,,phases ,,( ,,fai? - or - ,,passages ,,f ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,my ,,cre$4 ,francis ,william ,newman1 #ahgd ,,preface ,,to ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,?is is p]haps an egoti/ical book2 egoti/ical c]ta9ly 9 its =m1 yet n 9 its purport & ess5ce4 ,p]sonal reasons ! writ] _c :olly dis[n1 = desir+ to expla9 himself to m ?an a few1 :o on religi\s gr\nds are unju/ly ali5at$ f him4 ,if by any motive ( curiosity or l+]+ remembrances !y may be l$ to read 8 /raight=w>d acc\nt1 he tru/s to be able to %[ !m t he has _h no *oice b to adopt ! intellectual conclusions :i* (f5d !m2--t ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & him turns on que/ions ( ,le>n+1 ,hi/ory1 ,criticism & ,ab/ract ,?\ght2--& t to make _! results 7if inde$ !y h ev] deeply & hone/ly inve/igat$ ! matt]7 ! te/s ( 8 spiritual /ate1 is to employ unju/ weights & a false balance1 :i* are an abom9ation to ! ,"l4 ,to defraud "o's neighb\r ( any ti! ( m9t & cumm91 w\ld seem to !m a s93 is x less to )hold affection1 tru/ & free int]c\rse1 & build up unpassable b>ri]s ( coldness & al>m1 aga9/ "o ^: sole (f5ce is to diff] f !m intellectually8 ,b ! argum5t be=e ! writ] is some?+ imm5sely great] ?an a p]sonal "o4 ,s x happ5s1 t to v9dicate himself is to e/abli% a mighty tru?2 a tru? :i* c 9 no o!r way s well ent] ! he>t1 z :5 x comes embodi$ 9 an individual case4 ,if he c %[1 t to h %runk f 8 successive convictions w\ld h be5 infidelity to ,god & ,tru? & ,righte\sness2 b t he has be5 fai?ful to ! highe/ & mo/ urg5t duty2--x w be made cle> t ,belief is "o ?+ & ,fai? ano!r2 t to believe is intellectual1 nay possibly e>?ly1 devili%2 & t to set up any fix$ cre$ z a te/ ( spiritual "* is a mo/ unju/1 oppressive & mis*iev\s sup]/ition4 ,! hi/orical =m has be5 delib]ately select$1 z easi] & m int]e/+ to ! read]2 b x mu/ n be imag9$ t ! au?or has giv5 8 m5tal hi/ory 9 g5]al1 mu* less an autobiography4 ,! progress ( 8 cre$ is 8 sole subject2 & o!r topics are introduc$ ei!r to illu/rate ?is or z digressions sugge/$ by x4 ,m>* #bbnd1 #ahej4 ,,preface ,,to ,,six? ,,edition ,i _h long ?\ght t ! elaborate reply made = me 9 ! ,prospective ,review 7#ahed7 to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,rog]s's ,def5ce ( ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?1 sup]s$$ any?+ m f my p54 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( six ye>s a review is =gott5 & buri$ away1 :ile ,mr4 ,rog]s is circulat+ ! n9? edition ( 8 misrepres5tations4 ,z my publi%] ann\nces to me ! opportunity1 ,i at l5g? cons5t to reply myself to ! ,def5ce1 cancell+ :at 0 previ\sly my la/ *apt]1 writt5 aga9/ ! ,eclipse4 ,all t foll[s p4 #age 9 ?is edition is new4 ,june1 #ahfj4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,,my ,,y\?ful ,,cre$ ,,ii4 ,,/riv+s ,,aft] ,a ,,m ,,primitive ,,*ri/ianity ,,iii4 ,,calv9ism ,,ab&on$ ,,iv4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,,r5\nc$ ,v4 ,,fai? ,,at ,,second ,,h& ,,f\nd ,,to ,,be ,,va9 ,,vi4 ,,hi/ory ,,discov]$ ,,to ,,be ,,no ,,"p ,,( ,,religion ,,vii4 ,,on ,,! ,,moral ,,p]fection ,,( ,,jesus ,,viii4 ,,on ,,bigotry ,,& ,,progress ,,ix4 ,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,def5ce ,,( ,,! ,,eclipse ,,( ,,fai? ,,app5dix ,i ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,phases ,,( ,,fai?4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,my ,,y\?ful ,,cre$4 ,i fir/ began to read religi\s books at s*ool1 & especially ! ,bible1 :5 ,i 0 elev5 ye>s old2 & almo/ imm$iately comm5c$ a habit ( secret pray]4 ,b x 0 n until ,i 0 f\rte5 t ,i ga9$ any def9ite idea ( a s*eme ( doctr9e1 or c\ld h be5 call$ a conv]t$ p]son by "o ( ! ,evangelical ,s*ool4 ,my religion !n c]ta9ly ex]t$ a great g5]al influ5ce ov] my conduct2 = ,i soon und]w5t v>i\s p]secution f my s*oolfell[s on acc\nt ( x3 ! wor/ k9d consi/$ 9 _! delib]ate attempts to corrupt me4 ,an ,evangelical cl]gyman at ! s*ool ga9$ my affections1 & f him ,i imbib$ m & m di/9ctly ! full cre$ :i* di/+ui%es t body ( m52 a body ^: bright side ,i %all ev] appreciate1 9 spite ( my pres5t p]ception t !y h a d>k side also4 ,i well rememb]1 t "o day :5 ,i said to ?is fri5d ( m9e1 t ,i c\ld n und]/& h[ ! doctr9e ( ,election 0 reconcilable to ,god's ,ju/ice1 b suppos$ t ,i %\ld "k ?is 9 due "t1 if ,i wait$ & believ$ ,8 ^w2--he repli$ ) emphatic comm5dation1 t ?is 0 ! _s :i* ,god always bless$4 ,su* 0 ! beg9n+ & f\ndation ( my fai?1--an unhesitat+ unconditional acceptance ( :atev] 0 f\nd 9 ! ,bible4 ,:ile ,i am f> f say+ t my :ole moral conduct 0 subjugat$ by my cre$1 ,i mu/ insi/ t x 0 no m]e fancy re/+ 9 my intellect3 x 0 really op]ative on my temp]1 ta/es1 pursuits & conduct4 ,:5 ,i 0 sixte51 9 #ahba1 ,i 0 confirm$ by ,dr4 ,h[ley1 !n ,bi%op ( ,london1 & endeav\r$ to take on myself ) great] decision & m consci5ti\s consi/5cy ! :ole yoke ( ,*ri/4 ,e ?+ 9 ! ,s]vice 0 solemn to me1 except ! bi%op3 he seem$ to me a made-up man & a m]e pageant4 ,i also rememb] t :5 ,i 0 exam9$ by ! cl]gyman = confirmation1 x tr\bl$ me mu* t he only put que/ions :i* te/$ my memory conc]n+ ! ,cate*ism & o!r =mulas1 in/ead ( try+ to f9d out :e!r ,i _h any actual fai? 9 t ab\t :i* ,i 0 to be call$ to pr(ess fai?3 ,i 0 n !n aw>e t 8 sole duty 0 to try my k4 ,b ,i already felt ke5ly ! *asm t sep>at$ ! ,high f ! ,l[ ,*ur*2 & t x 0 impossible = me to sympa?ize ) ^? :o imag9$ t ,=ms c\ld comm& ! ,_s4 ,yet s entirely 0 ,i enslav$ to "o ,=m1--t ( obs]v+ ! ,sunday1 or1 z ,i _h le>n$ falsely to call x1 ! ,sabba?1--t ,i fell into pa9ful & injuri\s conflict ) a sup]ior k9sman1 by refus+ to obey 8 ord]s on ! ,sunday4 ,he attempt$ to deal ) me by m]e au?ority1 n by in/ruction2 & to yield my consci5ce to au?ority w\ld h be5 to yield up all spiritual life4 ,i err$1 b ,i 0 fai?ful to ,god4 ,:5 ,i 0 r m ?an sev5te51 ,i subscrib$ ! #ci ,articles at ,ox=d 9 ord] to be admitt$ to ! ,univ]sity4 ,subscription 0 no bondage1 b pleasure2 = ,i well knew & lov$ ! ,articles1 & look$ on !m z a great bulw>k ( ! tru?2 a bulw>k1 h[ev]1 n by be+ impos$1 b by ! spiritual & classical beauty :i* to me %one 9 !m4 ,b x 0 c]ta9 to me be=e ,i w5t to ,ox=d1 & manife/ 9 my fir/ acqua9tance ) x1 t v few academicians c\ld be said to believe !m4 ,( ! "y m51 n "o 9 five seem$ to h any religi\s convictions at all3 ! eld] resid5ts seldom or nev] %[$ sympa?y ) ! doctr9es t p]vade t =mula4 ,i felt f my fir/ day !re1 t ! sy/em ( compulsory subscription 0 holl[1 false1 & :olly evil4 ,ox=d is a pleasant place = mak+ fri5ds1--fri5ds ( all sorts t "y m5 wi%4 ,"o :o is above envy & scorns s]vility1--:o c praise & delight 9 all ! good qualities ( 8 equals 9 age1 & does n desire to set himself above !m1 or to vie ) 8 sup]iors 9 rank1--may h m ?an en\gh ( fri5ds1 = pleasure & = pr(it4 ,s c]ta9ly _h ,i2 yet no "o ( my equals ga9$ any asc5dancy ov] me1 nor p]haps c\ld ,i h look$ up to any = advice4 ,9 "s ! intellect1 9 o!rs ! religi\s qualities1 7 z yet insuffici5tly develop$3 9 "p also ,i want$ discrim9ation1 & did n well pick out ! pr(\nd] m9ds ( my acqua9tance4 ,h[ev]1 on my v fir/ resid5ce 9 ,college1 ,i receiv$ a useful lesson f ano!r fre%man1--a grave & ?\ghtful p]son1 old] 7,i imag9e7 ?an mo/ y\?s 9 _! fir/ t]m4 ,"s read]s may be amus$1 z well z surpriz$1 :5 ,i "n ! delicate "q on :i* ,i got into discussion ) my fell[ fre%man4 ,i _h le>n$ f ,evangelical books1 t !re is a tw(old imputation to e sa9t1--n ( ! suff]+s only1 b also ( ! righte\sness ( ,*ri/4 ,!y alleg$ t1 :ile ! suff]+s ( ,jesus are a comp5sation = ! guilt ( ! believ] & make him innoc5t1 yet ?is suffices n to give him a title to heav5ly glory2 = :i* he mu/ ov] & above be inve/$ 9 active righte\sness1 by all ,*ri/'s good works be+ made ov] to him4 ,my new fri5d conte/$ ! latt] "p ( ! doctr9e4 ,admitt+ fully t guilt is aton$ = by ! suff]+s ( ! ,savi\r1 he yet ma9ta9$1 !re 0 no f>!r imputation ( ,*ri/'s active s]vice z if x _h be5 our s]vice4 ,aft] a r %>p controv]sy1 ,i 0 s5t back to /udy ! matt] = myself1 especially 9 ! ?ird & f\r? *apt]s ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans2 & "s weeks aft]1 freely av[$ to him t ,i 0 conv9c$4 ,su* 0 my fir/ ef=t at indep5d5t ?\ght aga9/ ! tea*+ ( my spiritual fa!rs1 & ,i suppose x _h mu* value = me4 ,?is fri5d might probably h be5 ( s]vice to me1 ?\gh he 0 r cold & lawy]like2 b he 0 abruptly )drawn f ,ox=d to be employ$ 9 active life4 ,i fir/ receiv$ a tempor>y discom=t ab\t ! #ci ,articles f an irreligi\s "y man1 :o _h be5 my s*oolfell[2 :o "o day attack$ ! article :i* ass]ts t ,*ri/ c>ri$ 8 fle% & bones ) him into heav54 ,i 0 n mov$ by ! physical absurdity :i* ?is y\? m]cilessly d]id$2 & ,i repell$ 8 objections z on impiety4 ,b ,i aft]w>ds rememb]$ ! text1 ,fle% & blood %all n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god2 & x seem$ to me z if ! compil] _h really gone a little too f>4 ,if ,i _h imm$iately !n be5 call$ on to subscribe1 ,i suppose x w\ld h some:at discompos$ me2 b z "t w5t on1 ,i =got ?is small po9t1 :i* 0 swall[$ up by o!rs m important4 ,yet ,i believe t h5ce=? a great] disposition to criticize ! ,articles grew ^u me4 ,! fir/ novel op9ion ( any great importance t ,i actually embrac$1 s z to give r\ghness to my c\rse1 0 t :i* _m !n call$ ! ,oriel h]esy ab\t ,sunday4 ,oriel ,college at ?is "t conta9$ _m active & sev]al orig9al m9ds2 & x 0 rum\r$ t "o ( ! ,fell[s rejoic$ 9 see+ 8 p>i%ion]s play at cricket on ,sunday3 ,i d n "k :e!r t 0 true1 b s x 0 said4 ,ano!r ( !m prea*$ an excell5t s]mon be=e ! ,univ]sity1 cle>ly %[+ t ,sunday _h no?+ to d ) ! ,sabba?1 nor ! ,sabba? ) u1 & inculcat+ on its own gr\nd a wise & dev\t use ( ! ,sunday h\rs4 ,! evid5tly pi\s & s9c]e tone ( ?is disc\rse impress$ me1 & ,i felt t ,i _h no "r to reject z pr(ane & undes]v+ ( exam9ation ! doctr9e :i* x en=c$4 ,accord+ly ,i ent]$ into a ?or\gh se>*+ ( ! ,scripture )\t bias1 & 0 amaz$ to f9d h[ baseless 0 ! t5et = :i* 9 fact ,i _h endur$ a sort ( m>tyrdom4 ,?is1 ,i believe1 _h a great effect 9 %[+ me h[ little "r we h at any "t to c\nt on our op9ions z f9al tru?1 h[ev] necess>y !y may j !n be felt to our spiritual life4 ,i 0 also sc&aliz$ to f9d h[ little c&\r or disc]nm5t "s ,evangelical fri5ds1 ) :om ,i communicat$1 display$ 9 discuss+ ! subject4 ,9 fact1 ?is op5$ to me a l>ge sph]e ( new ?\ght4 ,9 ! inve/igation1 ,i _h le>n$1 m di/9ctly ?an be=e1 t ! preceptive code ( ! ,law 0 an ess5tially imp]fect & tempor>y sy/em1 giv5 = ! h>dness ( m5's he>ts4 ,i 0 ?us prep>$ to ent] into ! ,lectures on ,prophecy1 by ano!r ,oriel ,fell[1--,mr4 ,davison1--9 :i* he traces ! successive improvem5ts & developm5ts ( religi\s doctr9e1 f ! patri>*al sy/em onw>d4 ,i 9 consequ5ce enjoy$ ) new ze/ ! epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul1 :i* ,i read z ) fre% eyes2 & n[ und]/ood some:at bett] 8 :ole doctr9e ( ! ,_s1 ! com+ ( :i* _h br\ght ! *ur* out ( h] *ildi% into a mature condition1 & by e/abli%+ a high] law _h aboli%$ t ( ! lett]4 ,into ?is view ,i ent]$ ) s eag] an int]e/1 t ,i felt no bondage ( ! lett] 9 ,paul's own words3 8 wisdom 0 too mu* above me to all[ free criticism ( 8 weak po9ts4 ,at ! same "t1 ! sy/ematic use ( ! ,old ,te/am5t by ! ,puritans1 z if x 7 ! rule ( life to ,*ri/ians1 ,i saw to be a gl>+ mi/ake1 int5sely oppos$ to ! ,paul9e doctr9e4 ,?is discov]y1 moreov]1 soon became important to me1 z furni%+ a ready evasion ( objections aga9/ ! meagre or pu]ile views ( ! ,p5tateu*2 = )\t v m9ute inquiry h[ f> ,i mu/ g to make ! def5ce adequate1 ,i gave a g5]al reply1 t ! ,new ,te/am5t confess$ ! imp]fections ( ! old] disp5sation4 ,i /ill presum$ ! ,old to h be5 p]fect = its own objects & 9 its own place2 & _h n def9$ to myself h[ f> x 0 correct or absurd1 to imag9e morality to *ange ) "t & circum/ances4 ,be=e long1 gr\nd 0 brok5 9 my m9d on a /ill m critical "q1 by ano!r ,fell[ ( a ,college2 :o ma9ta9$ t no?+ b unbelief c\ld arise out ( ! attempt to und]/& 9 :at way & by :at moral "r ! blood ( ,*ri/ aton$ = s9s4 ,he said1 t he b[$ be=e ! doctr9e z "o ( ,revelation1 & accept$ x rev]5tially by an act ( fai?2 b t he c]ta9ly felt unable to und]/& :y ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 any m ?an ! ,mosaic sacrifices1 %\ld comp5sate = ! puni%m5t ( our s9s4 ,c\ld c>nal reason disc]n t human or div9e blood1 any m ?an t ( bea/s1 _h efficacy to make ! s9n] z x 7 s9less8 ,x appe>$ to him a necess>ily inscrutable my/]y1 into :i* we ought n to look4--,! matt] be+ ?us =c$ on my att5tion1 ,i c]ta9ly saw t to e/abli% ! ab/ract moral "r & ju/ice ( vic>i\s puni%m5t 0 n easy1 & t to make out ! fact ( any comp5sation--7i4e4 t ,jesus really endur$ on ! cross a true equival5t = ! et]nal suff]+s due to ! :ole human race17--0 h>d] /ill4 ,nev]!less ,i _h difficulty 9 adopt+ ! conclusions ( ?is g5tleman2 ,,fir/1 because1 9 a passage ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 ! sacr$ writ]1 9 argu+--,= x is impossible t ! blood ( bulls & goats c take away s9s1 c41 c4444--seems to expect 8 read]s to see an inh]5t impropriety 9 ! sacrifices ( ! ,law1 & an inh]5t moral fitness 9 ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/4 ,,secondly3 ,i _h always be5 accu/om$ to he> t x 0 by see+ ! moral fitness ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t1 t conv]ts to ,*ri/ianity 7 *iefly made3 s said ! ,moravians among ! ,gre5l&]s1 s ,bra9]d among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 s ,engli% mission>ies among ! negroes at ,si]ra ,leone3--& ,i c\ld n at all r5\nce ?is idea4 ,inde$ ,i seem$ to myself to see ?is fitness mo/ emphatically2 & z = ! =5sic difficulties1 ,i pass$ !m ov] ) a c]ta9 consci\s rev]5ce4 ,i 0 n z yet ripe = deep] inquiry3 yet ,i1 ab\t ?is "t1 decid$ly modifi$ my boyi% cre$ on ! subject1 on :i* m w be said bel[4 ,( m imm$iate practical importance to me 0 ! controv]sy conc]n+ ,infant ,baptism4 ,= sev]al ye>s toge!r ,i _h be5 m or less conv]sant ) ! argum5ts adduc$ = ! practice2 & at ?is "t ,i read ,wall's def5ce ( x1 :i* 0 ! book specially recomm5d$ at ,ox=d4 ,! p]usal br\ght to a head ! d\bts :i* _h at an e>li] p]iod flitt$ ov] my m9d4 ,wall's hi/orical attempt to trace ,infant ,baptism up to ! apo/les seem$ to me a cle> failure3#a & if he fail$1 !n :o 0 likely to succe$8 ,! argum5ts f ,scripture _h nev] recomm5d$ !mselves to me4 ,ev5 all[+ t !y might confirm1 !y c]ta9ly c\ld n sugge/ & e/abli% ! practice4 ,x n[ appe>$ t !re 0 no basis at all2 inde$1 sev]al ( ! argum5ts /ruck me z cutt+ ! o!r way4 ,suff] little *ildr5 to come unto me1 urg$ z decisive3 b x occurr$ to me t ! disciples w\ld n h scold$ ! little *ildr5 away1 if !y _h ev] be5 accu/om$ to baptize !m4 ,wall also1 if ,i rememb] aright1 decl>es t ! *ildr5 ( proselytes 7 baptiz$ by ! ,jews2 & d$uces1 t unless ! contr>y 7 /at$1 we mu/ assume t also ,*ri/'s disciples baptiz$ *ildr53 b ,i reflect$ t ! baptism ( ,john 0 "o ( rep5tance1 & !re=e c\ld n h be5 adm9i/]$ to infants2 :i* 7if prec$5t is to guide u7 af=d$ ! tru] presumption conc]n+ ,*ri/ian baptism4 ,prepossessions be+ ?us ov]?r[n1 :5 ,i read ! apo/olic epi/les ) a view to ?is special "q1 ! pro( s multipli$ aga9/ ! ,*ur* doctr9e1 t ,i did n see :at 0 left to be said = x4 ,i talk$ mu* & freely ( ?is1 z ( mo/ o!r topics1 ) equals 9 age1 :o took int]e/ 9 religi\s que/ions2 b ! m ! matt]s 7 discuss$1 ! m decid$ly impossible x seem$ to ma9ta9 t ! popul> ,*ur* views 7 apo/olic4 ,"h also1 z be=e1 ! ,evangelical cl]gy :om ,i consult$ 7 f\nd by me a brok5 re$4 ,! cl]ical fri5d :om ,i _h kn[n at s*ool wrote k9dly to me1 b q decl9$ attempt+ to solve my d\bts2 & 9 o!r qu>t]s ,i soon saw t no fre% light 0 to be got4 ,"o p]son !re 0 at ,ox=d1 :o might h seem$ my natural advis]2 8 "n1 "*1 & religi\s peculi>ities h be5 s made public prop]ty1 t ,i ne$ n %r9k to "n him3--,i mean my eld] bro!r1 ! ,rev4 ,john ,h5ry ,newman4 ,z a w>m-he>t$ & g5]\s bro!r1 :o ex]cis$ t[>ds me pat]nal c>es1 ,i e/eem$ him & felt a deep gratitude2 z a man ( v>i\s culture1 & peculi> g5ius1 ,i admir$ & 0 pr\d ( him2 b my doctr9al religion imp$$ my lov+ him z mu* z he des]v$1 & ev5 ju/ifi$ my feel+ "s di/ru/ ( him4 ,he nev] %[$ any /rong attraction t[>ds ^? :om ,i reg>d$ z spiritual p]sons3 on ! contr>y1 ,i ?\ght him /iff & cold t[>ds !m4 ,moreov]1 soon aft] 8 ord9ation1 he _h />tl$ & di/ress$ me by adopt+ ! doctr9e ( ,baptismal ,reg5]ation2 & 9 rapid succession work$ out views :i* ,i reg>d$ z full-bl[n ,pop]y4 ,i speak ( ! ye>s #ahbc-f3 x is /range to ?9k t tw5ty ye>s m _h to pass be=e he le>nt ! place to :i* 8 doctr9es belong$4 ,9 ! e>lie/ p]iod ( my ,ox=d resid5ce ,i fell into uneasy collision ) him conc]n+ ,episcopal p[]s4 ,i _h on "o occasion dropt some?+ disrespectful aga9/ bi%ops or a bi%op1--some?+ :i*1 if x _h be5 said ab\t a cl]gyman1 w\ld h pass$ unnotic$3 b my bro!r *eck$ & reprov$ me1--z ,i ?\ght1 v un9/ructively--= want+ rev]5ce t[>ds ,bi%ops4 ,i knew n !n1 & ,i "k n n[1 :y ,bi%ops1 z su*1 %\ld be m rev]5c$ ?an common cl]gym52 or ,cl]gym51 z su*1 m ?an common m54 ,9 ! ,_w ,i expect$ pomp & va9 %[ & =mality & c\nt]feits3 b ( ! ,*ur*1 z ,*ri/'s own k+dom1 ,i dem&$ reality & c\ld n dige/ legal fictions4 ,i saw r\nd me :at sort ( "y m5 7 prep>+ to be cl]gym53 ,i knew ! attractions ( family liv+s & fell[%ips1 & ( a respectable position & undef9able hopes ( pref]m5t4 ,i f>!r knew1 t :5 y\?s _h become cl]gym5 ?r\gh a great v>iety ( mix$ motives1 bi%ops 7 select$ out ( ^! cl]gy on av[$ly political gr\nds2 x !re=e amaz$ me h[ a man ( good s5se %\ld be able to set up a duty ( religi\s v5]ation t[>ds bi%ops4 ,i 0 will+ to hon\r a ,"l ,bi%op z a pe] ( ,p>liam5t2 b 8 (fice 0 to me no gu>antee ( spiritual em95ce4--,to f9d my bro!r ?us /op my m\?1 0 a puzzle2 & imp$$ all free spee* t[>ds him4 ,9 fact1 ,i v soon left (f ! attempt at intimate religi\s int]c\rse ) him1 or ask+ c\nsel z ( "o :o c\ld sympa?ize4 ,we talk$1 inde$1 a great deal on ! surface ( religi\s matt]s2 & on "s que/ions ,i 0 ov]p[]$ & receiv$ a tempor>y bias f 8 sup]ior k2 b z "t w5t on1 & my own intellect rip5$1 ,i di/9ctly felt t 8 argum5ts 7 too f9e-drawn & subtle1 (t5 elaborately miss+ ! moral po9ts & ! ma9 po9ts1 to re/ on "s ecclesia/ical fiction2 & 8 conclusions 7 to me s m>vell\s & pa9ful1 t ,i con/antly ?\ght ,i _h mi/ak5 him4 ,9 %ort1 he 0 my s5ior by a v few ye>s3 nor 0 !re any eld] resid5t at ,ox=d1 accessible to me1 :o unit$ all ! qualities :i* ,i want$ 9 an advis]4 ,no?+ 0 left = me b to ca/ myself on ,him :o is nam$ ! ,fa!r ( ,lights1 & resolve to foll[ ! light :i* ,he might give1 h[ev] oppos$ to my own prejudices1 & h[ev] ,i might be condemn$ by m54 ,?is solemn engagem5t ,i made 9 e>ly y\?1 & nei!r ! fr[ns nor ! grief ( my bre?r5 c make me a%am$ ( x 9 my manhood4 ,among ! religi\s au?ors :om ,i read famili>ly 0 ! ,rev4 ,t4 ,scott1 ( ,a/on ,s&=d1 a r dull1 v unorig9al1 half-educat$1 b hone/1 wor?y1 s5sible1 /rong-m9d$ man1 ^: works 7 !n mu* 9 vogue among ! ,evangelicals4 ,"o day my att5tion 0 arre/$ by a s5t5ce 9 8 def5ce ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,he compla9$ t ,anti-,tr9it>ians unju/ly *>g$ ,tr9it>ians ) self-contradiction4 ,if inde$ we said 7argu$ he7 t ,god is ?ree 9 ! same s5se z t 9 :i* ,he is "o1 t w\ld be self-refut+2 b we hold ,him to be ?ree 9 "o s5se1 & "o 9 ano!r4 ,x cross$ my m9d v =cibly1 t1 if t 0 all1 ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ _h gratuit\sly inv5t$ an enigma4 ,i ex*ang$ ?\ghts on ?is ) an und]graduate fri5d1 & got no fre% light3 9 fact1 ,i fe>$ to be pr(ane1 if ,i attempt$ to und]/& ! subject4 ,yet x came di/9ctly home to me1 t1 :atev] ! dep? ( ! my/]y1 if we lay d[n any?+ ab\t x at all1 we ought to und]/& our own words2 & ,i pres5tly augur$ t ,tillotson _h be5 "r 9 wi%+ our ,*ur* well rid ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$2 :i* seem$ a m]e (f5sive blurt+ out ( intellectual difficulties4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 no d\bts1 ev5 ( a pass+ k9d1 = ye>s to come1 conc]n+ ! sub/antial tru? & c]ta9ty ( ! ecclesia/ical ,tr9ity4 ,:5 ! p]iod arriv$ = tak+ my ,ba*elors degree1 x 0 requisite aga9 to sign ! #ci ,articles1 & ,i n[ f\nd myself emb>rass$ by ! "q ( ,infant ,baptism4 ,"o ( ! articles conta9s ! foll[+ words1 ,! baptism ( "y *ildr5 is 9 any wise to be reta9$1 z mo/ agreeable to ! in/itution ( ,*ri/4 ,i 0 unable to conceal f myself t ,i did n believe ?is s5t5ce2 & ,i 0 on ! po9t ( refus+ to take my degree4 ,i ov]came my scruples by consid]+1 #a4 ,t conc]n+ ?is doctr9e ,i _h no active dis-belief1 on :i* ,i w\ld take any practical /ep1 z ,i felt myself too "y to make any c\nt]decl>ation3 #b4 ,t x _h no possible practical mean+ to me1 s9ce ,i c\ld n be call$ on to baptize1 nor to give a *ild = baptism4 ,?us ,i p]suad$ myself4 ,yet ,i _h n an easy consci5ce1 nor c ,i n[ def5d my compromise2 = ,i believe t my repugnance to ,infant ,baptism 0 really int5se1 & my conviction t x is unapo/olic z /rong !n z n[4 ,! topic ( my y\? 0 irrelevant2 =1 if ,i 0 n too "y to subscribe1 ,i 0 n too "y to refuse subscription4 ,! argum5t t ! article 0 unpractical to me1 goes to prove1 t if ,i 7 ord]$ by a despot to qualify myself = a place 9 ! ,*ur* by solemnly r5\nc+ ! fir/ book ( ,euclid z false1 ,i might d s )\t any loss ( moral dignity4 ,altoge!r1 ?is humiliat+ affair %[$ me :at a trap = ! consci5ce ^! subscriptions are3 h[ com=tably !y are pass$ :ile ! intellect is torpid or immature1 or :]e ! consci5ce is call\s1 b h[ !y und]m9e tru?fulness 9 ! active ?9k]1 & torture ! s5sitiv5ess ( ! t5d]m9d$4 ,z long z !y are ma9ta9$1 9 ,*ur* or ,univ]sity1 ^! in/itutions ex]t a positive influ5ce to deprave or eject ^? :o ought to be _! mo/ useful & hon\r$ memb]s4 ,x 0 already break+ ^u me1 t ,i c\ld n fulfil ! dreams ( my boyhood z a m9i/] 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,=1 suppos+ t ) increas$ k ,i might arrive at ! conclusion t ,infant ,baptism 0 a =e-arrang$ developm5t1--n inde$ practis$ 9 ! fir/ g5]ation1 b exp$i5t1 ju/ifiable1 & int5d$ = ! second1 & probably !n sanction$ by "o /ill liv+ apo/le1--ev5 s1 ,i =esaw ! /ill great] difficulty ( ,baptismal ,reg5]ation beh9d4 ,= any "o to av[ t ,reg5]ation took place 9 ,baptism1 seem$ to me little %ort ( a confession t he _h nev] himself exp]i5c$ :at ,reg5]ation is4 ,if ,i c\ld !n h be5 conv9c$ t ! apo/les taught no o!r reg5]ation1 ,i almo/ ?9k t ev5 _! au?ority w\ld h snapt "u ! /ra93 b ?is is idle !ory2 = x 0 z cle> z daylight to me t !y held a totally diff]5t doctr9e1 & t ! ,high ,*ur* & ,popi% fancy is a sup]/iti\s p]v]sion1 bas$ ^u c>nal inability to und]/& a /rong spiritual metaphor4 ,on ! o!r h&1 my bro!r's argum5ts t ! ,baptismal ,s]vice ( ! ,*ur* taught spiritual reg5]ation dur+ ! ord9ance1 7 %ort1 simple1 & ov]:elm+4 ,to imag9e a tw(old spiritual reg5]ation 0 evid5tly a hypo!sis to s]ve a turn1 nor 9 any ( ! ,*ur* =mulas 0 su* an idea broa*$4 ,nor c\ld ,i hope = relief by se>*+ ?r\gh ! ,homilies or by draw+ d$uctions f ! ,articles3 = if ,i !re elicit$ a tru] doctr9e1 x w\ld nev] %[ ! ,baptismal ,s]vice n to tea* ! ,popi% t5et2 x w\ld m]ely prove ! ,*ur*-sy/em to conta9 contradictions1 & n to des]ve t absolute decl>ation ( its tru?1 :i* is dem&$ ( ,*ur* m9i/]s4 ,) little hope ( advantage1 ,i yet felt x a duty to consult _m ( ! ,evangelical cl]gym5 :om ,i knew1 & to ask h[ !y reconcil$ ! ,baptismal ,s]vice to _! consci5ces4 ,i f\nd 7if ,i rememb]7 ?ree sep>ate !ories among !m1--all evid5tly m]e %ifts inv5t$ to avoid ! disagreeable necessity ( resign+ _! functions4 ,n "o ( ^! good p seem$ to h ! mo/ remote idea t x 0 _! duty to inve/igate ! mean+ ( ! =mul>y ) ! same unbiass$ simplicity z if x belong$ to ! ,gallican ,*ur*4 ,!y did n seek to "k :at x 0 writt5 to mean1 nor :at s5se x mu/ c>ry to e simplem9d$ he>]2 b !y solely ask$1 h[ !y c\ld manage to assign to x a s5se n :olly irreconcilable ) _! own doctr9es & prea*+4 ,?is 0 too obvi\sly holl[4 ,! la/ g5tleman :om ,i consult$1 0 ! rector ( a p>i%1 :o f week to week baptiz$ *ildr5 ) ! prescrib$ =mula3 b to my amazem5t1 he told me t he did n l ! ,s]vice1 & did n approve ( ,infant ,baptism2 to bo? ( :i* ?+s he submitt$1 solely because1 z an inf]ior m9i/] ( ! ,*ur*1 x 0 8 duty to obey e/abli%$ au?ority6 ,! case 0 desp]ate4 ,b ,i may "h add1 t ?is cl]gyman1 )9 a few ye>s f t "t1 r$eem$ 8 fre$om & 8 consci5ce by ! pa9ful ordeal ( ab&on+ 8 position & 8 flock1 aga9/ ! remon/rances ( 8 wife1 to ! annoyance ( 8 fri5ds1 & ) a "y family ab\t him4 ,let no read] accept ! prec$+ p>agraph z my te/imony t ! ,evangelical cl]gy are less simplem9d$ & less hon\rable 9 _! subscriptions ?an ! ,high ,*ur*4 ,i d n say1 & ,i d n believe ?is4 ,all :o subscribe1 lab\r "u a common difficulty1 9 hav+ to give an absolute ass5t to =mulas t 7 made by a compromise & are n homog5e\s 9 "*4 ,to ! ,high ,*ur*man1 ! ,articles are a difficulty2 to ! ,l[ ,*ur*man1 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,liturgy4 ,all h to d viol5ce to "s portion ( ! sy/em2 & consid]+ at h[ e>ly an age !y are entrapp$ into subscription1 !y all des]ve our s9c]e sympa?y & v ample all[ance1 z long z !y are plead+ = ! rights ( consci5ce3 only :5 !y become ov]be>+1 dictatorial1 pr\d ( _! *a9s1 & desir\s ( eject+ o!rs1 does x seem "r to press !m ) ! topic ( inconsi/5cy4 ,!re 91 besides1 9 ! m9i/ry ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* a spr9kl+ ( orig9al m9ds1 :o _c be includ$ 9 ei!r ( ! two great divisions2 & f ^! priori "o might h hop$ mu* good to ! ,*ur*4 ,b su* p]sons no soon] speak out1 ?an ! two ho/ile p>ties hu% _! /rife1 9 ord] ! m effectually to ov]:elm ) j & unju/ imputations ^? :o d>e to utt] tru? t has n yet be5 consecrat$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t or by ,*ur* ,c\ncils4 ,among ^? :o h subscrib$1 to attack o!rs is easy1 to def5d oneself mo/ ardu\s4 ,recrim9ation is ! only p[]ful weapon2 & noble m9ds are a%am$ to use ?is4 ,no hope1 !re=e1 %[s itself ( ,re=m f )94--,= myself1 ,i feel t no?+ sav$ me f ! inf9ite di/resses :i* ,i %\ld h enc\nt]$1 _h ,i become a m9i/] ( ! ,episcopal ,*ur*1 b ! v unusual prematur5ess ( my religi\s developm5t4 ,besides ! great subject ( ,baptismal ,reg5]ation1 ! entire ,episcopal !ory & practice (f5d$ me4 ,h[ little fav\rably ,i 0 impress$1 :5 a boy1 by ! lawn sleeves1 wig1 artificial voice & mann] ( ! ,bi%op ( ,london1 ,i h already said3 b 9 six ye>s m1 read+ & obs]vation _h int5sely confirm$ my fir/ auguries4 ,x 0 cle> beyond d5ial1 t = a c5tury aft] ! dea? ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ! bi%ops 7 ! tools ( c\rt-bigotry1 & (t5 ow$ _! highe/ promotions to base subs]vi5ce4 ,aft] ! ,revolution1 ! ,episcopal ord] 7on a r\gh & g5]al view7 might be describ$ z a body ( sup9e p]sons1 kn[n to ! public only z a dead weight aga9/ all *ange t 0 di/a/eful to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury & a half1 ! nation 0 (t5 afflict$ ) s5sual royalty1 bloody w>s1 v5al /atesm51 corrupt con/itu5cies1 brib]y & viol5ce at elections1 flagiti\s drunk5ness p]vad+ all ranks1 & ins9uat+ itself into ,colleges & ,rectories4 ,! prisons ( ! c\ntry _h be5 9 a mo/ disgraceful /ate2 ! fairs & waits 7 sc5es ( rude debau*]y1 & ! !atres 7--/ill1 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury--:isp]$ to be haunts ( ! mo/ debas+ immorality4 ,i c\ld n le>n t any bi%op _h ev] tak5 ! lead 9 d5\nc+ ^! iniquities2 nor t :5 any man or class ( m5 rose to d5\nce !m1 ! ,episcopal ,ord] fail$ to ?r[ itself into ! brea* to def5d corruption by at lea/ passive resi/ance4 ,nei!r ,h[>d1 ,wesley & ,:itfield1 nor yet ,cl>kson1 ,wilb]=ce1 or ,romilly1 c\ld boa/ ( ! episcopal b5* z an ally aga9/ inhuman or immoral practices4 ,our oppressions 9 ,india1 & our sanction to ! mo/ cruel sup]/itions ( ! natives1 l$ to no outcry f ! ,bi%ops4 ,"u _! patronage ! two old ,societies ( ! ,*ur* _h gone to sleep until ar\s$ by ! ,*ur* ,mission>y & ,bible ,societies1 :i* 7 oppos$ by ! ,bi%ops4 ,_! policy seem$ to be1 to d no?+1 until somebody else 0 likely to d x2 ^u :i* !y at la/ jo9$ ! movem5t 9 ord] to damp its en]gy1 & get "s cr$it f x4 ,n[ :at 7 ,bi%ops =1 b to be ! orig9ators & en]getic organs ( all pi\s & good works8 & :at 7 !y 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords =1 if n to set a high] tone ( purity1 ju/ice1 & tru?8 & if !y nev] did ?is1 b weigh$ d[n ^? :o attempt$ x1 0 n t a condemnation 7n1 p]haps1 ( all possible ,episcopacy1 b7 ( ,episcopacy z x exi/s 9 ,engl&8 ,if su* a ?+ z a moral argum5t = ,*ri/ianity 0 admitt$ z valid1 surely ! above 0 a moral argum5t aga9/ ,engli% ,prelacy4 ,x 01 moreov]1 evid5t at a glance1 t ?is sy/em ( ours nei!r 01 nor c\ld h be51 apo/olic3 = z long z ! civil p[] 0 ho/ile to ! ,*ur*1 a ,"l bi%op nom9at$ by ! civil rul] 0 an impossibility3 & ?is x is1 :i* det]m9es ! moral & spiritual "* ( ! ,engli% in/itution1 n inde$ exclusively1 b preem95tly4 ,i /ill feel amazem5t at ! only def5ce :i* 7z f> z ,i "k7 ! pret5d$ foll[]s ( ,antiquity make = ! nom9ation ( bi%ops by ! ,cr[n4 ,9 ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies1 x is well kn[n t e new bi%op 0 elect$ by ! univ]sal suffrage ( ! laity ( ! *ur*2 & x is to ^! c5turies t ! ,high ,episcopalians love to appeal1 because !y c quote !nce out ( ,cyprian#b & o!rs 9 fav\r ( ,episcopal au?ority4 ,:5 ,i alleg$ ! dissimil>ity 9 ! mode ( election1 z fatal to ?is argum5t 9 ! m\? ( an ,engli% ,high ,*ur*man1 ,i 0 told t ! ,cr[n n[ repres5ts ! ,laity6 ,su* a fiction may be satisfactory to a pettifogg+ lawy]1 b z ! basis ( a spiritual sy/em is inde$ supremely contemptible4 ,) ^! consid]ations on my m9d1--:ile q aw>e t "s ( ! bi%ops 7 good & valuable m51--,i c\ld n help feel+ t x w\ld be a p]fect mis]y to me to h to address "o ( !m tak5 at r&om z my ,"r ,rev]5d ,fa!r 9 ,god1 :i* seem$ l a f\l hypocrisy2 & :5 ,i rememb]$ :o _h said1 ,call no man ,fa!r on e>?2 = "o is y\r ,fa!r1 :o is 9 heav53--words1 :i* n m]ely 9 ! lett]1 b /ill m di/9ctly 9 ! _s1 =bid ! /ate ( feel+ :i* sugge/$ ?is episcopal appellation1--x did appe> to me1 z if ,prelacy _h be5 rightly c\pl$ by ! ,scot* ,puritans ) ,pop]y z anti*ri/ian4 ,connect$ insep>ably ) ?is1 0 ! =m ( ,ord9ation1 :i*1 ! m ,i ?\ght ( x1 seem$ ! m (f5sively & outrage\sly ,popi%1 & q oppos$ to ! ,article on ! same subject4 ,9 ! ,article ,i read1 t we 7 to reg>d su* to be legitimate m9i/]s ( ! ^w1 z _h be5 duly appo9t$ to ?is "w by ^? :o h public au?ority = ! same4 ,x 0 evid5t to me t ?is v wide phrase 0 adapt$ & int5d$ to compreh5d ! public au?orities ( all ! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es1 & c\ld nev] h be5 select$ by "o :o wi%$ to n>r[ ! idea ( a legitimate m9i/] to ,episcopalian ,ord]s2 besides t we "k ,lu!ran & ,calv9i/ic m9i/]s to h be5 actually admitt$ 9 ! e>ly times ( ! ,re=m$ ,engli% ,*ur*1 by ! =ce ( t v ,article4 ,to ?is1 ! only g5u9e ,prote/ant view ( a ,*ur*1 ,i gave my mo/ cordial adh]5ce3 b :5 ,i turn$ to ! ,ord9ation ,s]vice1 ,i f\nd ! ,bi%op !re1 by 8 au?oritative voice1 absolutely to be/[ on ! c&idate = ,prie/hood ! p[] to =give or reta9 s9s6--,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/6 ,^: s9s ye =give1 !y are =giv53 ^: s9s ye reta91 !y are reta9$4 ,if ! ,bi%op really _h ?is p[]1 he ( c\rse _h x only z ,bi%op1 t is1 by 8 consecration2 ?us x 0 =mally transmitt$4 ,to all[ ?is1 ve/$ 9 all ! ,romi% bi%ops a spiritual p[] ( ! highe/ ord]1 & d5i$ ! legitimate prie/hood 9 ne>ly all ! ,cont95tal ,prote/ant ,*ur*es--a doctr9e irreconcilable ) ! article j ref]r$ to & intr9sically to me incr$ible4 ,t an unspiritual--& x may be1 a wick$--man1 :o c h no pure insight into dev\t & p5it5t he>ts1 & no communion ) ! ,s\rce ( holy disc]nm5t1 c\ld nev] receive by an outw>d =m ! div9e p[] to =give or reta9 s9s1 or ! p[] ( be/[+ ?is p[]1 0 to me !n1 z n[1 z cle> & c]ta9 z any possible fir/ axiom4 ,yet if ! ,bi%op _h n ?is p[]1 h[ pr(ane 0 ! pret5sion6 ,?us aga9 ,i came into rude collision ) ,engli% ,prelacy4 ,! ye> aft] tak+ my degree1 ,i made myself fully ma/] ( ,paley's acute & orig9al treatise1 ! ,hor ,paul91 & realiz$ ! :ole life ( ,paul z nev] be=e4 ,?is book greatly enl>g$ my m9d z to ! res\rces ( hi/orical criticism4 ,previ\sly1 my sole idea ( criticism 0 t ( ! direct disc]nm5t ( /yle2 b ,i n[ began to und]/& :at p[]ful argum5t rose out ( comb9ations3 & ! v complete e/abli%m5t :i* ?is "w gives to ! n>rative conc]n+ ,paul 9 ! latt] half ( ! ,acts1 appe>$ to me to reflect critical hon\r#c on ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! epi/les ( ?is great apo/le1 not)/&+ _! argum5tative difficulties1 ,i f\nd a moral reality & a dep? ( wisdom p]petually gr[+ ^u me ) acqua9tance3 9 contra/ to :i* ,i 0 consci\s t ,i made no progress 9 und]/&+ ! f\r gospels4 ,_! fir/ impression _h be5 _! /ronge/3 & _! difficulties rema9$ z fix$ blocks 9 my way4 ,0 ?is possibly because ,paul is a reason]1 7,i ask$78 h5ce1 ) ! cultivation ( my und]/&+1 ,i h ent]$ m easily into ! he>t ( 8 views3--:ile ,*ri/ enunciates div9e tru? dogmatically2 consequ5tly insight is ne$$ to und]/& him8 ,on ! contr>y1 h[ev]1 x seem$ to me1 t ! doctr9al difficulties ( ! gospels dep5d *iefly ei!r on obscure metaphor or on app>5t incoh]5ce3 & ,i timidly ask$ a fri5d1 :e!r ! dislocation ( ! disc\rses ( ,*ri/ by ! n>rators may n be "o reason :y !y are (t5 obscure3 = on comp>+ ,luke ) ,mat!w1 x appe>s t we _c d5y occasional dislocation4 ,if at ?is p]iod a ,g]man div9ity pr(essor _h be5 lectur+ at ,ox=d1 or ,g]man books _h be5 accessible to me1 x might h sav$ me long p]egr9ations ( body & m9d4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,i _h also begun to ?9k t ! old writ]s call$ ,fa!rs des]v$ b a small fraction ( ! rev]5ce :i* is aw>d$ to !m4 ,i _h be5 /rongly urg$ to read ,*ryso/om's "w on ! ,prie/hood1 by "o :o reg>d$ x z a suitable prep>ation = ,holy ,ord]s2 & ,i did read x4 ,b ,i n only ?\ght x inflat$1 & )\t moral dep?1 b :at 0 f> worse1 ,i enc\nt]$ 9 x an elaborate def5ce ( falsehood 9 ! cause ( ! ,*ur*1 & g5]ally ( deceit 9 any good cause4#d ,i rose f ! treatise 9 disgu/1 & = ! fir/ "t sympa?iz$ ) ,gibbon2 & augur$ t if he _h spok5 ) moral indignation1 in/ead ( pomp\s s>casm1 aga9/ ! frauds ( ! anci5t ,fa!rs1 8 bl[s w\ld h fall5 f> m heavily on ,*ri/ianity itself4 ,i also1 ) mu* ef=t & no pr(it1 read ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs4 ,( ^!1 ,clem5t alone seem$ to me respectable1 & ev5 he to write only :at ,i c\ld myself h writt51 ) ,paul & ,pet] to s]ve z a model4 ,b = ,b>nabas & ,h]mas ,i felt a contempt s pr(\nd1 t ,i c\ld h>dly believe !m g5u9e4 ,on ! :ole1 ?is read+ greatly exalt$ my s5se ( ! unapproa*able greatness#e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! moral *asm betwe5 x & ! v e>lie/ ,*ri/ian writ]s seem$ to me s va/1 z only to be acc\nt$ = by ! doctr9e 9 :i* all spiritual m5 7z ,i ?\ght7 unhesitat+ly agre$1--t ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 dictat$ by ! imm$iate action ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,! infatuation ( ^?1 :o1 aft] ?is1 re/$ on ! ,c\ncils1 0 to me un9telligible4 ,?us ! ,bible 9 its simplicity became only ! m all-rul+ to my judgm5t1 because ,i c\ld f9d no ,articles1 no ,*ur* ,decrees1 & no apo/olic individual1 ^: rule ov] my und]/&+ or consci5ce ,i c\ld be>4 ,su* may be conv5i5tly reg>d$ z ! fir/ p]iod ( my ,cre$4 ,footnote #a3 ,x 0 n until _m ye>s lat] t ,i became aw>e1 t unbias$ ecclesia/ical hi/orians1 z ,ne&] & o!rs1 :ile approv+ ( ! practice ( ,infant ,baptism1 freely conc$e t x is n apo/olic4 ,let ?is fact be my def5ce aga9/ critics1 :o sn>l at me = hav+ d>$1 at t age1 to come to any conclusion on su* a subject4 ,b1 9 fact1 ! subscriptions compel "y m5 to x4 ,footnote #b3 ,i rememb] read+ ab\t t "t a s5t5ce 9 "o ( 8 ,epi/les1 9 :i* ?is same ,cyprian1 ! e>lie/ m\?piece ( pr\d prelacy1 claims = ! populace supreme "r ( depos+ an unwor?y bi%op4 ,i quote ! words f memory1 & d n "k ! ref]5ce4 ,pleba summam habet pot5tatem episcopos seu dignos elig5di seu indignos detrud5di4 ,footnote #c3 ,a critic absurdly compla9s t ,i d n acc\nt = ?is4 ,acc\nt = :at8 ,i /ill hold ! au!nticity ( ne>ly all ! ,paul9e epi/les1 & t ! ,paul9e ,acts are compil$ f "s valuable s\rce1 f *ap4 xiii4 onw>d2 b x 0 gratuit\s to inf] t ?is c\ld accr$it ! f\r gospels4 ,footnote #d3 ,he argues f ! ,bible1 t a victory ga9$ by deceit is m to be e/eem$ ?an "o obta9$ by =ce2 & t1 provid$ ! end aim$ at be good1 we ought n to call x deceit1 b a sort ( admirable managem5t4 ,a le>n$ fri5d in=ms me t 9 8 #de? ,homily on ,g5esis1 ?is fa!r1 9 8 zeal to v9dicate ,scriptural *>act]s at any co/1 goes fur!r /ill 9 immorality4 ,my fri5d adds1 ,x is really frightful to reflect to :at guidance ! moral s5tim5t ( mank9d 0 committ$ = _m ages3 ,*ryso/om is usually consid]$ "o ( ! be/ ( ! fa!rs4 ,footnote #e3 ,i ?\ght t ! latt] "p ( ?is book w\ld suffici5tly %[ h[ & :y ,i n[ ne$ to modify ?is s5tim5t4 ,i n[ see ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t1 especially z exp\nd$ 9 ! ,epi/le ( ! ,hebrews1 to des]ve no hon\r4 ,i see false int]pretations ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to be dogmatically propos$ 9 ! ,new4 ,i see ! moral tea*+ conc]n+ ,patriotism1 ,prop]ty1 ,slav]y1 ,m>riage1 ,sci5ce1 & indirectly ,f9e ,art1 to be ess5tially defective1 & ! ?reats aga9/ unbelief to be a p]nici\s immorality4 ,see also p4 #hj4 ,:y w critics use my frankly-/at$ juv5ile op9ions z a /one to pelt me )8 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,/riv+s ,,aft] ,a ,,m ,,primitive ,,*ri/ianity4 ,my second p]iod is *>act]iz$1 p>tly by ! great asc5dancy ex]cis$ ov] me by "o p[]ful m9d & /ill m p[]ful w1 p>tly by ! vehem5t ef=t :i* ?r\gh\t its duration urg$ me to long aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ian ,fell[%ip 9 a purely ,biblical ,*ur* z ! fir/ great want ( ,*ri/5dom & ( ! _w4 ,i 0 already uneasy 9 ! s5se t ,i c\ld n ent] ! m9i/ry ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & knew n :at c\rse ( life to *oose4 ,i long$ to become a mission>y = ,*ri/ among ! hea!n1--a notion ,i _h (t5 fo/]$ :ile read+ ! lives ( mission>ies3 b aga91 ,i saw n h[ t 0 to be effect$4 ,aft] tak+ my degree1 ,i became a ,fell[ ( ,balliol ,college2 & ! next ye> ,i accept$ an invitation to ,irel&1 & !re became private tutor = fifte5 mon?s 9 ! h\se ( "o n[ deceas$1 ^: "n ,i w\ld gladly m5tion = hon\r & affection2--b ,i )hold my p54 ,:ile he repaid me munific5tly = my s]vices1 he behav$ t[>ds me z a fa!r1 or inde$ z an eld] bro!r1 & in/antly made me feel z a memb] ( 8 family4 ,8 great tal5ts1 high pr(essional /&+1 nobl5ess ( he>t & unfeign$ piety1 w\ld h made him a mo/ valuable c\nsellor to me3 b he 0 too g5tle1 too unassum+1 too mode/2 he look$ to be taught by 8 juniors1 & sat at ! feet ( "o :om ,i proce$ to describe4 ,?is 0 a "y relative ( 81--a mo/ rem>kable man1--:o rapidly ga9$ an imm5se sway ov] me4 ,i %all h5ce=? call him ! ,iri% cl]gyman4 ,8 bodily pres5ce 0 inde$ weak6 ,a fall5 *eek1 a blood%ot eye1 crippl$ limbs re/+ on crut*es1 a seldom %av5 be>d1 a %abby suit ( clo!s & a g5]ally neglect$ p]son1 drew at fir/ pity1 ) wond] to see su* a figure 9 a draw+-room4 ,x 0 curr5tly report$ t a p]son 9 ,lim]ick (f]$ him a halfp5ny1 mi/ak+ him = a begg>2 & if n true1 ! /ory 0 yet well inv5t$4 ,?is "y man _h tak5 high hon\rs 9 ,dubl9 ,univ]sity & _h /udi$ = ! b>1 :]e "u ! auspices ( 8 em95t k9sman he _h excell5t prospects2 b 8 consci5ce w\ld n all[ him to take a brief1 le/ he %\ld be sell+ 8 tal5ts to defeat ju/ice4 ,) ke5 logical p[]s1 he _h w>m sympa?ies1 solid judgm5t ( "*1 ?\ghtful t5d]ness1 & total self-ab&onm5t4 ,he be=e long took ,holy ,ord]s1 & became an indefatigable curate 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,wickl[4 ,e ev5+ he salli$ =? to tea* 9 ! cab9s1 & rov+ f> & wide ov] m\nta9 & amid bogs1 0 seldom home be=e midnight4 ,by su* ex]tions 8 /r5g? 0 und]m9$1 & he s suff]$ 9 8 limbs t n lam5ess only1 b yet m s]i\s results 7 fe>$4 ,he did n fa/ on purpose1 b 8 long walks ?r\gh wild c\ntry & indig5t p inflict$ on him mu* sev]e deprivation3 moreov]1 z he ate :atev] food (f]$ itself1--food unpalatable & (t5 indige/ible to him1 8 :ole frame might h vi$ 9 emaciation ) a monk ( ,la ,trappe4 ,su* a ph5om5on int5sely excit$ ! poor ,romani/s1 :o look$ on him z a g5u9e sa9t ( ! anci5t bre$4 ,! /amp ( heav5 seem$ to !m cle> 9 a frame s wa/$ by au/]ity1 s sup]ior to worldly pomp1 & s p>tak+ 9 all _! indig5ce4 ,t a doz5 su* m5 w\ld h done m to conv]t all ,irel& to ,prote/antism1 ?an ! :ole app>atus ( ! ,*ur* ,e/abli%m5t1 0 ere long my conviction2 ?\gh ,i 0 at fir/ (f5d$ by 8 app>5t affectation ( a mean ext]ior4 ,b ,i soon und]/ood1 t 9 no o!r way c\ld he ga9 equal access to ! l[] & l[e/ ord]s1 & t he 0 mov$ n by asceticism1 nor by o/5tation1 b by a self-ab&onm5t fruitful ( consequ5ces4 ,he _h practically giv5 up all read+ except t ( ! ,bible2 & no small "p ( 8 movem5t t[>ds me soon took ! =m ( dissuasion f all o!r volunt>y /udy4 ,9 fact1 ,i _h myself m & m conc5trat$ my religi\s read+ on ?is "o book3 /ill1 ,i c\ld n help feel+ ! value ( a cultivat$ m9d4 ,aga9/ ?is1 my new ecc5tric fri5d1 7himself hav+ enjoy$ no mean advantages ( cultivation17 direct$ 8 ke5e/ attacks4 ,i rememb] once say+ to him1 9 def5ce ( worldly /ation1--,to desire to be ri* is un*ri/ian & absurd2 b if ,i 7 ! fa!r ( *ildr51 ,i %\ld wi% to be ri* en\gh to secure !m a good education4 ,he repli$3 ,if ,i _h *ildr51 ,i w\ld z soon see !m break /ones on ! road1 z d any ?+ else1 if only ,i c\ld secure to !m ! ,gospel & ! grace ( ,god4 ,i 0 unable to say ,am51 b ,i admir$ 8 unfl9*+ consi/5cy2--= n[1 z always1 all he said 0 bas$ on texts aptly quot$ & logically en=c$4 ,he m & m made me a%am$ ( ,political ,economy & ,moral ,philosophy1 & all ,sci5ce2 all ( :i* ought to be c\nt$ dross = ! excell5cy ( ! k ( ,*ri/ ,jesus our ,"l4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 my life ,i saw a man e>ne/ly turn+ into reality ! pr9ciples :i* o!rs confess$ ) _! lips only4 ,t ! words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9$ ! highe/ tru? accessible to man1--tru? n to be tak5 f nor add$ to1--all good m5 7z ,i ?\ght7 confess$3 nev] be=e _h ,i se5 a man s resolv$ t no ^w ( x %\ld be a dead lett] to him4 ,i once said3 ,b d y really ?9k t no "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t may h be5 tempor>y 9 its object8 = in/ance1 :at %\ld we h lo/1 if ,/4 ,paul _h nev] writt5 ! v]se1 ',! cloak :i* ,i h left at ,troas1 br+ ) !e1 & ! books1 b especially ! p>*m5ts4' ,he answ]$ ) ! greate/ promptitude3 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly h lo/ some?+2 = t is exactly ! v]se :i* alone sav$ me f sell+ my little libr>y4 ,no6 e ^w1 dep5d ^u x1 is f ! ,_s1 & is = et]nal s]vice4 ,a political "q 0 j !n exce$+ly agitat+ ,irel&1 9 :i* ne>ly ev]ybody took a great int]e/2--x 01 ! propriety ( admitt+ ,romani/ memb]s ( ,p>liam5t4 ,^? :o 7 fav\rable to ! measure1 g5]ally advocat$ x by try+ to und]value ! *asm t sep>ates ,romi% f ,prote/ant doctr9e4 ,by su* argum5ts !y exce$+ly exasp]at$ ! real ,prote/ants1 &1 9 common ) all ar\nd me1 ,i totally repudiat$ t gr\nd ( compreh5sion4 ,b ,i c\ld n und]/& :y a broad]1 m g5]\s & e way saf] argum5t 0 n dwelt on2 viz4 ! une>?l9ess ( ! claims ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,:5 ,paul 0 prea*+ ! k+dom ( ,god 9 ! ,roman empire1 if a malici\s enemy _h decl>$ to a ,roman proconsul t ! ,*ri/ians 7 conspir+ to eject all ,pagans out ( ! s5ate & out ( ! public adm9i/ration2 :o c d\bt :at ,paul w\ld h repli$8--,! k+dom ( ,god is n ( ?is _w3 x is )9 ! he>t1 & consi/s 9 righte\sness1 peace & joy 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,^! are our hon\rs f ,god3 we ask n ! hon\rs ( empire & title4 ,our ,k+ is 9 heav52 & w 9 "t return to br+ to an end ^! e>?ly k+doms3 b until !n1 we claim no sup]iority ov] y on e>?4 ,z ! ri*es ( ?is _w1 s ! p[]s ( ?is _w belong to ano!r k+3 we d>e n try to appropriate !m 9 ! "n ( our heav5ly ,k+2 may1 we %\ld hold x z great a s9 to clut* empire = our *ur*es1 z to clut* weal?3 ,god =bid t we covet ei!r6--,b :at !n if ! enemy _h _h =esight to reply1 ,o proconsul1 ?is ,paul talks f9ely1 & p]haps s9c]ely3 b if s1 yet *eat n y\rself to ?9k t 8 foll[]s w tie !mselves to 8 mild equity & dis9t]e/$ness4 ,n[ inde$ !y are weak3 n[ !y pr(ess unworldl9ess & unambition3 !y wi% only to be recognis$ z peaceable subjects1 z citiz5s & z equals3 b if once !y gr[ /rong en\gh1 !y w discov] t _! spe>s & swords are ! symbol ( _! ,"l's return f heav52 t he n[ at l5g? commissions !m to eject y1 z vile infidels1 f all seats ( p[]1--to slay y ) ! sword1 if y d>e to (f] sacrifice to ! immortal gods1--to degrade y s1 t y %all only n ent] ! s5ate1 or ! privy c\ncil ( ! pr9ce1 or ! judgm5t seat1 b n ev5 ! jury-box1 or a municipal corporation1 or ! pettie/ edile%ip ( ,italy2 nay1 y %all n be lieut5ants ( armies1 or tribunes1 or any?+ above ! l[e/ c5turion4 ,y %all become a plebeian class1--*eap bodies to be expos$ 9 battle or to toil 9 ! field1 & pay r5t to ! lordly ,*ri/ian4 ,su* %all be ! fate ( y1 ! wor%ipp]s ( ,quir9us & ( ,jupit] ,be/ & ,greate/1 if y neglect to cru% & extirpate1 dur+ ! weakness ( its infancy1 ?is ambiti\s & unscrupul\s port5t ( a religion4--,oh1 h[ w\ld ,paul h groan$ 9 _s1 at accusations su* z ^!1 hateful to 8 s\l1 asp]s+ to 8 *ur*es1 b impossible to refute6 ,ei!r ,paul's doctr9e 0 a fond dream1 7felt ,i17 or x is c]ta91 t he w\ld h prote/$ ) all ! =ce ( 8 he>t aga9/ ! pr9ciple t ,*ri/ians z su* h any claim to e>?ly p[] & place2 or t !y c\ld1 :5 !y ga9$ a num]ical majority1 )\t s9 enact laws to puni%1 /igmatize1 exclude1 or o!rwise treat ) political inf]iority ! ,pagan remnant4 ,to uphold su* exclusion1 is to lay ! axe to ! root ( ! spiritual ,*ur*1 to /ultify ! apo/olic prea*+1 & at ?is mom5t ju/ify ,mohamm$ans 9 p]secut+ ,*ri/ians4 ,= ! ,sultan might fairly say1--,i give ,*ri/ians ! *oice ( exile or dea?3 ,i w n all[ t sect to gr[ up "h2 = x has fully w>n$ me1 t x w proscribe my religion 9 my own l&1 z soon z x has p[]4 ,on su* gr\nds ,i look$ ) amazem5t & sorr[ at spiritual ,*ri/ians :o desir$ to exclude ! ,romani/s f full equality2 & ,i 0 happy to enjoy z to ?is ! passive ass5t ( ! ,iri% cl]gyman2 :o1 ?\gh ,orange 9 8 connexions1 & oppos$ to all political action1 yet only s mu* ! m deprecat$ :at he call$ political ,prote/antism4 ,9 spite ( ! /rong revulsion :i* ,i felt aga9/ "s ( ! peculi>ities ( ?is rem>kable man1 ,i = ! fir/ "t 9 my life f\nd myself "u ! dom9ion ( a sup]ior4 ,:5 ,i rememb]1 h[ ev5 ^? b[$ d[n be=e him1 :o _h be5 to him 9 ! place ( p>5ts1--accompli%$ & exp]i5c$ m9ds1--,i cease to wond] 9 ! retrospect1 t he rivet$ me 9 su* a bondage4 ,h5ce=? ,i began to ask3 :at w he say to ?is & t8 ,9 8 reply ,i always expect$ to f9d a high] portion ( ,god's ,_s1 ?an 9 any ,i c\ld frame = myself4 ,9 ord] to le>n div9e tru?1 x became to me a sur] process to consult him1 ?an to se>* = myself & wait ^u ,god3 & gradually1 7z ,i aft]w>ds disc]n$17 my religi\s ?\ght _h m]g$ into ! m]e process ( develop+ fe>lessly into results all 8 pr9ciples1 )\t any deep] exam9+ ( my f\ndations4 ,inde$1 b = a few weaknesses :i* w>n$ me t he might err1 ,i c\ld h accept$ him z an apo/le commission$ to reveal ! m9d ( ,god4 ,9 8 aft]-c\rse 7:i* ,i may n indicate7 ?is g5tleman has e :]e display$ a wond]ful p[] ( b5d+ o!r m9ds to 8 own1 & ev5 /amp+ ^u !m ! tones ( 8 voice & all sorts ( slavi% imitation4 ,ov] ! g5]al results ( 8 action ,i h long deeply m\rn$1 z blunt+ 8 natural t5d]ness & sacrific+ 8 wisdom to ! ,lett]1 dw>f+ m5's und]/&+s1 contract+ _! he>ts1 cru%+ _! moral s5sibilities1 & sett+ ^? at v>iance :o ought to love3 yet oh6 h[ speci\s 0 x 9 ! beg9n+6 he only want$ m5 to submit _! und]/&+s to ,god t is1 to ! ,bible1 t is1 to 8 int]pretation6 ,f see+ 8 action & influ5ce ,i h le>nt1 t if x be dang]\s to a "y man 7z x assur$ly is7 to h no sup]ior m9d to :i* he may look up ) confid+ rev]5ce1 x may be ev5 m dang]\s to ?9k t he has f\nd su* a m9d3 = he :o is mo/ logically consi/5t1 ?\gh to a "o-sid$ !ory1 & mo/ ready to sacrifice self to t !ory1 seems to ard5t y\? ! mo/ assur$ly tru/wor?y guide4 ,su* 0 ,ignatius ,loyola 9 8 day4 ,my /udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t at ?is "t _h made x impossible = me to ov]look t ! apo/les held x to be a duty ( all disciples to expect a ne> & sudd5 de/ruction ( ! e>? by fire1 & con/antly to be expect+ ! return ( ! ,"l f heav54 ,x 0 easy to reply1 t exp]i5ce disprov$ ?is expectation2 b to ?is an answ] 0 ready provid$ 9 ,pet]'s #bnd ,epi/le1 :i* =ew>ns u t we %all be taunt$ by ! unbeliev+ ) ?9 objection1 b bids u1 nev]!less1 cont9ue to look out = ! spe$y fulfilm5t ( ?is great ev5t4 ,9 %ort1 ! case /ood ?us3--,if x 0 n too soon #ahjj ye>s ago to /& 9 daily expectation ( x1 x is n too soon n[3 to say t x is too late1 is n m]ely to impute error to ! apo/les1 on a matt] :i* !y made ( fir/-rate moral importance1 b is to say1 t ^? :om ,pet] calls ungodly sc(f]s1 walk+ aft] _! own lu/s--7 "r1 & he 0 wrong1 on ! v po9t = :i* he ?us vitup]at$ !m4 ,! importance ( ?is doctr9e is1 t x totally =bids all work+ = e>?ly objects di/ant 9 "t3 & "h ! ,iri% cl]gyman ?rew into ! same scale ! entire weight ( 8 "*4 ,= in/ance2 if a y\? _h a natural aptitude = ma!matics1 & he ask$1 ought he to give himself to ! /udy1 9 hope t he might diffuse a s]viceable k ( x1 or possibly ev5 enl>ge ! b\nd>ies ( ! sci5ce8 my fri5d w\ld h repli$1 t su* a purpose 0 v prop]1 if ent]ta9$ by a worldly man4 ,let ! dead bury _! dead2 & let ! _w /udy ! ?+s ( ! _w3 !y "k no bett]1 & !y are ( use to ! ,*ur*1 :o may borr[ & use ! jewels ( ! ,egyptians4 ,b su* /udies _c be eag]ly foll[$ by ! ,*ri/ian1 except :5 he yields to unbelief4 ,9 fact1 :at w\ld x avail ev5 to become a second ,la ,place aft] ?irty ye>s' /udy1 if 9 five & ?irty ye>s ! ,"l desc5d$ f heav51 snat*$ up all 8 sa9ts to meet him1 & burn$ to a%es all ! works ( ! e>?8 ,!n all ! ma!matician's "w w\ld h p]i%$1 & he w\ld grieve ov] 8 unwisdom1 9 lay+ up /ore :i* c\ld n /& ! fire ( ! ,"l4 ,cle>ly2 if we are b\nd to act z ?\gh ! end ( all e>?ly conc]ns may come1 at cockcr[+ or at midday1 !n to "w = di/ant e>?ly objects is ! "p ( a fool or ( an unbeliev]4 ,i f\nd a wond]ful dulness 9 _m p]sons on ?is important subject4 ,:olly c>eless to ask :at 0 ! true apo/olic doctr9e1 !y insi/$ t ,dea? is to u practically ! com+ ( ! ,"l1 & 7 amaz$ at my see+ s mu* emphasis 9 ! o!r view4 ,?is comes ( ! abom9able selfi%ness prea*$ z religion4 ,if ,i 7 to lab\r at "s useful "w = t5 ye>s1--say1 at cle>+ =e/ l&1 lay+ out a f>m1 & build+ a h\se1--& 7 !n to die1 ,i %\ld leave my "w to my successors1 & x w\ld n be lo/4 ,"s m5 "w = high]1 "s = l[]1 e>?ly ends2 79 a great h\se !re are _m vessels1 c427 b all ! results are valuable1 if !re is a *ance ( transmitt+ !m to ^? :o foll[ u4 ,b if all is to be v %ortly burnt up1 x is !n folly to ex]t ourselves = su* objects4 ,to ! dead man1 7x is said17 ! cases are b "o4 ,?is is to ! purpose1 if self absorbs all our he>t2 away f ! purpose1 if we are to "w = unselfi% ends4 ,no?+ c be cle>]1 ?an t ! ,new ,te/am5t is entirely p]vad$ by ! doctr9e1--sometimes explicitly /at$1 sometimes unc]emoni\sly assum$1--t e>?ly ?+s are v spe$ily to come to an end1 & !re=e are n wor?y ( our high affections & deep int]e/4 ,h5ce1 :5 ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ?is p]suasion1 ,i look$ ) m\rnful pity on a great m9d wa/+ its en]gies on any di/ant aim ( ?is e>?4 ,= a /atesman to talk ab\t provid+ = future g5]ations1 s\nd$ to me z a melan*oly av[al ( unbelief4 ,to devote good tal5ts to write hi/ory or inve/igate nature1 0 simple wa/e3 = at ! ,"l's com+1 hi/ory & sci5ce w\ld no long] be le>n$ by ^! feeble appliances ( ours4 ,?us an inevitable d$uction f ! doctr9e ( ! apo/les1 01 t we mu/ "w = spe$y results only4 ,vit summa brevis spem nos vetat in*o>e longam4 ,i !n accept$ ! doctr9e1 9 pr(\nd ob$i5ce to ! absolutely infallible sy/em ( precepts4 ,i n[ see t ! falsity & mis*ief ( ! doctr9e is "o ( ! v _m dispro(s ( ! assum$1 b unv]ifi$ infallibility4 ,h[ev]1 ! hold :i* ! apo/olic belief !n took ( me1 subject$ my consci5ce to ! exhortations ( ! ,iri% cl]gyman1 :5ev] he inculcat$ t ! highe/ ,*ri/ian mu/ necess>ily decl9e ! pursuit ( sci5ce1 k1 art1 hi/ory1--except s f> z any ( ^! ?+s might be made useful tools = imm$iate spiritual results4 ,"u ! /imulus to my imag9ation giv5 by ?is g5tleman's "*1 ! desire1 :i* f a boy ,i _h m or less n\ri%$1 ( becom+ a tea*] ( ,*ri/ianity to ! hea!n1 took /rong] & /rong] hold ( me4 ,i saw t ,i 0 %ut out f ! m9i/ry ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 & knew n h[ to seek connexion ) ,diss5t]s4 ,i _h met "o em95t ,quak]1 b 0 (f5d$ by ! viol5t & obvi\sly false int]pretations by :i* he tri$ to get rid ( ! two ,sacram5ts2 & ,i ?\ght !re 0 affectation involv$ 9 ! =ms :i* ! doctr9e ( ! ,_s took ) him4 ,besides1 ,i _h n be5 prepossess$ by ^? ,diss5t]s :om ,i _h he>d speak at ! ,bible ,society4 ,i rememb] t "o ( !m talk$ 9 pomp\s measur$ tones ( voice1 & ) mu* /]eotyp$ phraseology1 ab\t ! ,bible only1 ! religion ( ,prote/ants3 altoge!r1 x did n seem to me t !re 0 at all s mu* ( nature & simple tru? 9 !m z 9 ,*ur* cl]gym54 ,i also _h a vague1 b /rong idea1 t all ,diss5t+ *ur*es assum$ "s special1 n>r[1 & sect>ian basis4 ,! "q inde$ arose3 ,0 ,i at lib]ty to prea* to ! hea!n )\t ord9ation8 b ,i ) extreme ease answ]$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,to tea* a ,*ur*1 ( c\rse ne$s ! sanction ( ! *ur*3 no man c assume pa/oral rights )\t ass5t f o!r p>ties3 b to speak to ^? )\t1 is obvi\sly a natural "r1 ) :i* ! ,*ur* c h no?+ to d4 ,& h]e) all ! prec$5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t s obvi\sly agre$1 t ,i _h n a mom5t's disquiet on ?is head4 ,at ! same "t1 :5 ask$ by "o to :om ,i communicat$ my feel+s1 :e!r ,i felt t ,i _h a call to prea* to ! hea!n1 ,i repli$3 ,i _h n ! lea/ consci\sness ( x1 & knew n :at 0 meant by su* language4 ,all t ,i knew 01 t ,i 0 will+ & anxi\s to d any?+ 9 my p[] ei!r to tea*1 or to help o!rs 9 tea*+1 if only ,i c\ld f9d out ! way4 ,t aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s no f>!r progress %\ld h be5 made t[>ds ! univ]sal spread ( ,*ri/ianity1 appe>$ a sc&al\s reproa* on ,*ri/5dom4 ,is x n1 p]haps1 because ^? :o are 9 ,*ur* (fice _c g1 & ! mass ( ! laity ?9k x no bus9ess ( !irs8 ,if a p]secution fell on ,engl&1 & ?\s&s 7 driv5 into exile1 &1 l ^? :o 7 scatt]$ 9 ,/eph5's p]secution1 w5t ev]y:]e prea*+ ! ^w1--might n ?is be ! conv]sion ( ! _w1 z inde$ t began ! conv]sion ( ! ,g5tiles8 ,b ! laity leave all to ! cl]gy1 & ! cl]gy h m ?an en\gh to d4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,i he>d ( ano!r rem>kable man1 ^: "n 0 already be=e ! public1--,mr4 ,groves1--:o _h writt5 a tract call$ ,*ri/ian ,devot$ness1 on ! duty ( devot+ all worldly prop]ty = ! cause ( ,*ri/1 & utt]ly r5\nc+ ! attempt to amass money4 ,9 pursuance ( ?is1 he 0 go+ to ,p]sia z a tea*] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i read 8 tract1 & 0 inflam$ ) ! greate/ admiration2 judg+ imm$iately t ?is 0 ! man :om ,i %\ld rejoice to aid or s]ve4 ,= a s*eme ( ?is nature alone appe>$ to comb9e ) ! views :i* ,i _h be5 gradually consolidat+ conc]n+ ! practical relation ( a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* to ,*ri/ian ,evid5ces4 ,on ?is v important subject x is requisite to speak 9 detail4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,*ri/ian ,evid5ces are an ess5tial "p ( ! c\rse ( religi\s /udy prescrib$ at ,ox=d1 & !y _h engag$ f an e>ly p]iod a l>ge %>e ( my att5tion4 ,ea* treatise on ! subject1 tak5 by itself1 appe>$ to me to h great argum5tative =ce2 b :5 ,i tri$ to grasp !m all toge!r 9 a high] act ( ?\ght1 ,i 0 s5sible ( a c]ta9 confusion1 & inability to reconcile _! fundam5tal assumptions4 ,"o ei!r =mally /at$1 or virtually assum$1 t ! deepe/ basis ( all religi\s k 0 ! te/imony ( s5se to "s fact1 :i* is asc]ta9$ to be miracul\s :5 exam9$ by ! light ( ,physics or ,physiology2 & t we mu/1 at lea/ 9 a great degree1 di/ru/ & ab&on our moral convictions or auguries1 at ! bidd+ ( s5sible miracle4 ,ano!r treatise assum$ t m5's moral feel+s & beliefs are1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ tru/wor?y ?+ to be f\nd2 & />t+ f !m z f a kn[n & asc]ta9$ f\ndation1 proce$$ to glorify ,*ri/ianity because ( its exp&+1 /r5g!n+1 & beautify+ all t we "k by consci5ce to be morally "r4 ,t ! =m] argum5t1 if ev] s valid1 0 /ill too le>n$ & s*ola/ic1 n = ! vulg> only1 b = e man 9 8 times ( moral trial1 ,i felt in/9ctively p]suad$3 yet my intellect c\ld n :olly disp5se ) x1 & my belief 9 ! depravity ( ! moral und]/&+ ( m5 incl9$ me to g "s way 9 def5d+ x4 ,to endeav\r to comb9e ! two argum5ts by say+ t !y 7 adapt$ to diff]5t /ates ( m9d1 0 plausible2 yet x conc$$1 t nei!r ( ! two w5t to ! bottom ( human ?\ght1 or %[$ :at 7 ! real fix$ po9ts ( man's k2 )\t kn[+ :i*1 we are 9 p]petual dang] ( m]e argum5tum ad hom9em1 or1 9 fact1 argu+ 9 a circle2--z to prove miracles f doctr9e1 & doctr9e f miracles4 ,i h[ev] conceiv$ t ! mo/ logical m9ds among ,*ri/ians w\ld cont5d t !re 0 ano!r solution2 :i*1 9 #ahbg1 ,i committ$ to pap] 9 ne>ly ! foll[+ words3 ,may x n be d\bt$ :e!r ,lel& sees ! real circum/ance t makes a revelation necess>y8 ,no revelation is ne$$ to in=m u1--( ! invisible p[] & deity ( ,god2 t we are b\nd to wor%ip ,him2 t we are capable ( s9n+ aga9/ ,him & liable to 8 j ,judgm5t2 nay1 t we h s9n$1 & t we f9d 9 nature m>ks ( 8 displeasure aga9/ s92 & yet1 t ,he is m]ciful4 ,/4 ,paul & our ,"l %[ u t ^! ?