,color ,images from ,mars ,rovers by ,bob ,webster ,thanks to ,bob ,webster for making these images available4 ,they are recombinations of images with different colored filters4 ,all images are courtesy of ,,nasa_/,,jpl and in the public domain in the ,united ,states4 ,mars ,attacks6 ,i was browsing the ,,nasa web site for photos from the ,mars rovers1 but most of them are black and white4 ,then ,i noticed they have the raw images posted that can be combined into color photos1 so ,i combined a bunch of them into living color4 ,here they are3 ,mars in ,color1 from 8,opportunity0 ,opportunity ,photos ,mars in ,color1 from 8,spirit0 ,spirit ,photos ,the color is not perfect on these1 but it should be in the neighborhood4 ,there are a lot of variables4 ,the cameras are calibrated differently from time to time1 there are different bandwidths available in different images1 and the sun is at different angles4 ,in these photos1 #c to #f images were taken1 one after another1 using different bandwidth filters4 ,there may be #e minutes pass from the first to the last image1 so a shadow may move a little bit during that time4 ,an interesting effect of this is an occasional rainbow strip on the edge of shadows4 ,the image file names include information such as camera type1 time taken1 location1 etc4 ,here is the full info3 http3_/_/origin4mars#e4;jpl4nasa4gov_/ga llery_/edrfilenamekey4html ,the image on this site have the filter and sometimes the ,left or ,right designator removed4 ,if ,l or ,r is missing1 then they were taken with the ,left camera1 which uses visible light filters4 ,these images were taken with the panoramic camera1 because it's the one that uses color filters4 ,the filters used vary from image to image4 ,the available filters are3 ,left ,camera ,right ,camera #a ,,empty 7clear7 #a #dcfnm 7#cgnm ,short-pass7 #b #gecnm 7#bjnm bandpass7 #b #gednm 7#bjnm bandpass7 #c #fgcnm 7#afnm bandpass7 #c #hjcnm 7#bjnm bandpass7 #d #fjanm 7#agnm bandpass7 #d #hfdnm 7#agnm bandpass7 #e #ecenm 7#bjnm bandpass7 #e #ijdnm 7#bfnm bandpass7 #f #dhbnm 7#benm bandpass7 #f #icdnm 7#benm bandpass7 #g #dcbnm 7#cbnm ,short-pass7 #g #ajjinm 7#chnm ,long-pass7 #h #ddjnm 7#bj7 ,solar ,,nd #e4j #h #hhjnm 7#bj7 ,solar ,,nd #e4j ,some bandwidths of visible light are3 red #fej orange #eij yellow #egj green #eaj blue #dge indigo #dde violet #djj ,everything gets kind of fuzzy from this point on4 ,the visible light bandwidths are not even sharply delimited4 ,the bandwidths in the ,martian cameras don't necessarily match the color bandwidths on ,earthling computers4 ,in a lot of the images some of the bandwidths are missing4 ,for example1 this image3 only uses filters #d1 #e1 and #g1 which more or less correspond to reddish-orange1 yellow-green1 and violet4 ,there is a hole or two in the spectrum1 notably red and blue1 so it ends up looking a little weird4 ,but it's still much better than black and white4 ,some of the images from ,mars use filters #b1 #e1 and #g1 or some wide range like that4 ,this provides more information for scientific analysis1 but it doesn't look normal when combined4 ,that is1 if there is a normal for pictures from ,mars4 ,i skipped most of these4 ,the right pan camera filters are mainly longer wavelength in the ultraviolet range4 ,i only included one of those pictures1 mostly because ,i wondered what it would look like3 ,i used ,photo ,mud to merge the separate images4 ,in fact1 ,i wrote the ,merge ,color ,separation function in ,photo ,mud so ,i could do this4 ,you can download a test version here3 http3_/_/xpda4com_/photomudsetup4exe ,when ,photo ,mud version #c4j is released in a few days1 ,i'll replace this file with a #cj-;day trial version4 ,if you download the test version before then1 you can have a free update to the release version without a #cj-;day limit4 ,let me know if you find any design considerations or other things that don't work4 ,here's where to get the latest raw images from ,mars3 http3_/_/origin4mars#e4;jpl4nasa4gov_/ga llery_/all ,some of the ,,nasa pictures show mainly red on ,mars1 such as this panorama3 ,but the colors in the corners of this sundial in the base of the photo from looks quite a bit different on earth than on the landscape photo4 ,there is a lack of blue in the ,mars photo1 or maybe even a translation of blue to red4 ,there's probably a good reason for this1 since ,,nasa has better software and spent more time on it4 ,it looks to me like ,,nasa included filter #b1 infrared light1 in their red color composition4 ,in this image with filter #b1 you can see how bright the lower right color tab is3 ,this one is filter #c1 is visible red4 ,the blue tab in the lower right is not nearly as bright3 ,here is a composition ,i did using infrared as red1 and shifting the colors toward that end of the spectrum4 ,this is kind of like the sundial in the color landscape4 ,here's the image with normal color composition3 ,the second one looks a lot closer to the original photo above4 ,in these two images1 the background dirt looks about the same1 but these settings make a big difference sometimes4 ,photos ,courtesy ,,nasa_/,,jpl-,caltech ,mars in ,color1 from 8,opportunity0 #d_/i_/bjjd #d_/h_/bjjd #d_/g_/bjjd #d_/f_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/d_/bjjd #d_/d_/bjjd #d_/d_/bjjd #d_/c_/bjjd #c_/cj_/bjjd #c_/bh_/bjjd #c_/bh_/bjjd #c_/bg_/bjjd #c_/bd_/bjjd #c_/bc_/bjjd #c_/bb_/bjjd #c_/bb_/bjjd #c_/ba_/bjjd ,infrared used for red #c_/bj_/bjjd filter #b 7infrared7 used for red #c_/bj_/bjjd filter #b 7infrared7 used for red #c_/bj_/bjjd #c_/bj_/bjjd #c_/bj_/bjjd #c_/bj_/bjjd #c_/ai_/bjjd #c_/ah_/bjjd #c_/ah_/bjjd #c_/ag_/bjjd #c_/ag_/bjjd ,dubbed ,carousel1 the rock in this image was the target of the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,opportunity science team's outcrop scuff test4 ,on sol #ea 7,march #ae1 #bjjd71 ,opportunity slowly rotated its left front wheel on the rock1 abrading it in the same way that geology students use a scratch test to determine the hardness of minerals4 ,the image on the right1 taken by the rover's navigation camera on sol #ea1 shows the rock post-scuff4 ,in this image1 it is apparent that ,opportunity scratched the surface of ,carousel and deposited dirt that it was carrying in its wheel rims4 #c_/af_/bjjd #c_/af_/bjjd #c_/ae_/bjjd #c_/ae_/bjjd ,shoemaker's ,patio near the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,opportunity's landing site1 shows finely layered sediments1 which have been accentuated by erosion4 ,the sphere-like grains or blueberries distributed throughout the outcrop can be seen lining up with individual layers4 ,this observation indicates that the spherules are geologic features called concretions1 which form in pre-existing wet sediments4 ,other sphere-like grains1 such as impact spherules or volcanic lapilli 7fragments of material between #b and #fd millimeters or 4#jh and #b4e inches in maximum dimension that are ejected from a volcano7 are thought to be deposited with sediments and thus would form layers distinct from those of the rocks4 ,this image was captured by the rover's panoramic camera on the #ejth martian day1 or sol1 of the mission4 #c_/ae_/bjjd #c_/ad_/bjjd #c_/ad_/bjjd ,this image is of the exceptional rock called ,berry ,bowl in the ,eagle ,crater outcrop4 ,the study of this blueberry-strewn area and the identification of hematite as the major iron-bearing element within these sphere-like grains helped scientists confirm their hypothesis that the hematite in these martian spherules was deposited in water4 ,to separately analyze the mineralogical content of three main features within this area -- blueberries1 dust and rock -- it was important that the rock abrasion tool's brush was able to rest on a relatively berry-free spot4 ,the rock's small size and crowd