,,leg5ds ,,( ,,! ,,madonna1 ,,z ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,f9e ,,arts4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,jameson4 ,,correct$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,edition4 ,,bo/on3 ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,company4 ,! ,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge4 #ahha4 ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,publi%]s4 ,"s mon?s s9ce ,mrs4 ,jameson k9dly cons5t$ to prep>e = ?is ,edition ( h] writ+s ! s]ies ( ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1 b dy+ be=e %e _h "t to fulfil h] promise1 ! arrangem5t has be5 intru/$ to o!r h&s4 ,! text ( ! :ole s]ies w be an exact repr9t ( ! la/ ,engli% ,edition4 ,,ticknor ,,fields4 ,,bo/on1 ,oct4 #a/1 #ahfj4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,preface ,,introduction-- ,orig9 ( ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,madonna4 ,e>lie/ arti/ic ,repres5tations4 ,orig9 ( ! ,gr\p ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 ! ,fif? ,c5tury4 ,! ,fir/ ,c\ncil at ,ephesus4 ,! ,iconocla/s4 ,fir/ ,appe>ance ( ! ,effigy ( ! ,virg9 on ,co9s4 ,p]iod ( ,*>lemagne4 ,p]iod ( ! ,crusades4 ,revival ( ,art 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury4 ,influ5ce ( ,dante4 ,! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance & ! ,hussite ,w>s4 ,! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,luxury ( ,*ur* ,pictures4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,classical ,lit]ature on ! ,repres5tations ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,!ological ,art4 ,spani% ,art4 ,influ5ce ( ,jesuitism on ,art4 ,au?orities foll[$ by ,pa9t]s 9 ! e>lie/ ,times4 ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,luke4 ,"* ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y z drawn 9 ! ,gospels4 ,e>ly ,descriptions ( h] ,p]son2 h[ f> att5d$ to by ! ,pa9t]s4 ,poetical ,extracts descriptive ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,,symbols ,,& ,,attributes ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,prop] ,co/ume & ,col\rs4 ,,devotional ,,subjects ,,& ,,hi/orical ,,subjects4 ,alt>-pieces4 ,! ,life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y z treat$ 9 a ,s]ies4 ,! ,sev5 ,joys & ,sev5 ,sorr[s z a ,s]ies4 ,titles ( ! ,virg91 z express$ 9 ,pictures & ,effigies4 ,*ur*es d$icat$ to h]4 ,conclusion4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,notes ,,devotional ,,subjects4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,)\t ,,! ,,*ild4 ,,la ,,v]g9e ,,gloriosa4 ,e>lie/ ,figures4 ,! ,mosaics4 ,! ,virg9 ( ,san ,v5anzio4 ,! ,virg9 ( ,spoleto4 ,! ,en?ron$ ,virg9 )\t ! ,*ild1 z type ( heav5ly ,wisdom4 ,v>i\s ,examples4 ,l',,incoronata1 ! ,type ( ! ,*ur* triumphant4 ,! ,virg9 cr[n$ by h] ,son4 ,examples f ! old ,mosaics4 ,examples ( ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 f v>i\s ,pa9t]s4 ,! ,,virg9 ,,( ,,m]cy1 z %e is repres5t$ 9 ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,! ,virg91 z ,disp5s] ( ,m]cy on ,e>?4 ,v>i\s ,examples4 ,! ,,mat] ,,dolorosa seat$ & /&+1 ) ! ,sev5 ,swords4 ,! ,/abat ,mat]1 ! ,ideal ,piet4 ,! ,votive ,pieta by ,guido4 ,,our ,,lady ,,( ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception ,orig9 ( ! ,subject4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,!ological ,dispute4 ,! ,fir/ ,papal ,decree t\*+ ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,! ,bull ( ,paul ,v4 ,! ,popul>ity ( ! ,subject 9 ,spa94 ,pictures by ,guido1 by ,roelas1 ,velasquez1 ,murillo4 ,! ,pr$e/9ation ( ! ,virg94 ,curi\s ,picture by ,cotignola4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,en?ron$4 ,virgo ,deip>a4 ,! ,virg9 9 h] ,mat]nal ,"*4 ,orig9 ( ! ,gr\p ( ! ,"m & ,*ild4 ,ne/orian ,controv]sy4 ,! ,en?ron$ ,virg9 9 ! old ,mosaics4 ,9 e>ly ,italian ,art ,! ,virg9 /&+ z ,reg9a ,coeli4 ,la ,madre ,pia en?ron$4 ,mat] ,sapi5ti ) ! ,book4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild en?ron$ ) att5dant ,figures2 ) ,angels2 ) ,prophets2 ) ,apo/les4 ,) ,sa9ts3 ,john ! ,bapti/2 ,/4 ,anna2 ,/4 ,joa*im2 ,/4 ,joseph4 ,) ,m>tyrs & ,patron ,sa9ts4 ,v>i\s ,examples ( ,arrangem5t4 ,) ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*2 ) ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,ca!r9e2 ) ! ,m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild betwe5 ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ,/4 ,b>b>a2 ) ,m>y ,magdal5e2 ) ,/4 ,lucia4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild betwe5 ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,ni*olas2 ) ,/4 ,*ri/oph]2 ) ,/4 ,leon>d4 ,! ,virg9 ( ,*>ity4 ,! ,madonnas ( ,flor5ce2 ( ,si5a2 ( ,v5ice & ,lomb>dy4 ,h[ att5d$4 ,! ,virg9 att5d$ by ! ,mona/ic ,sa9ts4 ,examples f v>i\s ,pa9t]s4 ,votive ,madonnas4 ,= ,m]cies accord$2 = ,victory2 = ,deliv]ance f ,pe/il5ce2 aga9/ ,flood & ,fire4 ,family ,votive ,madonnas1 ,examples4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,b5tivoglio ,family4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,s=za ,family4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,moy] ,family1 ,! ,madonna di ,foligno4 ,g]man ,votive ,madonna at ,r\54 ,madonna ( ,rn1 ,duke ( ,anj\2 ( ! ,pes>o ,family at ,v5ice4 ,half-l5g? ,en?ron$ ,madonnas2 fir/ introduc$ by ! ,v5etians4 ,v>i\s ,examples4 ,! ,,mat] ,,amabilis1 ,e>ly ,greek ,examples4 ,! inf9ite ,v>iety giv5 to ?is ,subject4 ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ,/4 ,john4 ,he takes ! ,cross ,! ,,madre ,,pia2 ! ,virg9 adores h] ,son4 ,pa/oral ,madonnas ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool4 ,conclusion ( ! ,devotional ,subjects4 ,,hi/orical ,,subjects4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,f ,,h] ,,bir? ,,to ,,h] ,,m>riage ,,) ,,joseph4 ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,joa*im ,,& ,,anna4 ,joa*im reject$ f ! ,temple4 ,joa*im h]d+ 8 ,%eep on ! ,m\nta94 ,! ,alt]cation betwe5 ,anna & h] ,maid ,judi?4 ,! ,meet+ at ! ,gold5 ,gate4 ,,! ,,nativity ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,! ,importance & ,beauty ( ! ,subject4 ,h[ treat$4 ,,! ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,a ,subject ( great ,importance4 ,g5]al ,arrangem5t & ,treatm5t4 ,v>i\s ,examples f celebrat$ ,pa9t]s4 ,! ,virg9 9 ! ,temple4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,! ,leg5d z foll[$ by ! ,pa9t]s4 ,v>i\s ,examples ( ! ,m>riage ( ! ,virg91 z treat$ by ,p]ug9o1 ,raphael1 & o!rs4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,,f ,,! ,,annunciation ,,to ,,! ,,return ,,f ,,egypt4 ,,! ,,annunciation1 ,its ,beauty z a ,subject4 ,treat$ z a ,my/]y & z an ,ev5t4 ,z a ,my/]y2 n e>li] ?an ! ,elev5? ,c5tury4 ,its prop] ,place 9 ar*itectural ,decoration4 ,on ,alt>-pieces4 ,z an ,allegory4 ,! ,annunciation z express+ ! ,inc>nation4 ,ideally treat$ ) ,sa9ts & ,vot>ies4 ,examples by ,simone ,memmi1 ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 ,angelico1 & o!rs4 ,! ,annunciation z an ,ev5t4 ,! appropriate ,circum/ances4 ,! ,"t1 ! ,locality1 ! ,accessories4 ,! ,desc5t ( ! ,angel2 prop] ,co/ume2 ) ! ,lily1 ! ,palm1 ! ,olive4 ,prop] ,attitude & ,occupation ( ,m>y2 ,expression & ,deportm5t4 ,! ,dove4 ,mi/akes4 ,examples f v>i\s ,pa9t]s4 ,,! ,,visitation4 ,"* ( ,elizabe?4 ,! ,locality & ,circum/ances4 ,prop] ,accessories4 ,examples f v>i\s ,pa9t]s4 ,,! ,,dream ,,( ,,joseph4 ,he entreats ,=giv5ess ( ,m>y4 ,,! ,,nativity4 ,! ,prophecy ( ! ,sibyl4 ,la ,madonna del ,p>to4 ,! ,nativity z a ,my/]y2 ) poetical ,accessories2 ) ,sa9ts & ,vot>ies4 ,! ,nativity z an ,ev5t4 ,! ,"t2 ! ,places2 ! prop] ,accessories & ,circum/ances2 ! angelic ,*ori/]s2 ,signification ( ! ,ox & ! ,ass4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi2 !y are suppos$ to h be5 ,k+s4 ,prophecy ( ,balaam4 ,! ,appe>ance ( ! ,/>4 ,! ,leg5d ( ! ?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne4 ,prop] ,accessories4 ,examples f v>i\s ,pa9t]s4 ,! ,l& ,surveyors1 by ,giorgione4 ,,! ,,purification ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,! ,prophecy ( ,simeon4 ,greek ,leg5d ( ! ,nunc ,dimittis4 ,v>i\s ,examples4 ,,! ,,flight ,,into ,,egypt4 ,! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts4 ,! ,prep>ation = ! ,j\rney4 ,! ,circum/ances4 ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,robb]s2 ( ! ,palm4 ,,! ,,repose ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,family4 ,! ,subject (t5 mi/ak54 ,prop] ,treatm5t ( ! ,gr\p4 ,! ,repose at ,mat>ea4 ,! ,m9i/ry ( ,angels4 ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,gypsy4 ,,! ,,return ,,f ,,egypt4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,f ,,! ,,soj\rn ,,9 ,,egypt ,,to ,,! ,,crucifixion ,,( ,,our ,,"l4 ,,! ,,holy ,,family4 ,prop] ,treatm5t ( ! ,dome/ic ,gr\p z di/+ui%$ f ! ,devotional4 ,! simple/ ,=m t ( ! ,"m & ,*ild4 ,! ,*ild f$ f 8 ,"m's ,bosom4 ,! ,infant sleeps4 ,holy ,family ( ?ree ,figures2 ) ! little ,/4 ,john2 ) ,/4 ,joseph2 ) ,/4 ,anna4 ,holy ,family ( f\r ,figures2 ) ,/4 ,elizabe? & o!rs4 ,! ,holy ,family ( ,five & ,six ,figures4 ,! ,family ( ! ,virg9 gr\p$ toge!r4 ,examples ( ,holy ,family z treat$ by v>i\s ,arti/s4 ,! ,c>p5t]'s ,%op4 ,! ,infant ,*ri/ le>n+ to read4 ,,! ,,dispute ,,9 ,,! ,,temple4 ,! ,virg9 seeks h] ,son4 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,joseph4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,at ,,cana4 ,prop] ,treatm5t ( ! ,virg9 9 ?is ,subject2 z treat$ by ,lu9i & by ,paul ,v]onese4 ,! ,virg9 att5ds on ! ,m9i/ry ( ,*ri/4 ,my/ical ,treatm5t by ,fra ,angelico4 ,,lo ,,spasimo4 ,*ri/ takes leave ( 8 ,"m4 ,wom5 :o are introduc$ into ,sc5es ( ! ,passion ( our ,"l4 ,! ,procession to ,calv>y1 ,lo ,spasimo di ,sicilia4 ,,! ,,crucifixion4 ,prop] ,treatm5t ( ! ,virg9 9 ?is ,subject4 ,! impropriety ( plac+ h] ^u ! gr\nd4 ,h] ,=titude4 ,*ri/ recomm5ds 8 ,"m to ,/4 ,john4 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,f ,,! ,,cross4 ,prop] ,place & ,action ( ! ,virg9 9 ?is ,subject4 ,,! ,,deposition4 ,prop] ,treatm5t ( ?is ,=m ( ! ,mat] ,dolorosa4 ,p]sons introduc$4 ,v>i\s ,examples4 ,,! ,,entombm5t4 ,treat$ z an hi/orical ,sc5e4 ,z "o ( ! ,sorr[s ( ! ,ros>y2 att5d$ by ,sa9ts4 ,! ,mat] ,dolorosa att5d$ by ,/4 ,pet]4 ,att5d$ by ,/4 ,john & ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,,f ,,! ,,resurrection ,,( ,,! ,,"l ,,to ,,! ,,assumption4 ,,! ,,app>ition ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,to ,,8 ,,"m4 ,beauty & ,s5tim5t ( ! old ,leg5d2 h[ repres5t$ by ! ,arti/s4 ,,! ,,asc5sion ,,( ,,our ,,"l4 ,! prop] ,place ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,gho/2 ,m>y be+ "o ( ! pr9cipal p]sons4 ,,! ,,apo/les ,,take ,,leave ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,,! ,,dea? ,,& ,,assumption ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,! old ,greek ,leg5d4 ,! ,angel ann\nces to ,m>y h] approa*+ ,dea?4 ,! ,dea? ( ! ,virg91 an anci5t & important ,subject4 ,z treat$ 9 ! ,greek ,s*ool2 9 e>ly ,g]man ,art2 9 ,italian ,art4 ,v>i\s ,examples4 ,! ,apo/les c>ry ! ,body ( ! ,virg9 to ! ,tomb4 ,! ,entombm5t4 ,,! ,,assumption4 ,di/9ction betwe5 ! ,assumption ( ! ,body & ! ,assumption ( ! ,s\l ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,assumption z a ,my/]y2 z an ,ev5t4 ,,la ,,madonna ,,bella ,,c9tola4 ,! ,leg5d ( ! ,girdle2 z pa9t$ 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,prato4 ,examples ( ! ,assumption z repres5t$ by v>i\s ,arti/s4 ,,! ,,coronation z di/+ui%$ f ! ,incoronata2 h[ treat$ z an hi/orical ,subject4 ,conclusion4 ,,note4 ,! decease ( ,mrs4 ,jameson1 ! accompli%$ woman & popul> writ]1 at an advanc$ p]iod ( life1 took place 9 ,m>*1 #ahfj1 aft] a brief illness4 ,b ! frame _h long be5 worn out by pa/ ye>s ( anxiety1 & ! fatigues ( labori\s lit]>y occupation consci5ti\sly und]tak5 & c>ri$ out4 ,hav+ ent]$ c]ta9 fields ( rese>* & ent]prise1 p]haps at fir/ accid5tally1 ,mrs4 ,jameson c\ld n satisfy h]self by any?+ less ?an ! utmo/ t m9ute collection & progressive /udy c\ld d to su/a9 h] popul>ity4 ,di/ant & exhau/+ j\rneys1 dilig5t exam9ation ( f>-scatt]$ examples ( ,art1 volum9\s & v>i\s read+1 became seem+ly m & m necess>y to h]2 & at ! v "t ( life :5 re/ & slack5$ ef=t w\ld h be5 natural1--n m]ely because h] lab\rs 7 9 aid ( o!rs1 b to satisfy h] own high s5se ( :at is dem&$ by ,art & ,lit]ature1--did h] h& & bra9 "w m & m p]sev]+ly & ?\ghtfully1 till at la/ %e sank "u h] we>9ess2 & pass$ away4 ,! fa!r ( ,miss ,murphy 0 a m9iature-pa9t] ( repute1 atta*$1 we believe1 to ! h\sehold ( ! ,pr9cess ,*>lotte4 ,8 daught] ,anna 0 naturally taught by him ! pr9ciples ( 8 own art2 b %e _h in/9cts = all1--ta/e = music1--a feel+ = poetry1--& a delicate appreciation ( ! drama4 ,^! gifts--9 h] y\? r>] 9 comb9ation ?an !y are n[ 7:5 ! connection ( ! arts is becom+ und]/ood1 & ! love ( all increas+ly diffus$7--71 dur+ "p ( ,mrs4 ,jameson's life1 turn$ to ! s]vice ( education4--,x 0 n till aft] h] m>riage1 t a =eign t\r l$ h] into au?or%ip1 by ! publication ( ,! ,di>y ( an ,ennuye1 some:]e ab\t ! ye> #ahbf4--;,x 0 impossible to avoid detect+ 9 t record ! pres5ce ( ta/e1 ?\ght1 & feel+1 br\ght 9 an orig9al fa%ion to be> on ,art1 ,society1 ,morals4--,! reception ( ! book 0 decisive4--,x 0 foll[$1 at int]vals1 by ,! ,loves ( ! ,poets1 ,memoirs ( ,italian ,pa9t]s1 ,! ,lives ( ,female ,sov]eigns1 ,*>act]i/ics ( ,wom5 7a s]ies ( ,%akspe>e /udies2 possibly its writ]'s mo/ popul> book74 ,aft] ?is1 ! ,g]manism s preval5t five-&-tw5ty ye>s ago1 & n[ some:at gone by1 possess$ itself ( ! au?oress1 & %e publi%$ h] rem9isc5ces ( ,muni*1 ! imitative art ( :i* 0 new1 & e/eem$ z almo/ a revelation4 ,to ! li/ ( ,mrs4 ,jameson's books may be add$ h] translation ( ! easy1 if n vigor\s ,dramas by ! ,pr9cess ,amelia ( ,saxony1 & h] ,w9t] ,/udies & ,summ] ,rambles--recollections ( a visit to ,canada4 ,?is includ$ ! acc\nt ( h] /range & solit>y canoe voyage1 & h] resid5ce among a tribe ( ,indians4 ,f ?is "t =w>d1 social que/ions--especially ^? conc]n+ ! position ( wom5 9 life & action--engross$ a l>ge %>e ( ,mrs4 ,jameson's att5tion2 & %e wrote on !m occasionally1 always 9 a l>ge & enlight5$ _s1 r>ely )\t t\*es ( delicacy & s5tim5t4--,ev5 :5 we are unable to accept all ,mrs4 ,jameson's conclusions1 or to jo9 h] 9 ! h]o or h]o9e wor%ip ( ?is or ! o!r fav\rite example1 we h seldom a compla9t to make ( ! mann] ( ! au?oress4 ,x 0 always e>ne/1 eloqu5t1 & poetical4 ,besides a volume or two ( collect$ essays1 ?\ghts1 notes on books1 & on subjects ( ,art1 we h left to m5tion ! elaborate volumes on ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1 z ! greate/ lit]>y lab\r ( a busy life4 ,mrs4 ,jameson 0 putt+ ! la/ f9i% to ! conclud+ portion ( h] "w1 :5 %e 0 bidd5 to cease =ev]4 ,!re is little m to be told1--save t1 9 ! c\rse ( h] indefatigable lit]>y c>e]1 ,mrs4 ,jameson drew r\nd h]self a l>ge circle ( /eady fri5ds--^! among ! highe/ illu/rators ( ,lit]ature & ,art 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 & ,italy2 & t1 latt]ly1 a p5sion f ,gov]nm5t 0 add$ to h] sl5d] e>n+s4 ,^!1 x may be said )\t indelicacy1 7 lib]ally apportion$ to ! aid ( o!rs1--,mrs4 ,jameson be+1 = h]self1 simple1 self-rely+1 & self-d5y+2--hold+ t high view ( ! duties belong+ to pursuits ( imag9ation :i* r5d]$ meanness1 or s]vility1 or di%on\rable deal+1 or lic5se gloss$ ov] ) "s conv5i5t "n1 impossible to h]4--,%e 0 a fai?ful fri5d1 a devot$ relative1 a gracefully-cultivat$1 & hone/ lit]>y work]1 ^: m9d 0 set on ! be/ & hon\rable/ ?+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s mon?s s9ce ,mrs4 ,jameson k9dly cons5t$ to prep>e = ?is edition ( h] writ+s ! ,leg5ds ( ! ,madonna1 ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1 & ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s2 b1 dy+ be=e %e _h "t to fulfil h] promise1 ! arrangem5t has be5 intru/$ to o!r h&s4 ,! text ( ?is :ole s]ies w be an exact repr9t ( ! la/ ,engli% ,edition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! portrait annex$ to ?is volume is f a photograph tak5 9 ,london only a %ort "t be=e ,mrs4 ,jameson's dea?4 ,,bo/on1 ,septemb]1 #ahfj4 ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,9 pres5t+ to my fri5ds & to ! public ?is ,s]ies ( ! ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1 few prep>atory words w be requir$4 ,if 9 ! =m] volumes ,i felt diffid5t ( my own p[]s to d any ju/ice to my subject1 ,i h yet be5 enc\rag$ by ! sympa?y & approbation ( ^? :o nave k9dly accept$ ( :at has be5 done1 & yet m k9dly excus$ defici5cies1 errors1 & ov]sights1 :i* ! wide range ( subjects r5d]$ almo/ unavoidable4 ,) f> m ( d\bt & diffid5ce1 yet n less tru/ 9 ! b5evol5ce & c&\r ( my critics1 d ,i pres5t ?is volume to ! public4 ,i hope x w be di/9ctly und]/ood1 t ! g5]al plan ( ! "w is m]ely arti/ic2 t x really aims at no?+ m ?an to r5d] ! v>i\s subjects intelligible4 ,= ?is reason x has be5 ?\ght advisable to set aside1 9 a great measure1 individual pref]5ces1 & all pr$ilections = p>ticul> s*ools & p>ticul> p]iods ( ,art1--to take1 9 %ort1 ! wide/ possible range z reg>ds examples1--& !n to leave ! read]1 :5 ?us guid$ to ! mean+ ( :at he sees1 to select1 comp>e1 admire1 accord+ to 8 own discrim9ation1 ta/e1 & requirem5ts4 ,! great difficulty has be5 to keep )9 reasonable limits4 ,?\gh ! subject has a unity n f\nd 9 ! o!r volumes1 x is really b\ndless z reg>ds v>iety & complexity4 ,i may h be5 sup]ficial f m]e sup]abundance ( mat]ials2 sometimes mi/ak5 z to facts & dates2 ! ta/es1 ! feel+s1 & ! fai? ( my read]s may n always g along ) me2 b if att5tion & int]e/ h be5 exit$--if ! sph]e ( enjoym5t 9 works ( ,art h be5 enl>g$ & enlight5$1 ,i h done all ,i ev] wi%$--all ,i ev] hop$1 to d4 ,) reg>d to a po9t ( inf9itely great] importance1 ,i may be all[$ to plead1--t x has be5 impossible to treat ( ! repres5tations ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 )\t t\*+ on doctr9es su* z con/itute ! pr9cipal diff]5ces betwe5 ! cre$s ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,i h _h to asc5d mo/ p]il\s heights1 to dive into t]ribly obscure dep?s4 ,n = worlds w\ld ,i be guilty ( a sc(f+ allusion to any belief or any object held sacr$ by s9c]e & e>ne/ he>ts2 b nei!r has x be5 possible = me to write 9 a tone ( acquiesc5ce1 :]e ,i altoge!r diff] 9 feel+ & op9ion4 ,on ?is po9t ,i %all ne$1 & feel sure t ,i %all obta91 ! g5]\s con/ruction ( read]s ( all p]suasions4 ,,introduction ,i4 ,,orig9 ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,effigies ,,( ,,! ,,madonna4 ,?r\gh all ! mo/ beautiful & preci\s productions ( human g5ius & human skill :i* ! middle ages & ! r5aissance h bequea!d to u1 we trace1 m or less develop$1 m or less app>5t1 pres5t 9 %ape be=e u1 or sugge/$ ?r\gh inevitable associations1 "o prevail+ idea3 x is t ( an imp]sonation 9 ! fem99e "* ( b5efic5ce1 purity1 & p[]1 /&+ betwe5 an (f5d$ ,deity & poor1 s9n+1 suff]+ humanity1 & clo!d 9 ! visible =m ( ,m>y1 ! ,"m ( our ,"l4 ,to ! ,roman ,ca?olics ?is idea rema9s an indisputable religi\s tru? ( ! highe/ import4 ,^? ( a diff]5t cre$ may ?9k fit to dispose ( ! :ole subject ( ! ,madonna ei!r z a =m ( sup]/ition or a =m ( ,art4 ,b m]ely z a =m ( ,art1 we _c 9 ^! days conf9e ourselves to empty conv5tional criticism4 ,we are oblig$ to look fur!r & deep]2 & 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ,leg5d>y ,art1 z 9 ! o!rs1 we mu/ take ! high] gr\nd1 p]il\s ?\gh x be4 ,we mu/ seek to compreh5d ! dom9ant idea ly+ beh9d & beyond ! m]e repres5tation4 ,=1 aft] all1 "s consid]ation is due to facts :i* we mu/ necess>ily accept1 :e!r we deal ) antiqu>ian !ology or arti/ic criticism2 namely1 t ! wor%ip ( ! ,madonna did prevail ?r\gh all ! ,*ri/ian & civiliz$ _w = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s2 t1 9 spite ( errors1 exagg]ations1 abuses1 ?is wor%ip did compreh5d c]ta9 great elem5tal tru?s int]wov5 ) our human nature1 & to be evolv$ p]haps ) our future de/9ies4 ,!re=e did x "w itself into ! life & s\l ( man2 !re=e has x be5 work$ out 9 ! manife/ations ( 8 g5ius2 & !re=e ! multi=m imag]y 9 :i* x has be5 clo!d1 f ! rude/ imitations ( life1 to ! mo/ exquisite creations ( m9d1 may be resolv$1 z a :ole1 into "o subject1 & become "o great monum5t 9 ! hi/ory ( progressive ?\ght & fai?1 z well z 9 ! hi/ory ( progressive art4 ,( ! pictures 9 our gall]ies1 public or private1--( ! ar*itectural adornm5ts ( ^? maje/ic edifices :i* sprung up 9 ! middle ages 7:]e !y h n be5 despoil$ or desecrat$ by a zeal z f]v5t z t :i* re>$ !m71 ! l>ge/ & mo/ beautiful portion h ref]5ce to ! ,madonna1--h] "*1 h] p]son1 h] hi/ory4 ,x 0 a !me :i* nev] tir$ h] vot>ies1--:e!r1 z 9 ! h&s ( great & s9c]e arti/s1 x became "o ( ! noble/ & lovelie/1 or1 z 9 ! h&s ( sup]ficial1 unbeliev+1 "t-s]v+ arti/s1 "o ( ! mo/ degrad$4 ,all t human g5ius1 inspir$ by fai?1 c\ld a*ieve ( be/1 all t fanaticism1 s5sualism1 a!ism1 c\ld p]petrate ( wor/1 d we f9d 9 ! cycle ( ^? repres5tations :i* h be5 d$icat$ to ! glory ( ! ,virg94 ,& inde$ ! e?ics ( ! ,madonna wor%ip1 z evolv$ 9 art1 might be n unaptly lik5$ to ! e?ics ( human love3 s long z ! object ( s5se rema9$ 9 subjection to ! moral idea--s long z ! appeal 0 to ! be/ ( our faculties & affections--s long 0 ! image gr& or ref9$1 & ! influ5ces to be rank$ ) ^? :i* h help$ to humanize & civilize our race2 b s soon z ! object became a m]e idol1 !n wor%ip & wor%ipp]s1 art & arti/s1 7 toge!r degrad$4 ,x is n my int5tion to ent] "h on t disput$ po9t1 ! orig9 ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,madonna4 ,our pres5t !me lies )9 prescrib$ limits1--wide en\gh1 h[ev]1 to embrace an imm5se field ( ?\ght3 x seeks to trace ! progressive influ5ce ( t wor%ip on ! f9e arts = a ?\s& ye>s or m1 & to int]pret ! =ms 9 :i* x has be5 clo!d4 ,t ! v5]ation paid to ,m>y 9 ! e>ly ,*ur* 0 a v natural feel+ 9 ^? :o advocat$ ! div9ity ( h] ,son1 w\ld be grant$1 ,i suppose1 by all b ! mo/ bigot$ re=m]s2 t x l$ to unwise & wild extremes1 conf\nd+ ! creature ) ! ,creator1 w\ld be admitt$1 ,i suppose1 by all b ! mo/ bigot$ ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,h[ x ext5d$ f ! ,ea/ ov] ! nations ( ! ,we/1 h[ x grew & spread1 may be read 9 ecclesia/ical hi/ories4 ,ev]y:]e x seems to h f\nd 9 ! human he>t "s deep sympa?y--deep] f> ?an m]e !ological doctr9e c\ld rea*--ready to accept x2 & 9 e l& ! gr\nd prep>$ = x 9 "s already dom9ant idea ( a "m-,goddess1 *a/e1 beautiful1 & b5ign4 ,z1 9 ! olde/ ,hebrew rites & ,pagan sup]/itions1 m5 trac$ ! promise ( a com+ ,messiah1--z ! deliv]]s & k+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ev5 ! demigods ( hea!ndom1 became accept$ types ( ! p]son ( ,*ri/1--s ! ,eve ( ! ,mosaic hi/ory1 ! ,a/>te ( ! ,assyrians-- ,! moon$ ,a%t>o?1 que5 & "m bo?1-- ! ,isis nurs+ ,horus ( ! ,egyptians1 ! ,demet] & ! ,aphrodite ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,scy?ian ,freya1 h be5 consid]$ by "s writ]s z types ( a div9e mat]nity1 =e%ad[+ ! ,virg9-"m ( ,*ri/4 ,o!rs w h x t ^! scatt]$1 dim1 mi/ak5--(t5 gross & p]v]t$--ideas :i* 7 aft]w>ds ga!r$ into ! pure1 dignifi$1 t5d] image ( ! ,madonna1 7 b z ! voice ( a mighty prophecy1 s\nd$ ?r\gh all ! g5]ations ( m51 ev5 f ! beg9n+ ( "t1 ( ! com+ moral reg5]ation1 & complete & h>moni\s developm5t ( ! :ole human race1 by ! e/abli%m5t1 on a high] basis1 ( :at has be5 call$ ! fem99e elem5t 9 society4 ,& let me at lea/ speak = myself4 ,9 ! p]petual it]ation ( t beautiful image ( ,,! ,,woman highly bless$--!re1 :]e o!rs saw only pictures or /atues1 ,i h se5 ?is great hope /&+ l a _s beside ! visible =m2 9 ! f]v5t wor%ip once univ]sally giv5 to t graci\s pres5ce1 ,i h beheld an ackn[l$gm5t ( a high] z well z g5tl] p[] ?an t ( ! /rong h& & ! might t makes ! "r1--& 9 e e>ne/ vot>y "o :o1 z he knelt1 0 9 ?is s5se pi\s beyond ! rea* ( 8 own ?\ght1 & dev\t beyond ! mean+ ( 8 w4 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve1 z ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg9-"m exp&$ & ga!r$ to itself ! relics ( _m an anci5t fai?1 h[ ! new & ! old elem5ts1 "s ( !m app>5tly ! mo/ het]og5e\s1 became amalgamat$1 & 7 comb9$ into ! e>ly =ms ( art2--h[ ! ,madonna1 :5 %e assum$ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! great ,diana ( ,ephesus1 at once ! type ( ,f]tility1 & ! ,goddess ( ,*a/ity1 became1 z ! imp]sonation ( mo!rhood1 all beauty1 b\nty & graci\sness2 & at ! same "t1 by virtue ( h] p]petual virg9ity1 ! patroness ( s+le & ascetic life--! example & ! excuse = _m ( ! wilde/ ( ! e>ly monki% !ories4 ,) ,*ri/ianity1 new ideas ( ! moral & religi\s responsibility ( woman ent]$ ! _w2 & :ile ^! ideas 7 yet /ruggl+ ) ! ,hebrew & classical prejudices conc]n+ ! :ole sex1 !y seem to h produc$ "s curi\s p]plexity 9 ! m9ds ( ! greate/ doctors ( ! fai?4 ,*ri/1 z !y assure u1 0 born ( a woman only1 & _h no e>?ly fa!r1 t nei!r sex might despair2 = _h he be5 born a man 7:i* 0 necess>y71 yet n born ( woman1 ! wom5 might h despair$ ( !mselves1 recollect+ ! fir/ (f5ce1 ! fir/ man hav+ be5 deceiv$ by a woman4 ,!re=e we are to suppose t1 = ! exaltation ( ! male sex1 ,*ri/ appe>$ on e>? z a man2 &1 = ! consolation ( womank9d1 he 0 born ( a woman only2 z if x _h be5 said1 ',f h5ce=? no creature %all be base be=e ,god1 unless p]v]t$ by depravity4' 7,augu/9e1 ,op]a ,supt4 #bch1 ,s]m4 #fc47 ,su* is ! reason+ ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o1 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 _h an especial v5]ation = 8 "m ,monica2 & x is p]haps = h] sake t he seems "h desir\s to prove t ?r\gh ! ,virg9 ,m>y all womank9d 7 h5ce=? elevat$ 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,& ?is 0 ! idea ent]ta9$ ( h] subsequ5tly3 ,ennobl] ( ?y nature6 says ,dante apo/rophiz+ h]1 z if h] p]fections _h ennobl$ n m]ely h] own sex1 b ! :ole human race4#a ,footnote #a3 ,tu se' colei *e l'umana natura ,nobilita/i4 ,b also ) ,*ri/ianity came ! want ( a new type ( womanly p]fection1 comb9+ all ! attributes ( ! anci5t female div9ities ) o!rs altoge!r new4 ,*ri/1 z ! model-man1 unit$ ! virtues ( ! two sexes1 till ! idea t !re are ess5tially mascul9e & fem99e virtues intrud$ itself on ! high] ,*ri/ian conception1 & seems to h necessitat$ ! female type4 ,! fir/ hi/orical m5tion ( a direct wor%ip paid to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 occurs 9 a passage 9 ! works ( ,/4 ,epiphanius1 :o di$ 9 #djc4 ,9 enum]at+ ! h]esies 7eighty-f\r 9 numb]7 :i* _h sprung up 9 ! e>ly ,*ur*1 he m5tions a sect ( wom51 :o _h emigrat$ f ,?race into ,arabia1 ) :om x 0 cu/om>y to (f] cakes ( meal & honey to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 z if %e _h be5 a div9ity1 transf]r+ to h]1 9 fact1 ! wor%ip paid to ,c]es4 ,! v fir/ in/ance :i* occurs 9 writt5 hi/ory ( an invocation to ,m>y1 is 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,ju/9a1 z relat$ by ,gregory ,nazianz54 ,ju/9a calls on ! ,virg9-"m to protect h] aga9/ ! s$uc] & sorc]]1 ,cyprian2 & does n call 9 va94 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 ,^! passages1 h[ev]1 d n prove t previ\sly to ! f\r? c5tury !re _h be5 no wor%ip or invocation ( ! ,virg91 b r ! contr>y4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is to ! same p]iod--! f\r? c5tury--we ref] ! mo/ anci5t repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 9 art4 ,! e>lie/ figures extant are ^? on ! ,*ri/ian s>cophagi2 b nei!r 9 ! e>ly sculpture nor 9 ! mosaics ( ,/4 ,m>ia ,maggiore d we f9d any figure ( ! ,virg9 /&+ alone2 %e =ms "p ( a gr\p ( ! ,nativity or ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,!re is no attempt at individuality or portraiture4 ,/4 ,augu/9e says expressly1 t !re exi/$ 9 8 "t no au!ntic portrait ( ! ,virg92 b x is inf]r$ f 8 acc\nt t1 au!ntic or n1 su* pictures did !n exi/1 s9ce !re 7 already disputes conc]n+ _! au!nticity4 ,!re 7 at ?is p]iod receiv$ symbols ( ! p]son & "* ( ,*ri/1 z ! lamb1 ! v9e1 ! fi%1 c41 b n1 z f> z ,i c le>n1 any su* accept$ symbols ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,fur!r1 x is ! op9ion ( ! le>n$ 9 ecclesia/ical antiquities t1 previ\s to ! fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 x 0 ! cu/om to repres5t ! figure ( ! ,virg9 alone )\t ! ,*ild2 b t none ( ^! orig9al effigies rema9 to u1 only suppos$ copies ( a lat] date4#a ,& ?is is all ,i h be5 able to discov] relative to h] 9 connection ) ! sacr$ imag]y ( ! fir/ f\r c5turies ( our era4 ,footnote #a3 ,vide ,memorie dell' ,immag9e di ,m4,v4 dell' ,imprunela4 ,flor5ce1 #agad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! condemnation ( ,ne/orius by ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 9 ! ye> #dca1 =ms a mo/ important epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( religi\s art4 ,i h giv5 fur!r on a sket* ( ?is celebrat$ s*ism1 & its imm$iate & progressive results4 ,x may be ?us summ$ up "h4 ,! ,ne/orians ma9ta9$1 t 9 ,*ri/ ! two natures ( ,god & man rema9$ sep>ate1 & t ,m>y1 8 human "m1 0 p>5t ( ! man1 b n ( ! ,god2 consequ5tly ! title :i*1 dur+ ! previ\s c5tury1 _h be5 popul>ly appli$ to h]1 ,!otokos 7,"m ( ,god71 0 improp] & pr(ane4 ,! p>ty oppos$ to ,ne/orius1 ! ,monophysite1 ma9ta9$ t 9 ,*ri/ ! div9e & human 7 bl5d$ 9 "o inc>nate nature1 & t consequ5tly ,m>y 0 inde$ ! ,"m ( ,god4 ,by ! decree ( ! fir/ ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 ,ne/orius & 8 p>ty 7 condemn$ z h]etics2 & h5ce=? ! repres5tation ( t beautiful gr\p1 s9ce popul>ly kn[n z ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 became ! expression ( ! or?odox fai?4 ,e "o :o wi%$ to prove 8 hatr$ ( ! ar*-h]etic exhibit$ ! image ( ! mat]nal ,virg9 hold+ 9 h] arms ! ,infant ,godhead1 ei!r 9 8 h\se z a picture1 or embroid]$ on 8 g>m5ts1 or on 8 furniture1 on 8 p]sonal ornam5ts--9 %ort1 :]ev] x c\ld be introduc$4 ,x is wor? rem>k+1 t ,cyril1 :o 0 s influ5tial 9 fix+ ! or?odox gr\p1 _h pass$ ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 ,egypt1 & mu/ nave be5 famili> ) ! ,egyptian type ( ,isis nurs+ ,horus4 ,nor1 z ,i conceive1 is !re any irrev]5ce 9 suppos+ t a "t-hon\r$ intelligible symbol %\ld be *os5 to embody & =malize a cre$4 ,= x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! gr\p ( ! ,"m & ,*ild 0 n at fir/ a repres5tation1 b m]ely a !ological symbol set up 9 ! or?odox *ur*es1 & adopt$ by ! or?odox ,*ri/ians4 ,x is j aft] ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus t hi/ory fir/ makes m5tion ( a suppos$ au!ntic portrait ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! ,empress ,eudocia1 :5 travell+ 9 ! ,holy ,l&1 s5t home su* a picture ( ! ,virg9 hold+ ! ,*ild to h] si/]-9-law ,pul*]ia1 :o plac$ x 9 a *ur* at ,con/ant9ople4 ,x 0 at t "t reg>d$1 z ( v high antiquity1 & suppos$ to h be5 pa9t$ f ! life4 ,x is c]ta9 t a picture1 traditionally said to be ! same :i* ,eudocia _h s5t to ,pul*]ia1 did exi/ at ,con/ant9ople1 & 0 s mu* v5]at$ by ! p z to be reg>d$ z a sort ( palladium1 & borne 9 a sup]b litt] or c> 9 ! mid/ ( ! imp]ial ho/1 :5 ! emp]or l$ ! army 9 p]son4 ,! fate ( ?is relic is n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,x is said to h be5 tak5 by ! ,turks 9 #adec1 & dragg$ ?r\gh ! mire2 b o!rs d5y ?is z utt]ly d]ogatory to ! maje/y ( ! ,que5 ( ,heav51 :o nev] w\ld h suff]$ su* an indignity to h be5 put on h] sacr$ image4 ,accord+ to ! ,v5etian leg5d1 x 0 ?is id5tical effigy :i* 0 tak5 by ! bl9d old ,d&olo1 :5 he besieg$ & took ,con/ant9ople 9 #abjd1 & br\ght 9 triumph to ,v5ice1 :]e x has ev] s9ce be5 pres]v$ 9 ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>k1 & held 9 somma v5]azione4 ,no m5tion is made ( ,/4 ,luke 9 ! e>lie/ acc\nt ( ?is picture1 ?\gh l all ! antique effigies ( unc]ta9 orig91 x 0 9 aft] times attribut$ to him4 ,! hi/ory ( ! next ?ree hundr$ ye>s te/ifies to ! triumph ( or?odoxy1 ! ext5sion & popul>ity ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg91 & ! consequ5t multiplication ( h] image 9 e =m & mat]ial1 ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,!n foll[$ ! s*ism ( ! ,iconocla/s1 :i* di/ract$ ! ,*ur* = m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s1 "u ,leo ,,iii41 ! ,isaurian1 & 8 imm$iate successors4 ,su* 7 ! extravagances ( sup]/ition to :i* ! image-wor%ip _h l$ ! excitable ,ori5tals1 t1 if ,leo _h be5 a wise & temp]ate re=m]1 he might h done mu* good 9 *eck+ its excesses2 b he 0 himself an ignorant1 m]ciless b>b>ian4 ,! p]secution by :i* he s\ght to ext]m9ate ! sacr$ pictures ( ! ,madonna1 & ! cruelties ex]cis$ on h] unhappy vot>ies1 produc$ a g5]al de/ruction ( ! mo/ curi\s & preci\s rema9s ( antique art4 ,9 o!r respects1 ! imm$iate result 0 naturally en\gh a reaction1 :i* n only re9/at$ pictures 9 ! v5]ation ( ! p1 b greatly increas$ _! influ5ce ov] ! imag9ation2 = x is at ?is "t t we fir/ he> ( a miracul\s picture4 ,among ^? :o mo/ /rongly def5d$ ! use ( sacr$ images 9 ! *ur*es1 0 ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e1 "o ( ! great lights ( ! ,ori5tal ,*ur*4 ,accord+ to ! ,greek leg5d1 he 0 condemn$ to lose 8 "r h&1 :i* 0 accord+ly cut (f2 b he1 full ( fai?1 pro/rat+ himself be=e a picture ( ! ,virg91 /ret*$ out ! ble$+ /ump1 & ) x t\*$ h] lips1 & imm$iately a new h& sprung =? l a bran* f a tree4 ,h5ce1 among ! ,greek effigies ( ! ,virg91 !re is "o peculi>ly commemorative ( ?is miracle1 /yl$ ! ,virg9 ) ?ree h&s4 7,didron1 ,manuel1 p4 #dfb47 ,9 ! we/ ( ,europe1 :]e ! abuses ( ! image-wor%ip _h nev] yet rea*$ ! wild sup]/ition ( ! ,ori5tal ,*ri/ians1 ! fury ( ! ,iconocla/s excit$ horror & con/]nation4 ,! temp]ate & eloqu5t apology = sacr$ pictures1 address$ by ,gregory ,,ii4 to ! ,emp]or ,leo1 _h ! effect ( mitigat+ ! p]secution 9 ,italy1 :]e ! "w ( de/ruction c\ld n be c>ri$ out to ! same ext5t z 9 ! ,byzant9e prov9ces4 ,h5ce x is 9 ,italy only t any important rema9s ( sacr$ art ant]ior to ! ,iconocla/ dyna/y h be5 pres]v$4#a ,footnote #a3 ,x appe>s1 f "o ( ^! lett]s f ,gregory ,,ii1 t x 0 ! cu/om at t "t 7#gbe7 to employ religi\s pictures z a means ( in/ruction 9 ! s*ools4 ,he says1 t if ,lee 7 to ent] a s*ool 9 ,italy1 & to say t he prohibit$ pictures1 ! *ildr5 w\ld infallibly ?r[ _! hornbooks 7,ta volexxe del alfabeto7 at 8 head4--v4 ,bosio1 p4 #efg4 ,! second ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 "u ! ,empress ,ir5e 9 #ghg1 condemn$ ! ,iconocla/s1 & re/or$ ! use ( ! sacr$ pictures 9 ! *ur*es4 ,nev]!less1 ! controv]sy /ill rag$ till aft] ! dea? ( ,!ophilus1 ! la/ & ! mo/ cruel ( ! ,iconocla/s1 9 #hdb4 ,8 wid[ ,!odora a*iev$ ! f9al triumph ( ! or?odox p>ty1 & re/or$ ! ,virg9 to h] ?rone4 ,we mu/ obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t only pictures 7 all[$2 all sculptur$ imag]y 0 /ill prohibit$1 & has nev] s9ce be5 all[$ 9 ! ,greek ,*ur*1 except 9 v l[ relief4 ,! flatt] ! surface1 ! m or?odox4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 ab\t #hhf1 t we fir/ f9d ! effigy ( ! ,virg9 on ! co9s ( ! ,greek empire4 ,on a gold co9 ( ,leo ,,vi41 ! ,philosoph]1 %e /&s veil$1 & drap$1 ) a noble head1 no glory1 & ! arms outspread1 j z %e appe>s 9 ! old mosaics4 ,on a co9 ( ,romanus ! ,y\ng]1 %e cr[ns ! emp]or1 hav+ h]self ! nimbus2 %e is drap$ & veil$4 ,on a co9 ( ,nicephorus ,phocus 7:o _h great pret5sions to piety71 ! ,virg9 /&s1 pres5t+ a cross to ! emp]or1 ) ! inscription1 ,!otokos1 be propiti\s4 ,on a gold co9 ( ,john ,zimisces1 #ige1 we fir/ f9d ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1--! symbol m]ely3 %e holds aga9/ h] bosom a circul> glory1 )9 :i* is ! head ( ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,9 ! successive reigns ( ! next two c5turies1 %e almo/ con/antly appe>s z cr[n+ ! emp]or4 ,return+ to ! ,we/1 we f9d t 9 ! succe$+ p]iod1 f ,*>lemagne to ! fir/ crusade1 ! popul> devotion to ! ,virg91 & ! multiplication ( sacr$ pictures1 cont9u$ /eadily to increase2 yet 9 ! t5? & elev5? c5turies art 0 at its l[e/ ebb4 ,at ?is "t1 ! subjects relative to ! ,virg9 7 pr9cipally ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 repres5t$ accord+ to ! ,greek =m2 & ^? sc5es f ! ,gospel 9 :i* %e is introduc$1 z ! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 & ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,magi4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! t5? c5tury ! cu/om ( add+ ! angelic salutation1 ! ,ave ,m>ia1 to ! ,"l's pray]1 0 fir/ introduc$2 & by ! end ( ! foll[+ c5tury1 x _h be5 adopt$ 9 ! (fices ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?is 01 at fir/1 int5d$ z a p]petual rem9d] ( ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 z ann\nc$ by ! angel4 ,x mu/ h _h ! effect ( keep+ ! idea ( ,m>y z unit$ ) t ( h] ,son1 & z ! in/rum5t ( ! ,inc>nation1 cont9ually 9 ! m9ds ( ! p4 ,! pilgrimages to ! ,holy ,l&1 & ! crusades 9 ! elev5? & ! twelf? c5turies1 _h a mo/ /rik+ effect on religi\s art1 ?\gh ?is effect 0 n fully evolv$ till a c5tury lat]4 ,m p>ticul>ly did ?is return+ wave ( ,ori5tal influ5ces modify ! repres5tations ( ! ,virg94 ,fragm5ts ( ! apocryphal gospels & leg5ds ( ,pale/9e & ,egypt 7 n[ introduc$1 work$ up into ballads1 /ories1 & dramas1 & gradually incorporat$ ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,a great v>iety ( subjects d]iv$ f ! ,greek arti/s1 & f p>ticul> localities & traditions ( ! ,ea/1 became naturaliz$ 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 ,among ^! 7 ! leg5ds ( ,joa*im & ,anna2 & ! dea?1 ! assumption1 & ! coronation ( ! ,virg94 ,!n came ! ?irte5? c5tury1 an era notable 9 ! hi/ory ( m9d1 m especially notable 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,! se$ scatt]$ hi!r & ?i!r1 dur+ ! /ormy & w>like p]iod ( ! crusades1 n[ sprung up & fl\ri%$1 be>+ div]se fruit4 ,a m contemplative en?usiasm1 a sup]/ition t+$ ) a morbid melan*oly1 f]m5t$ into life & =m4 ,9 t g5]al fit ( compunction1 :i* we are told seiz$ all ,italy at ?is "t1 ! passionate devotion = ! b5ign ,madonna m+l$ ! poetry ( pity ) t ( pa92 & assur$ly ?is /ate ( feel+1 ) its m5tal & moral requirem5ts1 mu/ h assi/$ 9 emancipat+ art f ! rigid =malism ( ! deg5]ate ,greek s*ool4 ,m5's he>ts1 ?robb+ ) a m feel+1 m p5sive life1 dem&$ some?+ m l life1--& produc$ x4 ,x is curi\s to trace 9 ! ,madonnas ( contempor>y1 b f> di/ant & unconnect$ s*ools ( pa9t+1 ! simultane\s dawn+ ( a sympa!tic s5tim5t--= ! fir/ "t some?+ 9 ! faces ( ! div9e be+s responsive to ! feel+ ( ! wor%ipp]s4 ,x 0 ?is1 p]haps1 :i* caus$ ! en?usiasm excit$ by ,cimabue's great ,madonna1 & made ! p %\t & dance = joy :5 x 0 uncov]$ be=e !m4 ,comp>$ ) ! spectral rigidity1 ! h>d monotony1 ( ! conv5tional ,byzant9es1 ! m animat$ eyes1 ! little t\* ( sweetness 9 ! /ill1 mild face1 mu/ h be5 l a smile out ( heav54 ,z we trace ! same s(t] influ5ce 9 ! e>lie/ ,si5a & ,cologne pictures ( ab\t ! same p]iod1 we may fairly reg>d x z an impress ( ! _s ( ! "t1 r ?an t ( an individual m9d4 ,9 ! succe$+ c5tury ^! elem5ts ( poetic art1 exp&$ & animat$ by an awak5$ obs]vation ( nature1 & a sympa?y ) h] ext]nal manife/ations1 7 mo/ especially direct$ by ! increas+ influ5ce ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg91 a wor%ip at once religi\s & *ivalr\s4 ,! title ( ,our ,lady#a came fir/ into g5]al use 9 ! days ( *ivalry1 = %e 0 ! lady ( all he>ts1 ^: col\rs all 7 pr\d to we>4 ,nev] _h h] vot>ies s ab\nd$4 ,hundr$s ^u hundr$s _h enroll$ !mselves 9 bro!rhoods1 v[$ to h] especial s]vice2#b or devot$ to acts ( *>ity1 to be p]=m$ 9 h] "n4#c ,already ! great religi\s communities1 :i* at ?is "t compreh5d$ all ! en?usiasm1 le>n+1 & influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 _h plac$ !mselves solemnly & especially "u h] protection4 ,! ,ci/]cians wore :ite 9 hon\r ( h] purity2 ! ,s]vi wore black 9 respect to h] sorr[s2 ! ,franciscans _h enroll$ !mselves z *ampions ( ! ,immaculate ,conception2 & ! ,dom9icans introduc$ ! ros>y4 ,all ^! ri*ly end[$ communities vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 multiply+ *ur*es1 *apels1 & pictures1 9 hon\r ( _! patroness1 & expressive ( h] sev]al attributes4 ,! dev\t pa9t]1 kneel+ be=e 8 easel1 address$ himself to ! task ( portray+ ^? heav5ly l9eam5ts :i* _h visit$ him p]haps 9 dreams4 ,_m ( ! pr(ess$ monks & fri>s became !mselves accompli%$ arti/s4#d ,footnote #a3 ,fr4 ,notre ,dame4 ,ital4 ,la ,madonna4 ,g]4 ,uns] liebe ,frau4 ,footnote #b3 ,z ! ,s]viti1 :o 7 call$ 9 ,france1 les esclaves de ,m>ie4 ,footnote #c3 ,z ! ord] ( ,our ,lady ( ,m]cy1 = ! deliv]ance ( captives4--,vide ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s4 ,footnote #d3 ,a v curi\s & />tl+ example ( ! !ological "* ( ! ,virg9 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury is figur$ 9 ,miss ,tw9+'s "w1 ,! ,symbols ( e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art2 c]ta9ly ! mo/ complete & useful book ( ! k9d :i* ,i "k (4 ,"h ! ,madonna & ,*ild are seat$ side by side ) ! ,tr9ity2 ! ,holy ,_s re/+ on h] cr[n$ head4 ,at ?is "t1 ,jacopo di ,vorag9e compil$ ! ,gold5 ,leg5d1 a collection ( sacr$ /ories1 "s already curr5t1 "s new1 or 9 a new =m4 ,?is fam\s book add$ _m !mes to ^? already admitt$1 & became ! au?ority & /oreh\se = ! e>ly pa9t]s 9 _! gr\ps & dramatic compositions4 ,! increas+ en?usiasm = ! ,virg9 naturally caus$ an increas+ dem& = ! subjects tak5 f h] p]sonal hi/ory1 & l$1 consequ5tly1 to a m exact /udy ( ^? natural objects & effects :i* 7 requir$ z accessories1 to great] skill 9 gr\p+ ! figures1 & to a high] developm5t ( hi/oric art4 ,b ( all ! influ5ces on ,italian art 9 t wond]ful f\rte5? c5tury1 ,dante 0 ! greate/4 ,he 0 ! intimate fri5d ( ,giotto4 ,?r\gh ! communion ( m9d1 n less ?an ?r\gh 8 writ+s1 he infus$ into religi\s art t m+l$ !ology1 poetry1 & my/icism1 :i* rul$ 9 ! ,giottesque s*ool dur+ ! foll[+ c5tury1 & w5t h& 9 h& ) ! developm5t ( ! p[] & practice ( imitation4 ,n[1 ! !ology ( ,dante 0 ! !ology ( 8 age4 ,8 ideas respect+ ! ,virg9 ,m>y 7 precisely ^? to :i* ! writ+s ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,bonav5tura1 & ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as _h already l5t all ! p]suasive p[] ( eloqu5ce1 & ! ,*ur* all ! weight ( h] au?ority4 ,dante r5d]$ ^! doctr9es into poetry1 & ,giotto & 8 foll[]s r5d]$ !m into =m4 ,9 ! ,p>adise ( ,dante1 ! glorification ( ,m>y1 z ! ,my/ic ,rose 7,roxa ,my/ica7 & ,que5 ( ,heav51--) ! att5dant angels1 circle )9 circle1 float+ r\nd h] 9 adoration1 & s++ ! ,reg9a ,coeli1 & sa9ts & patri>*s /ret*+ =? _! h&s t[>ds h]1--is all a spl5did1 b /ill indef9ite vision ( dazzl+ light cross$ by %ad[y =ms4 ,! pa9t]s ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 translat+ ^! glories into a def9ite %ape1 _h to deal ) imp]fect k & imp]fect means2 !y fail$ 9 ! p[] to realize ei!r _! own or ! poet's conception2 & yet--?anks to ! div9e poet6--t e>ly conception ( "s ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ,madonna subjects--= in/ance1 ! ,coronation & ! ,sposalizio--has nev]1 z a religi\s & poetical conception1 be5 surpass$ by lat] arti/s1 9 spite ( all ! appliances ( col\r1 & ma/]y ( light & %ade1 & m>vell\s effici5cy ( h& s9ce atta9$4 ,e read] ( ,dante w rememb] ! sublime hymn t[>ds ! close ( ! ,p>adiso3-- ,v]g9e ,madre1 figlia del tuo figlio6 ,umile ed alta pi *e creatura1 ,t]ra9s fisso d'et]no consiglio2 ,tu se' colei *e l'umana natura ,nobilita/i si1 *e 'l suo fattore ,non disdegno di f>si sua fattura2 ,nel v5tre tuo si raccese l'amore ,p] lo cui caldo nell' et]na pace ,cosi g]m9ato que/o fiore2 ,qui se' a noi m]idiana face ,di c>itade1 e giuso intra mortali ,se' di sp]anza fontana vivace3 ,donna1 se' tanto gr&e e tanto vali1 ,*e qual vuol grazia e a te non ricorre ,sua disianza vuol vol> s5z' ali2 ,la tua b5ignita noa pur soccorre ,a *i dim&a1 ma molte fiate ,lib]am5te al dim&> precorre2 ,9 te mis]icordia1 9 te pietate1 ,9 te magnific5za1 9 te s' aduna ,quantunque 9 creatura di bontate6 ,to r5d] ! spl5d\r1 ! t]s5ess1 ! h>mony1 ( ?is magnific5t hymn seems impossible4 ,c>y's translation has1 h[ev]1 ! m]it ( fidelity to ! s5se3-- ,oh1 ,virg9-,"m1 daught] ( ?y ,son6 ,creat$ be+s all 9 l[l9ess ,surpass+1 z 9 height above !m all2 ,t]m by ! et]nal c\nsel preorda9'd2 ,ennobl] ( ?y nature1 s advanc'd ,9 !e1 t its great ,mak] did n scorn ,to make himself 8 own creation2 ,= 9 ?y womb1 rek9dl+1 %one ! love ,reveal'd1 ^: g5ial influ5ce makes n[ ,?is fl[] to g]m9 9 et]nal peace3 ,"h ?\1 to u1 ( *>ity & love ,art z ! noon-day tor*2 & art b5ea?1 ,to mortal m51 ( hope a liv+ spr+4 ,s mighty art ?\1 ,lady1 & s great1 ,t he :o grace desire?1 & comes n ,to !e = aidance1 fa9 w\ld h desire ,fly )\t w+s4 ,n only him :o asks1 ,?y b\nty succ\rs2 b do? freely (t ,=]un ! ask+4 ,:atsoe'er may be ,( excell5ce 9 creature1 pity mild1 ,rel5t+ m]cy1 l>ge munific5ce1 ,are all comb9'd 9 !e6 ,x is int]e/+ to turn to ! correspond+ /anzas 9 ,*auc]4 ,! invocation to ! ,virg9 ) :i* he comm5ces ! /ory ( ,/4 ,cecilia is r5d]$ almo/ ^w = ^w f ,dante3-- ,?\ ,maid & ,"m1 daught] ( ?y ,son6 ,?\ wel ( m]cy1 s9ful s\les cure6 ,! la/ /anza ( ! invocation is 8 own1 & z *>act]i/ic ( ! practical ,*auc]1 z x w\ld h be5 contr>y to ! g5ius ( ,dante3-- ,& = t fai? is dead )\t5 workis1 ,s = to work5 give me wit & grace6 ,t ,i be quit f !nce t mo/ d>k is2 ,o ?\ t art s fair & full ( grace1 ,be ?\ m9e advocate 9 t high place1 ,!re1 z )\t5 end is sung ,hozanne1 ,?\ ,*ri/es "m1 daught] de> ( ,anne6 ,/ill m beautiful & m 8 own is ! invocation 9 ! ,prioress's ,tale4 ,i give ! /anzas z mod]niz$ by ,wordswor?3-- ,o ,"m ,maid6 ,o ,maid & ,"m free6 ,o bu% unburnt1 burn+ 9 ,moses' sight6 ,t d[n did/ ravi% f ! ,deity1 ,?r\gh humbl5ess1 ! ,_s t t did alight ,^u ?y he>t1 :5ce1 ?r\gh t glory's might ,conceiv$ 0 ! ,fa!r's sapi5ce1 ,help me to tell x 9 ?y rev]5ce6 ,lady1 ?y goodness1 ?y magnific5ce1 ,?y virtue1 & ?y great humility1 ,surpass all sci5ce & all utt]ance2 ,= sometimes1 ,lady6 ere m5 pray to !e1 ,?\ g'/ be=e 9 ?y b5ignity1 ,! light to u v\*saf+ ( ?y pray]1 ,to be our guide unto ?y ,son s de>4 ,my k is s weak1 ,o blissful ,que51 ,to tell abroad ?y mighty wor?9ess1 ,t ,i ! weight ( x may n su/a92 ,b z a *ild ( twelve mon?s old1 or less1 ,t lab\re? 8 language to express1 ,ev5 s f>e ,i2 & !re=e1 ,i !e pray1 ,guide ?\ my song1 :i* ,i ( !e %all say4 ,& aga91 we may turn to ,petr>*'s hymn to ! ,virg91 :]e9 he prays to be deliv]$ f 8 love & ev]la/+ regrets = ,laura3-- ,v]g9e bella1 *e di sol ve/ita1 ,coronata di /elle1 al sommo ,sole ,piace/i s1 *e'n te sua luce ascose4 ,v]g9e pura1 d'ogni p>te int]a1 ,del tuo p>to g5til figliuola e madre6 ,v]g9e sola al mondo s5za esempio1 ,*e 'l ciel di tue bellezze innamora/i4 ,! fancy ( ! !ologians ( ! middle ages play$ r dang]\sly1 z x appe>s to me1 = ! un9itiat$ & un9/ruct$1 ) ! p]plexity ( ^! div9e relation%ips4 ,x is impossible n to feel t 9 _! admiration = ! div9e beauty ( ,m>y1 9 borr[+ ! amatory language & luxuriant allegories ( ! ,canticles1 :i* repres5t h] z an object ( delight to ! ,supreme ,be+1 !ologians1 poets1 & arti/s _h wr\ght !mselves up to a wild pit* ( en?usiasm4 ,9 su* passages z ^? ,i h quot$ above1 & 9 ! gr& old ,*ur* hymns1 we f9d ! be/ comm5t>y & int]pretation ( ! sacr$ pictures ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,yet dur+ ! ?irte5? c5tury !re 0 a purity 9 ! _s ( ! wor%ip :i* at once inspir$ & regulat$ ! =ms 9 :i* x 0 manife/$4 ,! ,annunciations & ,nativities 7 /ill di/+ui%$ by a *a/e & sacr$ simplicity4 ,! features ( ! ,madonna h]self1 ev5 :]e !y 7 n :at we call beautiful1 _h yet a t\* ( t div9e & contemplative grace :i* ! !ologians & ! poets _h associat$ ) ! que5ly1 mat]nal1 & bridal "* ( ,m>y4 ,?us ! impulses giv5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury cont9u$ 9 progressive developm5t ?r\gh ! fifte5?2 ! spiritual = "s "t 9 advance ( ! mat]ial influ5ces2 ! moral idea emanat+ z x 7 f ! s\l1 & ! influ5ces ( ext]nal nature fl[+ into x2 ! compreh5sive p[] ( fancy us+ m & m ! appreh5sive p[] ( imitation1 & bo? work+ toge!r till _! bl5d$ might a*iev$ its full fruition 9 ! works ( ,raphael4 99 99 99 99 99 ,e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance 7,a4,d4 #adad71 & ! condemnation ( ,huss1 gave a new impulse to ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,hussite w>s1 & ! sacrilegi\s indignity ) :i* h] sacr$ images _h be5 treat$ 9 ! nor?1 fill$ h] or?odox vot>ies ( ! s\?1 ( ,europe ) a con/]nation & horror l t excit$ by ! ,iconocla/s ( ! eigh? c5tury1 & 7 foll[$ by a simil> reaction4 ,! ,*ur* 0 call$ ^u to ass]t m /rongly ?an ev] its or?odox v5]ation = h]1 &1 z a natural consequ5ce1 votive pictures multipli$1 ! works ( ! excell+ arti/s ( ! fifte5? c5tury te/ify to ! zeal ( ! vot>ies1 & ! k9dr$ _s 9 :i* ! pa9t]s work$4 ,g]son1 a celebrat$ ,fr5* prie/1 & *ancellor ( ! univ]sity ( ,p>is1 di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance by ! eloqu5ce ) :i* he plead$ = ! ,immaculate ,conception1 & ! en?usiasm ) :i* he prea*$ 9 fav\r ( in/itut+ a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ?is my/]y1 z well z ano!r 9 hon\r ( ,joseph1 ! husb& ( ! ,virg94 ,9 bo? he 0 unsuccessful dur+ 8 lifetime2 b = bo? ev5tually 8 writ+s prep>$ ! way4 ,he also compos$ a ,lat9 poem ( ?ree ?\s& l9es 9 praise ( ,joseph1 :i* 0 among ! fir/ works publi%$ aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,toge!r ) ,/4 ,joseph1 ! p>5ts ( ! ,virg91 ,/4 ,anna m p>ticul>ly1 became objects1 ( popul> v5]ation1 & all 7 at l5g? exalt$ to ! rank ( patron sa9ts1 by hav+ fe/ivals in/itut$ 9 _! hon\r4 ,x is t[>ds ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 or r a little lat]1 t we fir/ meet ) t *>m+ dome/ic gr\p1 call$ ! ,holy ,family1 aft]w>ds s popul>1 s widely diffus$1 & treat$ ) su* an inf9ite v>iety4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t[>ds ! end ( ?is c5tury sprung up a new influ5ce1--! revival ( classical le>n+1 a passionate en?usiasm = ! poetry & my?ology ( ! ,greeks1 & a ta/e = ! rema9s ( antique art4 ,?is influ5ce on ! repres5tations ( ! ,virg91 z f> z x 0 m]ely ext]nal1 0 good4 ,an add$ dignity & grace1 a m free & correct draw+1 a tru] feel+ = h>mony ( proportion & all t con/itutes elegance1 7 gradually infus$ into ! =ms & attitudes4 ,b dang]\s became ! crav+ = m]e beauty1--dang]\s ! /udy ( ! classical & hea!n lit]ature4 ,?is 0 ! comm5cem5t ( t ?or\ghly pagan ta/e :i* 9 ! foll[+ c5tury demoraliz$ ,*ri/ian art4 ,!re 0 n[ an attempt at v>y+ ! arrangem5t ( ! sacr$ gr\ps :i* l$ to irrev]5ce1 or at be/ to a sort ( sup]ficial mann]$ gr&eur2 & f ?is p]iod we date ! fir/ introduction ( ! portrait ,virg9s4 ,an e>ly1 & mo/ sc&al\s example rema9s to u 9 "o ( ! frescoes 9 ! ,vatican1 :i* repres5ts ,giulia ,f>nese 9 ! "* ( ! ,madonna1 & ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 7! infam\s ,borgia7 kneel+ at h] feet 9 ! "* ( a vot>y4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! ,m$ici ! *ur*es ( ,flor5ce 7 fill$ ) pictures ( ! ,virg91 9 :i* ! only ?+ aim$ at 0 an allur+ & ev5 m]etrici\s beauty4 ,savon>ola ?und]$ f 8 pulpit 9 ! g>d5 ( ,san ,m>co aga9/ ^! impieties4 ,he exclaim$ aga9/ ! pr(an5ess ( ^? :o repres5t$ ! meek "m ( ,*ri/ 9 gorge\s app>el1 ) head unveil$1 & "u ! features ( wom5 too well & publicly kn[n4 ,he emphatically decl>$ t if ! pa9t]s knew z well z he did ! influ5ce ( su* pictures 9 p]v]t+ simple m9ds1 !y w\ld hold _! own works 9 horror & dete/ation4 ,savon>ola yield$ to none 9 or?odox rev]5ce = ! ,madonna2 b he desir$ t %e %\ld be repres5t$ 9 an or?odox mann]4 ,he p]i%$ at ! /ake1 b n till aft] he _h made a bonfire 9 ! ,piazza at ,flor5ce ( ! (f5sive effigies2 he p]i%$--p]secut$ to dea? by ! ,borgia family4 ,b 8 influ5ce on ! greate/ ,flor5t9e arti/s ( 8 "t is app>5t 9 ! ,virg9s ( ,botticelli1 ,lor5zo di ,cr$i1 & ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 all ( :om _h be5 8 fri5ds1 admir]s1 & disciples3 & all1 diff]+ f ea* o!r1 7 alike 9 ?is1 t1 :e!r x be ! dignifi$ sev]ity ( ,botticelli1 or ! *a/e simplicity ( ,lor5zo di ,cr$i1 or ! noble t5d]ness ( ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 we feel t ea* ( !m _h aim$ to portray wor?ily ! sacr$ "* ( ! ,"m ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,& to ^!1 z ,i ?9k1 we might add ,raphael himself1 :o visit$ ,flor5ce b a %ort "t aft] ! horrible execution ( ,savon>ola1 & mu/ h le>n$ ?r\gh 8 fri5d ,b>tolomeo to m\rn ! fate & rev]e ! memory ( t rem>kable man1 :om he plac$ aft]w>ds 9 ! gr& fresco ( ! ,!ologia1 among ! doctors & tea*]s ( ! ,*ur*4 7,rome1 ,vatican47 ,( ! num]\s ,virg9s pa9t$ by ,raphael 9 aft] times1 n "o is suppos$ to h be5 a portrait3 he says himself1 9 a lett] to ,c\nt ,ca/iglione1 t he pa9t$ f an idea 9 8 own m9d1 mi s]vo d' una c]ta idea *e mi vi5e 9 m5te2 :ile 9 ! contempor>y works ( ,&rea del ,s>to1 we h ! features ( 8 h&some b vulg> wife 9 e ,madonna he pa9t$4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! t5d5cy to portraiture1 9 e>ly ,flor5t9e & ,g]man art1 is obs]vable f an e>ly p]iod4 ,! hi/orical sacr$ subjects ( ,masaccio1 ,ghirl&ajo1 & ,van ,eyck1 are cr[d$ ) portraits ( liv+ p]sonages4 ,_! introduction into devotional subjects1 9 ! "* ( sacr$ p]sons1 is f> less excusable4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! con/ellation ( liv+ g5ius 9 e dep>tm5t ( art1 ! ri*es ( ! ,*ur*1 ! luxuri\s habits & classical /udies ( ! *ur*m51 ! decl9e ( religi\s conviction1 & ! asc5d5cy ( religi\s controv]sy1 _h comb9$ to multiply *ur* pictures1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( a l>ge & decorative "*4 ,b1 in/ead ( ! reign ( fai?1 we _h n[ ! reign ( ta/e4 ,!re 0 an absolute passion = picturesque gr\p+2 &1 z ! assembl$ figures 7 to be z v>i$ z possible 9 action & attitude1 ! arti/ic treatm5t1 9 ord] to prev5t ! l9es ( =m & ! col\rs ( ! drap]ies f int]f]+ ) ea* o!r1 requir$ great skill & pr(\nd /udy3 "s ( ^! sc5ic gr\ps h become1 9 ! h&s ( great pa9t]s1 su* z ,titian1 ,paul ,v]onese1 & ,annibale ,c>acci1 s magnific5t1 t we are incl9$ to =give _! spl5did errors4 ,! influ5ce ( ,sanazz>o1 & ( 8 fam\s ,lat9 poem on ! ,nativity 7,de ,p>tu ,virg9is71 on ! arti/s ( ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & on ! *oice & treatm5t ( ! subjects p]ta9+ to ! ,madonna1 c h>dly be calculat$2 x 0 l t ( ,dante 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 b 9 its nature & result h[ diff]5t6 ,! gr& mat]ialism ( ,mi*ael ,angelo is suppos$ to h be5 alli$ to ! g5ius ( ,dante2 b w\ld ,dante h ackn[l$g$ ! gr\p ( ! ,holy ,family 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,gall]y1 to my feel+1 "o ( ! mo/ pr(ane & (f5sive ( ! s-call$ religi\s pictures1 9 conception & execution1 :i* ev] proce$$ f ! m9d or h& ( a great pa9t]8 ,no d\bt "s ( ! sculptural ,virg9s ( ,mi*ael ,angelo are magnific5t & /ately 9 attitude & expression1 b too au/]e & mann]$ z religi\s conceptions3 nor c we wond] if ! pr$ilection = ! treatm5t ( m]e =m l$ 8 foll[]s & imitators into e species ( exagg]ation & affectation4 ,9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! same arti/ :o pa9t$ a ,l$a1 or a ,psy*e1 or a ,v5us "o day1 pa9t$ = ! same patron a ,virg9 ( ,m]cy1 or a ,mat] ,purissima on ! morr[4 ,"h1 ! vot>y told 8 beads1 & recit$ 8 ,aves1 be=e ! bless$ ,"m ( ! ,r$eem]2 !re1 %e 0 invok$ 9 ! pure/ ,lat9 by titles :i* ! classical my?ology _h f> o!rwise consecrat$4 ,i "k no?+ m disgu/+ 9 art ?an ! long-limb$1 /udi$1 inflat$ ,madonnas1 look+ gr& ) all _! might1 ( ?is p]iod2 luckily !y h fall5 into su* disrepute t we seldom see !m4 ,! ,madonna dell' lungo ,collo ( ,p>migiano might be cit$ z a fav\rable example ( ?is mi/ak5 & :olly artificial grace4 7,flor5ce1 ,pitti ,pal47 ,b 9 ! mid/ ( ^! paganiz$ & deg5]ate influ5ces1 ! re=m 9 ! discipl9e ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* 0 prep>+ a revolution 9 religi\s art4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t _h sev]ely d5\nc$ ! impropriety ( c]ta9 pictures admitt$ into *ur*es3 at ! same "t1 9 ! conflict ( cre$ :i* n[ divid$ ,*ri/5dom1 ! ag5cies ( art c\ld n safely be neglect$ by t ,*ur* :i* _h us$ !m ) su* signal success4 ,spiritual art 0 inde$ no m4 ,x 0 dead3 x c\ld nev] be reviv$ )\t a return to ^? modes ( ?\ght & belief :i* _h at fir/ inspir$ x4 ,in/ead ( religi\s art1 appe>$ :at ,i mu/ call !ological art4 ,among ! ev5ts ( ?is age1 :i* _h great influ5ce on ! wor%ip & ! repres5tations ( ! ,madonna1 ,i mu/ place ! battle ( ,lepanto1 9 #aega1 9 :i* ! comb9$ fleets ( ,*ri/5dom1 l$ by ,don ,juan ( ,au/ria1 a*iev$ a memorable victory ov] ! ,turks4 ,?is victory 0 attribut$ by ,pope ,pius ,v4 to ! especial int]position ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,a new invocation 0 n[ add$ to h] ,litany1 "u ! title ( ,auxilium ,*ri/ianorum2 a new fe/ival1 t ( ! ,ros>y1 0 n[ add$ to ^? already held 9 h] hon\r2 & all ! arti/ic g5ius :i* exi/$ 9 ,italy1 & all ! piety ( or?odox ,*ri/5dom1 7 n[ laid "u contribution to incase 9 m>ble sculpture1 to enri* ) c\ntless (f]+s1 t miracul\s h\se1 :i* ! angels _h borne ov] l& & sea1 & set d[n at ,loretto2 & t miracul\s1 bejewell$1 & brocad$ ,madonna1 en%r9$ )9 x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! ,c>acci s*ool gave a new impetus to religi\s1 or r1 z x has be5 /yl$ 9 contradi/9ction1 sac]dotal or !ological art4 ,if ^! great pa9t]s _h be5 rem>kable m]ely = ! application ( new arti/ic me?ods1 = ! success ) :i* !y comb9$ ! aims ( v>i\s s*ools-- ,di ,mi*el ,angiol la t]ribil via ,e 'l v]o natural di ,tiziano1 ! /udy ( ! antique ) ! obs]vation ( real life1--_! works und\bt$ly w\ld nev] h tak5 su* a hold on ! m9ds ( _! contempor>ies1 nor kept x s long4 ,ev]y?+ to live mu/ h an infusion ( tru? )9 x1 & ?is pat*work ideal1 z x has be5 well /yl$1 0 held toge!r by su* a pr9ciple4 ,! f\nd]s ( ! ,c>acci s*ool1 & _! imm$iate foll[]s1 felt ! influ5ces ( ! "t1 & work$ !m out4 ,!y 7 dev\t believ]s 9 _! ,*ur*1 & mo/ s9c]e wor%ipp]s ( ! ,madonna4 ,guido1 9 p>ticul>1 0 s di/+ui%$ by 8 passionate en?usiasm = h]1 t he 0 suppos$ to h be5 fav\r$ by a p>ticul> vision1 :i* enabl$ him m wor?ily to repres5t h] div9e beauty4 ,x is curi\s t1 h& 9 h& ) ?is developm5t ( ta/e & feel+ 9 ! appreciation ( natural s5tim5t & beauty1 & ?is t5d5cy to realism1 we f9d ! associations ( a peculi> & specific sanctity rema9+ ) ! old ,byzant9e type4 ,?is arose f ! fact1 always to be borne 9 m9d1 t ! mo/ anci5t arti/ic figure ( ! ,madonna 0 a purely !ological symbol2 app>5tly ! moral type 0 too ne>ly alli$ to ! human & ! real to satisfy fai?4 ,x is ! ugly1 d>k-col\r$1 anci5t ,greek ,madonnas1 su* z ?is1 :i* _h all along ! cr$it ( be+ miracul\s2 & to ?is day1 says ,kugl]1 ! ,neapolitan lemonade-sell] w all[ no o!r ?an a =mal ,greek ,madonna1 ) olive-gre5 complexion & veil$ head1 to be set up 9 8 boo?4 ,x is ! same 9 ,russia4 ,su* pictures1 9 :i* !re is no attempt at repres5tation1 real or ideal1 & :i* m]ely h a sort ( imag9>y sanctity & p[]1 are n s mu* idols z !y are m]e ,feti%es4 ,! mo/ lovely ,madonna by ,raphael or ,titian w\ld n h ! same effect4 ,guido1 :o himself pa9t$ lovely ,virg9s1 w5t e ,saturday to pray be=e ! little black ,madonna della ,gu>dia1 &1 z we are assur$1 held ?is old ,ea/]n relic 9 dev\t v5]ation4 ,9 ! pictures ( ! ,madonna1 produc$ by ! mo/ em95t pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is embodi$ ! !ology ( ! "t4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y is n1 l ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o1 a s+le projection ( ! arti/'s m9d1 b1 z f> z he c\ld put 8 /udies toge!r1 %e is a comp\nd ( e creature's be/1 sometimes maje/ic1 sometimes graceful1 (t5 full ( s5tim5t1 elegance1 & ref9em5t1 b want+ :olly 9 ! spiritual elem5t4 ,if ! ,madonna did really sit to ,guido 9 p]son1 7see ,malvasia1 ,fels9a ,pittrice17 we fancy %e mu/ h reveal$ h] lovel9ess1 b veil$ h] div9ity4 ,)\t d\bt ! f9e/ ,madonnas ( ! sev5te5? c5tury are ^? produc$ by ! ,spani% s*ool2 n because !y m realize our spiritual conception ( ! ,virg9--q ! contr>y3 = "h ! expression ( life ?r\gh s5sation & emotion prevails ov] ab/ract m9d1 gr&eur1 & grace2--b because ! int5sely human & sympa!tic "* giv5 to ! ,madonna appeals mo/ /rongly to our human nature4 ,! appeal is to ! fai? ?r\gh ! feel+s1 r ?an ?r\gh ! imag9ation4 ,morales & ,rib]a excell$ 9 ! ,mat] ,dolorosa2 & :o has surpass$ ,murilio 9 ! t5d] exultation ( mat]nity8#a ,!re is a fre%ness & a dep? ( feel+ 9 ! be/ ,madonnas ( ! late ,spani% s*ool1 :i* puts to %ame ! mann]ism ( ! ,italians1 & ! naturalism ( ! ,flemi% pa9t]s ( ! same p]iod3 & ?is because ! ,spani>ds 7 int5se & en?usia/ic believ]s1 n m]e ?9k]s1 9 art z 9 religion4 ,footnote #a3 ,see 9 ! ,h&book to ! ,private ,gall]ies ( ,art "s rem>ks on ! t5d5cies ( ! ,spani% ,s*ool1 p1 #agb4 ,z 9 ! six? c5tury1 ! fav\rite dogma ( ! "t 7! union ( ! div9e & human nature 9 ,*ri/1 & ! dignity ( ,m>y z p>5t ( bo?7 _h be5 embodi$ 9 ! gr\p ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 s n[1 9 ! sev5te5?1 ! doctr9e ( ! et]nal sanctification & pr$e/9ation ( ,m>y 01 aft] a long controv]sy1 triumphant1 & took =m 9 ! ,immaculate ,conception2 t beautiful subject 9 :i* ,guido & ,murilio excell$1 & :i* became ! d>l+ !me ( ! lat] s*ools ( art4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 t :ile 9 ! six? c5tury1 & = a ?\s& ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! ,virg91 9 all devotional subjects1 0 associat$ 9 "s visible mann] ) h] div9e ,son1 9 ?is %e appe>s )\t ! ,infant 9 h] arms4 ,! mat]nal "* is set aside1 & %e /&s alone1 absolute 9 h]self1 & complete 9 h] own p]fections4 ,?is is a v significant *>act]i/ic ( ! preval5t !ology ( ! "t4 ,i =be> to say mu* ( ! productions ( a s*ool ( art :i* sprung up simultane\sly ) t ( ! ,c>acci1 & 9 ! end ov]p[]$ its high] aspirations4 ,! ,naturali/i1 z !y 7 call$1 imitat$ nature )\t selection1 & produc$ "s *>m+ pa9t]s4 ,b _! religi\s pictures are almo/ all intol]able1 & _! ,madonnas are almo/ all portraits4 ,rub5s & ,albano pa9t$ _! wives2 ,allori & ,v&yck _! mi/resses2 ,dom5i*9o 8 daught]4 ,salvator ,rosa1 9 8 ,satires1 exclaims aga9/ ?is g5]al pr(an5ess 9 t]ms n less /rong ?an ^? ( ,savon>ola 9 8 ,s]mons2 b ! corruption 0 by ?is "t beyond ! rea* ( cure2 ! s9 c\ld nei!r be prea*$ nor *id$ away4 ,/rik+ effects ( light & %ade1 peculi> attitudes1 sc5ic gr\ps1 ! p]petual & dramatic introduction ( leg5d>y sc5es & p]sonages1 ( visions & miracles ( ! ,madonna v\*saf$ to h] vot>ies1 *>act]ize ! productions ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,z !y :o are :ole ne$ n a physician1 b !y :o are sick1 s 9 proportion to ! decl9e ( fai? 7 ! excitem5ts to fai?1 or r to cr$ulity3 j 9 proportion z m5 7 less incl9$ to believe 7 ! wond]s multipli$ :i* !y 7 call$ on to believe4 ,i h n spok5 ( ! influ5ce ( ,jesuitism on art4 ,?is ,ord] kept alive t devotion = ! ,madonna :i* _! great f\nd] ,loyola _h s ard5tly pr(ess$ :5 he *ose = ! ,lady ( 8 ?\ghts1 no pr9cess1 no du*ess1 b "o f> great]1 m pe]less4 ,! le>n+ ( ! ,jesuits suppli$ "s !mes n hi!rto 9 use1 pr9cipally ( a fanciful & allegorical k9d1 & nev] _h ! meek ,m>y be5 s deck$ out ) e>?ly ornam5t z 9 _! *ur* pictures4 ,if ! sanctification ( simplicity1 g5tl5ess1 mat]nal love1 & h]oic =titude1 7 calculat$ to elevate ! popul> m9d1 ! sanctification ( m]e glitt] & ornam5t1 embroid]$ robes1 & jewell$ cr[ns1 mu/ h t5d$ to degrade x4 ,x is surely an unwor?y & a fooli% excuse t1 9 ?us desecrat+ ) ! va9e/ & mo/ vulg> f9]y ! beautiful ideal ( ! ,virg91 an appeal 0 made to ! awe & admiration ( vulg> & ignorant m9ds2 = ?is is precisely :at1 9 all religi\s imag]y1 %\ld be avoid$4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is sacrilegi\s mill9]y does n come )9 ! prov9ce ( ! f9e arts1 ,i may pass x ov] "h4 ,among ! ,jesuit pr9ts ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,i rememb] "o :i* repres5ts ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 9 ! c5tre1 & ar\nd are ! mo/ fam\s h]etics ( all ages1 ly+ pro/rate1 or hang+ by ! neck4 ,julian ! ,apo/ate2 ,leo ! ,isaurian2 8 son1 ,con/ant9e ,capronymus2 ,arius2 ,ne/orius2 ,mani*eus2 ,lu!r2 ,calv93--v *>act]i/ic ( ! age ( controv]sy :i* _h succe$$ to ! age ( fai?1 :51 in/ead ( solemn sa9ts & grateful vot>ies1 we h dead or dy+ h]etics surr\nd+ ! ,"m ( ,m]cy6 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] ?is rapid sket* ( ! influ5ces :i* modifi$ 9 a g5]al way ! pictures ( ! ,madonna1 we may array be=e u1 & le>n to comp>e1 ! types :i* di/+ui%$ 9 a m p>ticul> mann] ! sep>ate s*ools1 caught f "s m local or individual impulses4 ,?us we h ! /]n1 awful quietude ( ! old ,mosaics2 ! h>d lifelessness ( ! deg5]ate ,greek2 ! p5sive s5tim5t ( ! ,si5a1 & /ately elegance ( ! ,flor5t9e ,madonnas2 ! intellectual ,milanese1 ) _! l>ge =eheads & ?\ghtful eyes2 ! t5d]1 ref9$ my/icism ( ! ,umbrian2 ! sumptu\s lovel9ess ( ! ,v5etian2 ! qua9t1 *>act]i/ic simplicity ( ! e>ly ,g]man1 s /amp$ ) _! nationality1 t ,i nev] look$ r\nd me 9 a room full ( ,g]man girls )\t ?9k+ ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,virg9s2 ! int5se life-l feel+ ( ! ,spani%2 ! prosaic1 portrait-l nature ( ! ,flemi% s*ools1 & s on4 ,b "h an obvi\s "q sugge/s itself4 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ?is div]sity1 ^! ev]-*ang+ influ5ces1 0 !re no *>act]i/ic type univ]sally accept$1 sugge/$ by common religi\s associations1 if n def9$ by ecclesia/ical au?ority1 to :i* ! arti/ 0 b\nd to con=m8 ,h[ is x t ! imp]sonation ( ! ,virg9 fluctuat$1 n only ) ! fluctuat+ t5d5cies ( successive ages1 b ev5 ) ! caprices ( ! individual arti/8 ,?is leads u back to reconsid] ! s\rces f :i* ! arti/ drew 8 inspiration4 ,! leg5d :i* repres5ts ,/4 ,luke ! ,evangeli/ z a pa9t] appe>s to be ( ,ea/]n orig91 & q unkn[n 9 ,we/]n ,europe be=e ! fir/ crusade4 ,x crept 9 !n1 & 0 accept$ ) _m o!r ori5tal sup]/itions & traditions4 ,x may h orig9at$ 9 ! real exi/5ce ( a ,greek pa9t] nam$ ,luca--a sa9t1 too1 he may h be52 = ! ,greeks h a :ole cal5d> ( canoniz$ arti/s1--pa9t]s1 poets1 & musicians2 & ?is ,greek ,san ,luca may h be5 a pa9t] ( ^? ,madonnas import$ f ! ateli]s ( ,m\nt ,a?os into ! ,we/ by m]*ants & pilgrims2 & ! ,we/1 :i* knew b ( "o ,/4 ,luke1 may h easily conf\nd$ ! pa9t] & ! evangeli/4 ,b we mu/ also rememb]1 t ,/4 ,luke ! ,evangeli/ 0 e>ly reg>d$ z ! great au?ority ) respect to ! few ,scripture p>ticul>s relat+ to ! "* & life ( ,m>y2 s t1 9 ! figurative s5se1 he may be said to h pa9t$ t portrait ( h] :i* has be5 s9ce receiv$ z ! p]fect type ( womanhood3--#a4 ,h] noble1 tru/ful humility1 :5 %e receives ! salutation ( ! angel 7,luke i4 #ch72 ! complete & fem99e surr5d] ( h] :ole be+ to ! high]1 holi] w--,be x unto me accord+ to ?y ^w4 #b4 ,!n1 ! decision & prud5ce ( "*1 %[n 9 h] visit to ,elizabe?1 h] old] relative2 h] j\rney 9 ha/e ov] ! hills to consult ) h] c\s91 :i* j\rney x is o!rwise difficult to accord ) ! ori5tal cu/oms ( ! "t1 unless ,m>y1 "y z %e 01 _h possess$ unusual promptitude & en]gy ( disposition4 7,luke i4 #ci1 #dj47 #c4 ,! pro( ( h] intellectual p[] 9 ! beautiful hymn %e has left u1 ,my s\l do? magnify ! ,"l4 7,luke i4 #df47 ,! comm5tators are n agre$ z to :e!r ?is effusion 0 p\r$ =? by imm$iate inspiration1 or compos$ & writt5 d[n1 because ! same words1 & ,m>y said1 may be int]pret$ 9 ei!r s5se2 b we c no m d\bt h] be+ ! au?oress1 ?an we c d\bt ( any o!r p>ticul>s record$ 9 ! same ,gospel3 x proves t %e mu/ h be51 = h] "t & c\ntry1 mo/ r>ely gift$ 9 m9d1 & deeply read 9 ! ,scriptures4 #d4 ,%e 0 ( a contemplative1 reflect+1 r sil5t disposition4 ,%e kept all ^! say+s1 & pond]$ !m 9 h] he>t4 7,luke ii4 #ea47 ,%e made no boa/ ( t wondr\s & mo/ bless$ de/9y to :i* %e 0 call$2 %e ?\ght ^u x 9 sil5ce4 ,x is inf]r$ t z _m ( ^! say+s & ev5ts c\ld be kn[n to h]self alone1 ,/4 ,luke ! ,evangeli/ c\ld h le>n$ !m only f h] own lips4 #e4 ,next h] truly mat]nal devotion to h] div9e ,son1 :om %e att5d$ humbly ?r\gh 8 :ole m9i/ry2#a #f4 & la/ly1 ! sublime =titude & fai? ) :i* %e foll[$ h] ,son to ! dea? sc5e1 /ood beside ! cross till all 0 f9i%$1 & !n w5t home1 & liv$ 7,luke xxiii472 = %e 0 to be to u an example ( all t a woman c\ld endure1 z well z all t a woman c\ld be & act out 9 h] e>?ly life4 7,john xix4 #be47 ,su* 0 ! "* ( ,m>y2 su* ! portrait really pa9t$ by ,/4 ,luke2 &1 z x seems to me1 ^! scatt]$1 artless1 un9t5tional notices ( conduct & "* conv]ge into ! mo/ p]fect moral type ( ! intellectual1 t5d]1 simple1 & h]oic woman t ev] 0 plac$ be=e u = our edification & example4 ,footnote #a3 ,milton places 9 ! m\? ( our ,savi\r an allusion to ! influ5ce ( 8 ,"m 9 e>ly life3-- ,^! gr[+ ?\ghts my "m soon p]ceiv+ ,by words at times ca/ =?1 duly rejoic$1 ,& said to me ap>t1 ',high are ?y ?\ghts1 ,o ,son2 b n\ri% !m1 & let !m so> ,to :at height sacr$ virtue & true wor? ,c raise !m1 ?\gh above example high4' ,b 9 ! ,*ur* traditions & enactm5ts1 ano!r "* 01 f ! fif? c5tury1 assign$ to h]1 out ( :i* grew ! !ological type1 v beautiful & exalt$1 b absorb+ to a great degree ! scriptural & moral type1 & sub/itut+ = ! m]ely human attributes o!rs borr[$ f h] relation to ! great s*eme ( r$emption2 = x 0 cont5d$ t1 z ! "m ( ! ,div9e1 %e c\ld n be h]self less ?an div9e2 consequ5tly above ! angels1 & fir/ ( all creat$ be+s4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 h] t5d] woman's wisdom became sup]natural gifts2 ! beautiful humility 0 *ang$ into a k ( h] own pr$e/9$ glory2 &1 be+ rais$ bodily into immortality1 & plac$ beside h] ,son1 9 all ! sacr$ spl5d\r ( b5efic5ce1 %e came to be reg>d$ z our int]cessor be=e t div9e ,son1 :o c\ld refuse no?+ to 8 "m4 ,! relative position ( ! ,"m & ,son be+ spiritual & inde/ructible 0 cont9u$ 9 heav52 & ?us /ep by /ep ! woman 0 transmut$ into ! div9ity4 ,b1 l h] ,son1 ,m>y _h walk$ 9 human =m ^u e>?1 & 9 =m mu/ h resembl$ h] ,son2 =1 z x is argu$1 ,*ri/ _h no e>?ly fa!r1 !re=e c\ld only h d]iv$ 8 human l9eam5ts f 8 "m4 ,all ! old leg5ds assume t ! resemblance betwe5 ! ,son & ! ,"m mu/ h be5 p]fect4 ,dante alludes to ?is belief3 ,rigu>da ormai nella faccia *' a ,*ri/o ,piu s' assomiglia4 ,n[ raise ?y view ,unto ! visage mo/ resembl+ ,*ri/4 ,! accept$ type ( ! head ( ,*ri/ 0 to be tak5 z a model 9 its mild1 intellectual maje/y1 = t ( ! ,virg9-"m1 z f> z diff]5ce ( sex w\ld all[4 ,9 ! ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( ,nicephorus ,gallixtus1 he has ins]t$ a description ( ! p]son ( ,m>y1 :i* he decl>es to h be5 giv5 by ,epiphanius1 :o liv$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & by him d]iv$ f a m anci5t s\rce4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 t ! type ( p]son "h assign$ to ! ,virg9 is m en]getic = a woman ?an t :i* has be5 assign$ to our ,savi\r z a man4 ,%e 0 ( middle /ature2 h] face oval2 h] eyes brilliant1 & ( an olive t9t2 h] eyebr[s ar*$ & black2 h] hair 0 ( a pale br[n2 h] complexion fair z :eat4 ,%e spoke little1 b %e spoke freely & affably2 %e 0 n tr\bl$ 9 h] spee*1 b grave1 c\rte\s1 tranquil4 ,h] dress 0 )\t ornam5t1 & 9 h] deportm5t 0 no?+ lax or feeble4 ,to ?is anci5t description ( h] p]son & mann]s1 we are to add ! scriptural & popul> portrait ( h] m9d2 ! g5tl5ess1 ! purity1 ! intellect1 p[]1 & =titude2 ! gifts ( ! poetess & prophetess2 ! humility 9 :i* %e exce$$ all womank9d4 ,la/ly1 we are to engraft on ^! p]sonal & moral qualities1 ! !ological attributes :i* ! ,*ur*1 f e>ly times1 _h assign$ to h]1 ! sup]natural end[m5ts :i* lift$ h] above angels & m53--all ^! 7 to be comb9$ into "o glori\s type ( p]fection4 ,:]e %all we seek ?is highe/1 holie/ imp]sonation6 ,:]e has x be5 atta9$1 or ev5 approa*$8 ,n1 c]ta9ly1 9 ! m]e woman1 nor yet 9 ! m]e idol2 n 9 ^? lovely creations :i* awak5 a sympa!tic ?rob ( t5d]ness2 nor 9 ^? /]n1 motionless types1--:i* embody a dogma2 n 9 ! classic features ( m>ble goddesses1 borr[$ z models2 nor 9 ! pa9t$ images :i* />e ^u u f tawdry alt>s 9 flax5 wigs & embroid]$ petticoats4 ,b :]e8 ,( c\rse we ea* =m to ourselves "s notion ( :at we require2 & ^! requirem5ts w be z div]se z our natures & our habits ( ?\ght4 ,= myself1 ,i h se5 my own ideal once1 & only once1 atta9$3 !re1 :]e ,raphael--inspir$ if ev] pa9t] 0 inspir$--project$ on ! space be=e him t wond]ful creation :i* we /yle ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o 7,dresd5 ,gal472 = !re %e /&s--! transfigur$ woman1 at once completely human & completely div9e1 an ab/raction ( p[]1 purity1 & love1 pois$ on ! empurpl$ air1 & requir+ no o!r support2 look+ out1 ) h] melan*oly1 lov+ m\?1 h] slightly dilat$1 sibyll9e eyes1 q ?r\gh ! univ]se1 to ! end & consummation ( all ?+s2--sad1 z if %e beheld af> (f ! vision>y sword t 0 to rea* h] he>t ?r\gh ,,him1 n[ re/+ z en?ron$ on t he>t2 yet already exalt$ ?r\gh ! homage ( ! r$eem$ g5]ations :o 7 to salute h] z ,bless$4 ,six times h ,i visit$ ! city made glori\s by ! possession ( ?is treasure1 & z (t51 :5 aga9 at a di/ance1 ) recollections di/urb$ by feeble copies & pr9ts1 ,i h begun to ?9k1 ,is x s inde$8 is %e inde$ s div9e8 or does n r ! imag9ation encircle h] ) a halo ( religion & poetry1 & l5d a grace :i* is n really !re8 & z (t51 :5 return$1 ,i h /ood be=e x & confess$ t !re is m 9 t =m & face ?an ,i _h ev] yet conceiv$4 ,i _c "h talk ! language ( critics1 & speak ( ?is picture m]ely z a picture1 = to me x 0 a revelation4 ,9 ! same gall]y is ! lovely ,madonna ( ! ,mey] family3 inexpressibly t\*+ & p]fect 9 its way1 b convey+ only "o ( ! attributes ( ,m>y1 h] b5ign pity2 :ile ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o is an ab/ract ( all4#a ,footnote #a3 ,expression is ! great & *>act]i/ic excell5ce ( ,raphael m especially 9 8 ,madonnas4 ,x is precisely ?is :i* all copies & engrav+s r5d] at be/ mo/ imp]fectly2 & 9 po9t ( expression ! mo/ successful engrav+ ( ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o is c]ta9ly t ( ,/e9la4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! poets are ev] ! be/ comm5tators on ! pa9t]s4 ,i h already giv5 f ! great s+]s ( high poems 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury _! exposition ( ! !ological type ( ! ,madonna4 ,n[1 9 "s /rik+ passages ( our mod]n poets1 we may f9d a mo/ beautiful comm5t>y on :at ,i h t]m$ ! moral type4 ,! fir/ is f ,wordswor?1 & may be recit$ be=e ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o3-- ,"m6 ^: virg9 bosom 0 uncro/ ,) ! lea/ %ade ( ?\ght to s9 alli$6 ,woman6 above all wom5 glorifi$2 ,out ta9t$ nature's solit>y boa/2 ,pur] ?an foam on c5tral ocean to/2 ,bright] ?an ea/]n skies at daybreak /rewn ,) fanci$ roses1 ?an ! unblemi%'d moon ,be=e h] wane beg9s on heav5's blue coa/1 ,?y ,image falls to e>?4 ,yet "s ,i we51 ,n un=giv51 ! suppliant knee might b5d1 ,z to a visible ,p[]1 9 :i* did bl5d ,all t 0 mix'd & reconcil'd 9 !e1 ,( "m's love ) maid5 purity1 ,( high ) l[1 cele/ial ) t]r5e4 ,! next1 f ,%elley1 reads l a hymn 9 hon\r ( ! ,immaculate ,conception3-- ,s]aph ( ,heav56 too g5tle to be human1 ,veil+ b5ea? t radiant =m ( woman ,all t is insupportable 9 !e ,( light1 & love1 & immortality6 ,sweet ,b5$iction 9 ! et]nal curse6 ,veil'd ,glory ( ?is lampless ,univ]se6 ,?\ ,moon beyond ! cl\ds6 ,?\ liv+ ,=m ,among ! ,dead6 ,?\ ,/> above ! /orm6 ,?\ ,wond]1 & ?\ ,beauty1 & ?\ ,t]ror6 ,?\ ,h>mony ( ,nature's art6 ,?\ ,mirror ,9 :om1 z 9 ! spl5d\r ( ! ,sun1 ,all %apes look glori\s :i* ?\ gaze/ on6 ,see :]e %e /&s6 a mortal %ape endu$ ,) love1 & life1 & light1 & deity2 ,! motion :i* may *ange b _c die1 ,an image ( "s bright et]nity2 ,a %ad[ ( "s gold5 dream2 a spl5d\r ,leav+ ! ?ird sph]e pilotless4 ,i d n "k :e!r int5tionally or n1 b we h "h assembl$ "s ( ! fav\rite symbols ( ! ,virg9--! moon1 ! />1 ! t]ribilis ut ca/rorum acies 7,cant4 vi4 #aj71 & ! mirror4 ,! ?ird is a passage f ,rob]t ,br[n+1 :i* appe>s to me to sum up ! moral ideal3-- ,!re is a vision 9 ! he>t ( ea*1 ,( ju/ice1 m]cy1 wisdom1 t5d]ness ,to wrong & pa91 & k ( _! cure2 ,& ^! embodi$ 9 a woman's =m ,t be/ transmits !m pure z fir/ receiv$ ,f ,god above h] to mank9d bel[6 ,,ii4 ,,symbols ,,& ,,attributes ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,t :i* ! g5ius ( ! greate/ ( pa9t]s only once express$1 we mu/ n look to f9d 9 8 pr$ecessors1 :o saw only p>tial glimpses ( ! union ( ! div9e & human 9 ! fem99e =m2 /ill less 9 8 deg5]ate successors1 :o nev] beheld x at all4 ,! difficulty ( fully express+ ?is complex ideal1 & ! allegorical _s ( ! "t1 fir/ sugge/$ ! exp$i5t ( plac+ r\nd ! figure ( ! glorifi$ ,virg9 c]ta9 accessory symbols1 :i* %\ld assi/ ! arti/ to express1 & ! obs]v] to compreh5d1 :at seem$ beyond ! p[] ( art to portray2--a language ( metaphor !n und]/ood1 & :i* we also mu/ und]/& if we w\ld seize ! complete !ological idea int5d$ to be convey$4 ,i %all beg9 ) ^? symbols :i* are borr[$ f ! ,litanies ( ! ,virg91 & f c]ta9 texts ( ! ,canticles1 9 all ages ( ! ,*ur* appli$ to h]2 symbols :i*1 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 frequ5tly accompany ^? repres5tations :i* set =? h] ,glorification or ,pr$e/9ation2 &1 9 ! sev5te5?1 are introduc$ into ! ,immaculate ,conception4 #a4 ,! ,sun & ! ,moon4--,electa ut ,sol1 pul*ra ut ,luna1 is "o ( ! texts ( ! ,canticles appli$ to ,m>y2 & also 9 a passage ( ! ,revelation1 ,a woman clo!d ) ! sun1 hav+ ! moon "u h] feet1 & on h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4 ,h5ce ! radiance ( ! sun above h] head1 & ! cresc5t moon b5ea? h] feet4 ,f inevitable association ! cresc5t moon sugge/s ! idea ( h] p]petual *a/ity2 b 9 ?is s5se x w\ld be a pagan r ?an a ,*ri/ian attribute4 #b4 ,! ,,/>4--,?is attribute1 (t5 embroid]$ 9 front ( ! veil ( ! ,virg9 or on ! "r %\ld] ( h] blue mantle1 has become almo/ z a badge f :i* sev]al well-kn[n pictures d]ive _! title1 ,la ,madonna della ,/ella4 ,x is 9 ! fir/ place an attribute allud+ to ! mo/ beautiful & expressive ( h] _m titles3--,/ella ,m>is ,/> ( ! ,sea1#a :i* is "o int]pretation ( h] ,jewi% "n1 ,miriam3 b %e is also ,/ella ,jacobi1 ! ,/> ( ,jacob2 ,/ella ,matut9a1 ! ,morn+ ,/>2 ,/ella non ,erratica1 ! ,fix$ ,/>4 ,:51 in/ead ( ! s+le /> on h] veil or mantle1 %e has ! cr[n ( twelve />s1 ! allusion is to ! text ( ! ,apocalypse already quot$1 & ! numb] ( />s is 9 allusion to ! numb] ( ! ,apo/les4#b ,footnote #a3 ,ave ,m>is ,/ella ,dei ,mat] alma6 c4 ,footnote #b3 ,9 capite inquit ejus corona /ell>um duodecim2 quidni coron5t sid]a quam sol ve/it8--,/4 ,b]n>d4 #c4 ,! ,,lily4--,i am ! rose ( ,%>on1 & lily ( ! valleys4 7,cant4 ii4 #a1 #b47 ,z ! g5]al emblem ( purity1 ! lily is introduc$ into ! ,annunciation1 :]e x ought to be )\t /am5s3 & 9 ! en?ron$ ,madonnas x is frequ5tly plac$ 9 ! h&s ( att5dant angels1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,madonnas2 ! lily1 z ! emblem ( _! patroness1 be+ *os5 by ! citiz5s z ! device ( ! city4 ,= ! same reason x became t ( ! ,fr5* mon>*y4 ,?orns are sometimes int]lac$ ) ! lily1 to express ! ,lilium int] ,sp9as4 7,cant4 ii4 #b47 #d4 ,! ,,rose4--,%e is ! rose ( ,%>on1 z well z ! lily ( ! valley2 & z an emblem ( love & beauty1 ! rose is especially d$icat$ to h]4 ,! plantation or g>d5 ( roses#a is (t5 introduc$2 sometimes x =ms ! backgr\nd ( ! picture4 ,!re is a mo/ beautiful example 9 a ,madonna by ,ces>e di ,se/o 7,milan1 ,br]a72 & ano!r1 ! ,madonna ( ! ,rose ,bu%1 by ,m>t9 ,s*o54 7,ca!dral1 ,colm>47 ,footnote #a3 ,quasi plantatio ros 9 ,j]i*o4 #e4 ,! ,,enclos$ ,,g>d5 7,hortus conclusus7 is an image borr[$1 l _m o!rs1 f ! ,song ( ,solomon4 7,cant4 iv4 #ab47 ,i h se5 ?is enclos$ g>d5 v significantly plac$ 9 ! backgr\nd ( ! ,annunciation1 & 9 pictures ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,sometimes ! enclosure is =m$ ( a treillage or h$ge ( roses1 z 9 a beautiful ,virg9 by ,francia4#a ,sometimes x is m]ely =m$ ( /akes or palisades1 z ,9 "s ( ! pr9ts by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,footnote #a3 ,muni* ,gal42 ano!r by ,antonio da ,negroponte 9 ! ,san ,francesco della ,vigna at ,v5ice1 is also an in/ance ( ?is significant backgr\nd4 ,! ,,well always full2 ! ,,f\nta9 =ev] seal$2 ! ,,t[] ( ,david2 ! ,,temple ( ,solomon2 ! ,,city ( ,david 7,civitas sancti71 7,cant iv4 #d4 #ab1 #ae72 all ^! are attributes borr[$ f ! ,canticles1 & are introduc$ into pictures & /a9$ glass4 #f4 ,! ,,porta ,,claitsa1 ! ,clos$ ,gate1 is ano!r metaphor1 tak5 f ! prophecy ( ,ezekiel 7xliv4 #d74 #g4 ,! ,,c$> ( ,lebanon 7,c$rus exaliata1 exalt$ z a c$> 9 ,lebanon71 because ( its height1 its incorruptible sub/ance1 its p]fume1 & ! heal+ virtues attribut$ to x 9 ! ,ea/1 expresses ! greatness1 ! beauty1 ! goodness ( ,m>y4 ,! victori\s ,,palm1 ! ,planta9 f> spread+1 & ! ,cypress po9t+ to heav51 are also emblems ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,,olive1 z a sign ( peace1 hope1 & abundance1 is also a fitt+ emblem ( ! graces ( ,m>y4#a ,footnote #a3 ,quasi oliva speciosa 9 campis4 #h4 ,! ,/em ( ,jesse 7,isa4 xi4 #a71 figur$ z a gre5 bran* entw9$ ) fl[]s1 is also v significant4 #i4 ,! ,,mirror 7,specula s9e macula7 is a metaphor borr[$ f ! ,book ( ,wisdom 7vii1 #be74 ,we meet ) x 9 "s ( ! late pictures ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 #aj4 ,! ,,seal$ ,,book is also a symbol (t5 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,virg9 9 a my/ical ,annunciation1 & suffici5tly significant4 ,! allusion is to ! text1 ,9 t book 7 all my memb]s writt52 & also to ! text 9 ,isaiah 7xxix4 #aa1 #ab71 9 :i* he describes ! vision ( ! book t 0 seal$1 & c\ld be read nei!r by ! le>n$ nor ! unle>n$4 #aa4 ,! ,bu% :i* burn$ & 0 n consum$1 is introduc$1 ) a my/ical significance1 into an ,annunciation by ,titian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides ^! symbols1 :i* h a my/ic & sacr$ significance1 & are applicable to ! ,virg9 only1 c]ta9 attributes & accessories are introduc$ into pictures ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 :i* are capable ( a m g5]al int]pretation4 #a4 ,! ,,globe1 z ! emblem ( sov]eignty1 0 v e>ly plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! div9e ,*ild4 ,:5 ! globe is "u ! feet ( ! ,madonna & encircl$ by a s]p5t1 z 9 "s lat] pictures1 x figures our ,r$emption2 h] triumph ov] a fall5 _w--fall5 ?r\gh s94 #b4 ,! ,,s]p5t is ! g5]al emblem ( ,s9 or ,satan2 b "u ! feet ( ! ,virg9 x has a peculi> significance4 ,%e has g5]ally h] foot on ! head ( ! reptile4 ,,%e %all bruise ?y head1 z x is int]pret$ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*4#a ,footnote #a3 ,ipsa cont]et caput tuum4 #c4 ,! ,,apple1 :i* ( all ! attributes is ! mo/ common1 signifies ! fall ( man1 :i* made ,r$emption necess>y4 ,x is sometimes plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,*ild2 b :5 9 ! h& ( ! ,"m1 %e is !n designat$ z ! second ,eve4#a ,footnote #a3 ,mors p] ,evam3 vita p] ,m>iam4 #d4 ,! ,,pomegranate1 ) ! se$s display$1 0 ! anci5t emblem ( hope1 & m p>ticul>ly ( religi\s hope4 ,x is (t5 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,*ild1 :o sometimes pres5ts x to 8 ,"m4 ,o!r fruits & fl[]s1 always beautiful accessories1 are frequ5tly introduc$ accord+ to ! ta/e ( ! arti/4 ,b fruits 9 a g5]al s5se signifi$ ! fruits ( ! ,_s--joy1 peace1 love2 & fl[]s 7 consecrat$ to ! ,virg93 h5ce we yet see !m plac$ be=e h] z (f]+s4 #e4 ,,e>s ,,( ,,:eat 9 ! h& ( ! ,infant 7z 9 a lovely little ,madonna by ,ludovico ,c>acci7#a figur$ ! bread 9 ! ,eu*>i/1 & ,,grapes ! w9e4 ,footnote #a3 ,lansd[ne ,collection4 ,!re 0 ano!r exactly simil> 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rog]s4 #f4 ,! ,,book4--,9 ! h& ( ! ,infant ,*ri/1 ! book is ! ,gospel 9 a g5]al s5se1 or x is ! ,book ( ,wisdom4 ,9 ! h& ( ! ,madonna1 x may h "o ( two mean+s4 ,:5 op51 or :5 %e has h] f+] betwe5 ! leaves1 or :5 ! ,*ild is turn+ ov] ! pages1 !n x is ! ,book ( ,wisdom1 & is always suppos$ to be op5 at ! sev5? *apt]4 ,:5 ! book is clasp$ or seal$1 x is a my/ical symbol ( ! ,virg9 h]self1 z ,i h already expla9$4 #g4 ,! ,,dove1 z ! receiv$ emblem ( ! ,holy ,_s1 is prop]ly plac$ above1 z hov]+ ov] ! ,virg94 ,!re is an exception to ?is rule 9 a v int]e/+ picture 9 ! ,l\vre1 :]e ! ,holy ,dove 7) ! nimbus7 is plac$ at ! feet ( ! ,*ild4#a ,?is is s unusual1 & s contr>y to all ! receiv$ proprieties ( religi\s art1 t ,i ?9k ! nimbus may h be5 add$ aft]w>ds4 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,virg9 has ! air ( a gipsy4 7,l\vre1 #eae47 ,! sev5 doves r\nd ! head ( ! ,virg9 signify ! sev5 gifts ( ! ,_s4 ,^! *>act]ize h] z p]sonifi$ ,wisdom--! ,mat] ,sapi5ti4 ,doves plac$ ne> ,m>y :5 %e is read+1 or at "w 9 ! temple1 are expressive ( h] g5tl5ess & t5d]ness4 #h4 ,,birds4--,! bird 9 ! ,egyptian hi]oglyphics signifi$ ! s\l ( man4 ,9 ! v anci5t pictures !re c be no d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 t ! bird 9 ! h& ( ,*ri/ figur$ ! s\l1 or ! spiritual z oppos$ to ! mat]ial4 ,b1 9 ! lat] pictures1 ! orig9al mean+ be+ lo/1 birds became m]e ornam5tal accessories1 or play?