1 elisions1 &      
corruptions :i*  ,g]man words und]go1 ) 
! multitude ( t]ms 9 common use d]iv$  f
 ! ,go?ic1 ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,italian1   
give x almo/ ! "*  ( a diff]5t language4
 ,x 0 ,hebel's "m-tongue1 & 8 poetic    

faculty always return$ to its use ) a   
fre% delight :i* insur$  success4 ,8    
,g]man poems are inf]ior 9 all respects4
    ,let u fir/ glance at ! poet's      
life1--a life unev5tful1 p]haps1 yet    
int]e/+ f ! c\rse ( its developm5t4 ,he 
0 born 9 ,basle1  9 ,may1 #agfj1 9 !    
h\se ( ,major ,isel91 :]e bo? 8 fa!r &  
"m 7 at s]vice4 ,! =m]1 a weav] by      
trade1 aft]w>ds became  a soldi]1 &     
accompani$ ! ,major to ,fl&]s1 ,france1 
& ,corsica4  ,he _h pick$ up a good deal
 ( /ray k on 8 campaigns1 &  _h a /rong 
natural ta/e = poetry4 ,! qualities ( ! 
son 7  inh]it$ f him r ?an f ! "m1 ( :om
 we "k no?+  m ?an t %e 0 a /eady1      
indu/ri\s p]son4 ,! p>5ts liv$  dur+ !  
w9t] 9 ! little village ( ,haus51 9 !   
,black ,=e/1  b ) ! approa* ( spr+      
return$ to ,basle = _! summ]  s]vice 9  
,major ,isel9's h\se4    ,! boy 0 b a   
ye> old :5 8 fa!r di$1 & ! discipl9e (  
su* a re/less _s z he exhibit$ 9 e>ly   
*ildhood seems to h  be5 a task almo/   
beyond ! poor wid['s p[]s4 ,an          

incorrigible  _s ( mis*ief possess$ him4
 ,he 0 an arrant scape-grace1  plund]+  
cupbo>ds1 g>d5s1 & or*>ds1 lift+ ! gates
 (  mill-races by night1 & play+ a ?\s& 
o!r practical & n  always innoc5t jokes4
 ,nei!r c\nsel nor puni%m5t avail$1 &  !
 entire weight ( 8 good qualities1 z a  
c\nt]balance1 b>ely  suffic$ to prev5t  
him f los+ ! patrons :om 8 bright1      
eag]1 inquisitive m9d attract$4 ,some?+ 
( ?is 0 und\bt$ly  cong5ital1 & !re are 
indications t ! /rong natural impulse1  
held 9 *eck only by a p[]ful w & a      
wat*ful consci5ce1 0 !  torm5t ( 8 life4
 ,9 8 lat] ye>s1 :5 he fill$ ! po/s (   
,ecclesia/ical ,c\nsellor & ,pr(essor 9 
! ,gymnasium at ,c>lsruhe1  ! phr5ologi/
 ,gall1 9 a sci5tific sance1 made an    
exam9ation (  8 head4 ,a mo/ rem>kable  
developm5t (----1 said ,gall1 abruptly  
break+ (f1 nor c\ld he be induc$ to     
complete ! s5t5ce4  ,hebel1 h[ev]1      
frankly exclaim$1--,y c]ta9ly mean !    
?ievi%  prop5sity4 ,i "k ,i h x by      
nature1 = ,i cont9ually feel its        

sugge/ions4 ,:at a picture is pres5t$ by
 ?is confession6 ,a pure1  hone/1 &     
honorable life1 won by a battle ) evil  
desires1 :i*1  comm5c+ ) bir?1 ceas$ _! 
assaults only at ! br9k ( !  grave6 ,a  
daily /ruggle1 & a daily victory6       
,hebel lo/ 8 "m 9 8 ?irte5? ye>1 b 0    
=tunate 9  possess+ g5]\s patrons1 :o   
contribut$ en\gh to ! sl5d] means  he   
inh]it$ to enable him to ent] !         
,gymnasium at ,c>lsruhe4 ,leav+  ?is    
in/itution ) ! reputation ( a good      
classical s*ol>1 he  ent]$ ! ,univ]sity 
( ,erlang5 z a /ud5t ( !ology4 ,"h 8    
jovial1 reckless temp]am5t1 f9d+ a      
cong5ial atmosph]e1 s got !  upp]h& t he
 b>ely succe$$ 9 pass+ ! necess>y       
exam9ation1  9 #aghj4 ,at ! end ( two   
ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t he support$ himself  z
 a private tutor1 he 0 orda9$1 & receiv$
 a meagre situation  z tea*] 9 !        
,academy at ,lrra*1 ) a sal>y ( "o      
hundr$ &  =ty doll>s a ye>6 ,labor+     
pati5tly 9 ?is humble position =  eight 
ye>s1 he 0 at la/ rew>d$ by be+         

transf]r$ to !  ,gymnasium at ,c>lsruhe1
 ) ! rank ( ,sub-,deacon4 ,hi!r1 !      
,m>kgraf ,fr$]ick ( ,bad51 attract$ by !
 w>m?1 simplicity1 &  g5ial humor ( !   
man1 came habitually to li/5 to 8       
s]mons4 ,he  f\nd himself1 )\t seek+ x1 
9 ! pa? ( promotion1 & 8  life !nce=? 0 
a s]ies ( sure & mod]ate successes4 ,8  
expectations1 inde$1 7 s humble t !y 7  
always exce$$ by  8 rew>ds4 ,:5 ,bad5   
became a ,gr& ,du*y1 ) a con/itutional  
=m  ( gov]nm5t1 x requir$ mu* p]suasion 
to induce him to accept  ! rank (       
,prelate1 ) a seat 9 ! ,upp] ,h\se4 ,8  
fri5ds 7  disappo9t$1 t1 ) 8 read9ess & 
flu5t p[] ( spee*1  he took s little "p 
9 ! legislative proce$+s4 ,to "o :o     
reproa*$ him = ?is timidity he naively  
wrote1--,oh1 y h a  "r to talk3 y are ! 
son ( ,pa/or ,n4 9 ,x4 ,be=e y 7 twelve 
ye>s old1 y he>d y\rself call$ ,mr4     
,gottlieb2 & :5 y w5t  ) y\r fa!r d[n ! 
/reet1 & ! judge or a not>y met y1  !y  
took (f _! hats1 y wait+ = y\r fa!r to  
return !  greet+1 be=e y ev5 lift$ y\r  

cap4 ,b ,i1 z y well "k1  grew up z !   
son ( a poor wid[ 9 ,haus52 & :5 ,i     
accompani$ my  "m to ,s*opfheim or      
,basle1 & we happ5$ to meet a not>y1 %e 
comm&$1 ',pet]1 j]k y\r cap (f1 !re's a 
g5tleman6'--b :5  ! judge or ! c\nsellor
 appe>$1 %e call$ out to me1 :5 !y  7   
tw5ty paces (f1 ',pet]1 /& /ill :]e y   
are1 & (f )  y\r cap quick1 ! ,"l ,judge
 is com9'6' ,n[ y c easily  imag9e h[ ,i
 feel1 :5 ,i recall ^? times1--& ,i     
recall !m  (t51--sitt+ 9 ! ,*amb] among 
,b>ons1 ,c\nsellors ( ,/ate1  ,m9i/]s1 &
 ,g5]als1 ) ,c\nts & ,pr9ces ( ! reign+ 
,h\se  be=e me4 ,hebel may h felt t rank
 is b ! gu9ea-/amp1 b  he nev] w\ld h   
d>$ to speak x out ) ! defiant          
indep5d5ce  ( ,burns4 ,socially1 h[ev]1 
he 0 ?or\ghly democratic 9 8 ta/es2  & 8
 *ief objection to accept+ ! dignity (  
,prelate 0 ! fe>  t x might re/rict 8   
int]c\rse ) humbl] fri5ds4    ,8        
ambition appe>s to h be5 ma9ly conf9$ to
 8 !ological  labors1 & he nev] c\ld h  
dream$ t 8 aft]-fame 0 to re/  ^u a few 

poems 9 a r\gh m\nta9-dialect1 writt5 to
 beguile 8  int5se long+ = ! wild sc5]y 
( 8 e>ly home4 ,aft] 8  transf] to      
,c>lsruhe1 he rema9$ sev]al ye>s abs5t f
 ! ,black  ,=e/2 & ! pictures ( its d>k 
hills1 its seclud$ valleys1 &  _! rude1 
w>m-he>t$1 & unsophi/icat$ inhabitants1 
became m  & m fre% & lively 9 8 memory4 
,di/ance & abs5ce turn$ !  qua9t dialect
 to music1 & out ( ?is mild             
home-sickness grew !  ,alemannic poems4 
,a heal?y oy/] nev] produces a pe>l4    
,^! poems1 writt5 9 ! ye>s #ahja &      
#ahjb1 7 at fir/  circulat$ 9 manuscript
 among ! au?or's fri5ds4 ,he resi/$ !   
proposal to collect & publi% !m1 until !
 prospect ( pecuni>y  advantage decid$  
him to issue an anonym\s edition4 ,!    
success (  ! exp]im5t 0 s positive t 9 !
 c\rse ( five ye>s f\r  editions        
appe>$1--a great deal = ^? days4 ,n only
 among 8  native ,alemanni1 & 9 ,bad5 & 
,wrtemb]g1 :]e ! dialect 0  m easily    
und]/ood1 b f all p>ts ( ,g]many1 f     
poets &  s*ol>s1 came messages ( praise 

& appreciation4 ,jean ,paul 7,ri*t]7  0 
"o ( ,hebel's fir/ & w>me/ admir]s4 ,our
 ,alemannic poet1 he  wrote1 has life & 
feel+ = ev]y?+1--! op5 he>t1 ! op5  arms
 ( love2 & e /> & e fl[] are human 9 8  
sight4444  ,9 o!r1 bett] words1--!      
ev5+-gl[ ( a lovely1 peaceful s\l       
slumb]s ^u all ! hills he bids arise2 = 
! fl[]s ( poetry he  sub/itutes !       
fl[]-goddess ,poetry h]self2 he sets to 
8 lips !  ,swiss ,alp-horn ( y\?ful     
long+ & joy1 :ile po9t+ ) !  o!r h& to !
 sunset-gleam ( ! l(ty glaci]s1 &       
dissolv$  9 pray]1 z ! s\nd ( !         
*apel-bells is flung d[n f !  m\nta9s4  
,contra/ ?is some:at confus$ rhapsody ) 
! cle>1 precise1 yet  g5ial words :]e)  
,goe! welcom$ ! new poet4 ,he in/antly  
seiz$1 weigh$ 9 ! f9e balance ( 8 ord]$ 
m9d1 & valu$ )  nice discrim9ation1 ^?  
qualities ( ,hebel's g5ius :i* _h b     
/irr$ ! spl5did *aos ( ,ri*t] ) an      
emotion ( vague delight4  ,! au?or ( ^! 
poems1 says he1 9 ! ,j5a                
,lit]aturzeitung1  7#ahjd17 is ab\t to  

a*ieve a place ( 8 own on ! ,g]man      
,p>nassus4  ,8 tal5t manife/s itself 9  
two opposite directions4 ,on ! "o h&1   
he obs]ves ) a fre%1 *e]ful glance ^?   
objects ( ,nature :i*  express _! life 9
 positive exi/5ce1 9 gr[? & 9 motion1   
7objects :i* we are accu/om$ to call    
lifeless17 & !reby  approa*es ! field ( 
descriptive poetry2 yet he succe$s1 by 8
  happy p]sonifications1 9 lift+ 8      
pictures to a l(ti] plane (  ,art4 ,on !
 o!r h&1 he incl9es to ! didactic & !   
allegorical2  b "h1 also1 ! same p[] (  
p]sonification comes to 8 aid1 &  z1 9 !
 "o case1 he f9ds a s\l = 8 bodies1 s1 9
 ! o!r1  he f9ds a body = 8 s\ls4 ,z !  
anci5t poets1 & o!rs :o h  be5 develop$ 
?r\gh a pla/ic s5tim5t = ,art1 introduce
  l(ti] spirits1 relat$ to ! gods1--su* 
z nymphs1 dryads1 &  hamadryads1--9 !   
place ( rocks1 f\nta9s1 & trees3 s !    
au?or  trans=ms ^! objects into         
peasants1 & c\ntrifies v]bau]t  !       
univ]se 9 ! mo/ nave1 qua9t1 & g5ial    
mann]1 until !  l&scape1 9 :i* we       

nev]!less always recognize ! human      
figure1  seems to become "o ) man 9 !   
*e]ful en*antm5t ex]cis$ ^u  our fancy4 
,?is is entirely correct1 z a poetic    
*>act]ization4 ,hebel1 h[ev]1  possesses
 ! additional m]it--no slight "o1       
ei!r--( giv+  fai?ful expression to !   
?\ghts1 emotions1 & passions ( !  simple
 p among :om 8 *ildhood 0 pass$4 ,!     
he>ty native  k9dness1 ! t5d]ness1 hidd5
 "u a r\gh ext]ior1 ! lively1  droll1   
un=m$ fancy1 ! timidity & ! boldness (  
love1 !  t5d5cy to yield to temptation1 
& ! unfeign$ piety ( !  inhabitants ( ! 
,black ,=e/1 are all reproduc$ 9 8      
poems4 ,to say  t !y tea*1 m or less    
directly1 a :olesome morality1 is b     
indiff]5t praise2 = morality is ! *eap  
v5e]+ :]e)  w\ld-be poets attempt to    
conceal ! lack ( ! true faculty4 ,we    
pref] to let our read]s judge = !mselves
 conc]n+ ?is feature  ( ,hebel's poetry4
    ,! ,alemannic dialect1 we h said1 is
 at fir/ h>% to ! e>4  ,x requires1     
inde$1 n a little practice1 to p]ceive  

its especial  beauties2 s9ce ^! consi/ 9
 c]ta9 qua9t1 playful inflections &     
elisions1 :i*1 l ! spee* ( *ildr51 h a  
fre%1 natural1  simple *>m ( _! own4 ,! 
*anges ( pronunciation1 9 ,g]man  words1
 are curi\s4 ,k becomes a light guttural
 *1 & a great  numb] ( monosyllabic     
words--especially ^? end+ 9 ut &        
h--receive a peculi> twi/ f !           
introduction ( e or ei3  z gut1 frh1 :i*
 become guet1 freih4 ,?is seems to be a 
*>act]i/ic feature ( ! ,s\?-,g]man      
dialects1 ?\gh 9 none is  x s pron\nc$ z
 9 ! ,alemannic4 ,! *ange ( i/ into is*1
  ha/ into hes*1 i* into i1 di* into de1
 etc41 is mu* m  widely spread1 among ! 
peasantry1 & is readily le>n$1 ev5 by ! 
=eign read]4 ,b a good ,g]man s*ol> w\ld
 be some:at puzzl$ by  ! consolidation (
 sev]al abbreviat$ words into a s+le "o1
 :i*  occurs 9 almo/ e ,alemannic       
s5t5ce3 = in/ance1 9 woni he  w\ld h "s 
difficulty 9 recogniz+ wo i*2 sg5e does 
n  sugge/ sage ihn51 nor uffeme1 auf    
e9em4    ,^! s+ul>ities ( ! dialect r5d]

 ! translation ( ,hebel's  poems into a 
=eign language a "w ( great difficulty4 
,9 ! abs5ce  ( any ,engli% dialect :i*  
possesses correspond+ features1 !       
peculi> qua9tness & rac9ess :i* !y conf]
 mu/ inevitably be  lo/4 ,fre%1 wild1 & 
lovely z ! ,s*w>zwald hea!r1 !y are     
equally apt to die 9 transplant+4 ,h[   
mu* !y lose by be+  conv]t$ into        
classical ,g]man 0 s evid5t to u 7fancy1
 ,scots :o  h ) ,wallace bl$67 t we at  
fir/ %rank f ! exp]im5t (  reproduc+ !m 
9 a language /ill f>!r remov$ f !       
orig9al4  ,c]ta9ly1 classical ,engli%   
w\ld n answ]2 ! individual s\l (  !     
poems c\ld nev] be recogniz$ 9 su* a    
g>b4 ,! tongue ( ,burns  c be spok5 only
 by a born ,scot2 & our ,yankee1 :i* is 
r a  grotesque ,engli% ?an a dialect1 is
 un=tunately s associat$  ) ! co>se & ! 
f>cical--,l[ell's little poem (         
',zekel's  ,c\rt%ip be+ ! s+le          
exception--t x seems h>dly adapt$ to  ! 
simple & t5d] fancies ( ,hebel4 ,l !    
com$ian ^: "o  s]i\s attempt at tragic  

act+ 0 greet$ ) ro>s ( laught]1 z  an   
admirable burlesque1 ! read] might1 9   
su* a case1 p]si/ 9  see+ fun :]e       
s5tim5t 0 int5d$4    ,9 ?is dilemma1 x  
occurr$ to u t ! common1 rude =m ( !    
,engli% language1 z x is spok5 by !     
un$ucat$ ev]y:]e1 )\t  ref]5ce to       
prov9cial idioms1 might possibly be !   
be/ m$ium4  ,x (f]s1 at lea/1 !         
advantage ( simplicity1 ( a directness  
( expression :i* ov]looks grammatical   
rules1 ( natural pa?os1  ev51--& !re=e1 
s f> z ^! traits g1 may reproduce !m    
)\t detract+ s]i\sly f ! orig9al4 ,^?   
o!r qualities (  ! poems :i* spr+ f ! "*
 ( ! p ( :om &  = :om !y 7 writt5 mu/   
dep5d1 = _! recognition1 on !  sympa!tic
 insight ( ! read]4 ,we c only promise  
him ! utmo/  fidelity 9 ! translation1  
hav+ tak5 no o!r lib]ty ?an !           
sub/itution ( common idiomatic phrases1 
peculi> to our language1  = correspond+ 
phrases 9 ! o!r4 ,! orig9al metre1 9 e  
in/ance1 has be5 /rictly adh]$ to4    ,!
 poems1 only fifty-n9e 9 numb]1 consi/  

pr9cipally ( %ort songs  or pa/orals1 & 
n>ratives4 ,! latt] are writt5 9        
hexamet]1 b  by no means classic 9 =m4  
,x is a r\gh1 irregul> metre1 9 :i*  !  
tro*ees prepond]ate ov] ! dactyls3 _m ( 
! l9es1 9 fact1  w\ld n be> a critical  
scansion4 ,we h n scrupl$ to imitate ?is
  irregul>ity1 z n inconsi/5t ) ! pla91 
ungrammatical spee*  ( ! *>act]s        
introduc$1 & ! homely air ( ev5 ! mo/   
imag9ative passages4 ,! op5+ poem is a  
*>m+ly wayw>d idyl1  call$ ,! ,mead[1   
7,die ,wiese17 ! "n ( a m\nta9-/ream1   
:i*1 ris+ 9 ! ,feldb]g1 ! highe/ peak ( 
! ,black ,=e/1  fl[s pa/ ,haus51        
,hebel's e>ly home1 on its way to !     
,rh9e4 ,an  extract f x w illu/rate :at 
,jean ,paul calls ! haz>d\s  boldness ( 
,hebel's p]sonifications3--             
,beautiful ,mead[1 daught] o' ,feldb]g1 
,i      welcome & greet y4    ,li/53    
,i'm go9' to s+ a song1 & all 9      y'r
 honor1    ,mak9' a music beside ye1    
foll]9' :]ev]      y w&]4    ,born      
unbekn[n 9 ! rocky1 hidd5 he>t      o' !

 m\nta91    ,suckl$ o' cl\ds & fogs1 &  
wean$ by      ! wat]s o' heav51    ,!re 
y slep' l a babbl9' baby1 a-kep'      9 
! b$-room1    ,secret1 & t5d]ly c>$-=3 &
 eye o'      man nev] saw y1--    ,nev] 
peek$ ?r\gh a key-hole & saw      my    
little girl sleep9'    ,s\nd 9 h] *amb] 
o' cry/al1 rock$ 9      h] cradle o'    
silv]4    ,nei!r an e> o' man ev] li/5$ 
to he>      h] a-brea?9'1    ,no1 nor h]
 voice all alone to h]self              
a-laugh9' or cry9'4    ,only ! close    
little spirits t "k e      passage &    
entrance1    ,9 & out dodg9'1 !y br\ght 
ye up &      tea*$ ye to toddle1        
,gev' y a *e]ful natur'1 & l>nt y       
h[ to be useful3    ,yes1 & _! words    
didn't g into "o e>      & out at !     
t'o!r4    ,/& on y\r slipp]y feet z soon
 z may      be1 & use 'em1    ,t y d1 z 
y slyly creep f y\r      *amb] o' cry/al
    ,out o' doors1 b>efoot1 & squ9t up  
to      heav51 mis*iev\sly smil9'4      
,oh1 b y're pretty1 my d>l9'1 y'r eyes  
h a beautiful sp>kle6    ,isn't x nice1 

out o' doors8 y didn't guess      't 0 s
 pleasant8    ,li/51 ! leaves is ru/l9'1
 & li/51 !      birdies a-s+9'6    ,yes1
 says y1 b ,i'm go9' furd]1 &      c't  
/ay to he> 'm3    ,pleasant1 truly1 's  
my way1 & m s !      furd] ,i travel4   
,only see h[ spry my little "o is at h] 
jump9'6    ,ket* me6 %e %\ts1 9 h]      
fun1--if      y want me1 foll] & ket*   
me6    ,e m9ute %e turns & jumps 9 ano!r
      direction4      ,!re1 y'll fall f 
! bank6 ,y see1         %e's done x3 ,i 
said s4    ,didn't ,i say x8 ,& n[ %e   
wobbles         furd] & furd]1          
,creep9' along on all-f\rs1 !n (f on h] 
legs %e's a-toddl9'1--    ,slips 9 !    
bu%es1--,hunt me6--&         !re1 on a  
sudd51 %e peeks out4    ,wait1 ,i'm     
a-com9'6 ,back o' ! trees ,i         he>
 h] a-call9'3    ,guess :]e ,i am6--%e's
 :ims ( h]         own1 a pl5ty1 & keeps
 'em4    ,b1 z y g1 y're gr[9' han'som]1
         bigg]1 & /rong]4    ,:]e !     
brea? o' y'r brea?9' falls1 !           
mead[s is gre5]1    ,fre%] o' color1 "r 

& left1 & !         we$s & ! grasses    
,spr\t up z juicy z c be1 & posies o'   
lovelie/ colors    ,blossom z brightly z
 w9k1 & bees come         & suck 'em4   
,wat]-wagtails come tilt9'1--&1 look6   
!re's ! geese o' ! village6    ,all are 
a-com9' to see y1 & all want to         
give y a welcome2    ,yes1 & y're k9d o'
 he>t1 & y         prattle to all ( 'em 
k9dly2    ,come1 y well-behav$ creeturs1
 eat &         dr9k :at ,i br+ y1--     
,i mu/ be (f & away3 ,god bless y1      
well-behav$ creeturs6,a    ,footnote ,a3
 ,z ! read] ( ,g]man may be curi\s to   
see a specim5  ( ! orig9al1 we give ?is 
la/ passage1 :i* conta9s1 9 a brief     
compass1 _m di/9ctive features ( !      
,alemannic dialect3--      ,nei s lucg  
me do*1 wie *a mi ,meiddeli spr+e6      
',*unns* mi b]1' seits und la*t1 'und   
witt         mi1 se hol mi6'    ,all'   
wil en &]e ,weg1 und alliwil &]i        
,sprngli6    ,fall m] nit sel ,reiuli   
ab6--,d hemm]'s1 i sags io--    ,hani's 
d5n nit gseit8 ,do* gauckelet's wit]s   

und wit]s1    ,groblet uf alle ,vi]51   
und /ellt si wi$] uf         d' ,be9li1 
,s*lieft 9 d' ,hr/--iez su* m]'s        
eisl--drt         gggelet's use1        
,w>t1 i *umm6 ,druf refts m] wi$] h9t]  
de ,bume3    ',ro? wo b9 i iez6'--und   
het si urige ,phate/4    ,ab] wie de    
gos*1 wirs* si*tli grss] und            
s*n]4    ,wo di lieblig5 ,o!rn weiht1 s 
frbt si d] ,rase    ,gren] re*ts und    
l9ks1 es /hn 9 saftige         ,triebe  
,gras und ,*rt] uf1 es /hn 9 fris*]e    
,g/alte    ,f>bigi ,blemli d1 und d'    
,immli *mm5 und         suge4    ',s    
,wass]/elzli *unnt1 und lueg do*1's     
,wuli         vo ,todtnau6    ,alles w  
di bs*au51 und ,alles w di bigrsse1     
,und di frndlig ,h]z git alle frndligi  
,r$e3    ',*mmet ihr ordlige ,?i]li1 d  
h5d]1 esset         und tr9ket6         
,wit]s goht mi ,weg1 ,gsegott1 ihr      
ordlige ,?i]li6'      ,! poet foll[s !  
/ream ?r\gh h] :ole c\rse1 nev] dropp+ !
  figure1 :i* is adapt$1 ) inf9ite      
adroitness1 & ) ! play  ( a fancy z     

wayw>d & unre/ra9$ z h] own wat]s1 to   
all h]  *ang+ aspects4 ,beside !        
,ca?olic *apel ( ,fair-,bee*es %e pauses
  to li/5 to ! mass2 b f>!r d[n ! valley
 becomes an apo/ate1  & att5ds ! ,lu!ran
 s]vice 9 ! ,husem] *ur*4 ,/rong] &     
/ateli] gr[n1 %e trips along ) ! /ep ( a
 maid5 consci\s (  h] own beauty1 & !   
poet clo!s h] 9 ! co/ume ( an ,alemannic
  bride1 ) a gre5 kirtle ( a hundr$     
folds1 & a /oma*] ( ,milan  gauze1 l a  
loose cl\d on a morn+ sky 9 spr+-"t4    
,?us  equipp$1 %e w&]s at w ov] ! broad]
 mead[s1 ar\nd ! feet  ( v9ey>d-hills1  
visits villages & *ur*es1 or /ops to    
gossip )  ! lu/y "y mill]s4 ,b ! woman's
 de/9y is be=e h]2 %e  _c escape x2 & ! 
"t is draw+ ne> :5 h] wild1 s++1        
pa/oral be+ %all be absorb$ 9 t ( !     
/rong male /ream1 !  bright-ey$ son ( ! 
,alps1 :o has come s f> to woo & w9 h]4 
,daught] o' ,feldb]g1 half-&-half ,i've 
got         a suspicion    ,h[ z y've   
virtues & faults en\gh n[         to    
*oose ye a husb&4    ,ca/9' y'r eyes    

d[n1 are y8 ,pick9' &         platt9'   
y'r ribbons8    ,don't be s fooli%1     
w5*6--,%e ?9ks ,i         "k no?9' ab\t 
x1    ,h[ %e's already engag$1 & ea* is 
a-wait9' = t'o!r4    ,don't ,i "k him1  
my d>l9'1 ! lu/y         "y fell[1 y'r  
swee!>t8      ,ov] p[]ful rocks1 & ?r\gh
 ! h$ges         & ?ickets1    ,"r away 
f ! sn[y ,swiss m\nta9s         he      
plunges at ,rhe9eck    ,d[n to ! lake1 &
 /raight ahead swims         ?r\gh x to 
,con/ance1    ,say9'3 ',t's no use o'   
talk9'1 ,i'll h         ! gal ,i'm      
engag$ to6        ,b1 z he rea*es ,/e91 
he goes a little m sl[ly1    ,leav9' !  
lake :]e he's dec5tly wa%$ 8 feet & 8   
body4    ,diess5h(5 don't please        
him1--no1 nor ! conv5t beside x4        
,='ard he goes to ,s*affhaus51 onto !   
rocks at ! corn]2    ,!re he says3 ,x's 
no use o' talk9'1 ,i'll git to my       
swee!>t3    ,body & life ,i'll /ake1    
cravat & embroid]$ susp5d]s4    ,woop6 b
 he jumps6 ,& n[ he talks to hisself1   
go9' furd]1    ,giddy1 belike1 9 8 head1

 b pu%es ='ard to ,rhe9au1    ,eglisau1 
& ,kais]/uhl1 & ,zurza*1 & ,wald%ut1--  
,all are beh9d him1 pass9' "o village   
aft] ano!r    ,d[n to ,gr5za*1 & out on 
! broad & beautiful bottoms    ,nigh    
unto ,basle2 & !re he mu/ /op & look    
aft] 8 lic5se4             99       99  
99       99       99      ,look6 isn't t
 y'r bridegroom a-com9' d[n yond] to    
meet y8--    ,yes1 x's him1 x's him1 ,i 
he>'t1 = 8 voice is s jolly6    ,yes1   
x's him1 x's him1--) 8 eyes z blue z !  
heav5s1    ,) 8 ,swiss knee-bree*es o'  
gre51 & susp5d]s o' velvet1    ,) 8 %irt
 o' ! color o' pe>l1 & buttons o'       
cry/al1    ,) 8 p[]ful lo9s1 & 8 /urdy  
back & 8 %\ld]s1    ,gr& 9 8 gait1      
comm&9'1 beautiful1 free 9 8 motions1   
,pr\d z a ,basle ,c\ncilman1--yes1 x's !
 big boy o' ,go?>d6,b    ,footnote ,b3  
,! ,rh9e4    ,! d>+ ) :i* ,hebel        
c\ntrifies 7or1 r1 f>m]izes1 to         
translate ,goe!'s--^w m lit]ally7 ! _s (
 natural objects1  c>ry+ 8              
p]sonifications to t po9t :]e !         

imag9ative  bord]s on ! grotesque1 is   
p]haps 8 /ronge/ *>act]i/ic4 ,8  poetic 
faculty1 putt+ on its ,alemannic co/ume1
 seems to abdicate all  ambition ( mov+ 
9 a high] sph]e ( society1 b )9 ! b\nds 
x has *os5 all[s itself ! utmo/ range ( 
caprici\s enjoym5t4  ,9 ano!r pa/oral1  
call$ ,! ,oatmeal ,porridge1 he takes ! 
gra9  :i* ! peasant has s[n1 makes x a  
s5ti5t creature1 & c>ries x  ?r\gh !    
processes ( g]m9ation1 gr[?1 & bloom1   
)\t once  dropp+ ! figure or introduc+  
an incongru\s epi!t4 ,x is n  only a    
*ild1 b a *ild ( ! ,black ,=e/1 utt]+   
its hopes1 its  anxieties1 & its joys 9 
! famili> dialect4 ,! beetle1 9  8 eyes1
 becomes a gross1 h>d-head$ boor1 c>ry+ 
8 sacks (  blossom-meal1 & dr9k+ 8 mug (
 ,,xx morn+-dew2 ! /ork p>ades  ab\t to 
%[ 8 r$ /ock+s2 ! spid] is at once      
ma*9i/ &  civil eng9e]2 & ev5 ! sun1    
moon1 & morn+-/> are n secure  f !      
poet's famili>ities4 ,9 8 pa/oral ( ,!  
,field-,wat*m51  he v5tures to say1--   
,mi/] ,s*oolma/] ,moon1 ) y'r =ehead    

wr9kl$ ) tea*9'1    ,) y'r face full o' 
l>n9'1 a pla/] /uck on y'r *eek-bone1   
,say1 d y'r *ildr5 m9d ye1 & l>n _!     
psalm & _! texes8    ,we mu* fe> t ?is  
ov]-qua9tness ( fancy1 to :i* !         
,alemannic  dialect gives su* a racy    
flavor1 & :i* belongs1 9 a less]        
degree1 to ! m9ds ( ! p :o speak t      
dialect1 _c be  successfully clo!d 9 an 
,engli% dress4 ,let u try1 !re=e1 a     
little poem1 ! s5tim5t :]e( is (        
univ]sal application3--      ,,!        
,,cont5t$ ,,f>m]4      ,i guess ,i'll   
take my p\*1 & fill    ,my pipe j       
once1--yes1 t ,i w6    ,turn out my     
pl\gh & home'ards g3    ,buck ?9ks1     
en\gh's be5 done1 ,i "k4      ,:y1 :5 ! 
,emp]or's c\ncil's done1    ,& he c     
hunt1 & h 8 fun1    ,he /ops1 ,i guess1 
at any tree1    ,& fills 8 pipe z well z
 me4      ,b smok9' does him little     
good3    ,he c't h all ?+s z he w\ld4   
,8 cr[n's a preci\s weight1 at t3    ,x 
isn't l my old /raw hat4      ,he gits a
 deal o' t91 no d\bt1    ,b all ! m he  

pays x out2    ,& ev]y:]es !y beg & cry 
,heaps m ?an he c satisfy4      ,& :51  
to see t no?9' 's wrong1    ,he plagues 
hisself ! :ole day long1    ,& ?9ks1 ,i 
guess ,i've fix$ x n[1    ,nobody ?anks 
him1 anyh[4      ,& s1 :5 9 8 bloody    
clo'es    ,! ,g9]al out o' battle goes1 
,he takes 8 p\*1 too1 ,i'll agree1    ,&
 fills 8 pipe z well z me4      ,b 9 !  
wild & dreadfle fight1    ,8 pipe don't 
ta/e ezackly "r3    ,he's gallop$ "h &  
gallop$ !re1    ,& ?+s a'n't pleasant1  
any:]e4      ,& si* a curs9'3 ,?und]6   
,hell6    ,& ,devil6 7worse nor ,i c    
tell37    ,8 grannydi]s 9 blood lay d[n1
    ,& yond] smokes a burn9' t[n4       
,& :51 a-travell9' to ! ,fairs1    ,!   
m]*ant goes ) all 8 w>es1    ,he takes a
 p\* o' ?' be/1 ,i guess1    ,& fills & 
smokes 8 pipe1 no less4      ,poor      
devil1 't isn't good = y6    ,) all y'r 
gold1 y've tr\ble1 too4    ,twice two is
 f\r1 if /ocks'll rise3    ,i see !     
figg]s 9 y\r eyes4      ,x's hurry1     
worry1 t>e & tret2    ,ye ha'n't en\gh1 

! m ye get1--    ,& c\ldn't use x1 if ye
 _h3    ,no wond] t y'r pipe ta/es bad6 
,b good1 ?ank ,god6 & :olesome's m9e3   
,! bottom-:eat is gr[9' f9e1    ,& ,god1
 o' morn9's1 s5ds ! dew1    ,& s5ds 8   
brea? o' bless9'1 too4      ,&1 home1   
!re's ,nancy bu/l9' r\nd3    ,! supp]'s 
ready1 ,i'll be b\nd1    ,& y\ng/]s     
wait9'4 ,"l6 ,i v[    ,i dunno :i* is   
sm>te/1 n[4      ,my pipe ta/es good2 ! 
reason's pla93    7,i guess ,i'll fill x
 once aga937    ,) *e]ful he>t1 & jolly 
mood1    ,& go9' home1 all ?+s is good4 
,hebel's n>rative poems ab\nd ) ! wayw>d
 pranks ( a fancy :i*  seems a little   
too re/ive to be entirely controll$ by 8
 arti/ic  s5se2 b !y possess mu*        
dramatic tru? & p[]4 ,he delights 9  !  
sup]natural elem5t1 b approa*es x f !   
g5tl] human side4  ,9 ,! ,c>buncle1     
only1 we f9d some?+ ( t weird1 uncanny  
atmosph]e :i* ca/s its glam\r ar\nd !   
,tam ,o',%ant] ( ,burns4  ,a m          
satisfactory illu/ration ( 8 peculi>    
qualities is ,!  ,gho/'s ,visit on !    

,feldb]g1--a /ory told by a loaf] (     
,basle to a  gr\p ( be]-dr9k]s 9 ! tav]n
 at ,todtnau1 a little village at  !    
foot ( ! m\nta94 ,?is is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ 
popul> ( ,hebel's  poems1 & we !re=e    
translate x entire4 ,! sup]/ition t a   
*ild born on ,sunday has ! p[] ( see+   
spirits is univ]sal among  ! ,g]man     
peasantry4      ,,! ,,gho/',s ,,visit   
,,on ,,! ,,feldb]g4      ,h>k ye1 fell[s
 o' ,todtnau1 if ev] ,i told         y !
 ,scy!-,gho/,c    ,0 a _s ( ,evil1 ,i've
 n[ got a diff]5t         /ory4    ,out 
( ! t[n am ,i1--yes1 t ,i'll hone/ly    
own to1--    ,relat$ to m]*ants1 at sev5
 tables free to         take pot-luck4  
,b ,i'm a ,sunday's *ild2 & :]ev] !     
gho/s         at ! cross-roads    ,/& 9 
! air1 9 vaults1 & cell>s1 &            
out-o'-way places1--    ,gu>d9' hidd5   
money ) eyes l fi]y         sauce-pans1 
,wa%9' ) bitt] te>s ! spot :]e          
somebody's murd]$1    ,%ovell9' ! dirt1 
& scrat*9' x ov]         ) nails all s  
bloody1--    ,cle> z day ,i c see1 :5 x 

light5s4         ,ugh6 h[ !y :imp]6     
,also1 :5ev] ) beautiful blue eyes !    
heav5ly angels1    ,deep 9 ! night1 9   
sil5t1 sleep9'         villages w&]1    
,peek9' 9 at ! w9d[s1 & talk9'          
toge!r s pleasant1    ,smil9' "o at !   
t'o!r1 & sett9'         outside o' !    
h\se-doors1    ,s t ! pi\s folks %all   
take no h>m         :ile !y're sleep9'3 
,!n ag'91 :5 9 c\ples or ?rees !y       
walk 9 ! grave-y>d1    ,talk9' 9 ?is l3 
,!re a fai?ful         "m is lay9'2     
,& "h's a man t 0 poor1 b took no       
advantage o' no "o3    ,take y\r re/1 = 
y're tir$1--we'll wak5         ye up :5 
! "t comes6    ,cle>ly ,i see by ! light
 o' ! />s1 & ,i         he> !m a-talk9'4
    ,_m ,i "k by _! names1 & speak to1  
:5ev] ,i meet 'em1    ,give 'em ! "t o' 
day1 & ask 'em1 &         answ] _!      
que/ions4    ,h[ d ye d8 ,h['s y'r wat*8
         ,praise ,god1 x's tol]able1    
?ank y6    ,believe x1 or n6 ,well1 once
 on a "t my         c\s91 he s5t me     
,ov] to ,todtnau1 on bus9ess ) all sorts

 o'         tr\blesome p1    ,:]e y've  
c(fee to dr9k1 & biscuit         !y give
 y to soak 9 't4    ,don't y /op on !   
road1 nor gabble         :atev] comes   
=emo/1    ,hoot$ my c\s9 at />t9'1 nor  
don't y         let g o' y\r snuff-box1 
,leav9' x r\nd 9 ! tav]n1 z g5tlem5     
d1 = ! next "t4    ,up & away ,i w5t1 & 
all t my c\s9         he'd ord]$        
,fairly & squ>ely ,i fix$4 ,at ! sign o'
         ! ,eagle 9 ,todtnau    ,set = a
 :ile2 !n1 sure o' my way1 tramp$       
(f ag'91 home'ards1    ,nigh by !       
village1 ,i reckon$1--b f\nd            
myself climb9' ! ,feldb]g1    ,lur$ by !
 birdies1 & d[n by ! brooks         !   
beautiful posies3    ,t's a weakness o' 
m9e1--,i ran l a fool         aft] su*  
?+s4    ,n[ x 0 dusk1 & ! birdies hu%$  
up1         sett9' /ill on ! bran*es4   
,hi!r & yond] a />lie /uck its head     
?r\gh ! d>kness1    ,peek9' out1 z      
onc]ta9 :e!r ! sun 0         9 b$ yet1--
    ,:e!r x mightn't come1 & call$ to ! 
o!r ones3 ,come n[6    ,!n ,i kn[$ ,i 0 

lo/1 & laid myself         d[n1--,i 0   
we>y3    ,!re1 y "k1 !re's a hut1 & ,i  
f\nd         an armful o' /raw 9 't4    
,"h's a g6 ,i ?9ks to myself1 & ,i      
wi% ,i 0 safely    ,cuddl$ 9 b$ to      
home1--or 't 0 midnight1         & "s   
little _s    ,some:]e popp$ out1 z o'   
nights :5 x's         twelve !y're      
accu/om$1    ,pass9' ! "t ) me1 fri5dly1
 till w9ds         t bl[ e>ly o' morn9's
    ,bl[ out ! heav5ly lights1 & ,i see 
!         way back to ! village4    ,n[1
 z ?9k9' 9 ?is l1 ,i felt all ov] my    
wat*-face1--    ,d>k z pit* all         
ar\nd1--& felt ) my         f+] !       
h\r-h&1    ,f\nd x 0 nigh onto 'lev51 & 
haul$ my         pipe f my pocket1      
,?9k9'3 ,maybe a bit ( a smoke'll keep  
me f snooz9'3    ,?und]6 all ( a sudd5  
beside me 0 two         ( 'em talk9'1   
,l z !y'd bus9ess toge!r6 ,y'd          
bett] believe t ,i li/5$4    ,say1 a'n't
 ,i late a-com9'8 ,because !re          
01 ov] 9 ,mamba*1    ,dy9'1 a girl )    
pa9s 9 ! bones & t]rible         fev]3  

,n[1 b %e's easy6 ,i held to h] m\? !   
dr9k o' dep>ture1    ,s t ! suff]9'     
ceas$1 & s(tly l[]$         ! eyelids1  
,say9'3 ',sleep1 & 9 peace1--,i'll wak5 
!e up :5 ! "t comes6'    ,d me ! favor1 
bro!r3 fet* 9 ! bas9 o'         silv]   
,wat]1 ev] s little3 my scy!1 z y see1  
mu/ be :ett$4    ,:ett$8 says ,i to     
myself1 & a _s8         & peek$ f !     
w9d[4    ,lo & behold1 !re sat a y\ng/] 
)         w+s t 0 gold52    ,:ite 0 8   
mantle1 :ite1 & 8 girdle         ! color
 o' roses1    ,fair & lovely to see1 &  
beside him two         lights all       
a-burn9'4    ,all ! good spirits1 says  
,i1 ,mr4 ,angel1         ,god h y 9     
keep9'6    ,praise _! ,ma/]1 ! ,"l1 said
 ! angel2         ,god ?ank y1 z ,i d6  
,take no (f5ce1 ,mr4 ,gho/1 & by y'r    
good         leave & p]mission1    ,tell
 me1 :at h y got = to m[8         ,:y1 !
 scy!6 0 8 answ]4    ,yes1 says ,i1 = ,i
 see x2 & t is my         "q exackly1   
,:at y're go9' to d ) ! scy!4           
,:y1 to m[6 0 8 answ]4    ,!n ,i v5tur'd

 to say3 ,& t is my "q         exackly1 
,:at y're go9' to m[1 suppos9' y're     
will9' to tell me4    ,grass6 ,& :at is 
y\r bus9ess s late up         "h 9 !    
night-"t8    ,no?9' special1 ,i answ]$2 
,i'm burn9'         a little tobacco4   
,lo/ my way1 or mo/ likely ,i'd be at ! 
,eagle1 9 ,todtnau4    ,b to come to !  
subject1 suppos9' x isn't         a     
secret1    ,tell me1 :at d y make o' !  
grass8         ,& he answ]$ me3 ,fodd]6 
,don't und]/& x1 says ,i2 = ! ,"l       
has no c[s up 9 heav54    ,n precisely a
 c[1 he rem>k$1 b         heif]s &      
asses4    ,see/1 up yond]1 ! />8 & he   
po9t$         "o out ) 8 f+]4    ,!re's 
! ass o' ! ,*ri/mas-,*ild1 &            
,fridol9's heif]s1,d    ,brea?9' ! />ry 
air1 & wait9' = grass         t ,i br+  
'em3    ,grass doesn't gr[ !re1--no?9'  
gr[s b         ! heav5ly rais9s1        
,milk & honey a-runn9' 9 riv]s1 pl5ty z 
wat]3    ,b !y're p>ticul>              
cattle1--grass !y         mu/ h e       
morn9'1    ,m\?fuls o' hay1 & dr9k f    

e>?ly         f\nta9s !y're us$ to4     
,s = !m ,i'm a-:ett9' my scy!1 &        
soon mu/ be m[9'3    ,w\ldn't x be wor? 
:ile1 if politely y'd         (f] to    
help me8    ,s ! angel he talk$1 & ?is  
way ,i answ]$         ! angel3    ,h>k  
ye1 ?is x is1 j3 & ,i'll g wi' !        
greate/ o' pleasure4    ,folks f ! t[n  
"k no?9' ab\t x3         we write & we  
ciph]1    ,reckon up money1--t we c     
d6--&         measure & weigh out1      
,unload1 & on-load1 & eat & dr9k )\t    
any tr\ble4    ,all t we want = ! belly1
 9 kit*51         pantry1 & cell>1      
,comes 9 lots ?r\gh e gate1 9 baskets   
& boxes1    ,runs 9 e /reet1 & cries at 
e         corn]3    ',buy my *]ries6' & 
',buy my butt]6'         & ',look at my 
salad6'    ',buy my onions6' & ',"h's   
y\r c>rots6'         & ',sp9age &       
p>sley6'    ',lucif] mat*es6 ,lucif]    
mat*es6' ',cabbage         & turnips6'  
',"h's y\r umbrellas6' ',c>away-se$ &   
junip]-b]ries6    ,*eap = ca%1 & all to 
be trad$ = sug>         & c(fee6'       

,say1 ,mr4 ,angel1 did/ ev] dr9k c(fee8 
h[ d y l x8    ,/op ) y'r nons5se6 !n he
 said1 b         he c\ldn't help        
laugh9'2    ,no1 we dr9k b ! heav5ly    
air1 & eat         no?9' b rais9s1      
,f\r on a day o' ! week1 & aft]w>ds five
         on a ,sunday4    ,come1 if y   
want to g ) me1 n[1 =         ,i'm (f to
 my m[9'1    ,back o' ,todtnau1 !re on !
 grassy holt by         ! highway4      
,yes1 ,mr4 ,angel1 t w ,i truly1 see9'  
y're will9'3    ,seems to me t x's      
cool]3 give me y'r         scy! = to    
c>ry3    ,"h's a pipe & a p\*1--y're    
welcome         to smoke1 if y want to4 
,:ile ,i 0 talk9'1 ,poohoo6 cri$ !      
angel4 ,a fi]y man /ood1    ,quick] ?an 
lightn9'1 beside me4 ,light u         ! 
way to ! village6    ,said he4 ,& truly 
be=e u m>*$1 a-burn9'1         !        
,poohoo1    ,ov] /ock & rock1 ?r\gh !   
bu%es1 a         travell9' tor*-light4  
,h&y1 isn't x8 laugh9'1 ! angel said4   
--,:at are ye do9'8    ,:y d y nick at  
y'r fl9t8 ,y c light         y'r pipe at

 ! ,poohoo4    ,use him :5ev] y l3 b x  
seems to         me y're a-fright5$1--  
,y1 & a ,sunday's-*ild1 z y are3 d y    
?9k he w bite y8    ,no1 he ha'n't bit  
me2 b ?is y'll all[         me to say1  
,mr4 ,angel1--    ,half-&-half ,i mi/ru/
 him3 besides1 my tobacco's             
a-burn9'4    ,t's a weakness o'         
m9e1--,i'm afe>d o'         !m fi]y     
creeturs3    ,give me sev5ty angels1    
in/ead o' ?is big         burn9' devil6 
,really1 x's dreadfle1 ! angel says he1 
t m5 is s silly1    ,fe>ful o' gho/s &  
spectres1 & ske]y         )\t any       
reason4    ,two ( 'em only is dang]\s1  
two ( 'em hurtful         to mank9d3    
,"o ( 'em's kn[n by ! "n o' ,delusion1  
& ,worry ! t'o!r4    ,him1 ,delusion1 's
 a dwell] 9 w9e3 f         cans &       
decant]s    ,up to ! head he rises1 &   
turns y\r s5se         to confusion4    
,?is is ! gho/ t leads y a/ray 9 =e/    
& highway3    ,und]mo/1 upp]mo/1 hi!r & 
yon !         gr\nd is a-roll9'1        
,bridges b5d9'1 & m\nta9s mov9'1 &      

ev]y?+ d\ble4    ,h>k ye1 keep out ( 8  
way6 ,aha6         ,i says to ! angel1  
,!re y prick me1 b n to ! blood3 ,i     
see :at y're aft]4    ,sob] am ,i1 z a  
judge4 ,to be sure1 ,i empti$         my
 tank>d    ,once1 at ! ,eagle1--once1--&
 ! l&lord         'll tell y ! same ?+1 
,s'pos9' y d\bt me4 ,& n[1 pray1 tell   
me :o is ! t'o!r8    ,:o is ! t'o!r8    
,don't "k )\t         ask9'8 answ]$ !   
angel4    ,he's a t]rible gho/3 ! ,"l   
=bid y         %\ld meet him6    ,:5 y  
wak5 e>ly1 at f\r or five 9 !           
morn9'1    ,!re he /&s a-wait9' ) burn9 
eyes         at y'r b$-side1    ,gives y
 ! "t o' day ) blaz9 swit*es         &  
p9*]s3    ,ev5 pray9' don't help1 nor   
helps all y\r         ,ave ,m>ias6      
,:5 y beg9 'em1 he takes y\r jaws &     
claps 'em toge!r2    ,look to heav51 he 
comes & bl9ds y'r eyes         ) 8 a%es2
    ,be y hungry1 & eat1 he pizons y'r  
s\p         ) 8 wormwood2    ,take y a  
dr9k o' nights1 he squeezes gall        
9 ! tank>d2    ,run l a /ag1 he foll[s z

 close on y'r trail         z a         
blood-h\nd2    ,creep l a %ad[1 be      
:isp]s3 ',good6 we         _h be/ take x
 easy'2    ,kneels at y'r side 9 ! *ur*1
 & sets at         y'r side 9 ! tav]n4  
,g :]ev] y w1 !re's gho/s a-hov]9'      
r\nd y4    ,%ut y\r eyes 9 y'r b$1 !y   
mutt]3         ',!re 's no ne$ o' hurry2
    ,by-&-by y c sleep1 b li/56 we've   
some?9' to tell y3    ,h y =got h[ y    
/ol$8 & h[         y *eat$ ! orphans8   
,secretly s9n$8'--& ?is1 & t'o!r2       
& :5 !y h f9i%$1    ,say x ov] ag'91 & y
 get little good o'         y\r slumb]4 
,s ! angel he talk$1 &1 l iron "u       
! hamm]1    ,sp>k$ & spirit$ ! ,poohoo4 
,surely1         ,i says to ! angel1    
,born on a ,sunday 0 ,i1 & fri5dly )    
_m a prea*]1    ,yet ! ,fa!r protect me 
f ^!6 ,says         he to me1 smil9'3   
,keep y'r consci5ce pure2 x is bett] ?an
         cross9' & bless9'4    ,"h we   
mu/ "p1 = y'r way turns (f &         d[n
 to ! village4    ,take ! ,poohoo along1
 b m9d6 put him         out1 9 ! mead[1 

,le/ he %\ld run 9 ! village1 sett9'    
fire         to ! /ables4    ,god be ) y
 & keep y6 ,& !n         says ,i3 ,mr4  
,angel1    ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 protect y6 ,be
 sure1 :5         y come to ! city1     
,*ri/mas ev59'1 call1 & ,i'll hold x an 
honor to see y3    ,rais9s ,i'll h at   
y\r s]vice1 & hippocras1         if y l 
x4    ,*illy 's ! air1 o' ev59's1       
especially d[n         by ! riv]4       
,day 0 break9' by ?is1 & "r !re 0       
,todtnau be=e me6    ,pa/1 & onw>d to   
,basle ,i w&]$1 i' !         %ade & !   
coolness4    ,:5 into ,mamba* ,i came1  
!y bore a dead         girl to !        
grave-y>d1    ,aft] ! ,holy ,cross1 & ! 
fad$ bann] o'         ,heav51    ,) !   
fun]al g>l&s ^u h]1 ) sobb9'         &  
weep9'4    ,ah1 b %e 'd he>d :at he     
said6 he'll         wak5 h] up :5 ! "t  
comes4    ,aft]w>ds1 ,tuesday x 01 ,i   
got safely back         to my c\s92     
,b x turn$ out z he said1--,i'd some:]e 
=gott5 my snuff-box6    ,footnote ,c3   
,d5gle-,gei/1 lit]ally1 ,:ett+-,_s4 ,!  

exact  mean+ ( d5geln is to %>p5 a scy! 
by hamm]+ ! edge ( !  blade1 :i* 0      
practis$ be=e :et/ones came 9 use4      
,footnote ,d3 ,accord+ to an old leg5d1 
,fridol9 7a favorite sa9t )  ! ,ca?olic 
population ( ! ,black ,=e/7 h>ness$ two 
"y heif]s  to a mighty fir-tree1 & haul$
 x into ! ,rh9e ne> ,sck+51  !reby damm+
 ! riv] & =c+ x to take a new c\rse1 on 
!  o!r side ( ! t[n4    ,9 ?is poem !   
h]o ( ! /ory unconsci\sly describes     
himself by  8 mann] ( tell+ x1--a       
reflective action ( ! dramatic faculty1 
:i* ,br[n+1 among liv+ poets1 possesses 
9 a m>k$ degree4 ,!  moral is s         
skilfully inwov5 into ! sub/ance ( !    
n>rative z  to conceal ! appe>ance (    
design1 & ! read] has swall[$ !  pill   
be=e its sug>-coat+ ( fancy has dissolv$
 9 8 m\?4 ,!re  are few ( ,hebel's poems
 :i* 7 n writt5 = ! purpose (  inculcat+
 "s :olesome lesson1 b 9 none does ?is  
object  prom95tly appe>4 ,ev5 :]e x is n
 m]ely impli$1 b directly  express$1 he 
contrives to give x ! air ( hav+ be5    

accid5tally  sugge/$ by ! !me4 ,9 !     
foll[+1 :i* is ! mo/ po9t$ly  didactic (
 all 8 productions1 ! *>act]i/ic fancy  
/ill betrays  itself3--      ,,!        
,,guide-,,po/4      ,d' ye "k ! road to 
?' b>'l o' fl\r8      ,at break o' day  
let d[n ! b>s1    ,& pl\gh y'r          
:eat-field1 h\r by h\r1      ,till      
sund[n1--yes1 till %9e o' />s4      ,y  
peg away1 ! livelong day1      ,nor loaf
 ab\t1 nor gape ar\nd2    ,& t's ! road 
to ! ?ra%9'-floor1      ,& into ! kit*51
 ,i'll be b\nd6      ,d' ye "k ! road   
:]e doll>s lays8      ,foll[ ! r$ c5ts1 
"h & !re3    ,= if a man leaves !m1 ,i  
guess1      ,he won't f9d doll>s any:]e4
      ,d' ye "k ! road to ,sunday's re/8
      ,ji/ don't o' week-days be afe>d2 
,9 field & work%op d y'r be/1      ,&   
,sunday comes itself1 ,i've he]d4    ,on
 ,saturdays x's n fur (f1       ,& br+s 
a basketful o' *e]1--    ,a roa/1 & lots
 o' g>d5-/uff1       ,&1 l z n1 a jug o'
 be]6      ,d' ye "k ! road to pov]ty8  
,turn 9 at any tav]n-sign3    ,turn     

91--x's tempt9' z c be3       ,!re's    
bran'-new c>ds & liquor f9e4      ,9 !  
la/ tav]n !re's a sack1       ,&1 :5 !  
ca% y'r pocket quits1    ,ji/ hang !    
wallet on y'r back1--       ,y vagabond6
 see h[ x fits6      ,d' ye "k :at road 
to honor leads1       ,& good old       
age8--a lovely sight6    ,by way o'     
temp]ance1 hone/ de$s1       ,& try9' to
 d y'r dooty "r4      ,& :5 ! road =ks1 
ary side1       ,& y're 9 d\bt :i* "o x 
is1    ,/& /ill1 & let y'r consci5ce    
guide3       ,?ank ,god1 x c't lead mu* 
amiss6      ,& n[1 ! road to *ur*-y>d   
gate       ,y ne$n't ask6 ,g any:]e6    
,=1 :e!r r\ndab\t or /raight1       ,all
 roads1 at la/1 'll br+ y !re4      ,g1 
fe>9' ,god1 b lov9' m6--       ,i've    
tri$ to be an hone/ guide1--    ,y'll   
f9d ! grave has got a door1       ,&    
some?9' = y t'o!r side4    ,we c\ld l+] 
mu* long] ov] our simple1 brave old     
poet1 7 we  sure ( ! ability ( ! read]  
approximately to di/+ui% 8  features    
?r\gh ! veil ( translation4 ,9 turn+ !  