+s are kn[able by reason4 ,! ignorance ( ! hea!ns is judicial bl9dness1 to puni% _! ob/9ate rejection ( ! true ,god4 ,b a revelation is ne$$ to convey a ,,special message1 su* z ?is3 t ,god has provid$ an ,atonem5t = our s9s1 has deput$ 8 own ,son to become ,head ( ! r$eem$ human family1 & int5ds to raise ^? :o believe 9 ,him to a future & et]nal life ( bliss4 ,^! are ext]nal tru?s1 7= ':o c believe1 unless "o be s5t to prea* !m8'7 & are n kn[able by any reason+s drawn f nature4 ,!y transc5d natural analogies & moral or spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,to reveal !m1 a specific communication mu/ be accord$ to u3 & on ?is ! necessity = miracle turns4 ,?us1 9 my view1 at t "t1 ! mat]ials ( ! ,bible 7 9 !ory divisible into two portions3 conc]n+ ! "o1 7:i* ,i call$ ,natural ,religion17 x n only 0 n presumptu\s1 b x 0 absolutely ess5tial1 to =m an indep5d5t judgm5t2 = ?is 0 ! real basis ( all fai?3 conc]n+ ! o!r1 7:i* ,i call$ ,reveal$ ,religion17 our bus9ess 01 n to criticize ! message1 b to exam9e ! cr$5tials#a ( ! mess5g]2 &1--aft] ! mo/ unbiass$ possible exam9ation ( ^!1--!n1 if !y prov$ s\nd1 to receive 8 communication rev]5tly & unque/ion+ly4 ,su* 0 ! !ory ) :i* ,i came f ,ox=d to ,irel&2 b ,i 0 h9d]$ f work+ out its legitimate results by ! ov]p[]+ influ5ce ( ! ,iri% cl]gyman2 :o1 :ile press+ ! au?ority ( e lett] ( ! ,scripture ) an un%r9k+ vehem5ce t ,i nev] saw surpass$1 yet1 ) a common inconsi/5cy1 %[$ m ?an indiff]5ce t[>ds le>n$ hi/orical & critical evid5ce on ! side ( ,*ri/ianity2 & inde$1 unm]cifully expos$ erudition to scorn1 bo? by cau/ic reason+1 & by irrefragable quotation ( texts4 ,i con/antly _h occasion to admire ! p[] ) :i* be laid hold ( ! moral side ( e controv]sy2 :e!r he 0 reason+ aga9/ ,romanism1 aga9/ ! ,high ,*ur*1 aga9/ le>n$ religion or philosophic scepticism3 & 9 ?is matt] 8 practical axiom 01 t ! advocate ( tru? _h to address himself to ! consci5ce ( ! o!r p>ty1 & if possible1 make him feel t !re 0 a moral & spiritual sup]iority aga9/ him4 ,su* doctr9e1 :5 jo9$ ) an inculcation ( man's natural bl9dness & total depravity1 0 any?+ b cle>+ to my intellectual p]ceptions3 9 fact1 ,i believe t = "s ye>s ,i did n recov] f ! dimness & confusion :i* he spread ov] !m4 ,b 9 my entire inability to expla9 away ! texts :i* spoke ) scorn ( worldly wisdom1 philosophy1 & le>n+1 on ! "o h&2 & ! obvi\s c]ta9ty1 on ! o!r1 t no hi/orical evid5ce = miracle 0 possible except by ! aid ( le>n+2 ,i = ! "t ab&on$ ?is side ( ,*ri/ian ,evid5ce1--n z invalid1 b z too unwieldy a weapon = use1--& look$ to direct moral evid5ce alone4 ,& n[ rose ! "q1 ,h[ c\ld su* moral evid5ce become appreciable to hea!ns & ,mohamm$ans8 ,i felt di/9ctly en\gh1 t m]e talk c\ld br+ no conviction1 & w\ld be int]pret$ by ! actions & "* ( ! speak]4 ,:ile nations call$ ,*ri/ian are only kn[n to hea!ns z great conqu]ors1 p[]ful av5g]s1 %>p trad]s1--(t5 lax 9 morals1 & app>5tly )\t religion1--! f9e !ories ( a ,*ri/ian tea*] w\ld be z va9 to conv]t a ,mohamm$an or ,h9doo to ,*ri/ianity1 to ! s\ndness ( ,s5eca's moral treatises to conv]t me to ,roman ,paganism4 ,*ri/5dom has to e>n a new reputation be=e ,*ri/ian precepts w be ?\ght to /& 9 any ess5tial or close relation ) ! my/ical doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i c\ld see no o!r way to ?is1 b by an entire *ur* be+ =m$ ( new elem5ts on a hea!n soil3--a *ur*1 9 :i* by no means all %\ld be prea*]s1 b all %\ld be will+ to d = all :atev] occasion requir$4 ,su* a *ur* _h ,i read ( among ! ,moravians 9 ,gre5l& & 9 ,s\? ,africa4 ,i imag9$ a little colony1 s animat$ by primitive fai?1 love1 & dis9t]e/$ness1 t ! collective moral influ5ce ( all might int]pret & en=ce ! words ( ! few :o prea*$4 ,only 9 ?is way did x appe> to me t prea*+ to ! hea!n c\ld be att5d$ ) success4 ,9 fact1 :atev] success _h be5 atta9$1 seem$ to come only aft] _m ye>s1 :5 ! natives _h ga9$ exp]i5ce 9 ! *>act]s ( ! ,*ri/ian family ar\nd !m4 ,:5 ,i _h return$ to ,ox=d1 ,i induc$ ! ,iri% cl]gyman to visit ! ,univ]sity1 & introduc$ him to _m ( my equals 9 age1 & juniors4 ,mo/ /rik+ 0 x to see h[ in/antane\sly he assum$ ! place ( univ]sal fa!r-confessor1 z if he _h be5 a kn[n & long-tru/$ fri5d4 ,8 insight into "*1 & t5d]ness p]vad+ 8 au/]ity1 s op5$ "y m5's he>ts1 t day aft] day !re 0 no end ( secret closet+s ) him4 ,i began to see ! prospect ( s consid]able a movem5t ( m9d1 z might lead _m 9 ! same direction z myself2 & if x 0 by a collective ,*ur* t ,mohamm$ans 7 to be taught1 ! only way 0 = ea* sep>ately to be l$ to ! same place by ! same spiritual influ5ce4 ,z ,groves 0 a magnet to draw me1 s might ,i draw o!rs4 ,9 no o!r way c\ld a pure & effici5t ,*ur* be =m$4 ,if we wait$1 z ) worldly policy1 to make up a complete colony be=e leav+ ,engl&1 we %\ld fail ( gett+ ! "r m53 we %\ld pack !m toge!r by a me*anical process1 in/ead ( leav+ !m to be unit$ by vital aff9ities4 ,?us actuat$1 & o!r circum/ances conduc+1 9 ,septemb] #ahcj1 ) "s ,iri% fri5ds1 ,i set out to jo9 ,mr4 ,groves at ,bagdad4 ,:at ,i might d !re1 ,i knew n4 ,i did n g z a m9i/] ( religion1 & ,i ev]y:]e po9t$ly dis[n$ ! assumption ( ?is "*1 ev5 d[n to ! col\r ( my dress4 ,b ,i ?\ght ,i knew _m ways 9 :i* ,i might be ( s]vice1 & ,i 0 prep>$ to act record+ to circum/ances4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]haps ! /ra9 ( practical life mu/ 9 any case1 be=e long1 h brok5 ! *a9 by :i* ! ,iri% cl]gyman un9t5tionally held me2 b all possible influ5ce f him 0 n[ cut (f by sep>ation4 ,! de> companions ( my travels no m aim$ to guide my ?\ghts1 ?an ,i !irs3 nei!r ambition nor suspicion f\nd place 9 our he>ts2 & my m9d 0 ?us able aga9 )\t di/urbance to develop its own t5d5cies4 ,i _h become di/9ctly aw>e1 t ! mod]n ,*ur*es 9 g5]al by no means hold ! tru? z conceiv$ ( by ! apo/les4 ,9 ! matt] ( ! ,sabba? & ( ! ,mosaic ,law1 ( ,infant ,baptism1 ( ,episcopacy1 ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,"l's return1 ,i _h successively f\nd ! preval5t ,prote/antism to be unapo/olic4 ,h5ce arose 9 me a consci\s & cont9u\s ef=t to read ! ,new ,te/am5t ) fre% eyes & )\t bias1 & s to take up ! real doctr9es ( ! heav5ly & ev]la/+ ,gospel4 ,9 /udy+ ! n>rative ( ,john ,i 0 /rongly impress$ by ! fact1 t ! glory & greatness ( ! ,son ( ,god is con/antly ascrib$ to ! w & pleasure ( ! ,fa!r4 ,i _h be5 accu/om$ to he> ?is expla9$ ( 8 m$iatorial greatness only1 b ?is n[ look$ to me l a make-%ift1 & to want ! simplicity ( tru?--an impression :i* grew deep] ) clos] exam9ation4 ,! emphatic decl>ation ( ,*ri/1 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i1 especially arre/$ my att5tion4 ,c\ld ,i really exp\nd ?is z mean+1 ,my ,fa!r1 ! ,supreme ,god1 9 great] ?an ,i am1 if y look solely to my human nature8 ,su* a truism c sc>cely h des]v$ su* emphasis4 ,did ! disciples ne$ to be taught t ,god 0 great] ?an man8 ,surely1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,savi\r mu/ h meant to say3 ,div9e z ,i am1 yet my heav5ly ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i1 ev5 :5 y take cognizance ( my div9e nature4 ,i did n !n "k1 t my comm5t 0 exactly t ( ! mo/ or?odox ,fa!rs2 ,i r ?\ght !y 7 aga9/ me1 b = !m ,i did n c>e mu*4 ,i rev]5c$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity z some?+ vital to ! s\l2 b felt t to love ! ,fa!rs or ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ m ?an ! ,gospel ( ,john w\ld be a supremely mis]able sup]/ition4 ,h[ev]1 t ,cre$ /ates t !re is no inequality betwe5 ! ,?ree ,p]sons3 9 ,john x became increas+ly cle> to me t ! div9e ,son is unequal to ! ,fa!r4 ,to say t ! ,son ( ,god meant ,jesus z man1 0 a prepo/]\s evasion3 = !re is no high] title = ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity ?an ?is v "o--,son ( ,god4 ,n[1 9 ! #e? *apt]1 :5 ! ,jews accus$ ,jesus ( mak+ himself equal to ,god1 by call+ himself ,son ( ,god ,jesus ev5 ha/5s to prote/ aga9/ ! inf]5ce z a misrepres5tation --beg9n+ )3 ,! ,son c d no?+ ( himself3 & proce$s elaborately to ascribe all 8 greatness to ! ,fa!r's w4 ,9 fact1 ! ,son is emphatically he :o is s5t1 & ! ,fa!r is he :o s5t him3 & all w\ld feel ! deep impropriety ( try+ to ex*ange ^! phrases4 ,! ,son :o is s5t1--s5t1 n aft] he 0 humbl$ to become man1 b 9 ord] to be s humbl$1--0 ,,n ,,equal ,,to1 b ,,less ,,?an1 ! ,fa!r :o s5t him4 ,to ?is ,i f\nd ! :ole ,gospel ( ,john to be> witness2 & ) ?is conviction1 ! tru? & hon\r ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ fell to ! gr\nd4 ,"o ( its ma9 t5ets 0 prov$ false2 & yet x d>$ to utt] ana!mas on all :o reject$ x6 ,i aft]w>ds rememb]$ my old ?\ght1 t we mu/ surely und]/& our own words1 :5 we v5ture to speak at all ab\t div9e my/]ies4 ,hav+ ga9$ boldness to gaze /eadily on ! topic1 ,i at l5g? saw t ! compil] ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ did n und]/& 8 own words4 ,if any "o speaks ( ?ree m51 all t he means is1 ?ree objects ( ?\ght1 ( :om ea* sep>ately may be call$ ,man4 ,s also1 all t c\ld possibly be meant by ?ree gods1 is1 ?ree objects ( ?\ght1 ( :om ea* sep>ately may be call$ ,god4 ,to av[ ! la/ /atem5t1 z ! ,cre$ does1 & yet repudiate ,?ree ,gods1 is to object to ! phrase1 yet confess to ! only mean+ :i* ! phrase c convey4 ,?us ! ,cre$ really tea*es poly!ism1 b saves or?odoxy by =bidd+ any "o to call x by its true "n4 ,or to put ! matt] o!rwise3 x tea*es ?ree ,div9e ,p]sons1 & d5ies ?ree ,gods2 & leaves u to guess :at else is a ,div9e ,p]son b a ,god1 or a ,god b a ,div9e ,p]son4 ,:o1 !n1 c d5y t ?is intol]ant cre$ is a malignant riddle8 ,t !re is no?+ 9 ! ,scripture ab\t ,tr9ity 9 ,unity & ,unity 9 ,tr9ity ,i _h long obs]v$2 & ! total abs5ce ( su* phraseology _h left on me a g5]al p]suasion t ! ,*ur* _h sy/ematiz$ too mu*4 ,b 9 my /udy ( ,john ,i 0 n[ arre/$ by a text1 :i* %[$ me h[ exce$+ly f> f a ,tri-unity 0 ! ,tr9ity ( t ,gospel1--if tr9ity x be4 ,namely1 9 8 la/ pray]1 ,jesus addresses to 8 ,fa!r ! words3 ,?is is life et]nal1 t !y may "k ,!e1 ! only ,true ,god1 & ,jesus ,*ri/1 :om ?\ ha/ s5t ,i became amaz$1 z ,i consid]$ ^! words m & m att5tively1 & )\t prejudice2 & ,i began to und]/& h[ prejudice1 :5 embalm$ ) rev]5ce1 bl9ds ! m9d4 ,:y _h ,i nev] be=e se5 :at is "h s pla91 t ! ,"o ,god ( ,jesus 0 n a ,tr9ity1 b 0 ! ,fir/ ,p]son1 ( ! ecclesia/ical ,tr9ity8 ,b on a full] se>*1 ,i f\nd ?is to be ,paul's doctr9e also3 = 9 #a ,cor9?1 viii41 :5 discuss+ ! subject ( ,poly!ism1 he says t ?\gh !re be to ! hea!n _m t are call$ ,gods1 yet to u !re is b ,"o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ( :om are all ?+s2 & ,"o ,"l1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om are all ?+s4 ,?us he def9es ,mono!ism to consi/ 9 hold+ ! p]son ( ! ,fa!r to be ! ,"o ,god2 al?\gh ?is1 if any1 %\ld h be5 ! place = a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4 ,b did ,i proce$ to d5y ! ,div9ity ( ! ,son8 ,by no means3 ,i conceiv$ ( him z 9 ! highe/ & fulle/ s5se div9e1 %ort ( be+ ,fa!r & n ,son4 ,i n[ believ$ t by ! phrase only begott5 ,son1 ,john1 & inde$ ,*ri/ himself1 meant to tea* u t !re 0 an unpassable *asm betwe5 him & all creatures1 9 t he _h a true1 ?\gh a d]iv$ div9e nature2 an inde$ ! ,nic5e ,cre$ puts ! contra/1 he 0 begott51 n made4 ,?us all ,div9e glory dwells 9 ! ,son1 b x is because ! ,fa!r has will$ x4 ,a ye> or m aft]w>d1 :5 ,i _h aga9 ! means ( access to books1 & consult$ t v common ,ox=d book1 ,pe>son on ! ,cre$1 7= :i* ,i _h felt s great a di/a/e t ,i nev] be=e read x7--,i f\nd ?is to be ! und\bt$ doctr9e ( ! great ,nic5e & ,po/ ,nic5e ,fa!rs1 :o laid mu* emphasis on two /atem5ts1 :i* ) ! mod]n ,*ur* are idle & dead--viz4 t ! ,son 0 begott5 ( 8 ,fa!r be=e all worlds1 & t ! ,holy ,_s proce$e? f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,9 ! view ( ! old ,*ur*1 ! ,fa!r alone 0 ! ,f\nta9 ( ,deity1--7& !re=e fitly call$1 ,! ,"o ,god1--&1 ! ,only ,true ,god7--:ile ! ,deity ( ! o!r two p]sons 0 real1 yet d]iv$ & subord9ate4 ,moreov]1 ,i f\nd 9 ,gregory ,nazianz5 & o!rs1 t to confess ?is d]ivation ( ! ,son & ,_s & ! und]iv$ness ( ! ,fa!r alone1 0 9 _! view q ess5tial to save ,mono!ism2 ! ,"o ,god be+ ! und]iv$ ,fa!r4 ,al?\gh 9 my own m9d all d\bt z to ! doctr9e ( ,john & ,paul on ! ma9 "q seem$ to be q cle>$ away f ! "t t ,i dwelt on _! explanation ( ,mono!ism1 ?is 9 no respect agitat$ me1 or ev5 engag$ me 9 any f>!r se>*4 ,!re 0 no?+ to =ce me into controv]sy1 or make ?is "o po9t ( tru? unduly prepond]ant4 ,i conceal$ none ( my ?\ghts f my companions2 & conc]n+ !m ,i w only say1 t :e!r !y did or did n feel acquiesc5ce1 !y behav$ t[>ds me ) all ! affection & all ! equality :i* ,i w\ld h wi%$ myself to ma9ta91 _h ! case be5 inv]t$4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 sometimes uneasy1 :5 ! ?\ght cross$ my m9d1--,:at if we1 l ,h5ry ,m>tyn1 7 *>g$ ) ,poly!ism by ,mohamm$ans1 & 7 =c$ to def5d ourselves by expla9+ 9 detail our doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity8 ,p]haps no two ( u w\ld expla9 x alike1 & ?is w\ld expose ,*ri/ian doctr9e to contempt4 ,!n f>!r x came across me2 ,h[ v rem>kable x is1 t ! ,jews1 ^? /rict ,mono!i/s1 nev] seem to h attack$ ! apo/les = poly!ism6 ,x w\ld h be5 s plausible an imputation1 "o t ! in/9ct ( p>ty w\ld s readily sugge/1 if !re _h be5 any ext]nal =m ( doctr9e to c\nt5ance x4 ,surely x is transp>5t t ! ,apo/les did n tea* z ,dr4 ,wat]l&4 ,i _h always felt a great repugnance to ! argum5tations conc]n+ ! ,p]sonality ( ! ,holy ,_s2 no d\bt f an inw>d s5se1 h[ev] dimly confess$1 t !y 7 all words )\t mean+4 ,= ! disputant :o ma9ta9s ?is dogma1 tells u 9 ! v next brea? t ,p]son has n 9 ?is connexion its common signification2 s t he is elaborately en=c+ ^u u we "k n :at4 ,t ! ,_s ( ,god meant 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,god 9 ! he>t1 _h long be5 to me a suffici5t explanation3 & :o by logic or metaphysics w c>ry u beyond ?is8 ,:ile we 7 at ,aleppo1 ,i "o day got into religi\s disc\rse ) a ,mohamm$an c>p5t]1 :i* left on me a la/+ impression4 ,among o!r matt]s1 ,i 0 peculi>ly desir\s ( disabus+ him ( ! curr5t notion ( 8 p1 t our gospels are spuri\s n>ratives ( late date4 ,i f\nd great difficulty ( expression2 b ! man li/5$ to me ) mu* att5tion1 & ,i 0 enc\rag$ to ex]t myself4 ,he wait$ pati5tly till ,i _h done1 & !n spoke to ! foll[+ effect3 ,i w tell y1 sir1 h[ ! case /&s4 ,god has giv5 to y ,engli% a great _m good gifts4 ,y make f9e %ips1 & %>p p5knives1 & good clo? & cottons2 & y h ri* nobles & brave soldi]s2 & y write & pr9t _m le>n$ books3 7diction>ies & gramm>s37 all ?is is ( ,god4 ,b !re is "o ?+ t ,god has )held f y1 & has reveal$ to u2 & t is1 ! k ( ! true religion1 by :i* "o may be sav$4 ,:5 he ?us ignor$ my argum5t1 7:i* 0 probably q un9telligible to him17 & deliv]$ 8 simple prote/1 ,i 0 sil5c$1 & at ! same "t amus$4 ,b ! m ,i ?\ght x ov]1 ! m in/ruction ,i saw 9 ! case4 ,8 position t[>ds me 0 exactly t ( a humble ,*ri/ian t[>ds an unbeliev+ philosoph]2 nay1 t ( ! e>ly ,apo/les or ,jewi% prophets t[>ds ! pr\d1 cultivat$1 worldly wise & p[]ful hea!n4 ,?is n only %[$ ! vanity ( any argum5t to him1 except "o purely address$ to 8 moral & spiritual faculties2 b x also indicat$ to me t ,ignorance has its spiritual self-suffici5cy z well z ,erudition2 & t if !re is a ,pride ( ,reason1 s is !re a ,pride ( ,unreason4 ,b ?\gh ?is re/$ 9 my memory1 x 0 long be=e ,i work$ out all ! results ( t ?\ght4 ,ano!r matt] br\ght me "s disquiet4 ,an ,engli%man ( r l[ ta/es :o came to ,aleppo at ?is "t1 call$ ^u u2 & z he 0 civilly receiv$1 repeat$ 8 visit m ?an once4 ,be+ un5cumb]$ ) fa/idi\sness1 ?is p]son be=e long made v>i\s rude attacks on ! tru? & au?ority ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & drew me on to def5d x4 ,:at ,i _h he>d ( ! moral life ( ! speak] made me feel t 8 0 n ! m9d to h insight into div9e tru?2 & ,i desir$ to div]t ! argum5t f ext]nal topics1 & br+ x to a po9t 9 :i* !re might be a *ance ( t\*+ 8 consci5ce4 ,b ,i f\nd ?is to be impossible4 ,he return$ actively to ! assault aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 & ,i c\ld n be> to he> him v5t hi/orical falsehoods & misrepres5tations damag+ to ! ,*ri/ian cause1 )\t contradict+ !m4 ,he 0 a half-educat$ man1 & ,i easily confut$ him to my own entire satisfaction3 b he 0 n ei!r aba%$ or conv9c$2 & at l5g? )drew z "o victori\s4--,on reflect+ ov] ?is1 ,i felt pa9fully1 t if a ,moslem _h be5 pres5t & _h und]/ood all t _h be5 said1 he w\ld h rema9$ 9 total unc]ta9ty :i* ( ! two disputants 0 9 ! "r3 = ! controv]sy _h turn$ on po9ts :olly remote f ! sph]e ( 8 k or ?\ght4 ,yet to h decl9$ ! battle w\ld h seem$ l consci\s weakness on my "p4 ,?us ! hi/orical side ( my religion1 ?\gh ess5tial to x1 & ?\gh re/+ on valid evid5ce1 7z ,i unhesitat+ly believ$17 expos$ me to attacks 9 :i* ,i might incur virtual defeat or disgrace1 b 9 :i*1 f ! nature ( ! case1 ,i c\ld nev] w9 an available victory4 ,?is 0 to me v disagreeable1 yet ,i saw n my way out ( ! entanglem5t4 ,two ye>s aft] ,i left ,engl&1 a hope 0 conceiv$ t m fri5ds might be induc$ to jo9 u2 & ,i return$ home f ,bagdad ) ! commission to br+ ?is ab\t1 if !re 7 suitable p]sons dispos$ = x4 ,on my return1 & :ile yet 9 qu>ant9e on ! coa/ ( ,engl&1 ,i receiv$ an uncom=table lett] f a mo/ intimate spiritual fri5d1 to ! effect1 t pa9ful reports _h be5 e :]e spread abroad aga9/ my s\ndness 9 ! fai?4 ,! *annel by :i* !y _h come 0 indicat$ to me2 b my fri5d express$ a firm hope1 t :5 ,i _h expla9$ myself1 x w\ld all prove to be no?+4 ,n[ began a "t ( deep & critical trial to me & to my ,cre$2 a "t h>d to speak ( to ! public2 yet )\t a pretty full notice ( x1 ! re/ ( ! acc\nt w\ld be q un9telligible4 ,! ,tract>ian movem5t 0 j comm5c+ 9 #ahcc4 ,my bro!r 0 tak+ a position1 9 :i* he 0 b\nd to %[ t he c\ld sacrifice private love to ecclesia/ical dogma2 & ^u le>n+ t ,i _h spok5 at "s small meet+s ( religi\s p1 7:i* he int]pret$1 ,i believe1 to be an assum+ ( ! ,prie/'s (fice17 he sep>at$ himself entirely f my private fri5d%ip & acqua9tance4 ,to ! public ?is may h "s int]e/1 z indicat+ ! di/urb+ excitem5t :i* animat$ t cause3 b my reason = nam+ ! fact "h is solely to exhibit ! practical positions into :i* ,i myself 0 ?r[n4 ,9 my bro!r's conduct !re 0 n a %ade ( unk9dness1 & ,i h n a ?\ght ( compla9+ ( x4 ,my di/ress 0 naturally great1 until ,i _h fully asc]ta9$ f him t ,i _h giv5 no p]sonal (f5ce4 ,b ! mis*ief ( x w5t deep]4 ,x practically cut me (f f o!r memb]s ( my family1 :o 7 liv+ 9 8 h\se1 & ^: /ate ( feel+ t[>ds me1 ?r\gh sep>ation & my own agitations ( m9d1 ,i = "s "t totally mi/ook4 ,i _h1 h[ev]1 myself slight$ relation%ip 9 comp>ison ) ,*ri/ian bro!rhood2--sect>ian bro!rhood1 "s may call x2--,i p]haps _h none b myself to blame3 b 9 ! f> m pa9ful occurr5ces :i* 7 to succe$ "o ano!r = _m mon?s toge!r1 ,i 0 blameless4 ,ea* successive fri5d :o ask$ explanations ( my alleg$ h]esy1 0 satisfi$1--or at lea/ left me ) t impression1--aft] he>+ me3 n "o :o met me face to face _h a ^w to reply to ! pla9 ,scriptures :i* ,i quot$4 ,yet :5 ,i 0 gone away1 "o aft] ano!r 0 turn$ aga9/ me by somebody else :om ,i _h n yet met or did n "k3 = 9 e !ological conclave :i* delib]ates on jo9t action1 ! mo/ bigot$ scorns always to prevail4 ,i w tru/ my p5 to only "o specim5 ( details4 ,! ,iri% cl]gyman 0 n able to meet me4 ,he wrote a v desultory lett] ( grave al>m & inquiry1 /at+ t he _h he>d t ,i 0 endeav\r+ to s\nd ! div9e nature by ! mis]able plummet ( human philosophy1--) mu* beside t ,i felt to be m]e commonplace :i* e body might address to e body :o diff]$ f him4 ,i h[ev] repli$ 9 ! franke/1 mo/ cordial & tru/+ tone1 assur+ him t ,i 0 inf9itely f> f imag9+ t ,i c\ld by se>*+ und]/& ,god2 on ! contr>y1 conc]n+ 8 high] my/]ies1 ,i felt ,i knew absolutely no?+ b :at he reveal$ to me 9 8 ^w2 b 9 /udy+ ?is ^w1 ,i f\nd ,john & ,paul to decl>e ! ,fa!r1 & n ! ,tr9ity1 to be ! ,"o ,god4 ,ref]r+ him to ,john xvii1 #c1 #a ,cor9?4 viii1 #e1 #f1 ,i fondly believ$ t "o s subject to ! ^w & s resolutely r5\nc+ man's au?ority 9 ord] t he might s]ve ,god1 w\ld imm$iately see z ,i saw4 ,b ,i assur$ him1 9 all ! dep? ( affection1 t ,i felt h[ mu* full] insight he _h ?an ,i into all div9e tru?2 & n he only1 b o!rs to :om ,i allud$2 & t if ,i 0 9 error1 ,i only desir$ to be taught m truly2 & ei!r ) him1 or at 8 feet1 to le>n ( ,god4 ,he repli$1 to my amazem5t & di/ress1 9 a lett] ( mu* t5d]ness1 b :i* 0 to ! effect1--t if ,i all[$ ! ,_s ( ,god to be ) him r ?an ) me1 x 0 wond]ful t ,i set my s+le judgm5t aga9/ ! m9d ( ! ,_s & ( ! :ole ,*ur* ( ,god2 & t z = admitt+ into ,*ri/ian communion "o :o held my doctr9e1 x _h ?is absurdity1 t :ile ,i 0 9 su* a /ate ( belief1 x 0 my duty to ana!matize !m z idolat]s4--,sev]e z 0 ! %ock giv5 me by ?is lett]1 ,i wrote aga9 mo/ lov+ly1 humbly1 & implor+ly3 = ,i /ill ador$ him1 & c\ld h giv5 him my "r h& or my "r eye1--any?+ b my consci5ce4 ,i %[$ him t if x 0 a matt] ( action1 ,i w\ld submit2 = ,i unfeign$ly believ$ t he _h m ( ! ,_s ( ,god ?an ,i3 b ov] my secret convictions ,i _h no p[]4 ,i 0 %ut up to obey & believe ,god r ?an man1 & f ! nature ( ! case1 ! pr(\nde/ respect = my bro!r's judgm5t c\ld n 9 itself alt] m9e4 ,z to ! :ole ,*ur* be+ aga9/ me1 ,i did n "k :at t meant3 ,i 0 will+ to accept ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 & ?is ,i ?\ght ought to be a suffici5t def5sive argum5t aga9/ ! ,*ur*4 ,8 answ] 0 decisive2--he 0 exce$+ly surpriz$ at my recurr+ to m]e ecclesia/ical cre$s1 z ?\gh !y c\ld h ! slighte/ weight2 & he mu/ insi/ on my ackn[l$g+1 t1 9 ! two texts quot$1 ! ^w ,fa!r meant ! ,tr9ity1 if ,i desir$ to be 9 any way recogniz$ z hold+ ! tru?4 ,! ,fa!r meant ! ,tr9ity66 ,= ! fir/ "t ,i p]ceiv$1 t s vehem5t a *ampion ( ! suffici5cy ( ! ,scripture1 s /aun* an oppos] ( ,cre$s & ,*ur*es1 0 w$d$ to an extra-,scriptural cre$ ( 8 own1 by :i* he te/$ ! spiritual /ate ( 8 bre?r54 ,i 0 9 despair1 & l a man ?und]/ruck4 ,i _h no?+ m to say4 ,two m lett]s f ! same h& ,i saw1 ! latt] ( :i* 01 to ?reat5 "s new acqua9tances :o 7 k9d to me1 7p]sons :olly unkn[n to him17 t if !y did n desi/ f %elt]+ me & break (f int]c\rse1 !y %\ld1 z f> z 8 influ5ce w5t1 !mselves ev]y:]e be cut (f f ,*ri/ian communion & recognition4 ,?is w suffice to indicate ! sort ( social p]secution1 ?r\gh :i*1 aft] a succession ( /ruggles1 ,i f\nd myself sep>at$ f p]sons :om ,i _h tru/+ly admir$1 & on :om ,i _h mo/ c\nt$ = union3 ) :om ,i fondly believ$ myself b\nd up = et]nity2 ( :om "s 7 my previ\sly intimate fri5ds1 :ile = o!rs1 ev5 on slight acqua9tance1 ,i w\ld h p]=m$ m5ial (fices & ?\ght myself hon\r$2 :om ,i /ill look$ ^u z ! bless$ & excell5t ( ! e>?1 & ! special fav\rites ( heav52 ^: company 7?\gh (t5times !y 7 consid]ably my inf]iors ei!r 9 rank or 9 k & cultivation7 ,i w\ld h *os5 9 pref]5ce to t ( nobles2 :om ,i lov$ solely because ,i ?\ght !m to love ,god1 & ( :om ,i ask$ no?+1 b t !y w\ld admit me z ! meane/ & mo/ frail ( disciples4 ,my he>t 0 ready to break3 ,i wi%$ = a woman's s\l1 t ,i might weep 9 floods4 ,oh1 ,dogma6 ,dogma6 h[ do/ !m trample "u foot love1 tru?1 consci5ce1 ju/ice6 ,0 ev] a ,molo* worse ?an ?\8 ,burn me at ! /ake2 !n ,*ri/ w receive me1 & sa9ts beyond ! grave w love me1 ?\gh ! sa9ts "h "k me n ,b n[ ,i am alone 9 ! _w3 ,i c tru/ no "o4 ,! new acqua9tances :o b>ely tol]ate me1 & old fri5ds :om reports h n rea*$1 7if su* !re be17 may turn aga9/ me ) animosity to-morr[1 z ^? h done f :om ,i c\ld lea/ h imag9$ x4 ,:]e is union8 :]e is ! ,*ur*1 :i* 0 to conv]t ! hea!n8 ,?is 0 n my only reason1 yet x 0 soon a suffici5t & at la/ an ov]:elm+ reason1 aga9/ return+ to ! ,ea/4 ,! p]t9acity ( ! attacks made on me1 & on all :o d>$ to hold by me 9 a c]ta9 connexion1 %[$ t ,i c\ld no long] be any?+ b a ?orn 9 ! side ( my fri5ds abroad2 nay1 ,i 0 unable to pr$ict h[ !y !mselves might *ange t[>ds me4 ,! idea ( a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* propagat+ ,*ri/ianity :ile divid$ aga9/ itself 0 ridicul\s4 ,nev] inde$ _h ,i _h ! mo/ remote idea1 t my de> fri5ds !re _h be5 unit$ to me by agreem5t 9 intellectual propositions2 nor c\ld ,i yet believe x4 ,i rememb]$ a say+ ( ! noble-he>t$ ,groves3 ,talk ( lov+ me :ile ,i agree ) !m6 ,give me m5 t w love me :5 ,i diff] f !m & contradict !m3 ^? w be ! m5 to build up a true ,*ur*4 ,i ask$ myself1--0 ,i !n possibly diff]5t f all8 ,) me1--&1 z ,i _h ?\ght1 ) all my ,spiritual fri5ds1--intellectual dogma 0 n ! te/ ( spirituality4 ,a hundr$ times ov] _h ,i he>d ! ,iri% cl]gyman emphatically enunciate ! contr>y4 ,no?+ 0 cle>] 9 8 prea*+1 talk+ & writ+1 ?an t salvation 0 a pres5t real exp]i5c$ fact2 a sav+ ( ! s\l f ! dom9ion ( bas] desires1 & an inw>d union ( x 9 love & homage to ,*ri/1 :o1 z ! c5tre ( all p]fection1 glory1 & beauty1 0 ! revelation ( ,god to ! he>t4 ,he :o 0 ?us sav$1 c\ld n help kn[+ t he 0 reconcil$1 p>don$1 belov$2 & !re=e he rejoic$ 9 ,god 8 ,savi\r3 inde$1 to imag9e joy )\t ?is p]sonal assurance & direct k1 0 q prepo/]\s4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 ! s\l ?us spiritually m9d$ has a ke5 s5se ( l qualities 9 o!rs4 ,x _c b disc]n :5 ano!r is t5d] 9 consci5ce1 dis9t]e/$1 =be>+1 scornful ( untru? & bas5ess1 & e/eem+ no?+ s mu* z ! fruits ( ! ,_s3 accord+ly1 ,john did n hesitate to say3 ,we "k t we h pass$ f dea? unto life1 because we love ! bre?r54 ,our doctr9e c]ta9ly _h be51 t ! ,*ur* 0 ! assembly ( ! sav$1 ga!r$ by ! vital attractions ( ,god's ,_s2 t 9 x no "o 0 ,"l or ,tea*]1 b "o 0 our ,tea*]1 ev5 ,*ri/3 t z long z we _h no e>?ly bribes to tempt m5 to jo9 u1 !re 0 n mu* cause to fe> false bre?r52 = if we 7 heav5ly m9d$1 & ^! 7 e>?ly1 !y w\ld soon dislike & %un u4 ,:y %\ld we ne$ to sit 9 judgm5t & excommunicate !m1 except 9 ! case ( publicly sc&al\s conduct8 ,x is true1 t ,i fully believ$ c]ta9 intellectual convictions to be ess5tial to g5u9e spirituality3 = in/ance1 if ,i _h he>d t a p]son unkn[n to me did n believe 9 ! ,atonem5t ( ,*ri/1 ,i %\ld h inf]r$ t he _h no spiritual life4 ,b if ! p]son _h come "u my direct k1 my !ory 01 on no acc\nt to reject him on a "q ( ,cre$1 b 9 any case to receive all ^? :om ,*ri/ _h receiv$1 all on :om ! ,_s ( ,god _h come d[n1 j z ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem did 9 reg>d to admitt+ ! ,g5tiles1 ,acts xi4 #ah4 ,nev]!less1 0 n ?is p]haps a !ory pleasant to talk (1 b too good = practice8 ,i c\ld n tell2 = x _h nev] be5 s sev]ely tri$4 ,i rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t :5 ,i _h ?\ght x "r to be baptiz$ z an adult1 7reg>d+ my baptism z an infant to h be5 a mis*iev\s fraud17 ! sole confession ( fai? :i* ,i made1 or w\ld endure1 at a "t :5 my or?odoxy 0 unimpea*$1 03 ,i believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god3#b to d5y :i*1 & claim to be ackn[l$g$ z )9 ! pale ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 seem$ to be an absurdity4 ,on ! :ole1 !re=e1 x did n appe> to me t ?is ,*ur*-!ory _h be5 holl[-he>t$ ) me nor unscriptural1 nor 9 any way unpractical2 b t o!rs 7 /ill infect$ ) ! leav5 ( cre$s & =mal te/s1 ) :i* !y reproa*$ ! old ,*ur*4 ,7 !re1 !n1 no o!r he>ts ?an m9e1 a*+ "u mis]able bigotry1 & refre%$ only :5 !y ta/$ 9 o!rs ! true fruits ( ! ,_s1--love1 joy1 peace1 long-suff]+1 g5tl5ess1 goodness1 fidelity1 meekness1 self-control8--,to imag9e ?is 0 to suppose myself a man sup]naturally fav\r$1 an angel ^u e>?4 ,i knew !re mu/ be ?\s&s 9 ?is v po9t m true-he>t$ ?an ,i3 nay1 su* /ill might "s be1 ^: names ,i w5t ov] ) myself3 b ,i _h no he>t = m exp]im5ts4 ,:5 su* a man z he1 ! only mortal to :om ,i _h look$ up z to an apo/le1 _h unhesitat+ly1 unrel5t+ly1 & )\t "o m>k t 8 consci5ce 0 n on 8 side1 flung away all 8 own precepts1 8 own !ories1 8 own magnific5t rebukes ( ,=malism & human ,au?ority1 & _h made himself ! slave & me ! victim ( ^? old & ev]-liv+ tyrants1--:om h5ce=? c\ld ,i tru/8 ,! resolution !n rose 9 me1 to love all good m5 f a di/ance1 b nev] aga9 to c\nt on p]man5t fri5d%ip ) any "o :o 0 n himself ca/ out z a h]etic4 ,nor1 9 fact1 did ! /orm ( di/ress :i* ^! ev5ts inflict$ on me1 subside until ,i will+ly receiv$ ! task ( )/&+ x1 z ,god's trial :e!r ,i 0 fai?ful4 ,z soon z ,i ga9$ /r5g? to say1 ,o my ,"l1 ,i w be> n ?is only1 b m also1#c = ?y sake1 = consci5ce1 & = tru?1--my sorr[s vani%$1 until ! next bl[ & ! next inevitable pang4 ,at la/ my he>t _h di$ )9 me2 ! bitt]ness ( dea? 0 pa/2 ,i 0 satisfi$ to be hat$ by ! sa9ts1 & to reckon t ^? :o _h n yet turn$ aga9/ me w\ld n be> me mu* long]4--,!n ,i conceiv$ ! belief1 t if we may n make a heav5 on e>? = ourselves out ( ! love ( sa9ts1 x is 9 ord] t we may f9d a tru] heav5 9 ,god's love4 ,! "q ab\t ?is "t mu* vex$ me1 :at to d ab\t receiv+ ! ,holy ,supp] ( ! ,"l1 ! great emblem ( bro!rhood1 communion1 & *ur* connexion4 ,at "o "t ,i argu$ ) myself1 t x became an unmean+ =m1 :5 n p>tak5 ( 9 mutual love2 t ,i c\ld nev] aga9 h free int]c\rse ( he>t ) any "o2--:y !n use ! rite ( communion1 :]e !re is no communion8 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i ?\ght x a mode ( confess+ ,*ri/1 & t p]man5tly to disuse x1 0 an unfai?fulness4 ,9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,i c\ld h be5 easy z f> z ! communion =mul>y 0 conc]n$2 b to ! entire sy/em ,i _h contract$ an incurable repugnance1 z worldly1 hypocritical1 & an evil c\nt]feit4 ,i desir$1 !re=e1 to creep into "s obscure congregation1 & !re wait till my m9d _h rip5$ z to ! "r pa? 9 circum/ances s p]plex+4 ,i w only briefly say1 t ,i at la/ settl$ among "s :o _h previ\sly be5 total /rang]s to me4 ,to _! good w & simple k9dness ,i feel myself indebt$3 peace be to !m6 ,?us ,i ga9$ "t1 & repose ( m9d1 :i* ,i greatly ne$$4 ,f ! day t ,i _h m5tally decid$ on total inaction z to all ecclesia/ical que/ions1 ,i c\nt ! t]m9ation ( my ,second ,p]iod4 ,my ideal ( a spiritual ,*ur* _h bl[n up 9 ! mo/ sudd5 & he>tbreak+ way2 ov]p[]+ me ) %ame1 :5 ! viol5ce ( sorr[ 0 pa/4 ,!re 0 no *ange :atev] 9 my own judgm5t1 yet a total *ange ( action 0 inevitable3 t ,i 0 on ! eve ( a great transition ( m9d ,i did n at all suspect4 ,hi!rto my rev]5ce = ! au?ority ( ! :ole & indivisible ,bible 0 ov]rul+ & complete4 ,i nev] really _h d>$ to criticize x2 ,i did n ev5 exact f x self-consi/5cy4 ,if two passages appe>$ to be oppos$1 & ,i c\ld n evade ! difficulty by ! doctr9e ( ,developm5t & ,progress1 ,i inf]r$ t !re 0 "s mode ( conciliation unkn[n to me2 & t p]haps ! dep? ( tru? 9 div9e ?+s c\ld ill be /at$ 9 our imp]fect language4 ,b f ! man :o d>$ to int]pose a human comm5t on ! ,scripture1 ,i mo/ rigidly dem&$ a cle>1 s+le1 self-consi/5t s5se4 ,if he did n "k :at he meant1 :y did he n hold 8 peace8 ,if he did "k1 :y did he s speak z to puzzle u8 ,x 0 = ?is uni=m refusal to all[ ( self-contradiction1 t x 0 m ?an once sadly pr$ict$ ( me at ,ox=d t ,i %\ld become a ,soc9ian2 yet ,i did n apply ?is logical measure to any compositions b ^? :i* 7 av[$ly un9spir$ & human4 ,z to moral criticism1 my m9d 0 practically pro/rate be=e ! ,bible4 ,by ! end ( ?is p]iod ,i _h p]suad$ myself t morality s *anges ) ! comm&s ( ,god1 t we c sc>cely atta* any idea ( immutability to x4 ,i am1 moreov]1 a%am$ to tell any "o h[ ,i spoke & act$ aga9/ my own common s5se "u ?is influ5ce1 & :5 ,i 0 ?\ght a fool1 pray$ t ,i might ?9k x an hon\r to become a fool = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,aga9/ no doctr9e did ,i d>e to br+ moral objections1 except t ( ,reprobation4 ,to ,election1 to ,prev5t+ ,grace1 to ! ,fall & ,orig9al ,s9 ( man1 to ! ,atonem5t1 to ,et]nal ,puni%m5t1 ,i rev]5tly submitt$ my und]/&+2 ?\gh z to ! la/1 new inquiries _h j at ?is crisis be5 op5+ on me4 ,reprobation1 inde$1 ,i always repudiat$ ) great vig\r1 ( :i* ,i %all pres5tly speak4 ,t 0 ! full am\nt ( my orig9al ?\ght2 & 9 x ,i pres]v$ entire rev]5ce = ! sacr$ writ]s4 ,z to miracles1 sc>cely any?+ /agg]$ me4 ,i receiv$ ! /range/ & ! meane/ prodigies ( ,scripture1 ) ! same unhesitat+ fai?1 z if ,i _h nev] und]/ood a proposition ( physical philosophy1 nor a *apt] ( ,hume & ,gibbon4 ,footnote #a3 ,v un9tellig5t criticism ( my words induces me to add1 t ! cr$5tials ( ,revelation1 z di/+ui%$ f ! cont5ts ( ,revelation1 are "h int5d$4 ,:e!r su* a di/9ction c be pres]v$ is q ano!r "q4 ,! view "h exhibit$ is ess5tially t ( ,paley1 & 0 9 my day ! preval5t "o at ,ox=d4 ,i d n ?9k t ! pres5t ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury w dis[n x1 any m ?an ,lloyd1 & ,burton1 & ,hampd51--bi%ops & ,regius ,pr(essors ( ,div9ity4 ,footnote #b3 ,borr[$ f ,acts viii4 #cg4 ,footnote #c3 ,virgil 7neid vi47 gives ! ,/oical side ( ! same ?\ght3 ,tu ne c$e malis1 s$ contra aud5tior ito4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,calv9ism ,,ab&on$4 ,aft] ! excitem5t 0 pa/1 ,i le>n$ _m ?+s f ! ev5ts :i* h be5 nam$4 ,fir/1 ,i _h f\nd t ! class ( ,*ri/ians ) :om ,i _h be5 jo9$ _h explod$ ! old ,cre$s 9 fav\r ( ano!r ( _! own1 :i* 0 nev] giv5 me ^u au?ority1 & yet 0 con/antly slipp+ out1 9 ! words1 ,jesus is ,jehovah4 ,x appe>$ to me c]ta9 t ?is w\ld h be5 d5\nc$ z ! ,sabellian h]esy by ,a?anasias & 8 contempor>ies4 ,i did n wi% to run d[n ,sabellians1 mu* less to excommunicate !m1 if !y w\ld give me equality2 b ,i felt x int5sely unju/ :5 my adh]5ce to ! ,nic5e ,cre$ 0 my real (f5ce1 t ,i %\ld be treat$ z sett+ up "s novel wick$ness aga9/ all ,*ri/5dom1 & sl&]$ by vague imputations :i* rea*$ f> & f> beyond my p[] ( answ]+ or expla9+4 ,my/]i\s asp]sions 7 made ev5 aga9/ my moral#a "*1 & 7 alleg$ to me z additional reasons = refus+ communion ) me2 & :5 ,i dem&$ a tribunal1 & t my accus] w\ld meet me face to face1 all inquiry 0 refus$1 on ! plea t x 0 ne$less & undesirable4 ,i _h mu* reason to believe t a v small numb] ( p]sons _h con/itut$ !mselves my judges1 & us$ aga9/ me all ! airs ( ! ,univ]sal ,*ur*2 ! _m l5d+ !mselves easily to swell ! cry ( h]esy1 :5 !y h little p]sonal acqua9tance ) ! p>ty attack$4 ,moreov]1 :5 ,i 0 be+ condemn$ z 9 error1 ,i 9 va9 ask$ to be told :at 0 ! tru?4 ,i accept ! ,scripture3 t is n en\gh4 ,i accept ! ,nic5e ,cre$3 t is n en\gh4 ,give me !n y\r =mula3 :]e1 :at is x8 ,b no6 ^? :o ?\ght x _! duty to condemn me1 disclaim$ ! pret5sions ( mak+ a ,cre$ :5 ,i ask$ = "o4 ,!y reprobat$ my int]pretation ( ,scripture z aga9/ t ( ! :ole ,*ur*1 b w\ld n und]take to exp\nd t ( ! ,*ur*4 ,i felt conv9c$1 t !y c\ld n h agre$ !mselves z to :at 0 "r3 all t !y c\ld agree ^u 01 t ,i 0 wrong4 ,c\ld ,i h borne to recrim9ate1 ,i believ$ t ,i c\ld h =c$ "o ( !m to condemn ano!r2 b1 oh6 0 div9e tru? s5t u = discord & = condemnation8 ,i sick5$ at ! idea ( a ,*ur* ,tribunal1 :]e none has any au?ority to judge1 & yet to my extreme emb>rassm5t ,i saw t no ,*ur* c safely disp5se ) judicial =ms & o!r worldly app>atus = def5d+ ! reputation ( individuals4 ,at lea/1 none ( ! national & less spiritual in/itutions w\ld h be5 s v unequitable t[>ds me4 ,?is idea enl>g$ itself into ano!r1--t spirituality is no adequate security = s\nd moral disc]nm5t4 ,^! ali5at$ fri5ds did n "k !y 7 act+ unju/ly1 cruelly1 crook$ly1 or !y w\ld h hat$ !mselves = x3 !y ?\ght !y 7 do+ ,god s]vice4 ,! f]v\r ( _! love t[>ds him 0 probably great] ?an m9e2 yet ?is did n make !m sup]ior to prejudice1 or %>p5 _! logical faculties to see t !y 7 idoliz+ words to :i* !y atta*$ no ideas4 ,on sev]al occasions ,i _h di/9ctly p]ceiv$ h[ s]i\s al>m ,i gave by resolutely refus+ to admit any %ift+s & %uffl+s ( language4 ,i felt conv9c$1 t if ,i w\ld b h contradict$ myself two or ?ree times1 & !n h add$1 ,t is ! my/]y ( x1 ,i c\ld h pass$ z or?odox ) _m4 ,i _h be5 *>g$ ) a pr\d & va9 det]m9ation to pry into div9e my/]ies1 b>ely because ,i w\ld n confess to propositions ! mean+ ( :i* 0 to me d\btful1--or say & unsay 9 consecutive brea?s4 ,x 0 too cle>1 t a doctr9e :i* muddles ! und]/&+ p]v]ts also ! p[] ( moral disc]nm5t4 ,if ,i _h committ$ "s flagrant s91 !y w\ld h giv5 me a fair & hon\rable trial2 b :]e !y c\ld n give me a public he>+1 nor yet leave me unimpea*$1 )\t dang] ( 7:at !y call$7 my infect+ ! ,*ur*1 !re 0 no?+ left b to hunt me out unscrupul\sly4 ,unscrupul\sly6 did n ?is "o ^w *>act]ize all religi\s p]secution8 & !n my m9d w&]$ back ov] ! :ole melan*oly tale ( :at is call$ ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,:5 ,ar*bi%op ,cranm] ov]p[]$ ! reluctance ( "y ,edw>d ,,vi4 to burn to dea? ! pi\s & innoc5t ,joan ( ,k5t1 :o moreov] 0 z my/ical & illogical z he>t c\ld wi%1 0 ,cranm] n actuat$ by deep religi\s convictions8 ,none "q 8 piety1 yet x 0 an awfully wick$ de$4 ,:at %all ,i say ( ,calv91 :o burn$ ,s]vetus8 ,:y h ,i be5 s sl[ to le>n1 t religion is an impulse :i* animates u to execute our moral judgm5ts1 b an impulse :i* may be half bl9d8 ,^! bre?r5 believe t ,i may cause ! et]nal ru9 ( o!rs3 h[ h>d !n is x = !m to abide fai?fully by ! laws ( morality & respect my rights6 ,my rights6 ,!y are ( c\rse trampl$ d[n = ! public good1 j z a h\se is bl[n up to /op a conflagration4 ,su* is evid5tly ! !ory ( all p]secution2--:i* is ess5tially f\nd$ on ,hatr$4 ,z ,ari/otle says1 ,he :o is angry1 desires to puni% somebody2 b he :o hates1 desires ! hat$ p]son n ev5 to exi/4 ,h5ce !y _c endure to see me face to face4 ,t ,i may n infect ! re/1 !y desire my non-exi/5ce2 by fair means1 if fair w succe$2 if n1 !n by f\l4 ,& :5ce comes ?is mon/rosity into su* bosoms8 ,weakness ( common s5se1 dread ( ! common und]/&+1 an insuffici5t fai? 9 common morality1 are surely ! disease3 & evid5tly1 no?+ s exasp]ates ?is disease z consecrat+ religi\s t5ets :i* =bid ! ex]cise ( common s5se4 ,i n[ began to und]/& :y x 0 peculi>ly = un9telligible doctr9es l ,transub/antiation & ! ,tri-unity t ,*ri/ians _h committ$ su* execrable wick$nesses4 ,n[ also = ! fir/ "t ,i und]/ood :at _h seem$ n frightful only1 b pret]natural1--! s5sualities & cruelties enact$ z a "p ( religion 9 _m ( ! old ,paganisms4 ,religion & fanaticism are 9 ! embryo b "o & ! same2 to purify & elevate !m we want a cultivation ( ! und]/&+1 )\t :i* our moral code may be indef9itely deprav$4 ,natural k9dness & /rong s5se are aids & guides1 :i* ! mo/ spiritual man _c af=d to despise4 ,i became consci\s t ,i _h despis$ m]e moral m51 z !y 7 call$ 9 ! phraseology ( my s*ool4 ,!y 7 m]g$ 9 ! vague appellation ( ! _w1 ) s9n]s ( e class2 & x 0 habitually assum$1 if n ass]t$1 t !y 7 necess>ily ,ph>isaic1 because !y _h n be5 born aga94 ,= "s "t aft] ,i _h misgiv+s z to my fairness ( judgm5t t[>ds !m1 ,i c\ld n dis5tangle myself f great bewild]m5t conc]n+ _! /ate 9 ! sight ( ,god3 = x 0 an ess5tial "p ( my ,calv9i/ic ,cre$1 t 7z "o ( ! #ci ,articles /ates x7 ! v good works ( ! unreg5]ate und\bt$ly h ! nature ( s91 z inde$ ! v nature ) :i* !y 7 born des]ve? ,god's wra? & damnation4 ,i began to m\rn ov] ! unlovely conduct into :i* ,i _h be5 betray$ by ?is cre$1 long be=e ,i c\ld ?or\ghly get rid ( ! cre$ t ju/ifi$ x3 & a consid]able "t _h to elapse1 ere my new p]ceptions %ap$ !mselves di/9ctly into ! propositions3 ,morality is ! end4 ,spirituality is ! means3 ,religion is ! h&maid to ,morals3 we mu/ be spiritual1 9 ord] t we may be 9 ! highe/ & true/ s5se moral4 ,!n at la/ ,i saw1 t ! defici5cy ( m]e moral m5 is1 t _! morality is apt to be too ext]nal or m]ely negative1 & !re=e incomplete3 t ! man :o wor%ips a fi5d = a ,god may be 9 "s s5se spiritual1 b 8 spirituality w be a devili% fanaticism1 hav+ no?+ 9 x to admire or approve3 t ! moral man des]ves approval or love = all ! absolute good t he has atta9$1 ?\gh !re be a high] good to :i* he aspires n2 & t ! truly & rightly spiritual is he :o aims at an indef9itely high moral excell5ce1 ( :i* ,,god is ! embodim5t to 8 he>t & s\l4 ,if ! absolute excell5ce ( morality be d5i$1 !re is no?+ = spirituality to aspire aft]1 & no?+ 9 ,god to wor%ip4 ,ye>s be=e ,i saw ?is z cle>ly z "h /at$2 ! g5]al tra9 ( ?\ght 0 v :olesome1 9 giv+ me increas$ k9dl9ess ( judgm5t t[>ds ! common _w ( m51 :o d n %[ any religi\s developm5t4 ,x 0 pleasant to me to look on an ord9>y face1 & see x light up into a smile1 & ?9k ) myself3 !re is "o he>t t w judge ( me by :at ,i am1 & n by a ,procru/ean dogma4 ,nor only s1 b ,i saw t ! sa9ts1 )\t ! _w1 w\ld make a v bad _w ( x2 & t z balla/ is want$ to a %ip1 s ! common & r l[ int]e/s & ! homely pr9ciples1 rules1 & ways ( feel+1 keep ! *ur* f f\nd]+ by ! int5sity ( h] own gu/s4 ,"s ( ! above ?\ghts took a /ill m def9ite %ape1 z foll[s4 ,x is cle> t ,a4 ,b4 & ,x4 ,y4 w\ld h behav$ t[>ds me m k9dly1 m ju/ly1 & m wisely1 if !y _h consult$ _! excell5t /rong s5se & amiable natures1 in/ead ( foll[+ 7:at !y suppose to be7 ! comm&s ( ! ^w ( ,god4 ,!y h mis9t]pret$ t ^w3 true3 b ?is v ?+ %[s1 t "o may g wrong by tru/+ "o's p[] ( int]pret+ ! book1 r ?an tru/+ "o's common s5se to judge )\t ! book4 ,x />tl$ me to f9d1 t ,i _h exactly alight$ on ! ,romi% objection to ,prote/ants1 t an infallible book is useless1 unless we h an infallible int]pret]4 ,b x 0 n = "s "t1 t1 aft] twi/+ ! subject 9 all directions to avoid x1 ,i br\ght out ! conclusion1 t to g aga9/ "o's common s5se 9 ob$i5ce to ,scripture is a mo/ haz>d\s proce$+3 = ! rule ( ,scripture means to ea* ( u no?+ b 8 own fallible int]pretation2 & to sacrifice common s5se to ?is1 is to mutilate "o side ( our m9d at ! comm& ( ano!r side4 ,9 ! ,nic5e age1 ! ,bible 0 9 p's h&s1 & ! ,_s ( ,god surely 0 n )held3 yet ,i _h read1 9 "o ( ! ,c\ncils an insane ana!ma 0 pass$3 ,if any "o call ,jesus ,god-man1 in/ead ( ,god & man1 let him be accurs$4 ,surely want ( common s5se1 & dread ( natural reason1 w be confess$ by our highe/ or?odoxy to h be5 ! di/emp] ( t day4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 all ?is ,i /ill rema9$ !oretically conv9c$1 t ! cont5ts ( ! ,scriptures1 rightly int]pret$1 7 supreme & p]fect tru?2 inde$1 ,i _h = sev]al ye>s accu/om$ myself to speak & ?9k z if ! ,bible 7 our sole s\rce ( all moral k3 nev]!less1 !re 7 practically limits1 beyond :i* ,i did n1 & c\ld n1 ev5 attempt to bl9d my moral s5tim5t at ! dictation ( ! ,scripture2 & ?is _h peculi>ly fright5$ 7z ,i aft]w>ds f\nd7 ! fir/ fri5d :o welcom$ me f abroad4 ,i 0 unable to admit ! doctr9e ( reprobation1 z app>5tly taught 9 ! #i? *apt] ( ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,romans2--t ,god h>d5s 9 wick$ness :omev] ,he pleases1 9 ord] t ,he may %[ 8 long-suff]+ 9 putt+ (f _! condemnation to a future dreadful day3 & especially1 t to all objectors x is a suffici5t confutation--,nay1 b ,o man1 :o art ?\1 t replie/ aga9/ ,god8 ,i told my fri5d1 t ,i wor%ipp$ 9 ,god ?ree great attributes1 all indep5d5t1--,p[]1 ,goodness1 & ,wisdom3 t 9 ord] to wor%ip ,him acceptably1 ,i mu/ disc]n ^! z realities ) my inmo/ he>t1 & n m]ely take !m = grant$ on au?ority3 b t ! argum5t :i* 0 "h press$ ^u me 0 an ef=t to sup]s$e ! necessity ( my disc]n+ ,goodness 9 ,god3 x bade me simply to inf] ,goodness f ,p[]1--t is to say1 e/abli% ! doctr9e1 ,might makes ,"r2 accord+ to :i*1 ,i might unaw>es wor%ip a devil4 ,nay1 no?+ s mu* di/+ui%$ ! spiritual tru? ( ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity f abom9able hea!nism1 z ?is v disc]nm5t ( ,god's purity1 ju/ice1 m]cy1 tru?1 goodness2 :ile ! ,pagan wor%ipp$ m]e p[]1 & _h no disc]nm5t ( moral excell5ce2 b laid d[n ! pr9ciple1 t cruelty1 impurity1 or caprice 9 a ,god 0 to be treat$ rev]5tially1 & call$ by "s m decor\s "n4 ,h5ce1 ,i said1 x 0 und]m9+ ! v f\ndation ( ,*ri/ianity itself1 to require belief ( ! validity ( ,rom4 ix4 #ad-bd1 z my fri5d und]/ood x4 ,i ackn[l$g$ ! difficulty ( ! passage1 & ( ! :ole argum5t4 ,i 0 n prep>$ ) an int]pretation2 b ,i rev]$ ,/4 ,paul too mu*1 to believe x possible t he c\ld mean any?+ s obvi\sly hea!ni%1 z t fir/-sight mean+4--,my fri5d look$ grave & anxi\s2 b ,i did n suspect h[ deeply ,i _h %ock$ him1 until _m weeks aft]4 ,at ?is v "t1 moreov]1 gr\nd 0 brok5 9 my m9d on a new subject1 by op5+ 9 a g5tleman's libr>y a pres5tation-copy ( a ,unit>ian treatise aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ,et]nal ,puni%m5t4 ,x 0 ! fir/ ,unit>ian book ( :i* ,i _h ev5 se5 ! outside1 & ,i h&l$ x ) a timid curiosity1 z if by /eal?1 ,i _h only "t to dip into x "h & !re1 & ,i %\ld h be5 a%am$ to possess ! book2 b ,i c>ri$ (f en\gh to sugge/ important inquiry4 ,! writ] ass]t$ t ! ,greek ^w ,greek3 aionios1 7secul>1 or1 belong+ to ! ages17 :i* we translate ev]la/+ & et]nal1 is di/9ctly prov$ by ! ,greek translation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t (t5 to mean only di/ant "t4 ,?us 9 ,psalm lxxvi4 #e1 ,i h consid]$ ! ye>s ( anci5t times3 ,isaiah lxiii #aa1 ,he rememb]$ ! days ( old1 ,moses & 8 p2 9 :i*1 & 9 _m simil> places1 ! ,,lxx h ,greek3 aionios4 ,"o /rik+ passage is ,exodus xv4 #ah2 7,jehovah %all reign = ev] & ev]27 :]e ! ,greek has ,greek3 ton aiona kai ex aiona kai eti1 :i* w\ld mean = et]nity & /ill long]1 if ! /rict r5d]+ et]nity 7 en=c$4 ,at ! same "t a suspicion z to ! hone/y ( our translation pres5t$ itself 9 ,micah v4 #b1 a controv]sial text1 (t5 us$ to prove ! pa/ et]nity ( ! ,son ( ,god2 :]e ! translators give u1--^: go+s =? h be5 f ev]la/+1 ?\gh ! ,hebrew is ! same z !y else:]e r5d] f days ( old4 ,aft] ,i _h at leisure se>*$ ?r\gh ?is new "q1 ,i f\nd t x 0 impossible to make out any doctr9e ( a philosophical et]nity 9 ! :ole ,scriptures4 ,! true ,greek ^w = et]nal 7,greek3 aidios7 occurs twice only3 once 9 ,rom4 i4 #bj1 z appli$ to ! div9e p[]1 & once 9 ,jude #f1 ( ! fire :i* has be5 manife/$ aga9/ ,sodom & ,gomorrha4 ,! la/ in/ance %[$ t all[ance mu/ be made = rhetoric2 & t fire is call$ et]nal or unqu5*able1 :5 x s de/roys z to leave no?+ unburnt4 ,b on ! :ole1 ! v vocabul>y ( ! ,greek & ,hebrew d5ot$ t ! idea ( absolute et]nity 0 un=m$4 ,! hills are call$ ev]la/+ 7secul>871 by ^? :o suppos$ !m to h come into exi/5ce two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s be=e4--,only 9 two passages ( ! ,revelations ,i c\ld n get ov] ! belief t ! writ]'s en]gy 0 misplac$1 if absolute et]nity ( torm5t 0 n int5d$3 yet x seem$ to me unsafe & wrong to f\nd an important doctr9e on a symbolic & confess$ly obscure book ( prophecy4 ,sett+ ?is aside1 ,i f\nd no pro( ( any et]nal puni%m5t4 ,z soon z ! load ( ,scriptural au?ority 0 ?us tak5 (f f me1 ,i _h a vivid disc]nm5t ( intol]able moral difficulties insep>able f ! doctr9e4 ,fir/1 t e s9 is inf9ite 9 ill-des]t & 9 result1 because x is committ$ aga9/ an inf9ite ,be+4 ,?us ! fretfulness ( a *ild is an inf9ite evil6 ,i 0 agha/ t ,i c\ld h believ$ x4 ,n[ t x 0 no long] laid ^u me z a duty to uphold ! inf9itude ( ,god's retaliation on s91 ,i saw t x 0 an immorality to tea* t s9 0 measur$ by any?+ else ?an ! he>t & w ( ! ag5t4 ,t a f9ite be+ %\ld des]ve inf9ite puni%m5t1 n[ 0 manife/ly z incr$ible z t he %\ld des]ve inf9ite rew>d1--:i* ,i _h nev] dream$4--,aga91 ,i saw t ! curr5t or?odoxy made ,satan et]nal conqu]or ov] ,*ri/4 ,9 va9 does ! ,son ( ,god come f heav5 & take human fle% & die on ! cross4 ,9 spite ( him1 ! devil c>ries (f to hell ! va/ majority ( mank9d1 9 :om1 n mis]y only1 b ,s9 is triumphant = ev] & ev]4 ,?us ,*ri/ n only does n succe$ 9 de/roy+ ! works ( ! devil1 b ev5 aggravates !m4--,aga93 :at sort ( gospel or glad tid+s _h ,i be5 hold+8 ,)\t ?is revelation no future /ate at all 7,i presum$7 c\ld be kn[n4 ,h[ mu* bett] no futurity = any1 ?an t a few %\ld be et]nally 9 bliss1 & ! great majority#b kept alive = et]nal s9 z well z et]nal mis]y6 ,my gospel !n 0 bad tid+s1 nay1 ! wor/ ( tid+s6 ,9 a f>!r progress ( ?\ght1 ,i ask$1 w\ld x n h be5 bett] t ! :ole race ( man _h nev] come into exi/5ce8 ,cle>ly6 ,& ?us ,god 0 made out to be unwise 9 creat+ !m4 ,no use 9 ! puni%m5t 0 imag9able1 )\t sett+ up ,fe>1 in/ead ( ,love1 z ! rul+ pr9ciple 9 ! bless$4 ,& :at 0 ! moral t5d5cy ( ! doctr9e8 ,i _h nev] borne to dwell ^u x3 b ,i be=e long suspect$ t x promot$ malignity & selfi%ness1 & 0 ! real clue to ! cruelties p]petrat$ "u ! "n ( religion4 ,= he :o does dwell on x1 mu/ com=t himself "u ! prospect ( 8 bre?r5's et]nal mis]y1 by ! selfi% expectation ( p]sonal bless$ness4 ,:5 ,i ask$ :e!r ,i _h be5 guilty ( ?is selfi%ness1 ,i rememb]$ t ,i _h (t5 m\rn$1 h[ small a "p 9 my practical religion ! future _h ev] borne4 ,my heav5 & my hell _h be5 9 ! pres5t1 :]e my ,god 0 ne> me to smile or to fr[n4 ,x _h seem$ to me a great weakness 9 my fai?1 t ,i nev] _h any vivid imag9ations or /rong desires ( heav5ly glory3 yet n[ ,i 0 glad to obs]ve1 t x _h at lea/ sav$ me f gett+ s mu* h>m f ! wrong side ( ! doctr9e ( a future life4 ,be=e ,i _h work$ out ! objections s fully z "h /at$1 ,i freely disclos$ my ?\ghts to ! fri5d la/ nam$1 & to 8 wife1 t[>ds :om he enc\rag$ me to ex]cise ! fulle/ frankness4 ,i confess1 ,i said no?+ ab\t ! ,unit>ian book2 = some?+ told me t ,i _h violat$ ,evangelical decorum 9 op5+ x1 & t ,i c\ld n calculate h[ x w\ld affect my fri5d4 ,c]ta9ly no ,romi% hi]>*y c s successfully exclude h]etical books1 z social enactm5t excludes ^? ( ,unit>ians f our or?odox circles4 ,! booksell] d>es n to exhibit _! books on 8 c\nt]3 all presume !m to be pe/il5tial3 no "o kn[s _! cont5ts or d>es to in=m himself4 ,b to return4 ,my fri5d's wife ent]$ w>mly into my new views2 ,i h n[ no d\bt t ?is exce$+ly di/ress$ him1 & at l5g? p]v]t$ 8 moral judgm5t3 he himself exam9$ ! texts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & attempt$ no answ] to !m4 ,aft] ,i _h left 8 neighb\rhood1 ,i wrote to him ?ree affectionate lett]s1 & at la/ got a reply--( vehem5t accusation4 ,x c n[ conc]n no "o to "k1 h[ _m & deep w\nds he plant$ 9 me4 ,i =gave2 b all 0 too in/ructive to =get4 ,= "s ye>s ,i re/$ 9 ! belief t ! epi!t secul> puni%m5t ei!r solely d5ot$ puni%m5t 9 a future age1 or else only ( long duration4 ,?is evades ! horrible idea ( et]nal & triumphant ,s91 & ( inf9ite retaliation = f9ite (f5ces4 ,b /ill1 ,i f\nd my new cre$ uneasy1 n[ t ,i _h e/abli%$ a practice 7if n a "r7 ( consid]+ ! moral propriety ( puni%m5t4 ,i c\ld n s p>e away ! vehem5t words ( ! ,scripture1 z really to enable me to say t ,i ?\ght transgressors des]v$ ! fi]y infliction4 ,?is _h be5 easy1 :ile ,i measur$ _! guilt by ,god's greatness2 b :5 t idea 0 r5\nc$1 h[ 0 ,i to ?9k t a good-hum\r$ voluptu>y des]v$ to be rais$ f ! dead 9 ord] to be torm5t$ 9 fire = #ajj ye>s8 & :at %ort] "t c\ld be call$ secul>8 ,or if he 0 to be de/roy$ in/antane\sly1 & secul> meant only 9 a future age1 0 he wor? ! ef=t ( a div9e miracle to br+ him to life & aga9 annihilate him8 ,i 0 n will+ to refuse belief to ! ,scripture on su* gr\nds2 yet ,i felt disquietude1 t my moral s5tim5t & ! ,scripture 7 no long] 9 full h>mony4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is p]iod ,i fir/ disc]n$ ! extreme difficulty t !re mu/ ess5tially be1 9 apply+ to ! ,*ri/ian ,evid5ces a pr9ciple1 :i*1 _m ye>s be=e1 ,i _h ab/ract$ly receiv$ z s\nd1 ?\gh x _h be5 a dead lett] ) me 9 practice4 ,! ,bible 7x seem$7 conta9$ two sorts ( tru?4 ,conc]n+ "o sort1 man is b\nd to judge3 ! o!r sort is necess>ily beyond 8 k51 & is receiv$ only by in=mation f )\t4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! /atem5t _c be d5i$4 ,x w\ld be mon/r\s to say t we "k no?+ ( geography1 hi/ory1 or morals1 except by le>n+ !m f ! ,bible4 ,geography1 hi/ory1 & o!r worldly sci5ces1 lie beyond "q4 ,z to morals1 ,i _h be5 exce$+ly inconsi/5t & wav]+ 9 my !ory & 9 its application2 b x n[ gl>$ ^u me1 t if man _h no indep5d5t p[] ( judg+1 x w\ld h be5 v5ial to ?9k ,b>abbas m virtu\s ?an ,jesus4 ,! he>]s ( ,*ri/ or ,paul c\ld n draw _! k ( "r & wrong f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y _h 7or ne$$ to h7 an inh]5t p[] ( disc]n+ t 8 conduct 0 holy & 8 doctr9e good4 ,to talk ab\t ! infirmity or depravity ( ! human consci5ce is "h q irrelevant4 ,! consci5ce ( ,*ri/'s he>]s may h be5 dim or twi/$1 b x 0 _! be/ guide & only guide1 z to ! "q1 :e!r to reg>d him z a holy prophet3 s likewise1 z to ourselves1 x is evid5t t we h no guide at all :e!r to accept or reject ! ,bible1 if we di/ru/ t inw>d p[] ( judg+1 7:e!r call$ common s5se1 consci5ce1 or ! ,_s ( ,god17--:i* is indep5d5t ( our belief 9 ! ,bible4 ,to disp>age ! int]nally v\*saf$ p[] ( disc]n+ tru? )\t ! ,bible or o!r au?oritative sy/em1 is1 to endeav\r to set up a univ]sal moral scepticism4 ,he :o may n criticize _c approve4--,well6 ,let x be admitt$ t we disc]n moral tru? by a some?+ )9 u1 & t !n1 admir+ ! tru? s glori\s 9 ! ,scriptures1 we are fur!r l$ to receive !m z ! ^w ( ,god1 & !re=e to believe !m absolutely 9 respect to ! matt]s :i* are beyond our k54 ,b two difficulties c\ld no long] be dissembl$3 #a4 ,h[ are we to draw ! l9e ( sep>ation8 ,= in/ance1 w\ld ! doctr9es ( ,reprobation & ( la/+ ,fi]y ,torture ) no b5efit to ! suff]]s1 belong to ! moral "p1 :i* we freely criticize2 or to ! extra-moral "p1 z to :i* we passively believe8 #b4 ,:at is to be done1 if 9 ! p>ts :i* indisputably lie op5 to criticism we meet ) app>5t error8--,! second "q soon became a practical "o ) me3 b = ! read]'s conv5i5ce ,i def] x until my ,f\r? ,p]iod1 to :i* x m naturally belongs3 = 9 ?is ,?ird ,p]iod ,i 0 pr9cipally ex]cis$ ) controv]sies t d n vitally t\* ! au?ority ( ! ,scripture4 ,( ^! ! mo/ important 7 matt]s conte/$ betwe5 ,unit>ians & ,calv9i/s4 ,:5 ,i _h f\nd h[ exactly ! ,nic5e ,cre$ summ$ up all t ,i myself ga!r$ f ,john & ,paul conc]n+ ! div9e nature ( ,*ri/1 ,i naturally ref]r$ to ?is cre$1 z express+ my convictions1 :5 any unpleasant inquiry arose4 ,i _h rec5tly ga9$ ! acqua9tance ( ! late excell5t ,dr4 ,ol9?us ,gregory1 a man ( unimpea*$ or?odoxy2 :o met me by ! frank av[al1 t ! ,nic5e ,cre$ 0 a great mi/ake4 ,he said1 t ! ,arian & ! ,a?anasian diff]5ce 0 n v vital2 & t ! ,scriptural tru? lay beyond ! ,nic5e doctr9e1 :i* fell %ort on ! same side z ,arianism _h done4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i _h le>n$ ( an int]m$iate t5et1 call$ ,semi-,arianism1 :i* appe>$ to me m scriptural ?an ! views ( ei!r ,a?anasius or ,arius4 ,let me bespeak my read]'s pati5ce = a little4 ,arius 0 judg$ by ,a?anasius 7,i 0 in=m$7 to be errone\s 9 two po9ts2 #a4 9 tea*+ t ! ,son ( ,god 0 a creature2 i4e4 t begott5 & made 7 two words = ! same idea3 #b4 9 tea*+1 t he _h an orig9 ( exi/5ce 9 "t2 s t !re 0 a di/ant p]iod at :i* he 0 n4 ,( ^! two ,arian t5ets1 ! ,nic5e ,cre$ condemn$ ! =m] only2 namely1 9 ! words1 begott51 n made2 be+ ( "o sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r4 ,b on ! latt] "q ! ,cre$ is sil5t4 ,^? :o accept$ ! ,cre$1 & h]eby condemn$ ! great error ( ,arius t ! ,son 0 ( diff]5t sub/ance f ! ,fa!r1 b nev]!less agre$ ) ,arius 9 ?9k+ t ! ,son _h a beg9n+ ( exi/5ce1 7 call$ ,semi-,arians2 & 7 receiv$ into communion by ,a?anasius1 9 spite ( ?is disagreem5t4 ,to me x seem$ to be a mo/ unwor?y %uffl+ ) words1 to say t ! ,son 0 begott51 b 0 nev] begott54 ,! v =m ( our pa/ p>ticiple is inv5t$ to indicate an ev5t 9 pa/ "t4 ,if ! ,a?anasians alleg$ t ! phrase does n allude to a com+ =? complet$ at a def9ite "t1 b indicates a process at no "t begun & at no "t complete1 _! doctr9e c\ld n be express$ by our pa/-p]fect t5se begott54 ,:5 !y comp>$ ! d]ivation ( ! ,son ( ,god f1 ! ,fa!r to ! rays ( light :i* ev] fl[ f ! natural sun1 & argu$ t if t sun _h be5 et]nal1 its emanations w\ld be co-et]nal1 !y %[$ t _! true doctr9e requir$ ! =mula--always be+ begott51 & z in/antly p]i%+1 9 ord] to be rebegott5 p]petually4 ,!y %[$ a real disbelief 9 our ,engli% /atem5t begott51 n made4 ,i ov]rul$ ! objection1 t 9 ! ,greek x 0 n a p>ticiple1 b a v]bal adjective2 = x 0 manife/ to me1 t a religion :i* c\ld n be proclaim$ 9 ,engli% c\ld n be true2 & ! v idea ( a ,cre$ ann\nc+ t ,*ri/ 0 n begott51 yet begettive1 r\s$ 9 me an unspeakable loa?+4 ,yet surely ?is w\ld h be5 ,a?anasius's mo/ legitimate =m ( d5y+ ,semi-,arianism4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,scriptural phrase1 ,son ( ,god1 convey$ to u ei!r a lit]al fact1 or a metaphor4 ,if lit]al1 ! ,semi-,arians 7 cle>ly "r1 9 say+ t son%ip impli$ a beg9n+ ( exi/5ce4 ,if x 0 a metaphor1 ! ,a?anasians =feit$ all "r to press ! lit]al s5se 9 pro( t ! ,son mu/ be ( ! same sub/ance z ! ,fa!r4--,see+ t ! ,a?anasians1 9 zeal to magnify ! ,son1 _h s conf\nd$ _! good s5se1 ,i 0 c]ta9ly />tl$ to f9d a man ( ,dr4 ,ol9?us ,gregory's moral wisdom treat ! ,nic5i/s z 9 obvi\s error = n hav+ magnifi$ ,*ri/ en\gh4 ,on s _m o!r sides1 h[ev]1 ,i met ) ! new & %ort cre$1 ,jesus is ,jehovah1 t ,i began to disc]n ,sabellianism to be ! preval5t view4 ,a little lat]1 ,i fell 9 ) a book ( an ,am]ican ,pr(essor1 ,moses ,/u>t ( ,&ov]1 on ! subject ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,pr(essor ,/u>t is a v le>n$ man1 & ?9ks = himself4 ,x 0 a great novelty to me1 to f9d him n only d5y ! or?odoxy ( all ! ,fa!rs1 7:i* 0 little m ?an ,dr4 ,ol9?us ,gregory _h done17 b av[ t f ! *ange 9 speculative philosophy x 0 simply impossible = any mod]n to hold ! views preval5t 9 ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies4 ,no?