+s4 ,sometimes x is a p>rot f ! ,ea/1 sometimes a p>tridge 7! p>tridge is frequ5t 9 ! ,v5etian pictures73 sometimes a goldf9*1 z 9 ,raphael's ,madonna del ,c>dell9o4 ,9 a ,madonna by ,gu]c9o1 ! ,"m holds a bird p]*$ on h] h&1 & ! ,*ild1 ) a mo/ nave infant9e expression1 %r9ks back f x4#a ,9 a picture by ,b>occio1 he holds x up be=e a cat 7,nat4 ,gal4 #bi71 s completely 7 ! orig9al symbolism & all ! religi\s proprieties ( art at ?is "t set aside4 ,footnote #a3 ,x 0 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rog]s4 ,o!r animals are occasionally introduc$4 ,extremely (f5sive are ! apes :5 admitt$ into devotional pictures4 ,we h associations ) ! animal z a mock]y ( ! human1 :i* r5d] x a v disagreeable accessory4 ,x appe>s t1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 x became ! fa%ion to keep apes z pets1 & e read] ( ,vas>i w rememb] ! frequ5t m5tion ( ^! animals z pets & fav\rites ( ! arti/s4 ,?us only c ,i acc\nt = ! introduction ( ! ape1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,f]r>ese pictures4 ,bassano's dog1 ,b>occio's cat1 are (t5 introduc$4 ,9 a fam\s picture by ,titian1 ,la ,vi]ge au ,lap91 we h ! rabbit4 7,l\vre47 ,! introduction ( ^! & o!r animals m>ks ! decl9e ( religi\s art4 ,c]ta9 wom5 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are reg>d$ z especial types ( ! ,virg94 ,,eve4 ,m>y is reg>d$ z ! second ,eve1 because1 ?r\gh h]1 came ! promis$ ,r$emption4 ,%e bruis$ ! head ( ! ,s]p5t4 ,! ,tree ( ,life1 ! ,fall1 or ,eve hold+ ! ,apple1 are con/antly introduc$ allusively 9 ! ,madonna pictures1 z ornam5ts ( h] ?rone1 or on ! pr$ella ( an alt>-piece1 repres5t+ ! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 or ! ,coronation4 ,,ra*el figures z ! ideal ( contemplative life4 ,,ru?1 z ! ance/ress ( ,david4 ,,abi%ag1 z ! ,virg9 :o 0 br\ght to ! ,k+4 7,i ,k+s i4 #a47 ,,ba?%eba1 because %e sat ^u a ?rone on ! "r h& ( h] ,son4 ,,judi? & ,,e/h]1 z hav+ r$eem$ _! p1 & br\ght deliv]ance to ,israel4 ,x is because ( _! typical "*1 z emblems ( ! ,virg91 t ^! ,jewi% h]o9es s (t5 figure 9 ! religi\s pictures4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! arti/ic treatm5t ( ^! *>act]s z types ( ! ,virg91 w be f\nd 9 ! f\r? s]ies ( ,leg5d>y ,art4 ,9 8 ,p>adiso 7c4 xxxii471 ,dante repres5ts ,eve1 ,ra*el1 ,s>a1 ,ru?1 ,judi?1 z seat$ at ! feet ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 b5ea? h] ?rone 9 heav52 & next to ,ra*el1 by a ref9em5t ( spiritual & poetical gallantry1 he has plac$ 8 ,beatrice4 ,9 ! beautiful frescoes ( ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,apoll9>is at ,remag51 ^! ,hebrew wom5 /& toge!r 9 a gr\p bel[ ! ?rone ( ! ,virg94 ,( ! ,prophets & ! ,sibyls :o att5d on ,*ri/ 9 8 "* ( ! ,messiah or ,r$eem]1 ,i %all h mu* to say1 :5 describ+ ! arti/ic treatm5t ( ! hi/ory & "* ( ,our ,"l4 ,^? ( ! prophets :o are suppos$ to ref] m p>ticul>ly to ! ,inc>nation1 prop]ly att5d on ! ,virg9 & ,*ild2 b 9 ! anci5t alt>-pieces1 !y are n plac$ )9 ! same frame1 nor are !y gr\p$ imm$iately r\nd h] ?rone1 b =m ! out] accessories1 or are treat$ sep>ately z symbolical4 ,fir/1 ,,moses1 because he beheld ! burn+ bu%1 :i* burn$ & 0 n consum$4 ,he is g5]ally 9 ! act ( remov+ 8 s&als4 ,,a>on1 because 8 rod blossom$ miracul\sly4 ,,gideon1 on ^: fleece desc5d$ ! dew ( heav51 :ile all 0 dry ar\nd4 ,,daniel1 :o beheld ! /one :i* 0 cut out )\t h&s1 & became a great m\nta91 fill+ ! e>?4 7*4 ii4 #de47 ,,david1 z prophet & ance/or4 ,li/51 ,o daught]1 & incl9e ?9e e>4 ,,isaiah1 ,behold a virg9 %all conceive & be> a son4 ,,ezekiel1 ,?is gate %all be %ut4 7*4 xliv4 #b47 ,c]ta9 ( ^! p]sonages1 ,moses1 ,a>on1 ,gideon1 ,daniel1 ,ezekiel1 are n m]ely accessories & att5dant figures1 b 9 a mann] attributes1 z express+ ! "* ( ! ,virg94 ,?us 9 _m in/ances1 we f9d ! prophetical p]sonages altoge!r omitt$1 & we h simply ! attribute figur+ ! prophecy itself1 ! burn+ bu%1 ! rod1 ! dewy fleece1 c4 ,! ,sibyls are sometimes introduc$ alt]nately ) ! ,prophets4 ,9 g5]al1 if !re be only two1 !y are ! ,tiburt9a1 :o %[$ ! vision to ,augu/us1 & ! ,cumean ,sibyl :o =etold ! bir? ( our ,savi\r4 ,! ,sibyls 7 mu* ! fa%ion 9 ! classic times ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael h left u consummate examples4 ,b ,i mu/ repeat t ! full consid]ation ( ! ,prophets & ,sibyls z accessories belongs to ano!r dep>tm5t ( sacr$ art1 & !y w f9d _! place !re4 ,! ,evangeli/s frequ5tly1 & sometimes "o or m ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 appe> z accessories :i* assi/ ! !ological conception4 ,:5 o!r figures are introduc$1 !y are g5]ally ei!r ! protect+ sa9ts ( ! c\ntry or locality1 or ! sa9ts ( ! ,religi\s ,ord] to :om ! edifice belongs3 or1 :]e ! picture or w9d[ is an ex-voto1 we f9d ! patron sa9ts ( ! confrat]nity1 or ( ! donor or vot>y :o has d$icat$ x4 ,angels seat$ at ! feet ( ! ,madonna & play+ on musical in/rum5ts1 are mo/ lovely & appropriate accessories1 = ! *oral angels are always ar\nd h] 9 heav51 & on e>? %e is ! especial patroness ( music & m9/relsy4#a ,h] delegate ,cecilia patroniz$ sacr$ music2 b all music & musicians1 all m9/rels1 & all :o pli$ ! gaye sci5ce1 7 "u ! protection ( ,m>y4 ,:5 ! angels are s++ f _! music books1 & o!rs are accompany+ !m ) lutes & viols1 ! song is n always suppos$ to be ! same4 ,9 a ,nativity !y s+ ! ,gloria 9 excelsis ,deo2 9 a ,coronation1 ! ,reg9a ,coeli2 9 an en?ron$ ,madonna ) vot>ies1 ! ,salve ,reg9a1 ,mat] ,mis]icordi6 9 a pa/oral ,madonna & ,*ild x may be ! ,alma ,mat] ,r$emptoris4 ,footnote #a3 ,! picture by ,lo ,spagna1 lately add$ to our ,national ,gall]y1 is a beautiful example4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 all ! mo/ anci5t devotional effigies 7^? 9 ! catacombs & ! old mosaics71 ! ,virg9 appe>s z a maje/ic woman ( mature age4 ,9 ^? subjects tak5 f h] hi/ory :i* prec$e h] return f ,egypt1 & 9 ! ,holy ,families1 %e %\ld appe> z a "y maid5 f fifte5 to sev5te5 ye>s old4 ,9 ! subjects tak5 f h] hi/ory :i* foll[ ! baptism ( our ,"l1 %e %\ld appe> z a matron betwe5 =ty & fifty1 b /ill ( a sweet & graci\s aspect4 ,:5 ,mi*ael ,angelo 0 reproa*$ ) repres5t+ 8 ,mat] ,dolorosa mu* too "y1 he repli$ t ! p]fect virtue & s]5ity ( ! "* ( ,m>y w\ld h pres]v$ h] beauty & y\?ful appe>ance long beyond ! usual p]iod4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! gr\p 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,rome4 ,because "s ( ! ,greek pictures & c>v$ images _h become black ?r\gh extreme age1 x 0 argu$ by c]ta9 dev\t writ]s1 t ! ,virg9 h]self mu/ h be5 ( a v d>k complexion2 & 9 fav\r ( ?is idea !y quot$ ?is text f ! ,canticles1 ,i am black1 b comely1 ,o ye daught]s ( ,j]usalem4 ,b o!rs say t h] complexion _h become black only dur+ h] soj\rn 9 ,egypt4 ,at all ev5ts1 ?\gh ! blackness ( ^! antique images 0 suppos$ to enhance _! sanctity1 x has nev] be5 imitat$ 9 ! f9e arts1 & x is q contr>y to ! description ( ,nicephorus1 :i* is ! mo/ anci5t au?ority1 & t :i* is foll[$ 9 ! ,greek s*ool4 ,! prop] dress ( ! ,virg9 is a close r$ tunic1 ) long sleeves2#a & ov] ?is a blue robe or mantle4 ,9 ! e>ly pictures1 ! col\rs are pale & delicate4 ,h] head ought to be veil$4 ,! fa!rs ( ! primeval ,*ur*1 p>ticul>ly ,t]tullian1 atta* great importance to ! dec5t veil worn by ,*ri/ian maid5s2 & 9 all ! e>ly pictures ! ,virg9 is veil$4 ,! en?ron$ ,virg91 unveil$1 ) long tresses fall+ d[n on ei!r side1 0 an innovation introduc$ ab\t ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury2 comm5c+1 ,i ?9k1 ) ! ,milanese1 & !nce adopt$ 9 ! ,g]man s*ools & ^? ( ,nor!rn ,italy4 ,! ,g]man ,madonnas ( ,alb]t ,dur]'s "t h (t5 magnific5t & luxuriant hair1 curl+ 9 r+lets1 or desc5d+ to ! wai/ 9 ri* waves1 & always fair4 ,d>k-hair$ ,madonnas appe> fir/ 9 ! ,spani% & lat] ,italian s*ools4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 a fam\s ,piet by ,raphael1 engrav$ by ,m>c ,antonio1 ! ,virg91 /&+ by ! dead =m ( h] ,son1 has ! "r arm app>5tly b>e2 9 ! repetition ( ! subject x is clo!d ) a full sleeve1 ! impropriety be+ correct$4 ,! fir/ is1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ p]fect & mo/ preci\s z a "w ( art4--,b>ts*1 xiv4 #cd1 #ce4 ,9 ! hi/orical pictures1 h] dress is v simple2 b 9 ^? devotional figures :i* repres5t h] z que5 ( heav51 %e we>s a spl5did cr[n1 sometimes ( jewels int]wov5 ) lilies & roses4 ,! cr[n is (t5 ! sov]eign cr[n ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! picture is plac$3 ?us1 9 ! ,papal ,/ates1 %e (t5 we>s ! triple ti>a3 9 ,au/ria1 ! imp]ial diadem4 ,h] blue tunic is ri*ly embroid]$ ) gold & gems1 or l9$ ) erm9e1 or /uff ( v>i\s col\rs1 9 accordance ) a text ( ,scripture3 ,! ,k+'s daught] is all glori\s )92 h] clo?+ is ( wr\ght gold4 ,%e %all be br\ght unto ! ,k+ 9 a ve/ure ( ne$lework4 7,ps4 xlv4 #ac47 ,9 ! ,immaculate ,conception1 & 9 ! ,assumption1 h] tunic %\ld be pla9 :ite1 or :ite spangl$ ) gold5 />s4 ,9 ! subjects relat+ to ! ,passion1 & aft] ! ,crucifixion1 ! dress ( ! ,virg9 %\ld be violet or gray4 ,^! proprieties1 h[ev]1 are n always att5d$ to4 ,9 ! e>ly pictures :i* repres5t h] z nurs+ ! div9e ,infant 7! subject call$ ! ,v]g9e ,lattante71 ! utmo/ c>e is tak5 to veil ! bu/ z mu* z possible4 ,9 ! ,spani% s*ool ! mo/ vigilant c5sor%ip 0 ex]cis$ ov] all sacr$ pictures1 &1 ) reg>d to ! figures ( ! ,virg91 ! utmo/ decorum 0 requir$4 ,:at1 says ,pa*eco1 c be m =eign to ! respect :i* we owe to our ,lady ! ,virg91 ?an to pa9t h] sitt+ d[n ) "o ( h] knees plac$ ov] ! o!r1 & (t5 ) h] sacr$ feet uncov]$ & nak$8 ,let ?anks be giv5 to ! ,holy ,inquisition1 :i* comm&s t ?is lib]ty %\ld be correct$4 ,= ?is reason1 p]haps1 we seldom see ! feet ( ! ,virg9 9 ,spani% pictures4#a ,c>du*o speaks m p>ticul>ly on ! impropriety ( pa9t+ ! ,virg9 un%od1 s9ce x is manife/ t1 our ,lady 0 9 ! habit ( we>+ %oes1 z is prov$ by ! mu* v5]at$ relic ( "o ( !m f h] div9e feet at ,burgos4 ,footnote #a3 ,or 9 any ( ! old pictures till ! sev5te5? c5tury ,t&is que ,dieu e/ t\j\rs montr pi$s nus1 lui qui e/ desc5du t]re et a pris notre humanit1 ,m>ie au contraire e/ con/amm5t reprs5te les pi$s p]dus dans les plis tra9ants1 nombreux et lg]s de sa robe virg9ale2 elle1 qui e/ eleve au dessus de la t]re et rappro*e de ,dieu p> sa puret4 ,dieu montre p> ses pi$s nus qu'il a pris le corps de l'homme2 ,m>ie fait compr5dre en les ca*ant qu'elle p>ticipe de la spiritualit de ,dieu4 ,! ,*ild 9 h] arms is always1 9 ! ,greek & e>ly pictures1 clo!d 9 a little tunic1 g5]ally :ite4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury he fir/ appe>s p>tly1 & !n :olly1 undrap$4 ,joseph1 z ! e>?ly sposo1 we>s ! saffron-col\r$ mantle ov] a gray tunic4 ,9 ! lat] s*ools ( art ^! significant col\rs are (t5 v>i$1 & sometimes :olly disp5s$ )4 ,,iii4 ,,devotional ,,& ,,hi/orical ,,repres5tations4 ,9 ?is volume1 z 9 ! =m] ones1 ,i h adh]$ to ! di/9ction betwe5 ! devotional & ! hi/orical repres5tations4 ,i class z devotional1 all ^? :i* express a dogma m]ely2 all ! en?ron$ ,madonnas1 alone or surr\nd$ by significant accessories or att5dant sa9ts2 all ! ,my/ical ,coronations & ,immaculate ,conceptions2 all ! ,holy ,families ) sa9ts1 & ^? completely ideal & votive gr\ps1 9 :i* ! appeal is made to ! fai? & piety ( ! obs]v]4 ,i %all give ! *>act]i/ic details1 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 fur!r on4 ,! alt>-pieces 9 a ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* are always ei!r /rictly devotional objects1 or x may be1 hi/orical subjects 7su* z ! ,nativity7 treat$ 9 a devotional s5se4 ,!y are sometimes 9 sev]al pieces or comp>tm5ts4 ,a ,dipty* is an alt>-piece compos$ ( two divisions or leaves :i* are unit$ by h+es1 & close l a book4 ,portable alt>-pieces ( a small size are g5]ally 9 ?is =m2 & among ! mo/ valuable & curi\s rema9s ( e>ly religi\s art are ! ,greek & ,byzant9e ,dipty*s1 sometimes pa9t$1 sometimes c>v$ 9 ivory#a4 ,a ,tripty* is an alt>-piece 9 ?ree p>ts2 ! two out] divisions or w+s (t5 clos+ z %utt]s ov] ! c5tral comp>tm5t4 ,footnote #a3 ,among ! ,ca/s f ,anci5t ,ivory ,c>v+s1 publi%$ by ! ,arundel ,society1 w be f\nd "s int]e/+ & illu/rative examples1 p>ticul>ly ,class ,,iii4 ,dipty* b1 ,class ,,vii ,dipty* c & ,tripty* f1 ,class ,,ix4 ,tripty* k4 ,on ! outside ( ! %utt]s or doors ! ,annunciation 0 g5]ally pa9t$1 z ! my/]y :i* op5$ ! gates ( salvation2 occasionally1 also1 ! portraits ( ! vot>ies or donors4 ,complete examples ( devotional repres5tation occur 9 ! complex & elaborate alt>-pieces & w9d[s ( /a9$ glass1 :i* (t5 compreh5d a v significant s*eme ( !ology4#a4 ,i give "h plans ( two ( ^! old alt>-pieces1 :i* w assi/ ! read] 9 elucidat+ ! mean+ ( o!rs4 ,footnote #a3 ,/ill m important examples occur 9 ! por*es & ext]ior decoration ( ! old ca!drals1 ,fr5* & ,engli% :i* h escap$ mutilation4 ,^! w be f\nd expla9$ at l5g? 9 ! ,f\r? ,s]ies ( ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art4 ,! fir/ is ! alt>-piece 9 ! ,r9ucc9i ,*apel 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,santa ,croco ( ,flor5ce4 ,x is necess>y to premise t ! *apel 0 f\nd$ 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg9 & ,m>y ,magdal5e2 :ile ! *ur* is d$icat$ to ! ,holy ,cross1 & belongs to ! ,franciscans4 ,illu/ration3 ,alt>-piece ,! comp>tm5ts are sep>at$ by wood-"w mo/ ri*ly c>v$ & gilt 9 ! ,go?ic /yle1 ) twi/$ columns1 p9nacles1 & scrolls4 ,! subjects are ?us di/ribut$4 ,a4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild en?ron$4 ,%e has ! sun on h] brea/1 ! moon "u h] feet1 ! twelve />s ov] h] head1 & is att5d$ by angels be>+ ! attributes ( ! c>d9al virtues4 ,b4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,c4 ,/4 ,francis4 ,d4 ,/4 ,john ,evangeli/4 ,e4 ,m>y ,magdal5e4 #a4 ,! ,crucifixion1 ) ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john4 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,! f\r ,evangeli/s ) _! books3 half l5g?4 #f1 #g4 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul3 half l5g?4 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa4 ,/4 ,?omas1 ,/4 ,philip1 ,/4 ,james1 & ,/4 ,&rew3 half l5g?4 ,,pp4 ,! ,pr$ella4 #ab4 ,! ,nativity & ,adoration ( ,magi4 #ac4 ,/4 ,francis receives ! ,/igmata4 #ad4 ,baptism ( ,*ri/4 #ae4 ,! ,vision ( ,/4 ,john 9 ,patmos4 #af4 ,m>y ,magdal5e borne up by angels4 ,betwe5 ! alt>-piece & ! pr$ella runs ! inscription 9 ,go?ic lett]s1 ,,ave ,,delicissimis ,,virgo ,,m>ia1 ,,succurre ,,nobis ,,mat] ,,pia4 ,,mccclxxviii4 ,! second example is sket*$ f an alt>-piece pa9t$ = ! suppress$ conv5t ( ,santa ,*i>a1 at ,v5ice4 ,x is six feet high1 & eight feet wide1 & ! ornam5tal can+ 9 :i* ! subjects are enclos$ p>ticul>ly spl5did & elaborate4 ,illu/ration3 ,alt>-piece ,a4 ,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg91 treat$ z a religi\s my/]y1 ) *oral angels4 ,b4 ,! ,nativity ( our ,"l4 ,c4 ,! ,baptism4 ,d4 ,! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,e4 ,! ,betrayal ( ,*ri/4 ,f4 ,! ,procession to ,calv>y1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 is rudely pu%$ aside by ! soldi]s4 ,g4 ,! ,crucifixion1 z an ev5t3 ,john su/a9s ! ,virg9 at ! foot ( ! cross4 ,h4 ,! ,resurrection & ! ,noli me tang]e4 ,i4 ,asc5sion4 #a4 ,half-figure ( ,*ri/1 ) ! h& ext5d$ 9 b5$iction2 9 ! o!r h& ! ,gospel4 #b4 ,david4 #c4 ,isaiah4 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g4 ,! f\r ,evangeli/s /&+4 #h4 #i1 #aa1 #ab4 ,sc5es f ! ,life ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,cl>a4 #aj4 ,! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 #ac4 ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,x is to be regrett$ t s _m ( ^! alt>-pieces h be5 brok5 up1 & ! deta*$ p>ts sold z sep>ate pictures3 s t we may f9d "o comp>tm5t ( an alt> 9 a *ur* at ,rome1 & ano!r hang+ 9 a draw+-room 9 ,london2 ! upp] "p at ,gh5t1 ! l[] half at ,p>is2 "o w+ at ,b]l91 ano!r at ,flor5ce4 ,b :]e !y exi/ z a :ole1 h[ solemn1 significant1 & in/ructive ! arrangem5t6 ,x may be read z we read a poem4 ,comp>e ^! ) ! gr\ps r\nd ! en?ron$ ,virg9 9 ! lat] alt>-pieces1 :]e ! sa9ts elb[ ea* o!r 9 attitudes1 :]e mortal m5 sit ) unseemly famili>ity close to p]sonages recogniz$ z div9e4 ,z ,i h rem>k$ fur!r on1 x is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ speculations connect$ ) ! /udy ( art1 to trace ?is decl9e f rev]5ce to irrev]5ce1 f ! mo/ rigid =mula to ! mo/ fanta/ic caprice4 ,! gradual disappe>ance ( ! p]sonages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! increas+ importance giv5 to ! family ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! multiplication ( leg5d>y subjects1 & all ! v>iety ( adv5titi\s1 unmean+1 or m]ely ornam5tal accessories1 /rike u j 9 proportion z a le>n$ !ology replac$ ! unreflect+1 und\bt+ piety ( an e>li] age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! hi/orical subjects comprise ! ev5ts f ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 :5 treat$ 9 a dramatic =m2 & all ^? gr\ps :i* exhibit h] 9 h] m]ely dome/ic relations1 occupi$ by c>es = h] div9e ,*ild1 & surr\nd$ by h] p>5ts & k9dr$1 subjects :i* assume a pa/oral & poetical r ?an an hi/orical =m4 ,all ^! may be divid$ into ,scriptural & ,leg5d>y repres5tations4 ,! ,scriptural sc5es 9 :i* ! ,virg9 ,m>y is a *ief or important p]sonage1 are ! ,annunciation1 ! ,visitation1 ! ,nativity1 ! ,purification1 ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ! ,flight into ,egypt1 ! ,m>riage at ,cana1 ! ,procession to ,calv>y1 ! ,crucifixion 7z relat$ by ,/4 ,john71 & ! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,! ,traditional & ,leg5d>y sc5es are ^? tak5 f ! apocryphal ,scriptures1 "s ( :i* h exi/$ f ! ?ird c5tury4 ,! ,leg5d ( ,joa*im & ,anna1 ! p>5ts ( ! ,virg91 ) ! acc\nt ( h] e>ly life1 & h] ,m>riage ) ,joseph1 d[n to ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 are tak5 f ! ,gospel ( ,m>y & ! ,protevangelion4 ,! sc5es ( ! ,flight into ,egypt1 ! ,repose on ! ,j\rney1 & ! ,soj\rn ( ! ,holy ,family at ,hi]opolis or ,mat>ea1 are tak5 f ! ,gospel ( ,infancy4 ,! v>i\s sc5es att5d+ ! ,dea? & ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 are d]iv$ f a ,greek leg5d>y poem1 once attribut$ to ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 b ! "w1 z x is suppos$1 ( a c]ta9 ,greek1 nam$ ,meliton1 :o liv$ 9 ! n9? c5tury1 & :o has m]ely dress$ up 9 a m fanciful =m anci5t traditions ( ! ,*ur*4 ,_m ( ^! hi/orical sc5es h be5 treat$ 9 a devotional /yle1 express+ n ! action1 b ! ev5t1 tak5 9 ! light ( a religi\s my/]y2 a di/9ction :i* ,i h fully expla9$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 :]e ,i h giv5 9 detail ! leg5ds on :i* ^! sc5es are f\nd$1 & ! religi\s significance convey$ by ! treatm5t4 ,a complete s]ies ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 beg9s ) ! rejection ( h] fa!r ,joa*im f ! temple1 & ends ) ! assumption & coronation1 includ+ mo/ ( ! ev5ts 9 ! ,hi/ory ( our ,"l 7z = example1 ! s]ies pa9t$ by ,giotto1 9 ! *apel ( ! ,ar5a1 at ,padua72 b !re are _m in/ances 9 :i* c]ta9 important ev5s relat+ to ! ,virg9 only1 z ! pr9cipal p]son1 are treat$ z a devotional s]ies2 & su* are g5]ally f\nd 9 ! *apels & oratories especially d$icat$ to h]4 ,a beautiful in/ance is t ( ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg91 treat$ 9 a succession ( sc5es1 z an ev5t ap>t1 & pa9t$ by ,taddeo ,b>rolo1 9 ! ,*apel ( ! ,palazzo ,publico1 at ,si5a4 ,?is small *apel 0 d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 soon aft] ! t]rible plague ( #ahdh _h ceas$1 z x 0 believ$1 by h] int]cession2 s t ?is municipal *apel 0 at once an expression ( ?anksgiv+1 & a memorial ( dea?1 ( suff]+1 ( b]eavem5t1 & ( hope 9 ! resurrection4 ,! frescoes cov] "o wall ( ! *apel1 & are arrang$ 9 f\r sc5es4 #a4 ,m>y is recl9+ 9 h] la/ sickness1 & ar\nd h] are ! ,apo/les1 :o1 accord+ to ! beautiful leg5d1 7 miracul\sly assembl$ to witness h] dep>ture4 ,to express ?is1 "o ( !m is float+ 9 z if borne on ! air4 ,/4 ,john kneels at h] feet1 & %e takes1 ) an expression exquisitely t5d] & mat]nal1 8 two h&s 9 h]s4 ,?is action is peculi> to ! ,si5a s*ool4#a ,footnote #a3 ,on ea* side ( ! pr9cipal door ( ! ,ca!dral at ,si5a1 :i* is d$icat$ to ,beata ,virg9e ,assunta1 & j )9 ! entrance1 is a magnific5t pila/]1 ( :ite m>ble1 completely cov]$ f ! base to ! capital ) ! mo/ luxuriant c>v+1 arabesques1 foliage1 c41 9 an admirable & f9i%$ /yle4 ,on ! bases ( ^! two pila/]s are subjects f ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 ?ree on ea* side1 & arrang$1 ea* subject on "o side hav+ its p5dant on ! o!r4 #a4 ,! meet+ ( ,joa*im & ,anna4 #b4 ,! ,nativity ( ,m>y4 #c4 ,h] sickness & la/ f>ewell to ! ,apo/les2 b5d+ t[>ds ,/4 ,john1 %e takes 8 h&s 9 h]s ) ! same t5d] expression z 9 ! fresco by ,taddeo ,b>tola4 #d4 ,%e lies dead on h] c\*4 #e4 ,! ,assumption4 #f4 ,! ,coronation4 ,! figures are ab\t a foot 9 height1 delicately c>v$1 full ( t s5tim5t :i* is especially ,si5ese1 & treat$ ) a truly sculptural simplicity4 #b4 ,%e lies ext5d$ on h] c\*1 surr\nd$ by ! weep+ ,apo/les1 & ,*ri/ beh9d receives ! p>t+ s\l1--! usual repres5tation1 b treat$ ) ! utmo/ s5tim5t4 #c4 ,%e is borne to ! grave by ! ,apo/les2 9 ! backgr\nd1 ! walls ( ! city ( ,j]usalem4 ,"h ! ,greek leg5d ( ,/4 ,mi*ael protect+ h] rema9s f ! sacrilegi\s ,jew is omitt$1 & a peculi> s5tim5t ( solemnity p]vades ! :ole sc5e4 #d4 ,! resurrection ( ! ,virg91 :5 %e rises f ! tomb su/a9$ by hov]+ angels1 & is receiv$ by ,*ri/4 ,:5 ,i fir/ saw ^! beautiful frescoes1 9 #ahdg1 !y 7 9 a v ru9$ /ate2 !y h s9ce be5 re/or$ 9 a v good /yle1 & ) a rev]5t att5tion to ! details & expression4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! cycle comm5ces ei!r ) ! leg5d ( ,joa*im & ,anna1 or ) ! ,nativity ( ! ,virg91 & ends ) ! assumption & coronation4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ e>ly example is ! s]ies pa9t$ 9 fresco by ,taddeo ,gaddi1 9 ! ,b>oncelli ,*apel at ,flor5ce4 ,! subjects are arrang$ on two walls4 ,! fir/ on ! "r h&1 & ! second1 opposite to u z we ent]4 #a4 ,joa*im is reject$ f ! ,temple4 #b4 ,he is consol$ by ! ,angel4 #c4 ,! meet+ ( ,joa*im & ,anna4 #d4 ,! ,bir? ( ! ,virg94 #e4 ,! ,pres5tation ( ! ,virg94 ,%e is "h a *ild ( ab\t five ye>s old2 & hav+ asc5d$ five /eps 7( ! fifte57 %e turns z if to bid f>ewell to h] p>5ts & companions1 :o /& bel[2 :ile on ! summit ! ,high ,prie/1 ,anna ! prophetess1 & ! maid5s ( ! ,temple come =w>d to receive h]4 #f4 ,! ,m>riage to ,joseph1 & ! rage & disappo9tm5t ( ! o!r suitors4 ,! second wall is divid$ by a l>ge w9d[ ( ! ri*e/ /a9$ glass1 on ea* side ( :i* ! subjects are arrang$4 #g4 ,! ,annunciation4 ,?is is peculi>4 ,m>y1 n ?ron$ or /&+1 b seat$ on ! gr\nd1 ) h] h&s clasp$1 & an expression beautiful = devotion & humility1 looks upw>ds to ! desc5d+ angel4 #h4 ,! ,meet+ ( ,m>y & ,elizabe?4 #i4 ,! ,annunciation to ! ,%eph]ds4 #aj4 ,! ,nativity4 #aa4 ,! ,wise ,m5 behold ! ,/> 9 ! ,=m ( a ,*ild4 #ab4 ,!y approa* to ,wor%ip4 ,"u ! w9d[ is ! alt>1 no long] us$ z su*2 & beh9d x a small b beautiful tripty* ( ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg91 by ,giotto1 conta9+ at lea/ a hundr$ heads ( sa9ts1 angels1 c42 & on ! wall opposite is ! l>ge fresco ( ! ,assumption1 by ,ma9>di1 9 :i* ,/4 ,?omas receives ! girdle1 ! o!r ,apo/les be+ omitt$4 ,?is is ( mu* lat] date1 be+ pa9t$ ab\t #adie4 ,! s]ies ( five subjects 9 ! ,r9ucc9i ,*apel 79 ! sacri/y ( ! same *ur*7 has be5 g5]ally attribut$ to ,taddeo ,gaddi1 b ,i agree ) ^? :o gave x to a diff]5t pa9t] ( ! same p]iod4 ,! subjects are ?us arrang$3--#a4 ,! ,rejection ( ,joa*im1 :i* fills ! :ole ar* at ! top1 & is r peculi>ly treat$4 ,on ! "r ( ! alt> advances a company ( grave-look+ ,eld]s1 ea* ) 8 (f]+4 ,on ! left1 a procession ( ! matrons & wid[s :o _h be5 fruitful 9 ,israel1 ea* ) h] lamb4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ,joa*im1 ) 8 lamb 9 8 arms & an affright$ look1 is hurry+ d[n ! /eps4 #b4 ,! ,lam5tation ( ,joa*im on ! ,m\nta91 & ! ,meet+ ( ,joa*im & ,anna4 #c4 ,! ,bir? ( ! ,virg94 #d4 ,! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple4 #e4 ,! ,sposalizio ( ! ,virg91 ) :i* ! s]ies concludes2 e ev5t ref]r+ to h] div9e ,son1 ev5 ! ,annunciation1 be+ omitt$4 ,on comp>+ ^! frescoes ) ^? 9 ! neighb\r+ *apel ( ! ,b>oncelli1 ! diff]5ce 9 feel+ w be imm$iately felt2 b !y are v nave & elegant4 ,ab\t a hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ^! two examples we h ! celebrat$ s]ies pa9t$ by ,ghirl&ajo1 9 ! *oir ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella at ,flor5ce4 ,!re are ?ree walls4 ,on ! pr9cipal wall1 fac+ u z we ent]1 is ! w9d[2 & ar\nd x ! ,annunciation 7z a my/]y71 !n ! pr9cipal sa9ts ( ! ,ord] to :om ! *ur* belongs1--,/4 ,dom9ic & ,/4 ,pet] ,m>tyr1 & ! protect+ sa9ts ( ,flor5ce4 ,on ! left h& 7i4e4 ! "r z we face ! high alt>7 is ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,virg92 on ! opposite side1 ! ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! v>i\s cycles relat+ to ,/4 ,john z patron ( ,flor5ce w be fully treat$ 9 ! la/ volume ( ,leg5d>y ,art2 at pres5t ,i %all conf9e myself to ! beautiful set ( subjects :i* relate ! hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 & :i* ! engrav+s ( ,las9io 7see ! ,anci5t ,flor5t9e ,ma/]s7 h r5d]$ well kn[n to ! lov]s ( art4 ,!y cov] ! :ole wall & are ?us arrang$1 beg9n+ f ! l[e/ on ! left h&4 #a4 ,joa*im is driv5 f ! ,temple4 #b4 ,! ,bir? ( ! ,virg94 #c4 ,! ,pres5tation ( ! ,virg9 9 ! ,temple4 #d4 ,! ,m>riage ( ,joseph & ,m>y4 #e4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi 7?is is v mu* ru9$74 #f4 ,! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts4 7,?is also is mu* ru9$47 ,vas>i says x 0 ! f9e/ ( all4 ,x is v unusual to make ?is t]rible & pa!tic sc5e "p ( ! life ( ! ,virg94 #g4 ,9 ! highe/ & l>ge/ comp>tm5t1 ! ,dea? & ,assumption ( ! ,virg94 ,ne>ly contempor>y ) ?is f9e s]ies is t by ,p9turic*io 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,popolo1 at ,rome 79 ! ?ird *apel on ! "r74 ,x is compris$ 9 five lunettes r\nd ! ceil+1 beg9n+ ) ! ,bir? ( ! ,virg91 & is rem>kable = its elegance4 ,ab\t =ty ye>s aft] ?is s]ies 0 complet$ ! p ( ,si5a1 :o _h always bees rem>kable = _! devotion to ! ,virg91 d$icat$ to ,h] hon\r ! beautiful little *apel call$ ! ,oratory ( ,san ,b]n>d9o 7v4 ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s71 ne> ! *ur* ( ,san ,francesco1 & belong+ to ! same ,ord]1 ! ,franciscans4 ,?is *apel is an exact p>allelogram & ! frescoes :i* cov] ! f\r walls are ?us arrang$ above ! wa9scot1 :i* rises ab\t eight feet f ! gr\nd4 #a4 ,opposite ! door z we ent]1 ! ,bir? ( ! ,virg94 ,! usual visitor to ,/4 ,anna is "h a gr& female figure1 9 volum9\s drap]y4 ,! delight & exultation ( ^? :o m9i/] to ! new-born infant are express$ ) ! mo/ graceful navet4 ,?is beautiful composition %\ld be comp>$ ) ^? ( ,ghirl&ajo & ,&rea del ,s>to 9 ! ,annunziata at ,flor5ce2#a x yields to nei!r z a conception & is :olly diff]5t4 ,x is ! "w ( a ,si5ese pa9t] little kn[n--,girolamo del ,pac*io4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is s]ies1 pa9t$ by ,&rea & 8 s*ol>s & companions1 ,franciabigio & ,pontormo1 is v rem>kable z a "w ( art1 b pres5ts no?+ new 9 reg>d to ! *oice & treatm5t ( ! subjects4 #b4 ,! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple1 by ,g4,a4 ,razzi4 ,! pr9cipal sc5e is plac$ 9 ! backgr\nd1 & ! little ,madonna1 z %e asc5ds ! /eps1 is receiv$ by ! ,high ,prie/ & ,anna ! prophetess4 ,h] fa!r & "m & gr\ps ( spectators fill ! =egr\nd2 "h1 too1 is a v noble female figure on ! "r2 b ! :ole composition is mann]$1 & wants repose & religi\s feel+4 #c4 ,! ,sposalizio1 by ,beccafumi4 ,! c]emony takes place aft] ! mann] ( ! ,jews1 outside ! ,temple4 ,9 a mann]$1 artificial /yle4 #d1 #e4 ,on "o side ( ! alt>1 ! ,angel ,gabriel float+ 9--v maje/ic & angelic2 on ! o!r side ! ,virg9 ,annunziata1 ) t attitude & expression s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,si5a ,s*ool1 z if %r9k+ f ! app>ition4 ,^! also are by ,girolamo del ,pac*io1 & extremely f9e4 #f4 ,! en?ron$ ,virg9 & ,*ild1 by ,beccafumi4 ,! ,virg9 is v f9e & maje/ic2 ar\nd h] ?rone /& & kneel ! gu>dian sa9ts ( ,si5a & ! ,franciscan ,ord]2 ,/4 ,francis1 ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua1 ,/4 ,b]n>d9o1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a1 ,/4 ,ansano1 ,/4 ,john ,b41 ,/4 ,l\is4 7,/4 ,ca!r9e1 z patroness ( ,si5a1 takes "h ! place usually giv5 to ,/4 ,cl>a 9 ! ,franciscan pictures47 #g4 ,! ,visitation4 ,v f9e & r peculi>2 = "h ,elizabe? b5ds ov] ,m>y z welcom+ h]1 :ile ! o!r incl9es h] head z accept+ hospitality4 ,by ,razzi4 #h4 ,! ,dea? ( ! ,virg94 ,f\rte5 figures1 among :i* are f\r females lam5t+1 & ,/4 ,john be>+ ! palm4 ,! attitude & expression ( ,m>y1 compos$ 9 dea?1 are v f9e2 & ,*ri/1 in/ead ( /&+1 z usual1 by ! c\*1 ) h] p>t+ s\l 9 8 arms1 comes ru%+ d[n f above ) arms outspread to receive x4 #i4 ,! ,assumption4 ,m>y1 attir$ all 9 :ite1 rises maje/ically4 ,! tomb is se5 b5ea?1 out ( :i* gr[ two tall lilies amid :ite roses2 ! ,apo/les surr\nd x1 & ,/4 ,?omas receives ! girdle4 ,?is is "o ( ! f9e/ works ( ,razzi1 & "o ( ! pure/ 9 po9t ( s5tim5t4 #aj4 ,! ,coronation1 cov]+ ! :ole wall :i* faces ! alt>1 is by ,razzi2 x is v peculi> & *>act]i/ic4 ,! ,virg91 all 9 :ite1 & extremely f9e1 b5d+ gracefully1 receives h] cr[n2 ! o!r figures h t vulg>ity ( expression :i* belong$ to ! arti/1 & is (t5 s oddly m+l$ ) ! s5tim5t & gr&eur ( 8 s*ool & "t4 ,on ! "r ( ! pr9cipal gr\p /&s ,/4 ,john ,b42 on ! left1 ,adam & ,eve2 & beh9d ! ,virg91 h] "m1 ,/4 ,anna1 :i* is q peculi>1 & ! only in/ance ,i c rememb]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x appe>s !re=e t ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :e!r treat$ z a devotional or hi/orical s]ies1 =ms a k9d ( pictur$ drama 9 successive sc5es2 sometimes compris+ only six or eight ( ! pr9cipal ev5ts ( h] individual life1 z h] bir?1 d$ication1 m>riage1 dea?1 & assumption3 sometimes ext5d+ to =ty or fifty subjects1 & comb9+ h] hi/ory ) t ( h] div9e ,son4 ,i may n[ direct ! att5tion ( ! read] to a few o!r in/ances rem>kable = _! beauty & celebrity4 ,giotto1 #acbj4 ,9 ! *apel at ,padua /yl$ la ,capella dell' ,ar5a4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ complete examples extant1 comb9+ ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 ) t ( h] ,son4 ,?is s]ies is ( ! highe/ value1 a numb] ( sc5es & situations sugge/$ by ! ,scriptures be+ "h ei!r express$ = ! fir/ "t1 or 9 a =m unkn[n 9 ! ,greek s*ool4#a ,footnote #a3 ,vide ,kugl]'s ,h&book1 p4 #abi4 ,he obs]ves1 t ! introduction ( ! maid-s]vant sp9n+1 9 ! /ory ( ,/4 ,anna1 ov]/eps ! limits ( ! high] ecclesia/ical /yle4 ,= an explanation ,i mu/ ref] to ! /ory z ,i h giv5 x at p #bdi4 ,see1 = ! di/ribution ( ! subjects 9 ?is *apel1 ,"l ,l9dsay's ,*ri/ian ,art1 vol4 ii4 ,a set ( ! subjects has s9ce be5 publi%$ by ! ,arundel ,society4 ,angiolo ,gaddi1 #achj4 ,! s]ies 9 ! ca!dral at ,prato4 ,^! comprise ! hi/ory ( ! ,holy ,girdle4 ,&rea ,orcagna1 #acgc4 ,! beautiful s]ies ( bas-reliefs on ! %r9e 9 ,or-,san-,mi*ele1 at ,flor5ce4 ,nicol da ,mod5a1 #adej4 ,p]haps ! e>lie/ engrav$ example3 v rem>kable = ! elegance ( ! motifs & ! imp]fect execution1 engrav+ on copp] be+ !n a new art4 ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,! beautiful & well-kn[n set ( tw5ty-five wood-cuts1 publi%$ 9 #aeaj4 ,a p]fect example ( ! ,g]man treatm5t4 ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i1 #aeae4 ,a s]ies ( frescoes ( ! highe/ beauty1 pa9t$ = ! mona/]y ,della ,pace4 ,unhappily we h only ! fragm5ts :i* are pres]v$ 9 ! ,br]a4 ,! s]ies ( bas-reliefs on ! out] %r9e ( ! ,casa di ,loretto1 by ,sansov9o1 & o!rs ( ! greate/ sculptors ( ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! s]ies ( bas-reliefs r\nd ! *oir at ,milan3 sev5te5 subjects4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we (t5 f9d ! ,sev5 ,joys & ! ,sev5 ,sorr[s ( ! ,virg9 treat$ z a s]ies4 ,! ,sev5 ,joys are1 ! ,annunciation1 ! ,visitation1 ! ,nativity1 ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple1 ,*ri/ f\nd by 8 ,"m1 ! ,assumption & ,coronation4 ,! ,sev5 ,sorr[s are1 ! ,prophecy ( ,simeon1 ! ,flight into ,egypt1 ,*ri/ lo/ by 8 ,"m1 ! ,betrayal ( ,*ri/1 ! ,crucifixion 7) ,/4 ,john & ! ,virg9 only pres5t71 ! ,deposition f ! ,cross1 ! ,asc5sion :5 ! ,virg9 is left on e>?4 ,! ,sev5 ,joys & ,sorr[s are frequ5tly f\nd 9 alt>-pieces & religions pr9ts1 arrang$ 9 sep>ate comp>tm5ts1 r\nd ! ,madonna 9 ! c5tre4 ,or !y are comb9$ 9 v>i\s gr\ps into "o l>ge composition1 z 9 a fam\s picture by ,hans ,heml+1 wond]ful = ! poetry1 expression1 & f9i%$ execution4#a ,footnote #a3 ,altoge!r1 on a c>eful consid]ation ( ?is picture1 ,i d n consid] ! title by :i* x is g5]ally kn[n z appropriate4 ,x conta9s man gr\ps :i* w\ld n ent] into ! my/ic joys or sorr[s2 = in/ance1 ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 ,*ri/ at ,emmaus1 ! ,noli me tang]e1 & o!rs4 ,ano!r cycle ( subjects consi/s ( ! fifte5 ,my/]ies ( ! ,ros>y4 ,! five ,joyful ,my/]ies1 are ! ,annunciation1 ! ,visitation1 ! ,nativity1 ! ,purification1 & ,*ri/ f\nd 9 ! ,temple4 ,! five ,dolor\s or ,sorr[ful ,my/]ies are1 our ,"l 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,olives1 ! ,flagellation1 ,*ri/ cr[n$ ) ,?orns1 ! ,procession to ,calv>y1 ! ,crucifixion4 ,! five ,glori\s ,my/]ies are1 ! ,resurrection1 ! ,asc5sion1 ! ,desc5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! ,assumption1 ! ,coronation4 ,a s]ies ( subjects ?us arrang$ _c be call$ /rictly hi/orical1 b p>takes ( ! my/ical & devotional "*4 ,! purpose be+ to excite dev\t m$itation1 requires a p>ticul> s5tim5t1 frequ5tly di/+ui%$ f ! m]ely dramatic & hi/orical treatm5t 9 be+ accompani$ by sa9ts1 vot>ies1 & circum/ances purely ideal2 z :]e ! ,wise ,m5 br+ _! (f]+s1 :ile ,/4 ,luke sits 9 a corn] pa9t+ ! portrait ( ! ,virg91 & ,/4 ,dom9ick kneels 9 adoration ( ! ,my/]y 7,mabuse1 ,muni* ,gal472--& 9 a hundr$ o!r examples4 ,,iv4 ,,titles ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y4 ,( ! v>i\s titles giv5 to ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & !nce to c]ta9 effigies & pictures ( h]1 "s appe> to me v t\*+1 z expressive ( ! wants1 ! aspirations1 ! infirmities & sorr[s1 :i* are common to poor suff]+ humanity1 or ( ^? div9e attributes f :i* !y hop$ to f9d aid & consolation4 ,?us we h-- ,santa ,m>ia del buon ,consilio4 ,our ,lady ( good ,c\nsel4 ,s4,m4 del ,soccorso4 ,our ,lady ( ,succ\r4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,=sak54 ,s4,m4 del buon ,core4 ,our ,lady ( good ,he>t4 ,s4,m4 della ,grazia4 ,our ,lady ( ,grace4 ,s4,m4 di ,mis]icordia4 ,our ,lady ( ,m]cy4 ,s4,m4 ,auxilium ,afflictorum4 ,help ( ! ,afflict$4 ,s4,m4 ,refugium ,peccatorum4 ,refuge ( ,s9n]s4 ,s4,m4 del ,pianto1 del ,dolore4 ,our ,lady ( ,lam5tation1 or ,sorr[4 ,s4,m4 ,consolatrice1 della ,consolazione1 or del ,con=te4 ,our ,lady ( ,consolation4 ,s4,m4 della ,sp]anza4 ,our ,lady ( ,hope4 ,"u ^! & simil> titles %e is invok$ by ! afflict$1 & (t5 repres5t$ ) h] ample robe outspread & upheld by angels1 ) vot>ies & suppliants congregat$ b5ea? its folds4 ,9 ,spa91 ,nue/ra ,seora de la ,m]c$ is ! patroness ( ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy2 & 9 ?is "* %e (t5 holds 9 h] h& small tablets be>+ ! badge ( ! ,ord]4 7,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s1 #b;d edit47 ,s4,m4 della ,lib]ta1 or ,lib]atrice1 ,our ,lady ( ,lib]ty2 & ,s4,m4 della ,cat5a1 ,our ,lady ( ,fett]s4 ,9 ?is "* %e is invok$ by prison]s & captives4 ,s4,m4 del ,p>to1 ,our ,lady ( ,good ,deliv]y1 invok$ by wom5 9 travail4#a ,footnote #a3 ,dante alludes to h] 9 ?is "*3-- ,e p] v5tura udi ',dolce ,m>ia6' ,d9anzi a noi *iam> cosi nel pianto ,come fa donna *e 'n p>torir sia4--,purg4 c4 #bj4 ,s4,m4 del ,popolo4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,p4 ,s4,m4 della ,vittoria4 ,our ,lady ( ,victory4 ,s4,m4 della ,pace4 ,our ,lady ( ,peace4 ,s4,m4 della ,sapi5za1 ,our ,lady ( ,wisdom2 & ,s4,m4 della ,p]sev]anza1 ,our ,lady ( ,p]sev]ance4 7,sometimes plac$ 9 colleges1 ) a book 9 h] h&1 z patroness ( /ud5ts47 ,s4,m4 della ,salute4 ,our ,lady ( ,heal? or ,salvation4 ,"u ?is title pictures & *ur*es h be5 d$icat$ aft] ! cessation ( a plague1 or any o!r public calamity4#a ,footnote #a3 ,!re is also some:]e 9 ,france a *apel d$icat$ to ,notre ,dame de la ,ha9e4 ,o!r titles are d]iv$ f p>ticul> circum/ances & accessories1 z-- ,s4,m4 del ,presepio1 ,our ,lady ( ! ,cradle2 g5]ally a ,nativity1 or :5 %e is ador+ h] ,*ild4 ,s4,m4 della ,scodella--) ! cup or porr+]1 :]e %e is tak+ wat] f a f\nta92 g5]ally a ,riposo4 ,s4,m4 dell' ,libro1 :]e %e holds ! ,book ( ,wisdom4 ,s4,m4 della ,c9tola1 ,our ,lady ( ! ,girdle1 :]e %e is ei!r giv+ ! ,girdle to ,/4 ,?omas1 or :]e ! ,*ild holds x 9 8 h&4 ,s4,m4 della ,lett]a4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,lett]4 ,?is is ! title giv5 to ,our ,lady z protectress ( ! city ( ,mess9a4 ,accord+ to ! ,sicilian leg5d1 %e hon\r$ ! p ( ,mess9a by writ+ a lett] to !m1 dat$ f ,j]usalem1 9 ! ye> ( h] ,son1 #db4 ,9 ! effigies ( ! ,madonna della ,lett]a1 %e holds ?is lett] 9 h] h&4 ,s4,m4 della ,rosa4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,rose4 ,a title giv5 to sev]al pictures1 9 :i* ! rose1 :i* is consecrat$ to h]1 is plac$ ei!r 9 h] h&1 or 9 t ( ! ,*ild4 ,s4,m4 della ,/ella4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,/>4 ,%e we>s ! /> z "o ( h] attributes embroid]$ on h] mantle4 ,s4,m4 del ,fiore4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,fl[]4 ,%e has ?is title especially z protectress ( ,flor5ce4 ,s4,m4 della ,sp9a4 ,%e holds 9 h] h& ! cr[n ( ?orns1 & "u ?is title is ! protectress ( ,pisa4 ,s4,m4 del ,ros>io4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,ros>y1 ) ! my/ic /r+ ( beads4 ,i d n rememb] any in/ance ( ! ,ros>y plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! ,virg9 or ! ,*ild till aft] ! battle ( ,lepanto 7#aega71 & ! in/itution ( ! ,fe/ival ( ! ,ros>y1 z an act ( ?anksgiv+4 ,aft] ?is "t pictures ( ! ,madonna del ,ros>io ab\nd1 & may g5]ally be f\nd 9 ! ,dom9ican *ur*es4 ,!re is a fam\s example by ,guido 9 ! ,bologna ,gall]y1 & a v beautiful "o by ,murillo 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y4 ,s4,m4 del ,c>m9e4 ,our ,lady ( ,m\nt ,c>mel4 ,%e is protectress ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,c>melites1 & is (t5 repres5t$ hold+ 9 h] h& small tablets1 on :i* is ! effigy ( h]self ) ! ,*ild4 ,s4,m4 de ,belem4 ,our ,lady ( ,be?lehem4 ,"u ?is title %e is ! patroness ( ! ,j]onymites1 pr9cipally 9 ,spa9 & ,portugal4 ,s4,m4 della ,neve4 ,our ,lady ( ! ,sn[4 ,9 ,spa91 ,s4 ,m>ia la ,blanca4 ,to ?is leg5d ( ! sn[ ! magnific5t *ur* ( ,s4,m4 ,maggiore at ,rome is said to owe its orig94 ,a c]ta9 ,roman patrician1 ^: "n 0 ,john 7,giovanni ,patricie71 be+ *ildless1 pray$ ( ! ,virg9 to direct him h[ be/ to be/[ 8 worldly weal?4 ,%e appe>$ to him 9 a dream on ! night ( ! fif? ( ,augu/1 #ceb1 & comm&$ him to build a *ur* 9 h] hon\r1 on a spot :]e sn[ w\ld be f\nd ! next morn+4 ,! same vision hav+ appe>$ to 8 wife & ! reign+ pope1 ,lib]ius1 !y repair$ 9 procession ! next morn+ to ! summit ( ,m\nt ,esquil9e1 :]e1 not)/&+ ! heat ( ! wea!r1 a l>ge pat* ( gr\nd 0 miracul\sly cov]$ ) sn[1 & on x ,lib]ius trac$ out ) 8 crosi] ! plan ( ! *ur*4 ,?is /ory has be5 (t5 repres5t$ 9 art1 & is easily recogniz$2 b x is curi\s t ! two mo/ beautiful pictures consecrat$ to ! hon\r ( ! ,madonna della ,neve are ,spani% & n ,roman1 & 7 pa9t$ by ,murillo ab\t ! "t t ,philip ,,iv4 ( ,spa9 s5t ri* (f]+s to ! *ur* ( ,s4,m4 ,maggiore1 ?us giv+ a k9d ( popul>ity to ! leg5d4 ,! picture repres5ts ! patrician ,john & 8 wife asleep1 & ! ,vision ( ! ,virg9 7"o ( ! lovelie/ ev] pa9t$ by ,murillo7 break+ ^u !m 9 spl5d\r ?r\gh ! d>kness ( ! night2 :ile 9 ! dim di/ance is se5 ! ,esquil9e 7or :at is meant = x7 cov]$ ) sn[4 ,9 ! second picture1 ,john & 8 wife are kneel+ be=e ! pope1 a gr& old ecclesia/ic1 l "o ( ,titian's pontiffs4 ,^! pictures1 aft] be+ c>ri$ (f by ! ,fr5* f ! little *ur* ( ,s4,m4 la ,blanca at ,seville1 are n[ 9 ! royal gall]y at ,madrid4 ,s4 ,m>ia di ,loretto4 ,our ,lady ( ,loretto4 ,! orig9 ( ?is title is ! fam\s leg5d ( ! ,santa ,casa1 ! h\se at ,naz>e?1 :i* 0 ! bir?place ( ! ,virg91 & ! sc5e ( ! ,annunciation4 ,dur+ ! incursions ( ! ,s>ac5s1 ! ,santa ,casa be+ ?reat5$ ) pr(anation1 if n de/ruction1 0 tak5 up by ! angels & convey$ ov] l& & sea till x 0 set d[n on ! coa/ ( ,dalmatia2 b n be+ safe !re1 ! angels aga9 took x up1 &1 be>+ x ov] ! ,adriatic1 set x d[n 9 a grove ne> ,loretto4 ,b c]ta9 wick$ brig&s hav+ di/urb$ its sacr$ quietude by /rife & murd]1 ! h\se aga9 *ang$ its place1 & 0 at l5g? set d[n on ! spot :]e x n[ /&s4 ,! date ( ?is miracle is plac$ 9 #abie4 ,! ,madonna di ,loretto is usually repres5t$ z seat$ ) ! div9e ,*ild on ! ro( ( a h\se1 :i* is su/a9$ at ! corn]s by f\r angels1 & ?us borne ov] sea & l&4 ,f ! celebrity ( ,loretto z a place ( pilgrimage ?is repres5tation became popul>1 & is (t5 f\nd 9 *apels d$icat$ to our ,lady ( ,loretto4 ,ano!r effigy ( our ,lady ( ,loretto is m]ely a copy ( a v old ,greek ,virg9 & ,*ild1 :i* is en%r9$ 9 ! ,santa ,casa4 ,s4,m4 del ,pill>1 ,our ,lady ( ! ,pill>1 is protectress ( ,s>agossa4 ,accord+ to ! ,leg5d1 %e desc5d$ f heav5 /&+ on an alaba/] pill>1 & ?us appe>$ to ,/4 ,james 7,santiago7 :5 he 0 prea*+ ! gospel 9 ,spa94 ,! miracul\s pill> is pres]v$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,s>agossa1 & ! leg5d appe>s frequ5tly 9 ,spani% art4 ,also 9 a v int]ior picture by ,nicolo ,p\ss91 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s celebrat$ pictures are individually di/+ui%$ by titles d]iv$ f "s p>ticul> object 9 ! composition1 z ,raphael's ,madonna de ,impannata1 s call$ f ! w9d[ 9 ! back gr\nd be+ p>tly %ad$ ) a piece ( l95 79 ! ,pitti ,pal41 ,flor5ce72 ,correggio's ,vi]ge au ,pani]1 s call$ f ! "w-basket :i* /&s beside h] 79 our ,nat ,gal472 ,murillo's ,virg5 de la ,s]villeta1 ! ,virg9 ( ! ,napk91 9 allusion to ! d9n] napk9 on :i* x 0 pa9t$4#a ,o!rs are d5om9at$ f c]ta9 localities1 z ! ,madonna di ,foligno 7n[ 9 ! ,vatican72 o!rs f ! names ( families to :om !y h belong$1 z ,la ,madonna della ,famiglia ,/affa1 at ,p]ugia4 ,footnote #a3 ,!re is a beautiful engrav+ 9 ,/irl+'s ,annals ( ! ,arti/s ( ,spa94 99 99 99 99 99 ,^? visions & miracles ) :i* ! ,virg9 ,m>y fav\r$ _m ( ! sa9ts1 z ,/4 ,luke 7:o 0 h] secret>y & pa9t]71 ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ,/4 ,francis1 ,/4 ,h]man1 & o!rs1 h already be5 relat$ 9 ! =m] volumes1 & ne$ n be repeat$ "h4 ,) reg>d to ! *ur*es d$icat$ to ! ,virg91 ,i %all n attempt to enum]ate ev5 ! mo/ rem>kable1 z almo/ e t[n 9 ,*ri/ian ,europe conta9s "o or m be>+ h] "n4 ,! mo/ anci5t ( :i* tradition speaks1 0 a *apel beyond ! ,tib]1 at ,rome1 :i* is said to h be5 f\nd$ 9 #bag1 on ! site :]e ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,tra/ev]e n[ /&s4 ,b !re are "o or two :i* c>ry _! pret5sions mu* high]2 = ! ca!dral at ,tol$o & ! ca!dral at ,*>tres bo? claim ! hon\r ( hav+ be5 d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 :ile %e 0 yet alive4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ,engl& we h #b1abj *ur*es d$icat$ 9 h] hon\r2 & "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ important ( ! ,london p>i%es be>s h] "n--,/4 ,m>ie-la-bonne 99 99 99 99 99 ,brief & inadequate z are ^! introductory notices1 !y w1 ,i hope1 facilitate ! compreh5sion ( ! critical details into :i* x has be5 necess>y to ent] 9 ! foll[+ pages1 & l5d "s new int]e/ to ! subjects describ$4 ,i h he>d ! arti/ic treatm5t ( ! ,madonna /yl$ a monoton\s !me2 & to ^? :o see only ! p]petual it]ation ( ! same gr\ps on ! walls ( *ur*es & gall]ies1 v>i$ z !y may suppose only by ! fancy ( ! pa9t]1 x may seem s4 ,b beyond ! visible =ms1 !re lies mu* t is sugge/ive to a ?9k+ m9d--to ! lov] ( ,art a high] significance1 a deep] beauty1 a m v>i\s int]e/1 ?an c\ld at fir/ be imag9$4 ,9 fact1 ! greate/ mi/akes 9 po9t ( ta/e arise 9 g5]al f n kn[+ :at we ought to dem& ( ! arti/1 n only 9 reg>d to ! subject express$1 b ) ref]5ce to ! times 9 :i* he liv$1 & 8 own individuality4 ,an axiom :i* ,i h he>d confid5tly set =?1 t a picture is wor? no?+ unless he :o runs may read1 has inundat$ ! _w ) frivol\s & p$antic criticism4 ,a picture or any o!r "w ( ,art1 is wor? no?+ except 9 s f> z x has emanat$ f m9d1 & is address$ to m9d4 ,x %\ld1 inde$1 be read l a book4 ,pictures1 z x has be5 well said1 are ! books ( ! unlett]$1 b !n we mu/ at lea/ und]/& ! language 9 :i* !y are writt54 ,& fur!r1--if1 9 ! old times1 x 0 a species ( idolatry to reg>d ^! beautiful repres5tations z endu$ ) a specific sanctity & p[]2 s1 9 ^! days1 x is a sort ( a!ism to look ^u !m reckless ( _! significance1 reg>dless ( ! influ5ces ?r\gh :i* !y 7 produc$1 )\t ackn[l$gm5t ( ! m9d :i* call$ !m into be+1 )\t ref]5ce to ! int5tion ( ! arti/ 9 8 own creation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,supplem5t>y ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,i4 ,9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 only a pass+ allusion 0 made to ^? female effigies1 by "s /yl$ la donna orante 7! ,pray+ ,woman7 & by o!rs suppos$ to repres5t ,m>y ! ,"m ( our ,"l1 ( :i* s _m examples exi/ 9 ! ,catacombs & 9 ! sculptur$ gr\ps on ! anci5t ,*ri/ian s>cophagi4 ,i "k x has long be5 a disput$1 or at lea/ an unsettl$ & d\btful po9t1 z to :e!r c]ta9 female figures exi/+ on ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian monum5ts 7 or 7 n int5d$ to repres5t ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! ,prote/ants1 on ! "o h&1 z if /ill inspir$ by t sup]/ition aga9/ sup]/ition :i* l$ to ! viol5t & vulg> de/ruction ( s _m beautiful works ( art1 & ! ,ca?olics on ! o!r1 jeal\s to ma9ta9 ! au!nticity ( ^! figures z a te/imony to ! anci5t wor%ip ( ! ,virg91 bo? appe> to me to h tak5 an exagg]at$ & prejudic$ view ( a subject :i* ought to be consid]$ dispassionately on purely antiqu>ian & critical gr\nds4 ,hav+ _h ! opportunity1 dur+ a late resid5ce 9 ,italy1 ( reconsid]+ & comp>+ a great numb] ( ^! antique repres5tations1 & hav+ he>d ! op9ions ( antiqu>ians1 !ologians1 & arti/s1 :o _h giv5 _! att5tion to ! subject1 & :o occasionally diff]$ f ea* o!r z to ! weight ( evid5ce1 ,i h arriv$ at ! conviction1 t "s ( ^! effigies repres5t ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & o!rs d n4 ,i confess ,i d n believe 9 any au!ntic repres5tation ( ! ,virg9 hold+ ! ,div9e ,*ild old] ?an ! six? c5tury1 except :5 introduc$ into ! gr\ps ( ! ,nativity & ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,magi4 ,previ\s to ! ,ne/orian controv]sy1 ^! mat]nal effigies1 z objects ( devotion1 71 ,i /ill believe1 unkn[n1 b ,i _c und]/& :y !re %\ld exi/ among ,prote/ants1 s /rong a disposition to discr$it e repres5tation ( ,m>y ! ,"m ( our ,"l to :i* a high antiquity _h be5 assign$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,we "k t z e>ly z ! second c5tury1 n only symbolical figures ( our ,"l1 b figures ( c]ta9 p]sonages ( holy life1 z ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 ,agnes ! ,roman1 & ,euphemia ! ,greek1 m>tyr1 did c]ta9ly exi/4 ,! critical & hi/orical te/imony ,i h giv5 else:]e4 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 ,:y !re=e %\ld !re n h exi/$ effigies ( ! ,"m ( ,*ri/1 ( ! ,woman highly bless$1 ! subject ( s _m prophecies1 & naturally ! object ( a t5d] & j v5]ation among ! e>ly ,*ri/ians8 ,x seams to me t no?+ c\ld be m likely1 & t su* repres5tations ought to h a deep int]e/ = all ,*ri/ians1 no matt] ( :at d5om9ation--= all1 9 tru?1 :o believe t ! ,savi\r ( ! _w _h a good ,"m1 ,8 only e>?ly p>5t1 :o br\ght ,him =?1 nurtur$ & lov$ ,him4 ,t x %\ld be consid]$ a po9t ( fai? ) ,prote/ants to treat su* memorials ) incr$ulity & ev5 d]ision1 appe>s to me mo/ inconsi/5t & unacc\ntable1 ?\gh ,i confess t betwe5 ^! simple primitive memorials & ! sumptu\s ta/eless column & image rec5tly erect$ at ,rome !re is a v wide m>g9 ( disputable gr\nd1 ( :i* ,i %all say no m 9 ?is place4 ,b to return to ! antique conception ( ! ,donna orante or s-call$ ,virg9 ,"m1 ,i w m5tion "h only ! moat rem>kable examples2 = to ent] fully into ! subject w\ld occupy a volume 9 itself4 ,!re is a figure (t5 met ) 9 ! ,catacombs & on ! s>cophagi ( a maje/ic woman /&+ ) outspread arms 7! anci5t attitude ( pray]71 or hold+ a book or scroll 9 h] h&4 ,:5 ?is figure /&s alone & unaccompani$ by any attribute1 ,i ?9k ! signification d\btful3 b 9 ! ,catacomb ( ,/4 ,ciriaco !re is a pa9t$ figure ( a woman1 ) arms outspread & su/a9$ on ea* aide by figures1 evid5tly ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul2 on ! s>cophagi ! same figure frequ5tly occurs2 & !re are o!r examples c]ta9ly n lat] ?an ! ?ird & f\r? c5tury4 ,t ^! repres5t ,m>y ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ ,i h n ! lea/ d\bt2 ,i ?9k x has be5 fully demon/rat$ t no o!r ,*ri/ian woman c\ld h be5 s repres5t$1 consid]+ ! mann]s & habits ( ! ,*ri/ian community at t p]iod4 ,!n ! attitude & type are precisely simil> to ^? ( ! anci5t ,byzant9e ,madonnas & ! ,italian mosaics ( ,ea/]n workman%ip1 prov+1 z ,i ?9k1 t !re exi/$ a common traditional orig9al = ?is figure1 ! idea ( :i* has be5 pres]v$ & transmitt$ 9 ^! e>ly copies4 ,fur!r3--!re exi/ 9 ! ,roman museums _m fragm5ts ( anci5t glass f\nd 9 ! ,*ri/ian tombs1 on :i* are rudely pictur$ 9 col\rs figures exactly simil>1 & hav+ ! "n ,,m>ia inscrib$ above !m4 ,on "o ( ^! fragm5ts ,i f\nd ! same female figure betwe5 two male figures1 ) ! names inscrib$ ov] !m1 ,,m>ia4 ,,petrvs4 ,,pavlvs41 g5]ally 9 ! rude/ & mo/ imp]fect /yle1 z if issu+ f "s co>se manufacture2 b %[+ t !y h _h a common orig9 ) ^? f> sup]ior figures 9 ! ,catacombs & on ! s>cophagi1 :ile ! inscrib$ names leave no d\bt z to ! significance4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are simil> fragm5ts ( co>se glass f\nd 9 ! ,catacombs--ei!r lamps or small vases1 be>+ ! same female 9 ! attitude ( pray]1 & sup]scrib$ 9 rude lett]s1 ,,dulcis ,,anima ,,pie ,,zeses ,,vivas4 7,,zeses in/ead ( ,,jesus47 ,su* may1 possibly1 repres5t1 n ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 b ! ,*ri/ian matron or m>tyr buri$ 9 ! tomb2 at lea/1 ,i consid] !m z d\btful4 ,! ,cavali]e ,rossi1 ^: celebrity z an antiqu>ian is n m]ely ,italian1 b ,european1 & ^: imp>tiality c h>dly be d\bt$1 told me t a ,*ri/ian s>cophagus _h lately be5 discov]$ at ,sa9t-,maxime1 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 on :i* !re is ! same gr\p ( ! female figure pray+1 & ov] x ! "n ,,m>ia4 ,i ought to add1 t on "o ( ^! s>cophagi1 be>+ ! (t repeat$ subject ( ! good ,%eph]d fe$+ ,8 %eep1 ,i f\nd1 z ! companion gr\p1 a female figure 9 ! act ( fe$+ birds :i* are flutt]+ to h] feet4 ,x is n d\bt$ t ! good ,%eph]d is ! symbol ( ! b5efic5t ,*ri/2 :e!r ! female figure repres5t ! ,virg9-"m1 or is to be reg>d$ m]ely z a g5]al symbol ( female b5efic5ce1 plac$ on a p> ) t ( ,*ri/ 79 ,8 human "*71 ,i w n pret5d to decide4 ,x is equally t\*+ & beautiful 9 ei!r significance4 ,?ree examples ( ^! figures occur to me4 ,! fir/ is f a ,*ri/ian s>cophagus ( e>ly date1 & 9 a good /yle ( art1 probably ( ! ?ird c5tury--x is a noble figure1 9 ! attitude ( pray]1 & sep>at$ f ! o!r gr\ps by a palm-tree on ea* side--at h] feet is a bird 7p]haps a dove1 ! anci5t symbol ( ! releas$ s\l71 & scrolls :i* repres5t ! gospel4 ,i reg>d ?is figure z d\btful2 x may possibly be ! effigy ( a ,*ri/ian matron1 :o 0 int]r$ 9 ! s>cophagus4 ,! second example is also f a s>cophagus4 ,x is a figure hold+ a scroll ( ! gospel1 & /&+ betwe5 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul2 on ea* side 79 ! orig9al7 !re are gr\ps express+ ! b5efic5t miracles ( our ,"l4 ,?is figure1 ,i believe1 repres5ts ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,9 ! ?ird example1 ! conspicu\s female figure is comb9$ ) ! s]ies ( gr\ps on ea* side4 ,%e /&s ) h&s outspread1 9 ! attitude ( pray]1 betwe5 ! two apo/les1 :o seem to su/a9 h] arms4 ,on "o side is ! miracle ( ! wat] *ang$ into w9e2 on ! o!r side1 ,*ri/ heal+ ! woman :o t\*$ ,8 g>m5t2 bo? ( p]petual recurr5ce 9 ^! sculptures4 ,( ^! gr\ps ( ! miracles & actions ( ,*ri/ on ! e>ly ,*ri/ian s>cophagi1 ,i %all give a full acc\nt 9 ! ,hi/ory ( our ,"l1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! f9e arts2 at pres5t ,i conf9e myself to ! female figure :i* takes ?is conspicu\s place1 :ile o!r female figures are pro/rate1 or ( a dim9utive size1 to express _! humility or inf]iority2 & ,i h no d\bt t ?us situat$ x is int5d$ to repres5t ! woman :o 0 highly hon\r$ z well z highly bless$--! ,"m ( our ,savi\r4 ,i h come !re=e to ! conclusion1 t :ile _m ( ^! figures h a c]ta9 significance1 o!rs are unc]ta94 ,:]e ! figure is isolat$1 or plac$ )9 a frame or bord]1 l ! memorial bu/s & effigies on ! ,pagan s>cophagi1 ,i ?9k x may be reg>d$ z probably commemorat+ ! ,*ri/ian m>tyr or matron entomb$ 9 ! s>cophagus2 b :5 !re is no division1 :]e ! figure =ms "p ( a cont9u\s s]ies ( gr\ps1 express+ ! "* & miracles ( ,*ri/1 ,i believe t x repres5ts ,8 "m4 ,,ii4 ,! ,,borghese ,,*apel1 9 ! *ur*1 ( ,/4 ,m>ia ,maggiore at ,rome1 0 d$icat$ to ! hon\r ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y by ,paul ,v4 7,borghese71 9 #afaa--! same ,pope :o 9 #afae promulgat$ ! fam\s ,bull relative to ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,! s*eme ( decoration 9 ?is gorge\s *apel is v rem>kable1 z te/ify+ to ! developm5t :i* ! !ological idea ( ! ,virg91 z ! ,sposa or p]sonifi$ ,*ur*1 _h atta9$ at ?is p]iod1 & because x is n1 z 9 o!r examples1 ei!r hi/orical or devotional1 b purely doctr9al4 ,z we ent]1 ! pr(usion ( ornam5t1 ! spl5d\r ( col\r1 m>bles1 gild+1 f ! pavem5t "u our feet to ! summit ( ! l(ty dome1 are really dazzl+4 ,fir/1 & elevat$ above all1 we h ! ,madonna della ,concezione1 ,our ,lady ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 9 a glory ( light1 su/a9$ & surr\nd$ by angels1 hav+ ! cresc5t "u h] feet1 accord+ to ! approv$ treatm5t4 ,b5ea?1 r\nd ! dome1 we read 9 conspicu\s lett]s ! text f ! ,revelations3--,,signum4 ,,magnum4 ,a,p,p,a,r,a,vl,t4 ,,9 ,,coelo4 ,,muli]4 ,,amicta4 ,,sole4 ,,et4 ,,luna4 ,,sub4 ,,p$ibus4 ,,ejus4 ,,et4 ,,9 ,,capite4 ,,ejus1 ,,corona4 ,,/ell>um4 ,,duodecim4 7,rev4 xii4 #a47 ,l[] d[n is a second inscription1 express+ ! d$ication4 ,,m>i4 ,,*ri/i4 ,,matri4 ,,semp]4 ,,virg9i4 ,,paulus4 ,,qu9tus4,p4,m4 ,! decorations b5ea? ! cornice consi/ ( eighte5 l>ge frescoes1 & six /atues 9 m>ble1 above life size4 ,beg9n+ ) ! frescoes1 we h ! subjects arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ ord]3-- #a4 ,! f\r great prophets1 ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 & ,daniel1 9 _! usual place 9 ! f\r p5d5tives ( ! dome4 7v4 ,! ,introduction47 #b4 ,two l>ge frescoes4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! ,vision ( ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1#a & ,h]etics bitt5 by ,s]p5ts4 ,9 ! second1 ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e & ,/4 ,ildefonso miracul\sly rew>d$ = def5d+ ! ,maje/y ( ! ,virg94 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 ,footnote #a3 ,/4 ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 ,bi%op ( ,pontus 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 0 fav\r$ by a vision ( ! ,tr9ity1 :i* enabl$ him to confute & utt]ly subdue ! ,sabellian h]etics--! ,unit>ians ( 8 "t4 #c4 ,a l>ge fresco1 repres5t+ ! f\r ,doctors ( ! ,*ur* :o _h especially writt5 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg93 viz4 ,ir5eus & ,cyprian1 ,ignatius & ,!ophilus1 gr\p$ two & two4 #d4 ,/4 ,luke1 :o pa9t$ ! ,virg91 & ^: gospel conta9s ! be/ acc\nt ( h]4 #e4 ,z spiritual conqu]ors 9 ! "n ( ! ,virg91 ,/4 ,dom9ic & ,/4 ,francis1 ea* att5d$ by two companions ( 8 ,ord]4 #f4 ,z milit>y conqu]ors 9 ! "n ( ! ,virg91 ! ,emp]or ,h]aclius1 & ,n>ses1 ! g5]al aga9/ ! ,arians4 #g4 ,a gr\p ( ?ree female figures1 repres5t+ ! ?ree fam\s sa9tly pr9cesses :o 9 m>riage pres]v$ _! virg9ity1 ,pul*]ia1 ,edeltruda 7our fam\s que5 ,e!lr$a71 & ,cunegunda4 7,= ! leg5ds ( ,cunegunda & ,e!lr$a1 see ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s47 #h4 ,a gr\p ( ?ree le>n$ ,bi%ops1 :o _h especially def5d$ ! immaculate purity ( ! ,virg91 ,/4 ,cyril1 ,/4 ,anselm1 & ,/4 ,d5is 7874 #i4 ,! mis]able ends ( ^? :o 7 oppos$ to ! hon\r ( ! ,virg94 #a4 ,! dea? ( ,julian ! ,apo/ate1 v oddly repres5t$2 he lies on an alt>1 transfix$ by an arr[1 z a victim2 ,/4 ,m]curius 9 ! air4 7,= ?is leg5d see ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 #b4 ,! dea? ( ,leo ,,iv41 :o de/roy$ ! effigies ( ! ,virg94 #c4 ,! dea? ( ,con/ant9e ,,iv41 also a fam\s iconocla/4 ,! /atues :i* are plac$ 9 ni*es are-- #a1 #b4 ,/4 ,joseph1 z ! nom9al husb&1 & ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 z ! nom9al son ( ! ,virg92 ! latt]1 also1 z prophet & poet1 ) ref]5ce to ! passage 9 ! ,revelation1 c4 xii4 #a4 #c1 #d4 ,a>on1 z prie/ly ance/or 7because 8 w& blossom$71 & ,david1 z k+ly ance/or ( ! ,virg94 #e1 #f4 ,/4 ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 :o 0 pres5t at ! dea? ( ! ,virg91 & ,/4 ,b]n>d1 :o compos$ ! fam\s ,salve ,reg9a 9 h] hon\r4 ,su* is ?is gr& sy/ematic s*eme ( decoration1 :i*1 to ^? :o reg>d x cursorily1 is m]ely a sumptu\s confusion ( col\rs & =ms1 or at be/1 a f9e example ( ! ,guido s*ool & ,b]n9o4 ,x is altoge!r a v complete & magnific5t specim5 ( ! preval5t /yle ( art1 & a v compreh5sive & sugge/ive expression ( ! preval5t t5d5cy ( ?\ght1 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* f ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 no description ( ?is *apel h ,i ev] se5 ! names & subjects accurately giv53 ! /yle ( art belongs to ! decad5ce1 & ! ta/e be+ worse ?an1 que/ionable1 ! p]vad+ doctr9al idea has be5 neglect$1 or nev] und]/ood4 ,,iii4 ,^? pictures :i* repres5t ! ,virg9 ,m>y kneel+ be=e ! cele/ial ?rone1 :ile ! ,,padre ,,et]no or ! ,,messiah ext5ds 8 h& or 8 sceptre t[>ds h]1 are g5]ally misund]/ood4 ,!y d n repres5t1 ! ,assumption1 nor yet ! reception ( ,m>y 9 ,heav51 z is usually suppos$2 b ! election or pr$e/9ation ( ,m>y z ! immaculate vehicle or tab]nacle ( human r$emption--! e>?ly p>5t ( ! div9e ,savi\r4 ,i h describ$ su* a picture by ,dosso ,dossi1 & ano!r by ,cottignola4 ,a ?ird example may be cit$ 9 a yet m beautiful & celebrat$ picture by ,francia1 n[ 9 ! ,*ur* at ,san ,fr$iano at ,lucca4 ,above1 9 ! glory ( ,heav51 ! ,virg9 kneels be=e ! ?rone ( ! ,creator2 %e is clad 9 regal attire ( purple & crimson & gold2 & %e b5ds h] fair cr[n$ head1 & folds h] h&s ^u h] bosom ) an expression ( meek yet dignifi$ resignation--,behold ! h&maid ( ! ,"l6--accept+1 z woman1 t highe/ glory1 z "m1 t extreme/ grief1 to :i* ! ,div9e w1 z spok5 by ! prophets ( old1 _h call$ h]4 ,bel[1 on ! e>? & to ! "r h&1 /& ,david & ,solomon1 z prophets & k+ly ance/ors3 on ! left h&1 ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,anselm 9 _! episcopal robes4 7,i h m5tion$1 ) reg>d to ! (fice 9 hon\r ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 t ! idea is said to h orig9at$ 9 ,engl&4 ,i %\ld also h add$1 t ,anselm1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 0 its /r5u\s advocate47 ,ea* ( ^! p]sonages holds a scroll4 ,on t ( ,david ! ref]5ce is to ! #d? & #e? v]ses ( ,psalm xxvii4--,9 ! secret ( 8 tab]nacle he %all hide me4 ,on t ( ,solomon is ! text f 8 ,song1 *4 iv4 #g4 ,on t ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 a quotation1 ,i presume1 f 8 works1 b difficult to make out2 x seems to be1 ,9 coelo qualis e/ ,pat]1 talis e/ ,films2 qualis e/ ,filius1 talis e/ ,mat]4 ,on t ( ,/4 ,anselm ! same inscription :i* is on ! picture ( ,cottignola quot$ be=e1 non puto v]e esse4 c41 :i* is1 ,i suppose1 tak5 f 8 works4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua kneels beside ! sepul*re full ( lilies & roses2 %[+ ! picture to h be5 pa9t$ =1 or "u ! influ5ce (1 ! ,franciscan ,ord]2 &1 l o!r pictures ( ! same class1 an attempt to express 9 a visible =m ! idea or promise ( ! r$emption ( ! human race1 z exi/+ 9 ! ,sov]eign ,et]nal ,m9d be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! _w4 ,?is alt>-piece has no date1 b appe>s to h be5 pa9t$ ab\t ! same "t z ! picture 9 our ,national ,gall]y 7,no4 #agi471 :i* came f ! same *ur*4 ,z a "w ( art x is mo/ wond]fully beautiful4 ,! editors ( ! la/ excell5t edition ( ,vas>i speak ( x ) j en?usiasm z ,op]a v]am5te /up5da 9 ogni p>te6 ,! pr$ella b5ea?1 pa9t$ 9 *i>o-oscuro1 is also ( exquisite beauty2 & let u hope t we %all nev] see x sep>at$ f ! great subject1 l a page or a p>agraph torn out ( a book by ignorant & *ildi% collectors4 ,,iv4 ,al?\gh ! ,nativity ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y is "o ( ! great fe/ivals ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ,i h seldom se5 x treat$ z a sep>ate subject & an alt>-piece4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a v rem>kable example 9 ! ,belle ,arti at ,si5a4 ,x is a tripty* enclos$ 9 a framework elaborately c>v$ & gilt1 9 ! ,go?ic /yle4 ,9 ! c5tre comp>tm5t1 ,/4 ,anna lies on a ri* c\* cov]$ ) crimson drap]y2 a graceful female pres5ts an embroid]$ napk91 o!rs ent]1 br++ refre%m5ts1 z usual4 ,9 front1 ?ree att5dants m9i/] to ! ,infant3 "o ( !m is 9 an attitude ( admiration2 on ! "r1 ,joa*im seat$1 ) :ite hair & be>d1 receives ! congratulations ( a "y man :o seems to envy 8 pat]nity4 ,9 ! comp>tm5t on ! "r /& ,/4 ,james ,major & ,/4 ,ca!r9e2 on ! left1 ,/4 ,b>?olomew & ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y 7874 ,?is picture is 9 ! h>d primitive /yle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 by an unkn[n pa9t]1 :o mu/ h liv$1 be=e ,giovanni di ,paolo1 b vividly col\r$1 exquisitely f9i%$1 & full ( s5tim5t & dramatic feel+4 ,,devotional ,,subjects4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,)\t ,,! ,,*ild4 #a4 ,,la ,,v]g9e ,,gloriosa4 #b4 ,l',,incoronata4 #c4 ,,la ,,madonna ,,di ,,mis]icordia4 #d4 ,,la ,,madre ,,dolorosa4 #e4 ,,la ,,concezione4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y4 ,lat4 #a4 ,virgo ,gloriosa4 #b4 ,virgo ,sponsa ,dei4 #c4 ,virgo ,pot5s #d4 ,virgo ,v5]&a4 #e4 ,virgo ,prdic&a4 #f4 ,virgo ,clem5s4 #g4 ,virgo ,sapi5tissima4 #h4 ,sancta ,virgo ,virg9um4 ,ital4 ,la ,v]g9e ,gloriosa4 ,la ,gran ,v]g9e delle ,v]g9i4 ,fr4 ,la ,gr&e ,vi]ge4 ,!re are repres5tations ( ! ,virg91 & among !m "s ( ! e>lie/ 9 exi/5ce1 :i* place h] be=e u z an object ( religi\s v5]ation1 b 9 :i* ! pr$om9ant idea is n t ( h] mat]nity4 ,no d\bt x 0 z ! "m ( ! ,savi\r ,*ri/ t %e 0 orig9ally v5]at$2 b 9 ! mo/ anci5t monum5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ! s>cophagi1 ! rude pa9t+s 9 ! catacombs1 & ! mosaics execut$ be=e ! sev5? c5tury1 %e appe>s simply z a veil$ female figure1 n 9 any respect *>act]iz$4 ,%e /&s1 9 a subord9ate position1 on "o side ( ,*ri/2 ,/4 ,pet] or ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ on ! o!r4 ,:5 ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 came to u f ! ,ea/1 ) x came ! ,greek type--& = ages we _h no o!r--! ,greek classical type1 ) some?+ ( ! ,ori5tal or ,egyptian "*4 ,:5 ?us %e /&s be=e u )\t h] ,son1 & ! apo/les or sa9ts on ea* side tak+ ! subord9ate position1 !n we are to reg>d h] n only z ! "m ( ,*ri/1 b z ! second ,eve1 ! "m ( all suff]+ humanity2 ,,! ,,woman ( ! primeval prophecy ^: issue 0 to bruise ! head ( ! ,s]p5t2 ! ,virg9 pr$e/9$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! _w :o 0 to br+ =? ! ,r$eem] ( ! _w2 ! my/ical ,sp\se ( ! ,canticles2 ! glorifi$ ,bride ( a cele/ial ,bridegroom2 ! receiv$ ,type ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 afflict$ on e>?1 triumphant & cr[n$ 9 heav52 ! mo/ glori\s1 mo/ pure1 mo/ pi\s1 mo/ clem5t1 mo/ sacr$ ,que5 & ,"m1 ,virg9 ( ,virg9s4 ,! =m "u :i* we f9d ?is gr& & my/]i\s idea ( glorifi$ womanhood orig9ally embodi$1 is wond]fully maje/ic & simple4 ,a female figure ( colossal dim5sions1 f> exce$+ 9 proportion all ! att5dant p]sonages & accessories1 /&s imm$iately b5ea? "s figure or emblem repres5t+ almighty p[]3 ei!r x is ! omnipot5t h& /ret*$ out above h]1 hold+ ! cr[n ( immortality2 or x is ! my/ic dove :i* hov]s ov] h]2 or x is ! half-=m ( ,*ri/1 9 ! act ( b5$iction4 ,%e /&s ) arms rais$ & ext5d$ wide1 ! anci5t attitude ( pray]2 or ) h&s m]ely /ret*$ =?1 express+ admiration1 humility1 & dev\t love4 ,%e is attir$ 9 an ample tunic ( blue or :ite1 ) a :ite veil ov] h] head1 ?r[n a little back1 & display+ an oval face ) regul> features1 mild1 dignifi$--sometimes1 9 ! figures ( ! rud] ages1 r /]n & melan*oly1 f ! inability ( ! arti/ to express beauty2 b :5 lea/ beautiful1 & mo/ =mal & motionless1 always reta9+ some?+ ( ! orig9al conception1 & (t5 expressibly /rik+ & maje/ic4 ,! e>lie/ figure ( ?is "* to :i* ,i c ref] is ! mosaic 9 ! oratory ( ,san ,v5anzio1 9 ! ,lat]an1 ! "w ( ,greek arti/s "u ! popes ,john ,,iv4 & ,!odorus1 bo? ,greeks by bir?1 & :o presid$ ov] ! ,*ur* f #fdj to #fdi4 ,9 ! vault ( ! tribune1 ov] ! alt>1 we h fir/1 at ! summit1 a figure ( ,*ri/ half-l5g?1 ) 8 h& ext5d$ 9 b5$iction2 on ea* side1 a wor%ipp+ angel2 bel[1 9 ! c5tre1 ! figure ( ! ,virg9 accord+ to ! anci5t type1 /&+ ) ext5d$ arms1 9 a violet or r d>k-blue tunic & :ite veil1 ) a small cross p5dant on h] bosom4 ,on h] "r h& /&s ,/4 ,paul1 on h] left ,/4 ,pet]2 beyond ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ hold+ a cross1 & ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ hold+ a book2 & beyond ^! aga91 ,/4 ,dom9o & ,/4 ,v5antius1 two m>tyr$ sa9ts1 :o p]i%$ 9 ,dalmatia1 & ^: relics 7 br\ght out ( t c\ntry by ! f\nd] ( ! *apel1 ,john ,,iv41 himself a ,dalmatian by bir?4 ,at ! extremities ( ?is gr\p1 or r l9e ( figures1 /& ! two popes1 ,john ,,iv4 & ,!odorus1 "u :om ! *apel 0 f\nd$ & d$icat$4 ,al?\gh ?is anci5t mosaic has be5 _m times re/or$1 ! orig9al composition rema9s4 ,simil>1 b ( lat] date1 is ! effigy ( ! ,virg9 ov] ! alt> ( ! ar*iepiscopal *apel at ,rav5na4 ,?is mosaic1 ) o!rs ( ,greek "w1 0 br\ght f ! old tribune ( ! ca!dral1 :5 x 0 alt]$ & repair$1 & ! anci5t decorations remov$ or de/roy$4 ,ano!r in/ance1 also1 at ,rav5na1 is ! basso-relievo 9 ,greek m>ble1 & evid5tly ( ,greek workman%ip1 :i* is said to h exi/$ f ! e>lie/ ages1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia-9-,porto-,fuori1 & is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,s4 ,m>ia-9-,porto1 :]e ,i saw x 9 #ahdg4 ,x is probably z old z ! six? or sev5? c5tury4 ,9 ,/4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 9 ! gr& old basilica at ,torcello1 9 ,san ,donate at ,murano1 at ,monreale1 ne> ,pal]mo1 & 9 mo/ ( ! old *ur*es 9 ! ,ea/ ( ,europe1 we f9d simil> figures1 ei!r ,byzant9e 9 orig91 or 9 imitation ( ! ,byzant9e /yle4 ,b ab\t ! middle ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & contempor>y ) ,cimabue1 we f9d ! fir/ indication ( a dep>ture1 ev5 9 ! mosaics1 f ! lifeless1 =mal type ( ,byzant9e art4 ,! e>lie/ example ( a m animat$ treatm5t is1 p]haps1 ! figure 9 ! apsis ( ,/4 ,john ,lat]an4 7,rome47 ,9 ! c5tre is an imm5se cross1 emblem ( salvation2 ! f\r riv]s ( ,p>adise 7! f\r ,gospels7 fl[ f its base2 & ! fai?ful1 figur$ by ! h>t & ! %eep1 dr9k f ^! /reams4 ,bel[ ! cross is repres5t$1 ( a small size1 ! ,new ,j]usalem gu>d$ by an ar*angel4 ,on ! "r /&s ! ,virg91 ( colossal dim5sions4 ,%e places "o h& on ! head ( a dim9utive kneel+ figure1 ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iv41#a by :om ! mosaic 0 d$icat$ ab\t #abij2 ! o!r h&1 /ret*$ =?1 seems to recomm5d ! vot>y to ! m]cy ( ,*ri/4 ,footnote #a3 ,= a m9ute r$uction ( ! :ole composition1 see ,kugl]'s ,h&book1 p4 #aac4 ,full-l5g? effigies ( ! ,virg9 seat$ on a ?rone1 or glorifi$ z que5 ( heav51 or que5 ( angels1 )\t h] div9e ,infant 9 h] arms1 are exce$+ly r>e 9 e age2 n[ & !n to be met ) 9 ! e>ly pictures & illum9ations1 b nev]1 t ,i "k (1 9 ! lat] s*ools ( art4 ,a signal example is ! f9e en?ron$ ,madonna 9 ! ,campo ,santo1 :o receives ,/4 ,rani]i :5 pres5t$ by ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul4 ,on ! ,dalmatica 7or ,deacon's robe7 pres]v$ 9 ! sacri/y ( ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome 7:i* ,"l ,l9dsay well describes z a p]fect example ( ! highe/ /yle ( ,byzant9e art7 7,*ri/ian ,art1 i4 #acf71 ! embroid]y on ! front repres5ts ,*ri/ 9 a gold5 circle or glory1 rob$ 9 :ite1 ) ! y\?ful & be>dless face1 8 eyes look+ into y\rs4 ,he sits on ! ra9b[2 8 left h& holds an op5 book1 inscrib$1 ,come1 ye bless$ ( my ,fa!r6 :ile ! "r is rais$ 9 b5$iction4 ,! ,virg9 /&s on ! "r entirely )9 ! glory2 %e is sweet 9 feature & graceful 9 attitude1 9 h] long :ite robe4 ,! ,bapti/ /&s on ! left outside ! glory4 ,9 pictures repres5t+ ! glory ( heav51 ,p>adise1 or ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 we h ?is idea con/antly repeat$--( ! ,virg9 on ! "r h& ( h] ,son1 b n on ! same ?rone ) him1 unless x be a ,coronation1 :i* is a subject ap>t4 ,9 ! great alt>-piece ( ! bro!rs ,van ,eyck1 ! upp] "p conta9s ?ree comp>tm5ts2#a 9 ! c5tre is ,*ri/1 we>+ ! triple ti>a1 & c>ry+ ! globe1 z ,k+1 z ,prie/1 z ,judge--on ea* side1 z usual1 b 9 sep>ate comp>tm5ts1 ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! ,virg91 a noble que5ly figure1 full ( s]5e dignity & grace1 is seat$ on a ?rone1 & we>s a sup]b cr[n1 =m$ ( lilies1 roses1 & gems1 ov] h] long fair hair4 ,%e is read+ int5tly 9 a book--,! ,book ( ,wisdom4 ,%e is "h ! ,sponsa ,dei1 & ! ,virgo ,sapi5tissima1 ! mo/ wise ,virg94 ,?is is ! only example ,i c recollect ( ! ,virg9 seat$ on ! "r h& ( h] ,son 9 glory1 & hold+ a book4 ,9 e o!r in/ance %e is /&+ or seat$ ) h] h&s jo9$ or cross$ ov] h] bosom1 & h] eyes turn$ t[>ds him4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is well kn[n t ! diff]5t p>ts ( ?is great "w h be5 disp]s$4 ,! ?ree comp>tm5ts m5tion$ "h are at ,b]l94 ,among innum]able examples1 ,i w cite only "o1 p]haps ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all1 & famili>1 x may be presum$1 to mo/ ( my read]s1 ?\gh p]haps !y may n h reg>d$ x ) ref]5ce to ! "* & position giv5 to ! ,virg94 ,x is "o ( ! f\r great frescoes ( ! ,cam]a della ,segnatura1 9 ! ,vatican1 exhibit+ ! f\r highe/ objects ( m5tal culture--,!ology1 ,poetry1 ,philosophy1 & ,jurisprud5ce4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^!1 commonly1 b errone\sly1 call$ ,la ,disputa dell' ,sacram5to1 ,raphael has comb9$ into "o great sc5e ! :ole sy/em ( !ology1 z set =? by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 x is a sort ( concordance betwe5 heav5 & e>?--betwe5 ! cele/ial & t]re/rial witnesses ( ! tru?4 ,! c5tral gr\p above %[s u ! ,r$eem] ( ! _w1 seat$ ) ext5d$ arms1 hav+ on ! "r ! ,virg9 9 h] usual place1 & on ! left1 also 9 8 accu/om$ place1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/2 bo? seat$1 & ne>ly on a level ) ,*ri/4 ,! ,bapti/ is "h 9 8 "* ( ! ,precursor s5t to be> witness to ! light1 t ?r\gh him all m5 might believe4 7,john i4 #g47 ,! ,virg9 is exhibit$1 n m]ely z ! ,"m1 ! ,sposa1 ! ,*ur*1 b z ,,heav5ly ,,wisdom1 = 9 ?is "* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has appli$ to h] ! magnific5t passage 9 ,prov]bs3 ,! ,"l possess$ me 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,8 way1 be=e ,8 works ( old4 ,i 0 set up f ev]la/+1 f ! beg9n+1 or ev] ! e>? 04 ,!n ,i 0 by ,him z "o br\ght up ) ,him1 & ,i 0 daily ,8 delight1 rejoic+ alway be=e ,him4 7,prov4 viii1 #ab-cf1 & ,eccles4 xxiv4 #ae1 #af47 ,no?+ c be m beautiful ?an ! s]5e grace & ! m+l$ maje/y & humility 9 ! figure ( ! ,virg91 & 9 h] c\nt5ance1 z %e looks up ador+ to ! ,f\nta9 ( all light1 all wisdom1 & all goodness4 ,above ! pr9cipal gr\p1 is ! emblematical image ( ! ,,fa!r2 bel[ is ! holy ,dove1 9 ! act ( desc5d+ to ! e>?4#a ,footnote #a3 ,= a detail$ description ( ?is fresco1 see ,passavant's ,raphael1 i4 #adj1 & ,kugl]'s ,h&book1 #b;d edit41 :]e a m9ute & beautiful r$uction ( ! :ole composition w give & idea ( ! g5]al design4 ,! ,virg9 alone1 sep>ate f h] ,son1 /&+ or en?ron$ be=e u1 simply z ! ,virg9e ,dea or ,reg9a ,coeli1 is r>ely met ) 9 mod]n art1 ei!r 9 sculpture or pa9t+4 ,i w give1 h[ev]1 "o signal example4 ,9 an alt>-piece pa9t$ by ,cosimo ,rosselli1 = ! ,s]viti at ,flor5ce1 %e /&s alone1 & 9 a maje/ic attitude1 on a rais$ p$e/al4 ,%e holds a book1 & looks upw>d1 to ! ,holy ,dove1 hov]+ ov] h] head2 %e is "h aga9 ! ,virgo ,sapi5ti4 7,fl4 ,gal47 ,on "o side is ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ & ,/4 ,anton9o ( ,flor5ce 7see ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s72 on ! o!r1 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,philip ,b5ozzi2 9 front kneel ,/4 ,m>g>et & ,/4 ,ca!r9e3 all appe> to contemplate ) raptur\s devotion ! vision ( ! ,madonna4 ,! heads & attitudes 9 ?is picture h t "* ( elegance :i* di/+ui%$ ! ,flor5t9e s*ool at ?is p]iod1 )\t any ( ^? extravagances & peculi>ities into :i* ,pi]o (t5 fell2 = ! man _h evid5tly a t\* ( madness1 & 0 z ecc5tric 9 8 works z 9 8 life & conv]sation4 ,! ord] ( ! ,s]viti1 = :om he pa9t$ ?is picture1 0 in/itut$ 9 hon\r ( ! ,virg91 & = h] p>ticul> s]vice1 :i* w acc\nt = ! unusual treatm5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! num]\s--(t5 mo/ beautiful--heads & half-l5g? figures :i* repres5t ! ,virg9 alone1 look+ up ) a dev\t or t5d] expression1 or ) ! head decl9$1 & ! h&s jo9$ 9 pray]1 or cross$ ov] ! bosom ) virg9al humility & mode/y1 belong to ?is class ( repres5tations4 ,9 ! anci5t heads1 mo/ ( :i* are imitations ( ! old ,greek effigies ascrib$ to ,/4 ,luke1 !re is (t5 great simplicity & beauty4 ,:5 %e we>s ! cr[n ov] h] veil1 or be>s a sceptre 9 h] h&1 %e figures z ! que5 ( heav5 7,reg9a ,coeli74 ,:5 su* effigies are att5d$ by ador+ angels1 %e is ! que5 ( angels 7,reg9a ,angelorum74 ,:5 %e is weep+ or hold+ ! cr[n ( ?orns1 %e is ,our ,lady ( ,sorr[1 ! ,mat] ,dolorosa4 ,:5 %e is m]ely veil$1 ) fold$ h&s1 & 9 h] features all ! beauty1 maid5 purity1 & sweetness :i* ! arti/ c\ld r5d]1 %e is simply ! ,bless$ ,virg91 ! ,madonna1 ! ,santa ,m>ia ,v]g9e4 ,su* heads are v r>e 9 ! e>li] s*ools ( art1 :i* seldom repres5t$ ! ,virg9 )\t h] ,*ild1 b became fav\rite /udies ( ! lat] pa9t]s1 & 7 multipli$ & v>i$ to inf9itude f ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,f ^! e trace ( ! my/ical & solemn conception ( antiquity gradually disappe>$2 till1 = ! maje/ic ideal ( womanhood1 we h m]ely inane prett9ess1 or ru/ic1 or ev5 m]etrici\s grace1 ! borr[$ *>ms ( "s e>?ly model4 ,l',,incoronata4 ,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg94 ,lat4 ,coronatio ,beat ,m>i ,virg9is4 ,ital4 ,m>ia coronata dal div9 suo ,figlio4 ,fr4 ,le ,c\ronnem5t de la ,sa9te ,vi]ge4 ,g]4 ,die ,krnung ,m>i4 ,! usual type ( ! ,*ur* triumphant is ! ,,coronation ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 prop]ly s call$1 ,*ri/ 9 ! act ( cr[n+ 8 ,"m2 "o ( ! mo/ popul>1 significant1 & beautiful subjects 9 ! :ole range ( m$ival art4 ,:5 9 a s]ies ( subjects f ! life ( ! ,virg91 s (t5 met ) 9 religi\s pr9ts & 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es1 we f9d h] dea? & h] assumption foll[$ by h] coronation2 :5 ! bi] or s>cophagus & ! twelve apo/les appe> bel[1 :ile heav5 op5s ^u u above2 !n ! repres5tation assumes a k9d ( dramatic "*3 x is ! la/ & mo/ glori\s ev5t ( h] hi/ory4 ,! ,"m1 dy+ on e>?1 is receiv$ into glory by h] ,son :o _h gone be=e h]1 & :o ?us celebrates ! consummation ( 8 victory & h]s4 ,b :5 ! sc5e is treat$ ap>t z a s+le subject2 :51 in/ead ( ! apo/les gaz+ up to heav51 or look+ ) amazem5t into ! tomb f :i* %e _h ris51 we f9d ! l[] "p ( ! composition occupi$ by vot>ies1 patron sa9ts1 or *oral angels2 !n ! subject mu/ be reg>d$ z absolutely devotional & typical4 ,x is n a sc5e or an action2 x is a great my/]y4 ,x is consecrat$ to ! hon\r ( ! ,virg9 z a type ( ! spiritual ,*ur*4 ,! ,esp\s$ is receiv$ into glory & cr[n$ ) ! cr[n ( ev]la/+ life1 exalt$ above angels1 spirits1 & m54 ,9 ?is s5se we mu/ und]/& ! subject :5 we f9d x 9 ecclesia/ical sculpture1 ov] ! doors ( places ( wor%ip1 9 ! decorative c>v+ ( *ur* ut5sils1 9 /a9$ glass4 ,9 _m ( ! ,italian *ur*es !re is a *apel especially d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 9 ?is "*1 call$ la ,capella dell' ,incoronata2 & bo? 9 ,g]many & ,italy x is a frequ5t subject z an alt>-piece4 ,9 all ! mo/ anci5t examples1 x is ,*ri/ only :o places ! cr[n on ! head ( 8 ,"m1 seat$ on ! same ?rone1 & plac$ at 8 "r h&4 ,sometimes we h ! two figures only2 sometimes ! ,padre ,et]no looks d[n1 & ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! =m ( ! dove hov]s above or betwe5 !m4 ,9 "s lat] examples ! ,virg9 is seat$ betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 bo? 9 human =m3 !y place ! cr[n on h] head ea* hold+ x ) "o h&1 ! ,holy ,_s hov]+ above4 ,9 o!r repres5tations ! ,virg9 kneels at ! feet ( ,*ri/2 & he places ! cr[n on h] head1 :ile two or m rejoic+ & ador+ angels make heav5ly music1 or all ,p>adise op5s to ! view2 & !re are examples :]e n only ! *oir ( att5dant angels1 b a va/ assembly ( patri>*s1 sa9ts1 m>tyrs1 fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*--! :ole company ( ! bless$ spirits--assi/ at ?is great c]emony4 ,i w n[ give "s celebrat$ examples ( ! v>i\s /yles ( treatm5t4 ,!re is a gr\p 9 mosaic1 :i* ,i believe to be s+ul> 9 its k9d1 :]e ! ,virg9 is en?ron$1 ) ,*ri/4 ,%e is seat$ at 8 "r h&1 at ! same elevation1 & altoge!r z 8 equal4 ,8 "r arm embraces h]1 & 8 h& re/s on h] %\ld]4 ,%e we>s a gorge\s cr[n1 :i* h] ,son has plac$ on h] br[ ,*ri/ has only ! cruci=m nimbus2 9 8 left h& is an op5 book1 on :i* is inscrib$1 ,v5i1 ,electa mea c4 ,come1 my *os5 "o1 & ,i w place !e ^u my ?rone4 ,! ,virg9 holds a tablet1 on :i* are ! words ,8 "r h& %\ld be "u my head1 & 8 left h& %\ld embrace me4 7,cant4 viii4 #c47 ,! omnipot5t ,h& is /ret*$ =? 