leaves ( !  smoky book1 ) its co>se pap]
 & rude type1--:i* sugge/s to u1        
by-!-by1 ! fact t ,hebel 0 accu/om$ to  
hang a book1 :i* he  wi%$ especially to 
enjoy1 9 ! *imney1 = a few days1--we are
  tempt$ by ,! ,m>ket-,wom5 9 ,t[n1 by  
,! ,"m on ,*ri/mas-,eve1  ,! ,morn+-,/>1
 & ! *>m+ fairy-/ory ( ,ri$lig]'s       
,daught]1 b mu/ be cont5t to close our  
specim5s1 = ! pres5t1  ) a song (       
love1--,hans und ,v]5e1--"u ! equival5t 
title  (      ,,jack ,,& ,,maggie4      
,!re's only "o ,i'm aft]1       ,& %e's 
! "o1 ,i v[6    ,if %e 0 "h1 & /&9' by1 
,%e is a gal s neat & spry1          ,s 
neat & spry1       ,i'd be 9 glory n[6  
,x's s1--,i'm hank]9' = h]1       ,&    
want to h h]1 too4    ,h] temp]'s always
 gay1 & bright1    ,h] face l posies r$ 
& :ite1          ,bo? r$ & :ite1        
,& eyes l posies blue4      ,& :5 ,i see
 h] com9'1       ,my face gits r$ at    
once2    ,my he>t feels *ok9'-l1 & weak1
    ,& drops o' sweat run d[n my *eek1  
,yes1 d[n my *eek1--       ,conf\nd me =

 a dunce6      ,%e spoke s k9d1 la/     
,tuesday1       ,:5 at ! well we met3   
,jack1 give a lift6 ,:at ails y8 ,say6  
,i see t some?9' 's wrong to-day3       
,:at's wrong to-day8       ,no1 t ,i c't
 =get6      ,i "k ,i'd ought to tell h]1
       ,& wi% ,i'd told h] !n2    ,& if 
,i wasn't poor & l[1    ,& say9' x      
didn't *oke me s1          7,x *okes me 
s17       ,i'd f9d a *ance aga94        
,well1 up & (f ,i'm go9'3       ,%e's 9 
! field bel[3    ,i'll try & let h] "k  
my m9d2    ,& if h] answ] isn't k9d1    
,if 't isn't k9d1       ,i'll j9e !     
ranks1 & g6      ,i'm b a poor "y fell[1
       ,yes1 poor en\gh1 no d\bt3    ,b 
ha'n't1 ?ank ,god1 done no?9' wrong1    
,& be a man z /\t & /rong1          ,z  
/\t & /rong1       ,z any r\ndab\t4     
,:at's ru/l9' 9 ! bu%es8       ,i see a 
mov9' /alk3    ,! leaves is op59'3 !re's
 a dress6    ,o ,"l1 =bid x6 b ,i       
guess--          ,i guess--,i guess     
,somebody's he>d me talk6      ,ha6 "h  
,i am6 y've got me6       ,s keep me1 if

 y c6    ,i've guess$ x ev] s9ce la/    
,fall1    ,& ,tuesday morn ,i saw x all1
          ,i saw x all6       ,speak    
out1 !n1 l a man6      ,?\gh ri* y a'n't
 9 money1       ,nor ri* 9 goods to     
sell1    ,an hone/ he>t is m ?an gold1  
,& h&s y've got = field & fold1         
,= h\se & fold1        ,&--,jack--,i    
love y well6      ,o ,maggie1 say x ov]6
       ,o ,maggie1 is x s8    ,i c\ldn't
 long] be> ! d\bt3    ',twas hell1--b n[
 y've draw$ me out1         ,y've draw$ 
me out6      ,& w ,i8 ,won't ,i1 ?\gh6  
,! lat] ye>s ( ,hebel's life quietly    
pass$ away 9 ! circle ( 8  fri5ds at    
,c>lsruhe4 ,aft] ! peculi> mood :i*     
call$ =? !  ,alemannic poems _h pass$   
away1 he seems to h felt no fur!r       
temptation to pursue 8 lit]>y success4  
,8 labors1 !nce=?1 7  *iefly conf9$ to !
 prep>ation ( a ,biblical ,hi/ory1 =    
s*ools1  & ! edit+ ( ! ,rh5i%           
,h\se-,fri5d1 an illu/rat$ cal5d>  = !  
p1 to :i* he gave a "* some:at simil> to
 t (  ,frankl9's ,poor ,ri*>d4 ,8 %ort1 

pi?y n>ratives1 ea* ) its  inevitable1  
?\gh unobtrusive moral1 are models (    
/yle4 ,! cal5d>  became s popul>1 "u 8  
managem5t1 t =ty ?\s& copies 7  annually
 pr9t$4 ,he f9ally discont9u$ 8         
connection ) x1 9  #ahai1 9 consequ5ce (
 an int]f]5ce ) 8 articles on ! "p (  ! 
c5sor4    ,9 society ,hebel 0 a univ]sal
 favorite4 ,possess+1 9 8 p]sonal       
appe>ance1 no less ?an 9 8 intellect1 a 
m>k$ individuality1 he  c>ri$ a fre%1   
vital1 inspir+ elem5t into e company :i*
 he  visit$4 ,8 *e]fulness 0            
inexhau/ible1 8 wit ke5 & lamb5t  )\t   
be+ acrid1 8 spee* cle>1 flu5t1 & g5ial1
 & 8 fund  ( anecdote comm5surate ) 8   
rem>kable n>rative p[]4 ,he 0  exce$+ly 
frank1 joy\s1 & uncon/ra9$ 9 8 demeanor2
 fond (  ! pipe & ! be]-glass2 & z "o ( 
8 maxims 01 ,n to close  any door ?r\gh 
:i* ,=tune might ent]1 he n only        
occasionally  b\ght a lott]y-ticket1 b 0
 sometimes to be se51 dur+ !  season1 at
 ! r\lette-tables ( ,bad5-,bad54 ,"o ( 8
 fri5ds  decl>es1 h[ev]1 t he nev]      

obtrud$ ! cl]gyman at  inappropriate    
times6    ,9 p]son he 0 ( m$ium height1 
) a body ( massive ,teutonic  build1 a  
l>ge1 broad head1 incl9$ a little t[>ds 
"o %\ld]1 !  eyes small1 br[n1 &        
mis*iev\sly sp>kl+1 ! hair %ort1 crisp1 
& br[n1 ! nose aquil9e1 & ! m\?         
compress$1 ) !  comm5cem5t ( a smile    
/amp$ 9 ! corn]s4 ,he 0 c>eless 9  8    
gait1 & neglig5t 9 8 dress4 ,w>m-he>t$ &
 t5d]1 &  especially attract$ t[>ds wom5
 & *ildr51 ! cause ( 8  celibacy always 
rema9$ a my/]y to 8 fri5ds4    ,! mann] 
( 8 dea?1 f9ally1 illu/rat$ ! g5u9e     
humanity (  8 nature4 ,9 ,septemb]1     
#ahbf1 al?\gh an invalid at ! "t1 he    
made  a j\rney to ,mannheim = ! sake (  
procur+ a mitigation ( !  s5t5ce ( a    
condemn$ poa*]1 ^: case appeal$ /rongly 
to 8  sympa?y4 ,8 ex]tions on behalf ( !
 poor man s aggravat$ 8  disease t he 0 
soon beyond m$ical aid4 ,only 8 corpse1 
cr[n$  ) laurel1 return$ to ,c>lsruhe4  
,n9e ye>s aft]w>ds a monum5t 0  erect$  
to 8 memory 9 ! p>k atta*$ to ! ,ducal  

palace4 ,nor h  ! inhabitants ( ! ,black
 ,=e/ fail$ 9 wor?y commemoration (  _! 
poet's "n4 ,a prom95t peak among !      
m\nta9s :i* inclose  ! valley ( 8       
favorite ,mead[ has be5 solemnly *ri/5$ 
,hebel's ,m\nt2 & a fl[] ( ! ,=e/--!    
,an!ricum (  ,l9naeus--n[ figures 9     
,g]man botanies z ! ,hebelia            
,alemannica4        ,,! ,,=e/]4      ,!n
 bless ?y secret gr[?1 nor cat*      ,at
 noise1 b ?rive unse5 & dumb1    ,keep  
clean1 be> fruit1 e>n life1 & wat*      
,till ! :ite-w+$ reap]s come4--,h5ry    
,vaughan      ,i _h nev] ?\ght ( kn[+ a 
man s ?or\ghly ( ! c\ntry z  ?is fri5d (
 m9e1 & s purely a son ( ,nature4       
,p]haps he has  ! pr(\nde/ passion = x (
 any "o liv+2 & _h ! human  s5tim5t be5 
z t5d] f ! fir/1 & z p]vad+1 we might h 
_h pa/orals ( :i* ,virgil & ,!ocritus   
w\ld h envi$ him !  au?or%ip1 _h !y     
*anc$ to be 8 contempor>ies4 ,z x is1 he
 has  come ne>] ! antique _s ?an any (  
our native poets1 & t\*$  ! fields &    
groves & /reams ( 8 native t[n ) a      

classic  int]e/ t %all n fade4 ,"s ( 8  
v]ses are suffus$ ) an  elegiac         
t5d]ness1 z if ! woods & fields bewail$ 
! abs5ce  ( _! =e/]1 & murmur$ _! griefs
 mean:ile to "o  ano!r1--responsive l   
idyls4 ,liv+ 9 close companion%ip )     
,nature1 8 ,muse brea!s ! _s & voice (  
poetry2 8 excell5ce  ly+ h]e93 = :5 !   
he>t is once divorc$ f ! s5ses &  all   
sympa?y ) common ?+s1 !n poetry has fl$1
 & ! love t  s+s4    ,! mo/ welcome (   
companions1 ?is pla9 c\ntryman4 ,"o %all
 n  meet ) ?\ghts invigorat+ l 8 (t52   
com+ s sc5t$ (  m\nta9 & field breezes &
 rippl+ spr+s1 s l a luxuriant  clod f  
"u =e/-leaves1 moi/ & mossy )           
e>?-spirits4 ,8  pres5ce is tonic1 l    
ice-wat] 9 dog-days to ! p>*$ citiz5    
p5t 9 *amb]s & "u braz5 ceil+s4 ,welcome
 z ! gurgle (  brooks1 ! dripp+ (       
pit*]s1--!n dr9k & be cool6 ,he seems "o
  ) ?+s1 ( ,nature's ess5ce & core1 knit
 ( /rong timb]s1 mo/  l a wood & its    
inhabitants4 ,!re are 9 him sod & %ade1 
woods  & wat]s manifold1 ! m\ld & mi/ ( 

e>? & sky4 ,self-pois$  & sagaci\s z any
 d5iz5 ( ! elem5ts1 he has ! key to e   
animal's bra91 e plant1 e %rub2 & 7 an  
,indian to fl[]  =?1 & reveal ! secrets 
hidd5 9 8 cranium1 x w\ld n be  m       
surpris+ ?an ! spee* ( our ,sylvanus4   
,he mu/ belong to !  ,hom]ic age1--is   
old] ?an pa/ures & g>d5s1 z if he 7 ( ! 
race ( h]oes1 & "o ) ! elem5ts4 ,he1 (  
all m51 seems to be  ! native           
,new-,engl&]1 z mu* s z ! oak1 ! granite
 l$ge1 our  be/ sample ( an indig5\s    
,am]ican1 unt\*$ by ! ,old ,c\ntry1     
unless he came d[n f ,?or1 ! ,nor?man2 z
 yet unfa!r$ by any1  & a nondescript 9 
! books ( natural hi/ory4    ,a         
p]ipatetic philosoph]1 & out ( doors = !
 be/ p>ts ( 8  days & nights1 he has    
manifold wea!r & seasons 9 him1 & !     
mann]s ( an animal ( probity & virtues  
un/a9$4 ,( our morali/s  he seems !     
:olesome/2 & ! be/ republican citiz5 9 !
  _w1--always at home1 & m9d+ 8 own     
affairs4 ,p]haps a little  ov]-confid5t 
sometimes1 & /iffly individual1 dropp+  

society clean  out ( 8 !ories1 :ile /&+ 
fri5dly 9 8 /rict s5se (  fri5d%ip1 !re 
is 9 him an integrity & s5se ( ju/ice t 
make  possible & actual ! virtues (     
,sp>ta & ! ,/oics1 & all !  m welcome to
 u 9 ^! times ( %uffl+ & (              
pusillanimity4  ,plut>* w\ld h made him 
immortal 9 8 pages1 _h he liv$ be=e  8  
day4 ,nor h we any s mod]n z be1--8 own 
& ours2 too purely  s to be appreciat$  
at once4 ,a s*ol> by bir?right1 & an    
au?or1  8 fame has n yet travell$ f> f !
 banks ( ! riv]s he has  describ$ 9 8   
books2 b ,i haz>d only ! tru? 9 affirm+ 
( 8  prose1 t 9 sub/ance & s5se x       
surpasses t ( any naturali/  ( 8 "t1 & t
 he is sure ( a read+ 9 ! future4 ,!re  
are  fair] fi%es 9 8 pages ?an any n[   
swimm+ 9 our /reams1 &  "s sleep ( 8 on 
! banks ( ! ,m]rimack by moonlight t    
,egypt  nev] rivall$2 a morn+ ( :i*     
,memnon might h envi$ ! music1  & a     
greyh\nd t 0 meant = ,adonis2 "s frogs1 
too1 bett] ?an  any ( ,ari/ophanes4     
,p]haps we h _h no eyes l 8 s9ce ,pl9y's

  "t4 ,8 s5ses seem d\ble1 giv+ him     
access to secrets n easily  read by o!r 
m53 8 sagacity resembl+ t ( ! beav] & ! 
bee1 ! dog & ! de]2 an in/9ct = see+ &  
judg+1 z by  "s o!r or sev5? s5se1 deal+
 ) objects z if !y 7  %oot+ =? f 8 own  
m9d my?ologically1 ?us complet+ ,nature 
all r\nd to 8 s5ses1 & a creation ( 8 at
 ! mom5t4 ,i am sure  he kn[s ! animals1
 "o by "o1 & ev]y?+ else kn[able 9 our  
t[n1 & has nam$ !m rightly z ,adam did 9
 ,p>adise1 if he be  n t ance/or        
himself4 ,8 works are pieces ( exquisite
 s5se1  celebrations ( ,nature's        
virg9ity1 exemplifi$ by r>e le>n+ &     
orig9al obs]vations4 ,p]si/5tly         
indep5d5t & manly1 he criticizes  m5 &  
times l>gely1 urg+ & def5d+ 8 op9ions ) 
! _s  & p]t9acity befitt+ a desc5dant ( 
him ( ! ,hamm]4 ,a head  ( mix$ g5ealogy
 l 81 ,franco-,norman cross$ by ,scotti%
 &  ,new-,engl& desc5t1 may be =giv5 a  
few *>act]i/ic peculi>ities  & tr5*ant  
traits ( ?9k+1 amid/ 8 great common s5se
 &  fidelity to ! core ( natural ?+s4   

,seldom has a head circumscrib$  s mu* (
 ! s5se ( ,cosmos z ?is foot$           
intellig5ce1--no?+  less ?an all        
out-(-doors suffic+ 8 g5ius & scopes1 &1
 day by  day1 ?r\gh all weeks & seasons1
 ! ye> r\nd4    ,if "o w\ld f9d ! weal? 
( wit !re is 9 ?is pla9 man1 !          
in=mation1 ! sagacity1 ! poetry1 !      
piety1 let him take a walk  ) him1 say (
 a w9t]'s aft]noon1 to ! ,blue ,wat]1 or
 any:]e  ab\t ! outskirts ( 8           
village-resid5ce4 ,pagan z he %all      
outw>dly appe>1 yet he soon %all be se5 
to be ! he>ty wor%ipp]  ( :atsoev] is   
s\nd & :olesome 9 ,nature1--a piece (   
russet  probity & s\nd s5se t %e        
delights to own & honor4 ,8 talk  %all  
be sugge/ive1 subtile1 & s9c]e1 "u z _m 
masks &  mimicries z ! %[s he passes1 & 
z significant1--,nature *oos+  to speak 
?r\gh h] *os5 m\?-piece1--cynically1    
p]haps1 sometimes1  & se>*+ into ! m>r[s
 ( m5 & times he *ances to speak (1  to 
8 discom=t mo/ly1 & avoidance4 ,nature1 
poetry1 life1--n  politics1 n /rict     

sci5ce1 n society z x is1--are 8 pref]r$
  !mes3 ! new ,pan!on1 probably1 be=e he
 gets f>1 to ! nam+ (  ! gods "s com+   
,angelo1 "s ,pl9y1 is to pa9t &         
describe4 ,!  _w is holy1 ! ?+s se5     
symboliz+ ! ,unse51 & wor?y (  wor%ip s1
 ! ,zoroa/rian rites mo/ becom+ a nature
 s f9e z ours  9 ?is ?9 newness1 ?is    
wor%ip be+ s s5sible1 s promotive (     
possible pieties1--call+ u out ( doors &
 "u ! firmam5t1  :]e heal? & :olesom5ess
 are f9ely ins9uat$ into our  s\ls1--n z
 idolat]s1 b z ideali/s1 ! seek]s ( !   
,unse5  ?r\gh images ( ! ,invisible4    
,i ?9k 8 religion ( ! mo/ primitive     
type1 & inclusive ( all  natural        
creatures & ?+s1 ev5 to ! sp>r[ t falls 
to !  gr\nd1--?\gh nev] by %ot ( 81--&1 
= :atsoev] is manly  9 man1 8 wor%ip may
 comp>e ) t ( ! prie/s & h]oes  ( pagan 
times4 ,nor is he false to ^! traits "u 
any  guise1--wor%ipp+ at unbloody alt>s1
 a favorite ( ! ,unse51  ,wise/1 & ,be/4
 ,c]ta9ly he is bett] pois$ & m ne>ly   
self-reliant ?an o!r m54    ,p]haps he  

deals be/ ) matt]1 prop]ly1 ?\gh v      
adroitly )  m9d1 ) p]sons1 z he kn[s !m 
be/1 & sees !m f ,nature's  circle1 :]e9
 he dwells habitually4 ,i %\ld say he   
inspir$ !  s5tim5t ( love1 if1 inde$1 ! 
s5tim5t he awak5s did n seem to  p>take 
( a yet pur] s5tim5t1 7 t possible1--b  
nameless f  its excell5cy4 ,fri5dly he  
is1 & holds 8 fri5ds by be>+s z  /rict 9
 _! t5d]ness & consid]ation z are ! laws
 ( 8  ?9k+1--z prompt & k9dly           
equitable1--neighborly always1 & z  apt 
= occasions z he is /r5u\s aga9/ m$dl+ )
 o!rs 9  ?+s n 84    ,i "k ( no?+ m     
cr$itable to 8 greatness ?an ! ?\ghtful 
reg>d1 approa*+ to rev]5ce1 by :i* he   
has held = _m ye>s  "s ( ! be/ p]sons ( 
8 "t1 liv+ at a di/ance1 & wont  to make
 _! annual pilgrimage1 usually on foot1 
to ! ma/]1--a  devotion v r>e 9 ^! times
 ( p]sonal indiff]5ce1 if n (  confess$ 
unbelief 9 p]sons & ideas4    ,he has   
be5 less ( a h\sekeep] ?an mo/1 has     
h>ve/$ m w9d &  /orm1 sun & sky2 abroad 
night & day ) 8 lea% ( ke5 sc5ts1  b\nd+

 any game /irr+1 & runn+ x d[n1 = c]ta91
 to be  spread on ! dress] ( 8 page1 &  
s]v$ z a fea/ to ! s\nd  intellig5ces1  
be=e he has done ) x4 ,we h be5 accu/om$
 to  consid] him ! salt ( ?+s s long t  
!y mu/ lose _! savor  )\t 8 to season   
!m4 ,& :5 he goes h5ce1 !n ,pan is dead1
  & ,nature ail+ ?r\gh\t4    ,8 fri5d   
s+s him ?us1 ) ! advantages ( 8 ,wald5  
to %[ him  9 ,nature3--      ,x is n f> 
beyond ! ,village *ur*1    ,aft] we pass
 ! wood t skirts ! road1    ,a ,lake1--!
 blue-ey$ ,wald51 t do? smile    ,mo/   
t5d]ly ^u its neighbor ,p9es2    ,& !y1 
z if to recomp5se ?is love1    ,9 d\ble 
beauty spread _! bran*es =?4    ,?is    
,lake has tranquil lovel9ess & bread?1  
,&1 ( late ye>s1 has add$ to its *>ms2  
,= "o attract$ to its pleasant edge     
,has built himself a little ,h]mitage1  
,:]e ) mu* piety he passes life4      ,m
 fitt+ place ,i _c fancy n[1    ,= su* a
 man to let ! l9e run (f    ,! mortal   
reel1--su* pati5ce ha? ! ,lake1    ,su* 
gratitude & *e] is 9 ! ,p9es4    ,b m   

?an ei!r lake or =e/'s dep?s    ,?is man
 has 9 himself3 a tranquil man1    ,)   
sunny sides :]e well ! fruit is ripe1   
,good front & resolute be>+ to ?is life1
    ,& "s s]5] virtues1 :i* control     
,?is ri* ext]ior prud5ce1--virtues high1
    ,t 9 ! pr9ciples ( ,?+s are set1    
,great by _! nature1 & consign$ to him1 
,:o1 l a fai?ful ,m]*ant1 does acc\nt   
,to ,god = :at he sp5ds1 & 9 :at way4   
,?rice happy art ?\1 ,wald51 9 ?yself6  
,su* purity is 9 ?y limpid spr+s1--     
,9 ^? gre5 %ores :i* d reflect 9 !e1    
,& 9 ?is man :o dwells ^u ?y edge1    ,a
 holy man )9 a ,h]mitage4    ,may all   
good %[]s fall g5tly into !e1    ,may ?y
 surr\nd+ =e/s long be sp>$1    ,& may !
 ,dwell] on ?y tranquil m>ge    ,!re    
lead a life ( deep tranquillity1        
,pure z ?y ,wat]s1 h&some z ?y ,%ores1  
,& ) ^? virtues :i* are l ! ,/>s6       
,,me?ods ,,( ,,/udy ,,9 ,,natural       
,,hi/ory4      ,,vii4      ,i come n[ to
 an obscure "p ( my subject1 v difficult
 to pres5t  9 a popul> =m1 & yet s      

important 9 ! sci5tific inve/igations  (
 our day t ,i _c omit x entirely4 ,i    
allude to :at are call$  by naturali/s  
,collat]al ,s]ies or ,p>allel ,types4   
,^! are by  no means difficult to trace1
 because !y are connect$ by seem+       
resemblances1 :i*1 ?\gh v likely to     
mislead & p]plex !  obs]v]1 yet         
naturally sugge/ ! association ( su*    
gr\ps4 ,let me  introduce ! subject ) ! 
/atem5t ( "s facts4    ,!re are 9       
,au/ralia num]\s ,mammalia1 occupy+ !   
same relation  & answ]+ ! same purposes 
z ! ,mammalia ( o!r c\ntries4 ,"s  ( !m 
are dome/icat$ by ! natives1 & s]ve !m )
 meat1 milk1  wool1 z our dome/icat$    
animals s]ve u4 ,repres5tatives ( almo/ 
all types1 ,wolves1 ,foxes1 ,slo?s1     
,be>s1 ,weasels1 ,m>t5s1 ,squirrels1    
,rats1 etc41 are f\nd !re2 & yet1 ?\gh  
all ^! animals resemble  ours s closely 
t ! ,engli% settl]s h call$ _m ( !m by  
! same names1 !re are no g5u9e ,wolves1 
,foxes1 ,slo?s1 ,be>s1  ,weasels1       
,m>t5s1 ,squirrels1 or ,rats 9          

,au/ralia4 ,! ,au/ralian  ,mammalia are 
peculi> to ! region :]e !y are f\nd1 &  
are all  l9k$ toge!r by two rem>kable   
/ructural features :i* di/+ui%  !m f all
 o!r ,mammalia & unite !m "u "o head z !
  s-call$ ,m>supials4 ,!y br+ =? _! "y 9
 an imp]fect  condition1 & transf] !m to
 a p\*1 :]e !y rema9 atta*$ to  ! teats 
( ! "m till _! developm5t is z f>       
advanc$ z  t ( o!r ,mammalia at ! "t (  
_! bir?2 & !y are fur!r  *>act]iz$ by an
 abs5ce ( t comb9ation ( transv]se      
fibres  =m+ ! l>ge bridge :i* unites !  
two hemisph]es ( ! bra9  9 all ! o!r    
memb]s ( _! class4 ,"h1 !n1 is a s]ies (
  animals p>allel ) ours1 sep>at$ f !m  
by anatomical features1  b s unit$ ) !m 
by =m & ext]nal features t _m among  !m 
h be5 at fir/ associat$ toge!r4    ,?is 
is :at ,cuvi] has call$ subord9ation (  
*>act]s1  di/+ui%+ betwe5 *>act]s t     
control ! organization &  ^? t are n    
ess5tially connect$ ) x4 ,! skill ( !   
naturali/ consi/s 9 detect+ ! diff]5ce  
betwe5 ! two1 s  t he may n take ! m    

sup]ficial features z ! basis ( 8       
classification1 in/ead ( ^? important   
ones :i*1 ?\gh (t5 less  easily         
recogniz$1 are m deeply root$ 9 !       
organization4 ,x is a  diff]5ce ( ! same
 nature z t betwe5 aff9ity & analogy1 to
  :i* ,i h allud$ be=e1 :5 speak+ ( !   
+raft+ ( c]ta9  features ( "o type ^u   
animals ( ano!r type1 ?us produc+ a     
sup]ficial resemblance1 n truly         
*>act]i/ic4 ,9 ! ,reptiles1 =  in/ance1 
!re are two gr\ps1--^? devoid ( scales1 
) nak$  sk91 lay+ num]\s eggs1 b hat*+  
_! "y 9 an imp]fect  /ate1 & ! ,scaly   
,reptiles1 :i* lay comp>atively few     
eggs1 b  ^: "y1 :5 hat*$1 are completely
 develop$1 & und]go no  subsequ5t       
metamorphosis4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ?is        
diff]5ce 9  ess5tial features (         
/ructure1 & 9 ! mode ( reproduction &   
developm5t1 !re is su* an ext]nal       
resemblance betwe5 c]ta9  animals       
belong+ to ! two gr\ps t !y 7 associat$ 
toge!r  ev5 by s em95t a naturali/ z    
,l9naeus4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 !  ,s]p5ts

 among ! ,scaly ,reptiles ) !           
,caecilians among ! ,nak$  ,reptiles4   
,!y h ! same elongat$ =m1 & are bo?     
de/itute  ( limbs2 ! head 9 bo? is on a 
level ) ! body1 )\t any  contraction    
beh9d x1 su* z m>ks ! neck 9 ! high]    
,reptiles1  & moves only by ! action ( !
 back-bone2 !y are s+ul>ly alike  9 _!  
ext]nal features1 b ! "y ( ! ,s]p5t are 
hat*$ 9  a mature condition1 :ile ! "y (
 ! type to :i* ! ,caecilians  belong    
und]go a succession ( metamorphoses be=e
 atta9+ to a  resemblance to ! p>5t4 ,or
 comp>e ! ,liz>d & ! ,salam&]1 9  :i* ! 
lik5ess is p]haps ev5 m /rik+2 = any    
inexp]i5c$  obs]v] w\ld mi/ake "o = !   
o!r4 ,bo? are sup]ior to !  ,s]p5ts &   
,caecilians1 = 9 !m ! head moves freely 
on ! neck  & !y creep on %ort imp]fect  
legs4 ,b ! ,liz>d is clo!d )  scales1   
:ile ! body ( ! ,salam&] is nak$1 & ! "y
 (  ! =m] is complete :5 hat*$1 :ile !  
,tadpole born f !  ,salam&] has a life (
 its own to live1 ) c]ta9 *anges to pass
  ?r\gh be=e x assumes its mature       

condition2 dur+ ! e>ly "p (  its life x 
is ev5 de/itute ( legs1 & has gills l ! 
,fi%es4  ,above ! ,liz>ds & ,salam&]s1  
highe/ 9 ! class ( ,reptiles1  /& two   
o!r collat]al types1--! ,turtles at !   
head ( ! ,scaly  ,reptiles1 ! ,toads &  
,frogs at ! ,lead ( ! ,nak$ ,reptiles4  
,!  ext]nal lik5ess betwe5 ^! two gr\ps 
is p]haps less /rik+ ?an  betwe5 ^?     
m5tion$ above1 on acc\nt ( ! l>ge %ield 
( !  ,turtle4 ,b !re are ,turtles ) a   
s(t cov]+1 & !re are "s  ,toads ) a h>d 
%ield ov] ! head & neck at lea/1 & bo?  
gr\ps are alike di/+ui%$ by ! %ortness &
 bread? ( ! body  & by ! great]         
developm5t ( ! limbs z comp>$ ) ! l[]   
,reptiles4 ,b "h aga9 !re is ! same     
ess5tial diff]5ce 9 !  mode ( developm5t
 ( _! "y z di/+ui%es all ! re/4 ,!  two 
s]ies may ?us be contra/$3--    ,nak$   
,reptiles4 ,toads & ,frogs1 ,salam&]s1  
,caecilians4    ,scaly ,reptiles4       
,turtles1 ,liz>ds1 ,s]p5ts4    ,su*     
correspond+ gr\ps or p>allel types1     
unit$ only by ext]nal  resemblance1 &   

di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r by ess5tial elem5ts (
  /ructure1 exi/ among all animals1 ?\gh
 !y are less /rik+ among  ,birds on     
acc\nt ( ! uni=mity ( t class4 ,yet ev5 
!re we may  trace su* analogies1--z     
betwe5 ! ,palmate or ,aquatic ,birds1 = 
in/ance1 & ! ,birds ( ,prey1 or betwe5 !
 ,frigate ,bird & !  ,kites4 ,among     
,fi%es su* analogies are v common1 (t5  
sugge/+ a  comp>ison ev5 ) l& animals1  
?\gh on acc\nt ( ! scales &  sp9es ( !  
=m] ! lik5ess may n be easily trac$4 ,b 
!  common names us$ by ! fi%]m5 (t5     
indicate ^! resemblances1  --z1 =       
in/ance1 ,sea-,vulture1 ,sea-,eagle1    
,cat-,fi%1 ,fly+-,fi%1  ,sea-,porcup9e1 
,sea-,c[1 ,sea-,horse1 & ! l4 ,9 ! bran*
 (  ,mollusks1 also1 ! same sup]ficial  
analogies are f\nd4 ,9 ! l[e/  class (  
?is division ( ! ,animal ,k+dom !re is a
 gr\p s simil>  to ! ,polyps1 t1 until  
rec5tly1 !y h be5 associat$ )  !m1--!   
,bryozoa4 ,!y are v small animals1 alli$
 to ! ,clams by  ! plan ( _! /ructure1 b
 !y h a resemblance to ! ,polyps  on    

acc\nt ( a radiat+ wrea? ( feel]s ar\nd 
! upp] "p (  _! body3 yet1 :5 exam9$    
closely1 ?is wrea? is f\nd to be        
incomplete2 x does n1 =m a circle1 b    
leaves an op5 space betwe5  ! two ends1 
:]e !y approa* ea* o!r1 s t x has a     
horse%oe  outl9e1 & p>takes ( ! bilat]al
 symmetry *>act]i/ic ( its  type & on   
:i* its own /ructure is bas$4 ,^! s]ies 
h n yet  be5 v c>efully trac$1 & "y     
naturali/s %\ld turn _!  att5tion to !m1
 & be prep>$ to draw ! nice/ di/9ction  
betwe5 analogies & true aff9ities among 
animals4      ,,viii4      ,aft] ?is    
digression1 let u proce$ to a c>eful    
exam9ation ( !  natural gr\ps ( animals 
call$ ,families by naturali/s1--a       
subject  already briefly allud$ to 9 a  
previ\s *apt]4 ,families are natural    
assemblages ( animals ( less ext5t ?an  
,ord]s1 b1 l ,ord]s1  ,classes1 &       
,bran*es1 f\nd$ ^u c]ta9 categories (   
/ructure1  :i* are z di/9ct = ?is k9d ( 
gr\p z = all ! o!r  divisions 9 !       
classification ( ! ,animal ,k+dom4    ,t

 we may und]/& ! true mean+ ( ^!        
divisions1 we mu/ n  be misl$ by ! "n   
giv5 by naturali/s to ?is k9d ( gr\p4   
,"h1  z 9 s _m o!r in/ances1 a ^w       
already famili>1 & t _h  become1 z x 71 
id5tifi$ ) ! special s5se 9 :i* x  _h   
be5 us$1 has be5 adopt$ by sci5ce & has 
receiv$ a new  signification4 ,:5       
naturali/s speak ( ,families among      
animals1 !y d  n allude to ! prog5y ( a 
kn[n /ock1 z we designate1 9 common     
p>lance1 ! *ildr5 or ! desc5dants ( kn[n
 p>5ts by ! ^w  family2 !y und]/& by    
,families natural gr\ps ( diff]5t k9ds  
( animals1 hav+ no g5etic relations s f>
 z we "k1 b agree+  ) "o ano!r closely  
en\gh to leave ! impression ( a m  or   
less remote common p>5tage4 ,!          
difficulty "h consi/s 9  det]m9+ !      
natural limits ( su* gr\ps1 & 9 trac+ ! 
*>act]i/ic features by :i* !y may be    
def9$2 = individual  inve/igators diff] 
greatly z to ! degree ( resemblance     
exi/+  betwe5 ! memb]s ( _m ,families1 &
 !re is no k9d (  gr\p :i* pres5ts      

great] div]sity ( circumscription 9 !   
classifications ( animals propos$ by    
diff]5t naturali/s ?an ^!  s-call$      
,families4    ,x %\ld be rememb]$1      
h[ev]1 t1 unless a s\nd crit]ion be     
appli$ to ! limitation ( ,families1 !y1 
l all o!r gr\ps  introduc$ into         
zological sy/ems1 mu/ =ev] rema9        
arbitr>y  divisions1 z !y h be5 hi!rto4 
,a retrospective glance at !  progress (
 our sci5ce dur+ ! pa/ c5tury1 9 ?is    
connection1  may p]haps help u to solve 
! difficulty4 ,l9naeus1 9 8 ,sy/em  (   
,nature1 does n admit ,families2 he has 
only f\r k9ds (  gr\ps1--,classes1      
,ord]s1 ,g5]a1 & ,species4 ,x 0 among   
plants t  naturali/s fir/ p]ceiv$ ^?    
g5]al traits ( resemblance :i*  exi/    
ev]y:]e among ! memb]s ( natural        
families1 & add$ ?is  k9d ( gr\p to !   
framework ( _! sy/em4 ,9 ,france1       
p>ticul>ly1  ?is me?od 0 pursu$ )       
success2 & ! improvem5ts ?us  introduc$ 
by ! ,fr5* botani/s 7 s great1 & r5d]$  
_!  classification s sup]ior to t (     

,l9naeus1 t ! botanical  sy/ems 9 :i*   
,families 7 introduc$ 7 call$ natural   
sy/ems1  9 contradi/9ction especially to
 ! botanical classification (  ,l9naeus1
 :i* 0 f\nd$ ^u ! organs ( reproduction1
 & :i*  receiv$ !nce=? ! "n ( ! sexual  
sy/em ( plants4 ,! same  me?od s        
successfully us$ by botani/s 0 soon     
introduc$  into ,zology by ! ,fr5*      
naturali/s ( ! beg9n+ ( ?is             
c5tury1--,lam>ck1 ,latreille1 & ,cuvi]4 
,b1 to ?is day1 !  limitation (         
,families among animals has n yet rea*$ 
! precision  :i* x has among plants1 &  
,i see no o!r reason = ! diff]5ce  ?an !
 abs5ce ( a lead+ pr9ciple to guide u 9 
,zology4    ,families1 z !y exi/ 9      
,nature1 are bas$ ^u peculi>ities ( =m  
z relat$ to /ructure2 b ?\gh a v l>ge   
numb] ( !m h  be5 nam$ & record$1 v few 
are *>act]iz$ ) any?+ l  sci5tific      
accuracy4 ,x has be5 a v simple matt] to
 e/abli% su*  gr\ps accord+ to !        
sup]ficial me?od t has be5 pursu$1 =  ! 
fact t !y are det]m9$ by ext]nal outl9e 

r5d]s !  recognition ( !m easy & 9 _m   
in/ances almo/ in/9ctive2 b  x is v     
difficult to *>act]ize !m1 or1 9 o!r    
words1 to trace  ! connection betwe5 =m 
& /ructure4 ,inde$1 _m naturali/s d  n  
admit t ,families are bas$ ^u =m2 & x 0 
9 try+ to  acc\nt = ! facility ) :i* !y 
detect ^! gr\ps1 :ile !y  f9d x s       
difficult to *>act]ize !m1 t ,i p]ceiv$ 
t !y  are always associat$ )            
peculi>ities ( =m4 ,naturali/s h        
e/abli%$ ,families simply by br++ toge!r
 a numb] ( animals  resembl+ ea* o!r m  
or less closely1 &1 tak+ usually ! "n  (
 ! ,g5us to :i* ! be/ kn[n among !m     
belongs1 !y h giv5  x a patronymic      
t]m9ation to designate ! ,family1 &     
all[$ !  matt] to re/ !re1 sometimes )\t
 ev5 attempt+ any description           
correspond+ to ^? by :i* ,g5us &        
,species are commonly def9$4    ,=      
in/ance1 f ,canis1 ! ,dog1 ,canidae has 
be5 =m$1 to  designate ! :ole ,family ( 
,dogs1 ,wolves1 ,foxes1 etc4 ,no?+ c be 
m sup]ficial ?an su* a mode (           

classification2 & if ^!  gr\ps actually 
exi/ 9 ,nature1 !y mu/ be bas$1 l all ! 
o!r  divisions1 ^u "s comb9ation (      
/ructural *>act]s peculi> to  !m4 ,we h 
se5 t ,bran*es are f\nd$ ^u ! g5]al plan
 (  /ructure1 ,classes on ! mode (      
execut+ ! plan1 ,ord]s ^u !  great] or  
less complication ( a giv5 mode (       
execution1 & we %all  f9d t =m1 z       
det]m9$ by /ructure1 *>act]izes         
,families4 ,i  w\ld call att5tion to ?is
 qualification ( my def9ition2 s9ce1 (  
c\rse1 :5 speak+ ( =m 9 ?is connection1 
,i d n mean ^?  sup]ficial resemblances 
9 ext]nal features already allud$ to 9  
my rem>ks ^u ,p>allel or ,collat]al     
,types4 ,i speak n[ ( =m z  controll$ by
 /ructural elem5ts2 & unless we analyze 
,families 9  ?is way1 ! m]e di/+ui%+ &  
nam+ !m does n advance our  sci5ce at   
all4 ,comp>e1 = in/ance1 ! ,dogs1 !     
,seals1 & !  ,be>s4 ,^! are all memb]s (
 "o ,ord]1--t ( ! ,c>nivor\s  ,mammalia4
 ,_! d5tition is peculi> & alike 9 all1 
7cutt+ tee?1  can9e tee?1 & gr9d]s17    

adapt$ = te>+ & *ew+ _!  food2 & _!     
int]nal /ructure be>s a def9ite relation
 to _!  d5tition4 ,b look at ^! animals 
) ref]5ce to =m4 ,! ,dog is             
comp>atively sl5d]1 ) legs adapt$ =     
runn+ & hunt+ 8  prey2 ! ,be> is heavi]1
 ) %ort] limbs2 :ile ! ,seal has a      
cont9u\s uni=m outl9e adapt$ = swimm+4  
,!y =m sep>ate  ,families1 & are easily 
recogniz$ z su* by ! diff]5ce 9 _!      
ext]nal outl9e2 b :at is ! anatomical   
diff]5ce :i* produces  ! peculi>ity ( =m
 9 ea*1 by :i* !y h be5 ?us  di/+ui%$8  
,x lies 9 ! /ructure ( ! limbs1 &       
especially 9  t ( ! wri/ & f+]s4 ,9 !   
,seal ! limbs are %ort1 & !  wri/s are  
on "o cont9u\s l9e ) !m1 s t x has no   
p[] (  b5d+ ! wri/ or ! f+]s1 & ! limbs1
 !re=e1 act l  flapp]s or o>s4 ,! ,be>  
has a well-develop$ paw ) a flexible    
wri/1 b x /eps on ! :ole sole ( ! foot1 
f ! wri/ to !  tip ( ! toe1 giv+ x !    
heavy tread s *>act]i/ic ( all !  ,be>s4
 ,! ,dogs1 on ! contr>y1 walk on        
tip-toe1 & _! /ep1  ?\gh firm1 is light1

 :ile ! great] sl5d]ness & flexibility (
  _! legs add to _! nimbl5ess &         
swiftness4 ,by a m ext5sive             
inve/igation ( ! anatomical /ructure ( !
 limbs 9 _!  connection ) ! :ole body1 x
 c\ld easily be %[n t !  peculi>ity ( =m
 9 ^! animals is ess5tially det]m9$ by1 
or at  lea/ /&s 9 ! close/ relation to1 
! peculi> /ructure ( !  wri/ & f+]s4    
,take ! ,family ( ,owls z di/+ui%$ f !  
,falcons1 ,kites1 etc4  ,"h ! diff]5ce (
 =m is 9 ! position ( ! eyes4 ,9 !      
,owl1 ! sides ( ! head are prom95t & !  
eye-socket is br\ght  =w>d4 ,9 !        
,falcons & ,kites1 on ! contr>y1 ! sides
 ( !  head are flatt5$ & ! eyes are set 
back4 ,! diff]5ce 9 !  appe>ance ( !    
birds is evid5t to ! mo/ sup]ficial     
obs]v]2 b  to call ! "o ,/rigidae & !   
o!r ,falconidae tells u no?+ (  !       
anatomical peculi>ities on :i* ?is      
diff]5ce is f\nd$4    ,^! few examples1 
select$ purposely among closely alli$ & 
univ]sally kn[n animals1 may be         
suffici5t to %[1 t1 beyond !  g5]al     

complication ( ! /ructure :i* *>act]izes
 ! ,ord]s1  !re is a m limit$ elem5t 9 !
 organization ( animals1 be>+  *iefly ^u
 _! =m1 :i*1 if x h any g5]al           
application z  a pr9ciple (             
classification1 may well be consid]$ z  
ess5tially  *>act]i/ic ( ! ,families4   
,!re are c]ta9ly closely alli$  natural 
gr\ps ( animals1 belong+ to ! same      
,ord]1 b includ+  _m ,g5]a1 :i* diff] f 
ea* o!r *iefly 9 _! =m1 :ile  t =m is   
det]m9$ by peculi>ities ( /ructure :i* d
 n  influ5ce ! g5]al /ructural          
complication ^u :i* ,ord]s are  bas$1 or
 relate to ! m9or details ( /ructure on 
:i* ,g5]a are  f\nd$4 ,i am !re=e       
conv9c$ t =m is ! crit]ion by :i*       
,families may be det]m9$4 ,! great      
facility ) :i* animals may  be comb9$   
toge!r 9 natural gr\ps ( ?is k9d )\t any
 special  inve/igation ( _! /ructure1 a 
sup]ficial me?od ( classification  9 :i*
 zologi/s h lately indulg$ to a mo/     
unju/ifiable degree1  conv9ces me t x is
 ! simil>ity ( =m :i* has unconsci\sly  

l$ su* %all[ inve/igators to correct    
results1 s9ce ^u close  exam9ation x is 
f\nd t a l>ge numb] ( ! ,families s     
det]m9$1 & to :i* no *>act]s at all are 
assign$1 nev]!less  be> ! sev]e/        
criticism f\nd$ ^u anatomical           
inve/igation4    ,! que/ions propos$ to 
!mselves by all /ud5ts :o w\ld          
*>act]ize ,families %\ld be ^!3 ,:at    
are1 ?r\gh\t !  ,animal ,k+dom1 !       
peculi> patt]ns ( =m by :i* ,families   
are  di/+ui%$8 & on :at /ructural       
features are ^! patt]ns bas$8  ,only !  
mo/ pati5t inve/igations c give u !     
answ]1 & x w  be v long be=e we c write 
out ! =mulae ( ^! patt]ns )  ma!matical 
precision1 z ,i believe we %all be able 
to d 9 a m  advanc$ /age ( our sci5ce4  
,b :ile ! "w is 9 progress1 x  ought to 
be rememb]$ t a m]e g5]al simil>ity (   
outl9e is n  yet 9 itself evid5ce (     
id5tity ( =m or patt]n1 & t1 :ile       
seem+ly v diff]5t =ms may be d]iv$ f !  
same =mula1 !  mo/ simil> =ms may belong
 to entirely diff]5t sy/ems1 :5 _!      

d]ivation is prop]ly trac$4 ,our great  
ma!matician1 9 a lecture  deliv]$ at !  
,l[ell ,in/itute la/ w9t]1 %[$ t 9 8    
sci5ce1 also1 simil>ity ( outl9e does n 
always indicate id5tity  ( "*4 ,comp>e !
 diff]5t circles1--! p]fect circle1 9   
:i* e po9t ( ! p]iph]y is at ! same     
di/ance f !  c5tre1 ) an ellipse 9 :i* !
 v>iation f ! true circle is  s slight z
 to be almo/ imp]ceptible to ! eye2 yet 
! latt]1 l  all ellipses1 has its two   
foci by :i* x diff]s f a circle1  & to  
ref] x to ! family ( circles in/ead ( ! 
family (  ellipses w\ld be ov]look+ its 
true "* on acc\nt ( its  ext]nal        
appe>ance2 & yet ellipses may be s      
elongat$1 t1 f>  f resembl+ a circle1 !y
 make ! impression ( p>allel l9es  l9k$ 
at _! extremities4 ,or we may h an      
ela/ic curve 9 :i*  ! appe>ance ( a     
circle is produc$ by ! meet+ ( ! two    
ends2  nev]!less x belongs to ! family (
 ela/ic curves1 9 :i* may  ev5 be       
includ$ a l9e actually /raight1 & is =m$
 by a process  entirely diff]5t f t :i* 

produces ! circle or ! ellipse4    ,b x 
is sometimes exce$+ly difficult to f9d !
 relation betwe5  /ructure & =m 9       
,families1 & ,i rememb] a case :i* ,i _h
 tak5  z a te/ ( ! accuracy ( ! views ,i
 ent]ta9$ ^u ?is subject1  & :i* p]plex$
 & baffl$ me = ye>s4 ,x 0 t ( our       
fre%-wat] ,mussels1 ! ,family ( ,unios4 
,!re is a great v>iety (  outl9e among  
!m1--"s be+ oblong & v sl5d]1 o!rs broad
  ) seem+ly squ>e outl9es1 o!rs hav+ a  
ne>ly triangul> =m1  :ile o!rs aga9 are 
almo/ circul>2 & ,i c\ld n detect among 
!m all any feature ( =m t 0 connect$ )  
any ess5tial  elem5t ( _! /ructure4 ,at 
la/1 h[ev]1 ,i f\nd ?is  te/-"*1 & s9ce 
t "t ,i h _h no d\bt left 9 my m9d  t   
=m1 det]m9$ by /ructure1 is ! true      
crit]ion ( ,families4  ,9 ! ,unios x    
consi/s ( ! r\nd$ outl9e ( ! ant]ior end
 (  ! body reflect$ 9 a m or less op5   
curve ( ! %ell1 b5d+  m abruptly along !
 l[] side ) an inflection foll[$ by a   
bulg+1 correspond+ to ! mo/ prom95t "p (
 ! gills1 to :i*  alone1 9 a l>ge numb] 

( ,am]ican ,species ( ?is ,family1 !    
eggs  are transf]r$1 giv+ to ?is "p ( ! 
%ell a prom95ce :i* x  has n 9 any ( !  
,european ,species4 ,at ! po/]ior end ( 
! body  ?is curve !n b5ds upw>ds &      
backw>ds aga91 ! outl9e meet+  ! side   
occupi$ by ! h+e & ligam5t1 :i*1 :5 v   
%ort1 may  det]m9e a triangul> =m ( !   
:ole %ell1 or1 :5 equal to !  l[] side &
 connect$ ) a great height ( ! body1    
gives x a  quadrangul> =m1 or1 if !     
height is r$uc$1 produces an elongat$   
=m1 or1 f9ally1 a r\nd$ =m1 if ! passage
 f "o side to !  o!r is gradual4 ,a     
comp>ison ( ! position ( ! int]nal      
organs (  diff]5t ,species ( ,unios ) ! 
outl9es ( _! %ells w leave  no d\bt t _!
 =m is det]m9$ by ! /ructure ( ! animal4
    ,a few o!r & m famili> examples may 
complete ?is discussion4  ,among ,climb+
 ,birds1 = in/ance1 :i* are held toge!r 
z a  m compreh5sive gr\p by ! /ructure (
 _! feet & by o!r  anatomical features1 
!re are two ,families s widely diff]5t 9
  _! =m t !y may well s]ve z examples ( 

?is pr9ciple4 ,!  ,woodpeck]s 7,picidae7
 & ! ,p>rots 7,psittacidae71 once       
consid]$  z two ,g5]a only1 h bo? be5   
subdivid$1 9 consequ5ce ( a m  intimate 
k ( _! g5]ic *>act]s1 into a l>ge numb] 
(  ,g5]a2 b all ! ,g5]a ( ,woodpeck]s & 
all ! ,g5]a ( !  ,p>rots are /ill held  
toge!r by _! =m z ,families1 correspond+
  z su* to ! two old ,g5]a ( ,picus &   
,psittacus4 ,!y are n[  kn[n z !        
,families ( ,woodpeck]s & ,p>rots2 &    
?\gh ea* gr\p  includes a numb] ( ,g5]a 
comb9$ ^u a v>iety ( details 9 !  f9i% (
 special p>ts ( ! /ructure1 su* z !     
numb] ( toes1  ! peculi>ities ( ! bill1 
etc41 x is impossible to ov]look !      
peculi> =m :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ea*4 ,no 
"o :o is famili>  ) ! outl9e ( ! ,p>rot 
w fail to recognize any memb] (  t      
,family by a g5]al =m :i* is equally    
common to ! dim9utive  ,nonp>eil1 !     
gorge\s ,ara1 & ! high-cre/$ ,cockatoo4 
,nei!r w  any "o1 :o has ev] obs]v$ !   
small head1 ! /raight bill1 !  flat     
back1 & /iff tail ( ! ,woodpeck]1       

hesitate to id5tify !  family =m 9 any (
 ! num]\s ,g5]a into :i* ?is gr\p is n[ 
divid$4 ,! family *>act]s are ev5 m     
inv>iable ?an ! g5]ic  ones2 = !re are  
,woodpeck]s :i*1 in/ead ( ! f\r toes1   
two  turn+ =w>d & two backw>d1 :i* =m an
 ess5tial g5]ic  "*1 h ?ree toes only1  
:ile ! family =m is always  ma9ta9$1    
:atev] v>iations !re may be 9 ! *>act]s 
( !  m limit$ gr\ps x includes4    ,!   
,turtles & ,t]rap9s =m ano!r good       
illu/ration ( family  *>act]s4 ,!y      
con/itute toge!r a natural ,ord]1 b are 
di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r z two ,families v    
di/9ct 9 g5]al  =m & outl9e4 ,among     
,fi%es ,i may m5tion ! ,family (        
,pick]els1  ) _! flat1 long sn\t1 &     
sl5d]1 almo/ cyl9drical body1 z         
contra/$ ) ! plump1 compress$ body &    
tap]+ tail ( !  ,tr\t ,family4 ,or      
comp>e1 among ,insects1 ! ,hawk-,mo?s ) 
! ,diurnal  ,butt]fly1 or ) ! s-call$   
,mill]1--or1 among ,cru/acea1 !  common 
,crab ) ! ,sea-,spid]1 or ! ,lob/]s ) ! 
,%rimps1--or1  among ,worms1 ! ,lee*es )

 ! ,e>?-,worms1--or1 among ,mollusks1  !
 ,squids ) ! ,cuttle-,fi%es1 or !       
,snails ) ! ,slugs1 or !  ,p]iw9kles ) !
 ,limpets & ,con*s1 or ! ,clam ) !      
s-call$  ,v5us1 or ! ,oy/] ) !          
,"m-(-,pe>l %ell1--ev]y:]e1  ?r\gh\t !  
,animal ,k+dom1 diff]5ce ( =m po9ts at  
diff]5ce  ( ,families4    ,!re is a     
*apt] 9 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,animals t 
has h>dly  be5 t\*$ ^u z yet1 & t w be  
especially int]e/+ )  ref]5ce to        
,families4 ,! voices ( animals h a      
family "* n  to be mi/ak54 ,all !       
,canidae b>k & h[l3 ! ,fox1 ! ,wolf1 !  
,dog h ! same k9d ( utt]ance1 ?\gh on a 
some:at diff]5t  pit*4 ,all ! ,be>s     
gr[l1 f ! ,:ite ,be> ( ! ,arctic sn[s to
  ! small ,black ,be> ( ! ,&es4 ,all !  
,cats miau1 f our quiet  fireside       
companion to ! ,lions & ,tig]s & ,pan!rs
 ( ! =e/  & jungle4 ,?is la/ may seem a 
/range ass]tion2 b to any "o :o  has    
li/5$ critically to _! s\nds & analyz$  
_! voices1  ! ro> ( ! ,lion is b a      
gigantic miau1 be>+ ab\t ! same         

proportion to t ( a ,cat z its /ately & 
maje/ic =m does to !  small]1 s(t]1 m   
peaceful aspect ( ! ,cat4 ,yet1 not)/&+ 
! diff]5ce 9 _! size1 :o c look at !    
,lion1 :e!r 9 8  m sleepy mood z he lies
 curl$ up 9 ! corn] ( 8 cage1 or 9  8   
fi]c] mom5ts ( hung] or ( rage1 )\t be+ 
rem9d$ ( a  ,cat8 ,& ?is is n m]ely !   
resemblance ( "o c>nivor\s animal to    
ano!r2 = no "o 0 ev] rem9d$ ( a ,dog or 
,wolf by a ,lion4 ,aga91  all ! ,horses 
& ,donkeys neigh2 = ! bray ( ! ,donkey  
is only a  h>%] neigh1 pit*$ on a       
diff]5t key1 x is true1 b a s\nd (  !   
same "*1--z ! ,donkey himself is b a    
clumsy & dw>fi%  ,horse4 ,all ! ,c[s l[1
 f ! ,buffalo roam+ ! prairie1 !        
,musk-,ox ( ! ,arctic ice-fields1 or !  
,jack ( ,asia1 to ! ,cattle  fe$+ 9 our 
pa/ures4 ,among ! ,birds1 ?is simil>ity 
( voice 9  ,families is /ill m m>k$4 ,we
 ne$ only recall ! h>% & noisy  ,p>rots1
 s simil> 9 _! peculi> utt]ance4 ,or    
take z an example  ! web-foot$          
,family1--d n all ! ,geese & !          

innum]able ho/  ( ,ducks quack8 ,does n 
e memb] ( ! ,cr[ ,family caw1 :e!r x  be
 ! ,jackdaw1 ! ,jay1 ! ,magpie1 ! ,rook 
9 "s gre5 rook]y (  ! ,old ,_w1 or !    
,cr[ ( our woods1 ) its long1 melan*oly 
caw  t seems to make ! sil5ce & solitude
 deep]8 ,comp>e all !  sweet w>bl]s ( ! 
,song/] ,family1--! ,night+ales1 !      
,?ru%es1  ! ,mock+-,birds1 ! ,rob9s2 !y 
diff] 9 ! great] or less  p]fection ( _!
 note1 b ! same k9d ( voice runs ?r\gh !
  :ole gr\p4 ,^! aff9ities ( ! vocal    
sy/ems among animals =m a  subject well 
wor?y ( ! deepe/ /udy1 n only z ano!r "*
  by :i* to classify ! ,animal ,k+dom   
correctly1 b z be>+  indirectly also on 
! "q ( ! orig9 ( animals4 ,c we suppose 
t *>act]i/ics l ^! h be5 communicat$ f  
"o animal  to ano!r8 ,:5 we f9d t all ! 
memb]s ( "o zoological ,family1  h[ev]  
widely scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( ! e>?1   
inhabit+  diff]5t cont95ts & ev5 diff]5t
 hemisph]es1 speak ) "o  voice1 mu/ we n
 believe t !y h orig9at$ 9 ! places :]e 
!y n[ occur ) all _! di/9ctive          

peculi>ities8 ,:o taught !  ,am]ican    
,?ru% to s+ l 8 ,european relative8 ,he 
surely did n  le>n x f 8 c\s9 ov] !     
wat]s4 ,^? :o w\ld h u  believe t all   
animals h orig9at$ f common c5tres &    
s+le  pairs1 & h be5 di/ribut$ f su*    
common c5tres ov] !  _w1 w f9d x        
difficult to expla9 ! t5acity ( su*     
*>act]s  & _! recurr5ce & repetition "u 
circum/ances t seem to  preclude !      
possibility ( any communication1 on any 
o!r supposition  ?an t ( _! creation 9 !
 diff]5t regions :]e !y are n[  f\nd4   
,we h mu* yet to le>n 9 ?is k9d (       
inve/igation1 )  ref]5ce n only to      
,families among animals1 b to           
nationalities among  m5 also4 ,i tru/ t 
! nature ( languages w tea* u z mu*     
ab\t ! orig9 ( ! races z ! vocal sy/ems 
( ! animals may  "o day tea* u ab\t !   
orig9 ( ! diff]5t gr\ps ( animals4  ,at 
all ev5ts1 simil>ity ( vocal utt]ance   
among animals is n  indicative ( id5tity
 ( ,species2 ,i d\bt1 !re=e1 :e!r       
simil>ity ( spee* proves community (    

orig9 among m54    ,! simil>ity ( motion
 9 ,families is ano!r subject well wor? 
!  consid]ation ( ! naturali/3 ! so>+ ( 
! ,birds ( ,prey1--!  heavy flapp+ ( !  
w+s 9 ! ,gall9ace\s ,birds1--! float+ ( 
! ,swall[s1 ) _! %ort cuts & angul>     
turns1--! hopp+  ( ! ,sp>r[s1--!        
delib]ate walk ( ! ,h5s & ! /rut ( !    
,cocks1--! waddle ( ! ,ducks &          
,geese1--! sl[1 heavy creep+  ( !       
,l&-,turtle1--! graceful flight ( !     
,sea-,turtle "u !  wat]1--! leap+ &     
swimm+ ( ! ,frog1--! swift run ( !      
,liz>d1 l a fla% ( gre5 or r$ light 9 ! 
sun%9e1--!  lat]al undulation ( !       
,s]p5t1--! d>t ( ! ,pick]el1--!  leap ( 
! ,tr\t1--! ru% ( ! ,hawk-,mo? ?r\gh !  
air1--!  flutt]+ flight ( !             
,butt]fly1--! quiv]+ poise ( !          
,humm+-,bird1--! arr[-l %oot+ ( ! ,squid
 ?r\gh ! wat]1  --! sl[ crawl+ ( !      
,snail on ! l&1--! sideway movem5t  ( ! 
,s&-,crab1--! backw>d walk ( !          
,crawfi%1--! almo/  imp]ceptible glid+ (
 ! ,sea-,anemone ov] ! rock1--!         

graceful1  rapid motion ( !             
,pleurobra*ia1 ) its endless *ange (    
curve &  spiral4 ,9 %ort1 e ,family (   
animals has its *>act]i/ic action  & its
 peculi> voice2 & yet s little is ?is   
endless v>iety  ( rhy?m & cad5ce bo? (  
motion & s\nd 9 ! organic _w  und]/ood1 
t we lack words to express "o-half its  
ri*ness &  beauty4      ,,ix4      ,!   
well-kn[n mean+ ( ! words g5]ic &       
specific may s]ve1  9 ! abs5ce ( a m    
precise def9ition1 to express ! relative
  importance ( ^? gr\ps ( animals call$ 
,g5]a & ,species 9 our  sci5tific       
sy/ems4 ,! ,g5us is ! m compreh5sive ( !
 two k9ds  ( gr\ps1 :ile ! ,species is !
 mo/ precisely def9$1 or at lea/  ! mo/ 
easily recogniz$1 ( all ! divisions ( ! 
,animal ,k+dom4  ,b nei!r ! t]m ,g5us   
nor ,species has always be5 tak5 9 !    
same  s5se4 ,g5us especially has v>i$ 9 
its acceptation1 f ! "t  :5 ,ari/otle   
appli$ x indiscrim9ately to any k9d (   
compreh5sive  gr\p1 f ! ,classes d[n to 
:at we commonly call ,g5]a1 till !      

pres5t day4 ,b we h already se51 t1     
in/ead ( call+ all !  v>i\s k9ds ( m    
compreh5sive divisions by ! "n ( ,g5]a1 
mod]n sci5ce has appli$ special names to
 ea* ( !m1 & we h  n[ ,families1 ,ord]s1
 ,classes1 & ,bran*es above ,g5]a prop]4
 ,if  ! =ego+ discussion ^u ! nature (  
^! gr\ps is bas$ ^u  tru/wor?y          
pr9ciples1 we mu/ admit t !y are all    
f\nd$ ^u  di/9ct categories (           
*>act]s1--! prim>y divisions1 or !      
,bran*es1 on plan ( /ructure1 ! ,classes
 ^u ! mann] ( its  execution1 ! ,ord]s  
^u ! great] or less complication ( a    
giv5  mode ( execution1 ! ,families ^u  
=m2 & x n[ rema9s to be  asc]ta9$ :e!r  
,g5]a also exi/ 9 ,nature1 & by :at k9d 
(  *>act]i/ics !y may be di/+ui%$4 ,tak+
 ! practice ( !  able/ naturali/s 9     
discrim9at+ ,g5]a z a guide 9 our       
e/imation  ( _! true nature1 we mu/1    
nev]!less1 rememb] t ev5 n[1  :ile _!   
classifications ( ! m compreh5sive gr\ps
 usually  agree1 !y diff] greatly 9 _!  
limitation ( ,g5]a1 s t !  ,g5]a ( "s   

au?ors correspond to ! ,families ( o!rs1
 & vice  v]sa4 ,?is und\bt$ly arises f !
 abs5ce ( a def9ite /&>d  = ! e/imation 
( ^! divisions4 ,b ! diff]5t categories 
(  /ructure :i* =m ! di/9ctive crit]ia (
 ! m compreh5sive  divisions once       
e/abli%$1 ! "q is n>r[$ d[n to an       
inquiry  into ! special category ^u :i* 
,g5]a may be det]m9$2 & if  ?is c be    
accurately def9$1 no diff]5ce ( op9ion  
ne$ int]f]e  h]eaft] ) _! uni=m         
limitation4 ,consid]+ all ^! divisions  
( ! ,animal ,k+dom f ?is po9t ( view1 x 
is evid5t t !  m compreh5sive ones mu/  
be ^? :i* are bas$ on ! broade/         
*>act]s1--,bran*es1 z unit$ ^u plan (   
/ructure1 /&+ (  c\rse at ! head2 next  
to ^! ! ,classes1 s9ce ! g5]al mode  (  
execut+ ! plan pres5ts a wid] category (
 *>act]s ?an  ! complication ( /ructure 
on :i* ,ord]s re/2 aft] ,ord]s come     
,families1 or ! patt]ns ( =m 9 :i* ^!   
great] or less  complications ( /ructure
 are clo!d2 & proce$+ 9 ! same way  f m 
g5]al to m special consid]ations1 we c h

 no o!r  category ( /ructure z          
*>act]i/ic ( ,g5]a ?an ! details (      
/ructure by :i* memb]s ( ! same ,family 
may diff] f ea*  o!r1 & ?is ,i consid] z
 ! only true basis on :i* to limit      
,g5]a1 :ile x is at ! same "t 9 p]fect  
accordance ) !  practice ( ! mo/ em95t  
mod]n zoologi/s4 ,x is 9 ?is way t      
,cuvi] has di/+ui%$ ! l>ge numb] ( ,g5]a
 he has *>act]iz$  9 8 great ,natural   
,hi/ory ( ! ,fi%es1 9 connection )      
,val5ci5nes4 ,latreille has done ! same 
= ! ,cru/acea & ,insects2  & ,milne     
,edw>ds1 ) ! cop]ation ( ,haime1 has    
rec5tly proce$$  ^u ! same pr9ciple 9   
*>act]iz+ a great numb] ( ,g5]a among  !
 ,corals4 ,_m o!rs h foll[$ ?is example1
 b few h kept  9 view ! necessity ( a   
uni=m mode ( proce$+1 or1 if !y h  done 
_! rese>*es h cov]$ too limit$ a gr\nd1 
to be tak5  into consid]ation 9 a       
discussion ( pr9ciples4 ,x is1 9 fact1  
only  :5 ext5d+ ov] a :ole ,class t !   
/udy ( ,g5]a acquires a  truly sci5tific
 importance1 z x !n %[s 9 a connect$    

mann]1 9  :at way1 by :at features1 & to
 :at ext5t a l>ge numb] ( animals  are  
closely l9k$ toge!r 9 ,nature4 ,consid]+
 ! ,animal ,k+dom z  a s+le complete "w 
( "o ,creative ,intellect1 consi/5t     
?r\gh\t1  su* ke5 analysis & close      
criticism ( all its p>ts h ! same  k9d (
 int]e/1 9 a high] degree1 z t :i*      
atta*es to o!r  /udies und]tak5 9 ! _s (
 c>eful comp>ative rese>*4  ,^! diff]5t 
categories ( *>act]s are1 z x 71 diff]5t
  peculi>ities ( /yle 9 ! au?or1 diff]5t
 modes ( treat+ !  same mat]ial1 new    
comb9ations ( evid5ce be>+ on ! same    
g5]al  pr9ciples4 ,! /udy ( ,g5]a is a  
dep>tm5t ( ,natural ,hi/ory :i*  ?us f> 
has receiv$ too little att5tion ev5 at !
 h&s ( our be/  zoologi/s1 & has be5    
treat$ 9 ! mo/ arbitr>y mann]2 x  %\ld  
h5ce=? be made a philosophical          
inve/igation into ! clos]  aff9ities :i*
 naturally b9d 9 m9or gr\ps all !       
repres5tatives  ( a natural ,family4    
,g5]a1 !n1 are gr\ps ( a m re/rict$ "*  
?an any (  ^? we h exam9$ ?us f>4 ,"s ( 

!m include only "o ,species1  :ile o!rs 
comprise hundr$s2 s9ce c]ta9 def9ite    
comb9ations (  *>act]s may be limit$ to 
a s+le ,species1 :ile o!r comb9ations   
may be repeat$ 9 _m4 ,we h /rik+        
examples ( ?is among ,birds3  ! ,o/ri*  
/&s alone 9 its ,g5us1 :ile ! numb] (   
,species among  ! ,w>bl]s is v great4   
,among ,mammalia ! ,giraffe also /&s    
alone1 :ile ,mice & ,squirrels include  
_m ,species4 ,g5]a are  f\nd$1 n1 z we h
 se51 on g5]al /ructural *>act]s1 b on  
! f9i% ( special p>ts1 z1 = in/ance1 on 
! d5tition4 ,!  ,cats h only f\r gr9d]s 
9 ! upp] jaw & ?ree 9 ! l[]1  :ile !    
,hy5as h "o m above & bel[1 & ! ,dogs & 
,wolves  h two m above & two m bel[4 ,9 
! la/1 "s ( ! tee?  h also flat surfaces
 = cru%+ ! food1 adapt$ especially to   
_! habits1 s9ce !y live on vegetable z  
well z animal sub/ances4  ,! =mation ( !
 claws is ano!r g5]ic feature4 ,!re is a
  curi\s example ) ref]5ce to ?is 9 !   
,*eetah1 :i* is aga9  a ,g5us conta9+   
only "o ,species4 ,x belongs to ! ,cat  