+ 7said he7 ,,0 cle>]1 ?an t ) u ! ess5tial po9t 9 ,deity is1 to be unorig9at$1 und]iv$2 h5ce ) u1 a d]iv$ ,god is a self-contradiction1 & ! v s\nd ( ! phrase pr(ane4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is c]ta9 t ! doctr9e ( ,a?anasius1 equally z ( ,arius1 01 t ! ,fa!r is ! und]iv$ or self-exi/5t ,god1 b ! ,son is ! d]iv$ subord9ate ,god4 ,?is 7argu$ ,/u>t7 turn$ ^u _! belief 9 ! doctr9e ( ,emanations2 b z we hold no su* philosophical doctr9e1 ! religi\s !ory f\nd$ on x is necess>ily inadmissible4 ,pr(essor ,/u>t !n develops 8 own cre$1 :i* appe>$ to me simple & und5iable ,sabellianism4 ,t ,/u>t correctly repres5t$ ! ,fa!rs 0 cle> en\gh to me2 b ,i nev]!less ?\ght t 9 ?is respect ! ,fa!rs _h hone/ly made out ! doctr9e ( ! ,scripture2 & ,i did n at all approve ( sett+ up a batt]y ( mod]n speculative philosophy aga9/ ,scriptural doctr9e4 ,h[ are we to "k t ! doctr9e ( ,emanations is false8 7ask$ ,i47 ,if x is legitimately elicit$ f ,scripture1 x is true4--,i refus$ to yield up my cre$ at ?is summons4 ,nev]!less1 he left a w\nd ^u me3 = ,i n[ c\ld n help see+1 t we mod]ns use ! ^w ,god 9 a m limit$ s5se ?an any anci5t nations did4 ,hebrews & ,greeks alike said ,gods1 to mean any sup]human be+s2 h5ce d]iv$ ,god did n s\nd to !m absurd2 b ,i c\ld n d5y t 9 good ,engli% x is absurd4 ,?is 0 a v disagreeable discov]y3 = n[1 if any "o 7 to ask me :e!r ,i believ$ 9 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 ,i saw x w\ld be di%one/ to say simply1 ,yes2 = ! int]rogator means to ask1 :e!r ,i hold ,*ri/ to be ! et]nal & und]iv$ ,s\rce ( life2 yet if ,i said ,no1 he w\ld c>e no?+ = my pr(ess+ to hold ! ,nic5e ,cre$4 ,might n !n1 aft] all1 ,sabellianism be ! tru?8 ,no3 ,i disc]n$ too pla9ly :at ,gibbon /ates1 t ! ,sabellian1 if consi/5t1 is only a conceal$ ,ebionite1 or u we n[ say1 a ,unit>ian1 ,soc9ian4 ,z we _c admit t ! ,fa!r 0 sla9 on ! cross1 or pray$ to himself 9 ! g>d51 he :o w n all[ ! ,fa!r & ! ,son to be sep>ate p]sons1 b only two names = "o p]son1 mu/ divide ! ,son ( ,god & ,jesus into two p]sons1 & s fall back on ! v h]esy ( ,soc9us :i* he is /ruggl+ to escape4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i saw1 t h[ev] p might call !mselves ,tr9it>ians1 yet if1 l ,/u>t & all ! ,evangelicals 9 ,*ur* & ,diss5t1 !y turn into a dead lett] ! g5]ation ( ! ,son ( ,god1 & ! procession ( ! ,_s1 no?+ is possible b ,sabellianism or ,tri!ism3 or1 inde$1 ,di!ism1 if ! ,_s's sep>ate p]sonality is n held4 ,! mod]n cre$ is alt]nately ! "o or ! o!r1 z occasion requires4 ,sabellians w\ld f9d !mselves out to be m]e ,unit>ians1 if !y always rema9$ ,sabellians3 b 9 fact1 !y are half _! lives ,di!i/s4 ,!y d n aim at consi/5cy2 w\ld an uphold] ( ! pseudo-,a?anasian cre$ desire x8 ,:y1 t cre$ tea*es1 t ! height ( or?odoxy is to contradict oneself & prote/ t "o does n4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 rose on me ! "q3 ,:y d ,i n take ! ,iri% cl]gyman at 8 ^w1 & attack him & o!rs z idolat]s & wor%ipp]s ( ?ree ,gods8 ,x 0 unseemly & absurd 9 him to try to =ce me into :at he mu/ h judg$ un*>itabl5ess2 b x 0 n ! less incumb5t on me to f9d a reply4 ,i rememb]$ t 9 pa/ ye>s ,i _h expressly dis[n$1 z obvi\sly unscriptural & absurd1 pray]s to ! ,holy ,_s1 on ! gr\nd t ! ,_s is evid5tly ,god 9 ! he>ts ( ! fai?ful1 & no?+ else3 & x did n appe> to me t any b a few extreme & r fanatical p]sons c\ld be *>g$ ) mak+ ! ,_s a ?ird ,god or object ( di/9ct wor%ip4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i c\ld n d5y t ! ,son & ! ,fa!r 7 ?us di/+ui%$ to ! m9d4 ,s inde$ ,john expressly av[$--truly our fell[%ip is ) ! ,fa!r1 & ) 8 ,son ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i myself also _h pray$ sometimes to ,god & sometimes to ,*ri/1 alt]nately & confus$ly4 ,n[1 inde$1 ,i 0 bett] taught6 n[ ,i 0 m logical & consi/5t6 ,i _h f\nd a triumphant answ] to ! *>ge ( ,di!ism1 9 t ,i believ$ ! ,son to be d]iv$ f ! ,fa!r1 & n to be ! ,unorig9at$--,no d\bt6 yet1 aft] all1 c\ld ,i s]i\sly ?9k t morally & spiritually ,i 0 ei!r bett] or worse = ?is discov]y8 ,i c\ld n pret5d t ,i 04 ,?is %[$ me1 t if a man ( p>tially uns\nd & vision>y m9d made ! angel ,gabriel a f\r? p]son 9 ! ,godhead1 x might cause no diff]5ce :atev] 9 ! act+s ( 8 _s ,! great "q w\ld be1 :e!r he ascrib$ ! same moral p]fection to ,gabriel z to ! ,fa!r4 ,if s1 to wor%ip him w\ld be no degradation to ! s\l2 ev5 if absolute omnipot5ce 7 n attribut$1 nay1 nor a pa/ et]nal exi/5ce4 ,x ?us became cle> to me1 t ,poly!ism z su* is n a moral & spiritual1 b at mo/ only an intellectual1 error2 & t its practical evil consi/s 9 wor%ipp+ be+s :om we repres5t to our imag9ations z morally imp]fect4 ,conv]sely1 "o :o imputes to ,god s5tim5ts & conduct :i* 9 man he w\ld call caprici\s or cruel1 su* a "o1 ev5 if he be z mono!i/ic z a ,mussulman1 admits into 8 s\l ! :ole virus ( ,idolatry4 ,:y !n did ,i at all cl+ to ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/'s sup]ior nature1 & n admit x among ?+s indiff]5t8 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! ,scripture1 ,i did actually affirm1 t1 z = z cre$ is conc]n$1 a man %\ld be admissible into ! ,*ur* on ! b>e confession t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/4 ,/ill1 ,i reg>d$ a belief 9 8 sup]human orig9 z ( fir/-rate importance1 = _m reasons1 & among o!rs1 ow+ to its connexion ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t2 on :i* !re is mu* to be said4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! doctr9e :i* ,i us$ to read z a boy1 taught t a va/ sum ( puni%m5t 0 due to ,god = ! s9s ( m54 ,?is va/ sum 0 made up ( all ! woes due ?r\gh et]nity to ! :ole human race1 or1 z "s said1 to ! elect4 ,*ri/ on ! cross bore ?is puni%m5t himself & !reby took x away3 ?us ,god is enabl$ to =give )\t violat+ ju/ice4--,b ,i e>ly enc\nt]$ unansw]able difficulty on ?is !ory1 z to ! "q1 :e!r ,*ri/ _h borne ! puni%m5t ( all or ( "s only4 ,if ( all1 is x n unju/ to inflict any ( x on any8 ,if ( ! elect only1 :at gospel h y to prea*8 = !n y _c tell s9n]s t ,god has provid$ a ,savi\r = !m2 = y d n "k :e!r ^? :om y address are elect4 ,f9d+ no way out ( ?is1 ,i ab&on$ ! fundam5tal idea ( comp5sation 9 quantity1 z unt5able2 & re/$ 9 ! vagu] notion1 t ,god signally %[$ 8 abhorr5ce ( s91 by lay+ trem5d\s mis]y on ! ,savi\r :o 0 to be> away s94 ,i h already n>rat$1 h[ at ,ox=d ,i 0 emb>rass$ z to ! =5sic propriety ( transf]r+ puni%m5t at all4 ,?is h[ev] ,i receiv$ z matt] ( au?ority1 & re/$ mu* on ! wond]ful exhibition made ( ! evil ( s91 :5 su* a be+ c\ld be subject$ to pret]natural suff]+ z a vic>i\s s9be>]4 ,to ?is view1 a high s5se ( ! p]sonal dignity ( ,jesus 0 q ess5tial2 & !re=e ,i _h always felt a great repugnance = ,mr4 ,bel%am1 ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 & ! ,unit>ians ( t s*ool1 ?\gh ,i _h n read a l9e ( _! writ+s4 ,a m intimate famili>ity ) ,/4 ,paul & an anxi\s h>moniz+ ( my v words to ! ,scripture1 l$ me on into a deviation f ! popul> cre$1 ( ! full importance ( :i* ,i 0 n = "s "t aw>e4 ,i p]ceiv$ t x is n ! agonies ( m9d or body endur$ by ,*ri/1 :i* 9 ! ,scriptures are said to take away s91 b 8 dea?1 8 lay+ d[n 8 life1 or sometimes ev5 8 resurrection4 ,i gradually became conv9c$1 t :5 8 suff]+1 or m especially 8 blood1 is emphatically spok5 (1 no?+ is meant b 8 viol5t dea?4 ,9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 :]e ! analogy ( ,sacrifice is s press$1 we see t ! pa9s :i* ,jesus bore 7 9 ord] t he might le>n ob$i5ce1 b our r$emption is effect$ by 8 dy+ z a volunt>y victim3 9 :i*1 dea? by blood%$1 n pa91 is ! c>d9al po9t4 ,s too ! ,pas*al lamb 7to :i*1 ?\gh n prop]ly a sacrifice1 ! dy+ ,*ri/ is comp>$ by ,paul7 0 n roa/$ alive1 or o!rwise put to sl[ torm5t1 b 0 simply kill$4 ,i !re=e saw t ! doctr9e ( vic>i\s agonies 0 fundam5tally unscriptural4 ,?is be+ fully disc]n$1 ,i at la/ became bold to criticize ! popul> t5et4 ,:at %\ld we ?9k ( a judge1 :o1 :5 a boy _h des]v$ a /ripe :i* w\ld to him h be5 a %>p puni%m5t1 laid ! v same bl[ on a /rong man1 to :om x 0 a slight infliction8 ,cle>ly ?is w\ld evade1 n satisfy ju/ice4 ,to c>ry out ! pr9ciple1 ! bl[ might be laid z well on a giant1 an elephant1 or on an inanimate ?+4 ,s1 to lay our puni%m5t on ! inf9ite /r5g? ( ,*ri/1 :o 7!y say7 bore 9 six h\rs :at x w\ld h tak5 ?\s&s ( millions ( m5 all et]nity to be>1 w\ld be a simil> evasion4--,i f>!r ask$1 if we 7 to fall 9 ) ,pagans1 :o tortur$ _! victims to dea? z an atonem5t1 :at idea ( ,god %\ld we ?9k !m to =m8 & :at %\ld we reply1 if !y said1 x gave !m a :olesome view ( 8 hatr$ ( s98 ,a second "t ,i %udd]$ at ! notions :i* ,i _h once imbib$ z a "p ( religion1 & !n got com=t f ! inf]5ce1 h[ mu* bett] m5 ( ?is c5tury are ?an _! cre$4 ,_! cre$ 0 ! product ( ages ( cruelty & cr$ulity2 & x suffici5tly be>s t /amp4 ,?us ,i re/$ 9 ! ,scriptural doctr9e1 t ! dea? ( ,*ri/ is our atonem5t4 ,to say ! same ( ! dea? ( ,paul1 0 obvi\sly unscriptural3 x 01 !n1 ess5tial to believe ! physical nature ( ,*ri/ to be diff]5t f t ( ,paul4 ,if o!rwise1 dea? 0 due to ,jesus z ! lot ( nature3 h[ c\ld su* dea? h any?+ to d ) our salvation8 ,on ?is gr\nd ! ,unit>ian doctr9e 0 utt]ly unt5able3 ,i c\ld see no?+ betwe5 my own view & a total r5unciation ( ! au?ority ( ! doctr9es promulgat$ by ,paul & ,john4 ,nev]!less1 my own view seem$ m]e & m unmean+ ! m closely x 0 int]rogat$4 ,:5 ,i ascrib$ dea? to ,*ri/1 :at did dea? mean8 & :at or :om did ,i suppose to die8 ,0 x man t di$1 or ,god8 ,if man only1 h[ 0 t wond]ful1 or h[ did x conc]n u8 ,besides2--p]sons die1 n natures3 a nature is only a collection ( prop]ties3 if ,*ri/ 0 "o p]son1 all ,*ri/ di$4 ,did1 !n1 ,god die1 & man rema9 alive6 ,= ,god to become non-exi/5t is an unimag9able absurdity4 ,b is ?is dea? a m]e *ange ( /ate1 a r5unciation ( e>?ly life8 ,/ill x rema9s uncle> h[ ! p>t+ ) m]e human life c\ld be to "o :o possesses div9e life ei!r an atonem5t or a humiliation4 ,0 x n r an escape f humiliation1 sav+ only ! mode ( dea?8 ,s sev]e 0 ?is difficulty1 t at l5g? ,i unaw>es dropt f ,semi-,arianism into pure ,arianism1 by s di/+ui%+ ! ,son f ! ,fa!r1 z to admit ! idea t ! ,son ( ,god _h actually be5 non-exi/5t 9 ! int]val betwe5 dea? & resurrection3 nev]!less1 ,i m & m felt1 t to be able to def9e my own notions on su* que/ions _h exce$+ly little to d ) my spiritual /ate4 ,= me x 0 important & ess5tial to "k t ,god hat$ s91 & t ,god _h =giv5 my s93 b to "k "o p>ticul> manife/ation ( 8 hatr$ ( s91 or ! ma*9]y by :i* ,he _h enabl$ himself to =give1 0 ( v second>y importance4 ,:5 ,he proclaims to me 9 8 ^w1 t ,he is =giv+ to all ! p5it5t1 x is n = me to reply1 t ,i _c believe t1 until ,i he> h[ ,he manages to reconcile su* conduct ) 8 o!r attributes4 ,yet1 ,i rememb]$1 ?is 0 ,bi%op ,bev]idge's suffici5t refutation ( ,mohamm$ism1 :i* tea*es no atonem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ! same "t great progress _h be5 made 9 my m9d t[>ds ! ov]?r[ ( ! correlative dogma ( ! ,fall ( man & 8 total corruption4 ,probably = ye>s ,i _h be5 unaw>es anti-,calv9i/ic on ?is topic4 ,ev5 at ,ox=d1 ,i _h held t human depravity is a fact1 :i* x is absurd to argue aga9/2 a fact1 atte/$ by ,?ucydides1 ,polybius1 ,horace1 & ,tacitus1 almo/ z /rongly z by ,/4 ,paul4 ,yet 9 admitt+ man's total corruption1 ,i int]pret$ ?is ( spiritual1 n ( moral1 p]v]sion3 = t !re 7 k9dly & amiable qualities ev5 9 ! unreg5]ate1 0 q z cle> a fact z any o!r4 ,h5ce 9 result ,i did n attribute to man any great ess5tial depravity1 9 ! popul> & moral s5se ( ! ^w2 & ! doctr9e am\nt$ only to ?is1 t spiritually1 man is p>alyz$1 until ! grace ( ,god comes freely ^u him4 ,h[ to reconcile ?is ) ! condemnation1 & puni%m5t ( man = be+ unspiritual1 ,i knew n4 ,i saw1 & did n dissemble1 ! difficulty2 b receiv$ x z a my/]y h]eaft] to be cle>$ up4 ,b x gradually broke ^u me1 t :5 ,paul said no?+ /rong] ?an hea!n morali/s _h said ab\t human wick$ness1 x 0 absurd to quote 8 words1 any m ?an !irs1 9 pro( ( a ,fall1--t is1 ( a p]man5t deg5]acy induc$ by ! fir/ s9 ( ! fir/ man3 & :5 ,i /udi$ ! #e? *apt] ( ! ,romans1 ,i f\nd x 0 dea?1 n corruption1 :i* ,adam 0 said to h entail$4 ,9 %ort1 ,i c\ld sc>cely f9d ! mod]n doctr9e ( ! ,fall any :]e 9 ! ,bible4 ,i !n rememb]$ t ,calv91 9 8 ,in/itutes1 compla9s t all ! ,fa!rs are het]odox on ?is po9t2 ! ,greek ,fa!rs be+ griev\sly ov]we5+ 9 _! e/imate ( human p[]2 :ile ( ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs ev5 ,augu/9e is n always up to ,calv9's m>k ( or?odoxy4 ,?is confirm$ my ris+ conviction t ! t5et is ( r rec5t orig94 ,i aft]w>ds he>d1 t bo? x & ! doctr9e ( comp5satory mis]y 7 fir/ sy/ematiz$ by ,ar*bi%op ,anselm1 9 ! reign ( our ,william ,rufus3 b ,i nev] took ! pa9s to v]ify ?is4 ,= mean:ile ,i _h be5 =cibly impress$ ) ! foll[+ ?\ght4 ,suppose a y\? to h be5 c>efully br\ght up at home1 & e temptation kept out ( 8 way3 suppose him to h be5 9 appe>ance virtu\s1 amiable1 religi\s3 suppose1 f>!r1 t at ! age ( tw5ty-"o he goes out into ! _w1 & falls into s9 by ! fir/ temptation3--h[ w a ,calv9i/ic tea*] moralize ov] su* a y\?8 ,w he n say3 ,behold a pro( ( ! ess5tial depravity ( human nature6 ,see ! aff9ity ( man = s96 ,h[ fair & deceptive 0 ?is "y man's virtue1 :ile he 0 %elt]$ f temptation2 b oh6 h[ rott5 has x prov$ itself6--,und\bt$ly1 ! ,calv9i/ w\ld & mu/ s moralize4 ,b x /ruck me1 t if ,i sub/itut$ ! "n ( ,adam = ! y\?1 ! argum5t prov$ ! primitive corruption ( ,adam's nature4 ,adam fell by ! fir/ temptation3 :at great] pro( ( a fall5 nature h ,i ev] giv58 or :at is x possible = any "o to give8--,i ?us disc]n$ t !re 0 priori impossibility ( fix+ on myself ! imputation ( deg5]acy1 )\t fix+ ! same on ,adam4 ,9 %ort1 ,adam und5iably prov$ 8 primitive nature to be frail2 s d we all3 b z he 0 nev]!less n primitively corrupt1 :y %\ld we call ourselves s8 ,frailty1 !n1 is n corruption1 & does n prove deg5]acy4 ,orig9al s9 7says "o ( ! #ci ,articles7 /&e? n 9 ! foll[+ ( ,adam1 z ! ,pelagians d va9ly talk1 c4 ,alas1 !n6 0 ,i become a ,pelagian8 c]ta9ly ,i c\ld no long] see t ,adam's fir/ s9 affect$ me m ?an 8 second or ?ird1 or s mu* z ! s9s ( my imm$iate p>5ts4 ,a fa!r :o1 = in/ance1 indulges 9 furi\s passions & excit+ liquors1 may 7,i suppose7 transmit viol5t passions to 8 son4 ,9 ?is s5se ,i c\ld n :olly reject ! possibility ( transmitt$ corruption2 b x _h no?+ to d ) ! !ological doctr9e ( ! ,f$]al ,head%ip ( ,adam4 ,n t ,i c\ld :olly give up ?is la/ doctr9e2 = ,i /ill read x 9 ! #e? *apt] ( ,romans4 ,b x 0 cle> to me1 t :atev] t meant1 ,i c\ld n comb9e x ) ! idea ( deg5]acy1 nor c\ld ,i f9d a pro( ( x 9 ! fact ( preval5t wick$ness4 ,?us ,i receiv$ a %ad[y doctr9e on m]e ,scriptural au?ority2 x _h no long] any root 9 my und]/&+ or he>t4 ,moreov]1 x 0 manife/ to me t ! ,calv9i/ic view is bas$ 9 a va9 attempt to acquit ,god ( hav+ creat$ a s9ful be+1 :ile ! broad ,scriptural fact is1 t he did create a be+ z truly liable to s9 z any ( u4 ,if t ne$s no exculpation1 h[ m does our /ate ne$ x8 ,does x n suffice to say1 t e creature1 because he is a creature & n ,god1 mu/ necess>ily be frail8 ,b ,calv9 int5sely aggravates :atev] !re is ( difficulty3 = he supposes ,god to h creat$ ! mo/ preci\s ?+ on e>? 9 un/able equilibrium1 s z to tipple ov] irrecov]ably at ! fir/ inf9itesimal t\*1 & ) x wreck = ev] ! spiritual hopes ( all ,adam's po/]ity4 ,surely all nature proclaims1 t if ,god plant$ any spiritual nature at all 9 man1 x 0 9 /able equilibrium1 able to "r itself :5 d]ang$4 ,la/ly1 ,i saw t ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9e ( human deg5]acy tea*es1 t ,god dis[ns my nature 7! only nature ,i ev] _h7 z n 8 "w1 b ! devil's "w4 ,he h]eby tells me t he is n my ,creator1 & he disclaims 8 "r ov] me1 z a fa!r :o dis[ns a *ild4 ,to tea* ?is is to tea* t ,i owe him no ob$i5ce1 no wor%ip1 no tru/3 to sev] ! cords t b9d ! creature to ! ,creator1 & to make all religion gratuit\s & va94 ,?us ,calv9ism 0 f\nd by me n only n to be ,evangelical1 b n to be logical1 9 spite ( its high logical pret5sions1 & to be irreconcilable ) any intellig5t !ory ( religion4 ,( gloomy ,calv9ism ,i _h (t5 he>d p speak ) an emphasis1 t annoy$ me z highly unju/2 = m9e _h n be5 a gloomy religion3--f>1 v f> f x4 ,on ! side ( et]nal puni%m5t1 its !ory1 no d\bt1 _h be5 gloomy en\gh2 b human nature has a notable art ( n realiz+ all ! articles ( a cre$2 moreov]1 ?is doctr9e is equally held by ,arm9ians4 ,b ,i 0 consci\s1 t 9 dropp+ ,calv9ism ,i _h lo/ no?+ ,evangelical3 on ! contr>y1 ! gospel :i* ,i reta9$ 0 z spiritual & deep-he>t$ z be=e1 only m m]ciful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e ?is ,?ird ,p]iod ( my cre$ 0 complet$1 ,i made my fir/ acqua9tance ) a ,unit>ian4 ,?is g5tleman %[$ mu* sweetness ( m9d1 l>g5ess ( *>ity1 & a timid dev\tness :i* ,i _h n expect$ 9 su* a qu>t]4 ,8 mixture ( cr$ulity & incr$ulity seem$ to me caprici\s1 & :olly incoh]5t4 ,fir/1 z to 8 incr$ulity1 or r1 boldness ( ?\ght4 ,et]nal puni%m5t 0 a notion1 :i* no?+ c\ld make him believe1 & = :i* x w\ld be useless to quote ,scripture to him2 = ! doctr9e 7he said7 d>k5$ ! moral "* ( ,god1 & produc$ malignity 9 man4 ,t ,*ri/ _h any high] nature ?an we all h1 0 a t5et ess5tially inadmissible2 fir/1 because x de/roy$ all moral b5efit f 8 example & sympa?y1 & next1 because no "o has yet succe$$ 9 ev5 /at+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation )\t contradict+ himself4 ,if ,*ri/ 0 b "o p]son1 "o m9d1 !n t "o m9d c\ld n be simultane\sly f9ite & inf9ite1 nor !re=e simultane\sly ,god & man4 ,b :5 ,i came to he> m f ?is same g5tleman1 ,i f\nd him to av[ t no ,tr9it>ian c\ld h a high] conception ?an he ( ! pres5t p[] & glory ( ,*ri/4 ,he believ$ t ! man ,jesus is at ! head ( ! :ole moral creation ( ,god2 t all p[] 9 heav5 & e>? is giv5 to him3 t he w be ,judge ( all m51 & is himself rais$ above all judgm5t4 ,?is 0 to me unimag9able f 8 po9t ( view4 ,c\ld he really ?9k ,jesus to be a m]e man1 & yet believe him to be s9less8 ,on :at did t belief re/8 ,two texts 7 quot$ 9 pro(1 #a ,pet4 ii4 #ba1 & ,heb4 iv4 #ae4 ,( ^!1 ! =m] did n necess>ily mean any?+ m ?an t ,jesus 0 unju/ly put to dea?2 & ! latt] belong$ to an ,epi/le1 :i* my new fri5d _h already reject$ z unapo/olic & n ( fir/-rate au?ority1 :5 speak+ ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,inde$1 t ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is n f ! h& ( ,paul1 _h v long seem$ to me an obvi\s c]ta9ty1--z long z ,i _h _h any delicate feel+ ( ,greek /yle4 ,t a human *ild1 born ) ! nature ( o!r *ildr51 & hav+ to le>n wisdom & w9 virtue ?r\gh ! same process1 %\ld gr[ up s9less1 appe>$ to me an ev5t s p>adoxical1 z to ne$ ! mo/ amply decisive pro(4 ,yet :at k9d ( pro( 0 possible8 ,nei!r ,apollos1 7if he 0 ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrew17 nor yet ,pet]1 _h any p[] ( atte/+ ! s9lessness ( ,jesus1 z a fact kn[n to !mselves p]sonally3 !y c\ld only le>n x by "s pret]natural communication1 to :i*1 nev]!less1 ! passages be=e u impli$ no pret5sion :atev]4 ,to me x appe>$ an axiom1#c t if ,jesus 0 9 physical orig9 a m]e man1 he 01 l myself1 a s9ful man1 & !re=e c]ta9ly n my ,judge1 c]ta9ly n an omnisci5t read] ( all he>ts2 nor on any acc\nt to be b[$ d[n to z ,"l4 ,to ex]cise hope1 fai?1 tru/ 9 him1 seem$ !n an impiety4 ,i did n mean to impute impiety to ,unit>ians2 /ill ,i di/9ctly believ$ t ,engli% ,unit>ianism c\ld nev] af=d me a half h\r's re/+-place4 ,nev]!less1 f contact ) ?is excell5t p]son ,i le>n$ h[ mu* t5d]ness ( _s a ,unit>ian may h2 & x pleasantly enl>g$ my *>ity1 al?\gh ,i cont9u$ to feel mu* repugnance = 8 doctr9e1 & 0 anxi\s & con/ra9$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,unit>ians4 ,f ! same collision ) him1 ,i ga9$ a fre% insight into a "p ( my own m9d4 ,i _h always reg>d$ ! ,gospels 7at lea/ ! ?ree fir/7 to be to ! ,epi/les ne>ly z ,law to ,gospel2 t is1 ! ?ree gospels dealt *iefly 9 precept1 ! epi/les 9 motives :i* act on ! affections4 ,?is did n appe> to me di%on\rable to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/2 = ,i suppos$ x to be a pre-det]m9$ developm5t4 ,b ,i n[ discov]$ t !re 0 a deep] di/a/e 9 me = ! details ( ! human life ( ,*ri/1 ?an ,i 0 previ\sly consci\s (--a di/a/e :i* ,i f\nd out1 by a reaction f ! m9ute int]e/ felt 9 su* details by my new fri5d4 ,= sev]al ye>s m1 ,i did n fully und]/& h[ & :y ?is 02 viz4 t my religion _h always be5 ,paul9e4 ,*ri/ 0 to me ! ideal ( glorifi$ human nature3 b ,i ne$$ "s dimness 9 ! portrait to give play to my imag9ation3 if drawn too %>ply hi/orical1 x sank into some?+ n sup]human1 & caus$ a revulsion ( feel+4 ,z all pa9t+s ( ! miracul\s us$ to displease & ev5 disgu/ me f a boy by ! unbelief :i* !y inspir$2 s if any "o dwelt on ! special pro(s ( t5d]ness & love exhibit$ 9 c]ta9 words or actions ( ,jesus1 x 0 apt to call out 9 me a s5se1 t f day to day equal k9dness might (t5 be met4 ,! imbecility ( prea*]s1 :o w\ld dwell on su* words z ,weep n1 z if nobody else ev] utt]$ su*1--_h always annoy$ me4 ,i felt x impossible to obta9 a wor?y idea ( ,*ri/ f /udy+ any ( ! details report$ conc]n+ him4 ,if ,i dwelt too mu* on ^!1 ,i got a f9ite object2 b ,i ye>n$ = an inf9ite "o3 h5ce my pref]5ce = ,john's my/]i\s ,jesus4 ,?us my ,*ri/ 0 n ! figure accurately pa9t$ 9 ! n>rative1 b "o k9dl$ 9 my imag9ation by ! allusions & 7z x 77 poetry ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,i did n wi% = vivid hi/orical realisation3 relics ,i c\ld nev] h valu$3 pilgrimages to ,j]usalem _h always excit$ 9 me m ( scorn ?an ( sympa?y2--& ,i make no d\bt su* 0 fundam5tally ,paul's#d feel+4 ,on ! contr>y1 x began to appe> to me 7& ,i believe n unju/ly7 t ! ,unit>ian m9d revell$ peculi>ly 9 ,*ri/ aft] ! fle%1 :om ,paul resolv$ n to "k4 ,possibly 9 ?is circum/ance w be f\nd to lie ! /rong & ! weak po9ts ( ! ,unit>ian religi\s "*1 z contra/$ ) t ( ! ,evangelical1 f> m truly ?an 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,i c te/ify t ! ,atonem5t may be dropt out ( ,paul9e religion )\t affect+ its quality2 s may ,*ri/ be spiritualiz$ into ,god1 & id5tifi$ ) ! ,fa!r3 b ,i suspect t a ,paul9e fai? c\ld n1 )\t mu* viol5ce & convulsion1 be *ang$ into dev\t admiration ( a cle>ly drawn hi/orical "*2 z ?\gh any full & unsurpassable embodim5t ( ,god's moral p]fections c\ld be exhibit$ ) ink & p54 ,a review]1 :o has s9ce made 8 "n kn[n1 has po9t$ to ! prec$+ rem>ks1 z indicative ( my defici5cy 9 imag9ation & my t5d5cy to romance4 ,my de> fri5d is und\bt$ly "r 9 ! =m] po9t2 ,i am de/itute ( 7creative7 poetical imag9ation3 & z to ! latt] po9t1 8 insight into "* is s great1 t ,i readily believe him to "k me bett] ?an ,i "k myself1 ,nev]!less1 ,i ?9k he has mi/ak5 ! nature ( ! prec$+ argum5t4 ,i am1 on ! contr>y1 almo/ dispos$ to say1 t ^? h a t5d5cy to romance :o c look at a picture ) m5 fly+ into ! air1 or on an angel ) a brass trumpet1 & dead m5 ris+ out ( _! graves ) good /\t muscles1 & n feel t ! picture sugge/s unbelief4 ,nor d ,i confess to romance 9 my desire ( some?+ m ?an hi/orical & daily human nature 9 ! "* ( ,jesus2 = all ,*ri/5dom1 betwe5 ! dates ,a4,d4 #ajj to ,a4,d4 #ahej1 ) ! exception ( small ecc5tric cot]ies1 has held ,jesus to be ess5tially sup]human4 ,paul & ,john s taught conc]n+ him4 ,to believe _! doctr9e 7,i agree ) my fri5d7 is1 9 "s s5se1 a weakness ( und]/&+2 b x is a weakness to :i* m9ds ( e class h be5 = ages liable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* _h be5 ! progress ( my m9d1 t[>ds ! end ( :at ,i w call my ,?ird ,p]iod4 ,9 x ! au?ority ( ! ,scriptures z to "s details 7:i* at l5g? became highly important7 _h begun to be que/ion$2 ( :i* ,i %all proce$ to speak3 b hi!rto ?is 0 q second>y to ! mom5t\s revolution :i* lay ,calv9ism pro/rate 9 my m9d1 :i* op5$ my he>t to ,unit>ians1 &1 ,i may say1 to unbeliev]s2 :i* enl>g$ all my sympa?ies1 & soon set me to practise free moral ?\ght1 at lea/ z a necessity1 if n z a duty4 ,yet ,i held fa/ an unabat$ rev]5ce = ! moral & spiritual tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & _h n ! mo/ remote conception t any?+ c\ld ev] %att] my belief 9 its great miracles4 ,9 fact1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 ,i _m times ye>n$ to proce$ to ,india1 :i!r my fri5d ,groves _h transf]r$ 8 lab\rs & 8 hopes2 b ,i 0 ?w>t$ by sev]al causes1 & 0 aga9 & aga9 damp$ by ! fe> ( bigotry f new qu>t]s4 ,o!rwise1 ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld succe$ 9 m]g+ z ne$less _m controv]sies4 ,9 all ! work+s ( any m9d ab\t ,tri-unity1 ,inc>nation1 ,atonem5t1 ! ,fall1 ,resurrection1 ,immortality1 ,et]nal ,puni%m5t1 h[ little _h any ( ^! to d ) ! inw>d ex]cises ( my s\l t[>ds ,god6 ,he 0 /ill ! same1 immutably glori\s3 n "o feature ( 8 c\nt5ance _h alt]$ to my gaze1 or c\ld alt]4 ,?is surely 0 ! ,god :om ,*ri/ came to reveal1 & br+ u into fell[%ip )3 ?is is t1 ab\t :i* ,*ri/ians ought to h no controv]sy1 b :i* !y %\ld unit$ly1 concordantly1 !mselves enjoy & exhibit to ! hea!n4 ,b oh1 ,*ri/5dom6 :at do/ ?\ believe & tea*8 ,! hea!n cry out to !e1--,physician1 heal ?yself4 ,footnote #a3 ,i aft]w>ds le>n$ t "s ( ^? g5tlem5 e/eem$ boldness ( ?\ght a lu/ ( ! m9d1 & z su*1 an immorality4 ,?is enables !m to p]suade !mselves t !y d n reject a h]etic = a matt] ( op9ion1 b = t :i* !y h a "r to call immoral4 ,:at immorality 0 imput$ to me1 ,i 0 n di/9ctly in=m$4 ,footnote #b3 ,i really ?\ght x ne$less to quote pro( t b few w be sav$1 ,mat?4 vii4 #ad4 ,i "k !re is a class ( ,*ri/ians :o believe 9 ,univ]sal salvation1 & !re are o!rs :o disbelieve et]nal torm5t4 ,!y mu/ n be angry ) me = refut+ ! doctr9e ( o!r ,*ri/ians1 :i* !y hold to be false4 ,footnote #c3 ,9 ?is 7second7 edition1 ,i h add$ an entire *apt] expressly on ! subject4 ,footnote #d3 ,! same may probably be said ( all ! apo/les1 & _! :ole g5]ation4 ,if !y _h look$ on ! life ( ,jesus ) ! same t5d] & human affection z mod]n ,unit>ians & pi\s ,romani/s d1 ! *ur* w\ld h sw>m$ ) holy coats & o!r relics 9 ! v fir/ age4 ,! "m ( ,jesus & h] little e/abli%m5t w\ld at once h swell$ into importance4 ,?is c]ta9ly 0 n ! case2 :i* may make x d\btful :e!r ! o!r apo/les dwelt at all m on ! human p]sonality1 ( ,jesus ?an ,paul did4 ,/rik+ly diff]5t z ,james is f ,paul1 he is 9 ?is respect p]fectly agre$ ) him4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,,r5\nc$4 ,x has be5 /at$ t ,i _h already begun to disc]n t x 0 impossible ) p]fect hone/y to def5d e tittle conta9$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,mo/ ( ! po9ts :i* give moral (f5ce 9 ! book ( ,g5esis ,i _h be5 us$ to expla9 away by ! doctr9e ( ,progress2 yet e n[ & !n x became h>d to d5y t ,god is repres5t$ z giv+ an actual sanction to t :i* we n[ call s9ful4 ,inde$1 up & d[n ! ,scriptures v num]\s texts are scatt]$1 :i* are notori\s difficulties ) comm5tators4 ,^! ,i _h habitually ov]rul$ "o by "o3 b aga9 ( late1 s9ce ,i _h be5 =c$ to act & talk less & ?9k m1 !y began to encompass me4 ,b ,i 0 = a :ile too full ( o!r inquiries to foll[ up coh]5tly any ( my d\bts or p]ceptions1 until my m9d became at l5g? nail$ d[n to ! def9ite /udy ( "o well-kn[n passage4 ,?is passage may be judg$ ( extremely second>y importance 9 itself1 yet by its remot5ess f all prop]ly spiritual & pr(\nd que/ions1 x seem$ to af=d to me ! safe/ ( argum5ts4 ,! g5ealogy ) :i* ! gospel ( ,mat!w op5s1 ,i _h long kn[n to be a /umbl+-block to div9es1 & ,i _h nev] be5 satisfi$ ) _! explanations4 ,on read+ x afre%1 aft] long int]mission1 & comp>+ x = myself ) ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,i 0 /ruck ) obs]v+ t ! corruption ( ! two names ,ahaziah & ,uzziah into ! same s\nd 7,oziah7 has be5 ! cause ( m]g+ f\r g5]ations into "o2 z ! simil>ity ( ,jehoiakim to ,jehoia*9 also l$ to bl5d+ !m bo? 9 ! "n ,jeconiah4 ,9 consequ5ce1 !re ought to be #ah g5]ations :]e ,mat!w has giv5 z only #ad3 yet we _c call ?is on error ( a transcrib]2 = x is di/9ctly rem>k$1 t ! g5ealogy consi/s ( #ad ?ree times repeat$4 ,?us !re 7 b #ad names ins]t$ by ,mat!w3 yet x ought to h be5 #ah3 & he 0 "u manife/ mi/ake4 ,?is surely belongs to a class ( k1 ( :i* man has cognizance3 x w\ld n be piety1 b grovell+ sup]/ition1 to av[ be=e ,god t ,i di/ru/ my p[]s ( c\nt+1 &1 9 ob$i5ce to ! writt5 ^w1 ,i believe t #ah is #ad & #ad is #ah4 ,?us x is impossible to d5y1 t !re is cognizable error 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,mat!w4 ,consequ5tly1 t gospel is n all dictat$ by ! ,_s ( ,god1 & 7unless we c get rid ( ! fir/ *apt] z no "p ( ! ,bible7 ! doctr9e ( ! v]bal infallibility ( ! :ole ,bible1 or inde$ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is demon/rably false4 ,aft] ,i _h turn$ ! matt] ov] (t51 & _h become accu/om$ to ! ?\ght1 ?is s+le in/ance at l5g? _h great =ce to give boldness to my m9d )9 a v n>r[ range4 ,i ask$ :e!r1 if ! *apt] 7 n[ prov$ to be spuri\s1 t w\ld save ! infallibility ( ! ,bible4 ,! reply 03 n ( ! ,bible z x is2 b only ( ! ,bible :5 cle>$ ( t & ( all o!r spuri\s additions4 ,if by indep5d5t me?ods1 su* z an exam9ation ( manuscripts1 ! spuri\sness ( ! *apt] c\ld n[ be %[n1 ?is w\ld v]ify ! faculty ( criticism :i* has already object$ to its cont5ts3 ?us x w\ld ju/ly urge u to apply simil> criticism to o!r passages4 ,i f>!r rememb]$1 & n[ br\ght toge!r "u a s+le po9t ( view1 o!r und5iable mi/akes4 ,! g5ealogy ( ! nom9al fa!r ( ,jesus 9 ,luke is inconsi/5t ) t 9 ,mat!w1 9 spite ( ! flagrant di%one/y ) :i* div9es seek to d5y ?is2 & nei!r evangeli/ gives ! g5ealogy ( ,m>y1 :i* alone is want$4--,9 ,acts vii4 #af1 ! l& :i* ,jacob b\ght ( ! *ildr5 ( ,hamor1#a is conf\nd$ ) t :i* ,abraham b\ght ( ,ephron ! ,hittite4 ,9 ,acts v4 #cf1 #cg1 ,gamaliel is made to say t ,!udas 0 e>li] 9 "t ?an ,judas ( ,galilee4 ,yet 9 fact1 ,judas ( ,galilee prec$$ ,!udas2 & ! revolt ( ,!udas _h n yet tak5 place :5 ,gamaliel spoke1 s ! error is n ,gamaliel's1 b ,luke's4 ,( bo? ! insurg5ts we h a de> & unimpea*$ hi/orical acc\nt 9 ,josephus4--,! slaught] ( ! infants by ,h]od1 if true1 mu/1 ,i ?\ght1 ne$s h be5 record$ by ! same hi/orian1--,s aga91 9 reg>d to ! allusion made by ,jesus to ,za*>ias1 son ( ,b>a*ias1 z la/ ( ! m>tyrs1 x 0 difficult = me to %ake (f ! suspicion1 t a gross error _h be5 committ$1 & t ! p]son int5d$ is ! ,za*>ias son ( ,b>u*us1 :o1 z we "k f ,josephus1 0 m>tyr$ )9 ! c\rts ( ! temple dur+ ! siege ( ,j]usalem by ,titus1 ab\t #dj ye>s aft] ! crucifixion4 ,! well-kn[n prophet ,ze*>iah 0 inde$ son ( ,b]e*iah2 b he 0 n la/ ( ! m>tyrs1#b if inde$ he 0 m>tyr$ at all4 ,on ! :ole1 ! p]suasion /uck to me1 t words _h be5 put into ! m\? ( ,jesus1 :i* he c\ld n possibly h us$4--,! impossibility ( settl+ ! names ( ! twelve apo/les /ruck me z a notable fact4--,i f>!r rememb]$ ! num]\s difficulties ( h>moniz+ ! f\r gospels2 h[1 :5 a boy at s*ool1 ,i _h tri$ to incorporate all f\r into "o hi/ory1 & ! dismay ) :i* ,i _h f\nd ! insoluble "* ( ! problem1--! endless discrepancies & p]petual unc]ta9ties4 ,^! n[ began to seem to me inh]5t 9 ! mat]ials1 & n to be ascribable to our want ( intellig5ce4 ,i _h also disc]n$ 9 ! op5+ ( ,g5esis ?+s :i* c\ld n be lit]ally receiv$4 ,! geography ( ! riv]s 9 ,p>adise is inexplicable1 ?\gh x assumes ! tone ( explanation4 ,! curse on ! s]p5t1 :o is to g on 8 belly--7h[ else did he g be=e87--& eat du/1 is a caprici\s puni%m5t on a race ( brutes1 "o ( :om ! ,devil *ose to use z 8 in/rum5t4 ,t ! pa9fulness ( *ildbir? is caus$1 n by ,eve's s91 b by artificial habits & a weak5$ n]v\s sy/em1 seems to be prov$ by ! tw(old fact1 t savage wom5 & wild animals suff] b little1 & tame cattle (t5 suff] z mu* z human females4--,ab\t ?is "t also1 ,i _h p]ceiv$ 7:at ,i aft]w>ds le>n$ ! ,g]mans to h m fully inve/igat$7 t ! two diff]5t acc\nts ( ! ,creation are di/+ui%$ by ! appellations giv5 to ! div9e ,creator4 ,i did n see h[ to resi/ ! inf]5ce t ! book is made up ( het]og5e\s docum5ts1 & 0 n put =? by ! direct dictation ( ! ,_s to ,moses4 ,a new /imulus 0 aft] ?is giv5 to my m9d by two %ort conv]sations ) ! late excell5t ,dr4 ,arnold at ,rugby4 ,i _h become aw>e ( ! difficulties enc\nt]$ by physiologi/s 9 believ+ ! :ole human race to h proce$$ 9 ab\t #fjjj ye>s f a s+le ,adam & ,eve2 & t ! longevity 7n miracul\s1 b ord9>y7 attribut$ to ! patri>*s 0 ano!r /umbl+-block4 ,! geological difficulties ( ! ,mosaic cosmogony 7 also at t "t excit+ att5tion4 ,x 0 a novelty to me1 t ,arnold treat$ ^! que/ions z matt]s ( indiff]5ce to religion2 & did n hesitate to say1 t ! acc\nt ( ,noah's deluge 0 evid5tly my?ical1 & ! hi/ory ( ,joseph a beautiful poem4 ,i 0 /agg]$ at ?is4 ,if all 7 n desc5d$ f ,adam1 :at became ( ,/4 ,paul's p>allel betwe5 ! fir/ & second ,adam1 & ! doctr9e ( ,head%ip & ,atonem5t f\nd$ on x8 ,if ! _w 0 n made 9 six days1 h[ c\ld we def5d ! ,f\r? ,comm&m5t z true1 ?\gh said to h be5 writt5 9 /one by ! v f+] ( ,god8 ,if ,noah's deluge 0 a leg5d1 we %\ld at lea/ h to admit t ,pet] did n "k ?is3 :at too w\ld be said ( ,*ri/'s allusion to x8 ,i 0 unable to admit ,dr4 ,arnold's views2 b to see a vigor\s m9d1 deeply imbu$ ) ,*ri/ian dev\tness1 s conv9c$1 bo? reassur$ me t ,i ne$ n fe> moral mis*iefs f free inquiry1 & inde$ laid t inquiry ^u me z a duty4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 0 a new po9t />t$4 ,does ! "q ( ! d]ivation ( ! human race f two p>5ts belong to ?+s cognizable by ! human intellect1 or to ?+s ab\t :i* we mu/ le>n submissively8 ,pla9ly to ! =m]4 ,x w\ld be mon/r\s to d5y t su* inquiries legitimately belong to physiology1 or to proscribe a free /udy ( ?is sci5ce4 ,if s1 !re 0 an priori possibility1 t :at is 9 ! /ricte/ s5se call$ religi\s doctr9e might come into direct collision1 n m]ely ) my ill-tra9$ consci5ce1 b ) legitimate sci5ce2 & t ?is w\ld call on me to ask3 ,:i* ( ! two c]ta9ties is /rong]8 t ! religi\s p>ts ( ! ,scripture are infallible1 or t ! sci5ce is tru/wor?y8 & ,i !n fir/ saw1 t :ile sci5ce _h 7)9 h[ev] limit$ a range ( ?\ght7 demon/ration or sev]e v]ifications1 x 0 impossible to pret5d to any?+ s cog5t 9 fav\r ( ! infallibility ( any or "s "p ( ! ,scriptures2 a doctr9e :i* ,i 0 accu/om$ to believe1 & felt to be a legitimate presumption2 yet "o ( :i* x grew h>d] & h>d] to assign any pro(1 ! m closely ,i analyz$ x4 ,nev]!less1 ,i /ill held x fa/1 & resolv$ n to let x g until ,i 0 =c$4 ,a fre% /ra9 fell on ! ,scriptural infallibility1 9 contemplat+ ! orig9 ( ,dea?4 ,geologi/s assur$ u1 t dea? w5t on 9 ! animal creation _m ages be=e ! exi/5ce ( man4 ,! rocks =m$ ( ! %ells ( animals te/ify t dea? is a ph5om5on ?\s&s ( ?\s& ye>s old3 to ref] ! dea? ( animals to ! s9 ( ,adam & ,eve is evid5tly impossible4 ,yet1 if n1 ! analogies ( ! human to ! brute =m make x sc>cely cr$ible t man's body c ev] h be5 int5d$ = immortality4 ,nay1 :5 we consid] ! conditions ( bir? & gr[? to :i* x is subject1 ! we> & te> ess5tial to life1 ! new g5]ations int5d$ to succe$ & supplant ! old1--s soon z ! "q is propos$ z "o ( physiology1 ! reply is inevitable t dea? is no accid5t introduc$ by ! p]v]se w ( our fir/ p>5ts1 nor any way connect$ ) man's s9fulness2 b is purely a result ( ! conditions ( animal life4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,/4 ,paul re/s mo/ important conclusions on ! fact1 t "o man ,adam by p]sonal s9 br\ght dea? ^u all 8 po/]ity4 ,if ?is 0 a fundam5tal error1 religi\s doctr9e also is %ak54 ,9 v>i\s attempts at compromise1--su* z conc$+ ! ,scriptural fallibility 9 human sci5ce1 b ma9ta9+ its spiritual p]fection1--,i always f\nd ! division impracticable4 ,at la/ x press$ on me1 t if ,i admitt$ morals to re/ on an indep5d5t basis1 x 0 di%one/ to %ut my eyes to any app>5t collisions ( morality ) ! ,scriptures4 ,a v notori\s & decisive in/ance is t ( ,jael4--,sis]a1 :5 beat5 9 battle1 fl$ to ! t5t ( 8 fri5d ,heb]1 & 0 !re w>mly welcom$ by ,jael1 ,heb]'s wife4 ,aft] %e _h refre%$ him ) food1 & lull$ him to sleep1 %e kill$ him by driv+ a nail into 8 temples2 & = ?is de$1 7:i* n[-a-days w\ld be call$ a p]fidi\s murd]17 ! prophetess ,deborah1 9 an inspir$ psalm1 pron\nces ,jael to be bless$ above wom51 & glorifies h] act by an elaborate description ( its atrocity4 ,z soon z ,i felt t ,i 0 b\nd to pass a moral judgm5t on ?is1 ,i saw t z reg>ds ! ,old ,te/am5t ! battle 0 already lo/4 ,_m o!r ?+s1 inde$1 in/antly rose 9 full p[] ^u me1 especially ! comm& to ,abraham to slay 8 son4 ,paul & ,james agree 9 extoll+ ,abraham z ! patt]n ( fai?2 ,james & ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews specify ! sacrifice ( ,isaac z a fir/rate fruit ( fai?3 yet if ! voice ( morality is all[$ to be he>d1 ,abraham 0 79 he>t & int5tion7 n less guilty ?an ^? :o sacrific$ _! *ildr5 to ,mole*4 ,?us at l5g? x appe>$1 t ,i mu/ *oose betwe5 two c\rses4 ,i mu/ ,,ei!r bl9d my moral s5tim5t1 my p[]s ( criticism1 & my sci5tific k1 7su* z !y 717 9 ord] to accept ! ,scripture entire2 ,,or ,i mu/ enc\nt] ! problem1 h[ev] ardu\s1 ( adju/+ ! relative claims ( human k & div9e revelation4 ,z to ! =m] me?od1 to "n x 0 to condemn x2 = x w\ld put e sy/em ( ,paganism on a p> ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,if "o sy/em ( religion may claim t we bl9d our he>ts & eyes 9 its fav\r1 s may ano!r2 & !re is precisely ! same reason = becom+ a ,h9doo 9 religion z a ,*ri/ian4 ,we _c be bo?2 !re=e ! pr9ciple is demon/rably absurd4 ,x is also1 ( c\rse1 morally horrible1 & oppos$ to c\ntless passages ( ! ,scriptures !mselves4 ,nor c ! argum5t be evad$ by talk+ ( ext]nal evid5ces2 = ^! also are confess$ly moral evid5ces1 to be judg$ ( by our moral faculties4 ,nay1 accord+ to all ,*ri/ian advocates1 !y are ,god's te/ ( our moral temp]4 ,to allege1 !re=e1 t our moral faculties are n to judge1 is to annihilate ! evid5ces = ,*ri/ianity4--,?us1 f9ally1 ,i 0 lodg$ 9 ?ree inevitable conclusions3 #a4 ,! moral & intellectual p[]s ( man mu/ be ackn[l$g$ z hav+ a "r & duty to criticize ! cont5ts ( ! ,scripture3 #b4 ,:5 s ex]t$1 !y condemn portions ( ! ,scripture z errone\s & immoral3 #c4 ,! assum$ infallibility ( ! entire ,scripture is a prov$ falsity1 n m]ely z to physiology1 & o!r sci5tific matt]s1 b also z to morals3 & x rema9s = f>!r inquiry h[ to discrim9ate ! tru/wor?y f ! untru/wor?y )9 ! limits ( ! ,bible itself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 di/9ctly consci\s1 aft] long ef=ts to evade x1 t ?is 0 & mu/ h5ce=? be my position1 ,i rum9at$ on ! _m auguries :i* _h be5 made conc]n+ me by fright5$ fri5ds4 ,y w become a ,soc9ian1 _h be5 said ( me ev5 at ,ox=d3 ,y w become an infidel1 _h s9ce be5 add$4 ,my pres5t results1 ,i 0 aw>e1 w\ld seem a sadly triumphant confirmation to ! cle>sight$ in/9ct ( or?odoxy4 ,b ! animus ( su* prophecies _h always made me indignant1 & ,i c\ld n admit t !re 0 any m]it 9 su* cle>sight$ness4 ,:at6 7us$ ,i to say17 w y %r9k f tru?1 le/ x lead to error8 ,if foll[+ tru? mu/ br+ u to ,soc9ianism1 let u by all means become ,soc9ians1 or any?+ else4 ,surely we d n love our doctr9es m ?an ! tru?1 b because !y are ! tru?4 ,are we n exhort$ to prove all ?+s1 & hold fa/ t :i* is good8--,b to my discom=t1 ,i g5]ally f\nd t ?is 7to me s conv9c+7 argum5t = feel+ no al>m1 only caus$ m & m al>m1 & gloomi] om5s conc]n+ me4 ,on consid]+ all ?is 9 leisurely retrospect1 ,i began pa9fully to d\bt1 :e!r aft] all !re is mu* love ( tru? ev5 among ^? :o h an und5iable /r5g? ( religi\s feel+4 ,i que/ion$ ) myself1 :e!r love ( tru? is n a virtue dem&+ a robu/ m5tal cultivation2 :e!r ma!matical or o!r ab/ract /udies may n be practically ne$$ = x4 ,b no3 = h[ !n c\ld x exi/ 9 "s fem99e natures8 h[ 9 rude & unphilosophical times8 ,on ! :ole1 ,i r conclud$1 t !re is 9 ne>ly all ,engli% education a positive repress+ ( a "y p]son's tru?fulness2 = ,i c\ld di/9ctly see1 t 9 my own case !re 0 always ne$ ( defy+ au?ority & public op9ion1--n to speak ( m s]i\s sacrifices1--if ,i 0 to foll[ tru?4 ,all society seem$ s to hate novelties ( ?\ght1 z to pref] ! *ances ( error 9 ! old4--,( c\rse6 :y1 h[ c\ld x be o!rwise1 :ile ,te/ ,articles 7 ma9ta9$8 ,yet surely if ,god is tru?1 none s9c]ely aspire to him1 :o dread to lose _! pres5t op9ions 9 ex*ange = o!rs tru]4--,i _h n !n read a s5t5ce ( ,col]idge1 :i* is to ?is effect3 ,if any "o beg9s by lov+ ,*ri/ianity m ?an ! tru?1 he w proce$ to love 8 ,*ur* m ?an ,*ri/ianity1 & w end by lov+ 8 own op9ions bett] ?an ei!r4 ,a dim conception ( ?is 0 9 my m9d2 & ,i saw t ! g5u9e love ( ,god 0 ess5tially connect$ ) lov+ tru? z tru?1 & n tru? z our own accu/om$ ?\ght1 tru? z our old prejudice2 & t ! real sa9t c nev] be afraid to let ,god tea* him "o lesson m1 or untea* him "o m error4 ,!n ,i rejoic$ to feel h[ "r & s\nd _h be5 our pr9ciple1 t no cre$ c possibly be us$ z ! t\*/one ( spirituality3 = man morally excels man1 z f> z cre$s are conc]n$1 n by ass5t+ to true propositions1 b by lov+ !m because !y are disc]n$ to be true1 & by possess+ a faculty ( disc]nm5t %>p5$ by ! love ( tru?4 ,su* are ,god's true apo/les1 diff]+ enorm\sly 9 atta9m5t & elevation1 b all born to asc5d4 ,= ^! to qu>rel betwe5 !mselves because !y d n agree 9 op9ions1 is mon/r\s4 ,s5tim5t1 surely1 n op9ion1 is ! bond ( ! ,_s2 & z ! love ( ,god1 s ! love ( tru? is a high & sacr$ s5tim5t1 9 comp>ison to :i* our cre$s are mean4 ,well1 ,i _h be5 misjudg$2 ,i _h be5 absurdly measur$ by o!r m5's cre$3 b might ,i n h simil>ly misjudg$ o!rs1 s9ce ,i _h f e>ly y\? be5 "u simil> influ5ces8 ,h[ _m ( my s5iors at ,ox=d ,i _h virtually despis$ because !y 7 n evangelical6 ,_h ,i _h opportunity ( te/+ _! spirituality8 or _h ,i ! faculty ( s do+8 ,_h ,i n really condemn$ !m z unspiritual1 b>ely because ( _! cre$8 ,on try+ to reproduce ! pa/ to my imag9ation1 ,i c\ld n condemn myself q z sweep+ly z ,i wi%$2 b my he>t smote me on acc\nt ( "o4 ,i _h a bro!r1 ) ^: "n all ,engl& 0 res\nd+ = praise or blame3 f 8 sympa?ies1 ?r\gh pure hatr$ ( ,pop]y1 ,i _h long s9ce turn$ away4 ,:at 0 ?is b to judge him by 8 cre$8 ,true1 8 :ole !ory 0 no?+ b ,romanism transf]r$ to ,engl&3 b :at !n8 ,i _h /udi$ ) ! deepe/ int]e/ ,mrs4 ,s*immelp5n9ck's acc\nt ( ! ,portroyali/s1 & ?\gh ,i 0 aw>e t %e exhibits only ! bright side ( h] subject1 yet ! absolute excell5cies ( h] nuns & prie/s %[$ t ,romanism z su* 0 n fatal to spirituality4 ,!y 7 p]secut$3 ?is did !m good p]haps1 or c]ta9ly exhibit$ _! brightness4 ,s too my bro!r surely 0 /ruggl+ aft] tru?1 fight+ = fre$om to 8 own he>t & m9d1 aga9/ *ur* articles & /agnancy ( ?\ght4 ,= ?is he des]v$ bo? sympa?y & love3 b ,i1 alas6 _h n kn[n & se5 8 excell5ce4 ,b n[ ,god _h taught me m l>g5ess by bitt] sorr[ work+ ! peaceable fruit ( righte\sness2 at la/ !n ,i might admire my bro!r4 ,i !re=e wrote to him a lett] ( contrition4 ,"s *ange1 ei!r 9 8 m9d or 9 8 view ( my position1 _h tak5 place2 & ,i 0 happy to f9d him once m able1 n only to feel frat]nally1 z he _h always done1 b to act also frat]nally4 ,nev]!less1 to ?is day x is to me a pa9fully unsolv$ my/]y1 h[ a m9d c claim its fre$om 9 ord] to e/abli% bondage4 ,= ! peculi>ities ( ,romanism ,i feel no?+1 & ,i c pret5d no?+1 b contempt1 hatr$1 disgu/1 or horror4 ,b ?is sy/em ( falsehood1 fraud1 unscrupul\s & unrel5t+ ambition1 w nev] be de/roy$1 :ile ,prote/ants keep up _! insane ana!mas aga9/ op9ion4 ,^! are ! outworks ( ! ,romi% citadel3 until !y are raz$ to ! gr\nd1 ! citadel w defy attack4 ,if we are to bl9d our eyes1 9 ord] to accept an article ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vi41 or an argum5t ( ,/4 ,paul's1 :y n bl9d !m s f> z to accept ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t8 ,if we are to pron\nce t a man )\t d\bt %all p]i% ev]la/+ly1 unless he believes ! self-contradictions ( ! pseudo-,a?anasian ,cre$1 :y %\ld we %r9k f a simil> ana!ma on ^? :o reject ! self-contradictions ( ,transsub/antiation8 ,if "o man is ca/ out ( ,god's fav\r = elicit+ error :ile e>ne/ly se>*+ aft] tru?1 & ano!r rema9s 9 fav\r by passively receiv+ ! ^w ( a ,*ur*1 ( a ,prie/1 or ( an ,apo/le1 !n to se>* = tru? is dang]\s2 apa?y is saf]2 !n ! s\l does n come directly into contact ) ,god & le>n ( him1 b has to le>n f1 & unconv9c$ly submit to1 "s ext]nal au?ority4 ,?is is ! g]m ( ,romanism3 its legitimate developm5t makes u ,pagans outright4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b 9 :at position 0 ,i n[1 t[>ds ! apo/les8 ,c\ld ,i admit _! inspiration1 :5 ,i no long] ?\ght !m infallible8 ,und\bt$ly4 ,:at c\ld be cle>] on e hypo!sis1 ?an t !y 7 inspir$ on & aft] ! day ( ,p5teco/1 & yet rema9$ ignorant & liable to mi/ake ab\t ! relation ( ! ,g5tiles to ! ,jews8 ,! mod]ns h introduc$ into ! idea ( inspiration t ( infallibility1 to :i* ei!r omnisci5ce or dictation is ess5tial4 ,t !re 0 no dictation1 7said ,i17 is prov$ by ! v>iety ( /yle 9 ! ,scriptural writ]s2 t !y 7 n omnisci5t1 is manife/4 ,9 tru?1 if human m9ds _h n be5 left to !m1 h[ c\ld !y h argu$ p]suasively8 0 n ! sup]ior success ( _! prea*+ to t ( ,*ri/1 p]haps due to _! %>+ 9 ! prejudices ( _! contempor>ies8 ,an orator is mo/ p]suasive1 :5 he is lift$ above 8 he>]s on ^? po9ts only on :i* he is to re=m _! notions4 ,! apo/les 7 n omnisci5t3 grant$3 b x _c h5ce be inf]r$ t !y did n "k ! message giv5 !m by ,god4 ,_! k h[ev] p]fect1 mu/ yet 9 a human m9d h coexi/$ ) ignorance2 & no?+ 7argu$ ,i7 b a p]petual miracle c\ld prev5t ignorance f n[ & !n exhibit+ itself 9 "s error4 ,b h5ce to inf] t !y are n inspir$1 & are n mess5g]s f ,god1 is q gratuit\s4 ,:o inde$ imag9es t ,john or ,paul und]/ood a/ronomy s well z ,sir ,william ,h]s*el8 ,^? :o believe t ! apo/les might err 9 human sci5ce1 ne$ n ! less rev]e _! moral & spiritual wisdom4 ,at ! same "t x became a matt] ( duty to me1 if possible1 to discrim9ate ! au?oritative f ! unau?oritative 9 ! ,scripture1 or at any rate avoid to accept & propagate z true t :i* is false1 ev5 if x be false only z sci5ce & n z religion4 ,i unaw>es1--m p]haps f old habit ?an f di/9ct conviction1--/>t$ f ! assumption t my fix$ po9t ( k 0 to be f\nd 9 ! s5sible or sci5tific1 n 9 ! moral4 ,i /ill reta9$ f my old ,calv9i/ic doctr9e a way ( proce$+1 z if purely moral judgm5t 7 my weak side1 at lea/ 9 criticiz+ ! ,scripture3 s t ,i pref]r$ nev] to appeal to direct moral & spiritual consid]ations1 except 9 ! mo/ gl>+ly necess>y cases4 ,?us1 :ile ,i c\ld n accept ! panegyric on ,jael1 & on ,abraham's int5d$ sacrifice ( 8 son1 ,i did n v5ture unc]emoni\sly to c5sure ! extirpation ( ! ,canaanites by ,jo%ua3 ( :i* ,i b>ely said to myself1 t x c]ta9ly ne$$ v /rong pro( ( ! div9e comm& to ju/ify x4 ,i /ill w5t s f> 9 timidity z to hesitate to reject on int]nal evid5ce ! acc\nt ( h]oes or giants begott5 by angels1 :o1 entic$ by ! love ( wom51 left heav5 = e>?4 ,! n>rative 9 ,g54 vi4 _h long appe>$ to me und\bt$ly to be> ?is s5se2 & to h be5 s und]/ood by ,jude & ,pet] 7#b ,pet4 ii471 z1 ,i believe1 x also 0 by ! ,jews & e>ly ,fa!rs4 ,i did at l5g? set x aside z incr$ible2 n h[ev] f moral repugnance to x1 7= ,i fe>$ to tru/ ! s\ndness ( my in/9ct17 b because ,i _h slid into a new rule ( int]pretation1--t ,i mu/ n obtrude miracles on ! ,scripture n>rative4 ,! writ]s tell _! /ory )\t %[+ any consci\sness t x involves physiological difficulties4 ,to inv5t a miracle 9 ord] to def5d ?is1 began to seem to me unw>rantable4 ,x _h become notori\s to ! public1 t ,geologi/s reject$ ! idea ( a univ]sal deluge z physically impossible4 ,:5ce c\ld ! wat] come1 to cov] ! highe/ m\nta9s8 ,two replies 7 attempt$3 #a4 ,! flood ( ,noah is n describ$ z univ]sal3 #b4 ,! flood 0 inde$ univ]sal1 b ! wat] 0 add$ & remov$ by miracle4--,nei!r reply h[ev] seem$ to me valid4 ,fir/1 ! language respect+ ! univ]sality ( ! flood is z /rong z any t c\ld be writt53 moreov] x is /at$ t ! tops ( ! high hills 7 all cov]$1 & aft] ! wat] subsides1 ! ark settles on ! m\nta9s ( ,arm5ia4 ,n[ 9 ,arm5ia1 ( necessity num]\s peaks w\ld be se51 unless ! wat] cov]$ !m1 & especially ,ar>at4 ,b a flood t cov]$ ,ar>at w\ld ov]spread all ! cont95ts1 & leave only a few summits above4 ,if !n ! acc\nt 9 ,g5esis is to be receiv$1 ! flood 0 univ]sal4 ,secondly3 ! n>rator repres5ts ! surplus wat] to h come f ! cl\ds & p]haps f ! sea1 & aga9 to dra9 back into ! sea4 ,( a miracul\s creation & de/ruction ( wat]1 he evid5tly does n dream4 ,o!r impossibilities came =w>d3 ! insuffici5t dim5sions ( ! ark to take 9 all ! creatures2 ! unsuitability ( ! same climate to arctic & tropical animals = a full ye>2 ! impossibility ( fe$+ !m & avoid+ pe/il5ce2 & especially1 ! total disagreem5t ( ! mod]n facts ( ! disp]sion ( animals1 ) ! idea t !y spread anew f ,arm5ia z _! c5tre4 ,we h no "r to call 9 a s]ies ( miracles to solve difficulties1 ( :i* ! writ] 0 unconsci\s4 ,! ark itself 0 expressly devis$ to economize miracle1 by mak+ a fre% creation ( animals ne$less4 ,diff]5t 9 k9d 0 ! objection :i* ,i felt to ! /ory1 :i* is told twice conc]n+ ,abraham & once conc]n+ ,isaac1 ( pass+ (f a wife z a si/]4 ,all[+ t su* a ?+ 0 b>ely n impossible1 ! improbability 0 s int5se1 z to dem& ! /ricte/ & mo/ cog5t pro(3 yet :5 we ask$1 ,:o te/ifies x8 no pro( appe>$ t x 0 ,moses2 or1 suppos+ x to be he1 :at 8 s\rces ( k 74 ,& ?is l$ to ! f> wid] rem>k1 t n[h]e 9 ! book ( ,g5esis is !re a l9e to indicate :o is ! writ]1 or a s5t5ce to imply t ! writ] believes himself to write by special in=mation f ,god4 ,inde$1 x is well kn[n t 7 are num]\s small phrases :i* d5ote a lat] h& ?an t ( ,moses4 ,! k+s ( ,israel are once allud$ to hi/orically1 ,g54 xxxvi4 #ca4 ,:y !n 0 any?+ improbable to be believ$ on ! writ]'s ^w8 z1 = in/ance1 ! /ory ( ,babel & ! confusion ( tongues8 ,"o reply only seem$ possible2 namely1 t we believe ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ob$i5ce to ! au?ority ( ! ,new3 & ?is ?rew me aga9 to consid] ! ref]5ces to ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b "h1 ! difficulties soon became manife/ly m & m =midable4 ,9 op5+ ,mat!w1 we meet ) quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t appli$ 9 ! mo/ />tl+ way4 ,fir/ is ! prophecy ab\t ! *ild ,immanuel2 :i* 9 ,isaiah no unbiass$ int]pret] w\ld h dream$ c\ld apply to ,jesus4 ,next2 ! words ( ,hosea1 ,out ( ,egypt h ,i call$ my son1 :i* d b record ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 are imag9$ by ,mat!w to be prophetic ( ! return ( ,jesus f ,egypt4 ,?is in/ance mov$ me mu*2 because ,i ?\ght1 t if ! text 7 spiritualiz$1 s z to make ,israel mean ,jesus1 ,egypt also ought to be spiritualiz$ & mean ! _w1 n reta9 its geographical s5se1 :i* seem$ to be c>nal & absurd 9 su* a connection3 = ,egypt is no m to ,messiah ?an ,syria or ,greece4--,"o ( ! mo/ decisive te/imonies to ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* ! ,new conta9s1 is 9 ,john x41 #ce1 :]e ,i h>dly knew h[ to all[ myself to *>act]ize ! reason+4 ,! case /&s ?us4 ,! #hbnd ,psalm rebukes unju/ gov]nors2 & at l5g? says to !m3 ,i h said1 ,ye are gods1 & all ( y are *ildr5 ( ! mo/ high3 b ye %all die l m51 & fall l "o ( ! pr9ces4 ,9 o!r words3--?\gh we are apt to ?9k ( rul]s z if !y 7 sup]human1 yet !y %all meet ! lot ( common m54 ,well3 h[ is ?is appli$ 9 ,john8--,jesus has be5 accus$ ( blasphemy1 = say+ t ,he & 8 ,fa!r are "o2 & 9 reply1 he quotes ! v]se1 ,i h said1 ,ye are gods1 z 8 suffici5t ju/ification = call+ himself ,son ( ,god2 = ! ,scripture _c be brok54 ,i dread$ to precipitate myself into %ock+ unbelief1 if ,i foll[$ out ! ?\ghts t ?is sugge/$2 & 7,i "k n h[7 = a long "t yet put x (f4 ,! quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,/4 ,paul _h always be5 a my/]y to me4 ,! m ,i n[ exam9$ !m1 ! cle>] x appe>$ t !y 7 bas$ on unt5able ,rabb9ical pr9ciples4 ,nor are ^? 9 ! ,acts & 9 ! ,gospels any bett]4 ,if we take free leave to canvass !m1 x may appe> t n "o quotation 9 t5 is s5sible & appropriate4 ,& %all we !n accept ! decision ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s z f9al1 conc]n+ ! value & cr$ibility ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :5 x is s manife/ t !y mo/ imp]fectly und]/ood t book8 ,9 fact ! appeal to !m prov$ too mu*4 ,= ,jude quotes ! book ( ,eno* z an inspir$ prophecy1 & yet1 s9ce ,ar*bi%op ,laur5ce has translat$ x f ! ,e?iopian1 we "k t book to be a fable undes]v+ ( reg>d1 & und\bt$ly n writt5 by ,eno*1 ! sev5? f ,adam4 ,besides1 x does n appe> t any peculi> div9e revelation taught !m t ! ,old ,te/am5t is p]fect tru?4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 !y only reproduce ! ideas on t subject curr5t 9 _! age4 ,s f> z ,paul deviates f ! common ,jewi% view1 x is 9 ! direction ( disp>ag+ ! ,law z ess5tially imp]fect4 ,may x n seem t 8 rema9+ atta*m5t to x 0 /ill exagg]at$ by old s5tim5t & patriotism8 ,i f>!r f\nd t n only d ! ,evangeli/s give u no h9t t !y ?\ght !mselves div9ely inspir$1 or t !y _h any o!r ?an human s\rces ( k1 b ,luke mo/ explicitly %[s ! contr>y4 ,he op5s by /at+ to ,!ophilus1 t s9ce _m p]sons h committ$ to writ+ ! ?+s h&$ d[n f eye-witnesses1 x seem$ good to him also to d ! same1 s9ce he _h accurately att5d$ to e ?+ f its s\rces 7,greek3 ano!n74 ,he c\ld n possibly h writt5 ?us1 if he _h be5 consci\s ( sup]human aids4 ,h[ absurd !n ( u1 to pret5d t we "k m ?an ,luke knew ( 8 own inspiration6 ,9 tru?1 ! argum5ts ( !ologians to prove ! inspiration 7i4e4 infallibility7 ( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke1 are sometimes almo/ ludicr\s4 ,my lam5t$ fri5d1 ,john ,/]l+1 has ?us summ$ up ,dr4 ,h5d]son's argum5ts ab\t ,m>k4 ,m>k 0 probably inspir$1 because he 0 an acqua9tance ( ,pet]2 & because ,dr4 ,h5d]son w\ld be revil$ by o!r ,diss5t]s1 if he d\bt$ x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ab\t ?is "t1 ! great ph5om5on ( ^! gospels1--! ca/+ out ( devils1--press$ =cibly on my att5tion4 ,i n[ d>$ to look full into ! facts1 & saw t ! disord]s describ$ 7 p]fectly simil> to epilepsy1 mania1 catalepsy1 & o!r kn[n maladies4 ,nay1 ! deaf1 ! dumb1 ! hun*back$1 are spok5 ( z devil-ridd54 ,i f>!r knew t su* diseases are /ill ascrib$ to evil g5ii 9 ,mussulman c\ntries3 ev5 a vici\s horse is believ$ by ! ,arabs to be majnun1 possess$ by a ,j9 or ,g5ie4 ,devils also are ca/ out 9 ,abyss9ia to ?is day4 ,hav+ fall5 9 ) ,f>m]'s treatise on ! ,demoniacs1 ,i c>efully /udi$ x2 & f\nd x to prove unansw]ably1 t a belief 9 demoniacal possession is a sup]/ition n m respectable ?an t ( wit*craft4 ,b ,f>m] did n at all conv9ce me1 t ! ?ree ,evangeli/s d n %>e ! vulg> error4 ,inde$1 ! in/ant we believe t ! imag9$ possessions 7 only v>i\s =ms ( disease1 we are =c$ to draw conclusions ( ! utmo/ mom5t1 mo/ damag+ to ! cr$it ( ! n>rators4#c ,cle>ly1 !y are !n convict$ ( mis/at+ facts1 "u ! influ5ce ( sup]/iti\s cr$ulity4 ,!y repres5t demoniacs z hav+ a sup]natural acqua9tance ) ,jesus1 :i*1 x n[ becomes manife/1 !y _c h _h4 ,! devils ca/ out ( two demoniacs 7or "o7 are said to h ent]$ into a h]d ( sw9e4 ,?is mu/ h be5 a cr$ul\s fiction4 ,inde$1 ! ca/+ out ( devils is s v prom95t a "p ( ! miracul\s ag5cy ascrib$ to ,jesus1 z at fir/ sight to impair our fai? 9 8 miracles altoge!r4 ,i h[ev] took refuge 9 ! consid]ation1 t :5 ,jesus wr\ght "o great miracle1 popul> cr$ulity w\ld inevitably magnify x into t52 h5ce ! discov]y ( fooli% exagg]ations is no dispro( ( a real miracul\s ag5cy3 nay1 p]haps ! contr>y4 ,are !y n a sort ( false halo r\nd a disc ( glory1--a halo s cong5ial to human nature1 t ! abs5ce ( x might be ev5 wield$ z an objection8 ,moreov]1 ,john tells ( no demoniacs3 does n ?is %[ 8 fre$om f popul> excitem5t8 ,obs]ve ! great miracles n>rat$ by ,john1--! bl9d man1--& ,laz>us--h[ diff]5t 9 k9d f ^? on demoniacs6 h[ incapable ( hav+ be5 mi/ak56 h[ conv9c+6 ,8 /atem5ts _c be expla9$ away3 _! :ole tone1 moreov]1 is peculi>4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ?ree fir/ gospels conta9 mu* t 7aft] we see ! writ]s to be cr$ul\s7 mu/ be judg$ leg5d>y4 ,! two fir/ *apt]s ( ,mat!w ab\nd 9 dreams4 ,dreams8 ,0 inde$ ! immaculate conception m]ely told to ,joseph 9 a dream8 a dream :i* n he only 0 to believe1 b we also1 :5 report$ to u by a p]son :olly unkn[n1 :o wrote #gj or #hj ye>s aft] ! fact1 & gives u no clue to 8 s\rces ( in=mation6 ,%all ,i reply t he receiv$ 8 in=mation by miracle8 ,b :y m ?an ,luke8 & ,luke evid5tly 0 consci\s only ( human in=mation4 ,besides1 inspiration has n sav$ ,mat!w f error ab\t demons2 & :y !n ab\t ,joseph's dream & its highly important cont5ts8 ,9 =m] days1 ,i _h nev] d>$ to let my ?\ghts dwell inquisitively on ! />1 :i* ! wise m5 saw 9 ! ,ea/1 & :i* accompani$ !m1 & po9t$ out ! h\se :]e ! "y *ild 04 ,i n[ ?\ght ( x1 only to see t x 0 a leg5d fit = cr$ul\s ages2 & t x mu/ be reject$ 9 common ) ,h]od's massacre ( ! *ildr51--an atrocity unkn[n to ,josephus4 ,h[ difficult x 0 to reconcile ! flight into ,egypt ) ! n>rative ( ,luke1 ,i _h kn[n f e>ly days3 ,i n[ saw t x 0 wa/e "t to try to reconcile !m4 ,b p]haps ,i might say3--,t ! writ]s %\ld make errors ab\t ! infancy ( ,jesus 0 natural2 !y 7 di/ant f ! "t3 b t w n ju/ly impair ! cr$it ( ev5ts1 to :i* !y may possibly h be5 contempor>ies or ev5 eye-witnesses4--,h[ !n w\ld ?is apply to ! ,temptation1 at :i* c]ta9ly none ( !m 7 pres5t8 ,is x accid5t1 t ! same ?ree1 :o ab\nd 9 ! demoniacs1 tell also ! sc5e ( ! ,devil & ,jesuit on a p9nacle ( ! temple2 :ile ! same ,john :o omits ! demoniacs1 omits also ?is s+ul> /ory8 ,x be+ grant$ t ! writ]s are else:]e mi/ak51 to criticize ! tale 0 to reject x4 ,9 ne> connexion ) ?is foll[$ ! discov]y1 t _m o!r miracles ( ! ,bible are :olly defici5t 9 t moral dignity1 :i* is suppos$ to place s great a *asm betwe5 !m & ecclesia/ical writ+s4 ,:y %\ld ,i look ) m respect on ! napk9s tak5 f ,paul's body 7,acts xix4 #ab71 ?an on pocket-h&k]*iefs dipp$ 9 ! blood ( m>tyrs8 ,h[ c\ld ,i believe1 on ?is same writ]'s he>say1 t ! ,_s ( ! ,"l caught away ,philip 7viii4 #ci71 transport+ him ?r\gh ! air2 z ori5tal g5ii are suppos$ to d8 ,or :at moral dignity 0 !re 9 ! curse on ! b>r5 fig-tree1--ab\t :i*1 moreov]1 we are s p]plex+ly told1 t x 0 n ! "t = figs8 ,:at 0 to be said ( a cure1 wr\ght by t\*+ ! hem ( ,jesus' g>m5t1 :i* drew physical virtue f him )\t 8 w8 ,& h[ c\ld ,i di/+ui% ! g5ius ( ! miracle ( tribute-money 9 ! fi%'s m\?1 f ^? ( ! apocryphal gospels8 ,:at 0 ,i to say ( useless miracles1 l t ( ,pet] & ,jesus walk+ on ! wat]1--or t ( _m sa9ts com+ out ( ! graves to %[ !mselves1 or ( a poetical sympa?y ( ! elem5ts1 su* z ! e>?quake & r5d+ ( ! temple-veil :5 ,jesus di$8 ,altoge!r1 ,i began to feel t ,*ri/ian advocates commit ! flagrant sophism ( treat+ e objection z an isolat$ cavil1 & ov]rule ea* z obvi\sly insuffici5t1 ) ! same confid5ce z if x 7 ! only "o4 ,yet1 9 fact1 ! objections collectively are v p[]ful1 & _c be set aside by sup]cili\s airs & by call+ unbeliev]s sup]ficial1 any m ?an by h>% d5unciations4 ,pursu+ ! same ?