,illustration3 ,alinari1 ,photo4 ,in the ,bologna ,gallery ,,the ,,infant ,,christ ,,elisabetta ,,sirani ,,women ,,in ,,the ,,fine ,,arts ,,from ,,the ,,seventh ,,century ,b4 ,c4 ,,to ,,the ,,twentieth ,,century ,a4 ,d4 ,,by ,,clara ,,erskine ,,clement #aijd ,,prefatory ,,note ,as a means of collecting material for this book ,i have sent to many artists in ,great ,britain and in various countries of ,europe1 as well as in the ,united ,states1 a circular1 asking where their studies were made1 what honors they have received1 the titles of their principal works1 etc4 ,i take this opportunity to thank those who have cordially replied to my questions1 many of whom have given me fuller information than ,i should have presumed to ask2 thus assuring correctness in my statements1 which newspaper and magazine notices of artists and their works sometimes fail to do4 ,i wish especially to acknowledge the courtesy of those who have given me photographs of their pictures and sculpture1 to be used as illustrations4 ,,clara ,,erskine ,,clement4 ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations4 ,,the ,,infant ,,christ ,elisabetta ,sirani ,in the ,bologna ,gallery4 ,by permission of ,fratelli ,alinari4 ,a ,,portrait ,elizabeth ,gowdy ,baker ,a ,,portrait ,adelaide ,cole ,chase ,from a ,copley print4 ,a ,,canadian ,,interior ,emma ,lampert ,cooper ,,angiola ,louise ,cox ,from a ,copley print4 ,,dorothy ,lydia ,field ,emmet ,from a ,copley print4 ,,judith ,,with ,,the ,,head ,,of ,,holofernes ,artemisia ,gentileschi ,in the ,pitti ,gallery4 ,by permission of ,fratelli ,alinari4 ,,give ,,us ,,this ,,day ,,our ,,daily ,,bread ,berthe ,girardet ,,the ,,departure ,,of ,,summer ,louise ,l4 ,heustis ,from a ,copley print4 ,,miniature ,,of ,,persis ,,blair ,laura ,coombs ,hills ,,child ,,of ,,the ,,people ,helen ,hyde ,,mother ,,and ,,child ,phoebe ,a4 ,jenks ,,miss ,,ellen ,,terry ,,as ,,portia ,louise ,jopling ,rowe ,,angelica ,,kauffman ,angelica ,kauffman ,in the ,uffizi ,gallery4 ,by permission of ,fratelli ,alinari4 ,,portrait ,,of ,,rosa ,,bonheur ,anna ,e4 ,klumpke ,a ,,family ,,of ,,dogs ,matilda ,lotz ,,fritz ,clara ,t4 ,mac,chesney ,from a ,copley print4 ,,saint ,,catherine ,mary ,l4 ,macomber ,from a ,copley print4 ,,monument ,,for ,a ,,tomb ,ida ,matton ,in ,cemetery in ,gefle1 ,sweden4 ,,delft ,blanche ,mc,manus ,mansfield ,,an ,,indian ,,after ,,the ,,chase ,rhoda ,holmes ,nichols ,,flowers ,helen ,searle ,pattison ,,st4 ,,christopher ,engraved by ,caroline ,a4 ,powell ,in ,doge's ,palace1 ,venice ,,genevese ,,watchmaker ,aime ,rapin ,in the ,museum at ,neuchtel4 ,,may ,,day ,,at ,,whitelands ,,college1 ,,chelsea4 ,anna ,mary ,richards ,,fruit1 ,,flowers1 ,,and ,,insects ,rachel ,ruysch ,in the ,pitti ,gallery4 ,by permission of ,fratelli ,alinari4 ,a ,,frog ,,fountain ,janet ,scudder ,a ,,french ,,prince ,marie ,vige ,le ,brun ,,la ,,vierge ,,au ,,rosier ,sadie ,waters ,by courtesy of ,braun1 ,clment et ,cie4 ,,song ,,of ,,ages ,ethel ,wright ,from a ,copley print4 ,,statue ,,of ,,daniel ,,boone ,enid ,yandell ,made for ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,,introduction ,in studying the subject of this book ,i have found the names of more than a thousand women whose attainments in the ,fine ,arts--in various countries and at different periods of time before the middle of the nineteenth century--entitle them to honorable mention as artists1 and ,i doubt not that an exhaustive search would largely increase this number4 ,the stories of many of these women have been written with more or less detail1 while of others we know little more than their names and the titles of a few of their works2 but even our scanty knowledge of them is of value4 ,of the army of women artists of the last century it is not yet possible to speak with judgment and justice1 although many have executed works of which all women may be proud4 ,we have some knowledge of women artists in ancient days4 ,few stories of that time are so authentic as that of ,kora1 who made the design for the first bas-relief1 in the city of ,sicyonia1 in the seventh century ,b4 ,c4 ,we have the names of other ,greek women artists of the centuries immediately preceding and following the ,christian era1 but we know little of their lives and works4 ,calypso was famous for the excellence of her character pictures1 a remarkable one being a portrait of ,theodorus1 the ,juggler4 ,a picture found at ,pompeii1 now at ,naples1 is attributed to this artist2 but its authorship is so uncertain that little importance can be attached to it4 ,pliny praised ,eirene1 among whose pictures was one of ,an ,aged ,man and a portrait of ,alcisthenes1 the ,dancer4 ,in the annals of ,roman ,art we find few names of women4 ,for this reason ,laya1 who lived about a century before the ,christian era1 is important4 ,she is honored as the original painter of miniatures1 and her works on ivory were greatly esteemed4 ,pliny says she did not marry1 but pursued her art with absolute devotion2 and he considered her pictures worthy of great praise4 ,a large picture in ,naples is said to be the work of ,laya1 but1 as in the case of ,calypso1 we have no assurance that it is genuine4 ,it is also said that ,laya's portraits commanded larger prices than those of ,sopolis and ,dyonisius1 the most celebrated portrait painters of their time4 ,our scanty knowledge of individual women artists of antiquity--mingled with fable as it doubtless is--serves the important purpose of proving that women1 from very ancient times1 were educated as artists and creditably followed their profession beside men of the same periods4 ,this knowledge also awakens imagination1 and we wonder in what other ancient countries there were women artists4 ,we know that in ,egypt inheritances descended in the female line1 as in the case of the ,princess ,karamat2 and since we know of the great architectural works of ,queen ,hashop and her journey to the land of ,punt1 we may reasonably assume that the women of ancient ,egypt had their share in all the interests of life4 ,were there not artists among them who decorated temples and tombs with their imperishable colors8 ,did not women paint those pictures of ,isis--goddess of ,sothis--that are like precursors of the pictures of the ,immaculate ,conception8 ,surely we may hope that a papyrus will be brought to light that will reveal to us the part that women had in the decoration of the monuments of ancient ,egypt4 ,at present we have no reliable records of the lives and works of women artists before the time of the ,renaissance in ,italy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,m4 ,taine's philosophy which regards the art of any people or period as the necessary result of the conditions of race1 religion1 civilization1 and manners in the midst of which the art was produced--and esteems a knowledge of these conditions as sufficient to account for the character of the art1 seems to me to exclude many complex and mysterious influences1 especially in individual cases1 which must affect the work of the artists4 ,at the same time an intelligent study of the art of any nation or period demands a study of the conditions in which it was produced1 and ,i shall endeavor in this rsum of the history of women in ,art--mere outline as it is--to give an idea of the atmosphere in which they lived and worked1 and the influences which affected the results of their labor4 ,it has been claimed that everything of importance that originated in ,italy from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century bore the distinctive mark of ,fine ,art4 ,so high an authority as ,john ,addington ,symonds is in accord with this view1 and the study of these four centuries is of absorbing interest4 ,although the thirteenth century long preceded the practice of art by women1 its influence was a factor in the artistic life into which they later came4 ,in this century ,andrea ,tan1 ,guido da ,siena1 and other devoted souls were involved in the final struggles of ,mediaeval ,art1 and at its close ,cimabue and ,duccio da ,siena--the two masters whose ,madonnas were borne in solemn procession through the streets of ,florence and ,siena1 mid music and the pealing of bells--had given the new impulse to painting which brought them immortal fame4 ,they were the heralds of the time when poetry of sentiment1 beauty of color1 animation and individuality of form should replace ,mediaeval formality and ugliness2 a time when the spirit of art should be revived with an impulse prophetic of its coming glory4 ,but neither this portentous period nor the fourteenth century is memorable in the annals of women artists4 ,not until the fifteenth1 the century of the full ,renaissance1 have we a record of their share in the great rebirth4 ,it is important to remember that the art of the ,renaissance had1 in the beginning1 a distinct office to fill in the service of the ,church4 ,later1 in historical and decorative painting1 it served the ,state1 and at length1 in portrait and landscape painting1 in pictures of genre subjects and still-life1 abundant opportunity was afforded for all orders of talent1 and the generous patronage of art by church1 state1 and men of rank and wealth1 made ,italy a veritable paradise for artists4 ,gradually1 with the revival of learning1 artists were free to give greater importance to secular subjects1 and an element of worldliness1 and even of immorality1 invaded the realm of art as it invaded the realms of life and literature4 ,this was an era of change in all departments of life4 ,chivalry1 the great poetic lie1 died with feudalism1 and the relations between men and women became more natural and reasonable than in the preceding centuries4 ,women were liberated from the narrow sphere to which they had been relegated in the minstrel's song and poet's rhapsody1 but as yet neither time nor opportunity had been given them for the study and development which must precede noteworthy achievement4 ,remarkable as was the fifteenth century for intellectual and artistic activity1 it was not productive in its early decades of great genius in art or letters4 ,its marvellous importance was apparent only at its close and in the beginning of the sixteenth century1 when the works of ,leonardo1 ,michael ,angelo1 ,raphael1 ,titian1 and their followers emphasized the value of the progressive attainments of their predecessors4 ,the assertion and contradiction of ideas and theories1 the rivalries of differing schools1 the sweet devotion of ,fra ,angelico1 the innovations of ,masolino and ,masaccio1 the theory of perspective of ,paolo ,uccello1 the varied works of ,fabriano1 ,antonello da ,messina1 the ,lippi1 ,botticelli1 ,ghirlandajo1 the ,bellini1 and their contemporaries1 culminated in the inimitable painting of the ,cinquecento--in works still unsurpassed1 ever challenging artists of later centuries to the task of equalling or excelling them4 ,the demands of the art of the ,renaissance were so great1 and so unlike those of earlier days1 that it is not surprising that few women1 in its beginning1 attained to such excellence as to be remembered during five centuries4 ,especially would it seem that an insurmountable obstacle had been placed in the way of women1 since the study of anatomy had become a necessity to an artist4 ,this1 and kindred hindrances1 too patent to require enumeration1 account for the fact that but two ,italian women of this period became so famous as to merit notice--,caterina ,vigri and ,onorata ,rodiana1 whose stories are given in the biographical part of this book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,flanders1 late in the fourteenth and early in the fifteenth centuries1 women were engaged in the study and practice of art4 ,in ,bruges1 when the ,van ,eycks were inventing new methods in the preparation of colors1 and painting their wonderful pictures1 beside them1 and scarcely inferior to them1 was their sister1 ,margaretha1 who sacrificed much of her artistic fame by painting portions of her brothers' pictures1 unless the fact that they thought her worthy of thus assisting them establishes her reputation beyond question4 ,in the fifteenth century we have reason to believe that many women practised art in various departments1 but so scanty and imperfect are the records of individual artists that little more than their names are known1 and we have no absolute knowledge of the value of their works1 or where1 if still existing1 they are to be seen4 ,the art of the ,renaissance reached its greatest excellence during the last three decades of the fifteenth and the first half of the sixteenth century4 ,this was a glorious period in the ,history of ,art4 ,the barbarism of the ,middle ,ages was essentially a thing of the past1 but much barbaric splendor in the celebration of ceremonies and festivals still remained to satisfy the artistic sense1 while every-day costumes and customs lent a picturesqueness to ordinary life4 ,so much of the pagan spirit as endured was modified by the spirit of the ,renaissance4 ,the result was a new order of things especially favorable to painting4 ,an artist now felt himself as free to illustrate the pagan myths as to represent the events in the lives of the ,saviour1 the ,virgin and the saints1 and the actors in the sacred subjects were represented with the same beauty and grace of form as were given the heroes and heroines of ,hellenic legend4 ,st4 ,sebastian was as beautiful as ,apollo1 and the imagination and senses were moved alike by pictures of ,danae and the ,magdalene--the two subjects being often the work of the same artist4 ,the human form was now esteemed as something more than the mere habitation of a soul2 it was beautiful in itself and capable of awakening unnumbered emotions in the human heart4 ,nature1 too1 presented herself in a new aspect and inspired the artist with an ardor in her representation such as few of the older painters had experienced in their devotion to religious subjects4 ,this expansion of thought and purpose was inaugurating an art attractive to women1 to which the increasing liberty of artistic theory and practice must logically make them welcome2 a result which is a distinguishing feature of sixteenth-century painting4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the sixteenth century was noteworthy for the generous patronage of art1 especially in ,florence1 where the policy of its ruling house could not fail to produce marvellous results1 and the history of the ,medici discloses many reasons why the bud of the ,renaissance perfected its bloom in ,florence more rapidly and more gloriously than elsewhere4 ,for centuries ,italy had been a treasure-house of ,greek1 ,etruscan1 and ,byzantine ,art4 ,in no other country had a civilization like that of ancient ,rome existed1 and no other land had been so richly prepared to be the birthplace and to promote the development of the art of the ,renaissance4 ,the intellectually progressive life of this period did much for the advancement of women4 ,the fame of ,vittoria ,colonna1 ,tullia d',aragona1 ,olympia ,morata1 and many others who merit association in this goodly company1 proves the generous spirit of the age1 when in the scholastic centres of ,italy women were free to study all branches of learning4 ,the pursuit of art was equally open to them and women were pupils in all the schools and in the studios of many masters2 even ,titian instructed a woman1 and all the advantages for study enjoyed by men were equally available for women4 ,many names of ,italian women artists could be added to those of whom ,i have written in the biographical portion of this book1 but too little is known of their lives and works to be of present interest4 ,there is1 however1 little doubt that many pictures attributed to the ,school of various masters were painted by women4 99 99 99 99 99 ,art did not reach its perfection in ,venice until later than in ,florence1 and its special contribution1 its glorious color1 imparted to it an attraction unequalled on the sensuous plane4 ,this color surrounded the artists of that sumptuous city of luxurious life and wondrous pageants1 and was so emphasized by the marvellous mingling of the semi-mist and the brilliancy of its atmosphere that no man who merited the name of artist could be insensible to its inspiration4 ,the old ,venetian realism was followed1 in the time of the ,renaissance1 by startling developments4 ,in the works of ,tintoretto and ,veronese there is a combination of gorgeous draperies1 splendid and often licentious costumes1 brilliant metal accessories1 and every possible device for enhancing and contrasting colors1 until one is bewildered and must adjust himself to these dazzling spectacles--religious subjects though they may be--before any serious thought or judgment can be brought to bear upon their artistic merit2 these two great contemporaries lived and worked in the final decades of the sixteenth century4 ,we know that many women painted pictures in ,venice before the seventeenth century1 although we have accurate knowledge of but few1 and of these an account is given later in this book4 ,we who go from ,paris to ,london in a few hours1 and cross the ,st4 ,gothard in a day1 can scarcely realize the distance that separated these capitals from the centres of ,italian art in the time of the ,renaissance4 ,we have1 however1 abundant proof that the sacred fire of the love of ,art and ,letters was smouldering in ,france1 ,germany1 and ,england--and when the inspiring breath of the ,renaissance was wafted beyond the ,alps a flame burst forth which has burned clearer and brighter with succeeding centuries4 ,from the time of ,vincent de ,beauvais1 who died in #abfd1 ,france had not been wanting in illustrious scholars1 but it could not be said that a ,french school of art existed4 ,franois ,clouet or ,cloet1 called ,jehannet1 was born in ,tours about #aejj4 ,his portraits are seen in the ,gallery of the ,louvre1 and have been likened to those of ,holbein2 but they lack the strength and spirit of that artist2 in fact1 the distinguishing feature of ,clouet's work is the remarkable finish of draperies and accessories1 while the profusion of jewels distracts attention from the heads of his subjects4 ,the first great ,french artists were of the seventeenth century1 and although ,clouet was painter to ,francis ,i4 and ,henry ,,ii41 the former1 like his predecessors1 imported artists from ,italy1 among whom were ,leonardo da ,vinci and ,benvenuto ,cellini4 ,in letters1 however1 there were ,french women of the sixteenth century who are still famous4 ,marguerite de ,valois was as cultivated in mind as she was generous and noble in character4 ,her love of learning was not easily satisfied4 ,she was proficient in ,hebrew1 the classics1 and the usual branches of profane letters1 as well as an accomplished scholar in philosophy and theology4 ,as an author--though her writings are somewhat voluminous and not without merit--she was comparatively unimportant2 her great service to letters was the result of the sympathy and encouragement she gave to others4 ,wherever she might be1 she was the centre of a literary and religious circle1 as well as of the society in which she moved4 ,she was in full sympathy with her brother in making his ,collge an institution in which greater liberty was accorded to the expression of individual opinion than had before been known in ,france1 and by reason of her protection of liberty in thought and speech she suffered much in the esteem of the bigots of her day4 ,the beautiful ,mlle4 de ,heilly--the ,duchesse d',etampes--whose influence over ,francis ,i4 was pre-eminent1 while her character was totally unlike that of his sister1 was described as the fairest among the learned1 and the most learned among the fair4 ,when learning was thus in favor at ,court1 it naturally followed that all capacity for it was cultivated and ordinary intelligence made the most of2 and the claim that the intellectual brilliancy of the women of the ,court of ,francis ,i4 has rarely been equalled is generally admitted4 ,there were1 however1 no artists among them--they wielded the pen rather than the brush4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,england1 as in ,france1 there was no native school of art in the sixteenth century1 and ,flemish1 ,dutch1 and ,german artists crossed the channel when summoned to the ,english ,court1 as the ,italians crossed the ,alps to serve the kings of ,france4 ,english women of this century were far less scholarly than those of ,italy and ,france4 ,at the same time they might well be proud of a queen who could quote ,pindar and ,homer in the original and read every morning a portion of ,demosthenes1 being also the royal mistress of eight languages4 ,with our knowledge of the queen's scholarship in mind we might look to her for such patronage of art and literature as would rival that of ,lorenzo the ,magnificent2 but ,elizabeth lacked the generosity of the ,medici and that of ,marguerite de ,valois4 ,hume tells us that the queen's vanity lay more in shining by her own learning than in encouraging men of genius by her liberality4 ,lady ,jane ,grey and the daughters of ,sir ,anthony ,cooke are familiar examples of learned women1 and many ,english titled and gentlewomen were well versed in ,greek and ,latin1 as well as in ,spanish1 ,italian1 and ,french4 ,macaulay reminded his readers that if an ,englishwoman of that day did not read the classics she could read little1 since the then existing books--outside the ,italian--would fill a shelf but scantily4 ,thus ,english girls read ,plato1 and doubtless ,english women excelled ,englishmen in their proficiency in foreign languages1 as they do at present4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,germany the relative position of ,art and ,letters was the opposite to that in ,france and ,england4 ,the ,school of ,cologne was a genuinely native school of art in the fourteenth century4 ,although the ,niebelungen ,lied and ,gudrun1 the ,songs of ,love and ,volkslieder1 as well as ,mysteries and ,passion ,plays1 existed from an early date1 we can scarcely speak of a ,german ,literature before the sixteenth century1 when ,albert ,drer and the younger ,holbein painted their great pictures1 while ,luther1 ,melanchthon and their sympathizers disseminated the doctrines of advancing ,protestantism4 ,at this period1 in the countries we may speak of collectively as ,german1 women artists were numerous4 ,many were miniaturists1 some of whom were invited to the ,english ,court and received with honor4 ,in #aeba ,albert ,drer was astonished at the number of women artists in different parts of what1 for conciseness1 we may call ,germany4 ,this was also noticeable in ,holland1 and ,drer wrote in his diary1 in the above-named year3 ,master ,gerard1 of ,antwerp1 illuminist1 has a daughter1 eighteen years of age1 named ,susannah1 who illuminated a little book which ,i purchased for a few guilders4 ,it is wonderful that a woman could do so much6 ,antwerp became famous for its women artists1 some of whom visited ,france1 ,italy1 and ,spain1 and were honorably recognized for their talent and attainments1 wherever they went4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the later years of the sixteenth century a difference of opinion and purpose arose among the artists of ,italy1 the effects of which were shown in the art of the seventeenth century4 ,two distinct schools were formed1 one of which included the conservatives who desired to preserve and follow the manner of the masters of the ,cinquecento1 at the same time making a deeper study of ,nature--thus the devotional feeling and many of the older traditions would be retained while each master could indulge his individuality more freely than heretofore4 ,they aimed to unite such a style as ,correggio's--who belonged to no school--with that of the severely mannered artists of the preceding centuries4 ,these artists were called ,eclectics1 and the ,bolognese school of the ,carracci was the most important centre of the movement1 while ,domenichino1 a native of ,bologna--#aeha-afca--was the most distinguished painter of the school4 ,the original aims of the ,eclectics are well summed up in a sonnet by ,agostino ,carracci1 which has been translated as follows3 ,let him who wishes to be a good painter acquire the design of ,rome1 ,venetian action and ,venetian management of shade1 the dignified color of ,lombardy--that is of ,leonardo da ,vinci--the terrible manner of ,michael ,angelo1 ,titian's truth and nature1 the sovereign purity of ,correggio's style and the just symmetry of a ,raphael1 the decorum and well-grounded study of ,tibaldi1 the invention of the learned ,primaticcio1 and a little of ,parmigianino's grace2 but without so much study and weary labor let him apply himself to imitate the works which our ,niccol--dell ,abbate--left us here4 ,kugler calls this a patchwork ideal1 which puts the matter in a nut-shell4 ,at one period the ,eclectics produced harmonious pictures in a manner attractive to women1 many of whom studied under ,domenichino1 ,giovanni ,lanfranco1 ,guido ,reni1 the ,campi1 and others4 ,sofonisba ,anguisciola1 ,elisabetta ,sirani1 and the numerous women artists of ,bologna were of this school4 ,the greatest excellence of this art was of short duration2 it declined as did the literature1 and indeed1 the sacred and political institutions of ,italy in the seventeenth century4 ,it should not1 however1 be forgotten1 that the best works of ,guercino1 the later pictures of ,annibale ,carracci1 and the important works of ,domenichino and ,salvator ,rosa belong to this period4 ,the second school was that of the ,naturalists1 who professed to study ,nature alone1 representing with brutal realism her repulsive aspects4 ,naples was the centre of these painters1 and the poisoning of ,domenichino and many other dark and terrible deeds have been attributed to them4 ,few women were attracted to this school1 and the only one whose association with the ,naturalisti is recorded--,aniella di ,rosa--paid for her temerity with her life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,rome1 ,florence1 ,bologna1 ,venice1 and other ,italian cities1 there were1 in the seventeenth century1 many women who made enviable reputations as artists1 some of whom were also known for their literary and musical attainments4 ,anna ,maria ,ardoina1 of ,messina1 made her studies in ,rome4 ,she was gifted as a poet and artist1 and so excelled in music that she had the distinguished honor of being elected to the ,academy of ,arcadia4 ,not a few gifted women of this time are remembered for their noble charities4 ,chiara ,varotari1 under the instruction of her father and her brother1 called ,padovanino1 became a good painter4 ,she was also honored as a skilful nurse1 and the ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany placed her portrait in his gallery on account of his admiration and respect for her as a comforter of the suffering4 ,giovanna ,garzoni1 a miniaturist1 conferred such benefits upon the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke that a monument was there erected to her memory4 ,other artists founded convents1 became nuns1 and imprinted themselves upon their age in connection with various honorable institutions and occupations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,french ,art in the seventeenth century was academic and prosaic1 lacking the spontaneity1 joyousness1 and intensely artistic feeling of ,italian ,art--a heritage from previous centuries which had not been lost1 and in which ,france had no part4 ,the works of ,poussin1 which have been likened to painted reliefs1 afford an excellent example of ,french ,art in his time--#aeid-affe--;and this in spite of the fact that he worked and studied much in ,rome4 ,the ,acadmie des ,beaux-,arts was established by ,louis ,,xiv41 and there was a rapidly growing interest in art4 ,as yet1 however1 the women of ,france affected literature rather than painting1 and in the seventeenth century they were remarkable for their scholarly attainments and their influence in the world of letters4 ,madame de ,maintenon patronized learning2 at the ,htel ,rambouillet men and women of genius met the world of rank and fashion on common ground4 ,madame ,dacier1 of whom ,voltaire said1 ,no woman has ever rendered greater services to literature1 made her translations from the classics2 ,madame de ,sevign wrote her marvellous letters2 ,mademoiselle de ,scudry and ,madame ,lafayette their novels2 ,catherine ,bernard emulated the manner of ,racine in her dramas2 while ,madame de ,guyon interpreted the mystic ,song of ,solomon4 ,of ,french women artists of this period we can mention several names1 but they were so overshadowed by authors as to be unimportant1 unless1 like ,elizabeth ,chron1 they won both artistic and literary fame4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the seventeenth century was an age of excellence in the art of ,flanders1 ,belgium1 and ,holland1 and is known as the second great epoch of painting in the ,netherlands1 this name including the three countries just mentioned4 ,after the calamities suffered under ,charles ,v4 and ,philip ,,ii41 with returning peace and prosperity an art was developed1 both original and rich in artistic power4 ,the ,states-,general met in #afjj1 and the greatest artists of the ,netherlands did their work in the succeeding fifty years2 and before the century closed the appreciation of art and the patronage which had assured its elevation were things of the past4 ,rubens was twenty-three years old in #afjj1 just ready to begin his work which raised the school of ,belgium to its highest attainments4 ,when we remember how essentially his art dominated his own country and was admired elsewhere1 we might think--,i had almost said fear--that his brilliant1 vigorous1 and voluptuous manner would attract all artists of his day to essay his imitation4 ,but among women artists ,madame ,o',connell was the first who could justly be called his imitator1 and her work was done in the middle of the nineteenth century4 ,when we turn to the genre painting of the ,flemish and ,dutch artists we find that they represented scenes in the lives of coarse1 drunken boors and vulgar women--works which brought these artists enduring fame by reason of their wonderful technique2 but we can mention one woman only1 ,anna ,breughel1 who seriously attempted the practice of this art4 ,she is thought to have been of the family of ,velvet ,breughel1 who lived in the early part of the seventeenth century4 ,like ,rubens1 ,rembrandt numbered few women among his imitators4 ,the women of his day and country affected pleasing delineations of superficial motives1 and ,rembrandt's earnestness and intensity were seemingly above their appreciation--certainly far above their artistic powers4 ,a little later so many women painted delicate and insipid subjects that ,i have not space even for their names4 ,a critic has said that the ,dutch school became a nursery for female talent4 ,it may have reached the ,kindergarten stage1 but went no farther4 ,flower painting attained great excellence in the seventeenth century4 ,the most elaborate masters in this art were the brothers ,de ,heem1 ,willem ,kalf1 ,abraham ,mignon1 and ,jan van ,huysum4 ,exquisite as the pictures by these masters are1 ,maria van ,oosterwyck and ,rachel ,ruysch disputed honors with them1 and many other women excelled in this delightful art4 ,an interesting feature in art at this time was the intimate association of men and women artists and the distinction of women thus associated4 ,gerard ,terburg1 whose pictures now have an enormous value1 had two sisters1 ,maria and ,gezina1 whose genre pictures were not unworthy of comparison with the works of their famous brother4 ,gottfried ,schalken1 remarkable for his skill in the representation of scenes by candle light1 was scarcely more famous than his sister ,maria4 ,eglon van der ,neer is famous for his pictures of elegant women in marvellous satin gowns4 ,he married ,adriana ,spilberg1 a favorite portrait painter4 ,the daughters of the eminent engraver ,cornelius ,visscher1 ,anna and ,maria1 were celebrated for their fine etching on glass1 and by reason of their poems and their scholarly acquirements they were called the ,dutch ,muses1 and were associated with the learned men of their day4 ,this list1 though incomplete1 suggests that the co-education of artists bore good fruit in their co-operation in their profession4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,england1 while there was a growing interest in painting1 the standard was that of foreign schools1 especially the ,dutch4 ,foreign artists found a welcome and generous patronage at the ,english ,court4 ,mary ,beale and ,anne ,carlisle are spoken of as ,english artists1 and a few ,english women were miniaturists4 ,among these was ,susannah ,penelope ,gibson1 daughter of ,richard ,gibson1 the ,dwarf4 ,while these women were not wanting in artistic taste1 they were little more than copyists of the ,dutch artists with whom they had associated4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the early years of the seventeenth century there were a number of ,danish women who were painters1 engravers1 and modellers in wax4 ,the daughter of ,king ,christian ,,iv41 ,elenora ,christina1 and her daughter1 ,helena ,christina1 were reputable artists4 ,the daughter of ,christian ,v41 ,sophie ,hedwig1 made a reputation as a portrait1 landscape1 and flower painter1 which extended beyond her own country2 and ,anna ,crabbe painted a series of portraits of ,danish princes1 and added to them descriptive verses of her own composition4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,art of ,spain attained its greatest glory in the seventeenth century--the century of ,velasquez1 ,murillo1 ,ribera1 and other less distinguished but excellent artists4 ,in the last half of this century women artists were prominent in the annals of many ,spanish cities4 ,in the ,south mention is made of these artists1 who were of excellent position and aristocratic connection4 ,in ,valencia1 the daughter of the great portrait painter ,alonzo ,coello was distinguished in both painting and music4 ,she married ,don ,francesco de ,herrara1 ,knight of ,santiago4 ,in ,cordova the sister of ,palomino y ,vasco--the artist who has been called the ,vasari of ,spain on account of his ,museo ,pictorio--was recognized as a talented artist4 ,in ,madrid1 ,velasquez numbered several noble ladies among his pupils2 but no detailed accounts of the works of these artists is available--if any such exist--and their pictures are in private collections4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the above outline of the general conditions of ,art in the seventeenth century will suggest the reasons for there being a larger number of women artists in ,italy than elsewhere--especially as they were pupils in the studios of the best masters as well as in the schools of the ,carracci and other centres of art study4 99 99 99 99 99 ,italian artists of the eighteenth century have been called scene painters1 and1 in truth1 many of their works impress one as hurried attempts to cover large spaces4 ,originality was wanting and a wearisome mediocrity prevailed4 ,at the same time certain national artistic qualities were apparent2 good arrangement of figures and admirable effects of color still characterized ,italian painting1 but the result was1 on the whole1 academic and uninteresting4 ,the ideals cherished by older artists were lost1 and nothing worthy to replace them inspired their followers4 ,the sincerity1 earnestness1 and devotion of the men who served church and state in the decoration of splendid monuments would have been out of place in the service of amateurs and in the decoration of the salons and boudoirs of the rich1 and the painting of this period had little permanent value1 in comparison with that of preceding centuries4 ,italian women1 especially in the second half of the century1 were professors in universities1 lectured to large audiences1 and were respectfully consulted by men of science and learning in the various branches of scholarship to which they were devoted4 ,unusual honors were paid them1 as in the case of ,maria ,portia ,vignoli1 to whom a statue was erected in the public square of ,viterbo to commemorate her great learning in natural science4 ,an artist1 ,matilda ,festa1 held a professorship in the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke in ,rome1 and ,maria ,maratti1 daughter of the ,roman painter ,carlo ,maratti1 made a good reputation both as an artist and a poetess4 ,in ,northern ,italy many women were famous in sculpture1 painting1 and engraving4 ,at least forty could be named1 artists of good repute1 whose lives were lacking in any unusual interest1 and whose works are in private collections4 ,one of these was a princess of ,parma1 who married the ,archduke ,joseph of ,austria1 and was elected to the ,academy of ,vienna in #aghi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,france1 in the beginning of this century ,watteau1 #afhd-agba1 painted his interesting pictures of ,la ,belle ,socit1 reproducing the court life1 costumes1 and manners of the reign of ,louis ,,xiv4 with fidelity1 grace1 and vivacity4 ,later in the century1 ,greuze1 #agbe-ahje1 with his attractive1 refined1 and somewhat mannered style1 had a certain influence4 ,claude ,vernet1 #agad-aghi1 and ,david1 #agdh-ahbe1 each great in his way1 influenced the nineteenth as well as the eighteenth century4 ,though ,vien1 #agaf-ahji1 made a great effort to revive classic art1 he found little sympathy with his aim until the works of his pupil ,david won recognition from the world of the ,first ,empire4 ,french ,art of this period may be described by a single word--eclectic--and this choice by each important artist of the style he would adopt culminated in the ,rococo ,school1 which may be defined as the unusual and fantastic in art4 ,it was characterized by good technique and pleasing color1 but lacked purpose1 depth1 and warmth of feeling4 ,as usual in a pot-pourri1 it was far enough above worthlessness not to be ignored1 but so far short of excellence as not to be admired4 ,in ,france during this century there was an army of women artists1 painters1 sculptors1 and engravers4 ,of a great number we know the names only2 in fact1 of but two of these1 ,adelaide ,vincent and ,elizabeth ,vige ,le ,brun1 have we reliable knowledge of their lives and works4 ,the eighteenth century is important in the annals of women artists1 since their numbers then exceeded the collective number of those who had preceded them--so far as is known--from the earliest period in the history of art4 ,in a critical review of the time1 however1 we find a general and active interest in culture and art among women rather than any considerable number of noteworthy artists4 ,germany was the scene of the greatest activity of women artists4 ,france held the second place and ,italy the third1 thus reversing the conditions of preceding centuries4 99 99 99 99 99 ,many ,german women emulated the examples of the earlier flower painters1 but no one was so important as to merit special attention1 though a goodly number were elected to academies and several appointed painters to the minor courts4 ,among the genre and historical painters we find the names of ,anna ,amalia of ,brunswick and ,anna ,maria1 daughter of the ,empress ,maria ,theresa1 both of whom were successful artists4 ,in ,berlin and ,dresden the interest in art was much greater in the eighteenth than in previous centuries1 and with this new impulse many women devoted themselves to various specialties in art4 ,miniature and enamel painting were much in vogue1 and collections of these works1 now seen in museums and private galleries1 are exquisitely beautiful and challenge our admiration1 not only for their beauty1 but for the delicacy of their handling and the infinite patience demanded for their execution4 ,the making of medals was carried to great excellence by ,german women1 as may be seen in a medal of ,queen ,sophie ,charlotte1 which is preserved in the royal collection of medals4 ,it is the work of ,rosa ,elizabeth ,schwindel1 of ,leipsic1 who was well known in ,berlin in the beginning of the century4 ,the cutting of gems was also extensively done by women4 ,susannah ,dorsch was famous for her accomplishment in this art4 ,her father and grandfather had been gem-cutters1 and ,susannah could not remember at what age she began this work4 ,so highly was she esteemed as an artist that medals were made in her honor4 ,as frequently happens in a study of this kind1 ,i find long lists of the names of women artists of this period of whose lives and works ,i find no record1 while the events related in other cases are too trivial for repetition4 ,this is especially true in ,holland1 where we find many names of ,dutch women who must have been reputable artists1 since they are mentioned in ,art ,chronicles of their time2 but we know little of their lives and can mention no pictures executed by them4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a national art now existed in ,england4 ,hogarth1 who has been called the ,father of ,english ,painting1 was a man of too much originality to be a mere imitator of foreign artists4 ,he devoted his art to the representation of the follies of his time4 ,as a satirist he was eminent1 but his mirth-provoking pictures had a deeper purpose than that of amusing4 ,lord ,orford wrote3 ,mirth colored his pictures1 but benevolence designed them4 ,he smiled like ,socrates1 that men might not be offended at his lectures1 and might learn to laugh at their own folly4 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds and ,thomas ,gainsborough were born and died in the eighteenth century2 their famous works were contemporary with the founding of the ,royal ,academy in #agfh1 when these artists1 together with ,angelica ,kauffman and ,mary ,moser1 were among its original members4 ,it was a fashion in ,england at this time for women to paint2 they principally affected miniature and water-color pictures1 but of the many who called themselves artists few merit our attention2 they practised but a feeble sort of imitative painting2 their works of slight importance cannot now be named1 while their lives were usually commonplace and void of incident4 ,of the few exceptions to this rule ,i have written in the later pages of this book4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the suggestion that the nineteenth century cannot yet be judged as to its final effect in many directions has already been made1 and of nothing is this more true than of its ,art4 ,of one phase of this period1 however1 we may speak with confidence4 ,no other century of which we know the history has seen so many changes--such progress1 or such energy of purpose so largely rewarded as in the century we are considering4 ,to one who has lived through more than three score years of this period1 no fairy tale is more marvellous than the changes in the department of daily life alone4 ,when ,i recall the time when the only mode of travel was by stage-coach1 boat1 or private carriage--when the journey from ,boston to ,st4 ,louis demanded a week longer in time than we now spend in going from ,boston to ,egypt--when no telegraph existed--when letter postage was twenty-five cents and the postal service extremely primitive--when no house was comfortably warmed and women carried foot-stoves to unheated churches--when candles and oil lamps were the only means of lighting up1 and we went about the streets at night with dim lanterns--when women spun and wove and sewed with their hands only1 and all they accomplished was done at the hardest--when in our country a young girl might almost as reasonably attempt to reach the moon as to become an artist--remembering all this it seems as if an army of magicians must incessantly have waved their wands above us1 and that human brains and hands could not have invented and put in operation the innumerable changes in our daily life during the last half-century4 ,when1 in the same way1 we review the changes that have taken place in the domains of science1 in scholarly research in all directions1 in printing1 bookmaking1 and the methods of illustrating everything that is printed--from the most serious and learned writing to advertisements scattered over all-out-of-doors--when we add to these the revolutions in many other departments of life and industry1 we must regard the nineteenth as the century par excellence of expansion1 and in various directions an epoch-making era4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when we turn to our special subject we find an activity and expansion in nineteenth-century art quite in accordance with the spirit of the time4 ,this expansion is especially noticeable in the increased number of subjects represented in works of art1 and in the invention of new methods of artistic expression4 ,prior to this period there had been a certain selection of such subjects for artistic representation as could be called picturesque1 and though more ordinary and commonplace subjects might be rendered with such skill--such drawing1 color1 and technique--as to demand approbation1 it was given with a certain condescension and the feeling was manifested that these subjects1 though treated with consummate art1 were not artistic4 ,the nineteenth century has signally changed these theories4 ,nothing that makes a part in human experience is now too commonplace or too unusual and mysterious to afford inspiration to painter and sculptor2 while the normal characteristics of human beings and the circumstances common to their lives are not omitted1 the artist frequently endeavors to express in his work the most subtle experiences of the heart and soul1 and to embody in his picture or statue an absolutely psychologic phenomenon4 ,the present easy communication with all nations has awakened interest in the life of countries almost unknown to us a half-century ago4 ,so customary is it for artists to wander far and wide1 seeking new motives for their works1 that ,i felt no surprise when ,i recently received a letter from a young ,american woman who is living and painting in ,biskra4 ,how short a time has passed since this would have been thought impossible6 ,it is also true that subjects not new in art are treated in a nineteenth-century manner4 ,this is noticeable in the picturing of historical subjects4 ,the more intimate knowledge of the world enables the historical painter of the present to impart to his representations of the important events of the past a more human and emotional element than exists in the historical art of earlier centuries4 ,in a word1 nineteenth-century art is sympathetic1 and has found inspiration in all countries and classes and has so treated its subjects as to be intelligible to all1 from the favored children for whom ,kate ,greenaway1 ,walter ,crane1 and many others have spent their delightful talents1 to men and women of all varieties of individual tastes and of all degrees of ability to comprehend and appreciate artistic representations4 ,a fuller acquaintance with the art and art-methods of countries of which but little had before been known has been an element in art expansion4 ,technical methods which have not been absolutely adopted by ,european and ,english-speaking artists have yet had an influence upon their art4 ,the interest in ,japanese ,art is the most important example of such influence1 and it is also true that ,japanese artists have been attracted to the study of the art of ,america and ,europe1 while some foreign artists resident in ,japan--notably ,miss ,helen ,hyde1 a young ,american--have studied and practised ,japanese painting to such purpose that ,japanese juries have accorded the greatest excellence and its honors to their works1 exhibited in competition with native artists4 ,other factors in the expansion of art have been found in photography and the various new methods of illustration that have filled books1 magazines1 and newspapers with pictures of more or less 787 merit4 ,even the painting of posters has not been scorned by good artists1 some of whom have treated them in such a manner as to make them worthy a place in museums where only works of true merit are exhibited4 ,other elements in the nineteenth-century expansion in art are seen in the improved productions of the so-called ,arts and ,crafts which are of inestimable value in cultivating the artistic sense in all classes4 ,another influence in the same direction is the improved decoration of porcelain1 majolica1 and pottery1 which1 while not equal to that of earlier date in the esteem of connoisseurs1 brings artistic objects to the sight and knowledge of all1 at prices suited to moderate means4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in ,america the unparalleled increase of ,free ,libraries has brought1 not books alone1 but collections of photographs and other reproductions of the best ,painting1 ,sculpture1 and ,architecture in the world1 as well as medals1 book-plates1 artistic bindings1 etc41 within reach of students of art4 ,art ,academies and ,museums have also been greatly multiplied4 ,it is often a surprise to find1 in a comparatively small town1 a fine ,art ,gallery1 rich in a variety of precious objects4 ,such an one is the ,art ,museum of ,bowdoin ,college1 in ,brunswick1 ,me4 ,the edifice itself is the most beautiful of the works by ,mc,kim that ,i have seen4 ,the frescoes by ,la ,farge and ,vedder are most satisfactory1 and one exhibit1 among many of interest--that of original drawings by famous ,old ,masters--would make this ,museum a worthy place of pilgrimage4 ,can one doubt that such a ,museum must be an element of artistic development in those who are in contact with it8 ,i cannot omit saying that this splendid monument to the appreciation of art and to great generosity was the gift of women1 while the artists who perfected its architecture and decorations are ,americans2 it is an impressive expression of the expansion of ,american ,art in the nineteenth century4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the advantages for the study of ,art have been largely improved and increased in this period4 ,in numberless studios small classes of pupils are received2 in schools of ,design1 schools of ,national ,academies1 and in those of individual enterprise1 all possible advantages for study under the direction of the best artists are provided1 and these are supplemented by scholarships which relieve the student of limited means from providing for daily needs4 ,all these opportunities are shared by men and women alike4 ,every advantage is as freely at the command of one as of the other1 and we equal1 in this regard1 the centuries of the ,renaissance1 when women were ,artists1 ,students1 and ,professors of ,letters and of ,law1 filling these positions with honor1 as women do in these days4 ,in #ahei ,t4 ,adolphus ,trollope1 in his ,decade of ,italian ,women1 in which he wrote of the scholarly women of the ,renaissance1 says3 ,the degree in which any social system has succeeded in ascertaining woman's proper position1 and in putting her into it1 will be a very accurate test of the progress it has made in civilization4 ,and the very general and growing conviction that our own social arrangements1 as they exist at present1 have not attained any satisfactory measure of success in this respect1 would seem1 therefore1 to indicate that ,england in her nineteenth century has not yet reached years of discretion after all4 ,speaking of ,elisabetta ,sirani he says3 ,the humbly born artist1 admirable for her successful combination in perfect compatibility of all the duties of home and studio4 ,of how many woman artists we can now say this4 ,trollope's estimate of the position of women in ,england1 which was not unlike that in ,america1 forty-five years ago1 when contrasted with that of the present day1 affords another striking example of the expansion of the nineteenth century4 99 99 99 99 99 ,although no important changes occur without some preparation1 this may be so gradual and unobtrusive in its work that the result appears to have a ,minerva-like birth4 ,doubtless there were influences leading up to the remarkable landscape painting of this century4 ,the ,norwich ,school1 which took shape in #ahje1 was founded by ,crome1 among whose associates were ,cotman1 ,stark1 and ,vincent4 ,crome exhibited his works at the ,royal ,academy in #ahjf1 and the twelve following years1 and died in #ahba when the pictures of ,constable were attracting unusual attention2 indeed1 it may be said that by his exhibitions at the ,royal ,academy1 ,constable inaugurated modern landscape painting1 which is a most important feature of art in this century4 ,not forgetting the splendid landscapes of the ,dutch masters1 of the early ,italians1 of ,claude and ,wilson1 the claim that landscape painting was perfected only in the nineteenth century1 and then largely as the result of the works of ,english artists1 seems to me to be well founded4 ,to this excellence ,turner1 contemporary with ,constable1 ,david ,cox1 ,de ,wint1 ,bonington1 and numerous others gloriously contributed4 ,the ,english landscapes exhibited at the ,french ,salon in the third decade of the century produced a remarkable effect1 and emphasized the interest in landscape painting already growing in ,france1 and later so splendidly developed by ,rousseau1 ,corot1 ,millet1 and their celebrated contemporaries4 ,in ,germany the ,achenbachs1 ,lessing1 and many other artists were active in this movement1 while in ,america1 ,innes1 ,a4 ,h4 ,wyant1 and ,homer ,martin1 with numerous followers1 were raising landscape art to an eminence before unknown4 ,formerly landscapes had been used as backgrounds1 oftentimes attractive and beautiful1 while the real purpose of the pictures centred in the human figures4 ,the distinctive feature of nineteenth-century landscape is the representation of ,nature alone1 and the variety of method used and the differing aims of the artists cover the entire gamut between absolute ,realism and the most pronounced ,impressionism4 99 99 99 99 99 ,about the middle of the century there emerged from the older schools two others which may be called the ,realist and ,idealist1 and indeed there were those to whom both these terms could be applied1 both methods being united in their remarkable works4 ,of the ,realists ,corot and ,courbet are distinguished1 as were ,puvis de ,chavannes and ,gustave ,moreau among the ,idealists4 ,millet1 with his marvellous power of observation1 painted his landscapes with the fidelity of his school in that art1 and so keenly realized the religious element in the peasant life about him--the poetry of these people--that he portrayed his figures in a manner quite his own--at the same time realistic and full of idealism4 ,mac,coll in his ,nineteenth-,century ,art called ,millet the most religious figure in modern art after ,rembrandt1 and adds that he discovered a patience of beauty1 a reconciling1 in the concert of landscape mystery with labor4 ,shall we call ,bastien ,lepage a follower of ,millet1 or say that in these men there was a unity of spirit2 that while they realized the poetry of their subjects intensely1 they fully estimated the reality as well8 ,the ,joan of ,arc is a phenomenal example of this art4 ,the landscape is carefully realistic1 and like that in which a ,french peasant girl of any period would live4 ,but here realism ceases and the peasant girl becomes a supremely exalted being1 entranced by a vision of herself in full armor4 ,this art1 at once realistic and idealistic1 is an achievement of the nineteenth century--so clear and straightforward in its methods as to explain itself far better than words can explain it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,contemporary with these last-named artists were the ,pre-raphaelites4 ,the centre of this school was called the ,brotherhood1 which was founded by ,j4 ,e4 ,millais1 ,w4 ,holman ,hunt1 ,dante ,gabriel ,rossetti1 and ,william ,michael ,rossetti4 ,to these were added ,thomas ,woolner the sculptor1 ,james ,collins1 and ,f4 ,g4 ,stephens4 ,other important artists known as ,pre-raphaelites1 not belonging to the ,brotherhood1 are ,ford ,madox ,brown and ,burne ,jones1 as well as the water-color painters1 ,mason1 ,walker1 ,boyce1 and ,goodwin4 ,the aim of these artists was to represent with sincerity what they saw1 and the simple sincerity of painters who preceded ,raphael led them to choose a name which ,ruskin called unfortunate1 because the principles on which its members are working are neither pre- nor post-,raphaelite1 but everlasting4 ,they are endeavoring to paint with the highest possible degree of completion what they see in nature1 without reference to conventional established rules2 but by no means to imitate the style of any past epoch4 ,to paint ,nature--,nature as it was around them1 by the help of modern science1 was the aim of the ,brotherhood4 ,at the time when the ,pre-raphaelite ,school came into being the art of other lands as well as that of ,england was in need of an awakening impulse1 and the ,pre-raphaelite revolt against conventionality and the machine-like art of the period roused such interest1 criticism1 and opposition as to stimulate ,english art to new effort1 and much of its progress in the last half-century is doubtless due to the discussions of the theories of this movement as well as of the works it produced4 ,pre-raphaelitism1 scorned and ridiculed in its beginning1 came to be appreciated in a degree that at first seemed impossible1 and though its apostles were few1 its influence was important4 ,the words of ,burne ,jones1 in which he gave his own ideal1 appeal to many artists and lovers of art3 ,i mean by a picture a beautiful1 romantic dream of something that never was1 never will be--in a light better than any light that ever shone--in a land no one can define or remember1 only desire--and the forms divinely beautiful4 ,rossetti's ,girlhood of ,virgin ,mary1 ,holman ,hunt's ,light of the ,world1 and ,millais' ,christ in the ,house of ,his ,parents have been called the ,trilogy of ,pre-raphaelite ,art4 ,millais did not long remain a strict disciple of this school1 but soon adopted the fuller freedom of his later work1 which may be called that of modern naturalism4 ,rossetti remained a ,pre-raphaelite through his short life1 but his works could not be other than individual1 and their distinct personality almost forbade his being considered a disciple of any school4 ,holman ,hunt may be called the one persistent follower of this cult4 ,he has consistently embodied his convictions in his pictures1 the value of which to ,english art cannot yet be determined4 ,this is also true of the marvellous work of ,burne ,jones2 but although they have but few faithful followers1 ,pre-raphaelite art no longer needs defence nor apology4 ,its secondary effect is far-reaching4 ,to it may be largely attributed the more earnest study of ,nature as well as the simplicity of treatment and lack of conventionality which now characterizes ,english art to an extent before unknown4 99 99 99 99 99 ,impressionism is the most distinctive feature of nineteenth-century art1 and is too large a subject to be treated in an introduction--any proper consideration of it demands a volume4 ,the entire execution of a picture out-of-doors was sometimes practised by ,constable1 more frequently by ,turner1 and some of the peculiarities of the ,french impressionist artists were shared by the ,english landscape painters of the early part of the century4 ,while no one could dream of calling ,constable an impressionist1 it is interesting to recall the reception of his ,opening of ,waterloo ,bridge4 ,ridiculed in ,london1 it was accepted in ,paris1 and is now honored at the ,royal ,academy4 ,this picture was covered with pure white1 in impasto1 a method dear to impressionists4 ,was ,constable in advance of his critics8 is a question that comes involuntarily to mind as we read the life of this artist1 and recall the excitement which the exhibition of his works caused at the ,salon of #ahbd1 and the interest they aroused in ,delacroix and other ,french painters4 ,the word ,impressionism calls to mind the names of ,manet1 ,monet1 ,pissaro1 ,mme4 ,berthe ,morisot1 ,paul ,czanne1 ,whistler1 ,sargent1 ,hassam1 and many others4 ,impressionists exhibited their pictures in ,paris as early as #ahgd2 not until #ahgh were they seen to advantage in ,london1 when ,whistler exhibited in the ,grosvenor ,gallery2 and the ,new ,english ,art ,club1 founded in #ahhe1 was the outcome of the need of this school to be better represented in its special exhibitions than was possible in other galleries4 ,in a comprehensive sense ,impressionism includes all artists who represent their subjects with breadth and collectiveness rather than in detail--in the way in which we see a view at the first glance1 before we have time to apprehend its minor parts4 ,the advocates of impressionism now claim that it is the most reformatory movement in modern painting2 it is undeniably in full accord with the spirit of the time in putting aside older methods and conventions and introducing a new manner of seeing and representing ,nature4 ,the differing phases of ,painting in the nineteenth century have had their effect upon that art as a whole4 ,each one has been important1 not only in the country of its special development1 but in other lands1 each distinctive quality being modified by individual and national characteristics4 99 99 99 99 99 ,in the early decades of the past century ,sculpture was classic and conventional rather than natural and sincere4 ,a revolt against these conditions produced such artists as ,rodin1 ,st4 ,gaudens1 ,mac,monnies1 and many less famous men who have put life1 spirit1 and nature into their art4 ,in ,sculpture as in ,painting many more subjects are treated than were formerly thought suited to representation in marble and bronze1 and a large proportion of these recent motifs demand a broad method of treatment--a manner often called unfinished by those who approve only the smooth polish of an antique ,venus1 and would limit sculpture to the narrow class of subjects with which this smoothness harmonizes4 ,the best sculptors of the present treat the minor details of their subjects in a sketchy1 or1 as some critics contend1 in a rough imperfect manner1 while others find that this treatment of detail1 combined with a careful1 comprehensive treatment of the important parts1 emphasizes the meaning and imparts strength to the whole1 as no smoothness can do4 ,although the highest possibilities in sculpture may not yet be reached1 it is animated with new spirit of life and nature4 ,nineteenth-century aims and modes of expression have greatly enlarged its province4 ,like ,painting1 ,sculpture has become democratic4 ,it glorifies ,labor and all that is comprised in the term common1 every-day life1 while it also commemorates noble and useful deeds with genuine sympathy and an intelligent appreciation of the best to which humanity attains2 at the same time poetical fancies1 myths1 and legends are not neglected1 but are rendered with all possible delicacy and tenderness4 ,at present a great number of women are sculptors4 ,the important commissions which are given them in connection with the great expositions of the time--the execution of memorial statues and monuments1 fountains1 and various other works which is confided to them1 testifies to their excellence in their art with an emphasis beyond that of words4 99 99 99 99 99 ,want of space forbids any special mention of etching1 metal work1 enamelling1 designing1 and decorative work in many directions in which women in great numbers are engaged2 indeed1 in what direction can we look in which women are not employed--,i believe ,i may say by thousands--in all the minor arts8 ,between the multitude that pursue the ,fine ,arts and kindred branches for a maintenance--and are rarely heard of--and those fortunate ones who are commissioned to execute important works1 there is an enormous middle class4 ,paris is their ,mecca1 but they are known in all art centres1 and it is by no means unusual for an artist to study under ,dutch1 ,german1 and ,italian masters1 as well as ,french4 ,the present method of study in ,paris--in such academies as that of ,julian and the ,colarossi--secures to the student the criticism and advice of the best artists of the day1 while in summer--in the country and by the sea--there are artistic colonies in which students lead a delightful life1 still profiting by the instruction of eminent masters4 ,year by year the opportunities for art-study by women have been increased until they are welcome in the schools of the world1 with rare exceptions4 ,the highest goal seems to have been reached by their admission to the competition for the ,grand prix de ,rome conferred by l'cole des ,beaux ,arts4 ,i regret that the advantages of the ,american ,art ,academy in ,rome are not open to women4 ,the fact that for centuries women have been members and professors in the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke1 and in view of the recent action of l'cole des ,beaux ,arts1 this narrowness of the ,american ,academy in the ,eternal ,city is especially pronounced4 ,one can but approve the encouragement afforded women artists in ,france1 by the generosity with which their excellence is recognized4 ,to be an officer in the ,french ,academy is an honor surpassed in ,france by that of the ,legion of ,honor only4 ,within a twelvemonth two hundred and seventy-five women have been thus distinguished1 twenty-eight of them being painters and designers4 ,from this famous ,academy down1 through the ,international ,expositions1 the ,salons1 and the numberless exhibitions in various countries1 a large proportion of medals and other honors are conferred on women1 who1 having now been accorded all privileges necessary for the pursuit of art and for its recompense1 will surely prove that they richly merit every good that can be shared with them4 b,,aarestrup1 ,,marie ,,helene4_/b ,born at ,flekkefjord1 ,norway1 #ahbi4 ,she made her studies in ,bergen1 under ,reusch2 under ,tessier in ,paris2 and ,vautier in ,dsseldorf4 ,she excelled in genre and portrait painting4 ,her ,playing ,child and ,shepherd ,boy are in the ,art ,union in ,christiania2 the ,interior of ,hotel ,cluny and a ,flower ,girl are in the ,museum at ,gottenburg4 b,,abbatt1 ,,agnes ,,dean4_/b ,bronze medal1 ,cooper ,union2 silver medal1 ,massachusetts ,charitable ,mechanics' ,association4 ,member of ,american ,water ,color ,society4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,abbema1 ,,mme4 ,,louise4_/b ,officer of the ,mrite des ,arts2 honorable mention1 ,salon of #ahha2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 ,hors ,concours1 #aijc1 at ,exposition of ,limoges4 ,born at tampes1 #aheh4 ,pupil of ,chaplin1 ,henner1 and ,carolus-,duran4 ,she exhibited a ,portrait of ,sarah ,bernhardt1 #ahgf2 ,the ,seasons1 #ahhc2 ,portrait of ,m4 ,abbema1 #ahhg2 ,among the ,flowers1 #ahic2 ,an ,april ,morning1 #ahid2 ,winter1 #ahie1 etc4 ,this artist has also executed numerous decorations for ceilings and decorative panels for private houses4 ,her picture of ,breakfast in the ,conservatory is in the ,museum of ,pau4 ,mme4 ,abbema illustrated ,la ,mer1 by ,maizeroy1 and has contributed to the ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts and several other ,parisian publications4 ,at the ,salon of the ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 she exhibited the ,portrait of ,pierre1 and in #aijc a portrait of the ,countess ,p4 ,s4 ,mme4 ,abbema wears her hair short1 and affects such absolute simplicity in her costume that at first sight she reminds one of a charming young man4 ,in no other direction1 however1 is there a masculine touch about this delightful artist4 ,she has feminine grace1 a love for poetry1 a passion for flowers1 which she often introduces in her pictures2 she has1 in short1 a truly womanly character1 which appears in the refinement and attractiveness of her work4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,abbott1 ,,katherine ,g4_/b ,bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 honorable mention1 ,buffalo ,exposition1 #aija4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,achille-,,fould1 ,,mlle4 ,,georges4_/b ,medal1 third class1 ,versailles1 #ahhh2 honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahid2 medal1 third class1 #ahie2 medal1 second class1 #ahig2 ,hors ,concours2 bronze medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,officer of ,public ,instruction2 member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais4 ,born at ,asnires 7,seine74 ,pupil of ,cabanel1 ,antoine ,vollon1 and ,lon ,comerre4 ,a painter of figure subjects and portraits4 ,several of her works are in private collections in the ,united ,states4 ,among these are the ,flower-,seller1 the ,knife-,grinder1 ,m4 de ,richelieu's ,love ,knots1 exhibited in the ,salon of #aijb1 and ,going to ,school4 ,the ,dull ,season is in ,london2 ,cinderella and many others in ,paris4 ,this artist1 when still in short skirts1 sent her first picture1 ,in the ,market ,place1 to the ,salon of #ahhd4 ,she is most industrious1 and her history1 as she herself insists1 is in her pictures4 ,she has been surrounded by a sympathetic and artistic atmosphere4 ,her mother was an art critic1 who1 before her second marriage to ,prince ,stirberg1 signed her articles ,gustave ,haller4 ,her home1 the ,chteau de ,bcon1 is an ideal home for an artist1 and one can well understand her distaste for realism and the professional model4 ,m4 de ,richelieu's ,love ,knots is very attractive and was one of the successes of #aijb4 ,he is a fine gentleman to whom a bevy of young girls is devoted1 tying his ribbons1 and evidently admiring him and his exquisite costume4 ,the girls are smiling and much amused1 while the young man has an air of immense satisfaction4 ,at the ,salon of #aijc ,mlle4 ,fould exhibited ,la ,chatouilleuse--,tickling--and ,nasturtiums4 ,the first shows a young woman seated1 wearing a dcollet gown1 while a mischievous companion steals up behind and tickles her neck with a twig4 ,it is less attractive than many of this artist's pictures4 ,in #ahij ,mlle4 ,fould painted a portrait of her stepfather1 and for a time devoted herself to portraits rather than to the subjects she had before studied with such success4 ,in #ahic she painted a portrait of ,rosa ,bonheur1 in her studio1 while the latter paused from her work on a large picture of lions4 ,this portrait presents the great animal painter in a calm1 thoughtful mood1 in the midst of her studio1 surrounded by sketches and all the accessories of her work4 ,in the opinion of many who knew the great artist most intimately this is the best portrait of her in existence4 ,mlle4 ,fould1 at different periods1 has painted legendary subjects1 at other times religious pictures1 but in my judgment the last were the least successful of her works4 ,her ,cinderella is delightful2 the two ,merry ,wives of ,windsor1 sitting on the basket in which ,falstaff is hidden1 and from which he is pushing out a hand1 is an excellent illustration of this ever-amusing story1 and1 indeed1 all her pictures of this class may well be praised4 ,to the ,exposition of #aijj she sent an allegorical picture1 called ,the ,gold ,mine4 ,a young woman in gold drapery drops gold coins from her hands4 ,in the background is the entrance to a mine1 lighted dimly by a miner's lamp1 while a pickaxe lies at the feet of the woman2 this picture was accorded a bronze medal4 b,,adam1 ,,mme4 ,,nanny4_/b ,first prize from the ,union of ,women ,painters and ,sculptors1 ,paris4 ,medal from the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 and honors in many other cities4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais4 ,born at ,crest 7,drme74 ,her studies were made under ,jean ,paul ,laurens4 ,her pictures called ,calme du ,soir and ,le ,soir aux ,martignes are in private collections4 ,les ,remparts de la ,ville ,close1 ,concarneau1 exhibited at the ,salon ,artistes ,franais in #aijb1 was purchased by the ,french ,government4 ,in #aijc she exhibited ,june ,twilight1 ,venice1 and ,morning ,fog1 ,holland4 b,,adelsparre1 ,,sophie ,,albertine4_/b ,born in ,oland #ahjh-fb4 ,in ,stockholm she received instruction from the sculptor ,ovarnstrm and the painter ,ekman2 after her father's death she went to ,paris and entered the atelier of ,cogniet1 and later did some work under the direction of her countrymen ,wickenberg and ,wahlbom4 ,she had1 at this time1 already made herself known through her copies of some of the ,italian masters and ,murillo4 ,her copy of the ,sistine ,madonna was placed by ,queen ,josephine in the ,catholic church at ,christiania4 ,after her return from ,dresden where she went from ,paris1 she painted portraits of ,king ,oscar and ,queen ,josephine4 ,in #ahea1 having received a government scholarship1 she went to ,munich1 ,bologna1 and ,florence1 and lived three years and a half in ,rome1 where she was associated with ,fogelberg1 ,overbeck1 and ,schnetz1 and became a ,catholic4 ,during this time she copied ,raphael's ,transfiguration1 now in the ,catholic church at ,stockholm1 and painted from life a portrait of ,pius ,,ix4 for the castle at ,drottningholm4 ,she also painted a ,roman ,dancing ,girl and a ,beggar ,girl of ,terracina4 b,,ahrens1 ,,ellen ,,wetherald4_/b ,second ,toppan prize1 ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts4 ,second prize and silver medal1 ,carnegie ,institute1 ,pittsburg1 #aijb4 ,member of the ,pennsylvania ,academy1 the ,plastic ,club1 and the ,pennsylvania ,society of ,miniature ,painters4 ,born in ,baltimore4 ,studied at ,boston ,museum of ,fine ,arts under ,grundmann1 ,champney1 and ,stone2 ,pennsylvania ,academy under ,thomas ,eakins2 ,drexel ,institute under ,howard ,pyle4 ,many of her portraits are in private hands4 ,that called ,sewing1 a prize picture1 will be in the ,st4 ,louis ,exhibition4 ,her portrait of ,mr4 ,ellwood ,johnson is in the ,pennsylvania ,academy4 ,that of ,mary ,ballard--a miniature--was solicited for exhibition by the ,copley ,society1 ,boston4 ,miss ,ahrens is also favorably known as a designer for stained-glass windows4 b,,alcott1 ,,may--,,mme4 ,,nieriker4_/b ,born in ,concord1 ,massachusetts1 #ahdj-gi4 ,a sister of the well-known author1 ,louisa ,m4 ,alcott4 ,this artist studied in the ,boston ,school of ,design1 in ,krug's ,studio1 ,paris1 and under ,mller4 ,she made wonderful copies of ,turner's pictures1 both in oil and water colors1 which were greatly praised by ,ruskin and were used in the ,south ,kensington ,art ,schools for the pupils to copy4 ,her still-life and flower pictures are in private collections and much valued4 ,she exhibited at the ,paris ,salon and in the ,dudley ,gallery1 ,london1 and1 student as she still was1 her works were approved by art critics on both sides of the ,atlantic1 and a brilliant future as an artist was foretold for her4 ,her married life was short1 and her death sincerely mourned by a large circle of friends1 as well as by the members of her profession who appreciated her artistic genius and her enthusiasm for her work4 b,,alexander1 ,,francesca4_/b ,born in ,florence1 ,italy4 ,daughter of the portrait painter1 ,francis ,alexander4 ,her pen-and-ink drawing is her best work4 ,the exquisite conceits in her illustrations were charmingly rendered by the delicacy of her work4 ,she thus illustrated an unpublished ,italian legend1 writing the text also4 ,mr4 ,ruskin edited her ,story of ,ida and brought out ,roadside ,songs of ,tuscany1 collected1 translated1 and illustrated by this artist4 ,a larger collection of these songs1 with illustrations1 was published by ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 entitled ,tuscan ,songs4 b,,alippi-,,fabretti1 ,,quirina4_/b ,silver medal at ,perugia in #ahgi2 honorary member of the ,royal ,academy in ,urbino and of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts in ,perugia4 ,born in ,urbino1 #ahdi4 ,she was the daughter of the jurisconsult ,luigi ,alippi4 ,she studied drawing and painting in ,rome with ,ortis and ,de ,sanctis4 ,following her father to ,perugia in #ahgd1 whither he had been called to the ,court of ,appeals1 she continued her study under ,moretti4 ,she married ,ferdinando ,fabretti in #ahgg4 ,she made admirable copies of some of the best pictures in ,perugia1 notably ,perugino's ,presepio for a church in ,mount ,lebanon1 ,syria4 ,she was also commissioned to paint an altar-piece1 representing ,st4 ,stephen1 for the same church4 ,her interiors are admirable4 ,she exhibited an ,interior of the ,great ,hall of the ,exchange of ,perugia in #ahhd1 at ,turin4 ,she painted two interior views of the church of ,san ,giovanni del ,cambio in ,perugia1 and an interior of the vestibule of the ,confraternity of ,st4 ,francis4 ,her other works1 besides portraits1 include an ,odalisk1 an ,old ,woman ,fortune-teller1 and a ,st4 ,catherine4 b,,allingham1 ,,helen4_/b ,honorable mention at ,paris ,exhibition1 #aijj2 silver medal from ,brussels ,exhibition1 #aija2 bronze medal from the ,columbian ,exhibition1 ,chicago4 ,member of the ,royal ,society of ,painters in ,water ,colors1 ,london4 ,born near ,burton-on-,trent1 #ahdh4 ,began the study of art at fourteen1 in ,birmingham ,school of ,art1 where she remained about five years1 when she entered the schools of the ,royal ,academy1 where instruction is given by the ,royal ,academicians in turn4 ,in #ahfh she went to ,italy4 ,her first exhibition at the ,royal ,academy occurred in #ahgd1 under the name ,helen ,patterson2 her pictures were ,wait for ,me and ,the ,milkmaid4 ,since that time ,mrs4 ,allingham has constantly exhibited at the ,academy and many other exhibitions4 ,her pictures are of genre subjects1 chiefly from ,english rural life and landscapes4 ,she has also been successful as an illustrator for the ,graphic1 the ,cornhill ,magazine1 and other publications4 ,her water-color portraits of ,carlyle in his later years are well known4 ,she introduced his cat ,tib into a portrait taken in his ,chelsea garden4 ,among her most ambitious works are the ,young ,customers1 the ,old ,men's ,garden1 ,chelsea ,hospital1 the ,lady of the ,manor1 ,confidences1 ,london ,flowers1 and others of kindred motives4 ,the ,young ,customers1 water-color1 was exhibited at ,paris in #ahgh4 ,when seen at the ,academy in #ahge1 ,ruskin wrote of it3 ,it happens curiously that the only drawing of which the memory remains with me as a possession out of the ,old ,water-,color ,exhibition of this year--,mrs4 ,allingham's ',young ,customers'--should be not only by an accomplished designer of woodcuts1 but itself the illustration of a popular story4 ,the drawing with whatever temporary purpose executed1 is forever lovely2 a thing which ,i believe ,gainsborough would have given one of his own paintings for--old-fashioned as red-tipped dresses are1 and more precious than rubies4--,notes of the ,academy1 #ahge4 b,,alma-,,tadema1 ,,lady ,,laura ,,therese4_/b ,gold medal at ,international ,art ,exhibition1 ,berlin1 #ahgf2 medal at ,chicago1 #ahic2 second-class medal at ,paris ,exhibition1 #aijj4 ,born in ,london4 ,from early childhood this artist was fond of drawing and had the usual drawing-class lessons at school and also drew from the antique in the ,british ,museum4 ,her serious study1 however1 began at the age of eighteen1 under the direction of ,laurenz ,alma-,tadema4 ,her pictures are principally of domestic scenes1 child-life1 and other genre subjects4 ,battledore and ,shuttlecock is an interior1 with a graceful girl playing the game1 to the amusement of a young child sitting on a nurse's lap4 ,the room is attractive1 the accessories well painted1 and a second girl just coming through the door and turning her eyes up to the shuttlecock is an interesting figure4 ,of quite a different character is the picture called ,in ,winter4 ,the landscape is very attractive4 ,in a sled1 well wrapped up1 is a little girl1 with a doll on her lap2 the older boy--brother8--who pushes the sled from behind1 leaning over the child1 does his part with a will1 and the dignified and serious expression on the face of the little girl in the sled indicates her sense of responsibility in the care of the doll as well as a feeling of deep satisfaction in her enjoyable outing4 ,among the more important pictures by ,lady ,alma-,tadema are ,hush-a-,bye1 ,parting1 in the ,art ,gallery at ,adelaide1 ,new ,south ,wales1 ,silent ,persuasion1 ,the ,carol1 and ,satisfaction4 ,her picture in the ,academy ,exhibition1 #aijc1 a ,dutch interior with a young mother nursing ,the ,firstborn1 was much admired and was in harmony with the verse1 ,lie on mother's knee1 my own1 ,dance your heels about me6 ,apples leave the tree1 my own4 ,soon you'll live without me4 b,,amen1 ,,madame ,j4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris1 #aija4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,anguisciola1 ,,lucia4_/b ,a pupil of her sister ,sofonisba1 painted a life-size portrait of ,piermaria1 a physician of ,cremona4 ,it is in the gallery of the ,prado1 ,madrid1 and is signed1 ,lucia ,angvisola ,amilcares4 ,f4 ,adolescens4 ,lucia's portrait of her sister ,europa is at ,brescia4 ,some authorities believe that the small portrait in the ,borghese ,gallery is by ,lucia1 although it has been attributed to ,sofonisba4 ,vasari relates that ,europa and a younger sister1 ,anna ,maria1 were artists4 ,a picture of the ,holy ,family1 inscribed with ,europa's name1 was formerly in the possession of a vicar of the church of ,san ,pietro2 it was of far less merit than the works of her sisters4 b,,anguisciola1 ,,sofonisba4_/b ,born in ,cremona1 about #aeci4 ,daughter of the patrician1 ,amilcare ,anguisciola1 whose only fame rests on the fact that he was the father of six daughters1 all of whom were distinguished by unusual talents in music and painting4 ,dear old ,vasari was so charmed by his visit to their palace that he pronounced it the very home of painting and of all other accomplishments4 ,sofonisba was the second daughter4 ,the actual date of her birth is unknown1 but from various other dates that we have concerning her1 that given above is generally adopted4 ,she was educated with great care and began her study of drawing and painting when but seven years old1 under the care of ,bernardino ,campi1 the best artist of the five ,campi of ,cremona4 ,later she was a pupil of ,bernardino ,gatti1 il ,sojaro1 and in turn she superintended the artistic studies of her sisters4 ,sofonisba excelled in portraits1 and when twenty-four years old was known all over ,italy as a good artist4 ,her extraordinary proficiency at an early age is proved by a picture in the ,yarborough collection1 ,london--a portrait of a man1 signed1 and dated #aeea1 when she was not more than twelve years old4 ,when presented at the court of ,milan1 then under ,spanish rule1 ,sofonisba was brought to the notice of ,philip ,,ii41 who1 through his ambassador1 invited her to fill the office of court painter at ,madrid4 ,flattering as this invitation must have been to the artist and her family1 it is not surprising that she hesitated and required time for consideration of this honorable proposal4 ,the reputation of the ceremonious ,spanish court1 under its gloomy and exacting sovereign1 was not attractive to a young woman already surrounded by devoted admirers1 to one of whom she had given her heart4 ,the separation from her family1 too1 and the long1 fatiguing journey to ,spain1 were objections not easily overcome1 and her final acceptance of the proposal was a proof of her energy and strength of purpose4 ,her journey was made in #aefj and was conducted with all possible care for her comfort4 ,she was attended by two noble ladies as maids of honor1 two chamberlains1 and six servants in livery--in truth1 her mode of travelling differed but little from that of the young ladies of the royal family4 ,as she entered ,madrid she was received by the king and queen1 and by them conducted to the royal palace4 ,we can imagine ,sofonisba's pleasure in painting the portrait of the lovely ,isabella1 and her pictures of ,philip and his family soon raised her to the very summit of popularity4 ,all the grandees of ,madrid desired to have their portraits from her hand1 and rich jewels and large sums of money were showered upon her4 ,gratifying as was her artistic success1 the affection of the queen1 which she speedily won1 was more precious to her4 ,she was soon made a lady-in-waiting to her ,majesty1 and a little later was promoted to the distinguished position of governess to the ,infanta ,clara ,eugenia4 ,that ,sofonisba fully appreciated her gentle mistress is shown in her letter to ,pope ,pius ,,iv41 who had requested her to send him a portrait of the queen4 ,she wrote that no picture could worthily figure the royal lady1 and added3 ,if it were possible to represent to your ,holiness the beauty of the ,queen's soul1 you could behold nothing more wonderful4 ,the ,pope bestowed rich gifts on ,sofonisba1 among which were sacred relics1 set with gems4 ,he also wrote an autograph letter1 still in existence1 in which he assured her that much as he admired her skill in painting1 he had been led to believe this the least of her many gifts4 ,sofonisba soon gained the approval of the serious and solemn ,king1 for while ,philip was jealous of the ,french ladies of the court and desired ,isabella to be wholly under ,spanish influence1 he proposed to the artist a marriage with one of his nobles1 by which means she would remain permanently in the ,queen's household4 ,when ,philip learned that ,sofonisba was already betrothed to ,don ,fabrizio de ,monada--a ,sicilian nobleman--in spite of his disappointment he joined ,isabella in giving her a dowry of twelve thousand crowns and a pension of one thousand4 ,it would seem that one who could so soften the heart and manners of ,philip ,,ii4 as did ,queen ,isabella1 must have had a charm of person and character that no ordinary mortal could resist4 ,one is compelled to a kindly feeling for this much-hated man1 who daily visited the ,queen when she was suffering from smallpox4 ,in her many illnesses he was tenderly devoted to her1 and when we remember the miseries of royal ladies whose children are girls1 we almost love ,philip for comforting ,isabella when her first baby was not a son4 ,philip declared himself better pleased that she had given him a daughter1 and made the declaration good by devotion to this child so long as he lived4 ,isabella1 in a letter to her mother1 wrote3 ,but for the happiness ,i have of seeing the ,king every day ,i should find this court the dullest in the world4 ,i assure you1 however1 madame1 that ,i have so kind a husband that even did ,i deem this place a hundredfold more wearisome ,i should not complain4 ,while ,sofonisba was overwhelmed with commissions in ,spain1 her sisters were far from idle in ,cremona4 ,europa sent pictures to ,madrid which were purchased for private collections1 and a picture by ,lucia is now in the ,gallery of the ,queen at ,madrid4 ,when the time for ,sofonisba's marriage came she was sorry to leave her second home1 as she called ,madrid1 and as ,don ,fabrizio lived but a short time1 the ,king urged her return to ,spain2 but her desire to be once more with her family impelled her to return to ,italy4 ,the ship on which she sailed from ,sicily was commanded by one of the ,lomellini1 a noble family of ,genoa1 with whom ,sofonisba fell so desperately in love that she offered him her hand--which1 says her biographer1 he accepted like a generous man4 ,does this mean that she had been ungenerous in depriving him of the privilege of asking for what she so freely bestowed8 ,in ,genoa she devotedly pursued her art and won new honors1 while she was not forgotten in ,madrid4 ,presents were sent her on her second marriage1 and later the ,infanta ,clara ,eugenia and other ,spaniards of exalted rank visited her in ,genoa4 ,her palace became a centre of attraction to ,genoese artists and men of letters1 while many strangers of note sought her acquaintance4 ,she contributed largely to the restoration of art and literature to the importance that had been accorded them in the most brilliant days of ,genoese power4 ,we have not space to recount all the honors conferred on ,sofonisba1 both as a woman and an artist4 ,she lived to an extreme old age1 and1 although she lost her sight1 her intellect was undimmed by time or blindness4 ,vandyck1 who was frequently her guest1 more than once declared that he was more benefited by the counsels of the blind ,sofonisba than by all his studies of the masters of his art6 ,from a pupil of ,rubens this was praise indeed6 ,the chief characteristics of ,sofonisba's painting were grace and spirit4 ,her portrait of herself when at her best is in possession of the ,lomellini4 ,a second is the splendid picture at ,althorpe1 in which she is represented as playing the harpsichord4 ,one can scarcely imagine a place in which a portrait would be more severely tested than in the gallery of the ,earl of ,spencer1 beside portraits of lovely women and famous men1 painted by master artists4 ,yet this work of ,sofonisba's is praised by discerning critics and connoisseurs4 ,of the other portraits of herself1 that in the ,uffizi is signed by her as of ,cremona1 which suggests that it was painted before she went to ,spain4 ,that in the ,vienna ,gallery is dated #aeea1 and inscribed ,sophonisba ,anguissola4 ,virgo4 ,sc4 ,ipsam ,fecit4 ,still another1 in which a man stands beside her1 is in the ,sienna ,gallery4 ,he holds a brush in his hand1 and is probably one of her masters4 ,her portrait of her sisters playing chess1 while an old duenna looks on1 was in the collection of ,lucien ,bonaparte and is said to be now in a private gallery in ,england4 ,her religious pictures are rare2 a ,marriage of ,st4 ,catherine is in the gallery at ,wilton ,house4 ,she painted several pictures of three of her sisters on one canvas2 one is in the ,national ,museum of ,berlin1 and a second1 formerly in the ,leuchtenberg ,gallery1 is in the ,hermitage at ,petersburg4 ,a small ,holy ,family1 signed and dated #aeei1 belonged to the art critic and author1 ,morelli4 ,one regrets that so remarkable a woman left no record of her unusual experiences4 ,how valuable would be the story of ,don ,carlos from so disinterested a person4 ,how interesting had she told us of the bal masqu1 given by ,isabella in the fashion of her own country1 when ,philip condescended to open the ball with the ,queen2 or of the sylvan ftes at ,aranjuez1 and of the gardens made under the direction of ,isabella4 ,of all this she has told us nothing4 ,we glean the story of her life from the works of various authors1 while her fame rests securely on her superiority in the art to which she was devoted4 b,,ancher1 ,,anna ,,kristine4_/b ,genre painter1 won high praise at ,berlin in #aijj for two pictures3 ,tischgebet1 which was masterly in its smoothness and depth of expression1 and ,eine blinde ,frau in ihrer ,stube1 in which the full sunlight streaming through the open window produced an affecting contrast4 ,she was born at ,skagen1 #ahei1 the daughter of ,erik ,brondum1 and early showed her artistic tendencies4 ,michael ,ancher 7whom she married in #ahhj7 noticed and encouraged her talent1 which was first displayed in small crayons treating pathetic or humorous subjects4 ,from #ahge-gh she studied with ,khyn1 and later more or less under the direction of her husband4 ,she has painted exclusively small pictures1 dealing with simple and natural things1 and each picture1 as a rule1 contains but a single figure4 ,she believes that a dilapidated ,skagen hovel may meet every demand of beauty4 ,maageplukkerne--,gull plucking--exhibited in #ahhc1 has been called one of the most sympathetic and unaffected pieces of genre painting ever produced by a ,danish artist4 ,an ,old ,woman of ,skagen1 ,a ,mother and ,child1 and ,coffee is ,ready were among the most attractive of her pictures of homely1 familiar ,danish life4 ,the last represents an old fisher1 who has fallen asleep on the bench by the stove1 and a young woman is waking him with the above announcement4 ,a ,funeral ,scene is in the ,copenhagen ,gallery4 ,the coffin is hung with green wreaths2 the walls of the room are red2 the people stand around with a serious air4 ,the whole story is told in a simple1 homely way4 ,in the ,history of ,modern ,painters we read3 ,all her pictures are softly tender and full of fresh light4 ,but the execution is downright and virile4 ,it is only in little touches1 in fine and delicate traits of observation which would probably have escaped a man1 that these paintings are recognized as the work of a feminine artist4 b,,antigna1 ,,mme4 ,h,l,,ne ,,marie4_/b ,born at ,melun4 ,pupil of her husband1 ,jean ,pierre ,antigna1 and of ,delacroix4 ,her best works are small genre subjects1 which are excellent and much admired by other artists4 ,in #ahgg she exhibited at the ,paris ,salon ,on n'entre pas6 and the ,new ,cider2 in #ahgf1 an ,interior at ,saint ,brieuc and ,a ,stable2 in #ahge1 ,tant va la cruche l'eau1 etc4 b,,appia1 ,,mme4 ,,th,r,,se4_/b ,member of the ,society of the ,permanente ,exposition of the ,athne1 ,geneva4 ,born at ,lausanne4 ,pupil of ,merci and ,rodin at ,paris4 ,mme4 ,appia1 before her marriage1 exhibited at the ,paris ,salon several years continuously4 ,since then she has exhibited at ,turin and ,geneva4 ,she has executed many portrait busts2 among them are those of ,m4 ,guillaume ,monod1 ,paris1 ,commander ,paul ,meiller1 and a medallion portrait of ,pre ,hyacinthe1 etc4 b,,argyll1 ,,her ,,royal ,,highness1 ,,the ,,princess ,,louise1 ,,duchess ,,of4_/b ,this artist has exhibited her work since1 #ahfh4 ,although her sketches in water-color are clever and attractive1 it is as a sculptor that her best work has been done4 ,pupil of ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,boehne1 ,r4,a41 her unusual natural talent was carefully developed under his advice1 and her unflagging industry and devotion to her work have enabled her to rival sculptors who live by their art4 ,her busts and lesser subjects are refined and delicate1 while possessing a certain individuality which this lady is known to exercise in her direction of the assistant she is forced to employ4 ,her chief attainment1 the large seated figure of ,queen ,victoria in ,kensington ,gardens1 is a work of which she may well be proud4 ,of this statue ,mr4 ,m4 ,h4 ,spielmann writes3 ,the setting up of the figure1 the arrangement of the drapery1 the modelling1 the design of the pedestal--all the parts1 in fact--are such that the statue must be added to the short list of those which are genuine embellishments to the city of ,london4 ,the ,duchess of ,argyll has been commissioned to design a statue of heroic size1 to be executed in bronze and placed in ,westminster ,abbey1 to commemorate the colonial troops who gave up their lives in ,south ,africa in the ,boer war4 b,,arnold1 ,,annie ,r4 ,,merrylees4_/b ,born at ,birkenhead4 ,a ,scotch miniature painter4 ,studied in ,edinburgh1 first in the ,school of ,art1 under ,mr4 ,hodder1 and later in the life class of ,robert ,macgregor2 afterward in ,paris under ,benjamin-,constant4 ,mrs4 ,arnold writes me that she thinks it important for miniature painters to do work in a more realistic medium occasionally1 and something of a bolder character than can be done in their specialty4 ,she never studied miniature painting1 but took it up at the request of a patroness who1 before the present fashion for this art had come about1 complained that she could find no one who painted miniatures4 ,this lady gave the artist a number of the ,girls' ,own ,journal1 containing directions for miniature painting1 after which ,mrs4 ,arnold began to work in this specialty4 ,she has painted a miniature of ,lady ,evelyn ,cavendish1 owned by the ,marquis of ,lansdowne2 others of the ,earl and ,countess of ,mar and ,kellie1 the first of which belongs to the ,royal ,scottish ,academy2 one of ,lady ,helen ,vincent1 one of the daughter of ,lionel ,phillips1 ,esquire1 and several for prominent families in ,baltimore and ,washington4 ,her work is seen in the exhibitions of the ,royal ,academy1 ,london4 ,in #aijc she exhibited miniatures of ,miss ,m4 ,l4 ,fenton1 the late ,mrs4 ,cameron ,corbett1 and the ,hon4 ,thomas ,erskine1 younger son of the ,earl of ,mar and ,kellie4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,assche1 ,,am,,lie ,,van4_/b ,portrait painter and court painter to ,queen ,louise ,marie of ,belgium4 ,she was born in #ahjd1 and was the daughter of ,henri ,jean van ,assche4 ,her first teachers were ,mlle4 ,f4 ,lagarenine and ,d' ,antissier2 she later went to ,paris1 where she spent some time as a pupil of ,millet4 ,she made her dbut at ,ghent in #ahbj1 and in ,brussels in #ahba1 with water-colors and pastels1 and some of her miniatures figured in the various exhibitions at ,brussels between #ahcj and #ahdh1 and in ,ghent between #ahce and #ahch4 ,her portraits1 which are thought to be very good likenesses1 are also admirable in color1 drawing1 and modelling2 and her portrait of ,leopold ,i41 which she painted in #ahci1 won for her the appointment at court4 b,,assche1 ,,isabel ,,catherine ,,van4_/b ,she was born at ,brussels1 #agid4 ,landscape painter4 ,she took a first prize at ,ghent in #ahbi1 and became a pupil of her uncle1 ,henri van ,assche1 who was often called the painter of waterfalls4 ,as early as #ahab and #ahac two of her water-colors were displayed in ,ghent and ,brussels respectively1 and she was represented in the exhibitions at ,ghent in #ahbf1 #ahbi1 and #ahce2 at ,brussels in #ahbg and #ahdb2 at ,antwerp in #ahcd1 #ahcg1 and #ahdj2 and at ,lttich in #ahcf4 ,her subjects were all taken from the neighborhood of ,brussels1 and one of them belongs to the royal collection in the ,pavilion at ,haarlem4 ,in #ahbh she married ,charles ,lon ,kindt4 b,,athes-,,perrelet1 ,,louise4_/b ,first prize and honorable mention1 class ,gillet and ,hbert1 #ahhh2 class ,bovy1 first prize1 #ahhi2 ,academy class1 special mention1 #ahij2 ,school of ,arts1 special mention1 hors concours1 #ahia2 also1 same year1 first prize for sculpture1 offered by the ,society of ,arts2 first prize offered by the ,secretary of the ,theatre1 #aijb4 ,member of the ,union des ,femmes and ,cercle ,artistique4 ,born at ,neuchtel4 ,studies made at ,geneva under ,mme4 ,carteret and ,mme4 ,gillet and ,professors ,hbert and ,b4 ,penn1 in drawing and painting2 ,m4 ,bovy1 in sculpture2 and of various masters in decorative work and engraving4 ,has executed statues1 busts1 medallion portraits2 has painted costumes1 according to an invention of her own1 for the ,theatre of ,geneva1 and has also made tapestries in ,new ,york4 ,all her works have been commended in the journals of ,geneva and ,new ,york4 b,,austen1 ,,winifred4_/b ,member of ,society of ,women ,artists1 ,london4 ,born at ,ramsgate4 ,pupil of ,mrs4 ,jopling-,rowe and ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,swan4 ,miss ,austen exhibits in the ,royal ,academy exhibitions2 her works are well hung--one on the line4 ,her favorite subjects are wild animals1 and she is successful in the illustration of books4 ,her pictures are in private collections4 ,at the ,royal ,academy in #aijc she exhibited ,the ,day of ,reckoning1 a wolf pursued by hunters through a forest in snow4 ,a second shows a snow scene1 with a wolf baying1 while two others are apparently listening to him4 ,while the wolf1 in nightly prowl1 bays the moon with hideous howl1 is the legend with the picture4 b,,auzon1 ,,pauline4_/b ,born in ,paris1 where she died4 #agge-ahce4 ,she was a pupil of ,regnault and excelled in portraits of women4 ,she exhibited in the ,paris ,salon from #agic1 when but eighteen years old4 ,her pictures of the ,arrival of ,marie ,louise in ,compigne and ,marie ,louise ,taking ,leave of her ,family are in the ,versailles ,gallery4 b,,babiano ,y ,,mendez ,,nu,,ez1 ,,carmen4_/b ,at the ,santiago ,exposition1 #ahge1 this artist exhibited two oil paintings and two landscapes in crayon2 at ,corua1 #ahgh1 a portrait in oil of the ,marquis de ,mendez ,nuez2 at ,pontevedra1 #ahhj1 several pen and water-color studies1 three life-size portraits in crayon1 and a work in oil1 ,a ,girl ,feeding ,chickens4 b,,baily1 ,,caroline ,a4 ,b4_/b ,gold medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 third-class medal1 ,salon1 #aija4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,baker1 ,,elizabeth ,,gowdy4_/b ,medal at ,cooper ,union4 ,member of ,boston ,art ,students' ,association and ,art ,workers' ,club for ,women1 ,new ,york4 ,born at ,xenia1 ,ohio4 ,pupil of the ,cooper ,union1 ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york ,school of ,art1 ,philadelphia ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 ,cowles ,art ,school1 ,boston2 under ,frederick ,freer1 ,william ,chase1 and ,siddons ,mowbray4 ,this artist has painted numerous portraits and has been especially successful with pictures of children4 ,she has a method of her own of which she has recently written me4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,portrait ,,elizabeth ,,gowdy ,,baker ,she claims that it is excellent for life-size portraits in water-colors4 ,the paper she uses is heavier than any made in this country1 and must be imported2 the water-colors are very strong4 ,mrs4 ,baker claims that in this method she gets the strength of oils with the daintiness of water-colors1 and that it is beautiful for women and children1 and sufficiently strong for portraits of men4 ,she rarely exhibits1 and her portraits are in private houses4 b,,bakhuyzen1 ,,juffrouw ,,gerardina ,,jacoba ,,van ,,de ,,sande4_/b ,silver medal at ,the ,hague1 #aheg2 honorary medal at ,amsterdam1 #ahfa2 another at ,the ,hague1 #ahfc2 and a medal of distinction at ,amsterdam ,colonial ,exhibition1 #ahhe4 ,daughter of the well-known animal painter4 ,from childhood she painted flowers1 and for a time this made no especial impression on her family or friends1 as it was not an uncommon occupation for girls4 ,at length her father saw that this daughter1 ,gerardina--for he had numerous daughters1 and they all desired to be artists--had talent1 and when1 in #ahej1 the ,minerva ,academy at ,groningen gave out ,roses and ,dahlias as a subject1 and offered a prize of a little more than ten dollars for the best example1 he encouraged ,gerardina to enter the contest4 ,she received the contemptible reward1 and found1 to her astonishment1 that the ,minerva ,academy considered the picture as belonging to them4 ,however1 this affair brought the name of the artist to the knowledge of the public1 and she determined to devote herself to the painting of flowers and fruit1 in which she has won unusual fame4 ,there is no sameness in her pictures1 and her subjects do not appear to be arranged--everything seems to have fallen into its place by chance and to be entirely natural4 ,gerardina ,jacoba and her brother ,julius van de ,sande ,bakhuyzen1 the landscape painter1 share one studio4 ,she paints with rapidity1 as one must in order to picture the freshness of fast-fading flowers4 ,johan ,gram writes of her3 ,if she paints a basket of peaches or plums1 they look as if just picked by the gardener and placed upon the table1 without any thought of studied effect2 some leaves covering the fruit1 others falling out of the basket in the most natural way4 ,if she paints the branch of a rose-tree1 it seems to spring from the ground with its flowers in all their luxurious wantonness1 and one can almost imagine one's self inhaling their delightful perfume4 ,this talented artist knows so well how to depict with her brush the transparency and softness of the tender1 ethereal rose1 that one may seek in vain among a crowd of artists for her equal4444 ,the paintings are all bright and sunny1 and we are filled with enthusiasm when gazing at her powerful works4 ,this artist was born in #ahbf and died in #ahie4 ,she lived and died in her family residence4 ,in #ahej1 at ,groningen1 she took for her motto1 ,be true to nature and you will produce that which is good4 ,to this she remained faithful all her days4 b,,baldwin1 ,,edith ,,ella4_/b ,born at ,worcester1 ,massachusetts4 ,studied in ,paris at ,julian ,academy1 under ,bouguereau and ,robert-,fleury2 at the ,colarossi studios under ,courtois1 also under ,julius ,rolshoven and ,mosler4 ,paints portraits and miniatures4 ,at the ,salon of the ,champ de ,mars she exhibited a portrait in pastel1 in #aija2 at exhibitions of the ,society of ,american ,artists in #ahih and #ahii she exhibited miniatures2 also pictures in oils at ,worcester1 #aijc4 b,,ball1 ,,caroline ,,peddle4_/b ,honorable mention at ,paris ,exhibition1 #aijj4 ,member of the ,guild of ,arts and ,crafts and of ,art ,students' ,league4 ,born at ,terre ,haute1 ,indiana4 ,pupil at the ,art ,students' ,league1 under ,augustus ,st4 ,gaudens and ,kenyon ,cox4 ,this sculptor exhibited at ,paris a ,bronze ,clock4 ,she designed for the ,tiffany ,glass ,company the figure of the ,young ,virgin and that of the ,christ of the ,sacred ,heart4 ,a memorial fountain at ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 a medallion portrait of ,miss ,cox of ,terre ,haute1 a monument to a child in the same city1 a ,victory in a quadriga1 seen on the ,united ,states ,building1 ,paris1 #aijj1 and also at the ,buffalo ,exhibition1 #aija1 are among her important works4 b,,ba,,uelos1 ,,antonia4_/b ,at the ,paris ,exposition of #ahgh several portraits by this artist attracted attention1 one of them being a portrait of herself4 ,at the ,exposition of #ahhj she exhibited ,a ,guitar ,player4 b,,barrantes ,,manuel ,,de ,,aragon1 ,,maria ,,del ,c,,rmen4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,san ,fernando1 ,madrid1 #ahaf4 ,this institution possesses a drawing by her of the ,virgin with the ,christ-,child and a portrait in oil of a person of the epoch of ,charles ,,iii4 b,,bashkirtseff1 ,,marie4_/b ,born in ,russia of a noble family4 #ahfj-hd4 ,this remarkable young woman is interesting in various phases of her life1 but here it is as an artist that she is to be considered4 ,her journal1 she tells us1 is absolutely truthful1 and it is but courteous to take the story of her artistic career from that4 ,she had lessons in drawing1 as many children do1 but she gives no indication of a special love for art until she visits ,florence when fourteen years old1 and her love of pictures and statues is awakened4 ,she spent hours in galleries1 never sitting down1 without fatigue1 in spite of her delicacy4 ,she says3 ,that is because the things one loves do not tire one4 ,so long as there are pictures and1 better still1 statues to be seen1 ,i am made of iron4 ,after questioning whether she dare say it1 she confides to her readers3 ,i don't like the ,madonna della ,sedia of ,raphael4 ,the countenance of the ,virgin is pale1 the color is not natural1 the expression is that of a waiting-maid rather than of a ,madonna4 ,ah1 but there is a ,magdalen of ,titian that enchanted me4 ,only--there must always be an only--her wrists are too thick and her hands are too plump--beautiful hands they would be on a woman of fifty4 ,there are things of ,rubens and ,vandyck that are ravishing4 ,the ',mensonge' of ,salvator ,rosa is very natural4 ,i do not speak as a connoisseur2 what most resembles nature pleases me most4 ,is it not the aim of painting to copy nature8 ,i like very much the full1 fresh countenance of the wife of ,paul ,veronese1 painted by him4 ,i like the style of his faces4 ,i adore ,titian and ,vandyck2 but that poor ,raphael6 ,provided only no one knows what ,i write2 people would take me for a fool2 ,i do not criticise ,raphael2 ,i do not understand him2 in time ,i shall no doubt learn to appreciate his beauties4 ,the portrait of ,pope ,leo ,x4--,i think it is--is admirable1 however4 ,a surprising critique for a girl of her age6 ,when seventeen she made her first picture of any importance4 ,while they were playing cards last night ,i made a rough sketch of the players--and this morning ,i transferred the sketch to canvas4 ,i am delighted to have made a picture of persons sitting down in different attitudes2 ,i copied the position of the hands and arms1 the expressions of the countenance1 etc4 ,i had never before done anything but heads1 which ,i was satisfied to scatter over the canvas like flowers4 ,her enthusiasm for her art constantly increased4 ,she was not willing to acknowledge her semi-invalidism and was filled with the desire to do something in art that would live after her4 ,she was opposed by her family1 who wished her to be in fashionable society4 ,at length she had her way1 and when not quite eighteen began to study regularly at the ,julian ,academy4 ,she worked eight and nine hours a day4 ,julian encouraged her1 she rejoiced in being with real artists who have exhibited in the ,salon and whose pictures are bought1 and declared herself happy1 happy6 ,before long ,m4 ,julian told her that she might become a great artist1 and the first time that ,robert-,fleury saw her work and learned how little she had studied1 and that she had never before drawn from a living model1 he said3 ,well1 then1 you have extraordinary talent for painting2 you are specially gifted1 and ,i advise you to work hard4 ,her masters always assured her of her talent1 but she was much of the time depressed4 ,she admired the work of ,mlle4 ,breslau and acknowledged herself jealous of the ,swiss artist4 ,but after a year of study she took the second prize in the ,academy1 and admitted that she ought to be content4 ,robert-,fleury took much interest in her work1 and she began to hope to equal ,breslau2 but she was as often despondent as she was happy1 which no doubt was due to her health1 for she was already stricken with the malady from which she died4 ,julian wondered why1 with her talent1 it was so difficult for her to paint2 to herself she seemed paralyzed4 ,in the autumn of #ahgi she took a studio1 and1 besides her painting1 she essayed modelling4 ,in #ahhj her portrait of her sister was exhibited at the ,salon1 and her mother and other friends were gratified by its acceptance4 ,at one time ,mlle4 ,bashkirtseff had suffered with her eyes1 and1 getting better of that1 she had an attack of deafness4 ,for these reasons she went1 in the summer of #ahhj1 to ,mont-,dore for treatment1 and was much benefited in regard to her deafness1 though not cured1 and now the condition of her lungs was recognized1 and what she had realized for some time was told to her family4 ,she suffered greatly from the restrictions of her condition4 ,she could not read very much1 as her eyes were not strong enough to read and paint2 she avoided people because of her deafness2 her cough was very tiresome and her breathing difficult4 ,at the ,salon of #ahha her picture was well hung and was praised by artists4 ,in the autumn of that year she was very ill1 but happily1 about the beginning of #ahhb1 she was much better and again enthusiastic about her painting4 ,she had been in ,spain and excited admiration in ,madrid by the excellence of her copy of ,vulcan1 by ,velasquez4 ,january #aeth she wrote3 ,i am wrapped up in my art4 ,i think ,i caught the sacred fire in ,spain at the same time that ,i caught the pleurisy4 ,from being a student ,i now begin to be an artist4 ,this sudden influx of power puts me beside myself with joy4 ,i sketch future pictures2 ,i dream of painting an ,ophelia4 ,potain has promised to take me to ,saint-,anne to study faces of the mad women there1 and then ,i am full of the idea of painting an old man1 an ,arab1 sitting down singing to the accompaniment of a kind of guitar2 and ,i am thinking also of a large affair for the coming ,salon--a view of the ,carnival2 but for this it would be necessary that ,i should go to ,nice--to ,naples first for the ,carnival1 and then to ,nice1 where ,i have my villa1 to paint it in open air4 ,she now met ,bastien-,lepage1 who1 while he was somewhat severe in his criticism of her work1 told her seriously that she was marvellously gifted4 ,this gave her great pleasure1 and1 indeed1 just at this time the whole tone of the journal and her art enthusiasm are most comforting after the preceding despairing months4 ,from this time until her death her journal is largely occupied with her health1 which constantly failed1 but her interest in art and her intense desire to do something worthy of a great artist--something that ,julian1 ,robert-,fleury1 and1 above all1 ,bastien-,lepage1 could praise1 seemed to give her strength1 and1 in spite of the steady advance of the fell tuberculosis from which she was dying1 she worked devotedly4 ,she had a fine studio in a new home of the family1 and was seized with an ardent desire to try sculpture--she did a little in this art--but that which proved to be her last and best work was her contribution to the ,salon of #ahhd4 ,this brought her to the notice of the public1 and she had great pleasure1 although mingled with the conviction of her coming death and the doubts of her ability to do more4 ,of this time she writes3 ,am ,i satisfied8 ,it is easy to answer that question2 ,i am neither satisfied nor dissatisfied4 ,my success is just enough to keep me from being unhappy4 ,that is all4 ,again3 ,i have just returned from the ,salon4 ,we remained a long time seated on a bench before the picture4 ,it attracted a good deal of attention1 and ,i smiled to myself at the thought that no one would ever imagine the elegantly dressed young girl seated before it1 showing the tips of her little boots1 to be the artist4 ,ah1 all this is a great deal better than last year6 ,have ,i achieved a success1 in the true1 serious meaning of the word8 ,i almost think so4 ,the picture was called the ,meeting1 and shows seven gamins talking together before a wooden fence at the corner of a street4 ,franois ,coppe wrote of it3 ,it is a chef d'oeuvre1 ,i maintain4 ,the faces and the attitudes of the children are strikingly real4 ,the glimpse of meagre landscape expresses the sadness of the poorer neighborhoods4 ,previous to this time1 her picture of two boys1 called ,jean and ,jacques1 had been reproduced in the ,russian ,illustration1 and she now received many requests for permission to photograph and reproduce her ,meeting1 and connoisseurs made requests to be admitted to her studio4 ,all this gratified her while it also surprised4 ,she was at work on a picture called ,spring1 for which she went to ,svres1 to paint in the open4 ,naturally she hoped for a ,salon medal1 and her friends encouraged her wish--but alas6 she was cruelly disappointed4 ,many thought her unfairly treated1 but it was remembered that the year before she had publicly spoken of the committee as idiots6 ,people now wished to buy her pictures and in many ways she realized that she was successful4 ,how pathetic her written words3 ,i have spent six years1 working ten hours a day1 to gain what8 ,the knowledge of all ,i have yet to learn in my art1 and a fatal disease6 ,it is probable that the ,meeting received no medal because it was suspected that ,mlle4 ,bashkirtseff had been aided in her work4 ,no one could tell who had originated this idea1 but as some medals had been given to women who did not paint their pictures alone1 the committee were timid1 although there seems to have been no question as to superiority4 ,a friendship had grown up between the families ,bashkirtseff and ,bastien-,lepage4 ,both the great artist and the dying girl were very ill1 but for some time she and her mother visited him every two or three days4 ,he seemed almost to live on these visits and complained if they were omitted4 ,at last1 ill as ,bastien-,lepage was1 he was the better able of the two to make a visit4 ,on ,october #afth she writes of his being brought to her and made comfortable in one easy-chair while she was in another4 ,ah1 if ,i could only paint6 he said4 ,and ,i8 she replied4 ,there is the end to this year's picture6 ,these visits were continued4 ,october #bjth she writes of his increasing feebleness4 ,she wrote no more1 and in eleven days was dead4 ,in #ahhe the works of ,marie ,bashkirtseff were exhibited4 ,in the catalogue was printed ,franois ,coppe's account of a visit he had made her mother a few months before ,marie's death4 ,he saw her studio and her works1 and wrote1 after speaking of the ,meeting1 as follows3 ,at the ,exhibition--,salon--before this charming picture1 the public had with a unanimous voice bestowed the medal on ,mlle4 ,b41 who had been already 'mentioned' the year before4 ,why was this verdict not confirmed by the jury8 ,because the artist was a foreigner8 ,who knows8 ,perhaps because of her wealth4 ,this injustice made her suffer1 and she endeavored--the noble child--to avenge herself by redoubling her efforts4 ,in one hour ,i saw there twenty canvases commenced2 a hundred designs--drawings1 painted studies1 the cast of a statue1 portraits which suggested to me the name of ,frans ,hals1 scenes made from life in the open streets2 notably one large sketch of a landscape--the ,october mist on the shore1 the trees half stripped1 big yellow leaves strewing the ground4 ,in a word1 works in which is incessantly sought1 or more often asserts itself1 the sentiment of the sincerest and most original art1 and of the most personal talent4 ,mathilde ,blind1 in her ,study of ,marie ,bashkirtseff1 says3 ,marie loved to recall ,balzac's questionable definition that the genius of observation is almost the whole of human genius4 ,it was natural it should please her1 since it was the most conspicuous of her many gifts4 ,as we might expect1 therefore1 she was especially successful as a portrait painter1 for she had a knack of catching her sitter's likeness with the bloom of nature yet fresh upon it4 ,all her likenesses are singularly individual1 and we realize their character at a glance4 ,look1 for example1 at her portrait of a ,parisian swell1 in irreproachable evening dress and white kid gloves1 sucking his silver-headed cane1 with a simper that shows all his white teeth2 and then at the head and bust of a ,spanish convict1 painted from life at the prison in ,granada4 ,compare that embodiment of fashionable vacuity with this face1 whose brute-like eyes haunt you with their sadly stunted look4 ,what observation is shown in the painting of those heavily bulging lips1 which express weakness rather than wickedness of disposition--in those coarse hands engaged in the feminine occupation of knitting a blue and white stocking6 b,,bauck1 ,,jeanna4_/b ,born in ,stockholm in #ahdj4 ,portrait and landscape painter4 ,in #ahfc she went to ,dresden1 and studied figure work with ,professor ,ehrhardt2 later she moved to ,dsseldorf1 where she devoted herself to landscape under ,flamm1 and in #ahff she settled in ,munich1 where she has since remained1 making long visits to ,paris1 ,venice1 and parts of ,switzerland4 ,her later work is marked by the romantic influence of ,c4 ,ludwig1 who was for a time her instructor1 but she shows unusual breadth and sureness in dealing with difficult subjects1 such as dusky forests with dark waters or bare ruins bordered with stiff1 ghost-like trees4 ,though not without talent and boldness1 she lacks a feeling for style4 b,,bauerl1 ,,miss ,a4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,baxter1 ,,martha ,,wheeler4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,beale1 ,,mary4_/b #afcb-ig4 ,this artist was the daughter of the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,cradock4 ,she married ,mr4 ,beale1 an artist and a color-maker4 ,she studied under ,sir ,peter ,lely1 who obtained for her the privilege of copying some of ,vandyck's most famous works4 ,mrs4 ,beale's portraits of ,charles ,,ii41 ,cowley1 and the ,duke of ,norfolk are in the ,national ,portrait ,gallery1 ,london1 and that of ,archbishop ,tillotson is in ,lambeth ,palace4 ,this portrait was the first example of an ecclesiastic represented as wearing a wig instead of the usual silk coif4 ,her drawing was excellent and spirited1 her color strong and pure1 and her portraits were sought by many distinguished persons4 ,several poems were written in praise of this artist1 in one of which1 by ,dr4 ,woodfall1 she is called ,belasia4 ,her husband1 ,charles ,beale1 an inferior artist1 was proud of his wife1 and spent much time in recording the visits she received1 the praises lavished on her1 and similar matters concerning her art and life4 ,he left more than thirty pocket-notebooks filled with these records1 and showed himself far more content that his wife should be appreciated than any praise of himself could have made him4 b,,beaury-,,saurel1 ,,mme4 ,,am,,lie4_/b ,prize of honor at ,exposition of ,black and ,white1 #ahia2 third-class medal1 ,salon1 #ahhc2 bronze medal1 ,exposition1 #ahhi4 ,born at ,barcelona1 of ,french parents4 ,pupil of ,julian ,academy4 ,among her principal portraits are those of ,lon ,say1 ,flix ,voisin1 ,barthlemy ,saint-,hilaire1 ,mme4 ,sadi-,carnot1 ,coralie ,cohen1 ,princess ,ghika1 etc4 ,she has also painted the ,two ,vanquished ,ones1 ,a ,woman ,physician1 and a ,souvenir of a ,bull-,fight1 pastel1 etc4 ,this artist has also contributed to several magazines4 ,at the ,salon of the ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 she exhibited a portrait and a picture of ,hamlet2 in #aijc a picture1 ,in the ,train4 ,mme4 ,beaury-,saurel is also ,mme4 ,julian1 wife of the head of the ,academy in which she was educated4 b,,beaux1 ,,cecilia4_/b ,mary ,smith prize at the ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 #ahhe1 #ahhg1 #ahia1 #ahib2 gold medal1 ,philadelphia ,art ,club1 #ahic2 ,dodge prize1 ,national ,academy of ,design1 #ahic2 bronze medal1 ,carnegie ,institute1 #ahif2 first-class gold medal1 #a1ejj1 ,carnegie ,institute1 #ahii2 ,temple gold medal1 ,pennsylvania ,academy1 #aijj2 gold medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 gold medal1 787 #aija4 ,associate of ,national ,academy of ,design1 member of ,society of ,american ,artists1 associate of ,socit des ,beaux-,arts1 ,paris4 ,born in ,philadelphia4 ,studied under ,mrs4 ,t4 ,a4 ,janvier1 ,adolf van der ,weilen1 and ,william ,sartain in ,philadelphia2 under ,robert-,fleury1 ,bouguereau1 and ,benjamin-,constant1 in ,paris4 ,her portraits are numerous4 ,in #ahid she exhibited a portrait of a child at the ,exhibition of the ,society of ,american ,artists1 which was much admired and noticed in the ,century ,magazine1 ,september1 #ahid1 as follows3 ,few artists have the fresh touch which the child needs and the firm and rapid execution which allows the painter to catch the fleeting expression and the half-forms which make child portraits at once the longing and the despair of portrait painters4 ,miss ,beaux's technique is altogether ,french1 sometimes reminding me a little of ,carolus ,duran and of ,sargent2 but her individuality has triumphed over all suggestions of her foreign masters1 and the combination of refinement and strength is altogether her own4 ,seven years later1 in the ,international ,studio1 ,september1 #aija1 we read3 ,the mention of style suggests a reference to the portraits by ,miss ,cecilia ,beaux1 while the allusion to characterization suggests at the same time their limitation4 ,the oftener one sees her ',mother and ,daughter1' which gained the gold medal at ,pittsburg in #ahii and the gold medal also at last year's ,paris ,exposition1 the less one feels inclined to accept it as a satisfactory example of portraiture4 ,magnificent assurance of method it certainly has1 controlled also by a fine sobriety of feeling1 so that no part of the ensemble impinges upon the due importance of the other parts2 it is a balanced1 dignified picture4 ,but in its lack of intimacy it is positively callous4 ,one has met these ladies on many occasions1 but with no increase of acquaintanceship or interest on either side--our meetings are sterile of any human interest4 ,so one turns with relief to ,miss ,beaux's other picture of ',dorothea and ,francesca'--an older girl leading a younger one in the steps of a dance4 ,they are not concerned with us1 but at least interested in one another2 and we can attach ourselves1 if only as outsiders1 to the human interest involved4 ,these pictures suggest a moment's consideration of the true meaning of the term 'style' as applied to painting4 ,is it not more than the mere ableness of method1 still more than the audacity of brush work1 that often passes for style8 ,is it possible to dissociate the manner of a picture from its embodiment of some fact or idea8 ,for it to have style in the full sense of the word1 surely it must embody an expression of life as serious and thorough as the method of record4--,charles ,h4 ,caffin4 ,in the ,international ,studio of ,march1 #aijc1 we read3 ,the portrait of ,mrs4 ,roosevelt1 by ,miss ,cecilia ,beaux1 seemed to me to be one of the happiest of her creations4 ,nothing could exceed the skill and daintiness with which the costume is painted1 and the characterization of the head is more sympathetic than usual1 offering a most winsome type of beautiful1 good womanhood4 ,a little child has been added to the picture--an afterthought1 ,i understand1 and scarcely a fortunate one2 at least in the manner of its presentment4 ,the figure is cleverly merged in half shadow1 but the treatment of the face is brusque1 and a most unpleasant smirk distorts the child's mouth4 ,it is the portrait of the mother that carries the picture1 and its superiority to many of ,miss ,beaux's portraits consists in the sympathy with her subject which the painter has displayed4--,charles ,h4 ,caffin4 ,a writer in the ,mail and ,express says3 ,miss ,beaux has approached the task of painting the society woman of to-day1 not as one to whom this type is known only by the exterior1 but with a sympathy as complete as a similar tradition and an artistic temperament will allow4 ,thus she starts with an advantage denied to all but a very few ,american portrait painters1 and this explains the instinctive way in which she gives to her pictured subjects an air of natural ease and good breeding4 ,miss ,beaux's picture of ,brighton ,cats is so excellent that one almost regrets that she has not emulated ,mme4 ,ronner's example and left portraits of humans to the many artists who cannot paint cats6 ,no reply to circular4 b,,beck1 ,,carol ,h4_/b ,mary ,smith prize at ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 #ahii4 ,fellow of above ,academy and member of the ,plastic ,club1 ,philadelphia4 ,born in ,philadelphia4 ,studied in schools of ,pennsylvania ,academy1 and later in ,dresden and ,paris4 ,miss ,beck paints portraits and her works have been frequently exhibited4 ,her portraits are also seen in the ,university of ,pennsylvania1 in the ,woman's ,medical ,college1 ,philadelphia1 in ,wesleyan ,college1 at the capitols of ,pennsylvania and ,new ,jersey1 and other public places1 as well as in many private homes4 ,miss ,beck edited the ,catalogue of the ,wilstach ,collection of ,paintings in ,memorial ,hall1 ,fairmount ,park1 ,philadelphia4 b,,beckington1 ,,alice4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,beernaerts1 ,,euphrosine4_/b ,landscape painter4 ,in #ahgc she won a medal at ,vienna1 in #ahge a gold medal at the ,brussels ,salon1 and still other medals at ,philadelphia 7#ahgf71 ,sydney 7#ahgi71 and ,teplitz 7#ahgi74 ,she was made ,chvalier de l',ordre de ,lopold in #ahha4 ,mlle4 ,beernaerts was born at ,ostend1 #ahca1 and studied under ,kuhner in ,brussels4 ,she travelled in ,germany1 ,france1 and ,italy1 and exhibited admirable landscapes at ,brussels1 ,antwerp1 and ,paris1 her favorite subjects being ,dutch4 ,in #ahgh the following pictures by her were shown in ,paris3 ,lisire de bois dans les ,dunes 7,zlande71 ,le ,village de ,domburg 7,zlande71 and ,intrieur de bois ,oost-,kapel 7,holland74 ,other well-known works are ,die ,campine and ,aus der ,umgebung von ,oosterbeck4 b,,begas1 ,,luise ,,parmentier4_/b ,born in ,vienna4 ,pupil of ,schindler and ,unger4 ,she travelled extensively in ,europe and the ,orient1 and spent some time in ,sicily4 ,she married ,adalbert ,begas in #ahgg and then established her studio in ,berlin4 ,her subjects are landscape1 architectural monuments1 and interiors4 ,some of the latter are especially fine4 ,her picture of the ,burial ,ground at ,scutari was an unusual subject at the time it was exhibited and attracted much attention4 ,her rich gift in the use of color is best seen in her pictures of still life and flowers4 ,in ,berlin1 in #ahij1 she exhibited ,before the ,walls of ,constantinople and ,from ,constantinople1 which were essentially different from her earlier works and attracted much attention4 ,taormina in ,winter more nearly resembled her earlier pictures4 ,frulein ,parmentier also studied etching1 in which art ,unger was her instructor4 ,in her exquisite architectural pictures and landscapes she has represented ,italian motives almost exclusively4 ,among these are her views of ,venice and other ,south ,italian sketches1 which are also the subjects of some of her etchings4 b,,belle1 ,,mlle4 ,,andr,e4_/b ,member of the ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux ,arts4 ,born in ,paris4 ,pupil of ,cazin4 ,paints in oils and pastels1 landscapes especially1 of which she exhibited seventeen in ,june1 #aijb4 ,the larger part of these were landscape portraits1 so to speak1 as they were done on the spots represented with faithfulness to detail4 ,the subjects were pleasing1 and the various hours of day1 with characteristic lighting1 unusually well rendered4 ,at the ,salon des ,beaux ,arts1 #aijb1 this artist exhibited a large pastel1 ,a ,halt at ,st4 ,mamms and a ,souvenir of ,bormes1 showing the tomb of ,cazin4 ,in #aijc she exhibited a pastel called ,calvary1 now in the ,museum at ,amiens1 which has been praised for its harmony of color and the manner in which the rainbow is represented4 ,her pictures of ,twilight and ,sunset are unusually successful4 b,,benato-,,beltrami1 ,,elisabetta4_/b ,painter and sculptor of the nineteenth century1 living in ,padua since #aheh4 ,her talent1 which showed itself early1 was first developed by an unknown painter named ,soldan1 and later at the ,royal ,academy in ,venice4 ,she made copies of ,guido1 ,sassoferrato and ,veronese1 the ,laokoon group1 and the ,hercules of ,canova1 and executed a much-admired bas-relief called ,love and ,innocence4 ,among her original paintings are an ,atala and ,chactas1 ,petrarch's ,first ,meeting with ,laura1 a ,descent from the ,cross for the church at ,tribano1 a ,st4 ,sebastian1 ,melancholy1 a ,st4 ,ciro1 and many ,madonnas4 ,her pictures are noble in conception and firm in execution4 b,,benito ,y ,,tejada1 ,,benita4_/b ,born in ,bilboa1 where she first studied drawing2 later she went to ,madrid1 where she entered the ,escuela superior4 ,in the ,exposition of #ahgf at ,madrid ,the ,guardian was shown1 and in #ahha a large canvas representing ,the ,first ,step4 b,,bernhardt1 ,,sarah4_/b ,in #ahfi this famous actress watched ,mathieu-,meusnier making a bust4 ,she made her criticisms and they were always just4 ,the sculptor told her that she had the eye of an artist and should use her talent in sculpture4 ,not long after she brought to him a medallion portrait of her aunt4 ,so good was it that ,mathieu-,meusnier seriously encouraged her to persevere in her art4 ,she was fascinated by the thought of what might be possible for her1 took a studio1 and sent to the ,salon in #ahge a bust1 which attracted much attention4 ,in #ahgf she exhibited ,after the ,tempest1 the subject taken from the story of a poor woman who1 having buried two sons1 saw the body of her last boy washed ashore after a storm4 ,this work was marvellously effective1 and a great future as a sculptress was foretold for the divine ,sara4 ,at the ,salon of #ahgh she exhibited two portrait busts in bronze4 ,this remarkable woman is a painter also1 and exhibited a picture called ,la jeune ,fille et la ,mort4 ,one critic wrote of it3 ,sarah's picture shows very considerable feeling for color and more thought than the vast majority of modern paintings4 ,the envious and evil speakers1 who always want to say nasty things1 pretend to trace in the picture very frequent touches of ,alfred ,stevens1 who has been ,sarah's master in painting1 as ,mathieu-,meusnier was in sculpture4 ,however that may be1 ,sarah has posed her figures admirably and her coloring is excellent4 ,it is worthy of notice that1 being as yet a comparative beginner1 she has not attempted to give any expression to the features of the young girl over whose shoulder ,death is peeping4 ,one of the numerous ephemeral journals which the young and old jeunesse of the ,latin ,quarter is constantly creating has made a very clever caricature of the picture in a sort of ,pompeian style4 ,death is represented by the grinning figure of ,coquelin ain4 ,the legend is ',la ,jeune ,fille et la ,mort1' or ,coquelin ain1 presenting ,sarah ,bernhardt the bill of costs of her fugue4 ,in other words1 ,coquelin is ,death1 handing to ,sarah the undertaker's bill--#cjj1jjj francs--for her civil burial at the ,comdie ,franaise4 b,,bethune1 ,,louise4_/b ,this architect1 whose maiden name was ,blanchard1 was born in ,waterloo1 ,new ,york1 #ahef4 ,she studied drawing and architecture1 and in #ahha opened an office1 being the first woman architect in the ,united ,states4 ,since her marriage to ,robert ,a4 ,bethune they have practised their art together4 ,mrs4 ,bethune is the only woman holding a fellowship in the ,american ,institute of ,architects4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,beveridge1 ,k,,hne4_/b ,honorable mention in ,paris twice4 ,born in ,springfield1 ,illinois4 ,studied under ,william ,r4 ,o',donovan in ,new ,york1 and under ,rodin in ,paris4 ,among her works are a statue called ,rhodesia1 ,rough ,rider ,monument1 a statue called ,lascire1 which belongs to ,dr4 ,jameson1 busts of ,cecil ,rhodes1 ,king ,edward ,,vii41 ,grover ,cleveland1 ,vice-,president ,stevenson1 ,joseph ,jefferson1 ,buffalo ,bill1 ,general ,mahon1 hero of ,mafeking1 ,thomas ,l4 ,johnson1 and many others4 ,miss ,beveridge was first noticed as an artist in this country in #ahib1 when her busts of ex-,president ,cleveland and ,mr4 ,jefferson called favorable attention to her4 ,in #ahii she married ,charles ,coghlan1 and soon discovered that he had a living wife at the time of her marriage and obtained a divorce4 ,before she went to ,south ,africa ,miss ,beveridge had executed several commissions for ,cecil ,rhodes and others living in that country4 ,her mother is now the ,countess von ,wrede1 her home being in ,europe1 where her daughter has spent much time4 ,she has married the second time1 an ,american1 ,mr4 ,branson1 who resides at ,johannesburg1 in the ,transvaal4 b,,biffin1 ,,sarah4_/b #aghd-ahej4 ,it seems a curious fact that several persons born without arms and hands have become reputable artists4 ,this miniature painter was one of these4 ,her first teacher1 a man named ,dukes1 persuaded her to bind herself to live in his house and give her time to his service for some years4 ,later1 when the ,earl of ,morton made her acquaintance1 he proved to her that her engagement was not legally binding and wished her to give it up2 but ,miss ,biffin was well treated by the ,dukes and preferred to remain with them4 ,the ,earl of ,morton1 however1 caused her to study under ,mr4 ,craig1 and she attained wonderful excellence in her miniatures4 ,in #ahba the ,duke of ,sussex1 on behalf of the ,society of ,arts1 presented her with a prize medal for one of her pictures4 ,she remained sixteen years with the ,dukes1 and during this time never received more than five pounds a year6 ,after leaving them she earned a comfortable income4 ,she was patronized by ,george ,,iii4 and his successors1 and ,queen ,victoria and the ,prince ,consort were her generous patrons1 as well as many other distinguished persons4 ,after the death of the ,earl of ,morton she had no other friend to aid her in getting commissions or selling her finished pictures1 and she moved to ,liverpool4 ,a small annuity was purchased for her1 which1 in addition to the few orders she received1 supported her until her death at the age of sixty-six4 ,her miniatures have been seen in loan collections in recent years4 ,her portrait of herself1 on ivory1 was exhibited in such a collection at ,south ,kensington4 b,,bilders1 ,,marie4_/b ,family name ,van ,bosse4 ,born in ,amsterdam1 #ahcg2 died in ,wiesbaden1 #aijj4 ,pupil of ,van de ,sande-,bakhuyzen1 ,bosboom1 and ,johannes ,w4 ,bilders4 ,settled in ,oosterbeck1 and painted landscapes from views in the neighborhood4 ,this artist was important1 and her works are admired especially by certain ,dutch artists who are famous in all countries4 ,these facts are well known to me from good authority1 but ,i fail to find a list of her works or a record of their present position4#a ,footnote #a3 ,see ,appendix4 b,,bilinska1 ,,anna4_/b ,received the small gold medal at ,berlin in #ahia1 and won distinguished recognition at other international exhibitions in ,berlin and ,munich by her portraits and figure studies4 ,she was born in ,warsaw in #aheh1 and died there in #ahic4 ,she studied in ,paris1 where she quickly became a favorite painter of aristocratic ,russians and ,poles4 ,her pictures are strong and of brilliant technique4 b,,biondi1 ,,nicola4_/b ,born at ,capua1 #ahff4 ,this promising young ,italian painter was a pupil of the ,institute of ,fine ,arts in ,naples4 ,one of her pictures1 called ,una partita1 was exhibited at ,naples and attracted much attention4 ,it was purchased by ,duke ,martini4 ,another1 ,ultima ,prova1 was exhibited in ,rome and favorably noticed4 b,,blau1 ,,tina4_/b ,honorable mention in ,paris1 #ahhc1 for her ,spring in the ,prater4 ,her ,land ,party is in the possession of the ,emperor of ,austria1 and ,in ,spring-time belongs to the ,prince ,regent of ,bavaria4 ,this talented landscape painter was born in ,vienna1 #ahdg4 ,she was a pupil of ,schffer in ,vienna1 and of ,w4 ,lindenschmitt in ,munich4 ,after travelling in ,austria1 ,holland1 and ,italy1 she followed her predilection for landscape1 and chose her themes in great part from those countries4 ,in #ahhd she married ,heinrich ,lang1 painter of battle scenes 7who died in #ahia71 and she now works alternately in ,munich and ,vienna4 ,in #ahij she gave an exhibition of her pictures in ,munich2 they were thought to show great vigor of composition and color and much delicacy of artistic perception4 ,her foreign scenes1 especially1 are characterized by unusual local truth and color4 ,among her best works are ,studies from the ,prater in ,vienna1 ,canal at ,amsterdam1 ,harvest ,day in ,holland1 ,the ,arch of ,titus in ,rome1 ,street in ,venice1 and ,late ,summer4 b,,bloch1 ,,mme4 ,,elisa4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahid4 ,officer of public instruction1 ,commander of the ,order of the ,liberator2 ,chevalier of the ,order of the ,dragon of ,annam4 ,born at ,breslau1 ,silesia1 #ahdh4 ,pupil of ,chapu4 ,she first exhibited at the ,salon of #ahgh1 a medallion portrait of ,m4 ,bloch2 this was followed by ,hope1 the ,golden ,age1 ,virginius ,sacrificing his ,daughter1 ,moses ,receiving the ,tables of the ,law1 etc4 ,mme4 ,bloch has made numerous portrait busts1 among them being the kings of ,spain and ,portugal1 ,buffalo ,bill1 ,c4 ,flammarion1 etc4 ,at the ,salon of the ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc1 ,mme4 ,bloch exhibited a ,portrait of ,m4 ,frdric ,passy1 ,member of the ,institute4 b,,boccardo1 ,,lina ,,zerbinah4_/b ,rome4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,boemm1 ,,ritta4_/b ,a ,hungarian artist4 ,has been much talked of in ,dresden4 ,she certainly possesses distinguished talents1 and is easily in the front rank of ,dresden women artists4 ,her gouache pictures dealing with ,hungarian subjects1 a ,village ,street1 a ,peasant ,farm1 a ,churchyard1 exhibited at ,dresden in #ahib1 were well drawn and full of sentiment1 but lacking in color sense and power4 ,she works unevenly and seems pleased when she succeeds in setting a scene cleverly4 ,she paints portraits also1 mostly in pastel1 which are spirited1 but not especially good likenesses4 ,what she can do in the way of color may be seen in her ,village ,street in ,winter1 a picture of moderate size1 in which the light is exquisite2 unfortunately most of her painting is less admirable than this4 b,,boissonnas1 ,,mme4 ,,caroline ,,sordet4_/b ,honorable mention at the ,salon of ,lyons1 #ahig4 ,member of the ,exposition ,permanente ,amis des ,beaux-,arts1 ,geneva4 ,born in ,geneva4 ,pupil of the ,school of ,fine ,arts1 ,geneva1 under ,prof4 ,f4 ,gillet and ,m4 ,e4 ,ravel4 ,this artist paints portraits principally4 ,she has been successful1 and her pictures are in ,geneva1 ,lausanne1 ,vevey1 ,paris1 ,lyons1 ,marseilles1 ,dresden1 ,naples1 etc4 b,,bompiani-,,battaglia1 ,,clelia4_/b ,born in ,rome1 #ahdg4 ,pupil of her father1 ,roberto ,bompiani1 and of the professors in the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke4 ,the following pictures in water-colors have established her reputation as an artist3 ,confidential ,communication1 #ahhe2 the ,fortune-,teller1 #ahhg2 ,a ,public ,copyist1 #ahhh2 and ,the ,wooing1 #ahhh4 b,,bonheur1 ,,juliette--,,mme4 ,,peyrol4_/b ,born at ,paris4 ,sister of ,rosa ,bonheur1 and a pupil of her father4 ,among her pictures are ,a ,flock of ,geese1 ,a ,flock of ,sheep ,lying ,down1 and kindred subjects4 ,the last-named work was much remarked at the ,salon of #ahge4 ,in #ahgh she exhibited ,the ,pool and ,the ,mother's ,kiss4 ,mme4 ,peyrol was associated with her famous sister in the conduct of the ,free ,school of ,design1 founded by ,rosa ,bonheur in #ahdi4 b,,bonheur1 ,,marie ,,rosalie4_/b #ahbb-ii4 ,member of ,antwerp ,institute1 #ahfh4 ,salon medals1 #ahde1 #ahdh1 #ahee1 #ahfg2 ,legion of ,honor1 #ahfe2 ,leopold ,cross1 #ahhj2 ,commander's ,cross1 ,royal ,order of ,isabella the ,catholic1 #ahhj4 ,born in ,bordeaux4 ,she was taught drawing by her father1 who1 perceiving that she had unusual talent1 permitted her to give up dressmaking1 to which1 much against her will1 she had been apprenticed4 ,from #ahee her fame was established2 she was greatly appreciated1 and her works competed for in ,england and the ,united ,states1 as well as in ,european countries4 ,her chief merit is the actual truthfulness with which she represented animals4 ,her skies might be bettered in some cases--the atmosphere of her pictures was sometimes open to question--but her animals were anatomically perfect and handled with such virility as few men have excelled or even equalled4 ,her position as an artist is so established that no quoted opinions are needed when speaking of her--she was one of the most famous women of her century4 ,her home at ,by was near ,fontainebleau1 where she lived quietly1 and for some years held gratuitous classes for drawing4 ,she left1 at her death1 a collection of pictures1 studies1 etchings1 etc41 which were sold by auction in ,paris soon after4 ,her ,ploughing in the ,nivernais1 #ahdh1 is in the ,luxembourg ,gallery2 ,the ,horse ,fair1 #ahec1 is seen in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london1 in a replica1 the original being in the ,united ,states1 purchased by the late ,a4 ,t4 ,stewart4 ,her ,hay ,harvest in the ,auvergne1 #ahee1 is one of her most important works4 ,after #ahfg ,mlle4 ,bonheur did not exhibit at the ,salon until #ahii1 a few weeks before her death4 ,one must pay a tribute to this artist as a good and generous woman4 ,she founded the ,free ,school of ,design for ,girls1 and in #ahdi took the direction of it and devoted much of her valuable time to its interests4 ,how valuable an hour was to her we may understand when we remember that ,hamerton says3 ,i have seen work of hers which1 according to the price given1 must have paid her a hundred pounds for each day's labor4 ,the story of her life is of great interest1 and can be but slightly sketched here4 ,she was afoot betimes in the morning1 and often walked ten or twelve miles and worked hard all day4 ,the difficulty of reaching her models proved such a hindrance to her that she conceived the idea of visiting the abattoirs1 where she could see animals living and dead and study their anatomy4 ,it is not easy to imagine all the difficulties she encountered in doing this--the many repulsive features of such places--while the company of drovers and butchers made one of the disagreeables of her pursuits4 ,her love for the animals1 too1 made it doubly hard for her to see them in the death agony and listen to their pitiful cries for freedom4 ,in all this experience1 however1 she met no rude or unkind treatment4 ,her drawings won the admiration of the men who watched her make them and they treated her with respect4 ,she pursued her studies in the same manner in the stables of the ,veterinary ,school at ,alfort and in the ,jardin des ,plantes4 ,at other times she studied in the country the quiet grazing herds1 and1 though often mistaken for a boy on account of the dress she wore1 she inspired only admiration for her simplicity and frankness of manner1 while the graziers and horse-dealers respectfully regarded her and wondered at her skill in picturing their favorite animals4 ,some very amusing stories might be told of her comical embarrassments in her country rambles1 when she was determined to preserve her disguise and the pretty girls were equally determined to make love to her6 ,aside from all this laborious study of living animals1 she obtained portions of dead creatures for dissection2 also moulds1 casts1 and illustrated anatomical books2 and1 in short1 she left no means untried by which she could perfect herself in the specialty she had chosen4 ,her devotion to study and to the practice of her art was untiring1 and only the most engrossing interest in it and an indomitable perseverance1 supplemented and supported by a physically and morally healthful organization1 could have sustained the nervous strain of her life from the day when she was first allowed to follow her vocation to the time when she placed herself in the front rank of animal painters4 ,a most charming picture is drawn of the life of the ,bonheur family in the years when ,rosa was making her progressive steps4 ,they lived in an humble house in the ,rue ,rumfort1 the father1 ,auguste1 ,isidore1 and ,rosa all working in the same studio4 ,she had many birds and a pet sheep4 ,as the apartment of the ,bonheurs was on the sixth floor1 this sheep lived on the leads1 and from time to time ,isidore bore him on his shoulders down all the stairs to the neighboring square1 where the animal could browse on the real grass1 and afterward be carried back by one of the devoted brothers of his mistress4 ,they were very poor1 but they were equally happy4 ,at evening ,rosa made small models or illustrations for books or albums1 which the dealers readily bought1 and by this means she added to the family store for needs or pleasures4 ,in #ahda1 when ,rosa was nineteen years old1 she first experienced the pleasures1 doubts1 and fears attendant upon a public exhibition of one's work4 ,two small pictures1 called ,goats and ,sheep and ,two ,rabbits1 were hung at the ,salon and were praised by critics and connoisseurs4 ,the next year she sent three others1 ,animals in a ,pasture1 ,a ,cow ,lying in a ,meadow1 and ,a ,horse for ,sale4 ,she continued to send pictures to the ,salon and to some exhibitions in other cities1 and received several bronze and silver medals4 ,in #ahde she sent twelve works to the ,salon1 accompanied by those of her father and her brother ,auguste1 who was admitted that year for the first time4 ,in #ahdh ,isidore was added to the list1 exhibiting a picture and a group in marble1 both representing ,a ,combat between a ,lioness and an ,african ,horseman4 ,and1 finally1 the family contributions were completed when ,juliette1 now ,madame ,peyrol1 added her pictures1 and the works of the five artists were seen in the same ,exhibition4 ,in #ahdi ,rosa ,bonheur's ,cantal ,oxen was awarded the gold medal1 and was followed by ,ploughing in the ,nivernais1 so well known the world over by engravings and photographs4 ,when the medal was assigned her1 ,horace ,vernet proclaimed her triumph to a brilliant assemblage1 and also presented to her a magnificent vase of ,svres porcelain1 in the name of the ,french ,government4 ,this placed her in the first rank of living artists1 and the triumph was of double value to her on account of the happiness it afforded her father1 to see this1 his oldest child1 of whose future he had often despaired1 taking so eminent a place in the artistic world4 ,this year of success was also a year of sorrow1 for before its end the old ,raymond had died4 ,he had been for some time the director of the ,government ,school of ,design for ,girls1 and1 being freed from pecuniary anxiety1 he had worked with new courage and hope4 ,after her father's death ,rosa ,bonheur exhibited nothing for two years1 but in #ahec she brought out her ,horse ,fair1 which added to her fame4 ,she was perfectly at home in the mountains1 and spent much time in the huts of charcoal burners1 huntsmen1 or woodcutters1 contented with the food they could give her and happy in her study4 ,thus she made her sketches for ,morning in the ,highlands1 ,the ,denizens of the ,mountains1 etc4 ,she once lived six weeks with her party on the ,spanish side of the ,pyrenees1 where they saw no one save muleteers going and coming1 with their long lines of loaded mules4 ,their only food was frogs' legs1 which they prepared themselves1 and the black bread and curdled milk which the country afforded4 ,at evening the muleteers would amuse the strangers by dancing the national dances1 and then repose in picturesque groups just suited to artistic sketching4 ,in ,scotland and in ,switzerland1 as well as in various portions of her own country1 she had similar experiences1 and her ,hay-,making in ,auvergne proves that she was familiar with the more usual phases of country life4 ,at the ,knowles sale in ,london1 in #ahfe1 her picture of ,spanish ,muleteers ,crossing the ,pyrenees1 one of the results of the above sojourn in these mountains1 sold for two thousand guineas1 about ten thousand dollars4 ,i believe that1 in spite of the large sums of money that she received1 her habitual generosity and indifference to wealth prevented her amassing a large fortune1 but her fame as an artist and her womanly virtues brought the rewards which she valued above anything that wealth could bestow--such rewards as will endure through centuries and surround the name of ,rosa ,bonheur with glory1 rewards which she untiringly labored to attain4 b,,bonsall1 ,,elizabeth ,f4_/b ,first ,toppan prize1 and ,mary ,smith prize twice1 at ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts4 ,member of ,plastic ,club1 ,philadelphia4 ,born at ,philadelphia4 ,studied at the above-named ,academy and in ,paris2 also at the ,drexel ,institute1 ,philadelphia1 under ,eakins1 ,courtois1 ,collin1 and ,howard ,pyle4 ,miss ,bonsall is well known for her pictures of cats4 ,she illustrated the ,fireside ,sphinx1 by ,agnes ,repplier4 ,her picture of ,hot ,milk is in the ,pennsylvania ,academy2 her ,suspense1 in a private gallery in ,new ,york4 ,an interesting chapter in ,miss ,winslow's book1 ,concerning ,cats1 is called ,concerning ,cat ,artists1 in which she writes3 ,elizabeth ,bonsall is a young ,american artist who has exhibited some good cat pictures1 and whose work promises to make her famous some day if she does not 'weary in well-doing4' ,miss ,bonsall has prepared a ,cat ,calendar and a ,child's ,book about ,cats1 which were promised to appear in the autumn of #aijc4 b,,bonsall1 ,,mary ,m4_/b ,first ,toppan prize at ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts4 ,member of the ,plastic ,club1 ,philadelphia4 ,studied at above academy under ,vonnoh1 ,de ,camp1 ,william ,chase1 and ,cecilia ,beaux4 ,this artist paints portraits1 which are in private hands4 b,,bonte1 ,,paula4_/b ,born in ,magdeburg1 #ahdj1 and from #ahfb to #ahfd was a pupil of ,pape in ,berlin4 ,she travelled and studied in ,northern ,italy and ,switzerland1 and from these regions1 as well as from ,northern ,germany1 took her subjects4 ,she has exhibited pictures at various exhibitions1 and among her best works should be mentioned3 ,the ,beach at ,clovelly in ,devonshire1 ,from the ,bernese ,oberland1 ,the ,riemenstalden ,valley1 etc4 b,,boott1 ,,elizabeth4_/b ,born in ,cambridge4 ,miss ,boott was one of those pupils of ,william ,m4 ,hunt to whom he imparted a wonderful artistic enthusiasm1 energy1 and devotion4 ,after studying in ,boston she studied in ,paris under ,duveneck--whom she afterward married--and under ,couture4 ,her subjects were genre1 still-life1 and flowers1 and were well considered4 ,among her genre pictures are ,an ,old ,man ,reading1 an ,old ,roman ,peasant1 and a ,girl with a ,cat4 ,when in ,italy she painted a number of portraits1 which were successful4 ,miss ,brewster1 who lived in ,rome1 was an excellent critic1 and she wrote3 ,i must say a few words about a studio ,i have lately visited--,miss ,boott's4 ,i saw there three very fine portraits1 remarkable for strength and character1 as well as rich coloring3 one of ,mr4 ,boott1 one of ,bishop ,say1 and the third of ,t4 ,adolphus ,trollope1 the well-known writer and brother of the novelist1 ,anthony ,trollope4 ,all are good likenesses and are painted with vigor and skill1 but the one of ,mr4 ,trollope is especially clever4 ,trollope's head and face1 though a good study1 are not easy to paint1 but ,miss ,boott has succeeded to perfection4 ,his head and beard are very fine4 ,the face in nature1 but for the melancholy1 kindly look about the eyes and mouth1 would be stern2 ,miss ,boott has caught this expression and yet retained all the firm character of the countenance4 ,it is remarkable that an artist who paints male heads with such a vigorous character should also give to flowers softness1 transparency1 and grace4 ,nothing can be more lovely than ,miss ,boott's flower studies4 ,she has some delicious poppies among wheat1 lilies1 thistles4 ,she gets a transparency into these works that is not facile in oil4 ,a bunch of roses in a vase was as tender and round and soft-colored as in nature4 ,among all the many studios of ,rome ,i do not know a more attractive one than ,miss ,boott's4 b,,bortolan1 ,,rosa4_/b ,born at ,treviso4 ,she was placed in the ,academy at ,venice by her family1 where she had the benefit of such masters as ,grigoletti1 ,lipparini1 ,schiavoni1 and ,zandomeneghi4 ,she early showed much originality1 and after making thorough preliminary studies she began to follow her own ideas4 ,she was of a mystical and contemplative turn of mind1 and a great proportion of her work has been of a religious nature4 ,her pictures began to attract attention about #ahdg1 and she had many commissions for altar-pieces and similar work4 ,the church of ,valdobbiadene1 at ,venice1 contains ,san ,venanziano ,fortunatus1 ,bishop4 ,saint ,louis was painted as a commission of ,brandolin da ,pieve2 ,comte ,justinian ,replying to ,bonaparte in ,treviso was a subscription picture presented to ,signor ,zoccoletto4 ,portraits of the ,countess ,canossa-,portalupi and her son1 of ,luigia ,codemo1 and of ,luigi ,giacomelli are thought to possess great merit2 while those of ,dr4 ,pasquali 7in the ,picture ,gallery at ,treviso7 and ,michelangelo ,codemo have been judged superior to those of ,rosalba ,carriera and ,angelica ,kauffmann4 ,her sacred pictures1 strong and good in color1 are full of a mystical and spiritual beauty4 ,her drawing is admirable and her treatment of detail highly finished4 b,,borzino1 ,,leopoldina4_/b ,milanese water-color painter4 ,has shown excellent genre pictures at various exhibitions4 ,the ,holiday and the ,return from ,mass were both exhibited and sold at ,rome in #ahhc2 ,the ,way to ,calvary was seen at ,venice in #ahhg4 ,the ,rosary1 ,anguish1 and ,going to the ,fountain are all distinguished by good color as well as by grace and originality of composition4 b,,bouguereau1 ,,mme4 ,,elizabeth ,,jane4_/b ,see ,gardner4 b,,boulanger1 ,,mme4 ,,marie ,,elizabeth4_/b ,medals at the ,paris ,salon in #ahcf and #ahci4 ,born in ,paris1 #ahaj4 ,her family name was ,blavot1 and after the death of ,m4 ,boulanger she married ,m4 ,cav1 director of the ,academy of the ,beaux-,arts4 ,her picture of ,the ,virgin in ,tears is in the ,museum of ,rouen2 and ,the ,children's ,tournament1 a triptych1 was purchased by the ,government4 b,,bourrillon-,,tournay1 ,,mme4 ,,jeanne4_/b ,medal of the second class at ,exposition ,universelle at ,lyons2 silver medal at ,versailles2 honorable mention at ,paris ,salon1 #ahif2 the two prizes of the ,union des ,femmes ,peintres et ,sculpteurs--les ,palmes ,acadmique1 #ahie2 the ,rosette of an ,officer of the ,public ,instruction in #aijb4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais1 of the ,union des ,femmes ,peintres et ,sculpteurs1 and of the ,association de ,baron ,taylor4 ,born at ,paris1 #ahgj4 ,pupil of ,ferdinand ,humbert and ,g4 ,c4 ,saintpierre4 ,this artist paints portraits1 and among them are those of a ,young ,girl1 which belongs to the general ,council of the ,seine2 one of the ,senator ,thophile ,roussel1 of the ,institute1 and a portrait of an ,aged ,lady1 both purchased by the ,government2 one of ,m4 ,auguste ,boyer1 councillor of the ,court of ,cassation1 and many others4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 ,mme4 ,bourrillon-,tournay exhibited two portraits1 one being that of her mother2 in #aijc1 that of ,m4 ,boyer and one of ,mme4 ,b4 b,,bowen1 ,,lota4_/b ,member of ,society of ,women ,artists1 ,london1 the ,tempera ,society1 and the #ia ,art ,club4 ,born at ,armley1 ,yorkshire4 ,studied in ,ludovici's studio1 ,london2 later in ,rome under ,santoro1 and in the night classes of the ,circolo ,artistico4 ,her pictures are principally landscapes1 and are chiefly in private collections in ,england4 ,among the most important are ,on the ,venetian ,lagoons1 ,old ,stone ,pines1 ,lido1 ,venice1 ,evening on ,lake ,lugano1 ,evening ,glow on the ,dolomites1 ,the ,old ,bird ,fancier1 ,moonrise on ,crowborough1 ,sussex4 ,all these have been exhibited at the ,academy4 ,miss ,lota ,bowen constantly receives most favorable notices of her works in magazines and journals4 ,she is devotedly fond of her art1 and has sought subjects for her brush in many ,european byways1 as well as in ,north ,africa1 ,turkey1 and ,montenegro4 ,she paints portraits and figure subjects2 has a broad1 swinging brush and great love of 'tone4' ,miss ,bowen has recently built a studio1 in ,kensington1 after her own design4 ,she is in ,london from ,christmas time to ,august1 when she makes an annual journey for sketching4 b,,bozzino1 ,,candida ,,luigia4_/b ,silver medal at ,piacenza4 ,born at ,piacenza1 #ahec4 ,pupil of her father4 ,her portrait of ,alessandro ,manzoni was her prize picture4 ,the ,madonna of the ,sacred ,heart of ,jesus was painted on a commission from the ,bishop of ,piacenza1 who presented it to ,pope ,pius ,,ix42 after being exhibited at the ,vatican1 it was sent to the ,bishop of ,jesi1 for the church of ,castelplanio4 ,other celebrated works of hers are a ,holy ,family1 the ,madonna of ,lourdes1 and several copies of the ,vi ,crucis1 by ,viganoni4 ,in #ahha this artist entered the ,ursuline ,convent at ,piacenza1 where she continues to paint religious pictures4 b,,bracken1 ,,julia ,m4_/b ,first prize for sculpture1 ,chicago1 #ahih2 appointed on staff of sculptors for the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,member of ,arts ,club1 ,western ,society of ,artists1 ,municipal ,art ,league1 and ,krayle ,workshop1 ,chicago4 ,born at ,apple ,river1 ,ill41 #ahga4 ,pupil of ,chicago ,art ,institute4 ,acted as assistant to ,lorado ,taft1 #ahhg-ib4 ,was much occupied with the decorations for the ,columbian ,exposition1 and executed on an independent commission the statue of ,illinois ,welcoming the ,nations4 ,there are to be five portrait statues placed in front of the ,educational ,building at ,st4 ,louis1 each to be executed by a well-known artist4 ,one of these is to be the work of ,miss ,bracken1 who is the only woman among them4 ,miss ,bracken has modelled an heroic portrait statue of ,president ,monroe2 beside the figure is a globe1 on which he points out the junction of the ,mississippi and ,missouri rivers4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,bracquemond1 ,,mme4 ,,marie4_/b ,pupil of ,ingres4 ,a portrait painter1 also painter of genre subjects4 ,at the ,salon of #ahge she exhibited ,the ,reading2 in #ahgd ,marguerite4 ,she has been much occupied in the decoration of the ,haviland faience1 a branch of these works1 at ,auteuil1 being at one time in charge of her husband1 ,flix ,bracquemond4 ,in #ahgb ,m4 ,bracquemond was esteemed the first ceramic artist in ,france4 ,an eminent ,french critic said of ,m4 and ,mme4 ,bracquemond3 ,you cannot praise too highly these two artists1 who are as agreeable and as clever as they are talented and esteemed4 ,mme4 ,bracquemond had the faculty of employing the faience colors so well that she produced a clearness and richness not attained by other artists4 ,the progress made in the ,haviland faience in the seventies was very largely due to ,mme4 ,bracquemond1 whose pieces were almost always sold from the atelier before being fired1 so great was her success4 b,,brandeis1 ,,antoinetta4_/b ,many prizes at the ,academy of ,venice4 ,born of ,bohemian parents in ,miscova1 ,galitza1 #ahdi4 ,pupil of ,iavurek1 of ,prague1 in the beginning of her studies1 but her father dying and her mother marrying again1 she was taken to ,venice1 where she studied in the ,academy several years under ,grigoletti1 ,moja1 ,bresolin1 ,nani1 and ,molmenti4 ,although all her artistic training was received in ,italy and she made her first successes there1 most of her works have been exhibited in ,london1 under the impression that she was better understood in ,england4 ,annoyed by the commendation of her pictures as the work of a woman1 she signed a number of her canvases ,antonio ,brandeis4 ,although she painted religious subjects for churches1 her special predilection is for views of ,venice1 preferably those in which the gondola appears4 ,she has studied these in their every detail4 ,il canale ,traghetto de' ,san ,geremia is in the ,museum ,rivoltella at ,trieste4 ,this and ,il canale dell' ,abbazia della ,misericordia have been much commended by foreign critics1 especially the ,english and ,austrians4 ,other ,venetian pictures are ,la ,chiese della ,salute1 ,il canale de' ,canalregio1 and ,la ,pescaria4 b,,breslau1 ,,louisa ,,catherine4_/b ,gold medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi2 gold medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,chevalier of the ,legion of ,honor1 #aija4 ,member of the ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts4 ,a ,swiss artist1 who made her studies at the ,julian ,academy under ,robert-,fleury4 ,she has painted many portraits4 ,her picture ,under the ,apple-,tree is in the ,museum at ,lausanne2 the ,little ,girls or ,the ,sisters and the ,child ,dreamer--exhibited at ,salon1 #aijb--;are in the ,gallery of the ,luxembourg2 the ,gamins1 in the ,museum at ,carpentras2 the ,tea ,party1 at the ,ministry of the ,interior1 ,paris4 ,at the ,salon of #aijb ,mlle4 ,breslau exhibited six pictures1 among which were landscapes1 two representing ,september and ,october at ,saint-,cloud2 two of fruit and flowers2 all of which were admired1 while the ,dreamer was honored with a place in the ,luxembourg4 ,in the same ,salon she exhibited six pictures in pastel3 four portraits1 and heads of a gamin and of a little girl4 ,the portrait of ,margot is an ideal picture of a happy child1 seated at a table1 resting her head on her left hand while with the right she turns the leaves of a book4 ,a toy chicken and a doll are on the table beside her4 ,in the ,salon of #aijc she exhibited five pictures of flowers and another called the ,child with ,long ,hair4 ,i was first interested in this artist by the frequent references to her and her work in the journal of ,marie ,bashkirtseff4 ,they were fellow-pupils in the ,julian ,academy4 ,soon after she began her studies there ,marie ,bashkirtseff writes3 ,breslau has been working at the studio two years1 and she is twenty2 ,i am seventeen1 but ,breslau had taken lessons for a long time before coming here4444 ,how well that ,breslau draws6 ,that miserable ,breslau has composed a picture1 ',monday ,morning1 or the ,choice of a ,model4' ,every one belonging to the studio is in it--,julian standing between ,amalie and me4 ,it is correctly done1 the perspective is good1 the likenesses--everything4 ,when one can do a thing like that1 one cannot fail to become a great artist4 ,you have guessed it1 have you not8 ,i am jealous4 ,that is well1 for it will serve as a stimulus to me4 ,i am jealous of ,breslau4 ,she does not draw at all like a woman4 ,i am terrified when ,i think of the future that awaits ,breslau2 it fills me with wonder and sadness4 ,in her compositions there is nothing womanish1 commonplace1 or disproportioned4 ,she will attract attention at the ,salon1 for1 in addition to her treatment of it1 the subject itself will not be a common one4 ,the above prophecy has been generously fulfilled4 ,mlle4 ,breslau is indeed a poet in her ability to picture youth and its sweet intimacies1 and she does this so easily4 ,with a touch she reveals the grace of one and the affectations of another subject of her brush1 and skilfully renders the varying emotions in the faces of her pictures4 ,pleasure and suffering1 the fleeting thought of the child1 the agitation of the young girl are all depicted with rare truthfulness4 b,,brewster1 ,,ada ,,augusta4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,brickdale1 ,,miss ,,eleanor ,,fortescue4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,bricci ,,or ,,brizio1 ,,plautilla4_/b ,very little is known of this ,roman artist of the seventeenth century1 but that little marks her as an unusually gifted woman1 since she was a practical architect and a painter of pictures4 ,she was associated with her brother in some architectural works in and near ,rome1 and was the only woman of her time in this profession4 ,she is believed to have erected a small palace near the ,porta ,san ,pancrazio1 unaided by her brother1 and is credited with having designed in the ,church of ,san ,luigi de' ,francesi the third chapel on the left aisle1 dedicated to ,st4 ,louis1 and with having also painted the altar-piece in this chapel4 b,,bridges1 ,,fidelia4_/b ,associate of the ,national ,academy of ,design in #ahgh1 when but three other women were thus honored4 ,born in ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,studied with ,w4 ,t4 ,richards in ,philadelphia1 and later in ,europe during one year4 ,she exhibited her pictures from #ahfi in ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 and ,boston4 ,her subjects were landscapes and flowers4 ,in #ahga she first painted in water-colors1 which suited many of her pictures better than oils4 ,she was elected a member of the ,water-,color ,society in #ahge4 ,to the ,philadelphia ,exposition1 #ahgf1 she sent a ,kingfisher and ,catkins1 a ,flock of ,snow ,birds1 and the ,corner of a ,rye-,field4 ,of the last a writer in the ,art ,journal said3 ,miss ,bridges' ',edge of a ,rye-,field1' with a foreground of roses and weeds1 is a close study1 and shows that she is as happy in the handling of oil colors as in those mixed with water4 ,another critic wrote3 ,her works are like little lyric poems1 and she dwells with loving touches on each of her buds1 'like blossoms atilt' among the leaves4 ,her pictures are in private collections1 and are much valued by their owners4 b,,brooks1 ,,maria4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,brownscombe1 ,,jennie4_/b ,pupil of the ,national ,academy and the ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york1 and of ,henry ,mosler in ,paris4 ,paints genre subjects1 among which are3 ,love's ,young ,dream1 ,colonial ,minuet1 ,sir ,roger de ,coverly at ,carvel ,hall1 ,battle of ,roses1 etc4 ,the works of this artist have been reproduced in engravings and etchings1 and are well known in black and white4 ,her water-colors1 too1 have been published in photogravure4 ,miss ,brownscombe exhibits at many ,american exhibitions and has had her work accepted at the ,royal ,academy1 ,london4 b,,browne1 ,,matilda4_/b ,honorable mention at ,chicago1 #ahic2 ,dodge prize at ,national ,academy of ,design1 #ahii2 ,hallgarten prize1 #aija4 ,born in ,newark1 ,new ,jersey4 ,pupil of ,miss ,kate ,greatorex2 of ,carleton ,wiggins1 ,new ,york2 of the ,julian ,academy1 ,paris2 of ,h4 ,s4 ,birbing in ,holland1 and of ,jules ,dupr on the coast of ,france4 ,when a child this artist lived very near ,thomas ,moran and was allowed to spend much time in his studio1 where she learned the use of colors4 ,she exhibited her first picture at the ,national ,academy of ,design when twelve years old1 and has been a constant contributor to its exhibitions since that time2 also to the exhibitions of the ,american ,water-,color ,society4 ,her earliest pictures were of flowers1 and during several years she had no teacher4 ,at length she decided to study battle painting1 and1 after a summer under ,carleton ,wiggins1 she went abroad1 in #ahij1 and remained two years1 painting in the schools in winter and out of doors in summer4 ,miss ,browne exhibited at the ,salon des ,beaux-,arts in #ahij1 and many of her works have been seen in exhibits in this country4 ,the ,dodge prize was awarded to a picture called ,the ,last ,load1 and the ,hallgarten prize to ,repose1 a moonlight scene with cattle4 ,her pictures are in private collections4 b,,brown1 ,,mrs4 ,,agnes--,,mrs4 ,,john ,,appleton ,,brown4_/b ,born in ,newburyport4 ,this artist paints in oils4 ,her subjects are landscapes1 flowers1 and still life4 ,she has also painted cats successfully4 ,i have a winter landscape by ,mrs4 ,brown which is unusually attractive and is often admired4 ,she sends her works to the exhibitions of the ,boston ,art ,club and to some exhibitions in ,new ,york4 b,,browne1 ,,mme4 ,,henriette4_/b ,born at ,paris2 #ahbi-aija4 ,pupil of ,chaplin4 ,the family name of this artist was ,bouteiller1 and she married ,m4 ,jules de ,saux1 but as an artist used the name of an ancestress4 ,her pictures of genre subjects very early attracted attention1 especially in #ahee1 when she sent to the ,salon ,a ,brother of the ,christian ,school1 ,school for the ,poor at ,aix1 ,mutual ,instruction1 and ,rabbits4 ,her works were popular and brought good prices4 ,in #ahfh ,the ,sisters of ,charity sold for #a1cbj4 ,in #ahgh she exhibited ,a ,grandmother and ,convalescence4 ,her ,oriental scenes were much admired4 ,among these were ,a ,court in ,damascus1 ,nubian ,dancing ,girls1 and a ,harem in ,constantinople4 ,mme4 ,browne was also skilful as an engraver4 ,t4 ,chasrel wrote in ,l',art3 ,her touch without over-minuteness has the delicacy and security of a fine work of the needle4 ,the accent is just without that seeking for virile energy which too often spoils the most charming qualities4 ,the sentiment is discreet without losing its intensity in order to attract public notice4 ,the painting of ,mme4 ,henriette ,browne is at an equal distance from grandeur and insipidity1 from power and affectation1 and gathers from the just balance of her nature some effects of taste and charm of which a parvenu in art would be incapable4 ,the late ,rev4 ,charles ,kingsley wrote of the picture of the ,sisters of ,charity1 of the sale of which ,i have spoken1 as follows3 ,the picture which is the best modern instance of this happy hitting of this golden mean1 whereby beauty and homely fact are perfectly combined1 is in my eyes ,henrietta ,browne's picture of the ',sick ,child and the ,sisters of ,charity4' ,i know not how better to show that it is easy to be at once beautiful and true1 if one only knows how1 than by describing that picture4 ,criticise it1 ,i dare not2 for ,i believe that it will surely be ranked hereafter among the very highest works of modern art4 ,if ,i find no fault in it1 it is because ,i have none to find2 because the first sight of the picture produced in me instantaneous content and confidence4 ,there was nothing left to wish for1 nothing to argue about4 ,the thing was what it ought to be1 and neither more nor less1 and ,i could look on it1 not as a critic1 but as a learner only4 ,this is praise indeed from an ,englishman writing of a ,frenchwoman's picture--an ,englishman with no temptation to say what he did not think2 and we may accept his words as the exact expression of the effect the picture made on him4 b,,brune1 ,,mme4 ,,aim,e ,,pag,s4_/b ,medal of second class at ,salon of #ahca2 first class in #ahda4 ,born in ,paris4 #ahjc-ff4 ,pupil of ,charles ,meynier4 ,painted historical and genre subjects4 ,in #ahca she exhibited ,undine1 the ,elopement1 ,sleep1 and ,awakening4 ,in #ahda a picture of ,moses4 ,she painted several ,bible scenes1 among which were the ,daughter of ,jairus and ,jephthah's ,daughter4 b,,buechmann1 ,,frau ,,helene4_/b ,her pictures have been seen at some annual exhibitions in ,germany1 but she is best known by her portraits of celebrated persons4 ,born in ,berlin1 #ahdi4 ,pupil of ,steffeck and ,gussow4 ,among her portraits are those of ,princess ,carolath-,beuthen1 ,countess ,brhl1 ,prince and ,princess ,biron von ,kurland1 and the youngest son of ,prince ,radziwill4 ,she resides in ,brussels4 b,,butler1 ,,mildred ,a4_/b ,associate of the ,royal ,society of ,painters in ,water-,colors and of the ,society of ,lady ,artists4 ,pupil of ,naftel1 ,calderon1 and ,garstin4 ,has exhibited at the ,royal ,academy and ,new ,gallery4 ,her picture called the ,morning ,bath1 exhibited at the ,academy in #ahif1 was purchased under the ,chantry ,bequest and is in the ,tate ,gallery4 ,it is a water-color1 valued at #ej4 ,miss ,butler exhibited ,a ,corner of the ,bargello1 ,florence1 at the ,london ,academy in #aijc4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,butler1 ,,lady ,,elizabeth4_/b ,born in ,lausanne about #ahdd4 ,elizabeth ,southerden ,thompson4 ,as a child this artist was fond of drawing soldiers and horses4 ,she studied at the ,south ,kensington ,school1 at ,florence under ,bellucci1 and in ,rome4 ,she worked as an amateur some years1 first exhibiting at the ,academy in #ahgc her picture called ,missing1 which was praised2 but the ,roll-,call1 of the following year1 placed her in the front rank of the ,academy exhibitors4 ,it was purchased by the ,queen and hung in ,windsor ,castle4 ,she next exhibited the ,twenty-,eighth ,regiment at ,quatre ,bras1 the ,return from ,inkerman1 purchased by the ,fine ,art ,society for #c1jjj4 ,this was followed by kindred subjects4 ,in #ahij ,lady ,butler exhibited ,evicted1 in #ahia the ,camel ,corps1 in #ahib ,halt in a ,forced ,march1 in #ahie the ,dawn of ,waterloo1 in #ahif ,steady the ,drums and ,fifes1 in #aijb ,tent ,pegging in ,india1 in #aijc ,within ,sound of the ,guns4 ,in #ahfi she painted a religious picture called the ,magnificat4 ,in water-colors she has painted ,sketches in ,tuscany and several pictures of soldiers1 among which are ,scot's ,grays ,advancing and ,cavalry at a ,gallop4 ,lady ,butler has recently appeared as an author1 publishing ,letters from the ,holy ,land1 illustrated by sixteen most attractive drawings in colors4 ,the ,spectator says3 ,lady ,butler's letters and diary1 the outcome of a few weeks' journeyings in ,palestine1 express simply and forcibly the impressions made on a devout and cultivated mind by the scenes of the ,holy ,land4 ,in #ahge ,ruskin wrote in ,notes of the ,academy3 ,i never approached a picture with more iniquitous prejudice against it than ,i did ,miss ,thompson's--',quatre ,bras'--partly because ,i have always said that no woman could paint1 and secondly because ,i thought what the public made such a fuss about must be good for nothing4 ,but it is ,amazon's work this1 no doubt of it1 and the first fine pre-,raphaelite picture of battle we have had2 profoundly interesting1 and showing all manner of illustrative and realistic faculty4444 ,the sky is most tenderly painted1 and with the truest outline of cloud of all in the ,exhibition2 and the terrific piece of gallant wrath and ruin on the extreme left1 when the cuirassier is catching round the neck of his horse as he falls1 and the convulsed fallen horse1 seen through the smoke below1 is wrought through all the truth of its frantic passion with gradations of color and shade which ,i have not seen the like of since ,turner's death4 ,the ,art ,journal1 #ahgg1 says3 ',inkerman' is simply a marvellous production when considered as the work of a young woman who was never on the field of battle4444 ,no matter how many figures she brings into the scene1 or how few1 you may notice character in each figure1 each is a superb study4 ,her recent picture1 ,within ,sound of the ,guns1 shows a company of mounted soldiers on the confines of a river in ,south ,africa4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,cameron1 ,,katherine4_/b ,member of the ,royal ,scottish ,society of ,painters in ,water-,colors2 ,modern ,sketch ,club1 ,london2 ,ladies' ,art ,club1 ,glasgow4 ,born in ,glasgow4 ,studied at ,glasgow ,school of ,art under ,professor ,newbery1 and at the ,colarossi ,academy1 ,paris1 under ,raphael ,collin and ,gustave ,courtois4 ,her pictures are of genre subjects principally1 and are in private collections4 ',the ,sea ,urchin1' ,miss ,cameron writes1 is in one of the public collections of ,germany4 ,i cannot remember which4 ,she also says3 ,except for my diploma ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 and having my drawings sometimes in places of honor1 usually on the line1 and often reproduced in magazines1 ,i have no other honors4 ,i have no medals4 ,in the ,magazine of ,art1 ,june1 #aijc1 her picture of a ,bull ,fight in ,madrid is reproduced4 ,it is full of action and true to the life of these horrors as ,i have seen them in ,madrid4 ,doubtless the color is brilliant1 as the costumes of the toreadors are always so1 and there are two in this picture4 ,this work was displayed at the exhibition of the ,royal ,scottish ,academy1 ,june1 #aijc--of which a writer says3 ,a feeling for color has always been predominant in the ,scottish school1 and it is here conspicuously displayed1 together with a method of handling1 be it in the domain of figure or landscape1 which is personal to the artist and not a mere academic tradition4 ,in the ,studio of ,may1 #aijc1 ,j4 ,l4 ,c41 who writes of the same exhibition1 calls this picture admirable in both action and color4 b,,carl1 ,,kate ,a4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahij2 ,chevalier of the ,legion of ,honor1 #ahif2 honorable mention1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,associ de la ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts4 ,born in ,new ,orleans4 ,pupil of ,julian ,academy and of ,courtois in ,paris4 ,this artist's name has been made prominent by the fact of her being selected to paint a portrait of the ,empress of ,china4 ,miss ,carl has frequently exhibited at the ,salon4 ,in #aijb she sent portraits in both oil and water-colors4 ,one of these works1 called ,angelina1 impresses one as a faithful portrait of a model4 ,she is seated and gracefully posed--the face is in a full front view1 the figure turned a little to one side and nude to the waist1 the hands are folded on the lap and hold a flower1 a gauze-like drapery falls about the left shoulder and the arms1 but does not conceal them2 the background is a brocade or tapestry curtain4 ,i have seen a reproduction only1 and cannot speak of the color4 ,the whole effect of the picture is attractive4 ,for the purpose of painting the portrait of the ,chinese ,empress1 ,miss ,carl was assigned an apartment in the palace4 ,it is said that the picture was to be finished in ,december1 #aijc1 and will probably be seen at the ,st4 ,louis ,exhibition4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,carlisle1 ,,mistress ,,anne4_/b ,died in #afhj4 ,was a favorite artist of ,king ,charles ,i4 ,it is said that on one occasion the ,king bought a quantity of ultramarine1 for which he paid #ejj1 and divided it between ,vandyck and ,mistress ,carlisle4 ,her copies after the ,italian masters were of great excellence4 ,she painted in oils as well as in water-colors4 ,one of her pictures represents her as teaching a lady to use the brush4 ,when we remember that ,charles1 who was so constantly in contact with ,vandyck1 could praise ,mistress ,carlisle1 we must believe her to have been a good painter4 ,mistress ,anne has sometimes been confounded with the ,countess of ,carlisle1 who was distinguished as an engraver of the works of ,salvator ,rosa1 etc4 b,,carpenter1 ,,margaret ,,sarah4_/b ,the largest gold medal and other honors from the ,society of ,arts1 ,london4 ,born at ,salisbury1 ,england4 #agic-ahgb4 ,pupil of a local artist in ,salisbury when quite young4 ,lord ,radnor's attention was called to her talent1 and he permitted her to copy in the gallery of ,longford ,castle1 and advised her sending her pictures to ,london1 and later to go there herself4 ,she made an immediate success as a portrait painter1 and from #ahad during fifty-two years her pictures were annually exhibited at the ,academy with a few rare exceptions4 ,her family name was ,geddis2 her husband was ,keeper of the ,prints and ,drawings in the ,british ,museum more than twenty years1 and after his death his wife received a pension of #ajj a year in recognition of his services4 ,her portraits were considered excellent as likenesses2 her touch was firm1 her color brilliant1 and her works in oils and water-colors as well as her miniatures were much esteemed4 ,many of them were engraved4 ,her portrait of the sculptor ,gibson is in the ,national ,portrait ,gallery1 ,london4 ,a life-size portrait of ,anthony ,stewart1 miniature painter1 called ,devotion1 and the ,sisters1 portraits of ,mrs4 ,carpenter's daughters1 with a picture of ,ockham ,church1 are at ,south ,kensington4 ,she painted a great number of portraits of titled ladies which are in the collections of their families4 ,among the more remarkable were those of ,lady ,eastnor1 #ahbe2 ,lady ,king1 daughter of ,lord ,byron1 #ahce2 ,countess ,ribblesdale1 etc4 ,her portraits of ,fraser ,tytler1 ,john ,girkin1 and ,bonington are in the ,national ,portrait ,gallery1 ,london4 ,in the ,south ,kensington ,gallery are her pictures of ,devotion--,st4 ,francis1 which is a life-size study of ,anthony ,stewart1 the miniature painter2 ,the ,sisters1 ,ockham ,church1 and ,an ,old ,woman ,spinning4 b,,carpentier1 ,,mlle4 ,,madeleine4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahij2 third-class medal1 #ahif4 ,born in ,paris1 #ahfe4 ,pupil of ,bonnefoy and of ,jules ,lefebvre at the ,julian ,academy4 ,since #ahhe this artist has exhibited many portraits as well as flower and fruit pieces1 these last in water-colors4 ,in #ahif her pictures were the ,communicants and the ,candles1 a pastel1 purchased by the city of ,paris2 ,among ,friends is in the ,museum of ,bordeaux4 ,at the ,salon of the ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 ,mlle4 ,carpentier exhibited a picture called ,reflection1 and in #aijc a portrait of ,mme4 ,l4 ,t4 and the ,little ,goose-,herders4 b,,carriera1 ,,rosalba_/b1 better known as ,rosalba4 ,born in ,venice #afge-ageg--;and had an eventful life4 ,her artistic talent was first manifested in lace-weaving1 which as a child she preferred before any games or amusements4 ,she studied painting under several masters1 technique under ,antonio ,balestra1 pastel-painting with ,antonio ,nazari and ,diamantini1 and miniature painting1 in which she was especially distinguished1 was taught her by her brother-in-law1 ,antonio ,pellegrini1 whom she later accompanied to ,paris and ,london and assisted in the decorative works he executed there4 ,rosalba's fame in ,venice was such that she was invited to the courts of ,france and ,austria1 where she painted many portraits4 ,she was honored by election to the ,academies of ,rome1 ,bologna1 and ,paris4 ,this artist especially excelled in portraits of pretty women1 while her portraits of men were well considered4 ,among the most important were those of the ,emperor ,charles1 the kings of ,france and ,denmark1 and many other distinguished persons1 both men and women4 ,the ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany asked for her own portrait for his gallery4 ,she represented herself with one of her sisters4 ,her face is noble and most expressive1 but1 like many of her pictures1 while the head is spirited and characteristic1 the rest of the figure and the accessories are weak4 ,a second portrait of herself--in crayons--is in the ,dresden ,gallery1 and is very attractive4 ,while in ,england ,rosalba painted many portraits in crayon and pastel1 in which art she was not surpassed by any artist of her day4 ,her diary of two years in ,paris was published in ,venice4 ,it is curious and interesting1 as it sets forth the customs of society1 and especially those of artists of the period4 ,returning to ,venice1 ,rosalba suffered great depression and was haunted by a foreboding of calamity4 ,she lived very quietly4 ,in his ,storia della ,pittura ,veneziana1 ,zanetti writes of her at this time3 ,much of interest may be written of this celebrated and highly gifted woman1 whose spirit1 in the midst of her triumphs and the brightest visions of happiness1 was weighed down by the anticipation of a heavy calamity4 ,on one occasion she painted a portrait of herself1 the brow wreathed with leaves which symbolized death4 ,she explained this as an image of the sadness in which her life would end4 ,alas1 this was but too prophetic6 ,before she was fifty years old she lost her sight1 and gradually the light of reason also1 and her darkness was complete4 ,an ,italian writer tells the following story3 ,nature had endowed ,rosalba with lofty aspirations and a passionate soul2 her heart yearned for the admiration which her lack of personal attraction forbade her receiving4 ,she fully realized her plainness before the ,emperor ,charles ,,xi4 rudely brought it home to her4 ,when presented to him by the artist ,bertoli1 the ,emperor exclaimed3 ',she may be clever1 ,bertoli mio1 this painter of thine1 but she is remarkably ugly4' ,from which it would appear that ,charles had not believed his mirror1 since his ugliness far exceeded that of ,rosalba6 ,her dark eyes1 fine brow1 good expression1 and graceful pose of the head1 as shown in her portrait1 impress one more favorably than would be anticipated from this story4 ,many of ,rosalba's works have been reproduced by engravings2 a collection of one hundred and fifty-seven of these are in the ,dresden ,gallery1 together with several of her pictures4 b,,cassatt1 ,,mary4_/b ,born in ,pittsburg4 ,studied in ,pennsylvania schools1 and under ,soyer and ,bellay in ,paris4 ,she has lived and travelled much in ,europe1 and her pictures1 which are of genre subjects1 include scenes in ,france1 ,italy1 ,spain1 and ,holland4 ,among her principal works are ,la tasse de th1 ,le lever du bb1 ,reading1 ,mre et ,enfant1 and ,caresse ,maternelle4 ,miss ,cassatt has exhibited at the ,paris ,salon1 the ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york1 and various other exhibitions1 but her works are rarely if ever exhibited in recent days4 ,it is some years since ,william ,walton wrote of her3 ,but in general she seems to have attained that desirable condition1 coveted by artists1 of being able to dispense with the annual exhibitions4 ,miss ,cassatt executed a large1 decorative picture for the north tympanum of the ,woman's ,building at the ,columbian ,exhibition4 ,a writer in the ,century ,magazine1 ,march1 #ahii1 says3 ,of the colony of ,american artists1 who for a decade or two past have made ,paris their home1 few have been more interesting and none more serious than ,miss ,cassatt4444 ,miss ,cassatt has found her true bent in her recent pictures of children and in the delineation of happy maternity4 ,these she has portrayed with delicacy1 refinement1 and sentiment4 ,her technique appeals equally to the layman and the artist1 and her color has all the tenderness and charm that accompanies so engaging a motif4 ,in ,november1 #aijc1 ,miss ,cassatt held an exhibition of her works in ,new ,york4 ,at the winter exhibition of the ,philadelphia ,academy1 #aijd1 she exhibited a group1 a mother and children1 one child quite nude4 ,arthur ,hoeber described it as securing great charm of manner1 of color1 and of grace4 b,,cattaneo1 ,,maria4_/b ,bronze medal at the ,national ,exposition1 ,parma1 #ahgj2 silver medal at ,florence1 #ahga2 silver medal at the centenary of ,ariosto at ,ferrara4 ,made an honorary member of the ,brera ,academy1 ,milan1 #ahgd1 an honor rarely conferred on a woman2 elected to the ,academy of ,urbino1 #ahge4 ,born in ,milan4 ,pupil of her father and of ,angelo ,rossi4 ,she excels in producing harmony between all parts of her works4 ,she has an exquisite sense of color and a rare technique4 ,good examples of her work are ,the ,flowers of ,cleopatra1 ,the ,return from the ,country1 ,an ,excursion by ,gondola4 ,she married the artist1 ,pietro ,michis4 ,her picture of the ,fish ,market in ,venice attracted much attention when it appeared in #ahhg2 it was a most accurate study from life4 b,,charpentier1 ,,constance ,,marie4_/b ,pupil of ,david4 ,her best known works were ,ulysses ,finding ,young ,astyanax at ,hector's ,grave and ,alexander ,weeping at the ,death of the ,wife of ,darius4 ,these were extraordinary as the work of a woman4 ,their size1 with the figures as large as life1 made them appear to be ambitious1 as they were certainly unusual4 ,her style was praised by the admirers of ,david1 to whose teaching she did credit4 ,the disposition of her figures was good1 the details of her costumes and accessories were admirably correct1 but her color was hard and she was generally thought to be wanting in originality and too close a follower of her master4 b,,charretie1 ,,anna ,,maria4_/b #ahai-ge4 ,her first exhibitions at the ,royal ,academy1 ,london1 were miniatures and flower pieces4 ,later she painted portraits and figure subjects1 as well as flowers4 ,in #ahgb ,lady ,betty ,germain was greatly admired for the grace of the figure and the exquisite finish of the details4 ,in #ahgc she exhibited ,lady ,betty's ,maid and ,lady ,betty ,shopping4 ,lady ,teazle ,behind the ,screen was dated #ahga1 and ,mistress of ,herself tho' ,china ,fall was painted and exhibited in the last year of her life4 b,,chase1 ,,adelaide ,,cole4_/b ,member of ,art ,students' ,association4 ,born in ,boston4 ,daughter of ,j4 ,foxcroft ,cole4 ,studied at the ,school of the ,museum of ,fine ,arts1 under ,tarbell1 and also under ,jean ,paul ,laurens and ,carolus ,duran in ,paris2 and with ,vinton in ,boston4 ,mrs4 ,chase has painted portraits entirely1 most of which are in or near ,boston2 her artistic reputation among painters of her own specialty is excellent1 and her portraits are interesting aside from the persons represented1 when considered purely as works of art4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,copley ,print4 ,a ,,portrait ,,adelaide ,,cole ,,chase ,a portrait called a ,woman with a ,muff1 exhibited recently at the exhibition of the ,society of ,american ,artists1 in ,new ,york1 was much admired4 ,at the #aijd exhibition of the ,philadelphia ,academy ,mrs4 ,chase exhibited a portrait of children1 ,constance and ,gordon ,worcester1 of which ,arthur ,hoeber writes3 ,she has painted them easily1 with deftness and feeling1 and apparently caught their character and the delicacy of infancy4 b,,chauchet1 ,,charlotte4_/b ,honorable mention at the ,salon1 #aija2 third-class medal1 #aijb4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais and of l',union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs4 ,born at ,charleville1 ,ardennes1 in #ahgh4 ,pupil of ,gabriel ,thurner1 ,benjamin-,constant1 ,jean ,paul ,laurens1 and ,victor ,marec4 ,her principal works are ,mare--,fish--#ahii1 purchased for the lottery of the ,international ,exposition at ,lille2 ,breton ,interior1 purchased by the ,society of the ,friends of the ,arts1 at ,nantes2 ,mother ,closmadenc ,dressing ,fish1 in the ,museum of ,brest2 ,interior of a ,kitchen at ,mont1 purchased by the ,government2 ,portrait of my ,grandmother1 which obtained honorable mention2 ,at the ,corner of the ,fire1 ,a ,little ,girl in the ,open ,air1 medal of third class4 ,the works of ,mlle4 ,chauchet have been much praised4 ,the ,petit ,moniteur1 ,june1 #ahii1 says3 ,mlle4 ,chauchet1 a very young girl1 in her picture of a ',breton ,interior' shows a vigor and decision very rare in a woman4 ,of the ,mare1 the ,dpche de ,brest says3 ,on a sombre background1 in artistic disorder1 thrown pell-mell on the ground1 are baskets and a shining copper kettle1 with a mass of fish of all sorts1 of varied forms1 and changing colors4 ,all well painted4 ,such is the picture by ,mlle4 ,chauchet4 ,in the ,courrier de l',est we read3 ,mlle4 ,chauchet1 taking her grandmother for her model1 has painted one of the best portraits of the ,salon4 ,the hands1 deformed by disease and age1 are especially effective2 the delicate tone of the hair in contrast with the lace of the cap makes an attractive variation in white4 ,in the ,union ,rpublicaine de la ,marne1 ,h4 ,bernard writes3 ',le retour des champs' is a picture of the plain of ,berry at evening4 ,we see the back of a peasant1 nude above the blue linen pantaloons1 with the feet in wooden sabots4 ,he is holding his tired1 heavy cow by the tether4 ,the setting sun lights up his powerful bronzed back1 his prominent shoulders1 and the hindquarters of the cow4 ,it is all unusually strong2 the drawing is firm and very bold in the foreshortening of the animal4 ,the effect of the whole is a little sad2 the sobriety of the execution emphasizes this effect1 and1 above all1 there is in it no suggestion of the feminine4 ,i have already noticed this quality of almost brutal sincerity1 of picturesque realism1 in the works of ,mlle4 ,chauchet who successfully follows her methods4 ,chausse1 ,mlle4 ,ccile de4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,ch,,ron1 ,,elizabeth ,,sophie4_/b ,born in ,paris in #afdh4 ,her father was an artist1 and under his instruction ,elizabeth attained such perfection in miniature and enamel painting that her works were praised by the most distinguished artists4 ,in #afgd ,charles le ,brun proposed her name and she was elected to the ,academy4 ,her exquisite taste in the arrangement of her subjects1 the grace of her draperies1 and1 above all1 the refinement and spirituality of her pictures1 were the characteristics on which her fame was based4 ,her life outside her art was interesting4 ,her father was a rigid ,calvinist1 and endeavored to influence his daughter to adopt his religious belief2 but her mother1 who was a fervent ,roman ,catholic1 persuaded ,elizabeth to pass a year in a convent1 during which time she ardently embraced the faith of her mother4 ,she was an affectionate daughter to both her parents and devoted her earnings to her brother ,louis1 who made his studies in ,italy4 ,in her youth ,elizabeth ,chron seemed insensible to the attractions of the brilliant men in her social circle1 and was indifferent to the offers of marriage which she received2 but when sixty years old1 to the surprise of her friends1 she married ,monsieur ,le ,hay1 a gentleman of her own age4 ,one of her biographers1 leaving nothing to the imagination1 assures us that substantial esteem and respect were the foundations of their matrimonial happiness1 rather than any pretence of romantic sentiment4 ,mlle4 ,chron's narrative verse was much admired and her spiritual poetry was thought to resemble that of ,j4 ,b4 ,rousseau4 ,in #afii she was elected to the ,accademia dei ,ricovrati of ,padua1 where she was known as ,erato4 ,the honors bestowed on her did not lessen the modesty of her bearing4 ,she was simple in dress1 courteous in her intercourse with her inferiors1 and to the needy a helpful friend4 ,she died when sixty-three and was buried in the church of ,st4 ,sulpice4 ,i translate the lines written by the ,abb ,bosquillon and placed beneath her portrait3 ,the unusual possession of two exquisite talents will render ,chron an ornament to ,france for all time4 ,nothing save the grace of her brush could equal the excellencies of her pen4 ,pictures by this artist are seen in various collections in ,france1 but the larger number of her works were portraits which are in the families of her subjects4 b,,cherry1 ,,emma ,,richardson4_/b ,gold medal from ,western ,art ,association in #ahia4 ,member of above association and of the ,denver ,art ,club4 ,born at ,aurora1 ,illinois1 #ahei4 ,pupil of ,julian and ,delcluse ,academies in ,paris1 also of ,merson1 and of the ,art ,students' ,league in ,new ,york4 ,mrs4 ,cherry is a portrait painter1 and in #aijc was much occupied in this art in ,chicago and vicinity4 ,among her sitters were ,mr4 ,orrington ,lunt1 the donor of the ,library of the ,northwestern ,university1 and ,bishop ,foster1 a former president of the same university2 these are to be placed in the library4 ,a portrait by ,mrs4 ,cherry of a former president of the ,american ,society of ,civil ,engineers1 ,mr4 ,o4 ,chanute1 is to be placed in the club rooms of the society in ,new ,york4 ,it has been done at the request of the society4 ,an exhibition of ten portraits by this artist was held in ,chicago in #aijc1 and was favorably noticed4 ,mrs4 ,cherry resides in ,houston1 ,texas4 b,,clement1 ,,ethel4_/b ,this artist has received several awards from ,california ,state fair exhibits1 and her pastel portrait of her mother was hung on the line at the ,salon of #ahih4 ,member of ,san ,francisco ,art ,association and of the ,sketch ,club of that city4 ,born in ,san ,francisco in #ahgd4 ,her studies began in her native city with drawing from the antique and from life under ,fred ,yates4 ,at the ,cowles ,art ,school1 ,boston1 and the ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york1 she spent three winters1 and at the ,julian ,academy1 ,paris1 three other winters1 drawing from life and painting in oils under the teaching of ,jules ,lefebvre and ,robert-,fleury1 supplementing these studies by that of landscape in oils under ,george ,lauge in ,picardie4 ,her portraits1 figure subjects1 and landscapes are numerous1 and are principally in private collections1 a large proportion being in ,san ,francisco4 ,her recent work has been landscape painting in ,new ,england4 ,in #aijc she exhibited a number of pictures in ,boston which attracted favorable attention4 b,,cohen1 ,,katherine ,m4_/b ,honorary member of the ,american ,art ,association1 ,paris1 and of the ,new ,century ,club1 ,philadelphia4 ,born in ,philadelphia1 #ahei4 ,pupil of ,school of ,design1 ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 and of ,st4 ,gaudens at ,art ,students' ,league2 also six years in ,paris schools4 ,this artist executed a portrait of ,general ,beaver for the ,smith ,memorial in ,fairmount ,park4 ,she has made many portraits in busts and bas-reliefs1 as well as imaginary subjects and decorative works4 ,the ,israelite is a life-size statue and an excellent work4 b,,collaert1 ,,marie4_/b ,born in ,brussels1 #ahdb4 ,is called the ,flemish ,rosa ,bonheur and the ,muse of ,belgian landscape4 ,her pictures of country life are most attractive4 ,her powerful handling of her brush is modified by a tender1 feminine sentiment4 ,i quote from the ,history of ,modern ,painters3 ,in ,marie ,collaert's pictures may be found quiet nooks beneath clear sky-green stretches of grass where the cows are at pasture in idyllic peace4 ,here is to be found the cheery freshness of country life4 b,,coman1 ,,charlotte ,b4_/b ,bronze medal1 ,california ,mid-,winter ,exposition1 #ahid4 ,member of ,new ,york ,water-,color ,club4 ,born in ,waterville1 ,n4 ,y4 ,pupil of ,j4 ,r4 ,brevoort in ,america1 of ,harry ,thompson and mile ,vernier in ,paris4 ,this artist has painted landscapes1 and sent to the ,philadelphia ,exposition in #ahgf ,a ,french ,village2 to the ,paris ,exposition1 #ahgh1 ,near ,fontainebleau4 ,in #ahgg and #ahgh she exhibited in ,boston1 ,on the ,borders of the ,marne and ,peasant ,house in ,normandy4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,comerre-,,paton1 ,,mme4 ,,jacqueline4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahha2 medal at ,versailles2 officer of the ,academy4 ,born at ,paris1 #ahei4 ,pupil of ,cabanel4 ,her principal works are3 ,peau d',ane1 ,hollandaise1 in the ,museum of ,lille2 ,song of the ,wood1 ,museum of ,morlaix2 ,mignon1 portrait of ,mlle4 ,ugalde2 the ,haymaker1 etc4 b,,cookesley1 ,,margaret ,,murray4_/b ,decorated by the ,sultan of ,turkey with the ,order of the ,chefakat1 and with the ,medaille des ,beaux ,arts1 also a ,turkish honor4 ,medal for the ,lion ,tamers in the ,time of ,nero4 ,member of the ,empress ,club4 ,born in ,dorsetshire4 ,studied in ,brussels under ,leroy and ,gallais1 and spent a year at ,south ,kensington in the study of anatomy4 ,mrs4 ,cookesley has lived in ,newfoundland and in ,san ,francisco4 ,a visit to ,constantinople brought her a commission to paint a portrait of the son of the ,sultan4 ,no sittings were accorded her1 the ,sultan thinking a photograph sufficient for the artist to work from4 ,fortunately ,mrs4 ,cookesley was able to make a sketch of her subject while following the royal carriage in which he was riding4 ,the portrait proved so satisfactory to the ,sultan that he not only decorated the artist1 but invited her to make portraits of some of his wives1 for which ,mrs4 ,cookesley had not time4 ,her pictures of ,oriental subjects have been successful4 ,among these are3 ,an ,arab ,caf in the ,slums of ,cairo1 much noticed in the ,academy ,exhibition of #ahie2 ,noon at ,ramazan1 ,the ,snake-,charmer1 ,umbrellas to ,mend--,damascus1 and a group of the ,soudanese ,friends of ,gordon4 ,her ,priestess of ,isis is owned in ,cairo4 ,among her pictures of ,western subjects are ,the ,puritan's ,daughter1 ,deliver ,us from ,evil1 ,the ,gambler's ,wife4 ,widowed and ,miss ,calhoun as ,salome were purchased by ,maclean1 of the ,haymarket ,theatre2 ,death of the ,first-,born is owned in ,russia2 and ,portrait of ,ellen ,terry as ,imogen is in a private collection4 ,lion ,tamers in the ,time of ,nero is one of her important pictures of animals1 of which she has made many sketches4 b,,cooper1 ,,emma ,,lampert4_/b ,awarded medal at ,world's ,columbian ,exposition1 #ahic2 bronze medal1 ,atlanta ,exposition1 #ahie4 ,member of ,water-,color ,club and ,woman's ,art ,club1 ,new ,york2 ,water-,color ,club and ,plastic ,club1 ,philadelphia2 ,woman's ,art ,association1 ,canada2 ,women's ,international ,art ,club1 ,london4 ,born in ,nunda1 ,n4 ,y4 ,studied under ,agnes ,d4 ,abbatt at ,cooper ,union and at the ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york2 in ,paris under ,harry ,thompson and at ,delcluse and ,colarossi ,academies4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,canadian ,,interior ,,emma ,,lampert ,,cooper ,mrs4 ,cooper's work is principally in water-colors4 ,after several years abroad1 in the spring of #aijc she exhibited twenty-two pictures1 principally of ,dutch interiors1 with some sketches in ,english towns1 which last1 being more unusual1 were thought her best work4 ,her picture1 ,mother ,claudius1 is in the collection of ,walter ,j4 ,peck1 ,new ,york2 ,high ,noon at ,cape ,ann is owned by ,w4 ,b4 ,lockwood1 ,new ,york2 and a ,holland ,interior by ,dr4 ,gessler1 ,philadelphia4 ,of her recent exhibition a critic writes3 ,the pictures are notable for their careful attention to detail of drawing4 ,architectural features of the rich old ,gothic churches are faithfully indicated instead of blurred1 and the treatment is almost devotional in tone1 so sympathetic is the quality of the work4 ,there is a total absence of the garish coloring which has become so common1 the religious subjects being without exception in a minor key1 usually soft grays and blues4 ,it is indeed in composition and careful drawing that this artist excels rather than in coloring1 although this afterthought is suggested by the canvasses treating of secular subjects4--,brooklyn ,standard ,union4 b,,corazzi1 ,,giulitta4_/b ,born at ,fivizzano1 #ahff4 ,went to ,florence when still a child and early began to study art4 ,she took a diploma at the ,academy in #ahhf1 having been a pupil of ,cassioli4 ,she is a portrait painter1 and among her best works are the portraits of the ,counts ,francesco and ,ottorino ,tenderini1 ,giuseppe ,erede1 and ,raffaello ,morvanti4 ,her pictures of flowers are full of freshness and spirit and delightful in color4 ,since #ahhe she has spent much time in teaching in the public schools and other institutions and in private families4 b,,correlli1 ,,clementina4_/b ,member of the ,society for the ,promotion of the ,fine ,arts1 in ,naples4 ,born in ,lesso1 #ahdj4 ,this artist is both a painter and a sculptor4 ,pupil of ,biagio ,molinari1 she supplemented his instructions by constant visits to galleries and museums1 where she could study masterpieces of art4 ,a statue called ,the ,undeceived and a group1 ,the ,task1 did much to establish her reputation4 ,they were exhibited in ,naples1 ,milan1 and ,verona1 and aroused widespread interest4 ,her pictures are numerous4 ,among them are ,st4 ,louis1 ,sappho1 ,petrarch and ,laura1 ,romeo and ,juliet1 ,hagar and ,ishmael in the ,desert1 ,a ,devotee of the ,virgin1 exhibited at ,turin in #ahhd2 a series illustrating the ,seasons1 and four others representing the arts4 b,,cosway1 ,,maria_/b4 ,the artist known by this name was born ,maria ,hadfield1 the daughter of an ,englishman who acquired a fortune as a hotel-keeper in ,leghorn1 which was ,maria's birthplace4 ,she was educated in a convent1 and early manifesting unusual artistic ability1 was sent to ,rome to study painting4 ,her friends there1 among whom were ,battoni1 ,raphael ,mengs1 and ,fuseli1 found much to admire and praise in her art4 ,after her father's death ,maria ardently desired to become a nun1 but her mother persuaded her to go to ,england4 ,here she came under the influence of ,angelica ,kauffman1 and devoted herself assiduously to painting4 ,she married ,richard ,cosway1 an eminent painter of miniatures in water-colors4 ,cosway was a man of fortune with a good position in the fashionable circles of ,london4 ,for a time after their marriage ,maria lived in seclusion1 her husband wishing her to acquire the dignity and grace requisite for success in the society which he frequented4 ,meantime she continued to paint in miniature1 and her pictures attracted much attention in the ,academy exhibitions4 ,when at length ,cosway introduced her to the ,london world1 she was greatly admired2 her receptions were crowded1 and the most eminent people sat to her for their portraits4 ,her picture of the ,duchess of ,devonshire in the character of ,spenser's ,cynthia was very much praised4 ,cosway did not permit her to be paid for her work1 and as a consequence many costly gifts were made her in return for her miniatures1 which were regarded as veritable treasures by their possessors4 ,maria ,cosway had a delicious voice in singing1 which1 in addition to her other talent1 her beauty1 and grace1 made her unusually popular in society1 and her house was a centre for all who had any pretensions to a place in the best circles4 ,poets1 authors1 orators1 lords1 ladies1 diplomats1 as well as the ,prince of ,wales1 were to be seen in her drawing-rooms4 ,a larger house was soon required for the ,cosways1 and the description of it in ,nollekens and ,his ,times is interesting3 ,many of the rooms were more like scenes of enchantment pencilled by a poet's fancy1 than anything perhaps before displayed in a domestic habitation4 ,escritoires of ebony1 inlaid with mother-of-pearl1 and rich caskets for antique gems1 exquisitely enamelled and adorned with onyx1 opals1 rubies1 and emeralds2 cabinets of ivory1 curiously wrought2 mosaic tables1 set with jasper1 blood-stone1 and lapis-lazuli1 their feet carved into the claws of lions and eagles2 screens of old raised ,oriental ,japan2 massive musical clocks1 richly chased with ormulu and tortoise-shell2 ottomans superbly damasked2 ,persian and other carpets1 with corresponding hearth-rugs bordered with ancient family crests and armorial ensigns in the centre1 and rich hangings of ,english tapestry4 ,the carved chimney-pieces were adorned with the choicest bronzes and models in wax and terra-cotta4 ,the tables were covered with ,svres1 blue ,mandarin1 ,nankin1 and ,dresden china1 and the cabinets were surmounted with crystal cups1 adorned with the ,york and ,lancaster roses1 which might have graced the splendid banquets of the proud ,wolsey4 ,in the midst of all this fatiguing luxury1 ,maria ,cosway lost her health and passed several years travelling in ,europe4 ,returning to ,london1 she was again prostrated by the death of her only daughter4 ,she then went to ,lodi1 near ,milan1 where she founded a college for the education of girls4 ,she spent much time in ,lodi1 and after the death of her husband established herself there permanently4 ,a goodly circle of friends gathered about her1 and she found occupation and solace for her griefs in the oversight of her college4 ,she continued her painting and the exhibition of her pictures at the ,royal ,academy4 ,she made illustrations for the works of ,virgil1 ,homer1 ,spenser1 and other poets1 and painted portraits of interesting and distinguished persons1 among whom were ,mme4 ,le ,brun and ,mme4 ,rcamier4 ,the life and work of ,maria ,cosway afford a striking contradiction of the theory that wealth and luxury induce idleness and dull the powers of their possessors4 ,hers is but one of the many cases in which a woman's a woman for a' that4 ,at an art sale in ,london in #aija1 an engraving by ,v4 ,green after ,mrs4 ,cosway's portrait of herself1 first state1 brought #a1cjj1 and a second one #bjj less4 b,,coudert1 ,,amalia ,k,,ssner4_/b ,born in ,terre ,haute1 ,indiana4 ,this distinguished miniaturist writes me that she never studied4 ,like ,topsy1 she must have growed4 ,by whatever method they are produced or by whatever means the