of berries made the #aj-minute brushing a challenge to plan and execute4 ,the successful brushing on the target whimsically referred to as ,near ,empty on the rover's #dhth sol on ,mars left a dust-free impression for subsequent examination by the rover's spectrometers4 ,no grinding was necessary on the rock because spectral data obtained on the dust-free surface were sufficient to verify that the rock's chemical composition differs significantly from the hematite-rich berries4 #c_/ac_/bjjd #c_/ac_/bjjd #c_/ab_/bjjd #c_/ab_/bjjd ,the sphere-like grains or blueberries distributed throughout the outcrop can be seen lining up with individual layers4 ,this observation indicates that the spherules are geologic features called concretions1 which form in pre-existing wet sediments4 ,other sphere-like grains1 such as impact spherules or volcanic lapilli 7fragments of material between #b and #fd millimeters or 4#jh and #b4e inches in maximum dimension that are ejected from a volcano7 are thought to be deposited with sediments and thus would form layers distinct from those of the rocks4 #c_/aa_/bjjd #c_/aa_/bjjd #c_/aa_/bjjd the #c4a millimeter-deep 7just over one-tenth of an inch7 hole ground by the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,opportunity's rock abrasion tool in the target called ,mojo #b on ,flatrock was taken on the #ddth martian day1 or sol1 of the mission4 ,it will help complete the chemical analysis of the lowest layer of the outcrop in the crater where the rover now resides4 ,after a brief brushing on sol #de1 the science team plans to place ,opportunity's spectrometers on the hole to collect data vital to their understanding of this impressive outcrop4 ,scientists believe that the spherule or blueberry in the upper right area of the circular impression was sliced in half by the rock abrasion tool4 ,blueberries are a known obstruction to the grinding tool that cause it to terminate its sequence4 ,despite the stall1 the rock abrasion tool abraded ,flatrock for one hour and five minutes1 producing a cavity ripe for investigation4 #c_/aj_/bjjd #c_/aj_/bjjd #c_/i_/bjjd #c_/h_/bjjd #c_/g_/bjjd #c_/g_/bjjd ,this hole was made by the rover's rock abrasion tool1 located on its instrument deployment device1 or arm4 ,the hole is located on a target called ,mc,kittrick at the ,el ,capitan region of the ,meridiani ,planum1 ,mars1 rock outcrop4 ,it was made on the #cjth martian day1 or sol1 of ,opportunity's journey4 ,the grinding process at has generated a significant amount of reddish dust4 ,color and spectral properties of the dust show that it may contain some fine-grained crystalline red hematite4 ,courtesy ,,nasa_/,,jpl #c_/a_/bjjd #b_/bi_/bjjd ,this hole was made by the rover's rock abrasion tool1 located on its instrument deployment device1 or arm4 ,the hole is located on a target called ,guadalupe at the ,el ,capitan region of the ,meridiani ,planum1 ,mars1 rock outcrop4 ,it was made on the #cjth martian day1 or sol1 of ,opportunity's journey4 ,the grinding process at has generated a significant amount of reddish dust4 ,color and spectral properties of the dust show that it may contain some fine-grained crystalline red hematite4 #b_/bi_/bjjd ,the silver colored metal of the ring on the solar abrasion tool is a reddish brown after the dust settled on it1 probably from fine-grained hematite4 #b_/bi_/bjjd #b_/bh_/bjjd #b_/bh_/bjjd #b_/bg_/bjjd #b_/bg_/bjjd #b_/bb_/bjjd ,the image is from the right pan camera1 made up of ultraviolet bandwidths4 #b_/bj_/bjjd #b_/bj_/bjjd ,the ,el ,capitan region of the rock outcrop at ,meridiani ,planum1 ,mars4 ,this image shows fine1 parallel lamination in the upper area of the rock1 which also contains scattered sphere-shaped objects ranging from #a to #b millimeters 74#jd to 4#jh inches7 in size4 ,there are also more abundant1 scattered vugs1 or small cavities1 that are shaped like discs4 ,these are about #a centimeter 7#j4d inches7 long4 #b_/bj_/bjjd #b_/bj_/bjjd ,the ,el ,capitan region of the rock outcrop at ,meridiani ,planum1 ,mars4 #b_/bj_/bjjd ,the capture magnet1 which attracts atmospheric dust particles from the front deck of the rover4 ,the lighter-colored areas in the image are clean sections of the magnet virtually free of dust1 and the dark areas are places where dust has collected4 ,dust particles in the martian atmosphere are estimated to be about #a micrometer in size 7#a_/ajjjth of a millimeter or #a_/ajjjth of 4#jd inches74 ,the material below the magnet's aluminum surface is laid out in concentric rings1 giving the image a bull's-eye appearance4 ,the magnet was designed in this configuration to collect as much atmospheric dust as possible4 ,spirit and ,opportunity each carry seven magnets4 #b_/ai_/bjjd ,the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,opportunity dragged one of its wheels back and forth across the sandy soil at ,meridiani ,planum to create a hole 7bottom left corner7 approximately #ej centimeters 7#ai4g inches7 long by #bj centimeters 7#g4i inches7 wide by #i centimeters 7#c4e inches7 deep4 ,the rover's instrument deployment device1 or arm1 will begin studying the fresh soil at the bottom of this trench later today for clues to its mineral composition and history4 ,scientists chose this particular site for digging because previous data taken by the rover's miniature thermal emission spectrometer indicated that it contains crystalline hematite1 a mineral that sometimes forms in the presence of water4 ,the brightness of the newly-exposed soil is thought to be either intrinsic to the soil itself1 or a reflection of the ,sun4 #b_/ai_/bjjd ,the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,opportunity dragged one of its wheels back and forth across the sandy soil at ,meridiani ,planum to create a hole 7bottom left corner7 approximately #ej centimeters 7#ai4g inches7 long by #bj centimeters 7#g4i inches7 wide by #i centimeters 7#c4e inches7 deep4 ,the rover's instrument deployment device1 or arm1 will begin studying the fresh soil at the bottom of this trench later today for clues to its mineral composition and history4 ,scientists chose this particular site for digging because previous data taken by the rover's miniature thermal emission spectrometer indicated that it contains crystalline hematite1 a mineral that sometimes forms in the presence of water4 ,the brightness of the newly-exposed soil is thought to be either intrinsic to the soil itself1 or a reflection of the ,sun4 #b_/ai_/bjjd #b_/ag_/bjjd #b_/ag_/bjjd #b_/ad_/bjjd #b_/ab_/bjjd #b_/i_/bjjd #b_/h_/bjjd ,rock abrasion tool1 also known as rat 7circular device in center71 located on the rover's instrument deployment device1 or arm4 #b_/h_/bjjd #b_/g_/bjjd #b_/g_/bjjd #b_/g_/bjjd ,a region at the end of the rock outcrop lining the small crater1 called ,eagle ,crater4 ,the sphere-like grains or blueberries dotting the rocks in the outcrop can also be seen above the rocks1 suggesting that these geologic features have origins beyond ,eagle ,crater4 #b_/g_/bjjd #b_/c_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd #a_/bh_/bjjd ,these layered rocks measure only #aj centimeters 7#d inches7 tall and are thought to be either volcanic ash deposits or sediments carried by water or wind4 #a_/bg_/bjjd #a_/bf_/bjjd ,opportunity ,photos ,mars in ,color1 from 8,spirit0 #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/aa_/bjjd #d_/g_/bjjd #d_/g_/bjjd #d_/g_/bjjd #d_/f_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd no violet_/indigo #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/e_/bjjd #d_/d_/bjjd #d_/d_/bjjd #d_/c_/bjjd #d_/c_/bjjd #d_/c_/bjjd #d_/a_/bjjd #c_/ca_/bjjd #c_/cj_/bjjd #c_/bi_/bjjd #c_/bi_/bjjd #c_/bg_/bjjd ,this image was taken by ,,nasa's ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,spirit