,family1  b diff]s f ord9>y ,lions &    
,tig]s 9 hav+ its claws s  con/ruct$ t x
 _c draw !m back "u ! paws1 ?\gh 9  e   
o!r respect !y are l ! claws ( all !    
,cats4 ,b :ile  x has ! ,cat-l claw1 its
 paws are l ^? ( ! ,dog1 & ?is  s+ul>   
comb9ation ( features is 9 direct       
relation to its habits1  = x does n lie 
9 wait & spr+ ^u its prey l ! ,cat1 b   
hunts x l ! ,dog4    ,:ile ,g5]a        
!mselves are1 l ,families1 easily       
di/+ui%$1 !  *>act]s on :i* !y are      
f\nd$1 l ^? ( ,families1 are  difficult 
to trace4 ,!re are (t5 features belong+ 
to ^! gr\ps  :i* attract ! att5tion &   
sugge/ _! association1 ?\gh !y  are n ^?
 :i* may be truly consid]$ g5]ic        
*>act]s4 ,x is  easy to di/+ui% ! ,g5us 
,fox1 = in/ance1 by its bu%y tail1 &    
yet t is no true g5]ic "*2 ! coll> (    
fea!rs r\nd !  neck ( ! ,vultures leads 
u at once to sep>ate !m f ! ,eagles1  b 
x is n ! coll> t truly m>ks ! ,g5us1 b r
 !  peculi> /ructure ( ! fea!rs :i* =m  
x4 ,no ,bird has a m  /rik+ plumage ?an 

! ,peacock1 b x is n ! appe>ance m]ely  
( its cre/ & spread+ fan t con/itutes a 
,g5us1 b !  peculi> /ructure ( ! fea!rs4
 ,?\s&s ( examples might be  quot$ to %[
 h[ easily ,g5]a may be s+l$ out1 nam$1 
& ent]$  9 our sy/ems1 )\t be+ duly     
*>act]iz$1 & x is mu* to be  lam5t$ t   
!re is no possibility ( *eck+ ! loose "w
 ( ?is  k9d ) :i* ! annals ( our sci5ce 
are daily flood$4    ,x w\ld1 ( c\rse1  
be q inappropriate to pres5t "h any     
g5]al revision ( ^! gr\ps2 b ,i may     
pres5t a few in/ances to  illu/rate !   
pr9ciple ( _! classification1 & to %[ on
 :at  *>act]s !y are prop]ly bas$4      
,among ,reptiles1 we f9d1 =  in/ance1 t 
! ,g5]a ( our fre%-wat] ,turtles diff] f
 ea*  o!r 9 ! cut ( _! bill1 9 !        
arrangem5t ( _! scales1  9 ! =m ( _!    
claws1 etc4 ,among ,fi%es1 ! diff]5t    
,g5]a  includ$ "u ! ,family ( ,p]*es are
 di/+ui%$ by !  arrangem5t ( _! tee?1 by
 ! s]ratures ( _! gill-cov]s1 &  ( ! ar*
 to :i* ! pectoral f9s are atta*$1 by ! 
nature &  comb9ation ( ! rays ( _! f9s1 

by ! /ructure ( _! scales1  etc4 ,among 
,insects1 ! v>i\s ,g5]a ( ! ,butt]flies 
diff] 9 !  comb9ation ( ! little rods   
:i* su/a9 _! w+s1 9 ! =m  & /ructure (  
_! ant5nae1 ( _! feet1 ( ! m9ute scales 
:i* cov] _! w+s1 etc4 ,among ,cru/acea1 
! ,g5]a ( ,%rimps  v>y 9 ! =m ( ! claws1
 9 ! /ructure ( ! p>ts ( !  m\?1 9 !    
articulations ( _! feel]s1 etc4 ,among  
,worms1 !  diff]5t ,g5]a ( ! ,lee*      
,family are comb9$ ^u ! =m ( !  disks by
 :i* !y atta* !mselves1 ^u ! numb] &    
arrangem5t  ( _! eyes1 ^u ! /ructure ( !
 h>d p>ts ) :i* ! m\?  is arm$1 etc4    
,among ,cephalopods1 ! ,family ( ,squids
 conta9s sev]al  ,g5]a di/+ui%$ by !    
/ructure ( ! solid %ield )9 !  sk9 ( !  
back1 by ! =m & connection ( _! f9s1 by 
!  /ructure ( ! suck]s ) :i* _! arms are
 provid$1 by !  =m ( _! beak1 etc4 ,9 e 
,class1 we f9d ?r\gh\t ! ,animal  ,k+dom
 t !re is no s\nd basis = !             
discrim9ation ( ,g5]a  except ! details 
( _! /ructure2 b 9 ord] to def9e !m     
accurately an ext5sive comp>ison ( !m is

 indisp5sable1 & 9  *>act]iz+ !m only   
su* features %\ld be enum]at$ z are     
truly  g5]ic2 :]eas 9 ! pres5t          
sup]ficial me?od ( describ+ !m1         
features are frequ5tly introduc$ :i*    
belong n only to ! :ole  ,family1 b ev5 
to ! :ole ,class :i* includes !m4       
,x4      ,!re rema9s b "o m division ( !
 ,animal ,k+dom = our  consid]ation1 !  
mo/ limit$ ( all 9 its                  
circumscription1--t  ( ,species4 ,x is )
 ! /udy ( ?is k9d ( gr\p t naturali/s   
g5]ally beg9 _! inve/igations4 ,i       
believe1 h[ev]1 t ! /udy  ( ,species z !
 basis ( a sci5tific education is a     
great mi/ake4  ,x leads u to ov]rate !  
value ( ,species1 & to believe t !y     
exi/ 9 ,nature 9 "s diff]5t s5se f o!r  
gr\ps2 z if !re  7 some?+ m real &      
tangible 9 ,species ?an 9 ,g5]a1        
,families1 ,ord]s1 ,classes1 or         
,bran*es4 ,! tru? is1 t to /udy a  va/  
numb] ( ,species )\t trac+ ! pr9ciples t
 comb9e  !m "u m compreh5sive gr\ps is  
only to burd5 ! m9d )  disconnect$      

facts1 & m may be le>n$ by a fai?ful &  
c>eful  comp>ison ( a few ,species ?an  
by a m cursory exam9ation ( a  great]   
numb]4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! imm5se numb] ( 
,species already  kn[n1 naturali/s might
 well despair ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) !m    
all1 7 !y n con/ruct$ on a few          
fundam5tal patt]ns1 s t  ! /udy ( "o    
,species tea*es u a great deal = all !  
re/4 ,de  ,c&olle1 :o 0 at ! same "t a  
great botani/ & a great tea*]1  told me 
once t he c\ld und]take to illu/rate !  
fundam5tal  pr9ciples ( 8 sci5ce ) ! aid
 ( a doz5 plants judici\sly  select$1 & 
t x 0 8 unv>y+ practice to induce /ud5ts
 to  make a ?or\gh /udy ( a few m9or    
gr\ps ( plants1 9 all _!  relations to  
"o ano!r1 r ?an to attempt to ga9 a     
sup]ficial  acqua9tance ) a l>ge numb] (
 species4 ,! p[]ful influ5ce he  has _h 
^u ! progress ( ,botany v\*es = !       
correctness ( 8  views4 ,inde$1 e pr(\nd
 s*ol> kn[s t s\nd le>n+ c be  atta9$   
only by ?is me?od1 & ! /udy ( ,nature   
makes no exception  to ! rule4 ,i w\ld  

!re=e advise e /ud5t to select a few    
repres5tatives f all ! ,classes1 & to   
/udy ^! n only )  ref]5ce to _! specific
 *>act]s1 b z memb]s also ( a ,g5us1  ( 
a ,family1 ( an ,ord]1 ( a ,class1 & ( a
 ,bran*4 ,he w soon  conv9ce himself t  
,species h no m def9ite & real exi/5ce  
9 ,nature ?an all ! o!r divisions ( !   
,animal ,k+dom1 & t  e animal is !      
repres5tative ( its ,bran*1 ,class1     
,ord]1 ,family1  & ,g5us z mu* z ( its  
,species1 ,specific *>act]s are only  ^?
 det]m9+ size1 proportion1 color1       
habits1 & relations to  surr\nd+        
circum/ances & ext]nal objects4 ,h[     
sup]ficial1 !n1  mu/ be any "o's k ( an 
animal :o /udies x only )  relation to  
its specific *>act]s6 ,he w "k no?+ ( ! 
f9i%  ( special p>ts ( ! body1--no?+ ( !
 relations betwe5 its  =m & its         
/ructure1--no?+ ( ! relative            
complication ( its  organization z      
comp>$ ) o!r alli$ animals1--no?+ ( !   
g5]al mode ( execution1--no?+ ( ! plan  
express$ 9 t mode  ( execution4 ,yet1 ) 

! exception ( ! ord9al *>act]s1 :i*1    
s9ce !y imply relative sup]iority &     
inf]iority1 require1 (  c\rse1 a numb] (
 specim5s = comp>ison1 8 "o animal w\ld 
tell  him all ?is z well z ! specific   
*>act]s4    ,all ! m compreh5sive gr\ps1
 equally ) ,species1 h a  positive1     
p]man5t1 specific pr9ciple1 ma9ta9$     
g5]ation aft]  g5]ation ) all its       
ess5tial *>act]i/ics4 ,individuals are  
! transi5t repres5tatives ( all ^!      
organic pr9ciples1 :i*  c]ta9ly h an    
indep5d5t1 immat]ial exi/5ce1 s9ce !y   
outlive  ! individuals t embody !m1 &   
are no less real aft] !  g5]ation t has 
repres5t$ !m = a "t has pass$ away ?an  
!y 7 be=e4    ,f a comp>ison ( a numb] (
 well-kn[n ,species belong+ to a        
natural ,g5us1 x is n difficult to      
asc]ta9 :at are ess5tially  specific    
*>act]s4 ,!re is h>dly among ,mammalia a
 m natural ,g5us  ?an t :i* includes !  
,rabbits & ,h>es1 or t to :i* !  ,rats &
 ,mice are ref]r$4 ,let u see h[ !      
diff]5t ,species diff]  f "o ano!r4     

,?\gh we give two names 9 ! v]nacul> to 
! ,g5us ,h>e1 bo? ,h>es & ,rabbits agree
 9 all ! /ructural  peculi>ities :i*    
con/itute a ,g5us2 b ! diff]5t ,species 
are  di/+ui%$ by _! absolute size :5    
full-gr[n1--by ! nature &  color ( _!   
fur1--by ! size & =m ( ! e>1--by !      
relative  l5g? ( _! legs & tail1--by ! m
 or less sl5d] build (  _! :ole         
body1--by _! habits1 "s liv+ 9 op5      
gr\nds1  o!rs among ! bu%es1 o!rs 9     
swamps1 o!rs burr[+ "u !  e>?1--by !    
numb] ( "y !y br+ =?1--by _! diff]5t    
seasons ( bre$+1--& by /ill m9or        
diff]5ces1 su* z !  p]man5t color ( !   
hair ?r\gh\t ! ye> 9 "s1 :ile 9 o!rs  x 
turns :ite 9 w9t]4 ,! ,rats & ,mice     
diff] 9 a simil> way3  !re be+ l>ge &   
small ,species1--"s gray1 "s br[n1 o!rs 
ru/-color$1--"s ) s(t1 o!rs ) co>se     
hair2 !y diff] also  9 ! l5g? ( ! tail1 
& 9 hav+ x m or less cov]$ )  hair1--9 !
 cut ( ! e>s1 & _! size1--9 ! l5g? (  _!
 limbs1 :i* are sl5d] & long 9 "s1 %ort 
& ?ick 9  o!rs1--9 _! v>i\s ways (      

liv+1--9 ! diff]5t sub/ances  on :i* !y 
fe$1--& also 9 _! di/ribution ov] !     
surface  ( ! e>?1 :e!r circumscrib$ )9  
c]ta9 limit$ areas  or scatt]$ ov] a    
wid] range4 ,:at is n[ ! nature ( ^!    
diff]5ces by :i* we di/+ui% ,species8   
,!y are totally di/9ct  f any ( !       
categories on :i* ,g5]a1 ,families1     
,ord]s1 ,classes1  or ,bran*es are      
f\nd$1 & may readily be r$uc$ to a few  
heads4 ,!y  are diff]5ces 9 ! proportion
 ( ! p>ts & 9 ! absolute size  ( ! :ole 
animal1 9 ! color & g5]al ornam5tation (
 !  surface ( ! body1 & 9 ! relations ( 
! individuals to "o  ano!r & to ! _w    
ar\nd4 ,a f>!r analysis ( o!r ,g5]a     
w\ld %[ u t among ,birds1 ,reptiles1    
,fi%es1 &1 9 fact1  ?r\gh\t ! ,animal   
,k+dom1 ,species ( well-def9$ natural   
,g5]a  diff] 9 ! same way4 ,we are !re=e
 ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t !  category ( *>act]s 
on :i* ,species are bas$ implies no     
/ructural  diff]5ces1 b pres5ts ! same  
/ructure comb9$ "u c]ta9  m9or diff]5ces
 ( size1 proportion1 & habits4 ,all !   

specific  *>act]s /& 9 direct ref]5ce to
 ! g5]ic /ructure1 !  family =m1 !      
ord9al complication ( /ructure1 ! mode (
  execution ( ! ,class1 & ! plan (      
/ructure ( ! ,bran*1 all (  :i* are     
embodi$ 9 ! frame ( ea* individual 9 ea*
 ,species1 ev5  ?\gh all ^! individuals 
are con/antly dy+ away & reproduc+      
o!rs2 s t ! specific *>act]s h no m     
p]man5cy 9 !  individuals ?an ^? :i*    
*>act]ize ! ,g5us1 ! ,family1 !  ,ord]1 
! ,class1 & ! ,bran*4 ,i believe1 !re=e1
 t naturali/s  h be5 entirely wrong 9   
consid]+ ! m compreh5sive gr\ps  to be  
!oretical & 9 a measure arbitr>y1 an    
attempt1 t is1 (  c]ta9 m5 to classify !
 ,animal ,k+dom accord+ to _! individual
  views1 :ile !y h ascrib$ to ,species1 
z contra/$ ) ! o!r  divisions1 a m      
positive exi/5ce 9 ,nature4 ,no fur!r   
argum5t  is ne$$ to %[ t x is n only !  
,species t lives 9 !  individual1 b t e 
individual1 ?\gh belong+ to a di/9ct    
,species1 is built ^u a precise &       
def9ite plan :i* *>act]izes  its        

,bran*1--t t plan is execut$ 9 ea*      
individual 9 a  p>ticul> way :i*        
*>act]izes its ,class1--t e individual  
) its k9dr$ occupies a def9ite position 
9 a s]ies ( /ructural  complications :i*
 *>act]izes its ,ord]1--t 9 e individual
  all ^! /ructural features are comb9$  
"u a def9ite patt]n (  =m :i* *>act]izes
 its ,family1--t e individual exhibits  
/ructural details 9 ! f9i% ( its p>ts   
:i* *>act]ize its  ,g5us1--& f9ally t e 
individual pres5ts c]ta9 peculi>ities  9
 ! proportion ( its p>ts1 9 its color1 9
 its size1 9 its  relations to its      
fell[-be+s & surr\nd+ ?+s1 :i* con/itute
  its specific *>act]s2 & all ?is is    
repeat$ 9 ! same k9d (  comb9ation1     
g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 :ile !          
individuals die4  ,if we accept ^!      
propositions1 :i* seem to me            
self-evid5t1 x is  impossible to avoid !
 conclusion t ,species d n exi/ 9       
,nature  9 any o!r s5se ?an ! m         
compreh5sive gr\ps ( ! zoological       
sy/ems4    ,!re is "o "q respect+       

,species t gives rise to v e>ne/        
discussions 9 our day1 n only among     
naturali/s1 b among all  ?9k+ p4 ,h[ f> 
are !y p]man5t1 & h[ f> mutable8 ,)     
ref]5ce to ! p]man5ce ( ,species1 !re is
 mu* to be le>n$ f  ! geological ph5om5a
 t belong to our own p]iod1 & t be>     
witness to ! inv>iability ( types dur+  
hundr$s ( ?\s&s (  ye>s at lea/4 ,i hope
 to pres5t a "p ( ?is evid5ce 9 a future
  article ^u ,coral ,reefs1 b 9 ! mean  
"t ,i _c leave ?is  subject )\t t\*+ ^u 
a po9t ( :i* great use has be5 made  9  
rec5t discussions4 ,i ref] to !         
v>iability ( ,species z %[n 9           
dome/ication4    ,! dome/icat$ animals )
 _! num]\s bre$s are con/antly  adduc$ z
 evid5ce ( ! *anges :i* animals may     
und]go1 & z  furni%+ h9ts respect+ ! way
 9 :i* ! div]sity n[ obs]v$  among      
animals has already be5 produc$4 ,x is  
my conviction t su*  inf]5ces are 9 no  
way su/a9$ by ! facts ( ! case1 & t1    
h[ev] /rik+ ! diff]5ces may be betwe5 ! 
bre$s ( our  dome/icat$ animals1 z      

comp>$ ) ! wild ,species ( ! same       
,g5us1 !y are ( a peculi> "* entirely   
di/9ct f ^?  t prevail among ! latt]1 & 
are altoge!r incid5t to !  circum/ances 
"u :i* !y occur4 ,by ?is ,i d n mean !  
natural  action ( physical conditions1 b
 ! m or less intellig5t  direction ( !  
circum/ances "u :i* !y live4 ,! inf]5ce 
drawn f ! v>ieties introduc$ among      
animals 9 a /ate (  dome/ication1 )     
ref]5ce to ! orig9 ( ,species1 is       
usually ?is3  t :at ! f>m] does on a    
small scale ,nature may d on a l>ge "o4 
,x is true t man has be5 able to produce
 c]ta9 *anges 9 !  animals "u 8 c>e1 & t
 ^! *anges h result$ 9 a  v>iety (      
bre$s4 ,b 9 do+ ?is1 he has1 9 my       
e/imation1 9 no  way alt]$ ! "* ( !     
,species1 b has only develop$ its       
pliability to ! w ( man1 t is1 to a p[] 
simil> 9 its  nature & mode ( action to 
t p[] to :i* animals owe _! v  exi/5ce4 
,! influ5ce ( man ^u ,animals is1 9 o!r 
words1 !  action ( m9d ^u !m2 & yet !   
ord9>y mode ( argu+ ^u  ?is subject is1 

t1 because ! intellig5ce ( man has be5  
able to  produce c]ta9 v>ieties 9       
dome/icat$ animals1 !re=e physical      
causes h produc$ all ! div]sities among 
wild ones4 ,surely1 !  s\nd] logic w\ld 
be to inf]1 t1 because our f9ite        
intellig5ce  c cause ! orig9al patt]n to
 v>y by "s slight %ades (  diff]5ce1    
!re=e an inf9ite intellig5ce mu/ h      
e/abli%$  all ! b\ndless div]sity ( :i* 
our boa/$ v>ieties are b !  fa9te/ e*o4 
,x is ! mo/ intellig5t f>m] t has !     
greate/  success 9 improv+ 8 bre$s2 & if
 ! animals he has s fo/]$  are left to  
!mselves )\t t intellig5t c>e1 !y return
  to _! normal condition4 ,s ) plants3 !
 %rewd1 obs]v+1  ?\ghtful g>d5] w obta9 
_m v>ieties f 8 fl[]s2 b  ^? v>ieties w 
fade out1 if left to !mselves4 ,!re is1 
z x  71 a c]ta9 degree ( pliability &   
docility 9 ! organization  bo? ( animals
 & plants1 :i* may be develop$ by !     
fo/]+ c>e  ( man1 & )9 :i* he c ex]cise 
a c]ta9 influ5ce2 b !  v>iations :i* he 
?us produces are ( a peculi> k9d1 & d n 

correspond to ! diff]5ces ( ! wild      
,species4 ,let u take "s  examples to   
illu/rate ?is ass]tion4    ,e ,species (
 wild ,bull diff]s f ! o!rs 9 its size2 
b  all ! individuals correspond to !    
av]age /&>d ( size  *>act]i/ic ( _!     
respective ,species1 & %[ none ( ^?     
extreme diff]5ces ( size s rem>kable    
among our dome/icat$  ,cattle4 ,e       
,species ( wild ,bull has its peculi>   
color1 & all !  individuals ( "o        
,species %>e 9 x3 n s ) our dome/icat$  
,cattle1 among :i* e individual may     
diff] 9 color f e  o!r4 ,all !          
individuals ( ! same ,species ( wild    
,bull agree 9 !  proportion ( _! p>ts1 9
 ! mode ( gr[? ( ! hair1 9 its  quality1
 :e!r f9e or s(t3 n s ) our dome/icat$  
,cattle1  among :i* we f9d 9 ! same     
,species ov]gr[n & dw>fi%  individuals1 
^? ) long & %ort legs1 ) sl5d] & /\t    
build ( ! body1 ) horns or )\t1 z well z
 ! greate/  v>iety 9 ! mode ( twi/+ !   
horns1--9 %ort1 ! wide/  extremes (     
developm5t :i* ! degree ( pliability 9 t

 ,species  w all[4    ,a curi\s in/ance 
( ! p[] ( man1 n only 9 develop+ !      
pliability ( an animal's organization1 b
 9 adapt+ x to suit 8  own caprices1 is 
t ( ! ,gold5 ,c>p1 s frequ5tly se5 9    
b[ls  & tanks z ! ornam5t ( draw+-rooms 
& g>d5s4 ,n only an  inf9ite v>iety (   
spott$1 /rip$1 v>iegat$ colors has be5  
produc$ 9 ^! ,fi%es1 b1 especially among
 ! ,*9ese1 s fam\s  = _! morbid love (  
:atev] is di/ort$ & w>p$ f its  natural 
%ape & appe>ance1 all sorts ( *anges h  
be5 br\ght  ab\t 9 ?is s+le ,species4 ,a
 book ( ,*9ese pa9t+s %[+ !  ,gold5 ,c>p
 9 its v>ieties repres5ts "s z %ort &   
/\t1  o!rs long & sl5d]1--"s ) ! v5tral 
side swoll51 o!rs  hun*-back$1--"s ) !  
m\? greatly enl>g$1 :ile 9 o!rs  !      
caudal f91 :i* 9 ! normal condition ( ! 
,species is plac$  v]tically at ! end ( 
! tail & is =k$ l ^? ( o!r  ,fi%es1 has 
become cre/$ & ar*$1 or is d\ble1 or    
crook$1 or has  sw]v$ 9 "s o!r way f its
 orig9al patt]n4 ,b 9 all ^!  v>iations 
!re is no?+ :i* recalls ! *>act]i/ic    

specific  diff]5ces among !             
repres5tatives ( ! ,c>p ,family1 :i* 9  
_!  wild /ate are v monoton\s 9 _!      
appe>ance all ! _w ov]4    ,7 x         
appropriate to accumulate evid5ce "h ^u 
?is subject1 ,i  c\ld br+ =w>d _m m     
examples q z /rik+ z ^? above  m5tion$4 
,! v>i\s bre$s ( our dome/icat$ ,horses 
pres5t !  same k9d ( irregul>ities1 & d 
n diff] f ea* o!r 9 !  same way z ! wild
 ,species diff] f "o ano!r4 ,or take !  
,g5us  ,dog3 ! diff]5ces betwe5 its wild
 ,species d n correspond 9 !  lea/ ) !  
diff]5ces obs]v$ among ! dome/icat$     
ones4 ,comp>e  ! diff]5ces betwe5 !     
v>i\s k9ds ( ,jackals & ,wolves )  ^? t 
exi/ betwe5 ! ,bull-,dog & ,greyh\nd1 = 
in/ance1 or  betwe5 ! ,/4 ,*>les & !    
,t]ri]1 or betwe5 ! ,esquimaux &  !     
,newf\ndl& ,dog4 ,i ne$ h>dly add t :at 
is true ( ! ,horses1  ! ,cattle1 !      
,dogs1 is true also ( ! ,donkey1 !      
,goat1 ! ,%eep1  ! ,pig1 ! ,cat1 !      
,rabbit1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( b>n-y>d       
f[l1--9  %ort1 ( all ^? animals t are 9 

dome/icity ! *os5  companions ( man4    
,9 fact1 all ! v>iability among         
dome/icat$ ,species is due to !  fo/]+  
c>e1 or1 9 its m extravagant freaks1 to 
! fancies (  man1 & x has nev] be5      
obs]v$ 9 ! wild ,species1 :]e1 on  !    
contr>y1 ev]y?+ %[s ! close/ adh]5ce to 
! di/9ct1  well-def9$1 & inv>iable      
limits ( ! ,species4 ,x surely does  n  
foll[1 t1 because ! ,*9ese c1 "u        
abnormal conditions1  produce a v>iety (
 fanta/ic %apes 9 ! ,gold5 ,c>p1 !re=e  
wat]1 or ! physical conditions e/abli%$ 
9 ! wat]1 c create a  ,fi%1 any m ?an x 
foll[s1 t1 because !y c dw>f a tree1 or 
alt] its aspect by /unt+ its gr[? 9 "o  
direction & =c+ x  9 ano!r1 !re=e ! e>?1
 or ! physical conditions connect$  ) _!
 gr[?1 c create a ,p9e1 an ,oak1 a      
,bir*1 or a ,maple4  ,i confess t 9 all 
! argum5ts d]iv$ f ! ph5om5a (          
dome/ication1 to prove t all animals owe
 _! orig9 & div]sity  to ! natural      
action ( ! conditions "u :i* !y live1 ! 
conclusion does n seem to me to foll[   

logically f ! premises4  ,& ! fact t !  
dome/icat$ animals ( all races ( m51    
equally  ) ! :ite race1 v>y among       
!mselves 9 ! same way & diff]  9 ! same 
way f ! wild ,species1 makes x /ill m   
evid5t t  dome/icat$ v>ieties d n expla9
 ! orig9 ( ,species1 except1 z  ,i h    
said1 by %[+ t ! intellig5t w ( man c   
produce  effects :i* physical causes h  
nev] be5 kn[n to produce1 & t  we mu/   
!re=e look to "s cause outside (        
,nature1 correspond+ 9  k9d1 ?\gh s     
diff]5t 9 degree1 to ! intellig5ce (    
man1 =  all ! ph5om5a connect$ ) !      
exi/5ce ( animals 9 _! wild  /ate4 ,s f>
 f attribut+ ^! orig9al diff]5ces among 
animals  to natural influ5ces1 x w\ld   
seem1 t1 :ile a c]ta9 fre$om (          
developm5t is left1 )9 ! limits ( :i*   
man c ex]cise 8  intellig5ce & 8 +5uity1
 n ev5 ?is sup]ficial influ5ce is  all[$
 to physical conditions unaid$ by "s    
guid+ p[]1 s9ce 9  _! normal /ate ! wild
 ,species rema91 s f> z we h be5 able   
to discov]1 entirely un*ang$1--ma9ta9$1 

x is true1 9 _!  integrity by !         
circum/ances t 7 e/abli%$ = _! support  
by ! p[] t creat$ bo?1 b nev] alt]$ by  
!m4 ,nature holds  inviolable ! /amp t  
,god has set ^u 8 creatures2 & if man   
is able to influ5ce _! organization 9 "s
 slight degree1 x is  because ! ,creator
 has giv5 to 8 relations ) ! animals he 
has  int5d$ = 8 companions ! same       
pla/icity :i* he has all[$ to  e o!r    
side ( 8 life1 9 virtue ( :i* he may 9  
"s sort  m\ld & %ape x to 8 own ends1 & 
be held responsible also = its  results4
    ,! common s5se ( a civiliz$         
community has already po9t$ out !  true 
di/9ction 9 apply+ ano!r ^w to !        
discrim9ation ( !  diff]5t k9ds (       
dome/icat$ animals4 ,!y are call$       
,bre$s1 &  ,bre$s among animals are ! "w
 ( man2--,species 7 creat$ by ,god4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,! ,,/rasburg ,,clock4        ,_m & _m 
a ye> ago1--    ,to say h[ _m ,i sc>cely
 d>e1--    ,?ree ( u /ood 9 ,/rasburg   
/reets1    ,9 ! wide & op5 squ>e1       

,:]e1 qua9t & old & t\*$ ) ! gold    ,( 
a summ] morn1 at /roke ( noon    ,!     
tongue ( ! great ,ca!dral toll$1    ,&  
into ! *ur* ) ! cr[d we /roll$    ,to   
see _! wond]1 ! fam\s ,clock4    ,well1 
my love1 !re are clocks a _m1    ,z big 
z a h\se1 z small z a p5ny2    ,& clocks
 !re be ) voices z que]    ,z any t     
torture human e>1--    ,clocks t grunt1 
& clocks t gr[l1    ,t :eeze l a pump1 &
 hoot l an owl1    ,f ! c(f9 %ape ) its 
brood+ face    ,t /&s on ! /air1 7y "k !
 place17    ,say+1 ,click1 cluck1 l an  
anci5t h51    ,a-ga!r+ ! m9utes home    
aga91    ,to ! kit*5 knave ) its wood5  
/utt]1    ,do+ equal "w ) d\ble splutt]1
    ,yelp+1 ,click1 clack1 ) a vulg>    
j]k1    ,z mu* z to say1 ,j see me "w6  
,b ( all ! clocks t tell ,"t's          
bead-roll1    ,!re are none l ?is 9 !   
old ,ca!dral2    ,nev] a "o s bids y /& 
,:ile x deals ! m9utes ) ev5 h&3    ,=  
clocks1 l m51 are bett] & worse1    ,&  
"s y dote on1 & "s y curse2    ,& clock 
& man may h su* a way    ,( tell+ ! tru?

 t y c't say nay4      ,s 9 we w5t &    
/ood 9 ! cr[d    ,to he> ! old clock z x
 croon$ al\d1    ,) s\nd & symbol1 !    
only tongue    ,! mak] taught x :ile yet
 't 0 "y4    ,& we saw ,sa9t ,pet] clasp
 8 h&s1    ,& ! cock cr[ ho>sely to all 
! l&s1    ,& ! ,twelve ,apo/les come &  
g1    ,& ! solemn ,*ri/ pass sadly &    
sl[2    ,& /range t iron-legg$          
procession1    ,& odd to u ! :ole       
impression1    ,z ! cr[d b5ea?1 9 sil5ce
 press+1    ,b5t to t cold me*anic      
bless+4      ,b ,i alone ?\ght f> 9 my  
s\l    ,:at a t\* ( g5ius 0 9 ! :ole1   
,& felt h[ graceful _h be5 ! ?\ght      
,:i* = ! signs ( ! mon?s _h s\ght1      
,sweete/ ( symbols1 ,*ri/'s *os5 tra92  
,& mu* ,i pond]$1 if he ^: bra9    ,_h  
build$ ?is clock ) labor & pa9    ,did  
only ?9k1 twelve mon?s !re are1    ,& ! 
,bible twelve w fit to a hair2    ,or   
did he say1 ) a he>t 9 tune1            
,well-lov$ ,john is ! sign ( ,june1     
,& *angeful ,pet] ha? ,april h\rs1    ,&
 ,paul ! /ately1 ,octob] b[]s1    ,&    

sweet1 or fai?ful1 or bold1 or /rong1   
,unto ea* "o %all a mon? belong4      ,b
 beside ! ?\ght t "u x lurks1    ,pray1 
d y ?9k clocks are sav$ by _! works8    
,,ar?ur ,,hugh ,,cl\gh4      ,to w9 su* 
love z ,ar?ur ,hugh ,cl\gh won 9 life1  
to leave s de> a  memory z he has left1 
is a happ9ess t falls to few m54 ,9     
,am]ica1  z 9 ,engl&1 8 dea? is m\rn$ by
 fri5ds ^: affection is bett]  ?an fame1
 & :o 9 los+ him h met ) an irrep>able  
loss4  ,outside ! circle ( 8 fri5ds 8   
reputation _h no l>ge ext5t2  b ?\gh 8  
writ+s are b little kn[n by ! great     
public (  read]s1 !y are priz$ by all ^?
 ( ?\ghtful & poetic temp]  to ^: h&s !y
 h come1 z among ! mo/ preci\s & orig9al
  productions ( ! "t4 ,to ^? :o knew him
 p]sonally 8 poems _h  a special wor? & 
*>m1 z ! s9c]e expression ( a "* (  !   
pure/ /amp1 ( r>e tru?fulness &         
simplicity1 n less t5d]  ?an /rong1 & ( 
a g5ius ?or\ghly individual 9 its =m1 & 
full  ( ! promise ( a l>ge c>e]4 ,he 0  
by ,nature end[$ ) subtile  & pr(\nd    

p[]s ( ?\ght1 ) feel+ at once delicate &
  int5se1 ) lively & g5]\s sympa?ies1 & 
) consci5ti\sness  s acute z to p]vade &
 control 8 :ole intellectual            
disposition4  ,lov+1 seek+1 & hold+ fa/ 
to ! tru?1 he despis$ all  fals5ess &   
affectation4 ,) 8 s]i\s & e>ne/ ?9k+ 0  
jo9$ ! play ( a g5ial humor & !         
brightness ( poetic fancy4  ,lib]al 9   
s5tim5t1 absolutely free f dogmatism &  
pride (  intellect1 ( a que/ion+ temp]1 
b ( rev]5t _s1 fai?ful 9  ! p]=mance n  
only ( ! l>g] duties1 b also ( ! less]  
*>ities & ! famili> c\rtesies ( life1 he
 has left a memory (  s+ul> consi/5cy1  
purity1 & dignity4 ,he liv$ to          
consci5ce1 n  = %[1 & few m5 c>ry ?r\gh 
life s :ite a s\l4    ,a notice ( ,mr4  
,cl\gh und]/ood to be writt5 by "o :o   
knew him well  gives ! outl9e ( 8 life4 
,ar?ur ,hugh ,cl\gh 0 educat$ at ,rugby1
 to :i* s*ool he w5t  v "y1 soon aft]   
,dr4 ,arnold _h be5 elect$ head-ma/]4   
,he  di/+ui%$ himself at once by ga9+ ! 
only s*ol>%ip :i*  exi/$ at t "t1 & :i* 

0 op5 to ! :ole s*ool "u !  age (       
f\rte54 ,be=e he 0 sixte5 he 0 at ! head
 ( ! fif?  =m1 &1 z t 0 ! e>lie/ age at 
:i* boys 7 !n admitt$  into ! six?1 _h  
to wait = a ye> be=e com+ "u ! p]sonal  
tuition ( ! headma/]4 ,he came 9 ! next 
7s*ool7 g5]ation to  ,/anley & ,vaughan1
 & ga9$ a reputation1 if possible1 ev5  
great]  ?an !irs4 ,at ! ye>ly spee*es1 9
 ! la/ ye> ( 8 resid5ce1  :5 ! prizes   
are giv5 away 9 ! pres5ce ( ! s*ool & ! 
fri5ds :o ga!r on su* occasions1 ,arnold
 took ! almo/ unexampl$  c\rse (        
address+ him1 7:5 he & two fags w5t up  
to c>ry (f 8  load ( spl5didly b\nd     
books17 & congratulat+ him on hav+  ga9$
 e honor :i* ,rugby c\ld be/[1 & hav+   
also already  di/+ui%$ himself & done ! 
highe/ cr$it to 8 s*ool at !            
,univ]sity4 ,he _h j ga9$ a s*ol>%ip at 
,balliol1 !n1 z n[1  ! blue ribbon (    
und]graduates4    ,at s*ool1 al?\gh be=e
 all ?+s a /ud5t1 he _h ?or\ghly  ent]$ 
into ! life ( ! place1 & be=e he left _h
 ga9$  supreme influ5ce ) ! boys4 ,he 0 

! lead+ contributor to !  ',rugby       
,magaz9e'2 & ?\gh a weakness 9 8 ankles 
prev5t$ him f  tak+ a prom95t "p 9 !    
games ( ! place1 0 kn[n z !  be/        
goal-keep] on record1 a reputation :i*  
no boy c\ld h ga9$  )\t promptness &    
c\rage4 ,he 0 also "o ( ! be/ swimm]s 9 
! s*ool1 8 weakness ( ankle be+ no      
drawback "h1 & 9 8  la/ half pass$ !    
crucial te/ ( t day1 by swimm+ f        
,swift's  7! ba?+-place ( ! six?7 to !  
mill on ! ,leice/] road1 &  back aga91  
betwe5 call+s ov]4    ,he w5t to reside 
at ,ox=d :5 ! :ole ,univ]sity 0 9 a     
f]m5t4  ,! /ruggle ( ,alma ,mat] to     
humble or ca/ out ! mo/ rem>kable  ( h] 
sons 0 at its height4 ,w>d _h n yet be5 
arraign$ = 8  op9ions1 & 0 a fell[ &    
tutor ( ,balliol1 & ,newman 0 9         
resid5ce at ,oriel1 & incumb5t ( ,/4    
,m>y's4    ,cl\gh's 0 a m9d :i*1 "u any 
circum/ances1 w\ld h ?r[n  itself into !
 deepe/ speculative ?\ght ( its "t4 ,he 
seems soon  to h pass$ ?r\gh ! m]e      
ecclesia/ical debat+s to ! deep         

que/ions :i* lay bel[ !m4 ,!re 0 "o     
lesson--probably "o  only--:i* he _h    
nev] be5 able to le>n f 8 great ma/]1   
namely1 to ackn[l$ge t !re are problems 
:i* intellectually are  n to be solv$ by
 man1 & be=e ^! to sit d[n quietly4     
,:e!r  x 7 f ! h>ass ( ?\ght on su*     
matt]s :i* int]f]$ )  8 regul> "w1 or f 
"o ( ^? /range misc>riages 9 ! mo/      
p]fect ( exam9+ ma*9es1 :i* e n[ & !n   
deprive ! be/  m5 ( ! highe/ honors1 to 
! surprise ( e "o ,cl\gh miss$  8 fir/  
class4 ,b he completely retriev$ ?is    
academical mi%ap  %ortly aft]w>ds by    
ga9+ an ,oriel fell[%ip4 ,9 8 new       
college1  ! college ( ,pusey1 ,newman1  
,keble1 ,m>riott1 ,wilb]=ce1 presid$    
ov] by ,dr4 ,hawk9s1 & 9 :i* ! influ5ce 
( ,:ately1 ,davidson1  & ,arnold _h     
sc>cely yet di$ out1 he f\nd himself 9 !
 v  c5tre & eye ( ! battle4 ,8 own      
convictions 7 by ?is "t  lead+ him f>   
away f bo? sides 9 ! ,ox=d conte/2 he1  
h[ev]1  accept$ a tutor%ip at ! college1
 & all :o _h ! privilege (  att5d+ !m w 

long rememb] 8 lectures on logic &      
e?ics4  ,8 fault 7besides a %y & res]v$ 
mann]7 0 t he 0 mu* too  long-suff]+ to 
y\?ful philosophic coxcombry1 & w\ld r  
enc\rage x by 8 g5tle ',ah6 y ?9k s8'   
or1 ',yes1 b might n  su* & su* be !    
case8'    ,cl\gh 0 at ,ox=d 9 #ahdg1--! 
ye> ( ! t]rible ,iri% fam9e1  & ) o!rs (
 ! mo/ e>ne/ m5 at ! ,univ]sity he took 
"p  9 an association :i* _h = its object
 ,retr5*m5t = ! sake  ( ! ,iri%4 ,su* a 
society 0 little likely to be popul> ) !
  com=table dignit>ies or ! luxuri\s y\?
 ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,_m  objections1       
frivol\s or s]i\s z ! case might be1 7  
rais$  aga9/ s subv]sive a notion z t ( 
! self-sacrifice ( ! ri*  = ! sake ( !  
poor4 ,disreg>d+ all p]sonal            
consid]ations1  ,cl\gh pr9t$ a pamphlet 
entitl$1 ,a ,consid]ation ( ,objections 
aga9/ ! ,retr5*m5t ,association1 9 :i*  
he met ! c>eless or  selfi% argum5ts (  
^? :o set !mselves aga9/ ! ef=ts (  !   
society4 ,x 0 a *>act]i/ic p]=mance4 ,8 
he>t 0 deeply  /irr$ by ! h>% contra/   

betwe5 ! mis]ies ( ! ,iri% poor &  !    
wa/eful extravagance ( liv+ preval5t at 
,ox=d4 ,he wrote )  vehem5t indignation 
aga9/ ! selfi% pleas ( ! indiff]5t &  ! 
?\ghtless possessors ( weal?1 wa/]s ( ! 
goods giv5 !m z  a tru/ = o!rs4 ,8 words
 7 *iefly address$ to ! "y m5  at !     
,univ]sity1--& !y 7 n )\t effect4 ,su*  
views ( !  rights & duties ( prop]ty z  
he put =w>d1 ( ! claims ( labor1  & ( ! 
responsibilities ( ! ari/ocracy1 _h n   
be5 (t5 he>d  at ,ox=d4 ,he 0 call$ a   
,sociali/ & a ,radical1 b x matt]$      
little to him by :at "n he 0 kn[n to ^? 
^: consci5ces 7  n t\*$ by 8 appeal4 ,w 
y say1 he writes t[>d ! end (  ?is      
pamphlet1 ?is is all rhetoric &         
declamation8 ,!re is1 ,i d>e  say1      
some?+ too mu* 9 t k9d4 ,:at ) criticiz+
 /yle &  correct+ ex]cises1 we college  
tutors p]haps may be likely1 9 !  heat (
 composition1 to lose sight ( realities1
 & pass into ! limbo  ( !               
factiti\s1--especially :5 ! ?+ mu/ be   
done at odd times1  9 any case1 &1 if at

 all1 quickly4 ,b if ,i h be5 oblig$ to 
write hurri$ly1 believe me1 ,i h oblig$ 
myself to ?9k n ha/ily4  ,& believe me1 
too1 ?\gh ,i h desir$ to succe$ 9 putt+ 
vividly  & =cibly t :i* vividly & =cibly
 ,i felt & saw1 /ill !  graces &        
spl5dors ( composition 7 ?\ghts f> less 
pres5t to my  m9d ?an ,iri% poor m5's   
mis]ies1 ,engli% poor m5's h>d%ips1 &   
y\r un?9k+ indiff]5ce4 ,%ock+ en\gh !   
fir/ & ! second1  almo/ m %ock+ ! ?ird4 
,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t ! mo/ widely kn[n ( 8
 works1 ,!  ,bo?ie ( ,top]-na-,fuosi*1 a
 ,long-,vacation ,pa/oral1 0 writt54 ,x 
0 publi%$ 9 #ahdh1 & ?\gh x at once     
secur$ a circle ( w>m  admir]s1 & !     
edition 0 v soon exhau/$1 x is assur$ly 
des]v+ ( a f> high] popul>ity ?an x has 
ev] atta9$4 ,!  poem 0 repr9t$ 9        
,am]ica1 at ,cambridge1 9 #ahdi1 & x may
 be  safely ass]t$ t its m]it 0 m deeply
 felt & m g5]\sly  ackn[l$g$ by ,am]ican
 ?an by ,engli% read]s4 ,! fact t its   
ess5tial =m & local color+ 7 purely &   
g5u9ely ,engli%1 &  ?us gratifi$ !      

curiosity felt 9 ?is c\ntry conc]n+ !   
social  habits & ways ( life 9 ! "m-l&1 
:ile on ! o!r h& its  _s 0 9 sympa?y ) !
 mo/ lib]al & progressive ?\ght  ( !    
age1 may suffici5tly acc\nt = its       
popul>ity "h4 ,b  ! lov]s ( poetry f\nd 
delight 9 x1 ap>t f ^!  *>act]i/ics1--9 
its fre% descriptions ( ,nature1 its    
heal?y  manl9ess ( tone1 its s*ol>ly    
con/ruction1 its lively humor1 its  l>ge
 ?\ght quick5$ & deep5$ by ! p5etrat+   
imag9ation (  ! poet4    ,any "o :o has 
read x w ackn[l$ge t a tutor%ip at      
,oriel 0  n ! place = ! au?or4 ,! int5se
 love ( fre$om1 ! deep &  he>ty sympa?y 
) ! =emo/ ?\ght ( ! "t1 ! humor\s  deal+
 ) old =mulas & conv5tionalisms gr[n    
mean+less1 :i*  brea! 9 e l9e ( !       
',bo?ie1' %[ ?is cle>ly en\gh4 ,he  w\ld
 tell 9 aft]-life1 ) mu* enjoym5t1 h[ ! 
dons ( !  ,univ]sity1 :o1 he>+ t he _h  
some?+ 9 ! press1 & kn[+  t 8 !ological 
views 7 n :olly s\nd1 7 look+ = a       
publication on ! ,articles1 7 a/\nd$ by 
! appe>ance ( t  fre% & frolicsome poem4

 ,ox=d 7at lea/ ! ,oriel common room7  &
 he 7 becom+ m e/rang$ daily4 ,h[ ke5ly 
he felt !  e/rangem5t1 n f ,ox=d1 b f   
old fri5ds1 ab\t ?is "t1  c be read only
 9 8 own words4 ,x is 9 su* poems z !   
,qua  ,cursum ,v5tus1 or ! sonnet       
beg9n+1 ,well1 well1--,heav5 bless y    
all f day to day6 t x is to be read4    
,^!1 ) a few o!r  fugitive pieces1 7    
pr9t$1 9 company ) v]ses by a fri5d1 z  
"o "p ( a small volume entitl$1         
,amb>valia1 :i* nev] atta9$  any g5]al  
circulation1 al?\gh conta9+ "s poems :i*
 w take  _! place among ! be/ ( ,engli% 
poetry ( ?is g5]ation4      ,qua ,cursum
 ,v5tus4      ,z %ips1 becalm$ at eve1 t
 lay       ,) canvas droop+1 side by    
side1    ,two t[]s ( sail at dawn ( day1
       ,are sc>ce long leagues ap>t     
descri$3      ,:5 fell ! night1 upsprung
 ! breeze1       ,& all ! d>kl+ h\rs !y 
pli$1    ,nor dreamt b ea* ! self-same  
seas       ,by ea* 0 cleav+ side by     
side3      ,e'en s----,b :y ! tale      
reveal       ,( ^? :om1 ye> by ye>      

un*ang$1    ,brief abs5ce jo9$ anew to  
feel1       ,a/\nd$1 s\l f s\l e/rang$8 
,at dead ( night _! sails 7 fill$1      
,& onw>d ea* rejoic+ /e]$3    ,ah1 nei!r
 blame1 = nei!r will$1       ,or wi/1   
:at fir/ ) dawn appe>$6      ,to ve]1 h[
 va96 ,on1 onw>d /ra91       ,brave     
b>ks6 ,9 light1 9 d>kness too1    ,?r\gh
 w9ds & tides "o compass guides3        
,to t1 & y\r own selves1 be true6       
,b1 ,o bli! breeze6 & ,o great seas6    
,?\gh ne'er1 t e>lie/ p>t+ pa/1    ,on  
y\r wide pla9 !y jo9 aga91       ,toge!r
 lead !m home at la/6      ,"o port1    
me?\ght1 alike !y s\ght1       ,"o      
purpose hold :]e'er !y f>e3    ,o b\nd+ 
breeze6 ,o ru%+ seas6       ,at la/1 at 
la/1 unite !m !re6    ,9 #ahdh-di !     
revolution>y crisis came on ,europe1 &  
,cl\gh's  sympa?ies drew him ) great    
e>ne/ness into ! /ruggles :i* 7  go+ on4
 ,he 0 9 ,p>is directly aft] !          
b>ricades1 & 9 ,rome  dur+ ! siege1 :]e 
he ga9$ ! fri5d%ip ( ,saffi & o!r  lead+
 ,italian patriots4 ,a "p ( 8 exp]i5ces 

& 8 ?\ghts  :ile at ,rome are int]wov5 )
 ! /ory 9 8 ,am\rs de ,voyage1 a  poem  
:i* exhibits 9 extraord9>y measure !    
subtilty & delicacy  ( 8 p[]s1 & !      
fulness ( 8 sympa?y ) ! intellectual    
conditions ( ! "t4 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 !
 ,atlantic ,mon?ly  = #aheh1 & 0 at once
 e/abli%$ 9 ! admiration ( read]s       
capable ( appreciat+ its r>e & ref9$    
excell5ce4 ,! _s  ( ! poem is ?or\ghly  
*>act]i/ic ( its au?or1 & !             
speculative1 analytic turn ( 8 m9d is   
repres5t$ 9 _m passages  ( ! lett]s ( ! 
imag9>y h]o4 ,_h he be5 writ+ 9 8 own   
"n1 he c\ld n h utt]$ 8 inmo/ conviction
 m di/9ctly1  or h giv5 ! clue to 8     
intellectual life m op5ly ?an 9 !       
foll[+ v]ses3--      ,i w look /raight  
out1 see ?+s1 n try to            evade 
!m3    ,fact %all be ,fact = me2 & !    
,tru? !            ,tru? z ev]1         
,flexible1 *angeable1 vague1 & multi=m  
& d\btful4    ,or1 aga91--      ,ah1 !  
key ( our life1 t passes all w>ds1      
op5s all locks1    ,is n ,i w1 b ,i mu/4

 ,i mu/1--,i mu/1           --& ,i d x4 
,& /ill aga91--      ,b = ! /eady       
=e-s5se ( a fre] &            l>g]      
exi/5ce1    ,?9k y t man c\ld cons5t to 
be            circumscrib$ "h into      
action8    ,b = assurance )9 ( a        
limitless ocean            div9e1 o'er  
,^: great tranquil dep?s unconsci\s     
! w9d-to/ surface    ,breaks into       
ripples ( tr\ble t come &               
*ange & endure n1--    ,b t 9 ?is1 ( a  
tru?1 we h our            be+1 & "k x1  
,?9k y we m5 c\ld submit to live &      
move z we d "h8    ,to keep on do+      
"r1--n to speculate only1 b to act1 n to
  ?9k only1 b to live1--01 x has be5    
said1 *>act]i/ic ( !  lead+ m5 at ,ox=d 
dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,x 0 n s mu* a "p (  _! 
tea*+ z a doctr9e wov5 into _! be+4 ,&  
:ile !y  ?us ex]cis$ a moral n less ?an 
an intellectual influ5ce ov]  _!        
contempor>ies & _! pupils1 !y !mselves1 
accord+ to  _! v>i\s temp]s &           
circum/ances1 7 l$ on into new pa?s (   
inquiry or ( life4 ,"s ( !m fell into ! 

common temptations (  an ,engli%        
,univ]sity c>e]1 & lo/ ! fre%ness (     
en]gy & !  hone/y ( conviction :i* fir/ 
inspir$ !m2 o!rs1 hold+ _!  places 9 !  
e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s1 7 able by happy    
faculties  ( "* to reta9 also ! vigor & 
simplicity ( _! e>ly  purposes2 :ile    
o!rs aga91 among :om 0 ,cl\gh1 f9d+ !   
re/ra9ts ( ! ,univ]sity incompatible )  
indep5d5ce1 gave up  _! positions at    
,ox=d to seek o!r places 9 :i* !y c\ld m
  freely se>* = ! tru? & express _! own 
convictions4    ,x 0 n long aft] 8      
return f ,italy t he became ,pr(essor ( 
,engli% ,language & ,lit]ature at       
,univ]sity ,college1 ,london4 ,he fill$ 
?is place1 :i* 0 n 9 all respects suit$ 
to him1 until #aheb4  ,aft] resign+ x1  
he took v>i\s projects into             
consid]ation1 &  at l5g? det]m9$ to come
 to ,am]ica ) ! int5tion ( settl+  "h1  
if circum/ances %\ld prove favorable4 ,9
 ,novemb]1 #aheb1  he arriv$ 9 ,bo/on4  
,he at once e/abli%$ himself at         
,cambridge1  propos+ to give in/ruction 

to "y m5 prep>+ = college1 or to  take  
on 9 m advanc$ /udies ^? :o _h complet$ 
! collegiate  c\rse4 ,he spe$ily won !  
fri5d%ip ( ^? ^: fri5d%ip  0 be/ wor?   
hav+ 9 ,bo/on & its neighborhood4 ,8    
?or\gh  s*ol>%ip1 ! result ( ! be/      
,engli% tra9+1 & 8 intr9sic  qualities  
caus$ 8 society to be s\ght & priz$ by !
 mo/  cultivat$ & ?\ghtful m54 ,he _h   
no?+ ( insul> n>r[ness1 &  none ( !     
h]$it>y prejudices :i* too (t5 int]f]e )
 !  capacity ( ,engli% travell]s or     
resid5ts among u to sympa?ize )  & ju/ly
 und]/& habits ( life & ( ?\ght s       
diff]5t f  ^? to :i* !y h be5 accu/om$4 
,8 lib]al s5tim5ts & 8  indep5d5ce (    
?\ght h>moniz$ ) ! new social conditions
 9  :i* he f\nd himself1 & ) ! ess5tial 
_s ( ,am]ican life4  ,! intellectual    
fre$om & animation ( ?is c\ntry 7       
cong5ial  to 8 disposition4 ,f ! beg9n+ 
he took a l>ge %>e 9 !  int]e/s ( 8 new 
fri5ds4 ,he contribut$ sev]al rem>kable 
articles  to ! pages ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican 
,review & ( ,putnam's ,magaz9e1  & he   

und]took a "w :i* 0 to occupy 8 scanty  
leisure =  sev]al ye>s1 ! revision ( !  
s-call$ ,dryd5's ,translation (         
,plut>*'s ,lives4 ,al?\gh ! "w 0        
und]tak5 simply z a revision1  x turn$  
out to involve little less labor ?an a  
complete new  translation1 & x 0 s      
accompli%$ t h5ce=? x mu/ rema9  ! /&>d 
v]sion ( ?is mo/ popul> ( ! anci5t      
au?ors4    ,b all t made ! pres5ce ( su*
 a man a great ga9 to 8 new  fri5ds made
 8 abs5ce felt by 8 old ones z a great  
loss4 ,9 ,july1  #ahec1 he receiv$ !    
ann\ncem5t t a place _h be5 obta9$ =    
him by _! ef=ts 9 ! ,education ,dep>tm5t
 ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil1  & he 0 s /r5u\sly 
urg$ to return to ,engl&1 t1 al?\gh     
unwill+ to give up ! prospect ( a f9al  
settlem5t 9 ,am]ica1  he felt t x 0 be/ 
to g home = a "t4 ,"s mon?s aft] 8      
return he 0 m>ri$ to ! gr&daught] ( !   
late ,mr4 ,william  ,smi?1 ,m4,p4 =     
,norwi*4 ,he e/abli%$ himself 9 a h\se 9
 ,london1  & settl$ d[n to ! h>d        
r\t9e-"w ( 8 (fice4 ,9 a private  lett] 

writt5 n long aft] 8 return1 he         
said1--,z = myself1 :om  y ask ab\t1 !re
 is no?+ to tell ab\t me4 ,i live on    
cont5t$ly  en\gh1 b feel r unwill+ to be
 re-,engli%$1 aft] once  atta9+ t high] 
transatlantic developm5t4 ,h[ev]1 il    
faut s'y  s\mettre1 ,i presume1--?\gh ,i
 fe> ,i am emb>k$ 9 ! f\nd]+  %ip4 ,i   
hope to ,heav5 y'll get rid ( slav]y1 & 
!n ,i %\ldn't  fe> b y w\ld really 'g   
ahead' 9 ! long run4 ,z = u & our       
invet]ate feudalism1 x is n hopeful4    
,9 ano!r lett] ab\t ?is "t1 he          
wrote1--,i l ,am]ica all !  bett] = !   
comp>ison ) ,engl& on my return4        
,c]ta9ly ,i ?9k  y are m "r ?an ,i 0    
will+ to admit1 ab\t ! position (  !    
poor] classes "h4 ,su* is my fir/       
reimpression4 ,h[ev]1 x  w we> (f soon  
en\gh1 ,i d>e say2 s y mu/ make ! mo/ ( 
my  admissions4    ,aga91 a little lat]1
 he wrote1--,i d truly hope t y w get ! 
,nor? erelong ?or\ghly unit$ aga9/ any  
fur!r encroa*m5ts4 ,i  don't by any     
means feel t ! slave-sy/em is an        

intol]able crime1  nor d ,i ?9k t our   
sy/em "h is s mu* bett]2 b x is cle>  to
 me t ! only safe gr\nd to g ^u is t (  
y\r ,nor!rn  ,/ates4 ,i suppose !       
ri*-&-poor difficulties mu/ be creep+ 9 
at  ,new ,york1 b "o w\ld fa9 hope t    
,european analogies w n be  q accept$   
ev5 !re4    ,8 lett]s 7 reflections (   
himself1--full ( ?\ght1 fancy1 &        
pleasant humor1 z well z (              
affectionat5ess & true feel+4 ,_!  "* is
 h>dly to be giv5 9 extracts1 b a few   
passages may  s]ve to illu/rate "s ( ^! 
qualities4    ,ambrose ,philips1 !      
,roman ,ca?olic1 :o set up ! new ,/4    
,b]n>d  ,mona/]y at ,*>nwood ,=e/1 has  
tak5 to _s-rapp+s4 ,he av]s1  int] alia1
 t a ,buddhi/ _s 9 mis]y held           
communication )  him ?r\gh ! table1 &   
entreat$ 8 confessor1 ,fa!r ,lorra9e1 to
  say ?ree masses = him4 ,pray1 convey  
?is to ,t---- = 8 w>n+4  ,=1 moreov]1 x 
rema9s unc]ta9 :e!r ,fa!r ,lorra9e did  
say !  masses2 s t p]haps ,t----'s      
deceas$ co-religioni/ is /ill 9 !  wrong

 place4    ,"s "t aft] 8 return1 he     
wrote1--,really1 ,i may say ,i am only  
j beg9n+ to recov] my spirits aft]      
return+ f ! "y &  hopeful & humane      
republic1 to ?is cruel1 unbeliev+1      
invet]ate old  mon>*y4 ,!re are deep]   
wat]s ( anci5t k & exp]i5ce  ab\t "o "h1
 & "o is sav$ f ! temptation ( fly+ (f  
into  space2 b ,i ?9k y h1 beyond all   
"q1 ! happie/ c\ntry  go+4 ,/ill1 !     
political talk ( ,am]ica1 z "o he>s x   
"h1 is  n always true to ! be/ int5tions
 ( ! c\ntry1 is x8    ,writ+ on a ,july 
day f 8 (fice 9 ,:itehall1 he says1 aft]
  speak+ ( ! heat ( ! wea!r1--,"t has   
(t5 be5 comp>$ to  a riv]3 if ! ,?ames  
at ,london repres5t ! /ream (           
traditional  wisdom1 ! comp>ison w inde$
 be ( an ill odor2 ! accumulat$  wisdom 
( ! pa/ w be prov$ ^u analogy to be z x 
7 !  collect$ sewage ( ! c5turies2 & !  
great problem1 h[ to get rid  ( x4    ,9
 ,m>*1 #ahed1 he wrote1--,p talk a good 
deal ab\t t book (  ,:ewell's on !      
,plurality ( ,worlds4 ,i recomm5d       