9 b5$iction above4 ,"h ! ,virg9 is ! type ( ! ,*ur* triumphant & glorifi$1 hav+ ov]come ! _w2 & ! solemn significance ( ! :ole repres5tation is to be f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,revelations3 ,to him t ov]come? w ,i grant to sit ) me 9 my ?rone1 ev5 z ,i also ov]came & am set d[n ) my ,fa!r 9 8 ?rone4 7,rev4 iii4 #ba47 ,?is mosaic1 9 :i*1 be x obs]v$1 ! ,virg9 is en?ron$ ) ,*ri/1 & embrac$1 n cr[n$1 by him1 is1 ,i believe1 unique ei!r z a picture or a *ur* decoration4 ,x is n old] ?an ! twelf? c5tury1 is v ill execut$1 b is curi\s f ! peculi>ity ( ! treatm5t4 7,rome4 ,s4 ,m>ia 9 ,tra/ev]e47 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! mosaic 9 ! tribune ( ,s4 ,m>ia-,maggiore at ,rome1 p]haps ! e>lie/ example extant ( ! ,coronation1 prop]ly s call$1 ! subject is treat$ ) a gr& & solemn simplicity4 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg91 colossal figures1 are seat$ on ! same regal ?rone )9 a circul> glory4 ,! backgr\nd is blue /udd$ ) gold5 />s4 ,he places ! cr[n on h] head ) 8 "r h&2 9 ! left he holds an op5 book1 ) ! usual text1 ,v5i1 ,electa mea1 et ponam te 9 ?ronum meum1 c4 ,%e b5ds slightly =w>d1 & h] h&s are lift$ 9 adoration4 ,above & ar\nd ! circul> glory ! emblematical v9e tw9es 9 arabesque =m2 among ! bran*es & leaves sit peacocks & o!r birds2 ! peacock be+ ! old emblem ( immortality1 z birds 9 g5]al are emblems ( spirituality4 ,on ea* side ( ! glory are n9e ador+ angels1 repres5t+ ! n9e *oirs ( ! heav5ly hi]>*y2 beyond ^! on ! "r /& ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,francis2 on ! left1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 & ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua2 all ^! figures be+ v small 9 proportion to ^? ( ,*ri/ & ! ,virg94 ,small] /ill1 & q dim9utive 9 comp>ison1 are ! kneel+ figures ( ,pope ,ni*olas ,,iv4 & ,c>d9al ,giacomo ,colonna1 "u ^: auspices ! mosaic 0 execut$ by ,jacopo della ,turrita1 a ,franciscan fri>1 ab\t #abhh4 ,9 front fl[s ! riv] ,jordan1 symbol ( baptism & reg5]ation2 on its %ore /&s ! h>t1 ! emblem ( religions aspiration4 ,und]nea? ! c5tral gr\p is ! inscription1-- ,,m>ia ,,virgo ,,assumpta ,,ad ,,e!rium ,,?alamum ,,9 ,,quo ,,rex ,,regum ,,/ellato ,,s$et ,,solio4 ,! :ole ( ?is va/ & poetical composition is admirably execut$1 & x is ! m curi\s z be+1 p]haps1 "o ( ! e>lie/ examples ( ! glorification ( ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua 7,mona/ic ,ord]s71 :o 7 canoniz$ ab\t ?irty or =ty ye>s be=e4 ,! mosaic1 by ,gaddo ,gaddi 7,flor5ce1 ,a4,d4 #accj71 ov] ! great door 9 ! ca!dral at ,flor5ce1 is some:at diff]5t4 ,*ri/1 :ile plac+ ! cr[n on ! head ( 8 ,"m ) 8 left h&1 blesses h] ) 8 "r h&1 & he appe>s to h laid aside 8 own cr[n1 :i* lies ne> him4 ,! attitude ( ! ,virg9 is also peculi>4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! same ca!dral 7:i* is d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y7 ! circul> w9d[ ( ! *oir opposite to ! mosaic exhibits ! ,coronation4 ,! design1 by ,donatello1 is em95tly f9e & classical4 ,9 a small alt>-piece by ,giotto 7,flor5ce1 ,s4 ,croce71 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg9 are seat$ toge!r on a ?rone4 ,he places ! jewell$ cr[n on h] head ) bo? h&s1 :ile %e b5ds =w>d ) h] h&s cross$ 9 h] lap1 & ! s(te/ expression 9 h] beautiful face1 z if %e z meekly resign$ h]self to ?is hon\r1 z h]et(ore to ! angelic salutation :i* pron\nc$ h] ,bless$3 angels kneel be=e ! ?rone ) c5s]s & (f]+s4 ,9 ano!r1 by ,giotto1 ,*ri/ we>+ a coronet ( gems is seat$ on a ?rone3 ! ,virg9 kneels be=e him ) h&s jo9$3 tw5ty angels ) musical in/rum5ts att5d ar\nd4 ,9 a ,coronation1 by ,pi]o ,laurati1 ! figures ( ,*ri/ & ! ,virg91 seat$ toge!r1 resemble 9 s5tim5t & expression ^? ( ,giotto4 ,! angels are arrang$ 9 a glory ar\nd1 & ! treatm5t is :olly typical4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful & celebrat$ ( ! pictures ( ,angelico da ,fiesole is ! ,coronation n[ 9 ! ,l\vre2 =m]ly x /ood ov] ! high alt> ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,dom9ick at ,fiesole1 :]e ,angelico _h be5 nurtur$1 & made 8 pr(ession z monk4 ,! composition is conceiv$ z a gr& regal c]emony1 b ! be+s :o figure 9 x are t\*$ ) a truly cele/ial grace4 ,! ,r$eem]1 cr[n$ himself1 & we>+ ! erm9e mantle ( an e>?ly mon>*1 is seat$ on a magnific5t ?rone1 "u a ,go?ic canopy1 to :i* !re is an asc5t ( n9e /eps4 ,he holds ! cr[n1 :i* he is 9 ! act ( plac+1 ) bo? h&s1 on ! head ( ! ,virg91 :o kneels be=e him1 ) features ( ! s(te/ & mo/ delicate beauty1 & an expression ( div9e humility4 ,h] face1 se5 9 pr(ile1 is p>tly %ad$ by a long transp>5t veil1 fl[+ ov] h] ample robe ( a delicate crimson1 b5ea? :i* is a blue tunic4 ,on ea* side a *oir ( lovely angels1 clo!d f head to foot 9 spangl$ tunics ( azure & rose-col\r1 ) %9+ w+s1 make cele/ial music1 :ile !y gaze ) looks ( joy & adoration t[>ds ! pr9cipal gr\p4 ,l[] d[n on ! "r ( ! ?rone are eighte51 & on ! left tw5ty-two1 ( ! pr9cipal patri>*s1 apo/les1 sa9ts1 & m>tyrs1 among :om ! wor?ies ( ,angelico's own community1 ,/4 ,dom9ick & ,/4 ,pet] ,m>tyr1 are ( c\rse conspicu\s4 ,at ! foot ( ! ?rone kneel on "o side ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,b5$ict1 ,/4 ,*>lemagne1 ! royal sa9t2 ,/4 ,ni*olas2 & ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as hold+ a p5 7! great lit]>y sa9t ( ! ,dom9ican ord]1 & au?or ( ! ,(fice ( ! ,virg972 on ! left we h a gr\p ( virg9s1 ,/4 ,agnes1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e ) h] :eel1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a1 h] habit spangl$ ) />s2 ,/4 ,cecilia cr[n$ ) h] roses1 & ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ) h] long gold5 hair4#a ,b5ea? ?is great composition runs a bord] or pr$ella1 9 sev5 comp>tm5ts1 conta9+ 9 ! c5tre a ,piet1 & on ea* side ?ree small subjects f ! hi/ory ( ,/4 ,dom9ick1 to :om ! *ur*1 :5ce x 0 tak51 is d$icat$4 ,! spiritual beauty ( ! heads1 ! delicate t9ts ( ! col\r+1 an ineffable *>m ( m+l$ brightness & repose %$ ov] ! :ole1 give to ?is lovely picture an effect l t ( a *ur* hymn1 sung at "s high fe/ival by voices tun$ 9 h>mony--ble/ voices1 utt]+ joy6 ,footnote #a3 ,see ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s1 & ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art1 = an acc\nt ( all ^! p]sonages4 ,9 /rong contra/ ) ! graceful ,italian conception1 is ! ,g]man ,coronation1 n[ 9 ! ,wall]/e9 collection4 7,k5s+ton ,pal47 ,x is suppos$ to h be5 pa9t$ = ,philip ! ,good1 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 ei!r by ,hans ,heml+1 or a pa9t] n inf]ior to him4 ,"h ! ,virg9 is cr[n$ by ! ,tr9ity4 ,%e kneels1 ) an air ( maje/ic humility1 & h&s meekly fold$ on h] bosom1 attir$ 9 simple blue drap]y1 be=e a semicircul> ?rone1 on :i* are seat$ ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 betwe5 !m1 ) outspread w+s1 t\*+ _! m\?s1 ! ,holy ,dove4 ,! ,fa!r a v5]able figure1 we>s ! triple ti>a1 & holds ! sceptre2 ,*ri/1 ) an expression ( suff]+1 holds 9 8 left h& a cry/al cross2 & !y su/a9 betwe5 !m a cr[n :i* !y are ab\t to place on ! head ( ! ,virg94 ,_! gold5 ?rone is adorn$ ) gems1 & ov] x is a glory ( s]aphim1 ) hair1 faces1 & plumage1 all ( a gl[+ r$4 ,! l[] "p ( ?is picture & ! comp>tm5ts on ea* side are fill$ ) a va/ assemblage ( sa9ts1 & m>tyrs1 & holy confessors3 conspicu\s among !m we f9d ! sa9ts mo/ popul> 9 ,fl&]s & ,burgundy--,/4 ,adrian1 ,/4 ,george1 ,/4 ,seba/ian1 ,/4 ,maurice1 clad 9 coats ( mail & cr[n$ ) laurel1 ) o!r k+ly & w>like p]sonages2 ,/4 ,philip1 ! patron ( ,philip ! ,good2 ,/4 ,&rew1 9 ^: hon\r he in/itut$ ! ord] ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece3 & a figure 9 a blue mantle ) a ducal cr[n1 "o ( ! ?ree k+s ( ,cologne1 is suppos$ to repres5t ,duke ,philip himself4 ,x is1 impossible by any description to d ju/ice to ?is wond]ful picture1 z rem>kable = its elaborate workman%ip1 ! my/icism ( ! conception1 ! qua9t elegance ( ! details1 & portrait-l reality ( ! faces1 z t ( ,angelico = its spiritual1 t5d]1 imag9ative grace4 ,!re is a ,coronation by ,viv>9i 7,acad4 ,v5ice71 :i* may be said to comprise 9 itself a :ole sy/em ( !ology4 ,x is "o va/ composition1 n divid$ by comp>tm5ts4 ,9 ! c5tre is a magnific5t c>v$ ?rone su/a9$ by six pill>s1 :i* /& on a l(ty ri*ly ornam5t$ p$e/al4 ,on ! ?rone are seat$ ,*ri/ & ! ,virg92 he is cr[n$1 & places ) bo? h&s a cr[n on h] head4 ,betwe5 !m hov]s ! cele/ial ,dove1 & above !m is se5 ! ,heav5ly ,fa!r 9 lik5ess ( ! ,anci5t ( ,days1 :o pat]nally lays a h& on ! %\ld] ( ea*4 ,ar\nd 8 head & ov] ! ?rone1 are ! n9e *oirs ( angels1 9 sep>ate gr\ps4 ,fir/ & ne>e/1 hov] ! gl[+ s]aphim & *]ubim1 w+$1 b o!rwise =mless4 ,above ^!1 ! ,?rones1 hold+ ! globe ( sov]eignty2 to ! "r1 ! ,dom9ations1 ,virtues1 & ,p[]s2 to ! left1 ! ,pr9c$oms1 ,ar*angels1 & ,angels4 ,bel[ ^!1 on ea* side ( ! ?rone1 ! prophets & patri>*s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 hold+ ea* a scroll4 ,bel[ ^! ! apo/les on twelve ?rones1 six on ea* side1 ea* hold+ ! ,gospel4 ,bel[ ^!1 on ea* side1 ! sa9ts & m>tyrs4 ,bel[ ^!1 aga91 ! virg9s & holy wom54 ,"u ! ?rone1 9 ! space =m$ by ! pill>s1 is se5 a gr\p ( beautiful *ildr5 7n angels71 repres5t+1 ,i ?9k1 ! m>tyr$ ,innoc5ts4 ,!y be> ! in/rum5ts ( ,*ri/'s passion--! cross1 nails1 spe>1 cr[n ( ?orns1 c4 ,on ! /ep bel[ ! p$e/al1 & imm$iately 9 front1 are seat$ ! ,evangeli/s & doctors ( ! ,*ur*2 on ! "r ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke1 & beh9d !m ,/4 ,ambrose & ,/4 ,augu/9e2 on ! left ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,john1 & beh9d !m ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,gregory4 7,see ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art7 ,e "p ( ?is curi\s picture is pa9t$ ) ! utmo/ c>e & delicacy3 ! *ildr5 are exquisite1 & ! heads1 ( :i* !re are at lea/ sev5ty )\t c\nt+ ! angels1 are f9i%$ l m9iatures4 ,?is simple1 & altoge!r typical repres5tation ( ! ,virg9 cr[n$ by ! ,tr9ity 9 human =m1 is 9 a ,fr5* c>v+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ?\gh ill drawn1 !re is consid]able navet 9 ! treatm5t4 ,! ,et]nal ,fa!r we>s1 z is usual1 ! triple ti>a1 ! ,son has ! cross & ! cr[n ( ?orns1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ is di/+ui%$ by ! dove on 8 h&4 ,all ?ree su/a9 ! cr[n ov] ! head ( ! kneel+ ,virg91 ^: tra9 is support$ by two angels4 ,9 a bas-relief ov] a door ( ! ca!dral at ,treves1 ! subject is v simply treat$2 bo? ,*ri/ & ! ,virg9 are /&+1 :i* is unusual1 & beh9d ea* is an angel1 also /&+ & hold+ a cr[n4 ,:]e n m ?an five or six sa9ts are introduc$ z att5dants & accessories1 !y are usually ! patron sa9ts ( ! locality or community1 :i* may be readily di/+ui%$4 ,?us1 #a4 ,9 a ,coronation by ,s&ro ,botticelli1 we f9d bel[1 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,/4 ,john ,gualb]to1 ,/4 ,b]n>do ,c>d9ale4 ,x 0 pa9t$ = ! ,vallombrosian monks4 7,fl4 ,gal47 #b4 ,9 a v f9e example by ,ghirl&ajo1 ,/4 ,dom9ick & ,/4 ,pet] ,m>tyr are conspicu\s3 pa9t$1 ( c\rse1 = ! ,dom9icans4 7,p>is1 ,l\vre47 #c4 ,9 ano!r1 by ,p9turic*io1 ,/4 ,francis is a pr9cipal figure1 ) ,/4 ,bonav5tura & ,/4 ,l\is ( ,t\l\se2 pa9t$ = ! ,franciscans1 or at lea/ = a ,franciscan pope1 ,sixtus ,,iv4 7,rome1 ,vatican47 #d4 ,9 ano!r1 by ,guido1 ! treatm5t diff]s f ! e>ly /yle4 ,! coronation above is small & se5 z a vision2 ! sa9ts bel[1 ,/4 ,b]n>d & ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 are life-size4 ,x 0 pa9t$ = a community ( ,b]n>d9es1 ! monks ( ,monte ,oliveto4 7,bologna1 ,gal47 #e4 ,9 a beautiful little alt>-piece by ,lor5zo di ,cr$i#a1 ! ,virg9 is kneel+ above1 :ile ,*ri/1 seat$1 places ! cr[n on h] head4 ,a glory ( r$ s]aphim surr\nd ! two figures4 ,bel[ are ! fam\s patron sa9ts ( ,c5tral ,italy1 ,/4 ,ni*olas ( ,b>i & ,/4 ,julian ( ,rim9i1 ,/4 ,b>b>a & ,/4 ,*ri/9a4 ,! ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,antony1 9 ! pr$ella1 %[ x to h be5 pa9t$ = a ,franciscan *ur* or *apel1 probably = ! same *ur* at ,ce/ello = :i* ,lor5zo pa9t$ ! ,/4 ,julian & ,/4 ,ni*olas n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,footnote #a3 ,once 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rog]s2 v4 ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art4 ,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 by ,annibale ,c>racci is 9 a _s altoge!r diff]5t1 magnific5tly /udi$4#a ,on high1 ^u a l(ty ?rone :i* ext5ds across ! :ole picture f side to side1 ! ,virg91 a noble maje/ic creature1 9 ! true ,c>racci /yle1 is seat$ 9 ! mid/ z ! pr9cipal figure1 h] h&s fold$ on h] bosom4 ,on ! "r h& sits ! ,fa!r1 on ! left ! ,son2 !y hold a heav5ly cr[n surm\nt$ by />s above h] head4 ,! locality is ! ,empyreum4 ,! audi5ce consi/s ( angels only1 :o circle )9 circle1 fill+ ! :ole space1 & melt+ into an abyss ( light1 *ant hymns ( rejoic+ & t\* cele/ial in/rum5ts ( music4 ,?is picture %[s h[ deeply ,annibale ,c>racci _h /udi$ ,correggio1 9 ! magical *i>o-oscuro1 & ! l(ty b some:at mann]$ grace ( ! figures4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is 0 also 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,rog]s4 ,"o ( ! late/ examples ,i c po9t to is also "o ( ! mo/ simple & gr& 9 conception4 7,madrid ,gal47 ,x is t by ,velasquez1 ! f9e/ p]haps ( ! v few devotional subjects pa9t$ by him4 ,we h "h ! ?ree figures only1 z l>ge z life1 fill+ ! region ( glory1 )\t angels1 witnesses1 or accessories ( any k9d1 except ! small *]ubim b5ea?2 & ! symmetrical treatm5t gives to ! :ole a sort ( sublime effect4 ,b ! heads h ! air ( portraits3 ,*ri/ has a d>k1 e>ne/1 altoge!r ,spani% physiognomy2 ! ,virg9 has d>k hair2 & ! ,padre ,et]no1 ) a long be>d1 has a bald head1--a gross fault 9 ta/e & propriety2 because1 ?\gh ! loose be>d & fl[+ :ite hair may s]ve to typify ! ,anci5t ( ,days1 baldness expresses n m]ely age1 b ! infirmity ( age4 ,rub5s1 also1 pa9t$ a ,coronation ) all 8 own lavi% magnific5ce ( /yle = ! ,jesuits at ,brussels4 ,aft] ! "t ( ,velasquez & ,rub5s1 ! ,immaculate ,conception sup]s$$ ! ,coronation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ent] fur!r into ! endless v>iations ( ?is *>m+ & complex subject w\ld lead u ?r\gh all ! s*ools ( art f ,giotto to ,guido4 ,i h said en\gh to r5d] x intelligible & int]e/+1 & mu/ cont5t myself ) "o or two clos+ memor&a4 #a4 ,! dress ( ! ,virg9 9 a ,coronation is g5]ally spl5did1 too l ! coronation robes ( an e>?ly que51--x is a raim5t ( ne$lework1--a ve/ure ( gold wr\ght ab\t ) div]s col\rs--g5]ally blue1 crimson1 & :ite1 adorn$ ) gold1 gems1 & ev5 erm9e4 ,9 ! ,coronation by ,filippo ,lippi1 at ,spoleto1 %e we>s a :ite robe embroid]$ ) gold5 suns4 ,9 a beautiful little ,coronation 9 ! ,wall]/e9 collection 7,k5s+ton ,pal47 %e we>s a :ite robe embroid]$ ) suns & moons1 ! =m] r$ ) gold5 rays1 ! latt] blue ) col\r$ rays1--p]haps 9 allusion to ! text s (t5 appli$ 9 ref]5ce to h]1 a woman clo!d ) ! sun1 c4 7,rev4 xii4 #a1 or ,cant4 vi4 #aj47 #b4 ,9 ! set ( c>toons = ! tape/ries ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel 7,kugl]'s ,h&book1 ii4 #cid71 z orig9ally prep>$ by ,raphael1 we h ! f\ndation1 ! heav5-be/[$ p[]s1 ! trials & suff]+s ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 exhibit$ 9 ! call+ ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ! conv]sion ( ,/4 ,paul1 ! acts & miracles ( ! apo/les1 ! m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,/eph52 & ! s]ies clos$ ) ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg91 plac$ ov] ! alt>1 z typical ( ! f9al triumph ( ! ,*ur*1 ! completion & fulfilm5t ( all ! promises made to man1 set =? 9 ! exaltation & union ( ! mortal ) ! immortal1 :5 ! human ,"m & h] div9e ,son are reunit$ & seat$ on ! same ?rone4 ,raphael plac$ on "o side ( ! cele/ial gr\p1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 repres5t+ sanctification ?r\gh ! rite ( baptism2 & on ! o!r1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ! g5]al symbol ( sanctification ?r\gh fai? & rep5tance4 ,! c>toon ( ?is gr& symbolical composition1 9 :i* all ! figures 7 colossal1 is unhappily lo/2 ! tape/ry is miss+ f ! ,vatican collection2 two old engrav+s1 h[ev]1 exi/1 f :i* "s idea may be =m$ ( ! orig9al gr\p4 7,passavant's ,rafael1 ii4 #beh47 #c4 ,x w be int]e/+ to rememb] t ! e>lie/ exi/+ impression tak5 f an engrav$ metal plate1 is a ,coronation ( ! ,virg94 ,maso ,f9igu]ra1 a skilful goldsmi? & work] 9 niello1 liv+ at ,flor5ce 9 #adcd1 0 employ$ to execute a pix 7! small casket 9 :i* ! consecrat$ waf] ( ! sacram5t is deposit$71 & he decorat$ x ) a repres5tation ( ! ,coronation 9 pres5ce ( sa9ts & angels1 9 all ab\t ?irty figures1 m9utely & exquisitely engrav$ on ! silv] face4 ,:e!r ,f9igu]ra 0 ! fir/ work] 9 niello to :om x occurr$ to fill up ! l9es cut 9 ! silv] ) a black fluid1 & !n by lay+ on x a piece ( damp pap]1 & =cibly rubb+ x1 take (f ! fac-simile ( 8 design & try its effect be=e ! f9al process1--?is we c n asc]ta92 we only "k t ! impression ( 8 ,coronation is ! e>lie/ specim5 kn[n to exi/1 & gave rise to ! practice ( cutt+ designs on plates ( copp] 7in/ead ( silv]71 = ! purpose ( multiply+ impressions ( !m4 ,! pix f9i%$ by ,maso 9 #adeb is n[ 9 ! ,flor5ce ,gall]y 9 ! ,salle des ,bronzes4 ,! invaluable pr9t1 fir/ ( its species1 exi/s 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is4 ,!re is a v exact fac-simile ( x 9 ,otley's ,hi/ory ( ,engrav+1 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg9 are "h seat$ toge!r on a l(ty ar*itectural ?rone3 h] h&s are cross$ on h] bosom1 & %e b5ds h] meek veil$ head to receive ! cr[n1 :i* h] ,son1 :o we>s a triple ti>a1 places on h] br[4 ,! sa9ts mo/ conspicu\s are ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 patron ( ,flor5ce & ( ! *ur* = :i* ! pix 0 execut$1 & a female sa9t1 ,i believe ,/4 ,rep>ata1 bo? /&+2 kneel+ 9 front are ,/4 ,cosmo & ,/4 ,damian1 ! patrons ( ! ,m$ici family1 !n p>am\nt at ,flor5ce4 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 #d4 ,9 an illum9at$ ,(fice ( ! ,virg91 ,i f\nd a v]sion ( ?is subject :i* mu/ be r>e1 & probably conf9$ to m9iatures4 ,*ri/ is seat$ on a ?rone & ! ,virg9 kneels be=e him2 he b5ds =w>ds1 & t5d]ly takes h] clasp$ h&s 9 bo? 8 own4 ,an empty ?rone is at ! "r h& ( ,*ri/1 ov] :i* hov]s an angel be>+ a cr[n4 ,?is is ! mom5t :i* prec$es ! ,coronation1 z ! gr\p already describ$ 9 ! ,s4 ,m>ia-9-,tra/ev]e exhibits ! mom5t :i* foll[s ! ,coronation4 #e4 ,f9ally1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ^? effigies 9 :i* ! ,madonna is hold+ h] ,*ild1 :ile angels place a cr[n ^u h] head1 d n repres5t ,,! ,,coronation prop]ly s call$1 b m]ely ! ,virg9 hon\r$ z ,"m ( ,*ri/ & ,que5 ( ,heav5 7,mat] ,*ri/i1 ,reg9a ,coeli72 & t ^? repres5tations ( ! ,coronation :i* conclude a s]ies ( ! life ( ! ,virg91 & surm\nt h] dea?-b$ or h] tomb1 are hi/orical & dramatic r ?an devotional & typical4 ,( ?is hi/orical treatm5t !re are beautiful examples f ,cimabue d[n to ,raphael1 :i* w be notic$ h]eaft] 9 _! prop] place4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,( ,,m]cy4 ,our ,lady ( ,succ\r4 ,ital4 ,la ,madonna di ,mis]icordia4 ,fr4 ,ntre ,dame de ,misricorde4 ,g]4 ,m>ia ,mutt] des ,erb>m5s4 ,sp4 ,nue/ra ,seora de ,grazia4 ,:5 once ! ,virg9 _h be5 exalt$ & glorifi$ 9 ! cele/ial p>adise1 ! next & ! mo/ natural result 01 t %e %\ld be reg>d$ z be+ 9 heav5 ! mo/ p[]ful ( int]cessors1 & on e>? a mo/ b5ign & ev]-pres5t protectress4 ,9 ! m$ival idea ( ,*ri/1 !re 0 (t5 some?+ /]n2 ! ,lamb ( ,god :o di$ = ! s9s ( ! _w1 is also ! inexorable ,judge ( ! quick & ! dead4 ,:5 he %[s 8 w\nds1 x is z if a v9dictive feel+ 0 suppos$ to exi/2 z if he 7 call$ ^u to rememb] 9 judgm5t ! agonies & ! degradation to :i* he _h be5 expos$ bel[ = ! sake ( wick$ ungrateful m54 ,9 a ,greek ,day ( ,judgm5t1 cit$ by ,didron1 ,moses holds up a scroll1 on :i* is writt51 ,behold ,him :om ye crucifi$1 :ile ! ,jews are dragg$ into ev]la/+ fire4 ,ev]y:]e is ! s5tim5t ( v5geance2 ,*ri/ himself is less a judge ?an an av5g]4 ,n s ! ,virg92 %e is repres5t$ z all m]cy1 sympa?y1 & b5ignity4 ,9 "s ( ! old pictures ( ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 %e is seat$ by ! side ( ,*ri/1 on an equality ) him1 & (t5 9 an attitude ( deprecation1 z if adjur+ him1 to rel5t3 or h] eyes are turn$ on ! r$eem$ s\ls1 & %e looks away f ! condemn$ z if unable to endure ! sight ( _! doom4 ,9 o!r pictures %e is l[] ?an ,*ri/1 b always on 8 "r h&1 & g5]ally seat$2 :ile ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 :o is usually plac$ opposite to h] on ! left ( ,*ri/1 inv>iably /&s or kneels4 ,in/ead ( ! ,bapti/1 x is sometimes1 b r>ely1 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 :o is ! p5dant ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ! ,greek repres5tations ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 a riv] ( fire fl[s f "u ! ?rone ( ,*ri/ to dev\r & burn up ! wick$4#a ,9 we/]n art ! idea is less =midable1--,*ri/ is n at once judge & execution]2 b ! s5tim5t is always suffici5tly t]rible2 ! angels & all ! p[]s ( heav5 tremble be=e him4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ^! t]rors1 ! ,virg91 :e!r kneel+1 or seat$1 or /&+1 always appe>s z a g5tle m$iator1 a1 supplicant = m]cy4 ,9 ! ,day ( ,judgm5t1 z repres5t$ 9 ! ,hortus ,delici>um1 #b we read inscrib$ "u h] figure ! words ,m>ia1 ,filio suo pro ,ecclesia supplicat4 ,9 a v f9e picture by ,m>t9 ,s*o5 7,s*leis%eim ,gal471 x is ! ,fa!r1 :o1 ) a sword & ?ree javel9s 9 8 h&1 sits z ! av5g+ judge2 ne> him ,*ri/2 :ile ! ,virg9 /&s 9 ! =egr\nd1 look+ up to h] ,son ) an expression ( t5d] supplication1 & int]c$+1 z x appe>s1 = ! s9n]s kneel+ r\nd h]1 & ^: implor+ looks are direct$ to h]4 ,9 ! well-kn[n fresco by ,&rea ,ortagna 7,pisa1 ,campo ,santo71 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg9 sit ?ron$ above1 ea* 9 a sep>ate aureole1 b equally glorifi$4 ,*ri/1 po9t+ ) "o h& to ! w\nd 9 8 side1 raises ! o!r 9 a ?reat5+ attitude1 & 8 att5tion is direct$ to ! wick$1 :om he hurls into p]dition4 ,! ,virg91 ) "o h& press$ to h] bosom1 looks to him ) an air ( supplication4 ,bo? figures are regally attir$1 & we> radiant cr[ns2 & ! twelve apo/les att5d !m1 seat$ on ea* side4 ,footnote #a3 ,didron1 ,iconographie ,*rti5ne2 & 9 ! mosaic ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t1 execut$ by ,byzant9e arti/s1 9 ! ca!dral at ,torcello4 ,footnote #b3 ,a celebrat$ illum9at$ ,,ms4 7date ab\t #aaei to #aage71 pres]v$ 9 ! ,libr>y at ,/rasburg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! c5tre gr\p ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's ,la/ ,judgm5t1 we h ! same lead+ motif1 b treat$ 9 a v diff]5t feel+4 ,*ri/ /&s be=e u 9 figure & mi5 l a half-nak$ a?lete2 8 left h& rejects1 8 "r h& ?reat5s1 & 8 :ole attitude is z utt]ly devoid ( dignity z ( grace4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ z ,i h look$ at ?is gr& & celebrat$ "w1 :at c\ld be ,mi*ael ,angelo's idea ( ,*ri/4 ,he :o 0 s good1 s religi\s1 s pure-m9d$1 & s high-m9d$1 0 defici5t 9 humility & sympa?y2 if 8 morals escap$1 8 imag9ation 0 corrupt$ by ! pr(ane & pagan influ5ces ( 8 "t4 ,8 conception ( ,*ri/ is "h mo/ un*ri/ian1 & 8 conception ( ! ,virg9 is n mu* bett]4 ,%e is gr& 9 =m1 b ! expression is too passive4 ,%e looks d[n & seems to %r9k2 b ! significance ( ! attitude1--! h& press$ to ! mat]nal bosom1--giv5 to h] by ! old pa9t]s1 is lo/4 ,9 a ,la/ ,judgm5t by ,rub5s1 pa9t$ = ! ,jesuits ( ,brussels 7,brussels2 ,muse71 ! ,virg9 ext5ds h] robe ov] ! _w1 z if to %ield mank9d f ! wra? ( h] ,son2 po9t+1 at ! same "t1 significantly to h] bosom1 :5ce ,he d]iv$ 8 e>?ly life4 ,! d>+ bad ta/e1 & ! dramatic p[] ( ?is repres5tation1 are *>act]i/ic alike ( ! pa9t]1 ! "t1 & ! community = :i* ! picture 0 pa9t$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m beautiful & m acceptable to our feel+s are ^? graceful repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 z disp5s] ( m]cy on e>?2 z protectress & patroness ei!r ( all ,*ri/5dom1 or ( "s p>ticul> locality1 c\ntry1 or community4 ,9 su* pictures %e /&s ) out/ret*$ arms1 cr[n$ ) a diadem1 or 9 "s in/ances simply veil$1 h] ample robe1 ext5d$ on ea* side1 is held up by angels1 :ile "u its protect+ folds are ga!r$ wor%ipp]s & vot>ies ( all ranks & ages--m51 wom51 *ildr51--k+s1 nobles1 ecclesia/ics1--! poor1 ! lame1 ! sick4 ,or if ! picture be less univ]sal 9 its significance1 d$icat$ p]haps by "s religi\s ord] or *>itable bro!rhood1 we see b5ea? h] robe an assemblage ( monks & nuns1 or a troop ( "y orphans or r$eem$ prison]s4 ,su* a repres5tation is /yl$ a ,mis]icordia4 ,9 a picture by ,fra ,filippo ,lippi 7,b]l9 ,gal471 ! ,madonna ( ,m]cy ext5ds h] protect+ mantle ov] ?irty-five kneel+ figures1 ! faces l portraits1 none elevat$ or beautiful1 b ! :ole picture z an example ( ! subject mo/ /rik+4 ,a v beautiful & s+ul> repres5tation ( ! ,virg9 ( ,m]cy )\t ! ,*ild1 ,i f\nd 9 ! collection ( ,h]r v4 ,qu&t1 ( ,dresd54 ,%e /&s ) h&s fold$ ov] h] bosom1 & wrapp$ 9 ample :ite drap]y1 )\t ornam5t ( any k9d2 ov] h] head1 a veil ( transp>5t gauze ( a br[n col\r1 su* z1 f v>i\s portraits ( ! "t1 appe>s to h be5 !n a fa%ion4 ,! expression ( ! face is t5d] & contemplative1 almo/ sad2 & ! :ole figure1 :i* is life-size1 is inexpressibly ref9$ & dignifi$4 ,! foll[+ inscription is on ! d>k backgr\nd to ! "r ( ! ,virg93-- ,,imago ,,beat ,,m>i ,,virg9is ,,qu ,,m5s4 ,,augu/4 ,,mdxxxiii4 ,,app>uit ,,miraculor4 ,,op]atione ,,concursu ,,pop4 ,,celeb]rim4 ,?is beautiful picture 0 br\ght f ,brescia to ,vi5na by a picture-deal]1 & pur*as$ by ,h]r v4 ,qu&t4 ,x 0 pa9t$ by ,moretto ( ,brescia1 ( :om ,lanzi truly says t 8 sacr$ subjects express la compunzione1 la piet1 la c>it i/essa2 & ?is picture is an in/ance4 ,b by :om d$icat$1 = :at especial m]cy1 or 9 :at *ur*1 ,i c\ld n asc]ta94#a ,footnote #a3 ,i possess a *>m+ draw+ ( ! head by ,fraule9 ,l\ise ,seidl] ( ,weim>1 ^: feel+ = e>ly religi\s art is %[n 9 h] own works1 z well z 9 ! beautiful copies %e has made ( o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is seldom t ! ,madonna di ,mis]icordia appe>s )\t ! ,*ild 9 h] arms2 h] mat]nity is suppos$ to be "o elem5t 9 h] sympa?y ) suff]+ humanity4 ,i w add1 h[ev]1 to ! examples already giv51 "o v celebrat$ in/ance4 ,! picture entitl$ ! ,mis]icordia di ,lucca is fam\s 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 7,lucca4 ,s4 ,romano47 ,x is ! mo/ important "w ( ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 & is dat$ #aeae1 two ye>s be=e 8 dea?4 ,! ,virg91 a gr& & beautiful figure1 /&s alone on a rais$ plat=m1 ) h] arms ext5d$1 & look+ up to heav54 ,! ample folds ( h] robe are held op5 by two angels4 ,b5ea? & r\nd h] feet are v>i\s gr\ps 9 attitudes ( supplication1 :o look up to h]1 z %e looks up to heav54 ,on "o side ! donor ( ! picture is pres5t$ by ,/4 ,dom9ick4 ,above1 9 a glory1 is ! figure ( ,*ri/ surr\nd$ by angels1 & seem+ to b5d t[>ds 8 "m4 ,! expression 9 ! heads1 ! dignifi$ b5efic5ce ( ! ,virg91 ! dramatic feel+ 9 ! gr\ps1 p>ticul>ly ! wom5 & *ildr51 ju/ify ! fame ( ?is picture z "o ( ! greate/ ( ! productions ( m9d4#a ,footnote #a3 ,accord+ to ! acc\nt 9 ,murray's ,h&book1 ?is picture 0 d$icat$ by ! noble family ( ,montecan9i1 & repres5ts ! ,virg9 int]c$+ = ! ,luc*esi dur+ ! w>s ) ,flor5ce4 ,b ,i confess ,i am d\btful ( ?is int]pretation1 & r ?9k x ref]s to ! pe/il5ce1 :i*1 ab\t #aeab1 desolat$ ! :ole ( ! nor? ( ,italy4 ,wilkie1 :o saw ?is picture 9 #ahbe1 speaks ( ! workman%ip ) ! en?usiasm ( a workman4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is yet ano!r v]sion ( ?is subject1 :i* des]ves notice f ! fanta/ic grace ( ! conception4 ,z 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art1 our ,savi\r 0 frequ5tly portray$ z ! ,good ,%eph]d1 s1 among ! lat] ,spani% fancies1 we f9d 8 ,"m repres5t$ z ! ,div9e ,%eph]dess4 ,9 a picture pa9t$ by ,alonzo ,miguel de ,tob> 7,madrid ,gal4 #bbf71 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 we f9d ! ,virg9 ,m>y seat$ "u a tree1 9 guise ( an ,arcadian pa/orella1 we>+ a broad-brimm$ hat1 encircl$ by a glory1 a crook 9 h] h&1 :ile %e fe$s h] flock ) ! my/ical roses4 ,! beauty ( expression 9 ! head ( ! ,virg9 is su* z almo/ to r$eem ! qua9tness ( ! religi\s conceit2 ! :ole picture is describ$ z wor?y ( ,murillo4 ,x 0 pa9t$ = a ,franciscan *ur* at ,madrid1 & ! idea became s popul>1 t we f9d x multipli$ & v>i$ 9 ,fr5* & ,g]man pr9ts ( ! la/ c5tury2 ! orig9al picture rema9s unequall$ = its p5sive poetical grace2 b x mu/ be all[$ t ! idea1 :i* at fir/ view /rikes f its s+ul>ity1 is worse ?an que/ionable 9 po9t ( ta/e1 & w h>dly be> repetition4 ,!re are "s ex-voto pictures ( ! ,madonna ( ,m]cy1 :i* record individual acts ( gratitude4 ,"o1 = in/ance1 by ,nicol ,alunno 7,rome1 ,pal4 ,colonna71 9 :i* ! ,virg91 a b5ign & dignifi$ creature1 /ret*es =? h] sceptre f above1 & rebukes ! ugly fi5d ( ,s91 ab\t to seize a boy4 ,! "m kneels on "o side1 ) eyes uplift$1 9 fai? & trembl+ supplication4 ,! same idea ,i h se5 repeat$ 9 a picture by ,lanfranco4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! innum]able votive pictures :i* repres5t ! ,madonna di ,mis]icordia ) ! ,*ild 9 h] arms1 ,i %all notice h]eaft]4 ,!y are 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries ! usual ornam5ts ( *>itable ,in/itutions & conv5ts ( ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy2 & h1 z ,i _c b ?9k1 a v t\*+ significance4 ,,! ,,mat] ,,dolorosa4 ,ital4 ,la ,madre di ,dolore4 ,l' ,addolorata4 ,fr4 ,ntre ,dame da ,piti4 ,la ,vi]ge de ,d\leur4 ,sp4 ,nue/ra ,seora de ,dolores ,g]4 ,die ,s*m]zhafte ,mutt]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important ( ^! devotional subjects prop] to ! ,madonna is ! ,m\rn+ ,"m1 ! ,mat] ,dolorosa1 9 :i* h] "* is t ( ! "m ( ! crucifi$ ,r$eem]2 ! "m ( ! aton+ ,sacrifice2 ! que5 ( m>tyrs2 ! woman ^: bosom 0 pi]c$ ) a %>p sword2 ?r\gh ^: sorr[ ! _w 0 sav$1 ^: angui% 0 our joy1 & to :om ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians address _! pray]s z consol] ( ! afflict$1 because %e _h h]self ta/$ ( ! bitt]e/ ( all e>?ly sorr[1 ! pang ( ! agoniz$ "m = ! loss ( h] *ild4 ,9 ?is "* we h ?ree di/9ct repres5tations ( ! ,madonna4 ,,mat] ,,dolorosa4 ,9 ! fir/ %e appe>s alone1 a seat$ or /&+ figure1 (t5 ! head or half l5g? only2 ! h&s clasp$1 ! head b[$ 9 sorr[1 te>s /ream+ f ! heavy eyes1 & ! :ole expression int5sely m\rnful4 ,! features are prop]ly ^? ( a woman 9 middle age2 b 9 lat] times ! s5tim5t ( beauty pr$om9at$ ov] t ( ! "m's agony2 & ,i h se5 ! sublime ,mat] ,dolorosa trans=m$ into a m]ely beautiful & y\?ful maid51 ) su* an air ( s5tim5tal grief z might s]ve = ! loss ( a sp>r[4 ,n s ) ! old] heads2 ev5 ^? ( ! ,c>racci & ! ,spani% s*ool h (t5 a wond]ful dep? ( feel+4 ,x is common 9 su* repres5tations to repres5t ! ,virg9 ) a sword 9 h] bosom1 & ev5 ) sev5 swords 9 allusion to ! sev5 sorr[s4 ,?is v mat]ial & palpable v]sion ( ! allegorical prophecy 7,luke ii1 #ce7 has be5 f\nd extremely effective z an appeal to ! popul> feel+s1 s t !re are few ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es )\t su* a pa9ful & lit]al int]pretation ( ! text4 ,x occurs p]petually 9 pr9ts1 & !re is a f9e example aft] ,v&yck2 sometimes ! swords are plac$ r\nd h] head2 b !re is no in/ance ( su* a figure f ! be/ p]iod ( religi\s art1 & x mu/ be consid]$ z any?+ b arti/ic3 9 ?is case1 ! m mat]ializ$ & ! m matt] ( fact1 ! m unreal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,/abat ,,mat]4 ,a second repres5tation ( ! ,madre di ,dolore is t figure ( ! ,virg9 :i*1 f ! v e>lie/ times1 0 plac$ on ! "r ( ! ,crucifix1 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ be+ inv>iably on ! left4 ,i am speak+ "h ( ! crucifix z a :olly ideal & my/ical emblem ( our fai? 9 a crucifi$ ,savi\r2 n ( ! crucifixion z an ev5t1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 is an actor & spectator1 & is usually fa9t+ 9 ! arms ( h] att5dants4 ,9 ! ideal subject %e is m]ely an ideal figure1 at once ! "m ( ,*ri/1 & ! p]sonifi$ ,*ur*4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is evid5t f ^? v anci5t c>v+s1 & examples 9 /a9$ glass1 9 :i* ! ,virg91 z ! ,*ur*1 /&s on "o side ( ! cross1 trampl+ on a female figure :i* p]sonifies ,judaism or ! synagogue4 ,ev5 :5 ! allegory is less palpable1 we feel t ! treatm5t is :olly religi\s & poetical4 ,! usual attitude ( ! ,mat] ,dolorosa by ! crucifix is t ( int5se b resign$ sorr[2 ! h&s clasp$1 ! head decl9$ & %ad$ by a veil1 ! figure closely wrapp$ 9 a d>k blue or violet mantle4 ,9 "s in/ances a m g5]ally religi\s & ideal ca/ is giv5 to ! figure2 %e /&s ) outspread arms1 & look+ up2 n weep+1 b 9 h] /ill beautiful face a m+l$ expression ( fai? & angui%4 ,?is is ! true conception ( ! sublime hymn1 ,/abat ,mat] ,dolorosa ,juxta crucem la*rymosa ,dum p5debat filius4 ,,la ,,piet4 ,! ?ird1 & x is ! mo/ important & mo/ beautiful ( all z f> z ! ,virg9 is conc]n$1 is ! gr\p call$ ! ,,piet1 :i*1 :5 /rictly devotional1 consi/s only ( ! ,virg9 ) h] dead ,son 9 h] arms1 or on h] lap1 or ly+ at h] feet2 9 "s in/ances ) lam5t+ angels1 b no o!r p]sonages4 ,?is gr\p has be5 v>i$ 9 a ?\s& ways2 no d\bt ! two mo/ p]fect conceptions are ^? ( ,mi*ael ,angelo & ,raphael2 ! fir/ excell+ 9 sublimity1 ! latt] 9 pa?os4 ,! celebrat$ m>ble gr\p by ,mi*ael ,angelo /&s 9 ! ,vatican 9 a *apel to ! "r z we ent]4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$2 ! dead ,savi\r lies across ! knees ( 8 "m2 %e looks d[n on him 9 m+l$ sorr[ & resignation1 b ! maje/ic resignation pr$om9ates4 ,! composition ( ,raphael exi/s only z a pr9t2 b ! flimsy pap]1 consecrat$ ?r\gh its unspeakable beauty1 is likely to be z la/+ z ! m>ble4 ,x repres5ts ! ,virg91 /&+ ) out/ret*$ arms1 & look+ up ) an appeal+ agoniz$ expression t[>ds heav52 be=e h]1 on ! e>?1 lies ext5d$ ! =m ( ! ,savi\r4 ,9 t5d]ness1 dignity1 simplicity1 & tragic pa?os1 no?+ c exce$ ?is production2 ! head ( ! ,virg9 9 p>ticul> is reg>d$ z a ma/]piece1 s f> exce$+ 9 delicacy ( execution e o!r "w ( ,m>c ,antonio1 t "s h ?\ght t ,raphael himself took ! bur9 f 8 h&1 & t\*$ himself t face ( quiet woe4 ,ano!r example ( wond]ful beauty is ! ,piet by ,francia1 9 our ,national ,gall]y4 ,! =m ( ,*ri/ lies ext5d$ be=e 8 "m2 a lam5t+ angel su/a9s ! head1 ano!r is at ! feet3 ! ,virg91 ) eyes r$ & heavy ) weep+1 looks out ( ! picture4 ,!re ne$s no visible sword 9 h] bosom to tell :at angui% has pi]c$ t mat]nal he>t4 ,!re is ano!r ,piet1 by ,mi*ael ,angelo1 q a diff]5t conception4 ,! ,virg9 sits at ! foot ( ! cross2 be=e h]1 & half-su/a9$ by h] knees1 lies ! =m ( ! dead ,savi\r1 se5 9 front2 8 arms are held up by two angels 7unw+$1 z is usual ) ,mi*ael ,angelo74 ,! ,virg9 looks up to heav5 ) an appeal+ expression2 & 9 "o engrav+ ( ?is composition ! cross is inscrib$ ) ! words1 ,tu non p5si quanta sangue co/a4 ,!re is no pa9t+ by ,mi*ael ,angelo himself1 b _m copies & engrav+s ( ! draw+4 ,a beautiful small copy1 by ,m>cello ,v5u/i1 is 9 ! ,que5's ,gall]y4 ,!re is yet ano!r v]sion ( ! ,piet1 q my/ical & devotional 9 its significance1--b1 to my feel+1 m pa9ful & mat]ial ?an poetical4 ,x is v>i\sly treat$2 = example3--#a4 ,! dead ,r$eem] is se5 half-l5g? )9 ! tomb2 8 h&s are ext5d$ to %[ 8 w\nds2 8 eyes are clos$1 8 head decl9$1 8 ble$+ br[ encircl$ by ?orns4 ,on "o side is ! ,virg91 on ! o!r ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 9 attitudes ( pr(\nd grief & commis]ation4 #b4 ,! dead =m1 half em]g+ f ! tomb1 is su/a9$ 9 ! arms ( ! ,mat] ,dolorosa4 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ on ! o!r side4 ,!re are sometimes angels4 ,! ,piet ?us conceiv$ z a purely religi\s & ideal imp]sonation ( ! aton+ ,sacrifice1 is commonly plac$ ov] ! alt> ( ! sacram5t1 & 9 _m alt>-pieces x =ms ! c5tre ( ! pr$ella1 j 9 front :]e ! mass is celebrat$1 or on ! door ( ! tab]nacle1 :]e ! ,ho/ is deposit$4 ,:51 ) ! ,mat] ,dolorosa & ,/4 ,john1 ,m>y ,magdal5e is introduc$ ) h] di%evell$ hair1 ! gr\p ceases to be prop]ly a ,piet1 & becomes a repres5tation r ?an a symbol4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are also examples ( a yet m complex b /ill p]fectly ideal & devotional treatm5t1 9 :i* ! ,m\rn+ ,"m is att5d$ by sa9ts4 ,a mo/ celebrat$ in/ance ( ?is treatm5t is ! ,piet by ,guido4 7,bologna ,gal47 ,9 ! upp] "p ( ! composition1 ! figure ( ! dead ,r$eem] lies ext5d$ on a :ite %r\d2 beh9d him /&s ! ,virg9-"m1 ) h] eyes rais$ to heav51 & sad appeal+ face1 t\*$ ) s div9e a sorr[--s mu* ( dignity 9 ! mid/ ( inf9ite angui%1 t ,i "k no?+ f9] 9 its way4 ,h] h&s are resign$ly fold$ 9 ea* o!r1 n rais$1 n clasp$1 b languidly droop+4 ,an angel /&s at ! feet ( ,*ri/ look+ on ) a t5d] ador+ commis]ation2 ano!r1 at 8 head1 turns away weep+4 ,a k9d ( curta9 divides ?is gr\p f ! l[] "p ( ! picture1 :]e1 assembl$ on a plat=m1 /& or kneel ! gu>dian sa9ts ( ,bologna3 9 ! c5tre1 ! b5evol5t ,/4 ,*>les ,borromeo1 :o j ab\t t "t _h be5 canoniz$ & add$ to ! li/ ( ! patrons ( ,bologna by a decree ( ! s5ate2 on ! "r1 ,/4 ,dom9ick & ,/4 ,petronius2 on ! left1 ,/4 ,proculus & ,/4 ,francis4 ,^! sa9t$ p]sonages look up z if adjur+ ! ,virg91 ev5 by h] own deep angui%1 to int]c$e = ! city2 %e is "h at once our ,lady ( ,pity1 ( ,succ\r1 & ( ,sorr[4 ,?is wond]ful picture 0 d$icat$1 z an act ( p5ance & piety1 by ! magi/rates ( ,bologna1 9 #afaf1 & plac$ 9 _! *apel 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,m5dicanti1 o!rwise ,s4 ,m>ia-della-,piet4 ,x hung !re = two c5turies1 = ! consolation ( ! afflict$2 x is n[ plac$ 9 ! ,academy ( ,bologna = ! admiration ( connoisseurs4 ,,our ,,lady ,,( ,,! ,,immaculate ,,conception4 ,ital4 ,la ,madonna ,purissima4 ,lat4 ,reg9a s9e labe orig9ali concepta4 ,spa4 ,nue/ra ,seora s9 peccado concepida4 ,la ,concepcion4 ,fr4 ,la ,conception de la ,vi]ge ,m>ie4 ,g]4 ,das ,geheimniss d] unbefleckt5 ,empfngniss ,m>i4 ,dec4 #h4 ,! la/ & ! late/ subject 9 :i* ! ,virg9 appe>s alone )\t ! ,*ild1 is t entitl$ ! ,immaculate ,conception ( ! ,bless$ ,virg92 & sometimes m]ely ,,! ,,conception4 ,!re is no in/ance ( its treatm5t 9 ! e>li] s*ools ( art2 b z "o ( ! mo/ popul> subjects ( ! ,italian & ,spani% pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & "o v frequ5tly misund]/ood1 x is necess>y to g into ! hi/ory ( its orig94 ,9 ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 x 0 usual to celebrate1 z fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,conception ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! ,conception ( 8 k9sman & precursor ,john ! ,bapti/2 ! latt] z miracul\s1 ! =m] z be+ at once div9e & miracul\s4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury x 0 propos$ to celebrate ! ,conception ( ! ,virg9 ,"m ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,f ! "t t ! h]esy ( ,ne/orius _h be5 condemn$1 & t ! dignity ( ! ,virg9 z "m ( ! ,div9ity _h become a po9t ( doctr9e1 x 0 n en\gh to advocate h] excell+ virtue & /a9less purity z a m]e human be+4 ,x 0 cont5d$1 t hav+ be5 pr$e/9$ f ! beg9n+ z ! ,woman1 ?r\gh :om ! div9e nature 0 made manife/ on e>?1 %e mu/ be presum$ to be exempt f all s91 ev5 f t orig9al ta9t inh]it$ f ,adam4 ,?r\gh ! fir/ ,eve1 we _h all di$2 ?r\gh ! second ,eve1 we _h all be5 made alive4 ,x 0 argu$ t ,god _h nev] suff]$ 8 e>?ly temple to be pr(an$2 _h ev5 promulgat$ 9 p]son sev]e ord9ances to pres]ve its sanctu>y inviolate4 ,h[ mu* m to him 0 t temple1 t tab]nacle built by no human h&s1 9 :i* he _h condesc5d$ to dwell4 ,no?+ 0 impossible to ,god2 x lay1 !re=e1 9 8 p[] to cause 8 ,"m to come absolutely pure & immaculate into ! _w3 be+ 9 8 p[]1 c\ld any e>ne/ wor%ipp] ( ! ,virg9 d\bt = a mom5t t = "o s fav\r$ x w\ld n be done8 ,su* 0 ! reason+ ( our =efa!rs2 & ! premises grant$1 :o %all call x illogical or irrev]5t8 ,= ?ree or f\r c5turies1 f ! sev5? to ! elev5?1 ^! ideas _h be5 ga9+ gr\nd4 ,/4 ,ildefonso ( ,seville di/+ui%$ himself by 8 writ+s on ?is subject2 & h[ ! ,virg9 recomp5s$ 8 zeal1 ,murillo has %[n u1 & ,i h relat$ 9 ! life ( t sa9t4 7,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s47 ,b ! fir/ m5tion ( a fe/ival1 or solemn celebration ( ! ,my/]y ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 may be trac$ to an ,engli% monk ( ! elev5? c5tury1 ^: "n is n record$1 7v4 ,baillet1 vol4 xii47 ,:51 h[ev]1 x 0 propos$ to give ! papal sanction to ?is doctr9e z an article ( belief1 & to in/itute a *ur* (fice = ! purpose ( celebrat+ ! ,conception ( ,m>y1 !re arose /rong opposition4 ,:at is s+ul>1 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 s celebrat$ = 8 en?usia/ic devotion to ! ,virg91 0 mo/ /r5u\s & eloqu5t 9 8 disapprobation4 ,he pron\nc$ no judgm5t aga9/ ^? :o receiv$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 he r lean$ t[>ds x2 b he oppos$ ! in/itution ( ! fe/ival z an innovation n c\nt5anc$ by ! e>ly fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 = ab\t a hundr$ ye>s1 ! dispute slept2 b ! doctr9e ga9$ gr\nd4 ,! ?irte5? c5tury1 s rem>kable = ! manife/ation ( religi\s en?usiasm 9 all its =ms1 beheld ! revival ( ?is celebrat$ controv]sy4 ,a c]ta9 ,franciscan fri>1 ,duns ,scotus 7,john ,scott ( ,dunse71 ent]$ ! li/s z *ampion = ! ,virg94 ,he 0 oppos$ by ! ,dom9icans & _! celebrat$ polemic ,?omas ,aqu9as1 :o1 l ,/4 ,b]n>d1 0 kn[n = 8 en?usia/ic rev]5ce = ! ,virg92 b1 l him1 & on ! same gr\nds1 object$ to ! introduction ( new =ms4 ,?us ! !ological s*ools 7 divid$4 ,dur+ ! next two hundr$ ye>s ! belief became m & m g5]al1 ! doctr9e m & m popul>2 /ill ! ,*ur*1 :ile x tol]at$ bo?1 refus$ to ratify ei!r4 ,all ?is "t we f9d no p>ticul> repres5tation ( ! fav\rite dogma 9 art1 = until ratifi$ by ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 x c\ld n prop]ly ent] into ecclesia/ical decoration4 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 t ! gr[+ belief 9 ! pure ,conception & miracul\s sanctification ( ! ,virg9 multipli$ ! repres5tations ( h] coronation & glorification1 z ! only p]mitt$ expression ( ! popul> en?usiasm on ?is po9t4 ,= ! p[]ful ,ord] ( ! ,franciscans1 :o 7 at ?is "t & = a c5tury aft]w>ds ! mo/ ard5t *ampions ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 7 pa9t$ mo/ ( ! pictures ( ! ,coronation produc$ dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ papal decree t\*+ ! ,immaculate ,conception z an article ( fai?1 0 promulgat$ 9 ! reign ( ,sixtus ,,iv41 :o _h be5 a ,franciscan fri>1 & he took ! e>lie/ opportunity ( giv+ ! solemn sanction ( ! ,*ur* to :at _h ev] be5 ! fav\rite dogma ( 8 ,ord]2 b ! celebration ( ! fe/ival1 nev] actually =bidd51 _h by ?is "t become s usual1 t ! papal ord9ance m]ely sanction$ )\t h[ev] r5d]+ x obligatory4 ,an (fice 0 compos$ = ! fe/ival1 & 9 #adif ! ,sorbonne decl>$ 9 fav\r ( x ,/ill x rema9$ a po9t ( dispute2 /ill !re 7 diss5ti5t voices1 pr9cipally among ! ,dom9ican !ologians2 & f #aejj to #afjj we f9d ?is controv]sy occupy+ ! p5s ( ! ecclesia/ics1 & excit+ ! int]e/ & ! imag9ation ( ! p4 ,9 ,spa9 ! ,immaculate ,conception ( ! ,virg91 ow+ p]haps to ! popul>ity & p[] ( ! ,franciscans 9 t c\ntry1 _h long be5 ! d>l+ dogma ( ! ,spani% ,*ur*4 ,villegas1 9 ! ,flos ,sanctorum1 :ile admitt+ ! mod]n orig9 ( ! op9ion1 & ! sil5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 cont5d$ t1 _h ?is great fact be5 made manife/ e>li] & 9 less enlight5$ times1 x might possibly h l$ to ! error ( wor%ipp+ ! ,virg9 z an actual goddess4 7,/irl+'s ,arti/s ( ,spa91 p4 #ije47 ,to ^? :o are conv]sant ) ,spani% !ology & art1 x may seem t ! di/9ction drawn 9 !ory is n v def9ite or p]ceptible 9 practice4 ,at l5g?1 9 ,july1 #afae1 ,paul ,v4 =mally in/itut$ ! (fice commemorat+ ! ,immaculate ,conception1 & 9 #afag issu$ a bull =bidd+ any "o to tea* or prea* a contr>y op9ion4 ,on ! publication ( ?is bull1 ,seville flew into a fr5zy ( religi\s joy4 ,! ar*bi%op p]=m$ a solemn s]vice 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,cannon ro>$1 & bull fights1 t\rnam5ts1 & banquets celebrat$ ?is triumph ( ! vot>ies ( ! ,virg94 ,spa9 & its dep5d5cies 7 solemnly plac$ "u ! protection ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 ?us p]sonify+ an ab/ract idea2 & to ?is day1 a ,spani>d salutes 8 neighb\r ) ! angelic ,ave ,m>ia purissima6 & he responds ,s9 peccado concepida6#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 our own days we h se5 ?is curi\s controv]sy reviv$4 ,"o ( ! late/1 if n ! la/1 writ] on ! subject 0 ,c>d9al ,lambrus*9i2 & ! la/ papal ord9ance 0 promulgat$ by ,pio ,mono1 & dat$ f ,gaeta1 #ahdi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i _c f9d ! date ( ! e>lie/ picture ( ! ,immaculate ,conception2 b ! fir/ writ] on ! art :o makes allusion to ! subject1 & lays d[n specific rules f ecclesia/ical au?ority = its prop] treatm5t1 is ! ,spani>d ,pa*eco1 :o mu/ h be5 ab\t =ty ye>s ( age :5 ! bull 0 publi%$ at ,seville 9 #afah4 ,x is soon aft] ?is "t t we fir/ he> ( pictures ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,pa*eco subsequ5tly became a famili> ( ! ,inquisition1 & wield$ ! au?ority ( ! holy (fice z inspector ( sacr$ pictures2 & 9 8 ,arte de la ,p9tura1 publi%$ 9 #afdi1 he laid d[n ^? rules = ! repres5tation :i* _h be5 g5]ally1 ?\gh n always1 exactly foll[$4 ,x is evid5t t ! idea is tak5 f ! woman 9 ! ,apocalypse1 clo!d ) ! sun1 hav+ ! moon "u h] feet1 & on h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s4 ,! ,virg9 is to be portray$ 9 ! fir/ spr+ & bloom ( y\? z a maid5 ( ab\t twelve or ?irte5 ye>s ( age2 ) grave sweet eyes2 h] hair gold52 h] features ) all ! beauty pa9t+ c express2 h] h&s are to be fold$ on h] bosom or jo9$ 9 pray]4 ,! sun is to be express$ by a flood ( light ar\nd h]4 ,! moon "u h] feet is to h ! horns po9t+ d[nw>ds1 because illum9at$ f above1 & ! twelve />s are to =m a cr[n ov] h] head4 ,! robe mu/ be ( spotless :ite2 ! mantle or sc>f blue4 ,r\nd h] are to hov] *]ubim be>+ roses1 palms1 & lilies2 ! head ( ! bruis$ & vanqui%$ dragon is to be "u h] feet4 ,%e ought to h ! cord ( ,/4 ,francis z a girdle1 because 9 ?is guise %e appe>$ to ,beatriz de ,silva1 a noble ,franciscan nun1 :o 0 fav\r$ by a cele/ial vision ( ! ,madonna 9 h] beatitude4 ,p]haps ! good s]vices ( ! ,franciscans z *ampions ( ! ,immaculate ,conception procur$ !m ! hon\r ( be+ ?us commemorat$4 ,all ^! accessories are n absolutely & rigidly requir$2 & ,murillo1 :o is entitl$ p> excell5ce ! pa9t] ( ! ,conception1 sometimes dep>t$ f ! lett] ( ! law )\t be+ consid]$ z less or?odox4 ,) him ! cresc5t moon1 is sometimes ! full moon1 or :5 a cresc5t ! horns po9t upw>ds in/ead ( d[nw>ds4 ,he usually omits ! />ry cr[n1 &1 9 spite ( 8 pr$ilection = ! ,capu*9 ,ord]1 ! cord ( ,/4 ,francis is 9 mo/ in/ances disp5s$ )4 ,he is exact ) reg>d to ! col\rs ( ! drap]y1 b n always 9 ! col\r ( ! hair4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! beauty & expression ( ! face & attitude1 ! m+l$ lovel9ess1 dignity1 & purity1 are giv5 ) exquisite feel+2 & we are nev]1 z 9 8 o!r repres5tations ( ! ,madonna1 rem9d$ ( commonplace homely1 (t5 peasant1 portraiture2 "h all is spotless grace1 e!real delicacy1 b5ignity1 ref9em5t1 repose1--! v apo!osis ( womanhood4 ,i mu/ g back to obs]ve1 t previ\s to ! promulgation ( ! fam\s bull ( ,pope ,paul ,v41 ! popul> ideas conc]n+ ! ,immaculate ,conception _h left _! impress on art4 ,be=e ! subject _h tak5 an express & au?oriz$ =m1 we f9d pictures :i*1 if !y d n repres5t x1 relate to x1 ,i rememb] two :i* _c be o!rwise int]pret$1 & !re are probably o!rs4 ,! fir/ ,is a curi\s picture ( ! e>ly ,flor5t9e ,s*ool4 7,b]l9 ,gal47 ,9 ! c5tre is orig9al s91 repres5t$ by ,eve & ! ,s]p5t2 on ! "r /& ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,hil>ius1 ,/4 ,anselm1 & ,/4 ,b]n>d2 on ! left ,/4 ,cyril1 ,orig51 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ,/4 ,cyprian2 & bel[ are inscrib$ passages f ! writ+s ( ^! fa!rs relat+ to ! immaculate ,conception ( ! ,virg93 all ( !m _h giv5 to h] 9 _! works ! title ( ,immaculate1 mo/ pure2 b !y diff]$ z to ! p]iod ( h] sanctification1 z to :e!r x 0 9 ! mom5t ( conception or at ! mom5t ( bir?4 ,! o!r picture is 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 & "o ( ! f9e/ productions ( t extraord9>y ,f]r>ese pa9t] ,dosso ,dossi4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( ! picture are ! f\r ,lat9 ,fa!rs1 turn+ ov] _! great books1 or 9 deep m$itation2 beh9d !m1 ! ,franciscan ,b]n>d9o ( ,si5a4 ,above1 9 a glory ( light1 ! ,virg91 clo!d1 n 9 spotless :ite1 b a ri*ly embroid]$ regal mantle1 wr\ght ab\t ) div]s col\rs1 kneels at ! feet ( ! ,almighty1 :o ext5ds 8 h& 9 b5$iction4 ,i f9d no acc\nt 9 ! catalogue :5ce ?is picture 0 tak51 b x 0 evid5tly pa9t$ = ! ,franciscans4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 #afag1 :5 ! ,bull ( ,paul ,v4 0 =mally exp$it$1 ,guido 0 atta*$ to ! papal c\rt 9 quality ( pa9t] & an especial fav\rite ) 8 ,hol9ess4 ,among ! e>lie/ accr$it$ pictures ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 are f\r ( 8 f9e/ works4 #a4 ,! cupola ( ! private *apel ( ! ,quir9al repres5ts ! ,almighty m$itat+ ! great miracle ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 & ne> him1 )9 ! same glory ( light1 is ! ,virg9 9 h] :ite tunic1 & 9 an attitude ( adoration4 ,?is 0 pa9t$ ab\t #afaj or #afaa1 :5 ,pope ,paul ,v4 0 m$itat+ ! promulgation ( 8 fam\s ord9ance4 #b4 ,! great picture1 also pa9t$ = ,paul ,v41 repres5ts ! doctors ( ! ,*ur* argu+ & consult+ _! great books = ! au?orities on ! subject ( ! ,conception4#a ,above1 ! ,virg9 is seat$ 9 glory1 array$ 9 spotless :ite1 h] h&s cross$ ov] h] bosom1 & h] eyes turn$ t[>ds ! cele/ial f\nta9 ( light4 ,bel[ are six doctors1 consult+ _! books2 !y are n well *>act]iz$1 be+ m]ely s _m ideal heads 9 a mann]$ /yle2 b ,i believe !y repres5t ! f\r ,lat9 ,fa!rs1 ) ,/4 ,john ,damasc5e & ,/4 ,ildefonso1 :o 7 especial def5d]s ( ! doctr9e4 ,footnote #a3 ,pet]sburg ,imp4 ,gal4 ,!re is a f9e engrav+4 #c4 ,! next 9 po9t ( date 0 pa9t$ = ! ,infanta ( ,spa91 :i* ,i believe to be ! same n[ 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,ellesm]e4 ,! figure ( ! ,virg91 cr[n$ ) ! twelve />s1 & reliev$ f a backgr\nd ( gold5 light1 is /&+ on a cresc5t su/a9$ by ?ree *]ubs b5ea?2 %e seems to float betwe5 heav5 & e>?2 on ei!r side is a s]aph1 ) h&s fold$ & looks uprais$ 9 adoration4 ,! :ole pa9t$ 9 8 silv]y tone1 ) su* an extreme delicacy & transp>5cy ( effect1 t x might be /yl$ a vision ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 #d4 ,! f\r? 0 pa9t$ = ! *apel ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,biagio1 at ,=li1 & is !re /ill4 99 99 99 99 99 ,j z ! ,italian s*ools ( pa9t+ 7 on ! decl9e1 ! ,spani% s*ool ( art arose 9 all its glory1 & ! ,conception became1 f ! popul>ity ( ! dogma1 n m]ely an ecclesia/ical1 b a popul> subject4 ,n only e *ur*1 b almo/ e private h\se1 conta9$ ! effigy ei!r pa9t$ or c>v$1 or bo?1 ( our ,lady s9 peccado concepida2 & :5 ! academy ( pa9t+ 0 f\nd$ at ,seville1 9 #affj1 e c&idate = admission _h to decl>e 8 or?odox belief 9 ! mo/ pure ,conception ( our ,lady4 ,! f9e/ ,spani% ,conception be=e ! "t ( ,murillo1 is by ,roelas1 :o di$ 9 #afbe2 x is 9 ! academy at ,seville1 & is m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,=d z equal to ,guido4#a ,footnote #a3 ,h&book ( ,spa94 ,a v f9e picture ( ?is subject1 by ,roelas1 0 sold out ( ! ,s\lt ,collection4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful & *>act]i/ic1 z well z e>lie/1 examples ( ?is subject ,i h se51 is a picture 9 ! ,e/]hazy ,gall]y at ,vi5na4 ,! ,virg9 is 9 ! fir/ bloom ( girlhood2 %e looks n m ?an n9e or t5 ye>s old1 ) d>k hair1 ,spani% features1 & a *>m+ expression ( *ildlike simplicity & devotion4 ,%e /&s amid cl\ds1 ) h] h&s jo9$1 & ! prop] :ite & blue drap]y3 !re are no accessories4 ,?is picture is attribut$ to an obscure pa9t]1 ,laz>o ,tav>one1 ( :om ,i c le>n no?+ m ?an t he 0 employ$ 9 ! ,escurial ab\t #aeij4 ,! beautiful small ,conception by ,velasquez1 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,fr]e1 is a dep>ture f ! rules laid d[n by ,pa*eco 9 reg>d to co/ume2 !re=e1 z ,i presume1 pa9t$ be=e he ent]$ ! /udio ( ! arti/-inquisitor1 ^: son-9-law he became be=e he 0 ?ree & tw5ty4 ,"h ! ,virg9 is array$ 9 a pale violet robe1 ) a d>k blue mantle4 ,h] h&s are jo9$1 & %e looks d[n4 ,! solemnity & dep? ( expression 9 ! sweet girli% face is v /rik+2 ! m s1 t x is n a beautiful face1 & has ! air ( a portrait4 ,h] long hair fl[s ov] h] %\ld]s4 ,! figure is reliev$ aga9/ a bright sun1 ) fleecy cl\ds ar\nd2 & ! twelve />s are ov] h] head4 ,%e /&s on ! r\nd moon1 ( :i* ! upp] half is illum9$4 ,bel[1 on e>?1 & ?r\gh ! deep %ad[1 are se5 sev]al ( ! emblems ( ! ,virg9--! f\nta91 ! temple1 ! olive1 ! cypress1 & ! g>d5 enclos$ 9 a treillage ( roses4#a ,?is picture is v rem>kable2 x is 9 ! e>lie/ mann] ( ,velasquez1 pa9t$ 9 ! bold free /yle ( 8 fir/ ma/]1 ,h]r>a1 ^: s*ool he quitt$ :5 he 0 ab\t sev5te5 or eighte51 j at ! p]iod :5 ! ,pope's ord9ance 0 proclaim$ at ,seville4 ,footnote #a3 v4 ,introduction3 ,! ,symbols & ,attributes ( ! ,virg94 99 99 99 99 99 ,( tw5ty-five pictures ( ?is subject1 pa9t$ by ,murillo1 !re are n two exactly alike2 & !y are ( all sizes1 f ! colossal figure call$ ! ,great ,conception ( ,seville1 to ! exquisite m9iature repres5tation 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,ov]/on1 n m ?an fifte5 in*es 9 height4 ,"l ,lansd[ne has also a beautiful small ,conception1 v simply treat$4 ,9 ^? :i* h d>k hair1 ,murillo is said to h tak5 8 daught] ,francisca z a model4 ,! numb] ( att5dant angels v>ies f "o or two1 to ?irty4 ,!y be> ! palm1 ! olive1 ! rose1 ! lily1 ! mirror2 sometimes a sceptre & cr[n4 ,i rememb] b few in/ances 9 :i* he has introduc$ ! dragon-fi5d1 an omission :i* ,pa*eco is will+ to =give2 =1 z he obs]ves1 no man ev] pa9t$ ! devil ) good-w4 ,9 ! ,l\vre picture 7,no4 #aabd71 ! ,virg9 is ador$ by ?ree ecclesia/ics4 ,9 ano!r example1 quot$ by ,mr4 ,/irl+ 7,arti/s ( ,spa91 p4 #hci71 a fri> is se5 writ+ at h] feet3 ?is figure probably repres5ts h] *ampion1 ! fri> ,duns ,scotus4 ,!re is at ,hampton ,c\rt a picture1 by ,spagnoletto1 ( ?is same ,duns ,scotus writ+ 8 def5ce ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,spagnoletto 0 pa9t+ at ,naples1 :51 9 #afah1 ! ,vic]oy solemnly swore1 9 pres5ce ( ! assembl$ multitude1 to def5d ) 8 life ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception2 & ?is picture1 curi\s & /rik+ 9 its way1 0 pa9t$ ab\t ! same "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,italy1 ! decl9e ( ,art 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury is n[h]e m app>5t1 nor m (f5sive1 ?an 9 ?is subject4 ,a f9i%$ example ( ! mo/ execrable ta/e is ! mosaic 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 aft] ,pietro ,bian*i4 ,!re exi/s1 some:]e1 a picture ( ! ,conception1 by ,le ,brun1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 has no o!r drap]y ?an a ?91 transp>5t gauze1 & has ! air ( a ,v5us ,m]etrix4 ,9 "s old ,fr5* pr9ts1 ! ,virg9 is surr\nd$ by a numb] ( angels1 def5d+ h] ) %ield & buckl] aga9/ demons :o are tak+ aim at h] ) fi]y arr[s4 ,su*1 & ev5 worse1 vag>ies & p]v]sities1 are to be f\nd 9 ! innum]able pictures ( ?is fav\rite subject1 :i* inundat$ ! *ur*es betwe5 #afdj & #agbj4 ,( ^! ,i %all say no m4 ,! pictures ( ,guido & ,murillo1 & ! c>v$ figures ( ,alonzo ,cano1 ,montanez1 & ,h]n&ez1 may be reg>d$ z au?oriz$ effigies ( ,our ,lady ( ! mo/ pure ,conception2 9 o!r words1 z embody+1 9 ! mo/ attractive1 decor\s1 & intelligible =m1 an ab/ract !ological dogma1 :i* is 9 itself "o ( ! mo/ curi\s1 &1 9 its results1 "o ( ! mo/ important ( ! religions ph5om5a connect$ ) ! arti/ic repres5tations ( ! ,virg94#a ,footnote #a3 ,we (t5 f9d on pictures & pr9ts ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 c]ta9 scriptural texts :i* ! !ologians ( ! ,roman ,*ur* h appli$ to ! ,bless$ ,virg92 = in/ance1 f ,ps4 xliv4 ,omnis gloria ejus fili regis ab intus--,! k+'s daught] is all glori\s )92 or f ! ,canticles1 iv4 #g1 ,tota pul*ra es amica mea1 et macula non e/ 9 te1--,?\ art all fair1 my love1 !re is no spot 9 !e4 ,i h also se5 ! texts1 ,ps4 xxii4 #aj1 & ,prov4 viii4 #bb1 #bh1 xxxi4 #bi1 ?us appli$1 z well z o!r passages f ! v poetical (fice ( ! ,virg9 ,9 ,fe/o ,immaculat ,conceptionis4 ,we mu/ be c>eful to discrim9ate betwe5 ! ,conception1 s /yl$ by ecclesia/ical au?ority1 & t s+ul> & my/ical repres5tation :i* is sometimes call$ ! ,pr$e/9ation ( ,m>y1 & sometimes ! ,litanies ( ! ,virg94 ,collectors & writ]s on art mu/ be> 9 m9d1 t ! =m]1 z a subject1 dates only f ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! latt] f ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5?4 ,al?\gh1 z repres5tations1 s v simil>1 yet ! int5tion & mean+ are diff]5t4 ,9 ! ,conception x is ! s9less ,virg9 9 h] p]sonal "*1 :o is held up to rev]5ce1 z ! pure/1 wise/1 holie/1 ( creat$ be+s4 ,! e>li] !me involves a yet m recondite signification4 ,x is1 und\bt$ly1 to be reg>d$ z an attempt on ! "p ( ! arti/ to express1 9 a visible =m1 ! idea or promise ( ! r$emption ( ! human race1 z exi/+ 9 ! ,sov]eign ,m9d be=e ! beg9n+ ( ?+s4 ,!y d n p]sonify ?is idea "u ! image ( ,*ri/1--= !y conceiv$ t1 z ! second p]son ( ! ,tr9ity1 he c\ld n be 8 own in/rum5t1--b by ! image ( ,m>y surr\nd$ by ^? attributes :i* 7 aft]w>ds introduc$ into ! pictures ( ! ,conception3 or sett+ h] foot1 z second ,eve1 on ! head ( ! pro/rate s]p5t4 ,n seldom1 9 a s]ies ( subjects f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! p5dant to ,eve hold+ ! apple is ,m>y cru%+ ! head ( ! fi5d2 & ?us ! bane & antidote are bo? be=e u4 ,?is is ! prop] int]pretation ( ^? effigies1 s preval5t 9 e =m ( art dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury1 & :i* are (t51 b errone\sly1 /yl$ ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,! num]\s heads ( ! ,virg9 :i* proce$$ f ! lat] s*ools ( ,italy & ,spa91 :]e9 %e appe>s nei!r veil$ nor cr[n$1 b v "y1 & ) fl[+ hair & :ite ve/ure1 are int5d$ to embody ! popul> idea ( ! ,madonna purissima1 ( ! ,virg9 mo/ pure1 conceiv$ )\t s91 9 an abridg$ =m4 ,!re is "o by ,murillo1 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,hol=d2 & ano!r by ,guido1 :i* w give an idea ( ! treatm5t4 ,be=e quitt+ ! subject ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,i mu/ ref] to a v curi\s picture#a call$ an ,assumption1 b c]ta9ly pa9t$ at lea/ "o hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,immaculate ,conception 0 au?oriz$ z a ,*ur* subject4 ,footnote #a3 ,once 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,solly1 & n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,bromley ( ,woott54 ,f ! ye> #adif1 :5 ,sixtus ,,iv4 promulgat$ 8 ,bull1 & ! ,sorbonne put =? _! fam\s decree1--at a "t :5 !re 0 less ( fai? & religi\s feel+ 9 ,italy ?an ev] be=e1--?is ab/ract dogma became a sort ( wat*word ) !ological disputants2 n ecclesia/ics only1 ! lit]ati & ! reign+ p[]s took an int]e/ 9 ! controv]sy1 & 7 array$ on "o side or ! o!r4 ,! ,borgias1 = in/ance1 7 oppos$ to x4 ,j at ?is p]iod1 ! s+ul> picture ,i allude to 0 pa9t$ by ,girolamo da ,cotignola4 ,x is m5tion$ by ,lanzi1 b 8 acc\nt ( x is n q correct4 ,above1 9 glory1 is se5 ! ,padre ,et]no1 surr\nd$ by *]ubim be>+ a scroll1 on :i* is inscrib$1 ,non enim pro te s$ pro omnibus hec lex con/itutura e/4#a ,l[] d[n ! ,virg9 /&s on cl\ds1 ) h&s jo9$1 & attir$ 9 a :ite tunic embroid]$ ) gold1 a blue mantle l9$ ) r$1 &1 :i* is q s+ul> & unor?odox1 black %oes4 ,bel[1 on ! e>?1 & to ! "r1 /&s a bi%op )\t a glory1 hold+ a scroll1 on :i* is inscrib$1 ,non puto v] esse amatorem ,virg9is qui respuit celebr>e ,fe/um su ,conceptionis2 on ! left is ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,9 ! c5tre are ?ree kneel+ figures3 on "o side ,/4 ,ca!r9e 7or p]haps ,cat]9a ,s=za 9 ! "* ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 = ! head looks l a portrait72 on ! o!r an eld]ly woman1 ,g9evra ,tiepolo1 wid[ ( ,giovanni ,s=za1 la/ pr9ce ( ,pes>o2 #b betwe5 !m ! little ,co/anzo ,s=za1 look+ up ) a *>m+ dev\t expression4 #c ,und]nea? is ,inscrib$1 ,,junip]a ,,sfo/ia ,,patria ,a ,,m>ito ,,recepta4 ,,exvoto ,,mcccccxii4 ,giovanni ,s=za _h be5 dispossess$ ( 8 dom9ions by ! ,borgias1 aft] 8 divorce f ,lucrezia1 & di$ 9 #aeja4 ,! ,borgias ceas$ to reign 9 #aeab2 & ,g9evra1 app>5tly re/or$ to h] c\ntry1 d$icat$ ?is picture1 at once a memorial ( h] gratitude & ( h] fai?4 ,x rema9$ ov] ! high-alt> ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,s]viti1 at ,pes>o1 till acquir$ by ,mr4 ,solly1 f :om x 0 pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,bromley4 #d ,footnote #a3 ,f ! ,(fice ( ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,footnote #b3 ,?is ,giovanni 0 ! fir/ husb& ( ,lucrezia ,borgia4 ,footnote #c3 ,lanzi calls ?is *ild ,co/anzo ,,ii41 pr9ce ( ,pes>o4 ,v int]e/+ memoirs ( all ! p]sonages "h ref]r$ to may be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,d5ni/\n's ,dukes ( ,urb9o4 ,footnote #d3 ,girolamo ,m>*esi da ,cotignola1 0 a pa9t] ( ! ,francia s*ool1 ^: works date f ab\t #aejh to #aeej4 ,^? ( 8 pictures :i* ,i h se5 are ( v unequal m]it1 &1 ) mu* feel+ & expression 9 ! heads1 are (t5 mann]$ & fanta/ic z compositions4 ,?is agrees ) :at ,vas>i says1 t 8 excell5ce lay 9 portraiture1 = :i* reason he 0 summon$1 aft] ! battle ( ,rav5na1 to pa9t ! portrait ( ,ca/on de ,foix1 z he lay dead4 7,see ,vas>i1 ,vita di ,bagnacavallo2 & 9 ! ,engli% trans41 vol4 iii4 #cca47 ,! picture above describ$1 :i* has a sort ( hi/orical int]e/1 is p]haps ! same m5tion$ 9 ,murray's ,h&book 7,c5tral ,italy1 p4 #aaj47 z an en?ron$ ,madonna1 dat$ #aeac1 & z be+ 9 #ahdc 9 its orig9al place ov] ! alt> 9 ! ,s]viti at ,pes>o2 if s1 x is !re no long]4 ,,devotional ,,subjects4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild4 #a4 ,,la ,,v]g9e ,,madre ,,di ,,dio4 #b4 ,,la ,,ma ,,dre ,,amabile4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,en?ron$4 ,lat4 ,sancta ,dei ,g5itrix4 ,virgo ,deip>a4 ,ital4 ,la ,santissima ,v]g9e1 ,madre di ,dio4 ,fr4 ,la ,sa9te ,vi]ge1 ,mre de ,dieu4 ,g]4 ,die ,heilige ,mutt] ,gottes4 ,! ,virg9 9 h] mat]nal "* op5s ^u u s wide a field ( illu/ration1 t ,i sc>ce "k :]e to beg9 or h[ to f9d my way1 amid ! cr[d ( associations :i* press ^u me4 ,a "m hold+ h] *ild 9 h] arms is no v complex subject2 b l a v simple air con/ruct$ on a few expressive notes1 :i*1 :5 h>moniz$1 is susceptible ( a ?\s& modulations1 & v>iations1 & accompanim5ts1 :ile ! orig9al motif nev] loses its p[] to speak to ! he>t2 s x is ) ! ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild2--a subject s consecrat$ by its antiquity1 s hall[$ by its pr(\nd significance1 s ende>$ by its associations ) ! s(te/ & deepe/ ( our human sympa?ies1 t ! m9d has nev] we>i$ ( its repetition1 nor ! eye become satiat$ ) its beauty4 ,^? :o refuse to give x ! hon\r due to a religi\s repres5tation1 yet reg>d x ) a t5d] half-unwill+ homage2 & :5 ! glorifi$ type ( :at is pure/1 l(tie/1 holie/ 9 womanhood1 /&s be=e u1 array$ 9 all ! maje/y & beauty t accompli%$ ,art1 inspir$ by fai? & love1 c\ld l5d h]1 & be>+ h] div9e ,son1 r en?ron$ ?an su/a9$ on h] mat]nal bosom1 we look1 & ! he>t is 9 heav56 & x is difficult1 v difficult1 to refra9 f an ,ora pro ,nobis4 ,b be=e we attempt to classify ^! lovely & popul> effigies1 9 all _! inf9ite v>iety1 f ! en?ron$ gr&eur ( ! ,que5 ( ,heav51 ! ,,sancta ,,dei ,,g5itrix1 d[n to ! peasant "m1 swaddl+ or suckl+ h] infant2 or to int]pret ! innum]able %ades ( significance convey$ by ! att5dant accessories1 we mu/ endeav\r to trace ! repres5tation itself to its orig94 ,?is is difficult4 ,!re exi/s no pro(1 ,i believe1 t ! effigies ( ! ,virg9 ) ! infant ,*ri/ 9 h] arms1 :i* exi/$ be=e ! end ( ! fif? c5tury1 7 plac$ be=e ,*ri/ian wor%ipp]s z objects ( v5]ation4 ,!y appe> to h be5 m]ely gr\ps repres5t+ a p>ticul> incid5t ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 namely1 ! adoration ( ! ,magi2 = ,i f9d no o!r 9 :i* ! "m is seat$ ) ! infant ,*ri/1 & ?is is an hi/orical subject ( :i* we %all h to speak h]eaft]4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury1 t is1 f ! "t ( ,con/ant9e & ! condemnation ( ,arius1 ! popul> rev]5ce = ! ,virg91 ! ,"m ( ,*ri/1 _h be5 ga9+ gr\nd2 & at ! same "t ! introduction ( images & pictures into ! places ( wor%ip & into ! h\ses ( ,*ri/ians1 z ornam5ts on glass vessels & ev5 embroid]$ on g>m5ts & curta9s1 became m & m diffus$1 7v4 ,ne&]'s ,*ur* ,hi/ory47 ,! e>lie/ effigies ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild may be trac$ to ,alex&ria1 & to ,egyptian influ5ces2 & x is z easily conceivable t ! "t-consecrat$ ,egyptian my? ( ,isis & ,horus may h sugge/$ ! orig9al type1 ! outw>d =m & ! arrangem5t ( ! mat]nal gr\p1 z t ! classical ,greek types ( ! ,orpheus & ,apollo %\ld h furni%$ ! e>ly symbols ( ! ,r$eem] z ! ,good ,%eph]d2 a fact :i* does n re/ ^u supposition1 b ( :i* ! pro(s rema9 to u 9 ! antique ,*ri/ian sculptures & ! pa9t+s 9 ! catacombs4 ,! mo/ anci5t ,greek figures ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild h p]i%$2 b1 z f> z ,i c le>n1 !re is no evid5ce t ^! effigies 7 recogniz$ by ! ,*ur* z sacr$ be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury4 ,x 0 ! ,ne/orian s*ism :i* fir/ gave to ! gr\p ( ! ,"m be>+ h] div9e ,son t religi\s importance & significance :i* x has ev] s9ce reta9$ 9 ,ca?olic c\ntries4 ,! div9ity ( ,*ri/ & 8 miracul\s conception1 once e/abli%$ z articles ( belief1 naturally imp>t$ to ,m>y1 8 "m1 a dignity beyond t ( o!r mo!rs h] ,son 0 ,god2 !re=e ! title ( ,,"m ,,( ,,god 0 assign$ to h]4 ,:5 or by :om fir/ br\ght into use1 does n appe>2 b ab\t ! ye> #djj x became a popul> designation4 ,ne/orias1 patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople 9 #dbh1 _h begun by p]secut+ ! ,arians2 b :ile he insi/$ t 9 ,jesus 7 comb9$ two p]sons & two natures1 he insi/$ t ! ,virg9 ,m>y 0 ! "m ( ,*ri/ consid]$ z man1 b n ! "m ( ,*ri/ consid]$ z ,god2 & t1 consequ5tly1 all ^? :o gave h] ! title ( ,dei ,g5itrix1 ,deip>a1#a 7 9 error4 ,!re 7 _m :o adopt$ ^! op9ions1 b by a l>ge portion ( ! ,*ur* !y 7 repudiat$ ) horror1 z utt]ly subv]t+ ! doctr9e ( ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,cyril ( ,alex&ria oppos$ ,ne/orius & 8 foll[]s1 & def5d$ ) zeal\s en?usiasm ! claims ( ! ,virg9 to all ! rev]5ce & wor%ip due to h]2 =1 z he argu$1 ! two natures be+ "o & indivisible f ! mom5t ( ! miracul\s conception1 x foll[$ t ,m>y did inde$ br+ =? ,god1--01 9 fact1 ! "m ( ,god2 &1 all :o took away f h] ?is dignity & title 7 9 error1 & to be condemn$ z h]etics4 ,footnote #a3 ,! inscription on ! ,greek & ,byzant9e pictures is actually ,greek3 ,m,ae,r ,th,u 7,greek3 ,mhaeta] ,!os74 ,i hope ,i %all n be consid]$ irrev]5t 9 ?us pla9ly & simply /at+ ! gr\nds ( ?is celebrat$ s*ism1 ) ref]5ce to its influ5ce on ,art2 an influ5ce incalculable1 n only at ! "t1 b ev] s9ce t "t2 ( :i* ! manifold results1 trac$ f c5tury to c5tury d[n to ! pres5t h\r1 w\ld rema9 q un9telligible1 unless we cle>ly und]/ood ! orig9 & ! issue ( ! controv]sy4 ,cyril1 :o 0 z en?usia/ic & indomitable z ,ne/orius1 & _h ! advantage ( tak+ ! positive aga9/ ! negative side ( ! "q1 ana!matiz$ ! doctr9es ( 8 oppon5t1 9 a synod held at ,alex&ria 9 #dcj1 to :i* ,pope ,cele/9e ,,ii gave ! sanction ( 8 au?ority4 ,! emp]or ,!odosius ,,ii !n call$ a g5]al c\ncil at ,ephesus 9 #dca1 be=e :i* ,ne/orius refus$ to appe>1 & 0 depos$ f 8 dignity ( patri>* by ! suffrages ( #bjj bi%ops4 ,b ?is did n put an end to ! controv]sy2 ! /reets ( ,ephesus 7 di/urb$ by ! brawls & ! pavem5t ( ! ca!dral 0 lit]ally /a9$ ) ! blood ( ! cont5d+ p>ties ,!odosius arre/$ bo? ! patri>*s2 b aft] ! lapse ( only a few days1 ,cyril triumph$ ov] 8 adv]s>y3 ) him triumph$ ! cause ( ! ,virg94 ,ne/orius 0 depos$ & exil$2 8 writ+s condemn$ to ! flames2 b /ill ! op9ions he _h advocat$ 7 adopt$ by numb]s1 :o 7 reg>d$ z h]etics by ^? :o call$ !mselves ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! long cont9uance ( ?is controv]sy1 ! ob/9acy ( ! ,ne/orians1 ! passionate zeal ( ^? :o held ! opposite doctr9es1 & _! ultimate triumph :5 ! ,we/]n ,*ur*es ( ,rome & ,c>?age decl>$ 9 _! fav\r1 all t5d$ to multiply & dissem9ate f> & wide ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom ^? images ( ! ,virg9 :i* exhibit$ h] z ,"m ( ! ,godhead4 ,at l5g? ! ecclesia/ical au?orities1 head$ by ,pope ,gregory ! ,great1 /amp$ !m z or?odox3 & z ! cross _h be5 ! primeval symbol :i* di/+ui%$ ! ,*ri/ian f ! ,pagan1 s ! image ( ! ,virg9 ,"m ) h] ,*ild n[ became ! symbol :i* di/+ui%$ ! ,ca?olic ,*ri/ian f ! ,ne/orian ,diss5t]4 ,?us x appe>s t if ! fir/ religi\s repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 7 n a consequ5ce ( ! ,ne/orian s*ism1 yet ! consecration ( su* effigies z ! visible =m ( a !ological dogma to ! purposes ( wor%ip & ecclesia/ical decoration mu/ date f ! ,c\ncil ( ,ephesus 9 #dca2 & _! popul>ity & g5]al diffusion ?r\gh\t ! we/]n ,*ur*es1 f ! pontificate ( ,gregory 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury4 ,9 ! mo/ anci5t ( ^! effigies :i* rema91 we h cle>ly only a symbol2 a half figure1 veil$1 ) h&s outspread1 & ! half figure ( a *ild plac$ aga9/ h] bosom1 )\t any s5tim5t1 )\t ev5 ! action ( su/a9+ him4 ,su* 0 ! =mal b q intelligible sign2 b x soon became m1 x became a repres5tation4 ,z x 0 9 ! ,ea/ t ! cause ( ! ,virg9 fir/ triumph$1 we might naturally expect to f9d ! e>lie/ examples 9 ! old ,greek *ur*es2 b ^! mu/ h p]i%$ 9 ! furi\s onslaught made by ! ,iconocla/s on all ! sacr$ images4 ,! controv]sy betwe5 ! image-wor%ipp]s & ! image-break]s1 :i* di/ract$ ! ,ea/ = m ?an a c5tury 7t is1 f #gbf to #hdj71 did n1 h[ev]1 ext5d to ! we/ ( ,europe4 ,we f9d ! primeval ,byzant9e type1 or at lea/ ! exact reproduction ( x1 9 ! mo/ anci5t we/]n *ur*es1 & pres]v$ to u 9 ! mosaics ( ,rome1 ,rav5na1 & ,capua4 ,^! rema9s are ne>ly all ( ! same date1 mu* lat] ?an ! s+le figures ( ,*ri/ z ,r$eem]1 & belong+ un=tunately to a l[] p]iod & /yle ( art4 ,! true significance ( ! repres5tation is n1 h[ev]1 left d\btful2 = all ! e>lie/ traditions & inscriptions are 9 ?is agre$1 t su* effigies 7 int5d$ z a confession ( fai?2 an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! dignity ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 z ! ,,sancta ,,dei ,,g5itrix2 z a visible refutation ( ! infam\s1 iniquit\s1 & sacrilegi\s doctr9es ( ,ne/orius ! ,h]esi>*4#a ,footnote #a3 ,mo/r&o quod ipsa ,deip>a esset contra impiam ,ne/orii ,h]esium quam talem esse i/e ,h]esi>eo negabat ,vide ,ciamp9i1 & ,munt]'s ,s9nbild]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ^! anci5t mosaic figures ( ! ,virg91 en?ron$ ) h] infant ,son1 7 ! precursors & models ( all t 0 aft]w>ds conceiv$ & execut$ 9 art1 we mu/ exam9e !m 9 detail be=e proce$+ fur!r4 ,! mosaic ( ! ca!dral ( ,capua repres5ts 9 ! highe/ place ! half figure ( ,*ri/ 9 ! act ( b5$iction4 ,9 "o ( ! sp&rels1 to ! "r1 is ! prophet ,isaiah1 be>+ a scroll1 on :i* is inscrib$1 ,ecce ,dom9us 9 =titud9e v5iet1 et bra*ium ejus dom9ibatur1--,! ,"l ,god w come ) /rong h&1 & 8 arm %all rule = him4 7,isaiah1 *4 xl4 v4 #aj47 ,on ! left /&s ,j]emiah1 also ) a scroll & ! words1 ,=tissime1 magne1 et pat5s ,dom9us ex]cituum nom5 tibi1--,! great1 ! mighty ,god1 ! ,"l ( ho/s is 8 "n4 7,j]emiah1 *4 xxxii4 v4 #ah47 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! vault b5ea?1 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a ri* ?rone1 a foot/ool "u h] feet2 %e we>s a cr[n ov] h] veil4 ,*ri/1 seat$ on h] knee1 & clo!d1 holds a cross 9 8 left h&2 ! "r is rais$ is b5$iction4 ,on "o side ( ! ?rone /& ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,/eph52 on ! o!r ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,aga?a1 to :om ! *ur* is d$icat$4 ,! ,greek monogram ( ! ,virg9 is inscrib$ bel[ ! ?rone4 ,! next 9 date :i* rema9s visible1 is ! gr\p 9 ! apsis ( ,s4 ,m>ia-della-,navicella 7,rome71 execut$ ab\t #hbj1 9 ! "t ( ,pas*al ,i1 a pontiff :o 0 v rem>kable = ! zeal ) :i* he rebuilt & adorn$ ! !n half-ru9$ *ur*es ( ,rome4 ,! ,virg91 ( colossal size1 is seat$ on a ?rone2 h] robe & veil are blue2 ! infant ,*ri/1 9 a gold-col\r$ ve/1 is seat$ 9 h] lap1 & raises 8 h& to bless ! wor%ipp]s4 ,on ea* side ( ! ,virg9 is a gr\p ( ador+ angels2 at h] feet kneels ! dim9utive figure ( ,pope ,pas*al4 ,9 ! ,santa ,m>ia-,nova 7call$ also1 ,santa ,francesca1 ,rome71 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a ?rone we>+ a ri* cr[n1 z que5 ( heav54 ,! infant ,*ri/ /&s ^u h] knee2 %e has "o h& on h] bosom & su/a9s him ) ! o!r4 ,on ! faade ( ! portico ( ! ,s4 ,m>ia-9-,tra/ev]e at ,rome1 ! ,virg9 is en?ron$1 & cr[n$1 & giv+ h] brea/ to ! ,*ild4 ,?is mosaic is ( lat] date ?an t 9 ! apsis1 b is "o ( ! olde/ examples ( a repres5tation :i* 0 evid5tly direct$ aga9/ ! h]etical d\bts ( ! ,ne/orians3 ,h[1 said !y1 plead+ be=e ! c\ncil ( ,ephesus1 c we call him ,god :o is only two or ?ree mon?s old2 or suppose ! ,logos to h be5 suckl$ & to increase 9 wisdom8 ,! ,virg9 9 ! act ( suckl+ h] ,*ild1 is a motif (t5 s9ce repeat$ :5 ! orig9al significance 0 =gott54 ,9 ! *apel ( ,san ,z5o 7,rome71 ! ,virg9 is en?ron$2 ! ,*ild is seat$ on h] knee4 ,he holds a scroll1 on :i* are ! words ,ego sum lux mundi1 ,i am ! light ( ! _w2 ! "r h& is rais$ 9 b5$iction4 ,above is ! monogram ,greek3 ,m-,r ,th,u1 ,,m>ia ,,mat] ,,dei4 ,9 ! mosaics1 f ! eigh? to ! elev5? c5tury1 we f9d ,art at a v l[ ebb4 ,! backgr\nd is flat gold1 n a blue heaves ) its gold5 />s1 z 9 ! e>ly mosaics ( ! fif? & six? c5turies4 ,! figures are ill-proportion$2 ! faces consi/ ( l9es )\t any attempt at =m or expression4 ,! drap]ies1 h[ev]1 h a c]ta9 amplitude2 & ! "* ( a few accessories1 = example1 ! cr[n on ! ,virg9's heads in/ead ( ! inv>iable ,byzant9e veil1 betrays1 says ,kugl]1 a nor!rn & probably a ,franki% influ5ce4 ,! att5dant sa9ts1 g5]ally ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 /&1 /iff & upright on ea* side4 ,b ) all _! faults1 ^! gr&1 =mal1 significant gr\ps--or r n gr\ps1 = !re 0 z yet no attempt ei!r at gr\p+ or v>iety ( action1 = t w\ld h be5 consid]$ irrev]5t--b ^! r[s ( figures1 7 ! models ( ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s & mosaic-work]s 9 _! l>ge ar*itectural mosaics & alt>-pieces set up 9 ! *ur*es dur+ ! revival ( ,art1 f ! p]iod ( ,cimabue & ,&rea ,tafi d[n to ! latt] half ( ! ?irte5? c5tury3 all p>took ( ?is lifeless1 motionless "*1 & 71 at ! same "t1 t\*$ ) ! same solemn religi\s feel+4 ,& long aft]w>ds1 :5 ! arrangem5t became less =mal & conv5tional1 _! influ5ce may /ill be trac$ 9 ^? noble en?ron$ ,madonnas1 :i* repres5t ! ,virg9 z que5 ( heav5 & ( angels1 ei!r alone1 or ) att5dant sa9ts1 & m>tyrs1 & v5]able confessors wait+ r\nd h] /ate4 ,! g5]al disposition ( ! two figures v>ies b little 9 ! e>lie/ examples :i* exi/ = u 9 pa9t+1 & :i* are1 9 fact1 v mu* alike4 ,! ,madonna seat$ on a ?rone1 we>+ a r$ tunic & a blue mantle1 "p ( :i* is drawn z a veil ov] h] head1 holds ! infant ,*ri/1 clo!d 9 a r$ or blue tunic4 ,%e looks /raight out ( ! picture ) h] head a little decl9$ to "o side4 ,*ri/ has ! "r h& rais$ 9 b5$iction1 & ! o!r ext5d$4 ,su* 7 ! simple1 maje/ic1 & decor\s effigies1 ! legitimate successors ( ! old ar*itectural mosaics1 & usually plac$ ov] ! high alt> ( a *ur* or *apel4 ,! e>lie/ examples :i* h be5 pres]v$ are = t reason celebrat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,art4 ,! fir/ is ! en?ron$ ,virg9 ( ,guido da ,si5a1 :o prec$$ ,cimabue by tw5ty or ?irty ye>s4 ,9 ?is picture1 ! ,byzant9e conception & /yle ( execution are adh]$ to1 yet ) a s(t5$ s5tim5t1 a t\* ( m natural1 life-l feel+1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! head ( ! ,*ild4 ,! expression 9 ! face ( ! ,virg9 /ruck me z v g5tle & attractive2 b x has be51 ,i am afraid1 ret\*$1 s t we _c be q sure t we h ! orig9al features4 ,=tunately ,guido has plac$ a date on 8 "w1 ,,mccxxi41 & also inscrib$ on x a di/i*1 :i* %[s t he felt1 ) "s consci\sness & self-complac5cy1 8 sup]iority to 8 ,byzant9e models2-- ,me ,guido de ,s5is diebus dep9xit amo5is ,quem ,*ri/us l5is nullis velit ang]e po5is4#a ,next we may ref] to ! two colossal ,madonnas by ,cimabue1 pres]v$ at ,flor5ce4 ,! fir/1 :i* 0 pa9t$ = ! ,vallombrosian monks ( ! ,s4 ,tr9it1 is n[ 9 ! gall]y ( ! academy4 ,x has all ! /iffness & coldness ( ! ,byzant9e mann]4 ,!re are ?ree ador+ angels on ea* side1 dispos$ "o above ano!r1 & f\r prophets are plac$ bel[ 9 sep>ate ni*es1 half figures1 hold+ 9 _! h&s _! prophetic scrolls1 z 9 ! old mosaic at ,capua1 already describ$4 ,! second is pres]v$ 9 ! ,ruccellai *apel1 9 ! ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 9 its orig9al place4 ,9 spite ( its colossal size1 & =mal attitude1 & sev]e /yle1 ! face ( ?is ,madonna is v /rik+1 & has be5 well describ$ z sweet & une>?ly1 rem9d+ y ( a sibyl4 ,! infant ,*ri/ is also v f9e4 ,!re are ?ree angels on ea* side1 :o seem to su/a9 ! c>v$ *air or ?rone on :i* ! ,madonna is seat$2 & ! prophets1 in/ead1 ( be+ bel[1 are pa9t$ 9 small circul> m$allions d[n ea* side ( ! frame4 ,! ?rone & ! backgr\nd are cov]$ ) gold4 ,vas>i gives a v graphic & animat$ acc\nt ( ! e/imation 9 :i* ?is picture 0 held :5 fir/ execut$4 ,its colossal dim5sions1 ?\gh famili> 9 ! great mosaics1 7 hi!rto unkn[n 9 pa9t+2 & n less a/oni%+ appe>$ ! deviation1 ?\gh slight1 f ugl9ess & lifelessness into grace & nature4 ,& ?us1 he says1 x happ5$ t ?is "w 0 an object ( s mu* admiration to ! p ( t day1 !y hav+ nev] se5 any?+ bett]1 t x 0 c>ri$ 9 solemn procession1 ) ! s\nd ( trumpets & o!r fe/al demon/rations1 f ! h\se ( ,cimabue to ! *ur*1 he himself be+ highly rew>d$ & hon\r$ = x4 ,x is fur!r report$1 & may be read 9 c]ta9 records ( old pa9t]s1 t1 :il/ ,cimabue 0 pa9t+ ?is picture1 9 a g>d5 ne> ! gate ( ,san ,pietro1 ,k+ ,*>les ! ,eld]1 ( ,anj\1 pass$ ?r\gh ,flor5ce1 & ! au?orities ( ! city1 among o!r m>ks ( respect1 conduct$ him to see ! picture ( ,cimabue4 ,:5 ?is "w 0 ?us %[n to ! ,k+ x _h n be=e be5 se5 by any "o2 :]e=e all ! m5 & wom5 ( ,flor5ce ha/5$ 9 cr[ds to admire x1 mak+ all possible demon/rations ( delight4 ,! inhabitants ( ! neighb\rhood1 rejoic+ 9 ?is occurr5ce1 ev] aft]w>ds call$ t place ,borgo ,allegri2 & ?is "n x has ev] s9ce reta9$1 al?