on sol #gi after completing a two-location brushing on the rock dubbed ,mazatzal4 ,a coating of fine1 dust-like material was successfully removed from targets named ,illinois 7right7 and ,new ,york 7left71 revealing clean rock underneath4 ,the center of the two brushed spots are approximately #aj centimeters 7#c4i inches7 apart and were aggressively analyzed by the instruments on the robotic arm on sol #hj4 ,on sol #ha1 the rover drilled into the ,new ,york target to expose the original rock underneath4 #c_/bf_/bjjd #c_/be_/bjjd #c_/be_/bjjd #c_/be_/bjjd ,this hazard-avoidance camera image was taken by ,,nasa's ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,spirit on sol #gi after completing a two-location brushing on the rock dubbed ,mazatzal4 ,a coating of fine1 dust-like material was successfully removed from targets named ,illinois 7right7 and ,new ,york 7left71 revealing clean rock underneath4 ,in this image1 ,spirit's panoramic camera mast assembly1 or camera head1 can be seen shadowing ,mazatzal's surface4 ,the center of the two brushed spots are approximately #aj centimeters 7#c4i inches7 apart and were aggressively analyzed by the instruments on the robotic arm on sol #hj4 ,on sol #ha1 the rover drilled into the ,new ,york target to expose the original rock underneath4 ,note3 ,the raw images are under the pan camera with color filters4 888 #c_/bd_/bjjd ,,nasa's ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,spirit took this panoramic camera image of the rock target named ,mazatzal on sol #gg 7,march #bb1 #bjjd74 ,it is a close-up look at the rock face and the targets that will be brushed and ground by the rock abrasion tool in upcoming sols4 ,mazatzal1 like most rocks on ,earth and ,mars1 has layers of material near its surface that provide clues about the history of the rock4 ,scientists believe that the top layer of ,mazatzal is actually a coating of dust and possibly even salts4 ,under this light coating may be a more solid portion of the rock that has been chemically altered by weathering4 ,past this layer is the unaltered rock1 which may give scientists the best information about how ,mazatzal was formed4 ,because each layer reveals information about the formation and subsequent history of ,mazatzal1 it is important that scientists get a look at each of them4 ,for this reason1 they have developed a multi-part strategy to use the rock abrasion tool to systematically peel back ,mazatzal's layers and analyze what's underneath with the rover's microscopic imager1 and its ,moessbauer and alpha particle ,x-ray spectrometers4 ,the strategy began on sol #gg when scientists used the microscopic imager to get a closer look at targets on ,mazatzal named ,new ,york1 ,illinois and ,arizona4 ,these rock areas were targeted because they posed the best opportunity for successfully using the rock abrasion tool2 ,arizona also allowed for a close-up look at a range of tones4 ,on sol #gh1 ,spirit's rock abrasion tool will do a light brushing on the ,illinois target to preserve some of the surface layers4 ,then1 a brushing of the ,new ,york target should remove the top coating of any dust and salts and perhaps reveal the chemically altered rock underneath4 ,finally1 on sol #gi1 the rock abrasion tool will be commanded to grind into the ,new ,york target1 which will give scientists the best chance of observing ,mazatzal's interior4 ,the ,mazatzal targets were named after the home states of some of the rock abrasion tool and science team members4 #c_/bc_/bjjd used violet for blue #c_/bb_/bjjd #c_/bb_/bjjd #c_/bb_/bjjd #c_/bb_/bjjd #c_/bb_/bjjd ,this image of the rock called ,mazatzal was taken by the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,spirit4 ,it reveals some interesting features on this future rock abrasion tool target1 including variants in tone1 a sugary surface texture and scalloped areas where parts of the rock seem