,fields to pirate x4  ,h y se5 x8 ,x is 
to %[ t ,jupit]1 ,v5us1 ,saturn1 etc41  
are  all pretty c]ta9ly                 
un9habitable1--be+ 7,jupit]1 ,saturn1   
etc41 to  wit7 /range wa%y limbos (     
places1 :]e at ! be/ only mollusks  7or1
 9 ! case ( ,v5us1 salam&]s7 c\ld exi/4 
,h5ce we conclude  we are ! only        
rational creatures1 :i* is highly       
satisfactory1 &1  :at is m1 q           
,scriptural4 ,ow51 on ! o!r h&1 ,i      
believe1  & o!r sci5tific p1 decl>e x a 
mo/ presumptu\s essay1--  conclusions   
audaci\s1 & reason+ fallaci\s1 ?\gh !   
facts are  all[$2 & 9 t op9ion ,i1 on ! 
gr\nd t !re are m ?+s  9 heav5 & e>? ?an
 are dreamt ( 9 ! inductive philosophy1 
incl9e to concur4    ,( 8 "w he         
wrote1--,well1 ,i g on 9 ! (fice1 op]ose
 nihil  ag5da1 v op]ose1 & v nihil too4 
,= lack ( news1 ,i s5d  y a specim5 ( my
 labors4--,we are "h go+ on mu* z usual1
  --occupi$ ) no?+ else b comm]ce & !   
money-m>ket4 ,i d n  ?9k any "o is ?9k+ 
audibly ( any?+ else4--,i h read )  m   

pleasure ?an any?+ else t ,i h read     
lately ,kane's ,arctic  ,explorations1  
i4e41 8 second voyage1 :i* is c]ta9ly a 
wond]ful  /ory4 ,! :ole n>rative is1 ,i 
?9k1 v *>act]i/ic ( !  diff]5ces betwe5 
! ,engli% & ! ,am]ican-,engli% habits ( 
comm& & ob$i5ce4    ,9 ! autumn ( #aheg1
 aft] speak+ ( "s ( ! features ( !      
,sepoy revolt1 he said1--,i don't       
believe ,*ri/ianity c spread f> 9       
,asia1 unless x w all[ m5 m ?an "o      
wife1--:i* isn't likely  yet out (      
,utah4 ,b ,i believe ! old ,brahm9 ',t\*
 n & ta/e n1  & ,i am holi] ?an ?\1     
because ,i don't t\* & ta/e1' may be got
  rid (4 ,z = ,mahometanism1 x is a     
cry/alliz$ mono!ism1 out (  :i* no      
vegetation c come4 ,i d\bt its be+ good 
ev5 = !  ,c5tral negro4    ,m>*1 #ahei4 
,excuse ?is lett] all ab\t my own       
conc]ns4 ,i am pretty  busy1 & h "t =   
little else3 su* is our fate aft] =ty4  
,my  figure #dj /&s ne>ly ?ree mon?s    
beh9d me on ! roadway1 unwept1          
unhonor$1 & unsung1 an octavum lu/rum   

b\nd up & laid on !  %elf4 ',s-&-s is   
dead1' said a fri5d to ,"l ,melb\rne (  
"s  au?or4 ',de> me1 h[ glad ,i am6 ,n[ 
,i c b9d him up4'    ,x 0 n until #ahei 
t ! translation ( ,plut>*1 begun six    
ye>s  be=e1 0 complet$ & publi%$4 ,x _h 
involv$ mu* we>isome  /udy1 & gave pro( 
( pati5t1 exact1 & elegant s*ol>%ip4    
,cl\gh's life 9 ! ,c\ncil-,(fice 0      
exce$+ly labori\s1 &  = sev]al ye>s 8 "w
 0 increas$ by s]vices r5d]$ to ,miss   
,night+ale1 a ne> relative ( 8 wife4 ,he
 employ$ _m h\rs1 bo?  be=e & aft] 8    
pr(essional duties 7 ov]1 to aid h] 9 ^?
  re=ms ( ! milit>y adm9i/ration to :i* 
%e has devot$ !  rema9+ en]gies ( h]    
ov]task$ life4 ,= ?is "w he 0 !  bett]  
fitt$ f hav+ act$1 dur+ a p]iod ( relief
 f 8  regul> employm5t1 z ,secret>y to a
 ,milit>y ,commission appo9t$ by        
,gov]nm5t %ortly aft] ! ,crimean ,w> to 
exam9e & report ^u !  milit>y sy/ems (  
"s ( ! *ief ,cont95tal nations4 ,b at   
l5g?  8 heal? gave way "u ! /ra9 (      
cont9u\s ov]work4 ,he _h =  a long "t   

be5 delicate1 & e>ly 9 #ahfa he 0 oblig$
 to give  up "w1 & 0 ord]$ to travel    
abroad4 ,he w5t to ,greece &            
,con/ant9ople1 & enjoy$ greatly ! *>ms (
 sc5]y & (  association :i* he 0 s well 
fitt$ to appreciate4 ,b ! release  f "w 
_h come too late4 ,he return$ to ,engl& 
9 ,july1 8 heal?  b little improv$4 ,9 a
 lett] writt5 at t "t he spoke ( ,"l    
,campbell's dea?1 :i* _h j occurr$4 ,"l 
,campbell's dea? is  r ! *>act]i/ic dea?
 ( ! ,engli% political man4 ,9 !        
,cab9et1 on ! ,b5*1 & at a d9n]-p>ty1   
busy1 animat$1 & full  ( ef=t to-day1 & 
9 ! e>ly morn+ a vessel has bur/4 ,x is 
a  wond] !y la/ s long4 ,b ( himself he 
says1 9 words ( /rik+  contra/1--,my    
n]v\s en]gy is pretty ne>ly sp5t =      
to-day1 s ,i  mu/ come to a /op4 ,i h   
leave till ,novemb]1 & by t "t ,i hope  
,i %all be /rong aga9 = ano!r good spell
 ( "w4 ,aft] a happy  ?ree weeks 9      
,engl&1 he w5t abroad aga91 & sp5t "s "t
  ) 8 fri5ds ! ,t5nysons 9 ,auv]gne &   
among ! ,pyr5ees4 ,9  ,septemb] he 0    

jo9$ by 8 wife 9 ,p>is1 & !nce w5t ) h] 
?r\gh ,switz]l& to ,italy4 ,he _h       
sc>cely rea*$ ,flor5ce be=e  he became  
al>m+ly ill ) symptoms ( a l[ mal>ia    
fev]4 ,8  exhau/$ con/itution nev]      
ralli$ aga9/ its attack4 ,he sank       
gradually away1 & di$ on ! #ac? (       
,novemb]4 ,i h leave till  ,novemb]1 &  
by t "t ,i hope ,i %all be /rong aga9 = 
ano!r  good spell ( "w4 ,t hope is      
accompli%$2--      ,= sure 9 ! wide     
heav5 !re is room    ,= love1 & pity1 & 
= helpful de$s4    ,he 0 buri$ 9 !      
little ,prote/ant cemet]y at ,flor5ce1 a
 fit  re/+-place = a poet1 ! ,prote/ant 
,santa ,croce1 :]e ! tall  cypresses    
rise ov] ! graves1 & ! beautiful hills  
keep gu>d  ar\nd4    ,e "o :o knew      
,cl\gh ev5 slightly1 says "o ( 8 olde/  
fri5ds1 receiv$ ! /ronge/ impression ( !
 unusual bread?  & massiv5ess ( 8 m9d4  
,s+ul>ly simple & g5ial1 he 0           
un=tunately ca/ ^u a self-que/ion+ age1 
:i* l$ him to worry  himself ) con/antly
 te/+ ! v]acity ( 8 own emotions4 ,he   

has  del9eat$ 9 f\r l9es ! impression   
:i* 8 habitual reluctance to  conv]se on
 ! deep] !mes ( life made ^u ^? ( 8     
fri5ds :o  7 attract$ by 8 frank        
simplicity4 ,9 "o ( 8 %ort] poems he    
writes1--      ',i said1 ,my he>t is all
 too s(t2    ,he :o w\ld climb & so>    
al(t    ,mu/ ne$s keep ev] at 8 side    
,! tonic ( a :olesome pride4'    ,t     
expresses ! man 9 a v rem>kable mann]4  
,he _h a k9d (  pr\d simplicity ab\t him
 s+ul>ly attractive1 & (t5 s+ul>ly      
disappo9t+ to ^? :o long$ to "k him     
well4 ,he _h a fe>1 :i*  _m w\ld ?9k    
morbid1 ( lean+ mu* on ! approbation ( !
  _w4 ,& !re is "o rem>kable passage 9 8
 poems 9 :i* he  intimates t m5 :o live 
on ! good op9ion ( o!rs might ev5 be    
b5efit$ by a crime :i* w\ld rob !m ( t  
evil /imulant3--      ',:y1 s is good no
 long] good1 b crime    ,our true/1 be/ 
advantage1 s9ce x lifts u    ,out ( !   
/ifl+ gas ( m5's op9ion    ,into ! vital
 atmosph]e ( ,tru?1    ,:]e ,he aga9 is 
visible1 ?\gh 9 ang]4'    ,s eag] 0 8   

crav+ = reality & p]fect s9c]ity1 s     
morbid  8 dislike ev5 = ! unreal        
conv5tional =ms ( life1 t a m9d  q      
unique 9 simplicity & tru?fulness       
repres5ts itself 9 8  poems z           
',seek+ 9 va91 9 all my /ore1    ,"o    
feel+ bas$ on tru?4'    ,inde$1 he want$
 to rea* "s gu>anty = simplicity deep]  
?an  simplicity itself4 ,we rememb] 8   
pr9cipal criticism on ,am]ica1  aft]    
return+ f 8 resid5ce 9 ,massa*usetts1 01
 t !  ,new-,engl&]s 7 mu* simpl] ?an !  
,engli%1 & t ?is 0  ! great *>m (       
,new-,engl& society4 ,8 own habits 7 ( !
 same  k9d1 sometimes almo/ au/]e 9 _!  
simplicity4 ,luxury he dislik$1  &      
sometimes 8 fri5ds ?\ght him ev5        
ascetic4    ,?is almo/ morbid crav+ = a 
firm base on ! absolute realities  (    
life 0 v we>+ 9 a m9d s self-consci\s z 
,cl\gh's1 &  t5d$ to p>alyze !          
expression ( a c]ta9ly great g5ius4 ,he 
heads  "s ( 8 poems ) a l9e f           
,wordswor?'s great ode1 :i* depicts     
p]fectly ! expression (t5 writt5 9 !    

deep furr[s :i*  sometimes cross$ &     
cr[d$ 8 massive =ehead3--      ',blank  
misgiv+s ( a creature mov+ ab\t         
9 worlds n realiz$4'    ,nor did        
,cl\gh's great p[]s ev] realize !mselves
 to 8  contempor>ies by any outw>d sign 
at all comm5surate ) ! pr(\nd           
impression :i* !y produc$ 9 actual life4
 ,b if 8 p[]s did  n1 !re 0 mu* 9 8 "* t
 did produce its full effect  ^u all :o 
knew him4 ,he nev] look$1 ev5 9 "t (    
sev]e trial1 to  8 own int]e/ or        
advancem5t4 ,he nev] fl9*$ f ! worldly  
loss  :i* 8 deepe/ convictions br\ght on
 him4 ,ev5 :5 cl\ds 7  ?ick ov] 8 own   
head1 & ! gr\nd b5ea? 8 feet seem$      
crumbl+ away1 he c\ld /ill be> witness  
to an et]nal light beh9d  ! cl\d1 & tell
 o!rs t !re is solid gr\nd to be rea*$ 9
  ! end by ! we>y feet ( all :o w wait  
to be /rong4 ,let him  speak 8 own      
f>ewell3--      ',say n ! /ruggle n\ght 
availe?1       ,! labor & ! w\nds are   
va91    ,! enemy fa9ts n nor faile?1    
,& z ?+s h be5 ?+s rema94      ',?\gh   

hopes 7 dupes1 fe>s may be li>s2        
,x may be1 9 yon smoke conceal$1    ,y\r
 comrades *ase e'en n[ ! fli]s1       ,&
 b = y possess ! field4      ',= ?\gh ! 
tir$ wave1 idly break+1       ,seems "h 
no t$i\s in* to ga91    ,f> back1 ?r\gh 
creek & inlet mak+1       ,came1 sil5t  
flood+ 91 ! ma94      ',& n ?r\gh ea/]n 
w9d[s only1       ,:5 daylight comes1   
comes 9 ! light2    ,9 front ! sun      
climbs sl[1--h[ sl[ly6       ,b         
we/w>d--look6 ! l& is bright4'          
,,:at ,,%all ,,we ,,d ,,) ,,!m8      ,we
 h _m prec$5ts ^u ! "p ( ! ,gu>dian (   
,civilization1  :i* may or may n guide  
u4 ,n to return to t age :]eunto !      
memory ( man runne? n to ! contr>y1 !   
day ( ,k+ ,ri*>d our  gr&fa!r1 & to !   
,w>s ( ! ,roses1 we w beg9 ) ! happy    
occasion ( ! ,re/oration ( ,k+ ,*>les ( 
m]ry & disreputable  fame4 ,s9ce he came
 back to 8 k+doms on suff]ance & z a    
conv5i5t compromise betwe5 an>*y &      
despotism1 he c\ld h>dly  af=d ! luxury 
( :olesale proscription4 ,:at ! return+ 

,royali/s c\ld1 !y did4 ,x 0 obvi\sly   
unsafe1 z well z  ungrateful1 to hang   
,g5]al ,monk 9 pres5ce ( 8 army1 _m (   
:om  _h foll[$ ! ,son ( ! ,man f        
,worce/] ,fight 9 hot pursuit1  & _h    
hunt$ him f ?icket to ?icket ( ,boscobel
 ,wood4 ,b to dig  up ! dead ,cromwell &
 ,ireton1 to susp5d !m ^u ! gall[s1 to  
m>k out ,john ,milton1 old & bl9d1 =    
pov]ty & contempt1 0 bo?  safe &        
pleasant4 ,& civilization 0 gu>d$       
accord+ly4 ,"o little  bit ( com=t1     
h[ev]1 0 p]mitt$4 ,scotl& _h be5 !      
,virg9ia  ( 8 day1 & ,*>les _h !        
satisfaction ( he>+ t ! ,:igs1  :o _h   
betray$ & sold 8 fa!r1 & :o _h 7a f>    
worse (f5ce7  made himself li/5 to      
?ree-h\rs' s]mons1 7 *as$ l wild  bea/s 
among ! hills1 aft] ! defeat ( ,bo?well 
,brigg4 ,b :at  ,*>les c\ld n d 0       
p]mitt$ to 8 bro!r4 ,aft] ! rebellion  (
 ,monm\? 0 put d[n1 ! ,we/ ( ,engl& 0   
turn$ to m\rn+4  ,f ! pr9cely ba/>d :o  
su$ 9 agony & va9 humiliation1 to !     
cl[n ( ,devon =c$ into ! rebel ranks1--f

 ! pe] :o plott$1  to ! v5]able &       
,*ri/ian woman ^: sole crime 0 %elt]+ ! 
h\seless & />v+ fugitive1 !re 0 giv5 to 
! vanqui%$ no  m]cy b ! m]cy (          
,jeffreys1 no t5d]ness b ! t5d]ness (   
,kirk4    ,b ! ,h\se ( ,/u>t 0 n always 
to repres5t ! side ( victory4  ,?irty   
ye>s aft] ! ,r\t ( ,s$gemoor1 ! son (   
,james1 ^: "n  0 cl\d$ by rumor ) ! same
 /a9 ( spuri\sness z t ( 8  un=tunate   
c\s91 0 proclaim$ by ! ,e>l ( ,m>4 ,!   
,jacobites  7 =c$ to dr9k to ! dregs !  
cup ( bitt]ness !y _h s  gladly adm9i/]$
 to o!rs4 ,ov] ,temple ,b> & ,london    
,bridge !  heads ( ! defeat$ rebels bore
 witness to ! gu>dian%ip (  civilization
 z und]/ood 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4        
,ano!r ?irty ye>s br+s u to ! l&+ (     
,moid>t1 ! ris+  ( ! clans1 ! fall (    
,ed9burgh & ,c>lisle1 ! ,bull's ,run at 
,pre/onpans1 & ! panic ( ,london4 ,if we
 are anxi\s to gu>d our  civilization   
accord+ to ,hanov]ian prec$5ts1 !re is  
"o "n  commonly giv5 to ! ,comm&]-9-*ief
 at ,cullod5 :i* ,congress  %\ld add to 

! titles x is prep>+ aga9/ ,mc,clellan's
 successful  advance4 ,! ,but*] ,cumb]l&
 n only h\nd$ on 8 troops )  ! tempt+   
price ( ?irty ?\s& p\nds = ! ,pret5d]   
dead or  alive1 b e adh]5t ( ! luckless 
,jeff]son ,davis ( t day  0 9 p]il (    
life & :olesale confiscation4 ,! ,h\se (
 ,hanov]  n only broke ! backbone ( !   
,rebellion1 b mangl$ )\t m]cy  its      
rema9s4    ,we come n[1 9 ano!r ?irty   
ye>s1 to ! next /ruggle ( ,engl&  ) a   
portion ( h] p4 ,x is impossible1 z well
 z unfair1  to say :at might h be5 done 
) ,mr4 ,wa%+ton1 ! ,virg9ia  colonel1 & 
,mr4 ,frankl91 ! ,philadelphia pr9t]1 _h
 !y n be5  able to det]m9e _! own de/9y4
 ,we c only surmise1 by ref]r+  to two  
well-kn[n localities 9 ,new ,york1 !    
,old ,sug>-,h\se & !  ,j]sey            
,prison-,%ip1 h[ pat]nally ,george ,,iii
 0 dispos$ !n to  resume 8 rights4 ,&   
)\t disposition to press hi/oric        
p>allels1  we _c b comp>e ,arnold &     
,tryon's raid along ! s\? %ore (        
,connecticut ) a c]ta9 sail rec5tly made

 up ! ,t5nessee ,riv] to  ! foot ( !    
,muscle ,%oals by ! comm& ( a mod]n     
,connecticut  (fic]4    ,b z we 7 sp>$ !
 necessity ( te/+ ! royal clem5cy to !  
submitt$ ,prov9ces ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 we  
_h bett] pass on tw5ty ye>s  to ! era ( 
! ,act ( ,union betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & 
,irel&4 ,9  ?is c\ntry ! ,iri%man ne$ n 
fe> to speak ( '#ih1 & 9 ?is  c\ntry he 
/ill treasures ! memory ( ! :ipp+s &    
pit*-caps (  ,major ,b]es=d's rid+-h\se1
 & o!r pleasant s\v5irs ( ! way  9 :i*1 
sixty ye>s ago1 loyalty dealt )         
rebellion4 ,!re is no  inh]5t pron5ess  
to treason 9 ! ,hib]nian nature1 z      
,corcoran &  ! ,sixty-,n9? c be>        
witness2 nor is ,pat s fond ( a riot t  
he  _c ) fair play be a--well1 a good   
citiz54 ,yet at home he has  be5 s      
civiliz$ by 8 ,briti% gu>dian z to be 9 
a *ronic /ate  ( discont5t &            
fretfulness4    ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 ha/5 to 
our late/ prec$5t1--,engl& 9 ,india4  ,!
 ,sepoy ,rebellion _h "s features 9     
common ) our own4 ,x 0  inaugurat$ by   

prem$itat$ milit>y trea*]y4 ,x seiz$ ^u 
a l>ge  quantity ( ,gov]nm5t munitions (
 w>4 ,x only ask$ to be let  alone4 ,x  
f\nd ! ,gov]nm5t :olly unprep>$4 ,b x 0 
!  upris+ ( a conqu]$ p4 ,! rebels 7 9  
circum/ances1 z 9  complexion1 mu* ne>] 
ak9 to t portion ( our ,s\!rn citiz5s   
:i* has n rebell$1 & :i* has lo/ no     
opportunity ( seek+  our l9es to take ! 
oa? ( allegiance or any o!r little favor
  :i* c\ld be f\nd !re4 ,we d n def5d _!
 atrocities1 al?\gh  a plea 9 mitigation
 might be put 91 t ^! 7 wisely plann$ to
  break ! spell :i* ,briti% dom9ation _h
 wov5 ov] ! native m9d  ( ,india1 & t !y
 7 "p ( t decid$ & desp]ate policy  :i* 
0 design$ to =ev] b> ! way (            
recon/ruction4 ,b t[>d  ! recaptur$     
rebels !re 0 us$ a c\rse = :i* ! only   
prec$5t1 s f> z we "k1 0 furni%$ by t   
highly civiliz$  gu>dian1 ! ,dey (      
,algi]s4 ,^! prison]s ( w> 7 9 cold     
blood  ti$ to ! muzzles ( cannon & bl[n 
into fragm5ts4 ,! illu/rat$  pap]s ( t  
mo/ ,*ri/ian l& :i* is ov]come ) !      

b>b>ity  ( s9k+ old hulks 9 a *annel    
?r\gh :i* private]s 7 wont to  escape   
our blockade furni%$ effective engrav+s 
by our own arti/  ( ! sc5e4 ,:olesale   
plund] & deva/ation ( ! *ief city ( !   
revolt foll[$4 ,! rebellion 0 put d[n1 &
 put d[n1 we may say1  )\t any          
unnecess>y t5d]ness1 any womani%        
weakness = !  rebels4    ,we h ?us      
e/abli%$ :at we believe is call$ by     
!ologians a  cat5a ( prec$5ts1 com+ d[n 
f ! days ( ! ,commonweal? to  our own   
"t4 ,x cov]s ab\t ! :ole p]iod ( ,new   
,engl& hi/ory4  ,& we next propose to   
ask ! "q1 h[ f> x may be desirable to   
be b\nd by su* indisputable au?ority4   
,is x too late to reop5 ! "q1 & to retry
 ! issue betwe5  sov]eign & rebel1 less 
) respect to anci5t & immemorial usage1 
& m accord+ to et]nal pr9ciple8 ,we     
answ]1 ,no4 ,! same p[]  t enables u to 
ma/] ?is rebellion w give u orig9al &   
f9al  jurisdiction ov] x4    ,b "o      
pr9ciple ass]ts itself out ( ! uni=m    
co>se ( hi/ory4  ,! re/oration ( !      

lawful au?ority ov] rebels does n re/ore
  !m to _! old /atus4 ,!y are at !      
pleasure ( ! conqu]+  p[]4 ,rights (    
citiz5%ip1 hav+ be5 abjur$1 d n return  
) ! same co]cion :i* dem&s duties (     
citiz5%ip4 ,?us1 to  illu/rate on an    
individual scale1 e wrong-do] is ipso   
facto a  rebel4 ,he =feits1 accord+ to  
due c\rse ( law1 a measure ( 8          
privileges1 :ile con/ra9$ to ! same     
responsibility ( ob$i5ce4  ,8 prop]ty is
 n exempt f taxes because he is 9       
prison1 b 8  "r ( vot+ is gone2 he _c   
be> arms1 b he mu/ keep !  peace1 he mu/
 labor compulsorily1 & att5d su* wor%ip 
z ! ,/ate  provides4 ,9 %ort1 he becomes
 a w>d ( ! ,/ate1 :ile n ceas+ to  be a 
memb]4 ,8 inali5able rights to life1    
lib]ty1 & ! pursuit (  happ9ess 7       
inali5able only s long z he rema9$      
ob$i5t & true  to ! sov]eign4 ,n[ ?is is
 equally true on ! l>ge scale z on !    
small4 ,! only difficulty is to apply x 
to broad masses ( m5 & to  ,/ates4    ,x
 may n be exp$i5t to try ,s\? ,c>ol9a   

collectively1 b we  cont5d t !          
application ( ! pr9ciple gives u ! "r4  
,corporate bodies h aga9 & aga9 be5     
puni%$ by susp5sion (  fran*ise1 :ile   
held to allegiance & duties4    ,!      
simple "q = u is1 ,:at w x be be/ to d8 
,! ,s\?  may save u ! tr\ble ( decid+ = 
! pres5t a "p ( ! _m  que/ions t occur4 
,we may put d[n ! ,conf$]ate ,gov]nm5t1 
&  take milit>y occupation4 ,we _c      
compel ! ,s\!rn]s to hold  elections &  
resume _! %>e 9 ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,x c g on  
)\t  !m4 ,! same =ce :i* reop5s !       
,mississippi c collect taxes or  exact  
=feitures along its banks4 ,if ,*>le/on 
is sull51 ! ,national  ,gov]nm5t1 hav+  
re/or$ its flag to ,m\ltrie & ,sumt]1 c 
take  its own "t 9 ! matt] ( cle>+ out !
 *annel & rebuild+  ! light-h\ses4 ,if a
 seclud$ neighborhood does n receive a  
,gov]nm5t po/ma/]1 b is dispos$ to      
welcome him ) t>ry h&s  to a fea!ry b$1 
x c be left )\t ! mails4 ,! rebel we c  
compel to return to 8 duties2 if        
necess>y1 we c leave him to get  back 8 

rights z he be/ may4    ,b we are !     
repres5tatives ( a great political      
discov]y4 ,!  ,am]ican ,union is f\nd$  
on a fact unkn[n to ! ,old ,_w4 ,t fact 
is ! direct ratio ( ! prosp]ity ( ! p>ts
 to ! prosp]ity (  ! :ole4 ,x is !      
pr9ciple ^u :i* 9 e community our life  
is built4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 af=d to h any  
"p ( ! l&  langui%+ & suff]+4 ,we are   
fight+1 n = conque/1 = we  mean to      
abjure our p[] ! mom5t we safely c1--n =
 v5geance1  = ^? ) :om we fight are our 
bre?r54 ,we are compell$ by a           
necessity1 p>tly geographical & p>tly   
social1 into re/or+ a ,union            
politically :i* nev] = a day has        
actually ceas$4    ,let u adv]t to "o   
fact v pat5t & significant4 ,we h he>d  
( ne>ly all our successes ?r\gh ,rebel  
s\rces4 ,ev5 :]e x made  aga9/ !m1 !y   
c\ld n help tell+ u 7we d n say ! tru?1 
= t is r /rong1 b7 ! news4 ,nev] did two
 nations at w>  "k "o-t5? "p z mu* ( ea*
 o!r's affairs4 ,l husb& &  wife1 ! two 
p>ts ( ! c\ntry _c keep secrets f "o    

ano!r1  let !m try ev] s h>d4 ,& ! end (
 all w be t we %all "k  & respect "o    
ano!r a great deal bett] = our %>p      
enc\nt]4    ,b ?is necessity ( union    
dem&s ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 imp]atively  dem&s1
 t x take :atev] /ep is necess>y to its 
own  pres]vation4 ,x is z ) a %ip at    
sea1--all mu/ pull toge!r1 or  somebody 
mu/ g ov]bo>d4 ,!re c be no su* ord] (  
?+s z an  agre$ /ate ( mut9y1--=eca/le  
sec$+ f cab91 & /e]age  indep5d5t ( bo?4
    ,n only is rebellion to be put d[n1 
!re=e1 b to be kept f  com+ up aga94 ,x 
is obvi\s to e "o1 n ?or\ghly bl9d$ by  
p>ty1 h[ x did come up4 ,! ,gulf ,/ates 
7 coax$ out1 ! ,bord]  ,/ates 7 bulli$  
or conjur$ out4 ,a few lead+ m51 :o _h  
made  ! sci5ce ( political managem5t _! 
own1 got ! control ( !  popul> m9d4 ,"o 
great secret ( _! success 0 _! con/ant  
assumption t :at 0 to be done _h be5    
done already4 ,x is !  v art ( ! vet]an 
s$uc]1 :o ev] p]suades 8 victim t       
return is impossible1 9 ord] t he may   
actually make x s4 ,nor?  ,c>ol9a1 z "o 

expressively said1 f\nd h]self out ( !  
,union %e  h>dly knew h[4 ,virg9ia 0    
dragg$ out4 ,t5nessee 0 =c$ out4        
,miss\ri 0 decl>$ out4 ,k5tucky 0 all b 
out4 ,m>yl& hung 9  ! crisis ( life &   
dea? "u ! guns ( ,=t ,mc,henry4 ,9 ,s\? 
,c>ol9a alone c x be said t any fair    
expression ( ! popul>  w 0 on !         
,secession side4 ,! ,rebellion 0 ! "w ( 
a  gov]n+ class1 all ^: ideas & hopes 7 
! aggr&izem5t (  _! own ord]4 ,t]rorism 
op5$ ! way1 reckless ly+ made ! game    
sure4 ,if any "o is incl9$ to d\bt ?is1 
let him look at ! sway  :i* ,robespi]re 
& 8 few associates ex]cis$ 9 ,p>is4 ,"s 
sev5ty executions deliv]$ t great city f
 its nightm>e agony (  mon?s4 ,a doz5   
resolute1 unit$ m51 ) arms & )\t        
scruples1  c\ld seize almo/ any ,new    
,engl& village = a "t1 provid$ !y  knew 
j :at !y want$ to d4 ,decision & en]gy  
are ma/]-keys to  almo/ mo/ all doors n 
=tifi$ by ,hobbs's pat5t locks4 ,a p>ty 
(  tipsy ,am]icans "o night /orm$ a     
,p>isian gu>d-h\se1 dis>m$ !  s5try1 &  

s5t ! gu>d fly+ 9 desp]ate fe>1 ?9k+ t a
  g5]al m5te 0 9 progress4 ,n[ "o issue 
( ! ,rebellion mu/  be to put d[n1 n    
only ?is gov]n+ class1 b also ! sy/em f 
:i* x spr+s4 ,we h no su* class at !    
,nor?4 ,we c h no  su* class4 ,! v      
collision ( int]e/s1 ! rivalries (      
trade1 !  ?\s&-&-"o social relations1   
all neutralize ea* o!r1 are *ecks  &    
c\nt]*ecks1 :i*1 l ! p>ticles 9 a vessel
 ( wat]1  always t5d t[>d ! level ( an  
equilibrium4 ,two m5 meet 9 _!  lodge z 
,odd-,fell[s1 b !y are oppon5ts on      
t[n-meet+ day4 ,two  p>tn]s 9 bus9ess   
are1 "o ! mo/ bitt] ( ,calv9i/s1 & !    
o!r ! mo/ progressive ( ,univ]sali/s4   
,dr4 ,a4 & ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,b4  pull asund]
 ! m5 :om ',*ange unites4 ,b ) ! ,s\!rn]
 ( !  gov]n+ class x is n s4 ,"o        
sympa?y1 m pot5t ?an any o!r  c be1     
leagues !m all4 ,all are ma/]s ( !      
,helot race ^u :i*  _! success & /ation 
are built4 ,x is a liv+ relation1 ! mo/ 
p[]ful & vital :i* c b9d m5 toge!r1 t   
s5se ( au?ority  borne by ! few ov] !   

_m4    ,! ,norman b>ons aft] ! ,conque/1
 ! ,spani% conqu]ors 9 ,mexico  & ,p]u1 
! ,engli%m5 ( ! days ( ,clive & ,ha/+s 9
 ,india1 are  all examples ( t ?or\gh   
conc5tration ( /r5g? :i* mu/ arise  9 ! 
conflicts ( races4 ,republics h fall5   
?r\gh _! /&+  armies4 ,! propriet>y     
class at ! ,s\? 0 ! mo/ dang]\s (  /&+  
armies1 = x 0 discipl9$ to ! use ( p[]  
night &  day4 ,! ov]?r[ ( ! ,rebellion w
 to a great degree ru9 ?is  class4 ,b   
s9ce x is "o n f\nd$ on bir? or culture1
 b simply  on :ite blood & circum/ance1 
7= no ,secessioni/ is s fi]ce z  y\r    
conv]t$ ,nor!rn]17 x _c fall l ! ,norman
 nobility 9  ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 or wa/e 
by op]ation ( climate l !  ma/]s (      
,mexico & ,h9do/an4 ,x r5ews itself     
:5ev] x t\*es  slave-soil4 ,t gives x   
life4 ,we cont5d t ,gov]nm5t mu/ = its  
own pres]vation g to ! root ( ! matt]4  
,& we _c see t  !re is any              
,con/itutional difficulty4 ,!re are     
probably n t5  slave-proprietors 9 !    
,s\? :om x has n ! "r to arre/1 try1  & 

hang1 = high-treason4 ,( c\rse1 e "o c  
see ! practical  difficulty1 z well z ! 
manife/ folly1 ( do+ ?is4 ,b if x has  t
 "r t[>d ^! individuals1 x c]ta9ly may  
say1 by ,act (  ,congress1 if we *oose1 
t x w n waive x except ^u conditions    
:i* %all secure x f any fur!r tr\ble4 ,x
 seems to u fully  )9 our p[]4 ,& we w  
use an illu/ration t may help to %[  :at
 we mean4 ,presid5t ,l9coln has no "r to
 require ( any citiz5  ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 t he take ! temp]ance-pl$ge4 ,b suppose
 a  murd]] :o has tak5 life 9 a fit (   
drunk5ness applies = p>don  to !        
,executive4 ,! ,executive1 ,gov]nor or  
,presid5t1 z ! case may  be1 may surely 
!n impose t condition be=e commut+ !    
s5t5ce  or releas+ ! prison]4 ,n[ !     
,nation /&s t[>d ! ,rebels 9 a  l       
attitude4 ,x may be good policy to take 
!m back z fa/ z !y  submit1 x may be    
,*ri/ian magnanimity to make ! way z    
easy z  possible = _! return1 b !y h no 
"r to come back to  any?+ b a prison &  
h>d labor = life4 ,_m ( !m h trebly     

=feit$ _! lives1--z traitors1 z des]t]s 
f ! naval &  milit>y s]vice1 & z p>ol$  
prison]s :o h brok5 _! p>ole4  ,& !re=e 
we say1 s9ce we _c deal ) all !         
individuals1  we mu/ deal ) ! masses1 & 
t 9 _! corporate capacity4 ,if  ,s\?    
,c>ol9a is a sov]eign ,/ate1 is 9 !     
,union z a feudal *ief  9 8 k+'s c\rt1 )
 p[] to c>ry f ,york to ,lanca/] & f    
,lanca/] to ,york 8 subject vassals1 !n 
,s\? ,c>ol9a has d>$ !  haz>d (         
rebellion1 & h] political head is =feit4
    ,x is next to be ask$1 :at ^!       
conditions are to be4 ,& t is  n to be  
answ]$ 9 a brea?4 ,t !y c h b "o result1
  emancipation1 is a =egone conclusion2 
b ! mode ( rea*+ x is  n s easily       
det]m9$4 ,a cotton-load$ %ip took fire  
at sea4 ,x  w\ld h be5 easy to pump 9   
wat] en\gh to dr[n ! fire4 ,b !  capta9 
said1 ,no1 = t w\ld swell ! bales to su*
 an ext5t  z to op5 e seam & />t e      
timb]4 ,s )1 ! %ip n[  c>ry+ ,k+        
,cotton3 y may inde$ qu5* ! fire1 b y   
may  possibly turn ! %ip inside out into

 ! b>ga94    ,b some?+ we h a "r to     
insi/ on4 ,we h x1 ov] & above  !       
,con/itutional "r %[n j n[1 ^u ! broad  
pr9ciple (  necessity4 ,slav]y has prov$
 itself a nuisance4 ,j z we say to !    
own] ( a bone-boil+ e/abli%m5t1 ,y      
poison ! air2 we _c  live "h2 y mu/ g   
f>!r (f1--& if a fev] break out :i* c   
be cle>ly trac$ to t s\rce1 we say x    
emphatically3 s n[ ,slav]y  hav+ prov$  
itself pe/il5tial1 we say1 ,m>*6    ,we 
are n dispos$1  la ,/at5 ,isl&1 to burn 
d[n our  yell[-fev]i% neighbor's h\se4  
,we w give ev]ybody "t to pack  up4 ,we 
w make up a little purse = any specially
 h>d case :i* !  removal may %[4 ,b /ay 
& be plague-/rick5 we w no long]2 nor   
are we dispos$ to sp5d our :ole income 9
 burn+ sulphur1 saltpetre1  & *>coal to 
keep out infection4 ,& c]ta9ly1 :5 by   
neglect to  pay gr\nd-r5t1 or o!r       
illegality1 ! own] ( our nuisance has   
=feit$ 8 "r to /ay1 no mortal c blame u 
= tak+ !  /ricte/ & mo/ decisive /eps   
kn[n to ! law to remove him4            

,,agnes ,,( ,,sorr5to4      ,,*apt]     
,,xxvii4    ,,! ,,sa9t',s ,,re/4        
,agnes ent]$ ! city ( ,rome 9 a trance (
 en?usia/ic emotion1  almo/ su* z "o    
might imag9e 9 a s\l ent]+ ! heav5ly    
,j]usalem above4 ,to h] exalt$ ideas %e 
0 approa*+ n only !  gr\nd hall[$ by !  
blood ( apo/les & m>tyrs1 n m]ely !     
tombs ( ! fai?ful1 b ! visible g5]al    
assembly & *ur* (  ! fir/-born :i* are  
writt5 9 heav54 ,"h reign$ ! appo9t$    
repres5tative ( ,jesus1--& %e imag9$ a  
b5ignant image ( a pr9ce  clo!d ) honor 
& spl5dor1 :o 0 yet ! right] ( all      
wrongs1  ! r$ress] ( all injuries1 !    
fri5d & succor] ( ! poor &  ne$y2 & %e 0
 firm 9 a secret purpose to g to ?is    
great &  b5ignant fa!r1 & on h] knees   
entreat him to =give ! s9s (  h] lov]1 &
 remove ! excommunication t ?reat5$ at e
  mom5t 8 et]nal salvation4 ,= %e       
trembl$ to ?9k ( x1--a sudd5  accid5t1 a
 ?ru/ ( a dagg]1 a fall f 8 horse might 
put him  =ev] beyond ! pale (           
rep5tance1--he might die un=giv51 &  s9k

 to et]nal pa94    ,if any %\ld wond] t 
a ,*ri/ian s\l c\ld pres]ve )9 itself   
an image s ignorantly fair1 9 su* an    
age1 :5 ! worldl9ess &  corruption 9 !  
,papal *air 7 obtrud$ by a ?\s&         
incid5tal  manife/ations1 & 7 allud$ to 
9 all ! calculations ( simple  common p1
 :o look$ at facts ) a m]e view to !    
guidance (  _! daily conduct1 x is      
necess>y to rememb] ! nature ( ,agnes's 
religi\s tra9+1 & ! absolute r5unciation
 ( all individual  reason+ :i* f infancy
 _h be5 laid d[n be=e h] z ! fir/  &    
indisp5sable pr]equisite ( spiritual    
progress4 ,to believe1--to  believe     
utt]ly & bl9dly1--n only )\t evid5ce1 b 
aga9/  evid5ce1--to reject ! te/imony   
ev5 ( h] s5ses1 :5 set aga9/  ! simple  
affirmation ( h] sup]iors1--_h be5 !    
beg9n+1  middle1 & end ( h] religi\s    
in/ruction4 ,:5 a d\bt assail$ h]  m9d  
on any po9t1 %e _h be5 taught to retire 
)9 h]self &  repeat a pray]2 & 9 ?is way
 h] m5tal eye _h =m$ ! habit  ( clos+ to
 any?+ t might %ake h] fai? z quickly z 

!  physical eye closes at a ?reat5$ bl[4
 ,!n1 z %e 0 ( a poetic  & ideal nature1
 entirely diff]+ f ! mass ( ^? ) :om  %e
 associat$1 %e _h =m$ t habit (         
ab/raction & m5tal  rev]ie :i* prev5t$  
h] he>+ or p]ceiv+ ! true s5se ( a      
great deal t w5t on ar\nd h]4 ,!        
conv]sations t commonly  7 c>ri$ on 9 h]
 pres5ce _h = h] s little int]e/ t  %e  
sc>cely he>d !m4 ,! _w 9 :i* %e mov$ 0 a
 glorifi$  _w1--:]e91 to be sure1 ! =ms 
( e-day life appe>$1  b appe>$ z diff]5t
 f :at !y 7 9 reality z ! old  m\ld]+   
daylight view ( ,rome is f ! w>m        
transluc5t glory (  its ev5+            
transfiguration4    ,s 9 h] quiet1 sil5t
 he>t %e nurs$ ?is beautiful hope ( f9d+
  9 ,rome ! e>?ly image ( h] ,savi\r's  
home above1 ( f9d+ 9 !  head ( ! ,*ur* !
 real image ( h] ,r$eem]1--! fri5d to   
:om  ! poore/ & l[lie/ may p\r out _!   
s\ls ) z mu* fre$om  z ! highe/ &       
noble/4 ,! spiritual directors :o _h =m$
 !  m9d ( ,agnes 9 h] e>ly days _h be5  
p]sons 9 ! same mann]  taught to move 9 

an ideal _w ( fai?4 ,! ,"m ,!resa _h    
nev]  se5 ! realities ( life1 & suppos$ 
! ,*ur* on e>? to be all  t ! fonde/    
visions ( human long+ c\ld pa9t x4 ,!   
h>d1  en]getic1 prose exp]i5ce ( old    
,jocunda1 & ! d[nright way )  :i* %e    
sometimes spoke ( ?+s z a troop]'s wife 
mu/ h se5  !m1 7 repress$ & hu%$1 d[n1 z
 ! imp]fect fai? ( a  half-reclaim$     
worldl+1--!y c\ld n be all[$ to awak5 h]
  f ! sweetness ( s blissful a dream4 ,9
 l mann]1 :5 ,lor5zo  ,s=za became ,fa!r
 ,francesco1 he /rove ) e>ne/ pray] to  
bury  8 gift ( individual reason 9 !    
same grave ) 8 family "n  & worldly     
exp]i5ce4 ,z to all t transpir$ 9 ! real
 _w1 he  wrapp$ himself 9 a mantle (    
imp]turbable sil5ce2 ! intrigues (      
popes & c>d9als1 once well kn[n to him1 
sank away z a =bidd5  dream2 & by "s    
metaphysical process ( imag9ative       
devotion he  en?ron$ ,god 9 ! place ( ! 
dom9ant p[]s1 & taught himself to       
receive all t came f !m 9 un9quir+      
submission1 z proce$+  f un]r+ wisdom4  

,?\gh he _h begun 8 spiritual life "u ! 
impulse ( ,savon>ola1 yet s p]fect _h   
be5 8 isolation f all  tid+s ( :at      
transpir$ 9 ! ext]nal _w t ! conflict   
:i*  0 go+ on betwe5 t di/+ui%$ man & ! 
,papal hi]>*y  nev] rea*$ 8 e>4 ,he     
s\ght & aim$ z mu* z possible to make  8
 s\l l ! s\l ( "o dead1 :i* adores &    
wor%ips 9 ideal  space1 & =gets =ev] !  
sc5es & relations ( e>?2 & he  _h s long
 contemplat$ ,rome "u ! cele/ial aspects
 ( 8 fai?1  t1 ?\gh ! %ock ( 8 fir/     
confession !re _h be5 pa9ful1  /ill x 0 
insuffici5t to %ake 8 fai?4 ,x _h be5   
,god's w1 he  ?\ght1 t :]e he look$ =   
aid he %\ld meet only confusion1  & he  
b[$ to ! inscrutable w1 & bl9dly ador$ !
 my/]i\s  revelation4 ,if su* c\ld be ! 
submission & ! fai? ( a /rong  &        
exp]i5c$ man1 :o c wond] at ! en?usia/ic
 illusions ( an  innoc5t1 tru/ful *ild8 
,agnes & h] gr&mo!r ent]$ ! city ( ,rome
 j z ! twilight  _h fad$ into night2 &  
?\gh ,agnes1 full ( fai? & en?usiasm1  0
 long+ to beg9 imm$iately ! ec/atic     

vision ( %r9es & holy  places1 old      
,elsie comm&$ h] n to ?9k ( any?+ fur!r 
t  night4 ,!y proce$$1 !re=e1 ) sev]al  
o!r pilgrims :o _h  ent]$ ! city1 to a  
*ur* specially set ap>t = _! reception1 
connect$ ) :i* 7 l>ge dormitories & a   
religi\s ord] ^:  bus9ess 0 to receive &
 wait ^u !m1 & to see t all _!  wants 7 
suppli$4 ,?is religi\s f\ndation is "o (
 ! olde/ 9  ,rome2 & x is e/eem$ a "w ( 
especial m]it & sanctity among !        
citiz5s to associate !mselves tempor>ily
 9 ^! labors 9 ,holy  ,week4 ,ev5 pr9ces
 & pr9cesses come1 humble & l[ly1 m+l+ )
  ^? ( common degree1 & all1 call+ ea*  
o!r bro!r & si/]1  vie 9 k9d att5tions  
to ^! gue/s ( ! ,*ur*4    ,:5 ,agnes &  
,elsie arriv$1 sev]al ( ^! volunte]     
assi/ants 7  9 wait+4 ,agnes 0 rem>k$   
among all ! re/ ( ! company = h]        
peculi> beauty & ! rapt en?usia/ic      
expression ( h] face4    ,almo/         
imm$iately on _! entrance into !        
reception-hall connect$  ) ! *ur*1 !y   
seem$ to attract ! att5tion ( a tall    

lady  dress$ 9 deep m\rn+1 & accompani$ 
by a female s]vant1 ) :om  %e 0 conv]s+ 
on ^? t]ms ( intimacy :i* %[$           
confid5tial  relations betwe5 ! two4    
,see6 %e said1 my ,mona1 :at a heav5ly  
face is !re6--t sweet  *ild has c]ta9ly 
! light ( grace %9+ ?r\gh h]4 ,my he>t  
w>ms to h]4    ,inde$1 said ! old       
s]vant1 look+ across1 & well x          
may1--de> lamb come s f>6 ,b1 ,holy     
,virg91 h[ my head swims6 ,h[           
/range6--t *ild rem9ds me ( "s "o4 ,my  
,lady1 p]haps1 may ?9k  ( "s "o :om %e  
looks l4    ,mona1 y say true4 ,i h !   
same /range impression t ,i h se5  a    
face l h]s1 b :o or :]e ,i _c say4      
,:at w\ld my ,lady say1 if ,i said x 0  
our de> ,pr9ce8--,god re/ 8  s\l6       
,mona1 x is s1--yes1 add$ ! lady1 look+ 
m int5tly1--h[  s+ul>6--! v traits ( our
 h\se 9 a peasant-girl6 ,%e is (        
,sorr5to1 ,i judge1 by h] co/ume1--:at a
 pretty "o x is6 ,t old  woman is h] "m1
 p]haps4 ,i mu/ *oose h] = my c>e1--&1  
,mona1  y %all wait on h] "m4    ,s     

say+1 ! ,pr9cess ,paul9a cross$ ! hall1 
&1 b5d+ affably  ov] ,agnes1 took h] h& 
& kiss$ h]1 say+1--    ,welcome1 my de> 
little si/]1 to ! h\se ( our ,fa!r6     
,agnes look$ up ) /range1 wond]+ eyes   
into ! face t 0 b5t  to h]s4 ,x 0 sall[ 
& sunk51 ) deep l9es ( ill-heal? &      
sorr[1 b ! features 7 noble1 & mu/ once 
h be51 beautiful2  ! :ole action1 voice1
 & mann] 7 dignifi$ & impressive4       
,in/9ctively %e felt t ! lady 0 (       
sup]ior bir? & bre$+  to any ) :om %e _h
 be5 9 ! habit ( associat+4    ,come )  
me1 said ! lady2 & ?is--y\r "m--%e add$4
    ,%e is my gr&mo!r1 said ,agnes4     
,well1 !n1 y\r gr&mo!r1 sweet *ild1 %all
 be att5d$ by my good  si/] ,mona "h4   
,! ,pr9cess ,paul9a drew ! h& ( ,agnes  
?r\gh h] arm1 &1 lay+  h] h&            
affectionately on x1 look$ d[n & smil$  
t5d]ly on h]4    ,are y v tir$1 my de>8 
,oh1 no6 no6 said ,agnes1--,i am s      
happy1 s bless$ to be "h6    ,y h       
travell$ a long way8    ,yes1 f         
,sorr5to2 b ,i am us$ to walk+1--,i did 

n feel x to be  long1--my he>t kept me  
up1--,i want$ to come home s mu*4       
,home8 said ! ,pr9cess4    ,yes1 to my  
s\l's home1--! h\se ( our de> ,fa!r !   
,pope4    ,! ,pr9cess />t$1 & look$     
incr$ul\sly d[n = a mom5t2 !n  notic+ ! 
confid+1 :ole-he>t$ air ( ! *ild1 %e    
sigh$ &  0 sil5t4    ,come ) me above1  
%e said1 & let me att5d a little to y\r 
com=t4    ,h[ good y are1 de> lady6 said
 ,agnes4    ,i am n good1 my *ild1--,i  
am only y\r unwor?y si/] 9 ,*ri/2  & z !
 lady spoke1 %e op5$ ! door into a room 
:]e 7 a  numb] ( o!r female pilgrims    
seat$ ar\nd ! wall1 ea* att5d$ by  a    
p]son ^: peculi> c>e %e seem$ to be4    
,at ! feet ( ea* 0 a vessel ( wat]1 & :5
 ! seats 7 all  full1 a c>d9al 9 robes (
 (fice ent]$1 & began read+ pray]s4     
,ea* lady pres5t1 kneel+ at ! feet ( h] 
*os5 pilgrim1 dive/$  !m c>efully ( _!  
worn & travel-soil$ %oes & /ock+s1 &    
proce$$ to wa% !m4 ,x 0 n a m]e         
rose-wat] c]emony1 b a  good he>ty wa%+ 
( feet t = ! mo/ "p _h great ne$ ( !    

ablution4 ,:ile ?is s]vice 0 go+ on1 !  
c>d9al read f !  ,gospel h[ a ,great]   
?an !y all _h wa%$ ! feet ( ,8          
disciples1  & said1 ,if ,i1 y\r ,"l &   
,ma/]1 h wa%$ y\r feet1 ye also  ought  
to wa% "o ano!r's feet4 ,!n all repeat$ 
9 conc]t !  ,"l's ,pray]1 :ile ea*      
humbly kiss$ ! feet %e _h wa%$1 &       
proce$$ to replace ! worn & travel-soil$
 %oes & /ock+s )  new & /rong ones1 !   
gift ( ,*ri/ian love4 ,ea* lady !n l$ h]
  *>ge into a room :]e tables 7 spread )
 a pla9 & :olesome  repa/ ( all su*     
articles ( food z ! season ( ,l5t all[$4
 ,ea*  plac$ h] protge at table1 &      
c>efully att5d$ to all h] wants  at !   
supp]1 & aft]w>ds dormitories 7 op5$ =  
_! repose4    ,! ,pr9cess ,paul9a p]=m$ 
all ^! (fices = ,agnes ) a t5d]         
e>ne/ness :i* won ^u h] he>t4 ,! "y girl
 ?\ght h]self  inde$ 9 t bless$ society 
( :i* %e _h dream$1 :]e !  high-born & !
 ri* become ?r\gh ,*ri/'s love ! s]vants
 ( !  poor & l[ly1--& ?r\gh all !       
s]vices %e sat 9 a sort ( dream  (      

rapture4 ,h[ lovely ?is reception into !
 ,holy ,city6 h[ sweet ?us  to be tak5  
to ! arms ( ! great ,*ri/ian family1    
b\nd toge!r 9  ! *>ity :i* is ! bond (  
p]fectness6    ,please tell me1 de>     
lady1 said ,agnes1 aft] supp]1 :o is t  
holy  man t pray$ ) u8    ,oh1 he--he is
 ! ,c>d9al ,capello1 said ! ,pr9cess4   
,i %\ld l to h spok5 ) him1 said ,agnes4
    ,:y1 my *ild8    ,i want$ to ask him
 :5 & h[ ,i c\ld get spee* ) our de>    
,fa!r ! ,pope1--= !re is some:at on my  
m9d t ,i w\ld lay  be=e him4    ,my poor
 little si/]1 said ! ,pr9cess1 mu*      
p]plex$1 y d n  und]/& ?+s4 ,:at y speak
 ( is impossible4 ,! ,pope is a great   
k+4    ,i "k he is1 said ,agnes1--& s is
 our ,"l ,jesus1--b e s\l  may come to  
him4    ,i _c expla9 to y n[1 said !    
,pr9cess1--!re is n "t  to-night4 ,b ,i 
%all see y aga94 ,i w s5d = y to come to
 my  h\se1 & !re talk ) y ab\t _m ?+s   
:i* y ne$ to "k4  ,mean:ile1 promise me1
 de> *ild1 n to try to d any?+ ( ! k9d  
y spoke ( until ,i h talk$ ) y4         

,well1 ,i w n1 said ,agnes1 ) a glance (
 docile affection1  kiss+ ! h& ( !      
,pr9cess4    ,! action 0 s pretty1--!   
great1 s(t1 d>k eyes look$ s  fawn-l &  
confid+ 9 _! innoc5t t5d]ness1 t ! lady 
seem$ mu* mov$4    ,our de> ,"m bless   
!e1 *ild6 %e said1 lay+ h] h& on h]     
head1 & /oop+ to kiss h] =ehead4    ,%e 
left h] at ! door ( ! dormitory4    ,!  
,pr9cess & h] att5dant w5t out ( !      
*ur*-door1 :]e h]  litt] /ood 9 wait+4  
,! two took _! seats 9 sil5ce1 &        
sil5tly pursu$ _! way ?r\gh ! /reets ( !
 old dimly-light$  city & out ( "o ( its
 pr9cipal gates to ! wide ,campagna     
beyond4  ,! villa ( ! ,pr9cess 0 situat$
 on an em95ce at "s di/ance  f ! city1 &
 ! night-ride to x 0 solemn & solit>y4  
,!y  pass$ along ! old ,appian ,way ov] 
pavem5ts t _h rumbl$ "u  ! *>iot-:eels (
 ! emp]ors & nobles ( a by-gone age1    
:ile  along _! way1 gloom+ up aga9/ !   
cle> ( ! sky1 7 va/  %ad[y piles1--!    
tombs ( ! dead ( o!r days4 ,all m\ld]+ &
  lonely1 %aggy & fr+$ ) bu%es & /ream+ 

wild v9es ?r\gh  :i* ! night-w9d sigh$ &
 ru/l$1 !y might seem to be p]vad$  by !
 re/less spirits ( ! dead2 & z ! lady   
pass$ !m1 %e  %iv]$1 &1 cross+ h]self1  
repeat$ an inw>d pray] aga9/  w&]+      
demons t walk 9 desolate places4        
,timid & solit>y1 ! high-born lady %rank
 & c[]$ )9 h]self  ) a di/ress+ feel+ ( 
lonel9ess4 ,a *ildless wid[ 9 delicate  
heal?1 ^: pat]nal family _h be5 = ! mo/ 
"p cruelly robb$1  exil$1 or de/roy$ by 
! reign+ ,pope & 8 family1 %e felt h]   
own situation a mo/ unprotect$ &        
prec>i\s "o1 s9ce ! lea/  jeal\sy or    
misund]/&+ might br+ ^u h]1 too1 ! ill-w
  ( ! ,borgias1 :i* _h prov$ s fatal to 
! re/ ( h] race4 ,no  com=t 9 life      
rema9$ to h] b h] religion1 to ^:       
practice %e  clung z to h] all2 b ev5 9 
?is h] life 0 embitt]$ by facts  to :i*1
 ) ! be/ disposition 9 ! _w1 %e c\ld n  
%ut h]  eyes4 ,h] own family _h be5 too 
ne> ! seat ( p[] n to see all  ! base   
intrigues by :i* t sacr$ & solemn       
position ( ,head (  ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* _h 

be5 trad$ = z a m>ketable commodity4 ,! 
pride1 ! indec5cy1 ! cruelty ( ^? :o n[ 
reign$ 9 ! "n  ( ,*ri/ came ov] h] m9d 9
 contra/ ) ! picture pa9t$ by  !        
artless1 tru/+ fai? ( ! peasant-girl )  
:om %e _h j  p>t$4 ,h] m9d _h be5 too   
?or\ghly drill$ 9 ! non-reflective      
practice ( h] fai? to d>e to put =? any 
act ( reason+ ^u  facts s visible & s   
trem5d\s1--%e r trembl$ at h]self =     
see+ :at %e saw & = kn[+ :at %e knew1 & 
fe>$ someh[  t ?is v k might endang] h] 
salvation2 & s %e rode  homew>d c[]+ &  
pray+ l a fright5$ *ild4    ,does my    
,lady feel ill8 said ! old s]vant1      
anxi\sly4    ,no1 ,mona1 no1--n 9 body4 
,& :at is on my ,lady's m9d n[8    ,oh1 
,mona1 x is only :at is always !re4     
,to-morr[ is ,palm ,sunday1  & h[ c ,i g
 to see ! murd]]s & robb]s ( our h\se 9 
holy  places8 ,oh1 ,mona1 :at c         
,*ri/ians d1 :5 su* m5 h&le holy  ?+s8  
,x 0 a com=t to wa% ! feet ( ^? poor    
simple pilgrims1  :o tread 9 ! /eps ( ! 
sa9ts ( old2 b h[ ,i felt :5 t  poor    

*ild spoke ( want+ to see ! ,pope6      
,yes1 said ,mona1 x's l s5d+ ! lamb to  
get spiritual c\nsel  ( ! wolf4    ,see 
:at sweet belief ! poor infant has6     
,%\ld n ! head ( !  ,*ri/ian ,*ur* be   
su* z %e ?9ks8 ,ah1 9 ! old days1 :5 !  
,*ur* "h 9 ,rome 0 poor & p]secut$1 !re 
7 popes :o 7  lov+ fa!rs & n haughty    
pr9ces4    ,my de> ,lady1 said ! s]vant1
 pray1 consid]1 ! v /ones h  e>s4 ,we   
don't "k :at day we may be turn$ out1   
neck & heels1 to  make room = "s ( _!   
creatures4    ,well1 ,mona1 said ! lady1
 ) "s _s1 ,i'm sure ,i hav5't said  any 
m ?an y h4    ,holy ,"m6 & s y hav5't1 b
 someh[ ?+s look m dang]\s  :5 o!r p say
 !m4--,a pretty *ild t 01 z y say2 b  t 
old ?+1 h] gr&mo!r1 is a %>p piece4 ,%e 
is a ,roman1  & liv$ "h 9 h] e>ly days4 
,%e says ! little "o 0 born  h]eab\ts2 b
 %e %uts up h] m\? l a vice1 :5 "o w\ld 
get  m out ( h]4    ,mona1 ,i %all n g  
out to-morr[2 b y g to ! s]vices1 &  f9d
 ! girl & h] gr&mo!r1 & br+ !m out to   
me4 ,i want to  c\nsel ! *ild4    ,y may

 be sure1 said ,mona1 t h] gr&mo!r kn[s 
! ins &  outs ( ,rome z well z any ( u1 
= all %e has le>n$ to screw up  h] lips 
s tight    ,at any rate1 br+ h] to me1  
because %e int]e/s me4    ,well1 well1 x
 %all be s1 said ,mona4      ,,*apt]    
,,xxviii4    ,,palm ,,sunday4      ,!   
morn+ aft] h] arrival 9 ,rome1 ,agnes 0 
awak5$ f sleep  by a solemn dropp+ (    
bell-tones :i* seem$ to fill ! :ole air1
  int]m+l$ dimly at int]vals )          
long-drawn pla9tive s\nds (  *ant+4 ,%e 
_h slept pr(\ndly1 ov]we>i$ ) h]        
pilgrimage1 &  soo!d by t deep lull+    
s5se ( quiet :i* comes ov] "o1 :51  aft]
 long & we>y toils1 "s auspici\s goal is
 at l5g? rea*$4  ,%e _h come to ,rome1 &
 be5 receiv$ ) op5 arms into !  h\sehold
 ( ! sa9ts1 & se5 ev5 ^? ( highe/ degree
 imitat+  ! simplicity ( ! ,"l 9 s]v+ ! 
poor4 ,surely1 ?is 0 inde$  ! h\se (    
,god & ! gate ( heav52 & s ! bell-tones 
&  *ants1 m+l+ ) h] dreams1 seem$       
naturally en\gh angel-h>p+s  & di/ant   
e*oes ( ! p]petual adoration ( ! bless$4

 ,%e rose  & dress$ h]self ) a tremul\s 
joy4 ,%e felt full ( hope t  someh[--9  
:at way %e c\ld n say--?is auspici\s    
beg9n+  w\ld end 9 a full fruition ( all
 h] wi%es1 an answ] to all h]  pray]s4  
,well1 *ild1 said old ,elsie1 y mu/ h   
slept well2 y look fre%  z a l>k4    ,! 
air ( ?is holy place revives me1 said   
,agnes1 ) en?usiasm4    ,i wi% ,i c\ld  
say z mu*1 said ,elsie4 ,my bones a*e   
yet ) !  tramp1 & ,i suppose no?+ w d b 
we mu/ g out n[ to all !  holy places1  
up & d[n & hi!r & yon1 to ev]y?+ t goes 
on4  ,i saw en\gh ( x all ye>s ago :5 ,i
 liv$ "h4    ,de> gr&mo!r1 if y are     
tir$1 :y %\ld y n re/8 ,i c g  =? alone 
9 ?is holy city4 ,no h>m c possibly     
befall me "h4 ,i  c jo9 any ( ! pilgrims
 :o are go+ to ! holy places :]e ,i     
long to wor%ip4    ,a likely /ory6 said 
,elsie4 ,i "k m ab\t old ,rome ?an y d1 
& ,i tell y1 *ild1 t y d n /ir out a /ep
 )\t me2 s if  y mu/ g1 ,i mu/ g too1--&
 l en\gh x's = my s\l's heal?4  ,i      
suppose x is1 %e add$1 aft] a reflective

 pause4    ,h[ beautiful x 0 t we 7     
welcom$ s la/ night6 said  ,agnes1--t   
de> lady 0 s k9d to me6    ,ay1 ay1 &   
well %e might be6 said ,elsie1 nodd+ h] 
head4 ,b  !re's no tru? 9 ! k9dness ( ! 
nobles to u1 *ild4 ,!y don't  d x       
because !y love u1 b because !y expect  
to buy heav5 by  wa%+ our feet & giv+ u 
:at little !y c clip & snip (f  f _!    
abundance4    ,oh1 gr&mo!r1 said ,agnes1
 h[ c y say s8 ,c]ta9ly1 if any  "o ev] 
spoke & look$ lov+ly1 x 0 t de> lady4   
,yes1 & %e rolls away 9 h] c>riage1 well
 cont5t1 & leaves y  ) a pair ( new %oes
 & /ock+s1--y1 z wor?y ( a c>riage  & a 
palace z %e4    ,no1 gr&mamma2 %e said  
%e %\ld s5d = me to talk m ) h]4    ,%e 
said %e %\ld s5d = y8 said ,elsie4      
,well1 well1 t is  /range1 to be        
sure6--t is wond]ful6 %e add$1          
reflectively4 ,b  come1 *ild1 we mu/    
ha/5 ?r\gh our breakfa/ & pray]s1 & g to
  see ! ,pope1 & all ! great birds ) f9e
 fea!rs t fly aft]  him4    ,yes1 inde$6
 said ,agnes1 joyfully4 ,oh1 gr&mamma1  

:at a bless$  sight x w be6    ,yes1    
*ild1 & a f9e sight en\gh he makes ) 8  
great canopy &  8 plumes & 8 s]vants & 8
 trumpet]s2--!re isn't a k+ 9  ,*ri/5dom
 t goes s pr\dly z he4    ,no o!r k+ is 
wor?y ( x1 said ,agnes4 ,! ,"l reigns 9 
him4    ,mu* y "k ab\t x6 said ,elsie1  
betwe5 h] tee?1 z !y />t$  out4    ,!   
/reets ( ,rome ?r\gh :i* !y walk$ 7 damp
 & cell>-l1  fil?y & ill-pav$2 b ,agnes 
nei!r saw nor felt any?+ (  inconv5i5ce 
9 ?is3 _h !y be5 floor$1 l ^? ( ! ,new  
,j]usalem1 ) transluc5t gold1 h] fai?   
c\ld n h be5 m  f]v5t4    ,rome is at   
all times a =e/ ( qua9t co/umes1 a      
pantomime (  %ift+ sc5ic effects (      
religi\s c]emonies4 ,no?+ !re1 h[ev]    
s+ul>1 /rikes ! eye z out-(-!-way or    
unexpect$1 s9ce no  "o kn[s precisely to
 :at religi\s ord] x may belong1 or :at 
individual v[ or purpose x may repres5t4
 ,nei!r ,agnes nor ,elsie1  !re=e1 0    
surpris$1 :5 !y pass$ ?r\gh ! door-way  
to !  /reet1 at ! app>ition ( a man     
cov]$ f head to foot 9 a long  robe (   