\ght to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,i disc]n$ !re also no small spr9kl+ ( grotesque or unmoral miracles4 ,a dead man is rais$ to life1 :5 8 body by accid5t t\*es ! bones ( ,eli%a3 z ?\gh ,eli%a _h be5 a ,romi% sa9t1 & 8 bones a sacr$ relic4 ,uzzah1 :5 ! ark is 9 dang] ( fall+1 puts out 8 h& to save x1 & is /ruck dead = 8 impiety6 ,0 ?is ! judgm5t ( ! ,fa!r ( m]cies & ,god ( all com=t8 ,:at 0 ,i to make ( ,god's ang] ) ,abimele* 7,g54 xx471 ^: sole (f5ce 01 ! hav+ believ$ ,abraham's lie8 = :i* a miracul\s b>r5ness 0 s5t on all ! females ( ,abimele*'s tribe1 & 0 b\ght (f only by spl5did pres5ts to ! fav\r$ deceiv]4--,or 0 x at all cr$ible t ! ly+ & fraudul5t ,jacob %\ld h be5 s specially lov$ by ,god1 m ?an ! rude animal ,esau8--,or c\ld ,i any long] ov]look ! gross imag9ation ( antiquity1 :i* made ,abraham & ,jehovah d9e on ! same c>nal food1 l ,tantalus ) ! gods2--:i* f$ ,elijah by rav5s1 & set angels to bake cakes = him8 ,su* is a specim5 ( ! flood ( difficulties :i* p\r$ 91 ?r\gh ! great brea* :i* ! demoniacs _h made 9 ! cr$it ( ,biblical m>vels4 ,:ile ,i 0 9 ?is /age ( progress1 ,i _h a second "t ! advantage ( meet+ ,dr4 ,arnold1 & _h satisfaction 9 f9d+ t he re/$ ! ma9 /r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity on ! gospel ( ,john4 ,! great simil>ity ( ! o!r ?ree seem$ to him en\gh to m>k t !y fl[$ f s\rces v simil>1 & t ! fir/ gospel _h no pret5sions to be reg>d$ z ! actual writ+ ( ,mat!w4 ,?is inde$ _h be5 = "s "t cle> to me1 ?\gh ,i n[ c>$ little ab\t ! au?or's "n1 :5 he 0 prov$ to be cr$ul\s4--,arnold reg>d$ ,john's gospel z ab\nd+ ) small] t\*es :i* m>k$ ! eye-witness1 &1 altoge!r1 to be ! vivid & simple picture ( a div9e reality1 unde=m$ by cr$ul\s leg5d4 ,9 ?is view ,i 0 gratifi$ to repose1 9 spite ( a few p>tial misgiv+s1 & return$ to inve/igations conc]n+ ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,= "s "t back ,i _h paid special att5tion to ! book ( ,g5esis2 & ,i _h got aid 9 ! analysis ( x f a ,g]man volume4 ,t x 0 bas$ on at lea/ two diff]5t docum5ts1 te*nically call$ ! ,elohi/ic & ,jehovi/ic1 soon became cle> to me3 & an or?odox fri5d :o ackn[l$g$ ! fact1 reg>d$ x z a high recomm5dation ( ! book1 t x 0 consci5ti\sly made out ( pre-exi/+ mat]ials1 & 0 n a fancy t came f ! bra9 ( ,moses4 ,my good fri5d's argum5t 0 n a happy "o3 no writt5 record c\ld exi/ ( ?+s & times :i* prec$$ ! inv5tion ( writ+4 ,aft] analys+ ?is book ) great m9ut5ess1 ,i n[ proce$$ to ,exodus & ,numb]s2 & 0 soon assur$1 t ^! _h n1 any m ?an ,g5esis1 come =? f "o primitive witness ( ! facts4 ,9 all ^! books is f\nd ! /rik+ ph5om5on ( duplicate or ev5 triplicate n>ratives4 ,! creation ( man is ?ree times told4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ,flood is made up out ( two discrepant orig9als1 m>k$ by ! names ,elohim & ,jehovah2 ( :i* "o makes ,noah take into ! ark sev5 pairs ( clean1 & s+le 7or d\ble87 pairs ( unclean1 bea/s2 :ile ! o!r gives him two & two ( all k9ds1 )\t di/+ui%+ ! clean4 ,! two docum5ts may inde$ 9 ?is n>rative be almo/ re-discov]$ by me*anical sep>ation4 ,! triple /atem5t ( ,abraham & ,isaac pass+ (f a wife = a si/] 0 next 9 int]e/2 & "h also ! two :i* conc]n ,abraham are contra/$ z ,jehovi/ic & ,elohi/ic4 ,a simil> d\ble acc\nt is giv5 ( ! orig9 ( circumcision1 ( ! names ,isaac1 ,israel1 ,be!l1 ,be]%eba4 ,/ill m 0 ,i /ruck by ! positive decl>ation 9 ,exodus 7vi4 #c7 t ,god 0 ,,n kn[n to ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob by ! "n ,jehovah2 :ile ! book ( ,g5esis ab\nds ) ! contr>y fact4 ,?is alone conv9c$ me beyond all dispute1 t ^! books did n come f "o & ! same h&1 b are conglom]ates =m$ out ( old] mat]ials1 un>ti/ically & me*anically jo9$4 ,inde$ a full] exam9ation %[$ 9 ,exodus & ,numb]s a tw(old miracle ( ! quails1 ( :i* ! latt] is s told z to indicate entire unacqua9tance ) ! =m]4 ,!re is a d\ble description ( ! manna1 a ne$less second appo9tm5t ( ,eld]s ( ! congregation3 wat] is twice br\ght out ( ! rock by ! rod ( ,moses1 ^: fai? is p]fect ! fir/ "t & fails ! second "t4 ,! "n ( ,m]ibah is twice be/[$4 ,!re is a d\ble promise ( a gu>dian angel1 a d\ble consecration ( ,a>on & 8 sons3 inde$1 ,i seem$ to f9d a d\ble or ev5 ?reefold#d copy ( ! ,decalogue4 ,compris+ ,deut]onomy )9 my view1 ,i met two utt]ly incompatible acc\nts ( ,a>on's dea?2 = ,deut]onomy makes him die be=e rea*+ ,m]ibah ,kade%1 :]e1 accord+ to ,numb]s1 he s9n$ & incurr$ ! p5alty ( dea? 7,num4 xx4 #bd1 ,deut x4 #f3 cf ,num4 xxxiii4 #ca1 #ch74 ,t !re 0 error on a great scale 9 all ?is1 0 und5iable2 & ,i began to see at lea/ "o s\rce ( ! error4 ,! celebrat$ miracle ( ! sun /&+ /ill has long be5 felt z too viol5t a d]angem5t ( ! :ole globe to be us$ by ! mo/ ,high z a means ( discomfit+ an army3 & ,i _h acquiesc$ 9 ! idea t ! miracle 0 ocul> only4 ,b 9 read+ ! passage1 7,jo%4 x4 #ab-ad17 ,i = ! fir/ "t obs]v$ t ! n>rative re/s on ! au?ority ( a poetical book :i* be>s ! "n ( ,ja%]4#e ,he :o compos$--,sun1 /& ?\ /ill ^u ,gibeon2 & ?\1 ,moon1 9 ! valley ( ,ajalon6--l o!r poets1 call$ on ! ,sun & ,moon to /& & look on ,jo%ua's de$s2 b he c\ld n anticipate t 8 words w\ld be h>d5$ into fact by a prosaic int]pret]1 & appeal$ to 9 pro( ( a /up5d\s miracle4 ,! comm5tator c\ld n tell :at ! ,moon _h to d ) x2 yet he has quot$ hone/ly4--,?is pres5tly l$ me to obs]ve o!r m>ks t ! n>rative has be5 made up1 at lea/ 9 "p1 out ( old poetry4 ,( ^! ! mo/ important are 9 ,exodus xv4 & ,num4 xxi41 9 ! latt] ( :i* ?ree diff]5t poetical fragm5ts are quot$1 & "o ( !m is expressly said to be f ! book ( ! w>s ( ,jehovah1 app>5tly a poem descriptive ( ! conque/ ( ,canaan by ! ,israelites4 ,z = ,exodus xv4 x appe>$ to me 79 t /age1 & aft] s abundant pro( ( error17 almo/ c]ta9 t ,moses' song is ! primitive au?ority1 out ( :i* ! prose n>rative ( ! passage ( ! ,r$ ,sea has be5 work$ up4 ,especially s9ce1 aft] ! song1 ! writ] adds3 v4 #ai4 ,= ! horse ( ,ph>aoh w5t 9 ) 8 *>iots & ) 8 horsem5 into ! sea1 & ! ,"l br\ght aga9 ! wat]s ( ! sea ^u !m3 b ! *ildr5 ( ,israel w5t on dry l& 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,?is comm5t sc>cely c\ld h be5 add$1 if ! detail$ acc\nt ( *4 xiv4 _h be5 writt5 previ\sly4 ,! song ( ,moses implies no miracle at all3 x is m]ely high poetry4 ,a lat] prosaic age took ! hyp]bolic phrases ( v4 #h lit]ally1 & s g5]at$ ! comm5t ( v4 #ai1 & a /ill lat] "t exp&$ ?is into ! elaborate #ad? *apt]4 ,o!r pro(s cr[d$ ^u me1 t _c "h be enl>g$ ^u4 ,grant+ !n 7= argum5t7 t ! f\r fir/ books ( ! ,p5tateu* are a compilation1 made long aft] ! ev5t1 ,i tri$ = a :ile to support ! v arbitr>y op9ion1 t ,deut]onomy 7all b its la/ *apt]7 :i* seem$ to be a m homog5e\s composition1 0 alone & really ! production ( ,moses4 ,?is h[ev] ne$$ "s def9ite pro(3 = if tradition 0 n suffici5t to gu>antee ! :ole ,p5tateu*1 x c\ld n gu>antee to me ,deut]onomy alone4 ,i proce$$ to inve/igate ! ext]nal hi/ory ( ! ,p5tateu*1 & 9 s do+1 came to ! /ory1 h[ ! book ( ! ,law 0 f\nd 9 ! reign ( ! "y k+ ,josiah1 ne>ly at ! end ( ! ,jewi% mon>*y4 ,z ,i consid]$ ! n>rative1 my eyes 7 op5$4 ,if ! book _h previ\sly be5 ! receiv$ sacr$ law1 x c\ld n possibly h be5 s lo/1 t its cont5ts 7 unkn[n1 & ! fact ( its loss =gott53 x 0 !re=e evid5tly !n fir/ compil$1 or at lea/ !n fir/ produc$ & made au?oritative to ! nation4#f ,& ) ?is ! g5]al c\rse ( ! hi/ory be/ agrees1 & all ! ph5om5a ( ! books !mselves4 ,_m ( ! ,scriptural facts 7 old to me3 to ! importance ( ! hi/ory ( ,josiah ,i _h p]haps ev5 become dim-sight$ by famili>ity4 ,:y _h ,i n long ago se5 t my conclusions ought to h be5 diff]5t f ^? ( preval5t or?odoxy8--,i f\nd t ,i _h be5 cajol$ by ! primitive assumptions1 :i* ?\gh n cle>ly /at$1 are unc]emoni\sly us$4 ,dean ,graves1 = in/ance1 always takes = grant$1 t1 until ! contr>y %all be demon/rat$1 x is to be firmly believ$ t ! ,p5tateu* is f ! p5 ( ,moses4 ,he proce$s to set aside1 "o by "o1 z n demon/rative1 ! indications t x is ( lat] orig93 & :5 o!r means fail1 he says t ! p>ticul> v]ses rem>k$ on 7 add$ by a lat] h&6 ,i consid]$ t if we 7 debat+ ! antiquity ( an ,iri% book1 & 9 "o page ( x 7 f\nd an allusion to ! ,p>liam5t>y ,union ) ,engl&1 we %\ld at once reg>d ! :ole book1 until ! contr>y %\ld be prov$1 z ! "w ( ?is c5tury2 & n endure ! reason]1 :o1 9 ord] to uphold a !ory t x is five c5turies old1 pron\nc$ t s5t5ce evid5tly to be f a lat] h&4 ,yet 9 ?is arbitr>y way ,dean ,graves & all 8 coadjutors set aside1 "o by "o1 ! texts :i* po9t at ! date ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,i 0 possess$ ) indignation4 ,oh %am sci5ce6 ,oh false-nam$ ,!ology6 ,o mihi tam long maneat p>s ultima vit1 ,spiritus et1 quantum sat erit tua dic]e facta6 ,yet ,i wait$ "s eight ye>s long]1 le/ ,i %\ld on s grave a subject write any?+ premature4 ,especially ,i felt t x 0 necess>y to le>n m ( :at ! erudition ( ,g]many _h done on ^! subjects4 ,mi*aelis on ! ,new ,te/am5t _h fall5 into my h&s sev]al ye>s be=e1 & ,i _h f\nd ! greate/ advantage f 8 le>n+ & c&\r4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,i also _h begun to get m or less aid f f\r or five liv+ ,g]man div9es2 b none produc$ any /rong impression on me b ,de ,wette4 ,! two gr& lessons :i* ,i le>n$ f him1 71 ! great] rec5cy ( ,deut]onomy1 & ! v untru/wor?y "* ( ! book ( ,*ronicles2 ) :i* discov]y1 ! true orig9 ( ! ,p5tateu* becomes /ill cle>]4#g ,aft] ?is1 ,i he>d ( ,h5g/5b]g z ! mo/ le>n$ writ] on ! opposite side1 & furni%$ myself ) 8 "w 9 def5ce ( ! antiquity ( ! ,p5tateu*3 b x only %[$ me h[ hopeless a cause he _h und]tak54 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is p]iod ,i came to a totally new view ( _m p>ts ( ! ,bible2 & n to be t$i\s1 x w suffice "h to sum up ! results4 ,! fir/ books :i* ,i look$ at z d\btful1 7 ! ,apocalypse & ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 ,f ! ,greek /yle ,i felt assur$ t ! =m] 0 n by ,john1#h nor ! latt] by ,paul4 ,9 ,mi*aelis ,i fir/ le>nt ! int]e/+ fact ( ,lu!r hav+ vehem5tly repudiat$ ! ,apocalypse1 s t he n only decl>$ its spuri\sness 9 ! ,preface ( 8 ,bible1 b solemnly *>g$ 8 successors n to pr9t 8 translation ( ! ,apocalypse )\t annex+ ?is av[al3--a *>ge :i* !y pres5tly disobey$4 ,su* is ! habitual unfairness ( ecclesia/ical corporations4 ,i 0 aft]w>ds confirm$ by ,ne&] 9 ! belief t ! ,apocalypse is a false prophecy4 ,! only *apt] ( x :i* is int]pret$1--! #ag?1--appe>s to be a political speculation sugge/$ by ! civil w> ( ,o?o1 ,vitellius & ,vespasian2 & errone\sly op9es t ! eigh? emp]or ( ,rome is to be ! la/1 & is to be "o ( ! prec$+ emp]ors re/or$1--probably ,n]o1 :o 0 believ$ to h escap$ to ! k+s ( ! ,ea/4--,z = ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 7:i* ,i 0 dispos$ to believe ,lu!r _h well guess$ to be ! production ( ,apollos17 ,i n[ saw q a diff]5t g5ius 9 x f t ( ,paul1 z m artificial & sav\r+ ( rhetorical culture4 ,z to ?is1 ! le>n$ ,g]mans are probably unanim\s4 ,next to ^!1 ! ,song ( ,solomon fell away4 ,i _h be5 accu/om$ to receive ?is z a sacr$ repres5tation ( ! loves ( ,*ri/ & ! ,*ur*3 b aft] ,i 0 exp]im5tally acqua9t$ ) ! playful & extravagant g5ius ( man's love = woman1 ,i saw ! ,song ( ,solomon ) new eyes1 & became entirely conv9c$ t x consi/s ( fragm5ts ( love-songs1 "s ( !m r voluptu\s4 ,aft] ?is1 x foll[$ t ! s-call$ ,canon ( ! ,jews c\ld n gu>antee to u ! value ( ! writ+s4 ,consequ5tly1 su* books z ,ru? & ,e/h]1 7! latt] inde$ n conta9+ "o religi\s s5tim5t17 /ood =? at once 9 _! natural insignificance4 ,ecclesia/es also seem$ to me a meagre & %all[ production4 ,*ronicles ,i n[ le>n$ to be n cr$ul\s only1 b unfair1 p]haps s f> z to be actually di%one/4 ,n "o ( ! hi/orical books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t c\ld approve itself to me z ( any high antiquity or ( any spiritual au?ority2 & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ,i f\nd ! fir/ ?ree books & ! ,acts to conta9 _m d\btful & "s untrue acc\nts1 & _m incr$ible miracles4 ,_m p]sons1 aft] read+ ?us mu* conc]n+ me1 w be apt to say3 ,( c\rse !n y gave up ,*ri/ianity8--,f> f x4 ,i gave up all t 0 cle>ly unt5able1 & clung ! firm] to all t /ill appe>$ s\nd4 ,i _h f\nd out t ! ,bible 0 n to be my religion1 nor its p]fection any t5et ( m9e3 b :at !n6 ,did ,paul g ab\t prea*+ ! ,bible8 nay1 b he prea*$ ,*ri/4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t did n z yet exi/3 to ! ,jews he necess>ily argu$ f ! ,old ,te/am5t2 b t fai? 9 ! book 0 no "p ( ,paul's gospel1 is manife/ f 8 giv+ no li/ ( sacr$ books to 8 ,g5tile conv]ts4 ,twice inde$ 9 8 epi/les to ,timo?y1 he recomm5ds ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 b ev5 9 ! m /rik+ passage1 7on :i* su* exagg]at$ /ress has be5 laid17 ! _s ( 8 rem>k is ess5tially apologetic4 ,despise n1 oh ,timo?y1 7is virtually 8 exhortation7 ! ,scriptures t y le>n$ z a *ild4 ,al?\gh n[ y h ! ,_s to tea* y1 yet t does n make ! old] writ]s useless3 = e div9ely inspir$ writ+ is also pr(itable = in/ruction c4 ,9 ,paul's religion1 respect = ! ,scriptures 0 a means1 n an end4 ,! ,bible 0 made = man1 n man = ! ,bible4 ,?us ! "q ) me 03 ,may ,i /ill receive ,*ri/ z a ,savi\r f s91 a ,tea*] & ,"l s5t f heav51 & c ,i f9d an adequate acc\nt ( :at he came to d or tea*8 ,& my reply 01 ,yes4 ,! gospel ( ,john alone gave an adequate acc\nt ( him3 ! o!r ?ree1 ?\gh (t5 errone\s1 _h cle> m>ks ( simplicity1 & 9 s f> confirm$ ! g5]al belief 9 ! sup]natural "* & works ( ,jesus4 ,!n ! conv]sion ( ,paul 0 a p[]ful argum5t4 ,i _h ,pet]'s te/imony to ! resurrection1 & to ! transfiguration4 ,_m ( ! prophecies 7 em95tly rem>kable1 & seem$ unacc\ntable except z miracul\s4 ,! orig9 ( ,judaism & spread ( ,*ri/ianity appe>$ to be beyond common exp]i5ce1 & 7 p]haps fairly to be call$ sup]natural4 ,broad views su* z ^! did n seem to be affect$ by ! special conclusions at :i* ,i _h arriv$ conc]n+ ! books ( ! ,bible4 ,i conceiv$ myself to be re/+ "u an ,indian ,figtree1 :i* is support$ by c]ta9 gr& /ems1 b also lets d[n to ! e>? _m small bran*es1 :i* seem to ! eye to prop ! tree1 b 9 fact are support$ by x4 ,if !y 7 cut away1 ! tree w\ld n be less /rong4 ,s nei!r 0 ! tree ( ,*ri/ianity weak5$ by ! loss ( its app>5t props4 ,i might /ill enjoy its %ade1 & eat ( its fruits1 & bless ! h& t plant$ x4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is p]iod ,i likewise le>nt h[ inadequate all[ance ,i _h once made = ! repulsion produc$ by my own dogmatic t5d5cy on ! sympa?ies ( ! unevangelical4 ,i n[ (t5 met p]sons ( ,evangelical op9ion1 b c\ld seldom h any int]*ange ( religi\s s5tim5t ) !m1 because e ^w !y utt]$ w>n$ me t ,i c\ld escape controv]sy only :ile ,i kept !m at a di/ance3 moreov]1 if any little diff]5ce ( op9ion l$ u into amicable argum5t1 !y uni=mly reason$ by quot+ texts4 ,?is 0 n[ inadmissible ) me1 b ,i c\ld only h done mis*ief by go+ f>!r ?an a dry disclaim]2 aft] :i* inde$ ,i saw ,i 0 g5]ally look$ on z an infidel4 ,no d\bt ! p>ties :o s came into collision ) me1 approa*$ me (t5 ) an e>ne/ desire & hope to f9d "s spiritual good 9 me1 b )drew disappo9t$1 f9d+ me ei!r cold & def5sive1 or 7p]haps !y ?\ght7 w>m & disputati\s4 ,?us1 z long z artificial te/s ( spirituality are all[$ to exi/1 _! errone\sness is n easily expos$ by ! m]e we> & te> ( life4 ,:5 ! collision ( op9ion is v /rong1 two good m5 may meet1 & only be confirm$ 9 _! prejudices aga9/ "o ano!r3 = 9 ord] t "o may elicit ! spiritual sympa?ies ( ! o!r1 a c]ta9 lib]ality is pr]equisite4 ,)\t ?is1 ea* prep>es to %ield himself f attack1 or ev5 holds out weapons ( (f5ce4 ,?us articles ( ,communion are ess5tially articles ( ,disunion4--,on ! o!r h&1 if all te/s ( op9ion 9 a *ur* 7 he>tily & truly done away1 !n ! pr9ciples ( spiritual aff9ity & repulsion w\ld act q undi/urb$4 ,surely !re=e ?is 0 ! only "r me?od8--,nev]!less1 ,i saw ! necessity ( "o te/1 ,jesus is ! ,son ( ,god1 & felt unpleasantly t "o article t5ds infallibly to draw ano!r aft] x4 ,b ,i _h too mu*1 j !n to ?9k ( 9 o!r qu>t]s1 to c>e mu* ab\t ,*ur* ,sy/ems4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,g54 xxxiii4 #ai1 & xlix4 #bi-cb1 xxiii4 ,footnote #b3 ,"s say1 t ,ze*>iah1 son ( ,jehoiada1 nam$ 9 ! ,*ronicles1 is meant2 t he is conf\nd$ ) ! prophet1 ! son ( ,b]e*iah1 & 0 suppos$ to be ! la/ ( ! m>tyrs1 because ! ,*ronicles are plac$ la/ 9 ! ,hebrew ,bible4 ,?is is a plausible view2 b x saves ! ,scripture only by imput+ error to ,jesus4 ,footnote #c3 ,my ,eclectic ,review] says 7p4 #bgf73 ,?us because ! evangeli/s held an errone\s m$ical !ory1 ,mr4 ,newman suff]$ a brea* to be made 9 ! cr$it ( ! ,bible4 ,no2 b z ! next s5t5ce /ates1 because !y are convict$ ( mis/at+ facts1 "u ! influ5ce ( ?is errone\s m$ical !ory4 ,ev5 ?is review]--c&id = an or?odox critic1 & n ov]-or?odox ei!r--_c help g>bl+ me4 ,footnote #d3 ,i h expla9$ ?is 9 my ,hebrew ,mon>*y4 ,footnote #e3 ,?is poet celebrat$ also ! de$s ( ,david 7#b ,sam4 i4 #ah7 accord+ to our translation3 if s1 he 0 _m c5turies lat] ?an ,jo%ua2 h[ev]1 ! s5se ( ! ,hebrew is little obscure4 ,footnote #f3 ,i h fully discuss$ ?is 9 my ,hebrew ,mon>*y4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,engli% read] may consult ,!odore ,p>k]'s translation ( ,de ,wette's ,introduction to ! ,canon ( ,scripture4 ,i h also amply exhibit$ ! vanity ( ! ,*ronicles 9 my ,hebrew ,mon>*y4 ,de ,wette has a sep>ate treatise on ! ,*ronicles1 ,footnote #h3 ,if ! date ( ! ,apocalypse is tw5ty ye>s e>li] ?an t ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 ,i n[ feel no su* difficulty 9 _! be+ ! composition ( ! same writ]4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,fai? ,,at ,,second ,,h& ,,f\nd ,,to ,,be ,,va94 ,i reckon my fif? p]iod to beg9 f ! "t :5 ,i _h totally ab&on$ ! claim ( ! ,canon ( ,scripture1 h[ev] curtail$1 to be receiv$ z ! object ( fai?1 z free f error1 or z some?+ rais$ above moral criticism2 & look$ out = "s deep] f\ndation = my cre$ ?an any sacr$ ,lett]4 ,b an entirely new inquiry _h begun to engage me at int]vals1 viz41 ! ess5tial logic ( ^! inve/igations4 ,ought we 9 any case to receive moral tru? 9 ob$i5ce to an app>5t miracle ( s5se8 or conv]sely1 ought we ev] to believe 9 s5sible miracles because ( _! recomm5d+ "s moral tru?8 ,i p]ceiv$ t ! endless jangl+ :i* goes on 9 detail$ controv]sy1 is inevitable1 :ile ! disputants are unaw>es at v>iance ) "o ano!r1 or !mselves wav]+1 z to ^! p]vad+ pr9ciples ( evid5ce4--,i reg>d my fif? p]iod to come to an end ) ! decision ( ?is "q4 ,nev]!less1 _m o!r important l9es ( inquiry 7 go+ =w>d simultane\sly4 ,i f\nd 9 ! ,bible itself1--& ev5 9 ! v same book1 z 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1--great unc]ta9ty & inconsi/5cy on ?is "q4 ,9 "o place1 ,jesus reproves#a ! dem& ( a miracle1 & blesses ^? :o believe )\t#b miracles2 9 ano!r1 he requires t !y w submit to 8 doctr9e because#c ( 8 miracles4 ,n[1 ?is is intelligible1 if bl9d ext]nal ob$i5ce is ! end ( religion1 & n ,tru? & inw>d ,righte\sness4 ,an ambiti\s & unscrupul\s ,*ur*1 t desires1 by fair means or f\l1 to make m5 b[ d[n to h]1 may say1 ,only believe2 & all is "r4 ,! end be+ ga9$1--,ob$i5ce to u1--we d n c>e ab\t y\r reasons4 ,b ,god _c speak ?us to man2 & to a div9e tea*] we %\ld peculi>ly look = aid 9 gett+ cle> views ( ! gr\nds ( fai?2 because x is by a k ( ^! t we %all bo? be root$ on ! true basis1 & sav$ f ! dang] ( false beliefs4 ,x1 !re=e1 peculi>ly vex$ me to f9d s total a defici5cy ( cle> & s\nd in/ruction 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & em95tly 9 ! gospel ( ,john1 on s vital a "q4 ,! m ,i consid]$ x1 ! m x appe>$1 z if ,jesus 7 solely anxi\s to h p believe 9 ,him1 )\t c>+ on :at gr\nds !y believ$1 al?\gh t is obvi\sly ! ma9 po9t4 ,:5 to ?is 0 add$ ! ?reat ( damnation on ^? :o did n believe1 ! case became f> worse3 = ,i felt t if su* a ?reat 7 all[$ to op]ate1 ,i might become a ,mohamm$an or a ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,c\ld ,i 9 any case rationally assign ?is z a gr\nd = believ+ 9 ,*ri/1--because ,i am fright5$ by 8 ?reats--8 ,f>!r ?\ght %[$ me t a "q ( logic1 su* z ,i "h _h be=e me1 0 peculi>ly "o on :i* ! propagator ( a new religion c\ld n be all[$ to dictate2 = if s1 e false sy/em c\ld e/abli% itself4 ,let ,h9dooism dictate our logic1--let u submit to its te/s ( a div9e revelation1 & its mode ( apply+ !m1--& we may1 p]haps1 at once f9d ourselves necessitat$ to become little *ildr5 9 a ,brahm9ical s*ool4 ,might n !n ?is v ?+ acc\nt = ! ,bible n enlight5+ u on ! topic8 namely1 s9ce ,logic1 l ,ma!matics1 belongs to ! common intellect1--,possibly s3 b /ill1 x _c reconcile u to vacillations & contradictions 9 ! ,bible on s critical a po9t4 ,gradually ,i saw t deep] & deep] difficulties lay at bottom4 ,if ,logic _c be matt] ( au?oritative revelation1 s long z ! nature ( ! human m9d is :at x is1--if x appe>s1 z a fact1 t 9 ! writ+s & spee*es ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ! logic is f> f lucid1--if we are to comp>e ,logic ) ,ma!matics & o!r sci5ces1 :i* grew up ) civilization & long "t1--we _c d\bt t ! apo/les imbib$ ! logic1 l ! a/ronomy1 ( _! own day1 ) all its defects4 ,inde$1 ! same is o!rwise pla94 ,paul's reason+s are ^? ( a ,gamaliel1 & (t5 are indef5sible by our logical notions4 ,john1 also 7z ,i _h be5 rec5tly le>n+17 has a wond]ful simil>ity to ,philo4 ,?is be+ ! case1 x becomes ( deep int]e/ to u to "k1--if we are to accept results at second h& f ,paul & ,john1--:at 0 ! sort ( evid5ce :i* conv9c$ !m8 ,! mom5t ?is "q is put1 we see ! ess5tial defect to :i* we are expos$1 9 n be+ able to cross-exam9e !m4 ,paul says t ,*ri/ appe>$ to him3 else:]e1 t he has receiv$ ( ! ,"l c]ta9 facts1 conc]n+ ! ,holy ,supp]3 & t 8 ,gospel 0 giv5 to him by revelation4 ,if any mod]n made su* /atem5ts to u1 & on ?is gr\nd dem&$ our cr$5ce1 x w\ld be all[able1 & inde$ obligatory1 to ask _m que/ions ( him4 ,:at does he mean by say+ t he has _h a revelation8 ,did he see a sight1 or he> a s\nd8 or 0 x an inw>d impression8 & h[ does he di/+ui% x z div9e8#d ,until ^! que/ions are fully answ]$1 we h no mat]ials at all be=e u = decid+ to accept 8 results3 to believe him1 m]ely because he is e>ne/ & p]suad$1 w\ld be judg$ to indicate ! weakness ( inexp]i5ce4 ,h[ !n c x be pret5d$ t we h1 or c possibly get1 ! means ( assur+ ourselves t ! apo/les held correct pr9ciples ( evid5ce & appli$ !m ju/ly1 :5 we are n able to int]rogate !m8 ,f>!r1 x appe>s t our exp]i5ce ( delusion =ces u to enact a v sev]e te/ ( sup]natural revelation4 ,no d\bt1 we c conceive t :i* is equival5t to a new s5se op5+ to u2 b !n x mu/ h v]ifications connect+ x ) ! o!r s5ses4 ,?us1 a p>ticul>ly vivid sort ( dream recurr+ ) special m>ks1 & communicat+ at once heav5ly & e>?ly k1 ( :i* ! latt] 0 o!rwise v]ifi$1 w\ld probably be admitt$ z a valid sort ( evid5ce3 b s int5se w\ld be ! int]e/ & duty to h all unravell$ & prob$ to ! bottom1 t we %\ld ?9k x impossible to v]ify ! new s5se too anxi\sly1 & we %\ld dem& ! fulle/ p>ticul>s ( ! div9e transaction4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is und5iable t all su* sev]ity ( rese>* is rebuk$ 9 ! ,scriptures z unbelief4 ,! deeply int]e/+ process ( receiv+ sup]natural revelation4--a revelation1 n ( moral pr9ciples1 b ( outw>d facts & ev5ts1 suppos$ to be communicat$ 9 a mode :olly peculi> & unkn[n to common m51--?is process1 :i* ought to be laid op5 & analyz$ "u ! fulle/ light1 if we are to believe ! results at second h&1 is always & av[$ly %r\d$ 9 imp5etrable d>kness4 ,!re surely is some?+ "h1 :i* d5otes t x is dang]\s to resign ourselves to ! conclusions ( ! apo/les1 :5 _! logical notions are s diff]5t f ours4 ,i f>!r inquir$1 :at sort ( miracle ,i c\ld conceive1 t w\ld alt] my op9ion on a moral "q4 ,hosea 0 div9ely ord]$ to g & unite himself to an impure woman3 c\ld ,i possibly ?9k t ,god ord]$ me to d s1 if ,i he>d a voice 9 ! air comm&+ x8 ,%\ld ,i n r disbelieve my he>+1 ?an dis[n my moral p]ceptions8 ,if n1 :]e am ,i to /op8 ,i may practise all sorts ( hea!nism4 ,a man :o1 9 ob$i5ce to a voice 9 ! air1 kills 8 innoc5t wife or *ild1 w ei!r be call$ mad1 & %ut up = safety1 or w be hang$ z a desp]ate fanatic3 d ,i d>e to condemn ?is mod]n judgm5t ( him8 ,w\ld any conceivable miracle ju/ify my slay+ my wife8 ,god =bid6 ,x mu/ be morally "r1 to believe moral r ?an s5sible p]ceptions4 ,no outw>d impressions on ! eye or e> c be s valid an assurance to me ( ,god's w1 z my inw>d judgm5t4 ,h[ amaz+1 !n1 t a ,paul or a ,james c\ld look on ,abraham's int5tion to slay 8 son1 z indicat+ a praisewor?y fai?6--,& yet n amaz+3 ,x does b %[1 t apo/les 9 =m] days1 l ourselves1 scrut9iz$ antiquity ) diff]5t eyes f mod]n ev5ts4 ,if ,paul _h be5 ord]$ by a sup]natural voice to slay ,pet]1 he w\ld h attribut$ ! voice to ! devil1 ! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air1 & w\ld h despis$ x4 ,he praises ! fai? ( ,abraham1 b he c]ta9ly w\ld nev] h imitat$ 8 conduct4 ,j s1 ! mod]n div9es :o laud ,joseph's piety t[>ds ,m>y1 w\ld be v diff]5tly affect$1 if ev5ts & p]sons 7 transport$ to ! pres5t day4 ,b to return4 ,let x be grant$ t no s5sible miracle c\ld au?orize me s to violate my moral p]ceptions z to slay 7t is1 to murd]7 my innoc5t wife4 ,may x1 nev]!less1 au?orize me to invade a neighb\r c\ntry1 slaught] ! p & possess _! cities1 al?\gh1 )\t su* a miracle1 ! de$ w\ld be deeply crim9al8 ,x is impossible to say t "h1 m ?an 9 ! =m] case1 miracles#e c turn aside ! common laws ( morality4 ,nei!r1 !re=e1 c\ld !y ju/ify ,jo%ua's w> ( ext]m9ation on ! ,canaanites1 nor t ( ,samuel on ! ,amalekites2 nor ! murd] ( misbeliev]s by ,elijah & by ,josiah4 ,if we are %ock$ at ! idea ( ,god releas+ ,mohamm$ f ! vulg> law ( m>riage1 we mu/ z little endure relaxation 9 ! great laws ( ju/ice & m]cy4 ,f>!r1 if only a small immorality is conc]n$1 %all we !n say t a miracle may ju/ify x8 ,c\ld x au?orise me to plait a :ip ( small cords1 & flog a pref]m5t-hunt] out ( ! pulpit8 or w\ld x ju/ify me 9 publicly call+ ! ,que5 & h] m9i/]s a brood ( vip]s1 :o _c escape ! damnation ( hell#f ,su* que/ions g v deep into ! he>t ( ! ,*ri/ian claims4 ,i _h be5 accu/om$ to ov]be> objections ( ?is sort by reply+1 t to all[ ( _! be+ he>d w\ld am\nt to refus+ leave to ,god to give comm&s to 8 creatures4 ,=1 x seems1 if he did comm&1 we1 in/ead ( obey+1 %\ld discuss :e!r ! comm& 0 "r & reasonable2 & if we ?\ght x o!rwise1 %\ld conclude t ,god nev] gave x4 ,! extirpation ( ! ,canaanites is comp>$ by div9es to ! execution ( a crim9al2 & x is insi/$1 t if ! voice ( society may ju/ify ! execution]1 mu* m may ! voice ( ,god--,b ,i n[ saw ! analogy to be insuffici5t & uns\nd4 ,insuffici5t1 because no execution] is ju/ifi$ 9 slay+ ^? :om 8 consci5ce tells him to be innoc5t2 & x is a b>b>\s morality alone1 :i* pret5ds t he may make himself a passive tool ( slaught]4 ,b next1 ! analogy assumes1 7:at none ( my v dictatorial & insol5t critics make ev5 ! fa9te/ ef=t to prove to be a fact17 t ,god1 l man1 speaks f )\t3 t :at we call ,reason & ,consci5ce is n 8 mode ( comm&+ & reveal+ 8 w1 b t words to /rike ! e>1 or symbols display$ be=e ! s5ses1 are emphatically & exclusively ,revelation4 ,besides all ?is1 ! comm& ( slaught] to ! ,jews is n direct$ aga9/ ! sev5 nations ( ,canaan only1 z mod]n !ologians (t5 errone\sly ass]t3 x is a univ]sal p]mission1 ( av>ici\s massacre & subjugation ( ! cities :i* are v f> (f f !e1 :i* are n ( ! cities ( ^! nations1 ,deut1 xx4 #ae4 ,! ?\ghts :i* "h fill b a few pages1 occupi$ me a long :ile 9 work+ out2 because ,i consci\sly1 ) caution m ?an ) timidity1 decl9$ to foll[ !m rapidly4 ,!y came z d>k suspicions or z fla%+ possibilities2 & 7 aga9 laid aside = reconsid]ation1 le/ ,i %\ld be c>ri$ into antagonism to my old cre$4 ,= x is cle> t great error arises 9 religion1 by ! undue ard\r ( conv]ts1 :o become bitt] aga9/ ! fai? :i* !y h left1 & outrun 9 zeal _! new associates4 ,s also successive c5turies oscillate too f> on ! "r & on ! left ( tru?4 ,b s happy 0 my position1 t ,i ne$$ n to hurry3 no practical duty =c$ me to rapid decision1 & a susp5se ( judgm5t 0 n an un:olesome ex]cise4 ,mean:ile1 ,i sometimes ?\ght ,*ri/ianity to be to me1 l ! great riv] ,ganges to a ,h9doo4 ,( its value he has daily exp]i5ce3 he has pi\sly believ$ t its s\rces are 9 heav51 b ( late ! report has come to him1 t x only fl[s f v high m\nta9s ( ?is e>?4 ,:at is he to believe8 ,he kn[s n exactly3 he c>es n mu*3 9 any case ! riv] is ! gift ( ,god to him3 its positive b5efits _c be affect$ by a !ory conc]n+ its s\rce4 ,su* a comp>ison und\bt$ly implies t he :o uses x disc]ns = himself a moral excell5ce 9 ,*ri/ianity1 & submits to x only s f> z ?is disc]nm5t comm&s4 ,i _h practically rea*$ ?is po9t1 long be=e ,i conclud$ my !oretical inquiries z to ,*ri/ianity itself3 b 9 ! c\rse ( ?is fif? p]iod num]\s o!r ov]p[]+ consid]ations cr[d$ ^u me :i* ,i mu/ proce$ to /ate 9 outl9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all pi\s ,*ri/ians feel1 & all ! ,new ,te/am5t proclaims1 t ,fai? is a moral act & a te/ ( ! moral & spiritual t is )9 u2 s t he :o is )\t fai?1 7fai?less1 unfai?ful1 infidel17 is morally want+ & is cut (f f ,god4 ,to ass5t to a religi\s proposition solely 9 ob$i5ce to an outw>d miracle1 w\ld be ,belief2 b w\ld n be ,fai?1 any m ?an is sci5tific conviction4 ,bi%op ,butl] & all 8 foll[]s c insi/ ) mu* =ce on ?is topic1 :5 x suits !m1 & c quote mo/ aptly f ! ,new ,te/am5t to ! same effect4 ,!y d$uce1 t a really ov]p[]+ miracul\s pro( w\ld h de/roy$ ! moral "* ( ,fai?3 yet !y d n see t ! argum5t sup]s$es ! au?oritative =ce ( outw>d miracles entirely4 ,x _h always appe>$ to me v /range 9 ^! div9es1 to insi/ on ! /up5d\s "* & conv9c+ p[] ( ! ,*ri/ian miracles1 & !n1 9 reply to ! objection t !y 7 n q conv9c+1 to say t ! defect 0 purposely left to try p's ,fai?4 ,fai? 9 :at8 ,n surely 9 ! confess$ly ill-prov$ miracle1 b 9 ! tru? z disc]nible by ! he>t )\t aid ( miracle4 ,i conceiv$ ( two m51 ,na?aniel & ,demas1 enc\nt]+ a pret5d] to miracles1 a ,simon ,magus ( ! scriptures4 ,na?aniel is guileless1 sweet-he>t$ & ( /rong moral s5se1 b 9 worldly matt]s r a simpleton4 ,demas is a %>p man1 :o gets on well 9 ! _w1 quick ( eye & %rewd ( wit1 h>d-head$ & n to be impos$ ^u by 8 fell[s2 b de/itute ( any high religi\s aspirations or deep moral insight4 ,! juggl]ies ( ,simon are readily disc]n$ by ,demas1 b ?or\ghly deceive poor ,na?aniel3 :at !n is ! latt] to d8 ,to say t we are to receive true miracles & reject false ones1 avails n1 unless ! m9d is presum$ to be capable ( discrim9at+ ! "o f ! o!r4 ,! wond]s ( ,simon are z div9e z ! wond]s ( ,jesus to a man1 :o1 l ,na?aniel1 c acc\nt = nei!r by natural causes4 ,if we enact ! rule1 t m5 are to submit _! und]/&+s to app>5t prodigies1 & t revelation is a ?+ ( ! outw>d s5ses1 we alight on ! un5durable absurdity1 t ,demas has faculties bett] fitt$ ?an ^? ( ,na?aniel = discrim9at+ religi\s tru? & error1 & t ,na?aniel1 9 ob$i5ce to eye & e>1 :i* he kn[s to be v deceivable organs1 is to ab&on 8 moral p]ceptions4 ,nor is ! case alt]$1 if in/ead ( ,simon 9 p]son1 a huge ?+ call$ a ,*ur* is pres5t$ z a claimant ( au?ority to ,na?aniel4 ,suppose him to be a poor ,spani>d1 surr\nd$ by false miracles1 false erudition1 & all ! app>atus ( reign+ & unoppos$ ,romanism4 ,he _c cope ) ! prie/s 9 clev]ness1--detect _! juggl]ies1--refute _! hi/orical falsehoods1 dis5tangle _! web ( sophi/ry3 b if he is truehe>t$1 he may say3 ,y bid me n to keep fai? ) h]etics3 y def5d murd]1 exile1 imprisonm5t1 f9es1 on m5 :o w n submit _! consci5ces to y\r au?ority3 ?is ,i see to be wick$1 ?\gh y ev] s mu* pret5d t ,god has taught x y4 ,s1 also1 if he be acco/$ by le>n$ cl]gym51 :o und]take to prove t ,jesus wr\ght /up5d\s miracles1 or by le>n$ ,moolahs :o allege ! same ( ,mohamm$ or ( ,m5u1 he is q unable to deal ) !m on ! gr\nds ( physiology1 physics1 or hi/ory4--,9 %ort1 no?+ c be pla9]1 ?an t ! moral & spiritual s5se is ! only religi\s faculty ( ! poor man2 & t z ,*ri/ianity 9 its orig9 0 prea*$ to ! poor1 s x 0 to ! inw>d s5ses t its fir/ prea*]s appeal$1 z ! supreme arbit]s 9 ! :ole religi\s "q4 ,is x n !n absurd to say t 9 ! act ( conv]sion ! conv]t is to tru/ 8 moral p]ception1 & is ev] aft]w>ds to di/ru/ x8 ,an incid5t _h "s ye>s be=e come to my k1 :i* n[ seem$ in/ructive4 ,an educat$1 highly acute & ?\ghtful p]son1 ( v mature age1 _h become a conv]t to ! ,irv+ miracles1 f an inability to di/+ui% !m f ^? ( ! ,paul9e epi/les2 or to disc]n any?+ ( falsity :i* w\ld ju/ify 8 reject+ !m4 ,b aft] sev]al ye>s he totally r5\nc$ !m z a mis]able delusion1 because he f\nd t a sy/em ( false doctr9e 0 gr[+ up & 0 propp$ by !m4 ,"h 0 a cle> case ( a man ) all ! advantages ( mod]n education & sci5ce1 :o yet f\nd ! direct judgm5t ( a pr(ess$ miracle1 t 0 act$ be=e 8 s5ses1 too ardu\s = him6 ,he 0 l$ a/ray :ile he tru/$ 8 p[] to judge ( miracle3 he 0 br\ght "r by tru/+ to 8 moral p]ceptions4 ,:5 we f>!r consid]1 t a k ( ,natural ,philosophy & ,physiology n only does n belong to ! poor1 b comes lat] 9 "t to mank9d ?an a k ( morals2--t a ,miracle c only be judg$ ( by ,philosophy1--t x is n easy ev5 = philosoph]s to def9e :at is a miracle--t to disc]n a deviation f ! c\rse ( nature1 implies a previ\s c]ta9 k ( :at ! c\rse ( nature is1--& t illit]ate & e>ly ages c]ta9ly h n ?is k1 & (t5 h h>dly ev5 ! idea1--x becomes q a mon/rosity to imag9e t s5sible & ext]nal miracles con/itute ! necess>y process & gu>antee ( div9e revelation4 ,besides1 if an angel appe>$ to my s5ses1 & wr\ght miracles1 h[ w\ld t assure me ( 8 moral qualities8 ,su* miracles might prove 8 p[] & 8 k1 b :e!r malignant or b5ign1 w\ld rema9 d\btful1 until by purely moral evid5ce1 :i* no miracles c\ld give1 ! d\bt %\ld be solv$4#g ,?is is ! old difficulty ab\t diabolical wond]s4 ,! mod]ns cut ! knot1 by d5y+ t any b ,god c possibly "w real miracles4 ,b to e/abli% _! pr9ciple1 !y make _! def9ition & v]ification ( a miracle s /rict1 z w\ld h amaz$ ! apo/les2 & aft] all1 ! difficulty recurs1 t miracul\s ph5om5a w nev] prove ! goodness & v]acity ( ,god1 if we d n "k ^! qualities 9 ,him )\t miracle4 ,!re is !n a deep] & an e>li] revelation ( ,god1 :i* s5sible miracles c nev] give4 ,we _c di/9ctly le>n :at 0 ,paul's full idea ( a div9e revelation2 b ,i c feel no d\bt t he conceiv$ x to be1 9 great measure1 an inw>d ?+4 ,dreams & visions 7 n exclud$ f influ5ce1 & nacre or less affect$ 8 moral judgm5t2 b he did n1 consci\sly & on pr9ciple1 beat d[n 8 consci5ce 9 submission to outw>d impressions4 ,to d s1 is inde$ to de/roy ! moral "* ( ,fai?1 & lay ! axe to ! root1 n ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e only1 b ( e possible spiritual sy/em4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mean:ile1 new brea*es 7 made 9 ^? citadels ( my cre$ :i* _h n yet surr5d]$4 ,"o bran* ( ! ,*ri/ian ,evid5ces conc]ns itself ) ! hi/ory & hi/orical effects ( ! fai?1 & among ,prote/ants ! efficacy ( ! ,bible to enlight5 & conv]t has be5 v mu* press$4 ,! disputant1 h[ev]1 is apt to play fa/ & loose4 ,he adduces ! !ory ( ,*ri/ianity :5 ! hi/ory is unfav\rable1 & appeals to ! hi/ory if ! !ory is impugn$4 ,9 ?is way1 j s mu* is pick$ out ( ! mass ( facts z suits 8 argum5t1 & ! re/ is quietly put aside4 ,i4 ,9 ! !ory ( my e>ly cre$1 7:i* 0 t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 h[ev] conv5i5t x may be = my critics to d]ide x z fanatical & n ,*ri/ian17 cultivation ( m9d & erudition 7 class$ ) worldly ?+s1 :i* might be us$ :]e !y pre-exi/$1 7z ri*es & p[] may subs]ve high] ends17 b :i* 7 q extrane\s & uness5tial to ! spiritual k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,a k ( ! ,bible 0 assum$ to ne$ only an hone/ he>t & ,god's ,_s1 :ile sci5ce1 hi/ory1 & philosophy 7 reg>d$ z d\btful & dang]\s auxili>ies4 ,b soon aft] ! fir/ reflux ( my m9d took place t[>ds ! ,common ,und]/&+1 z a guide ( life legitimately co-ord9ate ) ,scripture1 ,i 0 impress$ ) ! consid]ation t ,free ,le>n+ _h act$ on a great scale = ! improvem5t ( spiritual religion4 ,i _h be5 accu/om$ to believe t ! ,bible#h br\ght ab\t ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation2 & until my tw5ty-n9? ye> probably x _h n occurr$ to me to "q ?is4 ,b ,i 0 fir/ /ruck ) ! ?\ght1 t ! ,bible did n prev5t ! absurd iniquities ( ! ,nic5e & ,po/ ,nic5e controv]sy1 & t ! ,*ur*1 ) ! ,bible 9 h] h&s1 sank d[n into ! gulf ( ,pop]y4 ,h[ !n 0 ! ,bible a suffici5t explanation ( h] recov]+ out ( ,pop]y8 ,ev5 a sup]ficial survey ( ! hi/ory %[s1 t ! fir/ improvem5t ( spiritual doctr9e 9 ! t5? & elev5? c5turies1 came f a /udy ( ! moral works ( ,cic]o & ,boe?ius2--a fact notori\s 9 ! common hi/orians4 ,! ,lat9 morali/s effect$1 :at 7/range to ?9k67 ! ,new ,te/am5t alone c\ld n d4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 :5 ,con/ant9ople 0 tak5 by ! ,turks1 le>n$ ,greeks 7 driv5 out to ,italy & to o!r p>ts ( ! ,we/1 & ! ,roman ,ca?olic _w began to read ! old ,greek lit]ature4 ,all hi/orians agree1 t ! enlight5m5t ( m9d h5ce aris+ 0 a prime mov] ( religi\s ,re=mation2 & le>n$ ,prote/ants ( ,g]many h ev5 believ$1 t ! ov]?r[ ( ,popi% error & e/abli%m5t ( pur] tru? w\ld h be5 br\ght ab\t m equably & pr(\ndly1 if ,lu!r _h nev] liv$1 & ! passions ( ! vulg> _h nev] be5 /imulat$ aga9/ ! ext]nals ( ,romanism4 ,at any rate1 x gradually op5$ ^u me1 t ! free cultivation ( ! und]/&+1 :i* ,lat9 & ,greek lit]ature _h imp>t$ to ,europe & our fre] public life1 7 *ief causes ( our religi\s sup]iority to ,greek1 ,arm5ian1 & ,syrian ,*ri/ians4 ,z ! ,greeks 9 ,con/ant9ople "u a c5traliz$ despotism reta9$ no free intellect1 & !re=e ! works ( _! fa!rs did _! s\ls no good2 s 9 ,europe1 j 9 proportion to ! fre$om ( le>n+1 has be5 ! =ce ( ! result4 ,9 ,spa9 & ,italy ! /udy ( miscellane\s sci5ce & indep5d5t ?\ght 7 ne>ly ext+ui%$2 9 ,france & ,au/ria !y 7 crippl$2 9 ,prote/ant c\ntries !y h be5 free/4 ,& !n we impute all _! effects to ! ,bible6#i ,i at l5g? saw h[ unt5able is ! argum5t drawn f ! inw>d hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity 9 fav\r ( its sup]human orig94 ,9 fact3 ?is religion _c pret5d to self-su/a9+ p[]4 ,h>dly 0 x />t$ on its c\rse1 :5 x began to be pollut$ by ! hea!nism & false philosophy ar\nd x4 ,) ! decl9e ( national g5ius & civil culture x became m & m debas$4 ,s f> f be+ able to uphold ! exi/+ morality ( ! be/ ,pagan tea*]s1 x became b>b>iz$ itself1 & sank into deep sup]/ition & manifold moral corruption4 ,f f]oci\s m5 x le>nt f]ocity4 ,:5 civil society began to coalesce into ord]1 ,*ri/ianity also turn$ = ! bett]1 & pres5tly le>n$ to use ! wisdom1 fir/ ( ,romans1 !n ( ,greeks3 su* /udies op5$ m5's eyes to new appreh5sions ( ! ,scripture & ( its doctr9e4 ,by gradual & human means1 ,europe1 l anci5t ,greece1 grew up t[>ds bett] political in/itutions2 & ,*ri/ianity improv$ ) !m1--! ,*ri/ianity ( ! m educat$4 ,beyond ,europe1 :]e !re h be5 no su* in/itutions1 !re has be5 no ,prote/ant ,re=mation3--t is 9 ! ,greek1 ,arm5ian1 ,syrian1 ,coptic *ur*es4 ,n unreasonably !n d ,franks 9 ,turkey dis[n ! title ,naz>5e1 z d5ot+ t ,*ri/ianity :i* has n be5 purifi$ by ,european laws & ,european le>n+4 ,*ri/ianity rises & s9ks ) political & lit]>y influ5ces3 9 s f>1#aj x does n diff] f o!r religions4 ,! same appli$ to ! orig9 & advance ( ,judaism4 ,x began 9 poly!i/ic & idolatr\s b>b>ism3 x cle>$ into a h>d mono!ism1 ) mu* sup]/ition adh]+ to x4 ,?is 0 f>!r improv$ by successive psalmi/s & prophets1 until ,judaism culm9at$4 ,! ,jewi% fai? 0 em95tly gr& & pure2 b !re is no?+#aa 9 ?is hi/ory :i* we c adduce 9 pro( ( pret]natural & miracul\s ag5cy4 ,,ii4 ,! facts conc]n+ ! outw>d spread ( ,*ri/ianity h also be5 disguis$ by ! p>ty _s ( ,*ri/ians1 z ?\gh !re 7 some?+ ess5tially diff]5t 9 k9d z to ! mode 9 :i* x began & cont9u$ its conque/s1 f ! correspond+ hi/ory ( o!r religions4 ,b no su* di/9ction c be made out4 ,x is g5]al to all religions to beg9 by moral means1 & proce$ f>!r by m worldly in/rum5ts4 ,*ri/ianity _h a great moral sup]iority ov] ,roman paganism1 9 its humane doctr9e ( univ]sal bro!rhood1 its unselfi%ness1 its hol9ess2 & !reby x attract$ to itself 7among o!r & bas] mat]ials7 all ! pure/ natures & mo/ en?usia/ic temp]am5ts4 ,its fir/ conque/s 7 noble & admirable4 ,b !re is no?+ sup]human or unusual 9 ?is4 ,mohamm$ism 9 ! same way conqu]s ^? ,pagan cre$s :i* are morally inf]ior to x4 ,! ,seljuk & ! ,ottoman ,turks 7 ,pagans1 b adopt$ ! religion ( ,t>t>s & ,p]sians :om !y subjugat$1 because x 0 sup]ior & 0 bl5d$ ) a sup]ior civilization2 exactly z ! ,g]man conqu]ors ( ! ,we/]n ,empire ( ,rome adopt$ "s =m ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b if x is true t ! sword ( ,mohamm$ 0 ! influ5ce :i* subject$ ,arabia1 ,egypt1 ,syria & ,p]sia to ! religion ( ,islam1 x is no less true t ! ,roman empire 0 f9ally conqu]$ to ,*ri/ianity by ! sword4 ,be=e ,con/ant9e1 ,*ri/ians 7 b a small fraction ( ! empire4 ,9 ! prec$+ c5tury !y _h gone on det]iorat+ 9 good s5se & mo/ probably !re=e 9 moral wor?1 & _h made no su* rapid progress 9 numb]s z to imply t by ! m]e process ( conv]sion !y w\ld ev] ,*ri/ianize ! empire4 ,t ! conv]sion ( ,con/ant9e1 su* z x 01 7= he 0 baptiz$ only j be=e dea?17 0 dictat$ by m]e worldly consid]ations1 few mod]n ,*ri/ians w d5y4 ,yet a great fact is "h impli$2 viz41 t ,*ri/ianity 0 adopt$ z a /ate-religion1 because ( ! great political p[] accru+ f ! organization ( ! *ur*es & ! devotion ( ,*ri/ians to _! ecclesia/ical citiz5%ip4 ,roman /atesm5 well knew t a hundr$ ?\s& ,roman citiz5s devot$ to ! int]e/s ( ,rome1 c\ld keep 9 subjection a population ( t5 millions :o 7 de/itute ( any int5se patriotism & _h no c5tral objects ( atta*m5t4 ,! ,*ri/ian *ur* _h %[n its imm5se resi/+ p[] & its t5aci\s union1 9 ! p]secution by ,gal]ius2 & ,con/ant9e 0 disc]n+ en\gh to see ! va/ political importance ( w9n+ ov] su* a body2 :i*1 ?\gh b a small fraction ( ! :ole empire1 0 ! only p>ty :i* c\ld give coh]5ce to t empire1 ! only "o :i* _h en?usia/ic adh]5ts 9 e prov9ce1 ! only "o on ^: resolute devotion x 0 possible = a p>tizan to rely securely4 ,! brav]y & fai?ful atta*m5t ( ,*ri/ian regim5ts 0 a lesson n lo/ ^u ,con/ant9e2 & we may say1 9 "s s5se1 t ! ,*ri/ian soldi]s 9 8 armies conqu]$ ! empire 7t is1 ! imp]ial appo9tm5ts7 = ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ,paganism subsi/$1 ev5 9 spite ( imp]ial allurem5ts1 until at l5g? ! sword ( ,!odosius viol5tly suppress$ hea!n wor%ip4 ,s also1 x 0 ! spe> ( ,*>lemagne :i* drove ! ,saxons to baptism1 & decid$ ! extirpation ( ,paganism f ,teutonic ,europe4 ,!re is no?+ 9 all ?is to di/+ui% ! outw>d hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity f t ( ,mohamm$ism4 ,b>b>\s tribes1 n[ & !n1 v5]at+ ! sup]iority ( our k1 adopt our religion3 s h ,pagan nations 9 ,africa volunt>ily become ,mussulmans4 ,b nei!r we nor !y c appeal to any case1 :]e an old ,/ate-religion has yield$ )\t w>like compulsion to ! =ce ( heav5ly tru?1--*>m we nev] s wisely4 ,! :ole influ5ce :i* ,*ri/ianity ex]ts ov] ! _w at l>ge dep5ds on ! political hi/ory ( mod]n ,europe4 ,! ,*ri/ianity ( ,asia & ,abyss9ia is p]haps z pure & z respectable 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury z x 0 9 ! f\r? & fif?1 yet no good or great de$s come =? out ( x1 ( su* a k9d t ,*ri/ian disputants d>e to appeal to !m ) triumph4 ,! politico-religi\s & v peculi> hi/ory ( ,european ,*ri/5dom has alone elevat$ ! mod]n _w2 & z ,gibbon rem>ks1 ?is :ole hi/ory has directly dep5d$ on ! fate ( ! great battles ( ,t\rs betwe5 ! ,moors & ! ,franks4 ,! defeat ( ,mohamm$ism by ,*ri/5dom c]ta9ly has n be5 effect$ by spiritual weapons4 ,! soldi] & ! /atesman h done to ! full z mu* z ! prie/ to secure ,europe = ,*ri/ianity1 & w9 a ,*ri/5dom ( :i* ,*ri/ians c be pr\d4 ,z = ! ,*ri/5dom ( ,asia1 ! apologi/s ( ,*ri/ianity simply ignore x4 ,) ^! facts1 h[ c x be pret5d$ t ! ext]nal hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity po9ts to an exclusively div9e orig98 ,! au?or ( ! ,eclipse ( ,fai? has d]id$ me = despat*+ 9 two p>agraphs :at occupi$ ,gibbon's :ole fifte5? *apt]2 b ?is au?or1 "h z always1 misrepres5ts me4 ,gibbon is exhibit+ & develop+ ! deep-seat$ causes ( ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity be=e ,con/ant9e1 & he by no means exhau/s ! subject4 ,i am comp>+ ! o/5sible & notori\s facts conc]n+ ! outw>d conque/ ( ,*ri/ianity ) ^? ( o!r religions4 ,to acc\nt = ! e>ly gr[? ( any religion1 ,*ri/ian1 ,mussulman1 or ,mormonite1 is always difficult4 ,,iii4 ,! moral advantages :i* we owe to ,*ri/ianity h be5 exagg]at$ by ! same p>ty _s1 z if !re 7 9 !m any?+ miracul\s4 #a4 ,we are told t ,*ri/ianity is ! decisive influ5ce :i* has rais$ womank9d3 ?is does n appe> to be true4 ,! old ,roman matron 01 relatively to h] husb&1#ab morally z high z 9 mod]n ,italy3 nor is !re any gr\nd = suppos+ t mod]n wom5 h advantage ov] ! anci5t 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal1 :]e ,g]manic h be5 c\nt]act$ by ,moori% influ5ces4 ,! relative position ( ! sexes 9 ,hom]ic ,greece exhibits no?+ mat]ially diff]5t f ! pres5t day4 ,9 ,arm5ia & ,syria p]haps ,*ri/ianity has done ! s]vice ( ext+ui%+ polygamy3 ?is is cr$itable1 ?\gh n[ise miracul\s4 ,judaism also unle>nt polygamy1 & made an unbidd5 improvem5t ^u ,moses4 ,9 %ort1 only 9 c\ntries :]e ,g]manic s5tim5t has tak5 root1 d we see m>ks ( any elevation ( ! female sex sup]ior to t ( ,pagan antiquity2 & z ?is elevation ( ! ,g]man woman 9 h] deepe/ ,paganism 0 already /rik+ to ,tacitus & 8 contempor>ies1 x is highly unreasonable to claim x z an a*ievem5t ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 z prop\nd$ by ,paul1 is n at all s hon\rable to woman z t :i* ,g]man s\ndness ( he>t has e/abli%$4 ,) ,paul#ac ! sole reason = m>riage is1 t a man may gratify in/9ct )\t s94 ,he tea*es1 t b = ?is object x w\ld be bett] n to m>ry4 ,he wi%es t all 7 9 ?is respect z free z himself1 & calls x a special gift ( ,god4 ,he does n enc\rage a man to desire a mutual s\l intimately to %>e griefs & joys2 "o 9 :om ! confid+ he>t c repose1 ^: smile %all rew>d & s(t5 toil1 ^: voice %all beguile sorr[4 ,he does n seem aw>e t ! fasc9ations ( woman ref9e & *a/5 society2 t virtu\s atta*m5t has 9 x an elem5t ( respect1 :i* aba%es & purifies1 & :i* %ields ! s\l1 ev5 :5 m>riage is def]r$2 nor yet1 t ! union ( two p]sons :o h no previ\s affection c seldom yield ! highe/ fruits ( matrimony1 b (t5 leads to ! sev]e/ temptations4 ,h[ %\ld he h kn[n all ?is8 ,c\rt%ip be=e m>riage did n exi/ 9 ! society op5 to him3 h5ce he treats ! propriety ( giv+ away a maid51 z "o 9 :i* h] consci5ce1 h] likes & dislikes1 are n conc]n$3 #a ,cor4 vii4 #cg1 #ch4 ,if ! law leaves ! p>5t p[] ov] 8 own w & imposes no necessity to give h] away1 ,paul decid$ly advises to keep h] unm>ri$4 ,! au?or ( ! ,apocalypse1 a writ] ( ! fir/ c5tury1 :o 0 receiv$ 9 ! second z ,john ! apo/le1 holds up a yet m degrad+ view ( ! matrimonial relation4 ,9 "o ( 8 visions he exhibits #add1jjj *os5 sa9ts1 p]petual att5dants ( ! ,lamb1 & places ! c>d9al po9t ( _! sanctity 9 ! fact1 t !y 7 n defil$ ) wom51 b 7 virg9s4 ,m>riage1 !re=e1 is defilem5t6 ,prote/ant writ]s /ruggle 9 va9 aga9/ ?is obvi\s mean+ ( ! passage4 ,aga9/ all analogy ( ,scriptural metaphor1 !y gratuit\sly pret5d t wom5 mean idolatr\s religions3 namely1 because 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! ,jewi% ,*ur* is p]sonifi$ z a virg9 betro!d to ,god1 & an idol is spok5 ( z h] p>am\r4 ,z a result ( ! apo/olic doctr9es1 9 ! second1 ?ird1 & foll[+ c5turies1 v gross views conc]n+ ! relation ( ! sexes prevail$1 & h be5 ev]y:]e transmitt$ :]e m5's morality is exclusively#ad =m$ f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! m>riage s]vice ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 :i* incorporates ! ,paul9e doctr9e is felt by ,engli% brides & bridegrooms to conta9 :at is s (f5sive & degrad+1 t _m cl]gym5 m]cifully make unlawful omissions4 ,paul _h inde$ expressly d5\nc$ prohibitions ( m>riage4 ,9 m]ely dissuad+ x1 he gave advice1 :i*1 f 8 limit$ horizon & "u 8 expectation ( ! spe$y return ( ,*ri/1 0 s5sible & good2 b :5 ?is advice1 ) all its reasons1 0 made on oracle ( et]nal wisdom1 x g5]at$ ! monki% notions conc]n+ womanhood4 ,if ! desire ( a wife is a weakness1 :i* ! apo/le w\ld gladly h =bidd51 only t he fe>$ worse consequ5ces1 an en?usia/ic y\? _c b inf] t x is a high] /ate ( p]fection n to desire a wife1 & !re=e aspires to ! cr[n ( virg9ity4 ,"h at once is full-gr[n monk]y4 ,h5ce t debasem5t ( ! imag9ation1 :i* is direct$ p]petually to ! l[e/1 in/ead ( ! highe/ side ( ! female nature4 ,h5ce ! disgu/+ admiration & invocation ( ,m>y's p]petual virg9ity4 ,h5ce ! transc5d5tal doctr9e ( h] immaculate conception f ,anne1 ! gr&mo!r ( ,god4 ,9 ! above my critics h repres5t$ me to say t ,*ri/ianity has done no?+ = wom54 ,i h n said s1 b t :at x has done has be5 exagg]at$4 ,i say3 ,if ! !ory ( ,*ri/ianity is to take cr$it f ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom1 x mu/ also receive discr$it4 ,tak+ 9 ! :ole sy/em ( nuns & celibates1 & ! doctr9e :i* su/a9s x1 ! root ( :i* is apo/olic1 ,i d\bt :e!r any balance ( cr$it rema9s ov] f ?is side ( ,*ri/ian hi/ory4 ,i am well aw>e t ! democratic doctr9e ( ! equality ( s\ls has a t5d5cy to elevate wom51--& ! poor] ord]s too2 b ?is is n ! :ole ( actual ,*ri/ianity1 :i* is a v het]og5e\s mass4 #b4 ,aga93 ! mod]n doctr9e1 by aid ( :i* ,we/ ,indian slav]y has be5 ext]m9at$1 is (t5 put =w>d z ,*ri/ian2 b ,i _h always disc]n$ t x 0 n ,biblical1 & t1 9 respect to ?is great triumph1 undue cr$it has be5 claim$ = ! fix$ ,biblical & au?oritative doctr9e4 ,z ,i h be5 greatly misund]/ood 9 my fir/ edition1 ,i am induc$ to exp& ?is topic4 ,sir ,george ,/eph51#ae aft] describ+ ! long /ruggle 9 ,engl& aga9/ ! ,we/ ,indian int]e/ & o!r ob/acles1 says1 t1 = "s "t1 wor/ ( all1 we f\nd ! p1 n actually aga9/ u1 b apa!tic1 le?>gic1 incr$ul\s1 indiff]5t4 ,x 0 !n1 & n till !n1 t we s\nd$ ! "r note1 & t\*$ a *ord t nev] ceas$ to vibrate4 ,to uphold slav]y 0 a crime aga9/ ,god6 ,x 0 a ,,novel ,,doctr9e1 b x 0 a cry t 0 he>d1 = x w\ld be he>d4 ,! national consci5ce 0 awak5$ to inquiry1 & inquiry soon produc$ conviction4 ,sir ,george ju/ly calls ! doctr9e novel4 ,z develop$ 9 ! controv]sy1 x laid d[n ! g5]al proposition1 t m5 & wom5 are n1 & _c be *attels2 & t all human enactm5ts :i* decree ?is are morally null & void1 z s9n+ aga9/ ! high] law ( nature & ( ,god4 ,& ! reason ( ?is lies 9 ! ess5tial contra/ ( a moral p]sonality & *attel4 ,crim9als may des]ve to be b\nd & sc\rg$1 b !y d n cease to be p]sons1 nor inde$ d ev5 ! insane4 ,s9ce e man is a p]son1 he _c be a piece ( prop]ty1 nor has an own] any j & moral claim to 8 s]vices4 ,usage1 s f> f conf]r+ ?is claim1 increases ! total am\nt ( inju/ice2 ! long] an innoc5t man is =cibly kept 9 slav]y1 ! great] ! rep>ation to :i* he is entitl$ = ! oppressive immorality4 ,?is doctr9e ,i n[ believe to be irrefutable tru?1 b ,i disbeliev$ x :ile ,i ?\ght ! ,scripture au?oritative2 because ,i f\nd a v diff]5t doctr9e !re--a doctr9e :i* is ! argum5tative /ronghold ( ! ,am]ican slavehold]4 ,paul s5t back ! fugitive ,onesimus to 8 ma/] ,philemon1 ) k9d recomm5dations & apologies = ! slave1 & a t5d] *>ge to ,philemon1 t he w\ld receive ,onesimus z a bro!r 9 ! ,"l1 s9ce he _h be5 conv]t$ by ,paul 9 ! int]val2 b ?is v recomm5dation1 full ( affection z x is1 virtually recognizes ! moral rights ( ,philemon to ! s]vices ( 8 slave2 & h9t+ t if ,onesimus /ole any?+1 ,philemon %\ld n[ =give him1 ,paul %[s p]fect ins5sibility to ! fact t ! ma/] :o deta9s a slave 9 captivity aga9/ 8 w1 is guilty himself ( a cont9ual !ft4 ,:at says ,mrs4 ,bee*] ,/[e's ,cassy to ?is8 ,/eal+6--,!y :o /eal body & s\l ne$ n talk to u4 ,e "o ( ^! bills is /ol5--/ol5 f poor />v+1 sweat+ creatures4 ,n[ ,onesimus1 9 ! v act ( tak+ to flight1 %[$ t he _h be5 submitt+ to s]vitude aga9/ 8 w1 & t ! h\se ( 8 own] _h previ\sly be5 a prison to him4 ,to suppose t ,philemon has a pecuni>y int]e/ 9 ! return ( ,onesimus to "w )\t wages1 implies t ! ma/] habitually /eals ! slave's e>n+s2 b if he loses no?+ by ! flight1 he has n be5 wrong$ by x4 ,su* is ! mod]n doctr9e1 develop$ out ( ! fundam5tal fact t p]sons are n *attels2 b x is to me wond]ful t x %\ld be ne$ful to prove to any "o1 t ?is is n ! doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,paul & ,pet] deliv] excell5t *>ges to ma/]s 9 reg>d to ! treatm5t ( _! slaves1 b )\t any h9t to !m t !re is an inju/ice 9 claim+ !m z slaves at all4 ,t slav]y1 z a sy/em1 is ess5tially immoral1 no ,*ri/ian ( ^? days seems to h suspect$4 ,yet x exi/$ 9 its wor/ =ms "u ,rome4 ,:ole gangs ( slaves 7 m]e tools ( capitali/s1 & 7 numb]$ l cattle1 ) no moral relation%ip to ! own]2 "y wom5 ( beautiful p]son 7 sold z articles ( voluptu\sness4 ,( c\rse e su* fact 0 look$ ^u by ,*ri/ians z hateful & dreadful2 yet1 ,i say1 x did n lead !m to t moral condemnation ( slav]y1 z su*1 :i* has won ! mo/ signal victory 9 mod]n times1 & is de/9$1 ,i tru/1 to w9 "o f> great]4 ,a fri5dly review] replies to ?is1 t ! apa?y ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians to ! intr9sic iniquity ( ! slave sy/em rose out ( _! expectation ( an imm$iate close ( ?is _w's affairs4 ,! only reason :y ,paul sanction$ cont5tm5t ) 8 condition 9 ! conv]t$ slave1 01 t = s %ort a "t x 0 n wor? :ile = any man to *ange 8 /ate4 ,i agree to ?is2 b x does n alt] my fact3 on ! contr>y1 x confirms :at ,i say1--t ! ,biblical morality is n f9al tru?4 ,to acc\nt = an error surely is n to d5y x4 ,ano!r writ] has said on ! above3 ,let me suppose y animat$ to g z mission>y to ! ,ea/ to prea* ?is 7,mr4 ,newman's7 spiritual sy/em3 w\ld y1 9 addition to all ?is1 publicly d5\nce ! social & political evils "u :i* ! nations groan8 ,if s1 y\r spiritual projects w\ld soon be p]fectly und]/ood1 & summ>ily dealt )4--,x is va9 to say1 t1 if commission$ by ,heav51 & end[$ ) p[] ( work+ miracles1 y w\ld d s2 = y _c tell "u :at limitations y\r commission w\ld be giv53 x is pretty c]ta91 t x w\ld leave y to "w a moral & spiritual sy/em by moral & spiritual means1 & n all[ y to turn ! _w upside d[n1 & m5daci\sly tell x t y came only to prea* peace1 :ile e syllable y utt]$ w\ld be an inc5tive to s$ition4--,eclipse ( ,fai?1 p4 #dai4 ,?is writ] supposes t he is attack+ me1 :5 e l9e is an attack on ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity4 ,h ,i pret5d$ p[] ( work+ miracles8 ,h ,i imag9$ or desir$ t miracle w\ld %ield me f p]secution8 ,did ,jesus n publicly d5\nce ! social & political evils ( ,juda8 0 he n summ>ily dealt )8 ,did he n "k t 8 doctr9e w\ld s5d on e>? n peace1 b a sword8 & 0 he m5daci\s 9 say+1 ,peace ,i leave unto y8 or 7 ! angels m5daci\s 9 proclaim+1 ,peace on e>?1 goodwill among m58 ,0 n e syllable t ,jesus utt]$ 9 ! disc\rse ( ,mat?4 xxiii41 an inc5tive to s$ition8 & does ?is writ] judge x to be m5dacity1 t ,jesus op5$ by advis+ to ,,obey ! v m51 :om he proce$s to vilify at l>ge z immoral1 oppressive1 hypocritical1 bl9d1 & de/9$ to ! damnation ( hell8 ,or h ,i any:]e blam$ ! apo/les because !y did n exasp]ate wick$ m5 by direct attacks8 ,x is impossible to answ] su* a writ] z ?is2 = he elaborately misses to t\* :at ,i h said4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is r too mu* to require me to def5d ,jesus f 8 assault4 ,*ri/ian prea*]s did n escape ! imputation ( turn+ ! _w upside d[n1 & at l5g?1 9 "s s5se1 effect$ :at 0 imput$4 ,x is matt] ( conjecture1 :e!r any great] convulsion w\ld h happ5$1 if ! apo/les _h done z ! ,quak]s 9 ,am]ica4 ,no ,quak] holds slaves3 :y n8 ,because ! ,quak]s tea* _! memb]s t x is an ess5tial immorality4 ,! slave-hold+ /ates are inf9itely m alive & jeal\s to keep up _! peculi> in/itution1 ?an 0 ! ,roman gov]nm5t2 yet ! ,quak]s h caus$ no political convulsion4 ,i confess1 to me x seems1 t if ,paul1 & ,john1 & ,pet]1 & ,james1 _h done z ^! ,quak]s1 ! imp]ial adm9i/ration w\ld h look$ on x z a h>mless ecc5tricity ( ! sect1 & n z an inc5tive#af to s$ition4 ,b be ?is z x may1 ,i did n say :at else ! apo/les might h succe$$ to en=ce2 ,i m]ely po9t$ out :at x 0 t !y actually taught1 & t1 z a fact1 !y did n decl>e slav]y to be an immorality & ! base/ ( !fts4 ,if any "o ?9ks _! c\rse 0 m wise1 he may be "r or wrong1 b 8 op9ion is 9 itself a concession ( my fact4 ,z to ! hi/orical progress ( ,*ri/ian practice & doctr9e on ?is subject1 x is1 z usual1 mix$ ( good & evil4 ,! humanity ( good ,pagan emp]ors s(t5$ ! h>%ness ( ! laws ( bondage1 & manumission _h always be5 extremely common among/ ! ,romans4 ,( c\rse1 ! m humane religion ( ,*ri/ act$ /ill m p[]fully 9 ! same direction1 especially 9 inculcat+ ! propriety ( free+ ,*ri/ian slaves4 ,?is 0 cr$itable1 b n peculi>1 & is n a fact ( su* a nature z to add to ! exclusive claims ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,to e proselyt+ religion ! s5tim5t is s natural1 t no div9e _s is ne$$ to orig9ate & e/abli% x4 ,mohamm$ans also h a consci5ce aga9/ enslav+ ,mohamm$ans1 & g5]ally be/[ fre$om on a slave z soon z he adopts _! religion4 ,b no zeal = human fre$om has ev] gr[n out ( ! purely biblical & ecclesia/ical sy/em1 any m ?an out ( ! ,mohamm$an4 ,9 ! middle ages1 zeal = ! lib]ation ( s]fs fir/ rose 9 ! brea/s ( ! cl]gy1 aft] ! :ole population _h become nom9ally ,*ri/ian4 ,x 0 n m51 b ,*ri/ians1 :om ! cl]gy desir$ to make free3 x is h>d to say1 t !y ?