\gh 9 process ( "t x became enclos$ )9 ! walls ( ! city4 ,footnote #a3 ,! mean+1 = x is n easy to translate lit]ally1 is ,me1 ha? pa9t$1 9 pleasant days1 ,guido ( ,si5a1 ,^u ^: s\l may ,*ri/ deign to h m]cy6 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! /rictly devotional repres5tations ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 %e is inv>iably seat$1 till ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury3 & = ! next hundr$ ye>s ! innovation ( a /&+ figure 0 conf9$ to sculpture4 ,an e>ly example is ! beautiful /atue by ,niccol ,pisano1 9 ! ,capella della ,sp9a at ,pisa2 & o!rs w be f\nd 9 ,cicogn>a'a "w 7,/oria della ,scultura ,mod]na74 ,! ,go?ic ca!drals1 ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 also exhibit "s mo/ graceful examples ( ! ,madonna 9 sculpture1 /&+ on a p$e/al1 cr[n$ or veil$1 su/a9+ on h] left arm ! div9e ,*ild1 :ile 9 h] "r %e holds a sceptre or p]haps a fl[]4 ,su* cr[n$ or sceptr$ effigies ( ! ,virg9 7 plac$ on ! c5tral pill> :i* usually divid$ ! great door ( a *ur* into two equal p>ts2 9 ref]5ce to ! text1 ,i am ! ,,door2 by me if any man ent] 91 he %all be sav$4 ,9 ,roman ,ca?olic c\ntries we f9d su* effigies set up at ! corn]s ( /reets1 ov] ! doors ( h\ses1 & ! gates ( g>d5s1 sometimes rude & co>se1 sometimes exce$+ly graceful1 accord+ to ! p]iod ( art & skill ( ! local arti/4 ,"h ! ,virg9 appe>s 9 h] "* ( ,protectress--our ,lady ( ,grace1 or our ,lady ( ,succ\r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 pictures1 we r>ely f9d ! ,virg9 /&+1 be=e ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,an almo/ s+ul> example is to be f\nd 9 an old ,greek ,madonna1 v5]at$ z miracul\s1 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,orvieto1 "u ! title ( ,la ,madonna di ,san ,brizio1 & to :i* is attribut$ a fabul\s antiquity4 ,i may be mi/ak51 b my impression1 on see+ x1 01 t x c\ld n be old] ?an ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! cr[ns worn by ! ,virg9 & ,*ri/ are ev5 m mod]n1 & out ( "* ) ! re/ ( ! pa9t+4 ,9 ,italy ! pupils ( ,giotto fir/ began to repres5t ! ,virg9 /&+ on a rais$ dais4 ,!re is an example by ,puccio ,capanna1 engrav$ 9 d',ag9c\rt's "w2 b su* figures are v uncommon4 ,9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies !y occur m frequ5tly 9 ! nor!rn ?an 9 ! ,italian s*ools4 ,9 ! simple en?ron$ ,madonna1 v>iations ( attitude & s5tim5t 7 gradually introduc$4 ,! ,virg91 in/ead ( support+ h] ,son ) bo? h&s1 embraces him ) "o h&1 & ) ! o!r po9ts to him2 or raises h] "r h& to bless ! wor%ipp]4 ,!n ! ,*ild c>esses 8 "m1--a *>m+ & natural idea1 b a deviation f ! solemnity ( ! purely religi\s significance2 bett] imag9$1 h[ev]1 to convey ! relation betwe5 ! "m & *ild1 ?an ! ,virg9 suckl+ h] infant1 to :i* ,i h already allud$ 9 its e>ly religi\s1 or r controv]sial mean+4 ,x is n (t5 t ! en?ron$ ,virg9 is ?us occupi$4 ,mr4 ,rog]s _h 9 8 collection an exquisite example :]e ! ,virg91 seat$ 9 /ate on a magnific5t ?rone "u a ,go?ic canopy & cr[n$ z que5 ( heav51 (f]s h] brea/ to ! div9e ,infant ,!n ! ,"m adores h] ,*ild4 ,?is is prop]ly ! ,madre ,pia aft]w>ds s beautifully v>i$4 ,he lies ext5d$ on h] knee1 & %e looks d[n ^u him ) h&s fold$ 9 pray]3 or %e places h] h& "u 8 foot1 an attitude :i* orig9ally impli$ h] ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 sov]eignty & sup]iority1 b 0 cont9u$ z a natural motif :5 ! figurative & religi\s mean+ 0 no long] consid]$4 ,sometimes ! ,*ild looks up 9 8 "m's face ) 8 f+] on 8 lip1 express+ ! ,v]bum sum1 ,i am ! ,^w4 ,sometimes ! ,*ild1 b5d+ =w>ds f 8 "m's knee1 looks d[n b5ignly on ! wor%ipp]s1 :o are suppos$ to be kneel+ at ! foot ( ! alt>4 ,sometimes1 b v r>ely he sleeps2 nev] 9 ! e>lie/ examples2 = to exhibit ! "y ,r$eem] asleep1 :]e he is an object ( wor%ip1 0 !n a species ( solecism4 ,:5 ! en?ron$ ,virg9 is repres5t$ hold+ a book1 or read+1 :ile ! infant ,*ri/1 p]haps1 lays 8 h& ^u x--a v>iation 9 ! fir/ simple treatm5t n e>li] ?an ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & v significant--%e is !n ! ,virgo ,sapi5tissima1 ! mo/ ,wise ,virg92 or ! ,"m ( ,wisdom1 ,mat] ,sapi5ti2 & ! book %e holds is ! ,book ( ,wisdom4#a ,?is is ! prop] int]pretation1 :]e ! ,virg9 is seat$ on h] ?rone4 ,9 a mo/ beautiful picture by ,granacci 7,b]l9 ,gal471 %e is ?us en?ron$1 & read+ int5tly2 :ile ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,mi*ael /& on ea* side4 ,footnote #a3 ,l',abb ,crosni]1 ,iconographie ,*rti5ne2 b ! book z an attribute _h ano!r mean+1 = :i*1 see ! ,introduction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) reg>d to co/ume1 ! col\rs 9 :i* ! en?ron$ ,virg9-,"m 0 array$ sc>cely ev] v>i$ f ! e/abli%$ rule3 h] tunic 0 to be r$1 h] mantle blue2 r$1 ! col\r ( love1 & religi\s aspiration2 blue1 ! col\r ( con/ancy & heav5ly purity4 ,9 ! pictures ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 & d[n to ! e>ly "p ( ! fifte5?1 ^! col\rs are ( a s(t & delicate t9t1--rose & pale azure2 b aft]w>ds1 :5 p[]ful effects ( col\r became a /udy1 we h ! int5se crimson1 & ! d>k blue v]g+ on purple4 ,sometimes ! blue mantle is br\ght ov] h] head1 sometimes %e we>s a :ite veil1 9 o!r in/ances ! que5ly cr[n4 ,sometimes 7b v r>ely :5 %e is ?ron$ z ! ,reg9a ,coeli7 %e has no cov]+ or ornam5t on h] head2 & h] fair hair p>t$ on h] br[1 fl[s d[n on ei!r side 9 long luxuriant tresses4 ,9 ! ,v5etian & ,g]man pictures1 %e is (t5 mo/ gorge\sly array$2 h] cr[n /udd$ ) jewels1 h] robe cov]$ ) embroid]y1 or bord]$ ) gold & pe>ls4 ,! ornam5tal p>ts ( h] dress & ?rone 7 sometimes1 to increase ! magnific5ce ( ! effect1 rais$ 9 relief & gilt4 ,to ! e>ly ,g]man pa9t]s1 we might too (t5 apply ! s>casm ( ,apelles1 :o said ( 8 rival1 t1 n be+ able to make ,v5us beautiful he _h made h] f9e2 b "s ( ! ,v5etian ,madonnas are lovely z well z spl5did4 ,gold 0 (t5 us$1 & 9 great pr(usion1 9 "s ( ! ,lomb>d pictures ev5 ( a late date2 = in/ance1 by ,c>lo ,crivelli3 be=e ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ?is 0 consid]$ b>b>ic4 ,! be/ ,italian pa9t]s gave ! ,virg9 ample1 well dispos$ drap]y1 b disp5s$ ) ornam5t4 ,! /> embroid]$ on h] %\ld]1 s (t5 reta9$ :5 all o!r ornam5t 0 bani%$1 expresses h] title ,/ella ,m>is4 ,i h se5 "s old pictures1 9 :i* %e we>s a r+ on ! ?ird f+]4 ,?is expresses h] dignity z ! ,sposa z well z ! ,"m4 ,) reg>d to ! div9e ,infant1 he is1 9 ! e>ly pictures1 inv>iably drap$1 & x is n till ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury t we f9d him fir/ p>tially & !n :olly undrap$4 ,9 ! old repres5tations1 he we>s a long tunic ) full sleeves1 fa/5$ ) a girdle4 ,x is sometimes ( gold /uff embroid]$1 sometimes :ite1 crimson1 or blue4 ,?is almo/ regal robe 0 aft]w>ds ex*ang$ = a little semi-transp>5t %irt )\t sleeves4 ,9 pictures ( ! ?ron$ ,madonna pa9t$ expressly = nunn]ies1 ! ,*ild is1 ,i believe1 always clo!d1 or ! ,"m p>tly infolds him 9 h] own drap]y4 ,9 ! ,umbrian pictures ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! ,infant (t5 we>s a coral necklace1 !n & n[ worn by *ildr5 9 t di/rict1 z a *>m aga9/ ! evil eye4 ,9 ! ,v5etian pictures he has sometimes a coronal ( pe>ls4 ,9 ! c>v$ & pa9t$ images set up 9 *ur*es1 he we>s1 l 8 "m1 a ri* cr[n ov] a curl$ wig1 & is hung r\nd ) jewels2 b su* images mu/ be consid]$ z out ( ! pale ( legitimate art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ! v>i\s objects plac$ 9 ! h& ( ! ,*ild z emblems ,i h already spok51 & ( _! sacr$ significance z su*1--! globe1 ! book1 ! bird1 ! fl[]1 c4 ,9 ! works ( ! ignorant secul> arti/s ( lat] times1 ^! symbols ( p[]1 or div9ity1 or wisdom1 became m]e play?+s2 & :5 !y _h become famili>1 & requir$ by cu/om1 & ! old sacr$ associations utt]ly =gott51 we f9d !m mo/ pr(anely appli$ & misus$4 ,to give "o example3--! bird 0 orig9ally plac$ 9 ! h& ( ,*ri/ z ! emblem ( ! s\l1 or ( ! spiritual z oppos$ to ! e>?ly nature2 9 a picture by ,b>occio1 he holds x up be=e a cat1 to be fright5$ & torm5t$4#a ,b to proce$4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,our ,"l1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! ,f9e ,arts1 ! devotional & *>act]i/ic effigies ( ! infant ,*ri/1 & ! accompany+ attributes1 w be treat$ at l5g?4 ,! ?rone on :i* ! ,virg9 is seat$1 is1 9 v e>ly pictures1 m]ely an embroid]$ cu%ion on a sort ( /ool1 or a c>v$ ,go?ic *air1 su* z we see 9 ! ?rones & /alls ( ca!drals4 ,x is aft]w>ds conv]t$ into a ri* ar*itectural ?rone1 mo/ elaborately adorn$1 accord+ to ! ta/e & skill ( ! arti/4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! e>ly ,v5etian pictures1 x is hung ) g>l&s ( fruits & fl[]s1 mo/ fancifully dispos$4 ,sometimes ! arabesque ornam5ts are rais$ 9 relief & gilt4 ,sometimes ! ?rone is curi\sly pa9t$ to imitate v>i\s m>bles1 & adorn$ ) m$allions & bas-reliefs f ^? subjects ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* h a ref]5ce to ! "* ( ! ,virg9 & ! mission ( h] div9e ,*ild2 ! commone/ ( all be+ ! ,fall1 :i* r5d]$ a ,r$eem] necess>y4 ,moses /rik+ ! rock 7! wat]s ( life7--! elevation ( ! braz5 s]p5t--! ga!r+ ( ! manna--or ,moses hold+ ! brok5 tablets ( ! old law1--all types ( r$emption1 are (t5 ?us introduc$ z ornam5ts4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ! purely religi\s s5tim5t _h decl9$1 & a classical & pr(ane ta/e _h infect$ e dep>tm5t ( art & lit]ature1 we f9d ! ?rone ( ! ,virg9 adorn$ ) classical ornam5ts & bas-reliefs f ! antique rema9s2 z1 = in/ance1 ! hunt ( ,!seus & ,hippolyta4 ,we mu/ !n suppose h] ?ron$ on ! ru9s ( paganism1 an idea sugge/$ by ! old leg5ds1 :i* repres5t ! temples & /atues ( ! hea!n gods z fall+ into ru9 on ! approa* ( ! ,virg9 & h] ,*ild2 & a m picturesque application ( ?is idea aft]w>ds became common 9 o!r subjects4 ,9 ,g>(alo's picture ! ?rone is adorn$ ) ,sph9xes-- l'antique4 ,&rea del ,s>to has plac$ h>pies at ! corn] ( ! p$e/al ( ! ?rone1 9 8 fam\s ,madonna di ,san ,francesco 7,flor5ce ,gal471--a gross fault 9 t o!rwise gr& & faultless picture2 "o ( ^? desecrations ( a religi\s !me :i* ,&rea1 z devoid ( religi\s feel+ z he 0 weak & di%one/1 0 9 ! habit ( committ+4 ,b :atev] ! mat]ial or /yle ( ! ?rone1 :e!r simple or gorge\s1 x is suppos$ to be a heav5ly ?rone4 ,x is n ( ! e>?1 nor on ! e>?2 & at fir/ x 0 alone & unapproa*able4 ,! ,virg9-"m1 ?us seat$ 9 h] maje/y1 ap>t f all human be+s1 & 9 communion only ) ! ,infant ,godhead on h] knee1 or ! liv+ wor%ipp]s :o come to lay d[n _! c>es & sorr[s at ! foot ( h] ?rone & brea! a dev\t ,salve ,reg9a6--is1 ?r\gh its v simplicity & conc5trat$ int]e/1 a sublime conception4 ,! effect ( ^! figures1 9 _! div9e quietude & lovel9ess1 c nev] be appreciat$ :5 hung 9 a gall]y or room ) o!r pictures1 = admiration1 or criticism1 or comp>ison4 ,i rememb] well sudd5ly discov]+ su* a ,madonna1 9 a retir$ *apel 9 ,s4 ,francesco della ,vigna at ,v5ice1--a picture ,i _h nev] he>d (1 by a pa9t] !n q unkn[n to me1 ,fra ,antonio da ,negroponte1 a ,franciscan fri> :o liv$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! calm dignity ( ! attitude1 ! sweetness1 ! ador+ love 9 ! face ( ! que5ly "m z ) fold$ h&s %e look$ d[n on ! div9e ,infant recl9+ on h] knee1 s /ruck ^u my he>t1 t ,i rema9$ = m9utes q motionless4 ,9 ?is picture1 no?+ c exce$ ! gorge\s spl5dor ( ! ,virg9's ?rone & app>el3 %e we>s a jewell$ cr[n2 ! ,*ild a coronal ( pe>ls2 :ile ! backgr\nd is compos$ entirely ( ! my/ical roses tw9$ 9 a sort ( treillage4 ,i rememb]1 too1 a picture by ,c>lo ,crivelli1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a ?rone1 adorn$1 9 ! arti/'s usual /yle1 ) ri* fe/oons ( fruit & fl[]s4 ,%e is mo/ sumptu\sly cr[n$ & app>ell$2 & ! beautiful ,*ild on h] knee1 grasp+ h] h& z if to support himself1 ) ! mo/ nave & graceful action b5ds =w>d & looks dawn b5ignly on ! wor%ipp]s suppos$ to be kneel+ bel[4 ,:5 human p]sonages 7 admitt$ )9 ! same comp>tm5t1 ! ?rone 0 g5]ally rais$ by sev]al /eps1 or plac$ on a l(ty p$e/al1 & till ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury x 0 always 9 ! c5tre ( ! composition front+ ! spectator4 ,x 0 a ,v5etian innovation to place ! ?rone at "o side ( ! picture1 & %[ ! ,virg9 9 pr(ile or 9 ! act ( turn+ r\nd4 ,?is m sc5ic disposition became aft]w>ds1 9 ! passion = v>iety & effect1 too palpably artificial1 & at l5g? =c$ & !atrical4 ,! ,italians di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,madonna 9 ,trono & ! ,madonna 9 ,gloria4 ,:5 human be+s1 h[ev] sa9t$ & exalt$ 7 admitt$ )9 ! m>g9 ( ! picture1 ! div9e dignity ( ! ,virg9 z ,madre di ,dio1 0 (t5 express$ by elevat+ h] :olly above ! e>?1 & plac+ h] 9 regions mild ( calm & s]5e air1 ) ! cresc5t or ! ra9b[ "u h] feet4 ,?is is /yl$ a ,madonna 9 ,gloria4 ,x is1 9 fact1 a return to ! antique conception ( ! en?ron$ ,r$eem]1 seat$ on a ra9b[1 su/a9$ by ! curl$ cl\ds1 & encircl$ by a glory ( *]ubim4 ,! aureole ( light1 )9 :i* ! glorifi$ ,madonna & h] ,*ild :5 9 a /&+ position are (t5 plac$1 is ( an oblong =m1 call$ f its %ape ! m&orla1 ! almond2#a b 9 g5]al %e is seat$ above 9 a sort ( e!real exaltation1 :ile ! att5dant sa9ts /& on ! e>? bel[4 ,?is beautiful arrangem5t1 ?\gh (t5 v sublimely treat$1 has n ! simple au/]e dignity ( ! ?rone ( /ate1 & :5 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 z 9 ! works ( ! late ,spani% & ,flemi% pa9t]s1 are =m$ out ( e>?'s mo/ co>se & commonplace mat]ials1 ! arial ?rone ( float+ fanta/ic cl\ds sugge/s a disagreeable discord1 a fe> le/ ! occupants ( heav5 %\ld fall on ! heads ( _! wor%ipp]s bel[4 ,n s ! ,virg9s ( ! old ,italians2 = !y look s div9ely e!real t !y seem uplift$ by _! own spirituality3 n ev5 ! air-borne cl\ds are ne$$ to su/a9 !m4 ,!y h no t\* ( e>? or e>?'s mat]ial beyond ! human =m2 _! prop] place is ! sev5? heav52 & !re !y repose1 a pres5ce & a p[]--a p]sonification ( inf9ite m]cy sublimat$ by innoc5ce & purity2 & !nce !y look d[n on _! wor%ipp]s & att5dants1 :ile ^! gaze upw>ds ) looks comm]c+ ) ! skies4 ,footnote #a3 ,or ! ,vescica ,pisces1 by ,"l ,l9dsay & o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ ( ^! angelic & sa9t$ accessories1 h[ev] plac$1 we mu/ speak at l5g?2 = mu* ( ! s5tim5t & maje/y ( ! ,madonna effigies dep5d on ! prop] treatm5t ( ! att5dant figures1 & on ! mean+ !y convey to ! obs]v]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,virg9 is entitl$1 by au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 que5 ( angels1 ( prophets1 ( apo/les1 ( m>tyrs1 ( virg9s1 & ( confessors2 & f among ^! h] att5dants are select$4 ,,angels 7 fir/ admitt$1 wait+ ,imm$iately r\nd h] *air ( /ate4 ,a signal in/ance is ! gr\p ( ! en?ron$ ,madonna1 att5d$ by ! f\r ar*angels1 z we f9d x 9 ! v anci5t mosaic 9 ,sant-,apoll9>e-,novo1 at ,rav5na4 ,z ! belief 9 ! sup]ior p[] & sanctity ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 grew & spread1 ! angels no long] att5d$ h] z pr9ces ( ! heav5ly ho/1 gu>dians1 or c\ncillors2 !y became1 9 ! e>ly pictures1 ador+ angels1 su/a9+ h] ?rone on ea* side1 or hold+ up ! embroid]$ curta9 :i* =ms ! backgr\nd4 ,9 ! ,madonna by ,cimabue1 :i*1 if x be n ! e>lie/ aft] ! revival ( art1 0 "o ( ! fir/ 9 :i* ! ,byzant9e mann] 0 s(t5$ & ,italianiz$1 we h six gr&1 solemn-look+ angels1 ?ree on ea* side ( ! ?rone1 arrang$ p]p5dicul>ly "o above ano!r4 ,! ,virg9 h]self is ( colossal proportions1 f> exce$+ !m 9 size1 & look+ out ( h] frame1 l>ge z a goddess ( ! antique _w4 ,9 ! o!r ,madonna 9 ! gall]y ( ! academy1 we h ! same arrangem5t ( ! angels4 ,giotto div]sifi$ ?is arrangem5t4 ,he plac$ ! angels kneel+ at ! foot ( ! ?rone1 mak+ music1 & wait+ on _! div9e ,mi/ress z h] cele/ial *ori/]s1--a s]vice ! m fitt+ because %e 0 n only que5 ( angels1 b patroness ( music & m9/relsy1 9 :i* "* %e has ,/4 ,cecilia z h] deputy & delegate4 ,?is accompanim5t ( ! *oral angels 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ! accessories1 & cont9u$ d[n to ! late/ times4 ,!y are mo/ p>ticul>ly lovely 9 ! pictures ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,!y kneel & /rike _! gold5 lutes1 or /& & s\nd _! silv] cl>ions1 or sit l beautiful w+$ *ildr5 on ! /eps ( ! ?rone1 & pipe & s+ z if _! spirits 7 ov]fl[+ ) h>mony z well z love & adoration4#a ,9 a curi\s picture ( ! en?ron$ ,madonna & ,*ild 7,b]l9 ,gal471 by ,g5til ,fabriano1 a tree rises on ea* side ( ! ?rone1 on :i* little r$ s]aphim are p]*$ l birds1 s++ & play+ on musical in/rum5ts4 ,9 lat] times1 !y play & s+ = ! solace ( ! div9e ,infant1 n m]ely ador+1 b m9i/]+3 b ^! angels m9i/rant belong to ano!r class ( pictures4 ,adoration1 n s]vice1 0 requir$ by ! div9e ,*ild & 8 "m1 :5 !y 7 repres5t$ simply 9 _! div9e "*1 & plac$ f> beyond e>?ly wants & e>?ly associations4 ,footnote #a3 ,z 9 ! picture by ,lo ,spagna 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 ,no4 #bhb4 ,!re are examples :]e ! angels 9 att5dance be>1 n h>ps or lutes1 b ! attributes ( ! ,c>d9al ,virtues1 z 9 an alt>-piece by ,taddeo ,gaddi at ,flor5ce4 7,santa ,croce1 ,r9ucc9i ,*apel47 ,! patri>*s1 prophets1 & sibyls1 all ! p]sonages1 9 fact1 :o liv$ "u ! old law1 :5 =m+1 9 a picture or alt>-piece1 "p1 ( ! cortge ( ! ?ron$ ,virg91 z types1 or prophets1 or h>b+]s ( ! ,inc>nation1 are on ! outside ( t sacr$ comp>tm5t :]e9 %e is seat$ ) h] ,*ild4 ,?is 0 ! case ) all ! human p]sonages d[n to ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury2 & aft] t "t1 ,i f9d ! *>act]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t /ill exclud$ f ! gr\ps imm$iately r\nd h] ?rone4 ,_! place 0 else:]e allott$1 at a m respectful di/ance4 ,! only exceptions ,i c rememb]1 are ,k+ ,david & ! patri>* ,job2 & ^! only 9 late pictures1 :]e ,david does n appe> z prophet1 b z ! ance/or ( ! ,r$eem]2 & ,job1 only at ,v5ice1 :]e he is a patron sa9t4 ,! f\r evangeli/s & ! twelve apo/les are1 9 _! collective "* 9 relation to ! ,virg91 treat$ l ! prophets1 & plac$ ar\nd ! alt>-piece4 ,:]e we f9d "o or m ( ! evangeli/s introduc$ into ! gr\p ( att5dant ,sanctities on ea* side ( h] ?rone1 x is n 9 _! "* ( evangeli/s1 b r z patron sa9ts4 ,?us ,/4 ,m>k appe>s con/antly 9 ! ,v5etian pictures2 b x is z ! patron & protector ( ,v5ice4 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 a fav\rite att5dant on ! ,virg91 is ne> h] 9 virtue ( 8 peculi> relation to h] & to ,*ri/2 & he is also a popul> patron sa9t4 ,/4 ,luke & ,/4 ,mat!w1 unless !y be patrons ( ! p>ticul> locality1 or ( ! vot>y :o pres5ts ! picture1 nev] appe>4 ,x is ! same ) ! apo/les 9 _! collective "* z su*2 we f9d !m con/antly1 z /atues1 rang$ on ea* side ( ! ,virg91 or z sep>ate figures4 ,?us !y /& ov] ! scre5 ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 at ,v5ice1 & also on ! c>v$ frames ( ! alt>-pieces2 b ei!r f _! numb]1 or "s o!r cause1 !y are seldom gr\p$ r\nd ! en?ron$ ,virg94 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ :o1 next to ! angels1 seems to h be5 ! fir/ admitt$ to a prop9quity ) ! div9e p]sons4 ,9 ,greek art1 he is himself an angel1 a mess5g]1 & (t5 repres5t$ ) w+s4 ,he 0 especially v5]at$ 9 ! ,greek ,*ur* 9 8 "* ( precursor ( ! ,r$eem]1 &1 z su*1 almo/ indisp5sable 9 e sacr$ gr\p2 & x is1 p]haps1 to ! e>ly influ5ce ( ,greek art on ! selection & arrangem5t ( ! accessory p]sonages1 t we owe ! prem95ce ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,"o ( ! mo/ graceful1 & appropriate1 & famili> ( all ! accessory figures gr\p$ ) ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 is t ( ! "y ,/4 ,john 7call$ 9 ,italian ,san ,giovann9o1 & 9 ,spani% ,san ,juanito47 ,:5 fir/ introduc$1 we f9d him tak+ ! place ( ! s++ or pip+ angels 9 front ( ! ?rone4 ,he g5]ally /&s1 clad 9 8 raim5t ( camel's hair1 hav+ a girdle r\nd 8 lo9s1 & 9 8 h& a re$ cross1 r\nd :i* is b\nd a scroll ) ! words ,ecce ,agnus ,dei 7,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god71 :ile ) 8 f+] he po9ts up to ! en?ron$ gr\p above him1 express+ ! text f ,/4 ,luke 7c4 ii471 ,& ?\1 ,,*ild %alt be call$ ! ,prophet ( ! ,highe/1 z 9 ,francia's picture 9 our ,national ,gall]y4 ,sometimes he be>s a lamb 9 8 arms1 ! ,ecce ,agnus ,dei 9 =m in/ead ( words4 ,! introduction ( ! "y ,/4 ,john becomes m & m usual f ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 lat] pictures1 a t\* ( ! dramatic is ?r[n into ! arrangem5t3 in/ead ( be+ at ! foot ( ! ?rone1 he is plac$ beside x2 z :]e ! ,virg9 is ?ron$ on a l(ty p$e/al1 & %e lays "o h& on ! head ( ! little ,/4 ,john1 :ile ) ! o!r %e /ra9s h] ,*ild to h] bosom2 or :]e ! infant ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,john1 /&+ at h] knee1 embrace ea* o!r--a graceful incid5t 9 a ,holy ,family1 b 9 ! en?ron$ ,madonna x impairs ! religi\s conception2 x places ,/4 ,john too mu* on a level ) ! ,savi\r1 :o is "h 9 t div9e "* to :i* ,/4 ,john bore witness1 b :i* he did n %>e4 ,x is v unusual to see ,john ! ,bapti/ 9 8 *ildi% "* glorifi$ 9 heav5 among ! cele/ial be+s3 ,i rememb] b "o in/ance1 9 a beautiful picture by ,bonifazio4 7,acad4 ,v5ice47 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ 9 glory1 ) h] ,infant on h] knee1 & encircl$ by *]ubim2 on "o side an angel approa*es ) a basket ( fl[]s on 8 head1 & %e is 9 act to take ^! fl[]s & scatt] !m on ! sa9ts bel[1--a new & graceful motif3 on ! o!r side sits ,john ! ,bapti/ z a boy ab\t twelve ye>s ( age4 ,! att5dant sa9ts bel[ are ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,&rew1 ,/4 ,?omas hold+ ! girdle1#a ,/4 ,francis1 & ,/4 ,cl>a1 all look+ up ) ec/atic devotion1 except ,/4 ,cl>a1 :o looks d[n ) a *>m+ mode/y4 ,footnote #a3 ,/4 ,?omas is call$ 9 ! catalogue1 ,james1 k+ ( ,arragon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 e>ly pictures1 ,,/4 ,,anna1 ! "m ( ! ,virg91 is v seldom introduc$1 because 9 su* sublime & my/ical repres5tations ( ! ,v]g9e ,dea1 :atev] connect$ h] ) realities1 or ) h] e>?ly g5ealogy1 is suppress$4 ,b f ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,/4 ,anna became1 f ! curr5t leg5ds ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,virg91 an important sa9t1 & :5 introduc$ into ! devotional gr\ps1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is seldom1 x seems to h emb>rass$ ! pa9t]s h[ to dispose ( h]4 ,%e c\ld n well be plac$ bel[ h] daught]2 %e c\ld n be plac$ above h]4 ,x is a curi\s pro( ( ! pr$om9ance ( ! fem99e elem5t ?r\gh\t ^! repres5tations1 t :ile ,,/4 ,,joa*im ! fa!r & ,,/4 ,,joseph ! husb& ( ! ,virg91 are ei!r omitt$ altoge!r1 or are admitt$ only 9 a subord9ate & inf]ior position1 ,/4 ,anna1 :5 %e does appe>1 is on an equality ) h] daught]4 ,!re is a beautiful example1 & apt = illu/ration1 9 ! picture by ,francia1 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 :]e ,/4 ,anna & ! ,virg9 are seat$ toge!r on ! same ?rone1 & ! =m] pres5ts ! apple to h] div9e ,gr&son4 ,i rememb]1 too1 a mo/ graceful in/ance :]e ,/4 ,anna /&s beh9d & a little above ! ?rone1 ) h] h&s plac$ affectionately on ! %\ld]s ( ! ,virg91 & raises h] eyes to heav5 z if 9 ?anksgiv+ to ,god1 :o ?r\gh h] _h br\ght salvation into ! _w4 ,:]e ! ,virg9 is seat$ on ! knees ( ,/4 ,anna1 x is a /ill lat] innovation4 ,!re is su* a gr\p 9 a picture 9 ! ,l\vre1 aft] a fam\s c>toon by ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 :i*1 9 spite ( its celebrity1 has always appe>$ to me v fanta/ic & irrev]5t 9 treatm5t4 ,!re is also a f9e pr9t by ,c>raglio1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are su/a9$ on ! knees ( ,/4 ,anna3 "u h] feet lies ! dragon4 ,/4 ,ro* & ,/4 ,seba/ian on ea* side1 & ! dead dragon1 %[ t ?is is a votive subject1 an expression ( ?anksgiv+ aft] ! cessation ( a plague4 ,! ,g]mans1 :o 7 fond ( ?is gr\p1 imp>t$1 ev5 to ! mo/ religi\s treatm5t1 a dome/ic s5tim5t4 ,! e>lie/ in/ance ,i c po9t to ( ! en?ron$ ,virg9 att5d$ by bo? h] p>5ts1 is by ,viv>9i 7,acad4 ,v5ice73 ,/4 ,anna is on ! "r ( ! ?rone2 ,/4 ,joa*im1 9 ! act ( rev]5tly remov+ 8 cap1 /&s on ! left2 m 9 front is a gr\p ( ,franciscan sa9ts4 ,! introduction ( ,/4 ,anna into a ,holy ,family1 z "p ( ! dome/ic gr\p1 is v appropriate & graceful2 b ?is ( c\rse admits1 & inde$ requires1 a :olly diff]5t s5tim5t4 ,! same rem>k applies to ,/4 ,joseph1 :o1 9 ! e>li] repres5tations ( ! en?ron$ ,virg91 is c>efully exclud$2 he appe>s1 ,i ?9k1 fir/ 9 ! ,v5etian pictures4 ,!re is an example 9 a spl5did composition by ,paul ,v]onese4 7,acad4 ,v5ice47 ,! ,virg91 on a l(ty ?rone1 holds ! ,*ild2 bo? look d[n on ! wor%ipp]s2 ,/4 ,joseph is p>tly se5 beh9d lean+ on 8 crut*4 ,r\nd ! ?rone /& ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,/4 ,ju/9a1 z patroness ( ,v5ice1 & ,/4 ,george2 ,/4 ,j]ome is on ! o!r side 9 deep m$itation4 ,a magnific5t picture1 q sumptu\s 9 col\r & arrangem5t1 & yet s solemn & s calm6#a ,footnote #a3 ,!re is ano!r example by ,paul ,v]onese1 simil> 9 "* & treatm5t1 9 :i* ,/4 ,john & ,/4 ,joseph are on ! ?rone ) ! ,virg9 & *ild1 & ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ,/4 ,antony bel[4 ,! composition by ,mi*ael ,angelo1 /yl$ a ,holy ,family1 is1 ?\gh s+ul> 9 treatm5t1 c]ta9ly devotional 9 "*1 & an en?ron$ ,virg94 ,%e is seat$ 9 ! c5tre1 on a rais$ ar*itectural seat1 hold+ a book2 ! infant ,*ri/ slumb]s1--books c tea* him no?+1 & to make him read+ is unor?odox4 ,9 ! backgr\nd on "o side1 ,/4 ,joseph leans ov] a balu/rade1 z if 9 dev\t contemplation2 a "y ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ leans on ! o!r side4 ,! gr&1 mann]$1 symmetrical treatm5t is v rem>kable & *>act]i/ic4 ,!re are _m engrav+s ( ?is celebrat$ composition4 ,9 "o ( !m1 ! book held by ! ,virg9 be>s on "o side ! text 9 ,lat91 ,bless$ art ?\ among wom51 & bless$ is ! fruit ( ?y womb4 ,on ! opposite page1 ,bless$ be ,god1 :o has reg>d$ ! l[ e/ate ( 8 h&-maid54 ,=1 behold1 f h5ce=? all g5]ations %all call me bless$4 ,:ile ! "y ,/4 ,john is admitt$ into' su* close companion%ip ) ! en?ron$ ,madonna1 8 "m ,elizabe?1 s commonly & beautifully introduc$ into ! ,holy ,families1 is almo/ uni=mly exclud$4 ,next 9 ord]1 z accessory figures1 appe> "s "o or two or m ( ! m>tyrs1 confessors1 & virg9 patronesses1 ) _! respective attributes1 ei!r plac$ 9 sep>ate ni*es & comp>tm5ts on ea* side1 or1 :5 admitt$ )9 ! sacr$ prec9cts :]e sits ! ,que5ly ,virg9 ,"m & h] div9e ,son1 /&+1 9 ! mann] ( c\ncillors & (fic]s ( /ate on solemn occasions1 r\nd an e>?ly sov]eign1 all rev]5tly calm & /ill2 till gradually ?is solemn =mality1 ?is isolation ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s1 gave way to "s s5tim5t :i* plac$ !m 9 ne>] relation to ea* o!r1 & to ! div9e p]sonages4 ,occasional v>iations ( attitude & action 7 introduc$--at fir/1 a r>e innovation2 ere long1 a cu/om1 a fa%ion4 ,= in/ance2--! doctors turn ov] ! leaves ( _! great books z if seek+ = ! writt5 te/imonies to ! tru? ( ! my/]i\s ,inc>nation made visible 9 ! p]sons ( ! ,"m & ,*ild2 ! confessors contemplate ! radiant gr\p ) rapture1 & seem ready to bur/ =? 9 hymns ( praise2 ! m>tyrs kneel 9 adoration2 ! virg9s gracefully (f] _! victori\s palms3 & ?us ! pa9t]s ( ! be/ p]iods ( art contriv$ to animate _! sacr$ gr\ps )\t r5d]+ !m too dramatic & too secul>4 ,su*1 !n1 0 ! g5]al arrangem5t ( t religi\s subject :i* is te*nically /yl$ ,! ,madonna en?ron$ & att5d$ by ,sa9ts4 ,! selection & ! relative position ( ^! angelic & sa9tly accessories 7 n1 z ,i h already obs]v$1 matt]s ( m]e ta/e or caprice2 & an att5tive obs]vation ( ! *oice & disposition ( ! att5dant figures w (t5 ?r[ light on ! orig9al significance ( su* pictures1 & ! circum/ances "u :i* !y wore pa9t$4 ,%all ,i attempt a rapid classification & int]pretation ( ^! inf9itely v>i$ gr\ps8 ,x is a !me :i* might well occupy volumes r ?an pages1 & :i* requires f> m antiqu>ian le>n+ & hi/orical rese>* ?an ,i c pret5d to2 /ill by giv+ ! result ( my own obs]vations 9 "s few in/ances1 x may be possible s to excite ! att5tion & fancy ( ! read]1 z to lead him fur!r on ! same pa? ?an ,i h myself be5 able to v5ture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we c trace1 9 a l>ge class ( ^! pictures1 a g5]al religi\s significance1 common to all p]iods1 all localities1 all circum/ances2 :ile 9 ano!r class1 ! int]e/ is n only p>ticul> & local1 b sometimes ev5 p]sonal4 ,to ! fir/ class belongs ! antique & beautiful gr\p ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 en?ron$ betwe5 ! two great ar*angels1 ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,gabriel4 ,x is probably ! mo/ anci5t ( ^! comb9ations3 we f9d x 9 ! e>lie/ ,greek art1 9 ! c>v$ ivory dipty*s ( ! eigh? & n9? c5turies1 9 ! old ,greco-,italian pictures1 9 ! ecclesia/ical sculpture & /a9$ glass ( f ! twelf? to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! mo/ anci5t examples1 ! two angels are se5 /&+ on ea* side ( ! ,madonna1 n wor%ipp+1 b ) _! sceptres & attributes1 z pr9ces ( ! heav5ly ho/1 att5d+ on h] :o is que5 ( angels2 ,/4 ,gabriel z ! angel ( bir? & life1 ,/4 ,mi*ael z ! angel ( ,dea?1 t is1 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se1 ( deliv]ance & immortality4 ,!re is an in/ance ( ?is antique treatm5t 9 a small ,greek picture 9 ! ,wall]/e9 collection4 7,n[ at ,k5s+ton ,palace47 ,9 lat] pictures1 ,/4 ,gabriel seldom appe>s except z ! ,angela ,annunziatore2 b ,/4 ,mi*ael v frequ5tly4 ,sometimes1 z conqu]or ov] s9 & repres5tative ( ! ,*ur* militant1 he /&s ) 8 foot on ! dragon ) a triumphant air2 or1 kneel+1 he pres5ts to ! infant ,*ri/ ! scales ( et]nal ju/ice1 z 9 a fam\s picture by ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,x is n only because ( 8 popul>ity z a patron sa9t1 & ( ! numb] ( *ur*es d$icat$ to him1 t he is s frequ5tly introduc$ into ! ,madonna pictures2 accord+ to ! leg5d1 he 0 by ,div9e appo9tm5t ! gu>dian ( ! ,virg9 & h] ,son :ile !y soj\rn$ on e>?4 ,! angel ,raphael lead+ ,tobias always expresses protection1 & especially protection to ! "y4 ,tobias ) 8 fi% 0 an e>ly type ( baptism4 ,!re are _m beautiful examples4 ,9 ,raphael's ,madonna dell' ,pesce 7,madrid ,gal47 he is introduc$ z ! patron sa9t ( ! pa9t]1 b n )\t a ref]5ce to m sacr$ mean+1 t ( ! gu>dian _s ( all humanity4 ,! w>like figure ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 & ! b5ign ,/4 ,raphael1 are ?us repres5t$ z cele/ial gu>dians 9 ! beautiful picture by ,p]ug9o n[ 9 our ,national ,gall]y4 7,no4 #bhh47 ,!re are in/ances ( ! ?ree ar*angels all /&+ toge!r bel[ ! glorifi$ ,virg93 ,/4 ,mi*ael 9 ! c5tre ) 8 foot on ! pro/rate fi5d2 ,/4 ,gabriel on ! "r pres5ts 8 lily2 &1 on ! left1 ! protect+ angel pres5ts 8 human *>ge1 & po9ts up to ! s\rce ( salvation4 7,9 an engrav+ aft] ,giulio ,romano47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,virg9 betwe5 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul is also an extremely anci5t & significant gr\p4 ,x appe>s 9 ! old mosaics4 ,z *iefs ( ! apo/les & jo9t f\nd]s ( ! ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul are prom95t figures 9 _m gr\ps & comb9ations1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! alt>-pieces ( ! ,roman *ur*es1 & ^? pa9t$ = ! ,b5$ict9e communities4 ,! ,virg91 :5 support$ on ea* side by ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul1 mu/ be und]/ood to repres5t ! p]sonifi$ ,*ur* betwe5 h] two great f\nd]s & def5d]s2 & ?is relation is express$1 9 a v poetical mann]1 :5 ,/4 ,pet]1 kneel+1 receives ! allegorical keys f ! h& ( ! infant ,savi\r4 ,!re are "s curi\s & beautiful in/ances ( ?is comb9ation ( a significant action ) ! utmo/ solemnity ( treatm5t2 = example1 9 t v extraord9>y ,franciscan alt>-piece1 by ,c>lo ,crivelli1 lately pur*as$ by ,"l ,w>d1 :]e ,/4 ,pet]1 hav+ deposit$ 8 papal ti>a at ! foot ( ! ?rone1 kneel+ receives ! great symbolical keys4 ,& aga91 9 a f9e picture by ,&rea ,meldula1 :]e ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are en?ron$1 & ! infant ,*ri/ deliv]s ! keys to ,pet]1 :o /&s1 b ) a mo/ rev]5tial air2 on ! o!r side ( ! ?rone is ,/4 ,paul ) 8 book & ! sword held upright4 ,!re are also two att5dant angels4 ,on ! bord] ( ! mantle ( ! ,virg9 is inscrib$ ,ave ,m>ia gratia pl5a4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,bromley1 ( ,wootton4 ,?is picture is o!rwise rem>kable z ! only au!nticat$ "w ( a v r>e pa9t]4 ,x be>s 8 signature1 & ! /yle indicates ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury z ! probable date4 ,i d n recollect any in/ance 9 :i* ! f\r evangeli/s z su*1 or ! twelve apo/les 9 _! collective "*1 wait r\nd ! ?rone ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ?\gh "o or m ( ! evangeli/s & "o or m ( ! apo/les p]petually occur4 ,! ,virg9 betwe5 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 is also a v significant & beautiful comb9ation1 & "o v frequ5tly met )4 ,?\gh bo? ^! sa9ts 7 z *ildr5 contempor>y ) ! *ild ,*ri/1 & s repres5t$ 9 ! ,holy ,families1 9 ^! solemn ideal gr\ps !y are always m54 ,! fir/ ,/4 ,john expresses reg5]ation by ! rite ( baptism ! second ,/4 ,john1 di/+ui%$ z ,!ologus1 ! ,div9e1 /&s ) 8 sacram5tal cup1 express+ reg5]ation by fai?4 ,! =m] 0 ! precursor ( ! ,savi\r1 ! fir/ :o proclaim$ him to ! _w z su*2 ! latt] beheld ! vision 9 ,patmos1 ( ! ,woman 9 travail pursu$ by ! dragon1 :i* is int]pret$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,virg9 & h] ,*ild4 ,! gr\p ?us br\ght into relation is full ( mean+1 &1 f ! v>iety & contra/ ( "*1 full ( poetical & arti/ic capabilities4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ is usually a man ab\t ?irty1 ) wild %aggy hair & meagre =m1 s drap$ t 8 ve/ ( camel's hair is always visible2 he holds 8 re$ cross4 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ is g5]ally ! "y & graceful disciple2 b 9 "s in/ances he is ! v5]able se] ( ,patmos1 ,^: be>d desc5d+ sweeps 8 ag$ brea/4 ,!re is an example 9 "o ( ! f9e/ pictures by ,p]ug9o4 ,! ,virg9 is ?ron$ above1 & surr\nd$ by a glory ( s]aphim1 ) _m-col\r$ w+s4 ,! ,*ild /&s on h] knee4 ,9 ! l&scape bel[ are ,/4 ,mi*ael1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ,/4 ,apollonia1 &4 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ z ! ag$ prophet ) :ite fl[+ be>d4 7,bologna ,acad47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 z int]pret]s & def5d]s ( ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 are v significantly plac$ ne> ! ?rone ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild4 ,9 ,we/]n art1 ! ,lat9 doctors1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & ,/4 ,gregory1 h ( c\rse ! prem95ce4 7v ,sacr$ & ,leg5d4 ,art47 ,! effect produc$ by ^! ag$1 v5]able1 be>d$ dignit>ies1 ) _! gorge\s robes & mitres & fl[+ be>ds1 9 contra/ ) ! s(t simplicity ( ! div9e ,"m & h] ,infant1 is1 9 ! h&s ( really great arti/s1 wond]fully f9e4 ,!re is a spl5did example1 by ,viv>9i 7,v5ice ,acad472 ! old doctors /& two on ea* side ( ! ?rone1 :]e1 "u a canopy upborne by angels1 sits ! ,virg91 sumptu\sly cr[n$ & attir$1 & look+ mo/ s]5e & goddess-l2 :ile ! div9e ,*ild1 /&+ on h] knee1 ext5ds 8 little h& 9 ! act ( b5$iction4 ,( ?is picture ,i h already giv5 a v detail$ description4 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d4 ,art47 ,ano!r example1 a gr& picture by ,moretto1 n[ 9 ! ,museum at ,frank=t1 ,i h also describ$4 ,!re is "h a t\* ( ! dramatic s5tim5t2--! ,virg9 is t5d]ly c>ess+ h] ,*ild1 :ile two ( ! old doctors1 ,/4 ,ambrose & ,/4 ,augu/9e1 /& rev]5tly on ea* side ( h] l(ty ?rone2 ,/4 ,gregory sits on ! /ep bel[1 read+1 & ,/4 ,j]ome b5ds ov] & po9ts to a page 9 8 book4 ,! ,virg9 is n suffici5tly dignifi$2 %e has too mu* ! air ( a portrait2 & ! action ( ! ,*ild is1 also1 ?\gh t5d]1 r unsuit$ to ! significance ( ! re/ ( ! gr\p2 b ! picture is1 on ! :ole1 magnific5t4 ,!re is ano!r f9e example ( ! f\r doctors att5d+ on ! ,virg91 9 ! ,milan ,gall]y4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 a native picture ( ! ,milanese ,s*ool1 d$icat$ by ,ludovico ,s=za ,il ,moro4 ,sometimes n f\r1 b two only ( ^! ,fa!rs1 appe> 9 comb9ation ) o!r figures1 & ! *oice w\ld dep5d on ! locality & o!r circum/ances4 ,b1 on ! :ole1 we r>ely f9d a gr\p ( p]sonages assembl$ r\nd ! ?rone ( ! ,virg9 :i* does n include "o or m ( ^! v5]able pill>s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,/4 ,ambrose appe>s mo/ frequ5tly 9 ! ,milanese pictures3 ,/4 ,augu/9e & ,/4 ,j]ome1 z patri>*s ( mona/ic ord]s1 are v popul>3 ,/4 ,gregory1 ,i ?9k1 is m seldom met ) ?an ! o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,virg91 ) ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ! patron sa9ts ( !ological le>n+1 is a frequ5t gr\p 9 all mona/]ies1 b p>ticul>ly 9 ! *ur*es & h\ses ( ! ,j]onimites4 ,a beautiful example is ! ,madonna1 by ,francia4 7,borghese ,palace4 ,rome47 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ) ,m>y ,magdal5e1 also a frequ5t comb9ation1 expresses !ological le>n+ 9 union ) religi\s p5it5ce & humility4 ,correggio's fam\s picture is an example1 :]e ,/4 ,j]ome on "o side pres5ts 8 works 9 def5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 & 8 translation ( ! ,scriptures2 :ile1 on ! o!r1 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 b5d+ d[n dev\tly1 kisses ! feet ( ! infant ,*ri/4 7,p>ma47 ,( all ! att5dants on ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ! mo/ popul> is1 p]haps1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e2 & ! ,m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 z a religi\s my/]y1 is made to comb9e ) ! mo/ solemn & =mal arrangem5t ( ! o!r att5dant figures4 ,! en?ron$ ,virg9 presides ov] ! my/ical rite4 ,?is 01 = intelligible reasons1 a fav\rite subject 9 nunn]ies4#a ,footnote #a3 ,= a detail$ acc\nt ( ! leg5d>y m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e & examples ( treatm5t1 see ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art4 ,9 a picture by ,g>(alo1 ! ,*ild1 b5d+ f 8 "m's knee1 places a gold5 cr[n on ! head ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e z ,sposa2 on ea* side /& ,/4 ,agnes & ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,9 a picture by ,c>lo ,m>atti1 ! nuptials take place 9 heav51 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild be+ ?ron$ 9 cl\ds4 ,if ! kneel+ ,sposa be ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a1 ! nun1 & n ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria1 or if ! two are introduc$1 !n we may be sure t ! picture 0 pa9t$ = a nunn]y ( ! ,dom9ican ord]4#a ,footnote #a3 ,see ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s4 ,a f9e example ( ?is gr\p ! ,spozulizio ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a1 has lately be5 add$ to our ,national ,gall]y2 7,lor5zo di ,san ,sev]9o1 ,no4 #bdi47 ,! great ,madonna 9 ,trono by ! ,dom9ican ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 :]e9 ! que5ly ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria witnesses ! my/ical m>riage ( h] si/] sa9t1 ! nun ( ,si5a1 w occur to e "o :o has be5 at ,flor5ce2 & !re is a small] picture by ! same pa9t] 9 ! ,l\vre2--a diff]5t v]sion ( ! same subject4 ,i mu/ cont5t myself ) m]ely ref]r+ to ^! well-kn[n pictures :i* h be5 (t5 engrav$1 & dwell m 9 detail on ano!r1 n s well kn[n1 &1 to my feel+1 z prem95tly beautiful & poetical1 b 9 ! e>ly ,flemi%1 n ! ,italian /yle--a poem 9 a language less smoo? & sonor\s1 b /ill a poem4 ,?is is ! alt>-piece pa9t$ by ,hemmel9ck = ! *>itable si/]hood ( ,/4 ,john's ,hospital at ,bruges4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ "u a por*1 & h] ?rone decorat$ ) ri* tape/ry2 two graceful angels hold a cr[n ov] h] head4 ,on ! "r1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 sup]bly array$ z a pr9cess1 kneels at h] side1 & ! beautiful infant ,*ri/ b5ds =w>d & places ! bridal r+ on h] f+]4 ,beh9d h] a *>m+ angel1 play+ on ! organ1 celebrates ! esp\sals ) hymns ( joy2 beyond him /&s ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ ) 8 lamb4 ,on ! left ( ! ,virg9 kneels ,/4 ,b>b>a1 read+ int5tly2 beh9d h] an angel ) a book2 beyond him /&s ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 y\?ful1 mild1 & p5sive4 ,?r\gh ! arcades ( ! por* is se5 a l&scape backgr\nd1 ) incid5ts picturesquely treat$ f ! lives ( ! ,bapti/ & ! ,evangeli/4 ,su* is ! c5tral composition4 ,! two w+s repres5t--on "o side1 ! behead+ ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/2 on ! o!r1 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 9 ,patmos1 & ! vision ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,9 ?is great "w !re is a unity & h>mony ( design :i* bl5ds ! :ole into an impressive poem4 ,! object 0 to d hon\r to ! patrons ( ! hospital1 ! two ,/4 ,johns1 &1 at ! same "t1 to express ! piety ( ! ,*>itable ,si/]s1 :o1 l ,/4 ,ca!r9e 7! type ( contemplative /udi\s piety71 7 consecrat$ & esp\s$ to ,*ri/1 &1 l ,/4 ,b>b>a 7! type ( active piety71 7 d$icat$ to good works4 ,x is a tradition1 t ,hemmel9ck pa9t$ ?is alt>-piece z a votive (f]+ 9 gratitude to ! good ,si/]s1 :o _h tak5 him 9 & nurs$ him :5 dang]\sly w\nd$3 & surely if ?is tradition be true1 nev] 0 *>ity m magnific5tly recomp5s$4 ,9 a v beautiful picture by ,ambrogio ,borgognone 7,dresd51 collection ( ,m4 ,grahl7 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a spl5did ?rone2 on ! "r kneels ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,alex&ria1 on ! left ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a3 ! ,virg9 holds a h& ( ea*1 :i* %e pres5ts to ! div9e ,*ild seat$ on h] knee1 & to ea* he pres5ts a r+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild betwe5 ,/4 ,ca!r9e & ,/4 ,b>b>a is "o ( ! mo/ popul>1 z well z "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & expressive1 ( ^! comb9ations2 signify+ active & contemplative life1 or ! two p[]s betwe5 :i* ! social /ate 0 divid$ 9 ! middle ages1 namely1 ! ecclesia/ical & ! milit>y1 le>n+ & arms 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d4 ,art72 ,/4 ,ca!r9e be+ ! patron ( ! fir/1 & ,/4 ,b>b>a ( ! la/4 ,:5 ! orig9al significance _h ceas$ to be und]/ood or appreciat$1 ! gr\p cont9u$ to be a fav\rite "o1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,g]many2 & examples are inf9ite4 ,! ,virg9 betwe5 ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,/4 ,b>b>a1 ! =m] z ! type ( p5ance1 humility1 & m$itative piety1 ! latt] z ! type ( =titude & c\rage1 is also v common4 ,:5 betwe5 ,/4 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ! idea sugge/$ is le>n+1 ) p5it5ce & humility2 ?is is a mo/ popul> gr\p4 ,s is ,/4 ,lucia ) "o ( ^! or bo?3 ,/4 ,lucia ) h] lamp or h] eyes1 is always expressive ( light1 ! light ( div9e wisdom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,virg9 betwe5 ,/4 ,ni*olas & ,/4 ,george is a v expressive gr\p2 ! =m] z ! patron sa9t ( m]*ants1 tradesm51 & seam51 ! popul> sa9t ( ! b\rgeoisie2 ! latt] z ! patron ( soldi]s1 ! *os5 sa9t ( ! ari/ocracy4 ,^! two sa9ts ) ,/4 ,ca!r9e are pre-em95t 9 ! ,v5etian pictures2 = all ?ree1 9 addition to _! poetical significance1 7 v5]at$ z especial protectors ( ,v5ice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,*ri/oph] bo? /& by ! ?rone ( ! ,virg9 ( ,succ\r z protectors & deliv]]s 9 dang]4 ,! attribute ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph] is ! little ,*ri/ on 8 %\ld]2 & !re are in/ances 9 :i* ,*ri/ appe>s on ! lap ( 8 "m1 & also on ! %\ld] ( ! att5dant ,/4 ,*ri/oph]4 ,?is blund]1 if x may be s call$1 has be5 avoid$1 v clev]ly ,i %\ld ?9k 9 8 own op9ion1 by a pa9t] :o makes ,/4 ,*ri/oph] kneel1 :ile ! ,virg9 places ! little ,*ri/ on 8 %\ld]s2 a concetto q inadmissible 9 a really religi\s gr\p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 pictures d$icat$ by *>itable communities1 we (t5 f9d ,/4 ,ni*olas & ,/4 ,leon>d z ! patron sa9ts ( prison]s & captives4 ,:]ev] ,/4 ,leon>d appe>s he expresses deliv]ance f captivity4 ,/4 ,omobuono1 ,/4 ,m>t91 ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 ,/4 ,ro*1 or o!r b5efic5t sa9ts1 wait+ r\nd ! ,virg9 ) kneel+ begg>s1 or ! bl9d1 ! lame1 ! sick1 at _! feet1 always express$ ! ,virg9 z ! "m ( m]cy1 ! ,consolatrix afflictorum4 ,su* pictures 7 commonly f\nd 9 hospitals1 & ! *apels & *ur*es ( ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy1 & o!r *>itable in/itutions4 ,! examples are num]\s4 ,i rememb] "o1 a /rik+ picture1 by ,b>tolomeo ,montagna1 :]e ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are en?ron$ 9 ! c5tre z usual4 ,on h] "r ! good ,/4 ,omobuono1 dress$ z a burgh]1 9 a r$ g[n & fur cap1 gives alms to a poor begg>2 on ! left1 ,/4 ,francis pres5ts a celebrat$ fri> ( 8 ,ord]1 ,b]n>d9o da ,feltri1 ! fir/ f\nd] ( a mont-de-pit1 :o kneels1 hold+ ! emblem ( 8 in/itution1 a little gre5 m\nta9 ) a cross at ! top4 99 99 99 99 99 ,besides ^! sa9ts1 :o h a g5]al religi\s "* & significance1 we h ! national & local sa9ts1 ^: pres5ce v (t5 m>ks ! c\ntry or s*ool ( art :i* produc$ ! picture4 ,a g5u9e ,flor5t9e ,madonna is di/+ui%$ by a c]ta9 elegance & /atel9ess1 & well becomes h] ?rone4 ,z patroness ( ,flor5ce1 9 h] own "r1 ! ,virg9 be>s ! title ( ,santa ,m>ia del ,fiore1 & 9 ?is "* %e holds a fl[]1 g5]ally a rose1 or is 9 ! act ( pres5t+ x to ! ,*ild4 ,%e is (t5 att5d$ by ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 z patron ( ,flor5ce2 b he is ev]y:]e a sa9t ( su* p[] & importance z an att5dant on ! div9e p]sonages1 t 8 appe>ance 9 a picture does n /amp x z ,flor5t9e4 ,/4 ,cosmo & ,/4 ,damian are ,flor5t9e1 z ! protectors ( ! ,m$ici family2 b z patrons ( ! heal+ art1 !y h a significance :i* r5d]s !m common 9 ! ,v5etian & o!r pictures4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be det]m9$1 t if ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ,/4 ,cosmo & ,/4 ,damian1 ) ,/4 ,laur5ce 7! patron ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t71 appe> toge!r 9 att5dance on ! ,virg91 t picture is ( ! ,flor5t9e s*ool4 ,! pres5ce ( ,/4 ,z5obio1 or ( ,/4 ,anton9o1 ! patron ar*bi%ops ( ,flor5ce1 w set ! matt] at re/1 = ^! are exclusively ,flor5t9e4 ,9 a picture by ,giotto1 angels att5d on ! ,virg9 be>+ vases ( lilies 9 _! h&s4 7,lilies are at once ! emblem ( ! ,virg9 & ! device ( ,flor5ce47 ,on ea* side kneel ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,z5obio4#a ,footnote #a3 ,we n[ possess 9 our ,national ,gall]y a v int]e/+ example ( a ,flor5t9e en?ron$ ,madonna1 att5d$ by ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,z5obio z patrons ( ,flor5ce4 ,a ,si5a ,madonna w\ld naturally be att5d$ by ,/4 ,b]n>d9o & ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a2 if !y seldom appe> toge!r1 x is because !y belong to diff]5t religi\s ord]s4 ,9 ! ,v5etian pictures we f9d a cr[d ( gu>dian sa9ts2 fir/ among !m1 ,/4 ,m>k1 !n ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ,/4 ,george1 ,/4 ,ni*olas1 & ,/4 ,ju/9a3 :]ev] ^! appe> toge!r1 t picture is surely f ! ,v5etian s*ool4 ,all ?r\gh ,lomb>dy & ,pi$mont1 ,/4 ,ambrose ( ,milan & ,/4 ,maurice ( ,savoy are fav\rite att5dants on ! ,virg94 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ,spani% & ,flemi% art1 ! usual att5dants on ! que5ly ,madonna are monks & nuns1 :i* br+s u to ! consid]ation ( a l>ge & int]e/+ class ( pictures1 ^? d$icat$ by ! v>i\s religi\s ord]s4 ,:5 we rememb] t ! in/itution ( "s ( ! mo/ influ5tial ( ^! communities 0 coeval ) ! revival ( art2 t = ?ree or f\r c5turies1 art 9 all its =ms _h no m p[]ful or m munific5t patrons2 t !y c\nt$ among _! v>i\s bro!rhoods "s ( ! greate/ arti/s ! _w has se52 we c easily imag9e h[ ! beatifi$ memb]s ( ^! ord]s h become s conspicu\s z att5dants on ! cele/ial p]sonages4 ,to ^? :o are accu/om$ to read ! significance ( a "w ( art1 a s+le glance is (t5 suffici5t to decide = :at ord] x has be5 execut$4 ,/4 ,paul is a fav\rite sa9t ( ! ,b5$ict9e communities2 & !re are few great pictures pa9t$ = !m 9 :i* he does n appe>4 ,:5 9 companion%ip ) ,/4 ,b5$ict1 ei!r 9 ! orig9al black habit or ! :ite habit ( ! re=m$ ord]s1 ) ,/4 ,s*ola/ica be>+ h] dove1 ) ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,romualdo1 or o!r wor?ies ( ?is v5]able community1 ! int]pretation is easy4 ,"h are "s examples by ,dom5ico ,puligo4 ,! ,virg9 n seat$1 b /&+ on a l(ty p$e/al1 looks d[n on h] wor%ipp]s2 ! ,*ild 9 h] arms ext5ds ! "r h& 9 b5$iction2 ) 8 left he po9ts to himself1 ,i am ! ,resurrection & ! ,life4 ,ar\nd are six sa9ts1 ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ z protector ( ,flor5ce1 ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e2 & ,/4 ,b]n>d1 9 8 ample :ite habit1 ) 8 ke5 intellectual face1 is ab\t to write 9 a great book1 & look+ up to ! ,virg9 = inspiration4 ,! picture 0 orig9ally pa9t$ = ! ,ci/]cians4#a ,footnote #a3 ,x is n[ 9 ! ,s4 ,m>ia-,maddal5a de' ,pazzi at ,flor5ce4 ,engrav$ 9 ! ,etruria ,pittrice1 xxxv4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild en?ron$ betwe5 ,/4 ,augu/9e & 8 "m ,/4 ,monica1 z 9 a f9e picture by ,florig]io 7,v5ice ,acad471 w\ld %[ ! picture to be pa9t$ = "o ( ! num]\s bran*es ( ! ,augu/9e ,ord]4 ,/4 ,antony ! abbot is a fav\rite sa9t 9 pictures pa9t$ = ! ,augu/9e h]mits4 ,9 ! ,madonna del ,balda*9o ( ,raphael1 ! be>dless sa9t :o /&s 9 a :ite habit on "o side ( ! ?rone is usually /yl$ ,/4 ,bruno2 an evid5t mi/ake4 ,x is n a ,c>?usian1 b a ,ci/]cian monk1 & ,i ?9k ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ! g5]al patron ( mona/ic le>n+4 ,! o!r att5dant sa9ts are ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,james1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,! picture 0 orig9ally pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( ,san ,spirito at ,flor5ce1 belong+ to ! ,augu/9es4 ,b ,/4 ,augu/9e is also ! patri>* ( ! ,franciscans & ,dom9icans1 & frequ5tly takes an influ5tial place 9 _! pictures1 z ! companion ei!r ( ,/4 ,francis or ( ,/4 ,dom9ick1 z 9 a picture by ,fra ,angelico4 7,flor5ce ,gal47 ,among ! votive ,madonnas ( ! m5dicant ord]s1 ,i w m5tion a few conspicu\s = beauty & int]e/1 :i* w s]ve z a key to o!rs4 #a4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild en?ron$ betwe5 ,antony ( ,padua & ,/4 ,cl>a ( ,assisi1 z 9 a small elegant picture by ,pellegr9o1 mu/ h be5 d$icat$ 9 a *ur* ( ! ,franciscans4 7,su!rl& ,gal47 #b4 ,! ,virg9 blesses ,/4 ,francis1 :o looks up ador+3 beh9d him ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua2 on ! o!r side1 ,john ! ,bapti/ z a man1 & ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 ,a celebrat$ b n an agreeable picture1 pa9t$ by ,correggio = ! ,franciscan *ur* at ,p>ma4 7,dresd5 ,gal47 #c4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ 9 glory2 on "o side ,/4 ,francis1 on ! o!r ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua1 bo? plac$ 9 heav51 & almo/ on an equality ) ! cele/ial p]sonages4 ,ar\nd are sev5 female figures1 repres5t+ ! sev5 c>d9al virtues1 be>+ _! respective attributes4 ,bel[ are se5 ! wor?ies ( ! ,franciscan ,ord]2 to ! "r ( ! ,virg91 ,/4 ,elizabe? ( ,hung>y1 ,/4 ,l\is ( ,france1 ,/4 ,bonav5tura2 to ! left1 ,/4 ,ives ( ,bretagne1 ,/4 ,eleaz>1 & ,/4 ,l\is ( ,t\l\se4#a ,pa9t$ = ! ,franciscans by ,morone & ,paolo ,cavazzolo ( ,v]ona4 ,?is is a picture ( wond]ful beauty1 & q poetical 9 ! s5tim5t & arrangem5t1 & ! m+l+ ( ! cele/ial1 ! allegorical1 & ! real p]sonages1 ) a c]ta9 solemnity & gracefulness q indescribable4 ,! virtues1 = in/ance1 are n s mu* allegorical p]sons z spiritual appe>ances1 & ! :ole ( ! ripp] "p ( ! picture is l a vision4 ,footnote #a3 ,= ^! ,franciscan sa9ts1 v4 ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s4 #d4 ,! ,virg91 /&+ on ! tree ( ,site1 holds ! ,infant3 rays ( glory proce$ f !m on e side4 ,/4 ,francis1 kneel+ at ! foot ( ! tree1 looks up 9 an ec/asy ( devotion1 :ile a snake ) a w\nd$ & ble$+ head is crawl+ away4 ,?is /range picture1 pa9t$ = ! ,franciscans1 by ,c>du*o1 ab\t #afbe1 is a repres5tation ( an ab/ract dogma 7r$emption f orig9al s971 9 ! mo/ real1 mo/ animat$ =m--all ov] life1 e>?ly brea?+ life--& made me />t back3 9 ! m+l+ ( my/icism & mat]ialism1 x is q ,spani%4#a ,footnote #a3 ,e/]hazy ,gal41 ,vi5na4 ,mr4 ,/irl+ tells u t ! ,franciscan fri>s ( ,valladolid possess$ two pictures ( ! ,virg9 by ,mateo de ,c]ezo 9 "o ( :i* %e 0 repres5t$ sitt+ 9 a *]ry-tree & ador$ by ,/4 ,francis4 ,?is unusual ?rone may p]haps h be5 introduc$ by ,c]ezo z a symbol ( 8 own dev\t feel+s1 8 patronymic be+ ! ,ca/ilian ^w = *]ry-tree4--,/irl+'s ,arti/s ( ,spa91 p4 #ajcc4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m pr9ts & pictures ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild seat$ 9 a tree4 ,x 0 "o ( ! fanta/ic conceptions ( an unheal?y p]iod ( religion & art4 #e4 ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild en?ron$4 ,on ! "r ( ! ,virg91 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,z5obio1 ! two protectors ( ,flor5ce4 ,! latt] we>s 8 episcopal cope ri*ly embroid]$ ) figures4 ,on ! left /& ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,dom9ick1 protectors ( ! company = :om ! picture 0 pa9t$4 ,9 front kneel ,/4 ,j]ome & ,/4 ,francis4 ,?is picture 0 orig9ally plac$ 9 ,san ,m>co1 a *ur* belong+ to ! ,dom9icans4#a ,footnote #a3 ,i saw & admir$ ?is f9e & valuable picture 9 ! ,r9ucc9i ,palace at ,flor5ce 9 #ahdg2 x 0 pur*as$ = our ,national ,gall]y 9 #ahee4 #f4 ,:5 ! ,virg9 or ! ,*ild holds ! ,ros>y1 x is !n a ,madonna del ,ros>io1 & pa9t$ = ! ,dom9icans4 ,! ,madonna by ,murillo1 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 is an example4 ,!re is an in/ance 9 :i* ! ,madonna & ,*ild en?ron$ are di/ribut+ ros>ies to ! wor%ipp]s1 & att5d$ by ,/4 ,dom9ick & ,/4 ,pet] ,m>tyr1 ! two great sa9ts ( ! ,ord]4 7,c>avaggio1 ,belv$]e ,gal41 ,vi5na47 99 99 99 99 99 #g4 ,v important 9 pictures is ! ,madonna z m p>ticul>ly ! patroness ( ! ,c>melites1 "u h] well-kn[n title ( ,our ,lady ( ,m\nt ,c>mel1 or ,la ,madonna del ,c>m9e4 ,! memb]s ( ?is ,ord] receiv$ f ,pope ,honorius ,,iii4 ! privilege ( /yl+ !mselves ! ,family ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 & _! *ur*es are all d$icat$ to h] "u ! title ( ,s4 ,m>ia del ,c>m9e4 ,%e is g5]ally repres5t$ hold+ ! infant ,*ri/1 ) h] robe outspread1 & b5ea? its folds ! ,c>melite bre?r5 & _! *ief sa9ts4#a ,!re is an example 9 a picture by ,pord5one :i* once belong$ to ,canova4 7,acad4 ,v5ice47 ,! ,madonna del ,c>m9e is also portray$ z di/ribut+ to h] vot>ies small tablets on :i* is a picture ( h]self4 ,footnote #a3 v4 ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s1 ,! ,c>melites4 #h4 ,! ,virg91 z patroness ( ! ,ord] ( ,m]cy1 also di/ributes tablets1 b !y be> ! badge ( ! ,ord]1 & ?is di/+ui%es ,our ,lady ( ,m]cy1 s popul> 9 ,spani%1 art1 f ,our ,lady ( ,m\nt ,c>mel4 7v4 ,mona/ic ,ord]s47 ,a l>ge class ( ^! ,madonna pictures are votive (f]+s = public or private m]cies4 ,!y pres5t "s mo/ int]e/+ v>ieties ( "* & arrangem5t4 ,a votive ,mat] ,mis]icordi1 ) ! ,*ild1 9 h] arms1 is (t5 /&+ ) h] wide ample robe ext5d$1 & held up on ea* side by angels4 ,kneel+ at h] feet are ! vot>ies :o h consecrat$ ! picture1 g5]ally "s community or bro!rhood in/itut$ = *>itable purposes1 :o1 z !y kneel1 pres5t ! objects ( _! *>ity--wid[s1 orphans1 prison]s1 or ! sick & infirm4 ,! ,*ild1 9 h] arms1 b5ds =w>d1 ) ! h& rais$ 9 b5$iction4 ,i h already spok5 ( ! ,mat] ,mis]icordi )\t ! ,*ild4 ,! s5tim5t is yet m beautiful & complete :]e ! ,"m ( ,m]cy holds ! infant ,r$eem]1 ! repres5tative & pl$ge ( ,god's inf9ite m]cy1 9 h] arms4 ,!re is a ,virg9 ( ,m]cy1 by ,salvator ,rosa1 :i* is s+ul> & r poetical 9 ! conception4 ,%e is seat$ 9 heav5ly glory2 ! infant ,*ri/1 on h] knee1 b5ds b5ignly =w>d4 ,tutel>y angels are repres5t$ z plead+ = m]cy1 ) eag] out/ret*$ arms2 o!r angels1 l[] d[n1 are lib]at+ ! s\ls ( rep5tant s9n]s f torm5t4 ,! expression 9 "s ( ! heads1 ! contra/ betwe5 ! angelic pity+ spirits & ! anxi\s hagg>d features ( ! ,anime del ,purgatorio are v f9e & animat$4 ,"h ! ,virg9 is ! ,refuge ( ,s9n]s1 ,refugium ,peccatorum4 ,su* pictures are commonly met ) 9 *apels d$icat$ to s]vices = ! dead4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r class ( votive pictures are especial acts ( ?anksgiv+3--#a/4 ,= victory1 z ,la ,madonna della ,vittoria1 ,notre ,dame des ,victoires4 ,! ,virg91 on h] ?rone1 is !n att5d$ by "o or m ( ! w>rior sa9ts1 toge!r ) ! patron or patroness ( ! victors4 ,%e is !n our ,lady ( ,victory4 ,a v p]fect example ( ^! victori\s ,madonnas exi/s 9 a celebrat$ picture by ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ on a l(ty ?rone1 emb[]$ by g>l&s ( fruit1 leaves1 & fl[]s1 & bran*es ( coral1 fancifully dispos$ z a sort ( canopy ov] h] head4 ,! ,*ild /&s on h] knee1 & raises 8 h& 9 ! act ( b5$iction4 ,on ! "r ( ! ,virg9 appe> ! w>like sa9ts1 ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,maurice2 !y recomm5d to h] protection ! ,m>quis ( ,mantua1 ,giovan ,francesco ,gonzaga1 :o kneels 9 complete arm\r4#a ,on ! left /& ,/4 ,&rew & ,/4 ,long9us1 ! gu>dian sa9ts ( ,mantua2 on ! /ep ( ! ?rone1 ! "y ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 patron ( ! ,m>quis2 & m 9 front1 a female figure1 se5 half-l5g?1 :i* "s h suppos$ to be ,/4 ,elizabe?1 ! "m ( ! ,bapti/1 & o!rs1 ) m reason1 ! wife ( ! ,m>quis1 ! accompli%$ ,isabella d',e/e4#b ,?is picture 0 d$icat$ 9 celebration ( ! victory ga9$ by ,gonzaga ov] ! ,fr5*1 ne> ,=none1 9 #adie4c ,!re is some?+ exce$+ly gr&1 &1 at ! same "t1 exce$+ly fanta/ic & poetical1 9 ! :ole arrangem5t2 & besides its beauty & hi/orical importance1 x is ! mo/ important "w ( ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,gonzaga1 :o is ! h]o ( ! picture1 0 a poet z well z a soldi]4 ,isabella d',e/e %9es conspicu\sly1 bo? = virtue & tal5t1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! revival ( art dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,%e 0 "o ( ! fir/ :o collect$ gems1 antiques1 pictures1 & made !m available = ! /udy & improvem5t ( ! le>n$4 ,altoge!r1 ! picture is mo/ int]e/+ 9 e po9t ( view4 ,x 0 c>ri$ (f by ! ,fr5* f ,milan 9 #agig2 & consid]+ ! occasion on :i* x 0 pa9t$1 !y mu/ h _h a special pleasure 9 plac+ x 9 _! ,l\vre1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,footnote #a3 ,qui r5d grces du prt5du succs obt5u sur ,*>les ,,viii4 la bataille de ,=none1 z ! ,fr5* catalogue expresses x4 ,footnote #b3 ,bo?1 h[ev]1 may be "r2 = ,/4 ,elizabe? 0 ! patron sa9t ( ! ,m>*esana3 ! head has q ! air ( a portrait1 & may be ,isabella 9 lik5ess ( a sa9t4 ,footnote #c3 ,si les soldats avai5t mieux second la brav\re de leur *ef1 l'armie de ,*>les ,,viii4 tait p]due sans ress\rce--,ils se disp]s]5t p\r pill] et laissr5t aux ,franais le temps de cont9u] leur r\te4 ,!re is a v curi\s & mu* m anci5t ,madonna ( ?is class pres]v$ at ,si5a1 & /yl$ ! ,madonna del ,voto4 ,! ,si5ese be+ at w> ) ,flor5ce1 plac$ _! city "u ! protection ( ! ,virg91 & made a solemn v[ t1 if victori\s1 !y w\ld make ov] _! :ole t]ritory to h] z a p]petual possession1 & hold x f h] z h] loyal vassals4 ,aft] ! victory ( ,arbia1 :i* plac$ ,flor5ce itself = a "t 9 su* imm95t dang]1 a picture 0 d$icat$ by ,si5a to ! ,virg9 della ,vittoria4 ,%e is en?ron$ & cr[n$1 & ! infant ,*ri/1 /&+ on h] knee1 holds 9 8 h& ! de$ ( gift4 99 99 99 99 99 #b;dly4 ,= deliv]ance f plague & pe/il5ce1 ^? sc\rges ( ! middle ages4 ,9 su* pictures ! ,virg9 is g5]ally att5d$ by ,/4 ,seba/ian1 ) ,/4 ,ro* or ,/4 ,george2 sometimes1 also1 by ,/4 ,cosmo & ,/4 ,damian1 all ( !m protectors & heal]s 9 "t ( sickness & calamity4 ,^! int]cessors are (t5 accompani$ by ! patrons ( ! *ur* or locality4 ,!re is a rem>kable picture ( ?is class by ,matteo di ,giovanni 7,si5a ,acad471 9 :i* ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are ?ron$ betwe5 ,/4 ,seba/ian & ,/4 ,george1 :ile ,/4 ,cosmo & ,/4 ,damian1 dress$ z physicians1 & hold+ _! palms1 kneel be=e ! ?rone4 ,9 a v fam\s picture by ,titian4 7,rome1 ,vatican71 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are seat$ 9 heav5ly glory4 ,%e has a smil+ & graci\s expression1 & ! ,*ild holds a g>l&1 :ile angels scatt] fl[]s4 ,bel[ /& ,/4 ,seba/ian1 ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ,/4 ,pet]1 & ,/4 ,francis4 ,! picture 0 an (f]+ to ! ,virg91 aft] ! cessation ( a pe/il5ce at ,v5ice1 & consecrat$ 9 a *ur* ( ! ,franciscans d$icat$ to ,/4 ,ni*olas4#a ,footnote #a3 ,san ,nicolo de' ,fr>i1 s9ce de/roy$1 & ! picture has be5 transf]r$ to ! ,vatican4 ,ano!r celebrat$ votive picture aga9/ pe/il5ce is ,correggio's ,madonna di ,san ,seba/iano4 7,dresd5 ,gal47 ,%e is seat$ 9 heav5ly glory1 ) little angels1 n s mu* ador+ z sport+ & hov]+ r\nd h]2 bel[ are ,/4 ,seba/ian & ,/4 ,ro*1 ! latt] asleep4 7,!re w\ld be an impropriety 9 exhibit+ ,/4 ,ro* sleep+ b = ! ref]5ce to ! leg5d1 t1 :ile he slept1 an angel heal$ him1 :i* l5ds ! circum/ance a k9d ( poetical beauty47 ,/4 ,seba/ian1 b\nd1 looks up on ! o!r side4 ,! introduction ( ,/4 ,gem9iano1 ! patron ( ,mod5a1 %[s ! picture to h be5 pa9t$ = t city1 :i* _h be5 desolat$ by pe/il5ce 9 #aeab4 ,! date ( ! picture is #aeae4 ,we may !n take x = grant$1 t :]ev] ! ,virg9 & ,*ild appe> att5d$ by ,/4 ,seba/ian & ,/4 ,ro*1 ! picture has be5 a votive (f]+ aga9/ ! plague2 & !re is some?+ t\*+ 9 ! numb] ( su* memorials :i* exi/ 9 ! ,italian *ur*es4 7v4 ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 ,! bro!rhoods in/itut$ 9 mo/ ( ! t[ns ( ,italy & ,g]many1 = att5d+ ! sick & plague-/rick5 9 times ( public calamity1 7 plac$ "u ! protection ( ! ,virg9 ( ,m]cy1 ,/4 ,seba/ian1 & ,/4 ,ro*2 & _m ( ^! pictures 7 d$icat$ by su* communities1 or by ! municipal au?orities ( ! city or locality4 ,!re is a memorable example 9 a picture by ,guido1 pa9t$1 by comm& ( ! ,s5ate ( ,bologna1 aft] ! cessation ( ! plague1 :i* desolat$ ! city 9 #ahcj4 7,acad4 ,bologna47 ,! b5ign ,virg91 ) h] ,*ild1 is seat$ 9 ! skies3 ! ra9b[1 symbol ( peace & reconciliation1 is "u h] feet4 ,! infant ,*ri/1 lovely & graci\s1 raises 8 "r h& 9 ! act ( bless+2 9 ! o!r he holds a bran* ( olive3 angels scatt] fl[]s ar\nd4 ,bel[ /& ! gu>dian sa9ts1 ! ,santi ,protettori ( ,bologna2--,/4 ,petronius1 ,/4 ,francis1 ,/4 ,dom9ick2 ! w>rior-m>tyrs1 ,/4 ,proculus & ,/4 ,florian1 9 complete arm\r2 ) ,/4 ,ignatius & ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]4 ,bel[ ^! is se51 z if ?r\gh a d>k cl\d & dim9i%$1 ! city ( ,bologna1 :]e ! dead are borne away 9 c>ts & on bi]s4 ,! upp] "p ( ?is fam\s picture is mo/ *>m+ = ! graci\s beauty ( ! expression1 ! fre%ness & delicacy ( ! col\r4 ,! l[] "p is less happy1 ?\gh ! head ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* is ! portrait ( ,guido's intimate fri5d & executor1 ,saulo ,guidotti1 c h>dly be exce$$ = int5se & life-l tru?4 ,! o!r figures are defici5t 9 expression & ! execution hurri$1 s t on ! :ole x is inf]ior to ! votive ,piet already describ$4 ,guido1 x is said1 _h no "t to prep>e a canvas or c>toons1 & pa9t$ ! :ole on a piece ( :ite silk4 ,x 0 c>ri$ 9 gr& procession1 & solemnly d$icat$ by ! ,s5ate1 :5ce x obta9$ ! title by :i* x is celebrat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 ,il ,pallione del ,voto4 #c;dly4 ,aga9/ inundations1 flood1 & fire1 ,/4 ,george is ! great protector4 ,?is sa9t & ,/4 ,b>b>a1 :o is patroness aga9/ ?und] & tempe/1 express deliv]ance f su* calamities1 :5 9 companion%ip4 ,! ,madonna di ,san ,giorgio ( ,correggio 7,dresd5 ,gal47 is a votive alt>-piece d$icat$ on ! occasion ( a great inundation ( ! riv] ,sec*ia4 ,%e is seat$ on h] ?rone1 & ! ,*ild looks d[n on ! wor%ipp]s & vot>ies4 ,/4 ,george /&s 9 front victori\s1 8 foot on ! head ( ! dragon4 ,! introduction ( ,/4 ,gem9iano tells u t ! picture 0 pa9t$ = ! city ( ,mod5a2 ! pres5ce ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,pet] ,m>tyr %[ t x 0 d$icat$ by ! ,dom9icans1 9 _! *ur* ( ,/4 ,john4 7,see ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s47 99 99 99 99 99 ,n less int]e/+ are ^? votive ,madonnas d$icat$ by ! piety ( families & individuals4 ,9 ! family alt>-pieces1 ! vot>y is (t5 pres5t$ on "o side by 8 patron sa9t1 & 8 wife by h] patron on ! o!r4 ,n seldom a troop ( hopeful sons att5d ! fa!r1 & a tra9 ( g5tle1 demure-look+ daught]s kneel beh9d ! "m4 ,su* memorials ( dome/ic affection & grateful piety are (t5 v *>m+2 !y are pieces ( family biography3#a we h celebrat$ examples bo? 9 ,g]man & ,italian art4 ,footnote #a3 ,sev]al are engrav$1 z illu/rations1 9 ,litta's great ,hi/ory ( ! ,italian ,families4 #a4 ,! ,madonna della ,famiglia ,b5tivoglio 0 pa9t$ by ,lor5zo ,co/a1 = ,giovanni ,,ii41 "l or tyrant ( ,bologna f #adfb to #aejf1 ,! hi/ory ( ?is ,giovanni is mix$ up 9 an int]e/+ mann] ) ! revival ( art & lett]s2 he 0 a great patron ( bo?1 & among ! pa9t]s 9 8 s]vice 7 ,francesco ,francia & ,lor5zo ,co/a4 ,! latt] pa9t$ = him 8 family *apel 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,giacomo at ,bologna2 &1 :ile ! ,b5tivogli h long s9ce be5 *as$ f _! native t]ritory1 _! family alt> /ill rema9s unt\*$1 unviolat$4 ,! ,virg91 z usual1 is seat$ on a l(ty ?rone be>+ h] div9e ,*ild2 %e is veil$1 no hair se51 & simply drap$2 %e b5ds =w>d ) mild b5ignity4 ,to ! "r ( ! ?rone kneels ,giovanni ) 8 f\r sons2 on ! left 8 wife1 att5d$ by six daught]s3 all are portraits1 admirable /udies = "* & co/ume4 ,beh9d ! daught]s1 ! head ( an old woman is j visible1--accord+ to tradition ! old nurse ( ! family4 #b4 ,ano!r mo/ int]e/+ family ,madonna is t ( ,ludovico ,s=za il ,moro1 pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( ,sant' ,ambrogio at ,milan4#a ,! ,virg9 sits en?ron$1 ri*ly dress$1 ) long fair hair hang+ d[n1 & no veil or ornam5t2 two angels hold a cr[n ov] h] head4 ,! ,*ild lies ext5d$ on h] knee4 ,r\nd h] ?rone are ! f\r fa!rs1 ,/4 ,ambrose1 ,/4 ,gregory1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 & ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,9 front ( ! ?rone kneels ,ludovico il ,moro1 ,duke ( ,milan1 9 a ri* dress & un>m$2 ,ambrose1 z protector ( ,milan1 lays 8 h& ^u 8 %\ld]4 ,at 8 side kneels a boy ab\t five ye>s old4 ,opposite to him is ! du*ess1 ,beatrice d',e/e1 also kneel+2 & ne> h] a little baby 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 hold+ up its t9y h&s 9 supplication1 kneels on a cu%ion4 ,! age ( ! *ildr5 %[s ! picture to h be5 pa9t$ ab\t #adif4 ,! fate ( ,ludovico il ,moro is well kn[n3 p]haps ! bless$ ,virg9 deem$ a traitor & an assass9 unwor?y ( h] protection4 ,he di$ 9 ! frightful prison ( ,lo*es aft] twelve ye>s ( captivity2 & bo? 8 sons1 ,maximilian & ,francesco1 7 un=tunate4 ,) !m ! family ( ,s=za & ! indep5d5ce ( ,milan 7 ext+ui%$ toge!r 9 #aece4 ,footnote #a3 ,by an unkn[n pa9t] ( ! s*ool ( ,lion>do1 & n[ 9 ! gall]y1 ( ! ,br]a4 #c4 ,ano!r celebrat$ & mo/ preci\s picture ( ?is class is ! ,virg9 ( ! ,mey] family1 pa9t$ by ,holbe9 = ! burgoma/] ,jacob ,mey] ( ,basle4#a ,accord+ to a family tradition1 ! y\nge/ son ( ! burgoma/] 0 sick ev5 to dea?1 &1 ?r\gh ! m]ciful int]cession ( ! ,virg91 0 re/or$ to 8 p>5ts1 :o1 9 gratitude1 d$icat$ ?is (f]+4 ,%e /&s on a p$e/al 9 a ri*ly ornam5t$ ni*e2 ov] h] long fair hair1 :i* falls d[n h] %\ld]s to h] wai/1 %e we>s a sup]b cr[n2 & h] robe ( a d>k gre5i% blue is conf9$ by a crimson girdle4 ,9 purity1 dignity1 humility1 & intellectual grace1 ?is exquisite ,madonna has nev] be5 surpass$2 n ev5 by ,raphael2 ! face1 once se51 haunts ! memory4 ,! ,*ild 9 h] arms is g5]ally suppos$ to be ! infant ,*ri/4 ,i h fanci$1 z ,i look on ! picture1 t x may be ! poor sick *ild recomm5d$ to h] m]cy1 = ! face is v pa!tic1 ! limbs n m]ely delicate b att5uat$1 :ile1 on comp>+ x ) ! robu/ *ild :o /&s bel[1 ! resemblance & ! contra/ are bo? /rik+4 ,to ! "r ( ! ,virg9 kneels ! burgoma/] ,mey] ) two ( 8 sons1 "o ( :om holds ! little bro!r :o is re/or$ to heal?1 & seems to pres5t him to ! p4 ,on ! left kneel f\r females--! "m1 ! gr&mo!r1 & two daught]s4 ,all ^! are portraits1 t\*$ ) t homely1 vigor\s tru?1 & f9i%$ ) t consummate delicacy1 :i* *>act]iz$ ,holbe9 9 8 happie/ ef=ts2 &1 ) _! e>ne/ b r ugly & e>?ly faces1 contra/+ ) ! div9ely compassionate & ref9$ be+ :o looks d[n on !m ) an air s human1 s mat]nal1 & yet s une>?ly4 ,footnote #a3 ,dresd5 ,gal4 ,! engrav+ by ,/e9le is ju/ly celebrat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sometimes x is a s+le vot>y :o kneels be=e ! ,madonna4 ,9 ! old times he express$ 8 humility by plac+ himself 9 a corn] & mak+ himself s dim9utive z to be sc>ce visible aft]w>ds1 ! head ( ! vot>y or donor is se5 life-size1 ) h&s jo9$ 9 pray]1 j above ! m>g9 at ! foot ( ! ?rone2 c>e be+ tak5 to remove him f all juxtaposition ) ! att5dant sa9ts4 ,b1 z ! religi\s feel+ 9 art decl9$1 ! liv+ vot>ies are m+l$ ) ! spiritual patrons--! human mortals ) ! human immortals1--) a disreg>d to "t & place1 :i*1 if x be n s l[ly 9 _s1 c be r5d]$ by a great arti/ /rik+ly poetical & significant4 #a4 ,! r5[n$ ,madonna di ,foligno1 "o ( ,raphael's ma/]pieces1 is a votive picture ( ?is class4 ,x 0 d$icat$ by ,sigismund ,conti ( ,foligno2 private secret>y to ,pope ,julius ,,ii41 & a di/+ui%$ man 9 o!r respects1 a writ] & a patron ( le>n+4 ,x appe>s t ,sigismund hav+ be5 9 great dang] f a meteor or ?und]bolt1 v[$ an (f]+ to ! bless$ ,virg91 to :om he attribut$ 8 safety1 & 9 fulfilm5t ( 8 v[ consecrat$ ?is preci\s picture4 ,9 ! upp] "p ( ! composition sits ! ,virg9 9 heav5ly glory2 by h] side ! infant ,*ri/1 p>tly su/a9$ by 8 "m's veil1 :i* is drawn r\nd 8 body3 bo? look d[n b5ignly on ! vot>y ,sigismund ,conti1 :o1 kneel+ bel[1 gazes up ) an expression ( ! mo/ int5se gratitude & devotion4 ,x is a portrait f ! life1 & c]ta9ly "o ( ! f9e/ & mo/ life-l t exi/s 9 pa9t+4 ,beh9d him /&s ,/4 ,j]ome1 :o1 plac+ 8 h& ^u ! head ( ! vot>y1 seems to pres5t him to 8 cele/ial protectress4 ,on ! opposite side ,john ! ,bapti/1 ! meagre wild-look+ prophet ( ! des]t1 po9ts upw>d to ! ,r$eem]4 ,m 9 front kneels ,/4 ,francis1 :o1 :ile he looks up to heav5 ) tru/+ & implor+ love1 ext5ds 8 "r h& t[>ds ! wor%ipp]s1 suppos$ to be assembl$ 9 ! *ur*1 recomm5d+ !m also to ! protect+ grace ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! picture1 divid+ ^! two gr\ps1 /&s a lovely angel-boy hold+ 9 8 h& a tablet1 "o ( ! mo/ *>m+ figures ( ?is k9d ,raphael ev] pa9t$2 ! head1 look+ up1 has t sublime1 yet p]fectly *ildi% grace1 :i* /rikes u 9 ^? awful angel-boys 9 ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o4 ,! backgr\nd is a l&scape1 9 :i* appe>s ! city ( ,foligno at a di/ance2 x is ov]%ad[$ by a /orm-cl\d1 & a meteor is se5 fall+2 b above ^! b5ds a ra9b[1 pl$ge ( peace & safety4 ,! :ole picture gl[s ?r\gh\t ) life & beauty1 hall[$ by t pr(\nd religi\s s5tim5t :i* sugge/$ ! (f]+1 & :i* ! sympa!tic arti/ seems to h caught f ! grateful donor4 ,x 0 d$icat$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,ara-,coeli at ,rome1 :i* belongs to ! ,franciscans2 h5ce ,/4 ,francis is "o ( ! pr9cipal figures4 ,:5 ,i 0 ask$1 at ,rome1 :y ,/4 ,j]ome _h be5 introduc$ into ! picture1 ,i ?\ght x might be ?us acc\nt$ =3--,! patron sa9t ( ! donor1 ,/4 ,sigismund1 0 a k+ & a w>rior1 & ,conti might possibly ?9k t x did n accord ) 8 pr(ession1 z an humble ecclesia/ic1 to introduce him "h4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ conv5t ( ! ,j]onimites 9 ,italy is t ( ,/4 ,sigismund ne> ,cremona1 plac$ "u ! special protection ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 :o is also 9 a g5]al s5se ! patron ( all ecclesia/ics2 h5ce1 p]haps1 he figures "h z ! protector ( ,sigismund ,conti4 ,! picture 0 pa9t$1 & plac$ ov] ! high alt> ( ! ,ara-,coeli 9 #aeaa1 :5 ,raphael 0 9 8 tw5ty-eigh? ye>4 ,conti di$ 9 #aeab1 & 9 #aefe 8 gr&niece1 ,suora ,anna ,conti1 obta9$ p]mission to remove x to h] conv5t at ,foligno1 :5ce x 0 c>ri$ (f by ! ,fr5* 9 #agib4 ,s9ce ! re/oration ( ! works ( art 9 ,italy1 9 #ahae1 x has be5 plac$ among ! treasures ( ! ,vatican4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,ano!r p]fect specim5 ( a votive picture ( ?is k9d1 9 a v diff]5t /yle1 ,i saw 9 ! museum at ,r\51 attribut$ !re to ,van ,eyck4 ,x is1 probably1 a f9e "w by a lat] ma/] ( ! s*ool1 p]haps ,hemmel9ck4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ! ,virg9 is en?ron$2 ! ,*ild1 seat$ on h] knee1 holds a bun* ( grapes1 symbol ( ! eu*>i/4 ,on ! "r ( ! ,virg9 is ,/4 ,apollonia2 !n two lovely angels 9 :ite raim5t1 ) lutes 9 _! h&s2 & !n a female head1 se5 look+ f beh9d1 evid5tly a family portrait4 ,m 9 front1 ,/4 ,agnes1 spl5didly dress$ 9 gre5 & sable1 h] lamb at h] feet1 turns ) a que/ion+ air to ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 :o1 9 que5ly g>b ( crimson & erm9e seems to consult h] book4 ,beh9d h] ano!r memb] ( ! family1 a man ) a v f9e face2 & m 9 front ,/4 ,doro!a1 ) a *>m+ expression ( mode/y1 looks d[n on h] basket ( roses4 ,on ! left ( ! ,virg9 is ,/4 ,aga?a2 !n two angels 9 :ite ) viols2 !n ,/4 ,cecilia2 & ne> h] a female head1 ano!r family portrait2 next ,/4 ,b>b>a we>+ a beautiful head-dress1 9 front ( :i* is work$ h] t[]1 fram$ l an ornam5tal jewel 9 gold & pe>ls2 %e has a missal 9 h] lap4 ,/4 ,lucia next appe>s2 !n ano!r female portrait4 ,all ! heads are ab\t "o f\r? ( ! size ( life4 ,i /ood 9 admiration be=e ?is picture--su* miracul\s f9i% 9 all ! details1 su* life1 su* _s1 su* delicacy 9 ! heads & h&s1 su* brilliant col\r 9 ! drap]ies6 ,( its hi/ory ,i c\ld le>n no?+1 nor :at family _h ?us introduc$ !mselves into cele/ial companion%ip4 ,! portraits seem$ to me to repres5t a fa!r1 a "m1 & two daught]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i mu/ m5tion "s o!r in/ances ( votive ,madonnas1 int]e/+ ei!r f _! beauty or _! s+ul>ity4 #c4 ,rn1 ,duke ( ,anj\1 & ,k+ ( ,sicily & ,j]usalem1 ! fa!r ( our ,amazonian que51 ,m>g>et ( ,anj\1 d$icat$1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,c>melites1 at ,aix1 ! capital ( 8 dom9ions1 a votive picture1 :i* is /ill to be se5 !re4 ,x is n only a monum5t ( 8 piety1 b ( 8 skill2 =1 accord+ to ! tradition ( ! c\ntry1 he pa9t$ x himself4 ,! good ,k+ ,rn 0 no contemptible arti/2 b ?\gh he may h sugge/$ ! subject1 ! h& ( a practis$ & accompli%$ pa9t] is too app>5t = u to suppose x 8 own "w4 ,?is alt>-piece 9 a tripty*on1 & :5 ! doors are clos$ x measures twelve feet 9 height1 & sev5 feet 9 wid?4 ,on ! outside ( ! doors is ! ,annunciation3 to ! left1 ! angel /&+ on a p$e/al1 "u a ,go?ic canopy2 to ! "r1 ! ,virg9 /&+ ) h] book1 "u a simil> canopy3 bo? graceful figures4 ,on op5+ ! doors1 ! c5tral comp>tm5t exhibits ! ,virg9 & h] ,*ild en?ron$ 9 a burn+ bu%2 ! bu% :i* burn$ ) fire1 & 0 n consum$1 be+ a fav\rite type ( ! immaculate purity ( ! ,virg94 ,l[] d[n1 9 front1 ,moses appe>s surr\nd$ by 8 flocks1 & at ! comm& ( an angel is ab\t to take (f 8 s&als4 ,! angel is mo/ ri*ly dress$1 & on ! clasp ( 8 mantle is pa9t$ 9 m9iature ,adam & ,eve tempt$ by ! s]p5t4 ,und]nea? ?is comp>tm5t1 is ! inscription1 ,rubum quem vid]at ,moyses1 incombu/um1 cons]vatam agnovimus tuam laudabilem ,virg9itatem1 ,sancta ,dei ,g5itrix#a4 ,on ! door to ! "r ( ! ,virg9 kneels ,k+ ,rn himself be=e an alt>1 on :i* lies an op5 book & 8 k+ly cr[n4 ,he is dress$ 9 a robe trimm$ ) erm9e1 & we>s a black velvet cap4 ,beh9d him1 ,m>y ,magdal5e 7! patroness ( ,prov5ce71 ,/4 ,antony1 & ,/4 ,maurice4 ,on ! o!r door1 ,jeanne de ,laval1 ! second wife ( ,rn1 kneels be=e an op5 book2 %e is "y & beautiful1 & ri*ly attir$2 & beh9d h] /& ,/4 ,john 7h] patron sa9t71 ,/4 ,ca!r9e 7v noble & elegant71 & ,/4 ,ni*olas4 ,i saw ?is curi\s & int]e/+ picture 9 #ahdf4 ,x is v well pres]v$1 & pa9t$ ) great f9i% & delicacy 9 ! mann] ( ! e>ly ,flemi% s*ool4 ,footnote #a3 ,= ! relation ( ,moses to ! ,virg9 7z attribute7 v4 ! ,introduction4 #d4 ,9 a beautiful little picture by ,van ,eyck 7,l\vre1 ,no4 #afb4 ,ecole ,allem&e71 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a ?rone1 hold+ 9 h] arms ! infant ,*ri/1 :o has a globe 9 8 left h&1 & ext5ds ! "r 9 ! act ( b5$iction4 ,! ,virg9 is attir$ z a que51 9 a magnific5t robe fall+ 9 ample folds ar\nd h]1 & trimm$ ) jewels2 an angel1 hov]+ ) outspread w+s1 holds a cr[n ov] h] head4 ,on ! left ( ! picture1 a vot>y1 9 ! dress ( a ,flemi% burgoma/]1 kneels be=e a ,prie-,dieu1 on :i* is an op5 book1 & ) clasp$ h&s adores ! ,"m & h] ,*ild4 ,! locality repres5ts a gall]y or portico pav$ ) m>ble1 & su/a9$ by pill>s 9 a fanta/ic ,moori% /yle4 ,! :ole picture is q exquisite = ! delicacy ( col\r & execution4 ,9 ! catalogue ( ! ,l\vre1 ?is picture1 is entitl$ ,/4 ,joseph ador+ ! ,infant ,*ri/1--an obvi\s mi/ake1 if we consid] ! /yle ( ! treatm5t & ! cu/oms ( ! "t4 #e4 ,all :o h visit$ ! *ur* ( ! ,fr>i at ,v5ice w rememb]--= once se51 !y nev] c =get--! ex-voto alt>-piece :i* adorns ! *apel ( ! ,pes>o family4 ,! beautiful ,virg9 is seat$ on a l(ty ?rone to ! "r ( ! picture1 & presses to h] bosom ! ,dio ,bamb9etto1 :o turns f h] to bless ! vot>y pres5t$ by ,/4 ,pet]4 ,! sa9t /&s on ! /eps ( ! ?rone1 "o h& on a book2 & beh9d him kneels "o ( ! ,pes>o family1 :o 0 at once bi%op ( ,paphos & comm&] ( ! ,pope's galleys3 he approa*es to consecrate to ! ,madonna ! /&>ds tak5 f ! ,turks1 :i* are borne by ,/4 ,george1 z patron ( ,v5ice4 ,on ! o!r side appe> ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,antony ( ,padua1 z patrons ( ! *ur* 9 :i* ! picture is d$icat$4 ,l[] d[n1 kneel+ on "o side ( ! ?rone1 is a gr\p ( v>i\s memb]s ( ! ,pes>o family1 ?ree ( :om are habit$ 9 crimson robes1 z ,cavali]i di ,san ,m>co2 ! o!r1 a y\? ab\t fifte51 looks out ( ! picture1 a/oni%+ly alive1 & yet suffici5tly idealiz$ to h>monize ) ! re/4 ,?is picture is v rem>kable = sev]al reasons4 ,x is a piece ( family hi/ory1 curi\sly illu/rative ( ! mann]s ( ! "t4 ,! ,pes>o "h commemorat$ 0 an ecclesia/ic1 b appo9t$ by ,alex&] ,,vi4 to comm& ! galleys ) :i* he jo9$ ! ,v5etian =ces aga9/ ! ,turks 9 #aejc4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,/4 ,pet]--z repres5tative "h ( ! ,roman pontiff--introduces him to ! ,madonna1 :ile ,/4 ,george1 z patron ( ,v5ice1 att5ds him4 ,! picture is a monum5t ( ! victory ga9$ by ,pes>o1 & ! gratitude & pride ( 8 family4 ,x is also "o ( ! f9e/ works ( ,titian2 "o ( ! e>lie/ in/ances 9 :i* a really gr& religi\s composition assumes almo/ a dramatic & sc5ic =m1 yet reta9s a c]ta9 dignity & symmetry wor?y ( its solemn de/9ation4#a ,footnote #a3 ,we f9d 9 ! catalogue ( pictures :i* belong$ to our ,*>les ,i4 "o :i* repres5t$ a pope pref]r+ a g5]al ( 8 navy to ,/4 ,pet]4 ,x is ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 pres5t+ ?is v ,pes>o to ,/4 ,pet]2 t is1 9 pla9 unpictorial prose1 giv+ him ! appo9tm5t ( admiral ( ! galleys ( ! ,roman /ates4 ,?is int]e/+ picture1 aft] _m vicissitudes1 is n[ 9 ! ,museum at ,antw]p4 7,see ! ,h&book to ! ,royal ,gall]ies1 p4 #bja47 #f4 ,i w give "o m in/ance4 ,!re is 9 our ,national ,gall]y a ,v5etian picture :i* is /rik+ f its peculi> & *>act]i/ic treatm5t4 ,on "o side1 ! ,virg9 ) h] ,infant is seat$ on a ?rone2 a cavali]1 we>+ arm\r & a turban1 :o looks z if he _h j return$ f ! ea/]n w>s1 pro/rates himself be=e h]3 9 ! backgr\nd1 a page 7said to be ! portrait ( ! pa9t]7 holds ! horse ( ! vot>y4 ,! figures are life-size1 or ne>ly s1 z well z ,i c rememb]1 & ! s5tim5tal dramatic treatm5t is q ,v5etian4 ,x is suppos$ to repres5t a c]ta9 ,duccio ,con/anzo ( ,treviso1 & 0 once attribut$ to ,giorgione3 x is c]ta9ly ( ! s*ool ( ,bell9i4 7,nat4 ,gal4 ,catalogue1 #bcd47 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ^! en?ron$ & votive ,virg9s multipli$1 z x became m & m a fa%ion to d$icate !m z (f]+s 9 *ur*es1 want ( space1 & p]haps1 also1 reg>d to exp5se1 sugge/$ ! idea ( repres5t+ ! figures half-l5g?4 ,! ,v5etians1 f e>ly "t ! be/ face pa9t]s 9 ! _w1 appe> to h be5 ! fir/ to cut (f ! l[] "p ( ! figure1 leav+ ! arrangem5t o!rwise mu* ! same4 ,! ,virg9 is /ill a que5ly & maje/ic creature1 sitt+ !re to be ador$4 ,a curta9 or "p ( a c>v$ *air repres5ts h] ?rone4 ,! att5dant sa9ts are plac$ to ! "r & to ! left2 or sometimes ! ?rone occupies "o side ( ! picture1 & ! sa9ts are rang$ on ! o!r4 ,f ! %ape & dim9i%$ size ( ^! votive pictures ! p]sonages1 se5 half-l5g?1 are necess>ily plac$ v ne> to ea* o!r1 & ! heads ne>ly on a level ) t ( ! ,virg91 :o is g5]ally se5 to ! knees1 :ile ! ,*ild is always full-l5g?4 ,9 su* compositions we miss ! gr&eur ( ! entire =ms1 & ! consequ5t div]sity ( "* & attitude2 b sometimes ! beauty & individuality ( ! heads atone = all o!r defici5cies4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! e>li] ,v5etian examples1 ^? ( ,gian ,bell9i p>ticul>ly1 !re is a solemn quiet elevation :i* r5d]s !m little inf]ior1 9 religi\s s5tim5t1 to ! mo/ maje/ic ( ! en?ron$ & enski$ ,madonnas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is a sacr$ gr\p by ,bell9i1 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,*>les ,ea/lake1 :i* has always appe>$ to me a v p]fect specim5 ( ?is class ( pictures4 ,x is also ! e>lie/ ,i "k (4 ,! ,virg91 p5sive1 s$ate1 & sweet1 l all ,bell9i's ,virg9s1 is seat$ 9 ! c5tre1 & se5 9 front4 ,! ,*ild1 on h] knee1 blesses ) 8 "r h&1 & ! ,virg9 places h]s on ! head ( a vot>y1 :o j appe>s above ! edge ( ! picture1 ) h&s jo9$ 9 pray]2 he is a f9e "y man ) an elevat$ & elegant pr(ile4 ,on ! "r are ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ po9t+ to ! ,savi\r1 & ,/4 ,ca!r9e2 on ! left1 ,/4 ,george ) 8 bann]1 & ,/4 ,pet] hold+ 8 book4 ,a simil> picture1 ) ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,/4 ,j]ome on ! "r1 ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,m>?a on ! left1 is 9 ! ,leu*t5b]g ,gall]y at ,muni*4 ,ano!r ( exquisite beauty is 9 ! ,v5ice ,academy1 9 :i* ! lovely ,/4 ,ca!r9e we>s a cr[n ( myrtle4 ,once introduc$1 ^! half-l5g? en?ron$ ,madonnas became v common1 spread+ f ! ,v5etian /ates ?r\gh ! nor? ( ,italy2 & we f9d innum]able examples f ! be/ s*ools ( art 9 ,italy & ,g]many1 f ! middle ( ! fifte5? to ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,i %all p>ticul>ize a few ( ^!1 :i* w be suffici5t to guide ! att5tion ( ! obs]v]2 & we mu/ c>efully discrim9ate betwe5 ! s5tim5t prop] to ^! half-l5g? en?ron$ ,madonnas1 & ! pa/oral or dome/ic sacr$ gr\ps & ,holy ,families1 ( :i* ,i %all h to treat h]eaft]4 ,raphael's well-kn[n ,madonna della ,seggiola & ,madonna della ,c&elabra1 are bo? en?ron$ ,virg9s 9 ! gr& /yle1 ?