:ite s]ge1 ) a high-peak$ cap ( ! same  
mat]ial drawn  completely d[n ov] 8 head
 & face4 ,two r\nd holes cut 9 ?is      
gho/ly head-ge> reveal$ simply two black
 glitt]+ eyes1 :i* %one  ) t s+ul> elfi%
 effect :i* belongs to ! human eye :5   
remov$ f its appropriate & natural      
accessories4 ,z !y pass$  out1 ! figure 
rattl$ a box on :i* 0 pa9t$ an image (  
despair+ s\ls rais+ implor+ h&s f v r$  
tongues ( flame1  by :i* x 0 und]/ood at
 once t he s\ght aid = s\ls 9           
,purgatory4 ,agnes & h] gr&mo!r ea*     
dropp$ !re9 a small co9  & w5t on _!    
way2 b ! figure foll[$ !m at a little   
di/ance  beh9d1 keep+ c>efully )9 sight 
( !m4    ,by means ( en]getic pu%+ &    
/riv+1 ,elsie contriv$ to secure  =     
h]self & h] gr&*ild /ations 9 ! piazza 9
 front ( !  *ur*1 9 ! v front rank1 :]e 
! procession 0 to pass4 ,a  motley      
assemblage x 01 ?is cr[d1 compris+ e    
v>iety (  co/ume ( rank & /ation &      
ecclesia/ical pr(ession1--c[ls  & hoods 
( ,franciscan & ,dom9ican1--picturesque 

headdresses (  peasant-wom5 ( diff]5t   
di/ricts1--plumes & ruffs ( m  aspir+   
g5tility1--mix$ ) e qua9t phase ( =eign 
co/ume  belong+ to ! /rang]s f diff]5t  
p>ts ( ! e>?2--=1  l ! old ,jewi%       
,passov]1 ?is celebration ( ,holy ,week 
_h its  assemblage ( ,p>?ians1 ,m$es1   
,elamites1 dwell]s 9 ,mesopotamia1      
,cretes1 & ,arabians1 all bl5d+ 9 "o    
common memorial4    ,amid ! /range      
v>iety ( p]sons among :om !y 7 cr[d$1   
,elsie  rem>k$ ! /rang] 9 ! :ite sack1  
:o _h foll[$ !m1 & :o  _h /ation$       
himself beh9d !m1--b x did n occur to h]
 t 8  pres5ce !re 0 o!r ?an m]ely       
accid5tal4    ,& n[ came sweep+ up ! gr&
 procession1 brilliant ) sc>let  & gold1
 wav+ ) plumes1 sp>kl+ ) gems1--x seem$ 
z if  e>? _h be5 ransack$ & human       
inv5tion tax$ to express !  ultimatum ( 
all t c\ld dazzle & bewild]1--&1 ) a    
ru/le  l t ( ripe gra9 be=e a sway+ w9d1
 all ! multitude w5t  d[n on _! knees z 
! cortege pass$4 ,agnes knelt1 too1 )   
clasp$ h&s1 ador+ ! sacr$ vision en%r9$ 

9 h] s\l2 & z  %e knelt ) uprais$ eyes1 
h] *eeks flu%$ ) en?usiasm1 h]  beauty  
attract$ ! att5tion ( m ?an "o 9 !      
procession4    ,!re is ! model :i* our  
ma/] has be5 look+ =1 said a "y  &      
h&some man 9 a ri* dress ( black velvet1
 :o1 by 8 co/ume1  appe>$ to hold ! rank
 ( fir/ *amb]la9 9 ! ,papal suite4    ,!
 "y man to :om he spoke gave a bold     
glance at ,agnes &  answ]$1--    ,pretty
 little rogue1 h[ well %e does ! sa9t6  
,"o c see1 t1 ) judici\s arrangem5t1 %e 
might make a nymph  z well z a sa9t1    
said ! fir/ speak]4    ,a ,daphne1 =    
example1 said ! o!r1 laugh+4    ,& %e   
w\ldn't turn into a laurel1 ei!r1 said !
 fir/4 ,well1  we mu/ keep our eye on   
h]4 ,& z !y 7 pass+ into !  *ur*-door1  
he beckon$ to a s]vant 9 wait+ & :isp]$ 
some?+1 indicat+ ,agnes ) a backw>d     
movem5t ( 8 h&4    ,! s]vant1 aft] ?is1 
kept cauti\sly )9 obs]v+ di/ance (  h]1 
z %e ) ! cr[d press$ into ! *ur* to     
assi/ at !  devotions4    ,long & dazzl+
 7 ^? c]emonies1 :51 rais$ on high l an 

en?ron$ ,god1 ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4       
receiv$ ! homage ( b5d$ knee  f !       
ambassadors ( e ,*ri/ian nation1 f heads
 ( all  ecclesia/ical ord]s1 & f g5]als 
& *iefs & pr9ces &  nobles1 :o1 rob$ &  
plum$ & gemm$ 9 all ! brighte/ &  pr\de/
 t e>? c\ld give1 b[$ ! knee humbly &   
kiss$ 8  foot 9 return = ! palm-bran*   
:i* he pres5t$4 ,mean:ile1 voices  (    
invisible s+]s *ant$ ! simple ev5t :i*  
all ?is spl5dor  0 commemorat+1--h[ (   
old ,jesus came into ,j]usalem meek &   
l[ly1  rid+ on an ass1--h[ ,8 disciples 
ca/ _! g>m5ts 9 ! way1  & ! multitude   
took bran*es ( palm-trees to come =? &  
meet  ,him1--h[ ,he 0 seiz$1 tri$1      
condemn$ to a cruel dea?1--&  ! cr[d1 ) 
dazzl$ & wond]+ eyes foll[+ ! gorge\s   
c]emonial1 reflect$ little h[ great 0 ! 
satire ( ! contra/1  h[ diff]5t ! com+ (
 t meek & l[ly ,"o to suff] & to  die f 
?is triumphant display ( worldly-pomp & 
spl5dor 9 ,8  pr(ess$ repres5tative4    
,b to ! pure all ?+s are pure1 & ,agnes 
?\ght only ( !  en?ronem5t ( all        

virtues1 ( all cele/ial *>ities &       
unworldly  purities 9 t spl5did         
c]emonial1 & long$ )9 h]self to  approa*
 s ne> z to t\* ! hem ( ^? wondr\s &    
sacr$  g>m5ts4 ,x 0 to h] en?usia/ic    
imag9ation l ! unclos+ (  cele/ial      
doors1 :]e ! k+s & prie/s ( an et]nal & 
heav5ly  temple move to & fro 9 music1 )
 ! _m-color$ glories (  ra9b[s & sunset 
cl\ds4 ,h] :ole nature 0 wr\ght ^u by ! 
sights & s\nds ( t gorge\s wor%ip1--%e  
seem$ to burn &  bright5 l an alt>-coal1
 h] figure appe>$ to dilate1 h] eyes    
grew deep] & %one ) a />ry light1 & !   
color ( h] *eeks  flu%$ up ) a vivid    
gl[1--nor 0 %e aw>e h[ (t5 eyes 7  turn$
 ^u h]1 nor h[ murmurs ( admiration     
foll[$ all h]  absorb$1 unconsci\s      
movem5ts4 ,ecco6 ,eccola6 0 (t5 repeat$ 
f m\? to m\? ar\nd h]1 b %e he>d x n4   
,:5 at la/ ! c]emony 0 f9i%$1 ! cr[d    
ru%$ aga9 out (  ! *ur* to see !        
dep>ture ( v>i\s dignit>ies4 ,!re 0  a  
p]fect :irl ( dazzl+ equipages1 &       
glitt]+ lackeys1 &  pranc+ horses1 cru/$

 ) gold1 flam+ 9 sc>let & purple1       
ret9ues ( c>d9als & pr9ces & nobles &   
ambassadors all 9 "o  spl5did confus$   
jo/le ( noise & brightness4    ,sudd5ly 
a s]vant 9 a gorge\s sc>let liv]y t\*$  
,agnes on !  %\ld]1 & said1 9 a tone (  
au?ority1--    ,"y maid51 y\r pres5ce is
 comm&$4    ,:o comm&s x8 said ,elsie1  
lay+ h] h& on h] gr&*ild's  %\ld]       
fi]cely4    ,are y mad8 :isp]$ two or   
?ree wom5 ( ! l[] ord]s to ,elsie  at   
once2 don't y "k :o t is8 ,hu%1 = y\r   
life6    ,i %all g ) y1 ,agnes1 said    
,elsie1 resolutely4    ,no1 y w n1 said 
! att5dant1 insol5tly4 ,?is maid5 is    
comm&$1 & none else4    ,he belongs to !
 ,pope's nephew1 :isp]$ a voice 9       
,elsie's e>4  ,y _h bett] h y\r tongue  
torn out ?an say ano!r ^w4  ,:]eupon1   
,elsie f\nd h]self actually borne       
backw>d by ?ree or f\r  /\t wom54       
,agnes look$ r\nd & smil$ on h]1--a     
smile full ( innoc5t  tru/1--& !n1      
turn+1 foll[$ ! s]vant into ! f9e/ ( !  
equipages1 :]e %e 0 lo/ to view4        

,elsie 0 almo/ wild ) fe> & impot5t     
rage2 b a l[1 impressive  voice n[ spoke
 9 h] e>4 ,x came f ! :ite figure :i* _h
  foll[$ !m 9 ! morn+4    ,li/51 x said1
 & be quiet2 don't turn y\r head1 b he> 
:at  ,i tell y4 ,y\r *ild is foll[$ by  
^? :o w save h]4 ,g y\r  ways :5ce y    
came4 ,wait till ! h\r aft] ! ,ave      
,m>ia1 !n come  to ! ,porta ,san        
,seba/iano1 & all w be well4    ,:5     
,elsie turn$ to look %e saw no "o1 b    
caught a di/ant glimpse  ( a :ite figure
 vani%+ 9 ! cr[d4    ,%e return$ to h]  
asylum1 wond]+ & disconsolate1 & ! fir/ 
p]son :om %e saw 0 old ,mona4    ,well1 
good morr[1 si/]6 %e said4 ,"k t ,i am  
"h on a /range  err&4 ,! ,pr9cess has   
tak5 su* a lik+ to y t no?+ w  d b we   
mu/ fet* y & y\r little "o out to h]    
villa4 ,i  look$ ev]y:]e = y 9 *ur* ?is 
morn+4 ,:]e h y hid  y\rselves8    ,we 7
 !re1 said ,elsie1 confus$1 & hesitat+  
:e!r to speak  ( :at _h happ5$4         
,well1 :]e is ! little "o8 ,get h]      
ready2 we h horses 9  wait+4 ,x is a    

good bit out ( ! city4    ,alack6 said  
,elsie1 ,i "k n :]e %e is4    ,holy     
,virg96 said ,mona1 h[ is ?is8          
,elsie1 mov$ by ! necessity :i* makes x 
a relief to op5 ! he>t  to "s "o1 sat   
d[n on ! /eps ( ! *ur* & p\r$ =? !  :ole
 /ory into ! li/5+ e> ( ,mona4    ,well1
 well1 well6 said ! old s]vant1 9 our   
days1 "o does  n wond] at any?+1--"o    
nev] kn[s "o day :at may come !         
next1--b ?is is bad en\gh6    ,d y ?9k1 
said ,elsie1 !re is any hope 9 t /range 
promise8    ,"o c b try x1 said ,mona4  
,if y c\ld b be !re !n1 said ,elsie1 &  
take u to y\r  mi/ress4    ,well1 ,i w  
wait1 = my mi/ress has tak5 an especial 
fancy to y\r  little "o1 m p>ticul>ly   
s9ce ?is morn+1 :5 a holy ,capu*9  came 
to our h\se & held a long conf]5ce ) h]1
 & aft] he 0  gone ,i f\nd my lady almo/
 9 a fa9t1 & %e w\ld h x t we  %\ld />t 
directly to br+ h] out "h1 & ,i _h mu*  
ado to let  h] see t ! *ild w\ld d q z  
well aft] s]vices 7 ov]4  ,i tir$ myself
 look+ ab\t = y 9 ! cr[d4    ,! two wom5

 !n digress$ ^u v>i\s gossip+ p>ticul>s1
 z !y  sat on ! old mossy1 grass-gr[n   
/eps1 look+ up ov] h\se-tops  yell[ )   
li*51 into ! blue spr+ air1 :]e flocks (
 :ite  pigeons 7 so>+ & c>e]+ 9 ! s(t1  
w>m sun%9e4  ,brightness & w>m? & fl[]s 
seem$ to be ! only idea natural to  t   
*>m+ wea!r1 & ,elsie1 sad-he>t$ & =ebod+
 z %e 01  felt ! b5ign influ5ce4 ,rome1 
:i* _h be5 s fatal a place to h]  peace1
 yet _h = h]1 z x has = e "o1 pot5t     
spells ( a  lull+ & soo?+ p[]4 ,:]e is !
 grief or anxiety t c  resi/ ! en*antm5t
 ( "o ( ,rome's bright1 s(t1 spr+ days8 
,,*apt] ,,xxix4    ,,! ,,night-,,ride4  
,! villa ( ! ,pr9cess ,paul9a 0 "o ( ^? 
s(t1 idyllic  p>adises :i* lie l s _m   
fairy-l&s ar\nd ! dreamy solitudes  (   
,rome4 ,!y are s fair1 s wild1 s /ill1  
^! villas6 ,nature 9  !m seems to run 9 
su* g5tle sympa?y ) ,art t "o feels z if
  !y _h n be5 s mu* ! product ( human   
skill z "s indig5\s  gr[? ( ,arcadian   
ages4 ,!re are qua9t t]races %ad[$ by   
clipp$  ilex-trees ^: bran*es make      

twilight ev5 9 ! sultrie/ noon2  !re are
 long-drawn pa?s1 ?r\gh wild]nesses :]e 
cyclam5s blossom  9 crimson cl\ds among 
cru%$ fragm5ts ( sculptur$ m>ble gre5  )
 ! moss ( ages1 & glossy-leav$ myrtles  
put =? _! pale  blue />s 9 con/ellations
 "u ! leafy %ad[s4 ,ev]y:]e is !  voice 
( wat]1 ev] lull+1 ev] babbl+1 & taught 
by ,art to run 9  _m a qua9t            
caprice1--"h to ru% d[n m>ble /eps      
slipp]y )  s$gy gre51 !re to sp\t up 9  
silv]y spray1 & anon to spread into  a  
cool1 waveless lake1 ^: mirror reflects 
trees & fl[]s f> d[n  9 "s vision>y     
und]world4 ,!n !re are wide lawns1 :]e !
  grass 9 spr+ is a p]fect ra9b[ (      
anemones1 :ite1 rose1 crimson1  purple1 
mottl$1 /reak$1 & dappl$ ) ev] v>y+ %ade
 ( sunset  cl\ds4 ,!re are s(t1 moi/    
banks :]e purple & :ite violets gr[     
l>ge & fair1 & trees all int]lac$ ) ivy1
 :i* runs & tw9es  ev]y:]e1 int]m+l+ its
 d>k1 graceful leaves & vivid "y  %oots 
) ! bloom & leafage ( all %ad[y places4 
,9 our day1 ^! lovely places h _! d>k   

%ad[ ev] haunt+  _! lovel9ess3 ! mal>ia1
 l an unse5 demon1 lies hid 9 _!        
sweetness4 ,& 9 ! "t we are speak+ (1 a 
curse n less deadly  poison$ ! beauties 
( ! ,pr9cess's villa1--! mal>ia ( fe>4  
,! gravell$ t]race 9 front ( ! villa    
comm&$1 ?r\gh !  clipp$ ar*es ( !       
ilex-trees1 ! ,campagna ) its s(t1      
undulat+  b&s ( _m-color$ gre51 & !     
di/ant city ( ,rome1 ^: bells  7 always 
fill+ ! air betwe5 ) a tremul\s         
vibration4 ,"h1  dur+ ! long sunny      
aft]noon :ile ,elsie & ,monica 7 croon+ 
toge!r on ! /eps ( ! *ur*1 ! ,pr9cess   
,paul9a walk$  re/lessly up & d[n1 look+
 =? on ! way t[>ds ! city =  ! travell]s
 :om %e expect$4    ,fa!r ,francesco _h 
be5 !re t morn+ & communicat$ to h]  !  
dy+ message ( ! ag$ ,capu*91 f :i* x    
appe>$ t !  *ild :o _h s mu* int]e/$ h] 
0 h] ne> k9swoman4 ,p]haps1  _h h] h\se 
rema9$ at ! height ( its p[] & spl5dor1 
%e  might h reject$ ) scorn ! idea ( a  
k9swoman ^: exi/5ce  _h be5 ow+ to a    
msalliance2 b a memb] ( an exil$ &      

dis9h]it$ family1 d]iv+ h] only com=t f 
unworldly s\rces1  %e reg>d$ ?is ev5t z 
an opportunity af=d$ h] to make         
expiation  = "o ( ! s9s ( h] h\se4 ,!   
beauty & w9n+ graces ( h]  "y k9swoman 7
 n )\t _! influ5ce 9 attract+ a lonely  
he>t depriv$ ( ! support ( natural ties4
 ,! ,pr9cess long$ =  some?+ to love1 & 
! discov]y ( a legitimate object (      
family  affection 0 an ev5t 9 ! we>y    
monotony ( h] life2 & !re=e  x 0 t !    
h\rs ( ! aft]noon seem$ long :ile %e    
look$  =? t[>ds ,rome1 li/5+ to !       
ceaseless *im+ ( its bells1 &  wond]+ :y
 no "o appe>$ along ! road4    ,! sun   
w5t d[n1 & all ! wide pla9 seem$ l ! sea
 at  twilight1 ly+ 9 rosy & lilac &     
purple %ad[y b&s1 out (  :i* rose ! old 
city1 solemn & lonely z "s en*ant$ isl& 
(  dream-l&1 ) a flu% ( radiance beh9d x
 & a toll+ ( weird  music fill+ all !   
air ar\nd4 ,n[ !y are *ant+ ! ,ave ,m>ia
 9  hundr$s ( *ur*es1 & ! ,pr9cess      
wor%ips 9 di/ant accord1 &  tries to    
/ill ! anxieties ( h] he>t ) _m a pray]4

 ,twilight  fades & fades1 ! ,campagna  
becomes a black sea1 & ! di/ant city    
looms up l a d>k rock aga9/ ! glimm]+   
sky1 & ! ,pr9cess  goes )9 & walks      
re/lessly ?r\gh ! wide halls1 /opp+ fir/
  at "o op5 w9d[ & !n at ano!r to li/54 
,b5ea? h] feet %e  treads a cool mosaic 
pavem5t :]e laugh+ ,cupids are danc+4   
,above1  f ! ceil+1 ,aurora & ! ,h\rs   
look d[n 9 _m-color$ cl\ds  (           
brightness4 ,! s\nd ( ! f\nta9s )\t is s
 cle> 9 !  int5se /illness t ! peculi>  
voice ( ea* "o c be told4 ,t  is ! sway+
 noise ( ! great jet t rises f m>ble    
%ells &  falls into a wide bas91 :]e    
silv]y swans swim r\nd & r\nd 9  en*ant$
 circles2 & ! o!r sl5d]] s\nd is !      
small] jet t  ra9s d[n its spray into ! 
violet-bord]s deep 9 ! %rubb]y2 &  t    
o!r1 ! %all[ babble ( ! wat]s t g d[n ! 
m>ble  /eps to ! lake4 ,h[ dreamlike &  
pla9tive !y all s\nd 9 !  night         
/illness6 ,! night+ale s+s f ! d>k %ad[s
 ( !  wild]ness2 & ! musky odors ( !    
cyclam5 come float+ ev]  & anon ?r\gh ! 

casem5t1 9 t /range1 cl\dy way 9 :i*    
fl[]-sc5ts seem to come & g 9 ! air 9 ! 
night season4    ,at la/ ! ,pr9cess     
fancies %e he>s ! di/ant tramp ( horses'
  feet1 & h] he>t beats s t %e c sc>cely
 li/53 n[ %e he>s  x1--& n[ a ris+ w9d1 
sweep+ across ! ,campagna1 seems to be> 
x moan+ away4 ,%e goes to a door & looks
 out into ! d>kness4  ,yes1 %e he>s x   
n[1 quick & regul>1--! beat ( _m horses'
 feet  com+ 9 hot ha/e along ! road4    
,surely ! few s]vants :om %e has  s5t _c
 make all ?is noise6 & %e trembles )    
vague affright4  ,p]haps x is a         
tyrannical message1 br++ imprisonm5t &  
dea?4 ,%e  calls a maid1 & bids h] br+  
lights into ! reception-hall4 ,a  few   
mom5ts m1 & !re is a confus$ /amp+ (    
horses' feet  approa*+ ! h\se1 & %e he>s
 ! voices ( h] s]vants4 ,%e  runs into !
 piazza1 & sees dism\nt+ a knight :o    
c>ries ,agnes 9  8 arms pale & fa9t+4   
,old ,elsie & ,monica1 too1 dism\nt1 )  
! ,pr9cess's m5-s]vants2 b1 wond]ful to 
tell1 !re seems besides  !m to be a tra9

 ( "s hundr$ arm$ horsem54    ,! timid  
,pr9cess 0 s flutt]$ & bewild]$ t %e lo/
 all  pres5ce ( m9d1 & /ood 9           
uncompreh5d+ wond]1 :ile ,monica  pu%$  
au?oritatively into ! h\se1 & beckon$ ! 
knight to br+  ,agnes & lay h] on a s(a1
 :5 %e & old ,elsie busi$ !mselves      
vigor\sly ) re/oratives4    ,! ,lady    
,paul9a1 z soon z %e c\ld collect h]    
scatt]$ s5ses1  recogniz$ 9 ,ago/9o !   
bani%$ "l ( ! ,s>elli family1 a race  :o
 _h %>$ ) h] own ! hatr$ & cruelty ( !  
,borgia tribe2  & he 9 turn _h recogniz$
 a daught] ( ! ,colonnas4    ,he drew h]
 aside into a small b\doir adjo9+ !     
ap>tm5t4    ,noble lady1 he said1 we are
 companions 9 mis=tune1 & s1 ,i  tru/1 y
 w p>don :at seems a tumultu\s intrusion
 on y\r  privacy4 ,i & my m5 came to    
,rome 9 disguise1 t we might wat* ov]  &
 protect ?is poor innoc5t1 :o n[ f9ds   
asylum ) y4    ,my ,"l1 said ! ,pr9cess1
 ,i see 9 ?is ev5t ! wond]ful work+  ( !
 good ,god4 ,i h b j le>n$ t ?is "y     
p]son is my  ne> k9swoman2 x 0 only ?is 

morn+ t ! fact 0 c]tifi$ to  me on ! dy+
 confession ( a holy ,capu*91 :o        
privately unit$ my  bro!r to h] "m4 ,!  
m>riage 0 an indiscretion ( 8 y\?2  b   
aft]w>ds he fell into m griev\s s9 9    
d5y+ ! holy  sacram5t1 & leav+ 8 wife to
 die 9 mis]y & di%onor1 &  p]haps = ?is 
fault su* great judgm5ts fell ^u him4 ,i
 wi% to  make atonem5t 9 su* sort z is  
yet possible by act+ z a "m to  ?is     
*ild4    ,! times are s tr\bl\s &       
unc]ta91 said ,ago/9o1 t %e  mu/ h      
/rong] protection ?an t ( any woman4 ,%e
 is ( a mo/  holy & religi\s nature1 b z
 ignorant ( s9 z an angel :o nev]  has  
se5 any?+ out ( heav52 & s ! ,borgias   
entic$ h] into  _! impure d51 f :i*1    
,god help+1 ,i h sav$ h]4 ,i tri$  all  
,i c\ld to prev5t h] com+ to ,rome1 & to
 conv9ce h] ( !  vil5ess t rul$ "h2 b ! 
poor little "o c\ld n believe me1  &    
?\ght me a h]etic only = say+ :at %e n[ 
kn[s f h] own  s5ses4    ,! ,lady       
,paul9a %udd]$ ) fe>4    ,is x possible 
t y h come into collision ) ! dreadful  

,borgias8 ,:at w become ( u8    ,i      
br\ght a hundr$ m5 into ,rome 9 diff]5t 
disguises1 said  ,ago/9o1 & we ga9$ ov] 
a s]vant 9 _! h\sehold1 ?r\gh :om  ,i   
ent]$ & c>ri$ h] (f4 ,_! m5 pursu$ u1 & 
we _h a fight  9 ! /reets1 b = ! mom5t  
we mu/]$ m ?an !y4 ,"s (  !m *as$ u a   
good di/ance4 ,b x w n d = u to rema9   
"h4 ,z soon z %e is reviv$ en\gh1 we mu/
 retreat t[>ds "o  ( our fa/nesses 9 !  
m\nta9s1 :5ce1 :5 re/$1 we %all g       
nor?w>d to ,flor5ce1 :]e ,i h p[]ful    
fri5ds1 & %e has also  an uncle1 a holy 
man1 by ^: c\nsels %e is mu* guid$4     
,y mu/ take me ) y1 said ! ,pr9cess1 9 a
 tremor ( anxiety4    ,n = ! _w w\ld ,i 
/ay1 if x be kn[n y h tak5 refuge  "h4  
,= a long "t _! spies h be5 wat*+ ab\t  
me2 !y  only wait = "s occasion to seize
 ^u my villa1 z !y h on !  possessions (
 all my fa!r's h\se4 ,let me flee ) y4  
,i h a  bro!r-9-law 9 ,flor5ce :o ha?   
(t5 urg$ me to escape to him till  times
 m5d1--=1 surely1 ,god w n all[ ! wick$ 
to be> rule  =ev]4    ,will+ly1 noble   

lady1 w we give y our escort1--! m s t  
?is poor *ild w !n h a fri5d ) h]       
beseem+ h] fa!r's  rank4 ,believe me1   
lady1 %e w d no discr$it to h] l9eage4  
,%e 0  tra9$ 9 a conv5t1 & h] s\l is a  
fl[] ( m>vell\s beauty4 ,i  mu/ decl>e  
to y "h t ,i h woo$ h] honorably to be  
my wife1  & %e w\ld will+ly be s1 _h n  
"s scruples ( a religi\s  vocation tak5 
hold on h]1 to dispel :i* ,i look = !   
aid ( !  holy fa!r1 h] uncle4    ,x w\ld
 be a mo/ fit & prop] ?+1 said !        
,pr9cess1 ?us to  ally our h\ses1 9 hope
 ( "s good "t to come :i* %all re/ore   
_! =m] /&+ & possessions4 ,( c\rse "s   
holy man mu/  judge ( ! ob/acle int]pos$
 by h] vocation2 b ,i d\bt n !  ,*ur* w 
be an indulg5t "m 9 a case :]e ! issue  
seems s  desirable4    ,if ,i be m>ri$  
to h]1 said ,ago/9o1 ,i c take h] out ( 
all  ^! /rifes & confusions :i* n[      
agitate our ,italy to ! c\rt (  ,france1
 :]e ,i h an uncle high 9 favor ) ! ,k+1
 & :o w  use all 8 influ5ce to compose  
^! tr\bles 9 ,italy1 & br+  ab\t a bett]

 day4    ,:ile ?is conv]sation 0 go+ on1
 b\ntiful refre%m5ts _h be5  provid$ = !
 :ole p>ty1 & ! att5dants ( ! ,pr9cess  
receiv$ ord]s to pack all h] jewels &   
valuable effects = a sudd5  j\rney4     
,z soon z prep>ations c\ld be made1 !   
:ole p>ty left ! villa (  ! ,pr9cess = a
 retreat 9 ! ,alban ,m\nta9s1 :]e       
,ago/9o  & 8 b& _h "o ( _! r5dezv\s4    
,only ! imm$iate female  att5dants ( !  
,pr9cess1 & "o or two m5-s]vants1 left )
 h]4  ,! silv] plate1 & all objects (   
p>ticul> value1 7 buri$ 9  ! g>d54 ,?is 
be+ done1 ! keys ( ! h\se 7 intru/$ to a
  gray-head$ s]vant1 :o ) 8 wife _h gr[n
 old 9 ! family4    ,x 0 midnight be=e  
ev]y?+ 0 ready = />t+4 ,! moon ca/      
silv] gleams ?r\gh ! ilex-av5ues1 &     
caus$ ! jet ( ! great  f\nta9 to look l 
a wav]+ pill> ( cl\dy brightness1 :5 !  
,pr9cess l$ =? ,agnes ^u ! wide v]&a4   
,two g5tle1 yet spirit$  little animals 
f ! ,pr9cess's /ables 7 !re await+ !m1 &
  !y 7 lift$ into _! saddles by ,ago/9o4
    ,fe> no?+1 ,madam1 he said1 obs]v+  

h[ ! h&s ( ! ,pr9cess  trembl$2 a few   
h\rs w put u 9 p]fect safety1 & ,i %all 
be at  y\r side con/antly4    ,!n lift+ 
,agnes to h] seat1 he plac$ ! re9s 9 h] 
h&4    ,are y re/$8 he ask$4    ,x 0 !  
fir/ "t s9ce h] rescue t he _h spok5 to 
,agnes4 ,!  words 7 brief1 b no         
expressions ( ende>m5t c\ld convey m    
?an ! mann] 9 :i* !y 7 spok54    ,yes1  
my ,"l1 said ,agnes1 firmly1 ,i am re/$4
    ,y ?9k y c be> ! ride8    ,i c be>  
any?+1 s ,i escape1 %e said4    ,!      
company 7 n[ all m\nt$1 & 7 m>%all$ 9   
regul> ord]4  ,a body ( arm$ m5 rode 9  
front2 !n came ,agnes & ! ,pr9cess1  )  
,ago/9o betwe5 !m1 :ile two or ?ree     
troop]s rode on ei!r  side2 ,elsie1     
,monica1 & ! s]vants ( ! ,pr9cess foll[$
 close  beh9d1 & ! re> 0 br\ght up 9 l  
mann] by arm$ m54    ,! pa? w\nd fir/   
?r\gh ! gr\nds ( ! villa1 ) its plats  (
 light & %ade1 its solemn groves (      
/one-p9es ris+ l  palm-trees high 9 air 
above ! tops ( all o!r trees1 its       
t]races  & /atues & f\nta9s1--all seem+ 

s lovely 9 ! midnight  /illness4        
,p]haps ,i am leav+ all ?is =ev]1 said !
 ,pr9cess4    ,let u hope = ! be/1 said 
,ago/9o4 ,x _c be t ,god w  suff] ! seat
 ( ! ,apo/les to be subject$ to su*     
ignom9y  & disgrace mu* long]4 ,i am    
amaz$ t no ,*ri/ian k+s h  int]f]$ be=e 
= ! honor ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,i h x f ! be/   
au?ority t ! ,k+ ( ,naples bur/ into    
te>s :5 he he>d ( !  election ( ?is     
wret* to be ,pope4 ,he said t x 0 a     
sc&al :i*  ?reat5$ ! v exi/5ce (        
,*ri/ianity4 ,he has s5t me secret      
messages div]s times expressive (       
sympa?y1 b he is n ( himself  /rong     
en\gh4 ,our hope mu/ lie ei!r 9 ! ,k+ ( 
,france or !  ,emp]or ( ,g]many3 p]haps 
bo? w engage4 ,!re is n[ a mo/ holy     
monk 9 ,flor5ce :o has be5 /irr+ all    
he>ts 9 a wond]ful way4 ,x  is said t ! 
v gifts ( miracles & prophecy are reviv$
 9 him1  z among ! holy ,apo/les1 & he  
has be5 be/irr+ himself to h  a ,g5]al  
,c\ncil ( ! ,*ur* to look into ^!       
matt]s4 ,:5 ,i left  ,flor5ce1 a %ort "t

 ago1 ! faction oppos$ to him broke into
 !  conv5t & took him away4 ,i myself 0 
!re4    ,:at6 said ,agnes1 did !y break 
into ! conv5t ( ! ,san ,m>co8  ,my uncle
 is !re4    ,yes1 & he & ,i f\ght side  
by side ) ! mob :o 7 ru%+  94    ,uncle 
,antonio fight6 said ,agnes1 9          
a/oni%m5t4    ,ev5 wom5 w fight1 :5 :at 
!y love mo/ is attack$1 said !  knight4 
,he turn$ to h]1 z he spoke1 & saw 9 !  
moonlight a fla% f h]  eye1 & an h]oic  
expression on h] face1 su* z he _h nev] 
rem>k$  be=e2 b %e said no?+4 ,! veil _h
 be5 rudely torn f h]  eyes2 %e _h se5 )
 horror ! defilem5t & impurity ( :at %e 
_h ignorantly ador$ 9 holy places1 & !  
revelation seem$ to h  wr\ght a *ange 9 
h] :ole nature4    ,ev5 y c\ld fight1   
,agnes1 said ! knight1 to save y\r      
religion  f disgrace4    ,no1 said %e2  
b1 %e add$1 ) ga!r+ firmness1 ,i c\ld   
die4  ,i %\ld be glad to die ) & = !    
holy m5 :o w\ld save !  honor ( ! true  
fai?4 ,i %\ld l to g to ,flor5ce to my  
uncle4 ,if  he dies = 8 religion1 ,i    

%\ld l to die ) him4    ,ah1 live to    
tea* x to me6 said ! knight1 b5d+ t[>ds 
h]1 z  if to adju/ h] bridle-re91 &     
speak+ 9 a voice sc>cely audible4  ,9 a 
mom5t he 0 turn$ aga9 t[>ds ! ,pr9cess1 
li/5+ to h]4    ,s x seems1 %e said1 t  
we %all be runn+ into ! ?ick ( !        
conflict 9 ,flor5ce4    ,yes1 b my uncle
 ha? promis$ t ! ,k+ ( ,france %all     
int]f]e4 ,i h hope some?+ may ev5 n[ h  
be5 done4 ,i hope to  effect some?+     
myself4    ,ago/9o spoke ) ! *e]ful     
c\rage ( y\?4 ,agnes glanc$ timidly  up 
at him4 ,h[ great ! *ange 9 h] ideas6   
,no long] look+ on him  z a w&]] f !    
fold1 an enemy ( ! ,*ur*1 he seem$ n[ 9 
! attitude ( a *ampion ( ! fai?1 a      
def5d] ( holy m5 &  ?+s aga9/ a base    
usurpation4 ,:at inju/ice _h %e done    
him1 &  h[ pati5tly _h he borne t       
inju/ice6 ,_h he n s\ght to w>n  h]     
aga9/ ! dang] ( v5tur+ into t corrupt   
city8 ,^? words  :i* s mu* %ock$ h]1    
aga9/ :i* %e _h %ut h] e>s1 7 all  true2
 %e _h f\nd !m s2 %e c\ld d\bt no long]4

 ,& yet he _h  foll[$ h]1 & sav$ h] at !
 risk ( 8 life4 ,c\ld %e help  lov+ "o  
:o _h lov$ h] s mu*1 "o s noble & h]oic8
 ,w\ld  x be a s9 to love him8 ,%e      
pond]$ ! d>k w>n+s ( ,fa!r  ,francesco1 
& !n ?\ght ( ! *e]ful1 f]v5t piety ( h] 
old  uncle4 ,h[ w>m1 h[ t5d]1 h[        
life-giv+ _h be5 8 pres5ce  always6 h[  
full ( fai? & pray]1 h[ fruitful (      
heav5ly words &  ?\ghts _h be5 all 8    
m9i/rations6--& yet x 0 = him &  ) him &
 8 ma/] t ,ago/9o ,s>elli 0 fight+1 &   
aga9/  him ! usurp+ head ( ! ,*ri/ian   
,*ur*4 ,!n !re 0 ano!r  subject = pond]+
 dur+ ?is night-ride4 ,! secret ( h]    
bir?  _h be5 told h] by ! ,pr9cess1 :o  
claim$ h] z k9swoman4 ,x _h  seem$ to h]
 at fir/ l ! revelations ( a dream2 b z 
%e rode  & reflect$1 gradually ! idea   
%ap$ itself 9 h] m9d4 ,%e 01 9  bir? &  
blood1 ! equal ( h] lov]1 & h5ce=? h]   
life w\ld  no m be 9 t l[ly plane :]e x 
_h always mov$4 ,%e ?\ght (  ! little   
orange-g>d5 at ,sorr5to1 ( ! gorge ) its
 old bridge1  ! ,conv5t1 ! si/]s1 ) a   

sort ( t5d]1 wond]+ pa94 ,p]haps  %e    
%\ld see !m no m4 ,9 ?is new situation  
%e long$ once m  to see & talk ) h] old 
uncle1 & to h him tell h] :at 7  h]     
duties4    ,_! pa? soon began to be a   
wild clamb] among ! m\nta9s1 n[ lo/  9 !
 %ad[ ( groves ( gray1 ru/l+ olives1 ^: 
knott$1 s]p5t  roots coil$ r\nd ! rocks1
 & ^: leaves silv]$ 9 ! moonlight  :5ev]
 ! w9d sway$ !m4 ,:atev] might be !     
r\ghness &  difficulties ( ! way1 ,agnes
 f\nd h] knight ev] at h] bridle-re91   
guid+ & uphold+1 /eady+ h] 9 h] saddle  
:5 ! horse  plung$ d[n %ort & sudd5     
desc5ts1 & wrapp+ h] 9 8 mantle  to     
protect h] f ! *ill m\nta9-air4 ,:5 !   
day 0 j  r$d5+ 9 ! sky1 ! :ole troop    
made a sudd5 halt be=e a squ>e  /one t[]
 :i* seem$ to be a portion ( a ru9$     
build+1 & "h  "s ( ! m5 dism\nt+ knock$ 
at an ar*$ door4 ,x 0 soon swung  op5 by
 a woman ) a lamp 9 h] h&1 ! light ( :i*
 reveal$  v black hair & eyes1 & heavy  
gold e>r+s4    ,h my directions be5     
att5d$ to8 said ,ago/9o1 9 a tone (     

comm&4 ,are !re places made ready = ^!  
ladies to sleep8    ,!re are1 my ,"l1   
said ! woman1 obsequi\sly1--! be/ we    
c\ld  get ready on s %ort a notice4     
,ago/9o came up to ! ,pr9cess4 ,noble   
,madam1 he said1 y w  value safety be=e 
all ?+s2 d\btless ! be/ t c be done "h  
is b poor1 b x w give y a few h\rs =    
repose :]e y may  be sure ( be+ 9 p]fect
 safety4    ,s say+1 he assi/$ h] &     
,agnes to dism\nt1 & ,elsie & ,monica   
also alight+1 !y foll[$ ! woman into a  
d>k /one passage & up  "s rude /one     
/eps4 ,%e op5$ at la/ ! door ( a        
brick-floor$  room1 :]e b$s appe>$ to h 
be5 ha/ily prep>$4 ,!re 0 no  furniture 
( any sort except ! b$s4 ,! walls 7 du/y
 & hung  ) cobwebs4 ,a small] ap>tm5t   
op5+ into ?is _h b$s = ,elsie  &        
,monica4    ,! travell]s1 h[ev]1 7 too  
mu* exhau/$ ) _! night-ride  to be      
critical1 ! s]vices ( disrob+ & prep>+ =
 re/ 7  quickly conclud$1 & 9 less ?an  
an h\r all 7 asleep1 :ile  ,ago/9o 0    
busy conc]t+ ! means = an imm$iate      

j\rney to  ,flor5ce4      ,,*apt] ,,xxx4
    ,,let ,,u ,,also ,,g1 ,,t ,,we ,,may
 ,,die ,,) ,,him4      ,fa!r ,antonio   
sat alone 9 8 cell 9 ! ,san ,m>co 9 an  
attitude (  deep dejection4 ,! op5 w9d[ 
look$ into ! g>d5 ( ! conv5t1  f :i*    
/eam$ up ! fragrance ( violet1 jasm9e1 &
 rose1 &  ! sun%9e lay fair on all t 0  
)\t4 ,on a table beside him  7 _m loose 
& scatt]$ sket*es1 & an unf9i%$ page (  
! ,brevi>y he 0 execut+1 ri* 9 qua9t    
trac]y ( gold &  arabesques1 seem$ to h 
rec5tly occupi$ 8 att5tion1 = 8  palette
 0 wet & _m loose bru%es lay /rew$      
ar\nd4 ,^u !  table /ood a ,v5etian     
glass ) a n>r[ neck & a bulb cle>  & ?9 
z a soap-bubble1 conta9+ v9es & blossoms
 ( !  passion-fl[]1 :i* he _h evid5tly  
be5 us+ z models 9 8 "w4    ,! page he 0
 illum9at+ 0 ! prophetic ,psalm :i*     
describes !  ignom9y & suff]+s ( !      
,r$eem]4 ,x 0 surr\nd$ by a wrea!d      
bord] ( ?orn-bran*es int]wov5 ) !       
blossoms & t5drils (  ! passion-fl[]1 & 
! initial lett]s ( ! fir/ two words 7   

=m$ by a curi\s comb9ation ( ! hamm]1 ! 
nails1 ! spe>1 !  cr[n ( ?orns1 ! cross1
 & o!r in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion2 &  cle>1 
9 r$ lett]1 gleam$ out ^? wond]ful1     
my/]i\s words1  consecrat$ by !         
remembrance ( a m ?an mortal            
angui%1--,my ,god1  my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\  
=sak5 me8    ,! arti/-monk _h p]haps fl$
 to 8 palette to assuage !  ?robb+s ( 8 
he>t1 z a m\rn+ "m flies to ! cradle (  
h]  *ild2 b ev5 !re 8 grief appe>$ to h 
ov]tak5 him1 = !  "w lay z if pu%$ f him
 9 an access ( angui% su* z comes  f !  
sudd5 recurr5ce ( "s ov]:elm+           
recollection4 ,he 0  lean+ =w>d ) 8 face
 buri$ 9 8 h&s1 sobb+ convulsively4     
,! door op5$1 & a man advanc+ /eal?ily  
beh9d laid a h&  k9dly on 8 %\ld]1 say+ 
s(tly1 ,s1 s1 bro!r6    ,fa!r ,antonio  
look$ up1 &1 da%+ 8 h& ha/ily across 8  
eyes1 grasp$ t ( ! new-com]             
convulsively1 & say+ only1 ,oh1         
,baccio6 ,baccio6 hid 8 face aga94    ,!
 eyes ( ! o!r fill$ ) te>s1 z he answ]$ 
g5tly1--    ,nay1 b1 my bro!r1 y are    

kill+ y\rself4 ,!y tell me t y  h eat5  
no?+ = ?ree days1 & slept n = weeks2 y w
 die  ( ?is grief4    ,w\ld t ,i might6 
,:y c\ld n ,i die ) him z well z ,fra   
,dom5ico8 ,oh1 my ma/]6 my de> ma/]6    
,x is inde$ a mo/ heavy day to u all1   
said ,baccio della ,porta1  ! amiable & 
pure-m9d$ arti/ bett] kn[n to our times 
by 8  conv5tual "n ( ,fra ,b>tolommeo4  
,nev] h we _h among u su* a  man2 & if  
!re be any light ( grace 9 my s\l1 8    
prea*+ fir/  awak5$ x1 bro!r4 ,i only   
wait to see him ent] ,p>adise1 & !n  ,i 
take f>ewell ( ! _w =ev]4 ,i am go+ to  
,prato to take !  ,dom9ican habit1 &    
foll[ him z ne> z ,i may4    ,x is well1
 ,baccio1 x is well1 said ,fa!r         
,antonio2 b y mu/ n  put out ! light (  
y\r g5ius 9 ^? %ad[s1--y mu/ /ill pa9t  
= ! glory ( ,god4    ,i h no he>t =     
pa9t+ n[1 said ,baccio1 deject$ly4 ,he 0
 my  inspiration1 he taught me ! holi]  
way1 & he is gone4    ,at ?is mom5t !   
conf]5ce ( ! two 0 int]rupt$ by a knock+
  at ! door1 & ,ago/9o ,s>elli ent]$1   

pale & disord]$4    ,h[ is ?is8 he said1
 ha/ily4 ,:at devils' c>nival is ?is :i*
  ha? brok5 loose 9 ,flor5ce8 ,e good ?+
 is gone into d5s &  holes1 & e vile ?+ 
t c hiss & spit & /+ is crawl+  abroad4 
,:at d ! pr9ces ( ,europe mean to let   
su* ?+s be8    ,only ! old /ory1 said   
,fa!r ,antonio1--,pr9cipes conv5]unt 9  
unum adv]sus ,dom9um1 adv]sus ,*ri/um   
ejus4    ,s mu* 7 all ?ree absorb$ 9 !  
subject ( _! ?\ghts1 t  no k9d ( greet+ 
or m>k ( recognition pass$ among !m1 su*
 z is  common :5 p meet aft] tempor>y   
sep>ation4 ,ea* spoke out f  ! fulness (
 8 s\l1 z f an ov]fl[+ bitt] f\nta94    
,0 !re no "o to speak = him1--no "o to  
/& up = ! pride (  ,italy1--! man ( 8   
age8 said ,ago/9o4    ,!re 0 "o voice   
rais$ = him 9 ! c\ncil1 said ,fa!r      
,antonio4 ,!re 0 ,agnolo ,niccol9i3 a   
grave man is ?is ,agnolo1 & (  great    
exp]i5ce 9 public affairs1 & he spoke   
out 8 m9d boldly4 ,he  told !m flatly1  
t1 if !y look$ ?r\gh ! pres5t "t or !   
pa/ ages1 !y w\ld n meet a man ( su* a  

high & noble ord] z  ?is1 & t to lay at 
our door ! blood ( a man ! l ( :om      
might n be born = c5turies 0 too impi\s 
& execrable a ?+ to  be ?\ght (4 ,i'll  
w>rant me1 he made a ru/l+ among !m :5  
he  said t1 & ! ,pope's commiss>y--old  
,romal9o--!n :isp]$  & fr[n$2 b ,agnolo 
is a /iff old fell[ :5 he once beg9s a  
?+1--he nev] m9d$ x1 & w5t ?r\gh ) 8    
say4 ,x seems to  me he said t x 0 n = u
 to qu5* a light l ?is1 capable  ( giv+ 
lu/re to ! fai? ev5 :5 x _h gr[n dim 9  
o!r p>ts  ( ! _w1--& n to ! fai? alone1 
b to all ! arts &  sci5ces connect$ ) x4
 ,if x 7 ne$$ to put re/ra9t on him1  he
 said1 :y n put him into "s =tress1 &   
give him commodi\s  ap>tm5ts1 )         
abundance ( books1 & p51 ink1 & pap]1   
:]e he  w\ld write books to ! honor (   
,god & ! exaltation ( ! holy  fai?8 ,he 
told !m t ?is might be a good to ! _w1  
:]eas  consign+ him to dea? )\t use (   
any k9d w\ld br+ on our  republic       
p]petual di%onor4    ,well said = him6  
said ,baccio1 ) w>m?2 b ,i'll w>rant me1

 he  might z well h prea*$ to ! nor? w9d
 9 ,m>*1 8 enemies are  9 su* a fury4   
,yes1 yes1 said ,antonio1 x is j z x 0 (
 old3 ! *ief  prie/s & ,scribes &       
,ph>isees 7 in/ant ) l\d voices1        
requir+ he %\ld be put to dea?2 & ! easy
 ,pilates1 = fe> (  ! tumult1 wa%$ _!   
h&s ( x4    ,& n[1 said ,ago/9o1 !y are 
putt+ up a great gibbet 9 !  %ape ( a   
cross 9 ! public squ>e1 :]e !y w hang ! 
?ree  holie/ & be/ m5 ( ,flor5ce6    ,i 
came ?r\gh !re ?is morn+1 said ,baccio1 
& !re 7 "y  m5 & boys %\t+1 & h[l+1 &   
s++ indec5t songs1 &  putt+ up indec5t  
pictures1 su* z ^? he us$ to prea*      
aga9/4  ,x is j z y say4 ,all ?+s vile h
 crept out ( _! lair1 &  triumph t ! man
 :o made !m afraid is put d[n2 & e h\se 
is full ( ! mo/ horrible lies ab\t      
him1--?+s t !y said he  confess$4       
,confess$6 said ,fa!r ,antonio1--0 x n  
en\gh t !y tore  & tortur$ him sev5     
times1 b !y mu/ g>ble & twi/ ! v  words 
t he said 9 8 agony8 ,! process !y h    
publi%$ is  f\lly falsifi$1--/uff$ full 

( improbable lies2 = ,i myself h  read !
 fir/ draught ( all he did say1 j z     
,signor ,ceccone took x  d[n z !y 7     
tortur+ him4 ,i _h x f ,jacopo ,manelli1
 canon (  our ,duomo "h1 & he got x f   
,ceccone's wife h]self4 ,!y n only  c   
torture & slay him1 b !y torture & slay 
8 memory )  lies4    ,w\ld ,i 7 9 ,god's
 place = "o day6 said ,ago/9o1 speak+   
?r\gh 8 cl5*$ tee?4 ,may ,i be =giv5 =  
say+ s4    ,we are hot & ha/y1 said     
,fa!r ,antonio1 ev] ready to call d[n   
fire f heav51--b1 aft] all1 '! ,"l      
reigne?1 let ! e>?  rejoice4' ',unto !  
upright !re arise? light 9 ! d>kness4'  
,our  de> fa!r is su/a9$ 9 _s & full (  
love4 ,ev5 :5 !y  let him g f ! torture1
 he fell on 8 knees1 pray+ = 8          
torm5tors4    ,good ,god6 ?is passes me6
 said ,ago/9o1 /rik+ 8 h&s toge!r4  ,oh1
 :]e=e ha? a /rong man arms & h&s1 & a  
sword1 if he  mu/ /& /ill & see su* ?+s 
done8 ,if ,i _h only my hundr$          
m\nta9e]s "h1 ,i w\ld make "o *>ge = him
 to-morr[4 ,if ,i c\ld  only d some?+6  

he add$1 /rid+ impetu\sly up & d[n !    
cell & cl5*+ 8 fi/s4 ,:at6 ha? nobody   
petition$ to /ay ?is  ?+8    ,nobody =  
him1 said ,fa!r ,antonio4 ,!re 0 talk 9 
! city  ye/]day t ,fra ,dom5ico 0 to be 
p>don$2 9 fact1 ,romal9o 0  q incl9$ to 
d x1 b ,batti/a ,alb]t talk$ viol5tly   
aga9/  x1 & s ,romal9o said1 ',well1 a  
monk m or less isn't mu* matt]1'  & !n  
he put 8 "n d[n = dea? ) ! re/4 ,! ord] 
0  sign$ by bo? commiss>ies ( ! ,pope1 &
 "o 0 ,fr ,turiano1 !  g5]al ( our ord]1
 a mild man1 full ( *>ity1 b unable to  
/&  aga9/ ! ,pope4    ,mild m5 are      
nuisances 9 su* places1 said ,ago/9o1   
ha/ily2 our  times want some?+ ( ano!r  
sort4    ,!re be _m :o h fall5 away f   
him ev5 9 our h\se "h1  said ,fa!r      
,antonio1--z x 0 ) our bless$ ,"l1 ^:   
disciples  =sook him & fl$4 ,x seems to 
be ! only ?\ght ) "s h[ !y  %all make _!
 peace ) ! ,pope4    ,& s ! ?+ w be     
hurri$ ?r\gh to-morr[1 said ,ago/9o1  & 
:5 x's done & ov]1 ,i'll w>rant me !re w
 be f\nd k+s  & emp]ors to say !y meant 

to h sav$ him4 ,x's a vile1 evil  _w1   
?is ( ours2 an honorable man longs to   
see ! end ( x4 ,b1  he add$1 com+ up &  
speak+ to ,fa!r ,antonio1 ,i h a private
  message = y4    ,i am gone ?is mom5t1 
said ,baccio1 ris+ ) ready c\rtesy2 b   
keep up he>t1 bro!r4    ,s say+1 !      
good-he>t$ arti/ left ! cell1 & ,ago/9o 
said1--    ,i br+ tid+s to y ( y\r      
k9dr$4 ,y\r niece & si/] are "h  9      
,flor5ce1 & w\ld see y4 ,y w f9d !m at !
 h\se ( "o  ,gh]>do ,rosselli1 a ri*    
citiz5 ( noble blood4    ,:y are !y !re8
 said ! monk1 lo/ 9 amazem5t4    ,y mu/ 
"k1 !n1 t a mo/ s+ul> discov]y ha? be5  
made  by y\r niece at ,rome4 ,! si/] (  
h] fa!r1 be+ a lady ( !  pr9cely blood (
 ,colonna1 ha? be5 assur$ ( h] bir? by !
  confession ( ! prie/ t m>ri$ him2 &   
be+ driv5 f ,rome by  fe> ( ! ,borgias1 
!y came hi!r "u my escort1 & wait to see
  y4 ,s1 if y w come ) me n[1 ,i w guide
 y to !m4    ,ev5 s1 said ,fa!r         
,antonio4      ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4          
,,m>tyrdom4      ,9 a %ad[y *amb] ( a   

room ov]look+ ! gr& squ>e ( ,flor5ce    
might be se51 on ! next morn+1 "s ( !   
pr9cipal p]sonages (  our /ory4 ,fa!r   
,antonio1 ,baccio della ,porta1 ,ago/9o 
,s>elli1 !  ,pr9cess ,paul9a1 ,agnes1 ) 
h] gr&mo!r1 & mix$ cr[d (  citiz5s &    
ecclesia/ics :o all spoke 9 hu%$ &      
tremul\s voices1  z m5 d 9 ! *amb] (    
m\rn]s at a fun]al4 ,! great1 my/]i\s   
bell ( ! ,campanile 0 sw++ ) dismal1    
he>t-%ak+ toll1 l  a mighty voice f !   
_s-_w2 & x 0 answ]$ by !  toll+ ( all ! 
bells 9 ! city1 mak+ su* wav]+ clangors 
&  vibrat+ circles 9 ! air ov] ,flor5ce 
t x might seem z if x  7 full ( w>r+    
spirits wre/l+ = ma/]y4    ,toll6 toll6 
toll6 ,o great bell ( ! fair ,campanile6
 = ?is day !  noble/ ( ! wond]ful m5 (  
,flor5ce is to (f]$ up4 ,toll6 = an  era
 is go+ out1--! era ( h] arti/s1 h]     
/atesm51 h] poets1 &  h] s*ol>s4 ,toll6 
= an era is com+ 91--! era ( h] disgrace
  & subjugation & mis=tune6    ,! /epp+ 
( ! va/ cr[d 9 ! squ>e 0 l ! patt] ( a  
great /orm1 & ! hum ( voices rose up l !

 murmur ( ! ocean2  b 9 ! *amb] all 0 s 
/ill t "o c\ld h he>d !  dropp+ ( a p94 
,"u ! balcony ( ?is room 7 seat$ 9 pomp 
& /ate ! ,papal  commission]s1 radiant 9
 gold & sc>let respectability2 & ,pilate
  & ,h]od1 on t]ms ( ! mo/ excell5t     
fri5d%ip1 7 ready to act  ov] aga9 ! "p 
!y _h act$ f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s by be=e4  
,n[  has arriv$ ! mom5t :5 ! ?ree       
foll[]s ( ! ,man ( ,calv>y  are to be   
degrad$ f ! fell[%ip ( ,8 visible ,*ur*4
    ,fa!r ,antonio1 ,ago/9o1 & ,baccio  
/ood =? 9 ! balcony1 &1  draw+ 9 _!     
brea?1 look$ d[n1 z ! ?ree m5 ( ! h\r1  
pale  & hagg>d ) imprisonm5t & torture1 
7 br\ght up amid !  hoots & obsc5e je/s 
( ! populace4 ,savon>ola fir/ 0 l$ be=e 
! tribunal1 & !re1 ) circum/antial      
m9ut5ess1 endu$ )  all 8 prie/ly        
ve/m5ts1 :i* aga91 ) sep>ate c]emonies (
  reprobation & ignom9y1 7 tak5 f him4  
,he /ood ?r\gh x all  s]5e z /ood 8     
,ma/] :5 /ripp$ ( ,8 g>m5ts on ,calv>y4 
,!re is a mom5t>y hu% ( voices & draw+ 9
 ( brea?s 9 !  great cr[d4 ,! ,papal    

legate takes him by ! h& & pron\nces !  
words1 ,j]ome ,savon>ola1 ,i sep>ate !e 
f ! ,*ur* ,militant &  ! ,*ur*          
,triumphant4    ,he is go+ to speak4    
,:at says he8 said ,ago/9o1 lean+ ov] ! 
balcony4    ,solemnly & cle> t          
impressive voice :i* s (t5 _h ?rill$ !  
cr[ds 9 t v squ>e made answ]1--    ,f ! 
,*ur* ,militant y may divide me2 b f !  
,*ur*  ,triumphant1 no1--t is above y\r 
p[]6--& a light fla%$ out  9 8 face z if
 a smile f ,*ri/ _h %one d[n ^u him4    
,am56 said ,fa!r ,antonio2 he ha?       
witness$ a good confession1--&  turn+1  
he w5t 91 &1 bury+ 8 face 9 8 h&s1      
rema9$ 9  pray]4    ,:5 l c]emonies _h  
be5 pass$ ?r\gh ) ! o!rs1 ! ?ree  m>tyrs
 7 deliv]$ to ! secul> execution]1 &1   
amid ! sc(fs  & je]s ( ! brutal cr[d1   
turn$ _! faces to ! gibbet4    ,bro!rs1 
let u s+ ! ,te ,deum1 said ,savon>ola4  
,d n s infuriate ! mob1 said !          
execution]1--= h>m might be  done4      
,at lea/ let u repeat x toge!r1 said he1
 le/ we =get x4    ,& s !y w5t =w>d1    

speak+ to ea* o!r ( ! glori\s company  (
 ! apo/les1 ! goodly fell[%ip ( !       
prophets1 ! noble army  ( m>tyrs1 & giv+
 ?anks al\d 9 t great triumphal hymn ( !
  ,*ur* ( all ,ages4    ,:5 ! lurid     
fires 7 light$ :i* blaz$ r$ & fe>ful    
?r\gh  t cr[d$ squ>e1 all 9 t sil5t     
*amb] fell on _! knees1 &  ,fa!r        
,antonio repeat$ pray]s = dep>t+ s\ls4  
,to ! la/1 t b5ignant "r h& :i* _h s (t5
 po9t$ !  way ( life to t fai?less city 
0 /ret*$ out ov] ! cr[d  9 ! attitude ( 
bless+2 & s lov+1 n hat+1 pray+ )       
exaltation1 & r5d]+ bless+ = curs+1 !   
s\ls ( ! m>tyrs  asc5d$ to ! great cl\d 
( witnesses above4      ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4
    ,,conclusion4      ,a few days aft] 
! dea? ( ,savon>ola1 ,fa!r ,antonio 0   
f\nd "o  morn+ engag$ 9 deep conv]se )  
,agnes4    ,! ,pr9cess ,paul9a1 act+ =  
h] family1 desir$ to give h] h& to  !   
,pr9ce ,ago/9o ,s>elli1 & ! int]view    
relat$ to ! religi\s  scruples :i* /ill 
conflict$ ) ! natural desires ( ! *ild4 
,tell me1 my little "o1 said ,fa!r      

,antonio1 frankly & truly1 do/  ?\ n    
love ?is man ) all ?y he>t8    ,yes1 my 
fa!r1 ,i d1 said ,agnes2 b ought ,i n to
 resign ?is love  = ! love ( my ,savi\r8
    ,i see n :y1 said ! monk4 ,m>riage  
is a sacram5t z well z holy  ord]s1 & x 
is a mo/ holy & v5]able "o1 repres5t+ ! 
div9e  my/]y by :i* ! s\ls ( ! bless$   
are unit$ to ! ,"l4 ,i d  n hold ) ,sa9t
 ,b]n>d1 :o1 9 8 zeal = a conv5tual     
life1  seem$ to see no o!r way ( s]v+   
,god b = all m5 & wom5 to  become monks 
& nuns4 ,! holy ord] is inde$ bless$ to 
^? s\ls  ^: call to x is cle> & evid5t1 
l m9e2 b if !re be a  /rong & virtu\s   
love = a wor?y object1 x is a vocation  
unto  m>riage1 :i* %\ld n be d5i$4      
,s1 ,agnes1 said ! knight1 :o _h /ol5   
into ! room unp]ceiv$1  & :o n[ boldly  
possess$ himself ( "o ( h] h&s--,fa!r   
,antonio ha? decid$ ?is matt]1 he add$1 
turn+ to ! ,pr9cess  & ,elsie1 :o ent]$1
 & ev]y?+ hav+ be5 made ready =  my     
j\rney into ,france1 ! w$d+ c]emony %all
 take place on !  morr[1 &1 = t we are 9

 deep affliction1 x %all be z private  z
 may be4    ,& s on ! next morn+ ! w$d+ 
c]emony took place1 & !  bride & groom  
w5t on _! way to ,france1 :]e           
prep>ations  befitt+ _! rank await$ !m4 
,old ,elsie 0 he>d to obs]ve to ,monica1
 t !re 0 "s s5se 9  mak+ pilgrimages1   
s9ce ?is to ,rome1 :i* %e _h und]tak5 s 
unwill+ly1 _h turn$ out s satisfactory4 
,9 ! reign ( ,julius ,,ii41 ! bani%$    
families :o _h be5 plund]$  by !        
,borgias 7 re/or$ to _! rights & honors 
at ,rome2 &  !re 0 a pr9cess ( ! h\se ( 
,s>elli !n at ,rome1 ^:  sanctity ( life
 & mann]s 0 held to g back to !         
traditions (  primitive ,*ri/ianity1 s t
 %e 0 r5[n$ n less = goodness  ?an =    
rank & beauty4    ,9 ^? days1 too1      
,raphael1 ! fri5d ( ,fr ,b>tolommeo1    
plac$ 9  "o ( ! gr&e/ halls ( !         
,vatican1 among ! ,apo/les & ,sa9ts1  ! 
image ( ! traduc$ & despis$ m>tyr ^:    
a%es _h be5 ca/  to ! w9ds & wat]s 9    
,flor5ce4 ,8 memory l+]$ long 9 ,italy1 
s t x 0 ev5 claim$ t miracles 7 wr\ght 9