\ght ,pagans to h any human rights at all1 ev5 to life4 ,nor is x correct to repres5t ecclesia/ical influ5ces z ! sole ag5cy :i* ov]?rew slav]y & s]fdom4 ,! desire ( ! k+s to raise up ! *>t]$ cities z a bridle to ! b>ons1 0 t :i* *iefly made ru/ic slav]y unt5able 9 its co>se/ =m2 = a villa9 :o escap$ into ! free cities c\ld n be recov]$4 ,9 lat] times1 ! fir/ public act aga9/ slav]y came f republican ,france1 9 ! madness ( a!i/ic en?usiasm2 :5 %e decl>$ black & :ite m5 to be equally free1 & lib]at$ ! negroes ( ,/4 ,dom+o4 ,9 ,brita91 ! battle ( social fre$om has be5 f\ght *iefly by t religi\s sect :i* re/s lea/ on ! lett] ( ,scripture4 ,! bi%ops1 & ! m le>n$ cl]gy1 h consi/5tly be5 apa!tic to ! duty ( ov]?r[+ ! slave sy/em4--,i 0 ?us l$ to see1 t "h also ! ,new ,te/am5t precepts mu/ n be receiv$ by me z any f9al & au?oritative law ( morality4 ,b ,i meet opposition 9 a qu>t] f :i* ,i _h lea/ expect$ x2--f "o :o admits ! imp]fection ( ! morality actually atta9$ by ! apo/les1 b av[s t ,*ri/ianity1 z a div9e sy/em1 is n to be id5tifi$ ) apo/olic doctr9e1 b ) ! doctr9e ultimately develop$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 moreov]1 ! ecclesia/ical doctr9e conc]n+ slav]y he alleges to be tru] ?an m9e1--,i mean1 tru] ?an t :i* ,i h exp\nd$ z held by mod]n abolitioni/s4 ,he approves ( ! pr9ciple ( claim+ fre$om1 n = m51 b = ,*ri/ians4 ,he says3 ,t ,*ri/ianity op5$ its arms at all to ! s]vile class 0 en\gh2 = 9 its embrace 0 ! sure promise ( emancipation4444 ,is x imput$ z a disgrace1 t ,*ri/ianity put conv]sion be=e manumission1 & br\ght !m to ,god1 ere x tru/$ !m ) !mselves8444 ,x creat$ ! simultane\s obligation to make ! ,pagan a conv]t1 & ! conv]t free4 444 ,if our au?or _h made 8 attack f ! opposite side1 & cont5d$ t its doctr9es 'prov$ too mu*' aga9/ s]vitude1 & assum$ ) too little qualification ! capacity ( ea* man = self-rule1 we %\ld h felt m hesitation 9 express+ our diss5t4 ,i feel unfeign$ surprize at ^! s5tim5ts f "o :om ,i s highly e/eem & admire2 & consid]+ t !y 7 writt5 at fir/ anonym\sly1 & p]haps "u pressure ( "t1 = a review1 ,i hope x is n presumptu\s 9 me to ?9k x possible t !y are ha/y1 & d n :olly express a delib]ate & f9al judgm5t4 ,i mu/ ?9k !re is "s misund]/&+2 = ,i h made no high claims ab\t capacity = self-rule1 z if laws & p5alties 7 to be done away4 ,b ! "q is1 %all human be+s1 :o 7z all ( u7 are imp]fect1 be controll$ by public law1 or by individual caprice8 ,0 n my review] int5d+ to advocate "s =m ( s]fdom :i* is compatible ) legal rights1 & recognizes ! s]f z a man2 n slav]y :i* pron\nces him a *attel8 ,s]fdom & appr5tice%ip we may p]haps leave to be reason$ d[n by economi/s & adm9i/rators2 slav]y prop] is :at ,i attack$ z ess5tially immoral4 ,return+ !n to ! argum5ts1 ,i reason aga9/ !m z if ,i did n "k _! au?or4--,i h di/9ctly av[$1 t ! ef=t to lib]ate ,*ri/ian slaves 0 cr$itable3 ,i m]ely add1 t 9 ?is respect ,*ri/ianity is no bett] ?an ,mohamm$ism4 ,b is x really no moral fault1--is x n a moral enormity1--to d5y t ,pagans h human rights8 ,t ,*ri/ianity op5$ its arms at all to ! s]vile class1 0 en\gh4 ,inde$6 ,!n ei!r unconv]t$ m5 h no natural "r to fre$om1 or ,*ri/ians may )hold a natural "r f !m4 ,"u ! plea ( br++ !m to ,god1 ,*ri/ians are to d5y by law1 to e slave :o refuses to be conv]t$1 ! rights ( husb& & fa!r1 rights ( p]sons1 rights ( prop]ty1 rights ov] 8 own body4 ,?us manumission is a bribe to make hypocritical conv]ts1 & ,*ri/ian sup]iority a plea = depriv+ m5 ( _! de>e/ rights4 ,is n fre$om old] ?an ,*ri/ianity8 ,does ! ,*ri/ian recomm5d 8 religion to a ,pagan by /eal+ 8 manhood & all t belongs to x8 ,truly1 if only ,*ri/ians h a "r to p]sonal fre$om1 :at h>m is !re 9 hunt+ & cat*+ ,pagans to make slaves ( !m8 ,& ?is 0 exactly ! developm5t ( ?\ght & doctr9e 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,! same prie/s :o taught t ,*ri/ians h moral rights to _! s9ews & sk91 to _! wives & *ildr51 & to ! fruit ( _! lab\r1 :i* ,pagans h n1 consi/5tly develop$ ! same fundam5tal idea ( ,*ri/ian sup]iority into ! lawfulness ( mak+ w> ^u ! hea!n1 & r$uc+ !m to ! /ate ( dome/ic animals4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is to h cr$it f ! =m]1 x mu/ also take ! cr$it ( ! latt]4 ,if cumulative evid5ce ( its div9e orig9 is f\nd 9 ! fact1 t ,*ri/5dom has lib]at$ ,*ri/ian slaves1 mu/ we =get ! cumulative evid5ce af=d$ by ! assum$ "r ( ! ,popes to c>ve out ! c\ntries ( ! hea!n1 & be/[ !m ) _! inhabitants on ,*ri/ian p[]s8 ,bo? results fl[ logically out ( ! same assumption1 & 7 develop$ by ! same s*ool4 ,b1 ,i am told1 a man mu/ n be fre$1 until we h asc]ta9$ 8 capacity = self-rule6 ,?is is inde$ a tyrannical assumption3 v9dicioe secundum s]vitutem4 ,m5 are n to h _! human rights1 until we ?9k !y w n abuse !m6 ,prev5tion is to be us$ aga9/ ! hi!rto innoc5t & injur$6 ,! pr9ciple involves all t is arrogant1 viol5t1 & intrusive1 9 milit>y tyranny & civil espionage4 ,self-rule8 ,b abolitioni/s h no ?\ght ( exempt+ m5 f ! p5alties ( common law1 if !y transgress ! law2 we only desire t all m5 %all be equally subject$ to ! law1 & equally protect$ by x4 ,x is truly a /range inf]5ce1 t because a man is possibly defici5t 9 virtue1 !re=e he %all n be subject to public law1 b to private caprice3 z if ?is 7 a s*ool ( virtue1 & n em95tly an occasion ( vice4 ,tru] f> is ,hom]'s morality1 :o says1 t a man loses half 8 virtue on ! day he is made a slave4 ,z to ! pret5ce t slaves are n fit = fre$om1 ^? ,engli%m5 :o are old en\gh to rememb] ! awful pr$ictions :i* ,we/ ,indian plant]s us$ to p\r =? ab\t ! blood%$ & confusion :i* w\ld ensue1 if !y 7 h9d]$ by law f sc\rg+ black m5 & violat+ black wom51 might1 ,i ?9k1 af=d to despise ! dang] ( enact+ t m5 & wom5 %all be treat$ z m5 & wom51 & n made tools ( vice end victims ( cruelty4 ,if ev] sudd5 emancipation ought to h produc$ viol5ces & wrong f ! emancipat$1 x 0 9 ,jamaica1 :]e ! oppression & ill-w 0 s great2 yet ! fre$ blacks h n 9 fifte5 ye>s inflict$ on ! :ites z mu* lawless viol5ce z !y suff]$ !mselves 9 six mon?s ( appr5tice%ip4 ,x is ! ma/]s ( slaves1 n ! slaves1 :o are defici5t 9 self-rule2 & slav]y is d\bly dete/able1 because x depraves ! ma/]s4 ,:at degree ( worldly mod]ation & economical =e?\ght is ne$$ by a practical /atesman 9 effect+ ! lib]ation ( slaves1 x is no bus9ess ( m9e to discuss4 ,i h[ev] feel assur$1 t no con/itutional /atesman1 hav+ to cont5d aga9/ ! political votes ( num]\s & p[]ful slave-own]s1 :o believe _! =tunes to be at /ake1 w ev] be f\nd to und]take ! task at all1 aga9/ ! enorm\s resi/ance ( av>ice & habit1 unless religi\s tea*]s pi]ce ! consci5ce ( ! nation by d5\nc+ slav]y z an ess5tial wick$ness4 ,ev5 ! petty ,we/ ,indian int]e/s--a m]e fraction ( ! ,engli% empire--7 too p[]ful1 until ?is doctr9e 0 taught4 ,mr4 ,cann+ 9 p>liam5t spoke emphatically aga9/ slav]y1 b did n d>e to br+ 9 a bill aga9/ x4 ,:5 su* is ,engli% exp]i5ce1 ,i _c b expect ! same w prove true 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 reply+ to objectors1 ,i h be5 c>ri$ beyond my n>rative1 & h writt5 f my pres5t po9t ( view2 ,i may !re=e "h complete ?is "p ( ! argum5t1 ?\gh by anticipation4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t has beautifully laid d[n ,tru? & ,love z ! culm9at+ virtues ( man2 b x has imp]fectly disc]n$ t ,love is impossible :]e ,ju/ice does n g fir/4 ,reg>d+ ?is _w z de/9$ to be soon burnt up1 x despair$ ( improv+ ! f\ndations ( society1 & laid d[n ! pr9ciple ( ,non-resi/ance1 ev5 to ,injuri\s =ce1 9 t]ms s unlimit$1 z practically to ?r[ its entire weight into ! scale ( tyranny4 ,x recognises individuals :o call !mselves k+s or magi/rates 7h[ev] tyrannical & usurp+71 z ,p[]s orda9$ ( ,god3 x does n recognize nations z ,communities orda9$ ( ,god1 or z hav+ any p[] & au?ority :atsoev]1 z aga9/ pret5ti\s individuals4 ,to obey a k+1 is /r5u\sly en=c$2 to resi/ a usurp+ k+1 9 a patriotic cause1 is n contemplat$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z "u any circum/ances an imag9able duty4 ,patriotism has no recognis$ exi/5ce 9 ! ,*ri/ian records4 ,i am well aw>e ( ! cause ( ?is2 ,i d n say t x reflects any di%on\r on ! ,*ri/ian apo/les3 ,i m]ely rem>k on x z a calamit\s fact1 & d$uce t _! precepts _c & mu/ n be made ! suffici5t rule ( life1 or !y w /ill be 7z !y always h hi!rto be57 a ma9/ay ( tyranny4 ,! rights ( ,m5 & ( ,nations are :olly ignor$#ag 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b ! au?ority ( ,slave-own]s & ( ,k+s is v di/9ctly record$ = solemn religi\s sanction4 ,if x _h be5 :olly sil5t1 no "o c\ld h appeal$ to its decision3 b by consecrat+ m]e ,=ce1 x has promot$ ,inju/ice1 & 9 s f> has made t ,love impossible1 :i* x desir$ to e/abli%4 ,x is b "o "p ( ?is great subject1 t ! apo/les absolutely comm& a slave to give ob$i5ce to 8 ma/] 9 nil ?+s1 z to ! ,"l4 ,x is 9 va9 to d5y1 t ! mo/ grasp+ ( slave-own]s asks no?+ m ( abolitioni/s ?an t !y w\ld all adopt ,paul's cre$2 viz41 ackn[l$ge ! full au?ority ( own]s ( slaves1 tell !m t !y are responsible to ,god alone1 & *>ge !m to use _! p[] righte\sly & m]cifully4 #c4 ,,la/ly3 x is a lam5table fact1 t n only d sup]/itions ab\t ,wit*es1 ,gho/s1 ,devils1 & ,diabolical ,miracles d]ive a /rong support f ! ,bible1 7& 9 fact h be5 explod$ by no?+ b ! advance ( physical philosophy17--b :at is f> worse1 ! ,bible alone has n[h]e suffic$ to e/abli% an enlight5$ religi\s tol]ation4 ,?is is at fir/ seem+ly un9telligible3 = ! apo/les c]ta9ly w\ld h be5 int5sely %ock$ at ! ?\ght ( puni%+ m51 9 body1 purse1 or /ation1 = n be+ ,*ri/ians or n be+ or?odox4 ,nev]!less1 n only does ! ,old ,te/am5t ju/ify bloody p]secution1 b ! ,new tea*es#ah t ,god w visit m5 ) fi]y v5geance = hold+ an errone\s cre$2--t v5geance inde$ is 81 n ours2 b t /ill ! puni%m5t is des]v$4 ,x w\ld appe>1 t :]ev] ?is doctr9e is held1 possession ( p[] = two or ?ree g5]ations inevitably conv]ts m5 into p]secutors2 & 9 s f>1 we mu/ lay ! horrible desolations :i* ,europe has suff]$ f bigotry1 at ! doors1 n inde$ ( ! ,*ri/ian apo/les !mselves1 b ( t ,bibliolatry :i* has conv]t$ _! e>lie/ records into a p]fect & et]nal law4 ,,iv4 ,prophecy is g5]ally reg>d$ z a lead+ evid5ce ( ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,b ?is also _h prov$ itself to me a m & m m\ld]+ prop1 :e!r ,i leant on ^? :i* conc]n$ ,messiah1 ^? ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or ! miscellane\s pr$ictions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 #a4 ,z to ! ,messianic prophecies1 ,i began to be press$ ) ! difficulty ( prov+ aga9/ ! ,jews t ,messiah 0 to suff]4 ,! ,psalms g5]ally adduc$ = ?is purpose c 9 no way be fix$ on ,messiah4 ,! prophecy 9 ! #i? *apt] ( ,daniel looks speci\s 9 ! au?oriz$ ,engli% v]sion1 b has evaporat$ 9 ! ,greek translation & is n ackn[l$g$ 9 ! be/ ,g]man r5d]+s4 ,i /ill re/$ on ! #ecrd *apt] ( ,isaiah1 z alone =tify+ me aga9/ ! ,rabbis3 yet ) an unpleasantly increas+ p]ception t ! sy/em ( d\ble int]pretation 9 :i* ,*ri/ians indulge1 is a play+ fa/ & loose ) prophecy1 & is ess5tially di%one/ ,no "o dreams ( a second s5se until ! prim>y s5se proves false3 all false prophecy may be ?us scre5$4 ,! ?ree prophecies quot$ 7,acts xiii4 #cc--ce7 9 pro( ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 are simply pu]ile1 & des]ve no reply4--,i felt !re 0 some?+ uns\nd 9 all ?is4 #b4 ,! prophecies ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are n _m4 ,fir/1 we h t ( ,jesus 9 ,matt xxiv4 conc]n+ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 ,x is m>vell\sly exact1 d[n to ! capture ( ! city & mis]able enslavem5t ( ! population2 b at ?is po9t x becomes cle>ly & hopelessly false3 namely1 x decl>es1 t imm$iately aft] t tribulation1 ! sun %all be d>k5$1 c4 c41 & !n %all appe> ! sign ( ! ,son ( ,man 9 heav51 & !n %all all ! tribes ( ! e>? m\rn1 & !y %all see ! ,son ( ,man com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav5 ) p[] & great glory4 ,& he %all s5d 8 angels ) a great s\nd ( a trumpet1 & !y %all ga!r toge!r 8 elect1 c4 ,?is is a manife/ description ( ! ,great ,day ( ,judgm5t3 & ! prophecy goes on to add3 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,?is g5]ation %all n pass1 till all ^! ?+s be fulfill$4 ,:5 we ?us f9d a pr$iction to break d[n sudd5ly 9 ! middle1 we h ! well-kn[n m>k ( its e>li] "p be+ writt5 aft] ! ev5t3 & x becomes unreasonable to d\bt t ! detail$ annunciations ( ?is #bd? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 7 fir/ compos$ v soon aft] ! w> ( ,titus1 & nev] came f ! lips ( ,jesus at all4 ,next3 we h ! prophecies ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,n "o ( ^! c be int]pret$ c]ta9ly ( any human affairs1 except "o 9 ! #ag? *apt]1 :i* ! writ] himself has expla9$ to apply to ! emp]ors ( ,rome3 & t is prov$ false by ! ev5t4--,f>!r1 we h ,paul's prophecies conc]n+ ! apo/acy ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,^! are v /rik+1 z !y indicate 8 deep insight into ! moral t5d5cies ( ! community 9 :i* he mov$4 ,!y are high te/imonies to ! prophetic s\l ( ,paul2 & z su*1 ,i _c h any desire to weak5 _! =ce4 ,b !re is no?+ 9 !m t c e/abli% ! !ory ( sup]naturalism1 9 ! face ( 8 great mi/ake z to ! spe$y return ( ,*ri/ f heav54 #c4 ,z = ! ,old ,te/am5t1 if all its prophecies ab\t ,babylon & ,tyre & ,edom & ,i%mael & ! f\r ,mon>*ies 7 bo? true & sup]natural1 :at w\ld ?is prove8 ,t ,god _h be5 pleas$ to reveal some?+ ( com+ hi/ory to c]ta9 em95t m5 ( ,hebrew antiquity4 ,t is all4 ,we %\ld receive ?is conclusion ) an otiose fai?4 ,x c\ld n ord] or au?orize u to submit our s\ls & consci5ces to ! obvi\sly defective morality ( ! ,mosaic sy/em 9 :i* ^! prophets liv$2 & ) ,*ri/ianity x has no?+ to d4 ,at ! same "t ,i _h rea*$ ! conclusion t l>ge d$uctions mu/ be made f ! cr$it ( ^! old prophecies4 ,fir/1 z to ! ,book ( ,daniel3 ! #aa? *apt] is closely hi/orical d[n to ,antio*us ,epiphanes1 aft] :i* x sudd5ly becomes false2 & accord+ to diff]5t mod]n expositors1 leaps away to ,m>k ,antony1 or to ,napoleon ,buonap>te1 or to ! ,papacy4 ,h5ce we h a prima facie presumption t ! book 0 compos$ 9 ! reign ( t ,antio*us2 nor c x be prov$ to h exi/$ e>li]3 nor is !re 9 x "o ^w ( prophecy :i* c be %[n to h be5 fulfill$ 9 reg>d to any lat] era4 ,nay1 ! #g? *apt] also is confut$ by ! ev5t2 = ! great ,day ( ,judgm5t has n foll[$ ^u ! f\r?#ai ,mon>*y4 ,next1 z to ! prophecies ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,!y ab\nd1 z to ! times :i* prec$e ! c5tury ( ,hezekiah2 high] ?an :i* we _c trace ! ,p5tateu*4#bj ,no prophecy ( ! ,p5tateu* c be prov$ to h be5 fulfill$1 :i* _h n be5 already fulfill$ be=e ,hezekiah's day4 ,?irdly1 z to ! prophecies :i* conc]n v>i\s nations1--"s ( !m are rem>kably v]ifi$1 z t aga9/ ,babylon2 o!rs fail$1 z ^? ( ,ezekiel conc]n+ ,nebu*adnezz>'s w>s aga9/ ,tyre & ,egypt4 ,! fate pr$ict$ aga9/ ,babylon 0 delay$ = five c5turies1 s z to lose all moral mean+ z a div9e infliction on ! haughty city4--,on ! :ole1 x 0 cle> to me1 t x is a va9 attempt to =ge polemical weapons out ( ^! old prophets1 = ! s]vice ( mod]n cre$s4#ba ,v4 ,my /udy ( ,john's gospel _h n enabl$ me to su/a9 ,dr4 ,arnold's view1 t x 0 an impregnable =tress ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 discuss+ ! ,apocalypse1 ,i _h long be=e felt a d\bt :e!r we ought n r to assign t book to ,john ! apo/le 9 pref]5ce to ! ,gospel & ,epi/les3 b ?is rema9$ only z a d\bt4 ,! monotony also ( ! ,gospel _h (t5 excit$ my wond]4 ,b ,i 0 = ! fir/ "t (f5d$1 on consid]+ ) a fre% m9d an old fact1--! great simil>ity ( ! /yle & phraseology 9 ! ?ird *apt]1 9 ! te/imony ( ! ,bapti/1 z well z 9 ,*ri/'s address to ,nicodemus1 t ( ,john's own epi/le4 ,z ! ?ree fir/ gospels h _! family lik5ess1 :i* enables u on he>+ a text to "k t x comes out ( "o ( ! ?ree1 ?\gh we p]haps "k n :i*2 s is x ) ! ,gospel & ,epi/les ( ,john4 ,:5 a v]se is read1 we "k t x is ei!r f an epi/le ( ,john1 or else f ! ,jesus ( ,john2 b (t5 we _c tell :i*4 ,on contemplat+ ! m>k$ "* ( ?is ph5om5on1 ,i saw x infallibly#bb to indicate t ,john has made bo? ! ,bapti/ & ,jesus speak1 z ,john himself w\ld h spok52 & t we _c tru/ ! hi/orical reality ( ! disc\rses 9 ! f\r? gospel4 ,t n>rative introduces an entirely new phraseology1 ) a p]petual disc\rs+ ab\t ! ,fa!r & ! ,son2 ( :i* !re is b>ely ! g]m 9 ,mat!w3--& h]e) a new doctr9e conc]n+ ! heav5-desc5d$ p]sonality ( ,jesus4 ,t ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ _c be prov$ f ! ?ree fir/ gospels1 0 confess$ by ! e>ly ,*ur*1 & is prov$ by ! lab\r+ argum5ts ( ! mod]n ,tr9it>ians4 ,:at !n c be de>]1 ?an t ,john has put into ! m\? ( ,jesus ! doctr9es ( half a c5tury lat]1 :i* he desir$ to recomm5d8 ,:5 ?is conclusion press$ itself fir/ on my m9d1 ! "n ( ,/rauss 0 only beg9n+ to be kn[n 9 ,engl&1 & ,i did n read 8 great "w until ye>s aft] ,i _h come to a f9al op9ion on ?is :ole subject4 ,! contemptu\s reprobation ( ,/rauss 9 :i* x is fa%ionable = ,engli% writ]s to indulge1 makes x a duty to express my high s5se ( ! lucid =ce ) :i* he unansw]ably %[s t ! f\r? gospel 7:oev] ! au?or 07 is no fai?ful exhibition ( ! disc\rses ( ,jesus4 ,be=e ,i _h disc]n$ ?is s vividly 9 all its p>ts1 x _h become q c]ta9 to me t ! secret colloquy ) ,nicodemus1 & ! spl5did te/imony ( ! ,bapti/ to ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 7 :olly modell$ out ( ,john's own imag9ation4 ,& no soon] _h ,i felt h[ sev]e 0 ! %ock to ,john's g5]al v]acity1 ?an a new & ev5 grav] difficulty rose ^u me4 ,! /up5d\s & public ev5t ( ,laz>us's resurrection1--! circum/antial cross-exam9ation ( ! man born bl9d & heal$ by ,jesus1--made ^? two miracles1 9 ,dr4 ,arnold's view1 gr& & unassailable bulw>ks ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! m ,i consid]$ !m1 ! mighti] _! sup]iority seem$ to ^? ( ! o!r gospels4 ,!y 7 wr\ght at ,j]usalem1 "u ! eyes ( ! rul]s1 :o did _! utmo/ to detect !m1 & c\ld n2 b 9 fr5zi$ despair1 plott$ to kill ,laz>us4 ,h[ diff]5t f ! frequ5tly vague & :olesale /atem5ts ( ! o!r gospels conc]n+ ev5ts :i* happ5$ :]e no enemy 0 wat*+ to expose delusion6 _m ( !m 9 di/ant & unc]ta9 localities4 ,b x became ! m ne$ful to ask2 ,h[ 0 x t ! o!r writ]s omitt$ to tell ( su* decisive exhibitions8 ,7 !y s dull 9 logic1 z n to disc]n ! sup]iority ( ^!8 ,c !y possibly h kn[n ( su* miracles1 wr\ght "u ! eyes ( ! ,ph>isees1 & defy+ all _! malice1 & yet h told 9 pref]5ce o!r less conv9c+ m>vels8 ,! "q c\ld n be long dwelt on1 )\t elicit+ ! reply3 ,x is necess>y to believe1 at lea/ until ! contr>y %all be prov$1 t ! ?ree fir/ writ]s ei!r _h nev] he>d ( ^! two miracles1 or disbeliev$ !m4 ,?us ! acc\nt re/s on ! unsupport$ evid5ce ( ,john1 ) a weighty presumption aga9/ its tru?4 ,:51 :]e1 & 9 :at circum/ances did ,john write8 ,x is agre$1 t he wrote half a c5tury aft] ! ev5ts2 :5 ! o!r disciples 7 all dead2 :5 ,j]usalem 0 de/roy$1 h] prie/s & le>n$ m5 disp]s$1 h] nationality dissolv$1 h] coh]5ce annihilat$2--he wrote 9 a tongue =eign to ! ,jews ( ,pale/9e1 & = a =eign p1 9 a di/ant c\ntry1 & 9 ! bosom ( an admir+ & confid+ *ur*1 :i* 0 likely to v5]ate him ! m1 ! great] m>vels he ass]t$ conc]n+ _! ,ma/]4 ,he told !m miracles ( fir/rate magnitude1 :i* no "o be=e _h record$4 ,is x possible = me to receive !m on 8 ^w1 "u circum/ances s conducive to delusion1 & )\t a s+le *eck to ensure 8 accuracy8 ,q impossible2 :5 ,i h already se5 h[ little to be tru/$ is 8 report ( ! disc\rses & doctr9e ( ,jesus4 ,b 0 x necess>y to impute to ,john consci\s & wilful deception8 ,by no means absolutely necess>y2--z appe>$ by ! foll[+ tra9#bc ( ?\ght4 ,john tells u t ,jesus promis$ ! ,com=t]1 to br+ to _! memory ?+s t conc]n$ him2 oh t "o c\ld h ! satisfaction ( cross-exam9+ ,john on ?is subject6 ,let me suppose him put into ! witness-box2 & ,i w speak to him ?us3 ,o ag$ ,sir1 we und]/& t y h two memories1 a natural & a miracul\s "o3 ) ! =m] y reta9 ev5ts z o!r m52 ) ! latt] y recall :at _h be5 totally =gott54 ,be pleas$ to tell u n[4 ,is x f y\r natural or f y\r sup]natural memory t y d]ive y\r k ( ! miracle wr\ght on ,laz>us & ! long disc\rses :i* y n>rate8 ,if to ?is "q ,john 7 frankly to reply1 ,x is solely f my sup]natural memory1--f ! special action ( ! ,com=t] on my m9d3 !n %\ld ,i disc]n t he 0 p]fectly truehe>t$4 ,yet ,i %\ld also see1 t he 0 liable to mi/ake a rev]ie1 a m$itation1 a day-dream1 = a resuscitation ( 8 memory by ! ,_s4 ,9 %ort1 a writ] :o believes su* a doctr9e1 & does n ?9k x requisite to w>n u h[ mu* ( 8 tale comes f 8 natural1 & h[ mu* f 8 sup]natural memory1 =feits all claim to be receiv$ z an hi/orian1 witness+ by ! common s5ses to ext]nal fact4 ,8 "w may h religi\s value1 b x is t ( a novel or romance1 n ( a hi/ory4 ,x is !re=e sup]flu\s to "n ! _m o!r difficulties 9 detail :i* x conta9s4 ,?us 0 ,i flung back to ! ?ree fir/ gospels1 z1 ) all _! defects1--_! g5ealogies1 dreams1 visions1 devil-miracles1 & prophecies writt5 aft] ! ev5t1--yet on ! :ole1 m fai?ful z a picture ( ! true ,jesus1 ?an t :i* is exhibit$ 9 ,john4 ,& n[ my small root ( sup]naturalism clung ! tight] to ,paul1 ^: conv]sion /ill appe>$ to me a gu>antee1 t !re 0 at lea/ "s nucleus ( miracle 9 ,*ri/ianity1 al?\gh x _h n pleas$ ,god to give u any v def9ite & tru/wor?y acc\nt4 ,cle>ly x 0 an error1 to make miracles our f\ndation2 b might we n hold !m z a result8 ,doctr9e mu/ be our f\ndation2 b p]haps we might believe ! miracles = ! sake ( x4--,& 9 ! epi/les ( ,paul ,i ?\ght ,i saw v>i\s indications t he took ?is view4 ,! practical s\ndness ( 8 em95tly sob] und]/&+ _h appe>$ to me ! m signal1 ! m ,i disc]n$ ! atmosph]e ( errone\s philosophy :i* he necess>ily brea!d4 ,b he also prov$ a brok5 re$1 :5 ,i tri$ really to lean ^u him z a ma9 support4 #a4 ,! fir/ ?+ t broke on me conc]n+ ,paul1 01 t 8 moral sobriety ( m9d 0 no gu>antee aga9/ 8 mi/ak+ extravagances = miracle4 ,?is 0 manife/ to me 9 8 treatm5t ( ! gift ( tongues4 ,s long ago z 9 #ahcj1 :5 ! ,irv+ miracles comm5c$ 9 ,scotl&1 my p>ticul> att5tion _h be5 turn$ to ?is subject1 & ! ,irv+ite exposition ( ! ,paul9e ph5om5a appe>$ to me s correct1 t ,i 0 vehem5tly pr$ispos$ to believe ! miracul\s tongues4 ,b my fri5d ! ,iri% cl]gyman wrote me a full acc\nt ( :at he he>d ) 8 own e>s2 :i* 0 to ! effect--t none ( ! s\nds1 v[els or consonants1 7 =eign2--t ! /range words 7 m\ld$ aft] ! ,lat9 gramm>1 end+ 9 -abus1 -obus1 -ebat1 -avi1 c41 s z to d5ote pov]ty ( inv5tion r ?an spiritual ag5cy2--& t !re 0 no int]pretation4 ,! la/ po9t decid$ me1 t any belief :i* ,i _h 9 x mu/ be = ! pres5t unpractical4 ,soon aft]1 a fri5d ( m9e appli$ by lett] = in=mation z to ! facts to a v acute & pi\s ,scot*man1 :o _h become a believ] 9 ^! miracles4 ,! fir/ reply gave u no facts :atev]1 b 0 a declamatory exhortation to believe4 ,! second 0 no?+ b a lam5tation ov] my fri5d's unbelief1 because he ask$ aga9 = ! facts4 ,?is %[$ me1 t !re 0 excitem5t & delusion3 yet ! g5]al ph5om5a appe>$ s simil> to ^? ( ! *ur* ( ,cor9?1 t ,i suppos$ ! p]sons mu/ unaw>es h copi$ ! ext]ior manife/ations1 if1 aft] all1 !re 0 no reality at bottom4 ,?ree ye>s suffic$ to explode ^! tongues2 & f "t to "t ,i _h an uneasy s5se1 h[ mu* discr$it !y ca/ on ! ,cor9?ian miracles4 ,me&]'s discussion on ! #bnd ,*apt] ( ! ,acts fir/ op5$ to me ! c]ta9ty1 t ,luke 7or ! au?ority :om he foll[$7 has exagg]at$ into a gift ( languages :at _c h be5 ess5tially diff]5t f ! ,cor9?ian1 & 9 %ort f ! ,irv+ite1 tongues4 ,?us ,luke's n>rative has trans=m$ into a spl5did miracle1 :at 9 ,paul is no miracle at all4 ,x is true t ,paul speaks ( int]pretation ( tongues z possible1 b )\t a h9t t any v]ification 0 to be us$4 ,besides1 :y %\ld a ,greek n speak ,greek 9 an assembly ( 8 own c\ntrym58 ,is x cr$ible1 t ! ,_s %\ld inspire "o man to utt] un9telligible s\nds1 & a second to int]pret ^!1 & !n give ! assembly endless tr\ble to f9d out :e!r ! int]pretation 0 pret5ce or reality1 :5 ! :ole difficulty 0 gratuit\s8 ,we grant t !re may be good reasons = :at is p>adoxical1 b we ne$ ! /rong] pro( t x is a reality4 ,yet :at 9 fact is !re8 & :y %\ld ! gift ( tongues 9 ,cor9?1 z describ$ by ,paul1 be treat$ ) m respect ?an 9 ,newman ,/reet1 ,london8 ,i c\ld f9d no o!r reply1 ?an t ,paul 0 too sob]-m9d$3 yet 8 own description ( ! tongues is t ( a b>b>ic j>gon1 :i* makes ! *ur* appe> z if x 7 mad1 & :i* is only r$eem$ f contempt by miracul\s int]pretation4 ,9 ! ,acts we see t ?is ph5om5on p]vad$ all ! ,*ur*es2 f ! day ( ,p5teco/ onw>d x 0 look$ on z ! /&>d m>k ( ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s2 & 9 ! conv]sion ( ,cornelius x 0 ! ju/ification ( ,pet] = admitt+ uncircumcis$ ,g5tiles3 yet n once is int]pretation allud$ to1 except 9 ,paul's epi/le4 ,paul c\ld n g aga9/ ! :ole ,*ur*4 ,he held a logic too mu* 9 common ) ! re/1 to d5\nce ! tongues z m]e c>nal excitem5t2 b he does anxi\sly degrade !m z ( l[e/ spiritual value1 & :olly prohibits !m :]e !re is no int]pret]4 ,to c>ry out ?is rule1 w\ld p]haps h suppress$ !m entirely4 ,?is h[ev] %[$ me1 t ,i c\ld n re/ on ,paul's practical wisdom1 z secur+ him aga9/ speculative halluc9ations 9 ! matt] ( miracles2 = inde$ he says3 ,i ?ank my ,god1 t ,i speak ) tongues m ?an ye all4 #b4 ,to ano!r broad fact ,i _h be5 a/oni%+ly bl9d1 ?\gh ! tru? ( x fla%$ ^u me z soon z ,i he>d x nam$2--t ,paul %[s total unconc]n to ! human hi/ory & e>?ly tea*+ ( ,jesus1 nev] quot+ 8 doctr9e or any detail ( 8 actions4 ,! ,*ri/ ) :om ,paul held communion 0 a ris51 asc5d$1 exalt$ ,"l1 a heav5ly be+1 :o reign$ ov] ar*-angels1 & 0 ab\t to appe> z ,judge ( ! _w3 b ( ,jesus 9 ! fle% ,paul seems to "k no?+ beyond ! b>e fact t he did#bd humble himself to become man1 & pleas$ n himself4 ,ev5 9 ! v critical controv]sy ab\t meat & dr9k1 ,paul omits to quote ,*ri/'s doctr9e1 ,n t :i* goe? into ! m\? defile? ! man1 c4 ,he surely1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 :olly & cont5t$ly ignorant ( ! oral tea*+s ( ,jesus4 #c4 ,?is ?rew a new light on ! indep5d5t position ( ,paul4 ,t he anxi\sly refus$ to le>n f ! o!r apo/les1 & conf]r$ n ) fle% & blood1--n hav+ receiv$ 8 gospel ( _m b by ! revelation ( ,jesus ,*ri/--_h seem$ to me q suitable to 8 high pret5sions4 ,any novelties :i* might be 9 8 doctr9e1 ,i _h reg>d$ z m]e developm5ts1 gr[+ out ( ! common /em1 & gu>ante$ by ! same ,_s4 ,b ,i n[ saw t ?is indep5d5ce invalidat$ 8 te/imony4 ,he may be to u a sup]natural1 b he c]ta9ly is n a natural1 witness to ! tru? ( ,*ri/'s miracles & p]sonality4 ,x avails n to talk ( ! opportunities :i* he _h ( se>*+ into ! tru? ( ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 = we see t he did n *oose to avail himself ( ! common me?ods ( inve/igation4 ,he le>n$ 8 gospel by an int]nal revelation4#be ,he ev5 rec\nts ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ to him1 ye>s aft] 8 asc5sion1 z evid5ce co-ord9ate to 8 appe>ance to ,pet] & to ,james1 & to #ejj bre?r5 at once4 #a ,cor4 xv4 ,aga9 ! ?\ght is =c$ on u1--h[ diff]5t 0 8 logic f ours6 ,to see ! full =ce ( ! la/ rem>k1 we ought to conceive h[ _m que/ions a ,paley w\ld h wi%$ to ask ( ,paul2 & h[ _m details ,paley himself1 if he _h _h ! sight1 w\ld h felt x 8 duty to imp>t to 8 read]s4 ,_h ,paul ev] se5 ,jesus :5 alive8 ,h[ did he recognize ! miracul\s app>ition to be ! p]son :om ,pilate _h crucifi$8 ,did he see him z a man 9 a fle%ly body1 or z a glorifi$ heav5ly =m8 ,0 x 9 wak+1 or sleep+1 & if ! latt]1 h[ did he di/+ui% 8 div9e vision f a common dream8 ,did he see only1 or did he also h&le8 ,if x 0 a palpable man ( fle%1 h[ did he assure himself t x 0 a p]son ris5 f ! dead1 & n an ord9>y liv+ man8 ,n[ z ,paul is writ+ specially#bf to conv9ce ! incr$ul\s or to confirm ! wav]+1 x is c]ta9 t he w\ld h dwelt on ^! details1 if he _h ?\ght !m ( value to ! argum5t4 ,z he :olly suppresses !m1 we mu/ inf] t he held !m to be immat]ial2 & !re=e t ! evid5ce ) :i* he 0 satisfi$1 9 pro( t a man 0 ris5 f ! dead1 0 ei!r totally diff]5t 9 k9d f t :i* we %\ld n[ exact1 or exce$+ly inf]ior 9 rig\r4 ,x appe>s1 t he believ$ 9 ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 fir/1 on ! gr\nd ( prophecy3#bg secondly1 7,i feel x is n h>% or bold to add17 on v loose & :olly unsift$ te/imony4 ,= s9ce he does n af=d to u ! means ( sift+ & analyz+ 8 te/imony1 he _c h judg$ x our duty s to d2 & !re=e is n likely himself to h sift$ v n>r[ly ! te/imony ( o!rs4 ,conceive f>!r h[ a ,paley w\ld h dealt ) s a/\nd+ a fact1 s cru%+ an argum5t z ! appe>ance ( ! ris5 ,jesus to #ejj bre?r5 at once4 ,h[ w\ld he h extravagat$ & revell$ 9 pro(6 ,h[ w\ld he h work$ ! topic1 t ?is c\ld h be5 no dream1 no int]nal impression1 no va9 fancy1 b a solid indubitable fact6 ,h[ he w\ld h quot$ 8 au?orities1 detail$ _! te/imonies1 & giv5 _! names & *>act]s6 ,yet ,paul dispat*es ! affair 9 "o l9e1 gives no details & no special decl>ations1 & seems to see no great] weight 9 ?is decisive appe>ance1 ?an 9 ! vision to 8 s+le self4 ,he expects u to take 8 v vague ann\ncem5t ( ! #ejj bre?r5 z en\gh1 & x does n seem to occur to him t 8 read]s 7if !y ne$ to be conv9c$7 are entitl$ to expect full] in=mation4 ,?us if ,paul does n int5tionally sup]s$e human te/imony1 he r$uces x to its m9imum ( importance4 ,h[ c ,i believe at second h&1 f ! ^w ( "o :om ,i disc]n to hold s lax notions ( evid5ce8 ,yet :o ( ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s 0 sup]ior to ,paul8 ,he is reg>d$ z almo/ ! only educat$ man ( ! lead]s4 ,( 8 activity ( m9d1 8 moral sobriety1 8 practical tal5ts1 8 pr(\nd s9c]ity1 8 en?usia/ic self-devotion1 8 spiritual insight1 !re is no "q3 b :5 8 notions ( evid5ce are infect$ ) ! errors ( 8 age1 :at else c we expect ( ! elev51 & ( ! multitude8 #d4 ,paul's neglect ( ! e>?ly tea*+ ( ,jesus might 9 "p be imput$ to ! nonexi/5ce ( writt5 docum5ts & ! great difficulty ( le>n+ ) c]ta9ty :at he really _h taught4--,?is agre$ p]fectly well ) :at ,i already saw ( ! untru/wor?9ess ( our gospels2 b x op5$ a *asm betwe5 ! doctr9e ( ,jesus & t ( ,paul1 & %[$ t ,paul9ism1 h[ev] good 9 itself1 is n assur$ly to be id5tifi$ ) primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,moreov]1 x became cle>1 :y ,james & ,paul are s contra/$4 ,james reta9s ) little *ange ! tradition>y doctr9e ( ! ,j]usalem ,*ri/ians2 ,paul has sup]add$ or sub/itut$ a gospel ( 8 own4 ,?is 01 ,i believe1 po9t$ly ma9ta9$ #be ye>s ago by ! au?or ( ,n ,paul1 b ,jesus2 a book :i* ,i h nev] read4 ,,vii4 ,i _h n[ to ask1--,:]e are ! twelve m5 ( :om ,paley talks1 z te/ify+ to ! resurrection ( ,*ri/8 ,paul _c be quot$ z a witness1 b only z a believ]4 ,( ! twelve we d n ev5 "k ! names1 mu* less h we _! te/imony4 ,( ,james & ,jude !re are two epi/les1 b x is d\btful :e!r ei!r ( ^! is ( ! twelve apo/les2 & nei!r ( !m decl>e !mselves eyewitnesses to ,*ri/'s resurrection4 ,9 %ort1 ,pet] & ,john are ! only two4 ,( ^! h[ev]1 ,pet] does n atte/ ! bodily1 b only ! spiritual1 resurrection ( ,jesus2 = he says t ,*ri/ 0#bh put to dea? 9 fle%1 b made alive 9 _s1 #a ,pet iii4 #ah3 yet if ?is v]se _h be5 lo/1 8 op5+ address 7i4 #c7 w\ld h s$uc$ me into ! belief t ,pet] taught ! bodily resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,s dang]\s is x to believe miracles1 on ! au?ority ( words quot$ f a man :om we _c cross-exam9e6 ,?us1 once m1 ,john is left alone 9 8 te/imony2 & h[ insuffici5t t is1 has be5 said4 ,! "q also arose1 :e!r ,pet]'s te/imony to ! transfiguration 7#b ,pet4 i4 #ah71 0 an important support4 ,a fir/ objection might be drawn f ! sleep ascrib$ to ! ?ree disciples 9 ! gospels2 if ! n>rative 7 at all tru/wor?y4 ,b a second & great] difficulty arises 9 ! d\btful au!nticity ( ! second ,epi/le ( ,pet]4 ,ne&] positively decides aga9/ t epi/le4 ,among _m reasons1 ! simil>ity ( its second *apt] to ! ,epi/le ( ,jude is a c>d9al fact4 ,jude is suppos$ to be orig9al2 yet 8 allusions %[ him to be po/-apo/olic4 ,if s1 ! second ,epi/le ( ,pet] is cle>ly spuri\s4--,:e!r ?is 0 c]ta91 ,i c\ld n make up my m9d3 b x 0 manife/ t :]e su* d\bts may be hone/ly ent]ta9$1 no basis exi/s to f\nd a belief ( a great & significant miracle4 ,on ! o!r h&1 bo? ! ,transfiguration itself1 & ! fi]y de/ruction ( ,heav5 & ,e>? prophesi$ 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ?is epi/le1 are op5 to objections s s]i\s1 z my?ical imag9ations1 t ! "n ( ,pet] w h>dly gu>antee !m to ^? ) :om ! g5]al evid5ce = ! miracles 9 ! gospels has ?or\ghly brok5 d[n4 ,on ! :ole1 "o ?+ only 0 cle> conc]n+ ,pet]'s fai?2--t he1 l ,paul1 0 satisfi$ ) a k9d ( evid5ce = ! resurrection ( ,jesus :i* fell exce$+ly %ort ( ! dem&s ( mod]n logic3 & t x is absurd 9 u to believe1 b>ely because !y believ$4 ,footnote #a3 ,matt4 xii4 #ci1 xvi4 #d4 ,footnote #b3 ,john xx4 #bi4 ,footnote #c3 ,john xiv1 #aa4 ,9 x4 #cg1 #ch1 ! same idea seems to be int5d$4 ,s xv4 #bd4 ,footnote #d3 ,a review] errone\sly treats ?is z inculcat+ a d5ial ( ! possibility ( inw>d revelation4 ,x m]ely says1 t "s answ] 9 ne$$ to ^! que/ions2 & none 9 giv54 ,we c make out 79 my op9ion7 t dreams & inw>d impressions 7 ! =m ( sugge/ion tru/$ to2 b we d n le>n :at precautions 7 us$ aga9/ fooli% cr$ulity4 ,footnote #e3 ,if miracles 7 v\*saf$ on ! scale ( a new s5se1 x is ( c\rse conceivable t !y w\ld reveal new masses ( fact1 t5d+ to modify our moral judgm5ts ( p>ticul> actions3 b no?+ ( ?is c be made out 9 ,judaism or ,*ri/ianity4 ,footnote #f3 ,a fri5dly review] d]ides ?is passage z a v feeble objection to ! doctr9e ( ! ,absolute ,moral p]fections ( ,jesus4 ,x 9 "h r feebly /at$1 because at t p]iod ,i _h n fully work$ out ! ?\ght4 ,he seems to h =gott5 t ,i am n>rat+4 ,footnote #g3 ,an +5i\s g5tleman1 well v]s$ 9 hi/ory1 has put =? a volume call$ ,! ,re/oration ( ,fai?1 9 :i* he tea*es t ,i h no "r to a consci5ce or to a ,god1 until ,i adopt 8 hi/orical conclusions4 ,i leave 8 co-religioni/s to confute 8 port5t\s h]esy2 b 9 fact x is already done m ?an en\gh 9 a spl5did article ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,july1 #aheb4 ,footnote #h3 ,i seem to h be5 und]/ood n[ to say t a k ( ! ,bible 0 n a pre-requisite ( ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation4 ,:at ,i say is1 t at ?is p]iod ,i le>n$ ! /udy ( ! ,classics to h caus$ & det]m9$ t x %\ld !n take place2 moreov]1 ,i say t a free /udy ( o!r books ?an sacr$ ones is ess5tial1 & always 01 to conqu] sup]/ition4 ,footnote #i3 ,i am ask$ :y ,italy witness$ no improvem5t ( spiritual doctr9e4 ,! reply is1 t %e did4 ,! ,evangelical movem5t !re 0 quell$ only by ! ,imp]ial arms & ! ,inquisition4 ,i am also ask$ :y ,pagan ,lit]ature did n save ! anci5t *ur* f sup]/ition4 ,i h always und]/ood t ! va/ majority ( ,*ri/ian tea*]s dur+ ! decl9e 7 unacqua9t$ ) ,pagan lit]ature1 & t ! ,*ur* at an e>ly p]iod =bade x4 ,footnote #aj3 ,my fri5d ,james ,m>t9eau1 :o insi/s t a self-su/a9+ p[] 9 a religion is a ?+ intr9sically inconceivable1 ne$ n h c5sur$ me = com+ to ! conclusion t x does n exi/ 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 fact1 ,i entirely agree ) him2 b at ! "t ( :i* ,i "h write1 ,i _h only tak5 ! fir/ /ep 9 8 direction2 & ,i b>ely drew a negative conclusion1 to :i* he p]fectly ass5ts4 ,to my de> fri5d's capaci\s & k9dl+ m9d1 all ! ?\ght "h exp\nd$ are prosaic & common2 be+ to him q obvi\s1 s f> z !y are true4 ,he is "r 9 look+ d[n ^u !m2 &1 ,i tru/1 by 8 aid1 ,i h add$ to my wisdom s9ce ! "t ( :i* ,i write4 ,yet !y 7 to me discov]ies once1 & he mu/ n be displeas$ at my mak+ mu* ( !m 9 ?is connexion4 ,footnote #aa3 ,x is ! fault ( my critics t ,i am =c$ to tell ! read] ?is is exhibit$ 9 my ,hebrew ,mon>*y4 ,footnote #ab3 ,x 9 n to ! purpose to urge ! political m9ority ( ! ,roman wife4 ,?is 0 a m]e inf]5ce f ! high p[] ( ! bond ( ! husb&4 ,! fa!r _h "r ( dea? ov] 8 son1 & 7z ! lawy]s /at$ ! case71 ! wife 0 on ! level ( "o ( ! *ildr54 ,footnote #ac3 #a ,cor4 vii4 #b-i ,footnote #ad3 ,namely1 9 ! ,arm5ian1 ,syrian1 & ,greek *ur*es1 & 9 ! ,romi% *ur* 9 exact proportion z ,g]manic & poetical influ5ces h be5 repress$2 t is1 9 proportion z ! h]$it>y ,*ri/ian doctr9e has be5 kept pure f mod]n innovations4 ,footnote #ae3 ,9 a tract republi%$ f ! ,nor?ampton ,m]cury ,longman1 #ahec4 ,footnote #af3 ,! ,romans practis$ =nication at pleasure1 & held x ridicul\s to blame !m4 ,if ,paul _h claim$ au?ority to h9d] !m1 !y might h be5 greatly exasp]at$2 b !y _h n ! lea/ objection to 8 d5\nc+ =nication z immoral to ,*ri/ians4 ,:y n slav]y also8 ,footnote #ag3 ,i fe> x _c be d5i$ t ! zeal = ,*ri/ianity :i* began to arise 9 our upp] classes sixty ye>s ago1 0 l>gely prompt$ by a feel+ t its precepts repress all speculations conc]n+ ! rights ( man4 ,a simil> cause n[ influ5ces despots all ov] ,europe4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s ! elem5ts :i* !y dread1 & ^? gave a political cre$ to our ,puritans4 ,footnote #ah3 ,m ?an "o critic flatly d5ies ! fact4 ,x is suffici5t = me "h to say1 t su* is ! obvi\s int]pretation1 & su* hi/orically has be5 ! int]pretation ( v>i\s texts1--= in/ance1 #b ,!ss4 i4 #g3 ,! ,"l ,jesus %all be reveal$444 9 flam+ fire1 tak+ v5geance on !m t "k n ,god1 & t obey n ! ,gospel2 :o %all be puni%$ ) ev]la/+ de/ruction1 c4 ,su* aga9 is ! s5se :i* all popul> m9ds receive & mu/ receive f ,heb1 x4 #be-ca4--;,i am will+ to *ange tea*es into has always be5 und]/ood to tea*1 if my critics ?9k any?+ is ga9$ by x4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! f\r mon>*ies 9 *apt]s ii4 & vii1 are1 probably1 ! ,babylonian1 ! ,m$ian1 ! ,p]sian1 ! ,mac$onian4 ,int]pret]s h[ev] bl5d ! ,m$es & ,p]sians into "o1 & !n pret5d t ! ,roman empire is /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,footnote #bj3 ,! fir/ app>5t ref]5ce is by ,micah 7vi4 #e7 a contempor>y ( ,hezekiah2 :i* proves t an acc\nt conta9$ 9 our ,book ( ,numb]s 0 already famili>4 ,footnote #ba3 ,i h _h occasion to discuss mo/ ( ! lead+ prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 my ,hebrew ,mon>*y4 ,footnote #bb3 ,a critic is pleas$ to call ?is a m]e suspicion ( my own2 9 s writ+1 p simply evade my argum5t4 ,i d n ask !m to adopt my conviction2 ,i m]ely communicate x z m9e1 & wi% !m to admit t x is my duty to foll[ my own conviction4 ,x is ) me no m]e suspicion1 b a c]ta9ty4 ,:5 !y _c possibly give1 or pret5d1 any pro( t ! long disc\rses ( ! f\r? gospel h be5 accurately report$1 !y ought to be less sup]cili\s 9 _! claims ( unlimit$ belief4 ,if x is "r = !m to foll[ _! judgm5t on a purely lit]>y "q1 let !m n c>p at me = foll[+ m9e4 ,footnote #bc3 ,i am told t ?is def5ce ( ,john is fanciful4 ,x satisfies me provisionally2 b ,i d n hold myself b\nd to satisfy o!rs1 or to expla9 ,john's delusiv5ess4 ,footnote #bd3 ,phil4 ii4 #e-h2 ,rom4 xv4 #c4 ,! la/ sugge/s x 0 f ! ,psalms 7viz f ,ps4 lxix4 #i7 t ,paul le>n$ ! fact t ,*ri/ pleas$ n himself4 ,footnote #be3 ,"h1 aga91 ,i h be5 errone\sly und]/ood to say t !re _c be any int]nal revelation ( any?+4 ,int]nal tru? may be int]nally communicat$1 ?\gh ev5 s x does n become au?oritative1 or ju/ify ! receiv] 9 say+ to o!r m51 ,believe1 = ,i gu>antee x4 ,b a man :o1 on ! /r5g? ( an int]nal revelation believes an ext]nal ev5t1 7pa/1 pres5t1 or future17 is n a valid witness ( x4 ,n ,paley only1 nor ,prie/ley1 b ,james ,m>t9eau also1 w\ld dis[n 8 pret5ce to au?ority2 & ! m s1 ! m imp]i\s 8 claim t we believe on 8 ^w4 ,footnote #bf3 ,?is appe>s 9 v4 #b1 by :i* ye are sav$1--unless ye h believ$ 9 va9 c4 ,s v4 #ag-ai4 ,footnote #bg3 #a ,cor4 xv4 ,he rose aga9 ! ?ird day accord+ to ! ,scriptures4 ,?is mu/ app>5tly be a ref]5ce to ,hosea vi4 #b1 to :i* ! m>g9 ( ! ,bible ref]s4 ,!re is no o!r place 9 ! exi/+ ,old ,te/am5t f :i* we c imag9e him to h elicit$ ! ris+ on ! ?ird day4 ,"s ref] to ! type ( ,jonah4 ,ei!r ( ! two sugge/s h[ m>vell\sly weak a pro( satiat$ him4 ,footnote #bh3 ,su* is ! mo/ legitimate translation4 ,t 9 ! receiv$ v]sion is b>ely a possible mean+4 ,!re is no su* di/9ction ( prepositions z 9 & by 9 ?is passage4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,hi/ory ,,discov]$ ,,to ,,be ,,no ,,"p ,,( ,,religion4 ,aft] r5\nc+ any ,canon ( ,scripture or ,sacr$ ,lett] at ! end ( my f\r? p]iod1 ,i _h be5 =c$ to ab&on all ,second-h& ,fai? by ! end ( my fif?4 ,if ask$ :y ,i believ$ ?is or t1 ,i c\ld no long] say1 ,because ,pet]1 or ,paul1 or ,john believ$1 & ,i may ?or\ghly tru/ t !y _c mi/ake4 ,! "q n[ press$ h>d1 :e!r ?is 0 equival5t to r5\nc+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,und\bt$ly1 my positive belief 9 its miracles _h evaporat$2 b ,i _h n arriv$ at a positive disbelief4 ,i /ill felt ! actual b5efits & comp>ative excell5cies ( ?is religion too rem>kable a ph5om5on to be scor$ = defect ( pro(4 ,9 ,morals likewise x happ5s1 t ! able/ practical exp\nd]s ( tru? may make /range blund]s z to ! f\ndations & gr\nd ( belief3 :y 0 ?is impossible z to ! apo/les8 ,mean:ile1 x did beg9 to appe> to myself rem>kable1 t ,i cont9u$ to love & h pleasure 9 s mu* t ,i c]ta9ly disbeliev$4 ,i p]us$ a *apt] ( ,paul or ( ,luke1 or "s v]ses ( a hymn1 & al?\gh !y appe>$ to me to ab\nd ) error1 ,i f\nd satisfaction & pr(it 9 !m4 ,:y 0 ?is8 0 x all fond prejudice1--an absurd cl++ to old associations8 ,a little self-exam9ation enabl$ me to reply1 t x 0 no ill-gr\nd$ feel+ or gho/ ( pa/ op9ions2 b t my religion always _h be51 & /ill 01 a /ate ( s5tim5t t[>d ,god1 f> less dep5d5t on articles ( a cre$1 ?an once ,i _h unhesitat+ly believ$4 ,! ,bible is p]vad$ by a s5tim5t1#a :i* is impli$ ev]y:]e1--viz4 ! intimate sympa?y ( ! ,pure & ,p]fect ,god ) ! he>t ( ea* fai?ful wor%ipp]4 ,?is is t :i* is want+ 9 ,greek philosoph]s1 ,engli% ,dei/s1 ,g]man ,pan!i/s1 & all =mali/s4 ,?is is t :i* s (t5 edifies me 9 ,*ri/ian writ]s & speak]s1 :5 ,i ev] s mu* disbelieve ! lett] ( _! s5t5ces4 ,accord+ly1 ?\gh ,i saw m & m ( moral & spiritual imp]fection 9 ! ,bible1 ,i by no means ceas$ to reg>d x z a qu>ry :5ce ,i might dig preci\s metal1 ?\gh ! ore ne$$ a ref9+ analysis3 & ,i reg>d$ ?is z ! true/ ess5ce & mo/ vital po9t 9 ,*ri/ianity1--to sympa?ize ) ! great s\ls f :om its spiritual em95ce has fl[$2--to love1 to hope1 to rejoice1 to tru/ ) !m2--& n1 to =m ! same int]pretations ( an anci5t book & to take ! same views ( critical argum5t4 ,my hi/orical conception ( ,jesus _h s gradually melt$ into dimness1 t he _h rec$$ out ( my practical religion1 ,i knew n exactly :5 ,i believe t ,i mu/ h disus$ any di/9ct pray]s to him1 f a gr[+ op9ion t he ought n to be ! object ( wor%ip1 b only ! way by :om we approa* to ! ,fa!r2 & z 9 fact we ne$ no su* way at all1 ?is 0 79 ! result7 a *ange f practical ,di!ism to pure ,!ism4 ,8 m$iation 0 to me always a m]e "n1 &1 z ,i believe1 w\ld o!rwise h be5 mis*iev\s4#b--,simultane\sly a great unc]ta9ty _h gr[n on me1 h[ mu* ( ! disc\rses put into ! m\? ( ,jesus 0 really utt]$ by him2 s t ,i _h 9 no small measure to =m him anew to my imag9ation4 ,b if religion is address$ to1 & mu/ be judg$ by1 our moral faculties1 h[ c\ld ,i believe 9 t pa9ful & gratuit\s p]sonality1--,! ,devil8--,he also _h become a wan+ phantom to me1 p]haps f ! "t t ,i saw ! demoniacal miracles to be fictions1 & /ill m :5 pro(s ( manifold mi/ake 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t rose on me4 ,?is h[ev] took a solid =m ( positive disbelief1 :5 ,i inve/igat$ ! hi/ory ( ! doctr9e1--,i =get exactly 9 :at /age4 ,= x is manife/1 t ! old ,hebrews believ$ only 9 evil spirits s5t by ,god to d 8 bidd+1 & _h no idea ( a rebelli\s ,_s t rivall$ ,god4 ,t idea 0 fir/ imbib$ 9 ! ,babyloni% captivity1 & app>5tly !re=e mu/ h be5 adopt$ f ! ,p]sian ,ahriman1 or f ! ,melek ,ta\s1 ! ,%eitan /ill hon\r$ by ! ,yezidi ) my/]i\s fe>4 ,t ! s]p5t 9 ! e>ly "p ( ,g5esis d5ot$ ! same ,satan1 is probable en\gh2 b ?is only goes to %[1 t t n>rative is a leg5d import$ f f>!r ,ea/2 s9ce x is c]ta9 t ! subsequ5t ,hebrew lit]ature has no trace ( su* an ,ahriman4 ,! ,book ( ,tobit & its demon %[ h[ wise 9 ^! matt]s ! exiles 9 ,n9eveh 7 beg9n+ to be4 ,! ,book ( ,daniel manife/s1 t by ! "t ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes ! ,jews _h le>n$ ea* nation to h its gu>dian _s1 good or evil2 & t ! fates ( nations dep5d on ! invisible conflict ( ^! tutel>y p[]s4 ,9 ,paul ! same idea is /rongly br\ght out4 ,satan is ! pr9ce ( ! p[] ( ! air2 ) pr9cipalities & p[]s b5ea? him2 ov] all ( :om ,*ri/ won ! victory on 8 cross4 ,9 ! ,apocalypse we read ! ,ori5tal doctr9e ( ! sev5 angels :o /& be=e ,god4 ,z ! ,*ri/ian t5et ?us rose among ! ,jews f _! contact ) ,ea/]n sup]/ition1 & 0 propagat$ & exp&$ :ile prophecy 0 mute1 x _c be ascrib$ to div9e sup]natural revelation z ! s\rce4 ,! gr\nd ( x is de>ly se5 9 infant speculations on ! cause ( moral evil & ( national calamities4 ,?us ,*ri/ & ! ,devil1 ! two poles ( ,*ri/5dom1 _h fad$ away out ( my spiritual vision2 !re 7 left ! m vividly1 ,god & ,man4 ,yet ,i _h n f9ally r5\nc$ ! possibility1 t ,jesus might h _h a div9e mission to /imulate all our spiritual faculties1 & to gu>antee to u a future /ate ( exi/5ce4 ,! ab/ract argum5ts = ! immortality ( ! s\l _h always appe>$ to me va9 trifl+2 & ,i 0 deeply conv9c$ t no?+ c\ld assure u ( a future /ate b a div9e communication4 ,9 :at mode ?is might be made1 ,i c\ld n say priori3 might n ?is really be ! great purport ( ,messiah%ip8 0 n ?is1 if any1 a wor?y gr\nd = a div9e int]f]5ce8 ,on ! contr>y1 to heal ! sick did n seem at all an adequate motive = a miracle2 else1 :y n ! sick ( our own day8 ,cr$ulity _h exagg]at$1 & _h repres5t$ ,jesus to h wr\ght miracles3 b t did n :olly disprove ! miracle ( resurrection 7:e!r bodily or ( :atev] k9d71 said to h be5 wr\ght by ,god ^u him1 & ( :i* s v int5se a belief s rem>kably propagat$ itself4 ,paul inde$ believ$ x#c f prophecy2 &1 z we see ?is to be a delusion1 re/+ on ,rabb9ical int]pretations1 we may p]haps acc\nt ?us = ! belief ( ! e>ly *ur*1 )\t 9 any way admitt+ ! fact4--,"h1 h[ev]1 ,i f\nd ,i _h ! clue to my only rema9+ discussion1 ! primitive ,jewi% controv]sy4 ,let u /ep back to an e>li] /age ?an ,john's or ,paul's or ,pet]'s doctr9e4 ,we _c d\bt t ,jesus claim$ to be ,messiah3 :at !n 0 ,messiah to be8 &1 did ,jesus 7?\gh misrepres5t$ by 8 disciples7 truly fulfil 8 own claims8 ,! really ,messianic prophecies appe>$ to me to be f> few] ?an is commonly suppos$4 ,i f\nd su* 9 ! #i? & #aa? ( ,isaiah1 ! #e? ( ,micah1 ! #i? ( ,ze*>iah1 9 ! #gbnd ,psalm1 9 ! #cg? ( ,ezekiel1 &1 z ,i suppos$1 9 ! #ej? & #ecrd ( ,isaiah4 ,to ^! no?+ ( mom5t c\ld be c]ta9ly add$2 = ! passage 9 ,dan4 ix4 is ill-translat$ 9 ! ,engli% v]sion1 & ,i _h already conclud$ t ! ,book ( ,daniel is a spuri\s fabrication4 ,f ,micah & ,ezekiel x appe>$1 t ,messiah 0 to come f ,be?lehem & ei!r be ,david himself1 or a spiritual ,david3 f ,isaiah x is %[n t he is a rod out ( ! /em ( ,jesse4--,x is true1 ,i f\nd no pro( t ,jesus did come f ,be?lehem or f ! /ock ( ,david2 = ! tales 9 ,mat!w & ,luke refute "o ano!r1 & h cle>ly be5 g5]at$ by a desire to v]ify ! prophecy4 ,b g5ealogies = or aga9/ ,messiah%ip seem$ to me a mean argum5t2 & ! fact ( ! prophets dem&+ a c>nal desc5t 9 ,messiah /ruck me z a worse objection ?an t ,jesus _h n got x1--if ?is c\ld be ev] prov$4 ,! ,messiah ( ,micah1 h[ev]1 0 n ,jesus2 = he 0 to deliv] ,israel f ! ,assyrians1 & 8 :ole description is lit]ally w>like4 ,micah1 writ+ :5 ! "n ( ,s5na*]ib 0 t]rible1 conceiv$ ( a p[]ful mon>* on ! ?rone ( ,david :o 0 to subdue him3 b z ?is prophecy 0 n v]ifi$1 ! imag9>y object ( x 0 look$ = z ,messiah1 ev5 aft] ! disappe>ance ( ! =midable ,assyrian p[]4 ,?is und5iable vanity ( ,micah's prophecy ext5ds itself also to t 9 ! #i? *apt] ( 8 contempor>y ,isaiah1--if inde$ t spl5did passage did n really po9t at ! *ild ,hezekiah4 ,waiv+ ?is d\bt1 x is at any rate cle> t ! m>vell\s *ild on ! ?rone ( ,david 0 to break ! yoke ( ! oppressive ,assyrian2 & none ( ! circum/antials are at all appropriate to ! hi/orical ,jesus4 ,9 ! #cg? ( ,ezekiel ! 7new7 ,david is to ga!r ,judah & ,israel f ! hea!n :i!r !y be gone & to make !m "o nation 9 ! l&1 on ! m\nta9s ( ,israel3 & ,jehovah adds1 t !y %all dwell 9 ! l& :i* ,i gave unto ,jacob my s]vant1 :]e9 y\r fa!rs dwelt3 & !y %all dwell !re91 !y & _! *ildr5 & _! *ildr5's *ildr5 = ev]3 & my s]vant ,david %all be _! pr9ce = ev]4 ,x is trifl+ to pret5d t ! l& promis$ to ,jacob1 & 9 :i* ! old ,jews dwelt1 0 a spiritual1 & n ! lit]al ,pale/9e2 & !re=e x is impossible to make out t ,jesus has fulfill$ any "p ( ?is repres5tation4 ,! description h[ev] t foll[s 7,ezekiel xl4 c47 ( ! new city & temple1 ) ! sacrifices (f]$ by ! prie/s ! ,levites1 ( ! se$ ( ,zadok1 & ! gate ( ! sanctu>y = ! pr9ce 7xliv4 #c71 & 8 elaborate acc\nt ( ! bord]s ( ! l& 7xlviii4 #ac-bc71 place ! e>ne/ness ( ,ezekiel's lit]alism 9 /ill cle>] light4 ,! #gbnd ,psalm1 by ! spl5d\r ( its pr$ictions conc]n+ ! gr&eur ( "s future k+ ( ,judah1 e>ns ! title ( ,messianic1 because x 0 nev] fulfill$ by any hi/orical k+4 ,b x is equally c]ta91 t x has _h no appreciable fulfilm5t 9 ,jesus4 ,b :at ( ! #aa? ( ,isaiah8 ,its portraiture is n s mu* t ( a k+1 z ( a prophet end[$ ) sup]human p[]4 ,he %all smite ! e>? ) ! rod ( 8 m\?1 & ) ! brea? ( 8 lips he %all slay ! wick$4 ,a ,p>adisiacal /ate is to foll[4--,?is g5]al description may be v]ifi$ by ,jesus h]eaft]2 b we h no manife/ation1 :i* enables u to call ! fulfilm5t a fact4 ,inde$1 ! latt] "p ( ! prophecy is out ( place = a "t s late z ! reign ( ,augu/us2 :i* =cibly d5otes t ,isaiah 0 pr$ict+ only t :i* 0 8 imm$iate political aspiration3 = 9 ?is great day ( ,messiah1 ,jehovah is to ga!r back 8 disp]s$ p f ,assyria1 ,egypt1 & o!r p>ts2 he is to reconcile ,judah & ,ephraim1 7:o _h be5 p]fectly reconcil$ c5turies be=e ,jesus 0 born17 & z a result ( ?is ,messianic glory1 ! p ( ,israel %all fly ^u ! %\ld]s ( ! ,phili/9es t[>ds ! we/2 !y %all spoil !m ( ! ea/ toge!r3 !y %all lay _! h& on ,edom & ,moab1 & ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon %all obey !m4 ,b ,phili/9es1 ,moab & ,ammon1 7 di/9ctions entirely lo/ be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4--,f9ally1 ! ,r$ ,sea is to be once m pass$ miracul\sly by ! ,israelites1 return+ 7z w\ld seem7 to _! fa!rs' soil4 ,take all ^! p>ticul>s toge!r1 & ! prophecy is nei!r fulfill$ 9 ! pa/ nor possible to be fulfill$ 9 ! future4 ,! prophecy :i* we "k z ,ze*>iah ix4-xi4 is believ$ to be really f a prophet ( unc]ta9 "n1 contemporane\s ) ,isaiah4 ,x 0 writt5 :ile ,ephraim 0 /ill a p1 i4e4 be=e ! capture ( ,sam>ia by ,%almanez]2 & xi4 #a-c appe>s to h[l ov] ! rec5t deva/ations ( ,tigla?pilez]4 ,! prophecy is ?r\gh\t full ( ! politics ( t day4 ,no "p ( x has ! mo/ remote or imag9able#d simil>ity to ! hi/orical life ( ,jesus1 except t he once rode into ,j]usalem on an ass2 a de$ :i* _c h be5 peculi> to him1 & :i* ,jesus moreov] appe>s to h plann$ ) ! express#e purpose ( assimilat+ himself to ! l[ly k+ "h describ$4 ,yet su* an isolat$ act is surely a c>nal & begg>ly fulfilm5t4 ,to ride on an ass is no m>k ( humility 9 ^? :o mu/ ord9>ily g on foot4 ,! prophet cle>ly means t ! righte\s k+ is n to ride on a w>horse & tru/ 9 cavalry1 z ,solomon & ! ,egyptians1 7see ,ps4 xx4 #g4 ,is4 xxxi4 #a-c1 xxx4 #af17 b is to imitate ! l[l9ess ( ,david & ! old judges1 :o rode on "y asses2 & is to be a lov] ( peace4 ,*apt]s #ej & #ec ( ! pseudo-,isaiah rema9$2 :i* conta9 _m phrases s aptly descriptive ( ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/1 & s closely knit up ) our e>lie/ devotional associations1 t !y 7 ! v la/ l9k ( my *a9 t snapt4 ,/ill1 ,i c\ld n conceal f myself1 t no exactness 9 ?is prophecy1 h[ev] s+ul>1 c\ld avail to make out t ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah ( ,hezekiah's prophets4 ,!re mu/ be "s explanation2 & if ,i did n see x1 t mu/ probably arise f prejudice & habit4--,9 ord] !re=e to ga9 fre%ness1 ,i resolv$ to p]use ! entire prophecy ( ! pseudo-,isaiah 9 ,l[?'s v]sion1 f *4 xl4 onw>d1 at a s+le sitt+4 ,?is prophet writes f ,babylon1 & has 8 vision full ( ! approa*+ re/oration ( 8 p by ,cyrus1 :om he addresses by "n4 ,9 *4 xliii4 he introduces to u an em95t & *os5 s]vant ( ,god1 :om he inve/s ) all ! evangelical virtues1 & decl>es t he is to be a light to ! ,g5tiles4 ,9 *4 xliv4 7v4 #a--;also v4 #ba7 he is nam$ z ,jacob my s]vant1 & ,israel :om ,i h *os54 ,! appellations recur 9 xlv4 #d3 & 9 a f> m /rik+ passage1 xlix4 #a-ab1 :i* is em95tly ,messianic to ! ,*ri/ian e>1 except t 9 v4 #c1 ! speak] di/9ctly decl>es himself to be 7n ,messiah1 b7 ,israel4 ,! same speak] cont9ues 9 *4 l41 :i* is equally ,messianic 9 s\nd4 ,9 *4 lii4 ! prophet speaks ( him1 7vv4 #ac-ae7 b ! subject ( ! *apt] is re/oration f ,babylon2 & f ?is he runs on into ! celebrat$ *4 liii4 ,x is ess5tial to und]/& ! same elect s]vant all along4 ,he is _m times call$ ,israel1 & is (t5 address$ 9 a tone q inapplicable to ,messiah1 viz4 z "o ne$+ salvation himself2 s 9 *4 xliii4 ,yet 9 *4 xlix4 ?is elect ,israel is di/+ui%$ f ,jacob & ,israel at l>ge3 ?us !re is an entanglem5t4 ,:o c be call$ on to risk 8 et]nal hopes on 8 skilful unknott+ ( x8 ,x appe>$ h[ev] to me mo/ probable1 t z our high ,*ur*m5 di/+ui% "m ,*ur* f ! individuals :o compose ! ,*ur*1 s ! ,israel ( ?is prophecy is ! idealiz+ ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur*2 :i* ,i und]/ood to be a curr5t ,jewi% int]pretation4 ,! figure p]haps emb>rasses u1 only because ( ! male sex attribut$ to ! ideal s]vant ( ,god2 = :5 ,zion is spok5 ( by ! same prophet 9 ! same way1 no "o f9ds difficulty1 or imag9es t a female p]son ( sup]human bir? & qualities mu/ be int5d$4 ,x /ill rema9$ /range t 9 ,isaiah liii4 & ,pss4 xxii4 & lxix4 !re %\ld be co9cid5ces s close ) ! suff]+s ( ,jesus3 b ,i reflect$1 t ,i _h no pro( t ! n>rative _h n be5 /ra9$ by cr$ulity1#f to br+ x into artificial agreem5t ) ^! imag9$ pr$ictions ( 8 dea?4 ,& h]e) my la/ argum5t 9 fav\r ( views = :i* ,i once w\ld h laid d[n my life1 seem$ to be sp5t4 ,nor only s3 b ,i n[ reflect$ t ! falsity ( ! prophecy 9 ,dan4 vii4 7:]e ! com+ ( a ,son ( ,man to sit 9 univ]sal judgm5t foll[s imm$iately ^u ! break-up ( ! ,syrian mon>*y17--to say no?+ ( ! g5]al pro( ( ! spuri\sness ( ! :ole ,book ( ,daniel1--ought p]haps long ago to h be5 se5 by me z ( m c>d9al importance4 ,= if we believe any?+ at all ab\t ! disc\rses ( ,*ri/1 we _c d\bt t he select$ ,son ( ,man z 8 fav\rite title2 :i* admits no int]pretation s satisfactory1 z1 t he tacitly ref]s to ! sev5? *apt] ( ,daniel1 & virtually bases 8 pret5sions ^u x4 ,on ! :ole1 x 0 no long] defect ( pro( ,:i* pres5t$ itself1 b positive dispro( ( ! primitive & fundam5tal claim4 ,i c\ld n = a mom5t all[ weight to ! topic1 t x is dang]\s to disbelieve wrongly2 = ,i felt1 & _h always felt1 t x gave a premium to ! mo/ boa/ful & tyranniz+ sup]/ition3--z if x 7 n equally dang]\s to believe wrongly6 ,nev]!less1 ,i tri$ to plead = f>!r delay1 by ask+3 ,is n ! subject too va/ = me to decide ^u8--,?9k h[ _m wise & good m5 h fully exam9$1 & h come to a contr>y conclusion4 ,:at a grasp ( k & exp]i5ce ( ! human m9d x requires6 ,p]haps too ,i h unaw>es be5 c>ri$ away by a love ( novelty1 :i* ,i h mi/ak5 = a love ( tru?4 ,b ! argum5t recoil$ ^u me4 ,h ,i n be5 #be ye>s a read] ( ! ,bible8 h ,i n full #ah ye>s be5 a /ud5t ( ,!ology8 h ,i n employ$ #g ( ! be/ ye>s ( my life1 ) ample leisure1 9 ?is v inve/igation2--)\t any intelligible e>?ly bribe to c>ry me to my pres5t conclusion1 aga9/ all my int]e/s1 all my prejudices & all my education8 ,!re are _m f> m le>n$ m5 ?an ,i1--_m m5 ( great] p[] ( m9d2 b !re are also a hundr$ times z _m :o are my inf]iors2 & if ,i h be5 sev5 ye>s lab\r+ 9 va9 to solve ?is va/ lit]>y problem1 x is an extreme absurdity to imag9e t ! solv+ ( x is impos$ by ,god on ! :ole human race4 ,let me r5\nce my little le>n+2 let me be z ! poor & simple3 :at !n foll[s8 ,:y1 !n1 /ill ! same ?+ foll[s1 t difficult lit]>y problems conc]n+ di/ant hi/ory _c af=d any ess5tial "p ( my religion4 ,x is ) hundr$s or ?