\gh se5 half-l5g?4 ,9 fact1 ! air ( ! head ought1 9 ! high] s*ools ( art1 at once to di/+ui% a ,madonna1 9 trono1 ev5 :]e only ! head is visible4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 a ,milanese picture1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild appe> betwe5 ,/4 ,laur5ce & ,/4 ,john4 ,! mann]$ & some:at affect$ treatm5t is contra/$ ) ! quiet1 solemn simplicity ( a gr\p by ,francia1 :]e ! ,virg9 & ,*ild appe> z objects ( wor%ip betwe5 ,/4 ,dom9ick & ,/4 ,b>b>a4 ,! ,*ild1 /&+ or seat$ on a table or balu/rade 9 front1 enabl$ ! pa9t] to v>y ! attitude1 to take ! infant ,*ri/ out ( ! arms ( ! ,"m1 & to r5d] 8 figure m prom95t4 ,x 0 a fav\rite arrangem5t ) ! ,v5etians2 & !re is an in/ance 9 a pretty picture 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 attribut$ to ,p]ug9o4 ,sometimes1 ev5 :]e ! ?rone & ! att5dant sa9ts & angels %[ ! gr\p to be :olly devotional & exalt$1 we f9d ! s5tim5t v>i$ by a t\* ( ! dramatic1--by ! introduction ( an action2 b x mu/ be "o ( a :olly religi\s significance1 sugge/ive ( a religi\s feel+1 or ! subject ceases to be prop]ly devotional 9 "*4 ,!re is a picture by ,botticelli1 be=e :i*1 9 walk+ up ! corridor ( ! ,flor5ce ,gall]y1 ,i us$1 day aft] day1 to make an involunt>y pause ( admiration4 ,! ,virg91 seat$ 9 a *air ( /ate1 b se5 only to ! knees1 su/a9s h] div9e ,son ) "o arm2 f\r angels are 9 att5dance1 "o ( :om pres5ts an inkhorn1 ano!r holds be=e h] an op5 book1 & %e is 9 ! act ( writ+ ! ,magnificat1 ,my s\l do? magnify ! ,"l6 ,! head ( ! figure beh9d ! ,virg9 is ! portrait ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici :5 a boy4 ,!re is absolutely no beauty ( feature1 ei!r 9 ! ,madonna1 or ! ,*ild1 or ! angels1 yet e face is full ( dignity & "*4 ,9 a beautiful picture by ,titian 7,bel4 ,gal41 ,vi5na4 ,l\vre1 ,no4 #deh71 ! ,virg9 is en?ron$ on ! left1 & on ! "r appe> ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,laur5ce z li/5+1 :ile ,/4 ,j]ome reads f 8 great book4 ,a small copy ( ?is picture is at ,w9dsor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! old ,g]man & ,flemi% pa9t]s1 9 treat+ ! en?ron$ ,madonna1 sometimes introduc$ accessories :i* no pa9t] ( ! e>ly ,italian s*ool w\ld h desc5d$ to2 & :i* t+e ) a homely s5tim5t _! mo/ exalt$ conceptions4 ,?us1 ,i h se5 a ,g]man ,madonna seat$ on a sup]b ?rone1 & mo/ elaborately & gorge\sly array$1 press+ h] ,*ild to h] bosom ) a truly mat]nal air2 :ile beside h]1 on a table1 is a honeycomb1 "s butt]1 a di% ( fruit1 & a glass ( wat]4 7,bel4 ,gal41 ,vi5na47 ,x is possible t 9 ?is case1 z 9 ! ,virg9 suckl+ h] ,*ild1 !re may be a religi\s allusion3--,butt] & honey %all he eat1 c4 ,,! ,,mat] ,,amabilis4 ,ital4 ,la ,madonna col ,bamb9o4 ,la ,madonna col cele/e suo figlio4 ,fr4 ,la ,vi]ge et l'enfant ,jesus4 ,g]4 ,m>ia mit dem ,k9d4 ,!re is yet ano!r treatm5t ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 no long] reta9s ! l(ty goddess-l exaltation giv5 to h] 9 ! old "t4 ,%e is br\ght ne>] to our sympa?ies4 ,%e is n seat$ 9 a *air ( /ate ) ! accompanim5ts ( e>?ly p[]2 %e is n en?ron$ on cl\ds1 nor glorifi$ & />-cr[n$ 9 heav52 %e is no long] s exclusively ! ,,v]g9e ,,dea1 nor ! ,,virgo ,,dei ,,g5itrix2 b %e is /ill ! ,,alma ,,mat] ,,r$emptoris1 ! "y1 & lovely1 & mo/ pure "m ( a div9e ,*ri/4 ,%e is n su/a9$ 9 mid-air by angels2 %e dwells l[ly on e>?2 b ! angels leave _! cele/ial home to wait ^u h]4 ,su* effigies1 :5 conceiv$ 9 a /rictly ideal & devotional s5se1 ,i %all designate z ! ,,mat] ,,amabilis4 ,! fir/ & simple/ =m ( ?is beautiful & famili> subject1 we f9d 9 ^? innum]able half-l5g? figures ( ! ,madonna1 hold+ h] ,*ild 9 h] arms1 pa9t$ *iefly = oratories1 private or way-side *apels1 & = ! /udies1 libr>ies1 & retir$ *amb]s ( ! dev\t1 z an excitem5t to religi\s feel+1 & a memorial ( ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 :]e l>ge or gr&] subjects1 or m exp5sive pictures1 w\ld be misplac$4 ,?\gh unimportant 9 comp>ison ) ! compreh5sive & magnific5t *ur* alt>-pieces already describ$1 !re is no class ( pictures s popul> & s attractive1 none on :i* ! "* ( ! "t & ! pa9t] is /amp$ m cle>ly & intelligibly1 ?an on ^! simple repres5tations4 ,! ,virg9 is n "h ! disp5s] ( m]cy2 %e is simply ! "m ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,%e is occupi$ only by h] div9e ,son4 ,%e c>esses him1 or %e gazes on him fondly4 ,%e pres5ts him to ! wor%ipp]4 ,%e holds him =? ) a p5sive joy z ! pr$e/9$ (f]+4 ,if ! pr(\nd religi\s s5tim5t ( ! e>ly ma/]s 0 aft]w>ds oblit]at$ by ! unbelief & conv5tionalism ( lat] art1 /ill ?is fav\rite subject c\ld n be s :olly pr(an$ by degrad+ s5tim5ts & associations1 z ! m]e portrait heads ( ! ,virg9 alone4 ,no matt] :at ! model = ! ,madonna1 might h be51--a wife1 a mi/ress1 a contad9a ( ,frascati1 a ,v5etian ,zitella1 a ,mad*5 ( ,nuremb]g1 a buxom ,flemi% ,frau1--= ! ,*ild 0 !re2 ! baby innoc5ce 9 h] arms consecrat$ h] into t holie/ ?+ alive1 a "m4 ,! !me1 h[ev] inadequately treat$ z reg>d$ its religi\s significance1 0 sanctifi$ 9 itself beyond ! rea* ( a pr(ane ?\ght4 ,mis]able beyond ! rea* ( hope1 d>k bel[ despair1 t moral atmosph]e :i* ! pres5ce ( s9less unconsci\s infancy _c = a mom5t purify or hall[6 ,among ! mo/ anci5t & mo/ v5]able ( ! effigies ( ! ,madonna1 we f9d ! old ,greek pictures ( ! ,mat] ,amabilis1 if t epi!t c be prop]ly appli$ to ! d>k-col\r$1 sad-visag$ ,madonnas g5]ally attribut$ to ,/4 ,luke1 or transcripts ( ^? said to be pa9t$ by him1 :i* exi/ 9 s _m *ur*es1 & are1 or 71 suppos$ by ! p to possess a peculi> sanctity4 ,^! are almo/ all ( ori5tal orig91 or pa9t$ to imitate ! pictures br\ght f ! ,ea/ 9 ! t5? or twelf? c5tury4 ,!re are a few /rik+ & g5u9e examples ( ^! anci5t ,greek ,madonnas 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,gall]y1 &1 ne>] at h&1 9 ! ,wall]/e9 collection at ,k5s+ton ,palace4 ,!y mu* resemble ea* o!r 9 ! g5]al treatm5t4 ,! inf9ite v>iety :i* pa9t]s h giv5 to ?is mo/ simple motif1 ! ,"m & ! ,*ild only1 )\t accessories or accompanim5ts ( any k9d1 exce$s all possibility ( classification1 ei!r z to attitude or s5tim5t4 ,"h ,raphael %one supreme3 ! simplicity1 ! t5d]ness1 ! halo ( purity & virg9al dignity1 :i* he ?rew r\nd ! ,mat] ,amabilis h1 nev] be5 surpass$--9 8 be/ pictures1 nev] equall$4 ,! ,madonna del ,gran-,duca1 :]e ! ,virg9 holds ! ,*ild seat$ on h] arm2 ! ,madonna ,tempi1 :]e %e s fondly presses h] *eck to 81--are p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable = simplicity4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,bridgewat] ,gall]y1 :]e ! ,infant lies on h] knees1 & ! ,"m & ,son look into ea* o!r's eyes2 ! little ,madonna ,cone/abile1 :]e %e holds ! book1 & ! infant ,*ri/1 ) a s]i\s yet p]fectly *ildi% grace1 b5ds to turn ov] ! leaf1--are ! mo/ rem>kable = s5tim5t4 ,o!r ,madonnas by ,raphael1 conta9+ ?ree or m figures1 d n belong to ?is class ( pictures4 ,!y are n /rictly devotional1 b are prop]ly ,holy ,families1 gr\ps & sc5es f ! dome/ic life ( ! ,virg94 ,) reg>d1 to o!r pa9t]s be=e or s9ce 8 "t1 ! examples ( ! ,mat] ,amabilis s ab\nd la public & private gall]ies1 & h be5 s multipli$ 9 pr9ts1 t comp>ison is )9 ! rea* ( e obs]v]4 ,i w cont5t myself ) notic+ a few ( ! mo/ rem>kable = beauty or *>act]i/ic treatm5t4 ,two pa9t]s1 :o em95tly excell$ 9 simplicity & purity ( s5tim5t1 are ,gian ,bell9i ( ,v5ice1 & ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i ( ,milan4 ,squ>cione1 ?\gh (t5 fanta/ic1 has pa9t$ "o or two ( ^! ,madonnas1 rem>kable = simplicity & dignity1 z also 8 pupil ,mantegna2 ?\gh 9 bo? ! /yle ( execution is some:at h>d & cold4 ,9 ! "o by ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 !re is su* a dep? ( mat]nal t5d]ness 9 ! expression & attitude1 we wond] :]e ! good monk f\nd 8 model4 ,9 8 own he>t8 9 8 dreams8 ,a ,mat] ,amabilis by "o ( ! ,c>acci or by ,v&yck is g5]ally m elegant & dignifi$ ?an t5d]4 ,! ,madonna1 = in/ance1 by ,annibal1 has some?+ ( ! maje/ic s5tim5t ( an en?ron$ ,madonna4 ,murillo excell$ 9 ?is subject2 al?\gh mo/ ( 8 ,virg9s h a portrait air ( common life1 !y are r$eem$ by ! expression4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 ! ,*ild1 look+ out ( ! picture ) ext5d$ arms & eyes full ( div9ity1 seems ab\t to spr+ =? to fulfil 8 mission4 ,9 ano!r he folds 8 little h&s1 & looks up to ,heav51 z if devot+ himself to 8 appo9t$ suff]+1 :ile ! ,"m looks d[n ^u him ) a t5d] resignation4 7,leu*t5b]g ,gal47 ,9 a noble ,madonna by ,v&yck 7,bridgewat] ,gal471 x is %e h]self :o devotes him to d 8 ,fa!r's w2 & ,i /ill rememb] a picture ( ?is class1 by ,c>lo ,cignani 7,belv$]e ,gal41 ,vi5na71 :i* made me />t1 ) ! int5se expression3 ! ,"m presses to h] ! ,*ild1 :o holds a cross 9 8 baby h&2 %e looks up to heav5 ) an appeal+ look ( love & angui%1--almo/ ( reproa*4 ,guido did n excel s mu* 9 *ildr51 z 9 ! ,virg9 alone4 ,p\ss91 ,c>lo ,dolce1 ,sasso ,f]rato1 &1 9 g5]al1 all ! pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 give u pretty wom5 & pretty *ildr54 ,we may pass !m ov]4 ,a second v]sion ( ! ,mat] ,amabilis1 repres5t+ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild full-l5g?1 b )\t accessories1 has be5 also v beautifully treat$4 ,%e is usually seat$ 9 a l&scape1 & frequ5tly )9 ! my/ical enclosure 7,hortus clausus71 :i* is sometimes 9 ! ,g]man pictures a m]e palisade ( /akes or b\ghs4 ,&rea ,mantegna1 ?\gh a fanta/ic pa9t]1 _h g5]ally "s mean+ 9 8 fancies4 ,!re is a f9e picture ( 8 9 :i* ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are seat$ 9 a l&scape1 & 9 ! backgr\nd is a /one-qu>ry1 :]e a numb] ( figures are se5 busily at "w2 p]haps hew+ ! /one to build ! new temple ( :i* our ,savi\r 0 ! corn]-/one4 7,flor5ce ,gal47 ,9 a gr\p by ,cri/(ano ,allori1 ! ,*ild places a wrea? ( fl[]s on ! br[ ( 8 ,"m1 hold+ 9 8 o!r h& 8 own cr[n ( ?orns3 "o ( ! fancies ( ! lat] s*ools ( art4 ,! introduction ( ! little ,/4 ,john into ! gr\p ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild l5ds x a *>m+ significance & v>iety1 & is v popul>2 we mu/1 h[ev]1 discrim9ate betwe5 ! famili>ity ( ! dome/ic subject & ! purely religi\s treatm5t4 ,:5 ! ,giovann9o adores ) fold$ h&s1 z ackn[l$g+ 9 ,*ri/ a sup]ior p[]1 or kisses 8 feet humbly1 or po9ts to him exult+1 !n x is evid5t t we h ! two ,*ildr5 9 _! spiritual "*1 ! ,*ild1 ,prie/ & ,k+1 & ! ,*ild1 ,prophet4 ,9 a picture by ,lion>do da ,v9ci 7,coll4 ( ! ,e>l ( ,suffolk71 ! ,madonna1 s]i\s & beautiful1 )\t ei!r cr[n or veil1 & adorn$ only by h] long fair hair1 is seat$ on a rock4 ,on "o side1 ! little ,*ri/1 support$ 9 ! arms ( an angel1 raises 8 h& 9 b5$iction2 on ! o!r side1 ! "y ,/4 ,john1 pres5t$ by ! ,virg91 kneels 9 adoration4 ,:]e ! ,*ildr5 are m]ely embrac+ ea* o!r1 or sport+ at ! feet ( ! ,virg91 or play+ ) ! cross1 or ) a bird1 or ) ! lamb1 or ) fl[]s1 we might call ! treatm5t dome/ic or poetical2 b :]e ,/4 ,john is tak+ ! cross f ! h& ( ,*ri/1 x is cle>1 f ! p]petual repetition ( ! !me1 t x is int5d$ to express a religi\s allegory4 ,x is ! mission ( ,/4 ,john z ,bapti/ & ,prophet4 ,he receives ! symbol ( fai? ere he goes =? to prea* & to conv]t1 or z x has be5 int]pret$1 he1 9 ! s5se us$ by our ,"l1 takes up ! cross ( our ,"l4 ,! fir/ is1 ,i ?9k1 ! mean+ :5 ! cross is enwrea!d ) ! ,ecce ,agnus ,dei2 ! latt]1 :5 x is a simple cross4 ,9 ,raphael's ,madonna della ,famiglia ,alva1 7n[ 9 ! ,imp4 ,gal41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg71 & 9 8 ,madonna ( ! ,vi5na ,gall]y1 ,*ri/ gives ! cross to ,/4 ,john4 ,9 a picture ( ! ,lion>do s*ool 9 ! ,l\vre we h ! same action2 & aga9 9 a graceful gr\p by ,guido1 :i*1 9 ! engrav+1 be>s ?is inscription1 ,qui non accipit crucem suam non e/ me dignus4 7,matt4 x4 #ch47 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 fixes ! signification4 ,ano!r1 &1 z ,i ?9k1 a :olly fanciful int]pretation1 has be5 giv5 to ?is fav\rite gr\p by ,treck & by ,monckton ,milnes4 ,! ,*ildr5 cont5d = ! cross4 ,! little ,/4 ,john begs to h x4 ,give me ! cross1 ,i pray y1 de>e/ ,jesus4 ,o if y knew h[ mu* ,i wi% to h x1 ,y w\ld n hold x 9 y\r h& s tightly4 ,some?+ has told me1 some?+ 9 my brea/ "h1 ,:i* ,i am sure is true1 t if y keep x1 ,if y w let no o!r take x f y1 ,t]rible ?+s ,i _c be> to ?9k ( ,mu/ fall ^u y4 ,%[ me t y love me3 ,am ,i n "h to be y\r little s]vant1 ,foll[ y\r /eps1 & wait ^u y\r wi%es8 ,b ,*ri/ refuses to yield ! t]rible play?+1 & claims 8 privilege to be ! eld] 9 ! h]itage ( pa94 ,9 a picture by ,c>lo ,m>atti1 ,i ?9k ?is action is evid5t--,*ri/ takes ! cross1 & ,/4 ,john yields x ) reluctance4 ,a beautiful v]sion ( ! ,mat] ,amabilis is ! ,,madre ,,pia1 :]e ! ,virg9 9 h] div9e ,infant ackn[l$ges & adores ! ,godhead4 ,we mu/ be c>eful to di/+ui% ?is subject f ! ,nativity1 = x is common1 9 ! sc5e ( ! bir? ( ! ,savi\r at ,be?lehem1 to repres5t ! ,virg9 ador+ h] new-born ,*ild4 ,! pres5ce ( ,joseph--! ru9$ %$ or mang]--! ox & ass1--^! express ! ev5t4 ,b 9 ! ,,madre ,,pia prop]ly s call$1 ! locality1 & ! accessories1 if any1 are purely ideal & poetical1 & h no ref]5ce to "t or place4 ,! e>ly ,flor5t9es1 p>ticul>ly ,lor5zo di ,cr$i1 excell$ 9 ?is *>m+ subject4 ,!re is a picture by ,filipp9o ,lippi1 :i* appe>s to me em95tly beautiful & poetical4 ,"h ! my/ical g>d5 is =m$ ( a balu/rade1 beyond :i* is se5 a h$ge all 9 a blu% ) roses4 ,! ,virg9 kneels 9 ! mid/1 & adores h] ,infant1 :o has 8 f+] on 8 lip 7,v]bum sum672 an angel scatt]s rose-leaves ov] him1 :ile ! little ,/4 ,john also kneels1 & f\r angels1 9 attitudes ( adoration1 complete ! gr\p4 ,b a m p]fect example is ! ,madonna by ,francia 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 :]e ! div9e ,infant lies on ! fl[]y turf2 & ! "m1 /&+ be=e him & look+ d[n on him1 seems on ! po9t ( s9k+ on h] knees 9 a transport ( t5d]ness & devotion4 ,?is1 to my feel+1 is "o ( ! mo/ p]fect pictures 9 ! _w2 x leaves no?+ to be desir$4 ,) all ! simplicity ( ! treatm5t x is /rictly devotional4 ,! ,"m & h] ,*ild are plac$ )9 ! my/ical g>d5 enclos$ 9 a treillage ( roses1 alone ) ea* o!r1 & ap>t f all e>?ly associations1 all e>?ly communion4 ,! beautiful alt>-piece by ,p]ug9o 9 our ,national ,gall]y is prop]ly a ,madre ,pia2 ! *ild seat$ on a cu%ion is su/a9$ by an angel1 ! "m kneels be=e him4 ,! fam\s ,correggio 9 ! ,flor5t9e ,gall]y is also a ,madre ,pia4 ,x is v t5d]1 sweet1 & mat]nal4 ,! ,*ild ly+ on "p ( 8 "m's blue mantle1 s arrang$ t :ile %e kneels & b5ds ov] him1 %e _c *ange h] attitude )\t di/urb+ him1 is a concetto admir$ by critics 9 s5tim5t & ,art2 b x appe>s to me v inf]ior & commonplace 9 comp>ison to ! ,francia at ,muni*4 ,9 a gr\p by ,botticelli1 angels su/a9 ! ,infant1 :ile ! "m1 seat$1 ) fold$ h&s1 adores him3 & 9 a fav\rite composition by ,guido he sleeps4 ,&1 la/ly1 we h ! ,mat] ,amabilis 9 a m complex1 & picturesque1 ?\gh /ill devotional1 =m4 ,! ,virg91 se5 at full l5g?1 recl9es on a v]dant bank1 or is seat$ "u a tree4 ,%e is n alone ) h] ,*ild4 ,holy p]sonages1 admitt$ to a communion ) h]1 att5d ar\nd h]1 r sympa?iz+ ?an ador+4 ,! love ( v>i$ nature1 ! love ( life "u all its aspects1 became m+l$ ) ! religi\s conception4 ,in/ead ( c>efully avoid+ :atev] may rem9d u ( h] e>?ly relation%ip1 ! memb]s ( h] family always =m a "p ( h] cortge4 ,?is pa/oral & dramatic treatm5t began ) ! ,v5etian & ,paduan s*ools1 & ext5d$ to ! e>ly ,g]man s*ools1 :i* 7 alli$ to !m 9 feel+1 ?\gh contra/$ ) !m 9 =m & execution4 ,! p]petual introduction ( ,/4 ,joseph1 ,/4 ,elizabe?1 & o!r relatives ( ! ,virg9 7always avoid$ 9 a ,madonna dell ,trono71 w\ld compose :at is call$ a ,holy ,family1 b t ! pres5ce ( sa9t$ p]sonages ^: exi/5ce & hi/ory belong to a :olly diff]5t era--,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ,/4 ,george1 ,/4 ,francis1 or ,/4 ,dom9ick--takes ! composition out ( ! m]ely dome/ic & hi/orical1 & lifts x at once into ! ideal & devotional l9e ( art4 ,su* a gr\p _c well be /yl$ a ,sacra ,famiglia2 x is a ,sacra ,conv]sazione treat$ 9 ! pa/oral & lyrical r ?an ! l(ty epic /yle4 ,9 ?is subject ! ,v5etians1 :o fir/ introduc$ x1 excel all o!r pa9t]s4 ,!re is no example by ,raphael4 ,! ,g]man & ,flemi% pa9t]s :o adopt$ ?is treatm5t 7 (t5 co>se & famili>2 ! lat] ,italians became flippant & fanta/ic4 ,! ,v5etians alone knew h[ to comb9e ! true/ feel+ = nature ) a sort ( ,elysian grace4 ,i %all give a few examples4 #a4 ,9 a picture by ,titian 7,dresd5 ,gal471 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a gre5 bank enamell$ ) fl[]s4 ,%e is simply dress$ l a contad9a1 9 a crimson tunic1 & a :ite veil half %ad+ h] fair hair4 ,%e holds 9 h] arms h] lovely ,infant1 :o raises 8 little h& 9 b5$iction4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e kneels be=e him on "o side2 on ! o!r1 ,/4 ,b>b>a4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 n z a *ild1 & ! contempor>y ( our ,savi\r1 b 9 lik5ess ( an ,arcadian %eph]d1 kneels ) 8 cross & 8 lamb--! ,ecce ,agnus ,dei1 express$1 n 9 words1 b 9 =m4 ,/4 ,george /&s by z a gu>dian w>rior4 ,& ,/4 ,joseph1 lean+ on 8 /ick beh9d1 contemplates ! gr\p ) an air ( dignifi$ complac5cy4 #b4 ,!re is ano!r in/ance also f ,titian4 ,9 a mo/ luxuriant l&scape ?ick ) emb[]+ trees1 & ! m\nta9s ( ,cadore 9 ! backgr\nd1 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on a v]dant bank2 ,/4 ,ca!r9e has ?r[n h]self on h] knees1 & /ret*es out h] arms to ! div9e ,*ild 9 an ec/asy ( adoration1 9 :i* !re is no?+ unseemly or famili>4 ,at a di/ance ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ approa*es ) 8 ,lamb4 #c4 ,9 ano!r v simil> gr\p1 ! action ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e is r too famili>1--x is t ( an eid] si/] or a nurse3 ! "y ,/4 ,john kneels 9 wor%ip4 #d4 ,wond]fully f9e is a picture ( ?is class by ,palma1 n[ 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y4 ,! noble1 s]i\s1 sumptu\s lovel9ess ( ! ,virg92 ! exquisite ,*ild1 s ?\ghtful1 yet s infant9e2 ! manly beauty ( ! ,/4 ,john2 ! *>m+ humility ( ! ,/4 ,ca!r9e z %e pres5ts h] palm1 =m "o ( ! mo/ p]fect gr\ps 9 ! _w4 ,*ildhood1 mo!rhood1 maid5hood1 manhood1 7 nev]1 ,i ?9k1 comb9$ 9 s sweet a _s ( humanity4#a ,footnote #a3 ,:5 ,i 0 at ,dresd51 9 #ahfj1 ,i f\nd ,/e9le1 s celebrat$ = 8 engrav+s ( ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o & ! ,holbe9 ,madonna1 employ$ on ?is picture2 &1 z f> z 8 art c\ld g1 transf]r+ to 8 copp] all ! f]v\r & ! morbidezza ( ! orig9al4 #e4 ,9 ano!r picture by ,palma1 9 ! same gall]y1 we h ! same picturesque arrangem5t ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 :ile ! little ,/4 ,john adores ) fold$ h&s1 & ,/4 ,ca!r9e sits by 9 t5d] contemplation4 ,?is ,arcadian s5tim5t is c>ri$ z f> z c\ld well be all[$ 9 a picture by ,titian 7,l\vre1 #dei71 kn[n z ! ,vi]ge au ,lap94 ,! ,virg9 holds a :ite rabbit1 t[>ds :i* ! infant ,*ri/1 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 eag]ly /ret*es 8 h&4 ,9 a picture by ,p>is ,bordone x is c>ri$1 ,i ?9k1 too f>4 ,! ,virg9 recl9es "u a tree ) a book 9 h] h&2 opposite to h] sits ,/4 ,joseph hold+ an apple2 betwe5 !m1 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 z a be>d$ man1 holds 9 8 arms ! infant ,*ri/1 :o c>ess+ly puts "o arm r\nd 8 neck1 & ) ! o!r cl+s to ! r\gh hairy raim5t ( 8 fri5d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x w be obs]v$1 t 9 ^! ,v5etian examples ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ! belov$ protectress ( ,v5ice1 is seldom omitt$4 ,%e is n "h ! le>n$ pr9cess :o conf\nd$ tyrants & conv]t$ philosoph]s1 b a bright-hair$1 full-=m$ ,v5etian maid51 gl[+ ) love & life1 yet t\*$ ) a s]i\s grace1 inexpressibly *>m+4 ,/4 ,doro!a is also a fav\rite sa9t 9 ^! sacr$ pa/orals4 ,!re is an in/ance 9 :i* %e is seat$ by ! ,virg9 ) h] basket ( fruits & fl[]s2 & ,/4 ,j]ome1 no long] beat+ 8 brea/ 9 p5ance1 b 9 lik5ess ( a fond old gr&fa!r1 /ret*es out 8 arms to ! ,*ild4 ,mu* f9] is a picture n[ 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,*>les ,ea/lake4 ,! lovely ,virg9 is seat$ "u a tree3 on "o side appe>s ! angel ,raphael1 pres5t+ ,tobit2 on ! o!r1 ,/4 ,doro!a1 kneel+1 holds up h] basket ( cele/ial fruit1 ga!r$ = h] 9 p>adise4#a ,footnote #a3 ,see ,sacr$ & leg5d>y ,art1 = ! beautiful ,leg5d ( ,/4 ,doro!a ,:5 ,/4 ,ursula1 ) h] /&>d1 appe>s 9 ^! ,v5etian pa/orals1 we may suppose ! picture to h be5 pa9t$ = ! fam\s bro!rhood 7,scuola di ,sant' ,orsola7 :i* be>s h] "n4 ,?us1 9 a *>m+ picture by ,palma1 %e appe>s be=e ! ,virg91 accompani$ by ,/4 ,m>k a protector ( ,v5ice4 7,vi5na1 ,belv$]e ,gal47 ,ex-voto pictures 9 ?is /yle are v int]e/+1 & ! vot>y1 )\t any /rik+ impropriety1 makes "o ( ! ,arcadian gr\p4 ,v appropriate1 too1 is ! m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 (t5 treat$ 9 ?is poetical /yle4 ,9 a picture by ,titian1 ! family ( ! ,virg9 att5d ! my/ical rite1 & ,/4 ,anna places ! h& ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e 9 t ( ! ,*ild4 ,9 a gr\p by ,signorelli1 ,*ri/ appe>s z if tea*+ ,/4 ,ca!r9e2 he dictates1 & %e1 ! patroness ( div9e philosophy1 writes d[n 8 words4 ,:5 ! lat] pa9t]s 9 _! great alt>-pieces imitat$ ?is idyllic treatm5t1 ! graceful ,v5etian conception became 9 _! h&s heavy1 mann]$1 ta/eless1--& sometimes worse4 ,! mona/ic sa9ts or mitr$ dignit>ies1 introduc$ into famili> & irrev]5t communion ) ! sacr$ & ideal p]sonages1 9 spite ( ! gr& sc5]y1 /rike u z at once prosaic & fanta/ic we m>vel h[ !y got !re4 ,p>migiano1 :5 he fl$ f ! sack ( ,rome 9 #aebg1 pa9t$ at ,bologna1 = ! nuns ( ,santa ,m>gh]ita1 an alt>-piece :i* has be5 greatly celebrat$4 ,! ,madonna1 hold+ h] ,*ild1 is seat$ 9 a l&scape "u a tree1 & turns h] head to ! ,bi%op ,/4 ,petronius1 protector ( ,bologna4 ,/4 ,m>g>et1 kneel+ & att5d$ by h] great dragon1 places "o h&1 ) a free & easy air1 on ! knee ( ! ,virg91 & ) ! o!r seems to be ab\t to *uck ! infant ,*ri/ "u ! *94 ,9 a l>ge picture by ,giacomo ,francia1 ! ,virg91 walk+ 9 a fl[]y mead[ ) ! infant ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,john1 & att5d$ by ,/4 ,agnes & ,m>y ,magdal5e1 meets ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,dom9ick1 also1 app>5tly1 tak+ a walk4 7,b]l9 ,gal4 ,no4 #bha47 ,& aga92--! ,madonna & ,/4 ,elizabe? meet ) _! *ildr5 9 a l&scape1 :ile ,/4 ,pet]1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,/4 ,b5$ict /& beh9d 9 attitudes ( att5tion & admiration4 ,n[1 su* pictures may be excell5tly well pa9t$1 greatly prais$ by connoisseurs1 & held 9 somma v5]azione1 b !y are (f5sive z reg>ds ! religi\s feel+1 &1 are1 9 po9t ( ta/e1 mann]$1 fanta/ic1 & secul>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h we mu/ end our disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild z a devotional subject4 ,v easily & delightfully to ! writ]1 p]haps n pa9fully to ! read]1 we might h gone on to ! end ( ! volume2 b my object 0 n to exhau/ ! subject1 to po9t out e int]e/+ v>iety ( treatm5t1 b to lead ! lov] ( art1 w&]+ ?r\gh a *ur* or gall]y1 to new s\rces ( pleasure2 to %[ him :at inf9ite %ades ( feel+ & "* may /ill be trac$ 9 a subject :i*1 ) all its beauty & attractiv5ess1 might seem to h lo/ its significant int]e/1 & become trite f endless repetition2 to lead ! m9d to "s p]ception ( ! int5tion ( ! arti/ 9 8 "w1--"u :at aspect he _h himself contemplat$ & plac$ be=e ! wor%ipp] ! image ( ! "m ( ,*ri/1--:e!r cr[n$ & en?ron$ z ! sov]eign lady ( ,*ri/5dom2 or exalt$ z ! glori\s empress ( heav5 & all ! spiritual _w2 or b5d+ b5ignly ov] u1 ! imp]sonation ( sympa?iz+ womanhood1 ! emblem ( rel5t+ love1 ! solace ( suff]+ humanity1 ! maid & "m1 de> & undefil$-- ,creat$ be+s all 9 l[l9ess ,surpass+1 z 9 height above !m all4 ,x is "t to *ange ! sc5e1--to contemplate ! ,virg91 z %e has be5 exhibit$ to u 9 ! relations ( e>?ly life1 z ! m]e woman1 act+ & suff]+1 lov+1 liv+1 dy+1 fulfill+ ! highe/ de/9ies 9 ! humble/ /ate1 9 ! meeke/ _s4 ,s we beg9 h] hi/ory z ! anci5t arti/s h plac$ x be=e u1 ) t m+l$ navet & rev]5ce1 t vivid dramatic p[]1 :i* only fai?1 & love1 & g5ius unit$1 c\ld imp>t4 ,,hi/orical ,,subjects ,,"p ,i4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,,f ,,h] ,,bir? ,,to ,,h] ,,m>riage ,,) ,,joseph4 #a4 ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,joa*im ,,& ,,anna4 #b4 ,,! ,,nativity ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg94 #c4 ,,! ,,d$ication ,,9 ,,! ,,temple4 #d4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,) ,,joseph4 ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,joa*im ,,& ,,anna4 ,ital4 ,la ,legg5da di ,sant' ,anna ,madre della ,gloriosa ,v]g9e ,m>ia1 e di ,san ,gioac*9o4 ,( ! s\rces :5ce are d]iv$ ! popul> leg5ds ( ! life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :i*1 mix$ up ) ! few notices 9 ,scripture1 =m$ "o cont9u\s n>rative1 au?oriz$ by ! prie/hood1 & accept$ & believ$ 9 by ! p1 ,i h spok5 at l5g? 9 ! ,introduction4 ,we h n[ to consid] m p>ticul>ly ! sc5es & *>act]s associat$ ) h] hi/ory2 to %[ h[ ! arti/s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 "u ! guidance & by ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 treat$ 9 detail ^! fav\rite !mes 9 ecclesia/ical decoration4 ,9 e>ly art1 t is1 up to ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,joa*im & ,anna1 ! p>5ts ( ! ,virg91 nev] appe> except 9 ! s]ies ( subjects f h] life4 ,9 ! devotional gr\ps & alt>-pieces1 !y are omitt$4 ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ! great !ological au?ority ( ^? times1 objects to ! invocation ( any sa9ts :o _h liv$ be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 consequ5tly to _! introduction into ecclesia/ical edifices 9 any o!r light ?an z hi/orical p]sonages4 ,h5ce1 p]haps1 !re 7 scruples relative to ! repres5tations ( ,/4 ,anna1 :i*1 f ! ?irte5? to ! fifte5? c5tury1 plac$ ! arti/s "u c]ta9 re/rictions4 ,"u ! "n ( ,anna1 ! ,*ur* has hon\r$1 f remote times1 ! memory ( ! "m ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,hebrew "n1 signify+ ,grace1 or ! ,graci\s1 & all ! traditions conc]n+ h]1 came to u f ! ,ea/1 :]e %e 0 s e>ly v5]at$ z a sa9t1 t a *ur* 0 d$icat$ to h] by ! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 9 #eej4 ,sev]al o!r *ur*es 7 subsequ5tly d$icat$ to h] 9 ,con/ant9ople dur+ ! six? & sev5? c5turies1 & h] rema9s are said to h be5 deposit$ !re 9 #gaj4 ,9 ! ,we/1 %e fir/ became kn[n 9 ! reign ( ,*>lemagne2 & ! ,greek apocryphal gospels1 or at lea/ /ories & extracts f !m1 began to be circulat$ ab\t ! same p]iod4 ,f ^! are d]iv$ ! hi/oric sc5es & leg5d>y subjects relat+ to ,joa*im & ,anna :i* appe> 9 e>ly art4 ,x 0 ab\t #aejj1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 t ! increas+ v5]ation = ! ,virg9 ,m>y gave to h] p>5ts1 m especially to ,/4 ,anna1 increas$ celebrity z patron sa9ts2 & !y became1 !nce=w>d1 m frequ5t *>act]s 9 ! sacr$ gr\ps4 ,! fea/ ( ,/4 ,anna 0 already g5]al & popul> ?r\gh\t ,europe long be=e x 0 r5d]$ obligatory 9 #aehd4a ,! gr[+ en?usiasm = ! doctr9e ( ! ,immaculate ,conception gave1 ( c\rse1 additional spl5d\r & importance to h] "*4 ,/ill1 x is only 9 lat] times t we f9d ! effigy ( ,/4 ,anna sep>at$ f t ( ! ,virg94 ,!re is a curi\s picture by ,cesi 7,bologna ,gal471 9 :i* ,/4 ,anna kneels be=e a vision ( h] daught] be=e %e is born--! ,virg9 ( ! ,immaculate ,conception4 ,a f9e model ( a be>d$ man 0 n[ sometimes conv]t$ into a ,/4 ,joa*im read+ or m$itat+1 in/ead ( a ,/4 ,pet] or a ,/4 ,j]ome1 z h]et(ore4 ,9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y are two f9e anci5t-look+ figures ( ,/4 ,joa*im ! fa!r1 & ,/4 ,joseph ! husb&1 ( ! ,virg91 /&+ toge!r2 b all ^! z sep>ate repres5tations1 are v uncommon2 &1 ( ^? :i* exhibit ,/4 ,anna devotionally1 z en?ron$ ) ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ,i h already spok54 ,l ,/4 ,elizabe?1 %e %\ld be an eld]ly1 b n a v old woman4 ,joa*im1 9 su* pictures1 nev] appe>s b z an att5dant sa9t1 & !n v r>ely2 always v old1 & sometimes 9 ! dress ( a prie/1 :i* h[ev]1 is a mi/ake on ! "p ( ! arti/4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ,engl& we h tw5ty-eight *ur*es d$icat$ 9 ! "n ( ,/4 ,anna4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a complete s]ies ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 z imag$ =? by ! e>ly arti/s1 always beg9s ) ! leg5d ( ,joa*im & ,anna1 :i* is ?us relat$4 ,!re 0 a man ( ,naz>e?1 ^: "n 0 ,joa*im1 & he _h = 8 wife a woman ( ,be?lehem1 ^: "n 0 ,anna1 & bo? 7 ( ! royal race ( ,david4 ,_! lives 7 pure & righte\s1 & !y s]v$ ! ,"l ) s+l5ess ( he>t4 ,& be+ ri*1 !y divid$ _! sub/ance into ?ree portions1 "o = ! s]vice ( ! temple1 "o = ! poor & ! /rang]s1 & ! ?ird = _! h\sehold4 ,on a c]ta9 fea/ day1 ,joa*im br\ght d\ble (f]+s to ! ,"l accord+ to 8 cu/om1 = he said1 ',out ( my sup]fluity w ,i give = ! :ole p1 t ,i may f9d fav\r 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 & =giv5ess = my s9s4' ,& :5 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel br\ght _! gifts1 ,joa*im also br\ght 82 b ! high prie/ ,issa*> /ood ov] aga9/ him & oppos$ him1 say+1 ',x is n lawful = !e to br+ ?9e (f]+1 see+ t ?\ ha/ n begot issue 9 ,israel4' ,& ,joa*im 0 exce$+ sorr[ful1 & w5t d[n to 8 h\se2 & he se>*$ ?r\gh all ! regi/]s ( ! twelve tribes to discov] if he alone _h be5 *ildless 9 ,israel4 ,& he f\nd t all ! righte\s m51 & ! patri>*s :o _h liv$ be=e him1 _h be5 ! fa!rs ( sons & daught]s4 ,& he call$ to m9d 8 fa!r ,abraham1 to :om 9 8 old age _h be5 grant$ a son1 ev5 ,isaac4 ,& ,joa*im 0 m & m sorr[ful2 & he w\ld n be se5 by 8 wife1 b avoid$ h]1 & w5t away into ! pa/ures :]e 7 ! %eph]ds & ! %eep-cotes4 ,& he built himself a hut1 & fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights2 = he said ',until ! ,"l ,god look ^u me m]cifully1 pray] %all be my meat & my dr9k4' ,b 8 wife ,anna rema9$ lonely 9 h] h\se1 & m\rn$ ) a tw(old sorr[1 = h] wid[hood & = h] b>r5ness4 ,!n drew ne> ! la/ day ( ! fea/ ( ! ,"l2 & ,judi? h] h&maid said to ,anna1 ',h[ long wilt ?\ ?us afflict ?y s\l8 ,behold ! fea/ ( ! ,"l is come1 & x is n lawful = !e ?us to m\rn4 ,take ?is silk5 fillet1 :i* 0 be/[$ on me by "o ( high degree :om ,i =m]ly s]v$1 & b9d x r\nd ?y head1 = x is n fit t ,i :o am ?y h&maid %\ld we> x1 b x is fitt+ = !e1 ^: br[ is z ! br[ ( a cr[n$ que54' ,& ,anna repli$1 ',begone6 su* ?+s are n = me1 = ! ,"l ha? humbl$ me4 ,z = ?is fillet1 "s wick$ p]son ha? giv5 x to !e2 & art ?\ come to make me a p>tak] 9 ?y s98' ,& ,judi? h] maid answ]$1 ',:at evil %all ,i wi% !e s9ce ?\ wilt n he>k5 to my voice8 = worse ,i _c wi% !e ?an t ) :i* ! ,"l ha? afflict$ !e1 see+ t he ha? %ut up ?y womb1 t ?\ %\ld/ n be a "m 9 ,israel4' ,& ,anna he>+ ^! words 0 sorely tr\bl$4 ,& %e laid aside h] m\rn+ g>m5ts1 & %e adorn$ h] head1 & put on h] bridal attire2 & at ! n9? h\r %e w5t =? into h] g>d51 & sat d[n "u a laurel tree & pray$ e>ne/ly4 ,& look+ up to heav51 %e saw )9 ! laurel bu% a sp>r['s ne/2 & m\rn+ )9 h]self %e said1 ',alas6 & woe is me6 :o ha? begott5 me8 :o ha? br\ght me =?8 t ,i %\ld be accurs$ 9 ! sight ( ,israel1 & scorn$ & %am$ be=e my p1 & ca/ out ( ! temple ( ! ,"l6 ,woe is me6 to :at %all ,i be lik5$8 ,i _c be lik5$ to ! f[ls ( heav51 = ! f[ls ( heav5 are fruitful 9 ?y sight1 ,o ,"l6 ,woe is me6 to :at %all ,i be lik5$8 ,n to ! unreason+ bea/s ( ! e>?1 = !y are fruitful 9 ?y sight1 ,o ,"l6 ,woe is me6 to :at %all ,i be lik5$8 ,n to ^! wat]s1 = !y are fruitful 9 ?y sight1 ,o ,"l6 ,woe is me6 to :at %all ,i be lik5$8 ,n unto ! e>?1 = ! e>? br+e? =? h] fruit 9 due season1 & praise? !e1 ,o ,"l6' ,& behold an angel ( ! ,"l /ood by h] & said1 ',anna1 ?y pray] is he>d1 ?\ %alt br+ =?1 & ?y *ild %all be bless$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w4' ,& ,anna said1 ',z ! ,"l live?1 :atev] ,i %all br+ =?1 be x a man-*ild or a maid1 ,i w pres5t x an (f]+ to ! ,"l4' ,& behold ano!r angel came & said to h]1 ',see1 ?y husb& ,joa*im is com+ ) 8 %eph]ds2' = an angel _h spok5 to him also1 & _h com=t$ him ) promises4 ,& ,anna w5t =? to meet h] husb&1 & ,joa*im came f ! pa/ure ) 8 h]ds1 & !y met at ! gold5 gate2 & ,anna ran & embrac$ h] husb&1 & hung ^u 8 neck1 say+1 ',n[ "k ,i t ! ,"l ha? bless$ me4 ,i :o 0 a wid[ am no long] a wid[2 ,i :o 0 b>r5 %all become a joyful "m4' ,& !y return$ home toge!r4 ,& :5 h] "t 0 come1 ,anna br\ght =? a daught]2 & %e said1 ',?is day my s\l magnifie? ! ,"l4' ,& %e laid h]self d[n 9 h] b$2 & %e call$1 ! "n ( h] *ild ,m>y1 :i* 9 ! ,hebrew is ,miriam4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) ! sc5es ( ?is beautiful pa/oral beg9s ! life ( ! ,virg94 #a4 ,we h fir/ ,joa*im reject$ f ! temple4 ,he /&s on ! /eps be=e ! alt> hold+ a lamb2 & ! high prie/ opposite to him1 ) arm uprais$1 appe>s to refuse 8 (f]+4 ,su* is ! usual motif2 b ! incid5t has be5 v>i\sly treat$--9 ! e>li] & rud] examples1 ) a ludicr\s want ( dignity2 = ,joa*im is almo/ tumbl+ d[n ! /eps ( ! temple to avoid ! box on ! e> :i* ,issa*> ! prie/ is 9 ! act ( be/[+ 9 a mo/ en]getic fa%ion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! gr\p by ,taddeo ,gaddi 7,flor5ce1 ,b>oncelli ,*apel1 ,s4 ,croce71 ?\gh s e>ly 9 date1 has n s9ce be5 excell$ ei!r 9 ! grace or ! dramatic significance ( ! treatm5t4 ,joa*im turns away1 ) 8 lamb 9 8 arms1 repuls$1 b g5tly1 by ! prie/4 ,to ! "r are ?ree p]sonages :o br+ (f]+s1 "o ( :om1 pro/rate on 8 knees1 yet looks up at ,joa*im ) a sne]+ expression--a f9e repres5tation ( ! ph>isaical piety ( "o ( ! elect1 rejoic+ 9 ! humiliation ( a bro!r4 ,on ! o!r side are ?ree p]sons :o appe> to be comm5t+ on ! sc5e4 ,9 ! m elaborate composition by ,ghirl&ajo 7,flor5ce1 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella71 !re is a gr& view into ! int]ior ( ! temple1 ) ar*es ri*ly sculptur$4 ,joa*im is ?ru/ =? by "o ( ! att5dants1 :ile 9 ! backgr\nd ! high prie/ accepts ! (f]+ ( a m fav\r$ vot>y4 ,on ea* side are gr\ps look+ on1 :o express ! contempt & hatr$ !y feel = "o1 :o1 n hav+ *ildr51 presumes to approa* ! alt>4 ,all ^!1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ,ghirl&ajo1 are portraits ( di/+ui%$ p]sons4 ,! fir/ figure on ! "r repres5ts ! pa9t] ,baldov9etti2 next to him1 ) 8 h& on 8 side1 ,ghirl&ajo himself2 ! ?ird1 ) long black hair1 is ,ba/iano ,ma9>di1 :o pa9t$ ! ,assumption 9 ! ,b>oncelli ,*apel1 9 ! ,santa ,croce2 & ! f\r?1 turn+ 8 back1 is ,david ,ghirl&ajo4 ,^! real p]sonages are s manag$1 t1 :ile !y are n !mselves actors1 !y d n int]f]e ) ! ma9 action1 b r embelli% & illu/rate x1 l ! *orus 9 a ,greek trag$y4 ,e s+le figure 9 ?is f9e fresco is a /udy = manly "*1 dignifi$ attitude1 & easy gr& drap]y4 ,9 ! same sc5e by ,alb]t ,dur]1#a ! high prie/1 /&+ beh9d a table1 rejects ! (f]+ ( ! lamb1 & 8 att5dant pu%es away ! doves4 ,joa*im makes a ge/ure ( despair1 & sev]al p]sons :o br+ (f]+s look at him ) disda9 or ) sympa?y4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! set ( wood-cuts ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg94 ,! same sc5e by ,lu9i 7,milan1 ,br]a7 is conceiv$ ) mu* pa!tic z well z dramatic effect4 ,b z ,i h said en\gh to read] ! subject easily recogniz$1 we proce$4 99 99 99 99 99 #b4 ,joa*im h]d+ 8 %eep on ! m\nta91 & surr\nd$ by 8 %eph]ds1 receives ! message ( ! angel4 ,?is subject may s ne>ly resemble ! ,annunciation to ! ,%eph]ds 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel1 t we mu/ be c>eful to di/+ui% !m1 z1 inde$1 ! be/ ( ! old pa9t]s h done ) great ta/e & feel+4 ,is ! fresco by ,taddeo ,gaddi 79 ! ,b>oncelli ,*apel71 ,joa*im is seat$ on a rocky m\nta91 at ! base ( :i* 8 %eep are fe$+1 & turns r\nd to li/5 to ! voice ( ! angel4 ,9 ! fresco by ,giotto 9 ! ,ar5a at ,padua1 ! treatm5t is ne>ly ! same4#a ,9 ! s]ies by ,lu9i1 a /ream runs d[n ! c5tre ( ! picture3 on "o side is ,joa*im li/5+ to ! angel1 on ! o!r1 ,anna is walk+ 9 h] g>d54 ,?is incid5t is omitt$ by ,ghirl&ajo4 ,9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s composition1 ,joa*im is se5 9 ! =egr\nd kneel+1 & look+ up at an angel1 :o holds out 9 bo? h&s a sort ( p>*m5t roll look+ l a diploma ) seals app5d$1 & :i* we may suppose to conta9 ! message f on high 7if x be n r ! emblem ( ! seal$ book1 s (t5 introduc$1 p>ticul>ly by ! ,g]man ma/]s74 ,a companion ( ,joa*im also looks up ) amazem5t1 & f>!r 9 ! di/ance are %eep & %eph]ds4 ,footnote #a3 ,! subject w be f\nd 9 ! set ( wood-cuts publi%$ by ! ,arundel ,society4 ,! ,annunciation to ,/4 ,anna may be easily mi/ak5 = ! ,annunciation to ! ,virg9 ,m>y2--we mu/ !re=e be c>eful to discrim9ate1 by an att5tion to ! accessories4 ,didron obs]ves t 9 ,we/]n art ! annunciation to ,/4 ,anna usually takes place 9 a *amb]4 ,9 ! ,ea/ x takes place 9 a g>d51 because !re on vit feu dans les maisons et beauc\p en ple9 air2 b1 accord+ to ! leg5d1 ! locality ought to be a g>d51 & "u a laurel tree1 :i* is n always att5d$ to4 #c4 ,! alt]cation betwe5 ,/4 ,anna & h] maid ,judi? ,i h nev] met ) b once1 9 ! s]ies by ,lu9i1 :]e ! disconsolate figure & expression ( ,/4 ,anna are giv5 ) inf9ite grace & s5tim5t4 7,milan1 ,br]a47 99 99 99 99 99 #d4 ,! meet+ ( ,joa*im & ,anna be=e ! gold5 gate4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important subjects4 ,x has be5 treat$ by ! v e>ly arti/s ) mu* navet1 & 9 ! lat] examples ) inf9ite beauty & s5tim5t2 &1 :i* is curi\s1 x has be5 idealiz$ into a devotional subject1 & treat$ ap>t4 ,! action is 9 itself extremely simple4 ,! husb& & wife affectionately & joyfully embrace ea* o!r4 ,9 ! backgr\nd is se5 a gate1 ri*ly ornam5t$4 ,gr\ps ( spectators & att5dants are sometimes1 n always1 introduc$4 ,9 ! composition ( ,alb]t ,dur] no?+ c be m homely1 he>ty1 & conjugal4 ,a burly fat man1 :o looks on ) a sort ( wond]+ amusem5t 9 8 face1 appe>s to be a true & animat$ transcript f nature1 z true z ,ghirl&ajo's att5dant figures--b h[ diff]5t6 :at a contra/ betwe5 ! ,flor5t9e citiz5 & ! ,g]man burgh]6 ,9 ! simpl] composition by ,taddeo ,gaddi1 ,/4 ,anna is att5d$ by ?ree wom51 among :om ! maid ,judi? is conspicu\s1 & beh9d ,joa*im is "o ( 8 %eph]ds#a4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 two comp>tm5ts ( a small alt>-piece 7:i* probably repres5t$ 9 ! c5tre ! ,nativity ( ! ,virg971 ,i f\nd on "o side ! /ory ( ,/4 ,joa*im1 on ! o!r ! /ory ( ,/4 ,anna4--,collection ( ,"l ,nor?wick1 ,no4 #eac1 9 8 ,catalogue4 ,! ,franciscans1 ^? en?usia/ic def5d]s ( ! ,immaculate ,conception1 7 ! au?ors ( a fanta/ic idea1 t ! bir? ( ! ,virg9 0 n only immaculate1 b altoge!r miracul\s1 & t %e ow$ h] be+ to ! joyful kiss :i* ,joa*im gave 8 wife :5 !y met at ! gate4 ,( c\rse ! ,*ur* gave no c\nt5ance to ?is /range poetical fiction1 b x c]ta9ly modifi$ "s ( ! repres5tations2 = example1 !re is a picture by ,vittore ,c>paccio1 :]e9 ,/4 ,joa*im & ,anna t5d]ly embrace4 ,on "o side /&s ,/4 ,l\is ( ,t\l\se z bi%op2 on ! o!r ,/4 ,ursula ) h] /&>d1 ^: pres5ce turns ! incid5t into a religi\s my/]y4 ,9 ano!r picture1 pa9t$ by ,ridolfo ,ghirl&ajo1 we h a /ill m s+ul> & altoge!r my/ical treatm5t4 ,9 ! c5tre ,/4 ,joa*im & ,/4 ,anna embrace2 beh9d ,/4 ,joa*im /&s ,/4 ,joseph ) 8 lily w& & a book2 beh9d ,/4 ,anna1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y 7?us repres5t$ z exi/+ be=e %e 0 born#a71 & beyond h] ,/4 ,laur5ce2 9 ! corn] is se5 ! head ( ! vot>y1 a ,s]vite monk2 above all1 ! ,padre ,et]no holds an op5 book ) ! ,alpha & ,omega4 ,?is s+ul> picture 0 d$icat$ & plac$ ov] ! high alt> ( ! ,conception 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,s]vi1 :o1 "u ! title ( ,s]viti di ,m>ia1 7 d$icat$ to ! especial s]vice ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 7v4 ,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s47 ,footnote #a3 ,prov4 viii #bb1 #bc4 ,^! texts are appli$ to ! ,madonna4 ,,! ,,nativity ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,virg94 ,ital4 ,la ,nascit della ,b4 ,v]g9e4 ,fr4 ,la ,naissance de la ,s4 ,vi]ge4 ,g]4 ,die ,geburt ,m>ia4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a v important subject4 ,x is sometimes treat$ ap>t z a sep>ate sc5e2 & a s]ies ( pictures d$icat$ to ! hon\r ( ! ,virg91 & compris+ only a few ( ! mo/ ev5tful sc5es 9 h] hi/ory1 g5]ally beg9s ) h] ,nativity4 ,! primitive treatm5t is ,greek1 &1 ?\gh v>i$ 9 ! details & ! s5tim5t1 x has nev] deviat$ mu* f ! orig9al motif4 ,/4 ,anna recl9es on a c\* cov]$ ) drap]y1 & a pill[ "u h] head2 two h&maids su/a9 h]2 a ?ird fans h]1 or pres5ts refre%m5ts2 m 9 front a gr\p ( wom5 are busi$ ab\t ! new-born *ild4 ,x has be5 ! cu/om1 ,i "k n on :at au?ority1 to introduce neighb\rs & fri5ds1 :o come to congratulate ! p>5ts4 ,! :ole sc5e ?us treat$ is sure to come home to ! bosom ( ! obs]v]4 ,! mo/ important ev5t 9 ! life ( a woman1 h] mo/ common & yet mo/ awful exp]i5ce1 is "h s treat$ z to be at once ennobl$ by its significance & ende>$ by its ?or\ghly dome/ic "*4 ,i w give "s examples4 #a4 ,! fir/ is by an unkn[n ma/] ( ! ,greco-,italian s*ool1 & ref]r$ by d',ag9c\rt to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b x is evid5tly lat]1 & q 9 ! /yle ( ! ,gaddi4 #b4 ,!re is bo? dignity & simplicity 9 ! fresco by ,taddeo ,gaddi4 7,flor5ce1 ,b>oncelli ,*apel47 ,/4 ,anna is sitt+ up 9 b$2 an att5dant p\rs wat] ov] h] h&s4 ,9 front1 two wom5 are affectionately occupi$ ) ! *ild a lovely infant ) a glory r\nd its head4 ,?ree o!r att5dants are at ! foot ( ! b$4 #c4 ,we h next 9 date1 ! elegant composition by ,ghirl&ajo4 ,z ,joa*im & ,anna 7 exce$+ly ri*1 he has surr\nd$ !m ) all ! luxuries ( life4 ,! sc5e is a *amb] ri*ly decorat$2 a frieze ( angelic boys ornam5ts ! alcove2 ,/4 ,anna lies on a c\*4 ,vas>i says c]ta9 wom5 are m9i/]+ to h]4 b 9 ,las9io's engrav+ !y are n to be f\nd4 ,9 front a female att5dant p\rs wat] into a vase2 two o!rs seat$ hold ! infant4 ,a noble lady1 habit$ 9 ! elegant ,flor5t9e co/ume ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ent]s ) f\r o!rs--all portraits1 &1 z is usual ) ,ghirl&ajo1 look+ on )\t tak+ any "p 9 ! action4 ,! lady 9 front is traditionally said to be ,g9evra ,b5ci1 celebrat$ = h] beauty4 #d4 ,! composition by ,alb]t ,dur]#a gives u an exact transcript ( antique ,g]man life1 q wond]ful = ! homely tru? ( ! del9eation1 b equally )\t ! simplicity ( a scriptural or ! dignity ( an hi/orical sc5e4 ,9 an old-fa%ion$ ,g]man *amb] lies ,/4 ,anna 9 an old-fa%ion$ canopi$ b$/ead4 ,two wom5 br+ h] a s\p & some?+ to dr9k1 :ile ! midwife1 tir$ ) h] ex]tions1 leans h] head on ! b$side & has sank to sleep4 ,a cr[d ( wom5 fill up ! =egr\nd1 "o ( :om att5ds to ! new-born *ild3 o!rs1 :o appe> to h wat*$ ?r\gh ! night1 z we may suppose f ! ne>ly ext+ui%$ c&les1 are int5t on good *e]2 !y congratulate ea* o!r2 !y eat1 dr9k1 & repose !mselves4 ,x w\ld be m]ely a sc5e ( ,g]man commrage1 full ( nature & reality1 if an angel hov]+ above1 & sw++ a c5s]1 did n rem9d u ( ! sacr$ importance ( ! incid5t repres5t$4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! set ( wood-cuts ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 #e4 ,9 ! /ronge/ possible contra/ to ! homely b animat$ conception ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 is ! gr& fresco by ,&rea del ,s>to1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,nunziata at ,flor5ce4 ,! incid5ts are ne>ly ! same3 we h ,/4 ,anna recl9+ 9 h] b$ & att5d$ by h] wom52 ! nurses wait+ on ! lovely new-born *ild2 ! visitors :o ent] to congratulate2 b all1 d[n to ! h&maid5s :o br+ refre%m5ts1 are noble & dignifi$1 & drap$ 9 t magnific5t ta/e :i* di/+ui%$ ,&rea1 ,angels scatt] fl[]s f above &1 :i* is v uncommon1 ,joa*im is se51 aft] ! anxi\s night repos+ on a c\*4 ,no?+ 9 fresco c exce$ ! h>mony & brilliancy ( ! col\r+1 & ! s(tness ( ! execution4 ,x appe>$ to me a ma/]piece z a picture4 ,l ,ghirl&ajo1 ,&rea has introduc$ portraits2 & 9 ! ,flor5t9e lady :o /&s 9 ! =egr\nd we recognize ! features ( 8 wor?less wife ,lucrezia1 ! orig9al model ( s _m ( 8 female figures t ! ignoble beauty ( h] face has become q famili>4 ,,! ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,ital4 ,la ,pres5tazione1 ove no/ra ,signora piccioletta sale i gradi del ,tempio4 ,g]4 ,joa*im und ,anna weih5 ihre ,to*t] ,m>ia im ,tempel4 ,die ,vor/ellung d] ,jungfrau im ,tempel4 ,nov4 #ba4 ,9 ! int]val betwe5 ! bir? ( ,m>y & h] consecration 9 ! temple1 !re is no incid5t :i* ,i c rememb] z be+ important or popul> z a subject ( art4 ,x is record$ ) :at t5d]ness h] "m ,anna wat*$ ov] h]1 h[ %e made ( h] b$*amb] a holy place1 all[+ no?+ t 0 common or unclean to ent] 92 & call$ to h] c]ta9 daught]s ( ,israel1 pure & g5tle1 :om %e appo9t$ to att5d on h]4 ,9 "s ( ! e>ly m9iature illu/rations ( ! ,(fices ( ! ,virg91 ,/4 ,anna ?us m9i/]s to h] *ild2 = in/ance1 9 a beautiful ,greek ,,ms4 9 ! ,vatican1 %e is t5d]ly putt+ h] into a little b$ or cradle & cov]+ h] up4 7,x is engrav$ 9 d',ag9c\rt47 ,x is n said any:]e t ,/4 ,anna in/ruct$ h] daught]4 ,x has ev5 be5 reg>d$ z unor?odox to suppose t ! ,virg91 enri*$ f h] bir?1 & be=e h] bir?1 ) all ! gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 requir$ in/ruction f any "o4 ,nev]!less1 ! subject ( ! ,education ( ! ,virg9 has be5 (t5 repres5t$ 9 lat] times4 ,!re is a beautiful example by ,murillo2 :ile ,anna tea*es h] *ild to read1 angels hov] ov] !m ) wrea?s ( roses4 7,madrid ,gal47 ,ano!r by ,rub5s1 9 :i*1 z x is said1 he repres5t$ 8 "y wife1 ,hel5a ,=man4 7,muse1 ,antw]p47 ,!re is also a picture 9 :i* ,/4 ,anna m9i/]s to h] daught]1 & is int5t on braid+ & adorn+ h] long gold5 hair1 :ile ! angels look on ) dev\t admiration4 7,vi5na1 ,li*t5/e9 ,gal47 ,9 all ^! examples ,m>y is repres5t$ z a girl ( t5 or twelve ye>s old4 ,n[1 z ! leg5d expressly relates t %e 0 ?ree ye>s old :5 %e became an inmate ( ! temple1 su* repres5tations mu/ be consid]$ z incorrect4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! n>rative ?us proce$s3-- ,& :5 ! *ild 0 ?ree ye>s old1 ,joa*im said1 ',let u invite ! daught]s ( ,israel1 & !y %all take ea* a tap] or a lamp1 & att5d on h]1 t ! *ild may n turn back f ! temple ( ! ,"l4' ,& be+ come to ! temple1 !y plac$ h] on ! fir/ /ep1 & %e asc5d$ alone all ! /eps to ! alt>3 & ! high prie/ receiv$ h] !re1 kiss$ h]1 & bless$ h]1 say+1 ',m>y1 ! ,"l ha? magnifi$ ?y "n to all g5]ations1 & 9 !e %all be made kn[n ! r$emption ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4' ,& be+ plac$ be=e ! alt>1 %e danc$ ) h] feet1 s t all ! h\se ( ,israel rejoic$ ) h]1 & lov$ h]4 ,!n h] p>5ts return$ home1 bless+ ,god because ! maid5 _h n turn$ back f ! temple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* is ! incid5t1 :i*1 9 arti/ic repres5tation1 is sometimes /yl$ ! ,d$ication1 b m g5]ally ,,! ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 ,x is a subject ( great importance1 n only z a pr9cipal incid5t 9 a s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 b because ?is consecration ( ,m>y to ! s]vice ( ! temple be+ tak5 9 a g5]al s5se1 x has (t5 be5 giv5 9 a sep>ate =m1 p>ticul>ly = ! nunn]ies4 ,h5ce x has happ5$ t we f9d ,! ,pres5tation ( ! ,virg9 among "s ( ! mo/ preci\s examples ( anci5t & mod]n art4 ,! motif does n v>y4 ,! *ild ,m>y1 sometimes 9 a blue1 b (t5] 9 a :ite ve/ure1 ) long gold5 hair1 asc5ds ! /eps :i* lead to ! por* ( ! temple1 :i* /eps are always fifte5 9 numb]4 ,%e ought to be an infant ( ?ree ye>s ( age2 b 9 _m pictures %e is repres5t$ old]1 veil$1 & ) a tap] 9 h] h& in/ead ( a lamp1 l a "y nun2 b ?is is a fault4 ,! fifte5 /eps re/ on a passage 9 ,josephus1 :o says1 betwe5 ! wall :i* sep>at$ ! m5 f ! wom51 & ! great por* ( ! temple1 7 fifte5 /eps2 & ^! are ! /eps :i* ,m>y is suppos$ to asc5d4 #a4 ,x is sometimes treat$ ) great simplicity2 = in/ance1 9 ! bas-relief by ,&rea ,orcagna1 !re are only ?ree pr9cipal figures--! ,virg9 9 ! c5tre 7too old1 h[ev]71 & ,joa*im & ,anna /& on ea* side4 7,flor5ce1 ,or ,san ,mi*ele47 #b4 ,9 ! fresco by ,taddeo ,gaddi we h ! same artless grace1 ! same dramatic gr\p+1 & ! same faults ( draw+ & p]spective z 9 ! o!r comp>tm5ts ( ! s]ies4 7,flor5ce1 ,b>oncelli ,*apel47 #c4 ,! sc5e is repres5t$ by ,ghirl&ajo ) 8 usual luxury ( accessories & accompanim5ts4 7,flor5ce1 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella47 ,! locality is ! c\rt ( ! temple2 on ! "r a magnific5t por*2 ! ,virg91 a "y girl ( ab\t n9e or t5 ye>s old1 is se5 asc5d+ ! /eps ) a book 9 h] h&2 ! prie/ /ret*es out 8 arms to receive h]2 beh9d him is ano!r prie/2 & ! "y virg9s :o 7 to be h] companions are advanc+ joy\sly to receive h]4 7,adduc5tur ,regi ,virg9es po/ eam4 ,ps4 xlv47 ,at ! foot ( ! /eps are ,/4 ,anna & ,/4 ,joa*im1 & f>!r (f a gr\p ( wom5 & spectators1 :o wat* ! ev5t 9 attitudes ( ?anksgiv+ & joyful sympa?y4 ,two v5]able1 gr&-look+ ,jews1 & two beautiful boys fill ! =egr\nd2 & ! figure ( ! pilgrim re/+ on ! /eps is memorable 9 art z "o ( ! e>lie/ examples ( an undrap$ figure1 accurately & gracefully drawn4 ,! :ole composition is full ( life & "*1 & t sort ( elegance peculi> to ,ghirl&ajo4 #d4 ,9 ! composition ( ,alb]t ,dur] we see ! entrance ( ! temple on ! left1 & ! *ild ,m>y ) fl[+ hair asc5d+ ! /eps2 beh9d h] /& h] p>5ts & o!r p]sonages1 & 9 front are v5d]s ( provisions1 doves1 c41 :i* are br\ght z (f]+s4 #e4 ,! sc5e1 z giv5 by ,c>paccio1 appe>s to me exce$+ly graceful4 ,! p]fectly *ildi% figure ( ,m>y ) h] light fl[+ tresses1 ! grace ) :i* %e kneels on ! /eps1 & ! disposition ( ! att5dant figures1 are all beautifully conceiv$4 ,conspicu\s 9 front is a page hold+ a unicorn1 ! anci5t emblem ( *a/ity1 & (t5 introduc$ significantly into pictures ( ! ,virg94 7,v5ice ,academy47 #f4 ,b ! mo/ celebrat$ example is ! ,pres5tation by ,titian1 9 ! academy at ,v5ice1 orig9ally pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( ! bro!rhood ( *>ity 7,scuola della ,c>it71 & /ill to be se5 !re--! ,c>it be+ n[ ! academy ( art4 ,9 ! g5]al arrangem5t1 ,titian seems to h be5 indebt$ to ,c>paccio2 b all t is simple & poetical 9 ! latt] becomes 9 ,titian's v]sion sumptu\s & dramatic4 ,"h ,m>y does n kneel1 b1 hold+ up h] light-blue drap]y1 asc5ds ! /eps ) *ildi% grace & alacrity4 ,! numb] ( portrait-heads adds to ! value & int]e/ ( ! picture4 ,titian himself is look+ up1 & ne> him /&s 8 fri5d1 ,&rea de' ,frances*i1 gr&-*ancellor ( ,v5ice1#a rob$ z a ,cavali]o di ,san ,m>co4 ,9 ! f9e be>d$ head ( ! prie/1 :o /&s beh9d ! high-prie/1 we may recognize1 ,i ?9k1 ! lik5ess ( ,c>d9al ,bembo4 ,9 ! =egr\nd1 in/ead ( ! poetical symbol ( ! unicorn1 we h an old woman sell+ eggs & f[ls1 z 9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s pr9t1 :i* mu/ h be5 well kn[n to ,titian4 ,alb]t ,dur] publi%$ 8 ,life ( ! ,virg9 9 #aebj1 & ,titian pa9t$ 8 picture ab\t #aeej4 7,v5ice ,academy47 ,footnote #a3 ,amorevolissime del ,pitt>e1 says ,ridolfi4 ,x is ! same p]son :om ,titian introduc$1 ) himself1 9 ! picture at ,w9dsor2 !re1 by a truly unp>donable mi/ake1 call$ ,titian & ,aret9o4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! life ( ! ,virg9 9 ! temple1 we h sev]al beautiful pictures4 ,z %e 0 to be plac$ be=e wom5 z an example ( e virtue1 s %e 0 skill$ 9 all fem99e accompli%m5ts2 %e 0 z /udi\s1 z le>n$1 z wise1 z %e 0 indu/ri\s1 *a/e1 & temp]ate4 ,%e is se5 surr\nd$ by h] "y companions1 ! maid5s :o 7 br\ght up 9 ! temple ) h]1 9 a picture by ,agnolo ,gaddi4 7,flor5ce1 ,c>m9e47 ,%e is in/ruct+ h] companions1 9 a *>m+ picture by ,lu9i3 "h %e appe>s z a girl ( sev5 or eight ye>s old1 seat$ on a sort ( ?rone1 dress$ 9 a simple light-blue tunic1 ) long gold5 hair2 :ile ! *ildr5 ar\nd h] look up & li/5 ) dev\t faces4 7,milan1 ,br]a47 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s o!r sc5es ( h] e>ly life1 :i*1 9 ! ,protevangelion1 are plac$ aft] h] m>riage ) ,joseph1 9 pictures usually prec$e x4 ,?us1 %e is *os5 by lot to sp9 ! f9e purple = ! temple1 to weave & embroid] x4 ,didron m5tions a f9e antique tape/ry at ,rheims1 9 :i* ,m>y is seat$ at h] embroid]y1 :ile two unicorns cr\*+ on ea* side look up 9 h] face4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i rememb] a f9e draw+1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 is seat$ at a l>ge tape/ry frame4 ,beh9d h] are two maid5s1 "o ( :om is read+2 ! o!r1 hold+ a di/aff1 lays h] h& on ! %\ld] ( ! ,virg91 z if ab\t to speak4 ,! sc5e repres5ts ! int]ior ( ! temple ) ri* ar*itecture4 7,vi5na1 ,col4 ( ,ar*duke ,*>les47 ,9 a small b v pretty picture by ,guido1 ! ,virg91 z a "y girl1 sits embroid]+ a yell[ robe4 7,"l ,ellesm]e's ,gal47 ,%e is att5d$ by f\r angels1 "o ( :om draws aside a curta9 ,x is also relat$ t among ! companions ( ,m>y 9 ! temple 0 ,anna ! prophetess2 & t ?is ag$ & holy woman1 kn[+ by inspiration ( ! ,holy ,_s ! peculi> grace v\*saf$ to ,m>y1 & h] high de/9y1 beheld h] ) equal love & v5]ation2 &1 not)/&+ ! disp>ity ( age1 !y become true & de> fri5ds4 ,9 an old illum9ation1 ! ,virg9 is seat$ sp9n+1 ) an angel by h] side4 7,(fice ( ! ,virg91 #adjh4 ,ox=d1 ,bodleian47 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is record$ t ! angels daily m9i/]$ to h]1 & f$ h] ) cele/ial food4 ,h5ce 9 "s e>ly specim5s ( art an angel br+s h] a loaf ( bread & a pit*] ( wat]1--! bread ( life & ! wat] ( life f ,p>adise4 ,9 ?is subject1 z we f9d x c>v$ on ! /alls ( ! ca!dral ( ,ami5s1 ,m>y holds a book1 & sev]al books are rang$ on a %elf 9 ! backgr\nd3 !re is1 besides1 a clock1 su* z 0 9 use 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 to indicate ! /udi\s & regul> life l$ by ,m>y 9 ! temple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,/4 ,evode1 patri>* ( ,antio*1 & ,/4 ,g]manus1 ass]t z an indubitable tradition ( ! ,greek ,*ur*1 t ,m>y _h ! privilege--nev] grant$ to "o ( h] sex be=e or s9ce--( ent]+ ! ,holy ( ,holies1 & pray+ be=e ! ark ( ! cov5ant4 ,h5ce1 9 "s ( ! sc5es f h] e>ly life1 ! ark is plac$ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,we mu/ also be> 9 m9d t ! ark 0 "o ( ! receiv$ types ( h] :o bore ! ,logos )9 h] bosom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 h] f\rte5? ye>1 ,m>y 0 in=m$ by ! high prie/ t x 0 prop] t %e %\ld be m>ri$2 b %e mode/ly repli$ t h] p>5ts _h d$icat$ h] to ! s]vice ( ! ,"l1 & t1 !re=e1 %e c\ld n comply4 ,b ! high-prie/1 :o _h receiv$ a revelation f an angel conc]n+ ! de/9y ( ,m>y1 in=m$ h] !re(1 & %e ) all humility submitt$ h]self to ! div9e w4 ,?is sc5e betwe5 ,m>y & ! high-prie/ has be5 pa9t$ by ,lu9i1 & x is ! only example ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 ,pictures ( ! ,virg9 9 h] girlhood1 read+ int5tly ! ,book ( ,wisdom1 :ile angels wat* ov] h]1 are (t5 ( great beauty4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,ital4 ,il ,sposalizio4 ,fr4 ,le ,m>iage de la ,vi]ge4 ,g]4 ,die ,trauung ,m>i4 ,jan4 #bc4 ,?is1 z an arti/ic subject1 is ( great consequ5ce1 f ! beauty & celebrity ( "s ( ! repres5tations1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are un9telligible )\t ! accompany+ leg5ds4 ,& x is wor? rem>k+1 t :ile ! incid5t is avoid$ 9 e>ly ,greek art1 x became v popul> ) ! ,italian & ,g]man pa9t]s f ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ! preval5ce ( ! mona/ic _s1 f ! f\r? c5tury1 _h br\ght m>riage into disrepute2 by _m ( ! ascetic writ]s ( ! ,we/ x 0 consid]$ almo/ 9 ! light ( a necess>y evil4 ,?is idea1 t ! primal & mo/ sacr$ ord9ance ( ,god & nature 0 incompatible ) ! sanctity & purity acceptable to ,god1 0 ! orig9 ( ! s+ul> leg5ds ( ! ,m>riage ( ! ,virg94 ,"o sees v cle>ly t1 if possible1 x w\ld h be5 d5i$ t ,m>y _h ev] be5 m>ri$ at all2 b1 z ! te/imony ( ! ,gospel 0 too direct & absolute to be set aside1 x became necess>y1 9 ! n>rative1 to give to ?is di/a/eful m>riage ! mo/ recondite motives1 & 9 art1 to surr\nd x ) ! mo/ poetical & ev5 miracul\s accessories4 ,b be=e we ent] on ! treatm5t ( ! subject1 x is necess>y to say a few words on ! "* ( ,joseph1 wond]fully select$ to be ! husb& & gu>dian ( ! consecrat$ "m ( ,*ri/1 & fo/]-fa!r ( ! ,r$eem]2 & s (t5 introduc$ into all ! pictures :i* ref] to ! *ildhood ( our ,"l4 ,f ! ,gospels we le>n no?+ ( him b t he 0 ( ! tribe ( ,judah & ! l9eage ( ,david2 t he 0 a j man2 t he foll[$ ! trade ( a c>p5t]1 & dwelt 9 ! little city ( ,naz>e?4 ,we inf] f 8 conduct t[>ds ,m>y1 t he 0 a mild1 & t5d]1 & pure-he>t$1 z well z an upright man4 ,( 8 age & p]sonal appe>ance no?+ is said4 ,^! are ! po9ts on :i* ! ,*ur* has n decid$1 & on :i* arti/s1 left to _! own devices1 & l$ by v>i\s op9ions1 h diff]$ consid]ably4 ,! v e>ly pa9t]s deem$ x "r to repres5t ,joseph z v old1 almo/ decrepit ) age1 & support$ by a crut*4 ,accord+ to "s ( ! monki% au?orities1 he 0 a wid[]1 & eighty-f\r ye>s old :5 he 0 esp\s$ to ,m>y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 argu$1 t su* a m>riage w\ld h be5 q contr>y to ! cu/om ( ! ,jews2 & t to def5d ,m>y1 & to provide = h] cele/ial ,(fspr+1 x 0 necess>y t h] husb& %\ld be a man ( mature age1 b /ill /rong & robu/1 & able to "w at 8 trade2 & ?us1 ) m propriety & bett] ta/e1 ! lat] pa9t]s h repres5t$ him4 ,9 ! be/ ,italian & ,spani% pictures ( ! ,holy ,family1 he is a man ( ab\t =ty or fifty1 ) a mild1 b5evol5t c\nt5ance1 br[n hair1 & a %ort1 curl$ be>d3 ! crut*1 or /ick1 h[ev]1 is seldom omitt$2 x became a conv5tional attribute4 ,9 ! ,g]man pictures1 ,joseph is n only old1 b appe>s almo/ 9 a /ate ( dotage1 l a lean1 wr9kl$ m5dicant1 ) a bald head1 a :ite be>d1 a feeble frame1 & a sleepy or /upid c\nt5ance4 ,!n1 aga91 ! lat] ,italian pa9t]s h err$ z mu* on ! o!r side2 = ,i h se5 pictures 9 :i* ,/4 ,joseph is n only a "y man n m ?an ?irty1 b be>s a /rong resemblance to ! receiv$ heads ( our ,savi\r4 ,x is 9 ! sixte5? c5tury t we fir/ f9d ,joseph advanc$ to ! dignity ( a sa9t 9 8 own "r2 & 9 ! sev5te5? he became v popul>1 especially 9 ,spa91 :]e ,/4 ,!resa _h *os5 him = h] patron sa9t1 & _h plac$ h] p[]ful ord] ( ! re=m$ ,c>melites "u 8 protection4 ,h5ce ! numb] ( pictures ( t "t1 :i* repres5t ,joseph1 z ! fo/]-fa!r ( ,*ri/1 c>ry+ ! ,infant on 8 arm & c>ess+ him1 :ile 9 ! o!r h& he be>s a lily1 to express ! sanctity & purity ( 8 relations ) ! ,virg94 99 99 99 99 99 ,! leg5d ( ! ,m>riage ( ,joseph & ,m>y is ?us giv5 9 ! ,protevangelion & ! ,hi/ory ( ,joseph ! ,c>p5t]3-- ,:5 ,m>y 0 f\rte5 ye>s old1 ! prie/ ,za*>ias 7or ,abia?>1 z he is else:]e call$7 inquir$ ( ! ,"l conc]n+ h]1 :at 0 "r to be done2 & an angel came to him & said1 ',g =?1 & call toge!r all ! wid[]s among ! p1 & let ea* br+ 8 rod 7or w&7 9 8 h&1 & he to :om ! ,"l %all %[ a sign1 let him be ! husb& ( ,m>y4 ,& ,za*>ias did z ! angel comm&$1 & made proclamation accord+ly4 ,& ,joseph ! c>p5t]1 a righte\s man1 ?r[+ d[n 8 axe1 & tak+ 8 /aff 9 8 h&1 ran out ) ! re/4 ,:5 he appe>$ be=e ! prie/1 & pres5t$ 8 rod1 lo6 a dove issu$ out ( x--a dove dazzl+ :ite z ! sn[1--& aft] settl+ on 8 head1 flew t[>ds heav54 ,!n ! high prie/ said to him1 ',?\ art ! p]son *os5 to take ! ,virg9 ( ! ,"l1 & to keep h] = him4' ,& ,joseph 0 at fir/ afraid1 & drew back1 b aft]w>ds he took h] home to 8 h\se1 & said to h]1 ',behold1 ,i h tak5 !e f ! temple ( ! ,"l1 & n[ ,i w leave !e 9 my h\se1 = ,i mu/ g & foll[ my trade ( build+4 ,i w return to !e1 & mean:ile ! ,"l be ) !e & wat* ov] !e4' ,s ,joseph left h]1 & ,m>y rema9$ 9 h] h\se4 ,!re is no?+ said ( any m>riage c]emony1 "s h ev5 affirm$ t ,m>y 0 only betro!d to ,joseph1 b = conclusive reasons x rema9s an article ( fai? t %e 0 m>ri$ to him4 ,i mu/ m5tion "h an old tradition cit$ by ,/4 ,j]ome1 & :i* has be5 us$ z a text by ! pa9t]s4 ,! v>i\s suitors :o aspir$ to ! hon\r ( m>ry+ ! consecrat$ ,virg9 ( ! ,"l1 among :om 0 ! son ( ! high-prie/1 deposit$ _! w&s 9 ! temple ov] night1#a & next morn+ ! rod ( ,joseph 0 f\nd1 l ! rod ( ,a>on1 to h budd$ =? into leaves & fl[]s4 ,! o!r suitors !reupon broke _! w&s 9 rage & despair2 & "o among !m1 a y\? ( noble l9eage1 ^: "n 0 ,agabus1 fl$ to ,m\nt ,c>mel1 & became an an*orite1 t is to say1 a ,c>melite fri>4 ,footnote #a3 ,! suitors kneel+ ) _! w&s be=e ! alt> 9 ! ,temple1 is "o ( ! s]ies by ,giotto 9 ! ,ar5a at ,padua4 ,accord+ to ! ,abb ,ors9i1 :o gives a long description ( ! esp\sals ( ,m>y & ,joseph1 !y return$ aft] ! m>riage c]emony to ,naz>e?1 & dwelt 9 ! h\se ( ,/4 ,anna4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[1 ) reg>d to ! repres5tations1 we f9d t _m ( ! e>ly pa9t]s1 & p>ticul>ly ! ,italians1 h c>efully att5d$ to ! fact1 t1 among ! ,jews1 m>riage 0 a civil contract1 n a religi\s rite4 ,! c]emony takes place 9 ! op5 air1 9 a g>d51 or 9 a l&scape1 or 9 front ( ! temple4 ,m>y1 z a meek & beautiful maid5 ( ab\t fifte51 att5d$ by a tra9 ( virg9s1 /&s on ! "r2 ,joseph1 beh9d :om are se5 ! disappo9t$ suitors1 is on ! left4 ,! prie/ jo9s _! h&s1 or ,joseph is 9 ! act ( plac+ ! r+ on ! f+] ( ! bride4 ,?is is ! traditional arrangem5t f ,giotto d[n to ,raphael4 ,9 ! s]ies by ,giotto1 9 ! ,ar5a at ,padua1 we h ?ree sc5es f ! m>riage leg5d4 #a4 ,/4 ,joseph & ! o!r suitors pres5t _! w&s to ! high-prie/4 #b4 ,!y kneel be=e ! alt>1 on :i* _! w&s are deposit$1 wait+ = ! promis$ miracle4 #c4 ,! m>riage c]emony4 ,x takes place be=e an alt>1 9 ! int]ior ( ! temple4 ,! ,virg91 a mo/ graceful figure1 b r too old1 /&s att5d$ by h] maid5s2 ,/4 ,joseph holds 8 w& ) ! fl[] & ! holy ,dove re/+ on x3 "o ( ! disappo9t$ suitors is ab\t to /rike him2 ano!r breaks 8 w& aga9/ 8 knee4 ,taddeo ,gaddi1 ,angelico1 ,ghirl&ajo1 ,p]ug9o1 all foll[$ ?is traditional conception ( ! subject1 except t !y omit ! alt>1 & place ! locality 9 ! op5 air1 or "u a portico4 ,among ! relics v5]at$ 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,p]ugia1 is ! nuptial r+ ( ! bless$ ,virg92 & = ! alt> ( ! sacram5t !re1 ,p]ug9o pa9t$ ! appropriate subject ( ! ,m>riage ( ! ,virg94#a ,"h ! c]emony takes place "u ! portico ( ! temple1 & ,joseph ( c\rse puts ! r+ on h] f+]4 ,x is a beautiful composition1 :i* has be5 imitat$ m or less by ! pa9t]s ( ! ,p]ug9o s*ool1 & (t5 repeat$ 9 ! g5]al arrangem5t4 ,footnote #a3 ,x 0 c>ri$ (f f ! *ur* by ! ,fr5*1 sold 9 ,france1 & is n[ to be se5 9 ! ,muse at ,ca54 ,b 9 ?is subject1 ,raphael1 :ile yet a y\?1 excell$ 8 ma/] & all :o _h gone be=e him4 ,e "o kn[s ! fam\s ,,sposalizio ( ! ,br]a4#a ,x 0 pa9t$ by ,raphael 9 8 tw5ty-fir/ ye>1 = ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco1 9 ,citt di ,ca/ello2 & ?\gh he has closely foll[$ ! conception ( 8 ma/]1 x is modifi$ by t e!real grace :i* ev5 !n di/+ui%$ him4 ,"h ,m>y & ,joseph /& 9 front ( ! temple1 ! high-prie/ jo9s _! h&s1 & ,joseph places ! r+ on ! f+] ( ! bride2 he is a man ( ab\t ?irty1 & holds 8 w&1 :i* has blossom$ into a lily1 b !re is no ,dove ^u x4 ,beh9d ,m>y is a gr\p ( ! virg9s ( ! temple2 beh9d ,joseph ! gr\p ( disappo9t$ suitors2 "o ( :om1 9 ! act ( break+ 8 w& aga9/ 8 knee1 a s+ul>ly graceful figure1 se5 m 9 front & ri*ly dress$1 is p]haps ! despair+ y\? m5tion$ 9 ! leg5d4#b ,) some?+ ( ! =mality ( ! eld] s*ools1 ! figures are noble & dignifi$2 ! c\nt5ances ( ! pr9cipal p]sonages h a *>act]i/ic ref9em5t & beauty1 & a s(t1 t5d]1 en?usia/ic melan*oly1 :i* l5ds a peculi> & appropriate *>m to ! subject4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole sc5e is "h idealiz$2 ,x is l a lyric poem1 7,kugl]'s ,h&book1 #b;d edit47 ,footnote #a3 ,at ,milan4 ,! f9e engrav+ by ,longhi is well kn[n4 ,footnote #b3 ,9 ! s]ies by ,giotto at ,padua1 we h ! y\? break+ 8 w& across 8 knee4 ,9 ,ghirl&ajo's composition 7,flor5ce1 ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella71 ,joseph is an old man ) a bald head2 ! ar*itecture is spl5did2 ! accessory figures1 z is usual ) ,ghirl&ajo1 are num]\s & full ( grace4 ,9 ! backgr\nd are musicians play+ on ! pipe & tabor1 an incid5t :i* ,i d n recollect to h se5 9 o!r pictures4 ,! ,sposalizio by ,girolamo da ,cotignola 7,bologna ,gal471 pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,joseph1 is treat$ q 9 a my/ical /yle4 ,m>y & ,joseph /& be=e an alt>1 on ! /eps ( :i* are seat$1 on "o side a prophet1 on ! o!r a sibyl4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ! ,g]man pa9t]s ! sc5e is repres5t$ ) a *>act]i/ic homely neglect ( all hi/oric propriety4 ,! temple is a ,go?ic *ur*2 ! alt> has a ,go?ic alt>-piece2 ,joseph looks l an old burgh] array$ 9 furs & an embroid]$ g[n2 & ! ,virg9 is ri*ly dress$ 9 ! co/ume ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! suitors are (t5 knights & cavali]s ) spurs & tight hose4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is n said any:]e t ,/4 ,anna & ,/4 ,joa*im 7 pres5t at ! m>riage ( _! daught]2 h5ce !y are suppos$ to h be5 dead be=e x took place4 ,?is has n prev5t$ "s ( ! old ,g]man arti/s f introduc+ !m1 because1 accord+ to _! ideas ( dome/ic propriety1 !y ought to h be5 pres5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i obs]ve t ! lat] pa9t]s :o treat$ ! subject1 ,rub5s & ,p\ss9 = in/ance1 omit ! disappo9t$ suitors4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] ! m>riage1 or betro?al1 ,joseph conducts 8 wife to 8 h\se4 ,! gr\p ( ! return+ procession has be5 beautifully treat$ 9 ,giotto's s]ies at ,padua2#a /ill m beautifully by ,luigi 9 ! fragm5t ( fresco n[ 9 ! ,br]a at ,milan4 ,"h ,joseph & ,m>y walk toge!r h& 9 h&4 ,he looks at h]1 j t\*+ h] f+]s ) an air ( t5d] v5]ation2 %e looks d[n1 s]5ely mode/4 ,?us !y return toge!r to _! humble home2 & ) ?is sc5e closes ! fir/ "p ( ! life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,footnote #a3 ,cappella dell' ,ar5a1 engrav$ = ! ,arundel ,society4 ,,hi/orical ,,subjects ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,,f ,,! ,,annunciation ,,to ,,! ,,return ,,f ,,egypt4 #a4 ,,! ,,annunciation4 #b4 ,,! ,,salutation ,,( ,,elizabe?4 #c4 ,,! ,,j\bney ,,to ,,be?lehem4 #d4 ,,! ,,nativity4 #f4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds4 #f4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi4 #g4 ,,! ,,pres5tation ,,9 ,,! ,,temple4 #h4 ,,! ,,flight ,,into ,,egypt4 #i4 ,,! ,,riposo4 #aj4 ,,! ,,return ,,f ,,egypt4 ,,! ,,annunciation4 ,ital4 ,l' ,annunciazione4 ,la ,b4 ,v]g9e ,annunziata4 ,fr4 ,l',annonciation4 ,la ,salutation ,anglique4 ,g]4 ,die ,v]kndi gung4 ,d] ,englis*e ,gruss4 ,m>* #be4 ,! second "p ( ! life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y beg9s ) ! ,annunciation & ends ) ! ,crucifixion1 compris+ all ^? scriptural incid5ts :i* connect h] hi/ory ) t ( h] div9e ,son4 ,b to ! sc5es n>rat$ 9 ! ,gospels ! pa9t]s did n conf9e !mselves4 ,n only 7 ! simple scripture hi/ories col\r$ ?r\gh\t by ! pr$om9ant & en?usia/ic v5]ation paid to ! ,virg9--till ! life ( ,*ri/ 0 absolutely m]g$ 9 t ( ,8 "m1 & its v>i\s incid5ts became ! sev5 joys & ! sev5 sorr[s ( ,m>y1--b we f9d ! arti/ic repres5tations ( h] life curi\sly embroid]$ & v>iegat$ by ! introduction ( traditional & apocryphal circum/ances1 9 mo/ cases sanction$ by ! ,*ur* au?orities ( ! "t4 ,h[ev] d\btful or repulsive "s ( ^! sc5es & incid5ts1 we _c call !m absolutely unmean+ or absurd2 on ! contr>y1 :at 0 suppos$ grew up v naturally1 9 ! vivid & excit$ imag9ations ( ! p1 out ( :at 0 record$2 nor did !y di/+ui% accurately betwe5 :at !y 7 all[$ & :at !y 7 comm&$ to believe4 ,nei!r c x be d5i$ t ! traditional incid5ts--^? at lea/ :i* we f9d arti/ically treat$--are (t5 s+ul>ly beautiful1 poetical1 & in/ructive4 ,9 ! h&s ( ! great religions arti/s1 :o work$ 9 _! vocation ) fai? & simplicity1 objects & sc5es ! mo/ famili> & commonplace became sanctifi$ & glorifi$ by association ) :at we deem mo/ holy & mo/ v5]able4 ,9 ! h&s ( ! lat] pa9t]s ! result 0 j ! rev]se--:at 0 mo/ spiritual1 mo/ hall[$1 mo/ elevat$1 became secul>iz$1 mat]ializ$1 & %ock+ly degrad$4 ,no subject has be5 m pr(\ndly felt & m beautifully h&l$ by ! old pa9t]s1 nor m vilely mi%&l$ by ! mod]ns1 ?an ! ,,annunciation1 ( all ! sc5es 9 ! life ( ,m>y ! mo/ important & ! mo/ commonly met )4 ,consid]$ m]ely z an arti/ic subject1 x is surely em95tly beautiful3 x places be=e u ! two mo/ graceful =ms :i* ! h& ( man 0 ev] call$ on to del9eate2--! w+$ _s fre% f p>adise2 ! woman n less pure1 & ev5 m highly bless$--! *os5 vessel ( r$emption1 & ! p]sonification ( all female lovel9ess1 all female excell5ce1 all wisdom1 & all purity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we f9d ! ,annunciation1 l _m o!r scriptural incid5ts1 treat$ 9 two ways--z a my/]y1 & z an ev5t4 ,tak5 9 ! =m] s5se1 x became ! expressive symbol ( a mom5t\s article ( fai?1 ,! ,inc>nation ( ! ,deity4 ,tak5 9 ! latt] s5se1 x repres5t$ ! ann\ncem5t ( salvation to mank9d1 ?r\gh ! direct int]position ( miracul\s p[]4 ,9 "o s5se or ! o!r1 x ent]s into e s*eme ( ecclesia/ical decoration2 b *iefly x is set be=e u z a great & awful my/]y1 ( :i* ! two figures ( ,gabriel1 ! angel-mess5g]1 & ,m>y ! highly-fav\r$1 plac$ 9 relation to ea* o!r1 became ! univ]sally accept$ symbol1 r ?an ! repres5tation4 ,,! ,,annunciation ,,z ,a ,,my/]y4 ,consid]+ ! importance giv5 to ! ,annunciation 9 its my/ical s5se1 x is /range t we d n f9d x among ! v anci5t symbolical subjects adopt$ 9 ! fir/ ages ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,x does n appe> on ! s>cophagi1 nor 9 ! e>ly ,greek c>v+s & dipty*s1 nor 9 ! e>ly mosaics--except once1 & !n z a "p ( ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 n z a symbol2 nor c we trace ! my/ical treatm5t ( ?is subject high] ?an ! elev5? c5tury1 :5 x fir/ appe>s 9 ! ,go?ic sculpture & /a9$ glass4 ,9 ! ?irte5?1 & !nce=w>d1 ! ,annunciation appe>s be=e u1 z ! expression 9 =m ( a !ological dogma1 ev]y:]e conspicu\s4 ,x became a primal elem5t 9 e comb9ation ( sacr$ repres5tations2 ! corn]-/one1 z x 71 ( e ar*itectural sy/em ( religi\s decoration4 ,x =m$ a "p ( e alt>-piece1 ei!r 9 sculpture or pa9t+4 ,sometimes ! ,virg9 /&s on "o side ( ! alt>1 ! angel on ! o!r1 c>v$ 9 m>ble or alaba/]1 or ( wood ri*ly pa9t$ & gilt2 or ev51 z ,i h se5 9 "s in/ances1 ( solid silv]4 ,n seldom1 we f9d ! two figures plac$ 9 ni*es aga9/ ! pill>s1 or on p$e/als at ! entrance ( ! *oir4 ,x 0 n necess>y1 :5 ?us symbolically treat$1 to place ! two figures 9 proximity to signify _! relation to ea* o!r2 !y are (t5 divid$ by ! :ole bread? ( ! *ancel4 ,:atev] ! subject ( ! alt>-piece--:e!r ! ,nativity1 or ! ,en?ron$ ,madonna1 or ! ,coronation1 or ! ,crucifixion1 or ! ,la/ ,supp]1--! ,annunciation almo/ inv>iably =m$ "p ( ! decoration1 ins]t$ ei!r into ! sp&rels ( ! ar*es above1 or 9 ! pr$ella bel[2 or1 :i* is v common1 pa9t$ or c>v$ on ! doors ( a tab]nacle or tripty*on4 ,if ! figures are full-l5g?1 a c]ta9 symmetry be+ requir$1 !y are ei!r bo? /&+ or bo? kneel+2 x is only 9 lat] times t ! ,virg9 sits1 & ! angel kneels4 ,:5 dispos$ 9 circles or semicircles1 !y are (t5 m]ely bu/s1 or half-l5g? figures1 sep>at$ p]haps by a framework ( trac]y1 or set on ea* side ( ! pr9cipal subject1 :atev] t may be4 ,h5ce x is t we s (t5 f9d 9 gall]ies & collections1 pictures ( ! ,annunciation 9 two sep>ate p>ts1 ! angel 9 "o frame1 ! ,virg9 9 ano!r2 & p]haps ! two pictures1 ?us disunit$1 may h f\nd _! way into diff]5t c\ntries & diff]5t collections1--! ,virg9 be+ 9 ,italy & ! angel 9 ,engl&4 ,sometimes ! ,annunciation--/ill z a my/ical subject--=ms an alt>-piece ( itself4 ,9 _m ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es !re is a *apel or an alt> d$icat$ expressly to ! my/]y ( ! ,annunciation1 ! subject =m+ ( c\rse ! pr9cipal decoration4 ,at ,flor5ce !re is a *ur*--"o ( ! mo/ spl5did & int]e/+ ( its _m beautiful edifices--d$icat$ to ! ,annunciation1 or r to ! ,virg9 9 h] especial "* & dignity1 z ! ,in/rum5t ( ! ,inc>nation1 & !nce /yl$ ! *ur* della ,santissima ,nunziata4 ,! f9e mosaic ( ! ,annunciation by ,ghirl&ajo is plac$ ov] ! pr9cipal entrance4 ,( ?is *ur*1 & ( ! ord] ( ! ,s]vi1 to :om x belongs1 ,i h already spok5 at l5g?4 ,"h1 9 ! fir/ *apel on ! left1 z we ent]1 is to be f\nd ! miracul\s picture ( ! ,annunciation1 =m]ly held 9 su* v5]ation1 n m]ely by all ,flor5ce1 b all ,*ri/5dom3--f\nd1 b n se5--= x is /ill conceal$ f pr(ane eyes1 & exhibit$ to ! dev\t only on great occasions4 ,! "n ( ! pa9t] is disput$2 b1 accord+ to tradition1 x is ! "w ( a c]ta9 ,b>tolomeo2 :o1 :ile he sat m$itat+ on ! v>i\s excell5ces & p]fections ( our ,lady1 & mo/ especially on h] div9e beauty1 & ?9k+1 ) humility1 h[ inadequate 7 8 own p[]s to repres5t h] wor?ily1 fell asleep2 & on awak+1 f\nd ! head ( ! ,virg9 _h be5 wondr\sly complet$1 ei!r by ! h& ( an angel1 or by t ( ,/4 ,luke1 :o _h desc5d$ f heav5 on purpose4 ,?\gh ?is curi\s relic has be5 frequ5tly re/or$1 no "o has presum$ to t\* ! features ( ! ,virg91 :i* are1 ,i am told--= ,i h nev] be5 bless$ ) a sight ( ! orig9al picture--m>vell\sly sweet & beautiful4 ,x is conceal$ by a veil1 on :i* is pa9t$ a f9e head ( ! ,r$eem]1 by ,&rea del ,s>to2 & =ty-two lamps ( silv] burn cont9ually r\nd x4 ,!re is a copy 9 ! ,pitti ,palace1 by ,c>lo ,dolce4 ,x is evid5t t ! ,annunciation1 z a my/]y1 admits ( a /yle ( treatm5t :i* w\ld n be all[able 9 ! repres5tation ( an ev5t4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! arti/ is emancipat$ f all consid]ations ( locality or circum/ance4 ,:e!r ! backgr\nd be ( gold1 or ( blue1 or />-bespangl$ sky1--a m]e curta91 or a temple ( gorge\s ar*itecture2 :e!r ! accessories be ! mo/ simple or ! mo/ elaborate1 ! mo/ real or ! mo/ ideal2 all ?is is ( little mom5t1 & might be left to ! imag9ation ( ! arti/1 or might be modifi$ accord+ to ! conditions impos$ by ! purpose ( ! repres5tation & ! mat]ial employ$1 s long z ! *ief object is fulfill$--! significant expression ( an ab/ract dogma1 appeal+ to ! fai?1 n to ! s5ses or ! und]/&+1 ( ! obs]v]4 ,to ?is class1 !n1 belong all ^? *ur* images & pictures ( ! ,annunciation1 ei!r conf9$ to ! two p]sonages1 ) j suffici5t ( attitude & expression to place !m 9 relation to ea* o!r1 or ) su* accompanim5ts z s]v$ to c>ry out ! my/ical idea1 /ill keep+ x z f> z possible remov$ f ! region ( e>?ly possibilities4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury--t age ( my/icism--we f9d ! ,annunciation1 n m]ely treat$ z an ab/ract religi\s emblem1 b z a sort ( div9e allegory or poem1 :i* 9 old ,fr5* & ,flemi% art is clo!d 9 ! qua9te/1 ! mo/ curi\s =ms4 ,i recollect go+ into a *ur* at ,breslau1 & f9d+ ov] "o ( ! alt>s a mo/ elaborate c>v+ 9 wood ( ! ,annunciation4 ,m>y is seat$ )9 a ,go?ic por* ( op5 trac]y "w2 a unicorn takes refuge 9 h] bosom3 outside1 a kneel+ angel w9ds a hunt+ horn2 ?ree or f\r dogs are cr\*+ ne> him4 ,i look$ & wond]$4 ,at fir/ ,i c\ld make no?+ ( ?is s+ul> allegory2 b aft]w>ds f\nd ! explanation1 9 a le>n$ ,fr5* "w on ! ,/alles d',ami5s4 ,i give ! orig9al passage1 = x w assi/ ! read] to ! compreh5sion ( _m curi\s works ( art2 b ,i d n v5ture to translate x4 ,on sait qu'an ,,xvi sicle1 le my/re de l',inc>nation toit s\v5t reprs5t p> une allegorie a9si conue3 ,une licorne se rfugiant au se9 d'une vi]ge pure1 quatre lvri]s la pressant d'une c\rse rapide1 un v5eur ail sonnant de la trompette4 ,la sci5ce de la zoologie my/ique du temps aide en tr\v] l'explication2 le fabuleux animal dont l'unique corne ne blessait que p\r purg] de t\t v59 l'endroit du corps qu'elle avoit t\*1 figuroit ,jsus ,*ri/1 mdec9 et sauveur des mes2 on donnait aux lvri]s agiles les noms de ,mis]icordia1 ,v]itas1 ,ju/itia1 ,pax1 les quatre raisons qui ont press le ,v]be t]nel de sortir de son repos mais comme c'toit p> la ,vi]ge ,m>ie qu'il avoit v\lu desc5dre p>mi les hommes et se mettre en leur puissance1 on croyoit ne p\voir mieux faire que de *oisir dans la fable1 le fait d'une pucelle p\vant seule s]vir de pige la licorne1 en l'attirant p> le *>me et le p>fum de son se9 virg9al qu'elle lui prs5toit2 enf9 l'ange ,gabriel conc\rant au my/re toit bi5 reconnoissable s\s les traits du v55r ail lanant les lvri]s et emb\*ant la trompette4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x appe>s t ?is 0 an accept$ religi\s allegory1 z famili> 9 ! sixte5? c5tury z ^? ( ,sp5s]'s ,fairy ,que5 or ! ,pilgrim's ,progress are to u4 ,i h s9ce f\nd x frequ5tly reproduc$ 9 ! old ,fr5* & ,g]man pr9ts3 !re is a specim5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 & !re is a picture simil>ly treat$ 9 ! ,muse at ,ami5s4 ,i h nev] se5 x 9 an ,italian picture or pr9t2 unless a pr9t aft] ,guido1 :]e9 a beautiful maid5 is seat$ "u a tree1 & a unicorn has s\ght refuge 9 h] lap1 be int5d$ to convey ! same f>-fet*$ allegory4 ,v common1 h[ev]1 9 ,italian art1 is a less fanta/ic1 b /ill :olly poetical v]sion ( ! ,annunciation1 repres5t+1 9 fact1 n ! ,annunciation1 b ! ,inc>nation4 ,?us1 9 a picture by ,giovanni ,sanzio 7! fa!r ( ,raphael7 7,br]a1 ,milan71 ,m>y /&s "u a spl5did portico2 %e appe>s z if j ris5 f h] seat h] h&s are meekly fold$ ov] h] bosom2 h] head decl9$4 ,! angel kneels outside ! portico1 hold+ =? 8 lily2 :ile above1 9 ! heav5s1 ! ,padre ,et]no s5ds =? ! ,r$eem]1 :o1 9 =m ( ! infant ,*ri/ be>+ 8 cross1 floats d[nw>ds t[>ds ! e>?1 prec$$ by ! my/ic ,dove4 ,?is mann] ( repres5t+ ! ,inc>nation is /rongly disapprov$ ( by ! ,abb ,mry 7v4 ,?ologie des ,pe9tres71 z n only an error1 b a h]esy3 yet x 0 frequ5tly repeat$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! ,annunciation is also a my/]y :5 c]ta9 emblems are introduc$ convey+ a c]ta9 signification2 z :5 ,m>y is seat$ on a ?rone1 we>+ a radiant cr[n ( m+l$ gems & fl[]s1 & receives ! message ( ! angel ) all ! maje/y t c\ld be express$ by ! pa9t]2 or is seat$1 9 a g>d5 enclos$ by a h$ge ( roses 7! ,hortus clausus or conclusus ( ! ,canticles72 or :]e ! angel holds 9 8 h&s ! seal$ book1 z 9 ! fam\s alt>-piece at ,cologne4 ,9 a picture by ,simone ,memmi1 ! ,virg9 seat$ on a ,go?ic ?rone receives1 z ! high] & sup]ior be+1 yet ) a %r9k+ timidity1 ! salutation ( ! angel1 :o comes z ! mess5g] ( peace1 olive-cr[n$1 & be>+ a bran* ( olive 9 8 h&4 7,flor5ce ,gal47 ,?is poetical v]sion is v *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly ,si5a s*ool1 9 :i* we (t5 f9d a c]ta9 fanciful & orig9al way ( treat+ well kn[n subjects4 ,taddeo ,b>toli1 ano!r ,si5ese1 & ,m>t9 ,s*o51 ! mo/ poetical ( ! e>ly ,g]mans1 also adopt$ ! olive-symbol2 & we f9d x also 9 ! tab]nacle ( ,k+ ,rn1 already describ$4 ,! treatm5t is cle>ly devotional & ideal :]e att5dant sa9ts & vot>ies /& or kneel ar\nd1 contemplat+ ) dev\t gratitude or ec/atic wond] ! div9e my/]y4 ,?us1 9 a rem>kable & mo/ beautiful picture by ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on h] ?rone2 ! angel desc5ds f on high be>+ 8 lily3 ar\nd ! ?rone att5d ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ & ,/4 ,francis1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 ,/4 ,paul1 & ,/4 ,m>g>et4 7,bologna ,gal47 ,aga91 9 a v beautiful picture by ,francia1 ,m>y /&s 9 ! mid/ ( an op5 l&scape2 h] h&s1 fold$ ov] ea* o!r1 press to h] bosom a book clos$ & clasp$3 ,/4 ,j]ome /&s on ! "r1 ,john ! ,bapti/ on ! left2 bo? look up ) a dev\t expression to ! angel desc5d+ f above4 ,9 bo? ^! examples ,m>y is v nobly & expressively repres5t$ z ! *os5 & pr$e/9$ vehicle ( human r$emption4 ,x is n "h ! ,annunciation1 b ! ,sacratissima ,annunziata we see be=e u4 ,9 a curi\s picture by ,francesco da ,cotignola1 ,m>y /&s on a sculptur$ p$e/al1 9 ! mid/ ( an ar*itectural decoration ( _m-col\r$ m>bles1 mo/ elaborately pa9t$3 ?r\gh an op5+ is se5 a di/ant l&scape1 & ! blue sky2 on h] "r /&s ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 po9t+ upw>ds2 on h] left ,/4 ,francis1 ador+2 ! vot>y kneels 9 front4 7,b]l9 ,gal47 ,votive pictures ( ! ,annunciation 7 frequ5tly expressive (f]+s f ^? :o desir$1 or ^? :o _h receiv$1 ! bless+ ( an heir2 & ?is ,i take to be an in/ance4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! picture is votive 9 ano!r s5se1 & altoge!r poetical4 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y receives ! message ( ! angel1 z usual2 b be=e h]1 at a little di/ance1 kneels ! ,c>d9al ,torrecremata1 :o pres5ts ?ree "y girls1 also kneel+1 to "o ( :om ! ,virg9 gives a purse ( money4 ,?is curi\s & beautiful picture becomes intelligible1 :5 we f9d t x 0 pa9t$ = a *>itable community1 in/itut$ by ,torrecremata1 = educat+ & end[+ poor orphan girls1 & /yl$ ! ,confrat]nit dell' ,annunziat4#a ,footnote #a3 ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 9 ,s4 ,m>ia sopra ,m9]va1 ,rome4 ,9 ! *>m+ ,annunciation by ,angelico1 ! sc5e is 9 ! cloi/] ( 8 own conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>k4 ,a ,dom9ican 7,/4 ,pet] ,m>tyr7 /&s 9 ! backgr\nd ) h&s fold$ 9 pray]4 ,i might add _m beautiful examples f ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 & 9 sculpture f ,b5$etto ,maiano1 ,luca della ,robbia1 & o!rs1 b h said en\gh to enable ! obs]v] to judge ( ! int5tion ( ! arti/4 ,! ,annunciation by ,sansov9o among ! bas-reliefs1 :i* cov] ! *apel at ,loretto is ( great elegance4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 notice "o m picture4 ,( six ,annunciations pa9t$ by ,rub5s1 five repres5t ! ev5t2 ! six? is "o ( 8 magnific5t & mo/ palpable allegories1 all gl[+ ) life & reality4 ,"h ,m>y kneels on ! summit ( a flight ( /eps2 a dove1 encompass$ by *]ubim1 hov]s ov] h] head4 ,be=e h] kneels ! cele/ial mess5g]2 beh9d him ,moses & ,a>on1 ) ,david & o!r patri>*al ance/ors ( ,*ri/4 ,9 ! cl\ds above is se5 ! heav5ly ,fa!r2 on 8 "r are two female figures1 ,peace & ,reconciliation2 on 8 left1 angels be> ! ark ( ! cov5ant4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( ! picture1 /& ,isaiah & ,j]emiah1 ) f\r sibyls3--?us connect+ ! prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! promises made to ! ,g5tile nations ?r\gh ! sibyls1 ) ! fulfilm5t ( bo? 9 ! message f on high4 ,,! ,,annunciation ,,z ,,an ,,ev5t4 ,_h ! ,annunciation to ,m>y be5 m]ely m5tion$ z an awful & incompreh5sible vision1 x w\ld h be5 bett] to h adh]$ to ! my/ical /yle ( treatm5t1 or left x alone altoge!r2 b ! ,scripture hi/ory1 by giv+ ! :ole n>ration z a simple fact1 a real ev5t1 left x free = repres5tation z su*2 &1 z su*1 ! fancy ( ! arti/ 0 to be controll$ & limit$ only by ! words ( ,scripture z commonly und]/ood & int]pret$1 & by ^? proprieties ( "t1 place1 & circum/ance1 :i* w\ld be requir$ 9 ! repres5tation ( any o!r hi/orical incid5t or action4 ,:5 all ! accompanim5ts %[ t no?+ m 0 9 ! m9d ( ! arti/ ?an ! aim to exhibit an incid5t 9 ! life ( ! ,virg91 or an introduction to t ( our ,"l1 ! repres5tation is no long] my/ical & devotional1 b hi/orical4 ,! /ory 0 to be told ) all ! fidelity1 or at lea/ all ! likelihood1 t 0 possible2 & x is cle> t1 9 ?is case1 ! subject admitt$1 & ev5 requir$1 a m dramatic treatm5t1 ) su* accessories & accompanim5ts z might br+ ! sc5e )9 ! sph]e ( ! actual4 ,9 ?is s5se x is n to be mi/ak54 ,al?