 8 "n &  by 8 int]cession4 ,c]ta9 x is1 
t ! liv+ words he spoke 7  se$s (       
immortal fl[]s :i* blossom$ 9 secret    
dells & obscure  %ad[s ( 8 beautiful    
,italy4           99       99       99  
99       99      ,,exodus4              
,he> ye n h[1 f all high po9ts ( ,"t1-- 
,f peak to peak ad[n ! mighty *a9       
,t l9ks ! ages1--e*o+ sublime           
,a ,voice ,almighty1--leaps "o gr&      
refra91      ,wak5+ ! g5]ations ) a %\t1
      ,& trumpet-call ( ?und]1--,come ye
 out6          ,out f old =ms & dead    
idolatries2          ,f fad+ my?s &     
sup]/iti\s dreams2        ,f ,ph>isaic  
rituals & lies1          ,& all !       
bondage ( ! life t seems6      ,out1--on
 ! pilgrim pa?1 ( h]oes trod1      ,ov] 
e>?'s wa/es1 to rea* =? aft] ,god6      
,! ,"l ha? b[$ ,8 heav51 & come d[n6    
,n[1 9 ?is latt] c5tury ( "t1           
,once m ,8 t5t is pit*$ on ,s9ai's cr[n6
          ,once m 9 cl\ds mu/ ,fai? to  
meet ,him climb6    ,once m ,8 ?und]    
cra%es on our d\bt    ,& fe> & s91--,my 

p6 come ye out6        ,f false         
ambitions & base luxuries2        ,f    
puny aims & indol5t self-ends2      ,f  
cant ( fai?1 & %ams ( lib]ties1         
,& mi/ ( ill t ,tru?'s pure daybeam     
b5ds3    ,out1 f all d>kness ( !        
,egypt-l&1    ,into ,my sun-blaze on !  
des]t s&6        ,leave ye y\r          
fle%-pots2 turn f fil?y gre$        ,(  
ga9 t do? ! ?ir/+ _s mock2      ,& heav5
 %all drop sweet manna = y\r ne$1       
,& ra9 cle> riv]s f ! unhewn rock6      
,?us sai? ! ,"l6 ,& ,moses--meek1       
un%od--    ,)9 ! cl\d /&s he>k5+ to 8   
,god6        ,%[ u our ,a>on1 ) 8 rod 9 
fl[]6        ,our ,miriam1 ) h]         
timbrel-s\l 9 tune6      ,& call "s     
,jo%ua1 9 ! ,_s's p[]1        ,to poise 
our sun ( /r5g? at po9t ( noon6    ,god 
( our fa!rs6 ov] s& & sea1    ,/ill keep
 our /ruggl+ foot/eps close to ,!e6     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,!n ,,& ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,old ,,dom9ion4  
,! hi/ory ( ,virg9ia op5s ) a romance4  
,no "o w be surpris$  at ?is1 = x is a  

habit hi/ories h4 ,!re is ,plym\? ,rock1
 =  example2 x w\ld be h>d to f9d any?+ 
m purely romantic ?an  t4 ,well d we    
rememb] ! sad day :5 a fri5d took u to !
  p]fectly flat :>f at ,plym\?1 & recit$
 ,mrs4 ,hemans's humor\s  v]se1--       
,! break+ waves da%$ high1    ,on a /]n 
& rock-b\nd coa/4    ,su*1 !n1 we       
reflect$1 is ,hi/ory6 ,if ,plym\? ,rock 
turns out to  be a my?1 :y may n        
,columbus or ,santa ,claus or ,napoleon1
 or any?+  or anybody8 ,s9ce !n we h be5
 skeptical ab\t hi/ory ev5 :]e  x seems 
mo/ probable2 at times d\bt :e!r ,rip   
,van ,w9kle really  slept tw5ty ye>s )\t
 turn+ ov]2 are annoy$ ) misgiv+s z  to 
:e!r our ,we/]n pione]s ,boone1         
,crockett1 & o!rs1 did keep  be>s 9 _!  
/ables = saddle-horses1 & h>ness        
alligators z we  d ox54 ,s we d\bt$ !   
/ory ( ,john ,smi? & ,pocahontas ) :i*  
,virg9ia op5s4 ,9 "o ?+ we _h already   
caught t ,/ate mak+ a  my?ical /atem5t3 
x 0 nam$ by ,que5 ,elizabe? ,virg9ia 9  
honor (  h] own virg9 /ate1--:i*1 if    

,cobbett is to be believ$1 0 also a     
romance4 ,well1 ,am]ica 0 nam$ aft] a   
pirate1 & ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1  :o     
sugge/$ ! "n ( ! ,virg9 ,que51 0 fond ( 
a joke4    ,b not)/&+ ! suspicion ) :i* 
we ent]$ ^u !  inve/igation1 we are     
conv9c$ t ! romance ( ,pocahontas is    
true4  ,z only a portion ( ! /ory ( ?is 
,indian maid51 ! colonial  angel1 z %e 0
 t]m$ by ! settl]s1 is kn[n1 & t n      
g5]ally ) exactness1 we w reproduce x   
"h4    ,x w be rememb]$ t ,pocahontas1  
:5 ab\t ?irte5 ye>s ( age1  sav$ ! "y   
,engli% capta91 ,john ,smi?1 f ! dea?   
:i* h]  fa!r1 ,p[hatan1 _h resolv$ he   
%\ld suff]4 ,z ! tomahawk 0  ab\t to    
desc5d on 8 head1 ! girl ru%$ =w>d &    
clasp$ t  head 9 h] arms4 ,! /]n he>t ( 
,p[hatan rel5t$1 & he cons5t$  t !      
captive %\ld live to make tomahawks =   
him & beads &  bells = ,pocahontas4     
,aft]w>d ,p[hatan agre$ t ,smi? %\ld    
return  to ,jame/[n1 on condition ( 8   
s5d+ him two guns & a gr9d/one4  ,soon1 
aft] ?is ,jame/[n ) all its /ores 0     

de/roy$ by fire1  & ! coloni/s came ne> 
p]i%+ f cold & hung]4 ,half ( !m  di$2 &
 ! re/ 7 sav$ only by ,pocahontas1 :o   
appe>$ 9 !  mid/ ( _! di/ress1 br++     
bread1 raccoons1 & v5ison4    ,john     
,smi? & 8 companions aft] ?is explor$ a 
l>ge portion ( !  ,/ate1 & a second "t  
came to re/ at ! home ( ,p[hatan & 8    
beautiful daught]4 ,! "n ( ! place 0    
,w][ocomoco4 ,8 visit  ?is "t fell on ! 
eve ( ! coronation ( ,p[hatan4 ,! k+1   
be+ abs5t :5 ,smi? came1 0 s5t =2       
mean:ile ,pocahontas call$  toge!r a    
numb] ( ,indian maid5s to get up a      
dramatic ent]ta9m5t  & ballet = ! h&some
 "y ,engli%man & 8 companions4 ,!y  made
 a fire 9 a level field1 & ,smi? sat on 
a mat be=e x4 ,a  hide\s noise & %riek+ 
7 sudd5ly he>d 9 ! adjo9+ woods4  ,!    
,engli% snat*$ up _! arms1 appreh5d+ f\l
 play4 ,pocahontas  ru%$ =w>d1 & ask$   
,smi? to slay h] r ?an suspect h] (     
p]fidy2 s _! appreh5sions 7 quiet$4 ,!n 
?irty "y ,indian  maid5s issu$ sudd5ly f
 ! wood1 all nak$ except a c9cture (    

gre5 leaves1 _! bodies pa9t$4           
,pocahontas 0 a complete picture (  an  
,indian ,diana3 a quiv] hung on h]      
%\ld]1 & %e held a b[ &  arr[ 9 h] h&2  
%e wore1 also1 on h] head a beautiful   
pair (  buck's horns1 an ott]'s sk9 at  
h] girdle1 & ano!r on h] arm4 ,!  o!r   
nymphs _h antl]s on _! heads & v>i\s    
savage decorations4  ,bur/+ f ! =e/1 !y 
circl$ ar\nd ! fire & ,john ,smi?1  s++ 
& danc+ = an h\r4 ,!y !n disappe>$ into 
! wood z  sudd5ly z !y _h come =?4 ,:5  
!y reappe>$1 x 0 to invite  ,smi? to _! 
habitations1 :]e !y danc$ ar\nd him     
aga91 s++1  ,love y n me8 ,love y n me8 
,!y !n fea/$ him ri*ly1 &1  la/ly1 )    
p9e-knot tor*es light$ him to 8 f9ely   
decorat$  ap>tm5ts4    ,capta9 ,john    
,smi? 01 )\t d\bt1 an imp]ial k9d ( man4
 ,8  p]sonal appe>ance 0 f9e1 8 s5se &  
tact excell5t1 8 mann]s  bo? cordial &  
elegant4 ,!re is no d\bt1 z !re is no   
wond]1 t  ! ,indian maid5 felt "s t5d]  
palpitations on 8 acc\nt4 ,once  aga91  
:51 ow+ to "s misund]/&+1 ,p[hatan _h   

decre$ !  dea? ( all ! :ites1           
,pocahontas sp5t ! :ole pit*-d>k night  
climb+ hills & toil+ ?r\gh pa?less      
?ickets1 to save ,smi? &  8 fri5ds by   
w>n+ !m ( ! imm95t dang]4 ,smi? (f]$ h] 
_m beautiful pres5ts on ?is occasion1   
evid5tly n appreciat+ !  s5tim5t t 0    
animat+ h]4 ,to ?is (f] ( pres5ts %e    
repli$  ) te>s2 & :5 _! acceptance 0    
urg$1 ,smi? himself relates1  t1 ) !    
te>es runn+ d[ne h] *eeks1 %e said %e   
dur/ n  be se5 to h any1 =1 if ,p[hatan 
%\ld "k x1 %e 7 b dead2  & s %e ran away
 by h]self1 z %e came4    ,!re is no    
d\bt :at ! ,muse ( ,hi/ory ought to d   
"h3 7 %e a  dame ( prop] s5sibilities1  
%e w\ld h ,mr4 ,john ,smi? m>ri$ to     
,miss ,p4 ,p[hatan z soon z a p>son c\ld
 be got f ,jame/[n4 ,7  x a romance1 ?is
 w\ld be ! result4 ,z x is1 we f9d ,smi?
 go+  (f to ,engl& 9 two ye>s1 & liv+   
unm>ri$ until 8 dea?2 &  ,pocahontas    
m>ri$ to ! ,engli%man ,john ,rolfe1 =   
reasons ( /ate1  we fe>1--a l9k (       
fri5d%ip betwe5 ! ,r$s & ! ,:ites be+   

?\ght desirable4 ,%e 0 ( c\rse          
,*ri/ianiz$ & baptiz$1 z any  "o may see
 by ,*apman's picture 9 ! ,rotunda at   
,wa%+ton1 unless  ,z\ave criticism has  
demoli%$ x4 ,imm$iately %e w5t ) h]     
husb& to ,engl&4 ,at ,br5t=d1 :]e %e 0  
/ay+14 ,capta9 ,john  ,smi? w5t to visit
 h]4 ,_! meet+ 0 significant & affect+4 
,aft] a mode/ salutation1 )\t utt]+ a   
^w1 %e turn$ away &  hid h] face z if   
displeas$44 ,%e rema9$ ?us motionless = 
two or  ?ree h\rs4 ,:o c "k :at /ruggles
 pass$ ?r\gh ! he>t (  ! ,indian bride  
at ?is mom5t1--emotions d\bly unutt]able
 to ?is  untaught /rang]8 ,x seems t %e 
_h be5 deceiv$ by ,rolfe & 8  fri5ds    
into ?9k+ t ,smi? 0 dead1 "u !          
conviction t %e  c\ld n be induc$ to    
m>ry him1 if %e ?\ght ,smi? alive4 ,aft]
  h] long1 sad sil5ce1 be=e m5tion$1 %e 
came =w>d to ,smi? &  t\*+ly rem9d$ him1
 !re 9 ! pres5ce ( h] husb& & a  l>ge   
company1 ( ! k9dness %e _h %[n him 9 h] 
own c\ntry1  say+1 ,y did promise       
,p[hatan :at 0 y\rs %\ld be 81 & he  ! l

 to y2 y call$ him ',fa!r1' be+ 9 8 l& a
 /rang]1  & = ! same reason s ,i mu/    
call y4 ,aft] a pause1 dur+ :i*  %e     
seem$ to be "u ! influ5ce ( /rong       
emotion1 %e said1 ,i  w call y ,fa!r1 & 
y %all call me ,*ild1 & s ,i w be  =ev] 
& ev] y\r c\ntrywoman4 ,!n %e add$1     
sl[ly & )  emphasis1 ,!y did tell u     
always y 7 dead1 & ,i knew no o!r  till 
,i came to ,plimo?2 yet ,p[hatan did    
comm& ,uttamattomak9 to seeke  y & "k ! 
tru?1 because y\r c\ntrym5 w lie mu*4 ,x
 0  n long aft] ?is int]view t          
,pocahontas di$3 %e nev] return$  to    
,virg9ia4 ,h] dea? occurr$ 9 #afag4 ,!  
issue ( h] m>riage 0  "o *ild1 ,?omas   
,rolfe2 s x is ?r\gh him t ! ,fir/      
,families (  ,virg9ia are s inv>iably   
desc5d$ f ! ,indian ,pr9cess4 ,capta9   
,smi? liv$ until #afca1 &1 z we h said1 
nev] m>ri$4 ,he 0 a  noble & true man1 &
 ,pocahontas 0 e way wor?y to be 8 wife2
  & "o feels v ill-natur$ at ,rolfe &   
,company = ! cruel  deception :i*1 we   
mu/ believe1 0 all t kept !m asund]1 &  

gave to ! /ory ( ! lovely maid5 its     
almo/ tragic close4    ,"o c sc>cely    
imag9e a f9] device = ,virg9ia to h     
adopt$  ?an t ( ! ,indian maid5 protect+
 ! :ite man f !  tomahawk4 ,b1 alas6 ) !
 dep>ture ( ,smi? ! s\l seems to h  left
 ! ,colony4 ,! beautiful l&s became a   
prey to ! worn-out  ,engli% g5try1 :o   
sp5t _! "t *eat+ ! simple-he>t$ r$  m54 
,^! call$ !mselves g5tlem51 because !y  
c\ld d no?+4  ,9 a classification (     
sev5ty-eight p]sons at ,jame/[n we are  
in=m$ t !re 7 f\r c>p5t]s1 twelve       
labor]s1 "o  blacksmi?1 "o bricklay]1 "o
 sailor1 "o b>b]1 "o mason1 "o  tailor1 
"o drumm]1 "o *irurgeon1 & fifty-f\r    
g5tlem54 ,to ?is  day !re seems to be a 
l>ge numb] 9 t vic9ity :o h no o!r      
occupation ?an t ( be+ g5tlem51 & x is  
evid5tly 9 _m  cases j z mu* z !y c d4  
,:5 ,pocahontas di$1 ! la/ l9k 0 brok5  
betwe5 ! ,indian &  ! settl]4 ,unprovok$
 w>s ( ext]m9ation 7 begun to dispossess
  ^! *ildr5 ( ,nature ( ! v brea/s ( _! 
"m1 :i* _h  su/a9$ !m s long & s        

peacefully4 ,= a c5tury ! ,indian's  "n 
= ,virg9ian 0 ,longknife4 ,! v          
mission>ies robb$ him  ) "o h& :il/     
baptiz+ him ) ! o!r4 ,"o /ory conc]n+  !
 mission>ies /rikes u z suffici5tly     
*>act]i/ic ( ! wit  ( ! ,indian & !     
temp] ( ! p]iod to be pres]v$4 ,!re 0 a 
bran* ( ! ,catawbas on ! ,potomac1 9 :i*
 riv] are to be f\nd  ! be/ %ad 9 ! _w4 
,! mission>ies :o settl$ among  ?is     
tribe taught !m t x w\ld be a good      
inve/m5t 9 _!  s\l-assurance to cat*    
l>ge quantities ( ! %ad = !m1 !         
mission>ies4 ,! ,indians e>ne/ly set    
!mselves to ! "w2 _!  rev]5d tea*]s tak+
 ! fi% & s5d+ !m (f secretly to  v>i\s  
settlem5ts 9 ,virg9ia & ,m>yl&1 & mak+  
!reby  l>ge sums ( money4 ,! ,indians   
work$ on = sev]al mon?s )\t  receiv+ any
 comp5sation1 & ! mission>ies 7 gett+   
ri*] &  ri*]1--:5 by "s means ! r$ m5   
discov]$ ! trick1 & r\t$  ! holy m5 f _!
 neighborhood4 ,_m ye>s aft]w>d !       
,ca?olics  made an ef=t to e/abli% a    
mission ) ?is same tribe4 ,!  prie/ :o  

fir/ address$ !m took z 8 text1 ,ho1 e  
"o t  ?ir/e?1 come ye to ! wat]s1--& w5t
 on 9 figurative /yle to  describe !    
wat]s ( life4 ,:5 ! s]mon 0 end$1 !     
,indians held  a c\ncil to consid] :at  
!y _h j he>d1 & f9ally s5t ?ree  ( _!   
numb] to ! mission>ies1 :o said1 ,:ite  
m51 y speak 9  f9e words ( ! wat]s (    
life2 b be=e we decide on :at we h      
he>d1 we wi% to "k :e!r any %ad swim 9  
^? wat]s4    ,x is v c]ta9 t            
,*ri/ianity1 z illu/rat$ by !           
,virg9ians1  did n make a good          
impression on ^! savages4 ,!y 7 always  
will+ to comp>e _! own religion ) t ( ! 
:ites1 &  g5]ally reg>d$ ! contra/ z 9  
_! favor4 ,"o ( !m said to  ,colonel    
,b>nett1 ! commission] to run !         
b\nd>y-l9e ( l&s  c$$ by ! ,indians1 ,z 
to religion1 y g to y\r *ur*es1 s+  l\d1
 pray l\d1 & make great noise4 ,! r$ p  
meet once a ye>  at ! fea/ ( ,new ,corn1
 ext+ui% all _! fires & k9dle up a  new 
"o1 ! smoke ( :i* asc5ds to ! ,great ,_s
 z a grateful  inc5se & sacrifice4 ,n[  

:at bett] is y\r religion ?an ours8 ,"o 
( ! *iefs1 x is said1 receiv$ an        
,episcopal div9e :o wi%$ to  indoctr9ate
 him into ! my/]y ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,!       
,indian1 :o 0  a model ( deportm5t1 he>d
 8 argum5t2 & !n1 :5 he 0  ?r\gh1 began 
9 turn to indoctr9ate ! div9e 9 8 fai?1 
speak+ ( ! ,great ,_s1 ^: voice 0 !     
?und]1 ^: eye 0  ! sun4 ,! cl]gyman     
int]rupt$ him r rudely1 say+1 ,b  t is n
 true1--t is all hea!n tra%6 ,! *ief    
turn$ to 8  companions & said gravely1  
,?is is ! mo/ impolite man ,i h ev]     
met2 he has j decl>$ t he has ?ree gods1
 & n[ w n let  me h "o6    ,! valley (  
,virg9ia1 its ,el ,dorado 9 e s5se1 _h a
 diff]5t  settlem5t1 & by a diff]5t p4  
,!y 71 = ! mo/ "p1  ,g]mans1 ( ! same   
class ) ^? t settl$ 9 ! great valleys  (
 ,p5nsylvania1 & :o h made s l>ge a     
portion ( t ,/ate into  a ri* +ra9-c>pet
 ( cultivation ^u a floor ( lime/one4   
,"o day  ! hi/ory ( ! ,g]mans (         
,p5nsylvania & ,virg9ia w be writt51  & 
x w be full ( int]e/ & value4 ,!y 7 !   

fir/ /rong  s9ews /rung 9 ! indu/rial   
arm ( ! ,colonies to :i* !y came2  &    
al?\gh m+l$ ) ne>ly e ,european race1 !y
 rema9 to  ?is day a di/9ct p4 ,a       
p>tition-wall r>ely brok5 d[n has       
always inclos$ !m1 & to ?is1 p]haps1 is 
due t sl[ness (  progress :i* m>ks !m4  
,! re/less ambition ( ,le ,gr& ,mon>que 
& ! cruelties ( ,tur5ne conv]t$ !       
beautiful valley ( ! ,rh9e  into a smok+
 des]t1 & ! wret*$ peasantry ( !        
,palat9ate fl$  f _! desolat$ firesides 
to seek a m hospitable home 9 !  =e/s ( 
,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 & !nce1      
some:at lat]1  f\nd _! way into         
,virg9ia4 ,! exodus ( ! ,puritans has _h
 m  celebrity1 b 0 sc>cely att5d$ ) m   
h>d%ip & h]oism4 ,!  great] "p ( !      
,g]man exiles l&$ 9 ,am]ica /ripp$ ( _! 
all4 ,!y came to ! =e/s ( ! ,susquehanna
 & ! ,%5&oah  arm$ only ) ! woodman's   
axe4 ,!y 7 ignorant & sup]/iti\s1  &    
br\ght ) !m ! leg5ds ( _! fa!rl&4 ,!    
spirits  ( ! ,h>tz ,m\nta9s & ! g5ii ( !
 ,black ,=e/1 :i*  ,*ri/ianity _h n be5 

able entirely to exorcise1 7 transf]r$  
to  ! wild m\nta9s & d>k cav]ns ( ! ,old
 ,dom9ion1 & ! same  une>?ly visitants  
:i* haunt$ ! old ca/les ( ! ,rh9e       
cont9u$  _! gambols 9 "s des]t$ cab9 on 
! banks ( ! ,%]&ah 7z  ! ,%5&oah 0 !n   
call$74 ,s9ce ^! m5 left _! fa!rl&1  a  
great ,lit]ature & ,philosophy h brea!d 
l a tropic ^u t  l&1 & ! sup]/itions h  
be5 wr\ght into poetry & ?\ght2  b t raw
 mat]ial ( leg5d :i* 9 ,g]many has be5  
wov5 into  f9e/ tissues on ! bra9-looms 
( ,wiel&1 ,tieck1 ,s*ill]1 &  ,goe!1 has
 rema9$ raw mat]ial 9 ! great valley t  
/ret*es  f ,new ,york to ,upp] ,alabama4
 ,:ole communities are f\nd :i* 9       
mann]s & cu/oms are mu* ! same ) _!     
ance/ors :o cross$  ! ocean4 ,! horse%oe
 is /ill nail$ above ! door z a         
protection  aga9/ ! tr\blesome spook1 & 
! black art is /ill practis$4  ,r\gh 9  
_! mann]s1 & pla9 9 _! appe>ance1 !y yet
 conceal  "u ?is ext]ior a w>m          
hospitality1 & ! /rang] w mu*  soon] be 
turn$ away f ! door ( ! *ivalry ?an f t 

(  ! ,g]man f>m]4 ,seat$ by 8 blaz+     
fire1 ) pl5ty ( apples &  h>d cid]1 !   
,dut*man ( ! ,kana:a enjoys 8 condition 
) gu/o1  & is cont5t$ ) ! limitations ( 
8 f5ce4 ,we h se5 "o  )9 two miles ( !  
great ,natural ,bridge :o c\ld n direct 
u to  t celebrat$ curiosity2 8 wife     
rem>k+1 t a great _m p  pass$ t way to !
 hills1 b = :at %e c\ld n see3 = h]  "p1
 give h] a level c\ntry4    ,! fir/     
,g]man settl] :o came to ,virg9ia 0 "o  
,jacob ,/ov]1 :o  w5t !re f             
,p5nsylvania1 & obta9$ a grant ( five   
?\s&  acres ( l& on ! ,%5&oah4 ,/ov] 0 v
 %rewd1 & does n at  all ju/ify ! "* we 
h ascrib$ to 8 race3 !re is a /ory  t   
ca/s a suspicion on 8 prop] ,teutonism4 
,! /ory runs1 t1  on 8 application to ! 
colonial gov]nor ( ,virg9ia = a grant ( 
l&1 he 0 refus$1 unless he c\ld give    
satisfactory assurance t  he w\ld h ! l&
 settl$ ) ! requir$ numb] ( families  )9
 a giv5 "t4 ,be+ unable to d ?is1 he w5t
 ov] to ,engl&1  & petition$ ! ,k+      
himself to direct ! issu+ ( 8 grant2 &  

9 ord] to insure success1 _h giv5 human 
names to e horse1 c[1  hog1 & dog he    
own$1 & :i* he repres5t$ z heads (      
families1  ready to settle ! l&4 ,8     
,maje/y1 ignorant t ! ,williams1        
,georges1 & ,susans seek+ royal         
consid]ation 7 "s squeak+  9 pig-p5s1   
o!rs bray+ 9 ! luxuriant mead[s = :i* !y
  petition$1 issu$ ! huge grant2 &      
to-day !re is s]i\s reason  to suppose t
 _m ( ! weal?ie/ & olde/ families ar\nd 
,w9*e/] are enjoy+ _! l&s by virtue (   
titles giv5 to  ance/ral flocks & h]ds4 
,! condition ( ,virg9ia = ! p]iod       
imm$iately prec$+ !  ,revolution 0 "o   
:i* well m]its ! consid]ation (         
political  philosoph]s4 ,= _m ye>s !    
ext5t ( ! t]ritory ( ! ,old  ,dom9ion 0 
undecid$1 no l9es be+ fix$ betwe5 t     
,/ate & ,ohio  & ,p5nsylvania4 ,virg9ia 
claim$ a l>ge "p ( bo? ^! ,/ates  z h]s2
 &1 inde$1 !re seems to be 9 t ,/ate an 
h]$it>y  unconsci\sness ( ! limits ( h] 
dom9ion4 ,! "q (  jurisdiction sup]s$$ e
 o!r = ! "t1 & ! =mal  adm9i/ration ( ! 

law itself ceas$4 ,!re is a p]iod la/+  
?r\gh a :ole g5]ation 9 :i* society 9 ! 
we/]n "p ( !  ,/ate w5t on )\t c\rts or 
au?orities4 ,!re 0 no c\rt b (  public  
op9ion1 no adm9i/ration b ( ! mob4      
,judges 7 erm9$  & juries impanell$ by !
 community :5 occasion dem&$4  ,k]*eval1
 :o grew f t vic9ity & /ate ( ?+s1 & ^: 
au?ority is excell5t1 says1--,!y _h no  
civil1 milit>y1 or  ecclesia/ical       
laws1--at lea/1 none 7 en=c$2 yet we    
look 9 va9  = any p]iod1 be=e or s9ce1  
:5 prop]ty1 life1 & morals 7  any bett] 
protect$4 ,a /atem5t wor? pond]+ by ^?  
:o tell  u t man is n\ght1 gov]nm5t all4
 ,! tongue-lyn*+s & o!r  puni%m5ts      
inflict$ by ! community ^u evil-do]s 7  
adapt$ to  ! re=mation ( ! culprit or 8 
bani%m5t f ! community4 ,!  puni%m5t =  
idl5ess1 ly+1 di%one/y1 & ill-fame      
g5]ally1 0  t ( hat+ ! (f5d] out1 z !y  
express$ x4 ,?is 0 ab\t  equival5t to ! 
,greek3 atimia among ! ,greeks4 ,x 0 a  
public  expression1 9 v>i\s ways1 ( !   
g5]al indignation aga9/ any             

transgressor1 & commonly result$ ei!r 9 
! pr(\nd rep5tance or  ! volunt>y exile 
( ! p]son aga9/ :om x 0 direct$3 x 0    
g5]ally ! fix+ ( any epi!t :i* 0        
proclaim$ by ea* tongue  :5 ! s9n]      
appe>$1--e4g41 ,f\ltongue1 ,lawr5ce1    
,snakefang4  ,! "n ( ,extra-,billy ,smi?
 is a q rec5t case ( ?is  tongue-lyn*+4 
,x 0 9 ^! days ( no laws1 h[ev]1 t !    
practice ( duell+ 0 import$ into        
,virg9ia4 ,) ?is exception1  ! ,/ate c  
trace no evil results to ! p]iod :5     
society 0  resolv$ into its simple/     
elem5ts4 ,inde$1 x 0 at ?is "t  t !re   
began to appe> !re signs ( a /urdy &    
noble race (  ,am]icaniz$ ,engli%m54 ,! 
av]age size ( ! ,european ,engli%man 0  
surpass$4 ,a woman 0 equal to an        
,indian4 ,a "y ,virg9ian "o day  kill$ a
 buffalo on ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s1      
/ret*$ its sk9 ov]  ribs ( wood1 & on ! 
boat s made sail$ ! full l5g? ( ! ,ohio 
& ,mississippi ,riv]s4 ,b ?is developm5t
 0 *eck$ by ! influx  ( ,engli% g5try1  
:o br\ght laws & fa%ions f ,london4 ,!  

old  books are full ( ! conflicts :i* ^!
 fa/idi\s g5tlem5 &  ladies _h ) ! rude 
pione] cu/oms & laws4 ,! f9e ladies f\nd
  t !re 0 an old /atute ( ! ,colony :i* 
read1--,x %all be  p]mitt$ to none b !  
,c\ncil & ,heads ( ,hundr$s to we> gold 
9 _! clo!s1 or to we> silk till !y make 
x !mselves4 ,:at1  !n1 c\ld ,miss       
,s(td[n d ) ! silks & brea/p9s br\ght f 
,london8 ,let h] we> de]-sk9 &          
arr[-head1 said ! natives4 ,b  ,miss    
,s(td[n soon _h h] way4 ,/ill m 7 ^! new
 families  %ock$1 :51 on r++ = "s newly 
pur*as$ negro dome/ic1 !  said negro    
came into ! p>lor ne>ly nak$4 ,!n began 
"o ( ! mo/  ext5d$ controv]sies 9 !     
hi/ory ( ,virg9ia1--! "q be+1  :e!r     
out-door negroes %\ld we> clo!s1 &      
dome/ics dress l  o!r p4 ,! popul>      
belief1 9 :i* x seems ! negroes %>$1  01
 t ! race w\ld p]i%1 if subject$ to     
clo?+ ! ye>  r\nd4 ,! cu/om ( negro m5  
go+ ab\t 9 puris naturalibus  prevail$  
to a mu* m rec5t p]iod ?an is g5]ally   
suppos$4    ,"o by "o1 ! b>b>isms ( ,old

 ,virg9ia 7 eradicat$1 & !  dang] 0 !n t
 effem9acy w\ld succe$2 b a bett] class 
(  families began to come f ,engl&1 n[ t
 ! ,colony 0 some:at  prep>$ = !m4 ,^!  
aim$ to make ,virg9ia repeat ,engl&3 x  
might  h repeat$ some?+ worse1 & 9 ! end
 has4 ,ab\t "o or two old  mansions 9   
,m>yl& & ,virg9ia ! long silv]y grass   
*>act]i/ic  ( ! ,engli% p>k is yet f\nd3
 ! se$ 0 c>efully br\ght f  ,engl& by ^?
 g5tlem5 :o came "u ,raleigh's          
adm9i/ration1  & :o reg>d$ _! resid5ce 9
 ^! ,colonies z patriotic               
self-devotion4 ,on "o occasion1 ! writ]1
 walk+ ?r\gh "o (  ^! fields1 />tl$ an  
,engli% l>k1 :i* rose s++ & so>+        
skyw>d4 ,x sang a !me ( ! old5 "t4      
,gov]nor ,spottswood br\ght  ) him1 :5  
he came1 a numb] ( ^! l>ks1 & made      
/r5u\s  ef=ts to dome/icate !m 9 !      
neighborhood ( ,fr$]icksburg1  ,virg9ia4
 ,he did n succe$4 ,n[ & !n we h he>d ( 
"o's be+  se51 companionless4 ,x is a   
sad symbol ( t nobl] be+ :o tri$  to    
dome/icate himself 9 ,virg9ia1 ! f9e old

 ,engli% g5tleman4 ,he  is n[ se5 b     
little (t5] ?an ! silv] grass & ! l>k   
:i*  he br\ght ) him4 ,b let no "o ?9k1 
:il/ ridicul+ ^? :o  c n[ only hide _!  
poor /ature "u ! lion-sk9 (             
,f-,f-,v-ism1  t ! race ( old ,virg9ia  
g5tlem5 is a my?ic race4 ,?r\gh  ! fair 
slopes ( ,ea/]n ,virg9ia we h w&]$ &    
c\nt$ !  epitaphs ( z pr9cely m5 & wom5 
z ev] trod ?is cont95t4  ,yond] is !    
isl&1 float+ on ! cry/al ,rappahannock1 
:i*1  in/ead (1 z n[1 mask+ ! guns :i*  
aim at ,fre$om's he>t1  once bore       
witness to ! noble ,spottswood's ef=t to
 realize = !  work+-man a ,utopia 9 !   
,new ,_w4 ,yond] is ! h\se1 on ! same   
riv]1 fr[n+ n[ ) ! cannon :i* def5d !   
slave-%amble1 7=  ! ,ri*mond railroad   
passes on its v]ge17 :]e ,wa%+ton 0 re>$
  to love ju/ice & honor2 & ov] to ! "r 
its por* comm&s  a m>ble %aft on :i* is 
writt51 ,"h lies ,m>y1 ! ,"m (          
,wa%+ton4 ,a little l[] is ! spot :]e   
,john ,smi? gave ! "r  h& to !          
ambassadors ( ,k+ ,p[hatan4 ,9 t old    

c\rt-h\se !  voice ( ,patrick ,h5ry     
?und]$ = ,lib]ty & ,union4 ,"t 0 :5  !  
brave m5 on ^: he>ts re/$ ! de/9ies ( ! 
,new ,_w made  ?is ! c5tre ( activity & 
rule ^u ! cont95t2 !y liv$ &  act$ "h z 
,anglo-,saxon blood %\ld live & act1    
:]ev] x be>s  its rightful sceptre2 b n[
 "o walks "h z ?r\gh ! spl5did  ru9s (  
"s buri$ ,n9eveh1 & em]ges to f9d ! v   
sunlight sad1  z x reveals ^? :o g>ni% !
 sepul*res ( _! ance/ors )  "o h&1 :il/ 
) ! o!r !y /one & de/roy ! fre$om &     
in/itutions :i* _! fa!rs liv$ to build &
 di$ to def5d4    ,& ?is1 alas6 is !    
fir/ black l9e 9 ! sket* ( ,virg9ia z  x
 n[ is4 ,! true preface to ! pres5t     
edition ( ,virg9ia1 :i*1  unhappily1 has
 be5 = _m ye>s /]eotyp$1 may be f\nd 9 a
 s+le  entry ( ,capta9 ,john ,smi?'s    
j\rnal3--    ,augu/1 #afai4 ,a ,dut*    
man-(-w> visit$ ,jame/[n & sold !       
settl]s tw5ty negroes1 ! fir/ t h ev]   
t\*$ ! soil (  ,virg9ia4    ,!y h       
sc>cely made x sacr$ soil4 ,a little    
entry x is1 ( :at  seem$ !n1 p]haps1 an 

unimportant ev5t1--b h[ pregnant )      
evil6    ,! v ye> 9 :i* t ,dut* %ip     
arriv$ ) its freight (  slaves at       
,jame/[n1 ! ,mayfl[] sail$ ) its freight
 ( freem5  = ,plym\?4    ,let u pause a 
mom5t & consid] ! prospects &           
opportunities :i*  op5$ be=e ! two b&s (
 pilgrim4 ,h[ h>d & bleak 7 !  %ores t  
receiv$ ! ,mayfl[] pilgrims6 ,w9t] seem$
 ! only  season ( ! l& to :i* !y _h     
come2 :5 ! sn[ disappe>$1 x  0 only to  
reveal a l&scape ( s& & rock4 ,to h soil
 !y mu/  pulv]ize rock4 ,nature said to 
^! exiles f a ri* soil1 ) h]  /]ne/     
voice1--,"h is no /ream+ brea/3 s& ) no 
gold m9$3  all ! weal? y get mu/ be m9$ 
f y\r own he>ts & co9$ by  y\r own "r   
h&s6    ,h[ diff]5t 0 x 9 ,virg9ia6 ,old
 ,john ,rolfe1 ! husb& (  ,pocahontas1  
writ+ to ! ,k+ 9 #afaf1 said1--,virg9ia 
is ! same z  x 01 ,i meane = ! goodness 
( ! scate1 & ! f]til5esse (  ! l&1 & w1 
no d\bt1 s cont9ue to ! worlds end1--a  
c\ntrey  z wor?y ( good report z c be   
decl>$ by ! p5 ( ! be/  writ]2 a c\ntrey

 spaci\s & wide1 capable ( _m hundr$    
?\s&s  ( inhabitants4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 
m9d t ,rolfe's idea ( an  inhabitant's  
ne$s 0 t he %\ld own a c\nty or two to  
beg9 )1  :i* w acc\nt = 8 mod]ate       
e/imate ( ! numb] t c\ld be  accommodat$
 ^u a hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,he      
cont9ues1--,=  ! soil1 mo/ f]tile to    
plant 92 = ayre1 fre% & temp]ate1       
some:at hott] 9 summ]1 & n altoge!r s   
cold 9 w9t] z 9  ,engl&1 yet s agreable 
is x to our con/itutions t n[ 't is m   
r>e to he> ( a man's dea? ?an 9 ,engl&2 
= wat]1 mo/ :olesome  & v]ie pl5tifull2 
& = fayre navigable riv]s & good h>bors1
  no c\ntrey 9 ,*ri/5dom1 9 s small a   
circuite1 is s well /or$4  ,any "o :o   
has pass$ ?r\gh ! ,/ate1 or paid any    
att5tion to its  res\rces1 may g f>     
beyond ! old settl]'s /atem5t4 ,virg9ia 
is a  ,/ate comb9+1 z 9 "s div9ely      
plann$ g>d51 e v>iety (  soil kn[n on   
e>?1 re/+ "u a sky t ,italy alone c     
mat*1  ) a ,valley anticipat+ 9 vigor ! 
loam ( ! prairies3 up to t  ,valley &   

,pi$mont /ret* ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate navigable
 riv]s1 l  f+]s ( ! ,ocean-h&1 ready to 
be> to all m>ts ! produce (  ! soil1 !  
sup]b ve9 ( gold1 & ! iron :i*1 unlock$ 
f  m\nta9-b>ri]s1 c\ld defy competition4
 ,b 9 h] ca/le ,virg9ia is  /ill1 a     
sleep+ beauty await+ ! h]o ^: kiss %all 
recall h]  to life4 ,comp>+ :at free    
labor has done = ! granite rock call$   
,massa*usetts1 & :at slave labor has    
done = ! en*ant$ g>d5  call$ ,virg9ia1  
"o w\ld say1 t1 ?\gh ! ,dut* %ip t      
br\ght  to our %ores ! ,norway rat 0    
bad1 & t :i* br\ght ! ,hessian  fly 0   
worse1 ! mo/ fatal %ip t ev] ca/ an*or 9
 ,am]ican  wat]s 0 t :i* br\ght ! fir/  
tw5ty negroes to ! settl]s  ( ,jame/[n4 
,l ! ,indian 9 h] own aborig9al leg5d1  
on :om a  spell 0 ca/ :i* kept ! ra9 f  
fall+ on him & ! sun f  %9+ on him1     
,virg9ia receiv$ f t ,dut* %ip a curse  
:i*  *a9$ back ! bless+s :i* h]         
magnific5t res\rces w\ld h  ra9$ ^u h]1 
& ! sun ( k %9+ ev]y:]e has left  h]    
to-day m ?an eighty ?\s& :ite adults :o 

_c read or  write4    ,x 0 at an e>ly   
p]iod z manife/ z n[ t a slave          
population  impli$ & r5d]$ necess>y a   
l>ge poor-:ite population4 ,& :il/  !   
pilgrims ( ,plym\? inaugurat$ !         
free-s*ool sy/em 9 _!  fir/ organic law1
 :i* n[ r5d]s x impossible = "o sane    
p]son  born 9 _! l& to be unable to read
 & write1 ,virg9ia 0 boa/+  ) ,"l       
,d\glas 9 ,m>mion1      ,?anks to ,sa9t 
,bo?an1 son ( m9e    ,c\ld nev] p5 a    
writt5 l9e4    ,sir ,william ,b]keley1  
,gov]nor ( ,virg9ia = ?irty-six ye>s1   
beg9n+ ) #afda1 wrote to ! ,k+ z        
foll[s3--,i ?ank ,god1 !re  are no free 
s*ools nor pr9t+1 & ,i hope we %all n h 
^!  hundr$ ye>s2 = le>n+ has br\ght     
disob$i5ce & h]esy &  sects into ! _w1 &
 pr9t+ has divulg$ !m1 & libels ^u  !   
be/ gov]nm5ts4 ,god keep u f bo?6 ,mo/  
fe>fully has !  pray] be5 answ]$4 ,9    
,b]keley's track ne>ly all ! succe$+    
ones  w5t on4 ,h5ry ,a4 ,wise boa/$ 9   
,congress t no newspap] 0 pr9t$  9 8    
di/rict1 & he soon became gov]nor4    ,x

 gives b a poor description ( !         
poor-:ite tra% to say t  !y _c read4 ,! 
v slaves _c endure to be class$ on _!   
level4 ,!y are inconceivably wret*$ &   
degrad$4 ,= e ri*  slave-own] !re are "s
 eight or t5 families ( ^! mis]able     
t5ants4 ,bo? sexes are almo/ always     
drunk4    ,!re is no bett] man ?an !    
,anglo-,saxon man :o labors2 !re is no  
worse animal ?an ! same man :5 br$ to   
habits ( idl5ess4 ,:5  ,watts wrote1    
,satan f9ds "s mis*ief /ill    ,= idle  
h&s to d1    he wrote :at is mu* tru] ( 
8 own race ?an ( any o!r4 ,?is  law has 
be5 ! ,nemesis ( ! "y ,virg9ian4 ,8     
desc5t dem&s  excitem5t & activity2 &   
unless he becomes emasculat$ into a     
clay-eat]1 he obta9s ! excitem5t t 8    
ance/ors got 9 w>1 &  ! ,new-,engl&]    
gets 9 "w1 9 gam+1 horse-rac+1 & all    
mann]  ( dissipation4 ,8 life v]ifies ! 
prov]b1 t ! idle bra9 is  ! ,devil's    
work%op4 ,he is tra9$ to despise labor1 
= x puts him on  a level ) 8 fa!r's     
slaves4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,virg9ia "o  

may  see ! ext5t ( demoralization to :i*
 eight g5]ations ( idl5ess  c br+       
,engli% blood4 ,!re ! spree1 ! riot1 &  
we might almo/  say ! duel1 are normal4 
,ab\t five ye>s ago we sp5t "s "t  at   
,*>lottesville4 ,! ev5+ ( our arrival 0 
! occasion (  witness+ "s ( ! ways ( !  
/ud5ts4 ,a hundr$ or m ( !m  ) black5$  
or mask$ faces 7 ru%+ ab\t ! college    
y>d2 a  l>ge fire 0 burn+ ar\nd a /ake1 
^u :i* 0 ! effigy ( a  woman4 ,a        
g5tleman connect$ ) ! ,univ]sity1 ) :om 
we 7  walk+1 in=m$ u t ! special        
occasion ( ?is affair 01 t  a ne>       
relative ( ,mrs4 ,/[e's1 a si/]1 p]haps1
 _h t day arriv$  to visit h] relative1 
,mrs4 ,mc,guffey4 ,! effigy ( ,mrs4 ,/[e
 0  burn$ = h] b5efit4 ,! lady & h]     
fri5ds 7 v mu* al>m$1  & left on ! e>ly 
tra9 next morn+1 )\t complet+ _!  visit4
    ,!y w close up by all gett+         
dead-drunk1 said our fri5d1 !           
,pr(essor4    ,b1 we ask$1 :y does n !  
faculty at once int]f]e 9 ?is           
disgraceful proc$ure8    ,!y h got u    

lately1 he repli$1 :]e we are p[]less4  
,:5ev]  !y wi% a spree1 !y tackle x on  
to ! slav]y "q1 & "k  t _! p>5ts w p>don
 ev]y?+ to ! _s ( ! ,s\?  :5 x is burn+ 
! effigy ( ,mrs4 ,/[e or ,*>les ,sumn]1 
or !  la/ p]son :o furni%es a *ance = a 
spree4 ,to arre/ !m ends only  9 ca/+   
suspicion ( uns\ndness on ! pr(essor :o 
does x4    ,virg9ia has _h1 = ^! same   
causes1 no religi\s developm5t  :atev]4 
,! p sp5d f\r-&-a-half fif?s ( _! "t    
argu+  ab\t politics &                  
religion1--que/ions ( ! latt] be+ *iefly
 z  to ! be/ me?od ( be+ baptiz$1 or    
:e!r sudd5 conv]sions are  ! safe/1--b  
!y nev] take a /ep =w>d 9 ei!r4         
,ar*bi%op  ,purcell1 ( ,c9c9nati1 /at$  
to u1 t1 once be+ 9 ,ri*mond1  he       
resolv$ to give a little religi\s       
exploration to ! surr\nd+  c\ntry4 ,ab\t
 sev5 miles out f ! city he saw a man   
ly+  d[n1--! ,virg9ian's natural        
po/ure1--& approa*+1 he made  v>i\s     
inquiries1 & receiv$ lazy ,yes & ,no    
replies4 ,pres5tly he  inquir$ to :at   

*ur*es ! p 9 t vic9ity usually w5t4     
,well1 n mu* to any4    ,:at are _!     
religi\s views8    ,well1 n mu* ( any4  
,well1 my fri5d1 may ,i inquire :at are 
y\r op9ions on religi\s  subjects8    ,!
 man1 yet recl9+1 said ! ,ar*bi%op1     
look$ at me sleepily a  mom5t1 &        
repli$1--    ',my op9ion is t !m z made 
me w take c>e ( me4'    ,! ,ar*bi%op    
came (f disc\rag$2 b we assur$ him t !  
man  0 f> ahead ( _m specim5s we _h met4
 ,we nev] see an opossum 9  ,virg9ia--a 
fossil animal 9 mo/ o!r places--b x     
seems ! sign  ( ! moral /ratification   
ar\nd4 ,!re are _m v>ieties (  opossum 9
 ,virg9ia1--political & religi\s3       
,saturn1 :o dev\rs 8  (fspr+1 has n come
 to ,virg9ia yet4    ,old =mulas h1     
d\btless1 to a great ext5t1 lo/ _! p[]  
!re  also1 b !re is n vitality en\gh to 
create a high] =m4 ,= no  new *ur* c ev]
 be any:]e inaugurat$ 9 ?is _w until !  
p]iod has come :5 its *ief corn]-/one c 
be ,humanity4 ,till !n  ! old cre$s 9   
,virg9ia mu/ w&] l gho/s1 haunt+ ! old  

ru9s :i* _! once exquisite *ur*es h     
become4 ,no?+ c be  m picturesque1 no?+ 
m sad1 ?an ^! old *ur*es1--e  brick 9 !m
 import$ f ,old ,engl&1 e pray] f ! pa/ 
_w & its pa/ ne$3 ! high & wide pews :]e
 ! ri* sat  lift$ "s feet above ! seats 
( ! poor repres5t /ill ! fai?  9 a ,god 
:o subjects ! weak to ! /rong4 ,^! old  
*ur*es1 r>ely  rebuilt1 are ready n[ to 
become rocks imb$d+ fossil cre$s4 ,9 ^! 
old aisles "o walks1 & ! snake glides   
away on ! pavem5t1 & !  bat flutt]s 9 ! 
high pulpit1 :il/ moss & ivy t5d]ly     
en%r\d  ! lonely walls2 & ov] all is    
writt5 ! ^w ,,desolation4 ,symbol x  is 
( ! desolation :i* caus$ x1 ev5 !       
trampl$ fanes & alt>s  ( ! human s\l1--!
 temple ( ,god1 ^: pr(anation ! *ur* has
  suff]$ to g on unrebuk$1 till n[ bo?  
mu/ crumble into ! same  grave4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,,am]ican ,,civilization4      ,a c]ta9 
degree ( progress f ! rude/ /ate 9 :i*  
man is  f\nd1--a dwell] 9 caves1 or on  
trees1 l an ape1 a cannibal1 an  eat] ( 

p\nd$ snails1 worms1 & (fal1--a c]ta9   
degree ( progress  f ?is extreme is     
call$ ,civilization4 ,x is a vague1     
complex "n1  ( _m degrees4 ,nobody has  
attempt$ a def9ition4 ,mr4 ,guizot1     
writ+  a book on ! subject1 does n4 ,x  
implies ! evolution ( a highly  organiz$
 man1 br\ght to supreme delicacy (      
s5tim5t1 z 9 practical  p[]1 religion1  
lib]ty1 s5se ( honor1 & ta/e4 ,9 !      
hesitation  to def9e :at x is1 we       
usually sugge/ x by negations4 ,a nation
 t  has no clo?+1 no alphabet1 no iron1 
no m>riage1 no arts ( peace1 no  ab/ract
 ?\ght1 we call b>b>\s4 ,& aft] _m arts 
are inv5t$ or  import$1 z among ! ,turks
 & ,moori% nations1 x is (t5 a little   
complaisant to call !m civiliz$4    ,ea*
 nation gr[s aft] its own g5ius1 & has a
 civilization ( its  own4 ,! ,*9ese &   
,japanese1 ?\gh ea* complete 9 8 way1 is
  diff]5t f ! man ( ,madrid or ! man (  
,new ,york4 ,! t]m  imports a my/]i\s   
progress4 ,9 ! brutes is none2 & 9      
mank9d1  ! savage tribes d n advance4 ,!

 ,indians ( ?is c\ntry h n  le>n$ ! :ite
 man's "w2 & 9 ,africa1 ! negro ( to-day
 is !  negro ( ,h]odotus4 ,b 9 o!r races
 ! gr[? is n arre/$2 b  ! l progress t  
is made by a boy1 :5 he cuts 8 eye-tee?1
  z we say1--*ildi% illusions pric+     
daily away1 & he see+ ?+s  really &     
compreh5sively1--is made by tribes4 ,x  
is ! le>n+ !  secret ( cumulative p[]1 (
 advanc+ on "o's self4 ,x implies a     
facility ( association1 p[] to comp>e1 !
 ceas+ f fix$ ideas4  ,! ,indian is     
gloomy & di/ress$1 :5 urg$ to dep>t f 8 
habits & traditions4 ,he is ov]p[]$ by !
 gaze ( ! :ite1 &  8 eye s9ks4 ,!       
occasion ( "o ( ^! />ts ( gr[? is always
  "s novelty t a/\nds ! m9d1 & provokes 
x to d>e to *ange4  ,?us !re is a ,manco
 ,capac at ! beg9n+ ( ea* improvem5t1 "s
  sup]ior =eign] import+ new & wond]ful 
arts1 & tea*+ !m4  ,( c\rse1 he mu/ n "k
 too mu*1 b mu/ h ! sympa?y1  language1 
& gods ( ^? he w\ld in=m4 ,b *iefly !   
sea-%ore  has be5 ! po9t ( dep>ture to  
k1 z to comm]ce4 ,! mo/  advanc$ nations

 are always ^? :o navigate ! mo/4 ,! p[]
 :i*  ! sea requires 9 ! sailor makes a 
man ( him v fa/1 & !  *ange ( %ores &   
population cle>s 8 head ( mu* nons5se ( 
8  wigwam4    ,:]e %all we beg9 or end !
 li/ ( ^? feats ( lib]ty & wit1  ea* (  
:i* feats made an epo* ( hi/ory8 ,?us1 !
 effect (  a fram$ or /one h\se is      
imm5se on ! tranquillity1 p[]1 &        
ref9em5t ( ! build]4 ,a man 9 a cave1 or
 9 a camp1 a nomad1 w  die ) no m e/ate 
?an ! wolf or ! horse leaves4 ,b s      
simple  a labor z a h\se be+ a*iev$1 8  
*ief enemies are kept at bay4  ,he is   
safe f ! tee? ( wild animals1 f fro/1   
sun/roke1 &  wea!r2 & f9e faculties beg9
 to yield _! f9e h>ve/4 ,inv5tion  & art
 are born1 mann]s & social beauty &     
delight4 ',t is wond]ful  h[ soon a     
piano gets into a log-hut on ! fronti]4 
,y w\ld ?9k  !y f\nd x "u a p9e-/ump4 ,)
 x comes a ,lat9 gramm>1 & "o  ( ^?     
t[head boys has writt5 a hymn on        
,sunday4 ,n[ let colleges1  n[ let      
s5ates take he$6 = "h is "o1 :o1 op5+ ^!

 f9e  ta/es on ! basis ( ! pione]'s iron
 con/itution1 w ga!r all  _! laurels 9 8
 /rong h&s4    ,:5 ! ,indian trail gets 
wid5$1 grad$1 & bridg$ to a good        
road1--!re is a b5efactor1 !re is a     
mission>y1 a pacificator1 a  weal?-br+]1
 a mak] ( m>kets1 a v5t = indu/ry4 ,!   
build+  ?ree or f\r hundr$ miles ( road 
9 ! ,scot* ,highl&s 9 #agbf  to #agdi   
effectually tam$ ! f]oci\s clans1 &     
e/abli%$ public  ord]4 ,ano!r /ep 9     
civility is ! *ange f w>1 hunt+1 &      
pa/urage1 to agriculture4 ,our          
,sc&9avian =efa!rs h left u a           
significant leg5d to convey _! s5se ( ! 
importance ( ?is /ep4  ,!re 0 once a    
giantess :o _h a daught]1 & ! *ild saw a
  husb&man pl\gh+ 9 ! field4 ,!n %e ran 
& pick$ him up )  h] f+] & ?umb1 & put  
him & 8 pl\gh & 8 ox5 into h]  apron1 & 
c>ri$ !m to h] "m1 & said1 ',"m1 :at    
sort ( a  beetle is ?is t ,i f\nd       
wriggl+ 9 ! s&8' ,b ! "m said1  ',put x 
away1 my *ild2 we mu/ begone out ( ?is  
l&1 = ^!  p w dwell 9 x4' ,ano!r success

 is ! po/-(fice1 )  its educat+ en]gy1  
augm5t$ by *eapness1 & gu>d$ by a c]ta9 
religi\s s5tim5t 9 mank9d1 s t ! p[] ( a
 waf] or a drop  ( wax or glut5 to gu>d 
a lett]1 z x flies ov] sea1 ov] l&1 &   
comes to its address z if a battalion ( 
artill]y br\ght x1 ,i look  ^u z a f9e  
metre ( civilization4    ,! division (  
labor1 ! multiplication ( ! arts (      
peace1 :i* is  no?+ b a l>ge all[ance to
 ea* man to *oose 8 "w accord+  to 8    
faculty1 to live by 8 bett] h&1 fills ! 
,/ate ) useful  & happy labor]s1--& !y1 
creat+ dem& by ! v temptation  ( _!     
productions1 are rapidly & surely rew>d$
 by good sale3 &  :at a police & t5     
comm&m5ts _! "w ?us becomes6 ,s true is 
,dr4 ,johnson's rem>k1 t m5 are seldom m
 innoc5tly employ$ ?an  :5 !y are mak+  
money4    ,! skilful comb9ations ( civil
 gov]nm5t1 ?\gh !y usually  foll[       
natural lead+s1 z ! l9es ( race1        
language1 religion1 &  t]ritory1 yet    
require wisdom & conduct 9 ! rul]s1 & 9 
_!  result delight ! imag9ation4 ,we see

 insurm\ntable multitudes  obey+1 9     
opposition to _! /ronge/ passions1 !    
re/ra9ts (  a p[] :i* !y sc>cely        
p]ceive1 & ! crimes ( a s+le  individual
 m>k$ & puni%$ at ! di/ance ( half !    
e>?4,a    ,footnote ,a3 ,dr4 ,?omas     
,br[n4    ,"r position ( woman 9 ! ,/ate
 is ano!r index4 ,pov]ty &  indu/ry ) a 
heal?y m9d read v easily ! laws (       
humanity1 &  love !m3 place ! sexes 9 "r
 relations ( mutual respect1 & a  sev]e 
morality gives t ess5tial *>m to woman  
:i* educates all  t is delicate1 poetic1
 & self-sacrific+1 bre$s c\rtesy &      
le>n+1 conv]sation & wit1 9 h] r\gh     
mate2 s t ,i h  ?\ght x a suffici5t     
def9ition ( civilization to say1 x is ! 
influ5ce ( good wom54    ,ano!r measure 
( culture is ! diffusion ( k1 ov]runn+  
all ! old b>ri]s ( ca/e1 &1 by ! *eap   
press1 br++ !  univ]sity to e poor man's
 door 9 ! newsboy's basket4 ,scraps (   
sci5ce1 ( ?\ght1 ( poetry are 9 ! co>se/
 %eet1 s t 9  e h\se we hesitate to te> 
a newspap] until we h look$ x  ?r\gh4   

,! %ip1 9 its late/ complete equipm5t1  
is an abridgm5t & comp5d  ( a nation's  
arts3 ! %ip /e]$ by compass & *>t1      
longitude  reckon$ by lun> obs]vation1  
&1 :5 ! heav5s are hid1 by  *ronomet]2  
driv5 by /eam2 & 9 wilde/ sea-m\nta9s1  
at va/  di/ances f home1      ,! pulses 
( h] iron he>t    ,g beat+ ?r\gh ! /orm4
    ,no use c less5 ! wond] ( ?is       
control1 by s weak a creature1 (  =ces s
 prodigi\s4 ,i rememb] ,i wat*$1 9      
cross+ ! sea1 !  beautiful skill :]eby !
 eng9e 9 its con/ant work+ 0 made to    
produce two hundr$ gallons ( fre% wat]  
out ( salt wat]1 e  h\r1--!reby supply+ 
all ! %ip's want4    ,! skill t p]vades 
complex details2 ! man t ma9ta9s        
himself2  ! *imney taught to burn its   
own smoke2 ! f>m made to produce all  t 
is consum$ on x2 ! v prison compell$ to 
ma9ta9 itself  & yield a rev5ue1 &1     
bett] ?an t1 made a re=m s*ool1 & a     
manufactory ( hone/ m5 out ( rogues1 z !
 /eam] made fre%  wat] out ( salt3 all  
^! are examples ( t t5d5cy to comb9e    

antagonisms1 & utilize evil1 :i* is !   
index ( high civilization4              
,civilization is ! result ( highly      
complex organization4 ,9 ! snake1  all !
 organs are %ea!d3 no h&s1 no feet1 no  
f9s1 no w+s4 ,9  bird & bea/1 ! organs  
are releas$1 & beg9 to play4 ,9 man1 !y 
are all unb\nd1 & full ( joyful action4 
,) ?is unswaddl+1 he  receives !        
absolute illum9ation we call ,reason1 & 
!reby true  lib]ty4    ,climate has mu* 
to d ) ?is melioration4 ,! highe/       
civility has  nev] lov$ ! hot zones4    
,:]ev] sn[ falls1 !re is usually civil  
fre$om4 ,:]e ! banana gr[s1 ! animal    
sy/em is indol5t &  pamp]$ at ! co/ (   
high] qualities3 ! man is grasp+1       
s5sual1  & cruel4 ,b ?is scale is by no 
means inv>iable4 ,= high degrees (      
moral s5tim5t control ! unfavorable     
influ5ces ( climate2 & "s  ( our gr&e/  
examples ( m5 & ( races come f !        
equatorial  regions1--z ! g5ius (       
,egypt1 ( ,india1 & ( ,arabia4    ,^!   
feats are measures or traits ( civility2

 & temp]ate climate is  an important    
influ5ce1 ?\gh n q indisp5sable1 = !re h
  be5 le>n+1 philosophy1 & art 9 ,icel&1
 & 9 ! tropics4 ,b  "o condition is     
ess5tial to ! social education (        
man1--namely1  morality4 ,!re c be no   
high civility )\t a deep morality1 ?\gh 
x may n always call itself by t "n1 b   
sometimes ! po9t  ( honor1 z 9 !        
in/itution ( *ivalry2 or patriotism1 z 9
 !  ,sp>tan & ,roman republics2 or !    
en?usiasm ( "s religi\s sect  :i*       
imputes its virtue to its dogma2 or !   
cabalism1 or esprit du  corps1 ( a      
masonic or o!r association ( fri5ds4    
,! evolution ( a highly de/9$ society   
mu/ be moral2 x mu/ run 9  ! grooves ( !
 cele/ial :eels4 ,x mu/ be ca?olic 9    
aims4 ,:at  is moral8 ,x is ! respect+ 9
 action ca?olic or univ]sal ends4  ,he> 
! def9ition :i* ,kant gives ( moral     
conduct3 ,act always s  t ! imm$iate    
motive ( ?y w may become a univ]sal rule
 =  all intellig5t be+s4                
,civilization dep5ds on morality4       

,ev]y?+ good 9 man leans on :at  is     
high]4 ,?is rule holds 9 small z 9      
great4 ,?us1 all our /r5g?  & success 9 
! "w ( our h&s dep5d on our borr[+ ! aid
 (  ! elem5ts4 ,y h se5 a c>p5t] on a   
ladd] ) a broad-axe  *opp+ upw>d *ips & 
sliv]s f a beam4 ,h[ awkw>d6 at :at     
disadvantage he works6 ,b see him on !  
gr\nd1 dress+ 8 timb]  "u him4 ,n[1 n 8 
feeble muscles1 b ! =ce ( gravity br+s  
d[n ! axe2 t is to say1 ! planet itself 
splits 8 /ick4 ,!  f>m] _h mu*          
ill-temp]1 laz9ess1 & %irk+ to endure f 
8  h&-sawy]s1 until1 "o day1 he be?\ght 
him to put 8 saw-mill on  ! edge ( a    
wat]fall2 & ! riv] nev] tires ( turn+ 8 
:eel3  ! riv] is good-natur$1 & nev]    
h9ts an objection4    ,we _h lett]s to  
s5d3 c\ri]s c\ld n g fa/ en\gh1 nor f>  
en\gh2 broke _! wagons1 f\nd]$ _!       
horses2 bad roads 9 spr+1  sn[-drifts 9 
w9t]1 heats 9 summ]2 c\ld n get ! horses
 out  ( a walk4 ,b we f\nd out t ! air &
 e>? 7 full (  electricity2 & x 0 always
 go+ our way1--j ! way we want$ to  s5d4