artist in her has been evolved1 her pictures would seem to prove that study of a most intelligent order has done its part in her development4 ,she has executed miniature portraits of the ,czar and ,czarina of ,russia1 the ,grand ,duchess ,vladimir1 ,king ,edward ,,vii41 the late ,cecil ,rhodes1 many ,english ladies of rank1 and a great number of the beautiful and fashionable women of ,america4 b,,coutan-,,montorgueil1 ,,mme4 ,,laure ,,martin4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #ahid4 ,born at ,dun-sur-,auron1 ,cher4 ,pupil of ,alfred ,boucher4 ,this sculptor has executed the monument to ,andr ,gill1 ,pre ,lachaise2 that of the ,poet ,moreau1 in the cemetery ,montparnasse2 bust of ,taglioni1 in the foyer of the ,grand ,opera ,house1 ,paris2 bust of the astronomer ,leverrier1 at the ,institute1 ,paris2 a statue1 ,the ,spring1 ,museum of ,bourges2 ,sirius1 in the ,palais of the ,governor of ,algiers4 ,also busts of ,prince ,napoleon1 ,general ,boulanger1 the ,countess de ,choiseul1 the ,countess de ,vogu1 and numerous statuettes and other compositions4 ,at the ,salon1 ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc1 she exhibited ,fortune and ,a ,statuette4 b,,cowles1 ,,genevieve ,,almeda4_/b ,member of the ,woman's ,art ,club1 ,new ,york2 ,club of ,women ,art ,workers1 ,new ,york2 and the ,paint and ,clay ,club of ,new ,haven4 ,born in ,farmington1 ,connecticut1 #ahga4 ,pupil of ,robert ,brandagee2 of the ,cowles ,art ,school1 ,boston2 and of ,professor ,niemeyer at the ,yale ,art ,school4 ,together with her twin sister1 ,maud1 this artist has illustrated various magazine articles4 ,also several books1 among which are ,the ,house of the ,seven ,gables1 ,old ,virginia1 etc4 ,miss ,g4 ,a4 ,cowles designed a memorial window and a decorative border for the chancel of ,st4 ,michael's ,church1 ,brooklyn4 ,together with her sister1 she designed a window in the memory of the ,deaconess1 ,miss ,stillman1 in ,grace ,church1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,these sisters now execute many windows and other decorative work for churches1 and also superintend the making and placing of the windows4 ,regarding their work in the ,chapel of ,christ ,church1 ,new ,haven1 ,miss ,genevieve ,cowles writes me3 ,these express the ,prayer of the ,prisoner1 the ,prayer of the ,soul in ,darkness1 and the ,prayer of ,old ,age4 ,these are paintings of states of the soul and of deep emotions4 ,the paintings are records of human lives and not mere imagination4 ,we study our characters directly from life4 ,these artists are now1 ,november1 #aijc1 engaged upon a landscape frieze for a dining-room in a house at ,watch ,hill4 ,miss ,genevieve ,cowles writes3 ,we feel that we are only at the beginning of our life-work1 which is to be chiefly in mural decoration and stained glass4 ,i desire especially to work for prisons1 hospitals1 and asylums--for those whose great need of beauty seems often to be forgotten4 b,,cowles1 ,,maud ,,alice4_/b ,twin sister of ,genevieve ,cowles4 ,bronze medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj1 and a medal at ,buffalo1 #aija4 ,her studies were the same as her sister's1 and she is a member of the same societies4 ,indeed1 what has been said above is equally true of the two sisters1 as they usually work on the same windows and decorations1 dividing the designing and execution between them4 b,,cox1 ,,louise--,,mrs4 ,,kenyon ,,cox4_/b ,third ,hallgarten prize1 ,national ,academy of ,design2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 silver medal at ,buffalo1 #aija2 medal at ,charleston1 #aijb2 ,shaw ,memorial prize1 ,society of ,american ,artists1 #aijc4 ,member of ,society of ,american ,artists1 and an associate of the ,academy of ,design4 ,born at ,san ,francisco1 #ahfe4 ,studies made at ,academy of ,design1 ,art ,students' ,league1 under ,c4 ,turner1 ,george de ,forest ,brush1 and ,kenyon ,cox4 ,mrs4 ,cox paints small decorative pictures and portraits1 mostly of children4 ,the ,shaw prize was awarded to a child's portrait1 called ,olive4 ,among other subjects she has painted an ,annunciation1 the ,fates1 and ,angiola1 reproduced in this book4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,copley ,print4 ,,angiola ,,louise ,,cox ,a writer in the ,cosmopolitan says3 ,mrs4 ,cox is an earnest worker and her method is interesting4 ,each picture is the result of many sketches and the study of many models1 representing in a composite way the perfections of all4 ,for the ,virgin in her ',annunciation' a model was first posed in the nude1 and then another draped1 the artist sketching the figure in the nude1 draping it from the second model4 ,the hands are always separately sketched from a model who has a peculiar grace in folding them naturally4 ,mrs4 ,cox gives her ideas about her picture of the ,fates as follows3 ,my interpretation of the ,fates is not the one usually accepted4 ,the idea took root in my mind years ago when ,i was a student at the ,league4 ,it remained urgently with me until ,i was forced to work it out4 ,as you see1 the faces of the ,fates are young and beautiful1 but almost expressionless4 ,the heads are drooping1 the eyes heavy as though half asleep4 ,my idea is1 that they are merely instruments under the control of a higher power4 ,they perform their work1 they must do it without will or wish of their own4 ,it would be beyond human or superhuman endurance for any conscious instrument to bear for ages and ages the horrible responsibility placed upon the ,fates4 b,,crespo ,,de ,,reigon1 ,,asuncion4_/b ,honorable mention at the ,national ,exhibition1 ,madrid1 #ahfj4 ,member of the ,academy of ,san ,fernando1 #ahci4 ,pupil of her father4 ,to the exhibition in #ahfj she sent a ,magdalen in the ,desert1 ,the ,education of the ,virgin1 ,the ,divine ,shepherdess1 ,a ,madonna1 and a ,venus4 ,her works have been seen in many public exhibitions4 ,in #ahdf she exhibited a miniature of ,queen ,isabel ,,ii4 ,many of her pictures are in private collections4 b,,cromenburch1 ,,anna ,,von4_/b ,in the ,museum of ,madrid are four portraits by this artist3 ,a ,lady of the ,netherlands1 which belonged to ,philip ,,iv42 ,a ,lady and ,child1 ,a ,lady with her ,infant before ,her1 and another ,portrait of a ,lady4 ,the catalogue of the ,museum gallery says3 ,it is not known in what place or in what year this talented lady was born4 ,she is said to have belonged to an old and noble family of ,friesland4 ,at any rate1 she was an excellent portrait painter1 and flourished about the end of the sixteenth century4 ,the ,museo del ,prado is the only gallery in ,europe which possesses works signed by this distinguished artist4 b,,dahn-,,fries1 ,,sophie4_/b ,born in ,munich4 #ahce-ih4 ,this artist was endowed with unusual musical and artistic talent4 ,after the education of her only son1 she devoted herself to painting1 principally of landscape and flowers4 ,after #ahfh1 so long as she lived she was much interested in ,frau von ,weber's ,art ,school for ,girls4 ,in #ahhf1 when a financial crisis came1 ,mme4 ,dahn-,fries saved the enterprise from ruin4 ,she exhibited1 in #ahhg1 two pictures which are well known--,harvest ,time and ,forest ,depths4 b,,damer1 ,,mrs4 ,,anne ,,seymour4_/b ,family name ,conway4 #agdh-ahbh4 ,she was a granddaughter of the ,duke of ,argyle1 a relative of the ,marquis of ,hertford1 and a cousin of ,horace ,walpole4 ,her education was conducted with great care2 the history of ancient nations1 especially in relation to art1 was her favorite study4 ,she had seen but few sculptures1 but was fascinated by them1 and almost unconsciously cherished the idea that she could at least model portraits and possibly give form to original conceptions4 ,allan ,cunningham wrote of her thus3 ,her birth entitled her to a life of ease and luxury2 her beauty exposed her to the assiduity of suitors and the temptations of courts2 but it was her pleasure to forget all such advantages and dedicate the golden hours of her youth to the task of raising a name by working in wet clay1 plaster of ,paris1 stubborn marble1 and still more intractable bronze4 ,before she had seriously determined to attempt the realization of her dreams1 she was brought to a decision by a caustic remark of the historian1 ,hume4 ,miss ,conway was one day walking with him when they met an ,italian boy with plaster vases and figures to sell4 ,hume examined the wares and talked with the boy4 ,not long after1 in the presence of several other people1 ,miss ,conway ridiculed ,hume's taste in art2 he answered her sarcastically and intimated that no woman could display as much science and genius as had entered into the making of the plaster casts she so scorned4 ,this decided her to test herself1 and1 obtaining wax and the proper tools1 she worked industriously until she had made a head that she was willing to show to others4 ,she then presented it to ,hume2 it has been said that it was his own portrait1 but we do not know if this is true4 ,at all events1 ,hume was forced to commend her work1 and added that modelling in wax was very easy1 but to chisel in marble was quite another task4 ,piqued by this scant praise she worked on courageously1 and before long showed her critic a copy of the wax head done in marble4 ,though ,hume genuinely admired certain portions of this work1 it is not surprising that he also found defects in it4 ,doubtless his critical attitude stimulated the young sculptress to industry2 but the true art-impulse was awakened1 and her friends soon observed that ,miss ,conway was no longer interested in their usual pursuits4 ,when the whole truth was known1 it caused much comment4 ,of course ladies had painted1 but to work with the hands in wet clay and be covered with marble dust--to say the least1 ,miss ,conway was eccentric4 ,she at once began the study of anatomy under ,cruikshanks1 modelling with ,cerrachi1 and the handling of marble in the studio of ,bacon4 ,unfortunately for her art1 she was married at nineteen to ,john ,darner1 eldest son of ,lord ,milton1 a fop and spendthrift1 who had run through a large fortune4 ,he committed suicide nine years after his marriage4 ,it is said that ,harrington1 in ,miss ,burney's novel of ,cecilia1 was drawn from ,john ,damer1 and that his wardrobe was sold for #ge1jjj--;about half its original cost6 ,mrs4 ,damer was childless1 and very soon after her husband's death she travelled in ,europe and renewed her study and practice of sculpture with enthusiasm4 ,by some of her friends her work was greatly admired1 but ,walpole so exaggerated his praise of her that one can but think that he wrote out of his cousinly affection for the artist1 rather than from a judicial estimate of her talent4 ,he bequeathed to her1 for her life1 his villa of ,strawberry ,hill1 with all its valuables1 and #b1jjj a year for its maintenance4 ,mrs4 ,damer executed many portrait busts1 some animal subjects1 two colossal heads1 symbolic of the ,thames and the ,isis1 intended for the adornment of the bridge at ,henley4 ,her statue of the king1 in marble1 was placed in the ,register ,office in ,edinburgh4 ,she made a portrait bust of herself for the ,uffizi ,gallery1 in ,florence4 ,her portrait busts of her relatives were numerous and are still seen in private galleries4 ,she executed two groups of ,sleeping ,dogs1 one for ,queen ,caroline and a second for her brother-in-law1 the ,duke of ,richmond4 ,napoleon asked her for a bust of ,fox1 which she made and presented to the ,emperor4 ,a bust of herself which she made for ,richard ,payne ,knight was by him bequeathed to the ,british ,museum4 ,her ,death of ,cleopatra was modelled in relief1 and an engraving from it was used as a vignette on the title-page of the second volume of ,boydell's ,shakespeare4 ,those who have written of ,mrs4 ,darner's art have taken extreme views4 ,they have praised ad nauseam1 as ,walpole did when he wrote3 ,mrs4 ,darner's busts from life are not inferior to the antique4 ,her shock dog1 large as life and only not alive1 rivals the marble one of ,bernini in the ,royal ,collection4 ,as the ancients have left us but five animals of equal merit with their human figures--viz41 the ,barberini ,goat1 the ,tuscan ,boar1 the ,mattei ,eagle1 the ,eagle at ,strawberry ,hill1 and ,mr4 ,jennings' ,dog--the talent of ,mrs4 ,damer must appear in the most distinguished light4 ,cerrachi made a full length figure of ,mrs4 ,damer1 which he called the ,muse of ,sculpture1 and ,darwin1 the poet1 wrote3 ,long with soft touch shall ,damers' chisel charm1 ,with grace delight us1 and with beauty warm4 ,quite in opposition to this praise1 other authors and critics have severely denied the value of her talent1 her originality1 and her ability to finish her work properly4 ,she has also been accused of employing an undue amount of aid in her art4 ,as a woman she was unusual in her day1 and as resolute in her opinions as those now known as strong-minded4 ,englishwoman as she was1 she sent a friendly message to ,napoleon at the crisis1 just before the battle of ,waterloo4 ,she was a power in some political elections1 and she stoutly stood by ,queen ,caroline during her trial4 ,mrs4 ,damer was much esteemed by men of note4 ,she ardently admired ,charles ,fox1 and1 with the beautiful ,duchess of ,devonshire and ,mrs4 ,crewe1 she took an active part in his election2 rustling their silks in the lowest sinks of sin and misery1 and in return for the electors' 'most sweet voices' submitting1 it is said1 their own sweet cheeks to the salutes of butchers and bargemen4 ,she did not hesitate to openly express her sympathy with the ,american colonies1 and bravely defended their cause4 ,at ,strawberry ,hill ,mrs4 ,damer dispensed a generous hospitality1 and many distinguished persons were her guests2 ,joanna ,baillie1 ,mrs4 ,siddons1 ,mrs4 ,garrick1 and ,mrs4 ,berry and her daughters were of her intimate circle4 ,she was fond of the theatre and frequently acted as an amateur in private houses4 ,she was excellent in high comedy and recited poetry effectively4 ,mrs4 ,damer was one of the most interesting of ,englishwomen at a period of unusual excitement and importance4 ,when seventy years old she was persuaded to leave ,strawberry ,hill1 and ,lord ,waldegrave1 on whom it was entailed1 took possession4 ,mrs4 ,damer then purchased ,york ,house1 the birthplace of ,queen ,anne1 where she spent ten summers1 her winter home being in ,park ,lane1 ,london4 ,she bequeathed her artistic works to a relative1 directed that her apron and tools should be placed in her coffin1 and all her letters destroyed1 by which she deprived the world of much that would now be historically valuable1 since she had corresponded with ,nelson and ,fox1 as well as with other men and women who were active in the important movements of her time4 ,she was buried at ,tunbridge1 ,kent4 b,,dassel1 ,,mrs4 ,,herminie1_/b whose family name was ,borchard4 ,daughter of a ,prussian gentleman1 who1 having lost his fortune1 came to the ,united ,states in #ahci4 ,his children had enjoyed the advantages of education and of an excellent position in the world1 but here1 in a strange land1 were forced to consider the means of their support4 ,herminie determined to be a painter1 and in some way earned the money to go to ,dsseldorf1 where she studied four years under ,sohn1 all the time supporting herself4 ,her pictures were genre subjects introducing children1 which found a ready sale4 ,she returned to ,america1 determined to earn money to go to ,italy4 ,in a year she earned a thousand dollars1 and out of it paid some expenses for a brother whom she wished to take with her4 ,herminie was still young1 and so petite in person that her friends were alarmed by her ambitions and strenuously opposed her plans4 ,however1 she persevered and reached ,italy1 but unfortunately the ,revolution of #ahdh made it impossible for her to remain1 and she had many unhappy experiences in returning to ,new ,york4 ,her pictures were appreciated1 and several of them were purchased by the ,art ,union1 then existing in ,new ,york4 ,soon after her return to ,america she married ,mr4 ,dassel1 and although she had a large family she continued to paint4 ,her picture of ,othello is in the ,dsseldorf ,gallery4 ,her painting of ,effie ,deans attracted much attention4 ,mrs4 ,dassel interested herself in charities and was admired as an artist and greatly respected as a woman4 ,she died in #aheg4 b,,dealy1 ,,jane ,,mary--,,mrs4 ,w4 ,,llewellyn ,,lewis4_/b ,silver medal at ,royal ,academy ,school and prize for best drawing of the year4 ,member of ,royal ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors4 ,born in ,liverpool4 ,studied at ,slade ,school and ,royal ,academy ,school4 ,has exhibited several years at the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition and ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors4 ,in #aija her picture1 ,a ,dutch ,bargain1 was etched and engraved4 ,hush-a-,bye ,baby and ,good-by1 ,summer1 have been published by ,messrs4 ,de la ,rue et ,cie4 ,she has successfully illustrated the following children's books3 ,sixes and ,sevens1 ,the ,land of ,little ,people1 ,children's ,prayers1 and ,children's ,hymns4 ,to the ,academy ,exhibition of #aijc ,mrs4 ,lewis sent ,on the ,mountain-side1 ,engelberg4 b,,de ,,angelis1 ,,clotilde4_/b ,this ,neapolitan artist has made a good impression in at least two ,italian exhibitions4 ,to the ,national ,exposition1 ,naples1 #ahgg1 she sent ,studio dal ,vero and ,vallata di ,porrano1 showing costumes of ,amalfi4 ,both her drawing and color are good4 b,,debillemont-,,chardon1 ,,mme4 ,,gabrielle4_/b ,third-class medal1 ,salon1 #ahid2 honorable mention at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 second-class medal1 ,salon1 #aija4 ,this miniaturist is well known by her works1 in which so much grace1 freshness1 skill1 and delicacy are shown2 in which are represented such charming subjects with purity of tone and skilful execution in all regards1 as well as with an incomparable spirit of attractiveness4 ,this artist is one of the three miniaturists whose works have a place in the ,museum of the ,luxembourg4 ,she has had many pupils1 and by her influence and example--for they endeavor to imitate their teacher--she has done much to improve and enlarge the style in miniature painting4 b,,de ,,haas1 ,,mrs4 ,,alice ,,preble ,,tucker4_/b ,born in ,boston4 ,studied at the ,cooper ,union and with ,m4 ,f4 ,h4 de ,haas1 ,swain ,gifford1 ,william ,chase1 and ,rhoda ,holmes ,nicholls4 ,painter of water-color pictures and miniatures4 ,her pictures are in private hands in ,washington1 ,new ,york1 and ,boston4 ,the following article written at the time of an exhibition by ,mrs4 de ,haas gives a just estimate of her work3 ,mrs4 de ,haas is especially devoted to the painting in water-color of landscape and sea views1 for which the ,atlantic coast affords such a wide and varied range4 ,a constant and keen observer of ,nature1 she has seized her marvellous witchery of light and color1 and reproduced them in the glow of the moonlight on the water when in a stormy mood1 and the silvery gleam has become an almost vivid orange tint4 ,she is most happy in the tender opalescent hues of the calm sea and the soft sky above1 while the little boats seem to rock quietly on the water1 barely stirred by the unruffled tide beneath4 ,the sunset light is a never-failing source of variety and beauty1 and ,mrs4 de ,haas has found a most attractive subject in the steeple of the old church in ,york ,village--whose graceful curves are said to have been designed by ,sir ,christopher ,wren--as it rises above the soft mellow glow of the sky or is pictured against the dark clouds4 ,in another mood the artist paints the low rocks among the reeds1 with the breakers playing about them1 while the distant sea stretches out to a horizon1 with dark1 stormy clouds brooding over the solitary waste4 ,a remarkable union of the beauty of land and water is produced by a foreground of brilliant fancy flowers relieved by a scrubby tree in the background1 with the faint responsive touch of yellow in the clouds over a calm sea1 where gentle motion is only indicated by the little boat floating on its surface4 ,the schooners on the ,magnolia ,shore with ,norman's ,woe in the distance suggest alike the tragic story of the past and the present beauty1 for now the sea is calm and the sails are drying in the sun after the storm is over4 ,many other pictures might be mentioned--a quaint old house at ,gloucester1 a view of ,ten ,pound ,island1 with its picturesque surroundings1 and the familiar beach1 with ,fort ,head at ,york ,harbor4 ,as a specimen of landscape ,i would mention a picturesque group of trees at ,gerrish ,island1 full of sunshine4 ,but ,mrs4 de ,haas has added another most attractive style of art to her resources1 and her miniatures1 besides their charm of simplicity of treatment and delicacy of coloring1 are said to have the merit of faithful likeness to their originals4 ,of course portraits1 being painted on commission1 are not generally available for exhibition1 but ,mrs4 de ,haas has a few specimens of her work which warrant all that has been said in their praise4 ,one is a charming picture of a child1 which for beauty of delineation and delicacy of tinting recalls the memory of our greatest of miniature painters1 ,malbone4 ,another is the portrait of the artist's father1 and is represented with such truth of nature and so much vitality of expression and character as at once to give rise to the remark1 ',i must have known that man1 he seems so living to me4' b,,de ,,kay1 ,,helena--,,mrs4 ,r4 ,,watson ,,gilder4_/b ,this artist has exhibited at the ,national ,academy of ,design1 ,new ,york1 since #ahgd1 flower pieces and decorative panels4 ,in #ahgh she sent ,the ,young ,mother4 ,she was the first woman elected to the ,society of ,american ,artists1 and to its first exhibition in #ahgh she contributed ,the ,last ,arrow1 a figure subject1 also a portrait and a picture of still-life4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,delacroix-,,garnier1 ,,mme4 ,p4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,salon des ,artistes ,franais2 medal at ,exposition1 ,paris1 #aijj1 for painting in oils2 and a second medal for a treatise on water-colors4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais1 of the ,union of women painters and sculptors1 and vice-president from #ahid to #aijj4 ,pupil of ,henry ,delacroix in painting in oils and of ,jules ,garnier in water-colors4 ,mme4 ,delacroix-,garnier has painted numerous portraits2 among them those of the ,dowager ,duchess d',uzs1 ,jules ,garnier1 and the ,marquis ,guy de ,charnac1 the latter exhibited at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc4 ,at the same ,salon in #aijb she exhibited the portrait of ,j4 ,j4 ,masset1 formerly a professor in the ,paris ,conservatory4 ,among her pictures are the ,happy ,mother1 ,temptation1 ,far from ,paris1 ,maternal ,joys1 and in the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc1 ,youth which ,passes4 b,,delasalle1 ,,ang,,le4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #ahie2 third-class medal1 #ahig2 second-class medal1 #ahih2 travelling purse1 #ahii2 ,prix ,piot1 of the ,institute1 #ahii2 silver medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais1 the ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts1 ,socit des prix du ,salon et boursiers de voyage de la ,socit ,nationale4 ,born in ,paris4 ,pupil of ,jean ,paul ,laurens and ,benjamin-,constant4 ,her picture of ,diana in ,repose is in the collection of ,alphonse de ,rothschild2 ,return from the ,chase1 a prehistoric scene1 purchased by the ,government2 ,the ,forge1 in the ,museum of ,rouen1 where is also a ,souvenir of ,amsterdam4 ,portrait of ,benjamin-,constant and several other works of ,mlle4 ,delasalle are in the ,luxembourg2 other pictures in the collections ,demidoff1 ,coquelin1 ,georges ,petit1 etc4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 this artist exhibited the portrait of ,m4 ,constant and the ,roof-,maker4 ,at the ,salon des ,beaux-,arts1 #aijc1 ,the ,park at ,greenwich1 ,the ,pont ,neuf1 ,on the ,thames1 and a portrait in oils2 and in water-colors1 ,the ,coliseum1 ,rome1 ,a ,tiger ,drinking1 ,a ,lion ,eating1 ,head of a ,lion1 ,the ,forge1 etc4 ,in the ,magazine of ,art1 ,june1 #aijb1 ,b4 ,dufernex writes of ,mlle4 ,delasalle essentially as follows3 ,this artist came into notice in #ahie by means of her picture of ,cain and ,enoch's ,daughters4 ,since then her annual contributions have demonstrated her gradual acquirement of unquestionable mastery of her art4 ,her characteristic energy is such that her sex cannot be detected in her work2 in fact1 she was made the first and only woman member of the ,international ,association of ,painters under the impression that her pictures--signed simply ,a4 ,delasalle--were the work of a man4 ,attracted by the dramatic aspects of human nature1 she finds congenial subjects in the great efforts of humanity in the struggle for life4 ,her power of observation enables her to give freshness to hackneyed subjects1 as in ,la ,forge4 ,the attitudes of the workmen1 so sure and decided1 turning the half-fused metal are perfect in the precision of their combined efforts2 the fatigue of the men who are resting1 overwhelmed and stupefied by their exhausting labor1 indicates the work of a profound thinker2 whilst the atmosphere1 the play of the diffused glow of the molten metal1 are the production of an innate colorist4 ,her portrait of ,benjamin-,constant represents not only the masterful man1 but is also the personification of the painter4 ,the attentive attitude1 discerning eye1 the openness of the absorbing look1 the cerebral mask where rests so much tranquil power1 the impressive shape of the leonine face1 all combine to make the painting one of the finest portraits of the ,french school4 ,she has a perfect and rare knowledge of the art of drawing and a faculty for seizing the character of things4 ,mlle4 ,delasalle exhibited her pictures at the ,grafton ,gallery1 ,london1 in #aijb4 b,,delorme1 ,,berthe4_/b ,medals at ,nmes1 ,montpellier1 ,versailles1 and ,london4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais4 ,born at ,paris4 ,pupil of ,a4 ,chaplin4 ,mlle4 ,delorme has painted a great number of portraits1 which are in the hands of her subjects4 ,her works are exhibited in the ,salon au ,grand ,palais4 ,in #aijb she exhibited a ,portrait of ,mlle4 ,magdeleine ,d4 b,,demont-,,breton1 ,,virginie4_/b ,paris ,salon1 honorable mention1 #ahhj2 medals of third and second class1 #ahha1 #ahhc2 ,hors ,concours2 gold medal at ,universal ,exposition1 ,amsterdam1 #ahhc2 ,paris ,expositions1 #ahhi and #aijj1 gold medals2 medal of honor at ,exposition at ,antwerp2 ,chevalier of the ,legion of ,honor and of the ,belgian ,order of ,leopold2 officer of the ,nichan ,iftikhar1 a ,turkish order which may be translated ,a ,sign of ,glory2 member and honorary president of the ,union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs de ,france1 of the ,alliance ,feminine1 of the ,alliance ,septentrionale2 fellow of the ,royal ,academy1 ,antwerp2 member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais2 member of the committee of the ,central ,union of ,decorative ,arts and of the ,american ,national ,institute2 member of the ,verein der ,schriftstellerinnen und ,knstlerinnen of ,vienna2 one of the founders of the ,socit ,populaire des ,beaux-,arts and of the ,socit de bienfaisance l',allaitement ,maternel1 etc4 ,born at ,courrire1 ,pas de ,calais1 #ahei4 ,pupil of her father1 ,jules ,breton4 ,the works of this artist are in a number of museums and in private collections in several countries4 ,la ,plage is in the ,gallery of the ,luxembourg1 ,les ,loups de ,mer in the ,museum of ,ghent1 ,jeanne d',arc at ,domrmy in a gallery at ,lille2 other pictures are in ,new ,york1 ,minneapolis1 and other ,american cities2 also in ,berlin and ,alexandria1 ,egypt4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 in #aijb1 ,mme4 ,demont-,breton exhibited a picture of ,les ,meduses bleues4 ,the fish were left on the beach by the retreating water1 and two nude children1 a boy and a girl1 are watching them with intense interest4 ,the children are very attractive4 ,at the ,salon of #aijc she exhibited ,seaweed4 ,a strong young fisherwoman1 standing in the water1 draws out her net filled with shells1 seaweed1 and other products of the sea1 while two nude children--again a boy and a girl--are selecting what pleases them in the mother's net4 ,at the exhibition of ,les ,femmes ,peintres et ,sculpteurs1 in ,february1 #aijc1 ,mme4 ,demont-,breton exhibited the ,head of a ,young ,girl1 which attracted much attention4 ,gray and sober in color1 with a firmly closed mouth and serious eyes denoting great strength of character1 it is admirably studied and designed and proves the unusual excellence of the art of this gifted daughter of ,jules ,breton4 ,at the ,exposition of ,limoges1 ,may to ,november1 #aijc1 ,mme4 ,demont-,breton was pronounced hors concours in painting4 b,,dickson1 ,,mary ,,estelle4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahif2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 honorable mention1 ,buffalo ,exposition1 #aija2 third-class medal1 ,paris ,salon1 #aijb4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,di,,terle1 ,,mme4 ,m4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,dietrich1 ,,adelheid4_/b ,born in ,wittemberg1 #ahbg4 ,daughter and pupil of ,edward ,dietrich1 whose teaching she supplemented by travel in ,italy and ,germany4 ,she made her home in ,erfurt after her journeys and painted flower and fruit subjects4 ,her pictures were of forest1 field1 and garden flowers4 ,they are much valued by their owners and are mostly in private collections4 b,,dietrichsen1 ,,mathilde--,n,e ,,bonneire4_/b ,born in ,christiania1 #ahdg4 ,when but ten years old she began the study of art at ,dsseldorf1 under the direction of ,o4 ,mengelberg and ,tideman4 ,when but fifteen she married1 at ,stockholm1 the historian of art1 ,dietrichsen4 ,she travelled extensively1 visiting ,germany1 ,france1 ,italy1 and ,greece4 ,she passed three years in ,rome4 ,her pictures show refined1 poetic feeling as well as good taste and humor4 b,,dillaye1 ,,blanche4_/b ,silver medal at ,atlanta ,exposition1 #ahie2 medal at ,american ,art ,society1 #aijb4 ,member of ,new ,york and ,philadelphia ,water-,color ,clubs1 ,american ,women's ,art ,association1 ,paris2 first president of ,plastic ,club1 ,philadelphia4 ,pupil of ,philadelphia ,academy of ,fine ,arts2 has also studied in ,europe4 ,this artist makes a specialty of etching1 and the medal she received at ,atlanta was for a group of works in that art4 ,she paints in water-colors1 and has exhibited at the principal ,american exhibitions1 in ,london1 and in both ,paris ,salons4 ,her etchings have been widely noticed4 ,at an early age she showed talent1 and preferring etching as a mode of expression1 she soon became noted for the qualities which have since made her famous1 and is one of the best known among a group of women etchers4 ,her work1 exhibited at the ,new ,york ,etching ,club1 is conspicuous on account of its strength1 directness1 and firmness1 allied to delicacy of touch4 ,in ,miss ,dillaye's work one sees the influence of her wanderings in many lands2 the quaintness of ,holland landscapes1 the quiet village life in provincial ,france1 the sleepy towns in ,norway1 and the quietude of ,english woods4--,success1 ,september1 #aijb4 b,,dina1 ,,elisa4_/b ,a ,venetian figure and portrait painter4 ,is known through the pictures she has shown at many ,italian exhibitions4 ,at ,venice1 in #ahha1 she exhibited a graceful1 well-executed work called ,caldanino della ,nonna4 ,di ,ritorno dalla ,chiesa appeared at ,milan in the same year4 ,the latter1 which represented a charming young girl coming out of church1 prayer-book in hand1 is full of sentiment4 ,she sent to ,turin1 in #ahhd1 ,popolana1 which was much admired4 ,her portraits are said to be exceedingly life-like4 b,,dringlinger1 ,,sophie ,,friedericke4_/b ,born in ,dresden1 #agcf2 died #agia4 ,pupil of ,oeser in ,leipzig4 ,in the ,dresden ,gallery are seven miniatures by her of different members of the ,dringlinger family4 ,the head of this house was ,john ,melchior ,dringlinger1 court jeweller of ,augustus the ,strong4 b,,dubourg1 ,,victoria--,,mme4 ,,fantin-,,latour4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahid2 medal third class1 #ahie2 picture in ,gallery of ,luxembourg1 #aijc4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais4 ,born in ,paris1 #ahdj4 ,studies made at the ,museum of the ,louvre4 ,mme4 ,dubourg has exhibited her works at the ,salons regularly since #ahfh1 and her pictures are now seen in the ,museums of ,grenoble and ,pau1 as well as in many private collections4 ,her subjects are of still life4 ,at the ,salon of the ,artistes ,franais1 in #aijb1 ,mme4 ,dubourg exhibited a ,basket of ,flowers4 b,,dubray1 ,,charlotte ,,gabrielle4_/b ,born at ,paris1 and was the pupil of her father1 ,gabriel ,vital-,dubray4 ,in #ahgd she exhibited at the ,salon a marble bust of a ,fellah ,girl of ,cairo2 in #ahge1 a silvered bronze bust called the ,study of a ,head1 in the manner of ,florence1 sixteenth century2 in #ahgf1 ,the ,daughter of ,jephthah ,weeping on the ,mountain1 a plaster statue1 a bust in bronze1 and ,a ,neapolitan2 in #ahgg1 ,the ,coquette1 a bust in terra-cotta1 and a portrait bust1 in bronze1 of ,m4 ,b4 b,,ducoudray1 ,,mlle4 ,m4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahih2 honorable mention1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 in #aijb1 this sculptor exhibited ,mon ,matre ,zacharie ,astruc1 and in #aijc1 ,en ,bretagne4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,dufau1 ,,cl,,mentine ,h,l,,ne4_/b ,awards from the ,salon1 ,bashkirtseff prize1 #ahie2 medal third class1 #ahig2 travelling purse1 #ahih2 medal second class1 #aijb2 ,hors ,concours2 silver medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,picture in the ,luxembourg1 #aijb4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais and of the ,societ ,heleno ,latina1 ,rome4 ,born at ,quinsac 7,gironde74 ,studies made at ,julian ,academy1 under ,bouguereau and ,robert-,fleury4 ,mlle4 ,dufau calls her works illustrations and posters1 and gives the following as the principal examples3 ,fils des ,mariniers1 in ,museum of ,cognac2 ,rhythme1 ,dryades1 ,automne1 a study1 ,manzi collection2 ,espagne1 t1 ,behourd collection2 ,automne1 ,gallery of the ,luxembourg4 ,the latter is a decorative work of rare interest4 ,at the ,salon of #aijc ,mlle4 ,dufau exhibited two works--,la grande ,voix and ,une ,partie de ,pelotte1 au ,pays basque4 ,the latter was purchased by the ,government1 and will be hung in the ,luxembourg4 b,,duhem1 ,,marie4_/b ,officer of the ,academy1 #ahie2 member of the ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts2 medal at the ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 diploma of honor at ,exposition of ,women ,artists1 ,london1 #aijj4 ,born at ,guemps 7,pas-de-,calais74 ,has had no masters1 has studied and worked by herself4 ,her pictures are in several museums3 ,the ,communicants1 at ,cambrai2 ,easter ,eve1 at ,calais2 ,death of a ,white ,sister1 at ,arras1 etc4 ,the picture of ,st4 ,francis of ,assisi was exhibited at the ,salon of the ,beaux-,arts1 #aijc4 ,the saint1 with a large aureole1 is standing in the midst of a desolate landscape2 his left hand raised1 as if speaking--perhaps to some living thing1 though nothing is revealed in the reproduction in the illustrated catalogue of the ,salon4 ,the other exhibits by ,mme4 ,duhem are flower pictures--jonquils and oranges1 chrysanthemums and roses4 ,in #aijb she exhibited ,the ,house with ,laurels in water-colors1 and in oils ,the ,high ,road and ,the ,orison4 ,the first is a scene at nightfall and is rendered with great delicacy and refinement4 b,,dupr1 ,,amalia4_/b ,corresponding member of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 ,florence1 and of the ,academy of ,perugia4 ,born in ,florence1 #ahde4 ,pupil of her father1 ,giovanni ,dupr1 who detected her artistic promise in her childish attempts at modelling4 ,she has executed a number of notable sepulchral monuments1 one for ,adle ,stiacchi2 one for the daughter of the ,duchess ,ravaschieri1 in ,naples1 which represents the ,madonna ,receiving an ,angel in her ,arms2 it is praised for its subject and for the action of the figures4 ,a ,sister of ,charity for the tomb of the ,cavaliere ,aleotti is her work1 and for the tomb of her parents1 at ,fiesole1 she reproduced ,la ,piet1 one of her father's most famous sculptures4 ,for the facade of the ,florence ,cathedral she made a statue of ,saint ,reparata1 and finished the ,san ,zenobi which her father did not live to complete4 ,she has a wide reputation in ,italy for her statues of the ,young ,giotto1 ,st4 ,peter in ,prison1 and ,san ,giuseppe ,calasanzio4 b,,durant1 ,,susan ,d4_/b ,this ,english sculptor was educated in ,paris1 and died there in #ahgc4 ,she first exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahdg4 ,she was the teacher of the ,princess ,louise1 and executed medallion portraits and busts of many members of the royal family of ,england4 ,her works were constantly exhibited at the ,royal ,academy4 ,the ,art ,journal1 ,march1 #ahgc1 spoke of her as one of our most accomplished female sculptors4 ,her bust of ,queen ,victoria is in the ,middle ,temple1 ,london2 the ,faithful ,shepherdess1 an ideal figure1 executed for the ,corporation of ,london1 is in the ,mansion ,house4 ,among her other works are ,ruth1 a bust of ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe1 and a monument to the ,king of ,belgium1 at ,windsor4 b,d',,uz,s1 ,,mme4 ,,la ,,duchesse4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahhi4 ,born in ,paris1 #ahdg4 ,pupil of ,bonnassieux and ,falguire4 ,the principal works of this artist are ,diana ,surprised1 in marble2 ,saint ,hubert1 in the church of the ,sacr-,coeur2 the same subject for a church in ,canada2 ,the ,virgin1 a commission from the ,government1 in the church at ,poissy2 ,jeanne d',arc1 at ,mousson2 the monument to mile ,augier1 the commission for which was obtained in a competition with other sculptors2 and many busts and statuettes4 ,in the spring of #aijc1 at the twenty-second exhibition of the ,society of ,women ,painters and ,sculptors1 the ,duchesse d',uzs exhibited a large statue of the ,virgin which is to be erected in the church of ,st4 ,clothilde4 ,it is correct anatomically and moulded with great delicacy4 b,,earl1 ,,maud4_/b ,a painter of animals1 whose ,early ,morning was exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahhe1 and has been followed by ,in the ,drifts1 ,old ,benchers1 ,a ,cry for ,help1 etc4 ,in #aijj she exhibited ,the ,dogs of ,death2 in #aija1 ,on ,dian's ,day4 ,miss ,earl has painted portraits of many dogs on the ,continent and in ,great ,britain1 notably those belonging to ,queen ,victoria and to the present ,king and ,queen4 ,this artist exhibits in the ,united ,states as well as in the chief cities of ,england1 and has held private exhibitions in ,graves' ,galleries4 ,in #aijb her principal work was ,british ,hounds and ,gun-,dogs4 ,many of her pictures have been engraved and published in both ,england and the ,united ,states4 ,among them are the last-named picture1 ,four by ,honors1 ,the ,absent-,minded ,beggar1 and ,what ,we ,have ,we'll ,hold4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,egloffstein1 ,,countess ,,julia4_/b ,born at ,hildesheim4 #aghf-ahfh4 ,this painter of portraits and genre subjects belonged to a family of distinction in the north of ,germany4 ,she was a maid of honor at the court of ,weimar4 ,her pictures were praised by ,cornelius and other ,munich artists4 ,her portrait of ,goethe1 in his seventy-seventh year1 is in the ,museum at ,weimar4 ,she also painted portraits of ,queen ,theresa ,charlotte of ,bavaria and of the ,grand ,duchess of ,saxe-,weimar4 ,her picture of ,hagar and ,ishmael in the ,desert is well known in ,germany4 b,,egner1 ,,marie4_/b ,pupil of ,schindler in ,vienna4 ,she has exhibited her pictures at the exhibitions of the ,vienna ,water-,color ,club4 ,in #ahij an exquisite series of landscapes and flowers1 in #ahid ,a ,mill in ,upper ,austria1 in gouache1 and in #ahie other work in the same medium1 confirming previous impressions of her fine artistic ability4 b,,eisenstein1 ,,rosa ,,von4_/b ,born in ,vienna1 #ahdd4 ,this artist is one of the few ,austrian women artists who made all her studies in her native city4 ,she was a pupil of ,mme4 ,wisinger-,florian1 ,schilcher1 ,c4 ,probst1 and ,rudolf ,huber4 ,her pictures are of still-life4 ,she is especially fond of painting birds and is successful in this branch of her art4 b,,ellenrieder1 ,,anna ,,marie4_/b ,born at ,constance4 #agia-ahfc4 ,a pupil of ,einsle1 a miniaturist1 and later of ,langer1 in ,munich4 ,in ,rome1 where this artist spent several years1 she became a disciple of ,overbeck4 ,returning to ,switzerland1 she received the appointment of ,court painter at ,baden in #ahbi4 ,her works are portraits and pictures of historical subjects1 many of the latter being ,biblical scenes4 ,among her best works are the ,martyrdom of ,saint ,stephen1 in the ,catholic church at ,carlsruhe2 a ,saint ,cecilia1 a ,madonna1 and ,mary with the ,christ-,child ,leaving the ,throne of ,heaven are in the ,carlsruhe ,gallery4 ,christ ,blessing ,little ,children is in the church at ,coburg4 ,among her other works are ,john ,writing his ,revelation at ,patmos1 ,peter ,awaking ,tabitha1 and ,simeon in the ,temple4 ,her religious subjects sometimes verge on the sentimental1 but are of great sweetness1 purity1 and tenderness4 ,she was happier in her figures of women than in those of men4 ,she also made etchings of portraits and religious subjects in the manner of ,g4 ,f4 ,schmidt4 b,,emmet1 ,,lydia ,,field4_/b ,medal at ,columbian ,exhibition1 ,chicago1 #ahic2 medal at ,atlanta ,exhibition1 #ahie2 honorable mention at ,pan-,american ,exposition1 ,buffalo1 #aija4 ,member of the ,art ,students' ,league and ,art ,workers' ,club for ,women4 ,born at ,new ,rochelle1 ,new ,york4 ,studied at ,art ,students' ,league under ,chase1 ,mowbray1 ,cox1 and ,reid2 at the ,julian ,academy1 ,paris1 under ,robert-,fleury1 ,giacomotti1 and ,bouguereau2 at the ,shinnecock ,school of ,art under ,w4 ,m4 ,chase2 at ,acadmie ,viet1 ,paris1 under ,collin1 and in a private studio under ,mac ,monnies4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,copley ,print4 ,,dorothy ,,lydia ,,field ,,emmet ,miss ,emmet has painted many portraits1 which are in private hands in ,new ,york1 ,chicago1 ,boston1 and elsewhere4 ,she executed a decorative painting for the ,woman's ,building at ,chicago which is still in that city4 b,,emmet1 ,,rosina--,,mrs4 ,,arthur ,,murray ,,sherwood4_/b ,silver medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi2 the ,art ,department medal1 ,chicago1 #ahic2 bronze medal1 ,buffalo1 #aija4 ,member of the ,society of ,american ,artists1 ,american ,water-,color ,society1 ,new ,york ,water-,color ,club4 ,born in ,new ,york ,city4 ,studied two years under ,william ,m4 ,chase and six months at ,julian ,academy1 ,paris4 ,miss ,emmet exhibited at the ,national ,academy of ,design1 in #ahha1 a ,portrait of a ,boy2 in #ahhb1 a ,portrait of ,alexander ,stevens and ,waiting for the ,doctor2 in #ahhc1 ,red ,rose ,land and ,la ,mesciana2 her picture called ,september belongs to the ,boston ,art ,club4 ,the greater number of her works are in private collections4 b,,escallier1 ,,mme4 ,l,,onore4_/b ,medal at ,salon1 #ahfh4 ,a pupil of ,ziegler4 ,a painter of still-life whose pictures of flowers and birds were much admired4 ,chrysanthemums1 exhibited in #ahfi1 was purchased by the ,government4 ,peaches and ,grapes1 #ahgb1 is in the ,museum at ,dijon2 and in #ahge she executed decorative panels for the ,palais de la ,lgion d',honneur4 b,,esch1 ,,mathilde4_/b ,born at ,kletten1 ,bohemia1 #ahbj4 ,pupil of ,waldmller in ,vienna4 ,she also studied a long time in ,dsseldorf and several years in ,paris1 finally settling in ,vienna4 ,she painted charming scenes from ,german and ,hungarian life1 as well as flowers and still-life4 ,most of her works are in private galleries4 b,,esinger1 ,,ad,,le4_/b ,born in ,salzburg1 #ahdf4 ,in #ahgd she became a student at the ,art ,school in ,stuttgart1 where she worked under the special direction of ,funk1 and later entered the ,art ,school at ,carlsruhe1 where she was a pupil of ,gude4 ,she also received instruction from ,hansch4 ,her pictures are remarkable for their poetic feeling2 especially is this true of ,a ,quiet ,sea1 ,the ,gollinger ,waterfall1 and ,a ,country ,party4 b,,eyck1 ,,margaretha ,,van4_/b ,in ,bruges1 in the early decades of the fifteenth century1 the ,van ,eycks were inventing new methods in the preparation of colors4 ,their discoveries in this regard assured them an undying fame1 second only to that of their marvellous pictures4 ,here1 in the quaint old city--a large part of which we still describe as mediaeval--in an atmosphere totally unlike that of ,italy1 beside her devout brothers1 ,hubert and ,jan1 was ,margaretha4 ,when we examine the minute detail and delicate finish of the pictures of ,jan van ,eyck1 we see a reason why the sister should have been a miniaturist1 and do not wonder that with such an example before her she should have excelled in this art4 ,the fame of her miniatures extended even to ,southern ,italy1 where her name was honorably known4 ,we cannot now point to any pictures as exclusively hers1 as she worked in concert with her brothers4 ,it is1 however1 positively known that a portion of an exquisite ,breviary1 in the ,imperial ,library in ,paris1 was painted by ,margaretha1 and that she illustrated other precious and costly manuscripts4 ,she was held in high esteem in ,bruges and was honored in ,ghent by burial in the ,church of ,st4 ,bavo1 where ,hubert van ,eyck had been interred4 ,karl van ,mander1 an early writer on ,flemish art1 was poetically enthusiastic in praise of ,margaretha1 calling her a gifted ,minerva1 who spurned ,hymen and ,lucina1 and lived in single blessedness4 ,a ,madonna in the ,national ,gallery in ,london is attributed to ,margaretha van ,eyck4 b,,facius1 ,,angelika4_/b ,born at ,weimar4 #ahjf-hg4 ,this artist was distinguished as an engraver of medals and gems4 ,pupil of her father1 ,friedrich ,wilhelm ,facius4 ,goethe recommended her to ,rauch1 and in #ahbg she went to ,berlin to study in his studio4 ,under her father's instruction she engraved the medal for the celebration at ,weimar1 #ahbe1 of the jubilee of the ,grand ,duke ,charles ,augustus4 ,under ,rauch's direction she executed the medal to commemorate the duke's death4 ,in #ahda she made the medal for the convention of naturalists at ,jena4 ,after ,neher's designs1 she modelled reliefs for the bronze doors at the castle of ,weimar4 b,,farncomb1 ,,caroline4_/b ,several first prizes in exhibitions in ,london1 ,toronto1 ,montreal1 and ,ottawa4 ,member of ,women's ,art ,club1 ,london1 ,ontario4 ,born near ,toronto1 ,canada4 ,pupil of ,mr4 ,judson and ,mlle4 van den ,broeck in ,london1 ,canada1 and later of ,william ,chase in ,new ,york4 ,now studying in ,paris4 b,,fassett1 ,,cornelia ,,ad,,le4_/b #ahca-ahih4 ,member of the ,chicago ,academy of ,design and the ,washington ,art ,club4 ,born in ,owasco1 ,new ,york4 ,studied water-color painting in ,new ,york under an ,english artist1 ,j4 ,b4 ,wandesforde4 ,pupil in ,paris of ,castiglione1 ,la ,tour1 and ,mathieu4 ,her artistic life was spent in ,chicago and ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,she painted numerous portraits in miniature and a large number in oils4 ,among those painted from life were ,presidents ,grant1 ,hayes1 and ,garfield2 ,vice-,president ,henry ,wilson2 ,charles ,foster1 when ,governor of ,ohio1 now in the ,state ,house at ,columbus1 ,ohio2 ,dr4 ,rankin1 president of ,howard ,university1 ,washington2 and many other prominent people of ,chicago and ,washington4 ,her chief work and that by which she is best remembered hangs in the ,senate wing of the ,united ,states ,capitol4 ,no picture in the ,capitol attracts more attention1 and large numbers of people view it daily4 ,it is the ,electoral ,commission in ,open ,session4 ,it represents the old ,senate ,chamber1 now the ,supreme ,court ,room1 with ,william ,m4 ,evarts making the opening argument4 ,there are two hundred and fifty-eight portraits of notable men and women1 prominent in political1 literary1 scientific1 and social circles4 ,many of these were painted from life4 ,the ,arcadian1 ,new ,york1 ,december #ae1 #ahgf1 in speaking of this picture1 says3 ,mr4 ,evarts is addressing the court1 and the large number of people present are naturally and easily grouped4 ,there is no stiffness nor awkwardness in the positions1 nothing forced in the whole work4 ,there are1 in the crowd1 ladies in bright colors to relieve the sombreness of the black-coated men1 and the effect of the whole picture is pleasing and artistic1 aside from its great value as an historical work4 ,the ,washington ,capital1 ,march #ag1 #ahgh3 ,mrs4 ,fassett's ',electoral ,commission' gives evidence of great merit1 and this illustration in oil of an historical event in the presidential annals of the country1 by the preservation of the likenesses in groups of some of the principal actors1 and a few leading correspondents of the press1 will be valuable4 ,this picture we safely predict will be a landmark in the history of the nation that will never be erased4 ,it memorizes a most remarkable crisis in our life1 and perpetuates1 both by reason of its intrinsic value as a chapter of history and its intrinsic worth as an art production1 the incident it represents and the name of the artist4 ,in the ,washington ,star1 ,october1 #aijc1 an article appeared from which ,i quote as follows3 ,on the walls of the beautiful tessellated corridor of the eastern gallery floor of the ,senate wing of the ,capitol at ,washington1 just opposite the door of the caucus room of the ,senate ,democrats1 hangs a large oil painting that never fails to attract the keenest curiosity of sightseers and legislators alike4 ,and for good reason3 that painting depicts in glowing colors a scene of momentous import1 a chapter of ,american political history of graver consequence and more far-reaching results than any other since the ,civil ,war4 ,the printed legend on the frame of the picture reads3 ',the ,florida case before the electoral commission1 ,february #e1 #ahgg4 ,painted from life sittings in the ,united ,states ,supreme ,court room by ,cornelia ,adle ,fassett4' ,the painting belongs to ,congress1 having been purchased from the artist for #ae1jjj4 ,as you face the picture the portraits of two hundred and fifty-eight men and women1 who1 twenty-six years ago1 were part and parcel of the legislative1 executive1 judicial1 social1 and journalistic life of ,washington1 look straight at you as if they were still living and breathing things1 as1 indeed1 many of them are4 ,as a work of art the picture is unique1 for each face is so turned that the features can easily be studied1 and the likenesses of nearly all are so faithful as to be a source of constant wonder and delight4--,david ,s4 ,barry1 in ,pearson's ,magazine4 b,,fauveau1 ,f,,licie ,,de4_/b ,second-class medal at ,florence in #ahbg1 when she made her dbut by exhibiting a statue1 ,the ,abbot1 and a group1 ,queen ,christine and ,monaldeschi4 ,born in ,florence1 of ,french parents1 about #ahjb4 ,for political reasons she was forced to leave ,florence about #ahcd1 when she went to ,belgium1 but later returned to her native city4 ,among her best works are ,st4 ,george and the ,dragon1 bronze2 the ,martyrdom of ,st4 ,dorothea1 ,judith with the ,head of ,holofernes1 ,st4 ,genoveva1 marble1 and a monument to ,dante4 ,her works display a wonderful skill in the use of drapery and a purity of taste in composition4 ,she handled successfully the exceedingly difficult subject1 a ,scene between ,paolo and ,francesca da ,rimini4 b,,faux-,,froidure1 ,,mme4 ,,eug,,nie ,,juliette4_/b ,honorable mention at ,salon1 #ahih2 the same at the ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 third-class medal at ,salon1 #aijc2 first prize of the ,union of ,women ,painters and ,sculptors1 #aijb2 chevalier of the ,order ,nichan ,iftikar2 ,officer of ,public ,instruction4 ,member of the ,association of ,baron ,taylor1 of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais1 of the ,union of ,women ,painters and ,sculptors1 and of the ,association of ,professors of ,design of the ,city of ,paris4 ,born at ,noyen 7,sarthe74 ,pupil of ,p4 ,v4 ,galland1 ,albert ,maignan1 and ,g4 ,saintpierre4 ,mme4 ,faux-,froidure's pictures are principally of fruit and flowers1 and three have been purchased by the ,government4 ,one1 ,raisins 7,grapes71 is in the ,museum at ,commerey2 a second1 ,hortensias 7,hydrangeas71 is in the ,museum of ,mans2 the third1 which was in the ,salon of #aijc1 has not yet been placed4 ,in #ahii she exhibited a large water-color called ,la ,barque fleurie1 which was much admired and was reproduced in ,l',illustration4 ,her water-color of ,clematis and ,virginia ,creeper is in the ,museum at ,tunis4 ,in the summer exhibition of #aijc1 at vreux1 this artist's ,peonies and ,iris were delightfully painted--full of freshness and brilliancy1 such as would be the despair of a less skilful hand4 ,at the ,limoges ,exposition1 ,may to ,november1 #aijc1 ,mme4 ,faux-,froidure was announced as hors concours in water-colors4 ,la ,socit ,franais des ,amis des ,arts purchased from the ,salon1 #aijc1 two water-colors by ,mme4 ,faux-,froidure--,roses and ,loose ,flowers1 or ,jonche fleurie4 ,her pictures at the ,exposition at ,toulouse1 spring of #aijc1 were much admired4 ,in one she had most skilfully arranged ,peaches and ,grapes4 ,the color was truthful and delicate4 ,the result was a most artistic picture1 in which the art was concealed and nature alone was manifest4 ,a second picture of ,zinnias was equally admirable in the painting of the flowers1 while that of the table on which they were placed was not quite true in its perspective4 ,of a triptych1 called the ,life of ,roses1 exhibited at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc1 ,jules de ,saint ,hilaire writes3 ,mme4 ,faux-,froidure was inspired when she painted her charming triptych of ',rose ,life4' ,in the compartment on the left the roses are twined in a crown resembling those worn in processions2 in the centre1 in all its dazzling beauty1 the red rose1 the rose of love1 is enthroned2 while the panel on the right is consecrated to the faded rose--the souvenir rose1 shrivelled1 and lying beside the little casket which it still perfumes with its old-time sweetness4 b,,fischer1 ,,clara ,,elizabeth4_/b ,born in ,berlin1 #ahef4 ,studied under ,biermann six years1 and later under ,julius ,jacob4 ,her pictures are portraits and genre subjects4 ,among the latter are ,what ,will ,become of the ,child8 #ahhf2 ,orphaned1 ,in the ,punishment ,corner1 and ,morning ,devotion4 b,,fischer1 ,,helene ,,von4_/b ,born in ,bremen1 #ahdc4 ,she first studied under a woman portrait painter in ,berlin2 later she was a pupil of ,frische in ,dsseldorf1 of ,robie in ,brussels1 and of ,hertel and ,skarbina in ,berlin4 ,she makes a specialty of flowers1 fruit1 and still-life2 her fruit and flower pieces are beautiful1 and her pictures of the victims of the chase are excellent4 b,,flesch-,,brunnengen1 ,,luma ,,von4_/b ,born in ,brnn in #ahef4 ,in ,vienna she worked under ,schner1 the interpreter of ,venetian and ,oriental life1 and later in ,munich she acquired technical facility under ,frithjof ,smith4 ,travels in ,italy1 ,france1 and ,northern ,africa furnished many of her themes--mostly interiors with figures1 in which the entering light is skilfully managed4 ,the ,embroiderers1 showing three characteristic figures1 who watch the first attempt of their seriously earnest pupil1 is full of humor4 ,in sharp contrast to this is a ,madonna under the ,cross1 exhibited at ,berlin in #ahie1 in which the mother's anguish is most sympathetically rendered4 ,devotion1 ,shelterless1 and the ,kitchen ,garden are among the paintings which have won her an excellent reputation as a genre painter4 b,,fleury1 ,,mme4 ,,fanny4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,focca1 ,,signora ,,italia ,,zanardelli4_/b ,silver medal at ,munich1 #ahic2 diploma of gold medal at ,women's ,exhibition1 ,london1 #aijj4 ,member of ,societ ,amatorie ,pittori di ,belle ,arti1 of the ,unione degli ,artisti1 and of the ,societ ,cooperativa1 all in ,rome4 ,born in ,padua1 #ahgb4 ,pupil of ,ottin in ,paris1 and of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts in ,rome4 ,the principal works of this sculptor are a ,bacchante1 now in ,st4 ,petersburg2 ,najade1 sold in ,london2 ,the ,virgin ,mother1 purchased by ,cavaliere ,alinari of ,florence2 portrait of the ,minister ,merlo1 which was ordered by the ,ministry of ,public ,instruction4 ,many other less important works are in various ,italian and foreign cities4 ,signora ,focca is a professor of drawing in the ,normal ,schools of ,rome4 b,,foley1 ,,margaret ,e4_/b ,a native of ,new ,hampshire4 ,died in #ahgg4 ,without a master1 in the quiet of a country village1 ,miss ,foley modelled busts in chalk and carved small figures in wood4 ,at length she made some reputation in ,boston1 where she cut portraits and ideal heads in cameo4 ,she went to ,rome and remained there4 ,she became an intimate friend of ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,howitt1 and died at their summer home in the ,austrian ,tyrol4 ,among her works are busts of ,theodore ,parker1 ,charles ,sumner1 and others2 medallions of ,william and ,mary ,howitt1 ,longfellow1 and ,bryant2 and several ideal statues and bas-reliefs4 ,in a critical estimate of ,miss ,foley we read3 ,her head of the somewhat impracticable but always earnest senator from ,massachusetts--,sumner--is unsurpassable and beyond praise4 ,it is simple1 absolute truth1 embodied in marble4--,tuckerman's ,book of the ,artists4 ,miss ,foley's exquisite medallions and sculptures ought to be reproduced in photograph4 ,certainly she was a most devoted artist1 and ,america has not had so many sculptors among women that she can afford to forget any one of them4--,boston ,advertiser1 ,january1 #ahgh4 b,,fontaine1 ,,jenny4_/b ,silver medal1 ,julian ,academy1 #ahhi2 silver medal at ,amiens ,exposition1 #ahij and #ahid2 honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahib2 gold medal at ,rouen ,exposition1 #ahic2 third-class medal1 ,salon1 #ahif2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,officer of the ,academy1 #ahif2 ,officer of ,public ,instruction1 #aijb4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais1 ,paris2 ,socit de l',union ,artistique1 du ,pas-de-,calais1 at ,arras2 corresponding member of the ,academy of ,arras4 ,pupil of ,jules ,lefebvre and ,benjamin-,constant4 ,mlle4 ,fontaine paints portraits only--of these she has exhibited regularly at the ,salons for sixteen years4 ,among her sitters have been many persons of distinction1 both men and women4 ,at the ,salon of #aijb she exhibited her own portrait2 in #aijc1 portraits of ,,mm4 ,rene et ,georges ,d4 ,the ,journal des ,arts1 giving an account of the exhibition at ,rheims1 summer1 #aijc1 says3 ,the portraits here are not so numerous as one might expect1 but they are too fine to be overlooked4 ,mlle4 ,jenny ,fontaine has1 for a long time1 held a distinguished place as a portraitiste in our ,salons1 and two of her works are here3 a portrait of a young girl and one of ,general ,jeanningros4 b,,fontana1 ,,lavinia4_/b ,born in ,bologna1 #aeeb4 ,her father was a distinguished portrait painter in ,rome in the time of ,pope ,julius ,,iii41 but the work of his daughter was preferred before his own4 ,she was elected to the ,academy of ,rome1 while her charms were extolled in poetry and prose4 ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii4 made her his painter-in-ordinary4 ,patrician ladies1 cardinals1 and ,roman nobles contended for the privilege of having their portraits from her hand4 ,men of rank and scholars paid court to her1 but1 with a waywardness not altogether uncommon1 she married a man who was even thought to be lacking in sense4 ,one of her two daughters was blind of one eye1 and her only son was so simple that the loungers in the antechamber of the ,pope were accustomed to amuse themselves with his want of wit4 ,she is said to have died of a broken heart after the death of this son1 and her portrait of him is considered her masterpiece4 ,her own portrait was one of her most distinguished works1 and though it is in possession of her husband's family1 the ,zappi1 of ,imola1 it may be judged by an engraving after it in ,rossini's ,history of ,italian ,painting4 ,many portraits by ,lavinia ,fontana are in the private collections of ,italian families for whom they were painted4 ,in the ,gallery of ,bologna there is a night-scene1 the ,nativity of the ,virgin1 by her1 and in the ,escorial is a ,madonna lifting a veil to regard the sleeping ,jesus1 while ,,ss4 ,joseph and ,john stand near by4 ,in the churches of ,san ,giacomo ,maggiore and of the ,madonna del ,baracano1 both in ,bologna1 are ,fontana's pictures of the ,madonna with ,saints4 ,in ,pieve di ,cento are two of her works--a ,madonna and an ,ascension4 ,it is said that several pictures by this artist are in ,england1 but ,i have failed to find to what collections they belong4 ,lavinia ,fontana was a distinguished woman in a notable age1 and if1 in translating the tributes that were paid her by the authors of her day1 we should faithfully render their superlatives1 these writings would seem absurd in their exaggerations1 and our comparatively cold adjectives would be taxed beyond their power of expression4 b,,fontana1 ,,veronica4_/b ,born in #aegf4 ,a pupil of ,elisabetta ,sirani1 who devoted herself to etching and wood-engraving4 ,she is known from her exceedingly fine1 delicate portraits on wood and etchings of scenes from the life of the ,madonna4 b,,foord1 ,,miss ,j4_/b ,a painter of plants and flowers1 which are much praised4 ,an article in the ,studio1 ,july1 #aija1 says3 ,miss ,foord1 by patient and observant study from nature1 has given us a very pleasing1 new form of useful work1 that has traits in common2 with the illustrations to be found in the excellent botanical books of the beginning of the nineteenth century4 ,after praising the works of this artist1 attention is called to her valuable book1 ,decorative ,flower ,studies1 illustrated with forty plates printed in colors4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,foote1 ,,mary ,,hallock4_/b ,born in ,milton1 ,new ,york4 ,at ,new ,york ,school of ,design for ,women this artist studied anatomy and composition under ,william ,rimmer1 and drawing on wood and black and white under ,william ,j4 ,linton4 ,mrs4 ,foote is a member of the ,alumni of the ,school of ,design4 ,her illustrations have been exhibited by the publishers for whom they were made4 ,in the beginning her work was suited to the taste and custom of the time4 ,she illustrated the so-called ,gift ,books and poems in the elaborate fashion of the period4 ,later she was occupied principally in illustrations for the ,century ,company and ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co4 ,mrs4 ,foote writes that ,miss ,regina ,armstrong--now ,mrs4 ,niehaus--in a series of articles on ,women ,illustrators of ,america1 whom she divided into classes1 placed her with the ,story-,tellers4 b,,forbes1 ,,mrs4 ,,stanhope4_/b ,mr4 ,norman ,gastin1 in an article upon the work of the ,royal ,academician1 ,stanhope ,forbes1 in the ,studio1 ,july1 #aija1 pays the following tribute to the wife of the artist1 whose maiden name was ,elizabeth ,armstrong3 ,mrs4 ,stanhope ,forbes's work does not ask you for any of that chivalrous gentleness which is in itself so derogatory to the powers of women4 ,as an artist she stands shoulder to shoulder with the very best2 she has taste and fancy1 without which she could not be an artist4 ,but what strikes one about her most is summed up in the word 'ability4' ,she is essentially able4 ,the work which that wonderful left hand of hers finds to do1 it does with a certainty that makes most other work look tentative beside hers4 ,the gestures and poses she chooses in her models show how little she fears drawing1 while the gistness of her criticism has a most solvent effect in dissolving the doubts that hover round the making of pictures4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,forti1 ,,enrica4_/b ,rome4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,fortin ,,de ,,cool1 ,,delfina4_/b ,third-class medal1 ,madrid1 #ahfd1 for the following works reproduced on porcelain3 the ,conception of ,murillo1 the ,magdalen of ,antolinez1 and the portrait of ,alonso ,cano by ,velazquez2 also a portrait on ivory of a young girl4 ,this artist1 who was ,french by birth1 was a pupil of her father4 ,for paintings executed in the imperial works at ,svres1 she was awarded prizes at ,blois1 ,besanon1 ,rouen1 ,perigueux1 and ,paris4 b,,foulques1 ,,elisa4_/b ,born in ,pjatigorsk1 in the ,caucasus4 ,she came under ,italian influence when but four years old1 and was taken to ,naples4 ,at the ,institute of the ,fine ,arts she was a pupil of ,antoriello1 ,mancinelli1 ,perrisi1 and ,solari4 ,she received a diploma when leaving the ,institute4 ,her picture1 ,mendica1 was exhibited in ,naples1 #ahhf2 ,un ultimo ,squardo and ,sogno1 #ahhh4 ,in ,london1 in #ahhh1 ,tipo ,napoletano1 ,studio dal vero1 and ,ricordi were exhibited4 ,since #ahhd this artist has taught drawing in the ,municipal ,school for ,girls in ,naples1 and has executed many portraits in oil1 as well as numerous pastels and water-colors4 ,among her later works are ,la ,figlia del ,corsaro1 ,chiome nere1 ,una ,carezza al ,nonno1 and ,di ,soppiatto4 b,,frackleton1 ,,susan ,,stuart4_/b ,medal at ,antwerp ,exposition1 #ahid2 at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,founder and first president of ,national ,league of ,mineral ,painters2 member of ,park and ,outdoor ,association4 ,born at ,milwaukee1 #ahdh4 ,pupil of private studios in ,milwaukee and ,new ,york4 ,mrs4 ,frackleton's gas-kilns for firing decorated china and glass are well known2 also her book1 ,tried by ,fire1 a treatise on china painting4 ,as a ceramic artist she has exhibited in various countries1 and has had numerous prizes for her work4 ,she declined the request of the ,mexican ,government to be at the head of a ,national ,school of ,ceramic ,decoration1 etc4 ,she is also a lecturer on topics connected with the so-called arts and crafts4 b,,freeman1 ,,florence4_/b ,born in ,boston4 #ahcf-ahhc4 ,pupil of ,richard ,s4 ,greenough in ,boston and of ,hiram ,powers in ,florence1 ,italy4 ,after a year in ,florence she went to ,rome1 where she made her home4 ,among her works are a bust of ,sandalphon1 which belonged to ,mr4 ,longfellow1 bas-reliefs of ,dante1 and a statue of the ,sleeping ,child4 ,she sent to the ,exhibition in ,philadelphia1 #ahgf1 a chimney-piece on which were sculptured ,children and the ,yule-,log and ,fireside ,spirits4 ,this was purchased by ,mrs4 ,hemenway1 of ,boston4 ,her works are full of poetic fancy2 her bas-reliefs of the seven days of the week and of the hours are most lovely and original in conception4 ,her sketches of ,dante in bas-reliefs are equally fine4 ,her designs for chimney-pieces are gems1 and in less prosaic days than these1 when people were not satisfied with the work of mechanics1 but demanded artistic designs in the commonest household articles1 they would have made her famous4--,the ,revolution1 ,may1 #ahga4 b,,french1 ,,jane ,,kathleen4_/b ,member of the ,water-,color ,society of ,ireland4 ,born in ,dublin4 ,studied in ,brussels under ,m4 ,bourson1 and in ,wiesbaden under ,herr ,kgler4 ,miss ,french is a miniaturist and exhibited at the ,royal ,academy1 ,london1 in #aija1 a case of her works which she was later specially invited to send to an exhibition in ,liverpool1 and several other exhibits4 ,the last two years she has exhibited in ,ireland only1 as her commissions employ her time so fully that she cannot prepare for foreign expositions4 b,,freyberg1 ,,baroness ,,marie ,,electrine4_/b ,elected to the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke1 #ahbb4 ,born in ,strassburg4 #agig-ahdg4 ,daughter and pupil of the landscape painter1 ,stuntz4 ,after travelling in ,france and ,italy1 making special studies in ,rome1 she settled in ,munich4 ,she painted historical and religious subjects1 and a few portraits4 ,zacharias ,naming the ,little ,st4 ,john is in the ,new ,picture ,gallery1 ,munich2 in the same gallery is also a portrait called the ,boy ,playing a ,flute2 in the ,leuchtenberg ,gallery1 ,petersburg1 is her ,three ,women at the ,sepulchre4 ,she painted a picture called the ,glorification of ,religion through ,art and a ,madonna in ,prayer4 ,she also executed a number of lithographs and etchings4 b,,friedl,,nder1 ,,camilla4_/b ,born in ,vienna1 #ahef4 ,she was instructed by her father1 ,friedrich ,friedlnder4 ,among her numerous paintings of house furniture1 antiquities1 and dead animals should be especially mentioned her picture in the ,rudolfinum at ,prague1 which represents all sorts of drinking-vessels1 #ahhh4 ,some critics affirm that she has shown more patience and industry than wealth of artistic ideas1 but her still-life pictures demanded those qualities and brought her success and artistic recognition4 b,,friedrich1 ,,caroline ,,friederike4_/b ,born in ,dresden4 #agdi-ahae4 ,honorary member of ,dresden ,academy4 ,in the ,dresden ,gallery is a picture by this artist1 ,pastry on a ,plate with a ,glass of ,wine1 signed #agii4 b,,friedrichson1 ,,ernestine4_/b ,born in ,dantzig1 #ahbd4 ,pupil of ,marie ,wiegmann in ,dsseldorf1 and later of ,jordan and ,wilhelm ,sohn4 ,while still a student she visited ,holland1 ,belgium1 ,england1 and ,italy4 ,her favorite subjects were scenes from the every-day life of ,poles and ,jews4 ,her best pictures were sold to private collectors4 ,among these are ,polish ,raftsmen ,resting in the ,forest1 #ahfg2 ,polish ,raftsmen before a ,crucifix1 #ahfi2 ,a ,jew ,rag-picker1 #ahgj2 ,the ,jewish ,quarter in ,amsterdam on ,friday ,evening1 #ahha2 ,a ,goose ,girl1 #ahia4 b,,fries1 ,,anna4_/b ,silver medal at ,berne1 #aheg2 two silver medals from the ,academy of ,urbino2 silver medal at the ,national ,exposition by ,women in ,florence4 ,honorary member of the ,academy ,michael ,angela1 ,florence1 and of the ,academy of ,urbino4 ,born in ,zrich1 #ahbg4 ,she encountered much opposition to her desire to study art1 but her talent was so manifest that at length she was permitted to study drawing in ,zrich1 and her rapid progress was finally recognized and she was taken to ,paris1 where the great works of the masters were an inspiration to her4 ,she has great individuality in her pictures1 which have been immoderately praised4 ,she visited ,italy1 and in #aheg went to ,holland1 where she painted portraits of ,queen ,sophia and the ,prince of ,orange4 ,she returned to ,zrich and was urged to remain in ,switzerland1 but she was ambitious of further study1 and went again to ,florence4 ,she there painted a portrait of the ,grand ,duchess ,marie of ,russia4 ,she turned her attention to decorative painting1 and her success in this may be seen in the facades of the ,schmitz villa1 the ,schemboche establishment1 and her own home4 ,when we consider the usual monotony of this art1 the charming effects which ,mme4 ,fries has produced make her distinguished in this specialty4 b,,frishmuth1 ,,harriet ,,whitney4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,fritze1 ,,margarethe ,,auguste4_/b ,born in ,magdeburg1 #ahde4 ,this genre painter worked first in ,bremen1 and went in #ahgc to ,munich1 where she studied with ,grtzner and ,liezen-,meyer4 ,the most significant of her pictures is ,the ,little ,handorgan-,player with ,his ,monkey4 ,she has also executed many strong portraits1 and her painting is thought to show the influence of ,a4 von ,kotzebue and ,alexander ,wagner4 ,in #ahhj she spent some time in ,stuttgart1 and later settled in ,berlin4 b,,froriep1 ,,bertha4_/b ,born in ,berlin1 #ahcc4 ,pupil of ,martersteig and ,pauwels in ,weimar4 ,this artist's pictures were usually of genre subjects4 ,her small game pictures with single figures are delightful4 ,she also painted an unusually fine portrait of ,friedrich ,rckert4 ,at an exhibition by the women artists of ,berlin1 #ahib1 a pen study by ,frulein ,froriep attracted attention and was admired for its spirit and its clear execution4 b,,frumerie1 ,,mme4 ,,de4_/b ,honorable mention at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais in #ahic and #ahie4 ,born in ,sweden1 she studied in the ,school of ,fine ,arts in ,stockholm4 ,there she gained a prize which entitled her to study abroad during four years4 ,she has exhibited her works in ,paris1 and to the ,salon of ,les ,femmes ,peintres et ,sculpteurs1 in ,february1 #aijc1 she contributed a bust of ,strindberg which was a delightful example of life-like portraiture4 b,,fuller1 ,,lucia ,,fairchild4_/b ,bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 silver medal1 ,buffalo ,exposition1 #aija4 ,member of the ,society of ,american ,artists and of the ,american ,society of ,miniature ,painters4 ,born in ,boston4 ,studied at the ,cowles ,art ,school1 ,boston1 under ,denis ,m4 ,bunker1 and at the ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york1 under ,h4 ,siddons ,mowbray and ,william ,m4 ,chase4 ,mrs4 ,fuller is a most successful miniature painter4 ,among her principal works are ,mother and ,child1 in the collection of ,mrs4 ,david ,p4 ,kimball1 ,boston2 ,girl with a ,hand-,glass1 owned by ,hearn2 and ,girl ,drying ,her ,feet1 for which the medal was given in ,paris4 ,mrs4 ,fuller's miniatures are portraits principally1 and are in private hands4 ,some of her sitters in ,new ,york are ,mrs4 ,j4 ,pierpont ,morgan and her children1 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,p4 ,whitney and children1 ,j4 ,j4 ,higginson1 ,esq41 ,dr4 ,edwin ,a4 ,tucker1 and many others4 b,,gaggiotti-,,richards1 ,,emma4_/b ,historical and portrait painter1 of the middle of the nineteenth century1 is known by her portrait of ,alexander von ,humboldt 7in possession of the ,emperor ,william ,,ii47 and by her portrait of herself before her easel4 ,her historical paintings include ,the ,crusader and a ,madonna4 b,,galli1 ,,emira4_/b ,reproduces with great felicity the customs of the lagoons1 the boys and fishermen of which she represents with marvellous fidelity4 ,she depicts not only characteristics of features and dress1 but of movement4 ,giovane veneziana and ,ragazzo del ,popolo were exhibited at ,turin in #ahhj1 and were much admired4 ,il ,falconiere was exhibited at both ,turin and ,milan4 ,un ,piccolo ,accattone has also been accorded warm praise4 b,,gardner1 ,,elizabeth ,,jane4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahgi2 gold medal1 #ahhi2 hors concours4 ,born in ,exeter1 ,new ,hampshire1 #ahea1 her professional life has been spent in ,paris1 where she was a pupil of ,hugues ,merle1 ,lefebvre1 and ,m4 ,william ,a4 ,bouguereau1 whom she married4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,garrido ,y ,,agudo1 ,,maria ,,de ,,la ,,soledad4_/b ,born in ,salamanca4 ,pupil of ,juan ,peyr4 ,she exhibited two works at the ,national ,exposition1 #ahgf--;a portrait and a youth studying a picture4 ,in #ahgh she sent to the same exposition ,the ,sacrifice of the ,saguntine ,women4 ,at the ,philadelphia ,exposition1 #ahgf1 she exhibited her ,messenger of ,love4 ,her ,santa ,lucia is in the church of ,san ,roque de ,gardia4 b,,gasso ,y ,,vidal1 ,,leopolda4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahgf4 ,prizes1 #ahgf1 for two works sent to the ,provincial ,exposition of ,leon4 ,member of the ,association of ,authors and ,artists1 #ahgf4 ,born in the ,province of ,toledo4 ,pupil of ,manuel ,martinez ,ferrer and ,isidoro ,lozano4 ,at ,madrid1 in #ahha1 she exhibited ,a ,pensioner1 ,a ,beggar1 a portrait of ,seorita ,m4 ,j41 and a landscape2 in #ahgh1 ,a ,coxcomb1 ,street ,venders of vila1 and a landscape2 and in #ahha1 at an exhibition held by ,d4 ,ricardo ,hernandez1 were seen a landscape and a portrait of ,d4 ,lucas ,aguirre y ,juarez4 b,,geefs1 ,,mme4 ,,fanny ,,isabelle ,,marie4_/b ,born at ,brussels4 #ahad-ahhc4 ,wife of the sculptor1 ,guillaume ,geefs4 ,a painter of portraits and genre subjects which excel the historical pictures she also painted4 ,her ,assumption of the ,virgin is in a church at ,waterloo2 ,christ ,appearing to ,his ,disciples1 in a church at ,hauthem4 ,the ,virgin ,consoling the ,afflicted was awarded a medal in ,paris1 and is in the ,hospital of ,st4 ,john at ,brussels4 ,the ,virgin and ,child was purchased by the ,belgian ,government4 ,her portraits are good1 and among her genre subjects the ,young ,mother1 the ,sailor's ,daughter1 and ,ophelia are attractive and artistic in design and execution4 b,,gelder1 ,,lucia ,,van4_/b ,born in ,wiesbaden4 #ahfd-ahii4 ,this artist was the daughter of an art dealer1 and her constant association as a child with good pictures stimulated her to study4 ,in ,berlin she had lessons in drawing with ,liezenmayer1 and in color with ,max ,thedy4 ,she was also a constant student at the galleries4 ,she began to work independently when eighteen1 and a number of her pictures achieved great popularity1 being reproduced in many art magazines4 ,the ,little ,doctor1 especially1 in which a boy is feeling1 with a grave expression of knowledge1 the pulse of his sister's pet kitten1 has been widely copied in photographs1 wood-engravings1 and in colors4 ,she repeated the picture in varying forms4 ,she died in ,munich1 where she was favorably known through such works as ,the ,village ,barber1 ,contraband1 ,the ,wonderful ,story1 ,at the ,sick ,bed1 and ,the ,violin ,player1 the last painted the year before her death4 b,,gentileschi1 ,,artemisia4_/b #aeij-afdb4 ,a daughter of ,orazio ,gentileschi1 whom she accompanied to ,england when he was invited to the court of ,charles ,i4 ,artemisia has been called the pupil1 and again the friend1 of ,guido ,reni4 ,whatever the relation may have been1 there is no doubt that the manner of her painting was influenced by ,guido1 and also by her study of the works of ,domenichino4 ,wagner says that she excelled her father in portraits1 and her own likeness1 in the gallery at ,hampton ,court1 is a powerful and life-like picture4 ,king ,charles had several pictures from her hand1 one of which1 ,david with the ,head of ,goliath1 was much esteemed4 ,her ,mary ,magdalene and ,judith with the ,head of ,holofernes are in the ,pitti ,palace4 ,the latter work is a proof of her talent4 ,lanzi says3 ,it is a picture of strong coloring1 of a tone and intensity which inspires awe4 ,mrs4 ,jameson praised its execution while she regretted its subject4 ,illustration3 ,alinari1 ,photo4 ,in the ,pitti ,gallery1 ,florence ,,judith ,,with ,,the ,,head ,,of ,,holofernes ,,artemisia ,,gentileschi ,her picture of the ,birth of ,john the ,baptist1 in the ,gallery of the ,prado1 is worthy of attention1 even in that marvellous collection1 where is also her ,woman ,caressing ,pigeons4 ,the ,historical ,society of ,new ,york has her picture of ,christ among the ,doctors4 ,after her return to ,italy from ,england1 this artist was married and resided in ,naples4 ,several of her letters are in existence4 ,they tell of the manner of her life and give an interesting picture of ,neapolitan society in her day4 b,,gessler ,,de ,,lacroix1 ,,alejandrena_/b--known in art circles as ,madame ,anselma4 ,gold medal at ,cadiz1 #ahhj4 ,honorary member of the ,academy of ,cadiz4 ,she has spent some years in ,paris1 where her works are often seen in exhibitions4 ,her medal picture at ,cadiz was an ,adoration of the ,cross4 ,one of her most successful works is called ,the ,choir ,boys4 b,,giles1 ,,miss--,,mrs4 ,,bernard ,,jenkin4_/b ,this sculptor exhibited a life-size marble group1 called ,in ,memoriam1 at the ,royal ,academy in #aijj1 which attracted much attention4 ,it was graceful in design and of a sympathetic quality4 ,at an open competition in the ,london ,art ,union her ,hero won the prize4 ,in #aija she exhibited an ambitious group called ,after ,nineteen ,hundred ,years1 and still ,they ,crucify4 ,it was excellent in modelling1 admirable in sentiment1 and displayed strength in conception and execution4 b,,ginassi1 ,,caterina4_/b ,born in ,rome1 #aeij4 ,this artist was of noble family1 and one of her uncles1 a ,cardinal1 founded the ,church of ,santa ,lucia1 in which ,caterina1 after completing her studies under ,lanfranco1 painted several large pictures4 ,after the death of the ,cardinal1 with money which he had given her for the purpose1 ,caterina founded a cloister1 with a seminary for the education of girls4 ,as ,abbess of this community she proved herself to be of unusual ability4 ,in her youth she had been trained in practical affairs as well as in art1 and1 although she felt that the needle and distaff were enemies to the brush and pencil1 her varied knowledge served her well in the responsibilities she had assumed1 and at the head of the institution she had founded she became as well known for her executive ability as for her piety4 ,little as the works of ,lanfranco appeal to us1 he was a notable artist of the ,carracci school2 ,caterina did him honor as her master1 and1 in the esteem of her admirers1 excelled him as a painter4 b,,girardet1 ,,berthe4_/b ,gold medal at the ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 honorable mention1 ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijj2 ten silver medals from foreign exhibitions4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais and the ,union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs4 ,born at ,marseilles4 ,her father was ,swiss and her mother a ,miss ,rogers of ,boston4 ,she was a pupil for three months of ,antonin-,carls1 ,paris4 ,with this exception1 ,mme4 ,girardet writes3 ,i studied mostly alone1 looking to nature as the best teacher1 and with energetic perseverance trying to give out in a concrete form all that filled my heart4 ,illustration3 ,,give ,,us ,,this ,,day ,,our ,,daily ,,bread ,,berthe ,,girardet ,among her works are3 ,l',enfant ,malade1 bought by the city of ,paris and placed in the ,petit ,palais des ,champs lyses2 a group called the ,grandmother's ,blessing1 purchased by the ,government and placed in a public museum2 the bust of an ,old ,woman1 acquired by the ,swiss ,government and placed in the ,museum of ,neuchtel2 a group1 the ,madonna and ,child1 for which the artist received the gold medal2 and two groups illustrating the prayer1 ,give us this day our daily bread4 ,also portrait statues and busts belonging to private collections4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 ,mme4 ,girardet exhibited the ,grandmother's ,blessing and ,l',enfant ,malade4 ,at the same ,salon1 #aijc1 the two groups illustrating the ,lord's ,prayer4 ,a writer1 ,g4 ,m41 in the ,studio of ,december1 #aijb1 writes3 ,prominent among the women artists of the day whose talents are attracting attention is ,mme4 ,berthe ,girardet4 ,she has a very delicate and very tender vision of things1 which stamps her work with genuine originality4 ,she does not seek her subjects far from the life around her2 quite the reverse2 and therein lies the charm of her sculpture--a great1 sincere1 and simple charm1 which at once arouses one's emotion4 ,what1 for instance1 could be more poignantly sad than this ',enfant ,malade' group1 with the father1 racked with anxiety1 bending over the pillow of his fragile little son1 and the mother1 already in an attitude of despair1 at the foot of the bed8 ,the whole thing is great in its profound humanity4 ,the ',bndiction de l',aeule' is less tragic4 ,behind the granddaughter1 delightful in her white veil and dress of a premire communicante1 stands the old woman1 her wrinkled face full of quiet joy4 ,she is thinking of the past1 moved by the melancholy of the bells1 and she is happy with a happiness with which is mingled something of sorrow and regret4 ,it is really exquisite4 ,by simple means ,mme4 ,berthe ,girardet obtains broad emotional effects4 ,she won a great and legitimate success at the ,salon of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais4 b,,gleichen1 ,,countess4_/b ,bronze medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,honorable member of ,royal ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors1 of ,royal ,society of ,painter ,etchers4 ,sculptor4 ,pupil of her father1 ,prince ,victor of ,hohenlohe1 and of the ,slade ,school1 ,london2 also of ,professor ,legros4 ,she has exhibited regularly at the ,royal ,academy since #ahic4 ,in #ahie she completed a life-size statue of ,queen ,victoria for the ,victoria ,hospital1 ,montreal4 ,the ,queen is represented in royal robes1 with one child asleep on her knee1 while another1 with its arm in a sling1 stands on the steps of the throne4 ,shortly before the ,queen's death she gave sittings to ,countess ,gleichen1 who then executed a bust of her majesty1 now at the ,cheltenham ,ladies' ,college4 ,the ,constitutional ,club1 ,london1 has her bust of ,queen ,alexandra1 which was seen at the ,academy in #ahie4 ,her ,satan attracted much attention when exhibited in #ahid4 ,he is represented as seated on a throne composed of snakes1 while he has scales and wings and is armed like a knight4 ,in #ahii her statue of ,peace was more pleasing1 while a hand-mirror of jade and bronze was much admired both in ,london and ,paris1 where it was seen in the ,exposition of #aijj4 ,in #aija she executed a fountain with a figure of a nymph for a garden in ,paris2 a year later1 a second fountain for ,w4 ,palmer1 ,esq41 ,ascot4 ,she has made a half-length figure of ,kubelik4 ,her sculptured portraits include those of ,sir ,henry ,ponsonby1 ,mme4 ,calv1 ,mrs4 ,walter ,palmer1 and a bust of the late ,queen1 in ivory1 which she exhibited in #aijc4 b,,gleichen1 ,,countess ,,helena4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,gloag1 ,,isobel ,,lilian4_/b ,born in ,london1 the daughter of ,scotch parents4 ,her early studies were made at ,st4 ,john's ,wood ,art ,school1 preparatory to entering the ,school of the ,royal ,academy1 but the conservative and academic training of these institutions so displeased her that she went to the ,slade ,school4 ,ill health compelled her to put aside all plans for regular study1 and she entered ,ridley's studio for private instruction1 following this with work at the ,south ,kensington ,museum4 ,after still further study with ,raphael ,collin in ,paris1 she returned to ,london and soon had her work accepted at the ,royal ,academy4 ,miss ,gloag is reported as saying that women have little sense of composition1 a failing which she does not seem to share2 in this respect and as a colorist she is especially strong4 ,rosamond1 in which the charming girl in a purple robe1 sitting before an embroidery frame1 is startled by the shadow of ,queen ,eleanor bearing the poisoned cup1 displays these qualities to great advantage4 ,the leafy bower1 the hanging mantle1 show great skill in arrangement and a true instinct for color4 ,the ,magic ,mantle1 ,rapunzel1 and the ,miracle of the ,roses have all--especially1 the first named--made an impression2 another and strikingly original picture1 called the ,quick and the ,dead1 represents a poorhouse1 in the ward of which is a group of old women surrounded by the ghosts of men and children4 ,miss ,gloag has also made some admirable designs for stained-glass windows4 ,she has been seriously hampered by ill health1 and her achievements in the face of such a drawback are all the more remarkable4 b,,godewyck1 ,,margaretta4_/b ,born at ,dort1 #afbg4 ,a pupil of the celebrated painter1 ,nicholas ,maas4 ,she excelled as a painter of flowers1 and was proficient in both ancient and modern languages4 ,she was called by authors of her time1 the lovely flower of ,art and ,literature of the ,merwestrom1 which is a poetical way of saying ,dordrecht6 b,,golay1 ,,mary--,,mme4 ,,speich ,,golay4_/b ,silver medal at ,geneva ,exposition1 #ahif2 eighteen medals and rewards gained in the ,art ,schools of ,geneva1 and the highest recompense for excellence in composition and decoration4 ,member of the ,amis des ,beaux-,arts1 ,geneva2 ,socit vaudoise des ,beaux ,arts1 ,lausanne4 ,born in ,geneva and studied there under ,mittey for flower painting1 composition1 and ceramic decoration2 under ,gillet for figure painting4 ,mme4 ,golay has executed a variety of pictures both in oil and water-colors4 ,in an exhibition at the ,athne in ,geneva1 in the autumn of #aijb1 she exhibited two pictures of sleep1 which afforded an almost startling contrast4 ,they were called ,sweet ,sleep and the ,eternal ,sleep4 ,the first was a picture of a beautiful young woman1 nude1 and sleeping in the midst of roses1 while angels watching her inspire rosy dreams of life and love4 ,the roses are of all possible shades1 rendered with wonderful freshness--scarlet roses1 golden roses--and in such masses and so scattered about the nude figure as to give it a character of purity and modesty4 ,the flesh tints are warm1 the figure is supple in effect1 and the whole is a happy picturing of the sleep and dream of a lovely young woman who has thrown herself down in the carelessness of solitude4 ,it required an effort of will to turn to the second picture4 ,here lies another young woman1 in her white shroud1 surrounded with lilies as white as her face1 on which pain has left its traces4 ,in the artistic speech of the present day1 it is a symphony in white4 ,the figure is as rigid as the other is supple2 it is frightfully immovable--and yet the drawing is not exaggerated in its firmness4 ,certainly these contrasting pictures witness to the skill of the artist4 ,without doubt the last is by far the most difficult1 but ,mme4 ,golay has known how to conquer its obstacles4 ,a third picture by this artist in the exhibition is called the ,abundance of ,spring4 ,mme4 ,golay's reputation as a flower painter has been so long established that one need not dwell on the excellence of the work4 ,a writer in the ,geneva ,tribune exclaims3 ,one has never seen more brilliant peonies1 more vigorous or finer branches of lilacs1 or iris more delicate and distinguished4 ,how they breathe--how they live--how they smile--these ephemeral blossoms6 b,,gonzalez1 ,,in,s4_/b ,member of the ,academy ,san ,carlos of ,valencia4 ,in the expositions of #ahde and #ahdf in that city she was represented by several miniatures1 one of which1 ,dido1 was much admired4 ,another--the portrait of the ,baron of ,santa ,barbara--was acquired by the ,economic ,society of ,valencia4 ,in the ,provincial ,museum is her picture of the ,two ,smokers4 b,,granby1 ,,marchioness ,,of4_/b ,replies as follows to circular3 ,lady ,granby has been written about by ,miss ,tomlinson1 #bj ,wigmore ,street1 ,london1 ,w4 ,and ,i advise you if you really want any information to get it from her4 ,v4 ,g4 ,i was not really anxious enough to be informed about ,lady ,granby--who drops so readily from the third person to the first--to act on her advice1 which ,i give to my readers1 in order that any one who does wish to know about her will be able to obtain the information6 b,,grant1 ,,mary ,r4_/b ,this sculptor studied in ,paris and ,florence1 as well as in ,london1 where she was a pupil of ,j4 ,h4 ,foley1 ,r4,a4 ,she has exhibited at the ,royal ,academy since #ahgj4 ,she has executed portraits of ,queen ,victoria1 ,georgina1 ,lady ,dudley1 the ,duke of ,argyll1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,parnell1 ,m4,p41 and ,sir ,francis ,grant1 ,p4,r4,a4 ,her memorial work includes a relief of ,dean ,stanley1 ,royal ,chapel1 ,windsor2 and a relief of ,mr4 ,fawcett1 ,m4,p41 on the ,thames ,embankment4 ,the late ,queen gave ,miss ,grant several commissions4 ,in ,winchester ,cathedral is a screen1 on the exterior of ,lichfield ,cathedral a number of figures1 and in the ,cathedral of ,edinburgh a reredos1 all the work of this artist4 ,at the ,royal ,academy1 #aijc1 she exhibited a medallion portrait in bronze4 b,,gratz1 ,,marie4_/b ,born at ,karlsruhe1 #ahci4 ,this portrait painter was a pupil of ,bergmann1 and later of ,schick and ,canon4 ,among her best-known portraits are those of ,prince and ,princess ,lippe-,detmold1 ,princess ,hohenlohe-,langenburg1 ,prince ,wittgenstein1 the hereditary ,princess ,reuss1 and ,princess ,biron von ,kurland4 b,,gray1 ,,sophie ,,de ,,butts4_/b ,first honor1 ,maryland ,institute2 second honor1 ,world's ,fair1 ,new ,orleans2 gold medal1 ,autumn ,exhibition1 ,louisville1 #ahih2 first and second premiums1 ,nelson ,county ,fair1 #ahih4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,greatorex1 ,,eliza4_/b ,in #ahfi ,mrs4 ,greatorex was elected associate member of the ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york1 and was the first woman member of the ,artists' ,fund ,society of ,new ,york4 ,born in ,ireland4 #ahbj-ahig4 ,studied under ,witherspoon and ,james and ,william ,hart in ,new ,york2 under ,lambinet in ,paris2 and at the ,pinakothek in ,munich4 ,mrs4 ,greatorex visited ,england1 ,paris1 ,italy1 and ,germany1 spending a summer in ,nuremberg and one in ,ober-,ammergau4 ,among her most important works are ,bloomingdale1 which was purchased by ,mr4 ,robert ,hoe2 ,chteau of ,madame ,cliffe1 the property of ,dykeman van ,doren2 ,landscape1 ,amsterdam2 pictures of ,bloomingdale ,church1 ,st4 ,paul's ,church1 and the ,north ,dutch ,church1 all painted on panels taken from these churches4 ,mrs4 ,greatorex illustrated the ,homes of ,ober-,ammergau with etchings1 published in ,munich in #ahga2 also ,summer ,etchings in ,colorado1 published in #ahgd2 and ,old ,new ,york from the ,battery to ,bloomingdale1 published in #ahge4 ,eighteen of the drawings for the ,old ,new ,york were at the ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 #ahgf4 b,,greenaway1 ,,kate4_/b ,member of the ,royal ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors1 #ahij4 ,born in ,london4 #ahdf-aija4 ,her father was a well-known wood-engraver4 ,miss ,greenaway first studied her art at the ,south ,kensington ,school2 then at ,heatherley's life class and at the ,slade ,school4 ,she began to exhibit at the ,dudley ,gallery in #ahfh4 ,her ,christmas cards first attracted general attention to her as an artist4 ,their quaint beauty and truthful drawing in depicting children1 young girls1 flowers1 and landscape soon made them more popular than the similar work of other artists4 ,these cards sold by thousands on both sides of the ,atlantic and secured consideration for any other work she might do4 ,she soon made illustrations for ,little ,folks and the ,london ,news4 ,in #ahgi ,under the ,window appeared1 and one hundred and fifty thousand copies were sold2 it was also translated into ,french and ,german4 ,the ,birthday ,book1 ,mother ,goose1 and ,little ,ann followed and were accorded the heartiest welcome4 ,it is said that for the above four toy books she received #dj1jjj4 ,wherever they went--and they were in all civilized countries--they were applauded by artists and critics and loved by all classes of women and children4 ,one can but hope that ,kate ,greenaway realized the world-wide pleasure she gave to children4 ,the exhibition of her works at the ,gallery of the ,fine ,arts ,society1 since her death1 was even more beautiful than was anticipated4 ,the grace1 delicacy1 and tenderness with which her little people were created impressed one in an entire collection as no single book or picture could do4 ,it has been said that ,kate ,greenaway dressed the children of two continents1 and1 indeed1 her revival of the costumes of a hundred years ago was delightful for the children and for everybody who saw them4 ,among her papers after her death many verses were found4 ,had she lived she would doubtless have acquired the courage to give them to the world4 ,she was shy of strangers and the public2 had few intimates1 but of those few was very fond2 the charm of her character was great--indeed1 her friends could discover no faults in her2 her personality and presence were as lovely to them as were her exquisite flowers4 b,,greene1 ,,mary ,,shepard4_/b ,third-class medal1 #aijj1 second-class medal1 #aijb1 at ,salon des ,artistes ,franais4 ,her picture of #aijb is thus spoken of in ,success1 ,september of that year3 ',une ,petite ,histoire' is the title of ,miss ,mary ,shepard ,greene's graceful canvas4 ,the lithe and youthful figure of a girl is extended upon a straight-backed settle in somewhat of a ,rcamier pose4 ,she is intently occupied in the perusal of a book4 ,the turn of the head1 the careless attitude1 and the flesh tints of throat and face are all admirably rendered4 ,the diaphanous quality of the girlish costume is skilfully worked out1 as are also the accessories of the room4 ,miss ,greene's work must commend itself to those who recognize the true in art4 ,technical dexterity and a fine discrimination of color are attributes of this conscientious artist's work4 ,she has a rare idea of grace and great strength of treatment4 ,miss ,greene's canvas has a charm all its own1 and is essentially womanly1 while at the same time it is not lacking in character4 ,hailing from ,new ,england1 her first training was in ,brooklyn1 under ,professor ,whittaker1 from whom she received much encouragement4 ,afterward she came under the influence of ,herbert ,adams1 and1 after pursuing her studies with that renowned artist1 she went to ,paris1 where she was received as a pupil by ,raphael ,collin4 ,she has exhibited at ,omaha1 ,pittsburg1 and at the ,salon4 ,her first picture1 called ',un ,regard ,fugitif1' won for her a medal of the third class4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,grey1 ,,mrs4 ,,edith ,f4_/b ,member of the ,society of ,miniaturists1 ,royal ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors1 ,bewick ,club1 and ,northumbrian ,art ,institute1 ,newcastle-on-,tyne4 ,born at the last-named place1 where she also made her studies in the ,newcastle ,school of ,art1 and later under private masters in ,london4 ,mrs4 ,grey has exhibited miniatures and pictures in both oils and water-colors at the ,royal ,society of ,british ,artists1 the ,royal ,academy1 the ,royal ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors1 and the exhibitions at ,liverpool1 ,manchester1 and ,york4 ,since #ahij she has continuously exhibited at the ,academy of the ,royal ,institute1 ,london1 except in #ahie and #aijb4 ,mrs4 ,grey was fortunate in having the first picture she sent to ,london sold1 and has continued to find purchasers for her exhibited works1 which are now in many private collections and number about one hundred and fifty4 ,empty1 a child study in oils1 #ahig1 and a water-color1 ,a ,silver ,latch1 #aijj1 are among her important works4 ,to the ,academy ,exhibition1 #aijc1 she sent a picture of ,nightfall1 ,cullercoats1 and a portrait of ,lily1 daughter of ,mrs4 ,j4 ,b4 ,firth4 b,,guild1 ,,mrs4 ,,cadwallader4_/b ,i quote from the ,boston ,transcript a portion of an article relative to this sculptor1 some of whose works were exhibited in ,boston in #aijc3 ,in spite of the always suspected journalistic laudations of ,americans abroad1 in spite of the social vogue and intimacy with royalty which these chronicle1 the work of ,mrs4 ,guild shows unmistakable talent and such a fresh1 free spirit of originality that one can almost accept the alleged dictum of ,berlin that ,mrs4 ,guild 'is the greatest genius in sculpture that ,america has ever had4' ,the list of ,mrs4 ,guild's works executed abroad include a painting belonging to the very beginning of her career1 of still-life in oils1 which was accepted and well hung at the ,royal ,academy in ,london2 but it is in ,berlin that she has been especially successful4 ,to her credit there are3 ,a bust of her royal highness the ,princess ,christian of ,schleswig-,holstein2 ,mr4 ,gladstone1 in marble and bronze2 ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 in bronze1 for the ',permanent ,manchester ,art ,exhibition'2 ,mr4 ,peter ,brotherhood1 inventor of a torpedo engine1 in marble and bronze1 which held the place of honor at the ,royal ,academy the year of its exhibition2 ,princess ,henry of ,prussia1 in marble2 her highness ,princess ,helena of ,saxe-,altenburg2 his excellency the ,baron von ,rheinbaben1 minister of finance2 his excellency ,dr4 ,studt1 minister of education in art2 ,prof4 ,dr4 ,henry ,thode1 of the ,heidelberg ,university2 ,hans ,thoma and ,joachim1 the violinist2 ,felix ,weingartner2 statuette of her royal highness ,princess ,henry with her little son ,prince ,henry4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,gunther-,,amberg1 ,,julie4_/b ,born in ,berlin1 #ahee4 ,daughter and pupil of ,wilhelm ,amberg2 later she studied under ,gussow4 ,she painted attractive scenes of domestic life1 the setting for these works often representing a landscape characteristic of the shore of the ,baltic ,sea4 ,among these pictures are ,schurr-,meer1 ,the ,village ,coquette1 ,sunday ,afternoon1 ,at the ,garden ,gate1 and ,harvest ,day in ,misdroy4 ,in #ahhf this artist married ,dr4 ,gunther1 of ,berlin4 b,,guyon1 ,,maximili,,nne4_/b ,medal of third class1 ,paris salon1 #ahhh2 honorable mention and medal of third class at ,exposition ,universelle1 #ahhi2 travelling purse1 #ahid--;first woman to whom the purse was given2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 gold medal at ,exposition of ,black and ,white1 ,paris2 medal in silver-gilt at ,amiens4 ,mme4 ,guyon is hors concours at ,lyons1 ,versailles1 ,rouen1 etc4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais1 ,socit des ,aquarellistes ,franais1 and of the ,socit des ,prix du ,salon et ,boursiers de ,voyage4 ,born at ,paris4 ,pupil of the ,julian ,academy under ,robert-,fleury1 ,jules ,lefebvre1 and ,gustave ,boulanger4 ,mme4 ,guyon is a successful portrait painter1 and her works are numerous4 ,among her pictures of another sort are the ,violinist and ,the ,river4 ,in the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 she exhibited two portraits4 ,in #aijc she exhibited ,mending of the ,fish ,nets1 a scene in ,brittany1 and ,a ,study4 ,the net-menders are three peasant women1 seated on the shore1 with a large net thrown across their laps1 all looking down and working busily4 ,they wear the white ,breton caps1 and but for these--in the reproduction that ,i have--it seems a gloomy picture2 but one cannot judge of color from the black and white4 ,the net is well done1 as are the hands1 and the whole work is true to the character of such a scene in the country of these hard-working women4 ,mme4 ,guyon is much esteemed as a teacher4 ,she has been an instructor and adviser to the ,princess ,mathilde1 and has had many young ladies in her classes4 ,in her portraits she succeeds in revealing the individual characteristics of her subjects and bringing out that which is sometimes a revelation to themselves in a pronounced manner4 ,is not this the key to the charm of her works8 b,,haanen1 ,,elizabeth ,,alida--,,mme4 ,,kiers4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,amsterdam1 #ahch4 ,born in ,utrecht4 #ahji-ahde4 ,pupil of her brother1 ,georg ,g4 van ,haanen4 ,the genre pictures by this artist are admirable4 ,a ,dutch ,peasant ,woman and ,the ,midday ,prayer of an ,aged ,couple are excellent examples of her art and have been made familiar through reproductions4 b,,hale1 ,,ellen ,,day4_/b ,medal at exhibition of ,mechanics' ,charitable ,association4 ,born in ,worcester1 ,massachusetts4 ,pupil of ,william ,m4 ,hart and of ,dr4 ,rimmer1 in ,boston1 and of the ,julian ,academy1 ,paris4 ,her principal works are decorative4 ,the ,nativity is in the ,south ,congregational ,church1 ,boston2 ,military ,music1 decorative1 is in ,philadelphia4 ,she also paints figure subjects4 b,,hallowell1 ,,may4_/b ,see ,loud4 b,,halse1 ,,emmeline4_/b ,this artist1 when in the ,royal ,academy ,schools1 was awarded two silver medals and a prize of #cj4 ,her works have been accepted at the ,academy ,exhibitions since #ahhh1 and occasionally she has sent them to the ,paris ,salons4 ,born in ,london4 ,studied under ,sir ,frederick ,leighton1 at ,academy ,schools1 and in ,paris under ,m4 ,bogino4 ,miss ,halse executed the reredos in ,st4 ,john's ,church1 ,notting ,hill1 ,london2 a terra-cotta relief called ,earthward ,board 787 is in ,st4 ,bartholomew's ,hospital1 ,london2 a relief1 the ,pleiades1 was purchased by the ,corporation of ,glasgow for the ,permanent ,exhibition2 her restoration of the ,hermes was placed in the ,british ,museum beside the cast from the original4 ,this artist has made many life-size studies of children1 portraits in marble1 plaster1 and wax1 in all sizes1 poetical reliefs1 and tiny wax figures4 b,,hammond1 ,,gertrude ,,demain4_/b ,several prizes at the ,school of the ,royal ,academy1 #ahhf1 #ahhg1 and in #ahhi the prize for decorative design2 bronze medal at ,paris ,exposition in #aijj4 ,member of ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors4 ,born at ,brixton4 ,after gaining the