\gh ! action is ( itself s v simple1 & ! actors conf9$ to two p]sons1 x is a/oni%+ to note ! inf9ite v>iations ( :i* ?is fav\rite !me has be5 f\nd susceptible4 ,:e!r all ^! be equally appropriate & laudable1 is q ano!r "q2 & 9 h[ f> ! pa9t]s h truly int]pret$ ! ,scriptural n>ration1 is n[ to be consid]$4 ,& fir/1 ) reg>d to ! "t1 :i* is n especially m5tion$4 ,x 0 presum$ by ! ,fa!rs & e>ly comm5tators on ,scripture1 t ! ,annunciation mu/ h tak5 place 9 e>ly spr+-"t1 at ev5tide1 soon aft] sunset1 ! h\r s9ce consecrat$ z ! ,ave ,m>ia1 z ! bell :i* ann\nces x is call$ ! ,angelus2#a b o!r au?orities say t x 0 r at midnight1 because ! nativity ( our ,"l took place at ! correspond+ h\r 9 ! foll[+ ,decemb]4 ,?is we f9d exactly att5d$ to by _m ( ! old pa9t]s1 & indicat$ ei!r by ! moon & />s 9 ! sky1 or by a tap] or a lamp burn+ ne>4 ,footnote #a3 ,s ,"l ,byron3-- ,ave ,m>ia6 bless$ be ! h\r6 ,! "t1 ! clime1 ! spot1 :]e ,i s (t ,h felt t mom5t 9 its fulle/ p[] ,s9k o'er ! e>? s beautiful & s(t1 ,:ile swung ! deep bell 9 ! di/ant t[]1 ,or ! fa9t dy+ day-hymn /ole al(t1 ,& n a brea? crept ?r\gh ! rosy air1 ,& yet ! =e/ leaves seem'd /irr'd ) pray] 99 99 99 99 99 ,) reg>d to ! locality1 we are told by ,/4 ,luke t ! angel ,gabriel 0 s5t f ,god1 & t he came 9 to ,m>y 7,luke i4 #bh71 :i* seems to express t %e 0 )9 h] h\se4 ,9 describ+ ! actual sc5e ( ! int]view betwe5 ! angel & ,m>y1 ! leg5d>y /ory ( ! ,virg9 adh]es v closely to ! scriptural text4 ,b x also relates1 t ,m>y w5t =? at ev5+ to draw wat] f ! f\nta92 t %e he>d a voice :i* said1 ,hail ?\ t art full ( grace6 & !reupon be+ tr\bl$1 %e look$ to ! "r & to ! left1 & see+ no "o1 return$ to h] h\se1 & sat d[n to h] "w1 7,protevangelion1 ix4 #g47 ,_h any exact att5tion be5 paid to ori5tal cu/oms1 ,m>y might h be5 work+ or read+ or m$itat+ on ! ro( ( h] h\se2 b ?is has n sugge/$ itself 9 any in/ance t ,i c rememb]4 ,we h1 z ! sc5e ( ! int]view1 an int]ior :i* is sometimes l an oratory1 sometimes a portico ) op5 arcades2 b m g5]ally a b$room4 ,! pov]ty ( ,joseph & ,m>y1 & _! humble condition 9 life1 are sometimes att5d$ to1 b n always2 =1 accord+ to "o tradition1 ! h\se at ,naz>e? 0 t :i* ,m>y _h inh]it$ f h] p>5ts1 ,joa*im & ,anna1 :o 7 p ( sub/ance4 ,h5ce1 ! pa9t]s _h an excuse = mak+ ! *amb] ri*ly furni%$1 ! portico su/a9$ by m>ble pill>s1 or decorat$ ) sculpture4 ,9 ! ,g]man & ,flemi% pictures1 ! arti/1 true to ! national *>act]i/ic ( nave & lit]al illu/ration1 gives u a ,g]man or a ,go?ic *amb]1 ) a lattice w9d[ ( small panes ( glass1 & a c\* ) pill[s1 or a com=table f\r-po/ b$/ead1 furni%$ ) drap]ies1 ?us imp>t+ to ! :ole sc5e an air ( ! mo/ vivid homely reality4 ,z = ! accessories1 ! mo/ usual1 almo/ indisp5sable1 is ! pot ( lilies1 ! symbolical ,fleur de ,m>ie1 :i* ,i h already expla9$ at l5g?4 ,!re is also a basket conta9+ ne$le "w & implem5ts ( female indu/ry1 z scissors1 c42 n m]ely to express ,m>y's habitual indu/ry1 b because x is relat$ t :5 %e return$ to h] h\se1 %e took ! purple l951 & sat d[n to "w x4 ,! "w-basket is !re=e seldom omitt$4 ,sometimes a di/aff lies at h] feet1 z 9 ,raphael's ,annunciation4 ,9 old ,g]man pictures we h (t5 a sp9n+-:eel4 ,to ^! emblems ( indu/ry is (t5 add$ a basket1 or a di%1 conta9+ fruit2 & ne> x a pit*] ( wat] to express ! temp]ance ( ! bless$ ,virg94 ,!re is grace & mean+ 9 ! introduction ( birds1 always emblems ( ! spiritual4 ,titian places a tame p>tridge at ! feet ( ,m>y1 :i* expresses h] t5d]ness2 b ! introduction ( a cat1 z 9 ,b>roccio's picture1 is insuff]able4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ar*angel ,gabriel1 "o ( ^? :o /& cont9ually 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god1 hav+ receiv$ 8 mission1 desc5ds to e>?4 ,9 ! v e>lie/ repres5tation ( ! ,annunciation1 z an ev5t 7,mosaic1 ,s4 ,m>ia ,maggiore71 we h ?is desc5t ( ! w+$ _s f on high2 & ,i h se5 o!r in/ances4 ,!re is a small & beautiful sket* by ,g>(alo 7,alton ,t[]s71 9 :i*1 f amid/ a flood ( light1 & a *oir ( cele/ial spirits1 su* z ,milton describes z ador+ ! div9e sacrifice proclaim$ = s9ful man 7,p>4 ,lo/1 b4 iii471 ! ar*angel spreads 8 lucid w+s1 & seems j ab\t to take 8 flight to ,naz>e?4 ,he 0 accompani$1 says ! ,italian leg5d1 by a tra9 ( l[] angels1 anxi\s to behold & rev]5ce _! ,que52 ^! rema9$1 h[ev]1 at ! door1 or be=e ! gate1 :ile ,gabriel ent]$4 ,! old ,g]man ma/]s are fond ( repres5t+ him z ent]+ by a door 9 ! backgr\nd1 :ile ! s]5e ,virg91 seat$ 9 front1 seems aw>e ( 8 pres5ce )\t see+ him4 ,9 "s ( ! old pictures1 he comes 9 fly+ f above1 or he is upborne by an effulg5t cl\d1 & surr\nd$ by a glory :i* lights ! :ole picture1--a really cele/ial mess5g]1 z 9 a fresco by ,sp9ello ,aret9o4 ,9 o!rs1 he comes glid+ 91 smoo? slid+ )\t /ep2 sometimes he ent]s l a heav5ly ambassador1 & little angels hold up 8 tra94 ,9 a picture by ,t9toretto1 he comes ru%+ 9 z ^u a :irlw9d1 foll[$ by a legion ( less] angels2 :ile on ! outside ( ! build+1 ,joseph ! c>p5t] is se5 quietly at 8 "w4 7,v5ice1 ,s*ool ( ,s4 ,rocco47 ,b1 :e!r walk+ or fly+1 ,gabriel be>s1 ( c\rse1 ! conv5tional angelic =m1 t ( ! human creature1 w+$1 beautiful1 & radiant ) et]nal y\?1 yet ) a grave & s]i\s mi51 9 ! lat] pictures1 ! drap]y giv5 to ! angel is (f5sively scanty2 8 s&als1 & b>e arms1 & flutt]+ robe1 too mu* l'antique2 he comes 9 ! attitude ( a fly+ ,m]cury1 or a danc] 9 a ballet4 ,b 9 ! e>ly ,italian pictures 8 dress is arrang$ ) a k9d ( solemn propriety3 x is t ( an acolyte1 :ite & full1 & fall+ 9 l>ge folds ov] 8 arms1 & 9 g5]al conceal+ 8 feet4 ,9 ! ,g]man pictures1 he (t5 we>s ! prie/ly robe1 ri*ly embroid]$1 & clasp$ 9 front by a jewel4 ,8 ambrosial curls fall ov] ?is cope 9 hyac9?9e fl[4 ,! w+s are ess5tial1 & nev] omitt$4 ,!y are :ite1 or _m-col\r$1 ey$ l ! peacock's tra91 or b$ropp$ ) gold4 ,he usually be>s ! lily 9 8 h&1 b n always4 ,sometimes x is ! sceptre1 ! anci5t attribute ( a h]ald2 & ?is has a scroll ar\nd x1 ) ! words1 ,ave ,m>ia gratia pl5a6 ,! sceptre or w& is1 occasionally surm\nt$ by a cross4 ,9 g5]al1 ! palm is giv5 to ! angel :o ann\nces ! dea? ( ,m>y4 ,9 "o or two in/ances only ,i h se5 ! palm giv5 to ! angel ,gabriel1 z 9 a pr$ella by ,angelico2 = :i*1 h[ev]1 ! pa9t] _h ! au?ority ( ,dante1 or ,dante "s au?ority e>li] /ill4 ,he says ( ,gabriel1 ,t he bore ! palm ,d[n unto ,m>y :5 ! ,son ( ,god ,v\*saf$ to clo! him 9 t]re/rial we$s4 ,! olive-b\gh has a my/ical s5se :]ev] adopt$3 x is ! symbol ( peace on e>?4 ,(t5 ! angel be>s nei!r lily1 nor sceptre1 nor palm1 nor olive4 ,8 h&s are fold$ on 8 bosom2 or1 ) "o h& /ret*$ =?1 & ! o!r po9t+ upw>ds1 he decl>es 8 mission f on high4 ,9 ! old ,greek pictures1 & 9 ! mo/ anci5t ,italian examples1 ! angel /&s2 z 9 ! picture by ,cimabue1 :]e9 ! ,greek model is v exactly foll[$4 ,accord+ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic belief1 ,m>y is ,que5 ( heav51 & ( angels--! sup]ior be+2 consequ5tly1 !re is propriety 9 mak+ ! angel deliv] 8 message kneel+3 b ev5 accord+ to ! ,prote/ant belief ! attitude w\ld n be unbecom+1 = ! angel1 hav+ utt]$ 8 salutation1 might well pro/rate himself z witness ( ! transc5d+ miracle1 & b5ea? ! ov]%ad[+ pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,n[1 z to ! attitude & occupation ( ,m>y at ! mom5t ! angel ent]$1 au?orities are n agre$4 ,x is usual to exhibit h] z kneel+ 9 pray]1 or read+ ) a l>ge book op5 on a desk be=e h]4 ,/4 ,b]n>d says t %e 0 /udy+ ! book ( ! prophet ,isaiah1 & z %e recit$ ! v]se1 ,behold1 a ,virg9 %all conceive1 & be> a son1 %e ?\ght )9 h] he>t1 9 h] great humility1 ,h[ bless$ ! woman ( :om ^! words are writt56 ,w\ld ,i might be b h] h&maid to s]ve h]1 & all[$1 to kiss h] feet6--:51 9 ! same in/ant1 ! wondr\s vision bur/ ^u h]1 & ! holy prophecy 0 realiz$ 9 h]self4 7,il p]fetto ,leg5d>io47 ,i ?9k x is a manife/ fault to di/urb ! sublime t5or ( ! sc5e by repres5t+ ,m>y z />t+ up 9 al>m2 =1 9 ! fir/ place1 %e 0 accu/om$1 z we h se51 to ! p]petual m9i/ry ( angels1 :o daily & h\rly att5d$ on h]4 ,x is1 inde$1 said t ,m>y 0 tr\bl$2 b x 0 n ! pres5ce1 b ! say+ ( ! angel :i* tr\bl$ h]--x 0 ! "q h[ ?is %\ld be8 7,luke i4 #bi47 ,! attitude1 !re=e1 :i* "s pa9t]s h giv5 to h]1 z if %e _h />t$ f h] seat1 n only 9 t]ror1 b 9 indignation1 is altoge!r misplac$4 ,a signal in/ance is ! /atue ( ! ,virg9 by ,moc*i 9 ! *oir ( ! ca!dral at ,orvieto1 s gr& 9 itself1 & yet s (f5sive z a devotional figure4 ,misplac$ is also1 ,i ?9k1 ! sort ( timid %r9k+ surprise :i* is ! expression 9 "s pictures4 ,! mom5t is mu* too awful1 ! expectance mu* too sublime1 = any su* human1 girli% emotions4 ,if ! pa9t] int5d to express ! mom5t 9 :i* ! angel appe>s & utt]s ! salutation1 ,hail6 !n ,m>y may be /&+1 & h] looks direct$ t[>ds him1 z 9 a f9e maje/ic ,annunciation ( ,&rea del ,s>to4 ,/&+ 0 ! antique attitude ( pray]2 s t if we suppose h] to h be5 int]rupt$ 9 h] devotions1 ! attitude is /ill appropriate4 ,b if t mom5t be *os5 9 :i* %e express$ h] submission to ! div9e w1 ,behold ! h&maid ( ! ,"l6 let x be unto me accord+ to ?y ^w6 !n %e might surely kneel ) b[$ bead1 & fold$ h&s1 & d[nca/ eyes b5ea? ?' almighty ,dove4 ,no attitude c\ld be too humble to express t response2 & ,dante has giv5 u1 z ! mo/ p]fect illu/ration ( ! virtue ( humility1 ! s5tim5t & attitude ( ,m>y :5 submitt+ h]self to ! div9e w4 7,purg4 x41 ,c>y's ,trans47 ,! angel 7:o came d[n to e>? ,) tid+s ( ! peace to _m ye>s ,wept = 9 va91 t op'd ! heav5ly gates ,f _! long int]dict7 be=e u seem'd ,9 a sweet act s sculptur'd to ! life1 ,he look'd no sil5t image4 ,"o _h sworn ,he _h said ',hail6' = ,,%e 0 imag'd !re1 ,by :om ! key did op5 to ,god's love2 ,& 9 h] act z s5sibly impre/ ,t ^w1 ',behold ! h&maid ( ! ,"l1' ,z figure seal'd on wax4 ,& v beautifully has ,flaxman transf]r$ ! sculpture div9ely wr\ght ^u ! rock ( m>ble :ite to e>?ly =m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! pres5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! hi/orical ,annunciations is to be acc\nt$ = by ! words ( ,/4 ,luke1 & ! visible =m ( ! ,dove is conv5tional & au?oriz$4 ,9 _m pictures1 ! cele/ial ,dove ent]s by ! op5 casem5t4 ,sometimes x seems to brood imm$iately ov] ! head ( ! ,virg92 sometimes x hov]s t[>ds h] bosom4 ,z = ! p]petual introduction ( ! emblem ( ! ,padre ,et]no1 se5 above ! sky1 "u ! usual half-figure ( a k+ly anci5t man1 surr\nd$ by a glory ( *]ubim1 & s5d+ =? ^u a beam ( light ! immaculate ,dove1 !re is no?+ to be said b ! usual excuse = ! m$ival arti/s1 t c]ta9ly !re 0 no consci\s irrev]5ce4 ,! old pa9t]s1 great z !y 7 9 art1 liv$ 9 ignorant b zeal\s times--9 times :5 fai? 0 s fix$1 s mu* a "p ( ! life & s\l1 t x 0 n easily %ock$ or %ak52 z x 0 n f\nd$ 9 k or reason1 s no?+ t />tl$ ! reason c\ld impair x4 ,religion1 :i* n[ speaks to u ?r\gh words1 !n spoke to ! p ?r\gh visible =ms univ]sally accept$2 &1 9 ! f9e arts1 we accept su* =ms accord+ to ! feel+ :i* !n exi/$ 9 m5's m9ds1 & :i*1 9 its s9c]ity1 dem&s our respect1 ?\gh n[ we might n1 c\ld n1 tol]ate ! repetition4 ,we mu/ also rememb] t x 0 n 9 ! ages ( ignorance & fai? t we f9d ! grosse/ mat]ialism 9 art4 ,x 0 9 ! le>n$1 half-pagan sixte5? & ! poli%$ sev5te5? c5tury1 t ?is mat]ializ$ !ology became mo/ (f5sive4 ,( all ! arti/s :o h s9n$ 9 ! ,annunciation--& !y are _m--,nicol ,p\ss9 is p]haps ! wor/4 ,yet he 0 a good1 a pi\s man1 z well z a le>n$ & accompli%$ pa9t]4 ,all ?r\gh ! hi/ory ( ! art1 ! ,fr5* %[ !mselves z ! mo/ signal violators ( good ta/e1 & :at !y h inv5t$ a ^w =--bi5sance4 ,!y are worse ?an ! old ,g]mans2 worse ?an ! mod]n ,spani>ds--& t is say+ mu*4 ,9 ,raphael's ,annunciation1 ,m>y is seat$ 9 a recl9+ attitude1 lean+ aga9/ ! side ( h] c\*1 & hold+ a book4 ,! angel1 ^: attitude expresses a graceful empressem5t1 kneels at "s di/ance1 hold+ ! lily4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mi*ael ,angelo gives u a mo/ maje/ic ,virg9 /&+ on ! /eps ( a prie-,dieu1 & turn+ ) h&s uprais$ t[>ds ! angel1 :o appe>s to h ent]$ by ! op5 door2 8 figure is mo/ clumsy & mat]ial1 & 8 attitude unmean+ & ungraceful4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 ! only in/ance 9 :i* ,mi*ael ,angelo has giv5 w+s to an angelic be+3 = "h !y c\ld n be disp5s$ )4 ,9 a beautiful ,annunciation by ,johan ,van ,eyck 7,muni* ,gal41 ,cab9et iii4 #ce71 ! ,virg9 kneels at a desk ) a book be=e h]4 ,%e has long fair hair1 & a noble intellectual br[4 ,gabriel1 hold+ 8 sceptre1 /&s 9 ! door-way4 ,! ,dove ent]s by ! lattice4 ,a b$ is 9 ! backgr\nd1 & 9 front a pot ( lilies4 ,9 ano!r ,annunciation by ,van ,eyck1 pa9t$ on ! ,gh5t alt>-piece1 we h ! my/ic1 n ! hi/orical1 repres5tation1 & a v beautiful effect is produc$ by clo?+ bo? ! angel & ,m>y 9 robes ( pure :ite4 7,b]l9 ,gal41 #ebj1 #eba47 ,9 an engrav+ aft] ,rembr&t1 ! ,virg9 kneels by a f\nta91 & ! angel kneels on ! opposite side4 ,?is seems to express ! leg5d>y sc5e4 ,^! few obs]vations on ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! !me1 :e!r my/ical or hi/orical1 w1 ,i hope1 assi/ ! obs]v] 9 discrim9at+ = himself4 ,i mu/ n v5ture fur!r1 = we h a wide range ( subjects be=e u4 ,,! ,,visitation4 ,ital4 ,la ,visitazione di ,m>ia4 ,fr4 ,la ,visitation de la ,vi]ge ,g]4 ,die ,heimsu*ung ,m>i4 ,july #b4 ,aft] ! ,annunciation ( ! angel1 ! ,scripture goes on to relate h[ ,m>y arose & w5t up into ! hill c\ntry ) ha/e1 to ! h\se ( h] c\s9 ,elizabe?1 & salut$ h]4 ,?is meet+ ( ! two k9swom5 is ! subject /yl$ 9 art ! ,visitation1 & sometimes ! ,salutation ( ,elizabe?4 ,x is ( consid]able importance1 9 a s]ies ( ! life ( ! ,virg91 z an ev5t2 & also1 :5 tak5 sep>ately 9 its religi\s significance1 z be+ ! fir/ recognition ( ! "* ( ! ,messiah4 ,:5ce is ?is to me1 exclaims ,elizabe?1 t ! "m ( my ,"l %\ld come to me8 7,luke i4 #dc72 & z %e spoke ?is ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & n ?r\gh k1 %e is consid]$ 9 ! light ( a prophetess4 ,( ,elizabe? ,i mu/ premise a few words1 because 9 _m repres5tations relat+ to ! life ( ! ,virg91 & p>ticul>ly 9 ^? dome/ic gr\ps1 ! ,holy ,families prop]ly s call$1 %e is a p]sonage ( great importance1 & we ought to be able1 by "s preconceiv$ idea ( h] be>+ & "*1 to te/ ! propriety ( t imp]sonation usually adopt$ by ! arti/s4 ,we mu/ rememb] t %e 0 mu* old] ?an h] c\s91 a woman well /rick5 9 ye>s2 b x is a1 great mi/ake to repres5t h] z old1 z wr9kl$ & decrepit1 z "s pa9t]s h done4 ,we are told t %e 0 righte\s be=e ! ,"l1 walk+ 9 all 8 comm&m5ts blameless3 ! mann] 9 :i* %e receiv$ ! visit ( ,m>y1 ackn[l$g+ ) a glad humility ! high] de/9ies ( h] "y relative1 %[ h] to h be5 free f all envy & jeal\sy4 ,!re=e all pictures ( ,elizabe? %\ld exhibit h] z an eld]ly1 b n an ag$ matron2 a dignifi$1 mild1 & graci\s creature2 "o select$ to high hon\r by ! ,se>*] ( he>ts1 :o1 look+ d[n on h]s1 _h beheld x pure f any secret ta9t ( selfi%ness1 ev5 z h] conduct _h be5 blameless be=e man4#a ,footnote #a3 ,= a full acc\nt ( ! leg5ds relat+ to ,elizabe?1 ! "m ( ! ,bapti/1 see ! f\r? s]ies ( ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* a woman z we believe ,m>y to h be5 mu/ h lov$ & hon\r$ su* a woman z ,elizabe?4 ,:]e=e1 hav+ he>d t ,elizabe? _h be5 exalt$ to a miracul\s mo!rhood1 %e made ha/e to visit h]1 n to ask h] advice1--= be+ grac$ ) all good gifts ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & h]self ! "m ( ,wisdom1 %e c\ld n ne$ advice1--b to sympa?ize ) h] c\s9 & reveal :at _h happ5$ to h]self4 ,?us !n !y met1 ^! two mo!rs ( two great pr9ces1 ( :om "o 0 pron\nc$ ! greate/ born ( woman1 & ! o!r 0 8 ,"l3 happie/ & mo/ exalt$ ( all womank9d be=e or s9ce1 ne$s mu/ !y h disc\rs$ l s]aphim & ! mo/ ec/asi$ ord] ( ,intellig5ces6 ,su* 0 ! bless$ enc\nt] repres5t$ 9 ! ,visitation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! numb] ( ! figures1 ! locality & circum/ances1 v>y greatly4 ,sometimes we h only ! two wom51 )\t accessories ( any k9d1 & no?+ int]f]es ) ! high solemnity ( t mom5t 9 :i* ,elizabe? confesses ! "m ( h] ,"l4 ,! bett] to express ?is will+ homage1 ?is mom5t\s prophecy1 %e is (t5 kneel+4 ,o!r figures are frequ5tly introduc$1 because x c\ld n be suppos$ t ,m>y made ! j\rney f ,naz>e? to ! dwell+ ( ,za*>ias ne> ,j]usalem1 a di/ance ( fifty miles1 alone4 ,:e!r h] husb& ,joseph accompani$ h]1 is d\btful2 & :ile _m arti/s h introduc$ him1 o!rs h omitt$ him altoge!r4 ,accord+ to ! anci5t ,greek =mula laid d[n = ! religi\s pa9t]s1 ,m>y is accompani$ by a s]vant or a boy1 :o c>ries a /ick across 8 %\ld]1 & a basket slung to x4 ,! old ,italians :o foll[$ ! ,byzant9e models seldom omit ?is att5dant1 b 9 "s in/ances 7z 9 ! magnific5t composition ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,bromley1 ( ,woott57 a h&maid be>+ a basket on h] head is sub/itut$ = ! boy4 ,9 _m in/ances ,joseph1 attir$ z a travell]1 appe>s beh9d ! ,virg91 & ,za*>ias1 9 8 prie/ly turban & co/ume1 beh9d ,elizabe?4 ,! locality is (t5 an op5 por* or a g>d5 9 front ( a h\se2 & ?is g>d5 ( ,za*>ias is celebrat$ 9 ,ea/]n tradition4 ,x is relat$ t ! bless$ ,virg91 dur+ h] resid5ce ) h] c\s9 ,elizabe?1 frequ5tly recreat$ h]self by walk+ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,za*>ias1 :ile %e m$itat$ on ! /range & l(ty de/9y to :i* %e 0 appo9t$2 & f>!r1 t happ5+ "o day to t\* a c]ta9 fl[]1 :i* grew !re1 ) h] mo/ bless$ h&1 f be+ inodor\s be=e1 x became f t mom5t delici\sly fragrant4 ,! g>d5 !re=e 0 a fit place = ! meet+4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,! e>lie/ repres5tation ( ! ,visitation to :i* ,i c ref] is a rude b n ungraceful draw+1 9 ! ,catacombs at ,rome1 ( two wom5 embrac+4 ,x is n ( v high antiquity1 p]haps ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury1 b !re c be s d\bt ab\t ! subject4 7,cemet]y ( ,julius1 v4 ,bosio1 ,roma sott]ana47 #b4 ,cimabue has foll[$ ! ,greek =mula1 & 8 simple gr\p appe>s to me to h great feel+ & simplicity4 #c4 ,m mod]n in/ances1 f ! date ( ! revival ( art1 ab\nd 9 e =m4 ,almo/ e pa9t] :o has treat$ subjects f ! life ( ! ,virg9 has treat$ ! ,visitation4 ,9 ! composition by ,raphael 7,madrid ,gal47 !re are ! two figures only2 & ,i %\ld object to ?is o!rwise p]fect picture1 ! ba%ful consci\s look ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,! heads are1 h[ev]1 em95tly beautiful & dignifi$4 ,9 ! f> backgr\nd is se5 ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/--v happily & significantly introduc$1 n m]ely z express+ ! "n ( ! vot>y :o d$icat$ ! picture1 ,giovan-,batti/a ,branconio1 b also z express+ ! relation betwe5 ! two unborn ,*ildr5--! ,*ri/ & 8 ,prophet4 #d4 ,! gr\p by ,seba/ian del ,piombo is s+ul>ly gr&1 %[+ 9 e "p ! influ5ce ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1 b ri*ly col\r$ 9 ,seba/ian's be/ mann]4 ,! figures are se5 only to ! knees4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 ,za*>ias is se5 hurry+ d[n "s /eps to receive ! ,virg94#a ,footnote #a3 ,l\vre1 #abbd4 ,!re is1 9 ! ,l\vre1 ano!r ,visitation ( s+ul> & *>act]i/ic beauty by ,d4 ,ghirl&ajo4 #e4 ,! gr\p by ,p9turic*io1 ) ! att5dant angels1 is rem>kable = its poetic grace2 & t by ,lucas v4 ,leyd5 is equally rem>kable = affectionate s5tim5t4 #f4 ,/ill m beautiful1 & m dramatic & v>i$1 is ano!r composition by ,p9turic*io 9 ! ,sala ,borgia4 7,vatican1 ,rome47 ,! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,elizabe?1 9 ! c5tre1 take ea* o!r's h&s4 ,beh9d ! ,virg9 is ,/4 ,joseph1 a maid5 ) a basket on h] head1 & o!r att5dants4 ,beh9d ,/4 ,elizabe?1 we h a view into ! int]ior ( h] h\se1 ?r\gh arcades ri*ly sculptur$2 & )91 ,za*>ias is read+1 & ! h&maids ( ,elizabe?1 are sp9n+ & sew+4 ,?is elegant fresco 0 pa9t$ = ,alex&] ,,vi4 #g4 ,!re is a f9e picture ( ?is subject1 by ,&rea ,sabatt9i ( ,sal]no1 ! hi/ory ( :i* is r curi\s4 ,x 0 pa9t$ at ! reque/ ( ! ,sansev]9i1 pr9ces ( ,sal]no1 to be pres5t$ to a nunn]y1 9 :i* "o ( t noble family _h tak5 ! veil4 ,"u ! =m ( ! bless$ ,virg91 ,&rea repres5t$ ! la/ pr9cess ( ,sal]no1 :o 0 ( ! family ( ,villa ,m>9a2 "u t ( ,/4 ,joseph1 ! pr9ce h] husb&2 an old s]vant ( ! family figures z ,/4 ,elizabe?2 & 9 ! features ( ,za*>ias we recognize ^? ( ,b]n>do ,tasso1 ! fa!r ( ,torquato ,tasso1 & !n secret>y to ! pr9ce ( ,sal]no4 ,aft] rema9+ = _m ye>s ov] ! high alt> ( ! *ur*1 x 0 remov$ ?r\gh ! scruples ( "o ( ! ,neapolitan ar*bi%ops1 :o 0 sc&aliz$ by ! impropriety ( plac+ ! portraits ( well-kn[n p]sonages 9 su* a situation4 ,! picture1 once remov$ f its place1 disappe>$1 & by "s means f\nd its way to ! ,l\vre4 ,&rea1 :o 0 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ! s*ol>s ( ,raphael1 di$ 9 #aede4a ,footnote #a3 ,?is picture is ?us describ$ 9 ! old catalogues ( ! ,l\vre 7,no4 #abjg72 b is n to be f\nd 9 t ( ,villot4 #h4 ,! composition by ,rub5s has all t sc5ic effect & dramatic movem5t :i* 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! pa9t]4 ,! meet+ takes place on a flight ( /eps lead+ to ! h\se ( ,za*>ias4 ,! ,virg9 we>s a hat1 z "o j arriv$ f a j\rney2 ,joseph & ,za*>ias greet ea* o!r2 a maid5 ) a basket on h] head foll[s2 & 9 ! =egr\nd a man unloads ! ass4 ,i w m5tion two o!r example1 ea* p]fect 9 its way1 9 two mo/ opposite /yles ( treatm5t4 #i4 ,! fir/ is ! simple maje/ic composition ( ,alb]t9elli4 7,flor5ce ,gal47 ,! two wom51 /&+ alone "u a ri*ly sculptur$ ar*1 & reliev$ aga9/ ! bright azure sky1 embrace ea* o!r4 ,!re are no accessories4 ,m>y is attir$ 9 d>k-blue drap]y1 & ,elizabe? we>s an ample robe ( a saffron or r amb] col\r4 ,! m+l$ gr&eur1 p[]1 & grace1 & dep? ( expression 9 ^! two figures1 are q extraord9>y2 !y look l :at !y are1 & wor?y to be mo!rs ( ! greate/ ( k+s & ! greate/ ( prophets4 ,alb]t9elli has "h emulat$ 8 fri5d ,b>tolomeo--8 fri5d1 :om he s lov$1 t :51 aft] ! horrible execution ( ,savon>ola1 ,b>tolomeo1 brok5-he>t$1 ?rew himself into ! conv5t ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,alb]t9elli became almo/ di/ract$ & desp]ate4 ,he w\ld c]ta9ly1 says ,vas>i1 h gone into ! same conv5t1 b = ! hatr$ be bore ! monks1 ( :om he 0 always say+ ! mo/ injuri\s ?+s4 ,?r\gh "s hidd5 influ5ce ( int5se sympa?y1 ,alb]t9elli1 ?\gh 9 po9t ( "* ! v antipodes ( 8 fri5d1 (t5 pa9t$ s l him1 t 8 pictures--& ?is noble picture m p>ticul>ly--might be mi/ak5 = ! "w ( ! ,frate4 99 99 99 99 99 #aj4 ,we w n[ turn to a conception altoge!r diff]5t1 & equally a ma/]piece2 x is ! small b exquisitely f9i%$ composition by ,rembr&t4 7,grosv5or ,gal47 ,! sc5e is ! g>d5 9 front ( ! h\se ( ,za*>ias2 ,elizabe? is desc5d+ ! /eps 9 ha/e to receive & embrace ) out/ret*$ arms ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :o appe>s to h j alight$ f h] j\rney4 ,! ag$ ,za*>ias1 support$ by a y\?1 is se5 foll[+ ,elizabe? to welcome _! gue/4 ,beh9d ,m>y /&s a black female att5dant1 9 ! act ( remov+ a mantle f h] %\ld]s2 9 ! backgr\nd a s]vant1 or 7z ,i ?9k7 ,joseph1 holds ! ass on :i* ,m>y has j\rney$2 a peacock ) a gem-l tra91 & a h5 ) a brood ( *ick5s 7! latt] ! emblem ( mat]nity71 are 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,?\gh ! repres5tation ?us conceiv$ appe>s l a sc5e ( e-day life1 no?+ c be m poetical ?an ! treatm5t1 m int5sely true & noble ?an ! expression ( ! dim9utive figures1 m ma/]ly & f9i%$ ?an ! execution1 m magical & lu/r\s ?an ! effect ( ! :ole4 ,! "w ( ,alb]t9elli1 9 its l>ge & solemn beauty & religi\s significance1 is wor?y ( be+ plac$ ov] an alt>1 on :i* we might (f] up ! "w ( ,rembr&t z m5 (f] inc5se1 gems1 & gold4 ,z ! ,visitation is n easily mi/ak51 ,i h said en\gh ( x "h2 & we pass to ! next subject1--,! ,dream ( ,joseph4 99 99 99 99 99 ,al?\gh ! fea/ ( ! ,visitation is fix$ = ! #b;d ( ,july1 x 01 & is1 a receiv$ op9ion1 t ,m>y began h] j\rney to ! hill c\ntry b a %ort "t1 ev5 a few days1 aft] ! ,annunciation ( ! angel4 ,x 0 ! six? mon? ) ,elizabe?1 & ,m>y soj\rn$ ) h] ?ree mon?s4 ,h5ce x is suppos$1 by _m comm5tators1 t ,m>y mu/ h be5 pres5t at ! bir? ( ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,x may seem surpris+ t ! e>ly pa9t]s %\ld n h made use ( ?is supposition4 ,i am n aw>e t !re exi/s among ! num]\s repres5tations ( ! bir? ( ,/4 ,john1 any in/ance ( ! ,virg9 be+ introduc$2 x %\ld seem t ! l(ty ideas ent]ta9$ ( ! ,mat] ,dei r5d]$ x impossible to place h] 9 a sc5e :]e %e w\ld necess>ily take a subord9ate position3 ?is ,i ?9k suffici5tly acc\nts = h] abs5ce4#a ,m>y !n return$ to h] own dwell+ at ,naz>e?2 & :5 ,joseph 7:o 9 ^! leg5d>y /ories is con/antly repres5t$ z a h\se-c>p5t] & build]1 & travell+ ab\t to ex]cise 8 trade 9 v>i\s places7 also came back to 8 home1 & beheld 8 wife1 ! suspicion ent]$ 8 m9d t %e 0 ab\t to become a "m1 & v naturally 8 m9d 0 tr\bl$ ) sorr[ & insecure appreh5sions2 b be+ a j man1 t is1 accord+ to ! ,scriptures & o!r wise writ]s1 a good1 a *>itable man1 he w\ld n op5ly disgrace h]1 = he f\nd x m agreeable to ju/ice to treat an (f5d+ p]son ) ! easie/ s5t5ce1 ?an to r5d] h] desp]ate1 & )\t rem$y1 & provok$ by ! suff]+ ( ! wor/ ( :at %e c\ld fe>4 ,no obligation to ju/ice c =ce a man to be cruel2 pity1 & =be>ance1 & long-suff]+1 & fair int]pretation1 & excus+ our bro!r 7& our si/]71 & tak+ ?+s 9 ! be/ s5se1 & pass+ ! g5tle/ s5t5ce1 are z c]ta9ly our duty1 & ow+ to e p]son :o does (f5d & c rep5t1 z call+ m5 to acc\nt c be ow+ to ! law4 7v4 ,bi%op ,taylor's ,life ( ,*ri/47 ,?us says ! good ,bi%op ,taylor1 prais+ ,joseph1 t he 0 too truly j to call furi\sly = ju/ice1 & t1 waiv+ ! kill+ lett] ( ! law1 he 0 m9d$ to dismiss 8 wife privily2 & 9 ?is he emulat$ ! m]cy ( 8 div9e fo/]-,son1 :o did n cruelly condemn ! woman :om he knew to be guilty1 b dismiss$ h] to rep5t & s9 no m4 ,b :ile ,joseph 0 pond]+ ?us 9 8 he>t1 ! angel ( ! ,"l1 ! pr9ce ( angels1 ev5 ,gabriel1 appe>$ to him 9 a dream1 say+1 ,joseph1 ?\ son ( ,david1 fe> n to take unto !e ,m>y ?y wife6 & he awoke & obey$ t div9e voice4 ,footnote #a3 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 9 ! ,liv]pool ,museum1 a v exquisite m9iature ( ! bir? ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 9 :i* ! female figure /&+ ne> repres5ts1 ,i ?9k1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,x 0 cut out ( a *oral book ( ! ,si5a s*ool4 ,?is fir/ vision ( ! angel is n 9 works ( art easily di/+ui%$ f ! second vision b !re is a *>m+ fresco by ,lu9i1 :i* c be> no o!r int]pretation4 ,joseph is seat$ by ! c>p5t]'s b5*1 & leans 8 head on 8 h& slumb]+4 7,milan1 ,br]a47 ,an angel /&s by him po9t+ to ,m>y :o is se5 at a w9d[ above1 busi$ ) ne$lework4 ,on wak+ f ?is vision1 ,joseph1 says ! leg5d1 entreat$ =giv5ess ( ,m>y = hav+ wrong$ h] ev5 9 ?\ght4 ,?is is a subject q unkn[n1 ,i believe1 be=e ! fifte5? c5tury1 & n commonly met ) s9ce1 b !re are "s in/ances4 ,on "o ( ! c>v$ /alls ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,ami5s x is v poetically treat$4 7,/alles d',ami5s1 p4 #bje47 ,m>y is seat$ on a ?rone "u a magnific5t canopy2 ,joseph1 kneel+ be=e h] & pres5t$ by two angels1 pleads = p>don4 ,%e ext5ds "o h& to him2 9 ! o!r is ! volume ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,!re is a simil> v]sion ( ! text 9 sculpture ov] "o ( ! doors ( ,notre-,dame at ,p>is4 ,!re is also a picture by ,aless&ro ,ti>9i 7,le rep5tir de ,sa9t ,joseph1 ,l\vre1 #daf71 & reckon$ by ,malvasia1 8 f9e/ "w1 :]e9 ,joseph kneels be=e ! ,virg91 :o /&s ) a dignifi$ air1 &1 :ile %e raises him ) "o h&1 po9ts ) ! o!r up to heav54 ,beh9d is se5 ! angel ,gabriel ) 8 f+] on 8 lip1 z comm&+ sil5ce1 & two o!r angels4 ,! figures are life-size1 ! execution & col\r v f9e2 ! :ole conception 9 ! gr& b mann]$ /yle ( ! ,guido s*ool4 ,,! ,,nativity4 ,ital4 ,il ,presepio4 ,il ,nascim5to del ,no/ro ,signore4 ,fr4 ,la ,nativit4 ,g]4 ,die ,geburt ,*ri/i4 ,dec4 #be4 ,! bir? ( our ,savi\r is relat$ ) *>act]i/ic simplicity & brevity 9 ! ,gospels2 b 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian traditions ?is great ev5t is prec$$ & accompani$ by sev]al circum/ances :i* h assum$ a c]ta9 importance & int]e/ 9 ! arti/ic repres5tations4 ,accord+ to an anci5t leg5d1 ! ,emp]or ,augu/us ,cs> repair$ to ! sibyl ,tiburt9a1 to inquire :e!r he %\ld cons5t to all[ himself to be wor%ipp$ ) div9e hon\rs1 :i* ! ,s5ate _h decre$ to him4 ,! sibyl1 aft] "s days ( m$itation1 took ! ,emp]or ap>t1 & %[$ him an alt>2 & above ! alt>1 9 ! op5+ heav5s1 & 9 a glory ( light1 he beheld a beautiful ,virg9 hold+ an ,infant 9 h] arms1 & at ! same "t a voice 0 he>d say+1 ,?is is ! alt> ( ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god2 :]eupon ,augu/us caus$ an alt> to be erect$ on ! ,capitol9e ,hill1 ) ?is inscription1 ,ara primog5iti ,dei2 & on ! same spot1 9 lat] times1 0 built ! *ur* call$ ! ,ara-,coeli1 well kn[n1 ) its flight ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty-f\r m>ble /eps1 to all :o h visit$ ,rome4 ,( ! sibyls1 g5]ally1 9 _! relation to sacr$ art1 ,i h already spok54#a ,?is p>ticul> prophecy ( ! ,tiburt9e sibyl to ,augu/us re/s on "s v antique traditions1 pagan z well z ,*ri/ian4 ,x is suppos$ to h sugge/$ ! ,pollio ( ,virgil1 :i* sugge/$ ! ,messiah ( ,pope4 ,x is m5tion$ by writ]s ( ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies1 & our own div9es h n :olly reject$ x1 = ,bi%op ,taylor m5tions ! sibyl's prophecy among ! great & glori\s accid5ts happ5+ ab\t ! bir? ( ,jesus4 7,life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 sec4 #d47 ,footnote #a3 ,introduction4 ,! p]sonal "* & hi/ory ( ! ,sibyls w be treat$ 9 detail 9 ! f\r? s]ies ( ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art4 ,a v rude b curi\s bas-relief pres]v$ 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,ara-,coeli is p]haps ! olde/ repres5tation extant4 ,! ,*ur* leg5d assigns to x a fabul\s antiquity2 b x mu/ be old] ?an ! twelf? c5tury1 z x is allud$ to by writ]s ( t p]iod4 ,"h ! ,emp]or ,augu/us kneels be=e ! ,madonna & ,*ild & at 8 side is ! sibyl1 ,tiburt9a1 po9t+ upw>ds4 ,s9ce ! revival ( art1 ! incid5t has be5 frequ5tly treat$4 ,x 0 pa9t$ by ,cavall9i1 ab\t #acdj1 on ! vault ( ! *oir ( ! ,ara-,coeli4 ,9 ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 x became a fav\rite subject4 ,x admitt$ ( ^? classical =ms1 & t m+l+ ( ! hea!n & ! ,*ri/ian 9 /yle & co/ume1 :i* 7 calculat$ to please ! *ur*m5 & arti/s ( ! "t1 & ! examples are innum]able4 ,! mo/ celebrat$1 ,i believe1 is ! fresco by ,baldass>e ,p]uzzi1 9 :i* ! figure ( ! sibyl is c]ta9ly v maje/ic1 b ! re/ ( ! gr\p utt]ly vulg> & commonplace4 7,si5a1 ,fonte ,giu/a47 ,less fam\s1 b on ! :ole pref]able 9 po9t ( ta/e1 is ! gr\p by ,g>(alo1 9 ! palace ( ! ,quir9al2 & !re is ano!r by ,titian1 9 :i* ! sc5e is laid 9 a f9e l&scape aft] 8 mann]4 ,vas>i m5tions a c>toon ( ?is subject1 pa9t$ by ,rosso = ,francis ,i41 among ! be/ ?+s ,rosso ev] produc$1 & introduc+ ! ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,france1 _! gu>ds1 & a conc\rse ( p1 z spectators ( ! sc5e4 ,9 "s in/ances ! locality is a temple1 ) an alt>1 be=e :i* kneels ! ,emp]or1 hav+ laid ^u x 8 sceptre & laurel cr[n3 ! sibyl po9ts to ! vision se5 ?r\gh a w9d[ above4 ,i ?9k x is s repres5t$ 9 a l>ge picture at ,hampton ,c\rt1 by ,pietro da ,cortona4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! sibyll9e prophecy is suppos$ to h occurr$ a %ort tune be=e ! ,nativity1 ab\t ! same p]iod :5 ! decree w5t =? t all ! _w %\ld be tax$4 ,joseph1 !re=e1 arose & saddl$ 8 ass1 & set 8 wife ^u x1 & w5t up f ,naz>e? to ,be?lehem4 ,! way 0 long1 & /eep1 & we>y2 & :5 ,joseph look$ back1 he saw ! face ( ,m>y t x 0 sorr[ful1 z ( "o 9 pa92 b :5 he look$ back aga91 %e smil$4 ,& :5 !y1 7 come to ,be?lehem1 !re 0 no room = !m 9 ! inn1 because ( ! great conc\rse ( p4 ,& ,m>y said to ,joseph1 ,take me d[n = ,i suff]4 7,protevangelion47 ,! j\rney to ,be?lehem1 & ! grief & p]plexity ( ,joseph1 h be5 (t5 repres5t$4 #a4 ,!re exi/s a v anci5t ,greek c>v+ 9 ivory1 :]e9 ,m>y is seat$ on ! ass1 ) an expression ( suff]+1 & ,joseph t5d]ly su/a9s h]2 %e has "o arm r\nd 8 neck1 lean+ on him3 an angel leads ! ass1 light+ ! way ) a tor*4 ,x is suppos$ t ?is curi\s relic =m$ "p ( ! ornam5ts ( ! ivory ?rone ( ! ,ex>* ( ,rav5na1 & t x is at lea/ z old z ! six? c5tury4#a #b4 ,!re is an in/ance m dramatic 9 an engrav+ aft] a ma/] ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,m>y1 seat$ on ! ass1 & hold+ ! bridle1 raises h] eyes to heav5 ) an expression ( resignation2 ,joseph1 cap 9 h&1 humbly expo/ulates ) ! ma/] ( ! inn1 :o po9ts t[>ds ! /able2 ! innkeep]'s wife looks up at ! ,virg9 ) a /rong expression ( pity & sympa?y4 #c4 ,i rememb] ano!r pr9t ( ! same subject1 :]e1 9 ! backgr\nd1 angels are se5 prep>+ ! cradle 9 a cave4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is engrav$ 9 ,gori's ,!saurus1 & describ$ 9 ,mnt]'s ,s9nbild]4 ,i may z well add t ! ,virg91 9 ?is "* ( my/]i\s1 & religi\s1 & mo/ pure mat]nity1 is v5]at$ "u ! title ( ,la ,madonna del ,p>to4#a ,footnote #a3 ,e "o :o has visit$ ,naples w rememb] ! *ur* on ! ,m]gell9a1 d$icat$ to ! ,madonna del ,p>to1 :]e lies1 b5ea? 8 pagan tomb1 ! poet ,sannazz>o4 ,mr4 ,hallam1 9 a beautiful passage ( 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,lit]ature ( ,europe1 has po9t$ out ! influ5ce ( ! g5ius ( ,tasso on ! :ole s*ool ( ,bolognese pa9t]s ( t "t4 ,n less /rik+ 0 ! influ5ce ( ,sannazz>o & 8 fam\s poem on ! ,nativity 7,de ,"p ,virg9is71 on ! contempor>y productions ( ,italian art1 & m p>ticul>ly z reg>ds ! subject "u consid]ation3 ,i c trace x ?r\gh all ! s*ools ( art1 f ,milan to ,naples1 dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,( ,sannazz>o's poem1 ,mr4 ,hallam says1 t x w\ld be difficult to f9d its equal = purity1 elegance1 & h>mony ( v]sification4 ,x is n ! less true1 t ev5 its greate/ m]its z a ,lat9 poem ex]cis$ ! mo/ p]v]se influ5ce on ! religi\s art ( t p]iod4 ,x 01 inde$1 only "o ( ! _m influ5ces :i* may be said to h demoraliz$ ! arti/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 b x 0 "o ( ! greate/4 ,! ,nativity ( our ,savi\r1 l ! ,annunciation1 has be5 treat$ 9 two ways1 z a my/]y & z an ev5t1 & we mu/ be c>eful to discrim9ate betwe5 !m4 ,,! ,,nativity ,,z ,a ,,my/]y4 ,9 ! fir/ s5se ! arti/ has int5d$ simply to express ! adv5t ( ! ,div9ity on e>? 9 ! =m ( an ,infant1 & ! motif is cle>ly tak5 f a text 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,virg91 ,virgo quem g5uit1 adoravit4 ,9 ! beautiful words ( ,j]emy ,taylor1 ,%e bless$ him1 %e wor%ipp$ him1 & %e ?ank$ him t he w\ld be born ( h]2 z1 inde$1 _m a "y "m has done be=e & s9ce1 :5 %e has hung 9 adoration ov] ! cradle ( h] fir/-born *ild2--b "h ! *ild 0 to be a desc5d$ ,god2 & no?+1 z x seems to me1 c be m graceful & m pr(\ndly sugge/ive ?an ! mann] 9 :i* "s ( ! e>ly ,italian arti/s h express$ ?is idea4 ,:51 9 su* pictures1 ! locality is m>k$ by ! poor /able1 or ! r\gh rocky cave1 x becomes a temple full ( religion1 full ( glory1 :]e angels are ! m9i/]s1 ! holy ,virg9 ! wor%ipp]1 & ,*ri/ ! ,deity4 ,v few accessories are admitt$1 m]ely su* z s]ve to d5ote t ! subject is a ,nativity1 prop]ly s call$1 & n ! ,madre ,pia1 z already describ$4 ,! div9e ,infant lies 9 ! c5tre ( ! picture1 sometimes on a :ite napk91 sometimes ) no o!r b$ ?an ! fl[]y turf2 sometimes 8 head re/s on a :eat-%eaf1 always "h int]pret$ z ! bread ( life4 ,he places 8 f+] on 8 lip1 :i* expresses ! ,v]bum sum 7or1 ,v]e ,v]bum hoc e/ abbreviatum71 ,i am ! ^w1 or ,i am ! bread ( life 7,ego sum panis ille vit4 ,john vi4 #dh71 & fixes 8 eyes on ! heav5s above1 :]e ! angels are s++ ! ,gloria 9 excelsis4 ,9 "o in/ance1 ,i rememb]1 an angel holds up ! cross be=e him2 9 ano!r1 he grasps x 9 8 h&2 or x is a nail1 or ! cr[n ( ?orns1 anticipative ( 8 e>?ly de/9y4 ,! ,virg9 kneels on "o side2 ,/4 ,joseph1 :5 introduc$1 kneels on ! o!r2 & frequ5tly angels unite ) !m 9 ! act ( adoration1 or su/a9 ! new-born ,*ild4 ,9 ?is poetical v]sion ( ! subject1 ,lor5zo di ,cr$i1 ,p]ug9o1 ,francia1 & ,bell9i1 excell$ all o!rs#a4 ,lor5zo1 9 p>ticul>1 became q r5[n$ = ! mann] 9 :i* he treat$ x1 & a numb] ( beautiful compositions f 8 h& exi/ 9 ! ,flor5t9e & o!r gall]ies4 ,footnote #a3 ,!re are also mo/ *>m+ examples 9 sculpture by ,luca della ,robbia1 ,donatello1 & o!r ma/]s ( ! ,flor5t9e s*ool4 ,!re are in/ances 9 :i* att5dant sa9ts & vot>ies are introduc$ z behold+ & ador+ ?is great my/]y4 #a4 ,= in/ance1 9 a picture by ,cima1 ,tobit & ! angel are introduc$ on "o side1 & ,/4 ,hel5a & ,/4 ,ca!r9e on ! o!r4 #b4 ,9 a picture by ,francia 7,bologna ,gal471 ! ,infant1 recl9+ ^u a :ite napk91 is ador$ by ! kneel+ ,virg91 by ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & by two angels also kneel+4 ,! vot>y1 ,antonio ,galeazzo ,b5tivoglio1 = :om ! picture 0 pa9t$1 kneels 9 ! habit ( a pilgrim4#a ,he _h lately return$ f a pilgrimage to ,j]usalem & ,be?lehem1 ?us poetically express$ 9 ! sc5e ( ! ,nativity1 & ! picture 0 d$icat$ z an act ( ?anksgiv+ z well z ( fai?4 ,/4 ,joseph & ,/4 ,francis /& on "o side2 on ! o!r is a %eph]d cr[n$ ) laurel4 ,francia1 accord+ to tradition1 pa9t$ 8 own portrait z ,/4 ,francis2 & 8 fri5d ! poet1 ,girolamo ,casio de' ,m$ici1 z ! %eph]d4 #c4 ,9 a l>ge & fam\s ,nativity by ,giulio ,romano 7,l\vre1 #bic71 :i* once belong$ to our ,*>les ,i41 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/1 & ,/4 ,long9us 7:o pi]c$ our ,savi\r's side ) 8 lance71 are /&+ on ea* side z two witnesses to ! div9ity ( ,*ri/2--"h /rangely en\gh plac$ on a p>3 b we are rem9d$ t ,long9us _h lately be5 inaugurat$ z patron ( ,mantua1 7v4 ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 ,footnote #a3 ,an excell5t lik5ess1 says ,vas>i4 ,x is engrav$ z su* 9 ,litta's ,memorials ( ! ,b5tivogli4 ,girolamo ,casio receiv$ ! laurel cr[n f ! h& ( ,clem5t ,,vii4 9 #aebc4 ,a beautiful votive ,madonna1 d$icat$ by ,girolamo ,casio & 8 son ,giacomo1 & pa9t$ by ,beltraffio1 is 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,9 a tripty* by ,hans ,heml+ 7,b]l9 ,gal47 we h 9 ! c5tre ! ,*ild1 ador$1 z usual1 by ! ,virg9 "m & att5d+ angels1 ! vot>y also kneel+3 9 ! comp>tm5t on ! "r1 we f9d ! manife/ation ( ! ,r$eem] to ! we/ exhibit$ 9 ! prophecy ( ! sibyl to ,augu/us2 on ! left1 ! manife/ation ( ! ,r$eem] to ! ea/ is express$ by ! j\rney ( ! ,magi1 & ! miracul\s />--we h se5 8 /> 9 ! ea/4 ,b ( all ^! ideal ,nativities1 ! mo/ /rik+ is "o by ,s&ro ,botticelli1 :i* is inde$ a compreh5sive poem1 a k9d ( hymn on ! ,nativity1 & might be set to music4 ,9 ! c5tre is a %$1 b5ea? :i* ! ,virg91 kneel+1 adores ! ,*ild1 :o has 8 f+] on 8 lip4 ,joseph is se5 a little beh9d1 z if 9 m$itation4 ,on ! "r h&1 ! angel pres5ts ?ree figures 7probably ! %eph]ds7 cr[n$ ) olive2 on ! left is a simil> gr\p4 ,on ! ro( ( ! %$1 ?ree angels1 ) olive-bran*es 9 _! h&s1 s+ ! ,gloria 9 excelsis4 ,above ^! are twelve angels danc+ or float+ r\nd 9 a circle1 hold+ olive-bran*es betwe5 !m4 ,9 ! =egr\nd1 9 ! m>g9 ( ! picture1 ?ree figures ris+ out ( ! flames ( purgatory are receiv$ & embrac$ by angels4 ,) all its qua9t fanta/ic grace & dryness ( execution1 ! :ole conception is full ( mean+1 religi\s z well z poetical4 ,! introduction ( ! olive1 & ! r$eem$1 s\ls1 may express peace on e>?1 good w t[>ds m52 or ! olive may likewise ref] to t p]iod ( univ]sal peace 9 :i* ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace 0 born into ! _w4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is s+ul> picture1 =m]ly 9 ! ,ottley collection1 01 :5 ,i saw x1 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,full] ,maitl&1 ( ,/5/$ ,p>k4 ,i mu/ m5tion "o m in/ance = its extreme beauty4 ,9 a picture by ,lor5zo di ,cr$i 7,flor5ce1 ,pal4 ,pitti7 ! ,infant ,*ri/ lies on ! gr\nd on a "p ( ! veil ( ! ,virg91 & holds 9 8 h& a bird4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 ! miracul\s /> %$s on ! e>? a p]p5dicul> blaze ( light1 & f>!r (f are ! %eph]ds4 ,on ! o!r side1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 introduc$1 p]haps1 because he made 8 abode at ,be?lehem1 is seat$ beside 8 lion4 ,,! ,,nativity ,,z ,,an ,,ev5t4 ,we n[ come to ! ,nativity hi/orically treat$1 9 :i* "t1 place1 & circum/ance1 h to be consid]$ z 9 any o!r actual ev5t4 ,! "t 0 ! dep? ( w9t]1 at midnight2 ! place a poor /able4 ,accord+ to "s au?orities1 ?is /able 0 ! int]ior ( a cav]n1 /ill %[n at ,be?lehem z ! sc5e ( ! ,nativity1 9 front ( :i* 0 a ru9$ h\se1 once inhabit$ by ,jesse1 ! fa!r ( ,david1 & ne> ! spot :]e ,david pa/ur$ 8 %eep3 b ! h\se 0 n[ a %$ p>tly ?at*$1 & op5 at t bitt] mason to all ! w9ds ( heav54 ,"h x 0 t ! ,bless$ ,virg9 br\ght =? h] fir/-born ,son1 wrapp$ him 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 & laid him 9 a mang]4 ,we f9d 9 ! e>ly ,greek repres5tations1 & 9 ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s :o imitat$ ! ,byzant9e models1 t 9 ! arrangem5t a c]ta9 patt]n 0 foll[$3 ! locality is a sort ( cave--lit]ally a hole 9 a rock2 ! ,virg9 ,"m recl9es on a c\*2 ne> h] lies ! new-born ,infant wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s4 ,9 "o v anci5t example 7a m9iature ( ! n9? c5tury 9 a ,greek ,m5ologium71 an att5dant is wa%+ ! ,*ild4 ,b f ! f\rte5? c5tury we f9d ?is treatm5t discont9u$4 ,x gave j (f5ce4 ,! greate/ !ologians insi/$ t ! bir? ( ! ,infant ,*ri/ 0 z pure & miracul\s z 8 conception2 & x 0 consid]$ little less ?an h]etical to portray ,m>y recl9+ on a c\* z "o exhau/$ by ! pangs ( *ildbir? 7,isaiah lxvi4 #g71 or to exhibit assi/ants z wa%+ ! heav5ly ,infant4 ,to h] alone1 says ,/4 ,b]n>d1 did n ! puni%m5t ( ,eve ext5d4 ,n 9 sorr[1 says ,bi%op ,taylor1 n 9 pa91 b 9 ! po/ure & guise ( wor%ipp]s 7t is1 kneel+71 & 9 ! mid/ ( glori\s ?\ghts & speculations1 did ,m>y br+ h] ,son into ! _w4 ,we mu/ seek = ! accessories & circum/ances usually introduc$ by ! pa9t]s 9 ! old leg5d>y traditions !n accept$ & believ$4 7,protevangelion1 xiv47 ,?us "o leg5d relates t ,joseph w5t to seek a midwife1 & met a woman com+ d[n f ! m\nta9s1 ) :om he return$ to ! /able4 ,b :5 !y ent]$ x 0 fill$ ) light great] ?an ! sun at noonday2 & z ! light decreas$ & !y 7 able to op5 _! eyes1 !y beheld ,m>y sitt+ !re ) h] ,infant at h] bosom4 ,& ! ,hebrew woman be+ amaz$ said1 ,c ?is be true8 & ,m>y answ]$1 ,x is true2 z !re is no *ild l unto my son1 s !re is no woman l unto 8 "m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! circum/ances we f9d 9 "s ( ! e>ly repres5tations1 m or less modifi$ by ! ta/e ( ! arti/4 ,i h se51 = in/ance1 an old ,g]man pr9t1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 9 ! po/ure & guise ( wor%ipp]s1 kneels be=e h] ,*ild z usual2 :ile ! backgr\nd exhibits a hilly c\ntry1 & ,joseph ) a lant]n 9 8 h& is help+ a woman ov] a /ile4 ,sometimes !re are two wom51 & !n ! second is always ,m>y ,salome1 :o1 accord+ to a passage 9 ! same popul> au?ority1 visit$ ! "m 9 h] h\r ( travail4 ,! angelic *ori/]s 9 ! sky1 or ^u ! ro( ( ! /able1 s+ ! ,gloria 9 excelsis ,deo2 !y are nev]1 ,i believe1 omitt$1 & 9 e>ly pictures are always ?ree 9 numb]2 b 9 lat] pictures1 ! my/ic ?ree become a *orus ( musicians ,joseph is g5]ally sitt+ by1 lean+ on 8 /aff 9 pr(\nd m$itation1 or asleep z "o ov]come by fatigue2 or ) a tap] or a lant]n 9 8 h&1 to express ! night-"t4 ,among ! accessories1 ! ox & ! ass are indisp5sable4 ,! introduction ( ^! animals re/s on an antique tradition m5tion$ by ,/4 ,j]ome1 & also on two texts ( prophecy3 ,! ox kn[e? 8 own]1 & ! ass 8 ma/]'s crib 7,isaiah i4 #c72 & ,habakkuk iii4 #d1 is r5d]$1 9 ! ,vulgate1 ,he %all lie d[n betwe5 ! ox & ! ass4 ,f ! six? c5tury1 :i* is ! suppos$ date ( ! e>lie/ extant1 to ! sixte5? c5tury1 !re 0 nev] any repres5tation ( ! ,nativity )\t ^! two animals2 ?us 9 ! old c>ol s (t5 quot$-- ,agnovit bos et as9us ,quod ,pu] erat ,dom9us6 ,9 "s ( ! e>lie/ pictures ! animals kneel1 confess+ ! ,"l4 7,isaiah xliii4 #bj47 ,9 "s in/ances !y />e into ! mang] ) a mo/ nave expression ( amazem5t at :at !y f9d !re4 ,"o ( ! old ,lat9 hymns1 ,de ,nativitate ,dom9i1 describes !m1 9 t w9try night1 z w>m+ ! new-born ,infant ) _! brea?2 & !y h always be5 int]pret$ z symbols1 ! ox z emblem ( ! ,jews1 ! ass ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,i wond] if x has ev] occurr$ to ^? :o h /udi$ ! inn] life & mean+ ( ^! old repres5tations1--ow$ to !m1 p]haps1 homilies ( wisdom1 z well z visions ( poetry1--t ! introduction ( ! ox & ! ass1 ^? symbols ( animal s]vitude & inf]iority1 might be o!rwise translat$2--t _! pa!tic dumb recognition ( ! ,savi\r ( ! _w might be int]pret$ z ext5d+ to !m also a p>ticipation 9 8 mission ( love & m]cy2--t s9ce to ! l[] creatures x 0 n d5i$ to be pres5t at t great manife/ation1 !y are ?us br\ght ne>] to ! sympa?ies ( our humanity1 z we are1 !reby1 lift$ to a ne>] communion ) ! univ]sal _s ( love2--b ?is is consid]+ too deeply1 p]haps1 = ! occasion4 ,return we to our pictures4 ,c]ta9ly we are n 9 dang] ( be+ l$ into any pr(\nd or fanciful speculations by ! ignorant pa9t]s ( ! lat] s*ools ( art4 ,9 _! ,nativities1 ! ox & ass are n1 inde$1 omitt$2 !y mu/ be pres5t by religi\s & prescriptive usage2 b !y are to be made picturesque1 z if !y 7 9 ! /able by "r1 & z if x 7 only a /able1 n a temple hall[$ to a div9] significance4 ,! ass1 in/ead ( look+ dev\tly into ! cradle1 /ret*es out 8 lazy l5g? 9 ! =egr\nd2 ! ox w9ks 8 eyes ) a m ?an bov9e /upidity4 ,9 "s ( ! old ,g]man pictures1 :ile ! ,hebrew ox is quietly *ew+ ! cud1 ! ,g5tile ass lifts up 8 voice & brays ) op5 m\?1 z if 9 triumph4 ,"o v]sion ( ?is subject1 by ,agnolo ,gaddi1 is conceiv$ ) mu* simplicity & orig9ality4 ,! ,virg9 & ,joseph are se5 toge!r )9 a rude & o!rwise solit>y build+4 ,%e po9ts expressively to ! mang] :]e lies ! div9e ,infant1 :ile ,joseph leans on 8 /aff & appe>s lo/ 9 ?\ght4 ,correggio has be5 mu* admir$ = repres5t+ 9 8 fam\s ,nativity ! :ole picture z light$ by ! glory :i* proce$s f ! div9e ,infant1 z if ! idea _h be5 new & orig9al4 7,la ,notte1 ,dresd5 ,gal47 ,x occurs frequ5tly be=e & s9ce 8 "t1 & is f\nd$ on ! leg5d>y /ory quot$ above1 :i* describes ! cave or /able fill$ ) a dazzl+ & sup]natural light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is n (t5 we f9d ! ,nativity repres5t$ z an hi/orical ev5t )\t ! pres5ce ( ! %eph]ds2 nor is ! sup]natural ann\ncem5t to ! %eph]ds (t5 treat$ z a sep>ate subject3 x g5]ally =ms "p ( ! backgr\nd ( ! ,nativity2 b !re are "s /rik+ examples4 ,9 a pr9t by ,rembr&t1 he has emulat$1 9 picturesque & poetical treatm5t1 8 fam\s ,vision ( ,jacob1 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y4 ,! angel 7always suppos$ to be ,gabriel7 appe>s 9 a bur/ ( radiance ?r\gh ! black w9try midnight1 surr\nd$ by a multitude ( ! heav5ly ho/4 ,! %eph]ds fall pro/rate1 z m5 amaz$ & sore afraid2 ! cattle flee diff]5t ways 9 t]ror 7,luke ii4 #i47 ,i d n say t ?is is ! mo/ elevat$ way ( express+ ! sc5e2 b1 z an example ( *>act]i/ic /yle1 x is p]fect4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds4 ,ital4 ,l' ,adorazione del ,pa/ori4 ,fr4 ,l',adoration des ,b]g]s4 ,g]4 ,die ,anbetung d] ,hirt54 ,! /ory ?us proce$s3--,:5 ! angels 7 gone away into heav51 ! %eph]ds came ) ha/e1 & f\nd ,m>y1 & ,joseph1 & ! "y ,*ild ly+ 9 a mang]4 ,be+ come1 !y pres5t _! pa/oral (f]+s--a lamb1 or doves1 or fruits 7b ^!1 consid]+ ! season1 are misplac$72 !y take (f _! hats ) rev]5ce1 & wor%ip 9 ru/ic fa%ion4 ,9 ,raphael's composition1 ! %eph]ds1 z we might expect f him1 look z if !y _h liv$ 9 ,arcadia4 ,9 "s ( ! lat] ,italian pictures1 !y pipe & s+4 ,x is ! well-kn[n cu/om 9 ,italy = ! %eph]ds ( ! ,campagna1 & ( ,calabria1 to pipe be=e ! ,madonna & ,*ild at ,*ri/mas "t2 & ^! ,piff]]i1 ) _! %eepsk9 jackets1 ragg$ hats1 bagpipes1 & tabors1 7 evid5tly ! models reproduc$ 9 "s ( ! f9e/ pictures ( ! ,bolognese s*ool2 = in/ance1 9 ! fam\s ,nativity by ,annibale ,c>acci1 :]e a picturesque figure 9 ! corn] is bl[+ into ! bagpipes ) might & ma94 ,9 ! ,v5etian pictures ( ! ,nativity1 ! %eph]ds are accompani$ by _! wom51 _! %eep1 & ev5 _! dogs4 ,accord+ to an old leg5d1 ,simon & ,jude1 aft]w>ds apo/les1 7 among ^! %eph]ds4 ,:5 ! angels scatt] fl[]s1 z 9 compositions by ,raphael & ,ludovico ,c>acci1 we mu/ suppose t !y 7 n ga!r$ on e>?1 b 9 heav54 ,! ,infant is sometimes asleep3--s ,milton s+s-- ,b see ! ,virg9 ble/ ,ha? laid h] ,babe to re/6 ,9 a draw+ by ,raphael1 ! ,*ild slumb]s1 & ,joseph raises ! cov]lid1 to %[ him to a %eph]d4 ,we h ! same idea 9 sev]al o!r in/ances4 ,9 a graceful composition by ,titian1 x is ! ,virg9 ,"m :o raises ! veil f ! face ( ! sleep+ ,*ild4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ! numb] ( figures & accessories1 ! ,nativity ?us treat$ z an hi/orical subject becomes capable ( almo/ endless v>iety2 b z x is "o n to be mi/ak51 & has a univ]sal mean+ & int]e/1 ,i may n[ leave x to ! fancy & discrim9ation ( ! obs]v]4 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi4 ,ital4 ,l' ,adorazione de' ,magi4 ,l' ,epifania4 ,fr4 ,l',adoration des ,rois ,mages4 ,g]4 ,die ,anbetung d] ,weis5 aus dem ,morg5l&4 ,die heilig5 drei ,knige4 ,jan4 #f4 ,?is1 ! mo/ extraord9>y incid5t 9 ! e>ly life ( our ,savi\r1 re/s on ! au?ority ( "o evangeli/ only4 ,x is relat$ by ,/4 ,mat!w s briefly1 z to pres5t _m hi/orical & philosophical difficulties4 ,i mu/ give "s idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ^! difficulties 7 elucidat$ by ! e>ly comm5tators1 & ( ! notions :i* prevail$ 9 ! middle ages relative to ! c\ntry ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 be=e x w be possible to und]/& or to appreciate ! subject z x has be5 set be=e u 9 e /yle ( art1 9 e =m1 9 e mat]ial1 f ! ?ird c5tury to ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :o 7 ^! ,magi1 or ^! k+s1 z !y are sometimes /yl$8 ,to suppose1 says ! antique leg5d1 t !y 7 call$ ,magi because !y 7 addict$ to magic1 or ex]cis$ unholy or =bidd5 arts1 w\ld be1 heav5 save u6 a rank h]esy4 ,no6 ,magi1 9 ! ,p]sian tongue1 signifies wise m54 ,!y 71 9 _! own c\ntry1 k+s or pr9ces1 z x is av]r$ by all ! anci5t fa!rs2 & we are n to be (f5d$ at ! ass]tion1 t !y 7 at once pr9ces & wise m51--,c> l'usage de ce temps-l les pr9ces et les rois etoi5t trs sages6#a ,footnote #a3 ,quot$ lit]ally f ! leg5d 9 ! old ,fr5* v]sion ( ! ,flos ,sanctorum4 ,!y came f ! ea/]n c\ntry1 b f :at c\ntry is n said2 :e!r f ! l& ( ! ,arabians1 or ! ,*aldeans1 or ! ,p]sians1 or ! ,p>?ians4 ,x is writt5 9 ! ,book ( ,numb]s1 t :5 ,balaam1 ! son ( ,beor1 0 call$ ^u to curse ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 he1 by div9e inspiration1 utt]$ a bless+ in/ead ( a curse4 ,& he took up ?is p>able1 & said1 ,i %all see him1 b n n[3 ,i %all behold him1 b n nigh3 !re %all come a /> out ( ,jacob1 & a sceptre %all rise out ( ,israel4 ,& ! p ( t c\ntry1 ?\gh !y 7 ,g5tiles1 kept ?is prophecy z a tradition among !m1 & wait$ ) fai? & hope = its fulfilm5t4 ,:51 !re=e1 _! pr9ces & wise m5 beheld a /> diff]5t 9 its appe>ance & movem5t f ^? :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$ to /udy 7= !y 7 great a/ronom]s71 !y at once knew its import1 & ha/5$ to foll[ its guidance4 ,accord+ to an anci5t comm5t>y on ,/4 ,mat!w1 ?is />1 on its fir/ appe>ance1 _h ! =m ( a radiant *ild be>+ a sceptre or cross4 ,9 a fresco by ,taddeo ,gaddi1 x is ?us figur$2 & ?is is ! only in/ance ,i c rememb]4 ,b to proce$ ) our /ory4 ,:5 ! ea/]n sages beheld ?is wondr\s & long-expect$ />1 !y rejoic$ greatly2 & !y arose1 & tak+ leave ( _! l&s & _! vassals1 _! relations & _! fri5ds1 set =? on _! long & p]il\s j\rney across va/ des]ts & m\nta9s1 & broad riv]s1 ! /> go+ be=e !m1 & arriv$ at l5g? at ,j]usalem1 ) a great & spl5did tra9 ( att5dants4 ,be+ come !re1 !y ask$ at once1 ,:]e is he :o is born k+ ( ! ,jews8 ,on he>+ ?is "q1 ,k+ ,h]od 0 tr\bl$1 & all ! city ) him2 & he inquir$ ( ! *ief prie/s :]e ,*ri/ %\ld be born4 ,& !y said to him1 9 ,be?lehem ( ,judea4 ,!n ,h]od privately call$ ! wise m51 & desir$ !y w\ld g to ,be?lehem1 & se>* = ! "y *ild 7he 0 c>eful n to call him ,k+71 say+1 ,:5 ye h f\nd him1 br+ me ^w1 t ,i may come & wor%ip him also4 ,s ! ,magi dep>t$1 & ! /> :i* !y _h se5 9 ! ea/ w5t be=e !m1 until x /ood ov] ! place :]e ! "y *ild 0--he :o 0 born ,k+ ( k+s4 ,!y _h travell$ _m a long & we>y mile2 & :at _h !y come = to see8 ,in/ead ( a sumptu\s palace1 a mean & l[ly dwell+2 9 place ( a mon>* surr\nd$ by 8 gu>ds & m9i/]s & all ! t]rors ( 8 /ate1 an infant wrapp$ 9 swaddl+ clo!s & laid ^u 8 "m's knee1 betwe5 ! ox & ! ass4 ,!y _h come1 p]haps1 f "s f>-di/ant savage l&1 or f "s nation call+ itself civiliz$1 :]e innoc5ce _h nev] be5 acc\nt$ sacr$1 :]e society _h z yet tak5 no he$ ( ! def5celess woman1 no c>e = ! helpless *ild2 :]e ! "o 0 enslav$1 & ! o!r p]v]t$3 & "h1 "u ! =m ( womanhood & *ildhood1 !y 7 call$ ^u to wor%ip ! promise ( t bright] future1 :5 peace %\ld inh]it ! e>?1 & righte\sness prevail ov] deceit1 & g5tl5ess ) wisdom reign = ev] & ev]6 ,h[ mu/ !y h be5 amaz$6 ,h[ mu/ !y h wond]$ 9 _! s\ls at su* a revelation6--yet su* 0 ! fai? ( ^! wise m5 & excell5t k+s1 t !y at once pro/rat$ !mselves1 confess+ 9 ! glori\s ,innoc5t :o smil$ ^u !m f 8 "m's knee1 a great] ?an !mselves--! image ( a tru] div9ity ?an !y _h ev] yet ackn[l$g$4 ,& hav+ b[$ !mselves d[n--fir/1 z 0 mo/ fit1 (f]+ !mselves1--!y made (f]+ ( _! treasure1 z x _h be5 writt5 9 anci5t times1 ,! k+s ( ,t>%i% & ! isles %all br+ pres5ts1 & ! k+s ( ,%eba %all (f] gifts4 ,& :at 7 ^! gifts8 ,gold1 frank9c5se1 & myrrh2 by :i* symbolical oblation !y prote/$ a ?reefold fai?2--by gold1 t he 0 k+2 by inc5se1 t he 0 ,god2 by myrrh1 t he 0 man1 & doom$ to dea?4 ,9 return = _! gifts1 ! ,savi\r be/[$ ^u !m o!rs ( m mat*less price4 ,= _! gold he gave !m *>ity & spiritual ri*es2 = _! inc5se1 p]fect fai?2 & = _! myrrh1 p]fect tru? & meekness3 & ! ,virg91 8 "m1 also be/[$ on !m a preci\s gift & memorial1 namely1 "o ( ^? l95 b&s 9 :i* %e _h wrapp$ ! ,savi\r1 = :i* !y ?ank$ h] ) great humility1 & laid x up among/ _! treasures4 ,:5 !y _h p]=m$ _! devotions & made _! (f]+s1 be+ w>n$ 9 a dream to avoid ,h]od1 !y turn$ back aga9 to _! own dom9ions2 & ! /> :i* _h =m]ly guid$ !m to ! we/1 n[ w5t be=e !m t[>ds ! ea/1 & l$ !m safely home4 ,:5 !y 7 arriv$ !re1 !y laid d[n _! e>?ly /ate2 & 9 emulation ( ! pov]ty & humility 9 :i* !y _h f\nd ! ,"l ( all p[] & might1 !y di/ribut$ _! goods & possessions to ! poor1 & w5t ab\t 9 mean attire1 prea*+ to _! p ! new k+ ( heav5 & e>?1 ! ,,*ild-,,k+1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,we are n told :at 0 ! success ( _! mission2 nei!r is x any:]e record$1 t f t "t =?1 e *ild1 z x sat on its "m's knee1 01 ev5 = ! sake ( t ,pr9ce ( ,peace1 reg>d$ z sacr$--z ! heir ( a div9e nature--z "o ^: t9y limbs enfold$ a _s :i* 0 to exp& into ! man1 ! k+1 ! ,god4 ,su* a result 01 p]haps1 res]v$ = o!r times1 :5 ! :ole mission ( t div9e ,*ild %\ld be bett] und]/ood ?an x 0 !n1 or is n[4 ,b !re is an anci5t ori5tal tradition1 t ab\t =ty ye>s lat]1 :5 ,/4 ,?omas ! apo/le travell$ into ! ,indies1 he f\nd ^! ,wise ,m5 !re1 & did adm9i/] to !m ! rite ( baptism2 & t aft]w>ds1 9 c>ry+ ! light ( tru? into ! f> ,ea/1 !y fell among b>b>\s ,g5tiles1 & 7 put to dea?2 ?us ea* ( !m receiv+ 9 return = ! e>?ly cr[ns !y _h ca/ at ! feet ( ! ,savi\r1 ! heav5ly cr[n ( m>tyrdom & ( ev]la/+ life4 ,_! rema9s1 long aft]w>ds discov]$1 7 br\ght to ,con/ant9ople by ! ,empress ,hel5a2 !nce 9 ! "t ( ! fir/ ,crusade !y 7 transport$ to ,milan1 :5ce !y 7 c>ri$ (f by ! ,emp]or ,b>b>ossa1 & deposit$ 9 ! ca!dral at ,cologne1 :]e !y rema9 to ?is day1 laid 9 a %r9e ( gold & gems2 & h p]=m$ div]s great & glori\s miracles4 99 99 99 99 99 ,su*1 9 few words1 is ! *ur* leg5d ( ! ,magi ( ! ,ea/1 ! ?ree ,k+s ( ,cologne1 z f\nd$ on ! my/]i\s ,gospel incid5t4 ,/atesm5 & philosoph]s1 n less ?an ecclesia/ics1 h1 z yet1 miss$ ! :ole s5se & l>ge int]pretation ( ! my?ic z well z ! scriptural /ory2 b well h ! arti/s avail$ !mselves ( its picturesque capabilities6 ,9 _! h&s x has gradually exp&$ f a m]e symbol into a sc5e ( ! mo/ dramatic & v>i$ effect & ! mo/ gorge\s spl5d\r4 ,z a subject x is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t 9 ! :ole range ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,tak5 9 ! e>ly religions s5se1 x signifi$ ! call+ ( ! ,g5tiles2 & z su* we f9d x c>v$ 9 bas-relief on ! ,*ri/ian s>cophagi ( ! ?ird & f\r? c5turies1 & repres5t$ ) extreme simplicity4 ,! ,virg9 "m is seat$ on a *air1 & holds ! ,infant upright on h] knee4 ,! ,wise ,m51 always ?ree 9 numb]1 & all alike1 approa* 9 attitudes ( adoration4 ,9 "s in/ances !y we> ,phrygian caps1 & _! camels' heads are se5 beh9d !m1 s]v+ to express ! l& :5ce !y came1 ! l& ( ! ,ea/1 z well z _! long j\rney2 z on "o ( ! s>cophagi 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,museum ( ! ,vatican4 ,! /> 9 ^! antique sculptures is g5]ally omitt$2 b 9 "o or two in/ances x /&s imm$iately ov] ! *air ( ! ,virg94 ,on a s>cophagus ne> ! entrance ( ! tomb ( ,galla ,placidia1 at ,rav5na1 !y are ?us repres5t$4 ,! mosaic 9 ! *ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ,maggiore at ,rome1 is some:at lat] 9 date ?an ^! s>cophagi 7,a4,d4 #ddj71 & ! repres5tation is v peculi> & int]e/+4 ,"h ! ,*ild is seat$ alone on a k9d ( squ>e p$e/al1 ) 8 h& rais$ 9 b5$iction2 beh9d ! ?rone /& two figures1 suppos$ to be ! ,virg9 & ,joseph2 on ea* side1 two angels4 ,! k+s approa*1 dress$ z ,roman w>riors1 ) helmets on _! heads4 ,9 ! mosaic 9 ! *ur* ( ,sant' ,appoll9>e-,novo1 at ,rav5na 7,a4,d4 #ecd71 ! ,virg9 receives !m seat$ on a ?rone1 att5d$ by ! ar*angels2 !y approa*1 we>+ cr[ns on _! heads1 & b5d+ 9 attitudes ( rev]5ce3 all ?ree figures are exactly alike1 & r less 9 proportion ?an ! div9e gr\p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,imm$iately on ! revival ( art we f9d ! ,adoration ( ! ,k+s treat$ 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle1 ) few accessories4 ,v soon1 h[ev]1 9 ! e>ly ,flor5t9e s*ool1 ! arti/s began to avail !mselves ( t picturesque v>iety ( gr\ps ( :i* ! /ory admitt$4 ,9 ! leg5ds ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! k+s _h become di/9ct p]sonages1 "u ! names ( ,casp> 7or ,jasp]71 ,mel*ior1 & ,bal?as>3 ! fir/ be+ always a v ag$ man1 ) a long :ite be>d2 ! second1 a middle-ag$ man2 ! ?ird is "y1 & frequ5tly he is a ,moor or ,negro1 to express ! ,k+ ( ,e?iopia or ,nubia1 & also to indicate t :5 ! ,g5tiles 7 call$ to salvation1 all ! cont95ts & races ( ! e>?1 ( :atev] complexion1 7 includ$4 ,! diff]5ce ( ages is indicat$ 9 ! ,greek =mula2 b ! diff]5ce ( complexion is a mod]n innovation1 & m frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ,g]man ?an 9 ! ,italian s*ools4 ,9 ! old leg5d ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 z ins]t$ 9 ,wright's ,*e/] ,my/]ies1 ,jasp]1 or ,casp>1 is ,k+ ( ,t>sus1 ! l& ( m]*ants2 he makes ! (f]+ ( gold4 ,mel*ior1 ! ,k+ ( ,arabia & ,nubia1 (f]s frank9c5se2 & ,bal?as>1 ,k+ ( ,saba1--! l& ( spices & all mann] ( preci\s gums1--(f]s myrrh4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! names ( ! ,?ree ,k+s appe> = ! fir/ "t 9 a piece ( rude sculpture ov] ! door ( ,sant' ,&rea at ,pi/oia1 to :i* is assign$ ! date #aaff4 7,vide ,d',ag9c\rt1 ,scultura1 pl4 xxvii47 ,x is v usual to f9d1 9 ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ! angelic ann\ncem5t to ! %eph]ds introduc$ into ! backgr\nd2 or1 m poetically1 ! ,magi approa*+ on "o side1 & ! %eph]ds on ! o!r4 ,! int5tion is !n to express a d\ble signification2 x is at once ! manife/ation to ! ,jews1 & ! manife/ation to ! ,g5tiles4 ,! attitude ( ! ,*ild v>ies4 ,9 ! be/ pictures he raises 8 little h& 9 b5$iction4 ,! objection t he 0 !n only an infant ( a few days old is futile3 = he 0 f 8 bir? ! ,,*ri/4 ,x is also 9 accordance ) ! beautiful & significant leg5d :i* describes him z disp5s+ to ! old wise m5 ! spiritual bless+s ( love1 meekness1 & p]fect fai?1 9 return = _! gifts & _! homage4 ,x appe>s to me bad ta/e1 v]g+ on pr(anity1 to repres5t him plung+ 8 little h& into ! c(f] ( gold1 or eag]ly grasp+ "o ( ! gold pieces4 ,nei!r %\ld he be wrapp$ up 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 nor 9 any way a subord9ate figure 9 ! gr\p2 = x is ! ,epiphany1 ! ,manife/ation ( a div9e humanity to ,jews & ,g5tiles1 :i* is to be express$2 & !re is mean+ z well z beauty 9 ^? compositions :i* repres5t ! ,virg9 at lift+ a veil & %[+ him to ! ,wise ,man4 ,! k+ly "* ( ! ador]s1 :i* became 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury a po9t ( fai?1 is express$ by giv+ !m all ! p>aph]nalia & pomp ( royalty accord+ to ! cu/oms ( ! "t 9 :i* ! arti/ liv$4 ,!y are foll[$ by a va/ tra9 ( att5dants1 gu>ds1 pages1 grooms1 falcon]s ) hawks2 &1 9 a picture by ,gaud5zio ,f]r>i1 we h ! c\rt-dw>f1 &1 9 a picture by ,titian1 ! c\rt-fool1 bo? indisp5sable app5dages ( royal /ate 9 ^? times4 ,! ,k+s !mselves we> embroid]$ robes1 cr[ns1 & glitt]+ weapons1 & are boot$ & spurr$ z if j alight$ f a long j\rney2 ev5 on "o ( ! s>cophagi !y are se5 9 spurs4 ,! e>ly ,flor5t9e & ,v5etian pa9t]s pr(it$ by ! comm]cial relations ( _! c\ntries ) ! ,levant1 & introduc$ all k9ds ( outl&i% & ori5tal accessories to express ! f> c\ntry f :i* ! /rang]s _h arriv$2 ?us we h among ! pres5ts1 apes1 peacocks1 pheasants1 & p>rots4 ,! traditions ( ! crusades also came 9 aid1 & h5ce we h1 ! plum$ & jewell$ turbans1 ! armlets & ! scymit>s1 &1 9 ! lat] pictures1 ev5 umbrellas & elephants4 ,i rememb]1 9 an old ,italian pr9t ( ?is subject1 a pair ( hunt+ leop>ds or *etas4 ,x is a "q :e!r ,joseph 0 pres5t--:e!r he ought to h be5 pres5t3 9 "o ( ! e>ly leg5ds1 x is ass]t$ t he hid himself & w\ld n appe>1 out ( 8 great humility1 & because x %\ld n be suppos$ t he arrogat$ any relation%ip to ! div9e ,*ild4 ,b ?is v]sion ( ! sc5e is q inconsi/5t ) ! extreme v5]ation aft]w>ds paid to ,joseph2 & 9 lat] times1 t is1 f ! fifte5? c5tury1 he is seldom omitt$4 ,sometimes he is se5 beh9d ! *air ( ! ,virg91 lean+ on 8 /ick1 & contemplat+ ! sc5e ) a quiet admiration4 ,sometimes he receives ! gifts (f]$ to ! ,*ild1 act+ ! "p ( a treasur] or *amb]la94 ,9 a picture by ,angelico "o ( ! ,magi grasps 8 h& z if 9 congratulation4 ,9 a composition by ,p>migiano "o ( ! ,magi embraces him4 ,x 0 n uncommon = pi\s vot>ies to h !mselves pa9t$ 9 lik5ess ( "o ( ! ador+ ,k+s4 ,9 a picture by ,s&ro ,botticelli1 ,cosmo de' ,m$ici is ?us introduc$2 & 9 a l>ge & beautifully arrang$ composition by ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 :i* unhappily rema9s z a sket* only1 ! ?ree ,m$ici ( t "t1 ,cosmo1 ,lor5zo1 & ,giuliano1 are figur$ z ! ?ree ,k+s4 7,bo? ^! pictures are 9 ! ,flor5ce ,gal47 ,a v rem>kable alt>-piece1 by ,jean ,van ,eyck1 repres5ts ! wor%ip ( ! ,magi4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ,m>y & h] ,*ild are seat$ )9 a ru9$ temple2 ! elde/ ( ! ?ree ,k+s kneel+1 does homage by kiss+ ! h& ( ! ,*ild3 x is ! portrait ( ,philip ! ,good1 ,duke ( ,burgundy4 ,! second1 pro/rate beh9d him ) a gold5 beak] 9 8 h&1 is suppos$ to be "o ( ! great (fic]s ( 8 h\sehold4 ,! ?ird ,k+ exhibits ! *>act]i/ic portrait ( ,*>les ! ,bold2 !re is no expression ( humility or devotion ei!r 9 8 c\nt5ance or attitude2 he /&s upright1 ) a l(ty disda9ful air1 z if he 7 yet unresolv$ :e!r he w\ld kneel or n4 ,on ! "r ( ! ,virg91 a little 9 ! =egr\nd1 /&s ,joseph 9 a pla9 r$ dress1 hold+ 8 hat 9 8 h&1 & look+ ) z air ( simple a/oni%m5t at 8 magnific5t gue/s4 ,all ! accessories 9 ?is picture1 ! gold & silv] vessels1 ! dresses ( ! ?ree ,k+s sp>k+ ) jewels & pe>ls1 ! velvets1 silks1 & co/ly furs1 are pa9t$ ) ! mo/ exquisite f9i% & delicacy1 & exhibit to u ! ri*es ( ! c\rt ( ,burgundy1 9 :i* ,van ,eyck !n resid$4 7,muni* ,gal1 #de47 ,9 ,raphael's composition1 ! wor%ipp]s we> ! classical1 n ! ori5tal co/ume2 b an elephant ) a monkey on 8 back is se5 9 ! di/ance1 :i* at once rem9ds u ( ! f> ,ea/4 7,rome1 ,vatican47 ,ghirl&ajo frequ5tly pa9t$ ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 & %[s 9 8 managem5t ( ! accessories mu* ta/e & symmetry4 ,9 "o ( 8 compositions1 ! %$ =ms a canopy 9 ! c5tre2 two ( ! ,k+s kneel 9 front4 ,! c\ntry ( ! ,e?iopian ,k+ is n express$ by mak+ him ( a black complexion1 b by giv+ him a ,negro page1 :o is 9 ! act ( remov+ 8 ma/]'s cr[n4 7,flor5ce1 ,pitti ,pal47 ,a v complete example ( artificial & elaborate composition may be f\nd 9 ! draw+ by ,baldass>e ,p]uzzi 9 our ,national ,gall]y4 ,x conta9s at lea/ fifty figures2 9 ! c5tre1 a magnific5t ar*itectural design2 & wond]ful /udies ( p]spective to ! "r & left1 9 ! long l9es ( rec$+ gr\ps4 ,on ! :ole1 x is a mo/ skilful piece ( "w2 b to my ta/e mu* l a !atrical decoration1--pomp\s )\t be+ animat$4 ,a beautiful composition by ,francia ,i mu/ n pass ov]4#a ,"h1 to ! left ( ! picture1 ! ,virg9 is seat$ on ! /eps ( a ru9$ temple1 aga9/ :i* gr[s a fig-tree1 :i*1 ?\gh x be ,decemb]1 is 9 full leaf4 ,joseph kneels at h] side1 & beh9d h] are two ,arcadian %eph]ds1 ) ! ox & ! ass4 ,! ,virg91 :o has a *>m+ air ( mode/y & sweetness1 pres5ts h] ,*ild to ! adoration ( ! ,wise ,m53 ! fir/ ( ^! kneels ) jo9$ h&s2 ! second1 also kneel+1 is ab\t to pres5t a gold5 vase2 ! ,negro ,k+1 /&+1 has tak5 (f 8 cap1 & holds a c5s] 9 8 h&2 & ! div9e infant raises 8 h& 9 b5$iction4 ,beh9d ! ,k+s are ?ree figures on foot1 "o a beautiful y\? 9 an attitude ( adoration4 ,beyond ^! are five or six figures on horseback1 & a long tra9 ^u horses & camels is se5 approa*+ 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! l&scape is v beautiful & *e]ful3 ! :ole picture mu* 9 ! /yle ( ,francia's ma/]1 ,lor5zo ,co/a4 ,i %\ld at ! fir/ glance h suppos$ x to be 81 b ! head ( ! ,virg9 is unmi/akably ,francia4 ,footnote #a3 ,dresd5 ,gal4 ,arnold1 ! well-kn[n pr9t-sell] at ,dresd51 has lately publi%$ a v beautiful & f9i%$ engrav+ ( ?is f9e picture2 ! m valuable1 because engrav+s aft] ,francia are v r>e4 ,!re are in/ances ( ?is subject idealiz$ into a my/]y2 = example1 9 a picture by ,palma ,vec*io 7,milan1 ,br]a71 ,/4 ,hel5a /&s beh9d ! ,virg91 9 allusion to ! leg5d :i* connects h] ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,k+s4 ,9 a picture by ,g>(alo1 ! /> %9+ above is att5d$ by angels be>+ ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,passion1 :ile ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 hold+ 8 sk91 /&s ne> ! ,virg9 & ,*ild3 x 0 pa9t$ = ! abbey ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 at ,f]r>a4 ,among ! ,g]man examples1 ! picture by ,alb]t ,dur]1 9 ! tribune ( ! ,flor5ce ,gall]y2 & t ( ,mabuse1 9 ! collection ( ,"l ,c>lisle1 are p]haps ! mo/ p]fect ( _! k9d4 ,9 ! la/-nam$ picture ! ,virg91 seat$1 9 a pla9 d>k-blue mantle1 ) ! ,g]man physiognomy1 b l>ge br[$1 & ) a v s]i\s1 sweet expression1 holds ! ,*ild4 ,! elde/ ( ! ,k+s1 z usual1 (f]s a vase ( gold1 out ( :i* ,*ri/ has tak5 a piece1 :i* be holds 9 8 h&4 ,! "n ( ! ,k+1 ,,jasp]1 is inscrib$ on ! vase2 a y\ng] ,k+ beh9d holds a cup4 ,! black ,e?iopian k+1 ,bal?as>1 is conspicu\s on ! left2 he /&s1 cr[n$ & array$ 9 gorge\s drap]y1 &1 z if m fully to m>k ! equality ( ! races--at lea/ 9 spiritual privileges--8 tra9 is borne by a :ite page4 ,an exquisite l&scape is se5 ?r\gh ! ar* beh9d1 & ! %eph]ds are approa*+ 9 ! middle di/ance4 ,on ! :ole1 ?is is "o ( ! mo/ spl5did pictures ( ! e>ly ,flemi% s*ool ,i h ev] se52 = v>iety ( "*1 gl[ ( col\r1 & f9i%$ execution1 q unsurpass$4 ,9 a v ri* composition by ,lucas van ,leyd51 ,h]od is se5 9 ! backgr\nd1 /&+ 9 ! balcony ( 8 palace1 & po9t+ out ! sc5e to 8 att5dants4 ,z we might easily imag9e1 ! ornam5tal pa9t]s ( ! ,v5etian & ,flemi% s*ools delight$ 9 ?is subject1 :i* all[$ !m full scope = _! gorge\s col\r+1 & all _! sc5ic & dramatic p[]4 ,"h ,paul ,v]onese revell$ unreprov$ 9 ,asiatic magnific5ce3 "h 8 brocad$ robes & jewell$ diadems h>moniz$ ) 8 subject2 & 8 gr&1 old1 be>d$1 ,v5etian s5ators figur$1 n unsuitably1 z ,ea/]n ,k+s4 ,"h ,rub5s lavi%$ 8 erm9e & crimson drap]ies1 8 vases1 & ew]s1 & c5s]s ( flam+ gold2--"h p\r$ ov] 8 canvas ! weal? ( ,ormuz & ( ,ind4 ,( fifte5 pictures ( ?is subject1 :i* he pa9t$ at diff]5t times1 ! f9e/ und\bt$ly is t 9 ! ,madrid ,gall]y4 ,ano!r1 also v f9e1 is 9 ! collection ( ! ,m>quis ( ,we/m9/]4 ,9 bo? ^!1 ! ,virg91 contr>y to all =m] prec$5t1 is n seat$1 b /&+1 z %e holds up h] ,*ild = wor%ip4 ,aft]w>ds we f9d ! same position ( ! ,virg9 9 pictures by ,v&yck1 ,p\ss91 & o!r pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x is q an innovation on ! old religi\s arrangem5t2 b 9 ! utt] abs5ce ( all religi\s feel+1 ! m]e arrangem5t ( ! figures1 except 9 an arti/ic po9t ( view1 is ( little consequ5ce4 ,z a sc5e ( ori5tal pomp1 height5$ by my/]i\s %ad[s & fla%+ lights1 ,i "k no?+ equal to ! ,rembr&t 9 ! ,que5's ,gall]y2 ! procession ( att5dants se5 em]g+ f ! backgr\nd ?r\gh ! transp>5t gloom is q awful2 b 9 ?is miracul\s picture1 ! lovely ,virg9 ,"m is metamorphos$ into a co>se ,dut* vr[1 & ! div9e ,*ild looks l a *angel+ imp4 ,9 *apels d$icat$ to ! ,nativity or ! ,epiphany1 we frequ5tly f9d ! j\rney ( ! ,wise ,m5 pa9t$ r\nd ! walls4 ,!y are se5 m\nt$ on horseback1 or on camels1 ) a long tra9 ( att5dants1 "h asc5d+ a m\nta91 !re cross+ a riv]2 "h w9d+ ?r\gh a defile1 !re em]g+ f a =e/2 :ile ! miracul\s /> %9es above1 po9t+ out ! way4 ,sometimes we h ! approa* ( ! ,wise ,m5 on "o side ( ! *apel1 & _! return to _! own c\ntry on ! o!r4 ,on _! homew>d j\rney !y are1 9 "s few in/ances1 emb>k+ 9 a %ip3 ?is occurs 9 a fresco by ,lor5zo ,co/a1 & 9 a bas-relief 9 ! ca!dral ( ,ami5s4 ,! allusion is to a curi\s leg5d m5tion$ by ,arnobius ! ,y\ng]1 9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,psalms 7fif? c5tury74 ,he says1 9 ref]5ce to ! #dh? ,psalm1 t :5 ,h]od f\nd t ! ?ree ,k+s _h escap$ f him 9 %ips ( ,t>sus1 9 8 wra? he burn$ all ! vessels 9 ! port4 ,!re is a beautiful fresco ( ! j\rney ( ! ,magi 9 ! ,ricc>di ,*apel at ,flor5ce1 pa9t$ by ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli = ! old ,cosmo de' ,m$ici4 ,! ,baptism ( ! ,magi by ,/4 ,?omas1 is "o ( ! comp>tm5ts ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 pa9t$ by ,taddeo ,gaddi1 9 ! ,b>oncelli ,*apel at ,flor5ce1 & ?is is ! only in/ance ,i c ref] to4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e ,i quit ?is subject--"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! :ole range ( art--,i mu/ m5tion a picture by ,giorgione 9 ! ,belv$]e ,gall]y1 well kn[n z "o ( ! few und\bt$ productions ( t r>e & fasc9at+ pa9t]1 & (t5 ref]r$ to because ( its beauty4 ,its signification has hi!rto escap$ all writ]s on art1 z f> z ,i am acqua9t$ ) !m1 & has be5 dismiss$ z "o ( 8 enigmatical allegories4 ,x is call$ 9 ,g]man1 ,die ,feldmss] 7! ,l& ,surveyors71 & sometimes /yl$ 9 ,engli% ! ,geometricians1 or ! ,philosoph]s1 or ! ,a/rolog]s4 ,x repres5ts a wild1 rocky l&scape1 9 :i* are ?ree m54 ,! fir/1 v ag$1 9 z ori5tal co/ume1 ) a long gray be>d1 /&s hold+ 9 8 h& an a/ronomical table2 ! next1 a man 9 ! prime ( life1 seems li/5+ to him2 ! ?ird1 a y\?1 seat$ & look+ upw>ds1 holds a compass4 ,i h myself no d\bt t ?is beautiful picture repres5ts ! ?ree wise m5 ( ! ,ea/1 wat*+ on ! ,*aldean hills ! appe>ance ( ! miracul\s />1 & t ! light break+ 9 ! f> horizon1 call$ 9 ! ,g]man description ! ris+ sun1 is int5d$ to express ! ris+ ( ! /> ( ,jacob4#a ,9 ! sumptu\s l&scape1 & col\r1 & ! picturesque r ?an religi\s treatm5t1 ?is picture is q ,v5etian4 ,! int]pretation "h sugge/$ ,i leave to ! consid]ation ( ! obs]v]2 & )\t all[+ myself to be tempt$ on to fur!r illu/ration1 w only add1 9 conclusion1 t ,i d n rememb] any ,spani% picture ( ?is subject rem>kable ei!r = beauty or orig9ality4#b ,footnote #a3 ,!re is also a pr9t by ,giulio ,bonasoni1 :i* appe>s to repres5t ! wise m5 wat*+ = ! />4 7,b>ts*1 xv4 #aef47 ,footnote #b3 ,9 ! la/ edition ( ! ,vi5na ,catalogue1 ?is picture has receiv$ its prop] title4 ,,! ,,purification ,,( ,,! ,,virg91 ,,! ,,pres5tation1 ,,& ,,! ,,circumcision ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,ital4 ,la ,purificazione della ,b4 ,v]g9e4 ,g]4 ,die ,d>br+ung im ,tempel4 ,die ,bes*neidung ,*ri/i4 ,aft] ! bir? ( h] ,son1 ,m>y 0 c>eful to fulfil all ! c]emonies ( ! ,mosaic law4 ,z a fir/-born son1 he 0 to be r$eem$ by ! (f]+ ( five %ekels1 or a pair ( "y pigeons 79 memory ( ! fir/-born ( ,egypt74 ,b previ\sly1 be+ born ( ! *ildr5 ( ,abraham1 ! infant ,*ri/ 0 submitt$ to ! sangu9>y rite :i* seal$ ! cov5ant ( ,abraham1 & receiv$ ! "n ( ,,jesus--t "n be=e :i* e knee 0 to b[1 :i* 0 to be set above ! p[]s ( magic1 ! mighty rites ( sorc]]s1 ! secrets ( ,memphis1 ! drugs ( ,!ssaly1 ! sil5t & my/]i\s murmurs ( ! wise ,*aldees1 & ! spells ( ,zoroa/]2 t "n :i* we %\ld engrave on our he>ts1 & pron\nce ) our mo/ h>moni\s acc5ts1 & re/ our fai? on1 & place our hopes 91 & love ) ! ov]fl[+ ( *>ity1 joy1 & adoration4 7v4 ,bi%op ,taylor's ,life ( ,*ri/47 ,! circumcision & ! nam+ ( ,*ri/ h _m times be5 pa9t$ to express ! fir/ ( ! sorr[s ( ! ,virg91 be+ ! fir/ ( ! pangs :i* h] ,son 0 to suff] on e>?4 ,b ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple has be5 select$ ) bett] ta/e = ! same purpose2 & ! prophecy ( ,simeon1 ,yea1 a sword %all pi]ce ?r\gh ?y own s\l also1 becomes ! fir/ ( ! ,sev5 ,sorr[s4 ,x is an undecid$ po9t :e!r ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi took place ?irte5 days1 or "o ye> & ?irte5 days aft] ! bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,9 a s]ies ( subjects arti/ically arrang$1 ! ,epiphany always prec$es1 9 ord] ( "t1 t sc5e 9 ! temple :i* is sometimes /yl$ ! ,purification1 sometimes ! ,pres5tation & sometimes ! ,nunc ,dimitis4 ,!y are ?ree di/9ct incid5ts2 b1 z f> z ,i c judge1 nei!r ! pa9t]s !mselves1 nor ^? :o h nam$ pictures1 h be5 c>eful to discrim9ate betwe5 !m4 ,on a c>eful exam9ation ( v>i\s compositions1 "s ( special celebrity1 :i* are /yl$1 9 a g5]al way1 ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple1 x w appe>1 ,i ?9k1 t ! idea upp]mo/ 9 ! pa9t]'s m9d has be5 to repres5t ! prophecy ( ,simeon4 ,no d\bt1 9 lat] times1 ! :ole sc5e1 z a subject ( art1 0 consid]$ 9 ref]5ce *iefly to ! ,virg91 & ! int5tion 0 to express ! fir/ ( h] ,sev5 ,sorr[s4 ,b 9 anci5t art1 & especially 9 ,greek art1 ! "* ( ,simeon assum$ a s+ul> significance & importance1 :i* s long z mod]n art 0 influ5c$ by ! traditional ,byzant9e types1 modifi$1 9 "s degree1 ! arrangem5t & s5tim5t ( ?is fav\rite subject4 ,x is relat$ t :5 ,ptolemy ,philadelphus ab\t #bfj ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 resolv$ to h ! ,hebrew ,scriptures translat$ into ,greek1 = ! purpose ( plac+ !m 9 8 f>-fam$ libr>y1 he despat*$ mess5g]s to ,eleaz>1 ! ,high ,prie/ ( ! ,jews1 requir+ him to s5d scribes & int]pret]s le>n$ 9 ! ,jewi% law to 8 c\rt at ,alex&ria4 ,!reupon ,eleaz> select$ six ( ! mo/ le>n$ ,rabbis f ea* ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 sev5ty-two p]sons 9 all1 & s5t !m to ,egypt1 9 ob$i5ce to ! comm&s ( ,k+ ,ptolemy1 & among ^! 0 ,simeon1 a prie/1 & a man full ( le>n+4 ,& x fell to ! lot ( ,simeon to translate ! book ( ! prophet ,isaiah4 ,& :5 he came to t v]se :]e x is writt51 ,behold a ,virg9 %all conceive & be> a son1 he began to misd\bt1 9 8 own m9d1 h[ ?is c\ld be possible2 &1 aft] long m$itation1 fe>+ to give sc&al & (f5ce to ! ,greeks1 he r5d]$ ! ,hebrew ^w ,virg9 by a ,greek ^w :i* signifies m]ely a "y woman2 b :5 he _h writt5 x d[n1 behold an angel effac$ x1 & sub/itut$ ! "r ^w4 ,!reupon he wrote x aga9 & aga92 & ! same ?+ happ5$ ?ree times2 & he rema9$ a/oni%$ & conf\nd$4 ,& :ile he wond]$ :at ?is %\ld mean1 a ray ( div9e light p5etrat$ 8 s\l2 x 0 reveal$ to him t ! miracle :i*1 9 8 human wisdom he _h presum$ to d\bt1 0 n only possible1 b t he1 ,simeon1 %\ld n see dea? till he _h se5 ! ,"l's ,*ri/4 ,!re=e he t>ri$ on e>?1 by ! div9e w1 = ne>ly ?ree c5turies1 till t :i* he _h disbeliev$ _h come to pass4 ,he 0 l$ by ! ,_s to ! temple on ! v day :5 ,m>y came !re to pres5t h] ,son1 & to make h] (f]+1 & imm$iately1 tak+ ! ,*ild 9 8 arms1 he exclaim$1 ,"l1 n[ lette/ ?\ ?y s]vant dep>t 9 peace1 accord+ to ?y ^w4 ,& ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 also1 he prophesi$ sad & glori\s ?+s4 ,anna ! ,prophetess1 :o 0 /&+ by1 also te/ifi$ to ! pres5ce ( ! !ocratic ,k+3 b %e did n take him 9 h] arms1 z did ,simeon4 7,luke ii4 #hb47 ,h5ce1 %e 0 e>ly reg>d$ z a type ( ! synagogue1 :i* prophesi$ great ?+s ( ! ,messiah1 b1 nev]!less1 did n embrace him :5 he appe>$1 z did ! ,g5tiles4 ,t ^! curi\s leg5ds relative to ,simeon & ,anna1 & _! symbolical int]pretation1 7 well kn[n to ! old pa9t]s1 !re c be no d\bt2 & bo? 7 p]haps 9 ! m9d ( ,bi%op ,taylor :5 he wrote 8 eloqu5t *apt] on ! ,pres5tation4 ,!re be "s1 he says1 :o we> ! "n ( ,*ri/ on _! heads1 to make a %[ to ! _w2 & !re be "s :o h x always 9 _! m\?s2 & !re be "s :o c>ry ,*ri/ on _! %\ld]s1 z if he 7 a bur!n too heavy to be>2 & !re be "s--:o is me6--:o trample him "u _! feet1 b he is ! true ,*ri/ian :o1 l ,simeon1 embraces ,*ri/1 & takes him to 8 he>t4 ,n[1 x seems to me t x is di/9ctly ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ,*ri/ by ,simeon1--t is1 ,*ri/ receiv$ by ! ,g5tiles1--:i* is int5d$ to be plac$ be=e u 9 ! v e>ly pictures ( ! ,pres5tation1 or ! ,nunc dimittis1 z x is always /yl$ 9 ,greek art4 ,! appe>ance ( an att5dant1 be>+ ! two turtle-doves1 %[s x to be also ! s-call$ ,purification ( ! ,virg94 ,9 an antique =mal ,greek v]sion we h ! ,pres5tation exactly accord+ to ! patt]n describ$ by ,didron4 ,! great gold c5s] is !re2 ! cupola1 at top2 ,joseph c>ry+ ! two "y pigeons1 & ,anna beh9d ,simeon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 a celebrat$ composition by ,fra ,b>tolomeo1 !re is ! same disposition ( ! p]sonages1 b an additional female figure4 ,?is is n ,anna1 ! "m ( ! ,virg9 7z ,i h he>d x said71 b probably ,m>y ,salome1 :o _h always att5d$ on ! ,virg9 ev] s9ce ! ,nativity at ,be?lehem4 ,! subject is treat$ ) exquisite simplicity by ,francia2 we h j ! same p]sonages z 9 ! rude ,greek model1 b dispos$ ) consummate grace4 ,/ill1 to repres5t ! ,*ild z completely undrap$ has be5 consid]$ z a solecism4 ,he ought to /ret* out 8 h&s to 8 "m & to look z if he und]/ood ! port5t\s words :i* =etold 8 de/9y4 ,sometimes ! imag9ation is assi/$ by ! *oice ( ! accessories2 ?us ,fra ,b>tolomeo has giv5 u1 9 ! backgr\nd ( 8 gr\p1 ,moses hold+ ! brok5 table ( ! old law2 & ,francia repres5ts 9 ! same mann] ! sacrifice ( ,abraham2 = ?us did ,m>y br+ h] ,son z an (f]+4 ,9 _m pictures ,simeon raises 8 eyes to heav5 9 gratitude2 b ^? pa9t]s :o wi%$ to express ! pres5ce ( ! ,div9ity 9 ! p]son ( ,*ri/1 made ,simeon look+ at ! ,*ild1 & address+ him z ,"l4 ,,! ,,flight ,,into ,,egypt4 ,ital4 ,la ,fuga 9 ,egitto4 ,fr4 ,la ,fuite de la ,sa9te ,famille en ,egypte4 ,g]4 ,die ,flu*t na* gypt54 ,! wra? ( ,h]od aga9/ ! ,magi ( ! ,ea/ :o _h escap$ f 8 p[]1 enhanc$ by 8 fe>s ( ! div9e & k+ly ,infant1 occasion$ ! massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 :i* l$ to ! flight ( ! ,holy ,family into ,egypt4 ,( ! m>tyr$ *ildr51 9 _! "* ( m>tyrs1 ,i h already spok51 & ( _! prop] place 9 a s*eme ( ecclesia/ical decoration4 ,!re is surely some?+ v pa!tic 9 t feel+ :i* exalt$ ^! infant victims into objects ( religi\s v5]ation1 mak+ !m ! *]i%$ companions 9 heav5ly glory ( ! ,savi\r = ^: sake !y 7 sacrific$ on e>?4 ,he _h said1 ,suff] little *ildr5 to come unto me2 & to ^! 