 ,w\ld he take a message8 ,j z lief z n2
 _h no?+  else to d2 w\ld c>ry x 9 no   
"t4 ,only "o d\bt occurr$1 "o  /agg]+   
objection1--he _h no c>pet-bag1 no      
visible pockets1 no  h&s1 n s mu* z a   
m\?1 to c>ry a lett]4 ,b1 aft] mu*      
?\ght & _m exp]im5ts1 we manag$ to meet 
! conditions1 & to  fold up ! lett] 9   
su* invisible compact =m z he c\ld c>ry 
9  ^? invisible pockets ( 81 nev] wr\ght
 by ne$le & ?read1--&  x w5t l a *>m4   
,i admire /ill m ?an ! saw-mill ! skill 
:i*1 on ! sea-%ore1  makes ! tides drive
 ! :eels & gr9d corn1 & :i* ?us engages 
! assi/ance ( ! moon1 l a hir$ h&1 to   
gr9d1 & w9d1 &  pump1 & saw1 & split    
/one1 & roll iron4    ,n[ t is ! wisdom 
( a man1 9 e in/ance ( 8 labor1  to hit*
 8 wagon to a />1 & see 8 *ore done by !
 gods  !mselves4 ,t is ! way we are     
/rong1 by borr[+ ! might ( !  elem5ts4  
,! =ces ( /eam1 gravity1 galvanism1     
light1 magnets1 w9d1  fire1 s]ve u day  
by day1 & co/ u no?+4    ,our a/ronomy  
is full ( examples ( call+ 9 ! aid ( ^! 

magnific5t help]s4 ,?us1 on a planet s  
small z ours1 ! want (  an adequate base
 = a/ronomical measurem5ts is e>ly felt1
 z1 =  example1 9 detect+ ! p>allax ( a 
/>4 ,b ! a/ronom]1 hav+  by an          
obs]vation fix$ ! place ( a />1 by s    
simple an exp$i5t  z wait+ six mon?s1 & 
!n repeat+ 8 obs]vation1 contriv$  to   
put ! diamet] ( ! e>?'s orbit1 say two  
hundr$ millions (  miles1 betwe5 8 fir/ 
obs]vation & 8 second1 & ?is l9e  af=d$ 
him a respectable base = 8 triangle4    
,all our arts aim to w9 ?is vantage4 ,we
 _c br+ ! heav5ly  p[]s to u1 b1 if we w
 only *oose our jobs 9 directions 9  :i*
 !y travel1 !y w und]take !m ) ! greate/
 pleasure4  ,x is a p]emptory rule ) !m1
 t !y nev] g out ( _!  road4 ,we are    
dapp] little busybodies1 & run ?is way &
 t  way sup]s]viceably2 b !y sw]ve nev] 
f _! =e-orda9$  pa?s1--nei!r ! sun1 nor 
! moon1 nor a bubble ( air1 nor a mote  
( du/4    ,& z our h&iworks borr[ !     
elem5ts1 s all our social &  political  
action leans on pr9ciples4 ,to accompli%

 any?+ excell5t1  ! w mu/ "w = ca?olic &
 univ]sal ends4 ,a puny creature  wall$ 
9 on e side1 z ,donne wrote1--          
------unless above himself he c         
,erect himself1 h[ poor a ?+ is man6    
b :5 8 w leans on a pr9ciple1 :5 he is !
 vehicle ( ideas1  he borr[s _!         
omnipot5ce4 ,gibralt> may be /rong1 b   
ideas are  impregnable1 & be/[ on ! h]o 
_! inv9cibility4 ,x 0 a great           
in/ruction1 said a sa9t 9 ,cromwell's   
w>1 t ! be/ c\rages  are b beams ( !    
,almighty4 ,hit* y\r wagon to a />4 ,let
 u n  fag 9 paltry works :i* s]ve our   
pot & bag alone4 ,let u n lie  & /eal4  
,no god w help4 ,we %all f9d all _!     
teams go+ !  o!r way1--,*>les's ,wa91   
,great ,be>1 ,orion1 ,leo1 ,h]cules3--e 
god w leave u4 ,"w r = ^? int]e/s :i* ! 
div9ities  honor & promote1--ju/ice1    
love1 fre$om1 k1 utility4    ,if we c   
?us ride 9 ,olympian *>iots by putt+ our
 works 9 !  pa? ( ! cele/ial circuits1  
we c h>ness also evil ag5ts1 !  p[]s (  
d>kness1 & =ce !m to s]ve aga9/ _! w !  

ends  ( wisdom & virtue4 ,?us1 a wise   
,gov]nm5t puts f9es & p5alties  on      
pleasant vices4 ,:at a b5efit w\ld !    
,am]ican ,gov]nm5t1 n[  9 ! h\r ( its   
extreme ne$1 r5d] to itself1 & to e     
city1  village1 & hamlet 9 ! ,/ates1 if 
x w\ld tax :iskey & rum  almo/ to ! po9t
 ( prohibition6 ,0 x ,bonap>te :o said t
 he  f\nd vices v good patriots8--he got
 five millions f ! love (  br&y1 & he   
%\ld be glad to "k :i* ( ! virtues w\ld 
pay him  z mu*4 ,tobacco & opium h broad
 backs1 & w *e]fully c>ry  ! load (     
armies1 if y *oose to make !m pay high =
 su* joy z  !y give & su* h>m z !y d4   
,^! are traits1 & measures1 & modes2 & !
 true te/ (  civilization is1 n ! c5sus1
 nor ! size ( cities1 nor !  crops1--no1
 b ! k9d ( man ! c\ntry turns out4 ,i   
see ! va/  advantages ( ?is c\ntry1     
spann+ ! bread? ( ! temp]ate zone4  ,i  
see ! imm5se mat]ial prosp]ity1--t[ns on
 t[ns1 /ates on  /ates1 & weal? pil$ 9 !
 massive ar*itecture ( cities1          
,cali=nia qu>tz-m\nta9s dump$ d[n 9 ,new

 ,york to be re-pil$  ar*itecturally    
along-%ore f ,canada to ,cuba1 & !nce   
we/w>d to  ,cali=nia aga94 ,b x is n    
,new-,york /reets built by ! conflu5ce  
( workm5 & weal? ( all nations1 ?\gh    
/ret*+ out t[>ds  ,philadelphia until !y
 t\* x1 & nor?w>d until !y t\* ,new     
,hav51 ,h>t=d1 ,spr+field1 ,worce/]1 &  
,bo/on1--n ^! t  make ! real e/imation4 
,b1 :5 ,i look ov] ?is con/ellation (   
cities :i* animate & illu/rate ! l&1 &  
see h[ little  ! ,gov]nm5t has to d ) _!
 daily life1 h[ self-help$ &            
self-direct$ all families are1--knots ( 
m5 9 purely natural                     
societies1--societies ( trade1 ( k9dr$  
blood1 ( habitual  hospitality1 h\se &  
h\se1 man act+ on man by weight (       
op9ion1 (  long] or bett]-direct$       
indu/ry1 ! ref9+ influ5ce ( wom51  !    
invitation :i* exp]i5ce & p]man5t causes
 op5 to y\? &  labor1--:5 ,i see h[ mu* 
ea* virtu\s & gift$ p]son :om all m5    
consid] lives affectionately ) scores ( 
excell5t p :o are  n kn[n f> f home1 &  

p]haps ) great reason reckons ^!  p 8   
sup]iors 9 virtue1 & 9 ! symmetry & =ce 
( _!  qualities1 ,i see :at cubic values
 ,am]ica has1 & 9 ^! a bett]  c]tificate
 ( civilization ?an great cities or     
enorm\s weal?4    ,9 /rictness1 ! vital 
ref9em5ts are ! moral & intellectual    
/eps4 ,! appe>ance ( ! ,hebrew ,moses1 (
 ! ,indian ,buddh1--9  ,greece1 ( !     
,sev5 ,wise ,ma/]s1 ( ! acute & upright 
,socrates1  & ( ! ,/oic ,z5o1--9 ,judea1
 ! adv5t ( ,jesus1--& 9 mod]n           
,*ri/5dom1 ( ! reali/s ,huss1           
,savon>ola1 & ,lu!r1 are causal  facts  
:i* c>ry =w>d races to new convictions1 
& elevate ! rule  ( life4 ,9 ! pres5ce (
 ^! ag5cies1 x is frivol\s to insi/  on 
! inv5tion ( pr9t+ or gunp[d]1 (        
/eam-p[] or gas-light1  p]cussion-caps &
 rubb]-%oes1 :i* are toys ?r[n (f f t   
security1 fre$om1 & exhil>ation :i* a   
heal?y morality creates 9  society4 ,^! 
arts add a com=t & smoo?ness to h\se &  
/reet life2 b a pur] morality1 :i*      
k9dles g5ius1 civilizes  civilization1  

ca/s backw>d all t we held sacr$ into ! 
pr(ane1  z ! flame ( oil ?r[s a %ad[ :5 
%9$ ^u by ! flame ( !  ,bude-light4 ,n !
 less ! popul> measures ( progress w ev]
 be  ! arts & ! laws4    ,b if !re be a 
c\ntry :i* _c /& any "o ( ^! te/s1--a   
c\ntry :]e k _c be diffus$ )\t p]ils (  
mob-law  & /atute-law1--:]e spee* is n  
free1--:]e ! po/-(fice is  violat$1     
mail-bags op5$1 & lett]s tamp]$ )1--:]e 
public  debts & private debts outside ( 
! ,/ate are repudiat$1--:]e  lib]ty is  
attack$ 9 ! prim>y in/itution ( _!      
social  life1--:]e ! position ( ! :ite  
woman is injuri\sly affect$ by  !       
outlawry ( ! black woman1--:]e ! arts1  
su* z !y h1  are all import$1 hav+ no   
indig5\s life1--:]e ! labor] is n       
secur$ 9 ! e>n+s ( 8 own h&s1--:]e      
suffrage is n free  or equal1--t c\ntry 
is1 9 all ^! respects1 n civil1 b       
b>b>\s1 & no advantages ( soil1 climate1
 or coa/ c resi/ ^!  suicidal mis*iefs4 
,morality is ess5tial1 & all ! incid5ts 
( morality1--z1 ju/ice  to ! subject1 & 

p]sonal lib]ty4 ,montesquieu            
says1--,c\ntries are  well cultivat$1 n 
z !y are f]tile1 b z !y are free2 & !   
rem>k holds n less1 b m1 true ( !       
culture ( m5 ?an ( !  tillage ( l&4 ,& !
 highe/ pro( ( civility is1 t ! :ole    
public action ( ! ,/ate is direct$ on   
secur+ ! greate/ good (  ! greate/      
numb]4    ,our ,s\!rn ,/ates h introduc$
 confusion into ! moral s5tim5ts  ( _!  
p1 by rev]s+ ?is rule 9 !ory & practice1
 &  d5y+ a man's "r to 8 labor4 ,!      
di/9ction & end ( a s\ndly  con/itut$   
man is 8 labor4 ,use is inscrib$ on all 
8 faculties4 ,use  is ! end to :i* he   
exi/s4 ,z ! tree exi/s = its fruit1 s a 
man = 8 "w4 ,a fruitless plant1 an idle 
animal1 is n f\nd 9  ! univ]se4 ,!y are 
all toil+1 h[ev] secretly or sl[ly1 9 ! 
prov9ce assign$ !m1 & to a use 9 !      
economy ( ! _w1--!  high] & m complex   
organizations to high] & m ca?olic      
s]vice2 & man seems to play a c]ta9 "p t
 tells on ! g5]al  face ( ! planet1--z  
if dress+ ! globe = happi] races (  8   

own k9d1 or1 z we sometimes fancy1 =    
be+s ( sup]ior  organization4    ,b ?us 
use1 labor ( ea* = all1 is ! heal? &    
virtue ( all  be+s4 ,,i* ,,di51 ,i s]ve1
 is a truly royal motto4 ,& x is ! m>k  
( nobl5ess to volunte] ! l[e/ s]vice1--!
 greate/ _s only  atta9+ to humility4   
,nay1 ,god is ,god because he is !      
s]vant (  all4 ,well1 n[ "h comes ?is   
conspiracy ( slav]y1--!y call x an      
in/itution1 ,i call x a de/itution1--?is
 /eal+ ( m5 & sett+  !m to "w1--/eal+ _!
 labor1 & ! ?ief sitt+ idle himself2  & 
= two or ?ree ages x has la/$1 & has    
yield$ a c]ta9  quantity ( rice1 cotton1
 & sug>4 ,& /&+ on ?is doleful          
exp]i5ce1 ^! p h endeavor$ to rev]se !  
natural  s5tim5ts ( mank9d1 & to        
pron\nce labor disgraceful1 & !         
well-be+ ( a man to consi/ 9 eat+ !     
fruit ( o!r m5's labor4  ,labor3 a man  
co9s himself into 8 labor1--turns 8 day1
 8 /r5g?1  8 ?\ght1 8 affection into "s 
product :i* rema9s z !  visible sign ( 8
 p[]2 & to protect t1 to secure t to    

him1 to secure 8 pa/ self to 8 future   
self1 is ! object ( all  gov]nm5t4 ,!re 
is no int]e/ 9 any c\ntry s imp]ative z 
t  ( labor2 x cov]s all1 & con/itutions 
& gov]nm5ts exi/ =  t1--to protect &    
insure x to ! labor]4 ,all hone/ m5 are 
daily  /riv+ to e>n _! bread by _!      
indu/ry4 ,& :o is ?is :o  tosses 8 empty
 head at ?is bless+ 9 disguise1 !       
con/itution (  human nature1 & calls    
labor vile1 & insults ! fai?ful workman 
at  8 daily toil8 ,i see = su* madness  
no hellebore1--= su* calamity  no       
solution b s]vile w>1 & !               
,africanization ( ! c\ntry t  p]mits x4 
,at ?is mom5t 9 ,am]ica ! aspects (     
political society absorb  att5tion4 ,9 e
 h\se1 f ,canada to ! ,gulf1 ! *ildr5   
ask  ! s]i\s fa!r1--,:at is ! news ( !  
w> to-day8 & :5 w  !re be bett] times8  
,! boys h no new clo!s1 no gifts1 no    
j\rneys2 ! girls mu/ g )\t new bonnets2 
boys & girls f9d  _! education1 ?is ye>1
 less lib]al & complete4 ,all ! little  
hopes t h]et(ore made ! ye> pleasant are

 def]r$4 ,! /ate (  ! c\ntry fills u )  
anxiety & /]n duties4 ,we h attempt$ to 
hold toge!r two /ates ( civilization3 a 
high] /ate1 :]e labor  & ! t5ure ( l& & 
! "r ( suffrage are democratical2 &  a  
l[] /ate1 9 :i* ! old milit>y t5ure (   
prison]s or slaves1  & ( p[] & l& 9 a   
few h&s1 makes an olig>*y3 we h         
attempt$ to hold ^! two /ates ( society 
"u "o law4 ,b !  rude & e>ly /ate (     
society does n "w well ) ! lat]1  nay1  
works badly1 & has poison$ politics1    
public morals1 & social  int]c\rse 9 !  
,republic1 n[ = _m ye>s4    ,! times put
 ?is "q1--,:y _c ! be/ civilization be  
ext5d$ ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 s9ce ! disord]
 ( ! less  civiliz$ portion m5aces !    
exi/5ce ( ! c\ntry8 ,is ?is secul>      
progress we h describ$1 ?is evolution ( 
man to ! highe/ p[]s1  only to give him 
s5sibility1 & n to br+ duties ) x8 ,is  
he  n to make 8 k practical8 to /& & to 
)/&8 ,is n  civilization h]oic also8 ,is
 x n = action8 has x n a w8  ,!re are   
p]iods1 said ,niebuhr1 :5 some?+ mu*    

bett] ?an1  happ9ess & security ( life  
is atta9able4 ,we live 9 a new &        
exceptional age4 ,am]ica is ano!r ^w =  
,opportunity4 ,our :ole  hi/ory appe>s l
 a la/ ef=t ( ! ,div9e ,provid5ce 9     
behalf (  ! human race2 & a lit]al      
slavi% foll[+ ( prec$5ts1 z by  a ju/ice
 ( ! peace1 is n = ^? :o at ?is h\r lead
 !  de/9ies ( ?is p4 ,! evil y cont5d ) 
has tak5 al>m+  proportions1 & y /ill   
cont5t y\rself ) p>ry+ ! bl[s x  aims1  
b1 z if en*ant$1 ab/a9 f /rik+ at !     
cause4    ,if ! ,am]ican p hesitate1 x  
is n = want ( w>n+ or  advices4 ,!      
telegraph has be5 swift en\gh to ann\nce
 our disa/]s4  ,! j\rnals h n suppress$ 
! ext5t ( ! calamity4 ,nei!r  0 !re any 
want ( argum5t or ( exp]i5ce4 ,if ! w>  
br\ght  any surprise to ! ,nor?1 x 0 n !
 fault ( s5t9els on !  wat*-t[]s1 :o _h 
furni%$ full details ( ! designs1 !     
mu/]1  & ! means ( ! enemy4 ,nei!r 0    
any?+ conceal$ ( ! !ory  or practice (  
slav]y4 ,to :at purpose make m big books
 ( ^!  /ati/ics8 ,!re are already       

m\nta9s ( facts1 if any "o wants !m4  ,b
 p d n want !m4 ,!y br+ _! op9ions into 
! _w4  ,if !y h a comatose t5d5cy 9 !   
bra91 !y are pro-slav]y  :ile !y live2  
if ( a n]v\s sangu9e\s temp]am5t1 !y are
  abolitioni/s4 ,!n int]e/s 7 nev]      
p]suad$4 ,c y conv9ce !  %oe int]e/1 or 
! iron int]e/1 or ! cotton int]e/1 by   
read+  passages f ,milton or            
,montesquieu8 ,y wi% to satisfy p t     
slav]y is bad economy4 ,:y1 ! ,ed9burgh 
,review p\nd$ on t  /r+1 & made out its 
case =ty ye>s ago4 ,a democratic        
/atesman  said to me1 long s9ce1 t1 if  
he own$ ! ,/ate ( ,k5tucky1 he  w\ld    
manumit all ! slaves1 & be a ga9] by !  
transaction4 ,is  ?is new8 ,no1 ev]ybody
 kn[s x4 ,z a g5]al economy x is        
admitt$4  ,b !re is no "o own] ( !      
,/ate1 b a good _m small own]s4  ,"o man
 owns l& & slaves2 ano!r owns slaves    
only4 ,"h is a woman  :o has no o!r     
prop]ty1--l a lady 9 ,*>le/on ,i knew (1
 :o  own$ fifte5 *imney-sweeps & rode 9 
h] c>riage4 ,x is cle>ly a  va/         

inconv5i5ce to ea* ( ^! to make any     
*ange1 & !y are  fretful & talkative1 & 
all _! fri5ds are2 & ^? less  int]e/$   
are in]t1 &1 f want ( ?\ght1 av]se to   
innovation4  ,x is l free trade1 c]ta9ly
 ! int]e/ ( nations1 b by no  means !   
int]e/ ( c]ta9 t[ns & di/ricts1 :i*     
t>iff fe$s  fat2 & ! eag] int]e/ ( ! few
 ov]p[]s ! apa!tic g5]al  conviction ( !
 _m4 ,banknotes rob ! public1 b are su* 
a daily  conv5i5ce t we sil5ce our      
scruples1 & make believe !y are  gold4  
,s impo/s are ! *eap & "r taxation2 b by
 ! dislike (  p to pay out a direct tax1
 gov]nm5ts are =c$ to r5d] life  co/ly  
by mak+ !m pay twice z mu*1 hidd5 9 !   
price ( tea &  sug>4    ,9 ?is national 
crisis1 x is n argum5t t we want1 b t   
r>e  c\rage :i* d>es commit itself to a 
pr9ciple1 believ+ t ,nature  is its     
ally1 & w create ! in/rum5ts x requires1
 & m ?an  make good any petty & injuri\s
 pr(it :i* x may di/urb4 ,!re  nev] 0   
su* a comb9ation z ?is ( ours1 & ! rules
 to meet x  are n set d[n 9 any hi/ory4 

,we want m5 ( orig9al p]ception &       
orig9al action1 :o c op5 _! eyes wid]   
?an to a nationality1  namely1 to       
consid]ations ( b5efit to ! human race1 
c act 9 !  int]e/ ( civilization4       
,gov]nm5t mu/ n be a p>i% cl]k1 a       
ju/ice ( ! peace4 ,x has1 ( necessity1 9
 any crisis ( ! ,/ate1  ! absolute p[]s 
( a ,dictator4 ,! exi/+ ,adm9i/ration is
  entitl$ to ! utmo/ c&or4 ,x is to be  
?ank$ = its angelic  virtue1 comp>$ )   
any executive exp]i5ces ) :i* we h be5  
famili>4 ,b ! times w n all[ u to       
indulge 9 complim5t4 ,i  wi% ,i saw 9 ! 
p t inspiration :i*1 if ,gov]nm5t w\ld n
  obey ! same1 x w\ld leave ! ,gov]nm5t 
beh9d1 & create on !  mom5t ! means &   
executors x want$4 ,bett] ! w> %\ld m   
dang]\sly ?reat5 u1--%\ld ?reat5        
fracture 9 :at is /ill  :ole1 & puni% u 
) burn$ capitals & slaught]$ regim5ts1 &
  s exasp]ate ! p to en]gy1 exasp]ate   
our nationality4 ,!re  are ,scriptures  
writt5 invisibly on m5's he>ts1 ^:      
lett]s d n  come out until !y are       

enrag$4 ,!y c be read by w>-fires1 & by 
eyes 9 ! la/ p]il4    ,we _c b rememb] t
 !re h be5 days 9 ,am]ican hi/ory1  :51 
if ! ,free ,/ates _h done _! duty1      
,slav]y _h be5 block$  by an immovable  
b>ri]1 & our rec5t calamities =ev]      
preclud$4  ,! ,free ,/ates yield$1 & e  
compromise 0 surr5d]1 & invit$  new     
dem&s4 ,"h aga9 is a new occasion :i*   
,heav5 (f]s to s5se  & virtue4 ,x looks 
z if we held ! fate ( ! faire/          
possession  ( mank9d 9 our h&s1 to be   
sav$ by our firmness or to be lo/ by    
hesitation4    ,! "o p[] t has legs long
 en\gh & /rong en\gh to cross !         
,potomac (f]s itself at ?is h\r2 ! "o   
/rong en\gh to br+ all  ! civility up to
 ! height ( t :i* is be/ prays n[ at !  
door ( ,congress = leave to move4       
,emancipation is ! dem& (  civilization4
 ,t is a pr9ciple2 ev]y?+ else is an    
intrigue4 ,?is  is a progressive        
policy1--puts ! :ole p 9 heal?y1        
productive1  amiable position1--puts e  
man 9 ! ,s\? 9 j & natural  relations ) 

e man 9 ! ,nor?1 labor] ) labor]4    ,we
 %all n attempt to unfold ! details ( ! 
project (  emancipation4 ,x has be5 /at$
 ) great ability by sev]al ( its  lead+ 
advocates4 ,i w only adv]t to "s lead+  
po9ts ( !  argum5t1 at ! risk ( repeat+ 
! reasons ( o!rs4,b    ,footnote ,b3 ,i 
ref] ma9ly to a ,disc\rse by ! ,rev4    
,m4,d4 ,conway1  deliv]$ be=e !         
,emancipation ,league1 9 ,bo/on1 9      
,janu>y la/4    ,! w> is welcome to !   
,s\!rn]3 a *ivalr\s sport to him1 l     
hunt+1 & suits 8 semi-civiliz$          
condition4 ,on ! climb+ scale  (        
progress1 he is j up to w>1 & has nev]  
appe>$ to su*  advantage z 9 ! la/      
twelve-mon?4 ,x does n suit u4 ,we are  
advanc$ "s ages on ! w>-/ate1--to trade1
 art1 & g5]al  cultivation4 ,8 labor]   
works = him at home1 s t he loses no    
labor by ! w>4 ,all our soldi]s are     
labor]s2 s t ! ,s\?1 )  its inf]ior     
numb]s1 is almo/ on a foot+ 9 effective 
w>-population  ) ! ,nor?4 ,aga91 z long 
z we fight )\t any affirmative /ep  tak5

 by ! ,gov]nm5t1 any ^w intimat+        
=feiture 9 ! rebel  ,/ates ( _! old     
privileges "u ! law1 !y & we fight on ! 
same side1 = ,slav]y4 ,aga91 if we      
conqu] ! enemy1--:at !n8 ,we  %all /ill 
h to keep him "u1 & x w co/ z mu* to    
hold him  d[n z x did to get him d[n4   
,!n comes ! summ]1 & ! fev]  w drive our
 soldi]s home2 next w9t]1 we mu/ beg9 at
 !  beg9n+1 & conqu] him ov] aga94 ,:at 
use1 !n1 to take a =t1  or a private]1  
or get possession ( an inlet1 or to     
capture a regim5t  ( rebels8    ,b "o   
weapon we hold :i* is sure4 ,congress c1
 by edict1 z a "p  ( ! milit>y def5ce   
:i* x is ! duty ( ,congress to provide1 
aboli% slav]y1 & pay = su* slaves z we  
ought to pay =4 ,!n  ! slaves ne> our   
armies w come to u3 ^? 9 ! int]ior w  "k
 9 a week :at _! rights are1 & w1 :]e   
opportunity  (f]s1 prep>e to take !m4   
,in/antly1 ! armies t n[ confront  y mu/
 run home to protect _! e/ates1 & mu/   
/ay !re1 &  y\r enemies w disappe>4     
,!re c be no safety until ?is /ep is    

tak54 ,we fancy t !  endless debate1    
emphasiz$ by ! crime & by ! cannons (   
?is w>1  has br\ght ! ,free ,/ates to "s
 conviction t x c nev] g well  ) u :il/ 
?is mis*ief ( ,slav]y rema9s 9 our      
politics1 &  t by conc]t or by might we 
mu/ put an end to x4 ,b we h too  mu*   
exp]i5ce ( ! futility ( an easy reliance
 on ! mom5t>y  good dispositions ( !    
public4 ,!re does exi/1 p]haps1 a popul>
  w t ! ,union %all n be brok51--t our  
trade1 & !re=e  our laws1 mu/ h ! :ole  
bread? ( ! cont95t1 & f ,canada  to !   
,gulf4 ,b1 s9ce ?is is ! root$ belief & 
w ( !  p1 s mu* ! m are !y 9 dang]1 :5  
impati5t ( defeats1  or impati5t (      
taxes1 to g ) a ru% = "s peace1 & :at   
k9d  ( peace %all at t mom5t be easie/  
atta9$3 !y w make  concessions = x1--w  
give up ! slaves2 & ! :ole torm5t (  !  
pa/ half-c5tury w come back to be endur$
 anew4    ,nei!r d ,i d\bt1 if su* a    
composition %\ld take place1 t !        
,s\!rn]s w come back quietly & politely1
 leav+ _! haughty  dictation4 ,x w be an

 era ( good feel+s4 ,!re w be a lull    
aft] s l\d a /orm2 &1 no d\bt1 !re w be 
discreet m5 f  t section :o w e>ne/ly   
/rive to inaugurate m mod]ate &  fair   
adm9i/ration ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 & ! ,nor? w 
= a "t  h its full %>e & m1 9 place &   
c\nsel4 ,b ?is w n  la/1--n = want (    
s9c]e good-w 9 s5sible ,s\!rn]s1 b      
because ,slav]y w aga9 speak ?r\gh !m   
its h>% necessity4 ,x  _c live b by     
inju/ice1 & x w be unju/ & viol5t to !  
end ( ! _w4    ,! p[] ( ,emancipation is
 ?is1 t x alt]s ! atomic social         
con/itution ( ! ,s\!rn p4 ,n[ _! int]e/ 
is 9 keep+  out :ite labor2 !n1 :5 !y   
mu/ pay wages1 _! int]e/ w be  to let x 
91 to get ! be/ labor1 &1 if !y fe> _!  
blacks1 to  invite ,iri%1 ,g]man1 &     
,am]ican labor]s4 ,?us1 :il/ ,slav]y    
makes  & keeps disunion1 ,emancipation  
removes ! :ole objection to union4      
,emancipation at "o /roke elevates !    
poor :ite ( ! ,s\?1 &  id5tifies 8      
int]e/ ) t ( ! ,nor!rn labor]4    ,n[1 9
 ! "n ( all t is simple & g5]\s1 :y %\ld

 n  ?is great "r be done8 ,:y %\ld n    
,am]ica be capable ( a second  /roke = !
 well-be+ ( ! human race1 z eighty or   
n9ety ye>s  ago %e 0 = ! fir/8 an       
affirmative /ep 9 ! int]e/s ( human     
civility1 urg$ on h]1 too1 n by any     
romance ( s5tim5t1 b by  h] own extreme 
p]ils8 ,x is v c]ta9 t ! /atesman :o    
%all  break ?r\gh ! cobwebs ( d\bt1 fe>1
 & petty cavil t lie  9 ! way1 w be     
greet$ by ! unanim\s ?anks ( mank9d4 ,m5
  reconcile !mselves v fa/ to a bold &  
good measure1 :5 once x  is tak51 ?\gh  
!y condemn$ x 9 advance4 ,a week be=e ! 
two  captive commission]s 7 surr5d]$ to 
,engl&1 e "o ?\ght x  c\ld n be done3 x 
w\ld divide ! ,nor?4 ,x 0 done1 & 9 two 
days all agre$ x 0 ! "r action4 ,& ?is  
action :i* co/s s  little 7! p>ties     
injur$ by x be+ su* a h&ful t !y c  v   
easily be indemnifi$7 rids ! _w1 at "o  
/roke1 ( ?is  degrad+ nuisance1 ! cause 
( w> & ru9 to nations4 ,?is measure  at 
once puts all p>ties "r4 ,?is is borr[+1
 z ,i said1 !  omnipot5ce ( a pr9ciple4 

,:at is s fooli% z ! t]ror le/ !  blacks
 %\ld be made furi\s by fre$om & wages8 
,x is d5y+ ^!  t is ! outrage1 & makes !
 dang] f ! blacks4 ,b ju/ice  satisfies 
ev]ybody1--:ite man1 r$ man1 yell[ man1 
& black man4 ,all  l wages1 & ! appetite
 gr[s by fe$+4    ,b ?is measure1 to be 
effectual1 mu/ come spe$ily4 ,! weapon  
is  slipp+ out ( our h&s4 ,"t1 say !    
,indian ,scriptures1 dr9ke?  up ! ess5ce
 ( e great & noble action :i* ought to  
be  p]=m$1 & :i* is delay$ 9 !          
execution4    ,i hope x is n a fatal    
objection to ?is policy t x is simple & 
b5efic5t ?or\ghly1 :i* is ! attribute ( 
a moral action4 ,an  unprec$5t$ mat]ial 
prosp]ity has n t5d$ to make u ,/oics or
  ,*ri/ians4 ,b ! laws by :i* ! univ]se 
is organiz$ reappe> at  e po9t1 & w rule
 x4 ,! end ( all political /ruggle is   
to e/abli% morality z ! basis ( all     
legislation4 ,x is n free  in/itutions1 
't is n a republic1 't is n a democracy1
 t is !  end1--no1 b only ! means4      
,morality is ! object ( gov]nm5t4  ,we  

want a /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* crime %all n    
pay4 ,?is is !  consolation on :i* we   
re/ 9 ! d>kness ( ! future & !          
afflictions ( to-day1 t ! gov]nm5t ( !  
_w is moral1 &  does =ev] de/roy :at is 
n4    ,x is ! maxim ( natural           
philosoph]s1 t ! natural =ces we>  out 9
 "t all ob/acles1 & take place3 & 't is 
! maxim (  hi/ory1 t victory always     
falls at la/ :]e x ought to fall2 or1   
!re is p]petual m>* & progress to ideas4
 ,b1 9 ei!r case1  no l9k ( ! *a9 c drop
 out4 ,nature works ?r\gh h] appo9t$    
elem5ts2 & ideas mu/ "w ?r\gh ! bra9s & 
! arms ( good  & brave m51 or !y are no 
bett] ?an dreams4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,s9ce ! above   
pages 7 writt51 ,presid5t ,l9coln has   
propos$ to  ,congress t ! ,gov]nm5t %all
 cop]ate ) any ,/ate t %all  enact a    
gradual aboli%m5t ( ,slav]y4 ,9 ! rec5t 
s]ies ( national  successes1 ?is        
,message is ! be/4 ,x m>ks ! happie/ day
 9 !  political ye>4 ,! ,am]ican        
,executive ranges itself = ! fir/ "t  on

 ! side ( fre$om4 ,if ,congress has be5 
backw>d1 ! ,presid5t has  advanc$4 ,?is 
/ate-pap] is ! m int]e/+ t x appe>s to  
be  ! ,presid5t's individual act1 done  
"u a /rong s5se ( duty4 ,he  speaks 8   
own ?\ght 9 8 own /yle4 ,all ?anks &    
honor to !  ,head ( ! ,/ate6 ,! ,message
 has be5 receiv$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry  )    
praise1 &1 we d\bt n1 ) m pleasure ?an  
has be5 spok54  ,if ,congress accords ) 
! ,presid5t1 x is n yet too late to beg9
  ! emancipation2 b we ?9k x w always be
 too late to make x  gradual4 ,all      
exp]i5ce agrees t x %\ld be imm$iate4 ,m
 &  bett] ?an ! ,presid5t has spok5     
%all1 p]haps1 ! effect ( ?is  ,message  
be1--b1 we are sure1 n m or bett] ?an he
 hop$ 9 8  he>t1 :51 ?\ghtful ( all !   
complexities ( 8 position1 he  p5n$ ^!  
cauti\s words4           99       99    
99       99       99                    
,,comp5sation4        ,9 ! /r5g? ( !    
endeavor1    ,9 ! temp] ( ! giv]1    ,9 
! lov+ ( ! lov]1      ,lies ! hidd5     
recomp5se4      ,9 ! s[+ ( ! s[]1    ,9 

! fleet+ ( ! fl[]1    ,9 ! fad+ ( ea*   
h\r1      ,lurks et]nal recomp5se4      
,a ,,message ,,( ,,jeff ,,davis ,,9     
,,secret ,,session4    ,,conjecturally  
,,report$ ,,by ,h4 ,,bigl[4      ,to !  
,editors ( ! ,,atlantic ,,mon?ly4       
,jaalam1 #aj? ,m>*1 #ahfb4              
,,g5tlem51--,my leisure has be5 s       
entirely occupi$ ) ! hi!rto  fruitless  
endeav\r to decyph] ! ,runick           
inscription ^: =tunate  discov]y ,i     
m5tion$ 9 my la/ communication1 t ,i h n
 f\nd  "t to discuss1 z ,i _h int5d$1 ! 
great problem ( :at we are to  d )      
slav]y1 a topick on :i* ! publick m9d 9 
?is place is at  pres5t m ?an ev]       
agitat$4 ,:at my wi%es & hopes are ,i   
ne$  n say1 b = safe conclusions ,i d n 
conceive t we are yet  9 possession (   
facts en\gh on :i* to bottom !m )       
c]ta9ty4  ,ackn[l$g+ ! h& ( ,provid5ce1 
z ,i d1 9 all ev5ts1 ,i am  sometimes   
incl9$ to ?9k t !y are wis] ?an we1 & am
 will+  to wait till we h made ?is      
cont95t once m a place :]e  freem5 c    

live 9 security & hon\r1 be=e assum+ any
 fur!r  responsibility4 ,?is is ! view  
tak5 by my neighb\r ,habakkuk           
,sloansure1 ,esq41 ! presid5t ( our     
bank1 ^: op9ion 9 !  practical affairs (
 life has great weight ) me1 z ,i h     
g5]ally  f\nd x to be ju/ifi$ by ! ev5t1
 & ^: c\nsel1 _h ,i foll[$  x1 w\ld h   
sav$ me f an un=tunate inve/m5t ( a     
consid]able  "p ( ! pa9ful economies (  
half a c5tury 9 ! ,nor?we/-,passage     
,tunnel4 ,aft] a some:at animat$        
discussion ) ?is g5tleman1 a  few days  
s9ce1 ,i exp&$1 on ! audi alt]am p>tem  
pr9ciple1  some?+ :i* he happ5$ to say  
by way ( illu/ration1 into !  foll[+    
fable4      ,,fe/9a ,,l5te4      ,once  
on a "t !re 0 a pool    ,fr+$ all ab\t )
 flag-leaves cool    ,& spott$ )        
c[-lilies g>i%1    ,( frogs & p\ts !    
anci5t p>i%4    ,ald]s ! creak+ r$w+s   
s9k on1    ,tussocks t h\se bli! ,bob o'
 ,l9coln4    ,h$g$ r\nd ! unassail$     
seclusion1    ,:]e muskrats pil$ _!     
cells ,c>?usian2    ,& _m a             

moss-embroid]$ log1    ,! wat]+-place ( 
summ] frog1    ,slept & decay$ ) pati5t 
skill1    ,z wat]+-places sometimes w4  
,n[ 9 ?is ,abbey ( ,!leme1    ,:i*      
realiz$ ! faire/ dream    ,t ev] doz+   
bull-frog _h1    ,sunn$ on a half-sunk  
lily-pad1    ,!re rose a p>ty ) a       
mission    ,to m5d ! polliwogs'         
condition1    ,:o notifi$ ! selectm5    
,to call a meet+ !re & !n4    ,"s k9d ( 
/eps4 !y said1 are ne$$2    ,!y don't   
come on s fa/ z we did3    ,let's dock  
_! tails2 if t don't make 'em    ,frogs 
by brevet1 ! ,old ,"o take 'em6    ,t   
boy1 t came ! o!r day    ,to dig "s     
flag-root d[n ?is way1    ,8 jack-knife 
left1 & 't is a sign    ,t ,heav5       
approves ( our design3    ',t 7 wick$ n 
to urge ! /ep on1    ,:5 ,provid5ce has 
s5t ! weapon4      ,old croak]s1 deacons
 ( ! mire1    ,t l$ ! deep batra*ia9    
*oir1    ,uk6 ,uk6 ,c>onk6 ) bass t     
might    ,h left ,labla*e's out ( sight1
    ,%ook knobby heads1 & said1 ,no g6  
,y'd bett] let 'em try to gr[3    ,old  

,doctor ,"t is sl[1 b /ill    ,he does  
"k h[ to make a pill4      ,b va9 0 all 
_! ho>se/ bass1    ,_! old exp]i5ce out 
( place1    ,&1 spite ( croak+ &        
entreat+1    ,! vote 0 c>ri$ 9          
m>%-meet+4      ,"l kn[s1 prote/ !      
polliwogs1    ,we're anxi\s to be       
gr[n-up frogs2    ,b d n und]take ! "w  
,( ,nature till %e prove a %irk2    ',t 
is n by jumps t %e advances1    ,b w9s  
h] way by circum/ances3    ,pray1 wait  
a:ile1 until y "k    ,we're s contriv$ z
 n to gr[2    ,let ,nature take h] own  
direction1    ,& %e'll absorb our       
imp]fection2    ,y mightn't l 'em to    
appe> )1    ,b we mu/ h ! ?+s to /e] )4 
,no1 pip$ ! p>ty ( re=m1    ,all great  
results are ta'en by /orm2    ,fate     
holds h] be/ gifts till we %[    ,we've 
/r5g? to make h] let !m g3    ,no m     
reject ! ,age's *rism1    ,y\r cues are 
an ana*ronism2    ,no m ! ,future's     
promise mock1    ,b lay y\r tails ^u !  
block1    ,?ankful t we ! means h vot$  
,to h y ?us to frogs promot$4      ,! ?+

 0 done1 ! tails 7 cropp$1    ,& home   
ea* philotadpole hopp$1    ,9 fai?      
rew>d$ to exult1    ,& wait ! beautiful 
result4    ,too soon x came2 our pool1 s
 long    ,! !me ( patriot bull-frogs'   
song1    ,next day 0 reek+1 fit to      
smo!r1    ,) heads & tails t miss$ ea*  
o!r1--    ,"h sn\tless tails1 !re       
tailless sn\ts3    ,! only ga9]s 7 !    
p\ts4      ,,moral4      ,f l[] to !    
high] next1    ,n to ! top1 is ,nature's
 text2    ,& embryo ,good1 to rea* full 
/ature1    ,absorbs ! ,evil 9 its       
nature4    ,i ?9k t no?+ w ev] give     
p]man5t peace & security to  ?is cont95t
 b ! extirpation ( ,slav]y !refrom1 & t 
!  occasion is nigh2 b ,i w\ld d no?+   
ha/ily or v9dictively1 nor  presume to  
jog ! elb[ ( ,provid5ce4 ,no desp]ate   
measures = me  till we are sure t all   
o!rs are hopeless1--flect]e si nequeo   
,,sup]os1 ,a*]onta movebo4 ,to make     
,emancipation a re=m in/ead (  a        
revolution is wor? a little pati5ce1 t  
we may h ! ,bord]  ,/ates fir/1 & !n !  

non-slavehold]s ( ! ,cotton ,/ates ) u  
9 pr9ciple1--a consummation t seems to  
me ne>] ?an _m imag9e4  ,fiat ju/itia1  
ruat coelum1 is n to be tak5 9 a lit]al 
s5se by  /atesm51 ^: problem is to get  
ju/ice done ) z little j> z  possible to
 exi/+ ord]1 :i* has at lea/ s mu* (    
heav5 9 x  t x is n *aos4 ,i rejoice 9 !
 ,presid5t's late ,message1 :i*  at la/ 
proclaims ! ,gov]nm5t on ! side (       
fre$om1 ju/ice1 &  s\nd policy4    ,z ,i
 write1 comes ! news ( our disa/] at    
,hampton ,roads4 ,i d n  und]/& !       
sup95ess :i*1 aft] fair w>n+1 leaves    
wood to an  unequal conflict ) iron4 ,x 
is n en\gh m]ely to h ! "r  on our side1
 if we /ick to ! old fl9t-lock (        
tradition4 ,i h  obs]v$ 9 my p>o*ial    
exp]i5ce 7haud ign>us mali7 t ! ,devil  
is prompt to adopt ! late/ inv5tions (  
de/ructive w>f>e1 & may  ?us take ev5   
su* a ?ree-deck] z ,bi%op ,butl] at an  
advantage4 ,x  is curi\s1 t1 z gunp[d]  
made arm\r useless on %ore1 s arm\r  is 
hav+ its rev5ge by baffl+ its old enemy 

at sea1--& t1 :ile  gunp[d] robb$       
l&-w>f>e ( ne>ly all its picturesqu5ess 
to give  ev5 great] /atel9ess &         
sublimity to a sea-fight1 arm\r bids    
fair  to degrade ! latt] into a squabble
 betwe5 two iron-%ell$ turtles4         
,y\rs1 ) e/eem & respect1    ,,hom]     
,,wilbur1 ,a4,m4    ,p4,s4 ,i _h        
wellnigh =gott5 to say t ! object ( ?is 
lett] is  to inclose a communication f !
 gift$ p5 ( ,mr4 ,bigl[4      ,i s5t y a
 messige1 my fri5s1 t' o!r day1    ,to  
tell y ,i'd no?9' p]tickl] to say3      
',t wuz ! day our new nation gut k9' o' 
/illborn1    ,s't wuz my pleasant dooty 
t' ackn[l$ge ! corn1    ,an' ,i see     
cle>ly !n1 ef ,i didn't be=e1    ,!t !  
augur 9 inauguration means bore4    ,i  
ne$n't tell y !t my messige wuz writt5  
,to diffuse correc' notions 9 ,france   
an' ,gret ,britt51    ,an' ag9 to       
impress on ! poppyl> m9d    ,! com=t an'
 wisdom o' go9' x bl9d1--    ,to say !t 
,i didn't abate n a hoot]    ,o' my fai?
 9 a happy an' glori\s futur'1    ,ez   

ri* 9 ea* so%le an' p'litickle bless9'  
,ez !m !t we n[ h$ ! joy o' possess9'1  
,) a p unit$1 an' long9' to die    ,=   
wut we call _! c\ntry1 )\t ask9' :y1    
,an' all ! gret ?+s we conclud$ to slope
 =    ,ez mu* )9 rea* n[ ez ev]--to hope
 =4    ,we've all o' ! ell]munts1 ?is v 
h\r1    ,!t make up a fus'-class1       
self-gov]n9' p[]3    ,we've a w>1 an' a 
debt1 an' a flag2 an' ef ?is    ,a9't to
 be ind]p5dunt1 :y1 wut on air? is8     
,an' no?9' n[ h5d]s our tak9' our /ation
    ,ez ! free/1 enlight5$e/1 civ]liz$  
nation1    ,built up on our bran'-new   
politickle !sis    ,!t a ,guv'm5t's fu/ 
"r is to tumble to pieces1--    ,i say  
no?9' h5d]s our tak9' our place    ,ez !
 v fus'-be/ o' ! :ole human race1       
,a-spitt9' toback] ez pr\d ez y please  
,on ,victory's bes' c>pets1 or loaf9' at
 ease    ,9 ! ,tool'ries front-p>lor1   
discuss9' affairs    ,) our heels on !  
backs o' ,napoleon's new *airs1    ,an' 
pr9ces a-mix9' our cocktails an' sl+s1--
    ,excep'1 wal1 excep' je/ a v few    

?+s1    ,se* ez navies an' armies an'   
:]e) to pay1    ,an' gitt9' our sog]s to
 run t' o!r way1    ,an' n be too       
ov]-p]tickl] 9 try9'    ,to hunt up ! v 
las' dit*es to die 94      ,!r' are     
critt]s s base !t !y want x expla9$     
,jes' wut is ! totle am\nt !t we've     
ga9$1    ,ez ef we c\ld maysure /up5ji\s
 ev5ts    ,by ! l[ ,yankee /an'ard o'   
doll>s an' c5ts3    ,!y seem to =git1   
!t1 s5ce la/ ye> revolv$1    ,we've     
succe$$ 9 gitt9' sece%$ an' dissolv$1   
,an' !t no "o c't hope to git ?ru       
dissolootion    ',?\t sonic k9' o' /ra9 
on ! be/ ,con/itootion4    ,:o asks = a 
prospec' m flettr9' an' bright1    ,:5 f
 "h clean to ,texas x's all "o free     
fight8    ,ha9't we rescu$ f ,sew>d !   
gret lead9' featurs    ,!t makes x wu?  
:ile to be reason9' creaturs8    ,ha9't 
we sav$ ,habus ,copp]s1 improv$ x 9     
fact1    ,by susp5d+ ! ,unioni/s '/id o'
 ! ,act8    ,a9't ! laws free to all8   
,:]e on air? else d' ye see    ,e       
freeman improv9' 8 own rope an' tree8   

,x's ne'ss>y to take a good confid5t    
tone    ,) ! public2 b "h1 je/ among/ u1
 ,i own    ,?+s looks black] 'n ?und]4  
,!r' 's no use d5y9'    ,we're clean out
 o' money1 an' 'mo/ out o' ly9'1--      
,two ?+s a "y nation c't m5nage )\t1    
,ef %e wants to look wal at h] fu/ com9'
 out2    ,= ! fu/ supplies physickle    
/r5g?1 :ile ! second    ,gives a morril 
edvantage !t's h>d to be reckon$3    ,= 
?is latt] ,i'm will9' to du wut ,i c2   
,= ! =m] y'll hev to consult on a       
plan1--    ,?\gh our fu/ want 7an' ?is  
p9t ,i want y\r be/ views on7    ,is    
plausible pap] to pr9t ,i4,o4,u4s on4   
,"s g5nlem5 ?9k x w\ld cure all our     
cank]s    ,9 ! way o' f9ance1 ef we jes'
 hang$ ! bank]s2    ,an' ,i own !       
proposle 'ud squ>e ) my views1    ,ef _!
 lives wuzn't all !t we'd left 'em to   
lose4    ,"s say !t m confid5ce might be
 inspir$1    ,ef we vot$ our cities an' 
t[ns to be fir$1--    ,a plan !t 'ud    
sutt5ly tax our endurance1    ,coz 't   
w\ld be our own bills we %\ld git = ?'  

insurance2    ,b c9d]s1 no mett] h[     
sacr$ we ?9k 'em1    ,mightn't /rike    
furr9 m9ds ez good s\rces ( income1     
,nor ! p1 p]haps1 w\ldn't l ! eclaw     
,o' be9' all turn$ into paytriots by    
law4    ,"s want we %\ld buy all !      
cotton an' burn x1    ,on a pl$ge1 :5   
we've gut ?ru ! w>1 to return x1--      
,!n to take ! proce$s an' hold !m ez    
security    ,= an issue o' bonds to be  
met at maturity    ,) an issue o' notes 
to be paid 9 h>d ca%    ,on ! fus'      
,monday foll]9' ! 't>nal ,allsma%3      
,?is hez a safe air1 an'1 once hold o' !
 gold1    ',ud leave our vile plund]]s  
out 9 ! cold1    ,an' might temp' ,john 
,bull1 ef x w>n't = ! dip he    ,once   
gut f ! banks o' my own ,massissippi4   
,"s ?9k we c\ld make1 by arrang9' !     
figg]s1    ,a h5dy home-curr5cy out (   
our nigg]s2    ,b x wun't du to lean mu*
 on ary se* /aff1    ,= !y're gitt9' tu 
curr5t a'ready1 by half4    ,"o g5nleman
 says1 ef we lef' our loan out    ,:]e  
,floyd c\ld git hold on 't1 he'd take x1

 no d\bt2    ,b 't a9't jes' ! tak9'1   
?\gh 't hez a good look1    ,we mus' git
 sun?9' out on x art] x's took1    ,an' 
we ne$ n[ m 'n ev]1 ) sorr] ,i own1     
,!t "s "o ano!r %\ld let u a loan1      
,s5ce a sog] wun't fight1 on'y jes' :ile
 he draws 8    ,pay d[n on ! nail1 = !  
be/ ( all causes1    ',?\t ask9' to "k  
wut ! qu>rel's ab\t1--    ,an' once come
 to !t1 :y1 our game is play$ out4      
,x's ez true ez ?\gh ,i %\ldn't nev] hev
 said x    ,!t a hit* hez took place 9  
our sy/em o' cr$it2    ,i swe> x's all  
"r 9 my spee*es an' messiges1    ,b !r' 
's idees afloat1 ez !r' is ab\t         
sessiges3    ,folks wun't take a bond ez
 a basis to trade on1    ,)\t nos9' r\nd
 to f9d out wut x's made on1    ,an' !  
?\ght m an' m ?ru ! public m9' crosses  
,!t our ,tre%ry hez gut 'mos' too _m    
dead hosses4    ,wut's call$ cr$it1 y   
see1 is "s l a balloon1    ,!t looks    
:ile x's up 'mo/ ez h>nsome 'z a moon1  
,b once git a leak 9 't an' wut look$ s 
gr&    ,caves righ' d[n 9 a jiffy ez    

flat ez y\r h&4    ,n[ ! _w is a dreffle
 mean place1 = our s9s1    ,:]e !r'     
ollus is critt]s ab\t ) long p9s        
,a-prick9' ! globes we've bl[cd up ) se*
 c>e1    ,an' prov9' !r' 's no?9' inside
 b bad air3    ,!y're all ,/u>t         
,millses1 poor-:ite tra%1 an' sneaks1   
,)\t no m *ivv]lry 'n ,*octaws or       
,creeks1    ,:o ?9k a real g5nleman's   
promise to pay    ,is meant to be took 9
 trade's orn]y way3    ,!m fell]s an' ,i
 c\ldn' nev] agree2    ,!y're ! nat]al  
foes o' ! ,s\?un ,idee2    ,i'd gladly  
take all ( our o!r resks on me    ,to be
 r$ o' ?is l[-liv$ politikle 'con'my6   
,n[ a da/>dly notion is gitt9' ab\t     
,!t our bladd] is bu/ an' ! gas ooz9'   
out1    ,an' onless we c m5nage 9 "s way
 to /op x1    ,:y1 ! ?+'s a gone coon1  
an' we might ez wal drop x4    ,brag    
works wal at fu/1 b x a9't jes' ! ?+    
,= a /iddy inves'm5t ! %9]s to br+1     
,an' vot9' we're prosp'r\s a hundr$     
times ov]    ,wun't *ange be9' />v$ into
 liv9' on clov]4    ,manassas done      

sun?9' t['rds draw9' ! wool    ,o'er !  
gre51 anti-slav]y eyes o' ,john ,bull3  
,oh1 w>n't x a gods5d1 jes' :5 se* tight
 fixes    ,wuz cr[d9' u m\rn]s1 to ?r[  
d\ble-sixes6    ,i wuz tempt$ to ?9k1   
an' x wuzn't no wond]1    ,!r' wuz      
reelly a ,provid5ce1--ov] or "u1--      
,:51 all pack$ = ,na%ville1 ,i fu/      
asc]ta9$    ,f ! pap]s up ,nor? wut a   
victory we'd ga9$1    ',t wuz ! "t =    
diffus9' correc' views abroad    ,( our 
union an' /r5g? an' rely9' on ,god2     
,an'1 fact1 :5 ,i'd gut ?ru my fu/ big  
surprise1    ,i mu* ez half b'liev$ 9 my
 own talle/ lies1    ,an' convey$ ! idee
 !t ! :ole ,s\?un popp]lace    ,wuz     
,sp>tans all on ! ke5 jump =            
,!rmopp]lies1    ,!t set on !           
,l9colnites' bombs till !y bu/1    ,an' 
fight = ! priv'lege o' dy9' ! fu/2    ,b
 ,roanoke1 ,bu=t1 ,millspr+1 an' ! re/  
,( our rec5t />n-=emo/ successes out    
,we/1    ,ha9't left u a foot = our     
swell9' to /& on1--      ,we've %[$ too 
mu* o' wut ,bureg>d calls ab&on1    ,=  

all our ,!rmopp]lies 7an' x's a m>cy    
,we ha9't h$ no m7 hev b5 clean         
vicy-v>sy1    ,an' wut ,sp>tans wuz lef'
 :5 ! battle wuz done    ,wuz !m !t wuz 
too unambiti\s to run4      ,oh1 ef we  
h$ on'y jes' gut ,reecognition1    ,?+s 
n[ w\ld ha' b5 9 a diff]5t position6    
,y'd ha' h$ all y want$3 ! pap] blockade
    ,sma%$ up into too?picks1--unlimit$ 
trade    ,9 ! "o ?+ !t's ne$fle1 till   
nigg]s1 ,i sw[1    ,h$ b5 ?ick] 'n      
provisional %9pla/]s n[1--    ,qu99e by 
! ton 'g9/ ! %akes :5 !y seize ye1--    
,nice pap] to co9 into ,c4,s4,a4 specie2
    ,! voice ( ! driv]'d be he]d 9 our  
l&1    ,an' ! univ>se scr+e1 ef we lift$
 our h&3    ,w\ldn't !t be "s l a       
fulfill9' ! prophecies1    ,) all ! fus'
 fem'lies 9 all ! be/ (fices8    ',t wuz
 a beautiful dream1 an' all sorr] is    
idle1--    ,b ef ,l9coln w\ld ha' hang$ 
,mason an' ,slidell6    ,!y a9't o' no  
good 9 ,european pellices1    ,b ?9k wut
 a help !y'd ha' b5 on _! gall[ses6     
,!y'd ha' felt !y wuz truly fulfill9' _!

 mission1    ,an'1 oh1 h[ dog-*eap we'd 
ha' gut ,reecognition6      ,b someh[   
ano!r1 wutev] we've tri$1    ,?\gh !    
!'ry's fu/-rate1 ! facs wun't co9cide3  
,facs are contr>y 'z mules1 an' ez h>d 9
 ! m\?1    ,an' !y allus hev %[$ a mean 
spite to ! ,s\?4    ,se* be9' ! case1 we
 h$ be/ look ab\t    ,= "s k9' o' way to
 slip our necks out3    ,le''s vote our 
las' doll>1 ef "o c be f\nd1    7,an'1  
at any rate1 vot9' x hez a good s\nd17--
    ,le''s swe> !t to arms all our p is 
fly9'1    7,! critt]s c't read1 an'     
wun't "k h[ we're ly9'17--    ,!t       
,toombs is advanc9' to sack ,c9c9nat]1  
,) a rov9' commission to pillage an'    
sl>t]1--    ,!t we've ?r[$ to ! w9ds all
 reg>d = wut's lawfle1    ,an' gone 9 = 
sun?9' promiscu'sly awfle4    ,ye see1  
hi!rto1 x's our own knaves an' fools    
,!t we've us$1--^? = :et/ones1 an't'    
o!rs ez tools1--    ,an' n[ our las'    
*ance is 9 putt9' to te/    ,! same k9' 
o' cattle up ,nor? an' out ,we/4        
,i----,b1 ,g5nlem51 "h's a despat* jes' 

come 9    ,:i* %[s !t ! tide's begun    
turn9' ag91--    ,gret ,cornf$rit       
success6 ,c'lumbus eevacooat$6    ,i    
mus' run d[n an' hev ! ?+ prop]ly /at$1 
,an' %[ wut a triumph x is1 an' h[ lucky
    ,to f9'lly git r$ o' !t cuss$       
,k5tucky1--    ,an' h[1 s5ce ,=t        
,donelson1 w9n9' ! day    ,consi/s 9    
triumphantly gitt9' away4               
,,reviews ,,& ,,lit]>y ,,notices4       
,! ,si/]s1 ,inisfail1 & o!r ,poems4 ,by 
,,aubrey ,,de ,,v]e4 ,london4    ,:atev]
 ,mr4 ,de ,v]e writes is welcom$ by a   
select audi5ce4 ,n tak+  rank among !   
great ma/]s ( ,engli% poetry1 he yet    
possesses a  g5u9e poetic faculty :i*   
di/+ui%es him f ! small h>p]s  ) _!     
glees :o c\nt]feit ! true gift (        
,nature4 ,9 ref9$  & delicate           
s5sibility1 9 purity ( feel+1 9         
elevation ( tone1  !re is no ,engli%    
writ] ( v]se at ! pres5t day :o         
surpasses  him4 ,! f9e in/9ct ( a poet  
is unit$ 9 him ) ! cultivat$  ta/e ( a  
s*ol>4 ,!re is no?+ =c$ or spasmodic 9 8

 v]se2  x is ! true expression ( "*     
discipl9$ by ?\ght & /udy1  ( fancy     
quick5$ by ready sympa?ies1 ( feel+     
deep5$ & calm$  by fai?4 ,z is ! case ) 
mo/ ,engli% poets s9ce ,wordswor?1 he   
inve/s ! impressions receiv$ f ! v>i\s  
aspects ( ,nature )  moral associations1
 & ) f9e spiritual insight he seeks out 
!  inn] mean+ ( ! ext]nal life ( ! e>?4 
,no "o describes m  tru?fully ?an he ^? 
transi5t beauties ( ,nature :i* 9 _!    
briefness & _! exquisite v>iety ( *ange 
elude ! co>se grasp  ( ! common obs]v]1 
& too frequ5tly pass half unnotic$ &    
unfelt ev5 by ^? ^: temp]am5t is        
susceptive ( _! inspir+  influ5ces1 b ^:
 ?\ghts are occupi$ ) ! c>es & bus9ess  
( liv+4 ,b x is especially z ! poet (   
,irel&1 & ( ! ,roman  ,*ur*1 t ,mr4 ,de 
,v]e pres5ts himself to u 9 ?is la/     
volume2  & :ile1 consequ5tly1 ! subject 
& treatm5t ( _m ( ! poems  conta9$ 9 x  
give to !m a special r ?an a univ]sal   
int]e/1  ! patriotic _s & ! f]vor ( fai?
 manife/ 9 !m appeal  p[]fully to !     

sympa?ies ( read]s 9 o!r c\ntries & (   
o!r  cre$s4 ',inisfail' may be reg>d$ z 
a sort ( ,national ,*ronicle1  ca/ 9 a  
=m p>tly lyrical1 p>tly n>rative4444    
,its aim is to record  ! pa/ alone1 & t 
*iefly z its *ances might h be5 sung by 
^? old b>ds1 :o1 consci\sly or          
unconsci\sly1 utt]$ ! voice  :i* comes f
 a p's he>t4 ,9 ?is attempt ,mr4 ,de    
,v]e has _h  an uncommon measure (      
success4 ,! /r+s ( ! ,iri% h>p s\nd )  !
 cad5ces ( fitt+ h>monies "u 8 h&1 z he 
s+s ( !  sorr[s & ! joys ( ,irel&1 ( !  
wild /orms & ! r>e  sun%9e ( h] pa!tic  
hi/ory1--z he d5\nces v5geance on h]    
oppressors1 or blesses ! sa9ts & ! h]oes
 :o h made ! l&  de> & beautiful to its 
*ildr54 ,! key-note ( ! s]ies ( poems   
:i* =m ?is poetic *ronicle is /ruck 9 ! 
f9e v]ses ) :i*  x beg9s1 entitl$       
,hi/ory1 & ( :i* our space all[s u to   
quote  b ! op5+ /anza3--      ,at my    
casem5t ,i sat by night1 :ile ! w9d f>  
(f 9 d>k valleys    ,volum9\s ga!r$ &   
grew1 & wax+ swell$ to a gale2    ,an   

h\r ,i he>d x1 or m1 ere yet x sobb$ on 
my lattice3    ,f> (f1 't 0 a ,p's moan2
 h>d by1 b a wid['s wail4    ,atoms we  
are1 we m53 ( ! myriad sorr[ ar\nd u    
,our littl5ess little grasps2 & ! selfi%
 9 t h no "p3    ,yet "t ) ! measureless
 *a9 ( a _w-wide m\rn+ ha?       w\nd u2
    ,hi/ory b c\nts ! drops z !y fall f 
a ,nation's he>t4    ,"o ( ! mo/ vigor\s
 poems 9 ! volume is t call$ ,! ,b>d    
,e!ll1 & :i* repres5ts ?is b>d ( !      
?irte5? c5tury  tell+ 9 8 old age (     
himself & 8 c\ntry1 ( 8 memories1 &  ( !
 wrongs t he & 8 l& _h alike suff]$3--  
,i am ,e!ll1 ! son ( ,conn2      ,"h ,i 
live at ! foot ( ! hill2    ,i am       
clansman to ,brian1 & s]vant to none2   
,:om ,i hat$1 ,i hate2 :om ,i lov$1 love
 /ill4    ,"h is a passage f ne> ! end (
 ?is poem3--      ,ah me1 t man :o is   
made ( du/      ,%\ld h pride t[>d ,god6
 ',t is an angel's s96    ,i h (t5 fe>$ 
le/ ,god1 ! ,all-,j1      ,%\ld b5d f   
heav5 & sweep e>? clean1    ,%\ld sweep 
u all into corn]s & holes1    ,l du/ ( !