\s&s a fav\rite idea1 t !y h an inw>d witness ( ! tru? ( 7! hi/orical & outw>d facts (7 ,*ri/ianity4 ,p]haps ! /atem5t w\ld br+ its own refutation to !m1 if !y w\ld express x cle>ly4 ,suppose a biograph] ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 aft] n>rat+ 8 sublime discov]ies & ably /at+ "s ( 8 mo/ rem>kable doctr9es1 to add1 t ,sir ,isaac 0 a great magician1 & _h be5 us$ to raise spirits by 8 arts1 & f9ally 0 himself c>ri$ up to heav5 "o night1 :ile he 0 gaz+ at ! moon2 & t ?is ev5t _h be5 =etold by ,m]l93--x w\ld surely be ! height ( absurdity to dilate on ! tru? ( ! ,newtonian !ory z ! moral evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! miracles & prophecy4 ,yet ?is is :at ^? d1 :o adduce ! excell5ce ( ! precepts & spirituality ( ! g5]al doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z ! moral evid5ce ( its miracles & ( its fulfill+ ! ,messianic prophecies4 ,b = ! ambiguity ( ! ^w doctr9e1 probably su* confusion ( ?\ght w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,doctr9es are ei!r spiritual tru?s1 or are /atem5ts ( ext]nal hi/ory4 ,( ! =m] we may h an inw>d witness2--t is _! prop] evid5ce2--b ! latt] mu/ dep5d ^u adequate te/imony & v>i\s k9ds ( criticism4 ,h[ quickly might ,i h come to my conclusion1--h[ mu* we>y ?\ght & useless lab\r might ,i h sp>$1--if at an e>li] "t ?is simple tru? _h be5 press$ ^u me1 t s9ce ! religi\s faculties ( ! poor & half-educat$ _c inve/igate ,hi/orical & ,lit]>y que/ions1 !re=e ^! que/ions _c con/itute an ess5tial "p ( ,religion4--,b p]haps ,i c\ld n h ga9$ ?is result by any ab/ract act ( ?\ght1 f want ( fre$om to ?9k3 & !re are advantages also 9 exp&+ sl[ly "u great pressure1 if "o c exp&1 & is n cru%$ by x4 ,i felt no convulsion ( m9d1 no empt9ess ( s\l1 no inw>d practical *ange3 b ,i knew t x w\ld be said1 ?is 0 only because ! =ce ( ! old influ5ce 0 z yet unsp5t1 & t a gradual decl5sion 9 ! vitality ( my religion mu/ ensue4 ,m ?an eight ye>s h s9ce pa/1 & ,i feel ,i h n[ a "r to contradict t /atem5t4 ,to any ,evangelical ,i h a "r to say1 t :ile he has a s+le1 ,i h a d\ble exp]i5ce2 & ,i "k1 t ! spiritual fruits :i* he values1 h no connection :atev] ) ! complicat$ & elaborate cre$1 :i* 8 s*ool imag9es1 & ,i once imag9$1 to be ! roots out ( :i* !y are f$4 ,t !y dep5d directly on ! he>t's belief 9 ! sympa?y ( ,god ) individual man1#g ,i am well assur$3 b t doctr9e does n re/ ^u ! ,bible or ^u ,*ri/ianity2 = x is a po/ulate1 f :i* e ,*ri/ian advocate is =c$ to />t4 ,if x be d5i$1 he _c take a /ep =w>d 9 8 argum5t4 ,he talks to m5 ab\t ,s9 & ,judgm5t to come1 & ! ne$ ( ,salvation1 & s proce$s to ! ,savi\r4 ,b 8 v fir/ /ep1--! idea ( ,s91--assumes t ,god conc]ns himself ) our actions1 words1 ?\ghts2 assumes !re=e t sympa?y ( ,god ) e man1 :i* 7x seems7 c only be kn[n by an infallible ,bible4 ,i "k t _m ,evangelicals w reply1 t ,i nev] c h _h ! true fai?2 else ,i c\ld nev] h lo/ x3 & z = my n be+ consci\s ( spiritual *ange1 !y w accept ?is z confirm+ _! ass]tion4 ,und\bt$ly ,i _c prove t ,i ev] felt z !y n[ feel3 p]haps !y love _! pres5t op9ions m ?an tru?1 & are c>eless to exam9e & v]ify !m2 ) t ,i claim no fell[%ip4 ,b !re are ,*ri/ians1 & ,evangelical ,*ri/ians1 ( ano!r /amp1 :o love _! cre$1 only because !y believe x to be true1 b love tru?1 z su*1 & tru?fulness1 m ?an any cre$3 ) ^! ,i claim fell[%ip4 ,_! love to ,god & man1 _! allegiance to righte\sness & true hol9ess1 w n be 9 susp5se & liable to be ov]turn$ by new discov]ies 9 geology & 9 anci5t inscriptions1 or by improv$ criticism ( texts & ( hi/ory1 nor h !y any imag9able int]e/ 9 ?w>t+ ! advance ( s*ol>%ip4 ,x is /range inde$ to und]value t ,fai?1 :i* alone is purely moral & spiritual1 alone re/s on a basis t _c be %ak51 alone lifts ! possessor above ! conflicts ( erudition1 & makes x impossible = him to fe> ! increase ( k4 ,i fully expect$ t review]s & oppon5ts f ! evangelical s*ool w\ld labori\sly ins9uate or ass]t1 t ,i nev] 0 a ,*ri/ian & d n und]/& any?+ ab\t ,*ri/ianity spiritually4 ,my expectations h be5 m ?an fulfill$2 & ! c\rse :i* my assailants h tak5 leads me to add "s topics to ! la/ p>agraph4 ,i say !n1 t if ,i _h be5 sla9 at ! age ( tw5ty-sev51 :5 ,i 0 *as$#h by a mob ( infuriat$ ,mussulmans = sell+ ,new ,te/am5ts1 !y w\ld h trumpet$ me z an em95t sa9t & m>tyr4 ,i add1 t _m circum/ances )9 easy possibility might h l$ to my be+ engag$ z an (ficial tea*] ( a congregation at ! usual age1 :i* w\ld 9 all probability h arre/$ my intellectual developm5t1 & h /]eotyp$ my cre$ = _m a long ye>2 & !n also !y w\ld h ackn[l$g$ me z a ,*ri/ian4 ,a little m /upidity1 a little m worldl9ess1 a little m m5tal di%one/y 9 me1 or p]haps a little m k9dness & managem5t 9 o!rs1 w\ld h kept me 9 my old /ate1 :i* 0 ackn[l$g$ & w\ld /ill be ackn[l$g$ z ,*ri/ian4 ,to try to dis[n me n[1 is an impot5t sup]cili\sness4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i confess to sev]al moral *anges1 z ! result ( ?is *ange 9 my cre$1 ! pr9cipal ( :i* are ! foll[+4 #a4 ,i h f\nd t my old belief n>r[$ my affections4 ,x taught me to be/[ peculi> love on ! p ( ,god1 & x assign$ an intellectual cre$ z "o ess5tial m>k ( ?is p4 ,t cre$ may be made m or less /r+5t2 b :5 driv5 to its m9imum1 x includes a recognition ( ! hi/orical proposition1 t ! ,jewi% tea*] ,jesus fulfill$ ! conditions requisite to con/itute him ! ,messiah ( ! anci5t ,hebrew prophets4 ,?is proposition has be5 reject$ by v _m ?\ghtful & s9c]e m5 9 ,engl&1 & by t5s ( ?\s&s 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 ,spa94 ,to judge rightly ab\t x1 is necess>ily a problem ( lit]>y criticism2 :i* has bo? to int]pret ! ,old ,scriptures & to e/abli% h[ mu* ( ! biography ( ,jesus 9 ! ,new is cr$ible4 ,to judge wrongly ab\t x1 may prove "o to be a bad critic b n a less good & less pi\s man4 ,yet my old cre$ enact$ an affirmative result ( ?is hi/orical inquiry1 z a te/ ( "o's spiritual /ate1 & ord]$ me to ?9k h>%ly ( m5 l ,m>cus ,aurelius & ,less+1 because !y did n adopt ! conclusion :i* ! pr(ess$ly uncritical h e/abli%$4 ,x possess$ me ) a g5]al gloom conc]n+ ,mohamm$ans & ,pagans1 & involv$ ! :ole c\rse ( hi/ory & prospects ( futurity 9 a pa9ful d>kness f :i* ,i am reliev$4 #b4 ,its !ory 0 "o ( selfi%ness4 ,t is1 x inculcat$ t my fir/ bus9ess mu/ be1 to save my s\l f future puni%m5t1 & to atta9 future happ9ess2 & x bade me to *ide myself1 :5 ,i ?\ght ( no?+ b ab\t do+ pres5t duty & bless+ ,god = pres5t enjoym5t4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ,i nev] did look mu* to futurity1 nor ev5 9 prospect ( dea? c\ld atta9 to any vivid anticipations or desires1 mu* less 0 tr\bl$ ) fe>s4 ,! evil :i* ,i suff]$ f my !ory1 0 n 7,i believe7 t x really made me selfi%--o!r influ5ces ( x 7 too p[]ful3--b x taught me to blame myself = unbelief1 because ,i 0 n suffici5tly absorb$ 9 ! contemplation ( my va/ p]sonal expectations4 ,i c]ta9ly "h feel myself deliv]$ f ! dang] ( factiti\s s94 ,! selfi% & self-righte\s texts come pr9cipally f ! ?ree fir/ gospels1 & are greatly c\nt]act$ by ! deep] spirituality ( ! apo/olic epi/les4 ,i !re=e by no means *>ge ?is t5d5cy indiscrim9ately on ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #c4 ,x laid d[n t ! "t is %ort2 ,,! ,,"l ,,is ,,at ,,h&3 ! ?+s ( ?is _w pass away1 & des]ve n our affections3 ! only ?+ wor? sp5d+ "o's en]gies on1 is1 ! =w>d+ ( m5's salvation4 ,x bade me wat* p]petually1 n kn[+ :e!r my ,"l w\ld return at cockcr[+ or at midday4 ,:ile ,i believ$ ?is1 7:i*1 h[ev] disagreeable to mod]n ,*ri/ians1 is ! cle> doctr9e ( ! ,new ,te/am5t17 ,i act$ an ecc5tric & unpr(itable "p4 ,f x ,i 0 sav$ aga9/ my w1 & =c$ into a c\rse 9 :i* ! doctr9e1 hav+ be5 laid to sleep1 awoke only n[ & !n to reproa* & h>ass me = my unfai?fulness to x4 ,?is doctr9e x is1 :i* makes s _m spiritual p]sons l5d active or passive aid to uphold abuses & p]petuate mis*ief 9 e dep>tm5t ( human life4 ,^? :o /ick close/ to ! ,scripture d n %r9k f say+1 t x is n wor? :ile try+ to m5d ! _w1 & /igmatize z political & worldly su* z pursue an opposite c\rse4 ,und\bt$ly1 if we are to expect our ,ma/] at cockcr[+1 we %all n /udy ! p]man5t improvem5t ( ?is transitory sc5e4 ,to tea* ! c]ta9 spe$y de/ruction ( e>?ly ?+s1 z ! ,new ,te/am5t does1 is to cut ! s9ews ( all e>?ly progress2 to decl>e w> aga9/ ,intellect & ,imag9ation1 aga9/ ,indu/rial & ,social advancem5t4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ,i 0 di/ress$ at be+ unable to avoid exultation 9 ! worldly greatness ( ,engl&4 ,my he>t w\ld1 9 spite1 ( me1 swell ) some?+ ( pride1 :5 a ,turk or ,arab ask$ :at 0 my c\ntry3 ,i !n us$ to confess to ,god ?is pride z a s94 ,i /ill see t t 0 a legitimate d$uction f ! ,scripture4 ,! glory ( ?is _w passe? away1 & ,i _h pr(ess$ to be dead ) ,*ri/ to x4 ,! diff]5ce is ?is4 ,i am n[ z dead z !n to all ( x :i* my consci5ce disc]ns to be s9ful1 b ,i h n to torm5t myself 9 a 7fundam5tally ascetic7 /ruggle aga9/ innoc5t & heal?y impulses4 ,i n[1 ) delib]ate approval1 love ! _w & ! ?+s ( ! _w4 ,i c feel patriotism1 & take ! deepe/ int]e/ 9 ! future prospects ( nations1 & no long] reproa* myself4 ,yet ?is is q consi/5t ) feel+ ! spiritual int]e/s ( m5 to be ( all incomp>ably ! highe/4 ,mod]n religioni/s pr(ess to be disciples ( ,*ri/1 & talk high ( ! p]fect morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :5 !y c]ta9ly d n submit _! und]/&+ to x1 & are no m l to ! fir/ disciples ?an bi%ops are l ! p5nyless apo/les4 ,"o critic tells me t ,i "k t ! above is n ! true int]pretation ( ! apo/olic doctr9e4 ,assur$ly ,i am aw>e t we may rebuke ! _w & worldl9ess1 9 a legitimate & modifi$ s5se1 z be+ ! sy/em ( selfi%ness3 true1--& ,i h av[$ ?is 9 ano!r "w2 b x does n foll[ t ,jesus & ! apo/les did n g f>!r3 & manife/ly !y did4 ,! true disciple1 :o w\ld be p]fect z 8 ,ma/]1 0 inde$ ord]$ to sell all1 give to ! poor & foll[ him2 & :5 t sev]ity 0 relax$ by good s5se1 x 0 /ill taught t ?+s :i* la/$ to ! o!r side ( ! grave alone des]v$ our affection or our ex]tion4 ,if any p]son ?9ks me ignorant ( ! ,scriptures = be+ ( ?is judgm5t1 let him s ?9k2 b to d5y t ,i am s9c]e 9 my av[al1 is a v ne$less insol5ce4 #d4 ,i am s5sible h[ heavy a clog on ! ex]cise ( my judgm5t has be5 tak5 (f f me1 s9ce ,i unle>n$ t ,bibliolatry1 :i* ,i am dispos$ to call ! greate/ religi\s evil ( ,engl&4 ,au?ority has a place 9 religi\s tea*+1 z 9 education1 b x is provisional & transitory4 ,its *ief use is to guide action1 & assi/ ! =mation ( habits1 be=e ! judgm5t is ripe4 ,z appli$ to m]e op9ion1 its sole function is to guide inquiry4 ,s long z an op9ion is receiv$ on au?ority only1 x works no inw>d process ^u u3 yet ! promulgation ( x by au?ority1 is n !re=e always useless1 s9ce ! prom95ce ?us giv5 to x may be a mo/ important /imulus to ?\ght4 ,:ile ! m9d is inactive or weak1 x w n wi% to ?r[ (f ! yoke ( au?ority3 b z soon z x beg9s to disc]n error 9 ! /&>d propos$ to x1 we h ! m>k ( incipi5t orig9al ?\ght1 :i* is ! ?+ s valuable & s difficult to elicit2 & :i* au?ority is apt to cru%4 ,an intellig5t pupil seldom or nev] gives too little weight to ! op9ion ( 8 tea*]3 a wise tea*] w nev] repress ! free action ( 8 pupils' m9ds1 ev5 :5 !y beg9 to "q 8 results4 ,=bidd+ to ?9k is a /ill m fatal tyranny ?an =bidd+ to m>ry3 x p>alyzes all ! moral p[]s4 ,9 =m] days1 if any moral "q came be=e me1 ,i 0 always apt to turn x into ! m]e lawy]like ex]cise ( se>*+ & int]pret+ my writt5 code4 ,?us1 9 read+ h[ ,h5ry ! ,eigh? treat$ 8 fir/ que51 ,i ?\ght ov] ,scripture texts 9 ord] to judge :e!r he 0 "r1 & if ,i c\ld s get a solution1 ,i left my own moral p[]s unex]cis$4 ,all ,prote/ants see1 h[ mis*iev\s x is to a ,romani/ lady to h a direct+ prie/1 :om %e e day consults ab\t ev]y?+2 s z to lay h] own judgm5t to sleep4 ,we readily und]/&1 t 9 ! extreme case su* wom5 may gradually lose all p]ception ( "r & wrong1 & become a m]e ma*9e 9 ! h&s ( h] director4 ,b ! ,prote/ant pr9ciple ( accept+ ! ,bible z ! absolute law1 acts t[>ds ! same end2 & only fails ( do+ ! same am\nt ( mis*ief1 because a book c nev] s completely answ] all ! que/ions ask$ ( x1 z a liv+ prie/ c4 ,! ,prote/antism :i* pities ^? z )\t *>t & compass :o ackn[l$ge no infallible writt5 code1 c mean no?+ else1 ?an t ! less occasion we h to tru/ our moral p[]s1 ! bett]2 t is1 x repres5ts x z ( all ?+s mo/ desirable to be able to b5umb consci5ce by disuse1 "u ! guidance ( a m9d f )\t4 ,^? :o tea* ?is ne$ n m>vel to see _! pupils become ,romani/s4 ,b ,bibliolatry n only p>alyzes ! moral s5se2 x also corrupts ! intellect1 & introduces a crook$ logic1 by sett+ m5 to ! duty ( extract+ absolute h>mony out ( discordant mat]ials4 ,all are famili> ) ! subtlety ( lawy]s1 ^: task x is to elicit a s+le s5se out ( a heap ( contradictory /atutes4 ,9 _! case su* subtlety may inde$ excite 9 u impati5ce or contempt2 b we =be> to condemn !m1 :5 x is plead$ t practical conv5i5ce1 n tru?1 is _! av[$ end4 ,9 ! case ( !ological +5uity1 :]e tru? is ! pr(ess$ & sacr$ object1 a grav] judgm5t is call$ =4 ,:5 ! ,biblical int]pret] /ruggles to reconcile contradictions1 or to prove t wrong is "r1 m]ely because he is b\nd to ma9ta9 ! p]fection ( ! ,bible2 :5 to ?is end he condesc5ds to sophi/ry & pettifogg+ evasions2 x is difficult to avoid feel+ disgu/ z well z grief4 ,"s good p are secretly consci\s t ! ,bible is n an infallible book2 b !y dread ! consequ5ces ( proclaim+ ?is to ! vulg>4 ,alas6 & h !y measur$ ! evils :i* ! fo/]+ ( ?is lie is produc+ 9 ! m9ds1 n ( ! educat$ only1 b emphatically ( ! m9i/]s ( religion8 ,_m :o call !mselves ,*ri/ian prea*]s busily und]m9e moral s5tim5t1 by tell+ _! he>]s1 t if !y d n believe ! ,bible 7or ! ,*ur*71 !y c h no firm religion or morality1 & w h no reason to give aga9/ foll[+ brutal appetite4 ,?is doctr9e x is1 t s (t5 makes m5 a!i/s 9 ,spa91 & pr(ligates 9 ,engl&1 z soon z !y unle>n ! national cre$3 & ! s*ool :i* h done ! mis*ief1 moralize ov] ! wick$ness ( human nature :5 x comes to pass in/ead ( blam+ ! falsehood :i* !y h !mselves inculcat$4 ,footnote #a3 ,a critic presses me ) ! "q1 h[ ,i c d\bt t doctr9e s holy comes f ,god4 ,he pr(esses to review my book on ! ,s\l2 yet1 app>5tly became he himself disbelieves ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,_s taught alike 9 ! ,psalms & ,prophets & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1--he _c help =gett+ t ,i pr(ess to believe x4 ,he is n s+ul> 9 8 dulness4 ,t ! s5tim5t above is necess>ily indep5d5t ( ,biblical au?ority1 see p4 #acc4 ,footnote #b3 ,i d n "h enl>ge on ?is1 z x is discuss$ 9 my treatise on ,! ,s\l #bnd edition1 p4 #gf1 or #crd edition1 p4 #eb4 ,footnote #c3 #a ,cor4 xv4 #c4 ,comp>e ,acts xii4 #cc1 #cd1 #ce also ,acts ii4 #bg1 #cd4 ,footnote #d3 ,i ne$ n except ! pott] & ! ?irty pieces ( silv] 7,ze*4 xi4 #ac71 = ! pott] is a m]e absurd error ( text or translation4 ,! ,septuag9t has ! f\ndry1 ,de ,wette has ! treasury1 ) :om ,hitzig & ,ewald agree4 ,s ,w9] 7,simoni's ,lexicon74 ,footnote #e3 ,"s ( my critics are v angry ) me = say+ ?is2 b ,mat!w himself 7xxi4 #d7 almo/ says x3--,all ?is 0 done1 t x might be fulfill$1 c4 ,d my critics mean to tell me t ,jesus 0 n aw>e ( ! prophecy8 or if ,jesus did "k ( ! prophecy1 w !y tell me t he 0 n design+ to fulfil x8 ,i feel su* c>p+ to be little %ort ( hypocrisy4 ,footnote #f3 ,app>5tly on ^! words ( m9e1 a review] builds up ! inf]5ce t ,i reg>d ! ,evangelical n>rative z a my?ical fancy-piece imitat$ f ,david & ,isaiah4 ,i feel ?is to be a great c>icature4 ,my words are c>efully limit$ to a few petty details ( "o "p ( ! n>rative4 ,footnote #g3 ,i did n calculate t any assailant w\ld be s absurd z to lecture me on ! topic1 t ,god has no sympa?y ) our s9s & follies4 ,( c\rse :at ,i mean is1 t he has complac5cy 9 our moral p]fection4 ,see p4 #abe above4 ,footnote #h3 ,?is 0 at ,a9tab1 9 ! nor? ( ,syria4 ,"o ( my companions 0 caught by ! mob & beat5 7z !y probably ?\ght7 to dea?4 ,b he recov]$ v simil>ly to ,paul1 9 ,acts xiv4 #bj1 aft] long ly+ s5seless4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,on ,,! ,,moral ,,p]fection ,,( ,,jesus4 ,let no read] p]use ?is *apt]1 :o is n will+ to ent] into a discussion1 z free & un%r9k+1 conc]n+ ! p]sonal excell5cies & conduct ( ,jesus1 z t ( ,mr4 ,grote conc]n+ ,socrates4 ,i h hi!rto met ) mo/ absurd rebuffs = my scrupulosity4 ,"o critic names me z a pr9cipal lead] 9 a s*ool :i* extols & glorifies ! "* ( ,jesus2 aft] :i* he proce$s to reproa* me ) inconsi/5cy1 & to ins9uate di%one/y4 ,ano!r expresses himself z deeply w\nd$ t1 9 r5\nc+ ! belief t ,jesus is m ?an man1 ,i sugge/ to comp>e him to a cl]gyman :om ,i m5tion$ z em95tly holy & p]fect 9 ! picture ( a p>tial biograph]2 su* a comp>ison is res5t$ ) vivid indignation1 z a blurt+ out ( some?+ unspeakably pa9ful4 ,_m h murmur$ t ,i d n come =w>d to extol ! excell5cies ( ,jesus1 b appe> to pref] ,paul4 ,m ?an "o taunt me ) an inability to ju/ify my ins9uations t ,jesus1 aft] all1 0 n really p]fect2 "o is extremely disappo9t$ t ,i h n attack$ him2 9 %ort1 x is manife/ t _m w\ld mu* r h me say out my :ole he>t1 ?an )hold any?+4 ,i !re=e give fair w>n+ to all1 n to read any f>!r1 or else to blame !mselves if ,i inflict on !m unspeakable pa91 by diff]+ f _! judgm5t ( a hi/orical or unhi/orical "*4 ,z = ^? :o conf\nd my t5d]ness ) hypocrisy & consci\s weakness1 if !y tru/ !mselves to read to ! end1 ,i ?9k !y w ab&on t fancy4 ,b h[ am ,i br\ght into ?is topic8 ,x is because1 aft] my m9d _h rea*$ ! /age n>rat$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 ,i fell 9 ) a new doctr9e among ! ,unit>ians1--t ! evid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity is ess5tially popul> & spiritual1 consi/+ 9 ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 :o is a p]fect man & ! absolute moral image ( ,god1--!re=e fitly call$ ,god manife/ 9 ! fle%1 &1 z su*1 ,moral ,head ( ! human race4 ,s9ce ?is view 0 held 9 conjunction ) ^? at :i* ,i _h arriv$ myself conc]n+ miracles1 prophecy1 ! untru/wor?9ess ( ,scripture z to details1 & ! ess5tial unreasonabl5ess ( impos+ dogmatic propositions z a cre$1 ,i _h to consid] :y ,i c\ld n adopt su* a modification1 or 7z x appe>$ to me7 recon/ruction1 ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ,i gave reasons 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is book1 :i*1 avoid+ direct treatm5t ( ! "* ( ,jesus1 seem$ to me adequate on ! opposite side4 ,my argum5t 0 review$ by a fri5d1 :o pres5tly publi%$ ! review ) 8 "n1 reply+ to my rem>ks on ?is s*eme4 ,i ?us f9d myself 9 public & av[$ controv]sy ) "o :o is end[$ ) tal5ts1 accompli%m5ts1 & g5ius1 to :i* ,i h no pret5sions4 ,! *all5ge has c]ta9ly come f myself4 ,tru/+ to ! goodness ( my cause1 ,i h v5tur$ x into an unequal combat2 & f a consci\sness ( my admir$ fri5d's high sup]iority1 ,i d feel a little aba%$ at be+ br\ght face to face aga9/ him4 ,b possibly ! less said to ! public on ^! p]sonal matt]s1 ! bett]4 ,i h to give reasons :y ,i _c adopt t modifi$ s*eme ( ,*ri/ianity :i* is def5d$ & adorn$ by ,james ,m>t9eau2 accord+ to :i* x is ma9ta9$ t ?\gh ! ,gospel ,n>ratives are n to be tru/$ 9 detail1 !re c yet be no reasonable d\bt :at ,jesus 02 = ?is is elicit$ by a high] moral criticism1 :i* 7x is rem>k$7 ,i neglect4 ,9 ?is !ory1 ,jesus is av[$ to be a man born l o!r m52 to be liable to error1 & 7at lea/ 9 "s important respects7 mi/ak54 ,p]haps no g5]al proposition is to be accept$ m]ely on ! ^w ( ,jesus2 9 p>ticul>1 he mis9t]pret$ ! ,hebrew prophecies4 ,he 0 n less ?an ! ,hebrew ,messiah1 b m4 ,no moral *>ge is e/abli%$ aga9/ him1 until x is %[n1 t 9 apply+ ! old prophecies to himself1 he 0 consci\s t !y did n fit4 ,8 error 0 "o ( m]e fallibility 9 matt]s ( intellectual & lit]>y e/imate4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,jesus _h an infallible moral p]ception1 :i* reveals itself to ! true-he>t$ read]1 & is te/ifi$ by ! common consci\sness ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,x has pleas$ ! ,creator to give u "o sun 9 ! heav5s1 & "o ,div9e s\l 9 hi/ory1 9 ord] to correct ! ab]rations ( our individuality1 & unite all mank9d into "o family ( ,god4 ,jesus is to be presum$ to be p]fect until he is %[n to be imp]fect4 ,fai? 9 ,jesus1 is n reception ( propositions1 b rev]5ce = a p]son2 yet ?is is n ! condition ( salvation or ess5tial to ! ,div9e fav\r4 ,su* is ! s*eme1 abridg$ f ! ample discussion ( my eloqu5t fri5d4 ,9 reason+ aga9/ x1 my argum5ts w1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 be ^? ( an or?odox ,tr9it>ian2#a s9ce we might bo? ma9ta9 t ! belief 9 ! absolute div9e morality ( ,jesus is n t5able1 :5 ! belief 9 e o!r div9e & sup]human quality is d5i$4 ,%\ld ,i h any or?odox read]1 my argum5ts may %ock 8 feel+s less1 if he keeps ?is 9 view4 ,9 fact1 ! same action or ^w 9 ,jesus may be consi/5t or inconsi/5t ) moral p]fection1 accord+ to ! previ\s assumptions conc]n+ 8 p]son4 ,i4 ,my fri5d has attribut$ to me a prosaic & embitt]$ view ( human nature1 app>5tly because ,i h a v int5se belief ( ,man's ess5tial imp]fection4 ,to me1 ,i confess1 x is almo/ a fir/ pr9ciple ( ?\ght1 t z all sorts ( p]fection coexi/ 9 ,god1 s is no sort ( p]fection possible to man4 ,i d n "k h[ = a mom5t to imag9e an ,omnisci5t ,be+ :o is n ,almighty1 or an ,almighty :o is n ,all-,righte\s4 ,s nei!r d ,i "k h[ to conceive ( ,p]fect ,hol9ess any:]e b 9 ! ,bless$ & only ,pot5tate4 ,man is f9ite & crippl$ on all sides2 & frailty 9 "o k9d causes frailty 9 ano!r4 ,defici5t p[] causes defici5t k1 defici5t k betrays him into false op9ion1 & entangles him into false positions4 ,x may be a defect ( my imag9ation1 b ,i d n feel t x implies any bitt]ness1 t ev5 9 ! case ( "o :o abides 9 primitive l[l9ess1 to atta9 ev5 negatively an absolutely pure goodness seems to me impossible2 & mu* m1 to exhau/ all goodness1 & become a s+le ,model-,man1 unp>allel$1 incomp>able1 a /&>d = all o!r moral excell5ce4 ,especially ,i _c conceive ( any human p]son ris+ out ( obscurity1 & influ5c+ ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 unless !re be 9 him =ces ( great int5sity1 ! h>moniz+ ( :i* is a va/ & pa9ful problem4 ,e man has to subdue himself fir/1 be=e he prea*es to 8 fell[s2 & he enc\nt]s _m a fall & _m a w\nd 9 w9n+ 8 own victory4 ,& z tal5ts are v>i\s1 s d moral natures v>y1 ea* hav+ its own weak & /rong side2 & t "o man %\ld grasp into 8 s+le self ! highe/ p]fection ( e moral k9d1 is to me at lea/ z incr$ible z t "o %\ld preoccupy & exhau/ all intellectual greatness4 ,i feel ! prodigy to be s peculi>1 t ,i mu/ necess>ily wait until x is ov]:elm+ly prov$1 be=e ,i admit x4 ,no "o c )\t unreason urge me to believe1 on any b ! mo/ irrefutable argum5ts1 t a man1 f9ite 9 e o!r respect1 is inf9ite 9 moral p]fection4 ,my fri5d is at a loss to conceive 9 :at way a sup]human physical nature c\ld t5d 9 ! lea/ degree to r5d] moral p]fection m cr$ible4 ,b ,i ?9k he w see1 t x w\ld entirely obviate ! argum5t j /at$1 :i*1 f ! kn[n frailty ( human nature 9 g5]al1 d$uc$ ! indubitable imp]fection ( an individual4 ,! reply is !n obvi\s & decisive3 ,?is individual is n a m]e man2 8 orig9 is :olly exceptional2 !re=e 8 moral p]fection may be exceptional2 y\r exp]i5ce ( man's weakness goes = no?+ 9 8 case4 ,if ,i 7 already conv9c$ t ?is p]son 0 a great ,unique1 sep>at$ f all o!r m5 by an impassable *asm 9 reg>d to 8 physical orig91 ,i 7= "o7 %\ld be mu* readi] to believe t he 0 ,unique & ,unapproa*able 9 o!r respects3 = all ,god's works h an int]nal h>mony4 ,x c\ld n be = no?+ t ?is exceptional p]sonage 0 s5t into ! _w4 ,t he 0 int5d$ z head ( ! human race1 9 "o or m s5ses1 w\ld be a plausible op9ion2 nor %\ld ,i feel any incr$ul\s repugnance aga9/ believ+ 8 morality to be if n div9ely p]fect1 yet sep>at$ f t ( common m5 s f>1 t he might be a ,god to u1 j z e p>5t is to a "y *ild4 ,?is view seems to my fri5d a weakness2 be x s4 ,i ne$ n press x4 ,:at ,i d press1 is1--:atev] might or might n be conc$$ conc]n+ "o 9 human =m1 b ( sup]human orig91--at any rate1 "o :o is conc$$ to be1 out & out1 ( ! same nature z ourselves1 is to be judg$ ( by our exp]i5ce ( t nature1 & is !re=e to be assum$ to be v>i\sly imp]fect1 h[ev] em95t & admirable 9 "s respects4 ,& no "o is to be call$ an imag9] ( de=mity1 because he takes = grant$ t "o :o is ,man has imp]fections :i* 7 n kn[n to ^? :o compil$ memorials ( him4 ,to impute to a p]son1 )\t specific evid5ce1 "s def9ite frailty or fault1 b>ely because he is human1 w\ld be a want ( good s5se2 b n s1 to h a firm belief t e human be+ is f9ite 9 moral z well z 9 intellectual greatness4 ,we h a v imp]fect hi/ory ( ! apo/le ,james2 & ,i d n "k t ,i c\ld adduce any fact specifically record$ conc]n+ him 9 dispro( ( 8 absolute moral p]fection1 if any ( 8 ,j]usalem disciples _h *os5 to set up ?is z a dogma ( religion4 ,yet no "o w\ld blame me1 z morose1 or indispos$ to ackn[l$ge g5ius & greatness1 if ,i insi/$ on believ+ ,james to be frail & imp]fect1 :ile admitt+ t ,i knew almo/ no?+ ab\t him4 ,& :y8--,s+ly & surely1 because we "k him to be a man3 t suffices4 ,to set up ,james or ,john or ,daniel z my ,model1 & my ,"l2 to be swall[$ up 9 him & press him ^u o!rs = a ,univ]sal ,/&>d1 w\ld be despis$ z a self-degrad+ idolatry & res5t$ z an obtrusive fav\ritism4 ,n[ :y does n ! same equally apply1 if ! "n ,jesus is sub/itut$ = ^!8 ,:y1 9 defect ( all o!r k ?an ! b>e fact ( 8 manhood1 are we n unhesitat+ly to take = grant$ t he does n exhau/ all p]fection1 & is at be/ only "o among _m bre?r5 & equals8 ,,ii4 ,my fri5d1 ,i ga!r1 w reply1 because s _m ?\s&s ( m9ds 9 all ,*ri/5dom atte/ ! inf9ite & unapproa*able goodness ( ,jesus4 ,x !re=e foll[s to consid]1 :at is ! weight ( ?is atte/ation4 ,manife/ly x dep5ds1 fir/ ( all1 on ! indep5d5ce ( ! witnesses3 secondly1 on ! gr\nds ( _! belief4 ,if all ^?1 :o confess ! moral p]fection ( ,jesus1 confess x z ! result ( unbiass$ exam9ation ( 8 "*2 & if ( ^? acqua9t$ ) ! n>rative1 none esp\se ! opposite side2 ?is w\ld be a /rik+ te/imony1 n to be despis$4 ,b 9 fact1 few inde$ ( ! witnesses add any weight at all to ! argum5t4 ,no ,tr9it>ian c d\bt t ,jesus is morally p]fect1 )\t d\bt+ fundam5tally e "p ( 8 religion4 ,he believes x1 because ! entire sy/em dem&s x1 & because v>i\s texts ( ,scripture av[ x3 & ?is v fact makes x morally impossible = him to ent] ^u an unbiass$ inquiry1 :e!r t "* :i* is drawn = ,jesus 9 ! f\r gospels1 is1 or is n1 "o ( absolute p]fection1 des]v+ to be made an exclusive model = all times & c\ntries4 ,my fri5d nev] 0 a ,tr9it>ian1 & seems n to "k h[ ?is op]ates2 b ,i c te/ify1 t :5 ,i believ$ 9 ! immaculat5ess ( ,*ri/'s "*1 x 0 n f an unbiass$ criticism1 b f ! pressure ( au?ority1 7! au?ority ( texts17 & f ! necessity ( ! doctr9e to ! s*eme ( ,r$emption4 ,n m]ely /rict ,tr9it>ians1 b all :o believe 9 ! ,atonem5t1 h[ev] modifi$1--all :o believe t ,jesus w be ! future ,judge1--mu/ believe 9 8 absolute p]fection3 h5ce ! fact ( _! belief is no indication :atev] t !y believe on ! gr\nd :i* my fri5d assumes1--viz4 an intellig5t & unbiass$ /udy ( ! "* itself1 z exhibit$ 9 ! f\r n>ratives4 ,i ?9k we may g f>!r4 ,we h no reason = ?9k+ t ?is 0 ! sort ( evid5ce :i* conv9c$ ! apo/les !mselves1 & fir/ tea*]s ( ! gospel2--if inde$ 9 ! v fir/ ye>s ! doctr9e 0 at all conceiv$ (4 ,x _c be %[n t any "o believ$ 9 ! moral p]fection ( ,jesus1 :o _h n already adopt$ ! belief t he 0 ,messiah1 & !re=e ,judge ( ! human race4 ,my fri5d makes ! pure immaculat5ess ( ,jesus 7disc]nible by him 9 ! gospels7 8 f\ndation1 & d$uces f ?is ! quasi-,messiah%ip3 b ! opposite ord] ( d$uction appe>s to h be5 ! only "o possible 9 ! fir/ age4 ,take ,paul z a specim54 ,he believ$ ! doctr9e 9 "q2 b n f read+ ! f\r gospels1--= !y did n exi/4 ,did he !n believe x by he>+ ,ananias 7,acts ix4 #ag7 ent] into details conc]n+ ! de$s & words ( ,jesus8 ,i _c imag9e t any wise or ?\ghtful p]son w\ld s judge1 :i* aft] all w\ld be a gratuit\s inv5tion4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les give u _m spee*es :i* set =? ! gr\nds ( accept+ ,jesus z ,messiah2 b !y nev] press 8 absolute moral p]fection z a fact & a fundam5tal fact4 ,he w5t ab\t do+ good1 & heal+ all t 7 oppress$ ( ! devil1 is ! utmo/ t is advanc$ on ?is side3 prophecy is urg$1 & 8 resurrection is ass]t$1 & ! inf]5ce is drawn t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/4 ,out ( ?is fl[$ ! f>!r inf]5ces t he 0 ,supreme ,judge1--& moreov]1 0 ,pas*al ,lamb1 & ,sacrifice1 & ,high ,prie/1 & ,m$iator2 & s9ce e "o ( ^! *>act]s dem&$ a belief 9 8 moral p]fections1 t doctr9e also necess>ily foll[$1 & 0 receiv$ be=e our pres5t gospels exi/$4 ,my fri5d !re=e _c aba% me by ! argum5tum ad v]ecundiam2 7:i* to me seems highly out ( place 9 ?is connexion27 = ! op9ion1 :i* is1 z to ?is s+le po9t1 held by him 9 common ) ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 0 held by !m on transc5d5tal reasons :i* he totally disc>ds2 & all aft] g5]ations h be5 confirm$ 9 ! doctr9e by ,au?ority1 i4e4 by ! weight ( texts or *ur* decisions3 bo? ( :i* he also disc>ds4 ,if ,i c\ld receive ! doctr9e1 m]ely because ,i d>$ n to diff] f ! :ole ,*ri/ian _w1 ,i might aid to swell odium aga9/ rejectors1 b ,i %\ld n /r5g!n ! cause at ! b> ( reason4 ,i feel !re=e t my fri5d mu/ n claim ,ca?olicity z on 8 side4 ,tr9it>ians & ,arians are alike useless to 8 argum5t3 nay1 nor c he claim m ?an a small fraction ( ,unit>ians2 = z _m ( ! !m believe t ,jesus is to be ! ,judge ( liv+ & dead 7z ! late ,dr4 ,lant ,c>p5t] did7 mu/ z necess>ily believe 8 immaculate p]fection z if !y 7 ,tr9it>ians4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t does n di/9ctly expla9 on :at gr\nds ?is doctr9e 0 believ$2 b we may obs]ve t 9 #a ,pet] i4 #ai & #b ,cor4 v4 #ba1 x is c\pl$ ) ! ,atonem5t1 & 9 #a ,pet] ii4 #ba1 ,romans xv4 #c1 x seems to be inf]r$ f prophecy4 ,b let u turn to ! orig9al ,elev51 :o 7 eye & e> witnesses ( ,jesus1 & consid] on :at gr\nds !y c h believ$ 7if we assume t !y did all believe7 ! absolute moral p]fection ( ,jesus4 ,x is too ridicul\s to imag9e !n /udy+ ! writ+s ( ,mat!w 9 ord] to obta9 conviction1--if any ( t s*ool1 :om alone ,i n[ address1 c\ld admit t writt5 docum5ts 7 ?\ght ( be=e ! ,*ur* out/ept ! limits ( ,judea4 ,if ! ,elev5 believ$ ! doctr9e = "s transc5d5tal reason1--z by a ,sup]natural ,revelation1 or on acc\nt ( ,prophecy1 & to complete ! ,messiah's "*1--!n _! atte/ation is useless to my fri5d's argum5t3 w x !n ga9 any?+1 if we suppose t !y believ$ ,jesus to be p]fect1 because !y saw him to be p]fect8 ,to me ?is w\ld seem no atte/ation wor? hav+1 b r a piece ( imp]t95t ignorance4 ,if ,i atte/ t a p]son :om ,i h kn[n 0 an em95tly good man1 ,i comm& a c]ta9 am\nt ( respect to my op9ion1 & ,i d him hon\r4 ,if ,i celebrate 8 good de$s & report 8 wise words1 ,i ext5d 8 hon\r /ill f>!r4 ,b if ,i proce$ to assure p1 on ! evid5ce ( my p]sonal obs]vation ( him1 t he 0 immaculate & absolutely p]fect1 0 ! pure ,moral ,image ( ,god1 t he des]ves to be made ! ,exclusive ,model ( imitation1 & is ! /&>d by :i* e o!r man's morality is to be correct$1--,i make myself ridicul\s2 my panegyrics lose all weight1 & ,i produce f> less conviction ?an :5 ,i prais$ )9 human limitations4 ,i d n "k h[ my fri5d w look on ?is po9t1 7= 8 judgm5t on ! :ole "q p]plexes me1 & ! views :i* ,i call sob] he names prosaic17 b ,i _c resi/ ! conviction t univ]sal common-s5se w\ld h reject$ ! tea*+ ( ! ,elev5 ) contempt1 if !y _h pres5t$1 z ! basis ( ! gospel _! p]sonal te/imony to ! godlike & unapproa*able moral absolutism ( ,jesus4 ,b ev5 if su* a basis 0 possible to ! ,elev51 x 0 impossible to ,paul & ,silvanus & ,timo?y & ,b>nabas & ,apollos1 & ! o!r successful prea*]s to ! ,g5tiles4 ,high moral goodness1 )9 human limitations1 0 und\bt$ly ann\nc$ z a fact ( ! life ( ,jesus2 b ^u ?is foll[$ ! sup]natural claims1 & ! argum5t ( prophecy2 )\t :i* my fri5d desires to build up 8 view1--,i h ?us develop$ :y ,i ?9k he has no "r to claim ,ca?olicity = 8 judgm5t4 ,i h risk$ to be t$i\s1 because ,i f9d t :5 ,i speak concisely1 ,i am enorm\sly misappreh5d$4 ,i close ?is topic by obs]v+1 t1 ! great animosity ) :i* my v mild intimations aga9/ ! popul> view h be5 met f num]\s qu>t]s1 %[ me t ,*ri/ians d n all[ ?is subject to be calmly debat$1 end h n come to _! own conclusion z ! result ( a calm debate4 ,& ?is is amply corroborat$ by my own consci\sness ( ! pa/ ,i nev] d>$1 nor c\ld h d>$1 to criticize coolly & simply ! pret5sions ( ,jesus to be an absolute model ( morality1 until ,i _h be5 deliv]$ f ! weight ( au?ority & miracle1 oppress+ my critical p[]s4 ,,iii4 ,i h be5 ass]t+1 t he :o believes ,jesus to be m]e man1 ought at once to believe 8 moral excell5ce f9ite & comp>able to t ( o!r m52 &1 t our judgm5t to ?is effect _c be reasonably ov]borne by ! univ]sal cons5t ( ,*ri/5dom4--,?us f> we are deal+ priori1 :i* "h fully satisfies me3 9 su* an argum5t ,i ne$ no po/]iori evid5ce to arrive at my own conclusion4 ,nev]!less1 ,i am met by taunts & clam\r1 :i* are n meant to be indec5t1 b :i* to my feel+ are su*4 ,my critics po9t triumphantly to ! f\r gospels1 & dem& t ,i w make a p]sonal attack on a "* :i* !y rev]e1 ev5 :5 !y "k t ,i _c d s )\t giv+ great (f5ce4 ,n[ if any "o 7 to call my old s*oolma/]1 or my old p>i% prie/1 a p]fect & univ]sal ,model1 & 7 to claim t ,i w\ld entitle him ,"l1 & ?9k ( him z ! only true revelation ( ,god2 %\ld ,i n be at lib]ty to say1 )\t disrespect1 t ,i mo/ emphatically deprecate su* extravagant claims = him8 ,w\ld ?is ju/ify an outcry1 t ,i w publicly av[ :at ,i judge to be 8 defects ( "*1 & w prove to all 8 admir]s t he 0 a s9n] l o!r m58 ,su* a dem& w\ld be ?\ght1 ,i believe1 highly unbecom+ & extremely unreasonable4 ,may n my mode/y1 or my reg>d = 8 memory1 or my unwill+ness to pa9 8 family1 be accept$ z suffici5t reasons = sil5ce8 or w\ld any "o sc(f+ly attribute my reluctance to attack him1 to my consci\s inability to make good my case aga9/ 8 be+ ,god manife/ 9 ! fle%8 ,n[ :at1 if "o ( 8 admir]s _h writt5 panegyrical memorials ( him2 & 8 "*1 !re9 describ$1 0 s faultless1 t a /rang] to him 0 n able to descry any moral defeat :atev] 9 x8 ,is su* a /rang] b\nd to believe him to be ! ,div9e ,/&>d ( morals1 unless he c put 8 f+] on c]ta9 passages ( ! book :i* imply weaknesses & faults8 ,& is x insult+ a man1 to refuse to wor%ip him8 ,i utt]ly prote/ aga9/ e su* pret5ce4 ,z ,i h an inf9itely /rong] conviction t ,%akespe>e 0 n 9 intellect ,div9ely & ,unapproa*ably p]fect1 ?an t ,i c c]ta9ly po9t out 9 him "s def9ite intellectual defect2 z1 moreov]1 ,i am va/ly m sure t ,socrates 0 morally imp]fect1 ?an t ,i am able to c5sure him rightly2 s also1 a disputant :o conc$es to me t ,jesus is a m]e man1 has no "r to claim t ,i w po9t out "s moral flaw 9 him1 or else ackn[l$ge him to be a ,unique ,unp>allel$ ,div9e ,s\l4 ,x is true1 ,i d see defects1 & v s]i\s ones1 9 ! "* ( ,jesus1 z drawn by 8 disciples2 b ,i _c admit t my "r to dis[n ! pret5sions made = him turns on my ability to def9e 8 frailties4 ,z long z 79 common ) my fri5d7 ,i reg>d ,jesus z a man1 s long ,i hold ) dogmatic & int5se conviction ! inf]5ce t he 0 morally imp]fect1 & ought n to be held up z unapproa*able 9 goodness2 b ,i h1 9 comp>ison1 only a mode/ belief t ,i am able to %[ 8 po9ts ( weakness4 ,:ile !re=e 9 ob$i5ce to ?is call1 :i* has ris5 f _m qu>t]s1 ,i ?9k x "r n to refuse ! odi\s task press$ ^u me1--,i yet prote/ t my conclusion does n dep5d ^u x4 ,i might c5sure ,socrates unju/ly1 or at lea/ )\t conv9c+ my read]s1 if ,i attempt$ t task2 b my failure w\ld n ?r[ a fea!r's weight into ! argum5t t ,socrates 0 a ,div9e ,unique & univ]sal ,model4 ,if ,i write note :at is pa9ful to read]s1 ,i beg !m to rememb] t ,i write ) mu* reluctance1 & t x is _! own fault if !y read4 ,9 approa*+ ?is subject1 ! fir/ difficulty is1 to "k h[ mu* ( ! f\r gospels to accept z fact4 ,if we c\ld believe ! :ole1 x w\ld be easi] to argue2 b my fri5d ,m>t9eau 7) me7 rejects belief ( _m p>ts3 = in/ance1 he has b a v feeble conviction t ,jesus ev] spoke ! disc\rses attribut$ to him 9 ,john's gospel4 ,if !re=e ,i 7 to f\nd ^u ^! "s imputation ( moral weakness1 he w\ld reply1 t we are agre$ 9 sett+ ^! aside1 z untru/wor?y4 ,yet he p]sev]es 9 ass]t+ t x is beyond all reasonable "q :at ,jesus 02 z ?\gh prov5 inaccuracies 9 all ! n>ratives did n make ! results unc]ta94 ,he says t ev5 ! poor & un$ucat$ are fully impress$ ) ! maje/y & sanctity ( ,*ri/'s m9d2 z if ?is 7 :at ,i am fundam5tally d5y+2 & n1 only s f> z w\ld transc5d ! kn[n limits ( human nature3 surely maje/y & sanctity are n inconsi/5t ) _m weaknesses4 ,b our judgm5t conc]n+ a man's motives1 8 temp]1 & 8 full conque/ ov] self1 vanity & impulsive passion1 dep5ds on ! accurate k ( a va/ v>iety ( m9or po9ts2 ev5 ! curl ( ! lip1 or ! discord ( eye & m\?1 may *ange our moral judgm5t ( a man2 :ile1 alike to my fri5d & me x is c]ta9 t mu* ( :at is /at$ is untrue4 ,mu* moreov] ( :at he holds to be untrue does n seem s to any b to ! highly educat$4 ,9 spite !re=e ( 8 able reply1 ,i abide 9 my op9ion t he is unreasonably endeav\r+ to erect :at is ess5tially a piece ( d\btful biography & difficult lit]>y criticism into fir/-rate religi\s importance4 ,i %all h[ev] try to pick up a few details :i* seem1 z mu* z any1 to des]ve cr$it1 conc]n+ ! pret5sions1 doctr9e & conduct ( ,jesus4 ,fir/1 ,i believe t he habitually spoke ( himself by ! title ,son ( ,man--a fact :i* p]vades all ! acc\nts1 & 0 likely to rivet itself on 8 he>]s4 ,nobody b he himself ev] calls him ,son ( ,man4 ,secondly ,i believe t 9 assum+ ?is title he tacitly allud$ to ! vii? *apt] ( ,daniel1 & claim$ = himself ! ?rone ( judgm5t ov] all mank9d4--,i "k no reason to d\bt t he actually deliv]$ 79 sub/ance7 ! disc\rse 9 ,mat?4 xxv4 ,:5 ! ,son ( ,man %all come 9 8 glory1444 be=e him %all be ga!r$ all nations1444 & he %all sep>ate !m1 c4 c43 & ,i believe t by ! ,son ( ,man & ! ,k+ he meant himself4 ,comp>e ,luke xii4 #dj1 ix4 #ef4 ,?irdly1 ,i believe t he habitually assum$ ! au?oritative dogmatic tone ( "o :o 0 a univ]sal ,tea*] 9 moral & spiritual matt]s1 & enunciat$ z a prim>y duty ( m5 to le>n submissively ( 8 wisdom & ackn[l$ge 8 supremacy4 ,?is elem5t 9 8 "*1 ! prea*+ ( himself is enorm\sly exp&$ 9 ! f\r? gospel1 b x di/9ctly exi/s 9 ,mat!w4 ,?us 9 ,mat?4 xxiii #h3 ,be n ye call$ ,rabbi tea*]1 = "o is y\r ,tea*]1 ev5 ,*ri/2 & all ye are bre?r5444 ,mat?4 x4 #cb3 ,:osoev] %all confess ,,me be=e m51 him w ,i confess be=e my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5444 ,he t love? fa!r or "m m ?an ,,me is n wor?y ( ,,me1 c4444 ,mat?4 xi4 #bg3 ,all ?+s are deliv]$ unto ,,me ( my ,fa!r2 & no man kn[e? ! ,son b ! ,fa!r2 nei!r kn[e? any man ! ,fa!r1 save ! ,son2 & he to :omsoev] ! ,son w reveal him4 ,come unto ,,me1 all ye t lab\r1444 & ,i w give y re/4 ,take ,,my yoke ^u y1 c4 ,my fri5d1 ,i f9d1 rejects ,jesus z an au?oritative tea*]1 di/9ctly d5ies t ! acceptance ( ,jesus 9 ?is "* is any condition ( salvation & ( ! div9e fav\r1 & treats ( my dem& ( an oracul> ,*ri/1 z inconsi/5t ) my own pr9ciples4 ,b ?is is m]e misconception ( :at ,i h said4 ,i f9d ,jesus himself to set up oracul> claims4 ,i f9d an assumption ( pre-em95ce & unapproa*able moral wisdom to p]vade e disc\rse f end to end ( ! gospels4 ,if ,i may n believe t ,jesus assum$ an oracul> mann]1 ,i d n "k :at moral peculi>ity 9 him ,i am p]mitt$ to believe4 ,i d n dem& 7z my fri5d seems to ?9k7 t he %all be oracul>1 b 9 common ) all ,*ri/5dom1 ,i op5 my eyes & see t he is2 & until ,i _h read my fri5d's review ( my book1 ,i nev] und]/ood 7,i suppose ?r\gh my own prepossessions7 t he holds ,jesus n to h assum$ ! oracul> /yle4 ,if ,i cut out f ! f\r gospels ?is peculi>ity1 ,i mu/ cut out1 n only ! claim ( ,messiah%ip1 :i* my fri5d admits to h be5 made1 b ne>ly e moral disc\rse & e controv]sy3 & :y8 except 9 ord] to make good a pr$et]m9$ belief t ,jesus 0 morally p]fect4 ,:at reason c be giv5 me = n believ+ t ,jesus decl>$3 ,if any "o d5y ,,me be=e m51 him w ,i d5y be=e my ,fa!r & 8 angels8 or any ( ! o!r texts :i* c\ple ! fav\r ( ,god ) a submission to su* pret5sions ( ,jesus8 ,i c f9d no reason :atev] = d\bt+ t he prea*$ ,,himself to 8 disciples1 ?\gh 9 ! ?ree fir/ gospels he is r timid ( do+ ?is to ! ,ph>isees & to ! nation at l>ge4 ,i f9d him uni=mly to claim1 sometimes 9 tone1 sometimes 9 di/9ct words1 t we w sit at 8 feet z little *ildr5 & le>n ( him4 ,i f9d him ready to answ] (f-h&1 all difficult que/ions1 critical & lawy]-l1 z well z moral4 ,true1 x is no t5et ( m9e t intellectual & lit]>y atta9m5t is ess5tial 9 an individual p]son to high spiritual em95ce4 ,true1 9 ano!r book ,i h elaborately ma9ta9$ ! contr>y4 ,yet 9 t book ,i h describ$ m5's spiritual progress z (t5 arre/$ at a c]ta9 /age by a want ( intellectual developm5t2 :i* surely w\ld indicate t ,i believ$ ev5 intellectual blund]s & an inf9itely p]fect exhau/ive morality to be incompatible4 ,b our "q "h 7or at lea/ my "q7 is n1 :e!r ,jesus might mis9t]pret prophecy1 & yet be morally p]fect2 b :e!r1 aft] assum+ to be an oracul> tea*]1 he c tea* "s fanatical precepts1 & advance dogmatically weak & fooli% argum5ts1 )\t impair+ our s5se ( 8 absolute moral p]fection4 ,i d n ?9k x useless "h to repeat 7?\gh n = my fri5d7 concise reasons :i* ,i gave 9 my fir/ edition aga9/ admitt+ dictatorial claims = ,jesus4 ,fir/1 x is an unplausible op9ion t ,god w\ld deviate f 8 ord9>y c\rse1 9 ord] to give u any?+ s undesirable z an au?oritative ,oracle w\ld be2--:i* w\ld p>alyze our moral p[]s1 exactly z an infallible *ur* does1 9 ! v proportion 9 :i* we succe$$ 9 elicit+ responses f x4 ,x is n ne$ful "h to repeat :at has be5 said to t effect 9 p4 #ach4 ,secondly1 !re is no imag9able crit]ion1 by :i* we c e/abli% t ! wisdom ( a tea*] is absolute & illimitable4 ,all t we c possibly discov]1 is ! relative fact1 t ano!r is wis] ?an we3 & ev5 ?is is liable to be ov]turn$ on special po9ts1 z soon z diff]5ces ( judgm5t arise4 ,?irdly1 :ile x is by no means cle> :at are ! new tru?s1 = :i* we are to lean ^u ! decisions ( ,jesus1 x is c]ta9 t we h no g5u9e & tru/wor?y acc\nt ( 8 tea*+4 ,if ,god _h int5d$ u to receive ! au?oritative dicta ( ,jesus1 he w\ld h furni%$ u ) an unblemi%$ record ( ^? dicta4 ,to all[ t we h n ?is1 & t we mu/ dis5tangle = ourselves 7by a mo/ difficult & unc]ta9 process7 ! true say+s ( ,jesus1 is surely self-refut+4 ,f\r?ly1 if ,i mu/ sit 9 judgm5t on ! claims ( ,jesus to be ! true ,messiah & ,son ( ,god1 h[ c ,i conc5trate all my free ?\ght into t "o act1 & !nce=? ab&on free ?\ght8 ,?is appe>s a moral suicide1 :e!r ,messiah or ! ,pope is ! object :om we fir/ criticize1 9 ord] to in/al him ov] u1 & !n1 = ev] aft]1 refuse to criticize4 ,9 %ort1 we _c build up a sy/em ( ,oracles on a basis ( ,free ,criticism4 ,if we are to submit our judgm5t to ! dictation ( "s o!r1--:e!r a *ur* or an individual1--we mu/ be fir/ subject$ to t o!r by "s ev5t f )\t1 z by bir?2 & n by a process ( t v judgm5t :i* is h5ce=? to be sacrific$4 ,b f ?is ,i proce$ to consid] m 9 detail1 "s po9ts 9 ! tea*+ & conduct ( ,jesus1 :i* d n appe> to me consi/5t ) absolute p]fection4 ,! argum5t ( ,jesus conc]n+ ! tribute to ,cs> is s dramatic1 z to /rike ! imag9ation & re/ on ! memory2 & ,i "k no reason = d\bt+ t x has be5 correctly report$4 ,! book ( ,deut]onomy 7xvii4 #ae7 di/9ctly =bids ,israel to set ov] himself z k+ any :o is n a native ,israelite2 :i* appe>$ to be a religi\s condemnation ( submission to ,cs>4 ,accord+ly1 s9ce ,jesus assum$ ! tone ( unlimit$ wisdom1 "s ( ,h]od's p>ty ask$ him1 :e!r x 0 lawful to pay tribute to ,cs>4 ,jesus repli$3 ,:y tempt ye me1 hypocrites8 ,%[ me ! tribute money4 ,:5 "o ( ! co9s 0 h&$ to him1 he ask$3 ,^: image & sup]scription is ?is8 ,:5 !y repli$3 ,cs>'s1 he gave 8 au?oritative decision3 ,r5d] !re=e to ,cs> ! ?+s t are ,cs>'s4 ,9 ?is reply n only ! poor & un$ucat$1 b _m likewise ( ! ri* & educat$1 recognize maje/y & sanctity3 yet ,i f9d x h>d to ?9k t my /rong-m9d$ fri5d w def5d ! ju/ness1 wisdom & hone/y ( x4 ,to imag9e t because a co9 be>s ,cs>'s head1 !re=e x is ,cs>'s prop]ty1 & t he may dem& to h z _m ( su* co9s z he *ooses paid ov] to him1 is pu]ile1 & notori\sly false4 ,! circulation ( =eign co9 ( e k9d 0 z common 9 ! ,m$it]ranean !n z n[2 & ev]ybody knew t ! co9 0 ! prop]ty ( ! hold]1 n ( him ^: head x bore4 ,?us ! reply ( ,jesus1 :i* pret5d$ to be a moral decision1 0 uns\nd & absurd3 yet x is utt]$ 9 a tone ( dictatorial wisdom1 & u%]$ 9 by a grave rebuke1 ,:y tempt ye me1 hypocrites8 ,he is g5]ally und]/ood to mean1 ,:y d y try to implicate me 9 a political *>ge8 & x is suppos$ t he prud5tly evad$ ! "q4 ,i h inde$ he>d ?is int]pretation f high ,tr9it>ians2 :i* indicates to me h[ dead is _! moral s5se 9 ev]y?+ :i* conc]ns ! conduct ( ,jesus4 ,no reason appe>s :y he %\ld n h repli$1 t ,moses =bade ,israel volunt>ily to place himself "u a =eign k+1 b did n inculcate fanatical & useless rebellion aga9/ ov]:elm+ p[]4 ,b su* a reply1 :i* w\ld h satisfi$ a m commonplace m9d1 has 9 x no?+ brilliant & /rik+4 ,i _c b ?9k t ,jesus %[s a va9 conceit 9 ! clev]ness ( 8 answ]3 ,i d n ?9k x s likely to h be5 a consci\s evasion4 ,b nei!r does 8 rebuke ( ! que/ion]s at all comm5d itself to me4 ,h[ c any man assume to be an au?oritative tea*]1 & !n claim t m5 %all n put 8 wisdom to ! pro(8 ,0 x n _! duty to d s8 ,& :51 9 result1 ! trial has prov$ ! defect ( 8 wisdom1 did !y n p]=m a useful public s]vice8 ,9 tru?1 ,i _c see ! ,model ,man 9 8 rebuke4--,let n my fri5d say t ! error 0 m]ely intellectual3 blund]+ self-suffici5cy is a moral weakness4 ,i might g into detail conc]n+ o!r disc\rses1 :]e error & arrogance appe> to me comb9$4 ,b1 n to be t$i\s1--9 g5]al ,i mu/ compla9 t ,jesus purposely adopt$ an enigmatical & pret5ti\s /yle ( tea*+1 un9telligible to 8 he>]s1 & ne$+ explanation 9 private4 ,t ?is 0 8 sy/ematic proc$ure1 ,i believe1 because1 9 spite ( ! great contra/ ( ! f\r? gospel to ! o!rs1 x has ?is peculi>ity 9 common ) !m4 ,*ri/ian div9es are us$ to tell u t ?is mode 0 peculi>ly in/ructive to ! vulg> ( ,juda2 & !y insi/ on ! great wisdom display$ 9 8 *oice ( ! lucid p>abolical /yle4 ,b 9 ,mat?4 xiii4 #aj-ae1 ,jesus is made confid5tially to av[ precisely ! opposite reason1 viz4 t he desires ! vulg> n to und]/& him1 b only ! select few to :om he gives private explanations4 ,i confess ,i believe ! ,evangeli/ r ?an ! mod]n ,div9e4 ,i _c conceive h[ s /range a notion c\ld ev] h possess$ ! companions ( ,jesus1 if x _h n be5 true4 ,if really ?is p>abolical me?od _h be5 peculi>ly intelligible1 :at c\ld make !m imag9e ! contr>y8 ,unless !y f\nd x v obscure !mselves1 :5ce came ! idea t x 0 obscure to ! multitude8 ,z a fact1 x is v obscure1 to ?is day4 ,!re is mu* t ,i mo/ imp]fectly und]/&1 ow+ to unexpla9$ metaphor3 z3 ,agree ) ?9e adv]s>y quickly1 c4 c43 ,:oso calls 8 bro!r#b a fool1 is 9 dang] ( hell fire3 ,e "o mu/ be salt$ ) fire1 & e sacrifice salt$ ) salt4 ,h salt 9 y\rselves1 & be at peace ) "o ano!r4 ,n[ e man ( orig9al & s+ul> g5ius has 8 own =ms ( ?\ght2 9 s f> z !y are natural1 we mu/ n compla91 if to u !y are obscure4 ,b ! mom5t affectation comes 91 !y no long] are reconcilable ) ! p]fect "*3 !y indicate vanity1 & incipi5t sac]dotalism4 ,! di/9ct notice t ,jesus avoid$ to exp\nd 8 p>ables to ! multitude1 & made ?is a boon to ! privileg$ few2 & t )\t a p>able he spake n to ! multitude2 & ! pi\s explanation1 t ?is 0 a fulfilm5t ( ,prophecy1 ,i w op5 my m\? 9 p>ables1 ,i w utt] d>k say+s on ! h>p1 p]suade me t ! impression ( ! disciples 0 a deep reality4 ,& x is 9 entire keep+ ) ! g5]al n>rative1 :i* %[s 9 him s mu* ( my/ical assumption4 ,/rip ! p>ables ( ! imag]y1 & y f9d t sometimes "o ?\ght has be5 di%$ up f\r or five times1 & g5]ally1 t an idea is dress$ into sacr$ gr&eur4 ,?is my/ical me?od made a little wisdom g a great way ) ! multitude2 & to su* a mode ( economiz+ res\rces ! in/9ct ( ! un$ucat$ man betakes itself1 :5 he is claim+ to act a "p = :i* he is imp]fectly prep>$4 ,x is common ) or?odox ,*ri/ians to take = grant$1 t unbelief ( ,jesus 0 a s91 & belief a m]it1 at a "t :5 no rational gr\nds ( belief 7 z yet public4 ,c]ta9ly1 :oev] asks que/ions ) a view to prove ,jesus1 is spok5 ( vitup]at+ly 9 ! gospels2 & x does appe> to me t ! preval5t ,*ri/ian belief is a true e*o ( ,jesus's own feel+4 ,he dislik$ be+ put to ! pro(4 ,in/ead ( rejoic+ 9 x1 z a true & upright man ought1--in/ead ( blam+ ^? :o accept 8 pret5sions on too slight gr\nds1--in/ead ( enc\rag+ full inquiry & giv+ frank explanations1 he res5ts d\bt1 %uns ev]y?+ t w te/ him1 is v obscure z to 8 own pret5sions1 7s z to ne$ prob+ & positive que/ions1 :e!r he does or does n pr(ess to be ,messiah17 & yet is delight$ at all easy belief4 ,:5 ask$ = miracles1 he sighs & groans at ! unreasonabl5ess ( x2 yet does n hone/ly & pla9ly r5\nce pret5sion to miracle1 z ,mr4 ,m>t9eau w\ld1 b leaves room = cr$it to himself = z _m miracles z ! cr$ul\s are will+ to impute to him4 ,x is possible t "h ! n>rative is unju/ to 8 memory4 ,s f> f be+ ! picture ( p]fection1 x sometimes seems to me ! picture ( a consci\s & wilful impo/or4 ,8 g5]al "* is too high = ?is2 & ,i !re=e make d$uctions f ! acc\nt4 ,/ill1 ,i d n see h[ ! pres5t n>rative c\ld h gr[n up1 if he _h be5 really simple & /raight-=w>d1 & n p]v]t$ by 8 ess5tially false position4 ,enigma & mi/ seem to be 8 elem5t2 & :5 ,i f9d 8 high satisfaction at all p]sonal recognition & b[+ be=e 8 individuality1 ,i almo/ d\bt :e!r1 if "o wi%$ to draw ! "* ( a va9 & vacillat+ pret5d]1 x w\ld be possible to draw any?+ m to ! purpose ?an ?is4 ,8 g5]al rule 7be=e a c]ta9 date7 is1 to be cauti\s 9 public1 b bold 9 private to ! fav\r$ few4 ,i _c ?9k t su* a "*1 appe>+ n[1 w\ld seem to my fri5d a p]fect model ( a man4 ,no precept be>s on its face cle>] m>ks ( com+ f ! g5u9e ,jesus1 ?an t ( sell+ all & foll[+ him4 ,?is 0 8 orig9al call to 8 disciples4 ,x 0 enunciat$ au?oritatively on v>i\s occasions4 ,x is incorporat$ ) precepts ( p]petual obligation1 9 su* a way1 t we _c )\t ! greate/ viol5ce pret5d t he did n int5d x z a precept#c to all 8 disciples4 ,9 ,luke xii4 #bb-dj1 he addresses ! disciples collectively aga9/ ,av>ice2 & a "p ( ! disc\rse is3 ,fe> n1 little flock2 = x is y\r ,fa!r's good pleasure to give y ! k+dom4 ,sell t ye h1 & give alms3 provide y\rselves bags t wax n old2 a treasure 9 ! heav5s t faile? n1 c4444 ,let y\r lo9s be gird$ ab\t1 & y\r lights burn+1 c4 ,to say t he 0 n int5d+ to tea* a univ]sal morality1#d is to admit t 8 precepts are a trap2 = !y !n mix up & conf\nd m]e cont+5t duties ) univ]sal sacr$ obligations1 enunciat+ all 9 ! same brea?1 & ) ! same solemnity4 ,i _c ?9k t ,jesus int5d$ any sep>ation4 ,9 fact1 :5 a ri* "y man ask$ ( him :at he %\ld d1 t he might inh]it et]nal life1 & plead$ t he _h kept ! t5 comm&m5ts1 b felt t to be insuffici5t1 ,jesus said unto him3 ,if ?\ wilt be p]fect1 g & sell t ?\ ha/1 & give to ! poor1 & ?\ %alt h treasure 9 heav53 s t ! duty 0 n cont+5t ^u ! peculi>ity ( a man possess+ apo/olic gifts1 b 0 ) ,jesus ! normal pa? = all :o desir$ p]fection4 ,:5 ! "y man w5t away sorr[+1 ,jesus moraliz$ on x1 say+3 ,h[ h>dly %all a ri* man ent] into ! k+dom ( heav53 :i* aga9 %[s1 t an abrupt r5unciation ( weal? 0 to be ! g5]al & ord9>y me?od ( ent]+ ! k+dom4 ,h]eupon1 :5 ! disciples ask$3 ,lo6 we h =sak5 all1 & foll[$ !e3 :at %all we h !re=e8 ,jesus1 in/ead ( rebuk+ _! self-righte\sness1 promis$ !m z a rew>d1 t !y %\ld sit ^u twelve#e ?rones1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 ,a precept ?us sy/ematically en=c$1 is illu/rat$ by ! practice1 n only ( ! twelve1 b app>5tly ( ! sev5ty1 & :at is /rong] /ill1 by ! practice ( ! five ?\s& disciples aft] ! celebrat$ days ( ! fir/ ,p5teco/4 ,!re 0 no long] a ,jesus on e>? to it9]ate )1 yet ! disciples 9 ! f]v\r ( fir/ love obey$ 8 precept3 ! ri* sold _! possessions1 & laid ! price at ! apo/les' feet4 ,! mis*iefs inh]5t 9 su* a precept rapidly %[$ !mselves1 & good s5se correct$ ! error4 ,b ?is v fact proves mo/ emphatically t ! precept 0 pre-apo/olic1 & came f ! g5u9e ,jesus2 o!rwise x c\ld nev] h f\nd its way into ! gospels4 ,x is und5iable1 t ! fir/ disciples1 by ^: tradition alone we h any record ( :at ,jesus taught1 und]/ood him to deliv] ?is precept to all :o desir$ to ent] into ! k+dom ( heav51--all :o desir$ to be p]fect3 :y !n are we to refuse belief1 & rem\ld ! precepts ( ,jesus till !y please our own morality8 ,?is is n ! way to le>n hi/orical fact4 ,t to inculcate religi\s begg>y z ! only =m & mode ( spiritual p]fection1 is fanatical & mis*iev\s1 ev5 ! *ur* ( ,rome w admit4 ,prote/ants univ]sally reject x z a deplorable absurdity2--n m]ely weal?y bi%ops1 squires & m]*ants1 b ! poore/ curate also4 ,a man c\ld n prea* su* doctr9e 9 a ,prote/ant pulpit )\t incurr+ deep reprobation & contempt2 b :5 prea*$ by ,jesus1 x is extoll$ z div9e wisdom1--& disobey$4 ,n[ ,i _c look on ?is z a pure intellectual error1 consi/5t ) moral p]fection4 ,a deep mi/ake z to ! nature ( su* p]fection seems to me inh]5t 9 ! precept itself2 a mi/ake :i* indicates a moral uns\ndness4 ,! conduct ( ,jesus to ! ri* "y man appe>s to me a melan*oly exhibition ( p]v]se doctr9e1 "u an o/5tation ( sup]ior wisdom4 ,! "y man ask$ = bread & ,jesus gave him a /one4 ,ju/ly he w5t away sorr[ful1 at receiv+ a reply :i* 8 consci5ce reject$ z false & fooli%4 ,b ?is is n all ,jesus 0 necess>ily on trial1 :5 any "o1 h[ev] s9c]e1 came to ask que/ions s deeply prob+ ! quality ( 8 wisdom z ?is3 ,h[ may ,i be p]fect8 & to be on trial 0 always disagreeable to him4 ,he fir/ gave ! reply1 ,keep ! comm&m5ts2 & if ! "y man _h be5 satisfi$1 & _h gone away1 x appe>s t ,jesus w\ld h be5 glad to be rid ( him3 = 8 tone is magi/]ial1 decisive & f9al4 ,?is1 ,i confess1 sugge/s to me1 t ! aim ( ,jesus 0 n s mu* to enlight5 ! "y man1 z to /op 8 m\?1 & keep up 8 own o/5tation ( omnisci5ce4 ,_h he desir$ to enlight5 him1 surely no m]e dry dogmatic comm& 0 ne$$1 b an intellig5t guidance ( a will+ & tru/+ s\l4 ,i d n pret5d to c]ta9 k 9 ^! matt]s4 ,ev5 :5 we he> ! tones ( voice & wat* ! features1 we (t5 mi/ake4 ,we h no su* means "h ( *eck+ ! n>rative4 ,b ! be/ g5]al result :i* ,i c draw f ! imp]fect mat]ials1 is :at ,i h said4 ,aft] ! m]it ( sell+ all & foll[+ ,jesus1 a second m]it1 n small1 01 to receive ^? :om he s5t4 ,9 ,matt4 x41 we read t he s5ds out 8 twelve disciples1 7also sev5ty 9 ,luke17 m5 at t "t 9 a v l[ /ate ( religions developm5t1--m5 :o did n !mselves "k :at ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 meant1--to deliv] 9 e village & t[n a m]e =mula ( words3 ,rep5t ye3 = ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is at h&4 ,!y 7 ord]$ to g )\t money1 scrip or cloak1 b to live on religi\s alms2 & x is add$1--t if any h\se or city does n receive !m1 x %all be m tol]able = ,sodom & ,gomorrha 9 ! day ( judgm5t ?an = x4 ,he adds1 v4 #dj3 ,he t receive? y1 receive? me1 & he t receive? me1 receive? ,,him t s5t me4--,i q admit1 t 9 all probability x 0 7on ! :ole7 ! m pi\s "p ( ,israel :i* 0 likely to receive ^! ignorant mission>ies2 b inasmu* z !y _h no claims :atev]1 intr9sic or extr9sic1 to rev]5ce1 x appe>s to me a v extravagant & fanatical s5tim5t ?us emphatically to c\ple ! fav\r or wra? ( ,god ) _! reception or rejection4 ,a ?ird1 yet great] m]it 9 ! eyes ( ,jesus1 01 to ackn[l$ge him z ! ,messiah pr$ict$ by ! prophets1 :i* he 0 n1 accord+ to my fri5d4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w 7xvi4 #ac71 ,jesus put lead+ que/ions to ! disciples 9 ord] to elicit a confession ( 8 ,messiah%ip1 & emphatically bless$ ,simon = mak+ ! av[al :i* he desir$2 b in/antly =bade !m to tell ! great secret to any "o4 ,unless ?is is to be disc>d$ z fiction1 ,jesus1 al?\gh to 8 disciples 9 secret he confid5tly assum$ ,messianic pret5sions1 _h a j inw>d misgiv+1 :i* acc\nts bo? = 8 elation at ,simon's av[al1 & = 8 prohibition to publi% x4 ,9 admitt+ t ,jesus 0 n ! ,messiah ( ! prophets1 my fri5d says1 t if ,jesus 7 less ?an ,messiah1 we c rev]5ce him no long]2 b t he 0 m ?an ,messiah4 ,?is is to me un9telligible4 ,! ,messiah :om he claim$ to be1 0 n only ! son ( ,david1 celebrat$ 9 ! prophets1 b emphatically ! ,son ( ,man ( ,daniel vii41 :o %all come 9 ! cl\ds ( heav51 to take dom9ion1 glory & k+dom1 t all p1 nations & languages %all s]ve him1--an ev]la/+ k+dom :i* %all n pass away4 ,h[ ,jesus himself int]prets 8 supremacy1 z ,son ( ,man1 9 ,matt4 x41 xi41 xxiii41 xxv41 & else:]e1 ,i h already obs]v$4 ,to claim su* a "*1 seems to me l plung+ f a p9nacle ( ! temple4 ,if miracul\s p[] holds him up & makes good 8 d>+1 he is m ?an man2 b if o!rwise1 to h fail$ w break all 8 bones4 ,i c no long] give ! same human rev]5ce z be=e to "o :o has be5 s$uc$ into vanity s egregi\s2 & ,i feel assur$ priori t su* presumption mu/ h entangl$ him into evasions & ins9c]ities1 :i* naturally end 9 crook$ness ( consci5ce & real impo/ure1 h[ev] noble a man's comm5cem5t1 & h[ev] un%r9k+ 8 sacrifices ( goods & ease & life4 ,! "t arriv$ at la/1 :5 ,jesus felt t he mu/ publicly ass]t ,messiah%ip2 & ?is 0 c]ta9 to br+ ?+s to an issue4 ,i suppose him to h hop$ t he 0 ,messiah1 until hope & ! enc\ragem5t giv5 him by ,pet] & o!rs grew into a p]suasion /rong en\gh to act ^u1 b n always /rong en\gh to /ill misgiv+s4 ,i say1 ,i suppose ?is2 b ,i build no?