7 grant$ ! pr]ogatives ( pa91 z well z ! privileges ( innoc5ce4 ,if1 9 ! day ( retribution1 !y sit at ! feet ( ! ,r$eem]1 surely !y w appeal aga9/ u1 !n & !re2--aga9/ u :o1 9 ^! days1 ?r\gh our reckless neglect1 slay1 body & s\l1 legions ( innoc5ts1--poor little unble/ creatures1 m>tyrs by ! pang )\t ! palm1--yet d>e to call ourselves ,*ri/ians4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 z an ev5t1 belongs prop]ly to ! life ( ,*ri/3 x is n includ$ 9 a s]ies ( ! life ( ! ,virg91 p]haps f a feel+ t ! contra/ betwe5 ! mo/ bless$ ( wom5 & mo!rs1 & ^? :o wept di/ract$ = _! *ildr51 0 too pa9ful1 & did n h>monize ) ! g5]al subject4 ,9 pictures ( ! ,flight into ,egypt1 ,i h se5 x introduc$ allusively into ! backgr\nd2 & 9 ! ar*itectural decoration ( *ur*es d$icat$ to ! ,virg9 ,"m1 z ,notre ,dame de ,*>tres1 x f9ds a place1 b n (t5 a conspicu\s place2#a x is r indicat$ ?an repres5t$4 ,i %\ld pass ov] ! subject altoge!r1 be/ pleas$ to be sp>$ ! !me1 b t !re are "s circum/ances connect$ ) x :i* require elucidation1 because we f9d !m introduc$ incid5tally into pictures ( ! ,flight & ! ,riposo4 ,footnote #a3 ,x is conspicu\s & elegantly treat$ ov] ! door ( ! ,lor5z ,kir*e at ,nuremb]g4 ,?us1 x is relat$ t among ! *ildr5 :om ,h]od 0 b5t on de/roy+1 0 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/2 b 8 "m ,elizabe? fl$ ) him to a des]t place1 & be+ pursu$ by ! murd]]s1 ! rock op5$ by a miracle1 & close ^u ,elizabe? & h] *ild2 :i* means1 z we may presume1 t !y took refuge 9 a cav]n1 & 7 conceal$ )9 x until ! dang] 0 ov]4 ,za*>ias1 refus+ to betray 8 son1 0 sla9 betwe5 ! temple & ! alt>1 7,matt1 xxiii4 #ce47 ,bo? ^! leg5ds are to be met ) 9 ! ,greek pictures1 & 9 ! m9iatures ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies4#a ,footnote #a3 ,!y w be f\nd treat$ at l5g? 9 ! arti/ic subjects connect$ ) ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,f ! but*]y :i* made s _m mo!rs *ildless1 ! div9e ,infant & 8 "m 7 miracul\sly sav$2 = an angel spoke to ,joseph 9 a dream1 say+1 ,arise1 & take ! "y *ild & 8 "m1 & flee into ,egypt4 ,?is is ! second ( ! f\r angelic visions :i* are record$ ( ,joseph4 ,x is n a frequ5t subject 9 e>ly art1 b is (t5 met ) 9 pictures ( ! lat] s*ools4 ,joseph is asleep 9 8 *air1 ! angel /&s be=e him1 &1 ) a significant ge/ure1 po9ts =w>d--arise & flee6 ,!re is an exquisite little composition by ,titian1 call$ a ,riposo1 :i* may possibly repres5t ! prep>ation = ! ,flight4 ,"h ,m>y is seat$ "u a tree nurs+ h] ,infant1 :ile 9 ! backgr\nd is a sort ( rude /able1 9 :i* ,joseph is se5 saddl+ ! ass1 :ile ! ox is on ! outside4 ,9 a composition by ,ti>9i1 we see ,joseph hold+ ! ,infant1 :ile ,m>y1 lean+ "o h& on 8 %\ld]1 is ab\t to m\nt ! ass4 ,9 a composition by ,p\ss91 ,m>y1 :o has j seat$ h]self on ! ass1 takes ! ,*ild f ! arms ( ,joseph4 ,two angels lead ! ass1 a ?ird kneels 9 homage1 & two o!rs are se5 above ) a curta9 to pit* a t5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i mu/ notice "h a tradition t bo? ! ox & ! ass :o /ood ov] ! mang] at ,be?lehem1 accompani$ ! ,holy ,family into ,egypt4 ,9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s pr9t1 ! ox & ! ass walk side by side4 ,x is also relat$ t ! ,virg9 0 accompani$ by ,salome1 & ,joseph by ?ree ( 8 sons4 ,?is v]sion ( ! /ory is g5]ally reject$ by ! pa9t]s2 b 9 ! s]ies by ,giotto 9 ! ,ar5a at ,padua1 ,salome & ! ?ree y\?s att5d on ,m>y & ,joseph2 & ,i rememb] ano!r in/ance1 a little picture by ,lor5zo ,monaco1 9 :i* ,salome1 :o _h v[$ to att5d on ,*ri/ & 8 "m z long z %e liv$1 is se5 foll[+ ! ass1 veil$1 & support+ h] /eps ) a /aff4 ,b ?is is a r>e exception4 ,! g5]al treatm5t conf9es ! gr\p to ,joseph1 ! "m1 & ! ,*ild4 ,to ,joseph 0 grant$1 9 ^? h\rs ( di/ress & dang]1 ! high privilege ( provid+ = ! safety ( ! ,holy ,infant--a circum/ance mu* enl>g$ ^u 9 ! old leg5ds1 & to express ?is m vividly1 he is sometimes repres5t$ 9 e>ly ,greek art z c>ry+ ! ,*ild 9 8 arms1 or on 8 %\ld]1 :ile ,m>y foll[s on ! ass4 ,he is s figur$ on ! sculptur$ doors ( ! ca!dral ( ,b5ev5tum1 & 9 ! ca!dral ( ,monreale1 bo? execut$ by ,greek arti/s4#a ,b we are n to suppose t ! ,holy ,family 0 left def5celess on ! long j\rney4 ,! angels :o _h *>ge conc]n+ !m 7 s5t to guide !m by day1 to wat* ov] !m by night1 to pit* _! t5t be=e !m1 & to refre% !m ) cele/ial fruit & fl[]s4 ,by ! introduction ( ^! heav5ly m9i/]s ! gr\p is beautifully v>i$4 ,footnote #a3 #aa? c5tury4 ,also at ,citt di ,ca/ello2 same date4 ,joseph1 says ! ,gospel /ory1 arose by night2 h5ce !re is bo? mean+ & propriety 9 ^? pictures :i* repres5t ! ,flight z a night-sc5e1 illum9at$ by ! moon & />s1 ?\gh ,i believe ?is has be5 done m to exhibit ! pa9t]'s ma/]y ov] effects ( dubi\s light1 ?an z a matt] ( biblical accuracy4 ,sometimes an angel goes be=e1 c>ry+ a tor* or lant]n1 to light !m on ! way2 sometimes x is ,joseph :o c>ries ! lant]n4 ,9 a picture by ,nicolo ,p\ss91 ,m>y walks be=e1 c>ry+ ! ,infant2 ,joseph foll[s1 lead+ ! ass2 & an angel guides !m4 ,! j\rney did n1 h[ev]1 comprise "o night only4 ,!re is1 inde$1 an antique tradition1 t space & "t 71 on ?is occasion1 miracul\sly %ort5$ to secure a life ( s mu* importance2 /ill1 we are all[$ to believe t ! j\rney ext5d$ ov] _m days & nights2 consequ5tly x lay )9 ! *oice ( ! arti/ to exhibit ! sc5e ( ! ,flight ei!r by night or by day4 ,9 _m repres5tations ( ! ,flight into ,egypt1 we f9d 9 ! backgr\nd m5 s[+ or cutt+ corn4 ,?is is 9 allusion to ! foll[+ leg5d3-- ,:5 x 0 discov]$ t ! ,holy ,family _h fl$ f ,be?lehem1 ,h]od s5t 8 (fic]s 9 pursuit ( !m4 ,& x happ5$ t :5 ! ,holy ,family _h travell$ "s di/ance1 !y came to a field :]e a man 0 s[+ :eat4 ,& ! ,virg9 said to ! husb&man1 ,if any %all ask y :e!r we h pass$ ?is way1 ye %all answ]1 ',su* p]sons pass$ ?is way :5 ,i 0 s[+ ?is corn4' ,= ! holy ,virg9 0 too wise & too good to save h] ,son by in/ruct+ ! man to tell a falsehood4 ,b behold1 a miracle6 ,= by ! p[] ( ! ,infant ,savi\r1 9 ! space ( a s+le night1 ! se$ sprung up into /alk1 blade1 & e>1 fit = ! sickle4 ,& next morn+ ! (fic]s ( ,h]od came up1 & inquir$ ( ! husb&man1 say+1 ,h y se5 an old man ) a woman & a ,*ild travell+ ?is way8 ,& ! man1 :o 0 reap+ 8 :eat1 9 great wond] & admiration1 repli$ ,yes4 ,& !y ask$ aga91 ,h[ long is x s9ce8 ,& he answ]$4 ,:5 ,i 0 s[+ ?is :eat4 ,!n ! (fic]s ( ,h]od turn$ back1 & left (f pursu+ ! ,holy ,family4 ,a v rem>kable example ( ! introduction ( ?is leg5d occurs 9 a celebrat$ picture by ,hans ,heml+ 7,muni* ,gal41 ,cab9et iv4 #fi71 kn[n z ,die ,sieb5 ,freud5 ,m>i4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 on ! left1 is ! ,flight into ,egypt2 ! m5 cutt+ & reap+ corn1 & ! (fic]s ( ,h]od 9 pursuit ( ! ,holy ,family4 ,by ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! old leg5d1 ! introduction ( ! cornfield & reap]s is suppos$ to be m]ely a decorative l&scape1 )\t any peculi> significance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 a v beautiful fresco by ,p9turic*io1 7,rome1 ,/4 ,on(rio71 ! ,holy ,family are tak+ _! dep>ture f ,be?lehem4 ,! city1 ) ! massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 is se5 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,9 ! middle di/ance1 ! husb&man cutt+ corn2 & ne>]1 ! palm tree b5d+ d[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is suppos$ by comm5tators t ,joseph travell$ f ,be?lehem across ! hilly c\ntry ( ,judea1 tak+ ! road to ,joppa1 & !n pursu+ ! way along ! coa/4 ,no?+ is said 9 ! ,gospel ( ! ev5ts ( ?is long & p]il\s j\rney ( at lea/ #djj miles1 :i*1 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 mu/ h occupi$ five or six weeks2 & ! leg5d>y traditions are v few4 ,su* z !y are1 h[ev]1 ! pa9t]s h n fail$ to take advantage ( !m4 ,we are told t on desc5d+ f ! m\nta9s1 !y came d[n ^u a beautiful pla9 enamell$ ) fl[]s1 wat]$ by murmur+ /reams1 & %ad$ by fruit trees4 ,9 su* a lovely l&scape h ! pa9t]s delight$ to place "s ( ! sc5es ( ! ,flight into ,egypt4 ,on ano!r occasion1 !y ent]$ a ?ick =e/1 a wild]ness ( trees1 9 :i* !y mu/ h lo/ _! way1 _h !y n be5 guid$ by an angel4 ,"h we enc\nt] a leg5d :i* has hi!rto escap$1 because1 inde$1 x defi$1 ! art ( ! pa9t]4 ,z ! ,holy ,family ent]$ ?is =e/1 all ! trees b[$ !mselves d[n 9 rev]5ce to ! ,infant ,god2 only ! asp51 9 h] exce$+ pride & arrogance1 refus$ to ackn[l$ge him1 & /ood upright4 ,!n ! ,infant ,*ri/ pron\nc$ a curse aga9/ h]1 z he aft]w>ds curs$ ! b>r5 fig tree2 & at ! s\nd ( 8 words ! asp5 began to tremble ?r\gh all h] leaves1 & has n ceas$ to tremble ev5 to ?is day4 ,we "k f ,josephus ! hi/orian1 t ab\t ?is "t ,pale/9e 0 infe/$ by b&s ( robb]s4 ,!re is an anci5t tradition1 t :5 ! ,holy ,family travell+ ?r\gh hidd5 pa?s & solit>y defiles1 _h pass$ ,j]usalem1 & 7 desc5d+ into ! pla9s ( ,syria1 !y enc\nt]$ c]ta9 ?ieves :o fell ^u !m2 & "o ( !m w\ld h maltreat$ & plund]$ !m1 b 8 comrade int]f]$1 & said1 ,suff] !m1 ,i besee* !e1 to g 9 peace1 & ,i w give !e =ty groats1 & likewise my girdle2 :i* (f] be+ accept$1 ! m]ciful robb] l$ ! ,holy ,travell]s to 8 /ronghold on ! rock1 & gave !m lodg+ = ! night4 7,gospel ( ,infancy1 *4 viii47 ,& ,m>y said to him1 ,! ,"l ,god w receive !e to 8 "r h&1 & grant !e p>don ( ?y s9s6 ,& x 0 s3 = 9 aft] times ^! two ?ieves 7 crucifi$ ) ,*ri/1 "o on ! "r h&1 & "o on ! left2 & ! m]ciful ?ief w5t ) ! ,savi\r into ,p>adise4 ,! sc5e ( ?is enc\nt] ) ! robb]s1 ne> ,ramla1 is /ill po9t$ out to travell]s1 & /ill 9 evil repute z ! haunt ( b&itti4 ,! crusad]s visit$ ! spot z a place ( pilgrimage2 & ! ,abb ,ors9i consid]s ! fir/ "p ( ! /ory z au!nticat$2 b ! leg5d conc]n+ ! good ?ief he admits to be d\btful4 7,vie de la ,/e4 ,vi]ge47 ,z an arti/ic subject ?is sc5e has be5 seldom treat$4 ,i h se5 two pictures :i* repres5t x4 ,"o is a fresco by ,giovanni di ,san ,giovanni1 :i*1 hav+ be5 cut f ! wail ( "s suppress$ conv5t1 is n[ 9 ! academy at ,flor5ce4 ,! o!r is a composition by ,zucc>o4 ,"o ( ! mo/ popul> leg5ds conc]n+ ! ,flight into ,egypt is t ( ! palm or date tree1 :i* at ! comm& ( ,jesus b[$ d[n its bran*es to %ade & refre% 8 "m2 h5ce1 9 ! sc5e ( ! ,flight1 a palm tree became a usual accessory4 ,9 a picture by ,antonello ,mellone1 ! ,*ild /ret*es out 8 little h& & lays hold ( ! bran*3 sometimes ! bran* is b5t d[n by angel h&s4 ,sozom5es relates1 t :5 ! ,holy ,family rea*$ ! t]m ( _! j\rney1 & approa*$ ! city ( ,heliopolis 9 ,egypt1 a tree :i* grew be=e ! gates ( ! city1 & 0 reg>d$ ) great v5]ation z ! seat ( a god1 b[$ d[n its bran*es at ! approa* ( ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,likewise x is relat$ 7n 9 leg5ds m]ely1 b by grave religi\s au?orities7 t all ! idols ( ! ,egyptians fell ) _! faces to ! e>?4 ,i h se5 pictures ( ! ,flight into ,egypt1 9 :i* brok5 idols lie by ! wayside4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! j\rney ! ,holy ,travell]s _h to cross riv]s & lakes2 h5ce ! lat] pa9t]s1 to v>y ! subject1 repres5t$ !m z emb>k+ 9 a boat1 sometimes /e]$ by an angel4 ,! fir/1 z ,i h reason to believe1 :o v5tur$ on ?is innovation1 0 ,annibale ,c>acci4 ,9 a picture by ,p\ss91 ! ,holy ,family are ab\t to emb>k4 ,9 a picture by ,giordano1 an angel ) "o knee b5t1 assi/s ,m>y to ent] ! boat4 ,9 a pretty little picture by ,t5i]s1 ! ,holy ,family & ! ass are se5 9 a boat cross+ a f]ry by moonlight2 sometimes !y are cross+ a bridge4 ,i mu/ notice "h a little picture by ,adrian ,v&] ,w]ff1 9 :i* ! ,virg91 c>ry+ h] ,*ild1 holds by ! h& ! old decrepit ,joseph1 :o is help+ h]1 or r is help$ by h]1 to pass a torr5t on "s /epp+-/ones4 ,?is is q contr>y to ! feel+ ( ! old au?orities1 :i* repres5t ,joseph z ! vigilant & capable gu>dian ( ! ,"m & h] ,*ild3 b x appe>s to h "h a r p>ticul> & t\*+ significance2 x 0 pa9t$ by ,v&] ,w]ff = 8 daught] 9 8 old age1 & int5d$ to express h] filial duty & 8 pat]nal c>e4 ,! mo/ beautiful ,flight into ,egypt ,i h ev] se51 is a composition by ,gaud5zio ,f]r>i4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ & su/a9$ on ! ass ) a q peculi> elegance4 ,! ,infant1 /&+ on h] knee1 seems to po9t out ! way2 an angel leads ! ass1 & ,joseph foll[s ) ! /aff & wallet4 ,9 ! backgr\nd ! palm tree incl9es its bran*es4 7,at ,v>allo1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,m9orites47 ,claude has introduc$ ! ,flight ( ! ,holy ,family z a l&scape gr\p into n9e diff]5t pictures4 ,,! ,,repose ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,family4 ,ital4 ,il ,riposo4 ,fr4 ,le ,repos de la ,sa9te ,famille4 ,g]4 ,die ,ruhe 9 gypt54 ,! subject g5]ally /yl$ a ,riposo is "o ( ! mo/ graceful & mo/ attractive 9 ! :ole range ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 an anci5t subject1 = ,i _c recall an in/ance e>li] ?an ! sixte5? c5tury2 x _h 9 its accessories t romantic & pa/oral "* :i* recomm5d$ x to ! ,v5etians & to ! l&scape-pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & among ^! we mu/ look = ! mo/ successful & beautiful examples4 ,i mu/ beg9 by obs]v+ t x is a subject n only easily mi/ak5 by ^? :o h /udi$ pictures2 b p]petually misconceiv$ & misrepres5t$ by ! pa9t]s !mselves4 ,"s pictures :i* errone\sly be> ?is title1 7 nev] int5d$ to d s4 ,o!rs1 int5d$ to repres5t ! sc5e1 are disfigur$ & p]plex$ by mi/akes aris+ ei!r f ! ignorance or ! c>elessness ( ! arti/4 ,we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! ,riposo1 prop]ly s call$1 is n m]ely ! ,holy ,family seat$ 9 a l&scape2 x is an episode ( ! ,flight into ,egypt1 & is ei!r ! re/ on ! j\rney1 or at ! close ( ! j\rney2 q diff]5t sc5es1 ?\gh all g by ! same "n4 ,x is n an ideal religi\s gr\p1 b a reality1 a possible & actual sc5e2 & x is cle> t ! pa9t]1 if he ?\ght at all1 & did n m]ely set himself to fabricate a pretty composition1 0 re/rict$ )9 ! limits ( ! actual & possible1 at lea/ accord+ to ! hi/ories & traditions ( ! "t4 ,"s ( ! accessories introduc$ w\ld /amp ! int5tion at once2 z ! date tree1 & ,joseph ga!r+ dates2 ! ass fe$+ 9 ! di/ance2 ! wallet & pilgrim's /aff laid beside ,joseph2 ! fall5 idols2 ! ,virg9 scoop+ wat] f a f\nta92 = all ^! are incid5ts :i* prop]ly belong to ! ,riposo4 ,x is n[h]e record$2 ei!r 9 ,scripture or 9 ! leg5d>y /ories1 t ,m>y & ,joseph 9 _! flight 7 accompani$ by ,elizabe? & ! little ,/4 ,john2 !re=e1 :]e ei!r ( ^! are introduc$1 ! subject is n prop]ly a ,riposo1 :atev] ! int5tion ( ! pa9t] may h be53 ! p]sonages ought to be re/rict$ to ! ,virg91 h] ,infant1 & ,/4 ,joseph1 ) att5dant angels4 ,an old woman is sometimes introduc$1 ! same :o is traditionally suppos$ to h accompani$ !m 9 _! flight4 ,if ?is old woman be manife/ly ,/4 ,anna or ,/4 ,elizabe?1 !n x is n a ,riposo1 b m]ely a ,holy ,family4 ,x is relat$ t ! ,holy ,family f9ally re/$1 aft] _! long j\rney1 9 ! village ( ,mat>ea1 beyond ! city ( ,h]mopolis 7or ,heliopolis71 & took up _! resid5ce 9 a grove ( sycamores1 a circum/ance :i* gave ! sycamore tree a sort ( religions int]e/ 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian times4 ,! crusad]s import$ x into ,europe2 & poor ,m>y ,/u>t may h _h ?is idea1 or ?is feel+ :5 %e br\ght f ,france1 & plant$ 9 h] g>d51 ! fir/ sycamores :i* grew 9 ,scotl&4 ,ne> to ?is village ( ,mat>ea1 a f\nta9 miracul\sly sprung up = ! refre%m5t ( ! ,holy ,family4 ,x /ill exi/s1 z we are in=m$ by travell]s1 & is /ill /yl$ by ! ,arabs1 ,! ,f\nta9 ( ,m>y4#a ,?is f\nta9 is frequ5tly repres5t$1 z 9 ! well-kn[n ,riposo by ,correggio1 :]e ! ,virg9 is dipp+ a b[l into ! gu%+ /ream1 h5ce call$ ! ,madonna della ,scodella 7,p>ma73 9 ano!r by ,b>occio 7,grosv5or ,gal471 & ano!r by ,dom5i*9o 7,l\vre1 #dia74 ,footnote #a3 ,! site ( ?is f\nta9 is ab\t f\r miles ,n4,e4 ( ,cairo4 ,9 ?is f\nta91 says ano!r leg5d1 ,m>y wa%$ ! l95 ( ! ,*ild4 ,!re are sev]al pictures :i* repres5t ! ,virg9 wa%+ l95 9 a f\nta92 = example1 "o by ,lucio ,mass>i1 :]e1 9 a *>m+ l&scape1 ! little ,*ri/ takes ! l95 out ( a basket1 & ,joseph hangs x on a l9e to dry4 7,flor5ce ,gal47 ,! m9i/ry ( ! angels is "h n only all[able1 b beautifully appropriate2 & nev] has x be5 m felicit\sly & m gracefully express$ ?an 9 a little composition by ,lucas ,crana*1 :]e ! ,virg9 & h] ,*ild repose "u a tree1 :ile ! angels dance 9 a circle r\nd !m4 ,! cause ( ! ,flight--! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts--is figuratively express$ by two w+$ boys1 :o1 seat$ on a b\gh ( ! tree1 are se5 robb+ a ne/1 & wr++ ! necks ( ! ne/l+s1 :ile ! p>5t-birds scream & flutt] ov] _! heads3 9 po9t ( ta/e1 ?is significant allegory _h be5 bett] omitt$2 x spoils ! h>mony ( composition4 ,!re is ano!r simil> gr\p1 q z graceful1 by ,david ,hopf]4 ,v&yck seems to h _h bo? 9 8 memory :5 he design$ ! v beautiful ,riposo s (t5 copi$ & engrav$ 7,coll4 ( ,"l ,a%burton72 "h ! ,virg9 is seat$ "u a tree1 9 an op5 l&scape1 & holds h] div9e ,*ild2 ,joseph1 beh9d1 seems asleep2 9 front ( ! ,virg91 eight lovely angels dance 9 a r\nd1 :ile o!rs1 seat$ 9 ! sky1 make heav5ly music4 ,9 ano!r s+ul> & *>m+ ,riposo by ,lucas ,crana*1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild are seat$ "u a tree2 to ! left ( ! gr\p is a f\nta91 :]e a numb] ( little angels appe> to be wa%+ l952 to ! "r1 ,joseph approa*es lead+ ! ass1 & 9 ! act ( rev]5tly remov+ 8 cap4 ,!re is a ,riposo by ,alb]t ,dur] :i* ,i _c pass ov]4 ,x is t\*$ ) all t homely dome/ic feel+1 & at ! same "t all t f]tility ( fancy1 :i* are s *>act]i/ic ( t extraord9>y man4 ,we are told t :5 ,joseph took up 8 resid5ce at ,mat>ea 9 ,egypt1 he provid$ = 8 wife & ,*ild by ex]cis+ 8 trade z a c>p5t]4 ,9 ?is composition he appe>s 9 ! =egr\nd dress$ z an artisan ) an apron on1 & ) an axe 9 8 h& is %ap+ a plank ( wood4 ,m>y sits on "o side sp9n+ ) h] di/aff1 & wat*+ h] ,infant slumb]+ 9 its cradle4 ,ar\nd ?is dome/ic gr\p we h a cr[d ( m9i/]+ angels2 "s ( ^! little w+$ spirits are assi/+ ,joseph1 sweep+ up ! *ips & ga!r+ !m into baskets2 o!rs are m]ely sport+ at _! own sweet w4 ,sev]al m dignifi$-look+ angels1 hav+ ! air ( gu>dian spirits1 /& or kneel r\nd ! cradle1 b5d+ ov] x ) fold$ h&s4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! fam\s set ( wood cuts ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,9 a ,riposo by ,titian1 ! ,infant lies on a pill[ on ! gr\nd1 & ! ,virg9 is kneel+ be=e him1 :ile ,joseph leans on 8 pilgrim's /aff1 to :i* is susp5d$ a wallet4 ,9 ano!r1 two angels1 kneel+1 (f] fruits 9 a basket2 9 ! di/ance1 a little angel wat]s ! ass at a /ream4 7,all ^! are engrav$47 ,! angels1 accord+ to ! leg5d1 n only m9i/]$ to ! ,holy ,family1 b pit*$ a t5t nightly1 9 :i* !y 7 %elt]$4 ,p\ss91 9 an exquisite picture1 has repres5t$ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild repos+ "u a curta9 susp5d$ f ! bran*es ( a tree & p>tly su/a9$ by angels1 :ile o!rs1 kneel+1 (f] fruit4 7,grosv5or ,gal47 ,p\ss9 is ! only pa9t] :o has attempt$ to express ! locality4 ,9 "o ( 8 pictures ! ,holy ,family reposes on ! /eps ( an ,egyptian temple2 a sph9x & a pyramid are visible 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,9 ano!r ,riposo by ! same ma/]1 an ,e?iopian boy pres5ts fruits to ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,joseph is frequ5tly asleep1 :i* is h>dly consonant ) ! _s ( ! old] leg5ds4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a beautiful idea to make ! ,*ild & ,joseph bo? repos+1 :ile ! ,virg9 ,"m1 ) eyes uprais$ to heav51 wakes & wat*es1 z 9 a picture by ,mola 7,l\vre1 #bfi72 b a yet m beautiful idea to repres5t ! ,virg9 & ,joseph sunk 9 sleep1 :ile ! div9e ,infant ly+ 9 8 "m's arms wakes & wat*es = bo?1 ) 8 little h&s jo9$ 9 pray]1 & 8 eyes fix$ on ! hov]+ angels or ! op5+ skies above4 ,9 a ,riposo by ,rembr&t1 ! ,holy ,family re/ by night1 & are illum9at$ only by a lant]n susp5d$ on ! b\gh ( a tree1 ! :ole gr\p hav+ mu* ! air ( a gypsy encampm5t4 ,b "o ( ,rembr&t's imitators has 9 8 own way improv$ on ?is fancy2 ! ,virg9 sleeps on a bank ) ! ,*ild on h] bosom2 ,joseph1 :o looks extremely l an old t9k]1 is d\bl+ 8 fi/ at ! ass1 :i* has op5$ its m\? to bray4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e quitt+ ! subject ( ! ,riposo1 ,i mu/ m5tion a v pretty & poetical leg5d1 :i* ,i h met ) 9 "o picture only2 a description ( x may1 h[ev]1 lead to ! recognition ( o!rs4 ,!re is1 9 ! collection ( ,"l ,%rewsbury1 at ,alton ,t[]s1 a ,riposo attribut$ to ,giorgione1 rem>kable equally = ! beauty & ! s+ul>ity ( ! treatm5t4 ,! ,holy ,family are seat$ 9 ! mid/ ( a wild b ri* l&scape1 q 9 ! ,v5etian /yle2 ,joseph is asleep2 ! two *ildr5 are play+ ) a lamb4 ,! ,virg91 seat$ holds a book1 & turns r\nd1 ) an expression ( surprise & al>m1 to a female figure :o /&s on ! "r4 ,?is woman has a d>k physiognomy1 ample fl[+ drap]y ( r$ & :ite1 a :ite turban twi/$ r\nd h] head1 & /ret*es out h] h& ) ! air ( a sibyl4 ,! explanation ( ?is /rik+ gr\p ,i f\nd 9 an old ballad-leg5d4 ,e "o :o has /udi$ ! moral z well z ! te*nical "* ( ! v>i\s s*ools ( art1 mu/ h rem>k$ h[ (t5 ! ,v5etians 7& ,giorgione m especially7 pa9t$ gr\ps f ! popul> fictions & ballads ( ! "t2 & x has (t5 be5 regrett$ t _m ( ^! pictures are becom+ un9telligible to u f our hav+ lo/ ! key to !m1 9 los+ all trace ( ! fugitive poems or tales :i* sugge/$ !m4 ,! religi\s ballad ,i allude to mu/ h be5 popul> 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 x exi/s 9 ! ,prov5al dialect1 9 ,g]man1 & 9 ,italian2 &1 l ! wild ballad ( ,/4 ,john ,*ryso/om1 x probably came 9 "s =m or o!r f ! ,ea/4 ,! !me is1 9 all ^! v]sions1 sub/antially ! same4 ,! ,virg91 on h] arrival 9 ,egypt1 is enc\nt]$ by a gypsy 7,z+>a or ,z+>ella71 :o crosses ! ,*ild's palm aft] ! gypsy mann]1 & =etells all ! wond]ful & t]rible ?+s :i*1 z ! ,r$eem] ( mank9d1 he 0 de/9$ to p]=m & endure on e>?4 ,an ,italian v]sion :i* lies be=e me is entitl$1 ,canzonetta nuova1 sopra la ,madonna1 qu&o si "p 9 ,egitto col ,bamb9o ,ges e ,san ,giuseppe1 ,a new ,ballad ( our ,lady1 :5 %e fl$ into ,egypt ) ! ,*ild ,jesus & ,/4 ,joseph4 ,x beg9s ) a conv]sation betwe5 ! ,virg91 :o has j arriv$ f h] long j\rney1 & ! gypsy-woman1 :o ?us salutes h]3-- ,,z+>ella4 ,dio ti salvi1 bella ,signora1 ,e ti dia buona v5tura4 ,b5 v5uto1 vec*i>ello1 ,con que/o bamb9o bello6 ,,madonna4 ,b5 trovata1 sorella mia1 ,la sua grazia ,dio ti dia4 ,ti p]doni i tuoi peccati ,l' inf9it sua bontade4 ,,z+>ella4 ,siete /an*i e mes*9i1 ,cr$o1 pov]i pellegr9i ,*e c]cate d' alloggi>e4 ,vuoi1 ,signora1 scavalc>e8 ,,madonna4 ,voi *e siete1 sorella mia1 ,tutta pi5a di cortesia1 ,dio vi r5da la c>it ,p] l'inf9it sua bont4 ,noi v5iam da ,naz>etta1 ,siamo s5za alcun ricetto1 ,arrivati all' /rania ,/an*i e lassi dalla via6 ,,gypsy4 ,god save !e1 fair ,lady1 & give !e good luck ,welcome1 good old man1 ) ?is ?y fair ,*ild6 ,,m>y4 ,well met1 si/] m9e6 ,god give !e grace1 & ( 8 inf9ite m]cy =give !e ?y s9s6 ,,gypsy4 ,ye are tir$ & droop+1 poor pilgrims1 z ,i ?9k1 seek+ a night's lodg+4 ,lady1 wilt ?\ *oose to alight8 ,,m>y4 ,o si/] m9e6 full ( c\rtesy1 ,god ( 8 inf9ite goodness rew>d !e = ?y *>ity4 ,we are come f ,naz>e?1 & we are )\t a place to lay our heads1 arriv$ 9 a /range l&1 all tir$ & we>y ) ! way6 ,! ,z+>ella !n (f]s !m a re/+-place1 & /raw & fodd] = ! ass1 :i* be+ accept$1 %e asks leave to tell _! =tune1 b beg9s by rec\nt+1 9 ab\t ?irty /anzas1 all ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 pilgrim2 %e !n asks to see ! ,*ild-- ,ora tu1 ,signora mia4 ,*e sei pi5a di cortesia1 ,mo/ramelo p] favore ,lo tuo ,figlio ,r$5tore6 ,& n[1 ,o ,lady m9e1 t art full ( c\rtesy1 grant me to look ^u ?y ,son1 ! ,r$eem]6 ,! ,virg9 takes him f ! arms ( ,joseph-- ,datemi1 o c>o sposo1 ,lo mio ,figlio grazioso6 ,qu&o il vide /a mes*9a ,z+>ella1 *e indov9a6 ,give me1 de> husb&1 my lovely boy1 t ?is poor gypsy1 :o is a prophetess1 may look ^u him4 ,! gypsy responds ) becom+ admiration & humility1 praises ! beauty ( ! ,*ild1 & !n proce$s to exam9e 8 palm3 :i* hav+ done1 %e breaks =? into a prophecy ( all ! awful future1 tells h[ he w\ld be baptiz$1 & tempt$1 sc\rg$1 & f9ally hung ^u a cross-- ,que/o ,figlio acc>ezzato ,tu lo v$rai ammazzato ,sopra d'una dura croce1 ,figlio bello6 ,figlio dolce6 b consoles ! disconsolate ,"m1 doom$ to hon\r = ! sake ( u s9n]s-- ,sei arrivata a tanti onori ,p] noi altri ,peccatori6 & ends by begg+ an alms-- ,non ti vo' pi infa/idire1 ,bella ,signora2 s *i hai a f>e4 ,dona la limos9ella ,a /a pov]a ,z+>ella true rep5tance & et]nal life4 ,vo' una v]a contrizione ,p] la tua int]cezione1 ,accio /' alma dopo morte ,tragga alle cele/i porte6 ,& s ! /ory ends4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 ,i ?9k1 t we h "h ! orig9al !me ( ,giorgione's picture1 & p]haps ( o!rs4 ,9 ! ,prov5al ballad1 !re are ?ree gypsies1 m51 n wom51 introduc$1 :o tell ! =tune ( ! ,virg9 & ,joseph1 z well z t ( ! ,*ild1 & end by begg+ alms to wet _! ?ir/y ?roats4 ,( ?is v]sion !re is a v spirit$ & *>act]i/ic translation by ,mr4 ,k5yon1 "u ! title ( a ,gypsy ,c>ol4#a ,footnote #a3 ,a ,day at ,tivoli1 ) o!r ,v]ses1 by ,john ,k5yon1 p4 #adi4 ,,! ,,return ,,f ,,egypt4 ,accord+ to "s au?orities1 ! ,holy ,family soj\rn$ 9 ,egypt dur+ a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s1 b o!rs ass]t t !y return$ to ,judea at ! end ( two ye>s4 ,9 g5]al ! pa9t]s h express$ ! ,return f ,egypt by exhibit+ ,jesus z no long] an infant su/a9$ 9 8 "m's arms1 b z a boy walk+ at h] side4 ,9 a picture by ,francesco ,vanni1 he is a boy ab\t two or ?ree ye>s old1 & c>ries a little basket full ( c>p5t]'s tools4 ,! occasion ( ! ,flight & ,return is indicat$ by ?ree or f\r ( ! m>tyr$ ,innoc5ts1 :o are ly+ on ! gr\nd4 ,9 a picture by ,dom5ico ,feti two ( ! ,innoc5ts are ly+ dead on ! roadside4 ,9 a v graceful1 animat$ picture by ,rub5s1 ,m>y & ,joseph lead ! "y ,*ri/ betwe5 !m1 & ! ,virg9 we>s a l>ge /raw hat4 ,,hi/orical ,,subjects4 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,,f ,,! ,,soj\rn ,,9 ,,egypt ,,to ,,! ,,crucifixion ,,( ,,our ,,"l4 #a4 ,,! ,,holy ,,family4 #b4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,seeks ,,h] ,,son4 #c4 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,joseph4 #d4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,at ,,cana4 #e4 ,,lo ,,spasimo4 #f4 ,,! ,,crucifixion4 #g4 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,f ,,! ,,cross4 #h4 ,,! ,,entombm5t4 ,,! ,,holy ,,family4 ,:5 ! ,holy ,family "u div9e protection1 _h return$ safely f _! soj\rn 9 ,egypt1 !y 7 ab\t to repair to ,be?lehem2 b ,joseph he>+ t ,ar*elaus did reign 9 ,judea 9 ! room ( 8 fa!r ,h]od1 he 0 afraid to g ?i!r2 & be+ w>n$ ( ,god 9 a dream1 he turn$ aside into ,galilee1 & came to ! city ( ,naz>e?1 :i* 0 ! native place & home ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,"h ,joseph dwelt1 foll[+ 9 peace 8 trade ( a c>p5t]1 & br++ up 8 reput$ ,son to ! same craft3 & "h ,m>y nurtur$ h] div9e ,*ild2 & he grew & wax$ /rong 9 _s1 & ! grace ( ,god 0 ^u him4 ,no o!r ev5t is record$ until ,jesus _h rea*$ 8 twelf?1 ye>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is1 !n1 is ! prop] place to introduce "s notice ( ^? repres5tations ( ! dome/ic life ( ! ,virg9 & ! infancy ( ! ,savi\r1 :i*1 9 all _! endless v>iety1 pass "u ! g5]al title ( ,,! ,,holy ,,family--! beautiful title ( a beautiful subject1 address$ 9 ! lovelie/ & mo/ famili> =m at once to ! piety & ! affections ( ! behold]4 ,^! gr\ps1 s num]\s1 & ( su* p]petual recurr5ce1 t !y alone =m a l>ge proportion ( ! cont5ts ( picture gall]ies & ! ornam5ts ( *ur*es1 are1 aft] all1 a mod]n innovation 9 sacr$ art4 ,:at may be call$ ! dome/ic treatm5t ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,virg9 _c be trac$ f>!r back ?an ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,x is1 inde$1 common to class all ^? pictures z ,holy ,families :i* include any ( ! relatives ( ,*ri/ gr\p$ ) ! ,"m & h] ,*ild2 b ,i mu/ "h recapitulate & insi/ ^u ! di/9ction to be drawn betwe5 ! dome/ic & ! devotional treatm5t ( ! subject2 a di/9ction ,i h be5 c>eful to keep 9 view ?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( sacr$ art1 & :i*1 9 ?is p>ticul> subject1 dep5ds on a diff]5ce 9 s5tim5t & int5tion1 m easily felt ?an set d[n 9 words4 ,x is1 ,i mu/ repeat1 a devotional gr\p :]e ! sacr$ p]sonages are plac$ 9 direct relation to ! wor%ipp]s1 & :]e _! sup]natural "* is p>am\nt to e o!r4 ,x is a dome/ic or an hi/orical gr\p1 a ,holy ,family prop]ly s call$1 :5 ! p]sonages are plac$ 9 direct relation to ea* o!r by "s l9k ( action or s5tim5t1 :i* expresses ! family connection betwe5 !m1 or by "s action :i* has a dramatic r ?an a religi\s significance4 ,! ,italians draw ?is di/9ction 9 ! title ,sacra ,conv]sazione giv5 to ! fir/-nam$ subject1 & t ( ,sacra ,famiglia giv5 to ! la/4 ,= in/ance1 if ! ,virg91 wat*+ h] sleep+ ,*ild1 puts h] f+] on h] lip to sil5ce ! little ,/4 ,john2 !re is "h no relation betwe5 ! spectator & ! p]sons repres5t$1 except t ( unbidd5 sympa?y3 x is a family gr\p2 a dome/ic sc5e4 ,b if ,/4 ,john1 look+ out ( ! picture1 po9ts to ! ,infant1 ,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god6 !n ! :ole repres5tation *anges its significance2 ,/4 ,john assumes ! "* ( precursor1 & we1 ! spectators1 are directly address$ & call$ ^u to ackn[l$ge ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,savi\r ( mank9d4 ,if ,/4 ,joseph1 kneel+1 pres5ts fl[]s to ! ,infant ,*ri/1 :ile ,m>y looks on t5d]ly 7z 9 a gr\p by ,raphael71 x is an act ( homage :i* expresses ! mutual relation ( ! ?ree p]sonages2 x is a ,holy ,family3 :]eas1 9 ! picture by ,murillo1 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 :]e ,joseph & ,m>y pres5t ! "y ,r$eem] to ! homage ( ! spectator1 :ile ! =m ( ! ,,padre ,,et]no1 & ! ,holy ,_s1 ) att5dant angels1 are float+ above1 we h a devotional gr\p1 a ,sacra ,conv]sazione3--x is1 9 fact a mat]ial repres5tation ( ! ,tr9ity2 & ! introduction ( ,joseph into su* imm$iate prop9quity ) ! p]sonages ackn[l$g$ z div9e is "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! lat] s*ools ( !ological art4 ,x c\ld n possibly h occurr$ be=e ! end ( ! sixte5? or ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! introduction ( p]sons :o c\ld n h be5 contempor>y1 z ,/4 ,francis or ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 r5d]s ! gr\p ideal & devotional4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z ,i h already obs]v$1 ! introduction ( att5dant angels does n place ! subject out ( ! doma9 ( ! actual2 = ! pa9t]s lit]ally r5d]$ :at 9 ! ,scripture text is di/9ctly set d[n & lit]ally int]pret$1 ,he %all give 8 angels *>ge conc]n+ !e4 ,:]ev] liv$ & mov$ ! ,infant ,godhead1 angels 7 always suppos$ to be pres5t2 !re=e x lay )9 ! prov9ce ( an art address$ especially to our s5ses1 to place !m bodily be=e u1 & to give to ^! heav5ly att5dants a visible %ape & be>+ wor?y ( _! bless$ m9i/ry4 ,! devotional gr\ps1 ( :i* ,i h already treat$ mo/ fully1 ev5 :ile plac$ by ! accessories q beyond ! range ( actual life1 h be5 too (t5 vulg>iz$ & =maliz$ by a trivial or m]ely conv5tional treatm5t4#a ,9 ^! really dome/ic sc5es1 :]e ! pa9t] s\ght unreprov$ 8 models 9 simple nature1 & tru/$ = 8 effect to :at 0 holie/ & mo/ immutable 9 our common humanity1 he mu/ h be5 a bungl] inde$ if he did n succe$ 9 t\*+ "s responsive *ord ( sympa?y 9 ! bosom ( ! obs]v]4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 ! secret ( ! univ]sal1 &1 9 g5]al1 des]v$ popul>ity ( ^! ,holy ,families4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ! ,mat] ,amabilis & ! ,pa/oral ,madonnas1 p4 #bbi1 #bci4 ,,two ,,figures4 ,! simple/ =m ( ! family gr\p is conf9$ to two figures1 & expresses m]ely ! relation betwe5 ! ,"m & ! ,*ild4 ,! motif is precisely ! same z 9 ! =mal1 goddess-l1 en?ron$ ,madonnas ( ! antique "t2 b "h q o!rwise work$ out1 & appeal+ to o!r sympa?ies4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! int5tion 0 to ass]t ! conte/$ pret5sions ( ! human "m to div9e hon\rs2 "h x 0 r to ass]t ! humanity ( h] div9e ,son2 & we h be=e u1 9 ! simple/ =m1 ! fir/ & holie/ ( all ! social relations4 ,! primal in/9ct1 z ! fir/ duty1 ( ! "m1 is ! n\ri%m5t ( ! life %e has giv54 ,a v common subject1 !re=e1 is ,m>y 9 ! act ( fe$+ h] ,*ild f h] bosom4 ,i h already obs]v$ t1 :5 fir/ adopt$1 ?is 0 a !ological !me2 an answ]1 9 =m1 to ! *all5ge ( ! ,ne/orians1 ,%all we call him ,god1 :o ha? suck$ 8 "m's brea/8 ,!n1 & = at lea/ #ejj ye>s aft]w>ds1 ! simple mat]nal action involv$ a religi\s dogma1 & 0 ! visible expon5t ( a controv]t$ article ( fai?4 ,all su* controv]sy _h long ceas$1 & c]ta9ly !re 0 no ?\ght ( insi/+ on a po9t ( !ology 9 ! m9ds ( ^? secul> pa9t]s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 :o h set =? ! repres5tation ) su* an affectionate & delicate grace2 nor yet 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o conv]t$ ! lovely gr\p into a moral lesson4 ,= example1 we f9d 9 ! works ( ,j]emy ,taylor 7"o ( ! lights ( our ,prote/ant ,*ur*7 a long homily ,( nurs+ *ildr51 9 imitation ( ! bless$ ,virg9 ,"m2 & pr9ts & pictures ( ! ,virg9 ?us occupi$ (t5 be> significant titles & inscriptions ( ! same import2 su* z ,le prmi] devoir d'une mre1 c4 ,i d n f9d ?is motif 9 any kn[n picture by ,raphael3 b 9 "o ( 8 designs1 engrav$ by ,m>c ,antonio1 x is repres5t$ ) *>act]i/ic grace & delicacy4 ,goe! describes ) delight a picture by ,correggio1 9 :i* ! att5tion ( ! ,*ild seems divid$ betwe5 ! bosom ( 8 "m1 & "s fruit (f]$ by an angel4 ,he calls ?is subject ,! ,wean+ ( ! ,infant ,*ri/4 ,correggio1 if n ! v fir/1 is c]ta9ly among ! fir/ ( ! ,italians :o treat$ ?is motif 9 ! simple dome/ic /yle4 ,o!rs ( ! ,lomb>d s*ool foll[$ him2 & ,i "k n a m exquisite example ?an ! mat]nal gr\p by ,sol>io1 n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 /yl$ ,la ,vi]ge l',oreill] v]d1 f ! col\r ( ! pill[ on :i* ! ,*ild is ly+4 ,! subject is frequ5t 9 ! contempor>y ,g]man & ,flemi% s*ools ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! next c5tury1 !re are *>m+ examples by ! ,bologna pa9t]s & ! ,naturali/i1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 & ,flemi%4 ,i w\ld p>ticul>ly po9t to "o by ,ago/9o ,c>acci 7,p>ma71 & to ano!r by ,v&yck 7t engrav$ by ,b>tolozzi71 z examples ( elegance2 :ile 9 ! num]\s specim5s by ,rub5s we h m]ely 8 own wife & son1 pa9t$ ) all t co>se vigor\s life1 & homely affectionate expression1 :i* 8 own /rong dome/ic feel+s c\ld l5d !m4 ,we h 9 o!r pictures ! relation betwe5 ! ,"m & ,*ild express$ & v>i$ 9 a ?\s& ways2 z :]e %e contemplates him fondly--kisses him1 press+ 8 *eeks to h]s2 or !y sport ) a rose1 or an apple1 or a bird2 or he pres5ts x to 8 "m2 ^! orig9ally my/ical emblems be+ conv]t$ into play?+s4 ,9 ano!r sket* %e is amus+ him by t9kl+ a bell3--! bell1 :i* has a religi\s significance1 is "h a play?+4 ,"o or m att5dant angels may v>y ! gr\p1 )\t tak+ x out ( ! sph]e ( reality4 ,9 a qua9t b *>m+ picture 9 ! ,wall]/e9 ,collection1 an angel is sport+ ) ! ,*ild at 8 "m's feet--is lit]ally 8 playfell[2 & 9 a picture by ,cambiaso1 ,m>y1 assi/$ by an angel1 is tea*+ h] ,*ild to walk4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to repres5t 9 ! great en?ron$ ,madonnas1 ! ,infant ,savi\r ( ! _w asleep1 has always appe>$ to me a solecism3 :]eas 9 ! dome/ic subject ! ,infant slumb]+ on 8 "m's knee1 or cradl$ 9 h] arms1 or on h] bosom1 or rock$ by angels1 is a mo/ *>m+ subject4 ,sometimes angels are se5 prep>+ 8 b$1 or look+ on :ile he sleeps1 ) fold$ h&s & ov]%ad[+ w+s4 ,sometimes ,m>ry hangs ov] 8 pill[2 pond]+ 9 h] he>t ! wondr\s de/9ies ( h] ,*ild4 ,a poetess ( our own "t has giv5 u an int]pretation wor?y ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ^! repres5tations1 9 ! address ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y to ! ,*ild ,jesus1--,sleep1 sleep1 m9e ,holy ,"o6 ,& are ?\ come = sav+1 baby-br[$ ,& spee*less ,be+8 art ?\ come = sav+8 ,! palm t gr[s beside our door is b[$ ,by tread+s ( ! l[ w9d f ! s\?1 ,a re/less %ad[ ?r\gh ! *amb] wav+1 ,^u its b\gh a bird s+s 9 ! sun4 ,b ?\1 ) t close slumb] on ?y m\?1 ,do/ seem ( w9d & sun already we>y1 ,art come = sav+1 ,o my we>y ,"o8 ,p]*ance ?is sleep t %utte? out ! dre>y ,e>?-s\nds & motions1 op5s on ?y s\l ,high dreams on fire ) ,god2 ,high songs t make ! pa?ways :]e !y roll ,m bright ?an />s d !irs2 & visions new ,( ?9e et]nal nature's old abode4 ,suff] ?is "m's kiss1 ,be/ ?+ t e>?ly is1 ,to glide ! music & ! glory ?r\gh1 ,nor n>r[ 9 ?y dream ! broad uplift+s ,( any s]aph w+4 ,?us1 noiseless1 ?us6--,sleep1 sleep1 my dream+ ,"o4#a ,footnote #a3 ,poems by ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+1 vol4 ii4 p4 #agd4 ,su* high imag9+s might be sugge/$ by ! gr\p ( ,mi*ael ,angelo1--8 fam\s ,sil5zio3 b v diff]5t c]ta9ly are ! ?\ghts & associations convey$ by "s ( ! v lovely1 b at ! same "t famili> & commonplace1 gr\ps ( peasant-mo!rs & sleep+ babies--! c\ntless productions ( ! lat] s*ools--ev5 :ile ! simplicity & tru? ( ! natural s5tim5t g /raight to ! he>t4 ,i rememb] read+ a little ,italian hymn compos$ = a *oir ( nuns1 & address$ to ! sleep+ ,*ri/1 9 :i* he is pray$ to awake or if he w n1 !y ?reat5 to pull him by 8 gold5 curls until !y r\se him to li/56 99 99 99 99 99 ,i h se5 a graceful pr9t :i* repres5ts ,jesus z a *ild /&+ at 8 "m's knee1 :ile %e fe$s him f a plate or cap held by an angel2 und]nea? is ! text1 ,butt] & honey %all he eat1 t he may "k to refuse ! evil & *oose ! good ,& 9 a pr9t ( ! same p]iod1 ! "m susp5ds h] ne$lework to contemplate ! ,*ild1 :o1 /&+ at h] side1 looks d[n compassionately on two little birds1 :i* flutt] _! w+s & op5 _! beaks expect+ly2 und]nea? is ! te/1 ,are n two sp>r[s sold = a f>?+8 ,m>y employ$ 9 ne$lework1 :ile h] cradl$ ,infant slumb]s at h] side1 is a beautiful subject4 ,ross9i1 9 8 ,/oria della ,pittura1 publi%es a gr\p1 repres5t+ ! ,virg9 m5d+ or mak+ a little coat1 :ile ,jesus1 seat$ at h] feet1 )\t 8 coat1 is play+ ) a bird2 two angels are hov]+ above4 ,x appe>s to me t !re is "h "s unc]ta9ty z reg>ds bo? ! subject & ! ma/]4 ,9 ! "t ( ,giott9o1 to :om ,ross9i attributes ! picture1 ! dome/ic treatm5t ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild 0 unkn[n4 ,if x be really by him1 ,i %\ld suppose x to repres5t ,hannah & h] son ,samuel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ^!1 & o!r v>ieties ( action & s5tim5t connect+ ! ,"m & h] ,*ild1 are frequ5tly accompani$ by accessory figures1 =m+1 9 _! comb9ation1 :at is prop]ly a ,holy ,family4 ,! p]sonages introduc$1 s+ly or toge!r1 are ! "y ,/4 ,john1 ,joseph1 ,anna1 ,joa*im1 ,elizabe?1 & ,za*>ias4 ,,?ree ,,figures4 ,! gr\p ( ?ree figures mo/ commonly met )1 is t ( ! ,"m & ,*ild1 ) ,/4 ,john4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ examples ( ! dome/ic treatm5t ( ?is gr\p is a qua9t picture by ,botticelli1 9 :i* ,m>y1 b5d+ d[n1 holds =? ! ,*ild to be c>ess$ by ,/4 ,john1--v dry 9 col\r & faulty 9 draw+1 b beautiful = ! s5tim5t4 7,flor5ce1 ,pitti ,pal47 ,p]haps ! mo/ p]fect example :i* c\ld be cit$ f ! :ole range ( art1 is ,raphael's ,madonna del ,c>dell9o 7,flor5ce ,gal472 ano!r is 8 ,belle ,j>d9ire 7,l\vre1 #cge72 ano!r1 9 :i* ! figures are half-l5g?1 is 8 ,madonna del ,giglio 7,"l ,g>vagh's ,coll474 ,z ,i h already obs]v$1 :]e ! ,infant ,*ri/ takes ! cross f ,/4 ,john1 or pres5ts x to him1 or :]e ,/4 ,john po9ts to him z ! ,r$eem]1 or is repres5t$1 n z a *ild1 b z a y\? or a man1 ! composition assumes a devotional significance4 ,! subject ( ! ,sleep+ ,*ri/ is beautifully v>i$ by ! introduction ( ,/4 ,john2 z :]e ,m>y lifts ! veil & %[s h] ,*ild to ! little ,/4 ,john1 kneel+ ) fold$ h&s3 ,raphael's well-kn[n ,vi]ge la ,diademe is an in/ance replete ) grace & expression4#a ,sometimes ,m>y1 putt+ h] f+] to h] lip1 exhorts ,/4 ,john to sil5ce1 z 9 a fam\s & (t-repeat$ subject by ,annibale ,c>acci1 ( :i* !re is a lovely example at ,w9dsor4 ,su* a gr\p is call$ 9 ,italian1 ,il ,sil5zio1 & 9 ,fr5* le ,sommeil de ,jsus4 ,footnote #a3 ,l\vre1 #cgf4 ,x is also /yl$ la ,vi]ge au ,l+e 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r gr\p ( ?ree figures consi/s ( ! ,"m1 ! ,*ild1 & ,/4 ,joseph z fo/]-fa!r4 ,?is gr\p1 s commonly met ) 9 ! lat] s*ools ( art1 dates f ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,g]son1 an ecclesia/ic di/+ui%$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,con/ance = 8 le>n+ & eloqu5ce1 _h writt5 a poem ( ?ree ?\s& l9es 9 praise ( ,/4 ,joseph1 sett+ him up z ! ,*ri/ian1 example ( e virtue2 & ?is poem1 aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 0 publi%$ & widely dissem9at$4 ,sixtus ,,iv4 in/itut$ a fe/ival 9 hon\r ( ! ,husb& ( ! ,virg91 :i*1 z a novelty & h>moniz+ ) ! tone ( popul> feel+1 0 ev]y:]e acceptable4 ,z a natural consequ5ce1 ! *ur*es & *apels 7 fill$ ) pictures1 :i* repres5t$ ! ,"m & h] ,*ild1 ) ,joseph /&+ or seat$ by1 9 an attitude ( religi\s contemplation or affectionate sympa?y2 sometimes lean+ on 8 /ick1 or ) 8 tools ly+ beside him2 & always 9 ! old pictures habit$ 9 8 appropriate col\rs1 ! saffron-col\r$ robe ov] ! gray or gre5 tunic4 ,9 ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 z a /rictly devotional subject1 ! introduction ( ,joseph r complicates ! idea2 b 9 ! dome/ic ,holy ,family 8 pres5ce is natural & necess>y4 ,x is seldom t he is associat$ ) ! action1 :]e !re is "o2 b ( ?is also !re are "s beautiful examples4 99 99 99 99 99 #a4 ,9 a well-kn[n composition by ,raphael 7,grosv5or ,gal471 ! "m )draws ! cov]+ f ! ,*ild1 :o seems to h t mom5t awak$1 &1 /ret*+ out 8 little arms1 smiles 9 h] face3 ,joseph looks on t5d]ly & ?\ghtfully4 #b4 ,9 ano!r gr\p by ,raphael 7,bridgewat] ,gal471 ! ,infant is seat$ on ! "m's knee1 & su/a9$ by "p ( h] veil2 ,joseph1 kneel+1 (f]s fl[]s to 8 div9e fo/]-,son1 :o eag]ly /ret*es out 8 little h& to take !m4 ,9 _m pictures1 ,joseph is se5 pres5t+ *]ries2 z 9 ! celebrat$ ,vi]ge aux ,c]ises ( ,annibale ,c>acci4 7,l\vre47 ,! allusion is to a qua9t old leg5d1 (t5 introduc$ 9 ! religi\s ballads & dramatic my/]ies ( ! "t4 ,x is relat$1 t be=e ! bir? ( our ,savi\r1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y wi%$ to ta/e ( c]ta9 *]ries :i* hung ^u a tree high above h] head2 %e reque/$ ,joseph to procure !m = h]1 & he rea*+ to pluck !m1 ! bran* b[$ d[n to 8 h&4 #c4 ,!re is a lovely pa/oral composition by ,titian1 9 :i* ,m>y is seat$ "u "s trees1 ) ,joseph lean+ on 8 /aff1 & ! ,infant ,*ri/ /&+ betwe5 !m3 ! little ,/4 ,john approa*es ) 8 lap full ( *]ries2 & 9 ! backgr\nd a woman is se5 ga!r+ *]ries4 ,?is picture is call$ a ,ripose2 b ! pres5ce ( ,/4 ,john1 & ! *]ry tree in/ead ( ! date tree1 po9t out a diff]5t signification4 ,angels pres5t+ *]ries on a plate is also a frequ5t circum/ance1 d]iv$ f ! same leg5d4 #d4 ,9 a *>m+ picture by ,g>(alo1 ,joseph is c>ess+ ! ,*ild1 :ile ,m>y--a r full figure1 calm1 matronly1 & dignifi$1 z is usual ) ,g>(alo--sits by1 hold+ a book 9 h] h&1 f :i* %e has j rais$ h] eyes4 7,w9dsor ,gal47 #e4 ,9 a family gr\p by ,murillo1 ,joseph1 /&+1 holds ! ,infant press$ to 8 bosom2 :ile ,m>y1 seat$ ne> a cradle1 holds out h] arms to take x f him3 a c>p5t]'s b5* is se5 beh9d4 #f4 ,a celebrat$ picture by ,rembr&t1 kn[n z le ,mnage du ,m5uisi]1 exhibits a ru/ic int]ior2 ! ,virg9 is seat$ ) ! volume ( ! ,scriptures op5 on h] knees--%e turns1 & lift+ ! cov]lid ( ! cradle1 contemplates ! ,infant asleep3 9 ! backgr\nd ,joseph is se5 at 8 "w2 :ile angels hov] above1 keep+ wat* ov] ! ,holy ,family4 ,exquisite = ! homely natural s5tim5t1 & ! dep? ( ! col\r & *i>o-oscuro4 7,pet]sburg47 #g4 ,_m :o read ^! pages w rememb] ! pretty little picture by ,annibale ,c>acci1 kn[n z le ,raboteur4#a ,x repres5ts ,joseph plan+ a bo>d1 :ile ,jesus1 a lovely boy ab\t six or sev5 ye>s old1 /&s by1 wat*+ ! progress ( 8 "w4 ,m>y is seat$ on "o side ply+ h] ne$le4 ,! great fault ( ?is picture is ! subord9ate & utt]ly commonplace "* giv5 to ! ,virg9 ,"m3 o!rwise x is a v sugge/ive & dramatic subject1 & "o :i* might be usefully engrav$ 9 a *eap =m = di/ribution4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! ,coll4 ( ! ,e>l ( ,suffolk1 at ,*>lton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sometimes1 9 a ,holy ,family ( ?ree figures1 ! ?ird figure is nei!r ,/4 ,john nor ,/4 ,joseph1 b ,/4 ,anna4 ,n[1 accord+ to "s e>ly au?orities1 bo? ,joa*im & ,anna di$ ei!r be=e ! m>riage ( ,m>y & ,joseph1 or at lea/ be=e ! return f ,egypt4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 ! popul>ity ( ^! family gr\ps1 & ! desire to give !m all possible v>iety1 t ! anci5t v]sion ( ! /ory 0 ov]rul$ by ! prevail+ ta/e1 & ,/4 ,anna became an important p]sonage4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ gr\ps 9 :i* ! "m ( ! ,virg9 is introduc$ z a ?ird p]sonage1 is a celebrat$1 b to my ta/e n a pleas+1 composition1 by ,lion>do da ,v9ci1 9 :i* ,/4 ,anna is seat$ on a sort ( *air1 & ! ,virg9 on h] knees b5ds d[n t[>ds ! ,infant ,*ri/1 :o is sport+ ) a lamb4 7,l\vre1 #dha47 ,,f\r ,,figures4 ,9 a ,holy ,family ( f\r figures1 we h frequ5tly ! ,virg91 ! ,*ild1 & ! infant ,/4 ,john1 ) ,/4 ,joseph /&+ by4 ,raphael's ,madonna del ,passeggio is an example4 ,9 a picture by ,palma ,vec*io1 ,/4 ,john pres5ts a lamb1 :ile ,/4 ,joseph kneels be=e ! ,infant ,*ri/1 :o1 seat$ on 8 "m's knee1 ext5ds 8 arms to 8 fo/]-fa!r4 ,nicole ,p\ss9 0 fond ( ?is gr\p1 & has repeat$ x at lea/ t5 times ) v>iations4 ,b ! mo/ frequ5t gr\p ( f\r figures consi/s ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ) ,/4 ,john & 8 "m1 ,/4 ,elizabe?--! two mo!rs & ! two sons4 ,sometimes ! *ildr5 are sport+ toge!r1 or embrac+ ea* o!r1 :ile ,m>y & ,elizabe? look on ) a contemplative t5d]ness1 or seem to conv]se on ! future de/9ies ( _! sons4 ,a v fav\rite & appropriate action is t ( ,/4 ,elizabe? pres5t+ ,/4 ,john1 & tea*+ him to kneel & fold 8 h&s1 z ackn[l$g+ 9 8 little c\s9 ! ,infant ,savi\r4 ,we h !n1 9 beautiful contra/1 ! ag$ coif$ head ( ,elizabe?1 ) its matronly & e>ne/ expression2 ! y\?ful bloom & s(t virg9al dignity ( ,m>y2 & ! diff]5t "* ( ! boys1 ! fair complexion & delicate proportions ( ! ,infant ,*ri/1 & ! m robu/ & br[n-complexion$ ,john4 ,a great pa9t] w be c>eful to express ^! di/9ctions1 n by ! ext]ior "* only1 b w s comb9e ! p]sonages1 t ! action repres5t$ %all display ! sup]ior dignity ( ,*ri/ & 8 "m4 ,,five ,,or ,,six ,,figures4 ,! addition ( ,joseph z a fif? figure1 completes ! dome/ic gr\p4 ,! introduction ( ! ag$ ,za*>ias r5d]s1 h[ev]1 yet m full & complete1 ! circle ( human life & human affection4 ,we h !n1 infancy1 y\?1 maturity1 & age1--diff]5ce ( sex & v>i\s degrees ( relation%ip1 comb9$ into "o h>moni\s :ole2 & 9 ! mid/1 ! div9ity ( innoc5ce1 ! ,*ild-,god1 ! brightness ( a spiritual p[]1 connect+ our s(te/ e>?ly affections ) our highe/ heav5w>d aspirations4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! inscription "u a ,holy ,family 9 :i* ! *ildr5 are c>ess+ ea* o!r is sometimes ,delic me esse cum filiis hom9um 7,prov4 viii4 #ca1 ,my delights 7 ) ! sons ( m574 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,holy ,family ( m ?an six figures 7! angels n includ$7 is v unusual4 ,b !re are examples ( gr\ps comb9+ all ^? p]sonages m5tion$ 9 ! ,gospels z be+ relat$ to ,*ri/1 ?\gh ! nature & ! degree ( ?is suppos$ relation%ip has emb>rass$ critics & comm5tators1 & is n yet settl$4 ,accord+ to an anci5t tradition1 ,anna1 ! "m ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 0 ?ree times m>ri$1 ,joa*im be+ h] ?ird husb&3 ! two o!rs 7 ,cleophas & ,salom4 ,by ,cleophas %e _h a daught]1 also call$ ,m>y1 :o 0 ! wife ( ,alpheus1 & ! "m ( ,?addeus1 ,james ,m9or1 & ,joseph ,ju/us4 ,by ,salom %e _h a daught]1 also ,m>y1 m>ri$ to ,zeb$ee1 & ! "m ( ,james ,major & ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,?is idea t ,/4 ,anna 0 successively ! wife ( ?ree husb&s1 & ! "m ( ?ree daught]s1 all ( ! "n ( ,m>y1 has be5 reject$ by lat] au?orities2 b 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury x 0 accept$1 & to t p]iod may be ref]r$ ! pictures1 ,italian & ,g]man1 repres5t+ a peculi> v]sion ( ! ,holy ,family m prop]ly /yl$ ! ,family ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,a picture by ,lor5zo di ,pavia1 pa9t$ ab\t #aeac1 exhibits a v complete example ( ?is family gr\p4 ,m>y is seat$ 9 ! c5tre1 hold+ 9 h] lap ! ,infant ,*ri/2 ne> h] is ,/4 ,joseph4 ,beh9d ! ,virg9 /& ,/4 ,anna1 & ?ree m51 ) _! names inscrib$1 ,joa*im1 ,cleophas1 & ,salom4 ,on ! "r ( ! ,virg9 is ,m>y ! daught] ( ,cleophas1 ,alpheus h] husb&1 & h] *ildr5 ,?addeus1 ,james ,m9or1 & ,joseph ,ju/us4 ,on ! left ( ! ,virg9 is ,m>y ! daught] ( ,salome1 h] husb& ,zeb$ee1 & h] *ildr5 ,james ,major & ,john ! ,evangeli/4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is picture ,i saw 9 ! ,l\vre "s ye>s ago1 b x is n 9 ! ,new ,catalogue by ,m4 ,villot4 ,a yet m beautiful example is a picture by ,p]ug9o 9 ! ,muse at ,m>seilles1 :i* ,i h already cit$ & describ$ 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art73 "h also ! relatives ( ,*ri/1 de/9$ to be aft]w>ds 8 apo/les & ! m9i/]s ( 8 ^w1 are gr\p$ ar\nd him 9 8 infancy4 ,9 ! c5tre ,m>y is seat$ & hold+ ! *ild2 ,/4 ,anna /&s beh9d1 re/+ h] h&s affectionately on ! %\ld]s ( ! ,virg94 ,9 front1 at ! feet ( ! ,virg91 are two boys1 ,joseph & ,?addeus2 & ne> !m ,m>y1 ! daught] ( ,cleophas1 holds ! h& ( h] ?ird son ,james ,m9or4 ,to ! "r is ,m>y ,salom1 hold+ 9 h] arms h] son ,john ! ,evangeli/1 & at h] feet is h] o!r son1 ,james ,major4 ,joseph1 ,zeb$ee1 & o!r memb]s ( ! family1 /& ar\nd4 ,! same subject ,i h se5 9 illum9at$ ,,mss41 & 9 ,g]man pr9ts4 ,x is wor? rem>k+ t all ^! appe>$ ab\t ! same "t1 betwe5 #aeje & #aebj1 & t ! subject aft]w>ds disappe>$2 f :i* ,i inf] t x 0 n au?oriz$ by ! ,*ur*2 p]haps because ! exact degree ( relation%ip betwe5 ^! "y apo/les & ! ,holy ,family 0 n cle>ly made out1 ei!r by ,scripture or tradition4 ,9 a composition by ,p>migiano1 ,*ri/ is /&+ at 8 "m's knee2 ,elizabe? pres5ts ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/2 ! o!r little ,/4 ,john kneels on a cu%ion4 ,beh9d ! ,virg9 are ,/4 ,joa*im & ,/4 ,anna2 & beh9d ,elizabe?1 ,zeb$ee & ,m>y ,salom1 ! p>5ts ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,9 ! c5tre1 ,joseph looks on ) fold$ h&s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a catalogue raisonne ( ! ,holy ,families pa9t$ by di/+ui%$ arti/s includ+ f two to six figures w\ld fill volumes3 ,i %all cont5t myself ) direct+ att5tion to "s few examples rem>kable ei!r = _! celebrity1 _! especial beauty1 or = "s peculi>ity1 :e!r comm5dable or n1 9 ! significance or ! treatm5t4 ,! /rictly dome/ic conception may be said to h begun ) ,raphael & ,correggio2 & !y af=d ! mo/ p]fect examples ( ! t5d] & ! graceful 9 s5tim5t & action1 ! s(te/ p>5tal feel+1 ! lovelie/ =ms ( *ildhood4 ,( ! purely natural & famili> treatm5t1 :i* came into fa%ion 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! pictures ( ,guido1 ,rub5s1 & ,murillo af=d ! mo/ p]fect specim5s4 #a4 ,raphael4 7,l\vre1 #cgg47 ,m>y1 a noble que5ly creature1 is seat$1 & b5ds t[>ds h] ,*ild1 :o is spr++ f 8 cradle to meet h] embrace2 ,elizabe? pres5ts ,/4 ,john2 & ,joseph1 lean+ on 8 h&1 contemplates ! gr\p3 two beautiful angels scatt] fl[]s f above4 ,?is is ! celebrat$ picture once suppos$ to h be5 execut$ expressly = ,francis ,i42 b lat] rese>*es prove x to h be5 pa9t$ = ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 ,duke ( ,urb9o4#a ,footnote #a3 ,x appe>s f ! correspond5ce relative to ?is picture & ! ,/4 ,mi*ael1 t bo? pictures 7 pa9t$ by ord] ( ?is ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 ! same :o is figur$ 9 ,mi*ael ,angelo's ,p5si]o1 & t !y 7 int5d$ z pres5ts to ,francis ,i4 7,see ,dr4 ,gaye's ,c>teggio1 ii4 #adf1 & also ! new ,catalogue ( ! ,l\vre by ,f4 ,villot47 ,i h m5tion$ ?is ,holy ,family n z ! f9e/ ( ,raphael's ,madonnas1 b because !re is some?+ peculi>ly animat$ & dramatic 9 ! motif1 consid]+ ! "t at :i* x 0 pa9t$4 ,x 0 my int5tion to h giv5 "h a complete li/ ( ,raphael's ,holy ,families2 b ?is has be5 s well done 9 ! la/ ,engli% edition ( ,kugl]'s ,h&book1 t x has become sup]flu\s z a repetition4 ,! s]ies ( m9ute & exquisite draw+s by ,mr4 ,george ,s*>f1 app5d$ to ,kugl]'s ,catalogue1 r5d]s x easy to recognize all ! gr\ps describ$ 9 ?is & ! prec$+ pages4 #b4 ,correggio4 ,m>y holds ! ,*ild ^u h] knee1 look+ d[n ^u him fondly4 ,/yl$1 f ! introduction ( ! "w-basket1 ,la ,vi]ge au ,pani]4 ,a f9i%$ example ( t s(t1 yet joyful1 mat]nal feel+ = :i* ,correggio 0 rem>kable4 7,national ,gal4 #bc47 #c4 ,p9turic*io4 ,9 a l&scape1 ,m>y & ,joseph are seat$ toge!r2 ne> !m are "s loaves & a small cask ( w9e4 ,m 9 front ! two *ildr51 ,jesus & ,/4 ,john1 are walk+ arm 9 arm2 ,jesus holds a book & ,john a pit*]1 z if !y 7 go+ to a well4 7,si5a ,acad47 #d4 ,&rea del ,s>to4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ on ! gr\nd1 & holds ! ,*ild2 ! "y ,/4 ,john is 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,elizabe?1 & ,joseph is se5 beh9d4 7,l\vre1 #dci47 ,?is picture1 ano!r by ! same pa9t] 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 a ?ird 9 ! collection ( ,"l ,lansd[ne1 & 9 g5]al all ! ,holy ,families ( ,&rea1 may be cit$ z examples ( f9e execution & mi/ak5 or defective "*4 ,no s5tim5t1 no action1 connects ! p]sonages ei!r ) ea* o!r1 or ) ! spectator4 #e4 ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! composition1 9 ! ,flor5ce ,gall]y1 /yl$ a ,holy ,family1 appe>s to me a signal example ( all t %\ld be avoid$4 ,x is1 z a conception1 nei!r religi\s nor dome/ic2 9 execution & "* exagg]at$ & (f5sive1 & 9 col\r h>d & dry4 ,ano!r1 a bas-relief1 9 :i* ! ,*ild is %r9k+ f a bird held up by ,/4 ,john1 is v gr& 9 ! =ms3 ! mi/ake 9 s5tim5t1 z reg>ds ! bird1 ,i h po9t$ out 9 ! ,introduction4 7,royal ,academy47 ,a ?ird1 9 :i* ! ,*ild leans p5sively on a book ly+ op5 on 8 "m's knee1 :ile %e looks out on ! spectator1 is m prop]ly a ,mat] ,amabilis4 ,!re is an extraord9>y fresco /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,casa ,buon>otti at ,flor5ce1 :]e x 0 pa9t$ on ! wall by ,mi*ael ,angelo1 & /yl$ a ,holy ,family1 ?\gh ! exact mean+ ( ! subject has be5 (t5 disput$4 ,x appe>s to me1 h[ev]1 v cle>1 & "o nev] be=e or s9ce attempt$ by any o!r arti/4 7,?is fresco is engrav$ 9 ! ,etruria ,pittrice47 ,m>y is seat$ 9 ! c5tre2 h] ,*ild is recl9+ on ! gr\nd betwe5 h] knees2 & ! little ,/4 ,john hold+ 8 cross looks on him /eadfa/ly4 ,a man com+ =w>d seems to ask ( ,m>y1 ,^: son is ?is8 ,%e mo/ expressively puts aside ,joseph ) h] h&1 & looks up1 z if answ]+1 ,n ! son ( an e>?ly1 b ( a heav5ly ,fa!r6 ,!re are five o!r figures /&+ beh9d1 & ! :ole gr\p is mo/ significant4 #f4 ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,! ,holy ,family seat$ "u a tree2 ! ,infant is ab\t to spr+ f ! knee ( 8 "m into ! out/ret*$ arms ( ,/4 ,anna2 ,joseph is se5 beh9d ) 8 hat 9 8 h&2 & to ! left sits ! ag$ ,joa*im contemplat+ ! gr\p4 #g4 ,m>y appe>s to h j ris5 f h] *air1 ! ,*ild b5ds f h] arms1 & a "y & v little angel1 /&+ on tiptoe1 holds up to him a fl[]--o!r fl[]s 9 8 lap3--a beautiful old ,g]man pr9t4 #h4 ,giulio ,romano4 7,la ,madonna del ,bac9o47 7,dresd5 ,gal47 ,! ,*ild /&s 9 a bas91 & ! "y ,/4 ,john p\rs wat] ^u him f a vase1 :ile ,m>y wa%es him4 ,/4 ,elizabe? /&s by1 hold+ a napk92 ,/4 ,joseph1 beh9d1 is look+ on4 ,not)/&+ ! homel9ess ( ! action1 !re is "h a religi\s & my/]i\s significance1 prefigur+ ! ,baptism4 #i4 ,n4 ,p\ss94 ,m>y1 assi/$ by angels1 wa%es & dresses h] ,*ild4 7,gal4 ( ,mr4 ,hope47 #aj4 ,v4 ,salimb5i4--,an ,int]ior4 ,m>y & ,joseph are occupi$ by ! ,*ild4 ,elizabe? is sp9n+4 ,m 9 front ,/4 ,john is c>ry+ two puppies 9 ! lappet ( 8 coat1 & ! dog is leap+ up to him4 7,flor5ce1 ,pitti ,pal47 ,?is is "o out ( _m in/ances 9 :i* ! pa9t]1 anxi\s to v>y ! (t-repeat$ subject1 & no long] re/ra9$ by ref9$ ta/e or religi\s v5]ation1 has fall5 into a mo/ (f5sive impropriety4 #aa4 ,ippolito ,&reasi4 ,m>y1 seat$1 holds ! ,infant ,*ri/ betwe5 h] knees2 ,elizabe? leans ov] ! back ( h] *air2 ,joseph leans on 8 /aff beh9d ! ,virg92 ! little ,/4 ,john & an angel pres5t grapes1 :ile f\r o!r angels are ga!r+ & br++ !m4 ,a bran* ( v9e1 load$ ) grapes1 is ly+ 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,*ri/ looks l a "y ,bac*us2 & !re is some?+ mann]$ & fanta/ic 9 ! execution4 7,l\vre1 #ch47 ,) ?is dome/ic sc5e is bl5d$ a /rictly religi\s symbol1 ,i am ! v9e4 #ab4 ,murilio4 ,m>y is 9 ! act ( swaddl+ h] ,*ild 7,luke ii1 #g71 :ile two angels1 /&+ ne> him1 solace ! div9e ,infant ) heav5ly music4 7,madrid ,gal47 #ac4 ,rub5s4 ,m>y1 seat$ on ! gr\nd1 holds ! ,*ild ) a *>m+ mat]nal expression1 a little f h]1 gaz+ on him ) raptur\s e>ne/ness1 :ile he looks up ) responsive t5d]ness 9 h] face4 ,8 "r h& re/s on a cross pres5t$ by ,/4 ,john1 :o is pres5t$ by ,/4 ,elizabe?4 ,wond]ful = ! int5sely natural & dome/ic expression1 & ! beauty ( ! execution4 7,flor5ce1 ,pitti ,pal47 #ad4 ,d4 ,hopf]4 ,)9 ! por* ( a build+1 ,m>y is seat$ on "o side1 read+ int5tly4 ,/4 ,anna1 on ! o!r side1 holds out h] arms to ! ,*ild1 :o is sitt+ on ! gr\nd betwe5 !m2 an angel looks 9 at ! op5 door beh9d4 7,b>ts*41 viii4 #dhc47 #ae4 ,rembr&t4 7,le ,mnage du ,m5uisi]47 ,a ru/ic int]ior4 ,m>y1 seat$ 9 ! c5tre1 is suckl+ h] ,*ild4 ,/4 ,anna1 a fat ,flemi% gr&ame1 has be5 read+ ! volume ( ! ,scriptures1 & b5ds =w>d 9 ord] to remove ! cov]+ & look 9 ! ,infant's face4 ,a cradle is ne>4 ,joseph is se5 at "w 9 ! backgr\nd4 7,l\vre47 #af4 ,le ,brun4 7,! ,b5$icite47 ,m>y1 ! ,*ild1 & ,joseph1 are seat$ at a frugal repa/4 ,joseph is 9 ! act ( rev]5tly say+ grace1 :i* gives to ! picture ! title by :i* x is kn[n4#a ,footnote #a3 ,l\vre1 ,ecole ,franaise #eg4 ,!re is a celebrat$ engrav+ by ,edel9ck4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is di/9ctly relat$ t ,joseph br\ght up 8 fo/]-,son z a c>p5t]1 & t ,jesus ex]cis$ ! craft ( 8 reput$ fa!r4 ,9 ! ,*ur* pictures1 we d n (t5 meet ) ?is t\*+ & famili> aspect ( ! life ( our ,savi\r4 ,b 9 ! small decorative pictures pa9t$ = ! ri* ecclesia/ics1 & = private oratories1 & 9 ! *eap pr9ts :i* 7 prep>$ = di/ribution among ! p1 & became especially popul> dur+ ! religi\s reaction ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 we f9d ?is homely v]sion ( ! subject p]petually1 & (t5 mo/ pleas+ly1 exhibit$4 ,! greate/ & wise/ ,be+ :o ev] trod ! e>? 0 ?us repres5t$1 9 ! eyes ( ! poor artific]1 z ennobl+ & sanctify+ lab\r & toil2 & ! quiet dome/ic duties & affections 7 "h elevat$1 & hall[$1 by religi\s associations1 & adorn$ by all ! graces ( ,art4 ,ev5 :]e ! arti/ic treatm5t 0 n fir/-rate1 0 n su* z ! pa9t]s--prie/s & poets z well z pa9t]s--( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies w\ld h l5t to su* !mes1--/ill if ! s5tim5t & significance 7 b intelligible to ^? especially address$1 ! purpose 0 accompli%$1 & ! effect mu/ h be5 good4 ,i h be=e me an example 9 a set ( twelve pr9ts1 execut$ 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 exhibit+ a sort ( hi/ory ( ! *ildhood ( ,*ri/1 & 8 tra9+ "u ! eye ( 8 "m4 ,x is entitl$ ,jesu ,*ri/i ,del ,dom9i ,salvatoris no/ri ,infantia1 ,! ,infancy ( our ,"l ,god & ,savi\r ,jesus ,*ri/2 & ! title-page is surr\nd$ by a bord] compos$ ( musical in/rum5ts1 sp9n+-:eels1 di/affs1 & o!r implem5ts1 ( female indu/ry1 int]mix$ ) all k9ds ( mason's & c>p5t]'s tools4 ,to ea* pr9t is app5d$ a descriptive ,lat9 v]se2 ,lat9 be+ *os51 ,i suppose1 because ! publication 0 int5d$ = di/ribution 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 & especially =eign missions1 & to be expla9$ by ! prie/s to ! p4 #a4 ,! figure ( ,*ri/ is se5 9 a glory surr\nd$ by *]ubim1 c4 #b4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ on ! hill ( ,sion4 ,! ,infant 9 h] lap1 ) outspread arms1 looks up to a *oir ( angels1 & is s++ ) !m4 #c4 ,jesus1 slumb]+ 9 8 cradle1 is rock$ by two angels1 :ile ,m>y sits by1 engag$ 9 ne$lework4#a ,footnote #a3 ,! ,lat9 /anza b5ea?1 is rem>kable = its elegance1 & because x has be5 translat$ by ,col]idge1 :o m5tions t he f\nd ! pr9t & ! v]se "u x 9 a little inn 9 ,g]many4 ,dormi1 ,jesu1 mat] ridet1 ,qu tam dulcem somnum videt1 ,dormi1 ,jesu1 bl&ule6 ,si non dormis mat] plorat1 ,int] fila cantans orat1 ,bl&e1 v5i1 somnule6 ,sleep1 sweet babe6 my c>es beguil+1 ,"m sits beside !e smil+1 ,sleep1 my d>l+1 t5d]ly6 ,if ?\ sleep n1 "m m\rne?1 ,s++ z h] :eel %e turne? ,come1 s(t slumb]1 balmily6 #d4 ,! int]ior ( a c>p5t]'s %op4 ,joseph is ply+ 8 "w1 :ile ,joa*im /&s ne> him4 ,! ,virg9 is measur+ l951 & ,/4 ,anna looks on4 ,two angels are at play ) ! ,infant ,*ri/1 :o is bl[+ soap-bubbles4 #e4 ,:ile ,m>y is prep>+ ! family meal1 & wat*+ a pot :i* is boil+ on ! fire1 ,joseph is se5 beh9d *opp+ wood3 m 9 front1 ,jesus is sweep+ toge!r ! *ips1 & two angels are ga!r+ !m up4 #f4 ,m>y is reel+ (f a ske9 ( ?read2 ,joseph is squ>+ a plank2 ,jesus is pick+ up ! *ips1 assi/$ by two angels4 #g4 ,m>y is seat$ at h] sp9n+-:eel2 ,joseph1 assi/$ by ,jesus1 is saw+ ?r\gh a l>ge beam2 two angels look+ on4 #h4 ,m>y is sp9n+ ) a di/aff2 beh9d1 ,joseph is saw+ a beam1 on :i* ,jesus is /&+ above2 & two angels are lift+ a plank4 #i4 ,joseph is se5 build+ up ! framework ( a h\se1 assi/$ by an angel2 ,jesus is bor+ a hole ) a l>ge gimlet3 an angel helps him2 ,m>y is w9d+ ?read4 #aj4 ,joseph is busy ro(+ 9 ! h\se2 ,jesus1 assi/$ by ! angels1 is c>ry+ a beam ( wood up a ladd]2 bel[1 9 front1 ,m>y is c>d+ wool or flax4 #aa4 ,joseph is build+ a boat1 assi/$ by ,jesus1 :o has a hamm] & *isel 9 8 h&3 two angels help him4 ,! ,virg9 is knitt+ a /ock+2 & ! new-built h\se is se5 9 ! backgr\nd4 #ab4 ,joseph is erect+ a f5ce r\nd a g>d52 ,jesus1 assi/$ by ! angels1 is fa/5+ ! pal+s toge!r2 :ile ,m>y is weav+ g>l&s ( roses4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr m5tions1 z a tradition ( 8 "t1 t ,jesus assi/$ 8 fo/]-fa!r 9 mak+ yokes & pl\ghs4 ,9 ,holl&1 :]e ^! pr9ts 7 publi%$1 ! sub/itution ( ! boat-build+ seems v natural4 ,/4 ,bonav5tura1 ! great ,franciscan !ologian1 & a high au?ority 9 all t relates to ! life & "* ( ,m>y1 n only describ$ h] z a patt]n ( female indu/ry1 b alludes p>ticul>ly to ! leg5d ( ! di/aff1 & m5tions a tradition1 t1 :5 9 ,egypt1 ! ,holy ,family 0 s r$uc$ by pov]ty1 t ,m>y begg$ f door to door ! f9e flax :i* %e aft]w>ds spun into a g>m5t = h] ,*ild4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z if to r5d] ! circle ( mat]nal duties1 & !reby ! mat]nal example1 m complete1 !re are pr9ts ( ,m>y lead+ h] ,son to s*ool4 ,i h se5 "o 9 :i* he c>ries 8 hornbook 9 8 h&4 ,su* repres5tations1 ?\gh popul>1 7 condemn$ by ! highe/ *ur* au?orities z no?+ less ?an h]etical4 ,! ,abb ,mry c\nts among ! arti/ic errors :i* endang] ! fai? ( good ,*ri/ians1 ^? pictures :i* repres5t ,m>y or ,joseph in/ruct+ ! ,infant ,*ri/2 z if all le>n+1 all sci5ce1 div9e & human1 7 n 8 by intuition1 & )\t any e>?ly tea*+1 7v4 ,?ologie des ,pe9tres47 ,a beautiful ,holy ,family1 by ,s*idone1 is entitl$1 ,! ,infant ,*ri/ le>n+ to read 7,bridgewat] ,gal472 & we frequ5tly meet ) pictures 9 :i* ! "m holds a book1 :ile ! div9e ,*ild1 ) a s]i\s int5t expression1 turns ov] ! leaves1 or po9ts to ! lett]s3 b ,i imag9e t ^!1 & simil> gr\ps1 repres5t ,jesus in/ruct+ ,m>y & ,joseph1 z he is record$ to h done4 ,!re is also a v pretty leg5d1 9 :i* he is repres5t$ z excit+ ! a/oni%m5t1 ( ! s*oolma/] ,zac*eus by 8 premature wisdom4 ,on ^!1 & o!r details respect+ ! infancy ( our ,savi\r1 ,i %all h to say mu* m :5 treat+ ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,,! ,,dispute ,,9 ,,! ,,temple4 ,ital4 ,la ,disputa nel ,tempio4 ,fr4 ,jsus au milieu des ,docteurs4 ,! subject :i* we call ! ,dispute 9 ! ,temple1 or ,*ri/ among ! ,doctors1 is a sc5e ( great importance 9 ! life ( ! ,r$eem] 7,luke ii4 #da1 #eb74 ,8 appe>ance 9 ! mid/ ( ! doctors1 at twelve ye>s old1 :5 he sat he>+ !m & ask+ !m que/ions1 & all :o he>d him 7 a/oni%$ at 8 und]/&+ & 8 answ]s1 has be5 int]pret$ z ! fir/ manife/ation ( 8 high "* z tea*] ( m51 z "o come to ?r[ a new light on ! prophecies1-- ,= trail+ cl\ds ( glory _h he come ,f heav51 :i* 0 8 home2 & also z in/ruct+ z t ^? :o are to become tea*]s ( m5 ought1 :5 "y1 to li/5 to ! voice ( age & exp]i5ce2 & t ^? :o h gr[n old may le>n lessons ( wisdom f *ildi% innoc5ce4 ,su* is ! hi/orical & scriptural repres5tation4 ,b 9 ! life ( ! ,virg91 ! :ole sc5e *anges its signification4 ,x is no long] ! wisdom ( ! ,son1 x is ! sorr[ ( ! ,"m :i* is ! pr9cipal !me4 ,9 _! j\rney home f ,j]usalem1 ,jesus has disappe>$2 he :o 0 ! light ( h] eyes1 ^: preci\s exi/5ce _h be5 s (t5 ?reat5$1 has left h] c>e1 & gone1 %e kn[s n :i!r4 ,no fancy c imag9e ! d\bts1 ! appreh5sions1 ! possibilities ( mis*ief1 ! trembl+s ( he>t1 :i* ! holy ,virg9-"m feels ?rong+ 9 h] bosom4 ,= ?ree days %e seeks him 9 d\bt & angui%4 7,j]emy ,taylor's ,life ( ,*ri/47 ,at l5g? he is f\nd seat$ 9 ! temple 9 ! mid/ ( ! le>n$ doctors1 he>+ !m1 & ask+ !m que/ions4 ,& %e said unto him1 ,son1 :y ha/ ?\ ?us dealt ) u8 behold1 ,i & ?y fa!r h s\ght !e sorr[+4 ,& he said unto !m1 ,h[ is x t ye s\ght me8 ,wise ye n t ,i mu/ be ab\t my ,fa!r's bus9ess8 ,n[ !re are two ways ( repres5t+ ?is sc5e4 ,9 all ! e>li] pictures x is *iefly ) ref]5ce to ! ,virg9 ,"m3 x is "o ( ! sorr[ful my/]ies ( ! ,ros>y4 ,! ,*ild ,jesus sits 9 ! temple1 tea*+ ) h& uplift$2 ! doctors r\nd him turn ov] ! leaves ( _! great books1 se>*+ ! law & ! prophets4 ,"s look up at ! "y inspir$ ,tea*]--he :o 0 above ! law1 yet came to obey ! law & fulfil ! prophecies--) amazem5t4 ,conspicu\s 9 front1 /& ,m>y & ,joseph1 & %e is 9 act to address to him ! t5d] reproa*1 ,i & ?y fa!r h s\ght !e sorr[+4 ,9 ! e>ly examples %e is a pr9cipal figure1 b 9 lat] pictures %e is se5 ent]+ 9 ! backgr\nd2 & :]e ! sc5e relates only to ! life ( ,*ri/1 ! figures ( ,joseph & ,m>y are omitt$ altoge!r1 & ! ,*ild tea*] becomes ! c5tral1 or at lea/ ! *ief1 p]sonage 9 ! gr\p4 ,9 a picture by ,giovanni da ,ud9e1 ! subject is tak5 out ( ! region ( ! actual1 & treat$ altoge!r z a my/]y4 ,9 ! c5tre sits ! "y ,r$eem]1 8 h& rais$1 & surr\nd$ by sev]al ( ! ,jewi% doctors2 :ile 9 front /& ! f\r fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! f\r? & six? c5turies aft] ,*ri/2 & ^!1 hold+ _! books1 po9t to ,jesus1 or look to him1 z to ! s\rce ( _! wisdom2--a beautiful & poetical v]sion ( ! true significance ( ! /ory1 :i* ! critics ( ! la/ c5tury w\ld call a *ronological mi/ake4 7,v5ice1 ,academy47 ,b ^? repres5tations :i* come "u our especial consid]ation at pres5t1 are su* z repres5t ! mom5t 9 :i* ,m>y appe>s be=e h] ,son4 ,! e>lie/ in/ance ( ?is treatm5t is a gr\p by ,giotto4 ,dante cites ! deportm5t ( ! ,virg9 on ?is occasion1 & h] mild reproa*1 con atto dolce di madre1 z a signal lesson ( g5tl5ess & =be>ance4 7,purgatorio1 c4 xv47 ,x is z if he _h transf]r$ ! picture ( ,giotto into 8 ,vision2 = x is z a picture1 n an action1 t x is introduc$4 ,ano!r1 by ,simon ,memmi1 9 ! ,roscoe ,collection at ,liv]pool1 is conceiv$ 9 a simil> _s4 ,9 a picture by ,g>(alo1 ,m>y does n reproa* h] ,son1 b /&s li/5+ to him ) h] h&s fold$ on h] bosom4 ,9 a l>ge & f9e composition by ,p9turic*io1 ! doctors ?r[ d[n _! books be=e him1 :ile ! ,virg9 & ,joseph are ent]+ on "o side4 ,! subject is conspicu\s 9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s ,life ( ! ,virg91 :]e ,jesus is seat$ on high1 z "o hav+ au?ority1 tea*+ f a *air l t ( a pr(essor 9 a univ]sity1 & surr\nd$ by ! old be>d$ doctors2 & ,m>y /&s be=e h] ,son 9 an attitude ( expo/ulation4 ,aft] ! re/oration ( ,jesus to 8 p>5ts1 !y conduct$ him home2 b 8 "m kept all ^! say+s 9 h] he>t4 ,! return to ,naz>e?1 ,jesus walk+ humbly betwe5 ,joseph & ,m>y1 0 pa9t$ by ,rub5s = ! ,jesuit ,college at ,antw]p1 z a lesson to y\?4 ,und]nea? is ! text1 ,& he 0 subject unto !m4#a ,footnote #a3 ,x has be5 call$ by mi/ake ,! ,return f ,egypt ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,joseph4 ,ital4 ,la ,morte di ,san ,giuseppe4 ,fr4 ,la ,mort de ,/4 ,joseph ,g]4 ,josef's ,tod4 ,betwe5 ! j\rney to ,j]usalem & ! public appe>ance ( ,jesus1 *ronolog]s place ! dea? ( ,joseph1 b ! exact date is n asc]ta9$3 "s place x 9 ! eighte5? ye> ( ! life ( our ,savi\r1 & o!rs 9 8 tw5ty-sev5? ye>1 :51 z !y ass]t1 ,joseph 0 "o hundr$ & elev5 ye>s old4 ,i h already obs]v$1 t ! en?usiasm = ! "* ( ,joseph1 & 8 popul>ity z a sa9t & patron ( p[]1 date f ! fifte5? c5tury2 & late 9 ! sixte5? c5tury ,i f9d1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! dea? ( ,joseph treat$ z a sep>ate subject4 ,x appe>s t ! suppos$ anniv]s>y ( 8 dea? 7,july #bj7 _h long be5 reg>d$ 9 ! ,ea/ z a solemn fe/ival1 & t x 0 ! cu/om to read publicly1 on ?is occasion1 "s homily relat+ to 8 life & dea?4 ,! v curi\s ,arabian "w1 entitl$ ,! ,hi/ory ( ,joseph ! ,c>p5t]1 is suppos$ to be "o ( ^! anci5t homilies1 &1 9 its orig9al =m1 z old z ! f\r? c5tury4#a ,"h ! dea? ( ,joseph is describ$ ) great detail1 & ) _m solemn & pa!tic circum/ances2 & ! :ole hi/ory is put into ! m\? ( ,jesus1 :o is suppos$ to recite x to 8 disciples3 he describes ! pi\s end ( ,joseph2 he speaks ( himself z be+ pres5t1 & ackn[l$g$ by ! dy+ man z ,r$eem] & ,messiah1 & he proce$s to record ! grief ( ,m>y3-- ,& my "m1 ! ,virg91 arose1 & %e came nigh to me & said1 ',o my belov$ ,son n[ mu/ ! good old man die6' & ,i answ]$ & said unto h]1 ',o my mo/ de> "m1 ne$s mu/ all creat$ be+s die2 & dea? w h 8 rights1 ev5 ov] !e1 belov$ "m2 b dea? to him & to !e is no dea?1 only ! passage to et]nal life2 & ?is body ,i h d]iv$ f !e %all also und]go dea?4' ,footnote #a3 ,! ,arabic ,,ms4 9 ! libr>y at ,p>is is ( ! ye> #abii1 & ! ,coptic v]sion z old z #acfg4 ,extracts f ^! 7 become curr5t 9 ! leg5ds ( ! ,we/1 ab\t ! fifte5? c5tury4--,see ! ,neu ,te/am5tli*5 ,apokryph51 edit$ 9 ,g]man by ,dr4 ,k4,f4 ,borb]g4 ,& !y sat1 ! ,son & ! "m1 beside ,joseph2 & ,jesus held 8 h&1 & wat*$ ! la/ brea? ( life trembl+ on 8 lips2 & ,m>y t\*$ 8 feet1 & !y 7 cold2 & ! daught]s & ! sons ( ,joseph wept & sobb$ ar\nd 9 _! grief2 & !n ,jesus adds t5d]ly1 ,i1 & my "m ,m>y1 we wept ) !m4 ,!n foll[s a truly ,ori5tal sc5e1 ( ! evil angels ris+ up ) ,dea?1 & rejoic+ 9 8 p[] ov] ! sa9t1 :ile ,jesus rebukes !m2 & at 8 pray] ,god s5ds d[n ,mi*ael1 pr9ce ( ! angelic ho/1 & ,gabriel1 ! h]ald ( light1 to take possession ( ! dep>t+ _s1 enfold x 9 a robe ( brightness !reby to pres]ve x f ! d>k angels1 & c>ry x up into heav54 ,?is leg5d ( ! dea? ( ,joseph 01 9 _m =ms1 popul> 9 ! sixte5? c5tury2 h5ce arose ! cu/om ( invok+ him z ,int]cessor to obta9 a bless$ & peaceful end1 s t he became1 9 "s sort1 ! patron sa9t ( dea?-b$s2 & x is at ?is "t we f9d ! fir/ repres5tations ( ! dea? ( ,joseph1 aft]w>ds a popul> subject 9 ! *ur*es & conv5ts ( ! ,augu/9e canons & ,c>melite fri>s1 :o _h *os5 him = _! patron sa9t2 & also 9 family *apels consecrat$ to ! memory or ! repose ( ! dead4 ,! f9e/ example ,i h se51 is by ,c>lo ,m>atti1 9 ! ,vi5na ,gall]y4 ,/4 ,joseph is on a c\*2 ,*ri/ is seat$ ne> him2 & ! ,virg9 /&s by ) fold$ h&s1 9 a sad1 contemplative attitude4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i am n aw>e t ! ,virg9 has ev] be5 introduc$ into any repres5tation ( ! temptation or ! baptism ( our ,savi\r4 ,^! subjects1 s important & s picturesque1 are res]v$ till we ent] ^u ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,at ,,cana ,,9 ,,galilee4 ,ital4 ,le ,nozze di ,cana4 ,fr4 ,les ,noces de ,cana4 ,g]4 ,die ,ho*zeit zu ,cana4 ,aft] 8 temptation & baptism1 ! fir/ manife/ation ( ! div9e mission & miracul\s p[] ( ,jesus 0 at ! w$d+ fea/ at ,cana 9 ,galilee2 & ^? :o _h devot$ !mselves to ! especial glorification ( ! ,virg9 ,"m did n =get t x 0 at h] reque/ ?is fir/ miracle 0 accompli%$3--t out ( h] t5d] & sympa!tic commis]ation = ! app>5t want1 arose h] appeal to him1--n1 inde$1 z requir+ any?+ f him1 b1 look+ to him ) habitual dep5d5ce on 8 goodness & p[]4 ,%e simply said1 ,!y h no w9e6 ,he repli$1 ,woman1 :at h ,i to d ) !e8 ,m9e h\r is n yet come4 ,! t]m woman1 ?us us$1 s\nds h>% to u2 b 9 ! orig9al is a t]m ( respect4 ,nor did ,jesus int5d any d5ial to ! "m1 :om he reg>d$ ) dutiful & pi\s rev]5ce3--x 0 m]ely an intimation t he 0 n yet ent]$ into ! p]iod ( miracul\s p[]4 ,he anticipat$ x1 h[ev]1 = h] sake1 & because ( h] reque/4 ,su* is ! view tak5 ( ?is beautiful & dramatic incid5t by ! e>ly !ologians2 & 9 ! same _s x has be5 int]pret$ by ! pa9t]s4 ,! ,m>riage at ,cana appe>s v seldom 9 ! anci5t repres5tations tak5 f ! ,gospel4 ,all ! monki% in/itutions !n preval5t discr$it$ m>riage2 & x is cle> t ?is di/9ct consecration ( ! rite by ! pres5ce ( ! ,savi\r & 8 "m did n f9d fav\r ) ! e>ly patrons ( art4 ,!re is an old ,greek tradition1 t ! ,m>riage at ,cana 0 t ( ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 :5 ! passionate en?usiasm = ,m>y ,magdal5e 0 at its height1 x 0 a popul> article ( belief1 t ! ,m>riage :i* ,jesus grac$ ) 8 pres5ce 0 t ( ,john ! ,evangeli/ & ,m>y ,magdal5e2 & t imm$iately aft] ! w$d+ fea/1 ,/4 ,john & ,m>y1 devot+ !mselves to an au/]e & *a/e religi\s life1 foll[$ ,*ri/1 & m9i/]$ to him4 ,z a sc5e 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 ! ,m>riage at ,cana1 is ( c\rse introduc$ incid5tally2 b ev5 "h1 su* 7 ! mona/ic pr9ciples & prejudices1 t ,i f9d x difficult to po9t out any v e>ly example4 ,9 ! ,manual ( ,greek ,art1 publi%$ by ,didron1 ! rules = ! repres5tation are ?us laid d[n3--,a table2 ar\nd x ,scribes & ,ph>isees2 "o holds up a cup ( w9e1 & seems a/oni%$4 ,9 ! mid/1 ! bride & bridegroom are seat$ toge!r4 ,! bridegroom is to h 'grey hair & a r\nd be>d 7*eveux gris et b>be arrondie72 bo? are to be cr[n$ ) fl[]s2 beh9d !m1 a s]vitor4 ,*ri/1 ! ,virg91 & ,joseph are to be on "o side1 & on ! o!r are six j>s3 ! att5dants are 9 ! act ( fill+ !m ) wat] f lea!rn buckets4 ,! introduction ( ,joseph is q peculi> to ,greek art2 & ! m curi\s1 t 9 ! li/ ( ,greek subjects !re is n "o f 8 life1 nor 9 :i* he is a conspicu\s figure4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! a/oni%$ rul] ( ! fea/ 7! ,ar*itricl9o71 s dramatic & s necess>y to ! compreh5sion ( ! sc5e1 is sc>cely ev] omitt$4 ,! apo/les :om we may imag9e to be pres5t1 are ,pet]1 ,&rew1 ,james1 & ,john4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z a sep>ate subject1 ! ,m>riage at ,cana fir/ became popul> 9 ! ,v5etian s*ool1 & !nce ext5d$ to ! ,lomb>d & ,g]man s*ools ( ! same p]iod--t is1 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! mo/ beautiful repres5tation ,i h ev] se5 is a fresco1 by ,lu9i1 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,maurizio1 at ,milan4 ,x belongs to a conv5t ( nuns2 & ,i imag9e1 f its introduction !re1 t x _h a my/ic signification1 & ref]r$ to a div9e ,sposalizio4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! treatm5t is p]fect4 ,!re are j ! numb] ( figures necess>y to tell ! /ory1 & no m4 ,x is ! bride :o is "h ! conspicu\s figure1 seat$ 9 ! c5tre1 array$ 9 spotless :ite1 & repres5t$ z a nun ab\t to make h] pr(ession2 = ?is is evid5tly ! int5d$ signification4 ,! bridegroom is at h] side1 & ne> to ! spectator4 ,*ri/1 & ! ,virg9 are seat$ toge!r1 & appe> to be conv]s+4 ,a man pres5ts a cup ( w9e4 ,includ+ gue/s & att5dants1 !re are only twelve figures4 ,! only fault ( ?is exquisite & graceful composition1 is ! introduction ( a cat & dog 9 front3 we feel t !y ought to h be5 omitt$1 z giv+ occasion = irrev]5t witticisms4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is beautiful fresco1 :i* is seldom se51 be+ beh9d ! alt>1 0 9 a v ru9$ condition :5 ,i saw x la/ 9 #ahee4 ,9 contra/ ) ?is picture1 & z a gorge\s specim5 ( ! ,v5etian /yle ( treatm5t1 we may turn to ! ,m>riage at ,cana 9 ! ,l\vre1 orig9ally pa9t$ to cov] "o side ( ! refectory ( ! conv5t ( ,san ,giorgio ,maggiore at ,v5ice1 :5ce x 0 c>ri$ (f by ! ,fr5* 9 #agif4 ,?is imm5se picture is ab\t ?irty-six feet 9 l5g?1 & ab\t tw5ty feet 9 height1 & conta9s m ?an a hundr$ figures above life-size4 ,9 ! c5tre ,*ri/ is seat$1 & beside him ! ,virg9 ,"m4 ,bo? heads are m]ely commonplace1 & probably portraits1 l ^? ( ! o!r p]sonages at ! extremity ( ! table4 ,on ! left are seat$ ! bride & bridegroom4 ,9 ! =egr\nd a company ( musicians are p]=m+ a conc]t2 beh9d ! table is a balu/rade1 :]e are se5 num]\s s]vants occupi$ 9 cutt+ up ! vi&s & s]v+ di%es1 ) att5dants & spectators4 ,! *ief action to be repres5t$1 ! a/oni%+ miracle p]=m$ by him at ^: comm& ! f\nta9 blu%$ into w9e1 is "h q a second>y matt]2 & ! value ( ! picture lies 9 its magnitude & v>iety z a composition1 & ! portraits ( ! hi/orical *>act]s & rem>kable p]sonages introduc$1--,francis ,i41 8 que5 ,eleanora ( ,au/ria1 ,*>les ,v4 & o!rs4 ,9 ! gr\p ( musicians 9 front we recognize ,titian & ,t9toretto1 old ,bassano1 & ,paolo himself4 ,! ,m>riage at ,cana1 z a refectory subject1 _h be5 unkn[n till ?is "t3 x became popul>1 & ,paolo aft]w>ds repeat$ x sev]al times4 ,! mo/ beautiful ( all1 to my feel+1 is t 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 :]e ! rul] ( ! fea/1 hold+ up ! glass ( w9e ) admiration1 seems to exclaim1 ,?\ ha/ kept ! good w9e until n[4 ,9 ano!r1 :i* is at ,milan1 ! ,virg9 turns r\nd to ! att5dant1 & desires him to obey h] ,son2--,:atsoev] he sai? unto y1 d x6 ,z ! ,m>riage at ,cana belongs1 z a subject1 r to ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/1 ?an to t ( ! ,virg9 8 "m1 ,i %all n ent] into x fur!r "h1 b proce$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,aft] ! m>riage at ,cana 9 ,galilee1 :i* may be reg>d$ z ! comm5cem5t ( ! miracul\s mission ( our ,"l1 we d n he> any?+ ( 8 "m1 ! ,virg91 till ! "t approa*$ :5 he 0 to close 8 m9i/ry by 8 dea?4 ,%e is n once ref]r$ to by "n 9 ! ,gospels until ! sc5e ( ! ,crucifixion4 ,we are inde$ giv5 to und]/&1 t 9 ! j\rneys ( our ,savi\r1 & p>ticul>ly :5 he w5t up f ,naz>e? to ,j]usalem1 ! wom5 foll[$ & m9i/]$ to him 7,matt4 xxvii4 #ee1 ,luke1 viii4 #b73 & ^? :o h writt5 ! life ( ! ,virg9 = ! edification ( ! p1 & ^? :o h translat$ x into ! v>i\s =ms ( art1 h tak5 x = grant$ t ,,%e1 8 "m1 c\ld n h be5 abs5t or indiff]5t :]e o!rs att5d$ ) affection & zeal3 b ,i d n rememb] any sc5e 9 :i* %e is an actor1 or ev5 a conspicu\s figure4 ,among ! c>v+s on ! /alls at ,ami5s1 !re is "o :i* repres5ts ! passage 7,matt4 xii4 #df47 :]e9 our ,savi\r1 prea*+ 9 ,judea1 is told t 8 "m & 8 bre?r5 /& )\t4 ,b he answ]+1 said to him t told him1 ',:o is my "m8 & :o are my bre?r58' ,& he /ret*$ =? 8 h& t[>d 8 disciples1 & said1 ',behold my "m & my bre?r56' ,! composition exhibits on "o side ,jesus /&+ & tea*+ 8 disciples2 :ile on ! o!r1 ?r\gh an op5 door1 we p]ceive ! ,virg9 & two or ?ree o!rs4 ,?is repres5tation is v r>e4 ,! date ( ^! /alls is ! sixte5? c5tury2 & su* a gr\p 9 a s]ies ( ! life ( ! ,virg9 c\ld n1 ,i ?9k1 h occurr$ 9 ! fifte5?4 ,x w\ld h be5 q inconsi/5t ) all ! religi\s t5d5cies ( t "t1 to exhibit ,*ri/ z prea*+ )91 :ile 8 div9e & mo/ glori\s ,"m 0 /&+ )\t4 ,! !ologians ( ! middle ages insi/ on ! close & my/ical relation :i* !y assure u exi/$ betwe5 ,*ri/ & 8 "m3 h[ev] f> sep>at$1 !re 0 con/ant communion betwe5 !m2 & :]ev] he might be--9 :atev] acts ( love1 or m]cy1 or b5ign wisdom occupi$ = ! good ( man--!re 0 also 8 "m1 pres5t ) him 9 ! _s4 ,i ?9k we c trace ! impress ( ?is my/icism 9 "s ( ! productions ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies4 ,= example1 among ! frescoes by ,angelico da ,fiesole 9 ! cloi/]s ( ,/4 ,m>k1 at ,flor5ce1 !re is "o ( ! ,transfiguration1 :]e ! ,savi\r /&s glorifi$ ) arms outspread--a simple & sublime conception1--& on ea* side1 half figures ( ,moses & ,elias3 l[] d[n appe> ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,dom9ick4 ,!re is also 9 ! same s]ies a fresco ( ! ,la/ ,supp] z ! ,eu*>i/1 9 :i* ! ,virg9 is kneel+1 glorifi$1 on "o side ( ! picture1 & appe>s z a p>tak] ( ! rite4 ,su* a v]sion ( ei!r subject mu/ be reg>d$ z :olly my/ical & exceptional1 & ,i am n acqua9t$ ) any o!r in/ance4 ,,lo ,,spasimo4 ,o :at avails me n[ t hon\r high1 ,to h conceiv$ ( ,god1 & t salute1 ',hail highly fav\r$ among woman ble/6 ,:ile ,i to sorr[s am no less advanc$1 ,& fe>s z em95t1 above ! lot ,( o!r wom5 by ! bir? ,i bore4 --,?is is my fav\r$ lot1 ,my exaltation to afflictions high4 ,,milton4 ,9 ! ,passion ( our ,"l1 tak5 9 connection ) ! life ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 !re are ?ree sc5es 9 :i* %e is associat$ ) ! action z an important1 if n a pr9cipal1 p]sonage4 ,we are told 9 ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john 7*ap4 xvii71 t ,*ri/ took a solemn f>ewell ( 8 disciples3 x is !re=e suppos$ t he did n g up to 8 dea? )\t tak+ leave ( 8 ,"m1--)\t prep>+ h] = t griev\s agony by all ! com=t t 8 t5d] & cele/ial pity & sup]ior nature c\ld be/[4 ,?is p>t+ ( ,*ri/ & 8 ,"m be=e ! ,crucifixion is a mod]n subject4 ,i am n acqua9t$ ) any example previ\s to ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! e>lie/ ,i h met ) is by ,alb]t ,dur]1 9 ! s]ies ( ! life ( ! ,virg91 b !re are probably examples m anci5t1 or at lea/ contempor>y4 ,9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s composition1 ,m>y is s9k+ to ! e>?1 z if ov]come ) affliction1 & is su/a9$ 9 ! arms ( two wom52 %e looks up ) fold$ h&s & /ream+ eyes to h] ,son :o /&s be=e h]2 he1 ) "o h& ext5d$1 looks d[n ^u h] compassionately1 & seems to give h] 8 la/ b5$iction4 ,i rememb] ano!r in/ance1 by ,paul ,v]onese1 full ( t natural affectionate s5tim5t :i* belong$ to ! ,v5etian s*ool4 7,flor5ce ,gal47 ,9 a v beautiful picture by ,c>otto ( ,v]ona1 ,jesus kneels be=e 8 ,"m1 & receives h] b5$iction be=e he dep>ts3 ?is mu/ be reg>d$ z an impropriety1 a mi/ake 9 po9t ( s5tim5t1 consid]+ ! peculi> relation betwe5 ! two p]sonages2 b x is a /rik+ in/ance ( ! popul> notions ( ! "t respect+ ! high dignity ( ! ,virg9 ,"m4 ,i h n se5 x repeat$4#a ,footnote #a3 ,v]ona1 ,san ,b]n>d9o4 ,x is wor? rem>k+1 ) reg>d to ?is picture1 t ! ,int5dant ( ! ,conv5t rebuk$ ! arti/1 decl>+ t he _h made ! ,savi\r %[ too little rev]5ce = 8 ,"m1 see+ t he knelt to h] on "o knee only4--,see ! anecdote 9 ,vas>i1 vol4 i4 p4 #fea4 ,fl4 ,edit4 #ahch4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x appe>s f ! ,gospel hi/ories1 t ! wom5 :o _h att5d$ ^u ,*ri/ dur+ 8 m9i/ry fail$ n 9 _! tru? & _! love to ! la/4 ,9 ! v>i\s circum/ances ( ! ,passion ( our ,"l1 :]e ! ,virg9 ,"m figures z an important p]sonage1 c]ta9 ( ^! wom5 are repres5t$ z always ne> h]1 & su/a9+ h] ) a t5d] & respectful sympa?y4 ,?ree are m5tion$ by "n1--,m>y ,magdal5e2 ,m>y ! wife ( ,cleophas2 & ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,james & ,john4 ,m>?a1 ! si/] ( ,m>y ,magdal5e1 is also includ$1 z ,i inf] f h] "n1 :i* 9 sev]al in/ances is inscrib$ 9 ! nimbus encircl+ h] head4 ,i h 9 ano!r place giv5 ! /ory ( ,m>?a1 & ! leg5ds :i* 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury conv]t$ h] into a v important "* 9 sacr$ art1 7,fir/ ,s]ies ( ,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 ,^! wom51 !re=e1 =m1 ) ! ,virg91 ! gr\p ( five female figures :i* are g5]ally includ$ 9 ! scriptural sc5es f ! ,life ( ,*ri/4 ,( c\rse1 ^! incid5ts1 & m especially ! ,procession to ,calv>y1 & ! ,crucifixion1 belong to ano!r s]ies ( subjects1 :i* ,i %all h to treat h]eaft] 9 ! ,hi/ory ( our ,"l2 b !y are also includ$ 9 a s]ies ( ! ,ros>y1 z two ( ! my/ical ,,sorr[s2 & "u ?is po9t ( view ,i mu/ draw att5tion to ! peculi> treatm5t ( ! ,virg9 9 "s rem>kable examples1 :i* w s]ve z a guide to o!rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,procession to ,calv>y 7,il ,portam5to della ,croce7 foll[$ a pa? lead+ f ! gate ( ,j]usalem to ,m\nt ,calv>y1 :i* has be5 kept 9 remembrance & sanctifi$ z ! ,via ,dolorosa1 & !re is a c]ta9 spot ne> ! summit ( ! hill1 :]e1 accord+ to a v anci5t tradition1 ! ,virg9 ,"m1 & ! wom5 h] companions1 plac$ !mselves to witness ! sorr[ful procession2 :]e ! ,"m1 behold+ h] div9e ,son dragg$ along1 all ble$+ f ! sc\rge1 & s9k+ "u 8 cross1 9 h] extreme agony sank1 fa9t+1 to ! e>?4 ,?is incid5t gave rise to "o ( ! m\rnful fe/ivals ( ! ,passion ,week1 "u ! title1 9 ,fr5*1 ( ,notre ,dame du ,spasme or de la ,pamoison2 9 ,italian ,la ,madonna dello ,spasimo1 or ,il ,pianto di ,m>ia2 & ?is is ! title giv5 to "s ( ^? repres5tations 9 :i* ! affliction ( ,m>y is a prom95t "p ( ! tragic int]e/ ( ! sc5e4 ,%e is sometimes s9k+ to ! e>?1 su/a9$ by ! wom5 or by ,/4 ,john2 sometimes %e /&s ) clasp$ h&s1 mute & motionless ) excess ( angui%2 sometimes %e /ret*es out h] arms to h] ,son1 z ,jesus1 s9k+ "u ! weight ( 8 cross1 turns 8 b5ign eyes ^u h]1 & ! o!rs :o foll[ him3 ,daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 weep n = me6 ,?is is ! mom5t *os5 by ,raphael 9 t sublime composition celebrat$ "u ! title ,lo ,spasimo di ,sicilia 7,madrid ,gal472 s call$ because x 0 orig9ally pa9t$ = ! high alt> ( ! *ur* ( ! ,sicilian ,olivetans at ,pal]mo1 d$icat$ to ! ,madonna dello ,spasimo4 ,x 0 !nce remov$1 by ord] ( ,philip ,,iv4 ( ,spa91 e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & is n[ plac$ 9 ! gall]y at ,madrid4 ,"h ! gr\p ( ! five wom5 =ms an important "p ( ! picture1 occupy+ ! =egr\nd on ! "r4 ,! expression 9 ! face ( ! ,"m1 /ret*+ =? h] arms to h] ,son ) a look ( appeal+ agony1 has always be5 cit$ z "o ( ! great examples ( ,raphael's tragic p[]4 ,x is well kn[n t 9 ?is composition ! attitude ( ,*ri/ 0 sugge/$ by ! contempor>y engrav+ ( ,m>t9 ,s*o52 b ! prom95ce giv5 to ! gr\p ( wom51 ! dramatic propriety & pa!tic grace 9 ! action ( ea*1 & ! consummate skill %[n 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! :ole1 belong only to ,raphael4#a ,9 ,m>t9 ,s*o5's vivid composition1 ! ,virg91 & ! wom5 h] companions1 are se5 f> (f 9 ! backgr\nd1 cr\*+ 9 ! holl[ way betwe5 two cliffs1 f :i* spot1 accord+ to ! old tradition1 !y beheld ! sad procession4 ,we h q a contr>y arrangem5t 9 an e>ly composition by ,lucas van ,leyd54 ,! procession to ,calv>y is se5 mov+ along 9 ! f> di/ance1 :ile ! =egr\nd is occupi$ by two figures only1 ,m>y 9 a trance ( angui% su/a9$ by ! weep+ ,/4 ,john4 ,footnote #a3 ,! v5]ation at all times ent]ta9$ = ?is picture 0 probably enhanc$ by a rem>kable fact 9 its hi/ory4 ,raphael pa9t$ x t[>ds ! close ( ! ye> #aeag1 & :5 f9i%$1 x 0 emb>k$ at ! port ( ,o/ia1 to be consign$ to ,pal]mo4 ,a /orm came on1 ! vessel f\nd]$ at sea1 & all 0 lo/ except ! case conta9+ ?is picture1 :i* 0 float$ by ! curr5ts into ! ,bay ( ,g5oa2 &1 on be+ l&$1 ! wondr\s ma/]piece ( art 0 tak5 out unhurt4 ,! ,g5oese at fir/ refus$ to give x up1 insi/+ t x _h be5 pres]v$ & float$ to _! %ores by ! miracul\s int]position ( ! bless$ ,virg9 h]self2 & x requir$ a positive m&ate f ! ,pope be=e !y w\ld re/ore x to ! ,olivetan fa!rs4--,see ,passavant's ,rafael1 i4 #bib4 ,9 a v f9e ,portam5to del ,croce1 by ,gaud5zio ,f]r>i1 "o ( ! soldi]s or execution]s1 9 repuls+ ! sorr[ful "m1 lifts up a /ick z if to /rike h]2--a gratuit\s act ( f]ocity1 :i* %ocks at once ! ta/e & ! feel+s1 &1 )\t add+ any?