 h\se-floor1 bo? bodies &      s\ls2    
,i h (t5 fe>$ ,he w\ld s5d "s      w9d  
,9 wra?1 & ! nation wake up /one-bl9d6  
,9 age or y\? we h all wr\ght ill4    ,b
 a l>ge "p ( ! volume be=e u is made up 
( poems t d n  belong to ?is ,iri%      
s]ies1 & ! read]s ( ! ,atlantic w f9d  9
 x sev]al pieces :i* !y w recognize )   
pleasure z hav+  fir/ appe>$ 9 our own  
pages1 & :i*1 once read1 7 n to be      
readily =gott54 ,mr4 ,de ,v]e has       
express$ 9 sev]al passages 8  w>m       
sympa?y 9 our national affairs1 & 8 cle>
 appreciation (  ! great cause1 s little
 und]/ood abroad1 :i* we ( ! ,nor? are  
engag$ 9 uphold+ & ma9ta9+4 ,& al?\gh 9 
^! days ( w>  !re is little read+ (     
poetry1 & little *ance t ?is volume  w  
f9d ! welcome x des]ves & w\ld receive 9
 quiet] times 9  ,am]ica1 we yet tru/ t 
x w meet ) wor?y read]s among ^?  :o    
possess _! s\ls 9 quietness 9 ! mid/ ( !
 noise ( arms1  & to su* we he>tily     
comm5d x4      ,a ,book ab\t ,doctors4  
,by ,j4 ,,cordy ,,jeaffreson1 ,au?or (  

,novels &  ,noveli/s1 ,crewe ,else1     
etc41 etc4 ,new ,york3 ,rudd  ,c>leton4 
#abmo4    ,mr4 ,jeaffreson is n usually 
ei!r a brilliant or a s5sible man )  p5 
9 h&1 albeit he dates f ,rolls ,*amb]s1 
,*anc]y ,lane4 ,he is  apt to select sl[
 coa*es1 :5ev] he attempts a ride4 ,8   
,novels  & ,noveli/s is a sad move 9 !  
deadly lively direction1 & 8  ,crewe    
,rise has n ris5 to mu* di/9ction among 
! read+ crew4  ,9 ^? volumes ( dep>t$   
rubbi% he s9ks v l[1 :5ev] he  essays to
 m\nt2 b 8 dulness is innoxi\s1 = few   
!re be :o c  say1 ,we h read him4 ,8    
,book ab\t ,doctors is ! be/ lit]>y     
v5ture he has yet made4 ,x is n a dull  
volume4 ,! anecdotes s  indu/ri\sly     
collect$ keep att5tion al]t1 & "o feels 
incl9$ to  applaud ,mr4 ,jeaffreson z ! 
leaves ( 8 book are turn$4    ,ev]y?+   
ab\t ,doctors is int]e/+4 ,"h are a few 
,bible v]ses  :i* x w d no h>m to quote 
9 connection ) ,mr4 ,jeaffreson's       
volume3--      ,honor a physician ) !   
honor due    unto him = ! uses :i* y h  

made    ( him3 = ! ,"l ha? creat$ him4  
,= ( ! ,mo/ ,high come? heal+1 &    he  
%all receive honor ( ! k+4      ,! skill
 ( ! physician %all lift up 8    head2 &
 9 ! sight ( great m5 he %all    be 9   
admiration4      ,! ,"l ha? creat$      
m$ic9es out (    ! e>?2 & he t is wise w
 n abhor    !m4    ,x 0 no unwise ?+ 9  
,mr4 ,jeaffreson to br+ s _m noble m5   
toge!r1 z x 7 into "o family4 ,:at names
 embalm$ "o meets  ) 9 ! collection6 ,"h
 are ,syd5ham1 ,goldsmi?1 ,smollett1    
,sir  ,?omas ,br[ne1 & a gold5 l9e ( o!r
 ,doctors1 ne>ly all !  way d[n to our  
own "t4 7,our well-belov$ ,m4,d4 ,mon?ly
 ,diamond  contributor is too "y to be  
includ$47 ,keats is among ! wor?ies1    
al?\gh he got no f>!r into ! my/]ies ?an
 ! apo!c>y's  c\nt]4 ,meet+ ) ?is       
int]e/+ s]ies ( spl5did m$ic9e-m5  leads
 u to muse a good deal ab\t ! ,faculty1 
& to re-read sev]al  good anecdotes ab\t
 ! great symptom-wat*]s ( ! pa/ & !     
pres5t day4    ,:5 ,sir ,ri*>d          
,blackmore ask$ ! great ,syd5ham1 ,pr9ce

 ( ,engli%  physicians1 :at he w\ld     
advise him = m$ical read+1 he is said to
  h repli$1 ,read ,don ,quixote1 ,sir4  
,s5sible & witty old man6    ,we are    
/ruck ) ! *e]ful "* ( ne>ly all !       
,m4,d4s  m5tion$ 9 ! volume1 & are      
con/antly rem9d$ ( ! advice we  once    
read ( an old ,doctor to a "y           
"o3--,moreov]1 let me tell y1  my "y    
doctor fri5d1 t a *e]ful face1 & /ep1 & 
neckclo?1  & button-hole1 & an          
occasional he>ty & k9dly joke1 a p[] (  
execut+ & sett+ a-go+ a good laugh1 are 
/ock 9 our trade n  to be despis$4    ,i
 may give an in/ance1 says ! same       
good-natur$ physician1 :5  a joke 0 m & 
bett] ?an itself4 ,a comely "y wife1 !  
'cynosure' ( h] circle1 0 9 b$1 app>5tly
 dy+ f swell+ &  inflammation ( ! ?roat1
 an inaccessible abscess /opp+ ! way2   
%e c\ld swall[ no?+2 ev]y?+ _h be5 tri$4
 ,h] fri5ds 7  /&+ r\nd ! b$ 9 mis]y &  
helplessness4 ',try h] wi' a            
complim5t1' said h] husb&1 9 a n uncomic
 despair4 ,%e _h  g5u9e humor1 z well z 

he2 & an physiologi/s "k1 !re is a sort 
( m5tal tickl+ :i* is beyond & above    
control1 be+ "u !  reflex sy/em1 &      
in/9ctive z well z sigh+4 ,%e laugh$ )  
h]  :ole body1 & bur/ ! abscess1 & 0    
well4    ,mr4 ,jeaffreson's book might  
be bett]1 b x might be worse4 ,we _c    
=give him = 8 ,novels & ,noveli/s & 8   
,crewe ,rise1 two  works :i* g f> to    
prove _! au?or a p]son ( indefatigable  
incoh]5cy2 b we ?ank him = ! indu/ry :i*
 br\ght toge!r s  mu* t is v readable   
ab\t ,doctors4      ,john ,br5t4 ,by    
,,!odore ,,w9?rop1 ,au?or ( ,cecil      
,dreeme4 ,bo/on3  ,ticknor  ,fields4    
#afmo4    ,x is probable t we h n yet   
completely appreciat$ ! value  ( !      
bright & noble life :i* a wret*$ ,rebel 
%>p-%oot]  ext+ui%$ 9 ! disa/r\s fight (
 ,great ,be!l4 ,john ,br5t is  a book   
:i* gives u important aid 9 ! attempt to
 =m an adequate  conception ( ,w9?rop's 
"*4 ,its vivid pages %9e ?r\gh\t  ) !   
au?or's brave & t5d] _s4 ,cecil ,dreeme 
0 an  embodim5t ( 8 ?\ghts1 obs]vations1

 & imag9ations2 ,john ,br5t  %[s u !    
inbr$ poetry & romance ( ! man 9 ! gr&] 
=m (  action4 ,! sc5e is plac$ 9 ! wild 
,we/]n pla9s ( ,am]ica1 among  m5       
entirely free f ! re/ra9ts ( conv5tional
 life2 & !  book has a buoyancy & brisk 
vitality1 a da%+1 d>+1 & jubilant       
vigor1 su* z we are n accu/om$ to 9     
ord9>y romances ( ,am]ican  life4 ,sir  
,philip ,sidney is ! type ( !           
,anglo-,saxon h]o2 b we  ?9k t ,w9?rop 0
 fully 8 mat* 9 delicacy & intrepidity1 
9  manly c\rage1 & 9 sweet1 in/9ctive   
t5d]ness4 ,z to /yle1 !  ,am]ican f>    
exce$s ! ,engli%man4 ,a c]ta9           
conv5tional artifice &  da9ty           
affectation cl\d$ ! cle> & beautiful    
nature ( ,sidney1  :5 he wrote4 ,!      
elaborate embroid]y ( ?\ght1 ! /iff &   
cumbr\s ,elizabe?an dress ( language1 ) 
all its ruffles &  laces1 make !        
,arcadia an imp]fect expon5t ( ,sidney's
 nature4  ,8 int5se ?\ghts1 delicate    
emotions1 & burn+ passions are half     
conceal$ 9 ! =m he adopts = _!          

expression4 ,b ,w9?rop is z  fre%1      
natural1 /rong1 & direct 9 8 language z 
9 8 life4  ,he us$ words1 n = ornam5t1 b
 = expression4 ,e phrase is  /amp$ by a 
die suppli$ by reflection or feel+1 & n 
a p>agraph  9 ,john ,br5t diff]s 9 _s f 
! practical h]oism :i* urg$  ! au?or to 
expose himself to c]ta9 dea? at ,great  
,be!l4 ,!  cond5s$1 lucid1 picturesque1 
& %>p-cut s5t5ces1 flood$ )  w1 %[ !    
nature ( ! man1--a man :o ann\nc$ no    
s5tim5ts &  pr9ciples he 0 n will+ to   
sacrifice himself to dissem9ate or      
def5d4 ,a liv+ en]gy ( s\l gl[s ov] !   
:ole book1--swift1  fi]y1 brave1        
:olesome1 s9c]e1 impati5t ( all physical
 ob/acles to  ! op]ation ( ?\ght &      
affection1 & eag] to make /ubborn facts 
yield to ! impati5t pressure ( spiritual
 purpose4    ,we _c say mu* 9 praise ( !
 plot ( ,john ,br5t1 b x at  lea/       
enables ! au?or to supply a good        
framework = 8 incid5ts1  descriptions1 &
 *>act]s4 ,! plot is bas$ r on          
possibilities  ?an probabilities2 b ! m5

 & wom5 he depicts are ?or\ghly         
natural4 ,x w\ld be difficult to po9t to
 any o!r ,am]ican novel  :i* furni%es   
incid5ts t c comp>e 9 vigor & vividness 
) "s ( ! incid5ts 9 ?is romance4 ,! ride
 to rescue ,hel5  ,cli!roe f h]         
kidnapp]s is a ma/]piece1 wor?y to rank 
) !  f9e/ passages ( ,coop] or ,scott4  
,! fi]ce1 swift black /allion1  ,don    
,fulano1 a horse sup]ior to any :i*     
,hom] has immortaliz$1 is  almo/ ! h]o (
 ! romance4 ,t ,w9?rop1 ) all 8 sympa?y 
) ! advanc$ ideas & s5tim5ts ( ! re=m]s 
&  philan?ropi/s ( ! "t1 0 n a m]e      
prattl+ & scribbl+  s5tim5tali/1 is     
prov$ by 8 glori\s idealization ( ?is   
magnific5t horse4 ,he raises ! bea/ into
 a moral & intellectual  sympa?y ) 8    
human rid]1 & !re is a poetic ju/ice 9  
mak+  him die at la/ 9 an attempt to    
fur!r ! escape ( a fugitive slave4    ,!
 *>act]ization ( ! book is orig9al4     
,g]rian1 ,jake ,%amb]la91  ,arm/rong1   
,sizzum1 ! ,mormon prea*]1 are          
absolutely new creations4  ,hugh        

,cli!roe may sugge/ ,dick5s's ,skimpole 
& ,haw?orne's ,clif=d1  b ! "* is       
develop$ "u entirely new circum/ances4  
,z =  ,wade & ,br5t1 !y are p]sons :om  
we all recognize z ! old h]oes  (       
romance1 ?\gh ! conditions "u :i* !y act
 are *ang$4  ,hel51 ! h]o9e ( ! /ory1 is
 a m puzzl+ "* to !  critic2 b1 on !    
:ole1 we are b\nd to say t %e is a new  
developm5t ( womanhood4 ,! au?or exhau/s
 all ! res\rces ( 8  g5ius 9 giv+ a     
local habitation & a "n to ?is fond     
creation  ( 8 imag9ation1 & he has      
succe$$4 ,hel5 ,cli!roe promises to be  
"o ( ^? be+s ( ! m9d :i* w he p]man5tly 
rememb]$4    ,h]oism1 active or passive1
 is ! lesson taught by ?is romance1 &   
we "k t ! au?or1 9 8 life1 illu/rat$ bo?
 phases ( !  quality4 ,8 novels1 :i*1 :5
 he 0 alive1 ! booksell]s refus$  to    
publi%1 are n[ pass+ ?r\gh _! t5? &     
twelf? editions4  ,ev]ybody reads ,cecil
 ,dreeme & ,john ,br5t1 & ev]ybody mu/  
cat* a m or less vivid glimpse ( ! noble
 nature ( _! au?or4  ,b ^! books give b 

an imp]fect expression ( ! s\l ( ,!odore
  ,w9?rop4 ,!y h great m]its1 b !y are  
/ill r promises  ?an p]=mances4 ,!y h9t 
( a g5ius :i* 0 d5i$ full  developm5t4  
,! "*1 h[ev]1 f :i* !y d]ive _!         
vitality & _! p[] to please1 %9es       
/eadily ?r\gh all !  imp]fections ( plot
 & con/ruction4 ,! noveli/1 aft] all1   
only  sugge/s ! p[] & beauty ( ! man2 & 
! man1 ?\gh dead1 w  keep ! novels      
alive4 ,?r\gh !m we c commune ) a r>e & 
noble  _s1 call$ away f e>? be=e all its
 capacities ( inv5tion  & action 7      
develop$1 b /ill leav+ brilliant traces 
9  lit]ature ( ! p[]s x 0 d5i$ !        
opportunity adequately to  unfold4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,,=eign ,,lit]ature4      ,to keep pace 
) ! productions ( =eign lit]ature is a  
task beyond  ! possibilities ( any      
read]4 ,! bibliographical j\rnals (     
,france1  ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ,spa9      
weekly pres5t su* copi\s li/s ( new     
works1 t a m]e m5tion ( only ! pr9cipal 
ones w\ld f> exce$  ! limits we h       

propos$ to ourselves4 ,h[ev]1 f ! *aos (
  contempor>y productions x is our      
int5tion to sift1 z f> z lies 9  our    
p[]1 su* works z may ) ju/ice be /yl$   
repres5tative (  ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y are  
produc$4 ,rang+ 9 ?is introductory      
article ?r\gh ! ye> #ahfa1 we %all limit
 ourselves to a few ( !  contributions  
^u ,fr5* lit]>y hi/ory4    ,no bran* (  
lett]s is ri*] at ! pres5t "t ?an t 9   
:i*  ! writ]1 lay+ aside all ?\ght (    
direct creativ5ess1 conf9es  himself to 
! criticism ( ! works ( ! pa/ or pres5t1
 analyz+  & /udy+ ! influ5ces t h be5   
br\ght to he> ^u !  poet1 hi/orian1 or  
noveli/1 anatomiz+ lit]ature & resolv+ x
  into its elem5ts1 po9t+ out ! action  
ex]cis$ ^u ?\ght &  expression by ! age1
 & seek+ ! effects ( ^! ^u society  &   
politics z well z ^u ! g5]al ta/es &    
moral be+ ( a  g5]ation4 ,me?ods ( writ+
 are n[ discuss$ r ?an put 9  practice4 
,we are 9 a transition age m ?an        
politically4 ,creative  g5ius seems to  
be re/+ = m m>k$ & p]man5t *annels to be

  =m$2 s t1 ?\gh e ye> gives bir? to    
numb]less works 9  e bran* ( art1       
orig9al production is r>] ?an !         
activity1 !  re/lessness ( ! "t might   
lead u to expect4    ,9 no c\ntry has   
lit]>y criticism m life ?an 9 ,france4  
,x  engages ! att5tion ( ! be/ m9ds4 ,no
 writ]1 :atev] be 8  speciality1 ?9ks x 
d]ogatory to give long & elaborate      
notices  9 ! daily press ( new books or 
new editions ( old books4 ,?us1         
,sa9te-,beuve 9 ! ,moniteur1 ,de ,sacy1 
,sa9t-,m>c ,gir>d91 ,phil>te  ,*asles1  
,prvo/-,p>adol 9 ! ,j\rnal des ,dbats1 n
 to m5tion !  num]\s writ]s ( ! ,revue  
des ,deux ,mondes1 ! ,europenne1 &  !   
,nationale1 vie ) ea* o!r 9 extract+ f  
all t appe>s  :at is mo/ acceptable to !
 g5]al read]4    ,m4 ,sa9te-,beuve may  
be tak5 z a type ( ! av[$ly pr(essional 
critic4 ,:atev] he may accompli% z !    
hi/orian ( ,port-,royal1 x is  to 8     
weekly articles1 in=mal & disconnect$ z 
!y are1 t he  owes 8 high rank among    
,fr5* au?ors4 ,^! ,caus]ies du ,lundi h 

n[ rea*$ ! f\rte5? volume4,a ,9 ! la/ we
 f9d ! same easy  admiration1 facility (
 approbation1 & suppl5ess t enable him  
to  praise ! ,fanny ( ,feydeau1 call+ x 
a poem1 & on ! next page  to d ju/ice to
 ! la/ volume ( ,?i]s's ,consulate &    
,empire1  or to ! rec5t publication ( ! 
,correspond5ce ( ,buffon4 ,! mo/        
important articles 9 ! volume are ^? on 
,vauv5>gues1 on ! ,abb  de ,m>olles1 &  
on ,bon/ett54    ,footnote ,a3 ,caus]ies
 du ,lundi4 ,p> ,c4,a4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 de
 l',acadmie  ,franaise4 ,tome           
,quatorzime4 ,p>is3 ,g>ni] ,frres4      
#abmo4 pp4 #dhj4    ,( q a diff]5t s*ool
 is ,m4 ,arm& de ,pontm>t91 :o1 "u !    
titles ( ,caus]ies du ,sam$i1 ,caus]ies 
,littraires1 etc41 has  n[ issu$ ov] a  
doz5 volumes t\*+ on all po9ts (        
contempor>y  lett]s1 (t5 v sev]e 9 _!   
/rictures4 ,! la/1 ,les ,sema9es        
,littraires1,b conta9s notices ( late   
works by ,c\s91 ,ab\t1  ,qu9et1         
,laprade1 & o!rs1 & concludes ) an      
article on ,scribe4  ,pontm>l9 repres5ts

 ! ,ca?olic s5tim5t 9 lit]ature4 ,he    
measures  ev]y?+ z x agrees or disagrees
 ) ,legitimacy & ,ultramontanism4  ,8   
works are a cont9ual def5ce ( ! ,b\rbons
 & ! ,pope4 ,mod]n  democracy he _c     
p>don4 ,)\t seek+ to d5y ! excesses &   
%ortcom+s ( 8 own p>ty1 he f9ds an      
explanation = all 9 !  levell+ t5d5cies 
( ! age4 ,he _c be too sev]e on ! fir/  
,fr5* ,revolution & its results4 ,9     
lett]s1 he tells u1 x has  l$ to        
mat]ialism & an>*y1 :ile ! ,b\rbons     
p]sonify = ,france  peace1 glory1 etc4  
,footnote ,b3 ,les ,sema9es ,littraires4
 ,troisime ,srie des ,caus]ies          
,littraires4 ,p> ,arm& de ,pontm>t94    
,p>is3 ,mi*el ,lvy ,frres4 #abmo4  pp4  
#cfd4    ,pontm>t9 is an able           
repres5tative ( ! side he has tak54 ,he 
believes 9 & ably def5ds ^? h]oes (     
lit]ature s well  *>act]iz$ z ,prophets 
( ! ,pa/1 ,*ateaubri&1 ,de ,bonald1  &  
,j4 de ,mai/re4 ,8 special objects (    
antipa?y are writ]s  l ,mi*elet &       
,qu9et1 pamphlete]s l ,ab\t1 & critics l

  ,sa9te-,beuve4    ,! la/ he _c p>don =
 8 "w on ,*ateaubri&1,c publi%$ 9  !    
e>ly "p ( ! ye> #ahfa4 ,! "t is pa/ =   
giv+ a full]  acc\nt ( ?is rem>kable    
production ( ! hi/orian ( ,port-,royal4 
,suffice x to say1 t1 ?\gh x deals 9 v  
small criticism inde$1  ?\gh its au?or  
seems to h made x 8 task to sum up all !
  weaknesses ( "o ! pre/ige ( ^: "n     
fills1 9 ,france at lea/1  ! fir/ half (
 ?is c5tury1 yet !re exi/s no m valuable
  contribution to ! hi/ory ( lit]ature  
"u ! fir/ ,empire4 ,x has  be5 call$ a  
"w no "o w\ld wi% to h writt51 yet :i*  
is read  by all ) exquisite pleasure4   
,no?+ c\ld be tru]4    ,footnote ,c3    
,*ateaubri& et son ,gr\pe ,littraire s\s
 l',empire4  ,c\rs pr(ess  ,lige en     
#ahdh-ahdi1 p> ,c4,a4 ,sa9te-,beuve1 de 
l',acadmie ,franaise4 ,p>is3 ,g>ni]     
,frres4 #b vols4 #hvo4 pp4 #daj1 #deg4  
,*ateaubri& & 8 ,lit]>y ,gr\p "u !      
,empire is a c\rse  ( tw5ty-"o lectures 
deliv]$ by ,sa9te-,beuve at ,lige1 :i!r 
he  repair$ soon aft] ! ,revolution (   

#ahdh broke out 9 ,p>is4 ,fragm5ts  ( ! 
"w appe>$ 9 ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 
among o!rs !  pap] on ,*n$oll1 :i* =ms !
 mo/ int]e/+ portion ( !  second        
division4 ,9 ?is are to be f\nd sev]al  
orig9al lett]s1 n[  publi%$ = ! fir/ "t1
 ca/+ mu* new light on ! life ( t       
un=tunate poet4    ,( m g5]al int]e/1   
h[ev]1 are ! pages on ,*ateaubri&       
himself4 ,x 0 ! fate ( ?is writ] to be  
flatt]$ beyond measure  9 8 lifetime1 & 
n[ come ! fir/ judgm5ts ( po/]ity1 :i*  
deals ) him no less h>%ly ?an x has     
already begun to deal  ) ano!r idol ( ! 
,fr5* p1 ,brang]4 ,sa9te-,beuve has     
con/itut$ himself judge1 rev]s+ ev5 8   
own adulatory articles1  z !y may be    
read 9 ! e>li] volumes ( ! ,caus]ies4 ,x
 is at  be/ an ungrateful task to       
dissect a reputation 9 ! way 9 :i* we   
f9d x done 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,x mu/ seem   
/range to _m a read]  t ! v man :o 9    
e>ly life c\ld utt] su* sweet flatt]y1  
:o  long 0 ! =emo/ to be> inc5se1 %\ld  
n[ consid] x 8 duty  to seek ! foot (   

clay b5ea? ! spl5did drap]y1 & to       
replace  ab\t ! /atue ! aromas ( !      
sanctu>y by ! p]fumes ( !  b\doir4 ,9   
spite ( ?is1 ,*ateaubri& & 8 ,lit]>y    
,gr\p mu/  be rank$ among ! mo/         
rem>kable ( lit]>y biographies4 ,"h !   
critic gives full scope to 8 incl9ation 
= m9ute analysis2 !  hi/ory ( ! au?or ( 
,r5 expla9s 8 works1 & ^! 9 turn  are   
made to tell 8 life1--t life s full (   
love ( effect1 &  con/ant pa9/ak+ to    
seem r ?an to be4 ,ev5 9 8 religi\s     
s5tim5ts ! au?or ( ! ,g5ius (           
,*ri/ianity appe>s lukew>m1  n to say m4
    ,9 compreh5sive works on lit]>y     
hi/ory ,france is f> f be+  z ri* z     
,g]many4 ,beyond ! native lit]ature     
little has be5  accompli%$2 & ev5 9 ?is1
 works ( importance may be c\nt$ on  !  
f+]s4 ,! pa/ ye> saw ! conclusion (     
,nis>d's "w1 ! mo/  compreh5sive hi/ory 
( ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,! f\r? volume,d is  
devot$ to ! eighte5? c5tury1 & concludes
 ) a few g5]al  *apt]s on ! n9ete5?4    
,footnote ,d3 ,hi/oire de la ,lit]ature 

,franaise4 ,p> ,d4 ,nis>d1 de           
l',acadmie ,franaise1 ,inspecteur-,gnral
 de l',enseignem5t ,suprieur4  ,tome    
,quatrime1 ,p>is3 ,firm9 ,didot ,frres1 
,fils1 et ,cie4 #hvo4 pp4 #ehd4    ,! "w
 ( ,m4 ,g]usez1 ,hi/ory ( ,fr5*         
,lit]ature f its ,orig9 to  !           
,devolution1,e al?\gh x _h ! honor ( be+
 consid]$ wor?y  ( ! prix ,gob]t by !   
,fr5* ,academy1 is f> f satisfy+ !      
requirem5ts ( g5]al lit]>y hi/ory4 ,x   
may r be consid]$  a sy/ematic s]ies (  
essays1 beg9n+ ) ! ,*ansons de ,ge/e1   
analyz+ sev]al poems ( ! cycle (        
,*>lemagne1 & foll[$ by  successive     
indep5d5t *apt]s on ! ,middle ,ages1 !  
revival (  lett]s1 & mod]n times d[n to 
! ,revolution4 ,x w be rememb]$  t 9    
#ahei ,m4 ,g]usez publi%$ a ,hi/ory (   
,lit]ature dur+ !  ,fr5* ,revolution1   
#aghi-ahjj4 ,?is also obta9$ a prize f !
  ,academy1--mu* m des]v$ly1 we ?9k1 ?an
 ! la/ production1 :5  we consid] !     
int]e/ he ca/ ov] ! lit]>y ef=ts ( a    
p]iod  mu* m m>k$ by action ?an by      

arti/ic productiv5ess ( any k9d4  ,!    
,g]man writ] ,s*midt-,weisz5fels 9 !    
same ye> issu$ a "w  ) ! pret5ti\s      
title1 ,hi/ory ( !                      
,revolution-,lit]ature (  ,france4,f    
,?is is little m ?an a declamatory      
production1 want+  9 :at is mo/         
*>act]i/ic ( ! ,g]man m9d1 orig9al      
rese>*4  ,! ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( !         
,national ,conv5tion1 ,g by ,e4 ,m>on1  
is  devot$ m to politics ?an to lett]s4 
,footnote ,e3 ,hi/oire de la ,littrature
 ,franaise1 depuis ses ,orig9es  jusqu' 
la ,revolution4 ,p> ,eugne ,g]usez4     
,p>is3 ,didi] et ,cie4 #b vols4  #hvo4  
pp4 #dhh1 #ejg4    ,footnote ,f3        
,ges*i*te d] ,franzsis*5                
,revolutions-,lit]atur1  #aghi-agie4    
,von ,s*midt-,weisz5fels4 ,prague3 ,kob]
 und ,m>kgraf4 #hvo4 pp4  #cie4         
,footnote ,g3 ,hi/oire ,littraire de la 
,conv5tion ,nationale4 ,p>  ,eugne      
,m>on4 ,p>is3 ,p\let-,malassis et ,de   
,boise4 #abmo4 pp4 #cei4    ,to return  
to ! volumes ( ,m4 ,g]usez4 ,x is r a   

sign ( pov]ty  9 g5]al lit]>y hi/ory1 t 
deta*$ sket*es1 ) little  connection    
beyond _! *ronological ord]1 %\ld h be5 
deem$  wor?y ( ! prize & ! praises aw>d$
 to !m4 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh  lack+ 9           
compreh5sive views su* z we h a "r to   
expect f an  au?or :o attempts to       
portray ! rise1 gr[?1 & full expansion (
  a lit]ature1 ! "w ( ,m4 ,g]usez may be
 p]us$ ) pleasure &  pr(it by ! /ud5t4  
,x is cle> & satisfactory 9 ! details4  
,?us1 ! pages devot$ to ! writ]s ( !    
,encyclopdie1 ?\gh  few1 may vie ) any t
 h be5 writt5 to set 9 _! true light  m5
 ^: influ5ce 0 s great on ! g5]ation t  
succe$$ !m4  ,if imp>tiality consi/$ 9  
always /e]+ 9 ! ju/e-milieu1 ,m4        
,g]usez w\ld be ! mo/ imp>tial (        
hi/orians4 ,z x is1 we h to  ?ank him = 
a good book1 regrett+ only t he has gone
 no f>!r4    ,f> o!rwise is x ) ,m4     
,sa9t-,m>c ,gir>d94 ,! eloqu5t ,sorbonne
  pr(essor has se5 8 fame increase ) e  
new volume ( 8  ,c\rse ( ,dramatic      
,lit]ature4 ,we h n[ ! f\r? volume4,h ,a

  ,c\rse ( ,dramatic ,lit]ature2--x is  
m4 ,x is ! hi/ory ( !  expression (     
,passion among ! anci5ts & ! mod]ns1 by 
no means  conf9$ to ! drama4 ,! pres5t  
volume1 z well z ! ?ird1  publi%$ sev]al
 ye>s ago1 is devot$ to ! analysis (    
,love z  express$ 9 diff]5t ages & by   
diff]5t nations1 "u ! two  divisions (  
,l',am\r ,+nu & ,l',am\r ,conjugal4     
,footnote ,h3 ,c\rs de ,littrature      
,dramatique4 ,p> ,sa9t-,m>c ,gir>d91  de
 l',acadmie ,franaise1 ,pr(esseur  la   
,facult des ,lettres de ,p>is1  ,membre 
du ,conseil ,imprial de l',in/ruction   
,publique4 ,tome ,,iv4 ,p>is3  ,*>p5ti]4
    ,! fir/ he _h /udi$ 9 ! au?ors (    
antiquity 9 8 ?ird  volume1 beg9n+ 9 ?is
 ) ! episode ( ,cupid & ,psy*e 9        
,apuleius2 !n foll[+ up1 ?r\gh ! mod]ns1
 ! expression  ( ,+5u\s ,love 9         
,corneille1 ,la ,fonta9e1 ,sda9e1       
,b]n>d9 de  ,sa9t-,pi]re1 ,milton1      
,gessn]1 ,voss1 ,&r ,*ni]1 &            
,*ateaubri&4  ,= ! la/ he f9ds m blame  
?an praise4 ,inde$1 ?is  effect-seek+   

writ]1 ) all 8 g5ius1 seem$ less fitt$  
?an any  "o to express ! natural &      
spontane\s4 ,8 ,atala1 :o *>ms u s  at !
 fir/ read+1 deals 9 /udi$ emotions4 ,z 
to ,r51 8 is !  va9 s5tim5tality p>ad+  
its own impot5cy = high] feel+s1  a     
virtual boa/+ ( want ( s\l1--! sickly   
dissatisfaction (  ,w]!r1 )\t 8 passion 
= an excuse4 ,m4 ,sa9t-,m>c ,gir>d9 !n  
foll[s up 8 subject ?r\gh lat] au?ors1  
ev5 9 ,madame ,george  ,s& & 9 ,madame  
mile de ,gir>d94 ,he is p>ticul>ly sev]e
 ^u  ,lam>t9e1 t poet :o = m ?an ?irty  
ye>s seem$ be/ to  express love z our   
c5tury und]/&s x1 b :o 9 ,raphael  &    
,graziella de/roy$1 by disclos+ too mu*1
 ! p[] ( 8  ,mditations ,potiques4      
,on ,conjugal ,love ! classic models are
 fir/ consult$1--,o5one1  ,evadne1      
,m$ea1--^! *>act]s be+ foll[$ ?r\gh !   
del9eation  ( mod]n dramati/s4 ,we "k ( 
no m exquisite criticism ?an  ! pages   
devot$ to ,griseldis4 ,analyz+ ! acc\nts
 ( ,boccaccio1  ,*auc]1 & ,p]ault1 our  
au?or concludes ) ! play ( ,munck       

,bell+haus54 ,! la/ *apt]s1 on ,love &  
,duty1 are among !  mo/ eloqu5tly writt5
 9 ! volume4 ,= /yle1 ,m4 ,sa9t-,m>c    
,gir>d9  is second to no liv+ au?or (   
,france4    ,9 ?is c\rse we f9d an      
evid5t pr$ilection = ! models (         
antiquity4 ,:5 a comp>ison is in/itut$  
betwe5 ! anci5ts & !  mod]ns1 we feel   
pretty c]ta9 ( ! result be=e ! writ] has
  proce$$ v f>4 ,n t we ev] f9d a       
sy/ematic idoliz+ ( all  t is classic   
m]ely4 ,f> f x4 ,mod]n writ]s are n     
neglect$4  ,9 ?is p>ticul> a g5u9e      
s]vice is done to critical lit]ature4 ,x
  (t5 seems z if lit]>y lectur]s &      
hi/orians 7 attack$ by an  ae/hetic     
presbyopy4 ,= !m ! pres5t age nev]      
produces any?+  wor? ev5 a pass+ rem>k4 
,! ma/]pieces !y notice mu/ be old  &   
"t-honor$4 ,n s 9 ! pres5t /udies on !  
passions4 ,pons>d  f9ds 8 place side by 
side ) old] names4 ,aft] an appreciative
  notice ( ! ,lucretia ( ,livy1 we f9d a
 comm5t on ! ,lucretia :i*  may h be5   
play$ ! week be=e at ! ,?tre ,franais4  

,nor is  x a slight s]vice done to      
contempor>y lett]s1 :5 a ma/]-critic    
turns 8 ?\ghts to works :i*1 if !y d n  
hold ! fir/ rank1  yet1 by ! tal5t ( _! 
au?ors & ! nature ( _! subjects1  h     
attract$ all eyes = a "t4 ,su* are !    
writ+s ( ,madame  ,george ,s&4 ,( ^!1   
,&r1 ,la ,m>e au ,diable1 & ,la ,petite 
,fadette are review$ ) praise 9 ! "w "u 
consid]ation1 :ile  ! =ce ( criticism is
 exp5d$ on ,indiana1 ,lelia1 & ,jacques4
           99       99       99       99
       99    ,:atev] claims !           
academician ,victor de ,laprade may h to
 poetic  tal5t1 he c]ta9ly s9ks bel[    
m$iocrity :5 he attempts to  discuss !  
pr9ciples ( ! art he practises4 ,s9ce x 
has be5 8  good-=tune to be numb]$ among
 ! illu/ri\s ,=ty he has sev]al  times  
attempt$ lit]>y criticism1 b nev] s     
ext5sively z 9  8 la/ "w1 ,que/ions     
d',art et de ,morale4,i ,?is is a s]ies 
(  discursive essays1 a few ^u art 9    
g5]al1 ! great] "p1 h[ev]1  re/rict$ to 
lett]s2 ! :ole writt5 9 a poetic prose n

 )\t a  c]ta9 *>m1 b we>isome = cont9u\s
 read+4    ,footnote ,i3 ,que/ions      
d',art et de ,morale4 ,p> ,victor de    
,laprade1 de  l',acadmie ,franaise4     
,p>is3 ,didi] et ,cie4 #hvo4    ,!      
object ( ,m4 de ,laprade is to def5d :at
 he calls ,spiritualism 9  ,art4 ,he    
wages an unrel5t+ w> aga9/ ! mod]n s*ool
 ( ,realism4  ,x is n ! repres5tation ( 
visible ,nature t ! arti/ mu/  seek2 8  
aim mu/ be ! repres5tation ( !          
invisible4 ,he gr[s  eloqu5t :5 he      
develops 8 favorite !ories1 & always    
succe$s 9  int]e/+ :5 he applies !m     
successively to all ! arts4 ,z to !     
au?or's political op9ions1 he takes no  
pa9s to conceal !m4 ,8 "w  is an outcry 
aga9/ equality & univ]sal suffrage4 ,he 
traces !  apa?y ( poetic creativ5ess 9  
,france to ! sov]eignty usurp$  ev]y:]e 
by ! inf]ior elem5ts ( intellig5ce 9 !  
,/ate4 ,he  seems to ?9k1 t1 z humanity 
gr[s old]1 art falls f its div9e  ideal4
 ,( contempor>y ar*itecture1 he says t x
 c produce no?+  orig9al save railroad  

depots & cry/al palaces4 ,a glass       
ar*itecture  is ! only "o t fully       
belongs to our age4 ,music1 ! vague/ &  
mo/ s5su\s ( all ! arts1 he reg>ds z !  
art ( ! pres5t4  ,! religi\s wor%ip ( ! 
future appe>s to him a symphony ) a     
?\s& in/rum5ts execut$ "u a dome (      
glass4    ,z to ! purely lit]>y essays (
 ,m4 de ,laprade1 !y may be read bo?  ) 
m pleasure & m pr(it ?an ^? 9 :i* he    
attempts to  discuss ! pr9ciples (      
ae/hetics4 ,fr5* ,tradition 9           
,lit]ature1  & ,poetry1 & ,indu/rialism1
 are full ( sugge/ive ?\ghts1 &1  com+ 9
 ! latt] half ( ! volume1 make u =get ! 
pret5ti\s  nature ( ! fir/4           99
       99       99       99       99    
,m4 ,gu/ave ,m]let is a m mode/ oppon5t 
( "s ( ! t5d5cies  ( ! age4 ,he pres5ts 
8 fir/ book to ! public "u ! title1     
,ralisme et ,fantaisie1,j e>ne/ly &     
loyally attack+ ! two  extremes (       
lit]ature4    ,footnote ,j3 ,le ,ralisme
 et la ,fantaisie dans la ,littrature4  
,p>  ,gu/ave ,m]let4 ,p>is3 ,didi] et   

,cie4 #abmo4 pp4 #dca4    ,two /yles (  
writ+1 diametrically oppos$ 9 e         
p>ticul>1 h  ( late ye>s fl\ri%$ 9 !    
light] productions ( ,france4 ,"s  !re  
are :o w\ld seek to inc>nate 9 lett]s   
,nature z x is1  )\t adorn+s1 )\t ideal 
additions4 ,! cry ( ! uphold]s  ( ?is   
doctr9e is3 ,tru? 9 art1 w> aga9/ !     
freaks ( !  imag9ation t colors all 9   
unreal t9ts4 ,! writ]s :o h  adopt$ su* 
s5tim5ts h be5 t]m$ ,reali/s1 mu* to _! 
dissatisfaction4 ,balzac 0 ! greate/ (  
!m4 ,*ampfleury may be  call$ ! mo/     
/r5u\s support] ( ! sy/em4 ,!re is a    
c]ta9  =ce1 a false air ( tru?1 9 ?is   
dagu]reotype process ( writ+1  t s$uces 
at fir/ sight4 ,:5 a man ( "s g5ius1 z  
,gu/ave  ,flaub]t 9 ,madame ,bov>y1     
und]takes to pa9t ,nature1 he sets      
details  o!rwise revolt+ 9 su* relief t 
! v novelty & boldness (  ! attempt put 
u (f our gu>d1 & we are 9 dang] (       
admitt+ z  beauties :at1 aft] all1 are  
only audacities4    ,! o!r extreme into 
:i* ! lit]ature ( ! day 9 ,france has   

fall5 is an excess ( fancy4 ,a writ] l  
,arsne ,h\ssaye w write  8 ,k+ ,voltaire
 or 8 ,madame de ,pompad\r1 or          
,capefigue 8  ,madame de la ,vallire1 9 
:i* ! judgm5t seems to h be5  set aside1
 & hi/orical facts accumulat$ 9 "s      
opium-dream are  /rangely wov5 into a   
n>rative repres5t+ reality1 ) ab\t z    
mu* tru? z ,ori5tal arabesques1 or !    
adorn+s ( ri*ly wr\ght  tape/ry4 ,?is   
extreme is ev5 m dang]\s ?an ! =m]1 = x 
makes ( lett]s a m]e play?+1 & recomm5ds
 itself to _m by its  v faults4 ,p>adox 
& ov]drawn sc5es usurp ! place ( ! real4
  ,! _w pres5t$ by ! exclusive wor%ipp]s
 ( fancy is  little bett] ?an t         
,pompad\r /yle ( pa9t+ 9 :i* !          
c>nation-tipp$ *ecks ( %eph]ds &        
%eph]desses take ! place (  a too heal?y
 ,rub5s-l portraiture4 ,!re are da9ty1  
well-trimm$  lambs1 ) pretty blue favors
 ti$ ab\t _! necks1 j l  drages &       
bonbons4 ,z we w&] among ^? op]a-swa9s 9
 silk  hose & ^? %eph]desses 9 sat9     
bodices1 _! p]fumes tire  & nauseate1   

till we fairly wi% = a good breeze waft$
 f "s  f>m-y>d1 reconcil$ 9 a measure to
 ! extravagances ( ! s-call$  s*ool (   
,nature4    ,m4 ,m]let's subject1 x may 
be se51 is ( int]e/ m]ely to !  /ud5t ( 
! late/ ,fr5* lit]ature4 ,a m           
compreh5sive /udy  w\ld n h be5 out (   
place 9 8 volume4 ,to ^? :o may be      
int]e/$ 9 writ]s l ,murg]1 ,feydeau1    
,h\ssaye1 & ,brifaut1 !  book is full ( 
int]e/+ matt]4 ,to ! g5]al read] x may  
be (  value z *>act]iz+ ) fidelity "s ( 
! t5d5cies ( ,fr5*  ?\ght4           99 
99       99       99       99    ,we mu/
 n omit m5tion+ a "w publi%$ 9 ,g]many  
on !  ,lit]ature ( ! ,second ,empire    
s9ce ! ,c\p d'tat ( ! ,second  (        
,decemb]1 #aheb4,k ,! nature ( ?is sket*
 c\ld almo/ be  pr$icat$ ) c]ta9ty f !  
/ate ( feel+ t[>ds ,france 9  ! capital 
9 :i* x 0 issu$1 & ! encomiums x receiv$
 f  ! ,prussian political press4 ,!     
au?or1 ,william ,reymond1 :o has  prov$ 
himself no mean critic 9 "s ( 8 =m]     
essays ^u !  mod]n productions (        

,france1 addresses himself almo/        
exclusively to a  ,g]man public4 ,8 "w1 
z he himself seem$ to fe>1 is n         
calculat$  = ! ta/e ( ,p>is1 ev5 if x 7 
consid]$ unobjectionable !re  on ! score
 ( ! political /rictures t are          
introduc$1 :e!r 9  ! discussion ( ! la/ 
play or 9 ! analysis ( ! la/ volume (   
poems4    ,footnote ,k3 tudes sur la    
,littrature du ,second ,empire ,franais1
  depuis le ,c\p d'tat du deux          
,decembre4 ,p> ,william ,reymond4 ,b]l93
 ,a4  ,*>isius4 #abmo4 pp4 #bbg4    ,!  
tru? is1 ,m4 ,reymond1 ) mu* app>5t     
praise1 v ne>ly comes  to ! conclusion t
 ! second ,empire has no lit]ature1 & v 
little philosophy is grant$ to x 9 !    
*apt]1 ,:at rema9s (  ,philosophy 9     
,france4 ,! ,novel & ! ,!atre f>e little
 bett] at  8 h&s4 ,he has lit]ally made 
a police inve/igation ( :at is mo/      
objectionable 9 ,fr5* lett]s1 cit+ n[ & 
!n "s great "n1  b dwell+ ) complac5cy  
on :at is des]v+ ( c5sure4 ,!  influ5ce 
( ,france1 & ( ,p>is 9 p>ticul>1 on !   

ta/es ( !  ,cont95t1 irritates him4 ,he 
seeks to impress ^u 8 read]s !  v5ality 
( lett]s & ! g5]al debasem5t ( "* & (   
tal5t t are preval5t 9 t capital4 ,su*  
is ! _s ( ^!  tudes4 ,! au?or has1      
un=tunately1 n to seek f> = a practical 
corroboration ( 8 !ory1 ?\gh x is b     
ju/ice to say t !  v]ses he quotes z    
*>act]i/ic are f> f be+ s4 ,x is to be  
fe>$ t ,m4 ,reymond has r s\ght out !   
blemi%es4 ,he has f\nd  _m1 we admit4 ,8
 read]s w ?ank him = 8 clev] exposition 
(  !m1 satisfi$ 9 _m cases to accept !  
results he pres5ts1 )\t  feel+ incl9$ to
 make su* a p]sonal inve/igation into ! 
l[]  regions ( lett]s4           99     
99       99       99       99    ,!     
,political & ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,press 
9 ,france1,l by  ,eug5e ,hat91 is n[    
conclud$4 ,z e>ly z #ahdf1 ?is au?or    
publi%$  a small "w1 ,hi/oire du ,j\rnal
 en ,france4 ,s9ce t "t he has  devot$  
himself exclusively to ! /udy ( ,fr5*   
j\rnalism4 ,?\gh  lib]al 9 8 views1 he  
is n 9 favor ( unlimit$ lib]ty ( !      

press4 ,he believes x to be ! int]e/ (  
society t a curb %\ld  be put on its    
excesses4 ,:at we mu/ hope = is a lib]ty
 t may  h full p[] = good1 b n = evil4  
,footnote ,l3 ,hi/oire ,politique et    
,littraire de la ,presse en ,france4    
,avec une ,introduction ,hi/orique sur  
les ,orig9es du ,j\rnal et la           
,bibliographie ,gnrale des ,j\rnaux1    
depuis leur ,orig9e4 ,p> ,eugne  ,hat94 
,p>is3 ,p\let-,malassis et ,de ,boise4  
#h vols4 #abmo4    ,! two volumes       
publi%$ 9 #ahfa conta9 ! hi/ory (       
j\rnalism  dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! ,fr5*    
,revolution1 "u ! fir/ ,empire1  !      
,re/oration1 & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,july4 ,!  
"w may be said to  conclude ) #ahdh1 z  
less ?an tw5ty pages are devot$ to !    
twelve  ye>s foll[+4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 !   
writ] has done all he c\ld be  expect$  
to d4 ,?is is no "t = ! c&id hi/orian to
 utt] 8  ?\ghts ( ! pres5t rgime 9      
,france4 ,s9ce ! fatal decree (  ! #ag? 
( ,febru>y1 #aheb1 ! press has _h only s
 mu* ( life z  ! pres5t sov]eign has    

?\ght fit to grant x4 ,!n x 0 t a       
repres5tative ( ! p utt]$ ! words1--,we 
mu/ ov]?r[ !  press1 z we h ov]?r[n !   
b>ricades4 ,su* 7 ! s5tim5ts  ( !       
,national ,assembly1--n und]/&+1 t1 :5 x
 /ruck at  su* an ally1 x de/roy$       
itself4 ,&1 inde$1 x 0 b a %ort "t  be=e
 ! tribune %>$ ! fate ( j\rnalism4      
,bett] ?+s _h be5  hop$ on ! accession (
 ! pres5t ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior1 b z  yet 
!y h n be5 realiz$4          ,,rec5t    
,,am]ican ,,publications    ,,receiv$   
,,by ,,! ,,editors ,,( ,,! ,,atlantic   
,,mon?ly4      ,! ,soldi]'s ,guide4 ,a  
,complete ,manual & ,drill-,book = !    
,use  ( ,volunte]s & ,militia4 ,revis$1 
correct$1 & adapt$ to !  ,discipl9e ( ! 
,soldi] ( ! ,pres5t ,day4 ,by an ,(fic] 
( ! ,u4,s4  ,army4 ,philadelphia4 ,t4,b4
 ,pet]son  ,bro!rs4 #afmo4 pap]1 pp4    
#fc4 #be  cts4    ,! ,arti/'s ,m>ri$    
,life2 be+ t ( ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,translat$ f
  ! ,g]man ( ,leopold ,s*eff]1 by ,mrs4 
,j4,r4 ,/odd>t4 ,revis$ ,edition1  )    
,memoir4 ,bo/on & ,cambridge4 ,j4       

,munroe  ,co4 #afmo4 pp4 xxviii41  #bjd4
 #a4jj4    ,"y ,b5jam9 ,frankl92 or1 ,! 
,"r ,road ?r\gh ,life4 ,a ,boy's ,book  
on a ,boy's ,own ,subject4 ,by ,h5ry    
,mayhew1 ,au?or ( ,! ,peasant-,boy      
,philosoph]1 etc4 ,) ,illu/rations by   
,john ,gilb]t4 ,new ,york4 ,h>p]        
,bro!rs4 #afmo4 pp4 #efa4 #a4jj4    ,!  
,/okesley ,secret2 or1 ,h[ ! ,pig paid !
 ,r5t4 ,by ! ,au?or (  ,! ,heir (       
,r$clyffe1 etc4 ,new ,york4 ,d4         
,appleton  ,co4 #ahmo4 pp4 #bde4  #ej   
cts4    ,*9ese & ,indo-,european ,roots 
& ,analogues4 ,fir/ ,numb]4 ,by ,pl9y   
,e>le ,*ase1 ,a4,m4 ,philadelphia4      
,butl]  ,co4 #hvo4 pap]1 pp4 #dh4 #ej   
cts4    ,! ,works ( ,*>les ,dick5s4     
,h\sehold ,edition4 ,illu/rat$ f        
,draw+s by ,f4,o4,c4 ,d>ley & ,john     
,gilb]t4 ,*ri/mas ,/ories4 ,9 ,two      
,volumes4 ,new ,york4 ,j4,g4 ,gregory4  
#afmo4 pp4 #cjj1 #cjj4 #a4ej4           
,hickory ,hall2 or1 ,! ,outca/4 ,a      
,romance ( ! ,blue ,ridge4 ,by ,mrs4    
,emma  ,d4,e4,n4 ,s\?wor?4              

,philadelphia4 ,t4,b4 ,pet]son  ,bro!rs4
 #hvo4 pap]1  pp4 #acf4 #ej cts4        
,alleghania3 ,a ,geographical &         
,/ati/ical ,memoir1 exhibit+ !  ,/r5g? (
 ! ,union & ! ,weakness ( ,slav]y 9 !   
,m\nta9  ,di/ricts ( ! ,s\?4 ,by ,james 
,w4 ,taylor4 ,/4 ,paul4 ,j4 ,dav5port4  
#hvo4  pap]1 pp4 #bd4 #aj cts4    ,a    
,treatise on ,ordnance & ,naval ,gunn]y4
 ,compil$ & arrang$ z a  ,text-,book = !
 ,u4,s4 ,naval ,academy4 ,by ,lieut5ant 
,edw>d ,simpson1 ,u4,s4  ,navy4 ,second 
,edition1 revis$ & enl>g$4 ,new ,york4  
,d4 ,van ,no/r&4  #hvo4 pp4 #dic4 #d4jj4
    ,! ,con/itutional ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 
s9ce ! ,accession ( ,george !  ,?ird4   
#agfj-ahfj4 ,by ,?omas ,ersk9e ,may1    
,c4,b4 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,i4      
,bo/on4 ,crosby  ,ni*ols4 #abmo4 pp4    
#dhd4 #a4be4    ,d9ah4 ,new ,york4 ,c4  
,scribn]4 #abmo4 pp4 #dff4 #a4be4       
,tom ,tiddl]'s ,gr\nd4 ,*ri/mas &       
,new-,ye>'s ,/ory = #ahfb4 ,f  ,all !   
,ye> ,r\nd4 ,by ,*>les ,dick5s4         
,philadelphia4 ,t4,b4 ,pet]son          

,bro!rs4 #hvo4 pap]4 pp4 #fd4 #be cts4  
,a ,p$e/rian ,t\r ( ,?irty-,sev5 ,days 9
 ! ,alps ( ,switz]l& &  ,savoy4 ,by     
,*>les ,h5ry ,jones4 ,read+1 ,pa4 ,j4,l4
 ,getz4 #ahmo4 pap]4 pp4  #aah4 #be cts4
    ,practical ,*ri/ianity4 ,a ,treatise
 specially design$ = ,"y ,m54 ,by  ,john
 ,s4,c4 ,abbott4 ,new ,york4 ,h>p]      
,bro!rs4 #afmo4 pp4 #cjb4 #ej cts4    ,!
 ,su!rl&s4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ,rutl$ge4 ,new
 ,york4 ,g4,w4 ,c>leton4  #abmo4 pp4    
#dgd4 #a4be4    ,memoir ( ! ,du*ess (   
,orlans4 ,by ! ,m>quess de ,h4 ,toge!r )
  ,biographical ,s\v5irs & ,orig9al     
,lett]s4 ,collect$ by ,pr(essor ,g4,h4  
de ,s*ub]t4 ,translat$ f1 ! ,fr5*4      
,second ,edition4 ,new ,york4 ,c4       
,scribn]4 #abmo4 pp4 #cia4 #a4jj4    ,! 
,upris+ ( a ,great ,p4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 
9 #ahfa4 ,to :i* is  add$1 ,a ,^w (     
,peace on ! ,diff]5ce betwe5 ,engl& & ! 
,unit$  ,/ates4 ,f ! ,fr5* ( ,c\nt      
,agnor de ,gasp>94 ,by ,m>y ,l4 ,boo?4  
,new ,am]ican ,edition1 f ! ,au?or's    
,revis$ ,edition4 ,new ,york4 ,c4       

,scribn]4 #abmo4 pp4 xiv41 #bih4 #ge    
cts4    ,=t ,lafayette2 or1 ,love &     
,secession4 ,a ,novel4 ,by ,b5jam9      
,wood4 ,new  ,york4 ,g4,w4 ,c>leton4    
#abmo4 pp4 #cjj4 #a4jj4    ,! ,national 
,s*ool = ! ,soldi]4 ,an ,elem5t>y ,"w on
 ,milit>y  ,tactics1 9 ,"q & ,answ]4    
,con=m+ to ! ,army-,regulations  adopt$ 
& approv$ by ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4 ,by  ,capta9 ,w4,w4 ,van ,ness4 
,new ,york4 ,g4,w4 ,c>leton4 #bdmo4 pp4 
#ge4 #ej cts4    ,! ,privilege ( ! ,writ
 ( ,habeas ,corpus "u ! ,con/itution4   
,by  ,horace ,b9ney4 ,philadelphia4     
,t4,b4 ,pugh4 #afmo4 pp4 #eb4 #be cts4  
,! ,army-,(fic]'s ,pocket-,companion2   
pr9cipally design$ =  ,/aff-,(fic]s 9 ! 
,field4 ,p>tly translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,m4
 de  ,r\vre1 ,lieut5ant-,colonel ( !    
,fr5* ,/aff-,corps2 ) ,additions  f     
,/&>d ,am]ican1 ,engli%1 & ,fr5*        
,au?orities4 ,by ,william ,p4           
,craighill1 ,fir/ ,lieut5ant ,u4,s4     
,corps ( ,eng9e]s1 ,assi/ant ,pr(essor  
( ,eng9e]+ at ! ,u4,s4 ,milit>y         

,academy4 ,new ,york4 ,d4 ,van ,no/r&4  
#ahmo4 pp4 #cad4 #a4ej4    ,sa9t        
,gildas2 or1 ,! ,?ree ,pa?s4 ,by ,julia 
,kavanagh1 ,au?or (  ,na?alie1 etc4     
,concord1 ,n4,h4 ,e4,c4 ,ea/man4 #afmo4 
pp4 #bai4 #fc cts4    ,infantry         
,tactics1 = ! ,in/ruction1 ,ex]cise1 &  
,manoeuvres ( !  ,soldi]1 a ,company1   
,l9e ( ,skirmi%]s1 ,battalion1 ,brigade1
 or ,corps  d',arme4 ,by                
,brigadi]-,g5]al ,silas ,casey1 ,u4,s4  
,army4 ,9 ,?ree ,volumes4  ,new ,york4  
,d4 ,van ,no/r&4 #ahmo4 pp4 #bgi1 #bgb1 
#ahc4 #b4ej4    ,a ,text-,book ( !      
,hi/ory ( ,doctr9es4 ,by ,dr4 ,k4,r4    
,hag5ba*1  ,pr(essor ( ,!ology 9 !      
,univ]sity ( ,basle4 ,! ,ed9burgh       
,translation ( ,c4,w4 ,bu*1 revis$1 )   
,l>ge ,additions f ! ,f\r?  ,g]man      
,edition1 & o!r ,s\rces4 ,by ,h5ry ,b4  
,smi?1 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor 9  ! ,union    
,!ological ,sem9>y ( ! ,city ( ,new     
,york4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,new  ,york4       
,%eldon  ,co4 #hvo4 pp4 #eeh4 #b4ej4    
,! ,true ,/ory ( ! ,b>ons ( ! ,s\?2 or1 

,! ,rationale ( !  ,am]ican ,conflict4  
,by ,e4,w4 ,reynolds1 ,au?or ( ,!       
,records ( ,bubbleton  ,p>i%1 etc4      
,bo/on4 ,walk]1 ,wise1  ,co4 #afmo4 pp4 
xii41 #bdj4 #ge cts4    ,*>les          
,o',malley1 ! ,iri% ,dragoon4 ,by ,*>les
 ,lev]4 ,philadelphia4  ,t4,b4 ,pet]son 
,bro!rs4 #hvo4 pap]1 pp4 #cbd4 #ej cts4 
,! ,fl[] ( ! ,prairie4 ,by ,gu/ave      
,aim>d4 ,philadelphia4 ,t4,b4  ,pet]son 
,bro!rs4 #hvo4 pap]1 pp4 #afe4 #ej cts4 
,mi/akes ( ,educat$ ,m54 ,by ,john ,s4  
,h>t1 ,,ll4,d4 ,philadelphia4 ,j4,c4    
,g>rigues4 #afmo4 pap]1 pp4 #gg4 #be    
cts4    ,a ,/range ,/ory4 ,a ,novel4 ,by
 ,sir ,e4 ,bulw] ,lytton1 ,au?or ( ,!   
,caxtons4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,new ,york4 
,h>p]  ,bro!rs4 #hvo4 pap]1  pp4 #aie4  
#be cts4    ,tea* ,u to ,pray2 be+      
,exp]im5tal1 ,doctr9al1 & ,practical    
,obs]vations on ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,by !   
,rev4 ,john ,cumm+1 ,d4,d41             
,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,au?or ( ,! ,great        
,tribulation1 etc4 ,new ,york4 ,g4,w4   
,c>leton4 #abmo4 pp4 #cjc4 #a4jj4    ,! 

,law ( ,fre$om & ,bondage 9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates4 ,by ,john ,codman  ,kurd1       
,c\nsellor-at-,law4 ,9 ,two ,volumes4   
,vol4 ,,ii4 ,bo/on4 ,little1 ,br[n1     
,co4 ,new ,york4 ,d4 ,van ,no/r&4 #hvo4 
pp4 xliv41 #hjj4 #c4ej4    ,! ,"y       
,/ep-,"m2 or1 ,a ,*ronicle ( ,mi/akes4  
,by ! ,au?or (  ,! ,heir ( ,r$clyffe1   
,he>tsease1 etc4 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,new 
,york4 ,d4  ,appleton  ,co4 #afmo4 pp4  
#bid1 #cjg4 #a4ej4    ,a ,prim>y        
,geography1 on ! ,basis ( ! ,object     
,me?od ( ,in/ruction4  ,illu/rat$ )     
,num]\s ,engrav+s & ,pictorial ,maps4   
,by ,=dyce ,a4  ,all51 ,pr9cipal ( !    
,*e/]-,c\nty ,normal ,s*ool1 ,we/ ,*e/]1
 ,pa4  ,philadelphia4 ,lipp9cott  ,co4  
#dto4 pp4 #ef4 #ej cts4    ,report ( !  
,sup]9t5d5t ( ,common ,s*ools (         
,p5nsylvania1 = !  ,ye> end+ ,june #c1  
#ahfa4 ,h>risburg4 ,pr9t$ = ! ,/ate4    
#hvo4 pp4  #bed4    ,! ,works ( ,francis
 ,bacon1 ,b>on ( ,v]ulam1 ,visc\nt ,/4  
,albans1 &  ,"l ,high ,*ancellor (      
,engl&4 ,collect$ & ,edit$ by ,james    

,sp$d+1  ,m4,a41 ( ,tr9ity ,college1    
,cambridge2 ,rob]t ,leslie ,ellis1      
,m4,a41  late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1
 ,cambridge2 & ,d\glas ,d5on ,hea?1     
,b>ri/]-at-,law1 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity  
,college1 ,cambridge4 ,vol4 ,,iii4      
,bo/on4 ,br[n  ,tagg>d4 #abmo4 pp4 #ejb4
 #a4ej4    ,! ,_s ( ! ,hebrew ,poetry4  
,by ,isaac ,taylor1 ,au?or ( ,saturday  
,ev5+1 etc41 etc4 ,) a ,biographical    
,introduction by ,wm4 ,adams1  ,d4,d41  
,pa/or ( ! ,madison-,squ>e ,presbyt]ian 
,*ur*1 ,n4,y4 ,new ,york4  ,g4,w4       
,c>leton4 #hvo4 pp4 #chf4    ,e?ical &  
,physiological ,inquiries1 *iefly       
,relative to ,subjects (  ,popul>       
,int]e/4 ,by ,a4,h4 ,dana4 ,new ,york4  
,c4 ,scribn]4 #abmo4 pp4 #cjh4  #a4jj4  
,! ,new ,am]ican ,cyclopa$ia3 ,a ,popul>
 ,diction>y ( ,g5]al ,k4  ,edit$ by     
,george ,ripley & ,*>les ,a4 ,dana4     
,volume ,,xiv4 ,re$-,spire4 ,new  ,york4
 ,d4 ,appleton  ,co4 #hvo4 pp4 #hej1    
viii4 #c4jj4    ,tracts = ,prie/s & ,p4 
,by ,v>i\s ,writ]s4 ,bo/on4 ,walk]1     

,wise1   ,co4 #abmo4 pp4 #cgb4 #a4jj4   
,me?od ( ,tea*]s' ,in/itutes1 & ! ,!ory 
( ,education4 ,by  ,samuel ,p4 ,bates4  
,a4,m41 ,deputy-,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,common 
,s*ools (  ,p5nsylvania1 & ,au?or (     
,in/itute ,lectures4 ,new ,york4 ,b>nes 
,burr4 #hvo4 pp4 #ge4 #ej cts4