to have been worn away4 ,mazatzal's uniqueness is made even more obvious when it is compared to the more typical1 basaltic rock in the lower right of the image4 #c_/ba_/bjjd #c_/ag_/bjjd #c_/ag_/bjjd ,the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,spirit acquired this navigation camera image on the #gbnd martian day1 or sol1 of its mission 7,march #ae1 #bjjd71 after digging its wheel into the drift dubbed ,serpent4 ,creating the commands that would generate this scar was not an easy task for rover controllers4 ,essentially1 they had to choreograph an intricate dance for ,spirit1 maneuvering it up the side of the dune1 shimmying its left front wheel a number of times to create the scuff1 and then reversing to attain proper positioning for miniature thermal emission spectrometer observations4 ,before the task was finished1 ,spirit moved forward to put the scuff within proper reach of the rover's arm4 ,this scar allows the rover's instruments to see below the drift surface1 to determine the composition of the materials4 ,initial results indicate that the drift material is similar to the basaltic sands that have been seen throughout ,spirit's journey to the large crater dubbed ,bonneville4 ,the material does not seem to be the same as that inside the crater4 ,scientists are now looking to answer two questions3 ,why is the dark sand in the crater not the same as the dark sand in the drift8 ,and why are there two different dark soil-type deposits in such a small place8 #c_/ag_/bjjd #c_/ag_/bjjd #c_/ae_/bjjd #c_/ae_/bjjd #c_/ad_/bjjd #c_/ad_/bjjd #c_/ab_/bjjd #c_/aa_/bjjd #c_/i_/bjjd #c_/i_/bjjd #b_/bh_/bjjd #b_/bg_/bjjd ,humphrey at ,gusev ,crater1 ,mars1 the ,mars ,exploration ,rover ,spirit's landing site4 ,spirit examined the lumpy rock with its suite of scientific instruments both before and after it drilled a hole into the rock surface on the #fjth martian day1 or sol1 of its mission4 ,humphrey was one of several stops on the rover's way to the large crater dubbed ,bonneville4 #b_/bg_/bjjd #b_/bg_/bjjd ,the large1 shadowed rock in the foreground is nicknamed ,sandia for a mountain range in ,new ,mexico4 ,an imposing rock1 ,sandia is about #cc centimeters high and about #a4g meters long4 ,when lightened1 this image reveals much about the pictured rocks1 which the science team believes are ejected material1 or ejecta1 from the nearby crater called ,bonneville4 ,scientists believe ,sandia is a basaltic rock that landed on its side after being ejected from the crater4 ,the vertical lines on the side of the rock facing the camera are known by geologists as flow banding and typically run horizontally1 indicating that ,sandia is on its side4 ,what look like small holes on the two visible sides of the rock are called vesicles2 they were probably once gas bubbles within the lava4 ,many smaller rocks can be seen in the background of the image4 ,some rocks are completely exposed1 while others are only peeking out of the surface4 ,scientists believe that two processes might be at work here3 accretion1 which occurs when winds deposit material that slowly buries many of the rocks2 and deflation1 which occurs when surface material is removed by wind1 exposing more and more of the rocks4 #b_/bf_/bjjd #b_/ah_/bjjd #b_/ah_/bjjd #b_/ag_/bjjd #b_/ad_/bjjd #b_/ad_/bjjd #b_/ad_/bjjd #b_/ad_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd #b_/ac_/bjjd ,magnetic dust collector #b_/ab_/bjjd #b_/aj_/bjjd ,white ,boat is the first rock target that ,spirit drove to after finishing a series of investigations on the rock ,adirondack4 ,white ,boat stood out to scientists due to its light color and more tabular shape compared to the dark1 rounded rocks that surround it4 #b_/i_/bjjd ,this is the ,spirit's arm that does brushing1 grinding1 and drilling4 #b_/f_/bjjd ,this is the ,spirit's arm that does brushing1 grinding1 and drilling4 #b_/b_/bjjd ,spirit ,photos