+ to ! pa?os ( ! situation1 detracts f ! religi\s dignity ( ! !me4 ,x is l ! soldi] kick+ our ,savi\r1 :i* ,i rememb] to h se5 9 a v]sion ( ! subject by a mu* lat] pa9t]1 ,daniele ,crespi4 ,murillo repres5ts ,*ri/ z fa9t+ "u ! weight ( ! cross1 :ile ! ,virg9 sits on ! gr\nd by ! way-side1 gaz+ on him ) fix$ eyes & fold$ h&s1 & a look ( unutt]able angui%4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is picture1 rem>kable = ! int5se expression1 0 9 ! collection ( ,"l ,or=d1 & sold 9 ,june1 #ahef4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,ecce ,homo1 by ,correggio1 9 our ,national ,gall]y1 is treat$ 9 a v peculi> mann] ) ref]5ce to ! ,virg91 & is1 9 fact1 ano!r v]sion ( ,lo ,spasimo1 ! f\r? ( h] ineffable sorr[s4 ,"h ,*ri/1 z exhibit$ to ! p by ,pilate1 is plac$ 9 ! di/ance1 & is 9 all respects ! lea/ important "p ( ! picture1 ( :i* we h ! real subject 9 ! f> m prom95t figure ( ! ,virg9 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,at sight ( ! agony & degradation ( h] ,son1 %e closes h] eyes1 & is on ! po9t ( swoon+4 ,! pa?os ( expression 9 ! half-unconsci\s face & helpless1 almo/ lifeless h&s1 :i* seem to seek support1 is p>ticul>ly f9e4 ,,! ,,crucifixion4 ,v]um /abas1 optima ,mat]1 juxta crucem ,filli tui1 non solum corpore1 s$ m5tis con/atia4 ,?is great subject belongs m p>ticul>ly to ! ,life ( ,*ri/4 ,x is1 ,i obs]ve1 always omitt$ 9 a s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 unless x be ! ,ros>y1 9 :i* ! ,vigil ( ! ,virg9 by ! ,cross is ! fif? & greate/ ( ! ,sev5 ,sorr[s4 ,we _c fail to rem>k1 t :e!r ! ,crucifixion be treat$ z a my/]y or z an ev5t1 ,m>y is always an important figure4 ,9 ! =m] case %e /&s alone on ! "r ( ! cross1 & ,/4 ,john on ! left4#a ,%e looks up ) an expression ( m+l$ grief & fai?1 or b[s h] head ^u h] clasp$ h&s 9 resignation4 ,9 su* a position %e is ! idealiz$ ,mat] ,dolorosa1 ! ,daught] ( ,j]usalem1 ! p]sonifi$ ,*ur* m\rn+ = ! great ,sacrifice2 & ?is view ( ! subject ,i h already discuss$ at l5g?4 ,footnote #a3 ,x has be5 a "q ) ! le>n$ :e!r ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ) ,/4 ,john1 ought n to /& on ! left ( ! cross1 9 allusion to ,psalm cxlii4 7always int]pret$ z prophetic ( ! ,passion ( ,*ri/7 v]4 #d3 ,i look$ on my "r h&1 & be held1 b !re 0 none :o w\ld "k me4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! ,crucifixion is treat$ z a great hi/orical ev5t1 z a liv+ sc5e act$ be=e our eyes1 !n ! position & s5tim5t giv5 to ! ,virg9 are altoge!r diff]5t1 b equally fix$ by ! traditions ( art4 ,t %e 0 pres5t1 & ne> at h&1 we mu/ presume f ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,john1 :o 0 an eye-witness2 & mo/ ( ! !ological writ]s inf] t on ?is occasion h] con/ancy & sublime fai? 7 ev5 great] ?an h] grief1 & t h] h]oic =titude elevat$ h] equally above ! weep+ wom5 & ! timor\s disciples4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 ! view :i* ! mod]n pa9t]s h tak51 & ev5 ! mo/ anci5t examples exhibit ! mat]nal grief = a :ile ov]com+ ! con/ancy4 ,%e is /&+ inde$1 b 9 a fa9t+ attitude1 z if ab\t to s9k to ! e>?1 & is su/a9$ 9 ! arms ( ! two ,m>ys1 assi/$1 sometimes1 b n g5]ally1 by ,/4 ,john2 ,m>y ,magdal5e is usually embrac+ ! foot ( ! cross4 ,) v little v>iation ?is is ! visual treatm5t d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,i d n "k :o 0 ! fir/ arti/ :o plac$ ! ,"m pro/rate on ! gr\nd2 b x mu/ be reg>d$ z a fault1 & z detract+ f ! high religi\s dignity ( ! sc5e4 ,9 all ! greate/ examples1 f ,cimabue1 ,giotto1 & ,pietro ,cavall9i1 d[n to ,angelico1 ,masaccio1 & ,&rea ,mantegna1 & _! contempor>ies1 ,m>y is uni=mly /&+4 ,9 a ,crucifixion by ,m>t9 ,s*o51 ! ,virg91 p>tly held up 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,john1 embraces ) f]v\r ! foot ( ! cross3 a v r>e & exceptional treatm5t1 = ?is is ! prop] place ( ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,9 ,alb]t ,dur]'s composition1 %e is j 9 ! act ( s9k+ to ! gr\nd 9 a v natural attitude1 z if h] limbs _h giv5 way "u h]4 ,9 ,t9toretto's celebrat$ ,crucifixion1 we h an example ( ! ,virg9 plac$ on ! gr\nd1 :i* if n "o ( ! e>lie/1 is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( ! m mod]n conceptions4 ,"h ! gr\p at ! foot ( ! cross is wond]fully dramatic & expressive1 b c]ta9ly ! rev]se ( dignifi$4 ,m>y lies fa9t+ on ! e>?2 "o arm is su/a9$ by ,/4 ,john1 ! o!r is r\nd ! neck ( a woman :o leans aga9/ ! bosom ( ! ,virg91 ) eyes clos$1 z if lo/ 9 grief4 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ano!r look up to ! crucifi$ ,savi\r1 & m 9 front a woman kneels wrapp$ up 9 a cloak1 & hides h] face4 7,v5ice1 ,s4 ,rocco47 ,zani has notic$ ! impropriety "h1 & 9 o!r in/ances1 ( exhibit+ ! ,gr&issima ,donna z pro/rate1 & 9 a /ate ( ins5sibility2 a /yle ( treatm5t :i*1 9 m anci5t times1 w\ld h be5 inadmissible4 ,! idea embodi$ by ! arti/ %\ld be t :i* ,bi%op ,taylor has pa9t$ 9 words3--,by ! cross /ood ! holy ,virg9 ,"m1 ^u :om old ,simeon's prophecy 0 n[ v]ifi$2 = n[ %e felt a sword pass+ ?r\gh h] v s\l4 ,%e /ood )\t clam\r & womani% noises sad1 sil5t1 & ) a mode/ grief1 deep z ! wat]s ( ! abyss1 b smoo? z ! face ( a pool2 full ( love1 & pati5ce1 & sorr[1 & hope6 ,to suppose t ?is noble creature lo/ all p[] ov] h] emotions1 lo/ h] consci\sness ( ! high affliction %e 0 call$ to suff]1 is q unwor?y ( ! gr& ideal ( womanly p]fection "h plac$ be=e u4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! lat] repres5tations1 ! int5se expression ( mat]nal angui% 9 ! hymn ( ! ,/abat ,mat] gave ! key to ! prevail+ s5tim5t4 ,& z x is sometimes easi] to fa9t ?an to endure2 s x 0 easi] = c]ta9 arti/s to express ! pallor & pro/ration ( ins5sibility1 ?an ! sublime fai? & =titude :i* 9 t extreme/ h\r ( trial conqu]$ ev5 a "m's unutt]able woe4 ,t mo/ affect+ mom5t1 9 :i* ! dy+ ,savi\r recomm5ds 8 ,"m to ! c>e ( ! be/ belov$ ( 8 disciples1 ,i h nev] se5 wor?ily treat$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s few ,crucifixions 9 :i* ,i presume ! idea to h be5 indicat$2 z :]e ! ,virg9 /&s lean+ on ,/4 ,john1 ) 8 su/a9+ arm rev]5tly r\nd h]1 & bo? look+ up to ! ,savi\r1 ^: dy+ face is turn$ t[>ds !m4 ,!re is an in/ance by ,alb]t ,dur] 7! wood-cut 9 ! ,l>ge ,passion72 b ! examples are s few z to be exceptional4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,f ,,! ,,cross1 & ! ,,deposition1 are two sep>ate !mes4 ,9 ! fir/1 accord+ to ! antique =mula1 ! ,virg9 %\ld /&2 = "h1 z 9 ! ,crucifixion1 %e mu/ be associat$ ) ! pr9cipal action1 & n1 by ! excess ( h] grief1 disabl$ f tak+ h] "p 9 x4 ,9 ! old leg5d x is said1 t :5 ,joseph ( ,arima!a & ,nicodemus wr5*$ out ! nails :i* fa/5$ ! h&s ( our ,"l to ! cross1 ,/4 ,john took !m away secretly1 t 8 "m might n see !m--aff9 que la ,vi]ge ,m>ie ne les veit pas1 cra9te que le coeur ne lui amoli/4 ,& !n1 :ile ,nicodemus drew =? ! nails :i* fa/5$ 8 feet1 ,joseph ( ,arima!a su/a9$ ! body1 s t ! head & arms ( ! dead ,savi\r hung ov] 8 %\ld]4 ,& ! afflict$ ,"m1 see+ ?is1 arose on h] feet & %e took ! ble$+ h&s ( h] ,son1 z !y hung d[n1 & clasp$ !m 9 h] own1 & kiss$ him t5d]ly4 ,& !n1 inde$1 %e sank to ! e>?1 because ( ! great angui% %e suff]$1 lam5t+ h] ,son1 :om ! cruel ,jews _h murd]$4#a ,footnote #a3 ---- tant qu'il n'y a coeur si dur1 ni ent5dem5t d'homme qui n'y deu/ p5s]4 ',lasse1 mon con=t6 m'am\r et ma joye1 que les ,juifz ont faict m\rir gr& tort et sans cause p\r ce qu'il leur mon/rait leurs faltes et enseignoit leur saulvem5t6 ,o felons et mauvais ,juifz1 ne m'ep>gnez pas6 puisque v\s crucifiez mon enfant crucifiez moy--moy qui suis sa dol5te m]e1 et me tuez d'aucune mort aff9 que je meure avec luy6' v4 ,! old ,fr5* ,leg5d1 ,vie de ,notre-,dame la glorieuse ,vi]ge ,m>ie4 ,! fir/ action describ$ 9 ?is leg5d 7! afflict$ ,"m embrac+ ! arm ( h] ,son7 is precisely t :i* 0 adopt$ by ! ,greek ma/]s1 & by ! e>ly ,italians :o foll[$ !m1 ,nicolo ,pisano1 ,cimabue1 ,giotto1 ,puccio ,capanna1 ,duccio di ,si5a1 & o!rs f ! ?irte5? to ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,b 9 lat] pictures1 ! ,virg9 9 ! extremity ( h] grief has sunk to ! gr\nd4 ,9 an alt>-piece by ,cigoli1 %e is seat$ on ! e>?1 look+ out ( ! picture1 z if appeal+1 ,0 ev] sorr[ l unto my sorr[8 :ile ! cr[n ( ?orns lies be=e h]4 ,?is is v beautiful2 b ev5 m t\*+ is ! gr\p 9 ! fam\s ,desc5t f ! ,cross1 ! ma/]piece ( ,daniel di ,volt]ra 7,rome1 ,tr9it di ,monte73 "h ! fa9t+ =m ( ! ,virg91 ext5d$ on ! e>?1 & ! dy+ angui% 9 h] face1 h nev] be5 exce$$1 & are1 9 fact1 ! *ief m]it ( ! picture4 ,9 ! fam\s ,desc5t at ,antw]p1 ! ma/]piece ( ,rub5s1 ,m>y /&s1 & supports ! arm ( h] ,son z he is let d[n f ! cross4 ,?is is 9 accordance ) ! anci5t v]sion2 b h] face & figure are ! lea/ effective "p ( ?is f9e picture4 ,9 a beautiful small composition1 a pr9t1 attribut$ to ,alb]t ,dur]1 !re are only ?ree figures4 ,joseph ( ,arima!a /&s on a ladd]1 & deta*es f ! cross ! dead =m ( ! ,savi\r1 :o is receiv$ into ! arms ( 8 ,"m4 ,?is is a =m ( ! ,mat] ,dolorosa :i* is v uncommon1 & mu/ be reg>d$ z exceptional1 & ideal1 unless we are to consid] x z a /udy & an incomplete gr\p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,deposition is prop]ly t mom5t :i* succe$s ! ,,desc5t f ! ,cross2 :5 ! dead =m ( ,*ri/ is depos$ or laid ^u ! gr\nd1 re/+ on ! lap ( 8 ,"m1 & lam5t$ by ,/4 ,john1 ! ,magdal5e1 & o!rs4 ,! ideal & devotional =m ( ?is subject1 /yl$ a ,piet1 may be int5d$ to repres5t "o ( ^? fe/ivals ( ! ,passion ,week :i* commemorate ! p>ticipation ( ! holy ,virg9 ,"m 9 ! suff]+s ( h] ,son4#a ,i h already spok5 at l5g? ( ?is =m ( ! ,mat] ,dolorosa2 ! hi/orical v]sion ( ! same subject is :at we h n[ to consid]1 b only s f> z reg>ds ! figure ( ! ,virg94 ,footnote #a3 ,c'e/ ce que l'on a jug propos d'appel] ,la ,compassion de la ,vi]ge1 autrem5t ,notre ,dame de ,piti4--,vide ,baillet1 ,les ,ftes ,mobiles4 ,9 a ,deposition ?us dramatically treat$1 !re are always f f\r to six or eight figures4 ,! pr9cipal gr\p consi/s ( ! dead ,savi\r & 8 ,"m4 ,%e g5]ally holds him embrac$1 or b5ds ov] him contemplat+ 8 dead face1 or lays h] *eek to 8 ) an expression ( unutt]able grief & love3 9 ! antique conception %e is g5]ally fa9t+2 ! ins5sibility1 ! s9k+ ( ! :ole frame ?r\gh grief1 :i* 9 ! ,crucifixion is misplac$1 bo? 9 reg>d to ! religi\s feel+ & ! old tradition1 is "h q prop]4#a ,?us %e appe>s 9 ! g5u9e ,greek & ,greco-,italian productions ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 z well z 9 ! two f9e/ examples t c\ld be cit$ 9 m mod]n times4 ,footnote #a3 ,! reason giv5 is curi\s3--,p]* qu&o ,ges p>eva torm5tato ess5do vivo1 il dolore si p>tiva fr la santissima madre e lui2 ma qu&o poi egli era morto1 tutto il dolore rimaneva p] la sconsolata madre4 #a4 ,9 an exquisite composition by ,raphael1 usually /yl$ a ,piet1 b prop]ly a ,deposition1 !re are six figures3 ! ext5d$ =m ( ,*ri/2 ! ,virg9 swoon+ 9 ! arms ( ,m>y ,salome & ,m>y ,cleophas2 ,m>y ,magdal5e su/a9s ! feet ( ,*ri/1 :ile h] si/] ,m>?a raises ! veil ( ! ,virg91 z if to give h] air2 ,/4 ,john /&s by ) clasp$ h&s2 & ,joseph ( ,arima!a looks on ! sorr[+ gr\p ) m+l$ grief & pity4#a ,footnote #a3 ,?is wond]ful draw+ 7!re is no f9i%$ picture7 0 9 ! collection ( ,c\nt ,fries1 & !n belong$ to ,sir ,t4 ,lawr5ce4 ,!re is a good engrav+ by ,agricola4 #b4 ,ano!r1 an admirable & celebrat$ composition by ,annibale ,c>acci1 kn[n z ! ,f\r ,m>ys1 omits ,m>?a & ,/4 ,john4 ,! att5tion ( ,m>y ,magdal5e is fix$ on ! dead ,savi\r2 ! o!r two ,m>ys are occupi$ by ! fa9t+ ,"m4 7,ca/le ,h[>d47 ,on comp>+ ?is ) ,raphael's conception1 we f9d m ( common nature1 q z mu* pa?os1 b 9 ! =ms less ( t pure poetic grace1 :i* s(t5s at once1 & height5s ! tragic effect4 ,besides ,joseph ( ,arima!a1 we h sometimes ,nicodemus2 z 9 ! v f9e ,deposition by ,p]ug9o1 & 9 "o1 n loss f9e1 by ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,9 a ,deposition by ,ambrogio ,lor5zetti1 ,laz>us1 :om ,jesus rais$ f ! dead1 /&s ne> 8 si/] ,m>?a4 ,9 a picture by ,v&yke1 ! ,"m closes ! eyes ( ! dead ,r$eem]3 9 a picture by ,rub5s1 %e removes a ?orn f 8 w\nd$ br[3--bo? natural & dramatic incid5ts v *>act]i/ic ( ^! dramatic pa9t]s4 ,!re are "s f9e examples ( ?is subject 9 ! old ,g]man s*ool4 ,9 spite ( ungraceful =ms1 qua9t mod]n co/umes1 & worse absurdities1 we (t5 f9d motifs1 unkn[n 9 ! ,italian s*ool1 mo/ pr(\ndly felt1 ?\gh n always happily express$1 ,i rememb] sev]al in/ances 9 :i* ! ,madonna does n su/a9 h] ,son2 b kneel+ on "o side1 &1 ) clasp$ h&s1 %e gazes on him ) a look1 p>tly ( devotion1 p>tly ( resignation2 bo? ! devotion & ! resignation pr$om9at+ ov] ! mat]nal grief4 ,i h be5 ask$1 :y no pa9t] has ev] yet repres5t$ ! ,great ,"m z rais+ h] h&s 9 ?ankfulness t h] ,son _h drank ! cup--_h f9i%$ ! "w appo9t$ = him on e>?8 ,?is w\ld h be5 wor?y ( ! religions significance ( ! mom5t2 & ,i recomm5d ! !me to ! consid]ation ( arti/s4#a ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! mo/ mod]n ,deposition ,i h se5 7"o ( inf9ite beauty1 & new 9 arrangem5t1 by ,paul ,del>o*e71 ! ,virg91 kneel+ at "s di/ance1 & a little above1 contemplates h] dead ,son4 ,! expression & attitude are ^? ( int5se angui%1 & only angui%4 ,x is ! b]eav$ ,"m2 x is a crav+ desolation1 :i* is 9 ! highe/ degree human & tragic2 b x is n ! truly religi\s conception4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! entombm5t foll[s1 & :5 treat$ z a /rictly hi/orical sc5e1 ! ,virg9 ,"m is always introduc$1 ?\gh "h z a less conspicu\s figure1 & "o less important to ! action4 ,ei!r %e swoons1 :i* is ! anci5t ,greek conception2 or %e foll[s1 ) /ream+ eyes & clasp$ h&s1 ! pi\s disciples :o be> ! dead =m ( h] ,son1 z 9 ,raphael's wond]ful picture 9 ! ,borghese ,palace1 & ,titian's1 h>dly less beautiful1 9 ! ,l\vre1 :]e ! compassionate ,magdal5e su/a9s h] veil$ & weep+ figure2--or %e /&s by1 look+ on disconsolate1 :ile ! belov$ ,son is laid 9 ! tomb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,all ^! f9e & important !mes belong prop]ly to a s]ies ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,9 a s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 ! incid5ts ( ! ,passion ( our ,"l are g5]ally omitt$2 :]eas1 9 ! cycle ( subjects /yl$ ! ,,ros>y1 ! ,be>+ ( ! ,cross1 ! ,crucifixion1 & ! ,deposition1 are includ$ 9 ! f\r? & fif? ( ! ,sorr[ful ,my/]ies4 ,i %all h mu* m to say on ^! subjects :5 treat+ ( ! arti/ic repres5tations f ! ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,i w only add "h1 t _! frequ5cy z sep>ate subjects1 & ! prem95ce giv5 to ! figure ( ! ,virg9 z ! "m ( ,pity1 are v sugge/ive & affect+ :5 we come to consid] _! int5tion z well z _! significance4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 !y 7 9 mo/ in/ances ! votive (f]+s ( ^? :o _h lo/ ! be+ mo/ de> to !m1 & ?us appeal$ s ! div9e compassion ( h] :o _h felt t sword pi]ce ?r\gh h] own he>t also4 ,9 ?is s5se !y 7 (t5 susp5d$ z memorials 9 ! *apels d$icat$ to ! dead1 ( :i* ,i w cite "o v beautiful & t\*+ example4 ,!re is a votive ,deposition by ,giott9o1 9 :i* ! g5]al conception is t :i* belong$ to ! s*ool1 & v l ,giotto's ,deposition 9 ! ,ar5a at ,padua4 ,! dead ,*ri/ is ext5d$ on a :ite %r\d1 & embrac$ by ! ,virg92 at 8 feet kneels ! ,magdal5e1 ) clasp$ h&s & fl[+ hair2 ,m>y ,salome kisses "o ( 8 h&s1 & ,m>?a 7z ,i suppose7 ! o!r2 ! ?ird ,m>y1 ) long hair1 & head dropp+ ) grief1 is seat$ 9 front to ! "r4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 9 ! c5tre1 /&s ,/4 ,john1 b5d+ ov] ! gr\p 9 pr(\nd sorr[2 on 8 left h& ,joseph ( ,arima!a /&s ) ! vase ( spices & o9tm5ts1 & ! nails2 ne> him ,nicodemus4 ,on ! "r ( ,/4 ,john kneels a beautiful "y girl1 9 ! ri* ,flor5t9e co/ume1 :o1 ) a sorr[ful e>ne/ness & ) h] h&s cross$ ov] h] bosom1 contemplates ! dead ,savi\r4 ,/4 ,romeo 7or ,san ,remigio7 patron ( ! *ur* 9 :i* ! picture 0 d$icat$1 lays 8 h& pat]nally on h] head2 beside h] kneels a ,b5$ict9e nun1 :o 9 ! game mann] is pres5t$ by ,/4 ,b5$ict4 ,^! two females1 si/]s p]haps1 are ! b]eav$ m\rn]s :o d$icat$ ! picture1 c]ta9ly "o ( ! f9e/ ( ! ,giottesque s*ool4#a ,footnote #a3 ,x is n[ 9 ! gall]y ( ! ,uffizii1 at ,flor5ce4 ,9 ! ,flor5t9e edition ( ,vas>i ! "n ( ! *ur* 9 :i* ?is picture 0 orig9ally plac$ is call$ ,san ,romeo1 :o is ,/4 ,remi 7or ,remigio71 ,bi%op ( ,reims4 ,! pa9t]1 ,giott9o1 ! greate/ & ! mo/ int]e/+1 p]sonally1 ( ! ,giottesque arti/s1 01 z ,vas>i says1 ( a melan*oly temp]am5t1 & a lov] ( solitude2 m desir\s ( glory ?an ( ga92 cont5t$ ) little1 & ?9k+ m ( s]v+ & gratify+ o!rs ?an ( himself2 tak+ small c>e = himself1 & p]petually engross$ by ! works he _h und]tak54 ,he di$ ( consumption1 9 #acef1 at ! age ( ?irty two4 ,secondly1 we f9d t ! associations left 9 ! m9ds ( ! p by ! exp$itions ( ! ,crusad]s & ! pilgrimages to ! ,holy ,sepul*re1 r5d]$ ! ,deposition & ! ,entombm5t p>ticul>ly popul> & impressive z subjects ( art1 ev5 d[n to a late p]iod4 ,ce que la vaillante pe des ayeux avait glorieusem5t def5du1 le ciscaux des enfans aimait le rproduire1 leur pit l'honor]4 ,i ?9k we may trace ^! associations 9 _m examples1 p>ticul>ly 9 a ,deposition by ,raphael1 ( :i* !re is a f9e old engrav+4 ,"h1 9 ! c5tre1 /&s a circul> build+1 su* z ! *ur* at ,j]usalem 0 always describ$2 9 front ( :i* are se5 ! fa9t+ ,virg9 & ! m\rnful wom53 a gr& & solemn gr\p1 b poetically r ?an hi/orically treat$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 conclusion1 ,i mu/ notice "o m =m ( ! ,mat] ,dolorosa1 "o ( ! dramatic conceptions ( ! lat] s*ools ( art2 z f> z ,i knew1 !re exi/ no e>ly examples4 ,9 a picture by ,gu]c9o 7,l\vre71 ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,pet] lam5t ! dea? ( ! ,savi\r4 ,! ,"m1 ) h] clasp$ h&s re/+ on h] knees1 appe>s lo/ 9 resign$ sorr[3 %e m\rns h] ,son4 ,pet]1 weep+1 z ) a tr\bl$ grief1 seems to m\rn at once 8 ,"l & ,ma/]1 & 8 own weak d5ial4 ,?is picture has ! en]getic feel+ & utt] want ( poetic elevation :i* g5]ally *>act]iz$ ,gu]c9o4 ,!re is a simil> gr\p by ,ludovico ,c>acci 9 ! ,duonio at ,bologna4 ,9 a picture by ,ti>9i1 ! ,madre ,addolorata is seat$1 hold+ 9 h] h& ! cr[n ( ?orns2 ,m>y ,magdal5e kneels be=e h]1 & ,/4 ,john /&s by--bo? express+ ! utmo/ v5]ation & sympa?y4 ,^! & simil> gr\ps are especially to be f\nd 9 ! lat] ,bologna s*ool4 ,9 all ! in/ances kn[n to me1 !y h be5 pa9t$ = ! ,dom9icans1 & evid5tly int5d$ to illu/rate ! sorr[s ( ! ,ros>y4 ,9 "o ( ! s]vices ( ! ,passion ,week1 & 9 p>ticul> ref]5ce to ! mat]nal angui% ( ! ,virg91 x 0 usual to read1 z ! ,epi/le1 a selection f ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,lam5tations ( ,j]emiah1 eloqu5t 9 ! language ( desolation & grief4 ,! pa9t]s seem$ to h fill$ _! imag9ation ) ! images !re pres5t$2 & frequ5tly 9 ! ideal ,piet ! daught] ( ,j]usalem sits solit>y1 ) none to com=t h]4 ,x is ! contr>y 9 ! dramatic v]sion3 ! devotion ( ! wom51 ! solicitude ( ! affectionate ,magdal5e1 & ! filial rev]5ce ( ,/4 ,john1 :om ! scriptural hi/ory associates ) ! ,virg9 9 a mann] s affect+1 are nev] =gott54 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! la/ comm& ( 8 dy+ ,ma/]1 ,john ! ,evangeli/-- ,he1 into ^: keep+1 f ! cross1 ,! mighty *>ge 0 giv5-- ,,dante4 conduct$ to 8 own dwell+ ! ,"m to :om he 0 h5ce=? to be z a ,son4 ,?is beautiful subject1 ,john conduct+ ! ,virg9 to 8 home1 0 q unkn[n1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 9 ! e>li] s*ools ( art1 & appe>s fir/ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,an em95t in/ance is a f9e solemn gr\p by ,zurb>an4 7,muni*47 ,*ri/ 0 laid 9 ! sepul*re by night1 & "h1 9 ! gray dawn1 ,john & ! veil$ ,virg9 are se5 z return+ f ! entombm5t1 & walk+ m\rnfully side by side4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we f9d ! peculi> relation betwe5 ! ,"m ( ,*ri/ & ,/4 ,john1 z h] adopt$ son1 express$ 9 a v t5d] & ideal mann]1 on "o ( ! w+s ( an alt>-piece1 attribut$ to ,taddeo ,gaddi4 7,b]l9 ,gal41 ,no4 #ajha47 ,m>y & ,/4 ,john /& 9 front2 he holds "o ( h] h&s clasp$ 9 bo? 8 own1 ) a mo/ rev]5t & affectionate expression4 ,*ri/1 /&+ betwe5 !m1 lays "o h& on ! %\ld] ( ea*2 ! s5tim5t ( ?is gr\p is altoge!r v unusual2 & v rem>kable4 ,,hi/orical ,,subjects ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,m>y ,,f ,,! ,,resurrection ,,( ,,our ,,"l ,,to ,,! ,,assumption4 #a4 ,,! ,,app>ition ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,to ,,8 ,,"m4 #b4 ,,! ,,asc5sion4 #c4 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,gho/4 #d4 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,! ,,virg94 #e4 ,,! ,,assumption ,,& ,,coronation4 ,,! ,,app>ition ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,to ,,8 ,,"m4 ,! en?usia/ic & increas+ v5]ation = ! ,madonna1 ! l>ge place %e fill$ 9 ! religi\s tea*+ ( ! ecclesia/ics & ! religi\s s5tim5ts ( ! p1 are n[h]e m app>5t1 nor m /rik+ly exhibit$1 ?an 9 ! mann] 9 :i* %e 0 associat$ ) ! sc5es :i* foll[$ ! ,passion2--! mann] 9 :i* "s incid5ts 7 sugge/$1 & treat$ ) a peculi> ref]5ce to h]1 & to h] mat]nal feel+s4 ,x is n[h]e said t ! ,virg9 ,"m 0 "o ( ! ,m>ys :o visit$ ! tomb on ! morn+ ( ! resurrection1 & n[h]e is %e s repres5t$4 ,b out ( ! human sympa?y ) t b]eav$ & long+ he>t1 arose ! beautiful leg5d ( ! int]view betwe5 ,*ri/ & 8 ,"m aft] he _h ris5 f ! dead4 ,!re exi/$ a v anci5t tradition 7x is m5tion$ by ,/4 ,ambrose 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 z be+ !n g5]ally accept$ by ,*ri/ians71 t ,*ri/1 aft] 8 return f ,hades1 visit$ 8 ,"m ev5 be=e he appe>$ to ,m>y ,magdal5e 9 ! g>d54 ,x is n inde$ s writt5 9 ! ,gospel2 b :at ( t8 ,! reason+ :i* l$ to ! conclusion 0 v simple4 ,he ^: la/ e>?ly ?\ght 0 = 8 ,"m w\ld n leave h] )\t t consolation x 0 9 8 p[] to give2 & :at1 z a son1 x 0 8 duty to d 7= ! humanity ( ,*ri/ is nev] =gott5 by ^? :o mo/ int5sely believ$ 9 8 div9ity17 t1 ( c\rse1 he did d4 ,! /ory is ?us relat$3--,m>y1 :5 all 0 f9i%$1 retir$ to h] *amb]1 & rema9$ alone ) h] grief--n wail+1 n rep9+1 n hopeless1 b wait+ = ! fulfilm5t ( ! promise4 ,op5 be=e h] lay ! volume ( ! prophecies2 & %e pray$ e>ne/ly1 & %e said1 ,?\1 did/ promise1 ,o my mo/ de> ,son6 t ?\ w\ld/ rise aga9 on ! ?ird day4 ,be=e ye/]day 0 ! day ( d>kness & bitt]ness1 &1 behold1 ?is is ! ?ird day4 ,return !n to me ?y ,"m2 ,o my ,son1 t>ry n1 b come6 ,& :ile ?us %e pray$1 lo6 a bright company ( angels1 :o ent]$ wav+ _! palms & radiant ) joy2 & !y surr\nd$ h]1 kneel+ & s++ ! triumphant ,ea/] hymn1 ,reg9a ,coeli lt>e1 ,alleluia6#a ,& !n came ,*ri/ p>tly clo!d 9 a :ite g>m5t1 hav+ 9 8 left h& ! /&>d ( ! cross1 z "o j return$ f ! ne!r _w1 & victori\s ov] ! p[]s ( s9 & dea?4 ,& ) him came ! patri>*s & prophets1 ^: long-imprison$ spirits he _h releas$ f ,hades4#b ,all ^! knelt be=e ! ,virg91 & salut$ h]1 & bless$ h]1 & ?ank$ h]1 because ?r\gh h] _h come _! deliv]ance4 ,b1 = all ?is1 ! ,"m 0 n com=t$ till %e _h he>d ! voice ( h] ,son4 ,!n he1 rais+ 8 h& 9 b5$iction1 spoke & said1 ,i salute !e1 ,o my ,"m6 & %e1 weep+ te>s ( joy1 respond$1 ,is x ?\ inde$1 my mo/ de> ,son8 & %e fell ^u 8 neck1 & he embrac$ h] t5d]ly1 & %[$ h] ! w\nds he _h receiv$ = s9ful man4 ,!n he bid h] be com=t$ & weep no m1 = ! pa9 ( dea? _h pass$ away1 & ! gates ( hell _h n prevail$ aga9/ him4 ,& %e ?ank$ him meekly on h] knees1 = t he _h be5 pleas$ to br+ r$emption to man1 & to make h] ! humble in/rum5t ( 8 great m]cy4 ,& !y sat & talk$ toge!r1 until he took leave ( h] to return to ! g>d51 & to %[ himself to ,m>y ,magdal5e1 :o1 next to 8 glori\s ,"m1 _h mo/ ne$ ( consolation4#c ,footnote #a3 ,reg9a ,coeli lt>e ,alleluia6 ,quia quem m]ui/i port>e1 ,alleluia6 ,resurrexit sicut dixit1 ,alleluia6 ,ora pro nobis ,deum1 ,alleluia6 ,footnote #b3 ,! leg5d ( ! ,desc5t into ,hades 7or limbo71 (t5 treat$ ( 9 art1 w be giv5 at l5g? 9 ! ,hi/ory ( our ,"l4 ,footnote #c3 ,i h giv5 ! leg5d f v>i\s s\rces2 b !re is some?+ q untranslatable & p]fectly beautiful 9 ! navet ( ! old ,italian v]sion4 ,aft] describ+ ! cele/ial music ( ! angels1 ! rejoic+ ( ! lib]at$ patri>*s1 & ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 allegro1 e bello e tutto lucido1 x ?us proce$s3 ,qu&o ella lo vidde1 gli & incontro ella ancora con le braccia ap]te1 e quasi tramortita p] l'allegrazza4 ,il b5$etto ,ges l'abbraccio t5]essimam5te1 ed ella glidesse2 ',ahi1 figliuolo mio cordialissimo1 sei tu v]am5te il mio ,ges1 pur m'+anna l'affetto6' ',io sono il tuo figliuolo1 madre mia1 dolcissima1' disse il ,signore3 'cess9o hormai le tue lagrime1 non f>e *'io ti v$a pi di mala voglia1 ,gi son f9iti li tuoi e li miei travagli e dolori insieme6' ,erano rimase alcune lagrime negli oc*i della ,v]g9e4444 e p] la gr&e allegrezza non poteva pr(]ire p>ola alcuna 444 ma qu&o al f9e pot p>l>e1 lo r+razio p] p>te di tutto il g5]e humano1 p] la r$5zione1 op]ata e fatta1 p] tutto g5]alm5te4--v4 ,il ,p]fetto ,leg5d>io ,! pa!tic s5tim5t1 & all ! sup]natural & my/ical accompanim5ts ( ?is beautiful my? ( ! e>ly ages1 h be5 v inadequately r5d]$ by ! arti/s4 ,x is always treat$ z a pla9 matt]-(-fact sc5e4 ,! ,virg9 kneels2 ! ,savi\r1 be>+ 8 /&>d1 /&s be=e h]2 & :]e ! deliv]$ patri>*s are introduc$1 !y are g5]ally ei!r ,adam & ,eve1 ! au?ors ( ! fall or ,abraham & ,david1 ! prog5itors ( ,*ri/ & ! ,virg94 ,! patri>*s are omitt$ 9 ! e>lie/ in/ance ,i c ref] to1 "o ( ! c>v$ panels ( ! /alls 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,ami5s3 also 9 ! composition by ,alb]t ,dur]1 n includ$ 9 8 life ( ! ,virg91 b =m+ "o ( ! s]ies ( ! ,passion4 ,guido has repres5t$ ! sc5e 9 a v f9e picture1 :]e9 an angel be>s ! /&>d ( victory1 & beh9d our ,savi\r are ,adam & ,eve4 7,dresd5 ,gal47 ,ano!r example1 by ,gu]c9o 7,ca!dral1 ,c5to71 is cit$ by ,goe! z an in/ance ( t excell5ce 9 ! expression ( ! natural & dome/ic affections :i* *>act]iz$ ! pa9t]4 ,m>y kneels be=e h] ,son1 look+ up 9 8 face ) unutt]able affection2 he reg>ds h] ) a calm1 sad look1 z if )9 8 noble s\l !re /ill rema9$ ! recollection ( 8 suff]+s & h]s1 outliv+ ! pang ( dea?1 ! desc5t into ! grave1 & :i* ! resurrection _h n yet dispell$4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! s5tim5t1 at once affectionate & joy\sly triumphant1 ( ! old leg5d4 ,i 0 pleas$ ) a little picture 9 ! ,li*t5/e9 ,gall]y at ,vi5na1 :]e ! ris5 ,savi\r1 /&+ be=e 8 ,"m1 po9ts to ! page ( ! book be=e h]1 z if he said1 ,see y n t ?us x is writt58 7,luke xxiv4 #df47 ,beh9d ,jesus is ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ be>+ ! cup & ! cross1 z ! cup ( sorr[ & ! cross ( pa91 n ! m]e emblems4 ,!re is ano!r example1 by "o ( ! ,c>acci1 9 ! ,fitzwilliam ,collection at ,cambridge4 ,a picture by ,albano ( ?is subject1 9 :i* ,*ri/ comes fly+ or float+ on ! air1 l an incorporeal be+1 surr\nd$ by little flutt]+ *]ubim1 v mu* l ,cupids1 is an example ( all t is mo/ false & objectionable 9 feel+ & treatm5t4 7,flor5ce1 ,pitti ,pal47 ,! popul>ity ( ?is sc5e 9 ! ,bologna s*ool ( art arose1 ,i ?9k1 f its be+ adopt$ z "o ( ! subjects f ! ,ros>y1 ! fir/ ( ! five ,glori\s ,my/]ies2 !re=e especially affect$ by ! ,dom9icans1 ! great patrons ( ! ,c>acci at t "t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,asc5sion1 ?\gh "o ( ! ,glori\s ,my/]ies1 0 also acc\nt$ z ! sev5? & la/ ( ! sorr[s ( ! ,virg91 = %e 0 !n left alone on e>?4 ,all ! old leg5ds repres5t h] z pres5t on ?is occasion1 & say+1 z %e foll[$ ) uplift$ eyes ! so>+ figure ( ,*ri/1 ,my ,son1 rememb] me :5 ?\ come/ to ?y k+dom6 ,leave me n long aft] !e1 my ,son6 ,9 ,giotto's composition 9 ! *apel ( ! ,ar5a1 at ,padua1 %e is by f> ! mo/ prom95t figure4 ,9 almo/ all ! late pictures ( ! ,asc5sion1 %e is introduc$ ) ! o!r ,m>ys1 kneel+ on "o side1 or plac$ 9 ! c5tre among ! apo/les4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,,desc5t ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,gho/ is a /rictly scriptural subject4 ,i h he>d x said t ! introduction ( ,m>y is n au?oriz$ by ! scripture n>rative4 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 h[ev] t1 )\t any wr++ ( ! text = an especial purpose1 ! passage might be s int]pret$4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,acts 7v]4 #ad71 aft] enum]at+ ! apo/les by "n1 x is add$1 ,^! all cont9u$ ) "o accord 9 pray] & supplication1 ) ! wom5 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,jesus1 & ) 8 bre?r54 ,& 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ! second *apt] ! n>rative ?us proce$s3 ,& :5 ! day ( ,p5teco/ 0 fully come1 !y 7 all ) "o accord 9 "o place4 ,! ^w all is1 9 ! ,concordance1 ref]r$ to ! previ\s text 7v]4 #ad71 z includ+ ,m>y & ! wom53 ?us !y :o 7 con/ant 9 _! love 7 n refus$ a p>ticipation 9 ! gifts ( ! ,_s4 ,m>y1 9 h] "* ( ! div9e ,"m ( ,wisdom1 or ev5 ,wisdom h]self1#a did n1 p]haps1 ne$ any accession ( intellectual light2 b we mu/ rememb] t ! ,holy ,_s 0 ! ,com=t]1 z well z ! ,giv] ( wisdom2 !re=e1 equally ne$$ by ^?1 :e!r m5 or wom51 :o 7 all equally call$ ^u to c>ry out ! m9i/ry ( ,*ri/ 9 love & s]vice1 9 do+ & 9 suff]+4 ,footnote #a3 ,! sublime eulogium ( ,wisdom 7,prov4 viii4 #bb71 is1 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 appli$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ! apo/les ,i h already describ$ at l5g? ! v>i\s treatm5t & mo/ celebrat$ examples ( ?is subject1 & %all only make "o or two obs]vations ) especial ref]5ce to ! figure ( ! ,virg94 ,x 0 9 accordance ) ! feel+s & convictions preval5t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 t if ,m>y 7 admitt$ to be pres5t1 %e w\ld take ! pr9cipal place1 z ,que5 & ,"m ( ! ,apo/les 7,reg9a et ,mat] ,apo/olorum74 ,%e is1 !re=e1 usually plac$ ei!r 9 front1 or 9 ! c5tre on a rais$ seat or dais2 & (t5 hold+ a book 7z ! ,mat] ,sapi5ti72 & %e receives ! div9e affusion ei!r ) veil$ lids & meek rejoic+2 or ) uplift$ eyes1 z "o inspir$1 %e p\rs =? ! hymn1 ,v5i1 ,sancte ,spiritus4 ,i agree ) ! critics t1 z ! ,_s desc5d$ 9 =m ( clov5 tongues ( fire1 ! emblem ( ! ,dove1 almo/ always introduc$1 is "h sup]flu\s1 &1 inde$1 out ( place4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i mu/ m5tion "h ano!r subject altoge!r apocryphal1 & conf9$ to ! late ,spani% & ,italian s*ools3 ,! ,virg9 receives ! sacram5tal waf] f ! h& ( ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/4 ,?is is frequ5tly misund]/ood1 & /yl$ ! ,communion ( ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,b ! long hair & uncov]$ head ( ! ,magdal5e1 & ! episcopal robe ( ,/4 ,maxim91 are 9 g5]al di/+ui%able f ! veil$ matronly head ( ! ,virg9 ,"m1 & ! deacon's ve/ ( ,/4 ,john4 ,!re is also a leg5d t ,m>y receiv$ baptism f ,/4 ,pet]2 b ?is is a subject ,i h nev] met ) 9 art1 anci5t or mod]n4 ,x may possibly exi/4 ,i am n acqua9t$ ) any repres5tations tak5 f ! soj\rn on e>? ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 f ?is "t to ! p]iod ( h] dea?1 ! date ( :i* is unc]ta94 ,x is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally suppos$ to h tak5 place 9 ! =ty-eigh? ye> ( our era1 & ab\t elev5 ye>s aft] ! ,crucifixion1 !re=e 9 h] sixtie? ye>4 ,!re is no di/9ct record1 ei!r hi/orical or leg5d>y1 z to ! mann] 9 :i* %e pass$ ^! ye>s4 ,!re are1 inde$1 float+ traditions allud$ to by ! e>ly !ological writ]s1 t :5 ! fir/ p]secution broke out at ,j]usalem1 ,m>y accompani$ ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ to ,ephesus1 & 0 att5d$ ?i!r by ! fai?ful & affectionate ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,also t %e dwelt = "s "t on ,m\nt ,c>mel1 9 an oratory erect$ !re by ! prophet ,elijah1 & h5ce became ! patroness ( ! ,c>melites1 "u ! title ( ,our ,lady ( ,m\nt ,c>mel 7,la ,madonna del ,c>m9e1 or del ,c>melo74 ,if !re exi/ any creations ( ! arti/s f\nd$ on ^! obscure traditions1 :i* is inde$ mo/ probable1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! edifices ( ! ,c>melites 9 ,spa91 ,i h n met ) !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is relat$ t be=e ! apo/les sep>at$ to obey ! comm& ( _! div9e ,ma/]1 & prea* ! gospel to all ! nations ( ! e>?1 !y took a solemn leave ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 & receiv$ h] bless+4 ,?is subject has be5 repres5t$1 ?\gh n by any di/+ui%$ arti/4 ,i rememb] su* a picture1 app>5tly ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,m>ia-9-,capitolio at ,cologne1 & ano!r1 by ,bissoni1 9 ! ,san ,giu/9a at ,padua4 7,sacr$ & ,leg5d>y ,art47 ,,! ,,dea? ,,& ,,assumption ,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,lat4 ,dormitio1 ,pausatio1 ,transitus1 ,assumptio1 ,b4 ,virg9is4 ,ital4 ,il ,transito di ,m>ia4 ,il ,sonno della ,beata ,v]g9e4 ,l' ,assunzione4 ,fr4 ,la ,mort de la ,vi]ge4 ,l',assomption4 ,g]4 ,das ,ab/]b5 d] ,m>ia4 ,m>ia ,himmelfahrt4 ,augu/1 #ac1 #ae4 ,we approa* ! clos+ sc5es4 ,( all ! repres5tations consecrat$ to ! glory ( ! ,virg91 none h be5 m popul>1 m multipli$ ?r\gh e =m ( art1 & m admirably treat$1 ?an h] dea? & apo!osis4 ,! latt] 9 p>ticul>1 "u ! title ( ! ,assumption1 became ! visible expression ( a dogma ( fai? !n univ]sally receiv$--namely1 ! exaltation & deification ( ! ,virg9 9 ! body z well z 9 ! _s4 ,z su* x meets u at e turn 9 ! edifices d$icat$ to h]2 9 pa9t+ ov] ! alt>1 9 sculpture ov] ! portal1 or gleam+ ^u u 9 light f ! %9+ _m-col\r$ w9d[s4 ,sometimes ! two subjects are comb9$1 & ! dea?-sc5e 7,il transito di ,m>ia7 figur$ bel[1 is1 9 fact1 only ! transition to ! bless$ness & exaltation figur$ above4 ,b :e!r sep>ate or comb9$1 ! two sc5es1 9 !mselves mo/ beautiful & t\*+1--! extremes ( ! m\rnful & ! maje/ic1 ! dramatic & ! ideal1--(f]$ to ! m$ieval arti/s su* a bread? ( space = ! exhibition ( feel+ & fancy z no o!r subject af=d$4 ,consequ5tly1 among ! examples h&$ d[n to u1 are to be f\nd "s ( ! mo/ curi\s & important relics ( ! e>ly s*ools1 :ile o!rs rank among ! gr&e/ productions ( ! be/ ages ( art4 ,= ! prop] und]/&+ ( ^!1 x is necess>y to give ! old apocryphal leg5d at "s l5g?2 =1 al?\gh ! v curi\s & extravagant details ( ?is leg5d 7 n au?oriz$ by ! ,*ur* z matt]s ( fact or fai?1 x is cle> t ! arti/s 7 p]mitt$ !nce to d]ive _! mat]ials & _! imag]y4 ,9 :at mann] !y avail$ !mselves ( ?is p]mission1 & h[ f> ! wildly poetical circum/ances ) :i* ! old tradition 0 gradually inve/$1 7 all[$ to ent] into ! =ms ( art1 we %all aft]w>ds consid]4 ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,dea? ,,& ,,assumption ,,( ,,! ,,mo/ ,,glori\s ,,virg9 ,,m>y4 ,m>y dwelt 9 ! h\se ( ,john ^u ,m\nt ,sion look+ = ! fulfilm5t ( ! promise ( deliv]ance1 & %e sp5t h] days 9 visit+ ^? places :i* _h be5 hall[$ by ! baptism1 ! suff]+s1 ! burial & resurrection ( h] div9e ,son1 b m p>ticul>ly ! tomb :]e9 he 0 laid4 ,& %e did n ?is z seek+ ! liv+ among ! dead1 b = consolation & = remembrance4 ,& on a c]ta9 day2 ! he>t ( ! ,virg91 be+ fill$ ) an inexpressible long+ to behold h] ,son1 melt$ away )9 h]1 & %e wept abundantly4 ,& lo6 an angel appe>$ be=e h] clo!d 9 light z ) a g>m5t4 ,& he salut$ h]1 & said1 ,hail1 ,o ,m>y6 bless$ by him :o ha? giv5 salvation to ,israel ,i br+ !e "h a bran* ( palm ga!r$ 9 ,p>adise2 comm& t x be c>ri$ be=e ?y bi] 9 ! day ( ?y dea?2 = 9 ?ree days !y s\l %all leave ?y body1 & ?\gh %alt ent] into ,p>adise1 :]e ?y ,son awaits ?y com+4 ,m>y1 answ]+1 said1 ,if ,i h f\nd grace 9 ?y eyes1 tell me fir/ :at is ?y "n2 & grant t ! apo/les my bre?r5 may be reunit$ to me be=e ,i die1 t 9 _! pres5ce ,i may give up my s\l to ,god4 ,also1 ,i pray !e1 t my s\l1 :5 deliv]$ f my body1 may n be affright$ by any _s ( d>kness1 nor any evil angel be all[$ to h any p[] ov] me4 ,& ! angel said1 ,:y do/ ?\ ask my "n8 ,my "n is ! ,great & ! ,wond]ful4 ,& n[ d\bt n t all ! apo/les %all be reunit$1 to !e ?is day2 = he :o 9 =m] times transport$ ! prophet ,habakkuk f ,judea to ,j]usalem by ! hair ( 8 head1 c z easily br+ hi!r ! apo/les4 ,& fe> ?\ n ! evil _s1 = ha/ ?\ n bruis$ 8 head & de/roy$ 8 k+dom8 ,& hav+ said ^! words1 ! angel dep>t$ into heav52 & ! palm bran* :i* he _h left beh9d him %$ light f e leaf1 & sp>kl$ z ! />s ( ! morn+4 ,!n ,m>y light$1 ! lamps & prep>$ h] b$1 & wait$ until ! h\r 0 come4 ,& 9 ! same in/ant ,john1 :o 0 prea*+ at ,ephesus1 & ,pet]1 :o 0 prea*+ at ,antio*1 & all ! o!r apo/les :o 7 disp]s$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 7 sudd5ly caught up z by a miracul\s p[]1 & f\nd !mselves be=e ! door ( ! habitation ( ,m>y4 ,:5 ,m>y saw !m all assembl$ r\nd h]1 %e bless$ & ?ank$ ! ,"l1 & %e plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ,/4 ,john ! %9+ palm1 & desir$ t he %\ld be> x be=e h] at ! "t ( h] burial4 ,!n ,m>y1 kneel+ d[n1 made h] pray] to ! ,"l h] ,son1 & ! o!rs pray$ ) h]2 !n %e laid h]self d[n 9 h] b$ & compos$ h]self = dea?4 ,& ,john wept bitt]ly4 ,& ab\t ! ?ird h\r ( ! night1 z ,pet] /ood at ! head ( ! b$ & ,john at ! foot1 & ! o!r apo/les ar\nd1 a mighty s\nd fill$ ! h\se1 & a delici\s p]fume fill$ ! *amb]4 ,& ,jesus himself appe>$ accompani$ by an innum]able company ( angels1 patri>*s1 & prophets2 all ^! surr\nd$ ! b$ ( ! ,virg91 s++ hymns ( joy4 ,& ,jesus said to 8 ,"m1 ,arise1 my belov$1 m9e elect6 come ) me f ,lebanon1 my esp\s$6 receive ! cr[n t is de/9$ = !e6 ,& ,m>y1 answ]+1 said1 ,my he>t is ready2 = x 0 writt5 ( me t ,i %\ld d ?y w6 ,!n all ! angels & bless$ spirits :o accompani$ ,jesus began to s+ & rejoice4 ,& ! s\l ( ,m>y left h] body1 & 0 receiv$ into ! arms ( h] ,son2 & toge!r !y asc5d$ into heav54#a ,& ! apo/les look$ up1 say+1 ,oh mo/ prud5t ,virg91 rememb] u :5 ?\ come/ to glory6 & ! angels1 :o receiv$ h] into heav51 sung ^! words1 ,:o is ?is t come? up f ! wild]ness lean+ ^u h] ,belov$8 %e is fair] ?an all ! daught]s ( ,j]usalem4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! lat] ,fr5* leg5d1 x is ! angel ,mi*ael :o takes *>ge ( ! dep>t+ s\l4 ,ecce ,dom9us v5it cum multitud9e angelorum2 et ,jsus ,*ri/ v9t en gr&e compaignie d'anges2 entre lesquels e/oit ,sa9ct ,mi*el1 et qu& la ,vi]ge ,m>ie le veit elle dit1 ',b5oi/ soit ,jsus ,*ri/ c> il ne m'a pas oublie4' ,qu& elle eut ce dit elle r5dit l'esprit1 lequel ,sa9ct ,mi*el pr9t4 ,b ! body ( ,m>y rema9$ ^u ! e>?2 & ?ree among ! virg9s prep>$ to wa% & clo! x 9 a %r\d2 b su* a glory ( light surr\nd$ h] =m1 t ?\gh !y t\*$ x !y c\ld n see x1 & no human eye beheld ^? *a/e & sacr$ limbs unclo!d4 ,!n ! apo/les took h] up rev]5tly & plac$ h] ^u a bi]1 & ,john1 c>ry+ ! cele/ial palm1 w5t be=e4 ,pet] sung ! #aad? ,psalm1 ,9 exitu ,israel de ,egypto1 domus ,jacob de populo b>b>o1 & ! angels foll[$ aft]1 also s++4 ,! wick$ ,jews1 he>+ ^! melodi\s voices1 ran toge!r2 & ! high-prie/1 be+ seiz$ ) fury1 laid 8 h&s ^u ! bi] int5d+ to ov]turn x on ! e>?2 b bo? 8 arms 7 sudd5ly dri$ up1 s t he c\ld n move !m1 & he 0 ov]come ) fe>2 & he pray$ to ,/4 ,pet] = help1 & ,pet] said1 ,h fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & 8 ,"m1 & ?on %alt be heal$2 & x 0 s4 ,!n !y w5t on & laid ! ,virg9 9 a tomb 9 ! ,valley ( ,jeho%aphat4#a ,footnote #a3 ,or ,ge?semane4 ,i mu/ obs]ve "h1 t 9 ! g5u9e ori5tal leg5d1 x is ,mi*ael ! ,ar*angel :o hews (f ! h&s ( ! audaci\s ,jew1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds1 at ! int]cession ( ,/4 ,pet]1 reunit$ to 8 body4 ,& on ! ?ird day1 ,jesus said to ! angels1 ,:at hon\r %all ,i conf] on h] :o 0 my "m on e>?1 & br\ght me =?8 ,& !y answ]$1 ,"l1 suff] n t body :i* 0 ?y temple & ?y dwell+ to see corruption2 b place h] beside !e on ?y ?rone 9 heav54 ,& ,jesus cons5t$2 & ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael br\ght unto ! ,"l1 ! glori\s s\l ( our ,lady4 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,rise up1 my dove1 my undefil$1 = ?\ %alt n rema9 9 ! d>kness ( ! grave1 nor %all ?\ see corruption2 & imm$iately ! s\l ( ,m>y rejo9$ h] body1 & %e arose up glori\s f ! tomb1 & asc5d$ into heav5 surr\nd$ & welcom$ by troops ( angels1 bl[+ _! silv] trumpets1 t\*+ _! gold5 lutes1 s++1 & rejoic+ z !y sung1 ,:o is %e t rise? z ! morn+1 fair z ! moon1 cle> z ! sun1 & t]rible z an army ) bann]s8 7,cant4 vi4 #aj47 ,b "o among ! apo/les 0 abs5t2 & :5 he arriv$ soon aft]1 he w\ld n believe 9 ! resurrection ( ! ,virg92 & ?is apo/le 0 ! same ,?omas1 :o _h =m]ly be5 sl[ to believe 9 ! resurrection ( ! ,"l2 & he desir$ t ! tomb %\ld be op5$ be=e him2 & :5 x 0 op5$ x 0 f\nd to be full ( lilies & roses4 ,!n ,?omas1 look+ up to heav51 beheld ! ,virg9 bodily1 9 a glory ( light1 sl[ly m\nt+ t[>ds ! heav52 & %e1 = ! assurance ( 8 fai?1 flung d[n to him h] girdle1 ! same :i* is to ?is day pres]v$ 9 ! ca!dral ( ,prato4 ,& !re 7 pres5t at ! dea? ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 besides ! twelve apo/les1 ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 ,timo!us1 & ,hi]o!us2 & ( ! wom51 ,m>y ,salome1 ,m>y ,cleophas1#a & a fai?ful h&maid ^: "n 0 ,savia4 ,footnote #a3 ,accord+ to ! ,fr5* leg5d1 ,m>y ,magdal5e & h] si/] ,m>?a 7 also pres5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is leg5d ( ! ,dea? & ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 has af=d$ to ! arti/s sev5 di/9ct sc5es4 #a4 ,! ,angel1 be>+ ! palm1 ann\nces to ,m>y h] approa*+ dea?4 ,! ann\nc+ angel is usually suppos$ to be ,gabriel1 b x is prop]ly ,mi*ael1 ! angel ( dea?4 #b4 ,%e takes leave ( ! ,apo/les4 #c4 ,h] ,dea?4 #d4 ,%e is borne to ! ,sepul*re4 #e4 ,h] ,entombm5t4 #f4 ,h] ,assumption1 :]e %e rises triumphant & glori\s1 l unto ! morn+ 7quasi aurora consurg5s74 #g4 ,h] ,coronation 9 heav51 :]e %e takes h] place beside h] ,son4 ,9 e>ly art1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,go?ic sculpture1 two or m ( ^! subjects are g5]ally gr\p$ toge!r4 ,sometimes we h ! dea?-sc5e & ! entombm5t on a l9e bel[1 &1 above ^!1 ! coronation or ! assumption1 z ov] ! portal ( ,notre ,dame at ,p>is1 & 9 _m o!r in/ances2 or we h fir/ h] dea?1 above ?is1 h] assumption1 &1 above all1 h] coronation2 z ov] ! portal at ,ami5s & else:]e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i %all n[ take ^! subjects 9 _! ord]4 ,! angel ann\nc+ to ,m>y h] approa*+ dea? has be5 r>ely treat$4 ,9 g5]al1 ,m>y is seat$ or /&+1 & ! angel kneels be=e h]1 be>+ ! />ry palm br\ght f ,p>adise4 ,9 ! frescoes at ,orvieto1 & 9 ! bas-relief ( ,oreagna1#a ! angel comes fly+ d[nw>ds ) ! palm4 ,9 a pr$ella by ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1 ! angel kneels1 rev]5tly pres5t+ a tap]1 :i* ! ,virg9 receives ) maje/ic grace2 ,/4 ,pet] /&s beh9d4 ,x 0 ! cu/om to place a tap] 9 ! h& ( a dy+ p]son2 & z ! palm is also giv5 sometimes to ! angel ( ! inc>nation1 :ile ! tap] c h b "o mean+1 ! significance ( ! sc5e is "h fix$ beyond ! possibility ( mi/ake1 ?\gh !re is a dep>ture f ! lit]al details ( ! old leg5d4 ,!re is 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y a curi\s ,g]man example ( ?is subject by ,hans ,s*auffele94 ,footnote #a3 ,on ! beautiful %r9e 9 ,or-,san-,mi*ele1 at ,flor5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! dea? ( ! ,virg9 is /yl$ 9 ,byzant9e & old ,italian art ! ,sleep ( ! ,virg91 ,il ,sonno della ,madonna2 = x 0 an old sup]/ition1 subsequ5tly reject$ z h]etical1 t %e did n really die aft] ! mann] ( common mortals1 only fell asleep till h] resurrection4 ,!re=e1 p]haps1 x is1 t 9 ! e>ly pictures we h be=e u1 n s mu* a sc5e or action1 z a sort ( my/]i\s rite2 x is n ! ,virg9 dead or dy+ 9 h] b$2 %e only slumb]s 9 prep>ation = h] entombm5t2 :ile 9 ! lat] pictures1 we h a dea?-b$ sc5e ) all ! usual dramatic & pa!tic accessories4 ,9 "o s5se or ! o!r1 ! !me has be5 con/antly treat$1 f ! e>lie/ ages ( ! revival ( art d[n to ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,9 ! mo/ anci5t examples :i* are d]iv$ f ! ,greek s*ool1 x is always repres5t$ ) a my/ical & solemn simplicity1 adh]+ closely to ! old leg5d1 & to ! =mula laid d[n 9 ! ,greek ,manual4 ,!re is su* a picture 9 ! ,wall]/e9 ,collection at ,k5s+ton ,palace4 ,! c\* or bi] is 9 ! c5tre ( ! picture1 & ,m>y lies ^u x wrapp$ 9 a veil & mantle ) clos$ eyes & h&s cross$ ov] h] bosom4 ,! twelve apo/les /& r\nd 9 attitudes ( grief angels att5d be>+ tap]s4 ,beh9d ! ext5d$ =m ( ! ,virg9 is ! figure ( ,*ri/2 a glori\s r$ s]aph ) exp&$ w+s hov]s above 8 head4 ,he holds 9 8 arms ! s\l ( ! ,virg9 9 lik5ess ( a new-born *ild4 ,on ea* side /& ,/4 ,dionysius ! ,areopagite1 & ,/4 ,timo?y1 ,bi%op ( ,ephesas1 9 episcopal robes4 ,9 front1 ! ar*angel ,mi*ael b5ds =w>d to /rike (f ! h&s ( ! high-prie/ ,adonijah1 :o _h attempt$ to pr(ane ! bi]4 7,?is la/ circum/ance is r>ely express$1 except 9 ! ,byzant9e pictures2 = 9 ! ,italian leg5d1 ! h&s ( ! intrud] )] & adh]e to ! b$ or %r9e47 ,9 ! picture j describ$2 all is at once simple1 & =mal1 & solemn1 & sup]natural2 x is a v p]fect example 9 its way ( ! g5u9e ,byzant9e treatm5t4 ,!re is a simil> picture 9 ! ,*ri/ian museum ( ! ,vatican4 ,ano!r 7! date ab\t ! fir/ half ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 z ,i ?9k7 is curi\s f ! introduction ( ! wom54#a ,! ,virg9 lies on an embroid]$ %eet held rev]5tly by angels2 at ! feet & at ! head o!r angels be> tap]s2 ,*ri/ receives ! dep>t+ s\l1 :i* /ret*es out its arms2 ,/4 ,john kneels 9 front1 & ,/4 ,pet] reads ! s]vice2 ! o!r apo/les are beh9d him1 & !re are ?ree wom54 ,! execution ( ?is curi\s picture is extremely rude1 b ! heads v f9e4 ,cimabue pa9t$ ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg9 at ,assisi4 ,!re is a beautiful example by ,giotto1 :]e two lovely angels /& at ! head & two at ! feet1 su/a9+ ! pall on :i* %e lies2 ano!r mo/ exquisite by ,angelico 9 ! ,flor5ce ,gall]y2 ano!r mo/ beautiful & pa!tic by ,taddeo ,b>toli 9 ! ,palazzo ,publico at ,si5a4 ,footnote #a3 ,at pres5t 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,bromley1 ( ,woott54 ,! cu/om ( repres5t+ ,*ri/ z /&+ by ! c\* or tomb ( 8 "m1 9 ! act ( receiv+ h] s\l1 cont9u$ d[n to ! fifte5? c5tury1 at lea/ ) slight deviations f ! orig9al conception4 ,! lat] treatm5t is q diff]5t4 ,! solemn my/]i\s sleep1 ! transition f "o life to ano!r1 became a famili> dea?-b$ sc5e ) ! usual mov+ accompanim5ts4 ,b ev5 :ile avoid+ ! sup]natural incid5ts1 ! ,italians gave to ! repres5tation mu* ideal elegance2 = in/ance1 9 ! beautiful fresco by ,ghirl&ajo4 7,flor5ce1 ,s4 ,m>ia-,novella47 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! old ,g]man s*ool we h t homely matt]-(-fact feel+1 & dramatic expression1 & defiance ( all *ronological propriety1 :i* belong$ to ! "t & s*ool4 ,! composition by ,alb]t ,dur]1 9 8 s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 has great beauty & simplicity ( expression1 & 9 ! arrangem5t a degree ( gr&eur & repose :i* has caus$ x to be (t5 copi$ & reproduc$ z a picture1 ?\gh ! orig9al =m is m]ely t ( a wood-cut4#a ,9 ! c5tre is a b$/ead ) a canopy1 on :i* ,m>y lies front+ ! spectator1 h] eyes half clos$4 ,on ! left ( ! b$ /&s ,/4 ,pet]1 habit$ z a bi%op3 he places a tap] 9 h] dy+ h&2 ano!r apo/le holds ! asp]ge ) :i* to spr9kle h] ) holy wat]3 ano!r reads ! s]vice4 ,9 ! =egr\nd is a prie/ be>+ a cross1 & ano!r ) inc5se2 & on ! "r1 ! o!r apo/les 9 attitudes ( devotion & grief4 ,footnote #a3 ,!re is "o su* copy 9 ! ,su!rl& ,gall]y2 & ano!r 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y1 ,cab9et viii4 #afa4 ,ano!r picture by ,alb]t ,dur]1 once 9 ! ,fries ,gall]y1 at ,vi5na1 unites1 9 a mo/ rem>kable mann]1 all ! leg5d>y & sup]natural incid5ts ) ! mo/ int5se & homely reality4 ,x appe>s to h be5 pa9t$ = ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 z a tribute to ! memory ( 8 fir/ wife1 ! int]e/+ ,m>ia ( ,burgundy4 ,! disposition ( ! b$ is ! same z 9 ! wood-cut1 ! foot t[>ds ! spectator4 ,! face ( ! dy+ ,virg9 is t ( ! "y du*ess4 ,on ! "r1 h] son1 aft]w>ds ,philip ( ,spa91 & fa!r ( ,*>les ,v41 /&s z ! "y ,/4 ,john1 & pres5ts ! tap]2 ! o!r apo/les are se5 ar\nd1 mo/ ( !m pray+2 ,/4 ,pet]1 habit$ z bi%op1 reads f an op5 book 7?is is ! portrait ( ,george ,zlatkonia1 bi%op ( ,vi5na1 ! fri5d & c\nsellor ( ,maximilian72 beh9d him1 z "o ( ! apo/les1 ,maximilian himself1 ) head b[$ d[n1 z 9 sorr[4 ,?ree ecclesia/ics are se5 ent]+ by an op5 door1 be>+ ! cross1 ! c5s]1 & ! holy wat]4 ,ov] ! b$ is se5 ! figure ( ,*ri/2 9 8 arms1 ! s\l ( ! ,virg91 9 lik5ess ( an infant ) clasp$ h&s2 & above all1 9 an op5 glory & l a vision1 h] reception & coronation 9 heav54 ,^u a scroll ov] h] head1 are ! words1 ,surge prop]a1 amica mea2 v5i de ,libano1 v5i coronab]is4 7,cant4 iv4 #h47 ,?ree among ! hov]+ angels be> scrolls1 on "o ( :i* is inscrib$ ! text f ! ,canticles1 ,qu e/ i/a qu progr$itur quasi aurora consurg5s1 pul*ra ut luna1 electa ut sol1 t]ribilis ut ca/rorum acies ord9ata8 7,cant4 vi4 #aj27 on ano!r1 ,qu e/ i/a qu asc5dit de des]to deliciis afflu5s sup] dilectum suum8 7,cant4 viii4 #e27 & on ! ?ird1 ,qu e/ i/a qu asc5dit sup] dilectum suum ut virgula fumi8 7,cant4 iii4 #f47 ,?is picture be>s ! date #aeah4 ,if x be true1 z is1 inde$1 mo/ app>5t1 t x 0 pa9t$ by ord] ( ,maximilian ne>ly =ty ye>s aft] ! loss ( ! "y wife he s t5d]ly lov$1 & only "o ye> be=e 8 own dea?1 !re is some?+ v t\*+ 9 x z a memorial4 ,! +5i\s & t5d] complim5t impli$ by mak+ ,m>y ( ,burgundy ! real object ( ^? my/ic texts consecrat$ to ! glory ( ! ,,mat] ,,dei1 v]ges1 p]haps1 on ! pr(ane2 b x 0 n s int5d$2 x 0 m]ely t comb9ation ( ! pi\s1 & ! poetical1 & ! s5tim5tal1 :i* 0 "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! "t1 9 lit]ature1 z well z 9 art4 7,hell]'s ,albre*t ,dr] p4 #bfa47 ,! picture by ,jan ,s*oreel1 "o ( ! great ornam5ts ( ! ,boiss]e ,gall]y1#a is rem>kable = its int5se reality & spl5d\r ( col\r4 ,! heads are full ( "*2 t ( ! ,virg9 9 p>ticul>1 :o seems1 ) half-clos$ eyes1 9 act to brea! away h] s\l 9 rapture4 ,! alt> ne> ! b$1 hav+ on x figures ( ,moses & ,a>on1 is1 h[ev]1 a s]i\s fault & incongruity 9 ?is f9e pa9t+4 ,footnote #a3 ,muni* 7#gj74 ,! admirable li?ograph by ,/rixn] is well kn[n4 ,i mu/ obs]ve t ,m>y is n always dead or dy+3 %e is sometimes prep>+ = dea?1 9 ! act ( pray] at ! foot ( h] c\*1 ) ! apo/les /&+ r\nd1 z 9 a v f9e picture by ,m>t9 ,s*affn]1 :]e %e kneels ) a lovely expression1 su/a9$ 9 ! arms ( ,/4 ,john1 :ile ,/4 ,pet] holds ! gospel op5 be=e h]4 7,muni* ,gal47 ,sometimes %e is sitt+ up 9 h] b$1 & read+ f ! ,book ( ! ,scripture1 :i* is always held by ,/4 ,pet]4 ,9 a picture by ,cola della ,matrice1 ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg9 is treat$ at once 9 a my/ical & dramatic /yle4 ,envelop$ 9 a d>k blue mantle spangl$ ) gold5 />s1 %e lies ext5d$ on a c\*2 ,/4 ,pet]1 9 a spl5did sc>let cope z bi%op1 reads ! s]vice2 ,/4 ,john1 hold+ ! palm1 weeps bitt]ly4 ,9 front1 & kneel+ be=e ! coa* or bi]1 appe> ! ?ree great ,dom9ican sa9ts z witnesses ( ! religi\s my/]y2 9 ! c5tre1 ,/4 ,dom9ick2 on ! left1 ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a2 & on ! "r1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,9 a comp>tm5t above is ! ,assumption4 7,rome1 ,capitol47 99 99 99 99 99 ,among ! lat] ,italian examples1 :]e ! old leg5d>y accessories are g5]ally omitt$1 !re are "s ( peculi> elegance4 ,"o by ,ludovico ,c>acci1 ano!r by ,dom5i*9o1 & a ?ird by ,c>lo ,m>atti1 are treat$1 if n ) mu* ( poetry or religi\s s5tim5t1 yet ) great dignity & pa?os4 ,i mu/ m5tion "o m1 because ( its hi/ory & celebrity3 ,c>avaggio1 ( :om x 0 said t he always pa9t$ l a ruffian1 because he 0 a ruffian1 0 also a g5ius 9 8 way1 & = a few mon?s he became ! fa%ion at ,rome1 & 0 ev5 patroniz$ by "s ( ! high] ecclesia/ics4 ,he pa9t$ = ! *ur* ( la ,scala 9 ,tra/ev]e a picture ( ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg91 wond]ful = ! int5se natural expression1 & 9 ! same degree grotesque f its impropriety4 ,m>y1 in/ead ( be+ dec5tly veil$1 lies ext5d$ ) long scatt]$ hair2 ! /rongly m>k$ features & l>ge proportions ( ! figure are ^? ( a woman ( ! ,tra/ev]e4#a ,! apo/les /& ar\nd2 "o or two ( !m--,i mu/ use ! ^w--blubb] al\d3 ,pet] ?ru/s 8 fi/s into 8 eyes to keep back ! te>s2 a woman seat$ 9 front cries & sobs2 no?+ c be m real1 nor m utt]ly vulg>4 ,! ecclesia/ics = :om ! picture 0 execut$ 7 s sc&aliz$1 t !y refus$ to hang x up 9 _! *ur*4 ,x 0 pur*as$ by ! ,duke ( ,mantua1 &1 ) ! re/ ( ! ,mantuan ,gall]y1 came aft]w>ds into ! possession ( our un=tunate ,*>les ,i4 ,on ! disp]sion ( 8 pictures1 x f\nd its way into ! ,l\vre1 :]e x n[ is4 ,x has be5 (t5 engrav$4 ,footnote #a3 ,! face has a swoll5 look1 & x 0 said t 8 model _h be5 a common woman ^: features 7 swell$ by intoxication4 7,l\vre1 #cb47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,apo/les ,,c>ry ,,! ,,body ,,( ,,! ,,virg9 ,,to ,,! ,,tomb4 ,?is is a v uncommon subject4 ,!re is a mo/ beautiful example by ,taddeo ,b>toli 7,si5a1 ,pal4 ,publico71 full ( pr(\nd religi\s feel+4 ,!re is a small engrav+ by ,bonasoni1 9 a s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 app>5tly aft] ,p>migiano1 9 :i* ! apo/les be> h] on _! %\ld]s ov] rocky gr\nd1 & appe> to be desc5d+ into ! ,valley ( ,jeho%aphat3 und]nea? are ^! l9es3-- ,portan gli uom9i santi 9 su le spalle ,al ,sepolcro il corpo di ,m>ia ,di ,josaphat nella famosa valle4 ,!re is ano!r picture ( ?is subject by ,ludovico ,c>acci1 at ,p>ma4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,entombm5t4 ,9 ! e>ly pictures1 !re is little di/9ction betwe5 ?is subject & ! ,dea? ( ! ,virg94 ,if ! figure ( ,*ri/ /& ov] ! recumb5t =m1 hold+ 9 8 arms ! emancipat$ s\l1 !n x is ! ,transito--! dea? or sleep2 b :5 a s>cophagus is 9 ! c5tre ( ! picture1 & ! body lies ext5d$ above x on a sort ( %eet or pall held by angels or apo/les1 x may be det]m9$ t x is ! ,entombm5t ( ! ,virg9 aft] h] dea?4 ,9 a small & v beautiful picture by ,angelico1 we h di/9ctly ?is repres5tation4#a ,%e lies1 l "o asleep1 on a :ite pall1 held rev]5tly by ! m\rn]s4 ,!y prep>e to lay h] 9 a m>ble s>cophagus4 ,/4 ,john1 be>+ ! />ry palm1 appe>s to address a man 9 a doctor's cap & g[n1 evid5tly int5d$ = ,dionysius ! ,areopagite4 ,above1 9 ! sky1 ! s\l ( ! ,virg91 surr\nd$ by mo/ graceful angels1 is receiv$ into heav54 ,?is gr\p is di/+ui%$ f ! gr\p bel[1 by be+ pa9t$ 9 a dreamy blui% t9t1 l solidifi$ light1 or l a vision4 ,footnote #a3 ,?is picture1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,w4 ,full] ,maitl&1 ,esq41 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,briti% ,in/itution 9 ! summ] ( #aheb4 ,x is engrav$ 9 ! ,etruria ,pittrice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,assumption4 ,! old pa9t]s di/+ui% betwe5 ! ,assumption ( ! s\l & ! ,assumption ( ! body ( ! ,virg94 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance1 at ! mom5t ! s\l is sep>at$ f ! body1 ,*ri/ receives x into 8 keep+1 /&+ 9 p]son ei!r beside h] dea?-b$ or above x4 ,b 9 ! ,assumption prop]ly s call$1 we h ! mom5t :]e9 ! s\l ( ! ,virg9 is reunit$ to h] body1 :i*1 at ! comm& ( ,*ri/1 rises up f ! tomb4 ,( all ! !mes ( sacr$ art !re is n "o m complete & beautiful ?an ?is1 9 :at x repres5ts1 & 9 :at x sugge/s4 ,e>? & its sorr[s1 dea? & ! grave1 are left bel[2 & ! pure _s ( ! ,"m aga9 clo!d 9 its unspott$ tab]nacle1 surr\nd$ by angelic h>monies1 & su/a9$ by w+s ( *]ubim & s]aphim1 so>s upw>ds to meet h] ,son1 & to be reunit$ to him =ev]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ consid] ?is f9e subject "u two aspects4 ,! fir/ is purely ideal & devotional2 x is simply ! expression ( a dogma ( fai?1 ,assumpta e/ ,m>ia ,virgo 9 ,coelum4 ,! figure ( ! ,virg9 is se5 )9 an almond-%ap$ aureole 7! m&orla71 n unfrequ5tly cr[n$ z well z veil$1 h] h&s jo9$1 h] :ite robe fall+ r\nd h] feet 7= 9 all ! e>ly pictures ! dress ( ! ,virg9 is :ite1 (t5 spangl$ ) />s71 & ?us %e seems to cleave ! air upw>ds1 :ile ador+ angels surr\nd ! glory ( light )9 :i* %e is en%r9$4 ,su* are ! figures :i* are plac$ 9 sculpture ov] ! portals ( ! *ur*es d$icat$ to h]1 z at ,flor5ce4#a ,%e is n always /&+ & upright1 b seat$ on a ?rone1 plac$ )9 an aureole ( light1 & borne by angels1 z ov] ! door ( ! ,campo ,santo at ,pisa4 ,i am n sure t su* figures are prop]ly /yl$ ! ,assumption2 !y r exhibit 9 an ideal =m ! glorification ( ! ,virg91 ano!r v]sion ( ! same idea express$ 9 ! ,incoronata4 ,%e is "h ,v>ia ,virgo ,assumpta1 or1 9 ,italian1 ,l',assunta2 %e has tak5 ^u h] ! glory ( immortality1 ?\gh n yet cr[n$4 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,santa ,m>ia del ,fiore1--! ,duomo4 ,b :5 ! ,assumption is pres5t$ to u z ! f9al sc5e ( h] life1 & expresses1 z x 71 a progressive action--:5 %e has left ! empty tomb1 & ! wond]+1 weep+ apo/les on ! e>? bel[1 & rises l ! morn+ 7quasi aurora surg5s7 f ! night ( ! grave1--!n we h ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 9 its dramatic & hi/orical =m1 ! f9al act & consummation ( h] visible & e>?ly life4 ,z ! ,*ur* _h nev] settl$ 9 :at mann] %e 0 translat$ into heav51 only pron\nc+ x h]esy to d\bt ! fact itself1 ! field 0 9 great measure left op5 to ! arti/s4 ,! tomb bel[1 ! figure ( ! ,virg9 float+ 9 mid-air1 & ! op5+ heav5s above1 su* is ! g5]al conception fix$ by ! traditions ( art2 b to give "s idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ?is has be5 v>i$1 ,i %all describe a few examples4 #a4 ,giunta ,pisano1 #abcj4 7,assisi1 ,s4 ,franceso47 ,*ri/ & ! ,virg9 asc5d toge!r 9 a seat$ attitude upborne by cl\ds & surr\nd$ by angels2 8 arm is r\nd h]4 ,! empty tomb1 ) ! apo/les & o!rs1 bel[4 ,! idea is "h tak5 f ! ,canticles 7*4 viii471 ,:o is ?is t arise? f ! wild]ness lean+ ^u h] belov$8 #b4 ,&rea ,orcagna1 #acei4 7,bas-relief1 ,or-,san-,mi*ele1 ,flor5ce47 ,! ,virg9 ,m>y is seat$ on a ri* ?rone )9 ! ,m&orla1 :i* is borne upw>ds by f\r angels1 :ile two are play+ on musical in/rum5ts4 ,imm$iately bel[ ! ,virg91 on ! "r1 is ! figure ( ,/4 ,?omas1 ) h&s out/ret*$1 receiv+ ! my/ic girdle3 bel[ is ! entombm5t2 ,m>y lies ext5d$ on a pall above a s>cophagus4 ,9 ! c5tre /&s ,*ri/1 hold+ 9 8 arms ! emancipat$ s\l2 he is att5d$ by eight angels4 ,/4 ,john is at ! head ( ! ,virg91 & ne> him an angel sw+s a c5s]2 ,/4 ,james b5ds & kisses h] h&2 ,/4 ,pet] reads z usual2 & ! o!r apo/les /& r\nd1 ) ,dionysius1 ,timo?y1 & ,hi]o!us1 di/+ui%$ f ! apo/les by we>+ turbans & caps4 ,! :ole mo/ beautifully treat$4 ,i h be5 m9utely exact 9 describ+ ! details ( ?is composition1 because x w be useful z a key to _m o!rs ( ! e>ly ,tuscan s*ool1 bo? 9 sculpture & pa9t+2 = example1 ! f9e bas-relief by ,nanni ov] ! s\? door ( ! ,duomo at ,flor5ce1 repres5ts ,/4 ,?omas 9 ! same mann] kneel+ outside ! aureole & receiv+ ! girdle2 b ! entombm5t bel[ is omitt$4 ,^! sculptures 7 execut$ at ! "t :5 ! en?usiasm = ! ,sacratissima ,c9tola della ,madonna prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ,tuscany1 & ,prato _h become a place ( pilgrimage4 ,?is /ory ( ! ,girdle 0 "o ( ! leg5ds import$ f ! ,ea/4 ,x _h c]ta9ly a ,greek orig92#a &1 accord+ to ! ,greek =mula1 ,/4 ,?omas is to be figur$ ap>t 9 ! cl\ds1 on ! "r ( ! ,virg91 & 9 ! act ( receiv+ ! girdle4 ,su* is ! approv$ arrangem5t till ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 aft]w>ds we f9d ,/4 ,?omas plac$ bel[ among ! o!r apo/les4 ,footnote #a3 ,x may be f\nd 9 ! ,greek ,m5ologium1 iii4 p4 #bbe ,,! ,,leg5d ,,( ,,! ,,holy ,,girdle4 ,an acc\nt ( ! ,assumption w\ld be imp]fect )\t "s notice ( ! we/]n leg5d1 :i* relates ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! ,girdle1 & its arrival 9 ,italy1 z repres5t$ 9 ! frescoes ( ,agnolo ,gaddi at ,prato4#a ,footnote #a3 ,notizie i/ori*e intorno alla ,sacratissima ,c9tola di ,m>ia ,v]g9e1 *e si cons]va1 nella ,citt di ,prato1 dal ,dottore ,giuseppe ,bian*9i di ,prato1 #agie4 ,! *apel della ,sacratissima ,c9tola 0 erect$ f ! designs ( ,giovanni ,pisano ab\t #acbj4 ,?is mo/ sacr$ relic _h long be5 deposit$ "u ! high alt> ( ! pr9cipal *apel1 & held 9 great v5]ation2 b 9 ! ye> #acab1 a native ( ,prato1 ^: "n 0 ,musciat9o1 conceiv$ ! idea ( c>ry+ x (f1 & sell+ x 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! attempt 0 discov]$2 ! unhappy ?ief suff]$ a cruel dea?2 & ! p ( ,prato resolv$ to provide = ! future cu/ody ( ! preci\s relic a new & inviolable %r9e4 ,! *apel is 9 ! =m ( a p>allelogram1 ?ree sides ( :i* are pa9t$1 ! o!r be+ sep>at$ f ! *oir by a bronze gate ( mo/ exquisite workman%ip1 design$ by ,ghib]ti1 or1 z o!rs say1 by ,brunelles*i1 & execut$ p>tly by ,simone ,donatello4 ,on ! wall1 to ! left z we ent]1 is a s]ies ( subjects f ! ,life ( ! ,virg91 beg9n+1 z usual1 ) ! ,rejection ( ,joa*im f ! temple1 & end+ ) ! ,nativity ( our ,savi\r4 ,! end ( ! *apel is fill$ up by ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg91 ! tomb be+ se5 bel[1 surr\nd$ by ! apo/les2 & above x ! ,virg91 z %e floats into heav51 is 9 ! act ( loos5+ h] girdle1 :i* ,/4 ,?omas1 dev\tly kneel+1 /ret*es out 8 arms to receive4 ,above ?is1 a circul> w9d[ exhibits1 9 /a9$ glass1 ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg91 surr\nd$ by a glory ( angels4 ,on ! ?ird wall to ! "r we h ! subsequ5t ,hi/ory ( ! ,girdle1 9 six comp>tm5ts4 ,/4 ,?omas1 on ! eve ( 8 dep>ture to fulfil 8 mission z apo/le 9 ! f> ,ea/1 intru/s ! preci\s girdle to ! c>e ( "o ( 8 disciples1 :o receives x f 8 h&s 9 an ec/asy ( amazem5t & devotion4 ,! deposit rema9s1 = a ?\s& ye>s1 %r\d$ f ! eyes ( ! pr(ane2 & ! next sc5e %[s u ! mann] 9 :i* x rea*$ ! city ( ,prato4 ,a c]ta9 ,mi*ael ( ! ,dogom>i family 9 ,prato1 jo9$1 ) a p>ty ( 8 "y t[nsm51 ! crusade 9 #ajif4 ,b1 in/ead ( return+ to 8 native c\ntry aft] ! w> 0 ov]1 ?is same ,mi*ael took up ! trade ( a m]*ant1 travell+ f l& to l& 9 pursuit ( ga91 until he came to ! city ( ,j]usalem1 & lodg$ 9 ! h\se ( a ,greek prie/1 to :om ! cu/ody ( ! sacr$ relic _h desc5d$ f a long l9e ( ance/ry2 & ?is prie/1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ori5tal *ur*1 0 m>ri$1 & _h "o fair daught]1 & no m1 ! :i* he lov$ pass+ well1 s well1 t he _h intru/$ to h] c>e ! v5]able girdle4 ,n[ x *anc$ t ,mi*ael1 lodg+ 9 ! same h\se1 became enam\r$ ( ! maid51 & n be+ able to obta9 ! cons5t ( h] fa!r to _! m>riage1 he _h rec\rse to ! "m1 :o1 mov$ by ! te>s & entreaties ( ! daught]1 n only p]mitt$ _! union1 b be/[$ on h] ! girdle z a d[ry1 & assi/$ ! "y lov]s 9 _! flight4 ,9 accordance ) ?is /ory1 we h1 9 ! ?ird comp>tm5t1 ! ,m>riage ( ,mi*ael ) ! ,ea/]n ,maid51 & !n ! ,voyage f ! ,holy ,l& to ! ,%ores ( ,tuscany4 ,on ! deck ( ! vessel1 & at ! foot ( ! ma/1 is plac$ ! casket conta9+ ! relic1 to :i* ! m>9]s attribute _! prosp]\s voyage to ! %ores ( ,italy4 ,!n ,mi*ael is se5 disemb>k+ at ,pisa1 &1 ) 8 casket rev]5tly c>ri$ 9 8 h&s1 he re5t]s ! pat]nal mansion 9 ! city ( ,prato4 ,!n we h a sc5e ( wond]4 ,mi*ael is ext5d$ on 8 b$ 9 pr(\nd sleep4 ,an angel at 8 head1 & ano!r at 8 feet1 are ab\t to lift him up2 =1 says ! /ory1 ,mi*ael 0 s jeal\s ( 8 treasure1 t n only he k9dl$ a lamp e night 9 its hon\r1 b1 fe>+ he %\ld be robb$ ( x1 he plac$ x "u 8 b$1 :i* action1 ?\gh sugge/$ by 8 pr(\nd s5se ( its value1 (f5d$ 8 gu>dian angels1 :o e night lift$ him f 8 b$ & plac$ him on ! b>e e>?1 :i* nightly infliction ?is pi\s man endur$ r ?an risk ! loss ( 8 invaluable relic4 ,b aft] "s ye>s ,mi*ael fell sick & di$4 ,9 ! la/ comp>tm5t we h ! sc5e ( 8 dea?4 ,! bi%op ,ub]to kneels at 8 side1 & receives f him ! sacr$ girdle1 ) a solemn injunction to pres]ve x 9 ! ca!dral *ur* ( ! city1 & to pres5t x f "t to "t = ! v5]ation ( ! p1 :i* injunction ,ub]to mo/ pi\sly fulfill$2 & we see him c>ry+ x1 att5d$ by prie/s be>+ tor*es1 9 solemn procession to ! *apel1 9 :i* x has ev] s9ce rema9$4 ,agnolo ,gaddi 0 b a second-rate arti/1 ev5 = 8 "t1 yet ^! frescoes1 9 spite ( ! feebl5ess & g5]al inaccuracy ( ! draw+1 are attractive f a c]ta9 nave grace2 & ! romantic & curi\s details ( ! leg5d h l5t !m s mu* ( int]e/1 t1 z ,"l ,l9dsay says1 :5 /&+ on ! spot "o really feels indispos$ = criticism4#a ,footnote #a3 ,m4 ,rio is m poetical4 ,comme j'ent5dais racont] cette lg5de p\r la premire fois1 il me semblait que le tableau rfl*issait une p>tie de la posie qu'elle r5f]me4 ,cet am\r d'outre m] ml aux av5tures *eval]esques d'une croisade1 cette relique prcieuse donne p\r dot une pauvre fille1 la dvotion des deux p\x p\r ce gage rvr de leur bonheur1 leur d"p cl&e/91 leur navigation prospre avec des dauph9s qui leur font cortge la surface des eaux1 leur arrive ,prato et les miracles rpts qui1 jo9ts une maladie mortelle1 arrachr5t enf9 de la b\*e du moribond une dcl>ation publique la suite de laquelle la ce9ture sacre fut dpose dans la ca?drale1 t\t ce mlange de passion romanesque et de pit nave1 avait effac p\r moi les imp]fections te*niques qui au rai5t pu frapp] une obs]vateur de sang-froid4 ,! exact date ( ! frescoes execut$ by ,agnolo ,gaddi is n kn[n1 b1 accord+ to ,vas>i1 he 0 call$ to ,prato aft] #acdh4 ,an inscription 9 ! *apel ref]s !m to ! ye> #acij1 a date too late to be reli$ on4 ,! /ory ( ,mi*ele di ,prato ,i h nev] se5 else:]e2 b j z ! vic9ity ( ,cologne1 ! %r9e ( ! ,?ree ,k+s1 _h r5d]$ ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi "o ( ! popul> !mes 9 e>ly ,g]man & ,flemi% art2 s ! vic9ity ( ,prato r5d]$ ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,?omas a fav\rite !me ( ! ,flor5t9e s*ool1 & introduc$ x :]ev] ! influ5ce ( t s*ool _h ext5d$4 ,! f9e fresco by ,ma9>di1 9 ! ,b>oncelli ,*apel1 is an in/ance2 & ,i mu/ cite "o yet f9]1 t by ,ghirl&ajo 9 ! *oir ( ,s4 ,m>ia-,novella3 9 ?is la/-m5tion$ example1 ! ,virg9 /&s erect 9 />-bespangl$ drap]y & closely veil$4 ,we n[ proce$ to o!r examples ( ! treatm5t ( ! ,assumption4 #c4 ,taddeo ,b>toli1 #adac4 ,he has repres5t$ ! mom5t 9 :i* ! s\l is reunit$ to ! body4 ,clo!d 9 a />ry robe %e appe>s 9 ! v act & attitude ( "o ris+ up f a recl9+ position1 :i* is mo/ beautifully express$1 z if %e 7 p>tly lift$ up ^u ! exp&$ _m-col\r$ w+s ( a clu/] ( angels1 & p>tly drawn up1 z x 71 by ! attractive p[] ( ,*ri/1 :o1 float+ above h]1 takes h] clasp$ h&s 9 bo? 84 ,! int5se1 yet t5d] ec/asy 9 h] face1 ! mild spiritual b5ignity 9 81 are q indescribable1 & fix ! picture 9 ! he>t & ! memory z "o ( ! f9e/ religi\s conceptions extant4 7,si5a1 ,palazzo ,publico47 ,i imag9e ?is action ( ,*ri/ tak+ h] h&s 9 bo? 81 mu/ be f\nd$ on "s anci5t ,greek model1 = ,i h se5 ! same motif 9 o!r pictures1 ,g]man & ,italian2 b 9 none s t5d]ly or s happily express$4 #d4 ,dom5ico di ,b>tolo1 #adcj4 ,a l>ge alt>-piece4 ,m>y seat$ on a ?rone1 )9 a glory ( encircl+ *]ubim ( a gl[+ r$1 & ab\t ?irty m angels1 "s ador+1 o!rs play+ on musical in/rum5ts1 is borne upw>ds4 ,h] h&s are jo9$ 9 pray]1 h] head veil$ & cr[n$1 & %e we>s a :ite robe1 embroid]$ ) gold5 fl[]s4 ,above1 9 ! op5+ heav51 is ! figure ( ,*ri/1 "y & be>dless 7 l'antique71 ) out/ret*$ arms1 surr\nd$ by ! spirits ( ! bless$4 ,bel[1 ( a dim9utive size1 z if se5 f a di/ant height1 is ! tomb surr\nd$ by ! apo/les1 ,/4 ,?omas hold+ ! girdle4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable & important pictures ( ! ,si5a s*ool1 out ( ,si5a1 ) :i* ,i am acqua9t$4 7,b]l9 ,gal41 #aabb47 #e4 ,ghirl&ajo1 #adge4 ,! ,virg9 /&s 9 />-spangl$ drap]y1 ) a long :ite veil1 & h&s jo9$1 z %e floats upw>ds4 ,%e is su/a9$ by f\r s]aphim4 7,flor5ce1 ,s4 ,m>ia-,novella47 #f4 ,raphael1 #aeaf4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ )9 ! horns ( a cresc5t moon1 h] h&s jo9$4 ,on ea* side an angel /&s be>+ a flam+ tor*2 ! empty tomb & ! elev5 apo/les bel[4 ,?is composition is engrav$ aft] ,raphael by an anonym\s ma/] 7,le ,maitre au d74 ,x is maje/ic & graceful1 b peculi> = ! "t4 ,! two angels1 or r g5ii1 be>+ tor*es on ea* side1 imp>t to ! :ole some?+ ( ! air ( a hea!n apo!osis4 #g4 ,alb]t ,dur]4 ,! apo/les kneel or /& r\nd ! empty tomb2 :ile ,m>y1 so>+ upw>ds1 is receiv$ into heav5 by h] ,son2 an angel on ea* side4 #h4 ,gaud5zio ,f]r>i1 #aebe4 ,m>y1 9 a :ite robe spangl$ ) />s1 rises upw>d z if cleav+ ! air 9 an erect position1 ) h] h&s ext5d$1 b n rais$1 & a beautiful expression ( mild rapture1 z if utt]+ ! words attribut$ to h]1 ,my he>t is ready2 _m angels1 "s ( :om be> tap]s1 ar\nd h]4 ,"o angel pres5ts ! end ( ! girdle to ,/4 ,?omas2 ! o!r apo/les & ! empty tomb l[] d[n4 7,v]celli1 ,s4 ,cri/(ore47 #i4 ,correggio4 ,cupola ( ! ,duomo at ,p>ma1 #aecj4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 "o ( ! e>lie/ in/ances ( ! ,assumption appli$ z a gr& piece ( sc5ic decoration2 at all ev5ts we h no?+ 9 ?is luxuriant composition ( ! solemn simplicity ( ! old] conception4 ,9 ! highe/ "p ( ! ,cupola1 :]e ! /ronge/ light falls1 ,*ri/1 a viol5tly =e%ort5$ figure1 precipitates himself d[nw>ds to meet ! asc5d+ ,madonna1 :o1 recl9+ amid cl\ds1 & surr\nd$ by an innum]able company ( angels1 ext5ds h] arms t[>ds him4 ,"o gl[ ( heav5ly rapture is diffus$ ov] all2 b ! sc5e is va/1 confus$1 almo/ tumultu\s4 ,bel[1 all r\nd ! dome1 z if /&+ on a balcony1 appe> ! apo/les4 #aj4 ,titian1 #aedj 7ab\t74 ,9 ! ,assumption at ,v5ice1 a picture ( _w-wide celebrity1 &1 9 its way1 ( unequall$ beauty1 we h ano!r signal dep>ture f all ! old traditions4 ,! noble figure ( ! ,virg9 9 a flood ( gold5 light is borne1 or r impell$1 upw>ds ) su* rapidity1 t h] veil & drap]y are di/urb$ by ! motion4 ,h] feet are uncov]$1 a circum/ance inadmissible 9 anci5t art2 & h] drap]y1 in/ead ( be+ :ite1 is ( ! usual blue & crimson1 h] appropriate col\rs 9 life4 ,h] attitude1 ) outspread arms--h] face1 n inde$ a "y or lovely face1 b some?+ f> bett]1 sublime & p[]ful 9 ! expression ( rapture--! div9ely beautiful & *ildi%1 yet dev\t1 une>?ly little angels ar\nd h]--! gr& apo/les bel[--& ! spl5d\r ( col\r ov] all--r5d] ?is picture an en*antm5t at once to ! s5ses & ! imag9ation2 to me ! effect 0 l music4 #aa4 ,palma ,vec*io1 #aece4 7,v5ice ,acad47 ,! ,virg9 looks d[n1 n upw>ds1 z is usual1 & is 9 ! act ( tak+ (f h] girdle to be/[ x on ,/4 ,?omas1 :o1 ) t5 o!r apo/les1 /&s bel[4 #ab4 ,annibale ,c>acci1 #afjj4 7,bologna ,gal47 ,! ,virg9 amid a cr[d ( y\?ful angels1 & su/a9$ by cl\ds1 is plac$ across ! picture ) ext5d$ arms4 ,bel[ is ! tomb 7( sculptur$ m>ble7 & elev5 apo/les1 "o ( :om1 ) an a/oni%$ air1 lifts f ! sepul*re a h&ful ( roses4 ,!re is ano!r picture wond]fully f9e 9 ! same /yle by ,ago/9o ,c>acci4 ,?is fa%ion ( v>y+ ! attitude ( ! ,virg9 0 c>ri$ 9 ! lat] s*ools to e excess ( affectation4 ,9 a picture by ,lanfranco4 %e cleaves ! air l a swimm]1 :i* is dete/able4 #ac4 ,rub5s pa9t$ at lea/ twelve ,assumptions ) *>act]i/ic v]ve & movem5t4 ,"s ( ^!1 if n v solemn or poetical1 convey v happily ! idea ( a r5ovat$ life4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ spl5did z a sc5ic composition is 9 ! ,muse at ,brussels4 ,m beautiful1 &1 inde$1 q unusually poetical = ,rub5s1 is ! small ,assumption 9 ! ,que5's ,gall]y1 a f9i%$ sket* = ! l>g] picture4 ,! maje/ic ,virg91 array$ 9 :ite & blue drap]y1 rises ) out/ret*$ arms1 surr\nd$ by a *oir ( angels2 bel[1 ! apo/les & ! wom5 ei!r foll[ ) upw>d gaze ! so>+ ec/atic figure1 or look ) surprise at ! fl[]s :i* spr+ )9 ! empty tomb4 ,9 ano!r ,assumption by ,rub5s1 "o ( ! wom5 exhibits ! miracul\s fl[]s 9 h] apron1 or 9 a clo?1 ,i =get :i*2 b ! :ole conception1 l too _m ( 8 religi\s subjects1 bord]s on ! vulg> & famili>4 #ad4 ,guido1 z x is well kn[n1 excell$ 9 ?is f9e subject1--,i mean1 accord+ to ! ta/e & mann] ( 8 "t & s*ool4 ,8 asc5d+ ,madonnas h a sort ( arial elegance1 :i* is v attractive2 b !y are too nymph-l4 ,we mu/ be c>eful to di/+ui% 9 8 pictures 7& all simil> pictures pa9t$ aft] #afae7 betwe5 ! ,assumption & ! ,immaculate ,conception2 x is a diff]5ce 9 s5tim5t :i* ,i h already po9t$ out4 ,! small f9i%$ sket* by ,guido 9 our ,national ,gall]y is an ,assumption & ,coronation toge!r3 ! ,madonna is receiv$ into heav5 z ,reg9a ,angelorum4 ,! f9e l>ge ,assumption 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y may be reg>d$ z ! be/ example ( ,guido's mann] ( treat+ ?is !me4 ,8 picture 9 ! ,bridgewat] ,gall]y1 (t5 /yl$ an ,assumption1 is an ,immaculate ,conception4 ,! same obs]vations w\ld apply to ,p\ss91 )1 h[ev]1 m ( maje/y4 ,8 ,virg9s are usually seat$ or recl9+1 & 9 g5]al we h a f9e l&scape b5ea?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,assumption1 l ! ,annunciation1 ! ,nativity1 & o!r hi/orical !mes1 may1 ?r\gh ideal accessories1 assume a purely devotional =m4 ,x ceases !n to be a fact or an ev5t1 & becomes a vision or a my/]y1 ador$ by vot>ies1 to :i* att5dant sa9ts be> witness4 ,( ?is /yle ( treatm5t !re are _m beautiful examples4 #a4 ,e>ly ,flor5t9e1 ab\t #adej4 7,coll4 ( ,full] ,maitl&1 ,esq47 ,! ,virg91 seat$1 elegantly drap$ 9 :ite1 & ) pale-blue ornam5ts 9 h] hair1 rises )9 a glory su/a9$ by six angels2 bel[ is ! tomb full ( fl[]s & 9 front1 kneel+1 ,/4 ,francis & ,/4 ,j]ome4 #b4 ,ambrogio ,borgognone--#aejf4 7,milan1 ,br]a47 ,%e /&s1 float+ upw>ds ,9 a f9e attitude3 two angels cr[n h]2 o!rs su/a9 h]2 o!rs s\nd _! trumpets4 ,bel[ are ! apo/les & empty tomb2 at ea* side1 ,/4 ,ambrose & ,/4 ,augu/9e2 beh9d !m1 ,/4 ,cosimo & ,/4 ,damian2 ! introduction ( ^! sa9tly apo!c>ies /amps ! picture z an ex-voto--p]haps aga9/ ! plague4 ,x is v f9e1 expressive1 & curi\s4 #c4 ,f4 ,granacci4 #aecj4a ,! ,virg91 asc5d+ 9 glory1 pres5ts h] girdle to ,/4 ,?omas1 :o kneels3 on ea*1 side1 /&+ z witnesses4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 z patron ( ,flor5ce1 ,/4 ,laur5ce1 z patron ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 & ! two apo/les1 ,/4 ,b>?olomew & ,/4 ,james4 ,footnote #a3 ,9 ! ,casa ,ruccellai 787 ,engrav$ 9 ! ,etruria ,pittrice4 #d4 ,&rea del ,s>to1 #aebj4 7,flor5ce1 ,pitti ,pal47 ,%e is seat$ amid vap\ry cl\ds1 array$ 9 :ite3 on ea* side ador+ angels3 bel[1 ! tomb ) ! apo/les1 a f9e solemn gr\p3 & hi front1 ,/4 ,ni*olas1 & t int]e/+ p5it5t sa9t1 ,/4 ,m>g>et ( ,cortona4 7,leg5ds ( ! ,mona/ic ,ord]s47 ,! head ( ! ,virg9 is ! lik5ess ( ,&rea's infam\s wife2 o!rwise ?is is a magnific5t picture4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 foll[s ! ,assumption4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ?is f9al consummation ( h] glori\s de/9y sup]s$es1 or r includes1 h] asc5sion into heav54 ,z ,i h already obs]v$1 x is necess>y to di/+ui% ?is sc5ic ,coronation f ! my/ical ,,incoronata1 prop]ly s call$1 :i* is ! triumph ( ! allegorical *ur*1 & altoge!r an allegorical & devotional !me2 :]eas1 ! sc5ic ,coronation is ! la/ ev5t 9 a s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg94 ,"h we h be=e u1 n m]ely ! c\rt ( heav51 its arg5t fields peopl$ ) cele/ial spirits1 & ! sublime p]sonification ( ! glorifi$ ,*ur* exhibit$ z a vision1 & q ap>t f all real1 all human associations2 b we h r ! triumph ( ! human "m2--! l[ly woman lift$ into immortality4 ,! e>? & its sepul*re1 ! be>d$ apo/les b5ea?1 %[ u t1 l h] ,son1 %e has asc5d$ into glory by ! dim portal ( ! grave1 & ent]$ into felicity by ! pa? ( pa94 ,h] ,son1 next to :om %e has tak5 h] seat1 has himself wip$ ! te>s f h] eyes1 & set ! respl5d5t cr[n ^u h] head2 ! ,fa!r blesses h]2 ! ,holy ,_s be>s witness2 *]ubim & s]aphim welcome h]1 & salute h] z _! que54 ,s ,dante1-- ,at _! joy ,& c>ol smiles ! ,lovely ,"o ( heav51 ,t joy is 9 ! eyes ( all ! ble/4 ,?us1 !n1 we mu/ di/+ui%3-- #a4 ,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 is a /rictly devotional subject :]e %e is att5d$1 n m]ely by angels & patri>*s1 b by canoniz$ sa9ts & m>tyrs1 by fa!rs & doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 heads ( religi\s ord]s 9 monki% dresses1 patrons & vot>ies4 #b4 ,x is a dramatic & hi/orical subject :5 x is ! la/ sc5e 9 a s]ies ( ! ,life ( ! ,virg92 :5 ! dea?-b$1 or ! tomb1 or ! wond]+ apo/les1 & weep+ wom51 are figur$ on ! e>? bel[4 ,( ! =m] treatm5t1 ,i h spok5 at l5g?4 ,x is t mo/ commonly met ) 9 e>ly pictures & alt>-pieces4 ,) reg>d to ! hi/orical treatm5t1 x is m r>e z a sep>ate subject1 b !re are "s celebrat$ examples bo? 9 *ur* decoration & 9 pictures4 #a4 ,9 ! apsis ( ! ,duomo at ,spoleto1 we h1 bel[1 ! dea? ( ! ,virg9 9 ! usual mann]1 t is1 ! ,byzant9e conception treat$ 9 ! ,italian /yle1 ) ,*ri/ receiv+ h] s\l1 & ov] x ! ,coronation4 ,! ,virg9 kneels 9 a :ite robe1 spangl$ ) gold5 fl[]s2 & ,*ri/1 :o is "h repres5t$ r z ! ,fa!r ?an ! ,son1 cr[ns h] z que5 ( heav54 #b4 ,! composition by ,alb]t ,dur]1 :i* concludes 8 f9e s]ies ( wood-cuts1 ! ,life1 ( ! ,virg9 is v gr& & s+ul>4 ,on ! e>? is ! empty tomb2 ne> x ! bi]2 ar\nd /& ! twelve apo/les1 all look+ up amaz$4 ,!re is no allusion to ! girdle1 :i*1 inde$1 is seldom f\nd 9 nor!rn art4 ,above1 ! ,virg9 float+ 9 ! air1 ) ! ra9b[ "u h] feet1 is cr[n$ by ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 :ile ov] h] head hov]s ! holy ,dove4 #c4 ,9 ! ,vatican is ! ,coronation attribut$ to ,raphael4 ,t he design$ ! c>toon1 & began ! alt>-piece1 = ! nuns ( ,monte-,luce ne> ,p]ugia1 seems beyond all d\bt2 b x is equally c]ta9 t ! picture z we see x 0 pa9t$ almo/ entirely by 8 pupils ,giulo ,romano & ,gian ,francesco ,p5ni4 ,"h we h ! tomb bel[1 fill$ ) fl[]s2 & ar\nd x ! twelve apo/les2 ,john & 8 bro!r ,james1 9 front1 look+ up2 beh9d ,john1 ,/4 ,pet]2 m 9 ! backgr\nd1 ,/4 ,?omas holds ! girdle4 ,above is ! ?rone set 9 heav51 :]eon ! ,virg91 mild & beautiful1 sits beside h] div9e ,son1 & ) jo9$ h&s1 & veil$ head1 & eyes meekly ca/ d[n1 b5ds to receive ! gold5 coronet he is ab\t to place on h] br[4 ,! ,dove is omitt$1 b eight s]aphim1 ) ra9b[-t9t$ w+s1 hov] above h] head4 ,on ! "r1 a mo/ graceful angel /rikes ! tamb\r9e2 on ! left1 ano!r1 equally graceful1 s\nds ! viol2 &1 amid/ a flood ( light1 ho/s ( cele/ial & rejoic+ spirits fill up ! backgr\nd4 ,?us1 9 highe/ heav51 yet n out ( sight ( e>?1 9 beatitude pa/ utt]ance1 9 bless$ fruition ( all t fai? creates & love desires1 amid angel hymns & />ry glories1 ends ! pictur$ life ( ,m>y1 ,,"m ,,( ,,our ,,"l4 ,,! ,,end4