+ on my supposition4 ,i h[ev] see1 t :5 he _h resolv$ to claim ,messiah%ip publicly1 "o ( two results 0 inevitable1 if t claim 0 ill-f\nd$3--viz41 ei!r he mu/ h become an impo/or1 9 ord] to scre5 8 weakness2 or1 he mu/ h retract$ 8 pret5sions amid mu* humiliation1 & h retir$ into privacy to le>n sob] wisdom4 ,f ^! alt]natives !re 0 escape only by dea?1 & ^u dea? ,jesus purposely ru%$4 ,all ,*ri/5dom has always believ$ t ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 volunt>ily incurr$2 & unless no man ev] became a wilful m>tyr1 ,i _c conceive :y we are to d\bt ! fact conc]n+ ,jesus4 ,:5 he resolv$ to g up to ,j]usalem1 he 0 w>n$ by 8 disciples ( ! dang]2 b s f> 0 he f be+ bl9d to x1 t he di/9ctly ann\nc$ to !m t he knew he %\ld suff] 9 ,j]usalem ! %ameful dea? ( a malefactor4 ,on 8 arrival 9 ! suburbs1 8 fir/ act 01 o/5tati\sly to ride into ! city on an ass's colt 9 ! mid/ ( ! acclamations ( ! multitude1 9 ord] to exhibit himself z hav+ a j "r to ! ?rone ( ,david4 ,?us he gave a h&le to imputations ( int5d$ treason4--,he next ent]$ ! temple c\rts1 :]e doves & lambs 7 sold = sacrifice1 &--7,i mu/ say x to my fri5d's amusem5t1 & 9 defiance ( 8 k9d b ke5 ridicule17 committ$ a brea* ( ! peace by flogg+ ) a :ip ^? :o traffick$ 9 ! area4 ,by su* conduct he und\bt$ly made himself liable to legal puni%m5t1 & probably might h be5 publicly sc\rg$ = x1 _h ! rul]s *os5 to mod]ate _! v5geance4 ,b he meant to be prosecut$ = treason1 n = felony1 to use ! words ( a mod]n (f5d]4 ,he !re=e comm5c$ ! mo/ exasp]at+ attacks on all ! p[]ful1 call+ !m hypocrites & :it$ sepul*res & vip]s' brood2 & d5\nc+ ^u !m ! condemnation ( hell4 ,he 0 successful4 ,he _h bo? enrag$ ! rul]s up to ! po9t ( ?ir/+ = 8 life1 & giv5 col\r to ! *>ge ( political rebellion4 ,he resolv$ to die2 & he di$4 ,_h 8 enemies contemptu\sly let him live1 he w\ld h be5 =c$ to act ! "p ( ,jewi% ,messiah1 or r5\nce ,messiah%ip4 ,if any "o holds ,jesus to be n am5able to ! laws ( human morality1 ,i am n n[ reason+ ) su* a "o4 ,b if any "o claims = him a human p]fection1 !n ,i say t 8 conduct on ?is occasion 0 nei!r laudable nor ju/ifiable2 f> o!rwise4 ,!re are cases 9 :i* life may be ?r[n away = a great cause2 z :5 a lead] 9 battle ru%es ^u c]ta9 dea?1 9 ord] to animate 8 own m52 b ! case be=e u has no simil>ity to t4 ,if our acc\nts are n :olly false1 ,jesus kn[+ly & purposely exasp]at$ ! rul]s into a great crime1--! crime ( tak+ 8 life f p]sonal res5tm5t4 ,8 inflammatory addresses to ! multitude h be5 def5d$ z foll[s3 ,! prophetic ,_s is sometimes oblivi\s ( ! rules ( ! draw+-room2 & inspir$ ,consci5ce1 l ! inspir+ ,god1 see+ a hypocrite1 w take ! lib]ty to say s1 & act accord+ly4 ,are ! sup]ficial am5ities1 ! soo?+ fictions1 ! smo!r+s ( ! burn+ he>t1444 really p>am\nt 9 ?is _w1 & nev] to give way8 & :5 a s\l ( p[]1 unable to refra91 rubs (f1 ?\gh x be ) rasp+ words1 all ! v>ni% f rott5ness & lies1 is he to be tri$ 9 our c\rts ( complim5t = a misdemeanor8 ,is !re nev] a high] duty ?an t ( ei!r pity+ or conv]t+ guilty m51--! duty ( publicly expos+ !m8 ( awak5+ ! popul> consci5ce1 & sweep+ away ! conv5tional timidities1 = a sev]e return to tru? & reality8 ,no rule ( morals c be recogniz$ z j1 :i* prohibits con=mity ( human spee* to fact2 & insi/s on t]ms ( civility be+ kept ) all mann] ( iniquity4 ,i c]ta9ly h n appeal$ to any conv5tional morality ( draw+-room complim5t1 b to ! highe/ & pure/ pr9ciples :i* ,i "k2 & ,i lam5t to f9d my judgm5t s extremely 9 opposition4 ,to me x seems t inability to refra9 %[s weakness1 n p[]1 ( s\l1 & t no?+ is easi] ?an to give v5t to viol5t invective aga9/ bad rul]s4 ,! la/ s5t5ce quot$1 seems to say1 t ! speak+ ( ,tru? is nev] to be condemn$3 b ,i _c agree to ?is4 ,:5 ,tru? w only exasp]ate1 & _c d good1 sil5ce is imp]ative4 ,a man :o reproa*es an arm$ tyrant 9 words too pla91 does b excite him to murd]2 & ! %ock+ ?+ is1 t ?is seems to h be5 ! express object ( ,jesus4 ,no good result c\ld be reasonably expect$4 ,publicly to call m5 9 au?ority by names ( int5se insult1 ! writ] ( ! above di/9ctly sees w nev] conv]t !m2 b he ?9ks x 0 adapt$ to awak5 ! popul> consci5ce4 ,alas6 x ne$s no div9e prophet to inflame a multitude aga9/ ! av>ice1 hypocrisy1 & oppression ( rul]s1 nor any deep inspiration ( consci5ce 9 ! multitude to be wide awake on t po9t !mselves ,a ,publius ,clodius or a ,cleon w d t "w z effici5tly z a ,jesus2 nor does x appe> t ! poor are made bett] by he>+ invectives aga9/ ! ri* & p[]ful4 ,if ,jesus _h be5 aim+1 9 a good cause1 to excite rebellion1 ! mode ( address :i* he assum$ seems highly appropriate2 & 9 su* a calamit\s necessity1 to risk excit+ murd]\s enmity w\ld be ! act ( a h]o3 b z ! acc\nt /&s1 x seems to me ! de$ ( a fanatic4 ,& x is to me manife/ t he ov]did 8 attack1 & fail$ to comm5d x to ! consci5ce ( 8 he>]s4 ,= up to ?is po9t ! multitude 0 9 8 fav\r4 ,he 0 notori\sly s acceptable to ! _m1 z to al>m ! rul]s2 inde$ ! belief ( 8 popul>ity _h %ield$ him f prosecution4 ,b aft] ?is fi]ce address he has no m popul> support4 ,at 8 public trial ! va/ majority judge him to des]ve puni%m5t1 & pref] to ask free =giv5ess = ,b>abbas1 a b&it :o 0 9 prison = murd]4 ,we mod]ns1 nurs$ 9 an arbitr>y belief conc]n+ ^! ev5ts1 dr9k 9 ) our fir/ milk ! assumption t ,jesus alone 0 guiltless1 & all ! o!r actors 9 ?is sad affair inexcusably guilty4 ,let no "o imag9e t ,i def5d = a mom5t ! cruel puni%m5t :i* raw res5tm5t inflict$ on him4 ,b ?\gh ! rul]s felt ! rage ( ,v5geance1 ! p1 :o _h suff]$ no p]sonal wrong1 7 mov$ only by ill-measur$ ,indignation4 ,! multitude love to he> ! p[]ful expos$ & reproa*$ up to a c]ta9 limit2 b if reproa* g cle>ly beyond all t !y feel to be des]v$1 a viol5t s5tim5t reacts on ! head ( ! revil]3 & ?\gh popul> indignation 7ev5 :5 free f ! elem5t ( selfi%ness7 ill fixes ! due measure ( ,puni%m5t1 ,i h a /rong belief t x is righte\s1 :5 x pron\nces ! v]dict ,guilty4 ,does my fri5d d5y t ! dea? ( ,jesus 0 wilfully incurr$8 ,! or?odox n m]ely admit1 b ma9ta9 x4 ,_! cre$ ju/ifies x by ! doctr9e1 t 8 dea? 0 a sacrifice s pleas+ to ,god1 z to expiate ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,?is hone/ly meets ! objections to self-de/ruction2 = h[ bett] c\ld life be us$1 ?an by lay+ x d[n = su* a prize8 ,b besides all o!r difficulties 9 ! v idea ( atonem5t1 ! or?odox cre$ />tles u by ! incr$ible conception1 t a volunt>y sacrifice ( life %\ld be unacceptable to ,god1 unless (f]$ by f]oci\s & impi\s h&s4 ,if ,jesus _h au?ority f ! ,fa!r to lay d[n 8 life1 0 he unable to /ab himself 9 ! des]t1 or on ! sacr$ alt> ( ! ,temple1 )\t involv+ guilt to any human be+8 ,did ,he1 :o is at once ,high ,prie/ & ,victim1 :5 (f]+ up himself & pres5t+ 8 own blood unto ,god1 ne$ any ju/ification = us+ ! sacrificial knife8 ,! or?odox view m cle>ly & un%r9k+ly av[s1 t ,jesus delib]ately goad$ ! wick$ rul]s into ! deep] wick$ness ( murd]+ him2 b on my fri5d's view1 t ,jesus 0 no sacrifice1 b only a ,model man1 8 dea? is an unreliev$ calamity4 ,no?+ b a long & complete life c\ld possibly te/ ! fact ( 8 p]fection2 & ! long] he liv$1 ! bett] = ! _w4 ,9 entire consi/5cy ) 8 previ\s det]m9ation to die1 ,jesus1 :5 arraign$1 refus$ to rebut accusation1 & behav$ z "o plead+ ,guilty4 ,he 0 accus$ ( say+ t if !y de/roy$ ! temple1 he w\ld rebuild x 9 ?ree days2 b h[ ?is 0 to ! purpose1 ! evangeli/s :o "n x d n make cle>4 ,! f\r? h[ev] 7)\t int5d+ s to d7 expla9s x2 & ,i !re=e am dispos$ to believe 8 /atem5t1 ?\gh ,i put no fai? 9 8 long disc\rses4 ,x appe>s 7,john ii4 #ah-bj7 t ,jesus aft] sc\rg+ ! p out ( ! temple-c\rt1 0 ask$ = a sign to ju/ify 8 assum+ s v unusual au?ority3 on :i* he repli$3 ,de/roy ?is temple1 & 9 ?ree days ,i w raise x up4 ,su* a reply 0 reg>d$ z a manife/ evasion2 s9ce he 0 sure t !y w\ld n pull ! temple d[n 9 ord] to try :e!r he c\ld raise x up miracul\sly4 ,n[ if ,jesus really meant :at ! f\r? gospel says he meant2--if he spoke ( ! temple ( 8 body2--h[ 0 any "o to guess t8 ,x _c be d5i$1 t su* a reply1 prim facie1 sugge/$1 t he 0 a wilful impo/or3 0 x n !n 8 obvi\s duty1 :5 ?is accusation 0 br\ght aga9/ him1 to expla9 t 8 words _h be5 my/ical & _h be5 misund]/ood8 ,! =m ( ! imputation 9 ,m>k xiv4 #eh1 w\ld make x possible to imag9e1--if ! ?ree days 7 left out1 & if 8 words 7 n said 9 reply to ! dem& ( a sign1--t ,jesus _h m]ely av[$ t ?\gh ! outw>d ,jewi% temple 7 to be de/roy$1 he w\ld erect a *ur* ( wor%ipp]s z a spiritual temple4 ,if s1 ,john has grossly misrepres5t$ him1 & !n obtrud$ a v f>-fet*$ explanation4 ,b :atev] 0 ! mean+ ( ,jesus1 if x 0 hone/1 ,i ?9k he 0 b\nd to expla9 x2 & n leave a suspicion ( impo/ure to rankle 9 m5's m9ds4#f ,f9ally1 if ! :ole 7 fiction1 & he nev] utt]$ su* words1 !n x 0 8 duty to d5y !m1 & n rema9 dumb l a %eep be=e its %e>]s4 ,aft] he _h confirm$ by 8 sil5ce ! belief t he _h us$ a di%one/ evasion indicative ( consci\sness t he 0 no real ,messiah1 he sudd5ly bur/ out ) a full reply to ! ,high ,prie/'s "q2 & av[$ t he 0 ! ,messiah1 ! ,son ( ,god2 & t !y %\ld h]eaft] see him sitt+ on ! "r-h& ( p[]1 & com+ 9 ! cl\ds ( heav51--( c\rse to ent] into judgm5t on !m all4 ,i am ! less surpriz$ t ?is precipitat$ 8 condemnation1 s9ce he himself seems to h design$ precisely t result4 ,! exasp]ation :i* he _h succe$$ 9 k9dl+ l$ to 8 cruel dea?2 & :5 m5's m9ds _h cool$1 natural horror possess$ !m = su* a retribution on su* a man4 ,8 words _h be5 met ) de$s3 ! provocation he _h giv5 0 unfelt to ^? beyond ! limits ( ,j]usalem2 & to ! ,jews :o assembl$ f di/ant p>ts at ! fea/ ( ,p5teco/ he 0 no?+ b ! image ( a sa9t$ m>tyr4 ,i h giv5 m ?an en\gh indications ( po9ts 9 :i* ! conduct ( ,jesus does n seem to me to h be5 t ( a p]fect man3 h[ any "o c ?9k him a ,univ]sal ,model1 is to me /ill less intelligible4 ,i might say mu* m on ?is subject4 ,b ,i w m]ely add1 t :5 my fri5d gives ! weight ( 8 noble te/imony to ! ,p]fection ( ,jesus1 ,i ?9k x is due to himself & to u t he %\ld make cle> :at he means by ?is ^w ,jesus4 ,he ought to publi%--7,i say x 9 deep s]i\sness1 n s>ca/ically7--an expurgat$ gospel2 = 9 tru? ,i d n "k h[ mu* ( :at ,i h n[ adduc$ f ! gospel z fact1 he w admit to be fact4 ,i neglect1 he tells me1 a high] moral criticism1 :i*1 if ,i rightly und]/&1 w\ld explode1 z evid5tly unwor?y ( ,jesus1 _m ( ! repres5tations p]vad+ ! gospels3 z1 t ,jesus claim$ to be an oracul> tea*]1 & atta*$ spiritual life or dea? to belief or disbelief 9 ?is claim4 ,my fri5d says1 x is beyond all s]i\s "q :at ,jesus 03 b 8 disbelief ( ! n>rative seems to be s mu* wid] ?an m9e1 z to leave me m unc]ta9 ?an ev] ab\t x4 ,if he w /rike out ( ! gospels all t he disbelieves1 & s enable me to und]/& :at is ! ,jesus :om he rev]es1 ,i h s deep a s5se ( 8 moral & critical p[]s1 t ,i am fully prep>$ to expect t he may remove _m ( my prejudices & relieve my objections3 b ,i _c hone/ly say t ,i see ! lea/ probability ( 8 alt]+ my conviction1 t 9 consi/5cy ( goodness ,jesus fell f> bel[ va/ numb]s ( 8 unhon\r$ disciples4 ,footnote #a3 ,i h by accid5t j tak5 up ! ,briti% ,qu>t]ly1 & alight$ ^u ! foll[+ s5t5ce conc]n+ ,madame ,rol&3--,to say t %e 0 )\t fault1 w\ld be to say t %e 0 n human4 ,?is s entirely expresses & concludes all t ,i h to say1 t ,i feel surprise at my ne$+ at all to write su* a *apt] z ! pres5t4 ,footnote #b3 ,i am acqua9t$ ) ! int]pretation1 t ! ^w ,mr is n "h ,greek1 i4e41 fool1 b is ,hebrew1 & means rebel1 :i* is /rong] ?an ,raca1 silly fell[4 ,?is gives p>tial1 b only p>tial relief4 ,footnote #c3 ,inde$ we h 9 ,luke vi4 #bj-bd1 a v]sion ( ! ,beatitudes s mu* 9 h>mony ) ?is l[] doctr9e1 z to make x an op5 "q1 :e!r ! v]sion 9 ,mat?4 v4 is n an improvem5t ^u ,jesus1 introduc$ by ! pur] s5se ( ! collective *ur*4 ,9 ,luke1 he does n bless ! poor 9 _s1 & ^? :o hung] aft] righte\sness1 b absolutely ! poor & ! hungry1 & all :o hon\r ,him2 & 9 contra/1 curses ! ri* & ^? :o are full4 ,footnote #d3 ,at ! close1 is ! p>able ab\t ! abs5t ma/] ( a h\se2 & ,pet] asks1 ,"l8 7,sir87 speake/ ?\ ?is p>able unto u1 or also unto all8 ,:o w\ld n h hop$ an +5u\s reply1 ,to y only1 or1 ,to ev]ybody8 ,in/ead ( :i*1 s invet]ate is 8 t5d5cy to muffle up ! simple/ ?+s 9 my/]y1 he replies1 ,:o !n is t fai?ful & wise /ew>d1 c41 c41 & entirely evades reply to ! v natural "q4 ,footnote #e3 ,?is impli$ t ,judas1 z "o ( ! twelve1 _h e>n$ ! heav5ly ?rone by ! price ( e>?ly goods4 ,footnote #f3 ,if ! acc\nt 9 ,john is n :olly false1 ,i ?9k ! reply 9 e case discr$itable4 ,if lit]al1 x all b indicates wilful impo/ure4 ,if my/ical1 x is dis+5u\sly evasive2 & x t5d$1 n to in/ruct1 b to irritate1 & to move suspicion & contempt4 ,is ?is ! c\rse = a religi\s tea*]8--to speak d>kly1 s z to mislead & prejudice2 & ?is1 :5 he repres5ts x z a matt] ( spiritual life & dea? to accept 8 tea*+ & 8 supremacy8 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,on ,,bigotry ,,& ,,progress4 ,if any ,*ri/ian read] has be5 pati5t en\gh to foll[ me ?us f>1 ,i n[ claim t he w judge my argum5t & me1 z be=e ! b> ( ,god1 & n by ! conv5tional /&>ds ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,morality & ,tru? are pr9ciples 9 human nature bo? old] & m widespread ?an ,*ri/ianity or ! ,bible3 & nei!r ,jesus nor ,james nor ,john nor ,paul c\ld h address$ or did address m5 9 any o!r tone1 ?an t ( claim+ to be !mselves judg$ by "s pre-exi/+ /&>d ( moral tru?1 & by ! inw>d p[]s ( ! he>]4 ,does ! read] d5y ?is8 or1 admitt+ x1 does he ?9k x impi\s to accept _! *all5ge8 ,does he say t we are to love & embrace ,*ri/ianity1 )\t try+ to asc]ta9 :e!r x be true or false8 ,if he say1 ,yes1--su* a man has no love or c>e = ,tru?1 & is b by accid5t a ,*ri/ian4 ,he w\ld h rema9$ a fai?ful hea!n1 _h he be5 born 9 hea!nism1 ?\gh ,moses1 ,elijah & ,*ri/ prea*$ a high] tru? to him4 ,su* a man is condemn$ by 8 own confession1 & ,i "h address him no long]4 ,b if ,fai? is a spiritual & p]sonal ?+1 if ,belief giv5 at r&om to m]e high pret5sions is an immorality1 if ,tru? is n to be q trampl$ d[n1 nor ,consci5ce to be :olly palsi$ 9 u1--!n :at1 ,i ask1 0 ,i to d1 :5 ,i saw t ! g5ealogy 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,mat!w is an errone\s copy ( t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t8 & t ! writ] has n only copi$ wrong1 b also c\nt$ wrong1 s1 z to mi/ake eighte5 = f\rte58 ,c any man1 :o glories 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ian1 lay 8 h& on 8 he>t1 & say1 x 0 my duty to bl9d my eyes to ! fact1 & ?9k ( x no fur!r8 ,_m1 alas1 ,i "k1 w\ld h :isp]$ ?is to me2 b if any "o 7 to proclaim x1 ! univ]sal consci5ce ( mank9d w\ld call him impud5t4 ,if h[ev] ?is fir/ /ep 0 "r1 0 a second /ep wrong8 ,:5 ,i fur!r disc]n$ t ! two g5ealogies 9 ,mat!w & ,luke 7 at v>iance1 utt]ly irreconcilable1--& bo? moreov] nugatory1 because !y are g5ealogies ( ,joseph1 :o is d5i$ to be ! fa!r ( ,jesus1--on :at gr\nd ( righte\sness1 :i* ,i c\ld approve to ,god & my consci5ce1 c\ld ,i %ut my eyes to ?is second fact8 ,:5 =c$1 aga9/ all my prepossessions1 to admit t ! two fir/ *apt]s ( ,mat!w & ! two fir/ *apt]s ( ,luke are mutually de/ructive1#a w\ld x h be5 fai?fulness to ! ,god ( ,tru?1 or a self-will$ love ( my own prejudices1 if ,i _h said1 ,i w n inquire fur!r1 = fe> x %\ld unsettle my fai?8 ,! read]'s consci5ce w witness to me1 t1 on ! contr>y1 ,i 0 b\nd to say1 :at ,i did say3 ,i mu/ inquire fur!r 9 ord] t ,i may plant ! f\ndations ( my fai? m deeply on ! rock ( ,tru?4' ,hav+ discov]$1 t n all t is )9 ! canon ( ! ,scripture is infallibly correct1 & t ! human und]/&+ is compet5t to arraign & convict at lea/ "s k9ds ( error !re9 conta9$2--:]e 0 ,i to /op8 & if ,i am guilty1 :]e did my guilt beg98 ,! fur!r ,i inquir$1 ! m errors cr[d$ ^u me1 9 ,hi/ory1 9 ,*ronology1 9 ,geography1 9 ,physiology1 9 ,geology4#b ,did x !n at la/ become a duty to close my eyes to ! pa9ful light8 & if ,i _h done s1 ought ,i to h flatt]$ myself t ,i 0 "o ( ^?1 :o be+ ( ! tru?1 come to ! lights t _! de$s may be reprov$8 ,moreov]1 :5 ,i _h cle>ly p]ceiv$1 t s9ce all evid5ce = ,*ri/ianity mu/ involve moral consid]ations1 to und]value ! moral faculties ( mank9d is to make ,*ri/ian evid5ce an impossibility & to propagate univ]sal scepticism2--0 ,i !n s to di/ru/ ! common consci5ce1 z to believe t ! ,_s ( ,god pron\nc$ ,jael bless$1 = p]fidi\sly murd]+ h] husb&'s tru/+ fri5d8 ,does any ,prote/ant read] feel disgu/ & horror1 at ! sophi/ical def5ces set up = ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew & o!r atrocities ( ! wick$ ,*ur* ( ,rome8 ,let him /op 8 m\?1 & hide 8 face1 if he d>es to ju/ify ! f\l crime ( ,jael4 ,or :5 ,i 0 ?us =c$ to admit1 t ! ,old ,te/am5t prais$ immorality1 z well z enunciat$ error2 & f\nd nev]!less 9 ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t no indication t !y 7 aw>e ( ei!r2 b t1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,scripture 7z ! book 0 vaguely call$7 is habitually id5tifi$ ) ! infallible ^w ( ,god2--0 x wrong 9 me to suspect t ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 !mselves op5 to mi/ake8 ,:5 ,i f>!r f\nd1 t ,luke n only claims no infallibility & no inspiration1 b di/9ctly assigns human s\rces z 8 means ( k2--:5 ! same ,luke _h already be5 discov]$ to be 9 irreconcilable v>iance ) ,mat!w conc]n+ ! infancy ( ,jesus2--0 ,i s9ful 9 feel+ t ,i _h no long] any gu>antee aga9/ o!r possible error 9 ^! writ]s8 or ought ,i to h p]si/$ 9 obtrud+ on ! two evangeli/s on infallibility ( :i* ,luke %[s himself unconsci\s1 :i* ,mat!w n[h]e claims1 & :i* ,i _h demon/rative pro( t !y did n bo? possess8 ,a ?or\gh-go+ ,bibliolat] w h to impea* me z a s9n] on ?is c\nt4 ,aft] ,luke & ,mat!w /ood be=e me z human writ]s1 liable to & convict$ ( human error1 0 !re any reason :y ,i %\ld look on ,m>k z m sacr$8 ,& hav+ p]ceiv$ all ?ree to p>ticipate 9 ! common sup]/ition1 d]iv$ f ,babylon & ! ,ea/1 traceable 9 hi/ory to its human s\rce1 exi/+ /ill 9 ,turkey & ,abyss9ia1--! sup]/ition :i* mi/akes mania1 epilepsy1 & o!r =ms ( disease1 = possession by devils2--%\ld ,i h %[n love ( tru?1 or ob/9acy 9 error1 _h ,i refus$ to judge freely ( ^! ?ree writ]s1 z ( any o!rs :o tell simil> m>vels8 or 0 x my duty to resolve1 at any rate & aga9/ evid5ce1 to acquit !m ( ! *>ge ( sup]/ition & misrepres5tation8 ,i w n tr\ble ! read] ) any fur!r qu]ies4 ,if he has ju/ifi$ me 9 8 consci5ce ?us f>1 he w ju/ify my proce$+ to ab&on myself to ! results ( inquiry4 ,he w feel1 t ! ,w _c1 may n1 d>e n dictate1 :]eto ! inquiries ( ! ,und]/&+ %all lead2 & t to allege t x ought1 is to plant ! root ( ,ins9c]ity1 ,falsehood1 ,bigotry1 ,cruelty1 & univ]sal ,rott5ness ( ,s\l4 ,! vice ( ,bigotry has be5 s indiscrim9ately imput$ to ! religi\s1 t !y seem apt to =get t x is a real s92--a s9 :i* 9 ,*ri/5dom has be5 & is ( all s9s mo/ fruitful1 mo/ poison\s3 nay1 grief ( griefs6 x infects _m ( ! pure/ & mo/ lovely he>ts1 :i* want /r5g? ( und]/&+1 or are entangl$ by a %am !ology1 ) its false facts & fraudul5t canons4 ,b ^u all :o m\rn = ! mis]ies :i* ,bigotry has p]petrat$ f ! day :5 ,*ri/ians fir/ le>n$ to curse2 ^u all :o groan ov] ! p]secutions & w>s /irr$ up by ,romanism2 ^u all :o blu% at ! ov]be>+ conduct ( ,prote/ants 9 _! successive mom5ts ( brief au?ority1--a sacr$ duty re/s 9 ?is n9ete5? c5tury ( prote/+ aga9/ ,bigotry1 n f a love ( ease1 b f a _s ( e>ne/ ju/ice4 ,l ! fir/ ,*ri/ians1 !y mu/ become confessors ( ! ,tru?2 n obtrusively1 boa/fully1 dogmatically1 or h>%ly2 b1 speak+ ! tru? 9 love1 n be a%am$ to av[1 if !y d n believe all t o!rs pr(ess1 & t !y abhor ! unrighte\s pr9ciple ( judg+ m5 by an au?oritative cre$4 ,! evil ( ,bigotry :i* has be5 mo/ obs]v$1 is its untameable inju/ice1 :i* conv]t$ ! law ( love into lic5s$ murd] or gratuit\s hatr$4 ,b ,i believe a worse evil /ill has be51 ! int5se reaction ( ! human m9d aga9/ ,religion = ,bigotry's sake4 ,to ! millions ( ,europe1 bigotry has be5 a confutation ( all pi\s feel+4 ,s unlovely has religion be5 made by x1 ,horribili sup] aspectu mortalibus in/ans1 t n[1 z #bjjj ye>s ago1 m5 are laps+ into ,a!ism or ,pan!ism2 & a totally new disp5sation is want$ to retrieve ! lo/ reputation ( ,piety4 ,two opposite errors are committ$ by ^? :o disc]n t ! pret5sions ( ! national religi\s sy/ems are ov]/ra9$ & unju/ifiable4 ,"o class ( p]sons inveighs w>mly1 bitt]ly1 rudely aga9/ ! bigotry ( ,*ri/ians2 & "k n h[ deep & holy affections & pr9ciples1 9 spite ( n>r[ness1 are *]i%$ 9 ! bosom ( ! ,*ri/ian society4 ,h5ce _! invective is h>% & unsympa?iz+2 & appe>s s ess5tially unju/ & s ignorant1 z to exasp]ate & increase ! v bigotry :i* x attacks4 ,an opposite class "k well1 & value highly1 ! moral influ5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 & f an int5se dread ( h>m+ or los+ ^!1 d n d>e pla9ly & publicly to av[ _! own convictions4 ,great numb]s ( ,engli% laym5 are entirely assur$1 t ! ,old ,te/am5t ab\nds ) error1 & t ! ,new is n always unimpea*able3 yet !y only :isp] ?is2 & 9 ! he>+ ( a cl]gyman1 :o is b\nd by ,articles & :om x is indec5t to refute1 keep a respectful sil5ce4 ,z = m9i/]s ( religion1 ^!1 be+ call$ p]petually into a practical application ( ! receiv$ doctr9e ( _! *ur*1 are ( all m5 lea/ able to inquire into any fundam5tal errors 9 t doctr9e4 ,em95t p]sons among !m w nev]!less aim aft] & atta9 a pur] tru? ?an t :i* !y f9d e/abli%$3 b su* a case mu/ always be r>e & exceptive4 ,only by disus+ m9i/]ial s]vice c any "o give fair play to d\bts conc]n+ ! wisdom & tru? ( t :i* he is solemnly m9i/]+3 h5ce t fri5d ( ,arnold's 0 wise 9 ?is _w1 :o advis$ him to take a curacy 9 ord] to settle 8 d\bts conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity4--,n[h]e f any body ( prie/s1 cl]gy1 or m9i/]s1 z an ,ord]1 is religi\s progress to be anticipat$1 until intellectual cre$s are de/roy$4 ,a great] responsibility !re=e is laid ^u laym51 to be fai?ful & bold 9 av[+ _! convictions4 ,yet x is n f ! practical m9i/]s ( religion1 t ! great opposition to religi\s re=m proce$s4 ,! secul> cl]gy 7z ! ,romani/s oddly call !m7 7 seldom s bigot$ z ! regul>s4 ,s ) u1 ^? :o m9i/] to m5 9 _! moral trials h = ! mo/ "p a deep] moral _s1 & are less apt to place religion 9 sy/ems ( propositions4 ,! robur legionum ( bigotry1 ,i believe1 is f\nd1--fir/1 9 non-p>o*ial cl]gy1 & next 9 ! anonym\s writ]s = religi\s j\rnals & cons]vative newspap]s2 :o too g5]ally#c adopt a /yle ( :i* !y w\ld be a%am$1 if ! names ( ! writ]s 7 atta*$2 :o (t5 seem desir\s to make x cle> t x is _! trade to c>p1 insult1 or sl&]2 :o assume a tone ( omnisci5ce1 at ! v mom5t :5 !y %[ n>r[ness ( he>t & judgm5t4 ,to su* writ+ ^? :o desire to promote e>ne/ ,?\ght & tranquil ,progress ought anxi\sly to te/ify _! deep repugnance4 ,a l>ge "p ( ?is sl&] & insult is prompt$ by a base p&]+ to ! 7real or imag9$7 ta/e ( ! public1 & w abate :5 x visibly ceases to be ga9ful4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! law ( ,god's moral univ]se1 z kn[n to u1 is t ( ,progress4 ,we trace x f old b>b>ism to ! me?odiz$ ,egyptian idolatry2 to ! m flexible ,poly!ism ( ,syria & ,greece2 ! poetical ,pan!ism ( philosoph]s1 & ! moral mono!ism ( a few sages4 ,s 9 ,pale/9e & 9 ! ,bible itself we see1 fir/ ( all1 ! image-wor%ip ( ,jacob's family1 !n ! incipi5t elevation ( ,jehovah above all o!r ,gods by ,moses1 ! practical e/abli%m5t ( ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah alone by ,samuel1 ! rise ( spiritual s5tim5t "u ,david & ! ,psalmi/s1 ! m magnific5t views ( ,hezekiah's prophets1 f9ally 9 ! ,babyloni% captivity ! new t5d]ness assum$ by t second ,isaiah & ! lat] ,psalmi/s4 ,b c]emonialism m & m encru/$ ! re/or$ nation2 & ,jesus 0 ne$$ to spur & /ab ! consci5ce ( 8 contempor>ies1 & recal !m to m spiritual p]ceptions2 to proclaim a com+ k+dom ( heav51 9 :i* %\ld be ga!r$ all ! *ildr5 ( ,god t 7 scatt]$ abroad2 :]e ! law ( love %\ld reign1 & no "o %\ld dictate to ano!r4 ,alas6 t ?is great movem5t _h its admixture ( human imp]fection4 ,aft] ?is1 ,/ev5 ! protom>tyr1 & ,paul once him p]secutor1 _h to expose ! empt9ess ( all ext]nal santifications1 & free ! _w f ! law ( ,moses4 ,up to ?is po9t all ,*ri/ians approve ( progress2 b at ?is po9t !y want to arre/ x4 ,! argum5ts ( ^? :o resi/ ,progress are always ! same1 :e!r x be ,pagans aga9/ ,hebrews1 ,jews aga9/ ,*ri/ians1 ,romani/s aga9/ ,prote/ants1 or mod]n ,*ri/ians aga9/ ! advocates ( a high] spiritualism4 ,ea* e/abli%$ sy/em assures its vot>ies1 t n[ at l5g? !y h atta9$ a f9al p]fection3 t _! f\ndations are irremovable3 progress up to t position 0 a duty1 beyond x is a s94 ,ea* displaces its pr$ecessor by sup]ior goodness1 b !n ea* fights aga9/ 8 successor by odium1 contempt1 exclusions & 7:5 possible7 by viol5ces4 ,ea* advances mank9d "o /ep1 & =bids !m to take a second4 ,yet if x be admitt$ t 9 ! e>li] movem5t ! p>ty ( progress 0 always "r1 confid5ce t ! case is n[ rev]s$ is n easy to ju/ify4 ,e p]secut+ *ur* has numb]$ among its memb]s ?\s&s ( pi\s p1 s grateful = its s]vices1 or s atta*$ to its tru?1 z to ?9k ^? impi\s :o desire some?+ pur] & m p]fect4 ,h]e9 we may disc]n1 t e nation & class is liable to ! peculi> illusion ( ov]e/eem+ ! sanctity ( its ance/ral cre$4 ,x is z mu* our duty to bew>e ( ?is illusion1 z ( any o!r4 ,all "k h[ easily our patriotism may deg5]ate into an unju/ repugnance to =eign]s1 & t ! m int5se x is1 ! great] ! ne$ ( antagoni/ic pr9ciples4 ,s also1 ! real excell5cies ( our religion may only s mu* ! m rivet u 9 a wrong av]sion to ^? :o d n ackn[l$ge its au?ority or p]fection4 ,x is probable t ,jesus desir$ a /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* all :o wor%ip ,god spiritually %\ld h an ackn[l$g$ & consci\s union4 ,x is cle> t ,paul long$ above all ?+s to ov]?r[ ! wall ( p>tition :i* sep>at$ two families ( s9c]e wor%ipp]s4 ,yet we n[ see /rong] & high] walls ( p>tition ?an ev]1 betwe5 ! *ildr5 ( ! same ,god1--) a new law ( ! lett]1 m entangl+ to ! consci5ce1 & m depress+ to ! m5tal en]gies1 ?an any outw>d s]vice ( ! ,levitical law4 ,! cause ( all ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! claim ( ,messiah%ip = ,jesus4 ,?is gave a premium to crook$ logic1 9 ord] to prove t ! prophecies meant :at !y did n mean & c\ld n mean4 ,?is p]v]t$ m5's notions ( "r & wrong1 by imp>t+ factiti\s value to a lit]>y & hi/orical proposition1 ,jesus is ! ,messiah1 z ?\gh t 7 or c\ld be religion4 ,?is gave m]it to cr$ulity1 & l$ pi\s m5 to extol x z a brave & noble de$1 :5 any "o ov]p[]$ ! scruples ( good s5se1 & scold$ !m d[n z ! wisdom ( ?is _w1 :i* is ho/ile to ,god4 ,?is put ! ,*ri/ian *ur* into an ess5tially false position1 by exclud+ f x 9 ! fir/ c5tury all ! m5 ( mo/ p[]ful & cultivat$ und]/&+ among ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,?is taught ,*ri/ians to boa/ ( ! ho/ility ( ! wise & prud5t1 & 9 e controv]sy ensur$ t ! p>ty :i* _h ! m]it ( mortify+ reason mo/ signally %\ld be victori\s4 ,h5ce1 ! d[nw>d c>e] ( ! ,*ur* into base sup]/ition 0 det]m9$ & inevitable f h] v bir?2 nor 0 any improvem5t possible1 until a reconciliation %\ld be effect$ betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ! cultivat$ reason :i* x _h slight$ & insult$4 ,su* reconciliation comm5c$1 ,i believe1 f ! t5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,lat9 morali/s began to be /udi$ z a "p ( a !ological c\rse4 ,x 0 cont9u$ ) /ill great] results :5 ,greek lit]ature became accessible to *ur*m54 ,aft]w>ds1 ! physics ( ,galileo & ( ,newton began n only to und]m9e num]\s sup]/itions1 b to give to m5 a confid5ce 9 ! reality ( ab/ract tru?1 & 9 our p[] to atta9 x 9 o!r doma9s ?an t ( geometrical demon/ration4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! philosophy ( ,locke1 0 tak5 up into ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 & ,political ,tol]ation 0 ! fir/ fruit4 ,beyond t po9t1 ,engli% religion has h>dly gone4 ,= 9 spite ( all t has s9ce be5 done 9 ,g]many = ! true & accurate exposition ( ! ,bible1 & = ! sci5tific e/abli%m5t ( ! hi/ory ( its compon5t books1 we /ill rema9 deplorably ignorant "h ( ^! subjects4 ,9 consequ5ce1 ,engli% ,*ri/ians d n "k t !y are unju/ & utt]ly unreasonable1 9 expect+ ?\ghtful m5 to abide by ! cre$ ( _! ance/ors4 ,nor1 inde$1 is !re any m /]eotyp$ & approv$ calumny1 ?an ! decl>ation s (t5 emphatically enunciat$ f ! pulpit1 t unbelief 9 ! ,*ri/ian miracles is ! fruit ( a wick$ he>t & ( a s\l enslav$ to s94 ,?us d e/imable & well-mean+ m51 deceiv$ & deceiv+ "o ano!r1 utt] base sl&] 9 op5 *ur*1 :]e x is indecor\s to reply to !m1--& ?9k t !y are bravely deliv]+ a religions te/imony4 ,no difficulty is enc\nt]$1 s long z ! inw>d & ! outw>d rule ( religion agree1--by :atev] names m5 call !m1--! ,_s & ! ,^w--or ,reason & ! ,*ur*1--or ,consci5ce & ,au?ority4 ,none ne$ settle :i* ( ! two rules is ! great]1 s long z ! results co9cide3 9 fact1 !re is no controv]sy1 no /ruggle1 & also probably no progress4 ,a *ild _c guess :e!r fa!r or "m has ! high] au?ority1 until discordant comm&s are giv52 b !n comm5ces ! pa9ful necessity ( disobey+ "o 9 ord] to obey ! o!r4 ,s1 also1 ! great & fundam5tal controv]sies ( religion arise1 only :5 a discrepancy is detect$ betwe5 ! inw>d & ! outw>d rule3 & !n1 !re are only two possible solutions4 ,if ! ,_s )9 u & ! ,bible 7or ,*ur*7 )\t u are at v>iance1 we mu/ ei!r foll[ ! inw>d & disreg>d ! outw>d law2 else we mu/ r5\nce ! inw>d law & obey ! outw>d4 ,! ,romani/ bids u to obey ! ,*ur* & cru% our inw>d judgm5t3 ! ,spirituali/1 on ! contr>y1 foll[s 8 inw>d law1 &1 :5 necess>y1 defies ,*ur*1 ,bible1 or any o!r au?ority4 ,! or?odox ,prote/ant is bett] & tru] ?an ! ,romani/1 because ! ,prote/ant is n l ! latt]1 consi/5t 9 error1 b (t5 goes "r3 /ill he is inconsi/5t z to ?is po9t4 ,aga9/ ! ,spirituali/ he uses ,romani/ pr9ciples1 tell+ him t he ought to submit 8 pr\d reason & accept ! ,^w ( ,god z infallible1 ev5 ?\gh x appe> to him to conta9 errors4 ,b aga9/ ! ,romani/ ! same disputant av[s ,spirituali/ pr9ciples1 decl>+ t s9ce ! ,*ur* appe>s to him to be errone\s1 he d>es n to accept x z infallible4 ,:at ) ! ,romani/ he be=e call$ pr\d reason1 he n[ designates z ,consci5ce1 ,und]/&+1 & p]haps ! ,holy ,_s4 ,he refus$ to all[ ! "r ( ! ,spirituali/ to urge1 t ! ,bible conta9s contradictions & immoralities1 & !re=e _c be receiv$2 b he claims a full "r to urge t ! ,*ur* has ju/ifi$ contradictions & immoralities1 & !re=e is n to be submitt$ to4 ,! p]ception t ?is position is inconsi/5t1 &1 to him :o disc]ns ! inconsi/5cy1 di%one/1 is e ye> driv+ ,prote/ants to ,rome4 ,& 9 pr9ciple !re are only two possible religions3 ! ,p]sonal & ! ,corporate2 ! ,spiritual & ! ,ext]nal4 ,i d n mean to say t 9 ,romanism !re is no?+ b :at is ,corporate & ,ext]nal2 = t is impossible to human nature3 b t ?is is :at ! !ory ( _! argum5t dem&s2 & _! doctr9e ( ,implicit#d 7or ,virtual7 ,fai? entirely sup]s$es intellectual p]ception z well z intellectual conviction4 ,! !ory ( ea* *ur* is ! =ce :i* det]m9es to :at c5tre ! :ole %all gravitate4 ,h[ev] m5 may talk ( spirituality1 yet let !m once enact t ! fre$om ( individuals %all be absorb$ 9 a corporate consci5ce1 & y f9d t ! n>r[e/ he>t & meane/ intellect sets ! rule ( conduct = ! :ole body4 ,x has be5 (t5 obs]v$ h[ ! controv]sies ( ! ,tr9ity & ,inc>nation dep5d$ on ! niceties ( ! ,greek tongue4 ,i d n "k :e!r x has ev] be5 inquir$1 :at confusion ( ?\ght 0 %$ ov] ,g5tile ,*ri/ianity1 f its v orig91 by ! imp]fection ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,greek4 ,! s+le ,greek#e ^w ,greek3 pi/is ne$s probably ?ree translations into our f> m accurate tongue1--viz41 ,belief1 ,tru/1 ,fai?2 b especially ,belief & ,fai? h important contra/s4 ,belief is purely intellectual2 ,fai? is prop]ly spiritual4 ,h5ce ! endless controv]sy ab\t ,ju/ification by ,greek3 pi/is1 :i* has s vex$ ,*ri/ians2 h5ce ! sl&] ca/ on unbeliev]s or misbeliev]s 7:5 !y c no long] be burn$ or exil$71 z ?\gh !y 7 fai?less & infidels4 ,b no?+ ( ?is ought to be all[$ to bl9d u to ! truly spiritual & holy developm5ts ( hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1--mu* less1 make u rev]t to ! old ,paganism or ,pan!ism :i* x supplant$4--,! great doctr9e on :i* all practical religion dep5ds1--! doctr9e :i* nurs$ ! infancy & y\? ( human nature1--is1 ! sympa?y ( ,god ) ! p]fection ( individual man4 ,among ,pagans ?is 0 s m>r$ by ! imp]fect *>act]s ascrib$ to ! ,gods1 & ! di%on\rable fables told conc]n+ !m1 t ! philosoph]s :o und]took to prune religion too g5]ally cut away ! root1 by alleg+#f t ,god 0 m]e ,intellect & :olly de/itute ( ,affections4 ,b happily among ! ,hebrews ! purity ( ,god's "* 0 v9dicat$2 & ) ! gr[? ( consci5ce 9 ! highe/ m9ds ( ! nation ! ideal image ( ,god %one bright] & bright]4 ,! doctr9e ( 8 ,sympa?y 0 nev] lo/1 & f ! ,jews x pass$ into ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,?is doctr9e1 appli$ to t "p ( man :i* is div9e1 is ! wellspr+ ( ,rep5tance & ,humility1 ( ,?ankfulness1 ,love1 & ,joy4 ,x reproves & x com=ts2 x /imulates & animates4 ,?is x is :i* l$ ! ,psalmi/ to cry1 ,:om h ,i 9 heav5 b ,!e8 !re is none ^u e>? t ,i desire beside ,!e4 ,?is has satisfi$ prophets1 apo/les1 & m>tyrs ) ,god z _! ,portion4 ,?is has be5 pass$ f he>t to he>t = full ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 & has produc$ b&s ( c\ntless sa9ts4 ,let u n cut (f our sympa?ies f ^?1 :o h le>nt to sympa?ize ) ,god2 nor be bl9d to t spiritual good :i* !y h2 ev5 if x be1 m or less s5sibly1 t+$ ) intellectual error4 ,9 fact1 none b ,god kn[s1 h[ _m ,*ri/ian he>ts are really pure f bigotry4 ,i _c refuse to add my te/imony1 su* z x is1 to ! effect1 t ! majority is always truehe>t$4 ,z "o tyrant1 ) a small b& ( unscrupul\s tools1 manages to use ! en]gies ( a :ole nation ( k9d & well-mean+ p = cruel purposes1 s ! bigot$ few1 :o "w out an evil !ory ) consi/5cy1 (t5 succe$ 9 us+ ! masses ( simplem9d$ ,*ri/ians z _! tools = oppression4 ,let u n ?9k m h>%ly ?an is necess>y ( ! ana!matiz+ *ur*es4 ,^? :o curse u ) _! lips1 (t5 love u 9 _! he>ts4 ,a v deep f\nta9 ( t5d]ness c m+le ) _! bigotry itself3 & ) t5s ( ?\s&s1 ! evil belief is a dead =m1 ! spiritual love is a liv+ reality4 ,:e!r ,*ri/ians l x or n1 we mu/ ne$s look to ,hi/orians1 to ,l+ui/s1 to ,physiologi/s1 to ,philosoph]s1 & g5]ally1 to m5 ( cultivat$ und]/&+1 to ga9 help 9 all ^? subjects :i* are prepo/]\sly call$ ,!ology3 b = devotional aids1 = pi\s m$itations1 = inspir+ hymns1 = purify+ & gl[+ ?\ghts1 we h /ill to wait ^u t succession ( k9dl+ s\ls1 among :om may be nam$ ) special hon\r ,david & ,isaiah1 ,jesus & ,paul1 ,augu/9e1 ,a ,kempis1 ,f5elon1 ,leighton1 ,baxt]1 ,doddridge1 ,watts1 ! two ,wesleys1 & ,*ann+4 ,religion 0 creat$ by ! inw>d in/9cts ( ! s\l3 x _h aft]w>ds to be prun$ & *a/5$ by ! sceptical und]/&+4 ,= its p]fection1 ! co-op]ation ( ^! two p>ts ( man is ess5tial4 ,:ile religi\s p]sons dread critical & se>*+ ?\ght1 & critics despise in/9ctive religion1 ea* side rema9s imp]fect & curtail$4 ,x is a compla9t (t5 made by religi\s hi/orians1 t no *ur* c su/a9 its spirituality unimpair$ ?r\gh two g5]ations1 & t 9 ! ?ird a total irreligion is apt to sup]v5e4 ,sometimes inde$ ! transitions are abrupt1 f an age ( piety to an age ( dissolut5ess4 ,! liability to su* lam5table revulsions is pla9ly due to "s insuffici5cy 9 ! religion to meet all ! wants ( human nature4 ,to scold at t nature is pu]ile1 & implies an ignorance ( ! task :i* religion und]takes4 ,to lay ! fault on ! sov]eign w ( ,god1 :o has )held 8 grace f ! gr&*ildr5 ( ! pi\s1 might be call$ blasphemy1 if we 7 dispos$ to speak h>%ly4 ,! fault lies und\bt$ly 9 ! fact1 t ,practical ,dev\tness & ,free ,?\ght /& ap>t 9 unnatural s*ism4 ,b surely ! age is ripe = some?+ bett]2--= a religion :i* /all comb9e ! t5d]ness1 humility1 & dis9t]e/$ness1 t are ! glory ( ! pure/ ,*ri/ianity1 ) t activity ( intellect1 untir+ pursuit ( tru?1 & /rict adh]5ce to imp>tial pr9ciple1 :i* ! s*ools ( mod]n sci5ce embody4 ,:5 a spiritual *ur* has its s5ses ex]cis$ to disc]n good & evil1 judges ( "r & wrong by an inw>d p[]1 proves all ?+s & holds fa/ t :i* is good1 fe>s no tru?1 b rejoices 9 be+ correct$1 intellectually z well z morally1--x w n be liable to be c>ri$ to & fro by %ift+ w9ds ( doctr9e4 ,x w inde$ h movem5t1 namely1 a /eady onw>d "o1 z ! s*ools ( sci5ce h _h1 s9ce !y left (f to dogmatize1 & approa*$ ,god's _w z le>n]s2 b x w lay aside disputes ( words1 et]nal vacillations1 mutual illwill & dread ( new light1 & w be able )\t hypocrisy to proclaim peace on e>? & goodwill t[>ds m51 ev5 t[>ds ^? :o reject its beliefs & s5tim5ts conc]n+ ,god & 8 glory4 ,,note ,,on ,,page #afh4 ,! au?or ( ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?1 9 8 ,def5ce 7p4 #afh71 ref]r+ to my reply 9 p4 #aja above1 says3--,9 ?is v p>agraph ,mr4 ,newman %[s t ,i h n misrepres5t$ him1 nor is x true t ,i ov]look$ 8 novel hypo!sis4 ,he says t ',gibbon is exhibit+ & develop+ ! deep-seat$ causes ( ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity be=e ,con/ant9e1'--:i* ,mr4 ,newman says _h n spread4 ,on ! contr>y2 he assumes t ! ,*ri/ians 7 'a small fraction1' & ?us does dismiss 9 two s5t5ces1 ,i might h said ?ree words1 :at ,gibbon _h /ra9$ e n]ve 9 8 celebrat$ *apt] to acc\nt =4 ,obs]ve 8 phrase1 ,on ! contr>y4 ,x is impossible to say m pla9ly1 t ,gibbon repres5ts ! spread ( ,*ri/ianity be=e ,con/ant9e to h be5 v great1 & !n lab\r$ 9 va9 to acc\nt = t spread2 & t ,i1 arbitr>ily sett+ aside ,gibbon's fact z to ! magnitude ( ! spread1 cut ! knot :i* he c\ld n untie4 ,b ! fact1 z betwe5 ,gibbon & me1 is flatly ! rev]se4 ,i advance no?+ novel z to ! numb]s ( ! ,*ri/ians1 no hypo!sis ( my own1 no assumption4 ,i h m]ely adopt$ ,gibbon's own hi/orical e/imate1 t 7judg+1 z he does judge1 by ! examples ( ,rome & ,antio*71 ! ,*ri/ians be=e ! rise ( ,con/ant9e 7 b a small fraction ( ! population4 ,inde$1 he says1 n above "o-tw5tie? "p2 on :i* ,i laid no /ress4 ,x may be t ,gibbon is "h 9 error4 ,i %all will+ly )draw any hi/orical argum5t1 if %[n t ,i h unaw>es re/$ on a false basis4 ,9 balanc+ c\nt] /atem5ts & reasons f div]se s\rces1 diff]5t m9ds come to diff]5t /ati/ical conclusions4 ,dean ,milman 7,hi/4 ( ,*ri/ianity1 vol4 ii4 p4 #cda7 :5 delib]ately weigh+ opposite op9ions1 says cauti\sly1 t ,gibbon is p]haps incl9$ to und]rate ! numb] ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,he adds3 ,m4 ,beugnot agrees mu* ) ,gibbon1 & ,i %\ld conceive1 ) reg>d to ! ,we/1 is cle>ly "r4 ,i beg ! read] to obs]ve1 t ,i h n repres5t$ ! num]ical /r5g? ( ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,con/ant9e's army to be great4 ,:y my oppon5t %\ld ridicule my use ( ! phrase ,*ri/ian regim5ts1 ,i am too dull to und]/&4 7,:o w\ld n ?9k1 says he1 t x 0 "o ( ,con/ant9e's aide-de-camps t 0 speak+87 ,x may be t ,i am wrong 9 us+ ! plural n\n1 & t !re 0 only "o su* regim5t1--t :i* c>ri$ ! ,lab>um1 or /&>d ( ! cross 7,gibbon1 *4 #bj71 to :i* s mu* efficacy 0 attribut$ 9 ! w> aga9/ ,lic9ius4 ,i h no "t at pres5t1 nor any ne$ = fur!r inquiries on su* matt]s4 ,x is to ! devotion & organization ( ! ,*ri/ians1 n to _! proportionate numb]s1 t ,i attribut$ weight4 ,if 7z ,milman says7 ,gibbon & ,beugnot are cle>ly "r z reg>ds ! ,we/--i4e41 z reg>ds all t va/ di/rict :i* became ! area ( mod]n ,european ,*ri/5dom1 ,i see no?+ 9 my argum5t :i* requires modification4 ,b :y did ,*ri/ianity1 :ile oppos$ by ! rul+ p[]s1 spread 9 ! ,ea/8 ,9 ! v *apt] f :i* ,i h quot$1 ,dean ,milman ju/ifies me 9 say+1 t to ?is "q ,i may simply reply1 ,i d n "k1 )\t impair+ my pres5t argum5t4 7,i myself f9d no difficulty 9 x :atev]2 b ,i prote/ aga9/ ! assumption1 t ,i am b\nd to believe a religion pret]natural1 unless ,i con acc\nt = its orig9 & diffusion to ! satisfaction ( its adh]5ts47 ,dean ,milman1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #cbb-cdj1 gives a full acc\nt ( ! ,mani*an religion1 & its rapid & great spread 9 spate ( viol5t p]secution4 ,,mani1 ! f\nd]1 repres5t$ himself z a man inve/$ ) a div9e mission4 ,8 doctr9es are describ$ by ,milman z wild & my/ical metaphysics1 comb9+ elem5ts ( ?\ght f ,magianism1 ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,buddhism4 ,8 wor%ip 0 simple1 )\t alt>1 temple1 images1 or any impos+ c]emonial4 ,pure & simple pray] 0 _! only =m ( adoration4 ,!y talk$ mu* ( ,*ri/ z a heav5ly pr9ciple1 b did n believe 9 8 bir? or dea?4 ,pray]s & ,hymns address$ to ! s\rce ( light1 exhortations to subdue ! d>k & s5su\s elem5t )91 & ! /udy ( ! m>vell\s book ( ,mani1 con/itut$ _! devotion4 ,_! mann]s 7 au/]e & ascetic2 !y tol]at$1 b only tol]at$1 m>riage1 & t only among ! inf]ior ord]s4 ,! !atre1 ! banquet1 & ev5 ! ba?1 !y sev]ely proscrib$4 ,_! diet 0 ( fruits & h]bs2 !y %rank ) abhorr5ce f animal food4 ,mani met ) fi]ce ho/ility f ,we/ & ,ea/ alike2 & at la/ 0 entrapp$ by ! ,p]sian k+ ,bah>am1 & 0 flay$ alive4 ,8 sk91 /uff$ ) /raw1 0 plac$ ov] ! gate ( ! city ( ,%ahpoor4 ,su* a dea? 0 z cruel & z ignom9i\s z t ( crucifixion2 yet 8 doctr9es expir$ n ) _! au?or4 ,9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ! ,we/ !y spread ) ! utmo/ rapidity4444 ,! ext5t ( its success may be calculat$ by ! implacable ho/ility ( o!r religions to ! doctr9es ( ,mani2 ! causes ( t success are m difficult to conjecture4 ,e reason1 :i*1 z f> z ,i "k1 has ev] be5 giv51 :y x %\ld be h>d = e>ly ,*ri/ianity to spread1 avail equally z reasons aga9/ ! spread ( ,mani*ism4 ,! /ate ( ! ,ea/1 :i* admitt$ ! latt] )\t miracle1 admitt$ ! =m] also4 ,x nev]!less is p]t95t to add1 t ! rec5t hi/ory ( ,mormonism1 comp>$ ) t ( ,*ri/ianity & ( ,mani*ism1 may sugge/ t ! m>tyr-dea? ( ! f\nd] ( a religion is a positive aid to its aft]-success4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,/rauss on ! ,infancy ( ,jesus4 ,footnote #b3 ,my ,eclectic review] 7:o is among ! lea/ or?odox & ! lea/ unc&id7 h5ce d$uces1 t ,i h conf\nd$ ! two que/ions1 ,does ! ,bible conta9 errors 9 human sci5ce8 &1 ,is its purely spiritual tea*+ true8 ,x is q wond]ful to me1 h[ educat$ m5 c s totally ov]look :at ,i h s pla9ly & s (t5 writt54 ,?is v passage might %[ ! contr>y1 if he _h b quot$ ! :ole p>agraph1 in/ead ( ! middle s5t5ce only4 ,see also pp4 #fg1 #gd1 #ge1 #hf1 #hg1 #abe4 ,footnote #c3 ,any or?odox p]iodical :i* d>es to write *>itably1 is at once subject$ to fi]ce attack u unor?odox4 ,footnote #d3 ,explicit ,fai? 9 a doctr9e1 means1 t we und]/& :at ! propositions are1 & accept !m4 ,b if ?r\gh blund] we accept a wrong set ( propositions1 s z to believe a false doctr9e1 we nev]!less h ,implicit 7or ,virtual7 ,fai? 9 ! true "o1 if only we say f ! he>t3 ,:atev] ! ,*ur* believes1 ,i believe4 ,?us a p]son1 :o1 ?r\gh blund]+1 believes 9 ,sabellianism or ,arianism1 :i* ! ,*ur* has condemn$1 is reg>d$ to h virtual fai? 9 ,tr9it>ianism1 & all ! m]it ( t fai?1 because ( 8 good w to submit to ! ,*ur*2 :i* is ! really sav+ virtue4 ,footnote #e3 ,greek3 ,dikaiosune 7righte\sness71 ,greek3 ,dia!ke 7cov5ant1 te/am5t71 ,greek3 ,*>is 7grace71 are all t]ms pregnant ) fallacy4 ,footnote #f3 ,horace & ,cic]o speak ! m9d ( _! educat$ contempor>ies 9 say+ t we ought to pray to ,god only = ext]nal bless+s1 b tru/ to our own ef=ts = a pure & tranquil s\l1--a s+ul> rev]s+ ( spiritual religion ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,reply ,,to ,,! ,,def5ce ,,( ,,! ,,eclipse ,,( ,,fai?4 ,?is small treatise 0 review$1 unfav\rably ( c\rse1 9 mo/ ( ! religi\s p]iodicals1 & among !m 9 ! ,prospective ,review1 by my fri5d ,james ,m>t9eau4 ,i _h be5 ab\t ! same "t attack$ 9 a book call$ ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?1 writt5 7*iefly aga9/ my treatise on ! ,s\l7 9 ! =m ( a ,platonic ,dialogue2 9 :i* a sceptic1 a c]ta9 ,h>r+ton1 is made to indulge 9 a great deal ( loose & bant]+ argum5tation1 ) ! view ( ridicul+ my religion1 & do+ s by ways ( :i* "s specim5 w be giv54 ,i made an indignant prote/ 9 a new edition ( ?is book1 & add$ also v>i\s matt] 9 reply to ,mr4 ,m>t9eau1 :i* w /ill be f\nd "h4 ,he 9 consequ5ce 9 a second article#a ( ! ,prospective review$ me afre%2 b1 9 ! op5+1 he fir/ pron\nc$ 8 s5t5ce 9 words ( deep disapproval aga9/ ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?4 ,! me?od ( ! "w1 says he1 its plan ( appeal+ f :at seems %ock+ 9 ! ,bible to some?+ m %ock+ 9 ! _w1 simply d\bles e difficulty )\t reliev+ any2 & t5ds to en?rone a devil ev]y:]e1 & leave a ,god n[h]e4444 ,! :ole =ce ( ! writ]'s ?\ght1--8 p[] ( exposition1 ( argum5t1 ( s>casm1 is ?r[n1 9 spite ( himself1 into ! irreligi\s scale4444 ,if ! "w be really writt5#b 9 good fai?1 & be n r a cov]t attack on all religion1 x curi\sly %[s h[ ! temple ( ! au?or's wor%ip /&s on ! same f\ndation ) ! (fic9a ( ,a!ism1 & 9 su* close vic9ity t ! pass]-by _c tell f :i* ( ! two ! voices /ray into ! /reet4 ,! au?or ( ! ,eclipse1 buoy$ up by a l>ge sale ( 8 "w to a cr$ul\s public1 put =? a ,def5ce1 9 :i* he naturally decl9$ to submit to ! judgm5t ( ?is review]4 ,b my read]s w rem>k1 t ,mr4 ,m>t9eau1 writ+ aga9/ me1 & seek+ to rebut my replies to him--7nay1 ,i fe> ,i mu/ say my attack on him2 = ,i h confess$1 almo/ ) compunction1 t x 0 ,i :o fir/ /irr$ ! controv]sy7--0 v fav\rably situat$ = ma9ta9+ a calmly judicial imp>tiality4 ,he ?\ght u bo? wrong1 & he adm9i/]$ to u ea* ! m$ic9e :i* seem$ to him ne$$4 ,he pass$ 8 /rictures on :at he judg$ to be my errors1 & he rebuk$ my assailant = pr(ane recklessness4 ,i _h compla9$1 n ( ?is m]ely1 b ( mon/r\s indef5sible g>bl+ & misrepres5tation1 p]vad+ ! :ole "w4 ,! dialogue is s manag$1 z (t5 to sugge/ :at is false conc]n+ me1 yet )\t ass]t+ x2 s z to enable him to dis[n ! sl&]1 :ile produc+ its full effect aga9/ me4 ,( ! directly false /atem5ts & g>bl+s ,i gave sev]al /rik+ exhibitions4 ,8 reply to all ?is 9 ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,def5ce 0 review$ 9 a ?ird article ( ! ,prospective ,review1 ,its ability & rea* ( ?\ght are atte/$ by ! fact t x has be5 mi/ak5 = ! writ+ ( ,mr4 ,m>t9eau2 b 7z cle>ly z reviews ev] speak on su* subjects7 x is intimat$ 9 ! op5+ t ?is new article is f a new h&1 at ! risk ( reveal+ division ( p]sons & op9ions )9 ! limits ( ! my/ic critical ,we4 ,:o is ! au?or1 ,i d n "k2 nor c ,i make a likely guess at any "o :o 0 9 m ?an di/ant int]c\rse ) me4 ,?is ?ird review] did n be/[ "o page1 z ,mr4 ,m>t9eau _h done1 on ! ,eclipse2 did n summ>ily pron\nce a broad s5t5ce )\t details1 b d$icat$ ?irty-f\r pages to ! exam9ation & pro(4 ,he op5s ) notic+ ! p>allel :i* ! au?or ( ! ,eclipse has in/itut$ betwe5 8 use ( ridicule & t ( ,pascal2 & replies t he signally violates ,pascal's two rules1 fir/1 to speak ) tru? aga9/ "o's oppon5ts & n ) calumny2 secondly1 n to w\nd !m ne$lessly4 ,neglect ( ! fir/ rule 7says he7 has giv5 to ^! books ! ,eclipse & its ,def5ce _! app>5t controv]sial success2 disreg>d ( ! second _! lit]>y po9t4 ,he adds1 ,we %all %[ t _! au?or mis/ates & misrepres5ts doctr9es2 g>bles quotations1 int]polat+ words :i* give ! passage he cites ref]5ce to subjects q =eign f ^? to :i* 9 ! orig9al !y apply1 :ile reta9+ ! inv]t$ commas1 :i* are ! prop] sign ( fai?ful transcription2 t simil>ly1 he all[s himself ! lic5ce ( omission ( ! v words on :i* ! controv]sy hangs1 :ile 9 appe>ance cit+ v]batim2444 & t he habitually employs a sophi/ry too artful 7we fe>7 to be undesign$4 ,may he n himself h be5 deceiv$1 "s indulg5t r5d] p]haps asks1 by ! fallacies :i* h be5 s successful ) o!rs8 ,x w\ld be z reasonable to suppose t ! grapes :i* delud$ ! birds mu/ h delud$ ,zeuxis :o pa9t$ !m4 ,s grave an accusation aga9/ my assailant's tru?fulness1 com+ n f me1 b f a ?ird p>ty1 & t1 evid5tly a man :o knew well :at he 0 say+ & :y1--c\ld n be pass$ ov] unnotic$1 al?\gh t religi\s _w1 :i* reads "o side only1 cont9u$ to buy ! ,eclipse & its ,def5ce gre$ily1 & n "o 9 a ?\s& ( !m 0 likely to see ! ,prospective ,review1 ,9 ! second edition ( ! ,def5ce ! writ] und]takes to def5d himself aga9/ my advocate1 9 on ,app5dix ( #ai closely pr9t$ pages1 ! ,def5ce itself be+ #bah4 ,! ,eclipse1 9 its #i? edition ( small pr9t1 is #cic pages4 ,& h[ does he set ab\t 8 reply8 ,by try+ to id5tify ! ?ird writ] ) ! second 7:o 0 notori\sly ,mr4 ,m>t9eau71 & to impute to him ill temp]1 *agr91 irritation1 & w\nd$ self-love1 z ! explanation ( ?is ?ird article3 ,he says 7p4 #bba73-- ,! ?ird writ]--if1 z ,i h said1 he be n ! second--sets out on a new voyage ( discov]y 444 & /ill humbly foll[+ 9 ! wake ( ,mr4 ,newman's great critical discov]ies1#c repeats t g5tleman's *>ges ( falsify+ passages1 g>bl+ & misrepres5tation4 ,9 do+ s1 he employs language1 & manife/s a temp]1 :i* ,i %\ld h ?\ght t respect = himself1 if n = 8 oppon5t1 w\ld h induc$ him to suppress4 ,x is en\gh to say1 t he q rivals ,mr4 ,newman 9 sagacity1 & if possible1 has m successfully d5ud$ himself ( *>ity4444 ,if he be ! same z ! second writ]1 ,i am afraid t ! little ,section ,,xv4 i4e4 ! reply to ,mr4 ,m>t9eau 9 #a/ edition ( ! ,def5ce mu/ h (f5d$ ! am\r propre m deeply ?an x ought to h done1 consid]+ ! wanton & outrage\s assault to :i* x 0 a v l5i5t reply1 & t ! critic af=ds ano!r illu/ration ( ! old maxim1 t !re are none s implacable z ^? :o h done a wrong4 ,z ! spectacle ( ! reel+ ,helot taught ! ,sp>tans sobriety1 s 8 bitt]ness %all tea* me mod]ation4 ,i "k en\gh ( human nature to und]/& t x is v possible = an angry man--& *agr9 & irritation are too legibly writt5 on e page ( ?is article--to be betray$ into gross inju/ice4 ,! read] w see f ?is ! difficulty ( my position 9 ?is controv]sy4 ,mr4 ,m>t9eau1 :ile def5d+ himself1 deprecat$ ! pr(anity ( my o!r oppon5t1 & ! a!i/ic nature ( 8 argum5ts4 ,he spoke z a by/&]1 & ) ! advantage ( a judicial position1 & x is call$ wanton & outrage\s4 ,a second writ] goes into detail1 & exposes "s ( ! g>bl+ arts :i* h be5 us$ aga9/ me2 x is imput$#d to ill temp]1 & is ins9uat$ to be f a _s ( p]sonal rev5ge4 ,h[ mu* less c ,i def5d myself1 & t1 aga9/ untru?fulness1 )\t incurr+ su* imputation6 ,my oppon5t speaks to a public :o w n read my replies4 ,he picks out :at he pleases ( my words1 & takes c>e to dive/ !m ( _! ju/ification4 ,i h 7z 0 to be expect$7 met ) mu* treatm5t f ! religi\s press :i* ,i "k _c be ju/ifi$2 b all is slight1 comp>$ to t ( :i* ,i compla9 f ?is writ]4 ,i w pres5tly give a few detail$ in/ances to illu/rate ?is4 ,:ile my *>ge aga9/ my assailant is ess5tially moral1 & ,i _c make any p>ade ( *>ity1 he c speak patroniz+ly ( me n[ & !n1 & makes 8 ma9 attacks on my logic & metaphysics4 ,he says1 t 9 writ+ 8 fir/ book1 he knew no *>act]i/ics ( me1 except t ,i 0 a g5tleman1 a s*ol>1 & a v indiff]5t metaphysician ,at ! risk ( enc\nt]+ yet m ( bant] & insult1 ,i %all "h quote :at ! ?ird ,prospective ,review] says on ?is topic4 7,vol4 x4 p4 #bjh73-- ,our read]s w be able to judge h[ well qualifi$ ! au?or is to sne] at ,mr4 ,newman's metaphysics1 :i* are f> m accurate ?an 8 own1 or to ridicule 8 logic4 ,! tone ( contempt :i* he habitually assumes prepo/]\sly rev]ses ! relative intellectual /atus1 s f> z s\nd sy/ematic ?\ght is conc]n$1 ( ! two m54 ,i d n quote ?is z te/imony to myself b z te/imony t o!rs1 z well z ,i1 feel ! contemptu\s tone assum$ by my adv]s>y 9 precisely t subject on :i* mode/y is call$ =4 ,on metaphysics !re is hi!rto an unreconcil$ div]sity among m5 :o h sp5t _! lives 9 ! /udy2 & a l>ge "p ( ! endless religi\s disputes turns on ?is v fact4 ,h[ev]1 ! be+ told1 9 a multitude ( +5i\s =ms1 t ,i am a wret*$ logician1 is n likely to raffle my tranquillity4 ,:at does necess>ily w\nd me1 is 8 misrepres5t+ my ?\ghts to ! ?\ghtful1 ^: respect ,i hon\r2 & poison+ ! atmosph]e betwe5 me & a ?\s& religi\s he>ts4 ,t ^! d n despise me1 h[ev] mu* contempt he may v5t1 ,i "k only too well ?r\gh _! cruel fe>s ( me4 ,i h j n[ le>n$ incid5tally1 t 9 ! la/ numb] 7a supplem5t>y numb]7 ( ! ,prospective ,review1 !re 0 a %ort reply to ! second edition ( ,mr4 ,rog]s's ,def5ce1 9 :i* ! ,editors (ficially d5y t ! ?ird writ] aga9/ ,mr4 ,rog]s is ! same z ! second2 :i*1 ,i ga!r f _! /atem5t1 ! ,briti% ,qu>t]ly _h tak5 on itself to affirm4 ,i proce$ to %[ :at lib]ties my critic takes ) my argum5ts1 & :at he ju/ifies4 ,i4 ,9 ! clos+ *apt] ( my ?ird edition ( ! ,phases1 ,i _h compla9$ ( 8 bad fai? 9 reg>d to my argum5ts conc]n+ ! ,au?oritative imposition ( moral tru? f )\t4 ,i %[$ t1 aft] tell+ 8 read] t ,i (f]$ no pro( ( my ass]tions1 he dislocat$ my s5t5ces1 alt]$ _! ord]1 omitt$ an adv]b ( inf]5ce1 & isolat$ ?ree s5t5ces out ( a p>agraph ( =ty-six l9es3 t 8 omission ( ! inf]5tial adv]b %[$ 8 delib]ate int5tion to de/roy ! read]'s clue to ! fact1 t ,i _h giv5 pro( :]e he suppresses x & says t ,i h giv5 none2 t ! s5t5ces quot$ z #a1b1c1 by him1 ) me h ! ord] #c1 #b1a2 :ile :at he places fir/1 is ) me an imm$iate & necess>y d$uction f :at has prec$$4 ,n[ h[ does he reply8 ,he does n d5y my facts2 b he ju/ifies 8 process4 ,i mu/ set 8 words be=e ! read]4 7,def5ce1 #bnd ed41 p4 #he47 ,! /range/ ?+ is to see ! way 9 :i*1 aft] p>ad+ ?is suppos$ 'artful dodge1'#e :i*1 ,i assure y1 g5tle read]1 0 all a p]fect novelty to my consci\sness1--,mr4 ,newman goes on to say1 t ! au?or ( ! ',eclipse' has alt]$ ! ord] ( 8 s5t5ces to suit a purpose4 ,he says3 ',! s5t5ces quot$ z #a1 #b1 #c1 by him1 ) me h ! ord] #c1 #b1 #a4' ,i answ]1 t ,h>r+ton 0 simply anxi\s to set =? at ! head ( 8 argum5t1 9 ! cle>e/ & briefe/ =m1 ! conclusions#f he believ$ ,mr4 ,newman to hold1 & :i* he 0 go+ to confute4 ,he _h no idea ( any relation ( subord9ation or dep5d5ce 9 ! above sophisms1 z ,i h j prov$ !m to be1 :e!r arrang$ z #c1 #b1 #a1 or #a1 #b1 #c1 or #b1 #c1 #a1 or 9 any o!r ord] 9 :i* ! possible p]mutations ( ?ree ?+s1 tak5 #c & #c toge!r1 c exhibit !m2 ex nihilo1 nil fit2 & ?ree non5tities c yield j z little4 ,jangle z _m *anges z y w on ^! ?ree crack$ bells1 no logical h>mony c ev] issue out ( !m4 ,?us1 because he does n see ! validity ( my argum5t1 he is to pret5d t ,i h (f]$ none3 he is n to all[ 8 read]s to judge = !mselves z to ! validity1 b !y h to take 8 ^w t ,i am a v que] sort ( logician1 ready = any feats ( logical leg]dema94 ,i h n[ to ask1 :at is g>bl+1 if ! above is n8 ,he admits ! facts1 b ju/ifies !m z hav+ be5 conv5i5t f 8 po9t ( view2 & !n f9ds my *>ity to be v grotesque1 :5 ,i d n "k h[1 )\t hypocrisy1 to avoid call+ a spade a spade4 ,i %all "h repr9t ! pi? ( my argum5t1 some:at %ort5$3-- ,no heav5-s5t ,bible c gu>antee ! v]acity ( ,god to a man :o d\bts t v]acity4 ,unless we h indep5d5t means ( kn[+ t ,god is tru?ful & good1 8 ^w 7if we be ov] s c]ta9 t x is really 8 ^w7 has no au?ority to u3 h5ce no book revelation c1 )\t sapp+ its own p$e/al1 d5y ! validity ( our a priori conviction t ,god has ! virtues ( goodness & v]acity1 & requires l virtues 9 u4 ,& 9 fact1 all ,*ri/ian apo/les & mission>ies1 l ! ,hebrew prophets1 h always confut$ ,paganism by direct attacks on its immoral & unspiritual doctr9es1 & h appeal$ to ! consci5ces ( hea!ns1 z compet5t to decide 9 ! controv]sy4 ,*ri/ianity itself has ?us practically confess$ :at is !oretically cle>1 t an au?oritative ext]nal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is ess5tially impossible to man4 ,:at ,god reveals to u1 he reveals )91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our moral & spiritual s5ses4 ,ext]nal tea*+ may be a tra9+ ( ^? s5ses1 b af=ds no f\ndation = c]titude4 ,?is passage des]v$ ! enmity ( my critic4 ,he quot$ bits ( x1 v sp>+ly1 nev] sett+ be=e 8 read]s my cont9u\s ?\ght1 b giv+ 8 own free v]sions & d$uctions4 ,8 fulle/ quotation /ood ?us1 giv5 only 9 an aft]-*apt]3--,:at ,god reveals to u1 he reveals )91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our moral & spiritual s5ses4 ,*ri/ianity itself has practically confess$ :at is !oretically cle>1 7y mu/ take ,mr4 ,newman's ^w = bo?17#g t an au?oritative ext]nal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is ess5tially impossible to man4 ,no book-revelation c1 )\t sapp+ its own p$e/al1 c4 c4 ,^! ?ree s5t5ces are :at ,mr4 ,rog]s calls ! ?ree crack$ bells1 & ?9ks by rais+ a laugh1 to hide 8 fraud ,i h c>efully look$ ?r\gh ! :ole ( 8 dialogue conc]n+ ,book ,revelation 9 8 #i? edition ( ! ,eclipse 7pp4 #fc-hc ( close pr9t74 ,he /ill excludes f x e "p ( my argum5t1 only /at+ 9 ! op5+ 7p4 #fc7 z my conclusions1 t a book-revelation is impossible1 & t ,god reveals himself f )91 n f )\t ,9 8 ,def5ce 7:i* circulates f> less ?an ! ,eclipse1 to judge by ! numb] ( editions7 he displays 8 brav]y by at l5g? pr9t+ my argum5t2 b 9 ! ,eclipse he cont9ues to suppress x1 at lea/ z f> z ,i c discov] by turn+ to ! places :]e x ought to be f\nd4 ,9 p4 #gg 7#i? ed47 ( ! ,eclipse4 he implies1 )\t absolutely ass]t+1 t ,i hold ! ,bible to be an imp]t95ce4 ,he repeats ?is 9 p4 #he ( ! ,def5ce4 ,su* is 8 mode4 ,i wrote3 ,)\t a priori belief1 ! ,bible is an imp]t95ce1 b ,i say1 man has ?is a priori belief1 on :i* acc\nt ! ,bible is n an imp]t95ce4 ,my la/ s5t5ce 9 ! v passage be=e u1 expressly ass]ts ! value ( 7good7 ext]nal tea*+4 ,?is my critic labori\sly disguises4 ,he c>efully avoids all[+ 8 read]s to see t ,i am cont5d+ fundam5tally = t :i* ! able/ ,*ri/ian div9es h conc$$ & ma9ta9$2 t :i* ! common s5se ( e mission>y kn[s1 & e "o :o is n pr(\ndly ignorant ( ! ,bible & ( hi/ory ought to "k4 ,mr4 ,rog]s is q aw>e1 t no apo/le ev] c>ri$ a ,bible 9 8 h& & said to ! hea!n1 ,believe t !re is a good & j ,god1 because x is writt5 9 ?is book2 b !y appeal$ to ! he>ts & consci5ces ( ! he>]s z compet5t witnesses4 ,he does n ev5 give 8 read] en\gh ( my p>agraph to make intelligible :at ,i meant by say+ ,*ri/ianity has practically confess$2 & yet insi/s t ,i am bo? unreasonable & un*>itable 9 my compla9ts ( him4 ,i "h repr9t ! summ>y ( my belief conc]n+ our k ( morality z fundam5tal1 & n to be tamp]$ ) "u pret5ce ( religion4 ,if an angel f heav5 bade me to lie1 & to /eal1 & to commit adult]y1 & to murd]1 & to sc(f at good m51 & usurp dom9ion ov] my equals1 & d unto o!rs ev]y?+ t ,i wi% n to h done to me2 ,i ought to reply1 ,,be ,,?\ ,,ana!ma6 ,?is1 ,i believe1 0 ,paul's doctr9e2 ?is is m9e4 ,x may be wor? :ile to add h[ 9 ! ,def5ce ,mr4 ,rog]s p\nces on my phrase a priori view ( ! ,div9e "*1 z an excuse = bury+ 8 read]s 9 metaphysics1 9 :i* he ?9ks he has a natural "r to dogmatize aga9/ & ov] me4 ,he mu/ c]ta9ly be aw>e ( ! curr5t logical 7n metaphysical7 use ( ! phrase a priori3 z :5 we say1 t ,le ,v]ri] & ,adams demon/rat$ a priori t a planet mu/ exi/ ext]ior to ,uranus1 be=e any a/ronom] communicat$ in=mation t x does exi/4 ,or aga93 ! ,fr5* ,commission]s prov$ by actual measurem5t t ! e>? is an oblate sph]oid1 ( :i* ,newton _h conv9c$ himself a priori4 ,i always avoid a ne$less argum5t ( metaphysics4 ,writ+ to ! g5]al public ,i _c presume t !y are good judges ( any?+ b a practical & moral argum5t4 ,! a priori views ( ,god1 ( :i* ,i "h speak1 involve no subtle que/ions2 !y are simply ^? views :i* are atta9$ indep5d5tly ( ! alleg$ au?oritative in=mation1 &1 ( c\rse1 are f\nd$ ^u consid]ations e>li] ?an x4 ,b x w\ld take too mu* ( space & "t1 & be f> too t$i\s to my read]s1 if ,i 7 to g 9 detail ?r\gh ,mr4 ,rog]s's objections & misrepres5tations4 ,i h ! sad task ( attack+ 8 good fai?1 to :i* ,i fur!r proce$4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! preface to my second edition ( ! ,hebrew ,mon>*y1 ,i f\nd reason to expla9 briefly 9 :at s5se ,i use ! ^w inspiration4 ,i said1 ,i f\nd x to be curr5t 9 ?ree s5ses2 fir/1 z an extraord9>y influ5ce peculi> to a few p]sons1 z to prophets & apo/les2 secondly1 z an ord9>y influ5ce ( ! ,div9e ,_s on ! he>ts ( m51 :i* quick5s & /r5g!ns _! moral & spiritual p[]s1 & is accessible to !m all 79 a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t7 9 "s proportion to _! own fai?fulness4 ,! ?ird view tea*es t g5ius & inspiration are two names = "o ?+4444 ,*ri/ians = ! mo/ "p hold ! two fir/ conceptions1 ?\gh !y g5]ally call ! second spiritual influ5ce1 n inspiration2 ! ?ird1 seems to be common 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x s happ5s t ! second is ! only inspiration :i* ,i hold4 ,i "h sup]-add ! italics ,on ?is passage ,mr4 ,rog]s comm5t$ z foll[s 7,def5ce p4 #aef73-- ,! late/ utt]ance ( ,mr4 ,newman on ! subject ( inspiration t ,i h read1 occurs 9 8 preface to ! second edition ( 8 ,hebrew ,mon>*y1 :]e he tells u1 t he believes x is an influ5ce accessible to all m51 9 a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t6 ,italics4 ,surely x w be "t to consid] 8 !ory ( inspiration1 :5 he has told u a little m ab\t x4 ,to my m9d1 if ! v g5ius ( my/]y _h fram$ ! def9ition1 x c\ld n h utt]$ any?+ m indef9ite4 ,^u ?is passage ! ,prospective review] said 8 say z foll[s 7vol x4 p4 #bag73-- ,! writ] w v consid]ately def] criticism on ,mr4 ,newman's indef9ite def9ition1 wor?y ( ! g5ius ( my/]y1 till its au?or has told u a little m ab\t x4 ,w anyone believe t he himself delib]ately omits ! sub/ance ( ! def9ition1 & gives 9 its /ead a p>5!tical qualification1 :i* might be left out ( ! orig9al1 )\t injury ei!r to ! grammatical /ructure1 or to ! g5]al mean+ ( ! s5t5ce 9 :i* x occurs8 ,he proce$s to /ate :at ,i did say1 & adds3 ,mr4 ,newman1 9 ! v page 9 :i* ?is /atem5t occurs1 expressly id5tifies 8 doctr9e ) ! ord9>y ,*ri/ian belief ( ,div9e influ5ce4 ,8 words are exactly co9cid5t 9 s5se ) ^? employ$ by ! au?or ( ! ,eclipse1 :]e he ackn[l$ges ! reality ( '! ord9>y1 ?\gh my/]i\s action1 by :i* ,god aids ^? :o s9c]ely seek him 9 e good ^w & "w4' ,! moral fai?fulness ( :i* ,mr4 ,newman speaks1 is ! equival5t ( ! s9c]e se>* ( ,god 9 good ^w & "w1 :i* 8 oppon5t talks (4 ,i mu/ quote ! entire reply giv5 to ?is 9 ! ,def5ce1 second edition1 p4 #bbd3-- ,& n[ = a few examples ( my oppon5t's criticisms4 #a4 ,i said 9 ! ,def5ce t ,i did n und]/& ,mr4 ,newman's notions ( inspiration1 & t1 z to 8 v late/ utt]ance--namely1 t x 0 an influ5ce accessible to all m5 9 a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t italics1 x 0 utt]ly un9telligible to me4 ',w any "o believe 7says my critic7 t he delib]ately omits ! sub/ance ( ! def9ition1 & gives 9 its /ead a p>5!tical qualification1 :i* might be left out ( ! orig9al )\t injury ei!r to ! grammatical /ructure or to ! g5]al mean+ ( ! s5t5ce 9 :i* x occurs8 ,0 any?+ ev] m amus+8 ,a p>5!tical clause :i* might be left out ( ! orig9al )\t injury to ! grammatical /ructure or to ! g5]al mean+6 ,might be left out8 ,ay1 to be sure x might1 & n only ')\t injury1' b ) b5efit2 j z ! dead fly :i* makes ! o9tm5t ( ! apo!c>y to /9k might be left out ( t )\t injury4 ,b x 0 n left out2 & x is precisely because x 0 !re1 & diffus$ s rem>kable an od\r ov] ! :ole1 t ,i *>act]iz$ ! def9ition z ,i did--& mo/ ju/ly4 ,accessible to all m5 9 a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t6 ,:5 & h[ accessible8 ,:at species ( developm5t1 ,i besee* y1 is meant8 ,& :at is ! /age ( x8 ,! v ?+1 :i*1 z ,i say1 & z ev]ybody ( common s5se mu/ see1 r5d]s ! def9ition utt]ly vague1 is ! v clause 9 "q4 ,su* is 8 entire notice ( ! topic4 ,f any o!r writ] ,i %\ld inde$ h be5 amaz$ at su* treatm5t4 ,i _h made ! v in(f5sive pr(ession ( agree+ ) ! curr5t doctr9e ( ,*ri/ians conc]n+ spiritual influ5ce4 ,z ,i 0 n />t+ any new !ory1 b accept+ :at is notori\s1 no?+ m ?an an indication 0 ne$$4 ,i gave1 :at ,i %\ld n call def9ition1 b description ( x4 ,my critic conceals t ,i h av[$ agreem5t ) ,*ri/ians2 ref]s to x z a !ory ( my own2 compla9s t x is obscure2 pret5ds to quote my def9ition1 & leaves out all ! c>d9al words ( x1 :i* ,i h above pr9t$ 9 italics4 ,my def5d]1 9 ! ,prospective ,review1 exposes ^! mal-practices2 po9ts out t my oppon5t is omitt+ ! ma9 words1 :ile compla9+ ( defici5cy2 t ,i pr(ess to agree ) ,*ri/ians 9 g5]al2 & t ,i evid5tly agree ) my critic 9 p>ticul>4 ,! critic und]takes to reply to ?is1 & ! read] has be=e him ! :ole def5ce4 ,! man :o1 z x 71 puts 8 h& on 8 he>t to av[ t he anxi\sly sets be=e 8 read]s1 if n :at ,i mean1 yet c]ta9ly :at ,i h express$1--/ill p]si/s 9 hid+ f !m ! facts ( ! case2 avoids to quote f ! review] s mu* z to let out t ,i pr(ess to agree#h ) :at is preval5t among ,*ri/ians & h no peculi> !ory2--/ill )holds ! c>d9al po9ts ( :at he calls my def9ition2 :ile he tries to lull 8 read] into inatt5tion by affect+ to be highly amus$1 & by bant]+ & bully+ 9 8 usual /yle1 :ile p]v]t+ ! pla9e/ words 9 ! _w4 ,i h no religi\s press to take my "p4 ,i am isolat$1 z my assailant ju/ly rem>ks4 ,= a wond]1 a /ray review "h & !re has run to my aid1 :ile !re is a legion on ! o!r side--newspap]s1 magaz9es1 & reviews4 ,n[ if any or?odox man1 any fri5d ( my assailant1 by "s *ance reads ^! pages1 ,i beg him to comp>e my quotations1 ?us fully giv51 ) ! orig9als2 & if he f9d any?+ false 9 !m1 !n let him plac>d me z a ,,li> 9 ! :ole ( ! religi\s press4 ,b if he f9ds t ,i am "r1 !n let him le>n 9 :at sort ( man he is tru/+--:at sort ( *ampion ( tru? ?is religi\s press has *e]$ on4 ,,iii4 ,i _h compla9$ t ,mr4 ,rog]s falsely repres5t$ me to make a fanatical divorce betwe5 ! intellectual & ! spiritual1 f :i* he conclud$ t ,i ought to be indiff]5t z to ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah or ( ! image :i* fell d[n f ,jupit]4 ,he has pret5d$ t my religion1 accord+ to me1 has receiv$ no?+ by traditional & hi/orical ag5cies2 t x owes no?+ to m5 :o w5t be=e me2 t ,i believe ,i h 79 my s+le unassi/$ bosom7 a spiritual faculty s bright z to anticipate all ess5tial#i spiritual v]ities2 t _h x n be5 = traditional religion1 we %\ld ev]y:]e h he>d ! inv>iable utt]ance ( spiritual religion 9 ! "o dialect ( ! he>t1--t ?is div9ely implant$ faculty ( spiritual disc]nm5t anticipates all ext]nal tru?1 c4 c4 ,i !n adduc$ passages to %[ t 8 /atem5t 0 emphatically & utt]ly contr>y to fact4 ,9 8 ,def5ce1 he ?us replies1 p4 #ge3-- ,i say ) an unfalt]+ consci5ce1 t no controv]ti/ ev] m hone/ly & s9c]ely s\ght to give 8 oppon5t's views1 ?an ,i did ,mr4 ,newman's1 aft] ! mo/ dilig5t /udy ( 8 r obscure books2 & t :e!r ,i h succe$$ or n 9 giv+ :at he ?\ght1 ,i h c]ta9ly giv5 :at he express$4 ,x is q true t ,i suppos$ ,mr4 ,newman int5d$ to divorce fai? & intellect2 & :at else on e>? c\ld ,i suppose1 9 common ev5 ) ^? :o 7 mo/ l5i5tly dispos$ t[>ds him1 f su* s5tim5ts z ^!8 ,,all ,,! ,,gr\nds ,,( ,,belief ,,propos$ ,,to ,,! ,,m]e ,,und]/&+ ,,h ,,no?+ ,,to ,,d ,,) ,,fai? ,,at ,,all4 ,,! ,,processes ,,( ,,?\ght ,,h ,,no?+ ,,to ,,quick5 ,,! ,,consci5ce ,,or ,,affect ,,! ,,s\l4 ,h[ !n c ! /ate ( ! s\l be te/$ by ! conclusion to :i* ! intellect is l$8 ,i 0 compell$1 ,i say1 to take ^! passages z ev]ybody else took !m1 to mean :at !y obvi\sly express4 ,"h he s isolates ?ree ass]tions ( m9e f _! context1 z to sugge/ = ea* ( !m a false mean+1 & make x difficult = ! read] :o has n my book at h& to discov] ! delusion4 ,! fir/ is tak5 f a discussion ( ! argum5ts conc]n+ ! s\l's immortality 7,s\l1 p4 #bbc1 #bnd edition71 on :i* ,i wrote ?us1 p4 #bai3--t to judge ( ! accuracy ( a metaphysical argum5t conc]n+ m9d & matt]1 requires n a pure consci5ce & a lov+ s\l1 b a cle> & calm head2 t if ! doctr9e ( immortality be ( high religi\s importance1 we _c believe x to re/ on su* a basis1 t ^? 9 :om ! religi\s faculties are mo/ develop$ may be m liable to err conc]n+ x ?an ^? :o h no religi\s faculty 9 action at all4 ,on ! contr>y1 conc]n+ tru?s :i* are really spiritual x is an obvi\s axiom1#aj t he :o is spiritual judge? all ?+s1 & he himself is judg$ ( no man4 ,aft] ?is ,i proce$$ to allude to ! hi/ory ( ! doctr9e among ! ,hebrews1 & quot$ "s texts ( ! ,psalms1 ! argum5t ( :i*1 ,i urg$1 is utt]ly inappreciable to ! pure logician1 because x is spiritually disc]n$4 ,i cont9u$ z foll[s3-- ,?is is z x %\ld be4 ,c a ma!matician und]/& physiology1 or a physiologi/ que/ions ( law8 ,a true love ( ,god 9 ! s\l itself1 an insight into ,him dep5d+ on t love1 & a hope ris+ out ( t insight1 are pr]equisite = contemplat+ ?is spiritual doctr9e1 :i* is a spontane\s impression ( ! gaz+ s\l1 p[]ful 7p]haps7 9 proportion to its fai?2 :]eas all ! gr\nds ( belief propos$ to ! m]e und]/&+ h no?+ to d ) fai? at all4 ,i am exp\nd+ ! doctr9e ( ! great ,paul ( ,t>sus1 :o inde$ applies x to ?is v topic1--! future bliss :i* ,god has prep>$ = !m t love him4 ,does ,mr4 ,rog]s attack ,paul z mak+ a fanatical divorce betwe5 fai? & intellect1 & say t he is compell$ s to und]/& him1 :5 he av[s t ! natural man und]/&e? n ! ?+s ( ,god2 = !y are fooli%ness unto him4 ,:5 ! _w by wisdom knew n ,god1 x pleas$ ,god by ! fooli%ness ( prea*+ to save !m t believe4 ,"h is a pret5d$ *ampion ( ,evangelical tru? seek+ to explode z absurdities ! s5tim5ts & judgm5ts :i* h ev] be5 at ! he>t ( ,*ri/ianity1 its pride & its glory6 ,b ,i ju/ify my argum5t z free f fanaticism--& free f obscurity :5 ! :ole s5t5ce is read--to a ,jew or ,mohamm$an1 q z mu* z to a ,*ri/ian4 ,my oppon5t innoc5tly asks1 h[ mu* ,i desire him to quote ( me8 ,b is innoc5ce ! "r ^w1 :5 he has quot$ b two l9es & a half1 out ( a s5t5ce ( sev5 & a half1 & has n ev5 giv5 ! clause complete8 ,by omitt+1 9 8 usual way1 ! connect+ p>ticle :]eas1 he hides f ! read] t he has giv5 b half my ?\ght2 & ?is is done1 aft] my compla9t ( ?is v proce$+4 ,a read] :o sees ! :ole s5t5ce1 disc]ns at once t ,i oppose ! m]e und]/&+1 to ! :ole s\l2 9 %ort1 t by ! man :o has m]e und]/&+1 ,i mean him :om ,paul calls ! natural man4 ,su* a man may h metaphysical tal5ts & acquirem5ts1 he may be a physiologi/ or a great lawy]2 nay1 ,i w add1 7to %ock my oppon5t's t5d] n]ves71 ev5 if he be an ,a!i/1 he may be highly amiable & des]v+ ( respect & love2 b if he has no spiritual developm5t1 he _c h insight into spiritual tru?4 ,h5ce su* argum5ts = immortality z c be appreciat$ by him1 & _c be appreciat$ by religi\s m5 z su*1 h no?+ to d ) fai? at all ,! two o!r passages are f\nd ?us1 9 p4 #bde ( ! ,s\l1 #bnd edition4 ,aft] nam+ local hi/ory1 criticism ( texts1 hi/ory ( philosophy1 logic1 physiology1 demonology1 & o!r important b v difficult /udies1 ,i ask3-- ,is x n extravagant to call inquiries ( ?is sort spiritual or to expect any spiritual#aa results f !m8 ,:5 ! spiritual man 7z su*7 _c judge1 ! "q is remov$ into a totally diff]5t c\rt f t ( ! s\l1 ! c\rt ( ! critical und]/&+4444 ,h[ !n c ! /ate ( ! s\l be te/$ by ! conclusion to :i* ! intellect is l$8 ,:at means ! ana!matiz+ ( ^? :o rema9 unconv9c$8 ,& h[ c x be imag9$ t ! ,"l ( ! s\l c>es m ab\t a hi/orical ?an ab\t a geological1 metaphysical1 or ma!matical argum5t8 ,! processes ( ?\ght h no?+ to quick5 ! consci5ce or affect ! s\l4 ,f my def5d] 9 ! ,prospective ,review ,i le>n t 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! ,def5ce ! ^w ?\ght 9 ! la/ s5t5ce above 0 plac$ 9 italics4 ,he n only prote/$ aga9/ ?is & o!r italics z mislead+1 b cle>ly expla9$ my s5se1 :i*1 z ,i ?9k1 ne$s no o!r int]pret] ?an ! context4 ,9 ! new edition ! italics are remov$1 b ! unju/ isolation ( ! s5t5ces rema9s4 ,! processes ( ?\ght1 ( :i* ,i spoke1 are n all processes1 b ! processes involv$ 9 ! ab/ruse inquiries to :i* ,i _h ref]r$4 ,to say t no processes ( ?\ght quick5 ! consci5ce1 or affect ! s\l1 w\ld be a gross absurdity4 ,?is1 or no?+ else1 is :at he imputes to me2 & ev5 aft] ! prote/ made by ! ,prospective review]1 my assailant n only cont9ues to hide t ,i speak ( c]ta9 processes ( ?\ght1 n all processes1 b ev5 has ! h>dihood to say t he takes ! passages z ev]ybody else does1 & t he is compell$ s to d4 ,9 my own orig9al reply ,i appeal$ to places :]e ,i _h fully express$ my e/imate ( intellectual progress1 & its ultimate b5eficial action4 ,all t ,i ga9 by ?is1 is new g>bl+s & taunts = inconsi/5cy4 ,mr4 ,newman1 says be1 is ! la/ man 9 ! _w to :om ,i w\ld d5y ! b5efit ( hav+ contradict$ himself4 ,b ,i mu/ conf9e myself to ! g>bl+4 ,def5ce1 p4 #ie3-- ,mr4 ,newman affirms t my repres5tations ( 8 views on ?is subject are ! mo/ direct & int5se rev]se ( all t he has mo/ elaborately & c>efully writt56 ,he /ill says1 :at ,god reveals1 he reveals )9 & n )\t1 & he did say 7?\gh1 x seems1 he says no long]71 t '( ,god we "k ev]y?+ f )91 no?+ f )\t2' yet he says ,i h grossly misrepres5t$ him4 ,?is pret5d$ quotation is itself g>bl$4 ,i wrote1 7,phases1 #a/ edition1 p4 #aeb7--,( our moral & spiritual ,god we "k no?+ )\t1 ev]y?+ )94 ,by omitt+ ! adjectives1 ! critic produces a /atem5t oppos$ to my judgm5t & to my writ+s2 & !n goes on to say4 ,well1 if ,mr4 ,newman w engage to prove contradictions1444 ,i ?9k x is no wond] t 8 read]s d n und]/& him4 ,i believe x is a receiv$ judgm5t1 :i* ,i w n positively ass]t to be true1 b ,i d n ?9k ,i h any:]e d5i$1 t ,god is disc]n$ by u 9 ! univ]se z a design]1 creator1 & me*anical rul]1 ?r\gh a m]e /udy ( ! _w & its animals & all _! adaptations1 ev5 )\t an absolute necessity ( m$itat+ consci\sly on ! intellig5ce ( man & turn+ ! eyes )94 ,?us a creative ,god may be said to be disc]n$ f )\t4 ,b 9 my conviction1 t ,god is n s disc]n$ to be moral or spiritual or to be our ,god2 b by moral intellect & moral exp]i5ce act+ inw>dly4 ,if ,mr4 ,rog]s *ooses to d5y ! ju/ness ( my view1 let him d5y x2 b by omitt+ ! emphatic adjectives he has falsifi$ my s5t5ce1 & !n has f\nd$ ^u x a *>ge ( inconsi/5cy4 ,9 a previ\s passage 7p4 #gi7 he gave ?is quotation 9 full1 9 ord] to reproa* me = sil5tly )draw+ x 9 my second edition ( ! ,phases4 ,he says3-- ,! two s5t5ces 9 small capitals are n f\nd 9 ! new edition ( ! ',phases4' ,!y are /ruck out4 ,x is no d\bt ! "r ( an au?or to erase 9 a new edition any expressions he pleases2 b :5 he is ab\t to *>ge ano!r ) hav+ grossly g>bl$ & /eal?ily misrepres5t$ him1 x is z well to let ! _w "k :at he has eras$ & :y4 ,he says t my repres5tation ( 8 s5tim5ts is ! mo/ direct & int5se rev]se ( all t he has mo/ elaborately & c>efully writt54 ,x c]ta9ly is n ! int5se rev]se ( all t he has mo/ elaborately & c>efully scrat*$ out4 ,i exhibit "h ! writ]'s own italics4 ,by ?is attack on my good fai?1 & by pret5d+ t my )drawal ( ! passage is ( s]i\s importance1 he di/racts ! read]'s att5tion f ! argum5t !re 9 h& 7p4 #gi71 :i* is1 n :at are my s5tim5ts & judgem5ts1 b :e!r he _h a "r to dissolve & di/ort my *a9 ( reason+ 7see ,i4 above7 :ile affect+ to quote me1 & pret5d+ t ,i gave no?+ b ass]tion4 ,z reg>ds my elaborately & c>efully scrat*+ out1 ?is 0 done2 #a4 ,because ! passage seem$ to me sup]flu\s2 #b4 ,because ,i _h press$ ! topic else:]e2 #c4 ,because ,i 0 go+ to enl>ge on x 9 my reply to him1 p4 #aii ( my second edition4#ab ,:5 ! real place comes :]e my critic is to deal ) ! sub/ance ( ! passage 7p4 #id ( ,def5ce71 ! read] has se5 h[ he mutilates x4 ,! o!r passage ( m9e :i* he has adduc$1 employs ! ^w reveals1 9 a s5se analog\s to t ( revelation1 9 av[$ relation to ?+s moral & spiritual1 :i* w\ld h be5 se51 _h n my critic rev]s$ ! ord] ( my s5t5ces2 :i* he does aga9 9 p4 #gh ( ! ,def5ce1 aft] my prote/ aga9/ 8 do+ s 9 ! ,eclipse4 ,i wrote3 7,s\l1 p4 #ei7 ,*ri/ianity itself has ?us practically confess$1 :at is !oretically cle>1 t an au?oritative ext]nal revelation ( moral & spiritual tru? is ess5tially impossible to man4 ,:at ,god reveals to u1 he reveals )91 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our moral & spiritual s5ses4 ,! words1 ,:at ,god reveals1 se5 9 ! light ( ! prec$+ s5t5ce1 means3 ,t portion ( moral & spiritual tru? :i* ,god reveals4 ,?is _c be discov]$ 9 ! isolat$ quotation2 & z1 bo? 9 p4 #gh & 9 p4 #ie1 he *ooses to quote my ^w ,:at 9 italics1 8 read] is l$ on to int]pret me z say+ e ?+ :atsoev] :i* we "k ( ,god1 we le>n f )92 a /atem5t :i* is n m9e4 ,besides ?is1 ! misrepres5tation ( :i* ,i compla9$ is n conf9$ to ! r metaphysical words ( )9 & )\t1 z to :i* ! mo/ c&id fri5ds may diff]1 & may misund]/& "o ano!r2--z to :i* also ,i may be truly op5 to correction2--b he assumes ! "r to tell 8 read]s t my doctr9e und]values ,tru?1 & ,intellect1 & ,traditional tea*+1 & ,ext]nal sugge/ion1 & ,hi/orical influ5ces1 & c\nts ! ,bible an imp]t95ce4 ,:5 he fancies he c elicit ?is & t1 by 8 own logic1 out ( s5t5ces & clauses torn f _! context1 he has no "r to disguise :at ,i h said to ! contr>y1 & claim to ju/ify 8 fraud by accus+ me ( self-contradiction4 ,aga9/ all my prote/s1 & all t ,i said to ! v opposite previ\s to any controv]sy1 he coolly alludes to x 7p4 #dj ( ! ,def5ce7 z ?\gh x 7 my av[$ doctr9e1 t3 ,ea* man1 look+ exclusively )91 c at once rise to ! conception ( ,god's inf9ite p]fections4 ,,iv4 ,:5 ,i agree ) ,paul or ,david 7or ?9k ,i d71 ,i h a "r to quote _! words rev]5tially2 b :5 ,i d s1 ,mr4 ,rog]s delib]ately ju/ifies himself 9 ridicul+ !m1 pret5d+ t he only ridicules me4 ,he ?us answ]s my indignant d5unciation 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 ,def5ce1 p4 #e3-- ,mr4 ,newman w>ns me ) mu* solemnity aga9/ ?9k+ t 'que/ions p]ta9+ to ,god are advanc$ by boi/]\s glee4' ,i d n ?9k t ! ',eclipse' is *>act]is$ by boi/]\s glee2 & c]ta9ly ,i 0 n at all aw>e1 t ! ?+s :i* alone#ac ,i h ridicul$--"s ( !m advanc$ by him1 & "s by o!rs--des]v$ to be treat$ ) solemnity4 ,= example1 t an au?oritative ext]nal revelation1#ad :i* mo/ p]sons h ?\ght possible en\gh1 is impossible1--t man is mo/ likely born = a dog's life1 & '!re an end'--t !re are great defects 9 ! morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & mu* imp]fection 9 ! "* ( its f\nd]1--t ! miracles ( ,*ri/ might be real1 because ,*ri/ 0 a clairvoyant & mesm]i/1--t ,god 0 n a ,p]son1 b a ,p]sonality2--,i say1 ,i 0 n aw>e t ^! ?+s1 & su* z ^!1 :i* alone ,i ridicul$1 7 que/ions 'p]ta9+ to ,god1' 9 any o!r s5se ?an ! wilde/ hypo!ses 9 "s s5se p]ta9 to sci5ce1 & ! grosse/ h]esies to religion4 ,n[ fir/1 is 8 /atem5t true8 ,are ^! ! only ?+s :i* he ridicul$8 ,i quot$ 9 my reply to him en\gh to %[ :at 0 ! class ( ?+s p]ta9+ to ,god to :i* ,i ref]r$4 ,he =ces me to requote "s ( ! passages4 ,eclipse1 p4 #hb #a/ ed4 ,y %all be p]mitt$ to say 7:at ,i w n contradict71 t ?\gh ,mr4 ,newman may be inspir$ = aught ,i "k 444 inspir$ z mu* z 7say7 ! inv5tor ( ,lucif] mat*es--yet t 8 book is n div9e1--t x is purely human4 ,aga93 p4 #abf #a/ ed4 ,mr4 ,newman says to ^? :o say !y are unconsci\s ( ^! facts ( spiritual pa?ology1 t ! consci\sness ( ! spiritual man is n ! less true1 t ?\gh8 ! unspiritual man is n privy to x2 & ?is mo/ dev\t g5tleman quotes ) unction ! words3 ,= ! spiritual man judge? all ?+s1 b himself is judg$ ( no man4 ,p4 #da1 #a/ ed41 ,i h reject$ cre$s1 & ,i h f\nd :at ! ,scripture calls1 t peace :i* passe? all und]/&+4 ,i am sure x passes m9e1 7says ,h>r+ton7 if y h really f\nd x1 & ,i %\ld be mu* oblig$ to y1 if y w\ld let me p>ticipate 9 ! discov]y4 ,yes1 says ,fell[es3444 ',i h escap$ f ! bondage ( ! lett] & h be5 introduc$ into ! lib]ty ( ! ,_s4444 ,! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4 ,! fruit ( ! ,_s is joy1 peace1 n--' ,^u my ^w 7said ,h>r+ton1 laugh+71 ,i %all pres5tly beg9 to fancy t ,d\ce ,davie ,deans has turn$ infidel4 ,i h quot$ en\gh to %[ ! nature ( my compla9ts4 ,i *>ge ! satiri/ ) pr(anity1 = ridicul+ s5tim5ts :i* he himself av[s to be holy1 ridicul+ !m = no o!r reason b t ) me also !y are holy & rev]$4 ,he ju/ifies himself 9 p4 #e ( 8 ,def5ce1 z above1 by d5y+ my facts4 ,he aft]w>ds1 9 ,section ,,xii4 p4 #adg1 admits & def5ds !m2 to :i* ,i %all return4 ,i beg my read] to obs]ve h[ clev]ly ,mr4 ,rog]s sl&]s me 9 ! quotation already made1 f p4 #e1 by ins9uat+1 fir/1 t x is my doctr9e1 t man is mo/ likely born = a dog's life1 & !re an end2 next1 t ,i h tak5 "u my patronage ! propositions1 t ! miracles ( ,*ri/ might be real1 because ,*ri/ 0 a clairvoyant & mesm]i/1 & t ,god is n a ,p]son b a ,p]sonality4 ,i _c b be rem9d$ ( :at ! ,prospective review] says ( ,zeuxis & ! grapes1 :5 ,i obs]ve ! delicate skill ( t\* by :i* ! critic puts on j en\gh col\r to affect ! read]'s m9d1 b n s mu* z to draw him to clos] exam9ation4 ,i am at a loss to believe t he supposes me to ?9k t a !ory ( mesm]ic wond]s 7z ! complem5t ( an a!i/ic cre$87 is a "q p]ta9+ to ,god1 or t my rebuke bore ! slighte/ ref]5ce to su* a matt]4 ,z to ,p]son & ,p]sonality1 x is a subtle di/9ction :i* ,i h (t5 met f ,tr9it>ians2 :o1 :5 !y are press$ ) ! argum5t t ?ree div9e ,p]sons are no?+ b ?ree ,gods1 reply t ,p]son is n ! correct translation ( ! my/ical ,hypo/asis ( ! ,greeks1 & ,p]sonality is p]haps a tru] r5d]+4 ,if ,i 7 to answ] ) ! jocosity 9 :i* my critic indulges1 ,i c]ta9ly d\bt :e!r he w\ld ju/ify me4 ,s too1 :5 a ,pan!i/ objects 7err+ly1 z ,i hold7 t a ,p]son is necess>ily some?+ f9ite1 s t ,god _c be a ,p]son2 if1 aga9/ ?is1 a ,!i/ cont5d t ,god is at once a ,p]son & a ,pr9ciple1 & inv5t a use ( ! ^w ,p]sonality to ov]lap bo? ideas2 we may reject 8 nom5clature z too arbitr>y1 b :at rightful place ridicule has "h1 ,i d n see4 ,nev]!less1 x _h :olly escap$ my notice t ! satiri/ _h ridicul$ x1 z ,i n[ inf] t he did4 ,he tells me he 0 n aw>e t ! hold+ t !re are great defects 9 ! morality ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & mu* imp]fection 9 ! "* ( its ,f\nd]1 0 a "q p]ta9+ to ,god4 ,nor inde$ 0 ,i aw>e ( x4 ,i reg>d que/ions conc]n+ a book & a human be+ to be purely secul>1 & desire to discuss !m1 n inde$ ) ridicule b ) fre$om4 ,:5 ,i discuss !m1 he treats my act z intol]ably (f5sive1 z ?\gh ! subject 7 sacr$2 yet he n[ pret5ds t ,i ?9k su* topics p]ta9 to ,god1 & he 0 n aw>e ( x until ,i told him s6 ,?us he turns away ! eyes ( 8 read]s f my true *>ge ( pr(anity1 & fixes !m ^u a fictiti\s *>ge s z to w9 a tempor>y victory4 ,at ! same "t1 s9ce ,*ri/ians believe ! morality ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to h great defects1 & t !re 0 mu* imp]fection 9 ! "* ( its em95t sa9ts1 prophets1 & sages2 ,i _c und]/& h[ my hold+ ! v same op9ion conc]n+ ! ,new ,te/am5t %\ld be a peculi>ly appropriate gr\nd ( bant] & m]rim5t2 nor make me m ju/ly (f5sive to ,*ri/ians1 ?an ! ,paul9e doctr9e is to ,jews4 ,9 m ?an "o place ( ?is ,def5ce he misrepres5ts :at ,i h writt5 on ,immortality1 9 words simil> to ^? "h us$1 ?\gh "h he does n#ae expressly add my "n4 ,9 p4 #ei1 he says1 t accord+ to ,mr4 ,newman's !ology1 x is mo/ probable 79 italics7 t ! successive g5]ations ( m51 ) p]fect indiff]5ce to _! relative moral conditions1 _! crimes or wrongs1 are all knock$ on ! head toge!r2 & t future adju/m5t & retribution is a dream4 7,s p4 #gb47 ,9 a note to ! next page1 he in=ms 8 read]s t if ,i say t ,i h left ! "q ( immortality d\btful1 x does n affect ! argum5t2 = ,i h admitt$ ! probability ( !re be+ no future life4 ,?is topic 0 specially discuss$ by me 9 a %ort *apt] ( my treatise on ! ,s\l1 to :i* alone x is possible = my critic to ref]4 ,9 t *apt] assur$ly ,i d n say :at he pret5ds2 :at ,i d say is1 7aft] reject+1 z unsatisfactory to me1 ! popul> argum5ts f metaphysics1 & f ! suppos$ ne$ ( a future /ate to r$ress ! inequalities ( ?is life27 p4 #bcb3 ,b d ,i !n d5y a future life1 or seek to und]m9e a belief ( x8 ,mo/ assur$ly n2 b ,i w\ld put ! belief 7:e!r x is to be weak] or firm]7 on a spiritual basis1 & on none o!r4 ,i am a%am$ to quote fur!r f t *apt] 9 ?is place2 ! gr\nd on :i* ,i !re tread is too sacr$ = controv]sy4 ,b t a ,*ri/ian advocate %\ld rise f read+ x to tell p t he has a "r to ridicule me = hold+ t man is mo/ likely born = a dog's life1 & !re an end2 absorbs my o!r feel+s 9 melan*oly4 ,i am sure t any c&id p]son1 read+ t *apt]1 mu/ see t ,i 0 hov]+ betwe5 d\bt1 hope1 & fai?1 on ?is subject1 & t if any "o c\ld %[ me t a ,moral ,!ism & a ,future ,life 7 ess5tially comb9$1 ,i %\ld joyfully embrace ! second1 z a fit complem5t to ! fir/4 ,?is writ] takes ! opposite = grant$2 t if he c conv9ce me t ! doctr9e ( a ,future ,life is ess5tial to ,moral ,!ism1 he w--n add to--b refute my ,!ism6 ,/range z ?is at fir/ appe>s1 x is expla9$ by 8 me?od4 ,he draws a hide\s picture ( :at ,god's _w has be5 9 ! pa/1 & inde$ is 9 ! pres5t2 ) words s reek+ ( disgu/ & cruelty1 t ,i _c be> to quote !m2 & ample quotation w\ld be ne$ful4 ,!n he inf]s1 t s9ce ,i mu/ admit all ?is1 ,i virtually believe 9 an immoral ,deity4 ,i suppose 8 in/9ct rightly tells him1 t ,i %all n be likely to reason1 ,because ,god c be s v cruel or c>eless to-day1 he is sure to be v m]ciful & vigilant h]eaft]4 ,accept+ 8 facts z a complete enum]ation ( ! ph5om5a ( ! pres5t _w1 ,i suppose x is bett] inductive logic to say3 ,he :o c be himself s cruel1 & endure su* mon/]s ( brutality = six or m ?\s& ye>s1 mu/ 7by ! laws ( ext]nal induction7 be ! same1 & leave m5 ! same1 = all et]nity2 & is cle>ly reckless ( moral consid]ations4 ,if ,i adopt ?is alt]native1 ,i become a ,pagan or an ,a!i/1 "o or o!r ( :i* ,mr4 ,rog]s seems anxi\s to make me4 ,if he w\ld urge1 t to look at ! d>k & t]rible side ( human life is onesid$ & delusive1 & t ! ,god :o is kn[n to u 9 ,nature has s temp]$ ! _w to man & man to ! _w z to manife/ 8 moral int5tions2--7argum5ts1 :i* ,i ?9k1 my critic mu/ h he>d f ,socrates or ,plato1 )\t pool+ out on !m scald+ words1 su* z ,i feel & av[ to be blasphem\s27--!n he might p]haps help my fai? :]e x is weake/1 & give me 7m or less7 aid to ma9ta9 a future life dogmatically1 in/ead ( hopefully & d\btfully4 ,b n[1 to use my fri5d ,m>t9eau's words3 ,8 me?od d\bles e difficulty )\t reliev+ any1 & t5ds to en?rone a ,devil ev]y:]e1 & leave a ,god n[h]e4 ,s9ce he wrote 8 second edition ( ! ,def5ce1 ,i h br\ght out my "w call$ ,!ism1 9 :i* 7)\t )draw+ my objections to ! popul> idea ( future ,retribution7 ,i h tri$ to reason out a doctr9e ( ,future ,life f spiritual consid]ations4 ,i h no d\bt t my critic w\ld f9d !m highly abo>d1 & p]haps w\ld pron\nce !m ineffably ludicr\s1 & prepo/]\s feats ( logic4 ,if ,i c\ld hide _! exi/5ce f him1 ,i c]ta9ly w\ld1 le/ he misquote & mis9t]pret !m4 ,b z ,i _c keep ! book f him1 ,i "h ref] to x to say1 t if ,i am to ma9ta9 ?is mo/ pr(\nd & my/]i\s doctr9e ) any practical int5sity1 my convictions 9 ! p[] ( ! human m9d to foll[ su* high inquiries1 ne$ to be greatly /r5g!n$1 n to be und]m9$ by su* argum5ts & su* dete/able pictures ( ?is _w1 z ,mr4 ,rog]s holds up to me4 ,he ?r[s at me ! imputation ( hold+1 t man is mo/ likely born = a dog's life1 & !re an end4 ,& is !n ! life ( a sa9t = sev5ty ye>s1 or = sev5 ye>s1 no bett] ?an a dog's life8 ,:at else b a long dog's life does ?is make heav5 to be8 ,su* an und]valu+ ( a %ort b noble life1 is consi/5t ) ! s*eme :i* blasphemes e>? 9 ord] to ennoble heav51 & !n claims to be preem95tly logical4 ,accord+ to ! cle> evid5ce ( ! ,bible1 ! old sa9ts 9 g5]al 7 at lea/ z unc]ta9 z ,i h ev] be5 conc]n+ future life2 nay1 accord+ to ! writ] to ! ,hebrews1 ?r\gh fe> ( dea? !y 7 all _! lifetime subject to bondage4 ,if ,i _h call$ t a dog's life1 h[ eloqu5tly w\ld ,mr4 ,rog]s h rebuk$ me6 ,v4 ,b ,i mu/ recur to 8 def5ce ( ! pr(anity ) :i* he treats sacr$ s5tim5ts & subjects4 ,aft] pret5d+1 9 p4 #e1 t he _h ridicul$ no?+ b ! ?+s quot$ above1 he at l5g?1 9 pp4 #adg-aef1 makes =mal admission ( my *>ge & ju/ifies himself4 ,! pi? ( 8 g5]al reply is 9 ! foll[+1 p4 #aeb3-- ',n[ 7says ,mr4 ,newman7 ,i w n "h f>!r insi/ on ! mon/rosity ( br++ =w>d ,/4 ,paul's words 9 ord] to p\r contempt ^u !m2 a mon/rosity :i* no sophi/ry ( ,mr4 ,h>r+ton c ju/ify6' ,i ?9k ! real mon/rosity is1 t m5 %\ld s coolly employ ,/4 ,paul's words1--= x is a quotation f ! treatise on ! ,s\l1--to mean some?+ totally diff]5t f any?+ he int5d$ to convey by !m1 & employ ! dialect ( ! ,apo/les to contradict _! doctr9es2 t is ! mon/rosity 444 ,x is v h>d to conceive t ,mr4 ,newman did n see ?is4444 ,b _h he gone on only a few l9es1 ! read] w\ld h se5 ,h>r+ton say+3 ',^! words y h j quot$ 7 well 9 ,/4 ,paul's m\?1 & _h a mean+4 ,9 y\rs1 ,i suspect1 !y w\ld h none1 or a v diff]5t "o4' ,accord+ to ?is doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,rog]s1 x w\ld n h be5 pr(ane 9 an unbeliev+ ,jew to make game ( ,moses1 ,david1 & ! ,prophets1 :5ev] !y 7 quot$ by ,paul4 ,! ,jew mo/ pr(\ndly believ$ t ,paul quot$ ! old ,scriptures 9 a false1 z well z 9 a new mean+4 ,"o ,*ri/ian div9e does n feel free to ridicule ! words ( ,paul :5 quot$ errone\sly 7z he ?9ks7 by ano!r ,*ri/ian div9e8 ,:y !n1 :5 quot$ by me8 ,i hold x to be a great insol5ce to d5y my "r to quote ,paul or ,david1 z mu* z ,plato or ,hom]1 & adopt _! language :5ev] ,i f9d x to express my s5tim5t4 ,mr4 ,rog]s's claim to d]ide highly spiritual tru?1 b>ely because ,i rev]e x1 is a union ( inhumanity & impiety4 ,he has n[h]e %[n t ,paul meant some?+ totally diff]5t f ! s5se :i* ,i put on 8 words4 ,i "k t he _c4 ,i d n pret5d always to b9d myself to ! def9ite s5se ( my pr$ecessors2 nor did ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y (t5 adopt & apply 9 an av[$ly new s5se ! words ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 s does ,dr4 ,watts ) ! ,hebrew ,psalms4 ,su* adaptation1 9 ! way ( developm5t & enl>gem5t1 :5 done ) s9c]ely pi\s int5tion1 has nev] be5 reprov$ or =bidd5 by ,*ri/ians1 ,:e!r ,i am wise or unwise 9 my int]pretations1 ! subject is a sacr$ "o1 & ,i treat x solemnly2 & no errors 9 my logic c ju/ify ,mr4 ,rog]s 9 putt+ on ! mask ( a pr(ane sceptic1 :o sc(fs 7n once or twice1 b ?r\gh a long book7 at ! mo/ sacr$ & t5d] matt]s1 su* z "o always dreads to br+ be=e a promiscu\s public1 le/ "o ca/ pe>ls be=e sw9e4 ,& yet unless devotional books be writt51 especially by ^? :o h z yet no *ur*1 h[ are we to aid "o ano!r 9 ! uphill /raggle to ma9ta9 "s elem5ts ( a heav5ly life8 ,c any?+ be m he>tless1 or m l ! sne]+ devil !y talk (1 ?an ,mr4 ,h>r+ton8 ,& "h "o :o pr(esses himself a religions man1 & :o delib]ately1 aft] prote/1 calls me an ,,infidel1 is n satisfi$ ) hav+ sc(f$ 9 an h\r ( folly--79 su* an h\r1 ,i c well believe1 t melan*oly record ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?1 0 fir/ p5n$7--b he p]si/s 9 ju/ify+ 8 claim to je] & sn>l & mutilate1 & palm ^u me s5ses :i* he kn[s are delib]ately disav[$ by me1 all ! :ile pret5d+ t x is my bad logic :i* ju/ifies him6 ,we "k t v _m religi\s m5 are bad logicians3 if ,i am z puzzle-head$ a fool z ,mr4 ,rog]s w\ld make p ?9k me1 h[ does t ju/ify 8 mock+ at my religion8 ,he ju/ifies himself on ! gr\nd t ,i criticize ! ,new ,te/am5t z freely z ,i %\ld ,cic]o 7p4 #adg74 ,well1 !n let him criticize me1 z freely 7& ) z little ( suppression7 z ,i criticize x4 ,b ,i d n laugh at x2 ,god =bid6 ,! read] w see h[ little reason ,mr4 ,rog]s _h to imag9e t ,i _h n read s f> z to see ,h>r+ton's def5ce2 :i* def5ce is1 ei!r an insol5t assumption1 or at any rate n to ! purpose4 ,i w "h add1 t ,i h receiv$ lett]s f num]\s ,*ri/ians to ?ank me = my book on ! ,s\l1 9 su* t]ms z put ! conduct ( ,mr4 ,rog]s into ! mo/ pa9ful contra/3 pa9ful1 z %[+ t !re are o!r ,*ri/ians :o "k1 & he does n "k1 :at is ! true he>t & /r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he tru/s 9 logic & ridicules ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,t leads me to 8 def5ce ( 8 sugge/ion t ,i might be possibly z mu* inspir$ z ! inv5tor ( lucif] mat*es4 ,he says1 p4 #aed3-- ,mr4 ,newman tells me1 t ,i h cle>ly a pr(\nd unbelief 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( div9e influ5ce1 or ,i c\ld n ?us grossly insult x ,i answ]444 t :i* ,h>r+ton ridicul$1 z ! context w\ld h %[n ,mr4 ,newman1 if he _h _h ! pati5ce to read on1 & ! calmness to judge1 is ! *aotic view ( inspiration1 =mally held by ,mr4 ,p>k]1 :o is expressly ref]r$ to1 ,eclipse1 p4 #ha4 ,9 #i? edition1 p4 #ga4 ,! passage conc]n+ ,mr4 ,p>k] is 9 ! prec$+ page3 ,i _h read x1 & ,i d n see h[ x at all relieves ! disgu/ :i* e "r-m9d$ man mu/ feel at ?is passage4 ,my disgu/ is n p]sonal3 ?\gh ,i might surely ask1--,if ,p>k] has made a mi/ake1 h[ does t ju/ify insult+ me8 ,z ,i prote/$1 ,i h made no peculi> claim to inspiration4 ,i h simply claim$ t :i* all#af pi\s ,jews & ,*ri/ians s9ce ,david h always claim$4 ,yet he p]t9aci\sly def5ds ?is rude & wanton passage1 add+1 p4 #aee3 ,z to ! inv5tor ( lucif] mat*es1 ,i am ?or\ghly conv9c$ t he has %$ m light ^u ! _w & be5 abundantly m useful to x1 ?an _m a cl\dy expositor ( mod]n spiritualism4 ,:]e to look = ! _m expositors ( spiritualism1 ,i d n "k4 ,w\ld !y 7 m num]\s4 ,mr4 ,p>k] diff]s f me z to ! use ( ! phrase ,_s ( ,god4 ,i see practical reasons1 :i* ,i h n "h space to insi/ on1 = adh]+ to ! ,*ri/ian1 z di/+ui%$ f ! ,jewi% use ( ?is phrase4 ,!odore ,p>kes foll[s ! phraseology ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 accord+ to :i* ,bezaleel & o!rs receiv$ ! _s ( ,god to aid !m 9 m]e me*anical arts1 build+ & tailor+4 ,to ridicule ,!odore ,p>k] = ?is1 w\ld seem to me nei!r witty nor dec5t 9 an unbeliev]2 b :5 "o does s1 :o pr(esses to believe ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t to be sacr$1 & /oops to lucif] mat*es & ! ,eureka %irt1 z if ?is 7 a refutation1 ,i ne$ a f> sev]] epi!t4 ,mr4 ,rog]s implies t ! light ( a lucif] mat* is comp>able to ! light ( ,!odore ,p>k]2 :at w be ! judgm5t ( mank9d a c5tury h5ce1 if ! wide dissem9ation ( ! ,eclipse ( ,fai? lead to inscrib+ ! "n ( ,h5ry ,rog]s p]man5tly 9 biographical diction>ies6 ,some?+ ( ?is sort may appe>3-- ,,!odore ,,p>k]1 ! mo/ em95t moral !ologian :om ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury produc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:5 ! *ur*es 7 s besott$1 z to uphold ! curse ( slav]y because !y f\nd x ju/ifi$ 9 ! ,bible2 :5 ! ,/atesm51 ! ,press1 ! ,lawy]s1 & ! ,trad+ ,community ?rew _! weight to ! same fatal side2 ,p>k] /ood up to prea* ! high] law ( ,god aga9/ false religion1 false /atesman%ip1 crook$ law & cruel av>ice4 ,he en=c$ ?ree great fundam5tal tru?s1 ,god1 ,hol9ess1 & ,immortality4 ,he (t5 risk$ life & =tune to rescue ! fugitive slave4 ,aft] a %ort & v active life full ( good works1 he di$ 9 bless$ peace1 prematurely worn out by 8 p]petual /ruggle = ! true1 ! "r1 & ! good4 ,8 prea*+ is ! crisis :i* m>k$ ! turn ( ! tide 9 ,am]ica f ! mat]ial to ! moral1 :i* began to en=ce ! et]nal laws ( ,god on trade1 on law1 on adm9i/ration1 & on ! pr(essors ( religion itself4 ,& :at w be !n said ( him1 :o n[ despises ! noble ,p>k]8 ,i hope some?+ m ?an ! foll[+3--,,h5ry ,,rog]s1 an accompli%$ g5tleman & s*ol>1 au?or ( _m books1 ( :i* by f> ! mo/ popul> 0 a sm>t satirical dialogue1 disfigur$ by unju/ifiable g>bl+ & pr(ane language1 ! aim ( :i* 0 to sne] d[n ,!odore ,p>k] & o!rs :o 7 try+ to save spiritual doctr9e out ( ! wreck ( hi/orical ,*ri/ianity4 ,jocose sc(f+1 & dialogue writ+ is ! easie/ ( tasks2 & if ,mr4 ,rog]s's co-religioni/s d n take ! al>m1 & come 9 /r5g? ^u ,messrs4 ,longman1 implor+ !m to suppress ^! books ( ,mr4 ,rog]s1 p]sons :o despise all religion 7) :om ,mr4 ,rog]s p]t9aci\sly conf\nds me "u ! t]m infidel71 may "o ( ^! days imitate 8 sprightly example aga9/ 8 cre$ & *ur*4 ,he himself seems to me at pres5t incurable4 ,i d n appeal to him1 ,i appeal to 8 co-religioni/s1 h[ !y w\ld l ! publication ( a dialogue1 9 :i* 8 free & easy sceptic ,mr4 ,h>r+ton might reason on ! opposite side to t pliable & c&id man ( /raw ,mr4 ,fell[es8 ,i "h subjo9 = _! consid]ation1 an imag9>y extract ( ! sort :i*1 by _! eag] patronage ( ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?1 !y are invit+ aga9/ !mselves4 ,extract4 ,i say1 ,fell[es6 7said ,h>r+ton71 :at 0 t1 t ,p>k] & ,rog]s said ab\t ! ,_s ( ,god8 ,excuse me 7said ,fell[es71 ,!odore ,p>k] & ,h5ry ,rog]s hold v diff]5t views1 ,mr4 ,rog]s w\ld be mu* hurt to be> y class him ) ,p>k]4 ,i "k 7repli$ he71 b !y bo? hold t ,god inspires p2 & t is a great po9t 9 common1 z ,i view x4 ,does n ,mr4 ,rog]s believe ! ,old ,te/am5t inspir$ & all ( x true8 ,c]ta9ly 7said ,fell[es73 at lea/ he 0 mu* %ock$ ) ,mr4 ,newman = try+ to discrim9ate its *aff f its :eat4 ,well !n1 he believes1 does n he1 t ,jehovah fill$ m5 ) ! _s ( wisdom to help !m make a suit ( clo!s = ,a>on6 ,fell[es1 aft] a pause1 repli$3--,t is c]ta9ly writt5 9 ! #bh? *apt] ( ,exodus4 ,n[1 my f9e fell[6 7said ,h>r+ton71 "h is a "q to rile ,mr4 ,rog]s4 ,if ,a>on's togg]y ne$$ "o portion ( ! _s ( wisdom f ,jehovah1 h[ _m portions does ! ,empress ,eug5ie's be/ cr9ol9e ne$8 ,really 7said ,fell[es1 some:at (f5d$71 su* ridicule seems to me pr(ane4 ,=give me1 de> fri5d 7repli$ ,h>r+ton1 ) a sweet smile74 ,y\r views ,i nev] w ridicule2 = ,i "k y h imbib$ some:at ( ,francis ,newman's fancy1 t "o ought to feel t5d]ly t[>ds o!r m5's piety4 ,b ,h5ry ,rog]s is made ( /\t] /uff2 he manfully av[s t a religion1 if x is true1 ought to /& ! te/ ( ridicule1 & he delib]ately approves ?is weapon ( attack4 ,i _c d5y t 7said ,fell[es1 lift+ 8 eyebr[s74 ,b ,i 0 go+ to ask 7cont9u$ ,h>r+ton7 :e!r ,mr4 ,rog]s does n believe t ,jehovah fill$ ,bezaleel ) ! ,_s ( ,god1 = ! "w ( jewell]1 copp]smi?1 & mason8 ,( c\rse he does 7answ]$ ,fell[es71 ! text is p]fectly cle>1 9 ! #ca/ ( ,exodus2 ,bezaleel & ,aholiab 7 bo? inspir$ to become cunn+ workm54 ,by ! ,goose 7said ,h>r+ton7--=give a ,socratic oa?--,i really d n see t ,mr4 ,rog]s diff]s mu* f ,!odore ,p>k]4 ,if a man _c hack a bit ( /one or timb] )\t ! ,_s ( ,god1 ,mr4 ,rog]s w h h>d "w to conv9ce me1 t any "o c make a rifl$ cannon )\t ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,!re is some?+ 9 t 7said ,fell[es74 ,9 fact1 ,i h sometimes wond]$ h[ ,mr4 ,rog]s c\ld say t :i* looks s pr(ane1 z :at he said ab\t ! ,eureka %irt4 ,pray :at is t8 7said ,h>r+ton27 & :]e8 ,x is 9 8 celebrat$ ,def5ce1 #bnd edition1 p4 #aee4 ,if ,m9os & ,praxiteles are inspir$ 9 ! same s5se z ,moses & ,*ri/1 !n ! inv5tor ( lucif] mat*es1 z well z ! inv5tor ( ! ,eureka %irts1 mu/ be also admitt$--to be inspir$4 ,d y mean t he is try+ to save ! cr$it ( ,moses1 by ma9ta9+ t ! ,_s ( ,god :i* guides a sculptor is n ! same 9 k9d z t :i* guides a sa9t8 ,no 7repli$ ,fell[es1 ) surprise71 he is n def5d+ ,moses2 he is attack+ ,p>k]4 ,bless me 7said ,h>r+ton1 />t+ up71 :at is become ( ! man's logic6 ,:y1 ,p>k] & ,moses are 9 ! same boat4 ,mr4 ,rog]s fires at x1 9 hope to s9k ,p>k]2 & does n "k t he is s5d+ old ,moses to ,davy's lock]4 ,n[ ?is is too bad 7said ,fell[es71 ,i really _c be> x4 ,nah6 ,nah6 good fri5d 7said ,h>r+ton1 implor+ly71 be calm2 & rememb]1 we h agre$ t ridicule--aga9/ ,mr4 ,rog]s1 n aga9/ y--is fair play4 ,t is true 7repli$ ,fell[es ) m composure74 ,n[ 7said ,h>r+ton1 ) a confid5tial air71 y are my fri5d1 & ,i w tell y a secret--be sure y tell no "o--,i ?9k t ,h5ry ,rog]s1 ,!odore ,p>k]1 & ,francis ,newman are ?ree n9nies2 all wrong2 = !y all pr(ess to believe 9 div9e inspiration3 yet !y are n n9nies ( ! same class4 ,i admit to ,mr4 ,rog]s t !re is a real diff]5ce4 ,h[ d y mean 7said ,fell[es1 ) curiosity ar\s$78 ,:y 7said ,h>r+ton1 paus+ & becom+ impressive71 ,newman is a flimsy my/ic2 he has no f\ndation1 b he builds logically en\gh--at lea/ z f> z ,i see--on 8 fancies & o!r p's fancies4 ,?is is to be a simple n9ny4 ,b ,mr4 ,rog]s fancies he believes a my/ical religion1 & doesn't2 & fancies he is v logical1 & isn't4 ,?is is to be a d\bly di/ill$ n9ny4 ,really ,i d n call ?is ridicule1 ,mr4 ,h>r+ton 7said ,fell[es1 ris+71 ,i mu/ call x sl&]4 ,:at "r h y to say t ,mr4 ,rog]s does n believe 9 ! holy tru?s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,surely 7repli$ ,h>r+ton7 ,i h j z mu* "r z ,mr4 ,rog]s has to say t ,mr4 ,newman does n believe ! holy s5tim5ts ( ,/4 ,paul1 :5 ,mr4 ,newman says he does4 ,d y rememb] h[ ,mr4 ,rog]s told him x 0 absurd = an infidel l him to ?ird3 he 0 9 a condition to rebuke any "o = be+ pr(ane1 or fancy he _h a "r to say t he believ$ ?is & t my/ical text ( ,paul1 :i*1 ,mr4 ,rog]s av[s1 ,newman totally mi/akes & does n believe z ,paul meant x4 ,n[ ,i may be v wrong2 b ,i augur t ,newman does und]/& ,paul1 & ,rog]s does n4 ,= ,rog]s is ( ! ,paley s*ool1 & a wit2 & a brilliant *ap he is1 l ,macaulay4 ,su* m5 _c be my/ics nor ,puritans 9 ,paul9e fa%ion2 !y _c be> to he> ( a religion f )92 b1 z ,i he>d a fell[ say ! o!r day1 ,newman has nev] work$ (f ! ,puritan leav54 ,well 7said ,fell[es71 b :y d y call ,mr4 ,rog]s illogical8 ,i ?9k y h se5 "o in/ance already1 b t is a trifle comp>$ to 8 fundam5tal blund] 7said ,h>r+ton74 ,:at c y mean8 h[ fundam5tal 7ask$ 8 fri5d78 ,:y1 he says1 t ,i 7= in/ance7 :o h s fai? :atev] 9 :at he calls revelation1 _c h any j belief or sure k ( ! moral qualities ( ,god2 9 fact1 am logically b\nd 7equally ) ,mr4 ,newman7 to reg>d ,god z immoral1 if ,i judge by my own faculties alone4 ,does he n say t8 ,unque/ionably2 he has a :ole *apt] 7*4 ,,iii47 ( 8 ,def5ce to en=ce ?is on ,mr4 ,newman 7repli$ ,fell[es74 ,well1 next1 he tells me1 t :5 ! ,*ri/ian message1 z f ,god1 is pres5t$ to me1 ,i am to believe x on ! ^w ( a ,god :om ,i suppose to be1 or ought to suppose to be1 immoral4 ,if ,i suppose ,a ,b a rogue1 %all ,i believe ! message :i* ! rogue s5ds me8 ,surely1 ,h>r+ton1 y =get t y are speak+ ( ,god1 n ( man3 y ought n to reason s 7said ,fell[es1 some:at agitat$74 ,surely1 ,fell[es1 x is y :o =get 7retort$ ,h>r+ton7 t syllogism dep5ds on =m1 n on matt]4 ,:e!r x be ,god or ,man1 makes no diff]5ce2 ! logic mu/ be tri$ by turn+ ! t]ms into ,x ,y ,z4 ,b ,i h n said all ,mr4 ,rog]s says1 ,i am b\nd to ?r[ away ! moral pr9ciples :i* ,i already h1 at ! bidd+ ( a ,god :om ,i am b\nd to believe to be immoral4 ,no1 y are unfair 7said ,fell[es71 ,i "k he says t revelation w\ld confirm & improve y\r moral pr9ciples4 ,b ,i am n unfair4 ,x is he :o argues 9 a circle4 ,:at w be improvem5t1 is ! v "q p5d+4 ,he says1 t if ,jehovah call$ to me f heav51 ,o ,h>r+ton6 ,o ,h>r+ton6 take ?9e innoc5t son1 ?9e only son1 lay him on ! alt> & kill him1 ,i %\ld be b\nd to reg>d ob$i5ce to ! comm& an improvem5t ( my morality2 & ?is1 ?\gh1 up to ! mom5t :5 ,i he>d ! voice1 ,i _h be5 b\nd logically to believe ,jehovah to be an ,,immoral ,god4 ,:at ?9k y ( t = logic8 ,i confess 7said ,fell[es1 ) great c&\r7 ,i mu/ yield up my fri5d's reputation z a logician2 & ,i beg9 to ?9k he 0 unwise 9 talk+ s contemptu\sly ( ,mr4 ,newman's reason+ faculties4 ,b 9 tru?1 ,i love my fri5d = ! great spiritual b5efits ,i h d]iv$ f him & _c admit to y t he is n a v s9c]e believ] 9 my/ical ,*ri/ianity4 ,:at b5efits1 may ,i ask8 7said ,h>r+ton74 ,i h f\nd by 8 aid ! peace :i* passe? und]/&+ 7repli$ he74 ,x passes my und]/&+1 if y h 7answ]$ ,h>r+ton1 laugh+71 & ,i %all be inf9itely oblig$ by y\r all[+ me to p>ticipate 9 ! discov]y4 ,9 pla9 tru?1 ,i d n tru/ y\r my/icism4 ,b are y 9 a condition to =m an op9ion8 7said ,fell[es1 ) a s]i\s air74 ,mr4 ,rog]s has en=c$ on me ,/4 ,paul's maxim3 ,! natural man disc]ne? n ! ?+s ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,my mo/ dev\t g5tleman ,i 7repli$ ,h>r+ton71 h[ unctu\s y are6 ,=give my laugh+2 b x does s rem9d me ( ,d\ce ,davie ,deans4 ,i w make y pr(essor ( spiritual insight1 c41 c41 c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ is n ?is disgu/+8 ,might ,i n ju/ly call ! man a pr(ane dog :o approv$ ( x8 ,yet ev]y?+ t is wor/ "h is closely copi$ f ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?1 or ju/ifi$ by ! ,def5ce4 ,h[ long w x be be=e ,engli% ,*ri/ians cry out ,%ame aga9/ ^? two books8 ,,vi4 ,i mu/ devote a few words to def9e ! direction & ju/ification ( my argum5t 9 "o *apt] ( ?is treatise4 ,all good argum5ts are n rightly address$ to all p]sons4 ,an argum5t good 9 itself may be inappreciable to "o 9 a c]ta9 m5tal /ate1 or may be highly exasp]at+4 ,if a ?\ghtful ,mohamm$an1 a se>*] aft] tru?1 7 to confide to a ,*ri/ian a new basis on :i* be desir$ to f\nd ! ,mohamm$an religion--viz41 ! absolute moral p]fection ( its prophet1 & 7 to urge on ! ,*ri/ian ?is argum5t 9 ord] to conv]t him1 ,i _c ?9k t any "o w\ld blame ! ,*ri/ian = dem&+ :at is ! evid5ce ( ! fact4 ,su* an appeal w\ld ju/ify 8 dissect+ ! receiv$ acc\nts ( ,mohamm$1 po9t+ out :at appe>$ to be flaws 9 8 moral conduct2 nay1 if requisite1 urg+ "s positive vice1 su* z 8 except+ himself f 8 g5]al law ( f\r wives only4 ,b a ,*ri/ian mission>y w\ld surely be blam$ 7at lea/ ,i %\ld blame him71 if1 9 prea*+ to a mix$ multitude ( ,mohamm$ans aga9/ ! au?ority ( _! prophet1 he took z 8 basis ( refutation ! prophet's p]sonal s5suality4 ,we are able to =esee t ! exasp]ation produc$ by su* an argum5t mu/ d]ange ! balance ( m9d 9 ! he>]s1 ev5 if ! argum5t is to ! purpose2 at ! same "t1 x may be really away f ! purpose to !m1 if _! belief has no clos] connexion ) ! p]sonal virtue ( ! prophet1 ?an has t ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians ) ! virtue ( ,balaam or ,jonah4 ,i w proce$ to imag9e1 t :ile a mission>y 0 tea*+1 talk+1 & di/ribut+ tracts to recomm5d1 8 own views ( religion1 a ,moolah 7 to g r\nd & in=m ev]ybody t ?is ,*ri/ian believ$ ,mohamm$ to be an un*a/e man1 & _h us$ ! v argum5t to su* & su* a p]son4 ,i feel assur$ t we %\ld all pron\nce ?is proce$+ to be a v cunn+ act ( spiteful1 bigotry4 ,my own case1 z t[>ds c]ta9 ,unit>ian fri5ds ( m9e1 is q simil> to ?is4 ,!y prea* to me ! absolute moral p]fection ( a c]ta9 man 7or r1 ( a c]ta9 portrait7 z a suffici5t basis = my fai?4 ,h]eby !y *all5ge me1 & z x 7 =ce me1 to inquire into its p]fection4 ,i h tri$ to conf9e ! argum5t )9 a n>r[ circle4 ,x is address$ by me specifically to !m & n to o!rs4 ,i w\ld n address x to ,tr9it>ians2 p>tly1 because !y are n 9 a m5tal /ate to get any?+ f x b pa91 p>tly because mu* ( x becomes intr9sically bad z argum5t :5 address$ to !m4 ,_m acts & words :i* w\ld be "r f an inc>nate ,god1 or f an angel1 are 79 my op9ion7 highly unbecom+ f a man2 consequ5tly ,i mu/ l>gely rem\ld ! argum5t be=e ,i c\ld myself approve ( x1 if s address$4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! argum5t is su* z ,mr4 ,rog]s ju/ifies1 :5 he says t ,mr4 ,m>t9eau q takes away all solid reasons = believ+ 9 ,*ri/'s absolute p]fection4 7,def5ce1 p4 #bbj47 ,i op5$ my *apt] 7*apt] ,,vii47 above ) a di/9ct av[al ( my wi% to conf9e ! p]usal ( x to a v limit$ circle4 ,mr4 ,rog]s 7act+1 x seems1 on ! old pr9ciple1 t :atev] "o's enemy deprecates1 is a good7 in/antly p\nces on ! *apt]1 av[s t if infidelity c\ld be ru9$1 su* imprud5cies#ag w\ld g f> to ru9 x1 p4 #bb2 & because he believes t x w be unspeakably#ah pa9ful to ! or?odox = :om ,i d n int5d x1 he pr9ts ! great] "p ( x 9 an ,app5dix1 & expresses 8 regret t he _c publi% e syllable ( x1 p4 #bb4 ,su* is 8 t5d] reg>d = ! feel+ ( 8 co-religioni/s4 ,my def5d] 9 ! ,prospective ,review w\nd up z foll[s 7x4 p4 #bbg73-- ,& n[ we h conclud$ our pa9ful task1 :i* no?+ b a feel+ ( :at ju/ice--lit]>y1 & p]sonal--requir$1 w\ld h induc$ u to und]take4 ,! tone ( intellectual disp>agem5t & moral rebuke :i* c]ta9 critics1--deceiv$ by ! %all[e/ sophisms ) :i* an unscrupul\s writ] c\ld "w on _! prepossessions & insult _! und]/&+s--h adopt$ t[>ds ,mr4 ,newman made exposure necess>y4 ,! l5g? to :i* our rem>ks h ext5d$ requires apology4 ,evid5ce to "* is necess>ily cumulative1 & n easily compressible )9 n>r[ limits4 ,en\gh has be5 said to %[ t !re is n an art discr$itable 9 controv]sy1 to :i* rec\rse is n freely _h 9 ! ',eclipse ( ,fai?' & ! ,def5ce ( x4 ,! read] mu/ judge = himself :e!r ?is sev]e & t]rible s5t5ce ( ! review] proce$s f ill-temp] & p]sonal mortification1 z ! au?or ( ! ,eclipse & its ,def5ce gratuit\sly lays d[n1 or :e!r x 0 prompt$ by a s5se ( ju/ice1 z he himself affirms4 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,eclipse _h previ\sly be5 notic$ 9 ! same review1 on ! :ole fav\rably1 by a writ] ( evid5tly a diff]5t religi\s s*ool1 & be=e ,i _h expos$ ! evil arts ( my assailant4 ,footnote #b3 ,! au?or%ip is s9ce ackn[l$g$ by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,rog]s1 9 ! title to 8 article on ,bi%op ,butl] 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 ,footnote #c3 ,t is1 my discov]y t ! writ] ( ! ,eclipse ( ,fai? grossly misquotes & mis9t]prets me4 ,footnote #d3 ,page #bbe1 he says1 t ea* criticism is q wor?y ( ,mr4 ,newman's fri5d1 def5d] & admir]2 assum+ a fact1 9 ord] to l[] my def5d]'s cr$it ) 8 read]s4 ,footnote #e3 ,z he puts artful dodge into quotation m>ks1 8 read]s w almo/ inevitably believe t ?is vulg> language is m9e4 ,9 ! same _s to speaks ( me z mak+ m]ry ) a ,book ,revelation2 z if ,i _h ! slighte/ sympa?y or %>e 9 ! /yle & tone :i* p]vades ! ,eclipse4 ,b !re is no end ( su* ?+s to be d5\nc$4 ,footnote #f3 ,italics 9 ! orig9al4 ,footnote #g3 ,9 ! n9? edition1 p4 #ajd1 ,i f9d t to cov] ! =mal falsehood ( ^! words1 he adds3 :at he calls 8 argum5ts are ass]tions only1 /ill )hold+ t :i* w\ld confute him4 ,footnote #h3 ,i w "h add1 t ?is /9k+ fly--! p>5!sis 79 a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t7--0 add$ m]ely to avoid dogmatiz+ on ! "q1 h[ e>ly 9 human hi/ory or 9 human life ?is my/]i\s notion ( ! div9e _s is recognizable z comm5c+4 ,footnote #i3 ,if ! ^w ess5tial is expla9$ away1 ?is s5t5ce may be att5uat$ to a truism4 ,footnote #aj3 ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians1 #a/ ,ep4 ii4 ,footnote #aa3 ,?is clause is too /rong4 ,expect direct spiritual results1 might h be5 bett]4 ,footnote #ab3 ,! sub/ance ( :at ,i wrote 0 ?is4 ,socrates & ,cic]o ask1 :]e did we pick up our intellig5ce8 ,x did n come f no?+2 x mo/ reside 9 ! m9d ( him f :om we & ?is _w came2 ,god mu/ be m intellig5t ?an man1 8 creature4--,b ?is argum5t may be appli$ ) equal tru?1 n to intellig5ce only1 b to all ! ess5tial high qualities ( man1 ev]y?+ noble & v5]able4 ,:5ce came ! pr9ciple ( love1 :i* is ! noble/ ( all6 ,x mu/ reside 9 ,god m truly & glori\sly ?an 9 man4 ,he :o made lov+ he>ts mu/ himself be lov+4 ,?us ! intellig5ce & love ( ,god are kn[n ?r\gh our consci\sness ( intellig5ce & love )94 ,footnote #ac3 ,he puts alone 9 italics4 ,a little bel[ he repeats1 :i* alone ,i ridicul$4 ,footnote #ad3 ,he %\ld add3 ext]nal au?oritative revelation ( moral & spiritual tru?4 ,no communication f heav5 c\ld h moral weight1 to a he>t previ\sly de/itute ( moral s5tim5t1 or unbeliev+ 9 ! morality ( ,god4--,:at is !re 9 ?is t des]ves ridicule8 ,footnote #ae3 ,he puts x betwe5 two o!r /atem5ts :i* av[$ly ref] to me4 ,footnote #af3 ,mr4 ,rog]s asks on ?is3 ,does ,mr4 ,newman mean t he claims z mu* z ! apo/les claim$1 :e!r !y did s rightfully or n8 ,see h[ acutely a logician c p]v]t ! ^w all6 ,footnote #ag3 ,!re is mu* mean+ 9 ! ^w imprud5cies on :i* ,i ne$ n comm5t4 ,footnote #ah3 ,unspeakably pa9ful is 8 phrase = some?+ mu* small]1 7,eclipse n9? edition p4 #aid17 :i* he insi/s on simil>ly obtrud+1 aga9/ my w & prote/4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,x is an error n at all peculi> to ! au?or ( ! ,eclipse ( ,fai?1 b is %>$ ) him by _m o!rs1 & by "o :o has treat$ me 9 a v diff]5t _s1 t ,*ri/ians are able to use a!i/ic argum5ts aga9/ me )\t w\nd+ ,*ri/ianity4 ,z ,i h writt5 a r ample book1 call$ ,!ism1 expressly design$ to e/abli% aga9/ ,a!i/s & ,pan!i/s t moral ,!ism :i* ,*ri/ians1 ,jews1 & ,mohamm$ans h 9 common1 & :i* und]lies e attempt ( any ( ! ?ree religions to e/abli% its peculi> & sup]natural claims2 ,i h no ne$ ( ent]+ on t argum5t "h4 ,x is n true1 t1 z a ,!i/1 ,i evade ! objections urg$ by real a!i/s or sceptics2 on ! contr>y1 ,i try to se>* !m to ! v bottom4 ,x is only 9 argu+ ) ,*ri/ians t ,i dis[n ! obligation ( reply2 & t1 because !y are z mu* conc]n$ z ,i to answ]2 & ought to be able to give me1 on ! gr\nd ( natural !ology1 good replies to e fundam5tal objection f ! sceptic1 if ,i h n got !m myself4 ,to decl>e ! objections ( our common adv]s>ies valid aga9/ ^? fir/ pr9ciples ( religion :i* are old] ?an ,jesus or ,moses1 is c]ta9ly to surr5d] ! cause ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if ?is ne$ m elucidation1 let x be obs]v$1 t no ,*ri/ian c take a s+le /ep 9 argum5t ) a hea!n1 mu* less e/abli% 8 claim ( au?ority = ! ,bible1 )\t presum+ t ! hea!n w admit1 on he>+ !m1 ^? doctr9es ( moral ,!ism1 :i*1 x is pret5d$1 ,i c h no good reason = admitt+4 ,if ! hea!n s9c]ely retorts aga9/ ! mission>y su* ,pagan scepticism z is flung at me by ,*ri/ians1 ! mission>y's words are va92 nor is any success possible1 unless 7) me7 he c lay a prior f\ndation ( moral ,!ism1 indep5d5t ( any assumption conc]n+ ! claims ( ! ,bible4 ,x avails no?+ to prea* rep5tance ( s9 & salvation f judgm5t to come1 to m9ds :i* are truly empty ( ! belief t ,god has any c>e = morality4 ,i ( c\rse d n say1 & h nev] said1 t ! doctr9e ( ! div9e hol9ess1 goodness1 tru?1 mu/ h be5 previ\sly an active belief ( ! hea!n he>]4 ,to h /at$ a "q cle>ly is (t5 half ! solution2 & ! tea*]1 :o s /ates a high doctr9e1 gives a great aid to ! le>n]'s m9d4 ,b unless1 aft] x has be5 affirm$ t !re is a ,great ,et]nal ,be+ p]vad+ ! univ]se1 :o disapproves ( human evil & comm&s u to pursue ! good1 ! consci5ce & intellect ( ! he>] gives ass5t1 no argum5t ( moral religion c h weight ) him2 !re=e nei!r c any argum5t ab\t miracles1 nor any appeal to ! ,bible z au?oritative4 ,( c\rse ! book has n z yet any influ5ce ov] him1 nor w its miracles1 any m ?an its doctr9es1 be receiv$ on ! gr\nd ( _! be+ 9 ! book4 ,?us a direct & indep5d5t disc]nm5t ( ! great tru?s ( moral ,!ism is a po/ulate1 to be prov$ or conc$$ be=e ! ,*ri/ian c beg9 ! argum5t 9 fav\r ( ,biblical pret]naturalism4 ,i _h ?\ght x w\ld h be5 av[$ & ma9ta9$ ) a g5]\s pride1 t em95tly 9 ,*ri/ian lit]ature we f9d ! noble/1 s\nde/1 & fulle/ advocacy ( moral ,!ism1 z hav+ its evid5ce 9 ! he>t ( man )9 & nature )\t1 indep5d5tly ( any po/ulates conc]n+ ! ,bible4 ,i c]ta9ly grew up = ?irty ye>s 9 t belief4 ,treatises on ,natural ,!ology1 :i* 7) :atev] success7 endeav\r$ to trace--n only a con/ructive ,god 9 ! out] _w1 b also a good ,god :5 t _w is view$ 9 connexion ) man2 7 among ! text-books ( our cl]gy & ( our univ]sities1 & 7 9 _m ways cr[n$ ) hon\r4 ,bampton ,lectures1 ,bridgewat] ,treatises1 ,burnet ,prize ,essays1 h 7at lea/ till v rec5tly 9 "o case7 be5 all1 ,i r ?9k1 9 ! same direction4 ,& surely ) excell5t reason4 ,to av[ t ! doctr9es ( ,moral ,!ism h no f\ndation to "o :o sees no?+ pret]natural 9 ! ,bible1 is 9 a ,*ri/ian su* a suicidal absurdity1 t :5ev] an a!i/ advances x1 x is met ) indignant d5ial & contempt4 ,! argum5tative /r5g? ( ?is ,app5dix1 z a reply to ^? :o call !mselves or?odox ,*ri/ians1 is imm5sely increas$ by analys+ _! subsidi>y doctr9es1 :i* pret5d to relieve1 :ile !y prodigi\sly aggravate1 ! previ\s difficulties ( ,moral ,!ism2 ,i mean ! doctr9e ( ! fall ( man by ! ag5cy ( a devil1 & ! et]nal hell4 ,b e man :o d>es to ?9k w easily "w out su* ?\ghts = himself4 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,i "h reproduce 7m]ely t x may n be pret5d$ t ,i sil5tly )draw x7 ! sub/ance ( an illu/ration :i* ,i (f]$ 9 my #bnd edition1 p4 #ahd4 ,:5 ,i d5y t ,hi/ory c be ,religion or a "p ( ,religion1 ,i mean x exactly 9 ! same s5se1 9 :i* we say t hi/ory is n ma!matics1 ?\gh ma!matics has a hi/ory4 ,religion und\bt$ly comes to u by hi/orical transmission3 x has _h a sl[ gr[?2 b s is x ) ma!matics1 s is x ) all o!r sci5ces4 7,i ref] to ma!matics1 n z peculi>ly l to religion1 b z peculi>ly unlike2 x is !re=e & =tiori argum5t4 ,:at is true ( !m z sci5ces1 is true ( all sci5ce47 ,no sci5ce c fl\ri%1 :ile x is receiv$ on au?ority4 ,sci5ce comes to u by ext]nal transmission1 b is n believ$ because ( t transmission4 ,! hi/ory ( ! transmission is g5]ally in/ructive1 b is no prop] "p ( ! sci5ce itself4 ,all ?is is true ( ,religion4 ,,! ,,end4