prize for decorative design ,miss ,hammond was commissioned to execute her design1 in a public building4 ,this was the third time that such a commission was given to a prize student1 and the first time it was accorded to a woman4 ,more recently ,miss ,hammond has illustrated books and magazines2 in #aijb she illustrated the ,virginians in a new ,american edition of ,thackeray's novels4 ,at the ,academy1 #aijc1 she exhibited ,a ,reading from ,plato4 b,,harding1 ,,charlotte4_/b ,george ,w4 ,childs gold medal at ,philadelphia ,school of ,design for ,women2 silver medal at ,women's ,exposition1 ,london1 #aijj4 ,born in ,newark1 ,new ,jersey1 #ahgc4 ,pupil of ,philadelphia ,academy of ,fine ,arts and ,school of ,design for ,women4 ,in the latter was awarded the ,horstman fellowship4 ,miss ,harding is an illustrator whose works are seen in a number of the principal magazines4 b,,hart1 ,,letitia ,b4_/b ,dodge prize1 ,national ,academy of ,design1 #ahih4 ,born in ,new ,york1 #aheg4 ,pupil of her father1 ,james ,m4 ,hart1 and ,edgar ,m4 ,ward4 ,her principal works are ,the ,keepsake1 ,unwinding the ,skein1 ,in ,silk ,attire1 and ,the ,bride's ,bouquet4 b,,havens1 ,,belle4_/b ,awarded third ,hallgarten prize at ,national ,academy of ,design1 winter of #aijc4 ,born in ,franklin ,county1 ,ohio4 ,studied at ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york1 and at ,colarossi ,atelier1 ,paris4 ,in ,new ,york ,miss ,havens was directed by ,william ,chase1 and by ,whistler in ,paris4 ,in ,holland she studied landscape under ,hitchcock1 and a picture called ,going ,home was accepted at the ,salon and later exhibited at the ,philadelphia ,academy2 it is owned by ,mr4 ,caldwell1 of ,pittsburg4 ,mr4 ,harrison ,n4 ,howard1 in ,brush and ,pencil1 writing of the exhibition of the ,national ,academy of ,design1 says3 ',belle ,havens' the ',last ,load' is part and parcel with her other cart-and-horse compositions1 commonplace and prosaic in subject1 but rendered naturally and forcefully and with no small measure of atmospheric effect4 ,the picture is not one of the winsome sort1 and it doubtless makes less appeal to the spectator than any other of the prize-winners4 b,,hazleton1 ,,mary ,,brewster4_/b ,first ,hallgarten prize1 #ahif2 first prize travelling scholarship1 ,school of ,museum of ,fine ,arts1 ,boston1 #ahii2 honorable mention1 ,buffalo1 #aija4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,hedinger1 ,,elise4_/b ,family name ,neumann4 ,born in ,berlin1 #ahed4 ,pupil of ,hoguet1 ,hertel1 and ,gussow in ,berlin1 and of ,bracht in ,paris4 ,in recent years she has exhibited in ,berlin and other cities many exquisite landscapes and admirable pictures of still-life1 which have been universally praised4 b,,heeren1 ,,minna4_/b ,born in ,hamburg2 living in ,dsseldorf4 ,in the ,gallery at ,hamburg is her ,ruth and ,naomi1 #ahed2 other important works are ,the ,veteran of #ahac and ,his ,grandson1 ,wounded in #ahgj1 ,the ,little ,boaster1 ,a ,troubled ,hour of ,rest1 etc4 b,,helena4_/b ,a ,greek painter of the fourth century ,b4 ,c4 ,daughter of ,timon1 an ,egyptian4 ,she executed a picture of the ,battle of ,issus1 which was exhibited in the ,temple of ,peace1 in the time of ,vespasian1 #ccc ,b4 ,c4 b,,herbelin1 ,,mme4 ,,jeanne ,,mathilde4_/b ,third-class medal1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahdc2 second class1 #ahdd2 and first class1 #ahdg1 #ahdh1 and #ahee4 ,born in ,brunoy1 #ahbj4 ,a painter of miniatures4 ,one of these works by ,mme4 ,herbelin was the first miniature admitted to the ,luxembourg ,gallery4 b,,hereford1 ,,laura4_/b #ahca-ahgj4 ,this artist is distinguished by the fact that she was the first woman to whom the schools of the ,royal ,academy were opened4 ,she became a pupil there in #ahfa or #ahfb1 and in #ahfd sent to the ,exhibition ,a ,quiet ,corner2 in #ahfe1 ,thoughtful2 in #ahff1 ,brother and ,sister2 and in #ahfg1 ,margaret4 b,,herman1 ,,hermine ,,von4_/b ,born in ,komorn1 ,hungary1 #aheg4 ,studied under ,darnaut in ,vienna1 where she made her home4 ,she is a landscape painter and is known through her ,evening ,landscape1 ,spring1 ,eve1 and a picture of roses4 b,,heustis1 ,,louise ,,lyons4_/b ,member of ,art ,workers' ,club for ,women and the ,art ,students' ,league4 ,born in ,mobile1 ,alabama4 ,pupil of ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york1 under ,kenyon ,cox and ,w4 ,m4 ,chase2 at ,julian ,academy1 ,paris1 under ,charles ,lasar4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,copley ,print4 ,,the ,,departure ,,of ,,summer ,,louise ,l4 ,,heustis ,a portrait painter4 ,at a recent exhibition of the ,society of ,american ,artists1 ,miss ,heustis's genre portrait called ,the ,recitation was most attractive and well painted4 ,she has painted portraits of ,mr4 ,henry ,f4 ,dimock2 ,mr4 ,edward ,l4 ,tinker1 in riding clothes1 of which a critic says1 ,it is painted with distinction and charm2 the portrait of a little boy in a ,russian blouse is especially attractive2 and a portrait of ,miss ,soley in riding costume is well done4 ,these are but a small number of the portraits by this artist4 ,she is clever in posing her sitters1 manages the effect of light with skill and judgement1 and renders the various kinds of textures to excellent advantage4 ,as an illustrator ,miss ,heustis has been employed by ,st4 ,nicholas1 ,scribner's1 and ,harper's ,magazine4 b,,hill1 ,,amelia ,r4_/b ,a native of ,dunfermline1 she lived many years in ,edinburgh4 ,a sister of ,sir ,noel and ,walter ,h4 ,paton1 she married ,d4 ,o4 ,hill1 of the ,royal ,scottish ,academy4 ,mrs4 ,hill made busts of ,thomas ,carlyle1 ,sir ,david ,brewster1 ,sir ,noel ,paton1 ,richard ,irven1 of ,new ,york1 and others4 ,she also executed many ideal figures4 ,she was the sculptor of the memorial to the ,regent ,murray at ,linlithgow1 of the statue of ,captain ,cook1 and that of ,dr4 ,livingstone2 the latter was unveiled in ,prince's ,gardens1 ,edinburgh1 in #ahgf1 and is said to be the first work of this kind executed by a woman and erected in a public square in ,great ,britain4 ,mrs4 ,hill has mastered great difficulties in becoming a sculptor in established practice4--,mrs4 ,tytler's ,modern ,painters4 ,mrs4 ,hill's ,captain ,cook--,r4 ,scottish ,academy1 #ahgd--;is an interesting figure and a perfectly faithful likeness1 according to extant portraits of the great circumnavigator4--,art ,journal1 ,april1 #ahgd4 b,,hills1 ,,laura ,,coombs4_/b ,medal at ,art ,interchange1 #ahie2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 silver medal1 ,pan-,american ,exposition1 #aija2 second prize1 ,corcoran ,art ,gallery1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c1 #aija4 ,member of ,society of ,american ,artists1 ,women's ,art ,club1 ,new ,york1 ,american ,society of ,miniature ,painters1 and ,water-,color ,club1 ,boston4 ,born in ,newburyport1 ,massachusetts4 ,studied in ,helen ,m4 ,knowlton's studio and at ,cowles ,art ,school1 ,boston1 and at ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,,miniature ,,of ,,persis ,,blair ,,laura ,,coombs ,,hills ,miss ,hills is a prominent and successful miniaturist1 and her numerous pictures are in the possession of her subjects4 ,they are decidedly individual in character4 ,no matter how simple her arrangements1 she gives her pictures a cachet of distinction4 ,it may be a lady in a black gown with a black aigrette in her hair and a background of delicate turquoise blue1 or the delicate profile of a red-haired beauty1 outlined against tapestry1 the snowy head and shoulders rising out of dusky brown velvet2 but the effect is gem-like1 a revelation of exquisite coloring that is entirely artistic4 ,an attractive work1 reproduced here1 may be called a miniature picture4 ,it is a portrait of a little lady1 apparently six or seven years old1 in an artistic old-fashioned gown1 the bodice low in neck and cut in sharp point at the waist line in front2 elbow sleeves1 slippers with large rosettes1 just peeping out from her dress1 her feet not touching the floor1 so high is she seated4 ,her hair1 curling about her face1 is held back by a ribbon bandeau in front2 one long1 heavy curl rests on the left side of her neck1 and is surmounted by a big butterfly bow4 ,the costume and pose are delightful and striking at first sight1 but the more the picture is studied the more the face attracts the attention it merits4 ,it is a sweet little girl's face1 modest and sensible4 ,she is holding the arm of her seat with a sort of determination to sit that way and be looked at so long as she must1 but her expression shows that she is thinking hard of something that she intends to do so soon as she can jump down and run away to her more interesting occupations4 b,,hinman1 ,,leana ,,mclennan4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,hitz1 ,,dora4_/b ,born at ,altdorf1 near ,nuremberg1 #ahef4 ,during eight years she worked under the direction of ,lindenschmit1 #ahgj-ahgh4 ,she was then invited to ,bucharest by the ,queen of ,roumania1 ,carmen ,sylva4 ,here the artist illustrated the ,queen's poem1 ,ada1 with a series of water-color sketches1 and painted two landscapes from ,roumanian scenery4 ,between #ahhc and #ahhf she made sketches for the mural decoration of the music-room at the castle of ,sinoia4 ,later1 in ,brittany and ,normandy1 she made illustrations for the fisher-romances of ,pierre ,loti4 ,at ,berlin1 in #ahia-ahib1 she painted portraits1 and then retired to ,charlottenburg4 ,her exhibition of two beautiful pictures in gouache1 at ,dresden1 in #ahib1 brought her into notice1 and her grasp of her subjects and her method of execution were much commended4 ,frulein ,hitz could not stem the classic art creed of ,berlin1 where the new idealism is spurned4 ,she ventured to exhibit some portraits and studies there in #ahid1 and was most unfavorably criticised4 ,at ,munich1 however1 in #ahie1 her exhibition was much admired at the ,secession4 ,again1 in #ahih1 she exhibited1 in ,berlin1 at the ,union of ,eleven1 a portrait of a young girl1 which was received with no more favor than was shown her previous works4 ,in the same year1 at the ,livre ,esthetique1 in ,brussels1 her pictures were thought to combine a charming grace with a sure sense of light effects1 in which the predominating tone was a deep silver gray4 ,a portrait by this artist was exhibited at a ,paris ,salon in #ahie4 b,,hoffmann1 ,,felicitas4_/b ,born in ,venice1 she died in ,dresden1 #agfj4 ,pupil of ,rosalba ,camera4 ,there are four pictures in the ,dresden ,gallery attributed to her--,st4 ,george1 after ,correggio2 ,diana with an ,italian ,greyhound1 after ,camera2 ,winter1 a half-length figure by herself2 and her own portrait4 ,her principal works were religious subjects and portraits4 b,,hoffmann-,,tedesco1 ,,giulia4_/b ,prize at the ,beatrice ,exposition1 ,naples4 ,born at ,wurzburg1 #ahej4 ,this artist has lived in ,italy and made her artistic success there1 her works having been seen in many exhibitions4 ,her prize picture at ,naples was called ,a ,mother's ,joy4 ,in #ahgg she exhibited in the same city ,sappho and ,a ,mother1 which were much admired2 at ,turin1 #ahhj1 ,on the ,water and ,the ,dance were seen2 at ,milan1 #ahha1 she exhibited ,timon of ,athens and a ,sunset2 at ,rome1 #ahhc1 ,a ,gipsy ,girl and ,flowers4 ,her flower pictures are excellent2 they are represented with truth1 spirit1 and grace4 b,,hogarth1 ,,mary4_/b ,exhibits regularly at the ,new ,english ,art ,club1 and occasionally at the ,new ,gallery4 ,born at ,barton-on-,humber1 ,lincolnshire4 ,pupil of the ,slade ,school under ,prof4 ,fred ,brown and ,p4 ,wilson ,steer4 ,miss ,hogarth's contribution to the exhibition of the ,new ,english ,art ,club1 #aijb1 was called ,the ,green ,shutters1 a very peculiar title for what was1 in fact1 a picture of the ,ponte ,vecchio and its surroundings1 in ,florence4 ,it was interesting4 ,it was scarcely a painting2 a tinted sketch would be a better name for it4 ,it was an actual portrait of the scene1 and skilfully done4 b,,hormuth-,,kollmorgen1 ,,margarethe4_/b ,born at ,heidelberg1 #aheh4 ,pupil of ,ferdinand ,keller at ,carlsruhe4 ,married the artist ,kollmorgen1 #ahhb4 ,this painter of flowers and still-life has also devoted herself to decorative work1 mural designs1 fire-screens1 etc41 in which she has been successful4 ,her coloring is admirable and her execution careful and firm4 b,,hosmer1 ,,harriet ,g4_/b ,born in ,watertown1 ,massachusetts1 #ahcj4 ,pupil in ,boston of ,stevenson1 who taught her to model2 pupil of her father1 a physician1 in anatomy1 taking a supplementary course at the ,st4 ,louis ,medical ,school4 ,since #aheb she has resided in ,rome1 where she was a pupil of ,gibson4 ,two heads1 ,daphne and ,medusa1 executed soon after she went to ,rome1 were praised by critics of authority4 ,will-o'-the-,wisp1 ,puck1 ,sleeping ,faun1 ,waking ,faun1 and ,zenobia in ,chains followed each other rapidly4 ,miss ,hosmer made a portrait statue of ,maria ,sophia1 ,queen of the ,sicilies1 and a monument to an ,english lady to be placed in a church in ,rome4 ,her ,beatrice ,cenci has been much admired2 it is in the ,public ,library at ,st4 ,louis1 and her statue of ,thomas ,h4 ,benton is in a square of the same city4 ,for ,lady ,ashburton ,miss ,hosmer made her ,triton and ,mermaid ,fountains1 and a ,siren ,fountain for ,lady ,marian ,alford4 b,,houston1 ,,caroline ,a4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,houston1 ,,frances ,c4_/b ,bronze medal at ,atlanta ,exposition2 honorable mention at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,member of the ,water-,color ,club1 ,boston1 and of the ,society of ,arts and ,crafts4 ,born in ,hudson1 ,michigan1 #ahea4 ,studied in ,julian ,academy under ,lefebvre and ,boulanger4 ,a portrait painter whose pictures are in private hands4 ,they have been exhibited in ,paris1 ,london1 ,naples1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 and ,boston4 ,mrs4 ,houston writes me3 ,i have not painted many pictures of late years1 but always something for exhibition every year4 ,she first exhibited at ,paris ,salon in #ahhi1 in ,london ,academy in #ahij1 and annually sends her portraits to the ,boston1 ,new ,york1 and ,philadelphia ,exhibitions4 b,,hoxie1 ,,vinnie ,,ream4_/b ,born in ,madison1 ,wisconsin1 #ahdg4 ,this sculptor was but fifteen years old when she was commissioned to make a life-size statue of ,abraham ,lincoln1 who sat for his bust2 her completed statue of him is in the rotunda of the ,capitol at ,washington4 ,congress then gave her the commission for the heroic statue of ,admiral ,farragut1 now in ,farragut ,square1 ,washington4 ,these are the only two statues that the ,united ,states ,government has ordered of a woman4 ,this artist has executed ideal statues and several bust portraits of distinguished men4 ,of these the bust of ,ezra ,cornell is at ,cornell ,university2 that of ,mayor ,powell in the ,city ,hall of ,brooklyn1 etc4 b,,hudson1 ,,grace4_/b ,gold medal at ,hopkins ,institute1 ,san ,francisco2 silver medal at ,preliminary ,world's ,fair ,exhibition of ,pacific ,states2 and medals and honorable mention at several ,california ,state exhibitions4 ,born in ,potter ,valley1 ,california4 ,studied at ,hopkins ,art ,institute1 ,san ,francisco1 under ,virgil ,williams and ,oscar ,kunath4 ,paints genre subjects1 some of which are ,captain ,john1 in ,national ,museum2 ,laughing ,child1 in ,c4 ,p4 ,huntington ,collection2 ,who ,comes8 in private hands in ,denver1 etc4 ,mrs4 ,hudson's pictures of ,indians1 the ,pomas especially1 are very interesting1 although when one sees the living article one wonders how a picture of him1 conscientiously painted and truthful in detail1 can be so little repulsive--or1 in fact1 not repulsive at all4 ,at all events1 ,mrs4 ,hudson has no worthy rival in painting ,california ,indians4 ,if we do not sympathize with her choice of subjects1 we are compelled to acknowledge that her pictures are full of interest and emphasize the power of this artist in keeping them above a wearisome commonplace4 ,her ,indian children are attractive1 we must admit1 and her ,poma ,bride1 seated in the midst of the baskets that are her dower1 is a picture which curiously attracts and holds the attention4 ,her compositions are simple1 and it can only be a rare skill in their treatment that gives them the value that is generally accorded them by critics1 who1 while approving them1 are all the time conscious of surprise at themselves for doing so1 and of an unanswered ,why8 which persists in presenting itself to their thought when seeing or thinking of these pictures4 b,,hulbert1 ,,mrs4 ,,katherine ,,allmond4_/b ,born in ,sacramento ,valley1 ,california4 ,pupil of the ,san ,francisco ,school of ,design under ,virgil ,williams2 ,national ,academy of ,design1 ,new ,york1 under ,charles ,noel ,flagg2 ,artist ,artisan ,institute1 ,new ,york1 under ,john ,ward ,stimson4 ,this artist paints in water-colors and her works are much admired4 ,among the most important are ,the ,stream1 ,south ,egremont1 which is in a private gallery in ,denver2 ,in the ,woods belongs to ,mr4 ,whiting1 of ,great ,barrington2 and ,sunlight and ,shadow to ,mr4 ,benedict1 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,mrs4 ,hulbert is also favorably known as an illustrator and decorative designer4 b,,hunter1 ,,mary ,y4_/b ,four silver medals at ,royal ,academy ,schools ,exhibitions2 diploma for silver medal1 ,woman's ,international ,exhibition1 ,earl's ,court1 ,london4 ,member of ,society of ,painters in ,tempera4 ,born in ,new ,zealand4 ,studied at ,royal ,academy ,schools4 ,the following list of the titles of ,mrs4 ,hunter's works will give an idea of the subjects she affects3 ,dante and ,beatrice1 ,joy to the ,laborer1 ,an ,italian ,garden1 ,where shall ,wisdom be ,found8 and the ,roadmenders1 in ,academy ,exhibition1 #aijc4 ,the only work of ,mrs4 ,hunter's that ,i have seen is the ,dante and ,beatrice1 ,academy1 #aijj1 and the impression ,i received leads me to think an article in the ,studio1 ,june1 #aijc1 a just estimate of her work4 ,it is by ,a4 ,l4 ,baldry1 who writes3 ,in the band of young artists who are at the present time building up sound reputations which promise to be permanent1 places of much prominence must be assigned to ,mr4 ,j4 ,young ,hunter and his wife4 ,though neither of them has been before the public for any considerable period1 they have already1 by a succession of notable works1 earned the right to an amount of attention which1 as a rule1 can be claimed only by workers who have a large fund of experience to draw upon4 ,but though they have been more than ordinarily successful in establishing themselves among the few contemporary painters whose performances are worth watching1 they have not sprung suddenly into notice by some special achievement or by doing work so sensational that it would not fail to set people talking4 ,there has been no spasmodic brilliancy in their progress1 none of that strange alternation of masterly accomplishment and hesitating effort which is apt at times to mark the earlier stages of the life of an artist who may or may not attain greatness in his later years4 ,they have gone forward steadily year by year1 amplifying their methods and widening the range of their convictions2 and there has been no moment since they made their first appeal to the public at which they can be said to have shown any diminution in the earnestness of their artistic intentions4 ,the school to which they belong is one which has latterly gathered to itself a very large number of adherents among the younger painters--a school that1 for want of a better name1 can be called that of the new ,pre-,raphaelites4 ,it has grown up1 apparently1 as an expression of the reaction which has recently set in against the realistic beliefs taught so assiduously a quarter of a century ago4 ,at the end of the seventies there was a prevailing idea that the only mission of the artist was to record with absolute fidelity the facts of nature4444 ,to-day the fallacy of that creed is properly recognized1 and the artists on whom we have to depend in the immediate future for memorable works have substituted for it something much more reasonable4444 ,there runs through this new school a vein of romantic fantasy which all thinking people can appreciate1 because it leads to the production of pictures which appeal1 not only to the eye by their attractiveness of aspect1 but also to the mind by their charm of sentiment4444 ,it is because ,mr4 ,young ,hunter and his wife have carried out consistently the best principles of this school that they have1 in a career of some half-dozen years1 established themselves as painters of noteworthy prominence4 ,their romanticism has always been free from exaggeration and from that morbidity of subject and treatment which is occasionally a defect in the work of young artists4 ,they have kept their art wholesome and sincere1 and they have cultivated judiciously those tendencies in it which justify most completely the development of the new ,pre-,raphaelitism4 ,they are1 indeed1 standing examples of the value of this movement1 which seems destined to make upon history a mark almost as definite as that left by the original ,brotherhood in the middle of the nineteenth century4 ,by their help1 and that of the group to which they belong1 a new artistic fashion is being established1 a fashion of a novel sort1 for its hold upon the public is a result not of some irrational popular craze1 but of the fascinating arguments which are put into visible shape by the painters themselves4 b,,hyatt1 ,,harriet ,,randolph--,,mrs4 ,,alfred ,l4 ,,mayer4_/b ,silver medal at ,exposition in ,atlanta1 ,georgia1 #ahie4 ,member of ,national ,art ,club1 ,new ,york4 ,born at ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,studied at ,cowles ,art ,school and with ,ross ,turner2 later under ,h4 ,h4 ,kitson and ,ernest ,l4 ,major4 ,among this artist's pictures are ,shouting above the ,tide1 ,primitive ,fishing1 ,the ,choir ,invisible1 etc4 ,the plaster group called the ,boy with ,great ,dane was the work of this artist and her sister1 ,anna ,vaughan ,hyatt1 and is at the ,bureau of the ,society for the ,prevention of ,cruelty to ,animals1 in ,new ,york4 b,,hyatt1 ,,anna ,,vaughan4_/b ,member of the ,copley ,society1 ,boston4 ,born in ,cambridge1 ,massachusetts4 ,studied nature at ,bostock's ,animal ,arena1 ,norumbega ,park1 and at ,sportsman's ,exhibition4 ,criticism from ,h4 ,h4 ,kitson4 ,the principal works of this artist are the ,boy with ,great ,dane1 already mentioned1 made in conjunction with her sister2 a ,bison1 in a private collection in ,boston2 and ,playing with ,fire4 ,in ,november1 #aijb1 ,miss ,hyatt held an exhibition of her works1 in plaster and bronze1 at the ,boston ,art ,club4 ,there were many small studies taken from life4 b,,hyde1 ,,helen4_/b ,member of the ,art ,association1 ,san ,francisco4 ,born in ,lima1 ,new ,york1 but has lived so much in ,california that she is identified with that ,state1 and especially with ,san ,francisco4 ,she made her studies in ,san ,francisco1 ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 and ,paris1 where she was a pupil of ,felix ,regamy and ,albert ,sterner4 ,she then went to ,holland1 where she also studied4 ,on her return to ,san ,francisco she became so enamoured of the ,oriental life she saw there that she determined to go to ,japan to perfect herself in colored etching4 ,miss ,hyde devoted herself to the study she had chosen during three years4 ,she lived in an old temple at ,tokio1 made frequent excursions into the country1 was a pupil of the best ,japanese teachers1 adapted herself to the customs of the country1 worked on low tables1 sitting on the floor1 and so gained the confidence of the natives that she easily obtained models1 and1 in a word1 this artist was soon accorded honors in ,japanese exhibitions1 where her pictures were side by side with those of the best native artists4 ,illustration3 ,,child ,,of ,,the ,,people ,,helen ,,hyde ,miss ,hyde has made a visit to ,america and received many commissions which decided her to return to ,japan4 ,a letter from a friend in ,tokio1 written in ,october1 #aijc1 says that she will soon return to ,california4 b,,ighino1 ,,mary4_/b ,a sculptor residing in ,genoa4 ,since #ahhd she has exhibited a number of busts1 bas-reliefs1 and statues4 ,at ,turin in the above-named year she exhibited a group in plaster1 ,love ,dominating ,evil4 ,she is especially successful in bas-relief portraits2 one of these is of the ,genoese sculptor1 ,santo ,varin4 ,she has also made a bust of ,emanuele ,filiberto2 and in terra-cotta a bust of ,oicetta ,doria1 the fifteenth-century heroine of ,mitylene4 ,she has executed a number of decorative and monumental works1 and receives many commissions from both ,italians and foreigners4 b,,inglis1 ,,hester4_/b ,this artist lived in the last half of the sixteenth and in the early decades of the seventeenth century4 ,in the ,library of ,christ ,church ,college1 ,oxford1 there is an example of the ,psalms1 in ,french1 written and decorated by her1 which formerly belonged to ,queen ,elizabeth4 ,in the ,royal ,library of the ,british ,museum there is also a ,book of ,emblems from her hand4 b,,itasse1 ,,jeanne4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahhh1 and the purse of the city of ,paris2 at ,paris ,exposition1 honorable mention1 #ahhi2 travelling purse1 #ahia2 medal at ,chicago ,exposition1 #ahic2 medal third class1 ,salon1 #ahif2 medal second class1 #ahii2 silver medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,member of ,socit des ,artistes ,franais1 ,socit ,libre1 ,socit des prix du ,salon et boursiers de voyage4 ,born in ,paris4 ,pupil of her father4 ,several works of this sculptor have been purchased by the ,government and are in the ,bureaux of ,ministers or in provincial museums4 ,a ,bacchante is in the ,museum at ,agen2 a portrait bust in the ,museum of ,alger4 ,at the ,salon of #aijb ,mlle ,itasse exhibited a ,madonna2 in #aijc1 a portrait of ,m1 ,w4 ,mlle ,itasse knows her art thoroughly4 ,when still a child1 at the age when little girls play with dolls1 she was in her father's atelier1 working in clay with an irresistible fondness for this occupation1 and without relaxation making one little object after another1 until she acquired that admirable surety of execution that one admires in her work--a quality sometimes lacking in the work of both men and women sculptors4 ,since her dbut at the ,salon of #ahhf she has annually exhibited important works4 ,in #ahhg her bust of the danseuse1 ,marie ,salles1 was purchased by the ,government for the ,opera2 in #ahhh she exhibited a plaster statue1 the ,young ,scholar1 and the following year the bust of her father2 in #ahij a ,st4 ,sebastian in high relief2 in #ahia an ,egyptian ,harpist1 which gained her a traveller's purse and an invitation from the ,viceroy of ,egypt2 in #ahic a ,renaissance bas-relief2 in #ahid the superb funeral monument dedicated to her father2 in #ahif she exhibited1 in plaster1 the ,bacchante1 which in marble was a brilliant success and gained for her a second-class medal and the palmes acadmique1 while the statue was acquired by the ,government4 ,mlle4 ,itasse has also gained official recompenses in provincial exhibitions and has richly won the right to esteem herself mistress of her art4 b,,jacquemart1 ,,mlle4 ,n,,lie4_/b ,medals at ,paris ,salon1 #ahfh1 #ahfi1 and #ahgj4 ,born in ,paris4 ,a very successful portrait painter4 ,among the portraits she has exhibited at the ,paris ,salon are those of ,marshal ,canrobert1 ,general d',aurelle de ,paladines1 ,general de ,palikao1 ,count de ,chambrun1 ,m4 ,dufaure1 and many others1 both ladies and gentlemen4 ,her portrait of ,thiers in #ahgb was greatly admired4 ,paul d',abrest wrote of ,mlle4 ,jacquemart1 in the ,zeitschrift fr bildende ,kunst3 ,one feels that this artist does not take her inspirations alone from the sittings of her subjects1 but that she finds the best part of her work in her knowledge of character and from her close study of the personnelle of those whom she portrays4 b,,janda1 ,,herminie ,,von4_/b ,born at ,klosterbruch1 #ahed4 ,pupil of ,ludwig ,holanska and ,hugo ,darnaut4 ,since #ahhf her landscapes have been seen in various ,austrian exhibitions4 ,one of these was bought for the ,franzens-,museum at ,brnn1 while several others were acquired by the ,imperial ,house of ,austria4 b,,jenks1 ,,phoebe ,a4 ,,pickering4_/b ,born in ,portsmouth1 ,new ,hampshire1 #ahdi4 ,mrs4 ,jenks writes that she has had no teachers4 ,her works1 being portraits1 are mostly in the homes of their owners1 but that of the son of ,t4 ,jefferson ,coolidge1 ,jr41 has been exhibited in the ,museum of ,fine ,arts1 ,boston1 and that of ,mrs4 ,william ,slater and her son is in the ,slater ,museum at ,norwich4 ,illustration3 ,,mother ,,and ,,child ,,phoebe ,,jenks ,mrs4 ,jenks has been constantly busy in portrait painting for twenty-seven years1 and has had no time for clubs and societies4 ,she esteems the fact of her constant commissions the greatest honor that she could have4 ,she has probably painted a greater number of portraits than any other ,boston contemporary artist4 b,,jerichau-,,baumann1 ,,elizabeth4_/b #ahai-ahha4 ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahfa4 ,member of the ,academy of ,copenhagen4 ,born in ,warsaw4 ,pupil of ,karl ,sohne and ,stilke1 in ,dsseldorf4 ,in ,rome she married the ,danish sculptor ,jerichau and afterward lived in ,copenhagen4 ,she travelled in ,england1 ,france1 ,russia1 ,greece1 ,turkey1 and ,egypt4 ,her picture of a ,polish ,woman and ,children ,leaving ,their ,home1 which had been ,destroyed1 is in the ,raczynski ,collection1 ,berlin2 ,polish ,peasants ,returning to the ,ruins of a ,burnt ,house1 in the ,lansdowne ,collection1 ,london2 ,a ,wounded ,soldier ,nursed by ,his ,betrothed1 in the ,gallery at ,copenhagen1 where is also her portrait of her husband2 ,an ,icelandic ,maiden1 in the ,kunsthalle1 ,hamburg4 ,her picture1 ,reading the ,bible1 was painted for ,napoleon ,,iii4 at his request4 ,mme4 ,jerichau painted a portrait of the present ,queen of ,england1 in her wedding dress4 ,a large number of her works are in private houses in ,copenhagen4 ,one of her most important pictures was a life-size representation of ,christian ,martyrs in the ,catacombs4 ,this picture was much talked of in ,rome1 where it was painted1 and the ,pope desired to see it4 ,madame ,jerichau took the picture to the ,vatican4 ,on seeing it the ,pope expressed surprise that one who was not of his ,church could paint this picture4 ,mme4 ,jerichau1 hearing this1 replied3 ,your ,holiness1 ,i am a ,christian4 ,hans ,christian ,andersen was an intimate friend in the ,jerichau family4 ,he attended the wedding in ,rome1 and wrote the biographies of ,professor and ,mme4 ,jerichau4 ,thophile ,gautier once said that but three women in ,europe merited the name of artists--,rosa ,bonheur1 ,henrietta ,brown1 and ,elizabeth ,jerichau2 and ,cornelius called her the one woman in the ,dsseldorf ,school1 because of her virile manner of painting4 ,among her important portraits are those of ,frederick ,,vii4 of ,denmark1 the brothers ,grimm1 and ,hans ,christian ,andersen ,reading ,his ,fairy ,tales to a ,child4 ,mme4 ,jerichau was also an author4 ,in #ahgd she published her ,memories of ,youth1 and later1 with her son1 the illustrated ,pictures of ,travel4 b,,jopling-,,rowe1 ,,louise4_/b ,member of ,royal ,society of ,british ,artists1 ,society of ,portrait ,painters1 ,pastel ,society1 ,society of ,women ,artists4 ,born at ,manchester1 #ahdc4 ,pupil of ,chaplin in ,paris2 also studied with ,alfred ,stevens4 ,since #ahga ,mrs4 ,jopling has been a constant exhibitor at the ,royal ,academy and other ,london exhibitions1 and frequently also at the ,paris ,salon4 ,illustration3 ,,miss ,,ellen ,,terry ,,as ,,portia ,,louise ,,jopling ,,rowe ,her pictures are principally portraits and genre subjects4 ,her first decided success was gained in #ahgd1 when she exhibited at the ,academy the ,japanese ,tea ,party1 and from that time she was recognized as an accomplished artist and received as many commissions as she could execute4 ,the ,baroness de ,rothschild had been convinced of ,mrs4 ,jopling's talent before she became an artist1 and had given her great encouragement in the beginning of her career4 ,the portrait of ,lord ,rothschild1 painted for ,lord ,beaconsfield1 is thought to be her best work of this kind1 but its owner would not allow it to be exhibited4 ,her portrait of ,ellen ,terry1 which hangs in the ,lyceum ,theatre1 was at the ,academy in #ahhc4 ,it is in the costume of ,portia4 ,mrs4 ,jopling's pastels are of an unusual quality1 delicate1 strong1 and brilliant4 ,her portraits are numerous1 and from time to time she has also executed figure subjects4 ,of late years ,mrs4 ,jopling has been much occupied with a ,school of ,painting4 ,the large number of pupils who wished to study with her made a school the best means of teaching them1 and has been successful4 ,from the beginning they draw from life1 and at the same time they also study from the antique4 ,many of her pupils receive good prices for their works1 and also earn large sums for their portraits in black and white4 ,mrs4 ,jopling writes3 ,what ,i know ,i chiefly learned alone4 ,hard work and the genius that comes from infinite pains1 the eye to see nature1 the heart to feel nature1 and the courage to follow nature--these are the best qualifications for the artist who would succeed4 ,in the ,art ,journal1 ,july1 #ahgd1 ,i read3 ',the ,five-o',clock ,tea' is the largest and most important design we have seen from ,mrs4 ,jopling's hand1 and in the disposition of the various figures and the management of color it certainly exhibits very remarkable technical gifts4 ,especially do we notice in this lady's work a correct understanding of the laws of tone1 very rare to find in the works of ,english painters1 giving the artist power to bring different tints1 even if they are not harmonious1 into right relations with one another4 ,the above-named picture was sold to the ,messrs4 ,agnew1 and was followed by ,the ,modern ,cinderella1 which was seen at the ,paris ,exposition in #ahgh2 at the ,philadelphia ,exposition in #ahgf she exhibited ,five ,sisters of ,york4 ,mrs4 ,jopling is also known as the founder and president of the ,society of the ,immortals4 ,she has written several short tales1 some poems1 and a book called ,hints to ,amateurs4 ,at the ,royal ,academy1 #aijc1 she exhibited ,hark6 ,hark6 the ,lark at ,heaven's ,gate ,sings1 which is a picture of a poor girl beside a table1 on which she has thrown her work1 and leaning back in her chair1 with hands clasped behind her head1 is lost in thought4 b,,joris1 ,,signorina ,,agnese_/b--pseudonym1 ,altissimi4 ,was accorded the title of professor at the ,institute of the ,fine ,arts1 ,rome1 #ahha4 ,she was successful in a competition for a position in the ,scuole ,tecniche1 ,rome1 #ahhh4 ,honorable mention1 ,florence1 #ahij2 same at ,palermo1 #ahia and #ahib2 silver medal of first class and diploma of silver medal1 ,rome1 #ahii and #aijj4 ,member of the ,societ ,cooperativa1 ,rome4 ,born in the same city1 and pupil of the ,institute of ,fine ,arts and of her brother1 ,cavaliere ,professore ,pio ,joris4 ,this artist writes that a list of her works would be too long and require too much time to write it4 ,they are in oils1 pastel1 and water-colors1 with various applications of these to tapestries1 etc4 ,she also gives lessons in these different methods of painting4 ,in a private collection in ,new ,york is her ,spanish ,scene in the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,she painted a portrait of the late ,king ,humbert1 arranged in the form of a triptych surrounded by a wreath of flowers1 painted from some which had lain on the ,king's bier4 ,she sent this picture to ,queen ,margharita1 who not only graciously accepted it1 but sent the artist a beautiful letter and a magnificent jewel on which was the ,royal ,cipher4 b,,kaerling1 ,,henriette4_/b ,born about #ahcb4 ,daughter of the artist1 ,j4 ,t4 ,kaerling1 who was her principal teacher4 ,she practised her art as a painter of portraits1 genre subjects1 and still-life in ,budapest during some years before her marriage to the pianist ,pacher1 with whom she went to ,vienna4 ,she there copied some of the works of the great painters in the ,gallery1 besides doing original work of acknowledged excellence4 ,in addition to her excellent portraits1 she painted in #ahea ,the ,grandmother2 in #aheb1 ,a ,garland with ,religious ,emblems2 in #ahee1 ,a ,crucifix ,wound with ,flowers4 b,,kalckreuth1 ,,countess ,,maria4_/b ,medal at ,chicago ,exposition1 #ahic4 ,member of the ,society of ,women ,artists in ,berlin4 ,born at ,dsseldorf4 #aheg-ahig4 ,much of her artistic life was passed in ,munich4 ,her picture at ,chicago was later exhibited at ,berlin and was purchased for the ,protestant ,chapel at ,dachau4 ,it represented ,christ ,raising a ,repentant ,sinner--a strong work1 broadly painted4 ,among her important pictures are ,in the ,sunshine1 ,fainthearted1 ,discontented1 and several portraits1 all of which show the various aspects of her artistic talent4 b,,kauffman1 ,,angelica4_/b ,an original member of the ,london ,academy4 ,she was essentially an ,italian artist1 since from the age of eleven she lived in ,italy and there studied her art4 ,such different estimates have been made of her works that one may quote a good authority in either praise or blame of her artistic genius and attainment4 ,kugler1 a learned1 unimpassioned critic1 says3 ,an easy talent for composition1 though of no depth2 a feeling for pretty forms1 though they were often monotonous and empty1 and for graceful movement2 a coloring blooming and often warm1 though occasionally crude2 a superficial but agreeable execution1 and especially a vapid sentimentality in harmony with the fashion of the time--all these causes sufficiently account for her popularity4 ,illustration3 ,alinari1 ,photo4 ,in the ,uffizi1 ,florence ,,portrait ,,of ,,angelica ,,kauffman ,,painted ,,by ,,herself ,raphael ,mengs1 himself an artist1 thus esteems her3 ,as an artist she is the pride of the female sex in all times and all nations4 ,nothing is wanting--composition1 coloring1 fancy--all are here4 ,miss ,kate ,thompson writes3 ,her works showed no originality nor any great power of execution1 and1 while sometimes graceful1 were generally weak and insipid4 ,for myself ,i do not find her worthy of superlative praise or condemnation2 one cannot deny her grace in design1 which was also creditably correct2 her poetical subjects were pleasing in arrangement2 her historical subjects lacked strength and variety in expression2 her color was as harmonious and mellow as that of the best ,italian colorists1 always excepting a small number of the greatest masters1 and in all her pictures there is a something--it must have been the individuality of the artist--that leads one to entertain a certain fondness for her1 even while her shortcomings are fully recognized4 ,the story of ,angelica ,kauffman's life is of unusual interest4 ,she was born at ,coire1 in the ,grisons4 #agdb-ahjg4 ,her father1 an artist1 had gone from ,schwarzenburg to ,coire to execute some frescoes in a church1 and had married there4 ,when ,angelica was a year old the family settled in ,morbegno1 in ,lombardy4 ,ten years later1 when the child had already shown her predilection for painting and music1 a new home was made for her in ,como1 where there were better advantages for her instruction4 ,her progress in music was phenomenal1 and for a time she loved her two arts--one as well as the other--and could make no choice between them4 ,in one of her pictures she represented herself as a child1 standing between allegorical figures of ,music and ,painting4 ,the exquisite scenery about ,como1 the stately palaces1 charming villas1 the lake with its fairy-like pleasure boats1 and the romantic life which there surrounded this girl of so impressionable a nature1 rapidly developed the poetic element born with her1 which later found expression through her varied talents4 ,during her long life the recollections of the two years she passed at ,como were among the most precious memories associated with her wandering girlhood4 ,from ,como she was taken to ,milan1 where she had still better advantages for study1 and a world of art was opened to her which far exceeded her most ardent imaginings4 ,leonardo had lived and taught in ,milan1 and his influence with that of other ,lombard masters stirred ,angelica to her very soul4 ,her pictures soon attracted the attention of ,robert d',este1 who became her patron and placed her in the care of the ,duchess of ,carrara4 ,this early association with a circle of cultured and elegant men and women was doubtless the origin of the self-possession and modest dignity which characterized ,angelica ,kauffman through life and enabled her becomingly to accept the honors that were showered upon her4 ,her happy life at ,milan ended all too soon4 ,her mother died1 and her father decided to return to his native ,schwarzenburg to execute some extensive decorative works in that vicinity4 ,in the interior decoration of a church ,angelica painted in fresco the figures of the twelve apostles after engravings from the works of ,piazetta4 ,the coarse1 homely life of ,schwarzenburg was in extreme contrast to that of ,milan and was most uncongenial to a sensitive nature2 but ,angelica was saved from melancholy by the companionship she felt in the grand pine forests1 which soothed her discontent1 while her work left her little time to pine for the happiness she had left or even to mourn the terrible loss of her mother4 ,her father's restlessness returned1 and they were again in ,milan for a short time1 and then in ,florence4 ,here she studied assiduously awhile1 but again her father's discontent drove him on1 and they went to ,rome4 ,angelica was now eighteen years old1 and in a measure was prepared to profit by the aid and advice of ,winckelmann4 ,he conceived an ardent friendship for the young artist1 and1 though no longer young1 and engaged in most important and absorbing research1 he found time to interest himself in ,angelica's welfare1 and allowed her to paint his portrait1 to which she gave an expression which proved that she had comprehended the spirit of this remarkable man of threescore years4 ,while at ,rome ,angelica received a commission to copy some pictures in ,naples4 ,after completing these she returned to ,rome1 in #agfd1 and continued her studies for a time1 but her interests were again sacrificed to her father's unreasonable capriciousness1 and she was taken to ,bologna and then to ,venice4 ,this constant change was disheartening to ,angelica and of the greatest disadvantage to her study1 and it was most fortunate that she now met ,lady ,wentworth1 who became her friend and afterward took her to ,england4 ,angelica had already executed commissions for ,english families of rank whom she had met in various cities of ,italy1 and her friends hoped that she would be able to earn more money in ,england than in ,italy1 where there were numberless artists and copyists4 ,after visiting ,paris she went to ,london1 where a brilliant career awaited her1 not only as an artist1 but in the social world as well4 ,de ,rossi thus describes her at this time3 ,she was not very tall1 but slight1 and her figure was well proportioned4 ,she had a dark1 clear complexion1 a gracious mouth1 white and equal teeth1 and well-marked features2444 above all1 her azure eyes1 so placid and so bright1 charmed you with an expression it is impossible to write2 unless you had known her you could not understand how eloquent were her looks4 ,her ,english friends belonged to the most cultivated circles1 many of them being also of high rank4 ,artists united to do her honor--showing no professional envy and making no opposition to her election to the ,academy4 ,many interesting incidents in her association with ,london artists are related1 and it is said that both ,fuseli and ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds were unsuccessful suitors for her hand4 ,miss ,thackeray1 in her novel1 ,miss ,angel1 makes ,angelica an attractive heroine4 ,the royal family were much interested in her1 and the mother of the ,king visited her--an honor never before accorded to an artist--and the ,princess of ,brunswick gave her commissions for several pictures4 ,de ,rossi says that her letters at this time were those of a person at the summit of joy and tranquillity4 ,she was able to save money and looked hopefully forward to a time when she could make a home for her unthrifty father4 ,but this happy prosperity was suddenly cut short by her own imprudence4 ,after refusing many eligible offers of marriage1 she was secretly married to an adventurer who personated the ,count de ,horn1 and succeeded by plausible falsehoods in convincing her that it was necessary1 for good reasons1 to conceal their marriage4 ,one day when painting a portrait of ,queen ,charlotte1 who was very friendly to the artist1 ,angelica was moved to confide the secret of her marriage to the ,queen4 ,until this time no one save her father had known of it4 ,her ,majesty1 who loved ,angelica1 expressed her surprise and interest and desired that ,count de ,horn should appear at ,court4 ,by this means the deceit which had been practised was discovered1 and the ,queen1 as gently as possible1 told ,angelica the truth4 ,at first she felt that though her husband was not the ,count de ,horn and had grossly deceived her1 he was the man she had married and the vows she had made were binding4 ,but it was soon discovered that the villain had a living wife when he made his pretended marriage with ,angelica1 who was thus released from any consideration for him4 ,this was a time to prove the sincerity of friends1 and ,angelica was comforted by the steadfastness of those who had devoted themselves to her in her happier days4 ,sir ,joshua ,reynolds was untiring in his friendly offices for her and for her helpless old father4 ,there were as many differing opinions in regard to ,angelica ,kauffman1 the woman1 as in regard to the quality of her art4 ,some of her biographers believed her to be perfectly sincere and uninfluenced by flattery4 ,nollekens takes another view2 he calls her a coquette1 and1 among other stories1 relates that when in ,rome1 one evening she took her station in one of the most conspicuous boxes in the theatre1 accompanied by two artists1 both of whom1 as well as many others1 were desperately enamoured of her4 ,she had her place between her two adorers1 and while her arms were folded before her in front of the box1 over which she leaned1 she managed to clasp a hand of both1 so that each imagined himself the cavalier of her choice4 ,when ,angelica could rise above the unhappiness and mortification of her infatuation for the so-called ,de ,horn1 she devoted herself to her art1 and during twelve years supported her father and herself and strengthened the friendships she had gained in her adopted land4 ,at length1 in #agha1 her father's failing health demanded their return to ,italy2 and now1 when forty years old1 she married ,antonio ,zucchi1 an artist who had long loved her and devoted himself to her and to her father with untiring affection4 ,the old ,kauffman lived to visit his home in ,schwarzenburg and to reach ,southern ,italy1 but died soon after4 ,signor ,zucchi made his home in ,rome4 ,he was a member of the ,royal ,academy1 ,london1 and was in full sympathy with his wife in intellectual and artistic pursuits and pleasures4 ,de ,rossi says3 ,it was interesting to see ,angelica and her husband before a picture4 ,while ,zucchi spoke with enthusiasm ,angelica remained silent1 fixing her eloquent glance on the finest portions of the work4 ,in her countenance one could read her emotions1 while her observations were limited to a few brief words4 ,these1 however1 seldom expressed any blame--only the praises of that which was worthy of praise4 ,it belonged to her nature to recognize the beauty alone--as the bee draws honey only out of every flower4 ,her home in ,rome was a centre of attraction to the artistic and literary society of the city1 and few persons of note passed any time there without being presented to her4 ,goethe and ,herder were her friends1 and the former wrote3 ,the good ,angelica has a most remarkable1 and for a woman really unheard-of1 talent2 one must see and value what she does and not what she leaves undone4 ,there is much to learn from her1 particularly as to work1 for what she effects is really marvellous4 ,in his work called ,winckelmann and ,his ,century1 ,goethe again said of her3 ,the light and pleasing in form and color1 in design and execution1 distinguish the numerous works of our artist4 ,no living painter excels her in dignity or in the delicate taste with which she handles the pencil4 ,in the midst of the social demands on her time in ,rome1 she continued to devote herself to her art1 and ,signor ,zucchi1 hoping to beguile her into idleness1 purchased a charming villa at ,castel ,gondolfo2 but in spite of its attractions she was never content to be long away from ,rome and her studio4 ,thus in her maturer years her life flowed on in a full stream of prosperity until1 in #agie1 ,signor ,zucchi died4 ,angelica survived him twelve years--years of deep sadness4 ,not only was her personal sorrow heavy to bear1 but the ,french invasion of her beloved ,italy disquieted her4 ,hoping to regain her usual spirits1 she revisited the scenes of her youth and remained some time in ,venice with the family of ,signor ,zucchi4 ,returning to ,rome she resumed her accustomed work1 so far as her health permitted4 ,she held fast to the ,german spirit through all the changes in her life1 with the same determination which made it possible1 in her strenuous labors1 to retain her gentle womanliness4 ,just before she died she desired to hear one of ,gellert's spiritual odes4 ,she was buried in ,sant' ,andrea dei ,frati1 beside her husband4 ,all the members of the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke attended her obsequies1 and her latest pictures were borne in the funeral procession4 ,her bust was placed in the ,pantheon1 and every proper tribute and honor were paid to her memory in ,rome1 where she was sincerely mourned4 ,although ,angelica lived and worked so long in ,london and was one of the thirty-six original members of the ,royal ,academy1 ,i do not think her best pictures are in the public galleries there4 ,of course many of the portraits painted in ,london are in private collections4 ,her pictures are seen in all the important galleries of ,europe4 ,her etchings1 executed with grace and spirit1 are much esteemed and sell for large prices4 ,engravings after her works by ,bartolozzi are most attractive2 numerous as they were1 good prints of them are now rare and costly4 ,she painted several portraits of herself2 one is in the ,national ,portrait ,gallery1 ,london1 one at ,munich1 and a third in the ,uffizi1 ,florence4 ,the last is near that of ,madame ,le ,brun1 and the contrast between the two is striking4 ,angelica is still young1 but the expression of her face is so grave as to be almost melancholy2 she is sitting on a stone in the midst of a lonely landscape2 she has a portfolio in one hand and a pencil in the other1 and so unstudied is her pose1 and so lacking in any attempt to look her best1 that one feels that she is entirely absorbed in her work4 ,the ,frenchwoman could not forget to be interesting2 ,angelica was interesting with no thought of being so4 ,i regard three works by this artist1 which are in the ,dresden ,gallery1 as excellent examples of her work2 they are ,a ,young ,vestal1 ,a ,young ,sibyl1 and ,ariadne ,abandoned by ,theseus4 ,on the margin of one of her pictures she wrote3 ,i will not attempt to express supernatural things by human inspiration1 but wait for that till ,i reach heaven1 if there is painting done there4 ,in #aghd ,angelica ,kauffman painted ,servius ,tullius as a ,child for the ,czar of ,russia2 in #aghf ,hermann and ,thusnelda and ,the ,funeral of ,pallas for ,joseph ,,ii4 ,these are now in the ,vienna ,gallery4 ,three pictures1 ,virgil ,reading the ,aeneid to the ,empress ,octavia1 ,augustus ,reading ,verses on the ,death of ,marcellus1 and ,achilles ,discovered by ,ulysses1 in ,female ,attire1 were painted for ,catherine ,,ii4 of ,russia4 ,religion ,surrounded by ,virtues1 #agih1 is in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london4 ,a ,madonna and a ,scene from the ,songs of ,ossian are in the ,aschaffenburg ,gallery4 ,a ,madonna in ,glory and the ,women of ,samaria1 #agii1 are in the ,new ,pinakothek1 ,munich1 where is also the portrait of ,louis ,i4 of ,bavaria1 as ,crown ,prince1 #ahje4 ,the ,farewell of ,abelard and ,heloise1 together with other works of this artist1 are in the ,hermitage1 ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,a ,holy ,family1 and others1 in the ,museo ,civico1 ,venice4 ,prudence ,warning ,virtue against ,folly1 in the ,pennsylvania ,academy1 ,philadelphia4 ,portraits of ,winckelmann in the ,stdel ,institute1 ,frankfort1 and in the ,zrich ,gallery4 ,portrait of a ,lady1 ,stuttgart ,museum2 the ,duchess of ,brunswick1 ,hampton ,court ,palace2 the architect ,novosielski1 ,national ,gallery1 ,edinburgh4 ,in addition to the portraits of herself mentioned above1 there are others in ,berlin ,museum1 the ,old ,pinakothek1 ,munich1 the ,ferdinandeum1 ,innsbruck1 and in the ,philadelphia ,academy4 b,,kaula1 ,,mrs4 ,,lee ,,lufkin4_/b ,member of the ,woman's ,art ,club1 ,new ,york4 ,born in ,erie1 ,pennsylvania4 ,pupil in ,new ,york of ,charles ,melville ,dewey and the ,metropolitan ,art ,schools2 in ,paris1 during three years1 pupil of ,girardot1 ,courtois1 the ,colarossi ,academy1 and of ,aman-,jean4 ,mrs4 ,kaula is essentially a portrait painter1 although she occasionally paints figure subjects4 ,her portraits are in private hands in various cities1 and her works have been exhibited in ,paris1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,chicago1 ,boston1 etc4 ,she paints in both oil and water-colors4 b,,kayser1 ,,ebba4_/b ,medals in ,vienna1 ,dresden1 and ,cologne for landscapes and flower pieces4 ,born in ,stockholm1 #ahdf4 ,when twenty years old she went to ,vienna1 where she studied under ,rieser1 ,geyling1 and ,karl ,hannold4 ,she did not exhibit her works until #ahha1 since when she has been favorably known1 especially in ,austria4 ,a water-color of a ,mill near ,ischl and several other pictures by this artist have been purchased for the ,imperial ,collections4 b,,keith1 ,,dora ,,wheeler4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,kemp-,,welch1 ,,lucy ,,elizabeth4_/b ,fellow and ,associate of ,herkomer ,school1 and member of the ,royal ,society of ,british ,artists4 ,born at ,bournemouth1 #ahfi4 ,has exhibited annually at the ,royal ,academy since #ahid4 ,in #ahig her picture of ,colt ,hunting in the ,new ,forest was purchased by the trustees of the ,chantrey ,bequest2 in #aijj that of ,horses ,bathing in the ,sea was bought for the ,national ,gallery at ,victoria4 ,in #aija she exhibited ,lord ,dundonald's ,dash on ,lady-smith4 ,in ,july1 #aijc1 in his article on the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition1 the editor of the ,magazine of ,art1 in enumerating good pictures1 mentions3 ,miss ,lucy ,kemp-,welch's well-studied ',village ,street' at dusk1 and her clever ',incoming ,tide1' with its waves and rocks and its dipping1 wheeling sea gulls4 ,mr4 ,frederick ,wetmore1 in writing of the ,spring ,exhibition of the ,royal ,painter ,etchers1 says3 ,miss ,kemp-,welch1 whose best work1 so delicate that it could only lose by the reduction of a process block1 shows the ordinary ,english country1 the sign-post of the crossways1 and the sheep along the lane4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,kendell1 ,,marie ,,von4_/b ,born in ,lannicken1 #ahch4 ,pupil of ,pape1 ,otto von ,kameke1 and ,dressier4 ,she travelled in ,england1 ,italy1 and ,switzerland1 and many of her works represent scenes in these countries4 ,in #ahhb she painted the ,cadinen ,peaks near ,schluderbach1 in the ,ampezzo ,valley4 ,at the exhibition of the ,women ,artists in ,berlin1 #ahib1 she exhibited two mountain landscapes and a view of ,clovelly in ,devonshire4 ,the last was purchased by the ,emperor4 ,to the same exhibition in #ahid she contributed two ,swiss landscapes1 which were well considered4 b,,kielland1 ,,kitty4_/b ,sister of the famous ,norwegian novelist1 ,alexander ,kielland4 ,her pictures of the forests and fjords of ,norway are the best of her works and painted con amore4 ,recently she exhibited a portrait which was much praised and said to be so fresh and life-like in treatment1 so flexible and vivacious in color1 that one is involuntarily attracted by it1 without any knowledge of the original4 b,,killegrew1 ,,anne4_/b ,was a daughter of ,dr4 ,henry ,killegrew1 a prebendary of ,westminster ,cathedral4 ,anne was born in #affj1 and when still quite young was maid of honor to the ,duchess of ,york1 whose portrait she painted as well as that of the future ,king ,james ,,ii4 ,she also painted historical subjects and still-life4 ,one of her admirers wrote of her as ,a grace for beauty and a muse for wit4 ,a biographer records her death from smallpox when twenty-five years old1 to the unspeakable reluctancy of her relatives4 ,she was buried in the ,savoy ,chapel1 now a ,royal ,peculiar1 and a mural tablet set forth her beauty1 accomplishments1 graces1 and piety in a ,latin inscription4 ,anne ,killigrew was notable for her poetry as well as for her painting4 ,dryden wrote an ode in her memory which ,dr4 ,johnson called the noblest our language has produced4 ,it begins3 ,thou youngest virgin daughter of the skies4 ,after praising her poetry ,dryden wrote3 ,her pencil drew whate'er her soul designed1 ,and oft the happy draught surpassed the image of her mind4 ,of her portrait of ,james ,,ii4 he says3 ,for1 not content to express his outward part1 ,her hand called out the image of his heart2 ,his warlike mind--his soul devoid of fear-- ,his high designing thoughts were figured there4 ,having repeated these panegyrics1 it is but just to add that two opinions existed concerning the merit of ,mistress ,killigrew's art and of ,dryden's ode1 which another critic called a harmonious hyperbole1 composed of the ,fall of ,adam--,arethusa--,vestal ,virgins--,dian--,cupid--,noah's ,ark--the ,pleiades--the fall of ,jehoshaphat--and the last ,assizes4 ,anthony ,wood1 however1 says3 ,there is nothing spoken of her which she was not equal to1 if not superior1 and if there had not been more true history in her praises than compliment1 her father never would have suffered them to pass the press4 b,,kindt1 ,,adele4_/b ,this painter of history and of genre subjects won her first prize at ,ghent when less than twenty-two1 and received medals at ,douai1 ,cambrai1 ,ghent1 and ,brussels before she was thirty-two4 ,was made a member of the ,brussels1 ,ghent1 and ,lisbon ,academies4 ,born in ,brussels1 #ahje4 ,pupil of ,sophie ,frmiet and of ,navez4 ,her picture of the ,last ,moments of ,egmont is in the ,ghent ,museum2 among her other historical pictures are ,melancthon ,predicting ,prince ,willem's ,future and ,elizabeth ,sentencing ,mary ,stuart1 which is in the ,hague ,museum4 ,the ,obstinate ,scholar and ,happier than a ,king are two of her best genre pictures4 b,,king1 ,,jessie ,m4_/b ,a most successful illustrator and designer of book-covers1 who was educated as an artist in the ,glasgow ,school of ,decorative ,art4 ,in this school and at that of ,south ,kensington she was considered a failure1 by reason of her utterly unacademic manner4 ,she did not see things by rule and she persistently represented them as she saw them4 ,her love of nature is intense1 and when she illustrated the ,jungle ,book she could more easily imagine that the animals could speak a language that ,mowgli could understand1 than an academic artist could bring himself to fancy for a moment4 ,her work is full of poetic imagination1 of symbolism1 and of the spirit of her subject4 ,walter ,p4 ,watson1 in a comprehensive critique of her work1 says3 ,her imaginations are more perfect and more minutely organized than what is seen by the bodily eye1 and she does not permit the outward creation to be a hindrance to the expression of her artistic creed4 ,the force of representation plants her imagined figures before her2 she treats them as real1 and talks to them as if they were bodily there2 puts words in their mouths such as they should have spoken1 and is affected by them as by persons4 ,such creation is poetry in the literal sense of the term1 and ,miss ,king's dreamy and poetical nature enables her to create the persons of the drama1 to invest them with appropriate figures1 faces1 costumes1 and surroundings2 to make them speak after their own characters4 ,her important works are in part the illustrations of ,the ,little ,princess1 ,the ,magic ,grammar1 ,la ,belle ,dame sans ,merci1 ,l',evangile de l',enfance1 ,the ,romance of the ,swan's ,nest1 etc4 ,she also makes exquisite designs for book-covers1 which have the spirit of the book for which they are made so clearly indicated that they add to the meaning as well as to the beauty of the book4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,kirchsberg1 ,,ernestine ,,von4_/b ,medal at ,chicago ,exposition1 #ahic4 ,born in ,verona1 #aheg4 ,pupil of ,schffer and ,darnaut4 ,this artist has exhibited in ,vienna since #ahha1 and some of her works have been purchased for the royal collection4 ,her landscapes1 both in oil and water-colors1 have established her reputation as an excellent artist1 and she gains the same happy effects in both mediums4 ,her picture shown at ,chicago was ,a ,peasant ,home in ,southern ,austria4 b,,kirschner1 ,,marie4_/b ,born at ,prague1 #aheb4 ,pupil of ,adolf ,lier in ,munich1 and ,jules ,dupr and ,alfred ,stevens in ,paris4 ,in #ahhc she travelled in ,italy1 and has had her studio in ,berlin and in ,prague4 ,the ,rudolfinum at ,prague contains her ,village ,tulleschitz in ,bohemia4 ,she is also1 known by many flower pieces and by the ,storm on the ,downs of ,heyst1 ,spring ,morning1 and a ,scene on the ,moldau4 b,,kitson1 ,,mrs4 ,h4 ,h4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi2 and the same at ,paris ,salon1 #ahij2 two medals from ,massachusetts ,charitable ,association2 and has exhibited in all the principal exhibitions of the ,united ,states4 ,born in ,brookline4 ,pupil of her husband1 ,henry ,h4 ,kitson1 and of ,dagnan-,bouveret in ,paris4 ,the women of ,michigan commissioned ,mrs4 ,kitson to make two bronze statues representing the woods of their ,state for the ,columbian ,exhibition at ,chicago4 ,her principal works are the statue of a volunteer for the ,soldiers' ,monument at ,newburyport2 ,soldiers' ,monument at ,ashburnham2 ,massachusetts ,state ,monument to #bith1 #ceth1 and #cfth ,massachusetts ,volunteer ,infantry at ,national ,military ,park at ,vicksburg2 also medallion portraits of ,generals ,dodge1 ,ransom1 ,logan1 ,blair1 ,howard1 ,a4 ,j4 ,smith1 ,grierson1 and ,mc,pherson1 for the ,sherman ,monument at ,washington4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,klumpke1 ,,anna ,,elizabeth4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahhe2 silver medal1 ,versailles1 #ahhf2 grand prize1 ,julian ,academy1 #ahhi2 ,temple gold medal1 ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 #ahhi2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi4 ,member of the ,copley ,society1 ,boston2 of the ,society of ,baron ,taylor1 ,paris2 and of the ,paris ,astronomical ,society4 ,born in ,san ,francisco4 ,pupil of the ,julian ,academy1 under ,robert-,fleury1 and ,jules ,lefebvre1 where she received1 in #ahhh1 the prize of the silver medal and one hundred francs--the highest award given at the annual ,portrait ,concours1 between the men and women students of the above ,academy4 ,illustration3 ,,portrait ,,of ,,rosa ,,bonheur ,,anna ,e4 ,,klumpke ,among ,miss ,klumpke's principal works are3 ,in the ,wash-house1 owned by the ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts2 portrait of ,mrs4 ,nancy ,foster1 at the ,chicago ,university2 ,maternal ,instruction1 in the collection of ,mr4 ,randolph ,jefferson ,coolidge1 ,boston2 many portraits1 among which are those of ,madame ,klumpke1 ,rosa ,bonheur1 ,mrs4 ,thorp1 ,mrs4 ,sargent1 ,count ,kergaradec1 etc4 ,in writing me of her own life-work and that of her family1 she says1 what we may well believe3 ,longfellow's thought1 ',your purpose in life must be to accomplish well your task1' has been our motto from childhood4 ,anna ,klumpke1 being the eldest of the four daughters of her mother1 had a double duty3 her own studies and profession and the loving aid and care of her sisters4 ,in the beginning of her art studies it was only when her home duties were discharged that she could hasten to the ,luxembourg1 where1 curiously enough1 her time was devoted to copying ,le ,labourage ,nivernais1 by ,rosa ,bonheur1 whose beloved and devoted friend she later became4 ,meantime ,anna ,klumpke had visited ,boston and other cities of her native land1 and made a success1 not only as an artist1 but as a woman1 whose intelligence1 cheerfulness1 and broad interests in life made her a delightful companion4 ,sailing from ,antwerp one autumn1 ,i was told by a friend that a lady on board had a letter of introduction to me from ,madame ,bouguereau4 ,it proved to be ,miss ,klumpke1 and the acquaintance thus begun1 as time went on1 disclosed to me a remarkable character1 founded on a remarkable experience1 and it was no surprise to me that the great and good ,rosa ,bonheur found in ,anna ,klumpke a sympathetic and reliable friend and companion for her last days4 ,the history of this friendship and its results are too well known to require more than a passing mention4 ,miss ,klumpke is now established in ,paris1 and writes me that1 in addition to her painting1 she is writing of ,rosa ,bonheur4 ,she says3 ,this biography consists of reminiscences of ,rosa ,bonheur's life1 her impressions of ,nature1 ,god1 and ,art1 with perhaps a short sketch of how ,i became acquainted with the illustrious woman whose precious maternal tenderness will remain forever the most glorious event of my life4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc1 ,miss ,klumpke exhibited a picture called ,maternal ,affection4 b,,knobloch1 ,,gertrude4_/b ,born at ,breslau1 #ahfg4 ,pupil of ,skirbina in ,berlin4 ,her studio is in ,brussels4 ,she paints in oil and water-colors4 ,among her best pictures are ,in the ,children's ,shoes1 ,the ,forester's ,leisure ,hours1 and a ,madonna with the ,christ ,child4 ,two of her works in gouache are worthy of mention3 ,an ,effeminate and ,children ,returning from ,school4 b,,kollock1 ,,mary4_/b ,born at ,norfolk1 ,virginia1 #ahdj4 ,studied at the ,pennsylvania ,academy under ,robert ,wylie1 and in ,new ,york under ,j4 ,b4 ,bristol and ,a4 ,h4 ,wynant4 ,her landscapes have been exhibited at the ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york4 ,several of these were scenes about ,lake ,george and the ,adirondack regions4 ,morning in the ,mountains and ,on the ,road to ,mt4 ,marcy were exhibited in #ahgg2 ,a ,november ,day and an ,evening ,walk1 in #ahgh2 ,a ,house in ,east ,hampton1 ,two ,hundred and ,twenty ,years ,old1 in #ahhj2 ,on ,rondout ,creek1 in #ahha2 and ,the ,brook1 in #ahhb4 b,,koker1 ,,anna ,,maria ,,de4_/b ,a ,dutch etcher and engraver of the seventeenth century1 who pursued her art from pure love of it1 never trying to make her works popular or to sell them4 ,a few of her landscapes fell into the hands of collectors and are much valued for their rarity and excellence4 ,three examples are the ,landscape with a ,view of a ,village1 ,the ,square ,tower1 and ,huts by the ,water4 b,,komlosi1 ,,irma4_/b ,born in ,prague1 #ahej4 ,pupil of ,friederich ,sturm4 ,this flower painter resides in ,vienna1 where her pictures are much appreciated and are seen in good collections4 ,they have been purchased for the ,art ,associations of ,brnn1 ,prague1 and ,budapest4 b,,kondelka1 ,,baroness ,,pauline ,,von_/b--,frau von ,schmerling4 ,born at ,vienna4 #ahjf-ahdj4 ,she inherited from her father a strong inclination for art1 and was placed by him under the instruction of ,franz ,potter4 ,in the ,royal ,gallery1 ,vienna1 is her picture called ,silence1 #ahcd4 ,it represents the ,virgin with her finger on her lip to warn against disturbing the sleep of the ,infant ,jesus4 ,the picture is surrounded by a beautiful arrangement of flowers4 ,in #ahcf she painted a charming picture called ,a ,bunch of ,flowers4 ,her favorite subjects were floral1 and her works of this sort are much admired4 b,,konek1 ,,ida4_/b ,born at ,budapest1 #ahef4 ,her early art studies were under ,g4 ,vastagh1 ,c4 von ,telepy1 ,w4 ,lindenschmit1 and ,munkcsy2 later she was a pupil at the ,julian ,academy in ,paris and the ,scuola libera in ,florence4 ,in the ,parish ,church at ,kblkut are three of her pictures of sacred subjects1 and in the ,hungarian ,national ,museum a picture of still-life4 ,her ,old ,woman1 #ahhe1 is mentioned as attracting favorable notice4 b,,kora ,,or ,,callirho4_/b ,it is a well-authenticated fact that in the ,greek city of ,sicyonia1 about the middle of the seventh century before ,christ1 there lived the first woman artist of whom we have a reliable account4 ,her story has been often told1 and runs in this wise3 ,kora1 or ,callirho1 was much admired by the young men of ,sicyonia for her grace and beauty1 of which they caught but fleeting glimpses through her veil when they met her in the flower-market4 ,by reason of ,kora's attraction the studio of her father1 ,dibutades1 was frequented by many young ,greeks1 who watched for a sight of his daughter1 while they praised his models in clay4 ,at length one of these youths begged the modeller to receive him as an apprentice1 and1 his request being granted1 he became the daily companion of both ,kora and her father4 ,as the apprentice was skilled in letters1 it soon came about that he was the teacher and ere long the lover of the charming maiden1 who was duly betrothed to him4 ,the time for the apprentice to leave his master came all too soon4 ,as he sat with ,kora the evening before his departure1 she was seized by an ardent wish for a portrait of her lover1 and1 with a coal from the brazier1 she traced upon the wall the outline of the face so dear to her4 ,this likeness her father instantly recognized1 and1 hastening to bring his clay1 he filled in the sketch and thus produced the first portrait in bas-relief6 ,it is a charming thought that from the inspiration of a pure affection so beautiful an art originated1 and doubtless ,kora's influence contributed much to the artistic fame which her husband later achieved in ,corinth4 ,in the latter city the portrait was preserved two hundred years1 and ,dibutades became so famous for the excellence of his work that at his death several cities claimed the honor of having been his birthplace4 b,,krafft1 ,,anna ,,barbara4_/b ,member of the ,vienna ,academy4 ,she was born at ,igto in #agfd1 and died at ,bamberg in #ahbe4 ,she received instruction from her father1 ,j4 ,n4 ,steiner1 of which she later made good use4 ,having married an apothecary1 she went for a time to ,salsburg1 and again1 after nine years in ,prague1 spent eighteen years in ,salsburg1 retiring finally to ,bamberg4 ,in the ,gallery at ,bamberg may be seen her portrait of the founder1 ,j4 ,hemmerlein2 in the ,nostitz ,gallery1 ,prague1 a portrait of the ,archduke ,charles2 in ,strahow ,abbey1 ,prague1 a ,madonna2 and in the church at ,owencez1 near ,prague1 an altar-piece4 b,,kuntze1 ,,martha4_/b ,born in ,heinrichsdorf1 ,prussia1 #ahdi4 ,pupil of ,steffeck and ,gussow in ,berlin4 ,in #ahha she went to ,paris and studied under ,carolus ,duran and ,henner1 and later travelled in ,italy1 pursuing her art in ,florence1 ,rome1 and ,southern ,italy4 ,she has an excellent reputation as a portrait painter1 and occasionally paints subjects of still-life4 b,k,,ssner1 ,,amalia4_/b ,see ,coudert1 ,amalia ,kssner4 b,,labille1 ,,adelaide ,,vertus4_/b ,was born in ,paris in #agdi4 ,she early developed a taste for art and a desire to study it4 ,j4 ,e4 ,vincent was her master in miniature painting1 while ,latour instructed her in the use of pastels4 ,she was successful as a portrait painter and as a teacher1 having some members of the royal family as pupils1 who so esteemed her that they became her friends4 ,she is known as ,madame ,vincent1 having married the son of her first master in painting4 ,her portrait of the sculptor ,gois gained a prize at the ,academy1 and in #agha she was made a member of that institution4 ,we know the subjects of some large1 ambitious works by ,madame ,vincent1 on which she relied for her future fame1 but unhappily they were destroyed in the time of the ,french ,revolution1 and she never again had the courage to attempt to replace them4 ,one of these represented the ,reception of a ,member to the ,order of ,st4 ,lazare1 the ,grand ,master being the brother of the ,king1 who had appointed ,madame ,vincent ,painter to the ,court4 ,another of these works was a portrait of the artist before her easel1 surrounded by her pupils1 among whom was the ,duchesse d',angoulme and other noble ladies4 ,as ,madame ,vincent and her husband were staunch royalists1 they suffered serious losses during the ,revolution2 the loss of her pictures was irreparable4 ,she was so disheartened by the destruction of the result of the labors of years that she never again took up her brush with her old-time ambition and devotion4 ,she died in #ahjc1 at the age of fifty-four1 having received many honors as an artist1 while she was beloved by her friends and esteemed by all as a woman of noble character4 b,,laing1 ,,mrs4 ,j4 ,g4_/b ,principal studies made in ,glasgow under ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,newbery2 also in ,paris under ,jean-,paul ,laurens and ,aman-,jean4 ,this artist is especially occupied with portraits of children and their mothers4 ,she has1 however1 exhibited works of another sort4 ,her ,sweet ,repose and ,masquerading were sold from the exhibitions in ,london and ,glasgow1 where they were shown4 ,bruges ,lace-,makers was exhibited in ,munich in #aijc4 ,the ,ladies' ,club of ,glasgow is enterprising and its exhibitions are interesting1 but ,mrs4 ,laing is not a member of any club1 and sends her pictures by invitation to exhibitions on the ,continent as well as in ,great ,britain1 and sometimes has a private exhibition in ,glasgow4 ,her study at ,aman-,jean's and ,colarossi's gave a certain daintiness and grace to her work1 which is more ,parisian than ,british in style4 ,there is great freedom in her brush and a delicacy well suited to the painting of children's portraits2 her children and their mothers really smile1 not grin1 and are altogether attractive4 ,i cannot say whether the portraits ,i have seen are good likenesses1 but they have an air of individuality which favors that idea4 b,,lamb1 ,,ella ,,condie_/b--,mrs4 ,charles ,r4 ,lamb4 ,dodge prize1 ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york2 medal at ,columbian ,exposition1 ,chicago1 #ahic2 gold medal1 ,atlanta ,exposition2 medal at ,pan-,american ,exposition1 #aija4 ,member of ,art ,students' ,league1 ,woman's ,art ,club1 ,national ,art ,club4 ,born in ,new ,york ,city4 ,pupil of ,national ,academy of ,design and of ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york1 under ,c4 ,y4 ,turner1 ,william ,m4 ,chase1 and ,walter ,shirlaw2 in ,paris1 pupil of ,r4 ,collin and ,r4 ,courtois2 in ,england1 of ,hubert ,herkomer1 ,r4,a4 ,among ,mrs4 ,lamb's works are ,the ,advent ,angel2 ,the ,christ ,child1 a life-size painting1 copied in mosaic for the ,conrad memorial1 ,st4 ,mary's ,church1 ,wayne1 ,pennsylvania2 ,the ,arts and ,the ,sciences1 executed in association with ,charles ,r4 ,lamb1 for the ,sage ,memorial ,apse designed by him for ,cornell ,university4 ,of recent years ,mrs4 ,lamb is much occupied in collaborating with her husband in decorative designs for public edifices4 ,one of the works thus executed is a memorial window to ,mrs4 ,stella ,goodrich ,russell in ,wells ,college at ,aurora4 ,it represents three female figures against a landscape background4 ,literature is seated in the centre1 while ,science and ,art stand in the side panels4 ,it has the effect of a triptych4 b,,lamb1 ,,rose4_/b ,two bronze medals in ,boston exhibitions1 #ahgh and #ahgi4 ,member of the ,copley ,society4 ,born in ,boston1 where her studies have been made1 chiefly under ,william ,m4 ,hunt4 ,miss ,lamb has painted portraits principally1 a large number of which are in ,boston in the homes of the families to which they belong4 ,among them are ,mrs4 ,robert ,c4 ,winthrop1 ,jr41 and her children2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,ingersoll ,bowditch1 ,mr4 ,horace ,lamb1 the three sons of the late ,governor ,roger ,wolcott1 the daughters of ,mrs4 ,shepherd ,brooks1 the children of ,mrs4 ,walter ,c4 ,baylies1 etc4 ,in #ahhg ,miss ,lamb painted an admirable portrait of ,mohini ,mohun ,chatterji1 a ,brahmin1 who spent some months in ,boston4 b,,lanciani1 ,,marcella4_/b ,born in ,rome1 where her studies were made under ,professor ,giuseppe ,ferrari in figure drawing1 and under ,signor ,onorato ,carlandi--the great water-color artist of the ,roman ,campagna--in landscape and coloring4 ,at the annual spring exhibition in the ,palazzo delle ,belle ,arti1 ,rome1 #aijc1 this artist exhibited four works3 a life-size ,study of the ,head of an old ,roman ,peasant2 a ,sketch near the ,mouth of the ,tiber at ,finniscino2 ,an ,old ,stairway in the ,villa d',este1 at ,tivoli2 ,a ,view from the ,villa ,colonna1 ,rome4 ,two of her sketches1 one of the ,tiber and one of the ,villa ,medici1 are in the collection of ,mrs4 ,pierpont ,morgan2 two similar sketches are in the collection of ,mrs4 ,james ,leavitt1 ,new ,york2 a copy of a ,madonna in an old ,umbrian church is in a private gallery in ,rome2 a ,winter ,scene in the ,villa ,borghese and two other sketches are owned in ,edinburgh2 the ,lake in the ,villa ,borghese is in the collection of ,mr4 ,richard ,corbin1 ,paris2 and several other pictures are in private collections in ,new ,york4 b,,lander1 ,,louisa4_/b ,born in ,salem1 #ahbf4 ,manifested a taste for sculpture when quite young1 and modelled likenesses of the members of her family4 ,in #ahee she became the pupil of ,thomas ,crawford in ,rome4 ,among her earlier works are figures in marble of ,to-day and ,galatea1 the first being emblematic of ,america4 ,she executed many portrait busts1 one of them being of ,nathaniel ,hawthorne4 ,the ,captive ,pioneer is a large group4 ,among her ideal works are a statue of ,virginia ,dare--the first child born in ,america of ,english parents2 ,undine1 ,evangeline1 ,virginia1 etc4 b,,laukota1 ,,herminie4_/b ,born in ,prague1 #ahec4 ,after having studied in ,prague1 ,amsterdam1 and ,munich1 she was a pupil of ,doris ,raab in etching4 ,she paints portraits1 genre and still-life subjects with artistic taste and delicacy4 ,her studio is in ,prague4 ,among her best pictures are ,battle for ,truth1 ,sentinels of ,peace1 ,a ,contented ,old ,woman2 and among her etchings may be named ,the ,veiled ,picture of ,sas1 ,prometheus1 ,the ,microscopist1 ,before the ,bar of ,reason1 etc4 ,the latter was reproduced in ,zeitschrift fr bildende ,kunst in #ahic1 and was said to show a powerful fancy4 ,in #ahge and #ahgf she exhibited her etchings in ,vienna4 ,the ,going to ,baptism in the second exhibition was much admired and aroused unusual interest4 b,,la ,,villette1 ,,mme4 ,,elodie4_/b ,third-class medal1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahge2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi2 second-class medal1 ,melbourne ,exposition2 numerous diplomas and medals from provincial exhibitions in ,france2 also from ,vienna1 ,brussels1 ,antwerp1 ,amsterdam1 ,london1 ,copenhagen1 ,barcelona1 ,munich1 and ,chicago4 ,officer of the ,academy4 ,born at ,strasbourg4 ,educated at ,lorient4 ,she began to study drawing and painting under ,coroller1 a professor in the school she attended4 ,she then studied six months in the ,atelier ,school at ,strasbourg1 and finally became a pupil of ,dubois at ,arras4 ,she has exhibited since #ahgj4 ,her picture of the ,strand at ,lohic1 #ahgf1 is in the ,luxembourg ,gallery2 the ,cliffs of ,yport is in the ,museum of ,lille2 ,a ,calm at ,villers1 in the ,museum at ,lorient2 ,coming ,tide at ,kervillaine1 in the museum of ,morlaix1 etc4 ,her marine views are numerous and are much admired4 ,at the ,salon of the ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 ,mme4 ,la ,villette exhibited ,twilight1 ,quiberon1 ,morbihan2 in #aijc1 ,fort ,penthivre1 ,quiberon1 and ,a ,foaming ,wave4 b,,le ,,brun1 ,,mme4_/b ,see ,vige4 b,,lehmann1 ,,charlotte4_/b ,born in ,vienna1 #ahfj4 ,daughter of an artist1 ,katharine ,lehmann4 ,pupil of ,schilcher and ,pitner4 ,her works are principally portraits and studies of heads1 in which she is successful4 ,her ,styrian ,maiden belongs to the ,austrian ,emperor1 and is in ,gdll castle4 ,her portraits are seen at many exhibitions1 and art critics mention her with respect4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,lemaire1 ,,mme4 ,,jeanne-,,madeleine4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahgg2 silver medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,born at ,sainte ,rosseline4 ,pupil of an aunt1 who was a miniaturist1 and later of ,chaplin4 ,she first exhibited at the ,salon of #ahfd1 a ,portrait of ,madame1 the ,baroness4 ,she has painted many portraits1 and is extremely successful in her pictures of flowers and fruit4 ,among her principal works are ,diana and ,her ,dog1 ,going out of ,church1 ,ophelia1 ,sleep1 ,the ,fall of the ,leaves1 and ,manon4 ,she has also painted many pictures in water-colors4 ,since #ahij she has exhibited at the ,champ-de-,mars4 ,her illustrations in water-colors for ,l',abb ,constantin and for an edition of ,flirt are very attractive4 ,her ,roses at the ,salon of #aijc were especially fine1 so fresh and brilliant that they seemed to be actual blossoms4 ,this artist1 not many months ago1 called to mind the celebrated ,greek supper of ,mme4 ,lebrun1 which was so famous in the time of that artist4 ,the following is an account of the entertainment given by ,mme4 ,lemaire3 ,a most fascinating banquet was given in ,paris quite recently by ,madeleine ,lemaire1 in her studio1 and ,parisians pronounce it the most artistic fete that has occurred for many a moon4 ,athens was reconstructed for a night4 ,a ,greek feast1 gathering at the same board the most aristocratic moderns1 garbed in the antique peplum1 as the caprice of a great artist4 ,the invitation cards1 on which the hostess had drawn the graceful figure of an ,athenian beauty1 were worded3 ',a ,soire in ,athens in the ,time of ,pericles4 ,madeleine ,lemaire begs you to honor with your presence the ,greek fte which she will give in her humble abode on ,tuesday4 ,banquet1 dances1 games1 and cavalcade4 ,ancient ,greek costume de rigueur4' ,every one invited responded yes1 and from the ,duchess d',uzs1 in a superb robe of cloth of gold and long veil surmounted by a circlet of diamonds1 to that classic beauty ,mme4 ,barrachin1 in white draperies with a crown of pink laurel1 the costumes were beautiful4 ,one graceful woman went as ,tanagra4 ,the men were some of them splendid in the garb of old ,greek warriors1 wearing cuirass and helmet of gold4 ,at dessert a bevy of pretty girls in classic costume distributed flowers and fruits to the guests1 while ,greek choruses sung by female choristers alternated with verses admirably recited by ,bartel and ,reichenberg4 ,after the banquet ,emma ,calv and ,mme4 ,litoinne sang passages from ',philmon et ,bacus1' and then there were ,greek dances executed by the leading dancers of the ,opera4 ,after supper and much gayety1 the evening came to a close by an animated farandole danced by all present4 ,it takes an artist like ,madeleine ,lemaire to design and execute such a fete1 and beside it how commonplace appear the costly functions given by society in ,newport and ,new ,york4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,levick1 ,,ruby ,,winifred4_/b ,at the ,south ,kensington ,royal ,college of ,art this artist gained the prize for figure design2 the medal for a study of a head from life1 besides medals and other awards in the ,national ,competition2 ,british ,institution scholarship for modelling1 #ahif2 gold medal and the ,princess of ,wales scholarship1 #ahig2 gold medal in national competition1 #ahih4 ,member of the ,ridley ,art ,club4 ,born in ,llandaff1 ,glamorganshire4 ,this sculptor has exhibited regularly at the ,royal ,academy since #ahih4 ,among her works are ,boys ,wrestling1 group in the round2 ,study of a ,boy1 a statuette2 ,fishermen ,hauling in a ,net1 ,boys ,fishing1 ,the ,hammer ,thrower1 ,rugby ,football1 and the ,sea ,urchin1 a statuette4 ,miss ,levick has executed a panel for the reredos in ,st4 ,brelade's ,church1 ,jersey2 and another for ,st4 ,gabriel's ,church1 ,poplar4 ,she exhibited at the ,academy1 #aijc1 ,sledgehammers3 ,portion of a ,frieze in ,relief4 b,,lewis1 ,,edmonia4_/b ,born in the ,state of ,new ,york4 ,this artist descended from both ,indian and ,african ancestors4 ,she had comparatively no instruction1 when1 in #ahfe1 she exhibited in ,boston a portrait bust of ,colonel ,shaw1 which at once attracted much attention4 ,in #ahfg she exhibited a statue called the ,freedwoman4 ,soon after this she took up her residence in ,rome and very few of her works were seen in the ,united ,states4 ,she sent to the ,philadelphia exhibition1 in #ahgf1 the ,death of ,cleopatra1 in marble4 ,the ,marquis of ,bute bought her ,madonna with the ,infant ,christ1 an altar-piece4 ,her ,marriage of ,hiawatha was purchased by a ,new ,york lady4 ,among her other works are ,an ,old ,arrow-,maker and ,his ,daughter1 ,asleep1 and terra-cotta busts of ,charles ,sumner1 ,longfellow1 ,john ,brown1 and others4 ,among ,miss ,lewis's works are two small groups illustrating ,longfellow's poem of ,hiawatha4 ,her first1 ',hiawatha's ,wooing1' represents ,minnehaha seated1 making a pair of moccasins1 and ,hiawatha by her side with a world of love and longing in his eyes4 ,in the ',marriage' they stand side by side with clasped hands4 ,in both the ,indian type of feature is carefully preserved1 and every detail of dress1 etc41 is true to nature4 ,the sentiment equals the execution4 ,they are charming bits1 poetic1 simple1 and natural1 and no happier illustrations of ,longfellow's most original poem were ever made than these by the ,indian sculptor4--,revolution1 ,april1 #ahga4 ,this was not a beautiful work--',cleopatra'--but it was very original and very striking1 and it merits particular comment1 as its ideal was so radically different from those adopted by ,story and ,gould in their statues of the ,egyptian ,queen4444 ,the effects of death are represented with such skill as to be absolutely repellent4 ,apart from all questions of taste1 however1 the striking qualities of the work are undeniable1 and it could only have been produced by a sculptor of very genuine endowments4--,great ,american ,sculptors4 b,,ley1 ,,sophie4_/b ,third-class medal at ,melbourne2 honor diplomas1 ,karlsruhe4 ,member of the ,knstlerbund1 ,karlsruhe4 ,born at ,bodman am ,bodensee1 #ahei4 ,pupil of the ,art ,school in ,stuttgart1 where she received several prizes2 and of ,gude and ,bracht in ,karlsruhe4 ,some flower pieces by this artist are in the collection of the ,grand ,duke of ,baden2 others belong to the ,hereditary ,grand ,duke and to the ,queen of ,saxony2 still others are in various private galleries4 ,a recently published design for the wall decoration of a school1 ,fingerhut im ,walde1 was awarded a prize4 ,frulein ,ley receives young women students in her atelier in ,karlsruhe4 b,,licata-,,faccioli1 ,,orsola4_/b ,a first-class and several other medals as a student of the ,academy at ,venice4 ,member of the ,academies of ,venice and ,perugia1 #ahfd4 ,born in ,venice1 #ahbf4 ,in #ahdh she married and made a journey with her husband through ,italy4 ,three pictures which she exhibited at ,perugia1 in #ahfd1 won her election to the ,academy2 the ,marquis ,ala-,ponzoni purchased these4 ,the ,gallery at ,vicenza has several of her views of ,venice and ,rome1 and there are others in the municipal palace at ,naples4 ,her pictures have usually sold immediately upon their exhibition1 and are scattered through many ,european cities4 ,at ,hamburg is a view of ,capodimonte2 at ,venice a large picture showing a view of ,san ,marcellino2 and at ,capodimonte the ,choir of the ,capuchins at ,rome4 ,private collectors have also bought many of her landscapes4 ,since #ahfg she has taught drawing in the ,royal ,institute at ,naples4 ,two of the ,signora's later pictures are ,arum ,italicum1 exhibited at ,milan in #ahha1 and a ,park at ,capodimonte1 shown at the ,international ,exposition in ,rome--the latter is a brilliant piece of work4 ,her style is vigorous and robust1 and her touch sure4 ,family cares seem never to have interrupted her art activity1 for her work has been constant and of an especially high order4 b,,lindegren1 ,,amalia4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,stockholm4 ,honorary member of the ,london ,society of ,women ,artists4 ,born in ,stockholm4 #ahad-ahia4 ,a student in the above-named ,academy1 she was later a pupil of ,cogniet and ,tissier1 in ,paris1 and afterward visited ,rome and ,munich4 ,her pictures are portraits and genre subjects4 ,in the ,gallery at ,christiania are her ,mother and ,child and ,grandfather and ,granddaughter4 ,the ,dance in a ,peasant ,cottage is in the ,museum of ,stockholm1 where are also her portraits of ,queen ,louise and the ,crown ,princess of ,denmark1 #ahgc4 ,with her unpretentious representations of the joy of children1 the smiling happiness of parents1 sorrow resigned1 and childish stubbornness1 ,amalia ,lindegren attained great national popularity1 for without being a connoisseur it is possible to take pleasure in the fresh children's faces in her pictures4--,history of ,modern ,painters4 b,,lippincott1 ,,margarette4_/b ,honorable mention and ,mary ,smith ,prize at ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts4 ,member of ,philadelphia ,water-,color ,club and ,plastic ,club4 ,new ,york ,water-,color ,club4 ,born in ,philadelphia4 ,pupil of ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts and ,art ,students' ,league1 ,new ,york4 ,this artist has painted flowers especially1 but of late has taken up genre subjects and landscapes4 ,among her pictures is one of ,roses1 in the ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 and ,white ,roses1 in the ,art ,club of ,philadelphia4 ,sunset in the ,hills is in a private collection1 and ,the ,west ,window is owned in ,detroit4 b,,liszewska1 ,,anna ,,dorothea4_/b ,married name was ,therbusch4 ,member of the ,academies of ,paris and ,vienna and of the ,institute of ,bologna4 ,born in ,berlin4 #agbb-aghb4 ,was court painter at ,stuttgart1 and later held the same office under ,frederick the ,great1 whose portrait she painted1 #aggb4 ,her picture of ,diana's ,return from the ,chase was also painted for ,frederick4 ,her early studies were conducted by her father4 ,after leaving the court of ,stuttgart she studied four years in ,paris4 ,in the ,louvre is her picture of ,a ,man ,holding a ,glass of ,water2 in the ,brunswick ,gallery is her portrait of herself2 and several of her works are in the ,schwerin ,gallery4 ,her pictures of ,a ,repentant ,maiden1 #agha1 and of ,ariadne at ,naxos attracted much attention4 b,,liszewska1 ,,anna ,,rosina4_/b ,member of the ,dresden ,academy4 ,born in ,berlin4 #agaf-aghc4 ,pupil of her father4 ,she executed forty portraits of women for the ,hall of ,beauty at ,zerbst4 ,one of her portraits1 painted in #aggj1 is in the ,gallery at ,brunswick4 ,she travelled in ,holland in #agff1 but was too much occupied with commissions to find time for foreign journeys4 ,she painted a picture called ,artemisia and a second of ,monime ,pulling ,down ,her ,diadem1 which were interesting and excellent examples of her style of painting4 b,,locatelli1 ,,or ,,lucatelli1 ,,maria ,,caterina4_/b ,of ,bologna4 ,died in #agbc4 ,she studied under ,pasinelli1 and in the ,church of ,st4 ,columba in ,bologna are two pictures by her--a ,st4 ,anthony and a ,st4 ,theresa4 b,,loewenthal1 ,,baroness ,,anka4_/b ,born at ,ogulin1 ,croatia1 #ahec4 ,pupil of ,karl von ,blaas and ,julius von ,payer4 ,some portraits by this artist are in the ,academy of ,arts and ,sciences at ,agram4 ,but religious subjects were most frequently treated by her1 and a number of these are in the ,croatian churches4 ,the ,madonna ,immaculata is in the ,gymnasial ,kirche1 ,meran1 and a ,mater ,dolorosa in the ,klosterkirche1 ,bruck a4 d4 ,meer4 b,,longhi1 ,,barbara4_/b ,born in ,ravenna4 #aeeb-afai7874 ,daughter of ,luca ,longhi4 ,she was an excellent artist and her works were sought for good collections4 ,a portrait by her is in the ,castellani ,collection1 dated #aehi2 ,st4 ,monica1 ,judith1 and the ,healing of ,st4 ,agatha are in the ,ravenna ,academy2 a ,virgin and ,child is in the ,louvre1 and ,mary with the ,children in the ,dresden ,gallery4 b,,longman1 ,e4 ,b4_/b ,this sculptor has a commission to execute a statue of ,victory for a dome at the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,loop1 ,,mrs4 ,,henry ,a4_/b ,elected an associate of the ,national ,academy of ,design in #ahge4 ,born in ,new ,haven1 #ahdj4 ,pupil of ,professor ,louis ,bail in ,new ,haven1 of ,henry ,a4 ,loop in ,new ,york1 later spending two years in study in ,paris1 ,venice1 and ,rome4 ,mrs4 ,loop is essentially a portrait painter1 but occasionally has painted figure pictures1 such as ,baby ,belle1 ,a ,little ,runaway1 ,a ,bouquet for ,mama1 etc4 ,her portraits of ,professors ,low and ,hadley of ,new ,haven were much admired2 those of ,mrs4 ,joseph ,lee1 ,miss ,alexander1 and other ladies were exhibited at the ,academy4 ,mrs4 ,loop's picture is an honest1 unpretending work1 well drawn1 naturally posed1 and clearly1 solidly colored4 ,there is not a trace of affectation about it4 ,the artistic effects are produced in the most straightforward way4--,clarence ,cook1 in ,new ,york ,tribune4 ,mrs4 ,loop is certainly the leading portrait painter among our lady artists4 ,she is vigorous1 conscientious1 and perceptive4--,chicago ,times1 #ahge4 b,,lotz1 ,,matilda4_/b ,gold medal at ,school of ,design1 ,california4 ,born in ,franklin1 ,tennessee4 ,this artist is sometimes called the ,rosa ,bonheur of ,america4 ,she began to draw pictures of animals when seven years old4 ,later she studied under ,virgil ,williams in ,san ,francisco and under ,m4 ,barrios and ,van ,marcke in ,paris4 ,she has travelled extensively in the ,east1 painting camels1 dromedaries1 etc4 ,her work has a vigor and breadth well suited to her subjects1 while she gives such attention to details as make her pictures true to life4 ,one critic writes3 ,her oxen and camels1 like ,rosa ,bonheur's horses1 stand out from canvas as living things4 ,they have been the admiration of art lovers at the ,salon in ,paris1 the ,royal ,academy in ,london1 and at picture exhibitions in ,austria-,hungary and ,germany4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,family ,,of ,,dogs ,,matilda ,,lotz ,among her works are ,oxen at ,rest1 ,the ,artist's ,friends1 ,hounds in the ,woods1 painted in ,california4 ,mourning for ,their ,master1 ,the ,sick ,donkey1 and other less important pictures are in private collections in ,hungary4 ,the ,early ,breakfast is in a gallery in ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,she has painted portraits of famous horses owned by the ,duke of ,portland1 which are in ,england1 as is her picture called ,by the ,fireside4 b,,loud1 ,,may ,,hallowell4_/b ,member of the ,copley ,society and ,boston ,water-,color ,club4 ,born in ,west ,medford1 ,massachusetts1 #ahfj4 ,pupil of the ,school of ,museum of ,fine ,arts1 ,boston2 ,julian ,academy1 ,paris2 ,cowles ,art ,school1 ,boston4 ,in ,paris1 under ,tony ,robert-,fleury1 ,giacomotti1 and ,louis ,deschamps4 ,later under ,abbott ,thayer and ,denman ,w4 ,ross4 ,mrs4 ,loud's works are principally portraits1 and are in private hands4 ,her picture called ,the ,singer was purchased by the ,atlanta ,exposition1 and is in a collection in that city4 ,she works mostly in oils1 but has been successful in portraits in pastel2 two admirable examples were exhibited in ,boston recently1 and were favorably noticed for their color and temperance in the use of high relief4 b,,louise1 ,,princess4_/b ,see ,argyll4 b,,lusk1 ,,marie ,k4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,lutmer1 ,,emmy4_/b ,medal at ,munich1 #ahhh4 ,born at ,elberfeld1 #ahei4 ,pupil of the ,school of ,art ,industries at ,munich and of the ,museums of ,berlin and ,vienna4 ,this skilled enamel painter has her studio in ,berlin1 where she executes fine and beautiful work4 b,,macchesney1 ,,clara ,,taggart4_/b ,two medals at ,chicago ,exposition1 #ahic2 ,dodge prize1 ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york1 #ahid2 gold medal1 ,philadelphia ,art ,club1 #aijj2 ,hallgarten prize1 ,national ,academy1 #aija2 bronze medal1 ,buffalo ,exposition1 #aija4 ,three medals at ,colarossi ,school1 ,paris4 ,member of ,national ,art ,club1 ,barnard ,club1 and ,water-,color ,club1 all of ,new ,york4 ,born in ,brownsville1 ,california4 ,pupil of ,virgil ,williams in ,san ,francisco ,art ,school2 of ,h4 ,c4 ,mowbray1 ,j4 ,c4 ,beckwith1 and ,william ,chase in ,gotham ,art ,school2 and of ,g4 ,courtois1 ,a4 ,girardot1 and ,r4 ,x4 ,prinet in ,colarossi ,school1 ,paris4 ,exhibited at ,paris ,salon1 ,beaux ,arts1 in #ahif1 #ahih1 and at the ,exposition in #aijj4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,copley ,print4 ,,fritz ,,clara ,t4 ,mac,c,h,e,s,n,e,y ,this artist paints figure subjects4 ,among these are ,retrospection1 ,boston ,art ,club2 ,tired1 ,erie ,art ,club2 ,a ,good ,story1 ,national ,arts ,club1 ,new ,york2 ,the ,old ,cobbler1 etc4 ,her prize picture at the ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york1 #ahid1 was called ,the ,old ,spinner4 ,this picture had been refused by the committee of the ,society of ,american ,artists1 only to be thought worthy a prize at the older institution4 b,,macgregor1 ,,jessie4_/b ,the gold medal in the ,royal ,academy ,schools for historical painting1 a medal given biennially1 and but one other woman has received it4 ,born in ,liverpool4 ,pupil of the ,schools of the ,royal ,academy2 her principal teachers were the late ,lord ,leighton1 the late ,p4 ,h4 ,calderon1 ,r4,a41 and ,john ,pettie1 ,r4,a4 ,her principal works are ,in the ,reign of ,terror and ,jephthah's ,vow1 both in the ,liverpool ,permanent ,collection2 ,the ,mistletoe ,bough2 ,arrested1 or the ,nihilist2 ,flight1 exhibited at ,royal ,academy in #aija2 ,king ,edward ,,vii41 #aijb4 ,miss ,macgregor is a lecturer on art in the ,victoria ,university ,extension ,lecture ,scheme1 and has lectured on ,italian painting and on the ,national ,gallery in many places4 ,at the ,london ,academy in #aijc she exhibited ,the ,nun1 ,if a ,woman ,has ,long ,hair1 it is a ,glory to ,her1 ,i ,cor4 xi4 #ae2 ,behind the ,curtain1 ,christmas in a ,children's ,hospital1 and ,little ,bo-peep4 b,,mackubin1 ,,florence4_/b ,bronze medal and diploma1 ,tennessee ,exposition1 #ahig4 ,vice-president of ,baltimore ,water-,color ,club4 ,born in ,florence1 ,italy4 ,studied in ,fontainebleau under ,m4 ,lain1 in ,munich under ,professor ,herterich1 and in ,paris under ,louis ,deschamps and ,julius ,rolshoven2 also with ,mlle4 ,j4 ,devina in miniature painting4 ,miss ,mackubin has exhibited at the ,paris ,salon1 the ,london ,academy1 and the ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york4 ,her works are portraits in miniature1 pastel1 and oil colors4 ,she was appointed by the ,board of ,public ,works of ,maryland to copy the portrait of ,queen ,henrietta ,maria1 for whom ,maryland was named4 ,the portrait is by ,vandyck and in ,warwick ,castle4 ,miss ,mackubin's copy is in the ,state ,house at ,annapolis4 ,her portraits are numerous4 ,among them are those of ,mrs4 ,charles ,j4 ,bonaparte1 ,justice ,horace ,gray1 ,hon4 ,george ,f4 ,hoar1 ,mrs4 ,thomas ,f4 ,bayard1 and many others4 ,in ,england she painted portraits of the ,countess of ,warwick1 the ,marchioness of ,bath1 and several other ladies4 ,miss ,mackubin's portrait of ,cardinal ,gibbons1 exhibited in ,baltimore in #aijc1 is much praised4 ,he is sitting in an armchair near a table on which are books4 ,the pose of the figure is natural1 the drawing excellent1 the flesh tints well handled1 and the likeness satisfactory to an unusual degree4 ,the accessories are justly rendered and the values well preserved--the texture of the stuffs1 the ring on the hand1 the hand delicate and characteristic2 in short1 this is an excellent example of dignified portraiture4 b,,macmonnies1 ,,mary ,,fairchild4_/b ,awarded a scholarship in ,paris by the ,st4 ,louis ,school of ,fine ,arts2 medal at ,chicago1 #ahic2 bronze medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 bronze medal at ,buffalo1 #aija2 gold medal at ,dresden1 #aijb2 ,julia ,m4 ,shaw prize1 ,society of ,american ,artists1 ,new ,york1 #aijb4 ,associate member of ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts1 ,paris2 member of the ,society of ,american ,artists1 ,new ,york4 ,born at ,new ,haven1 ,connecticut1 about #ahfj4 ,pupil of ,school of ,fine ,arts1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,academy ,julian1 ,paris1 and of ,carolus ,duran4 ,exhibited at ,salon des ,beaux-,arts1 #aijb1 ,the ,october ,sun1 ,the ,last ,rays1 and ,the ,rain2 in #aijc1 ,a ,snow ,scene4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,macomber1 ,,mary ,l4_/b ,bronze medal1 ,massachusetts ,charitable ,mechanics' ,association1 #ahie2 bronze medal1 ,cotton ,state and ,international ,exposition1 #ahie2 ,dodge prize1 ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york1 #ahig2 honorable mention1 ,carnegie ,institute1 #aija4 ,member of the ,copley ,society1 ,boston4 ,born in ,fall ,river1 ,massachusetts1 #ahfa4 ,pupil of ,robert ,dunning1 ,school of ,boston ,art ,museum under ,otto ,grundmann and ,f4 ,crowninshield1 and of ,frank ,duveneck4 ,this artist paints figure subjects4 ,her ,saint ,catherine is in the ,boston ,museum of ,fine ,arts2 ,spring ,opening the ,gate to ,love was in the collection of the late ,mrs4 ,s4 ,d4 ,warren2 ,the ,annunciation is in the collection of ,mrs4 ,d4 ,p4 ,kimball1 ,boston4 ,other works of hers are a triptych1 the ,magdalene1 ,death and the ,captive1 ,the ,virgin of the ,book1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,copley ,print4 ,,saint ,,catherine ,,mary ,l4 ,,macomber ,one feels1 on looking at the ,madonnas1 ,annunciation1 or any of ,miss ,macomber's pictures1444 that she must have lived with and in her subject4 ,delicate coloring harmonizes with refined1 spiritual conceptions4444 ,her most generally liked picture is her ',madonna4' ,all the figures wear a sweet1 solemn sadness1 illumined by immortal faith and love4--,art ,interchange1 ,april1 #ahii4 b,,magliani1 ,,francesca4_/b ,born at ,palermo in #ahde1 and studied painting there under a private teacher4 ,going later to ,florence she was a pupil of ,bedussi and of ,gordigiani4 ,her early work consisted of copies from the ,italian and other masters1 and these were so well done that she soon began to receive orders1 especially for portraits1 from well-known people4 ,among them were ,g4 ,baccelli--the ,minister of ,public ,instruction--,king ,humbert1 and ,queen ,margherita1 the latter arousing much interest when exhibited in ,florence4 ,portraits of her mother1 and of her husband1 who was the ,minister of ,finance1 were also recognized as admirable examples of portraiture4 ,modesty and ,vanity is one of her genre pictures4 b,,mangilla1 ,,ada4_/b ,gold medal at ,ferrara for a ,bacchante1 which is now in the ,gallery there2 gold medal at ,beatrice1 in ,florence1 #ahij1 for the ,three ,marys4 ,born in ,florence in #ahfc4 ,pupil of ,cassioli4 ,one of her early works was a design for two mosaic figures in the left door of the ,cathedral in ,florence1 representing ,bonifazio ,lupi and ,piero di ,luca ,borsi2 this was exhibited in #ahgi1 and was received with favor by the public4 ,this artist has had much success with ,pompeian subjects1 such as ,a ,pompeian ,lady at ,her ,toilet1 and ,a ,pompeian ,flower-,seller4 ,she catches with great accuracy the characteristics of the ,pompeian type2 and this facility1 added to the brilliancy of her color and the spirit and sympathy of her treatment1 has given these pictures a vogue4 ,two of them were sold in ,holland4 ,floralia was sold in ,venice4 ,to an exhibition of ,italian artists in ,london1 in #ahhi1 she contributed ,the ,young ,agrippa1 which was sold to ,thomas ,walker4 ,her grace and fancy appear in the drawings which she finds time to make for ,florentia1 and in such pictures as ,the ,rose ,harvest4 ,this highly accomplished woman1 who has musical and literary talent1 is the wife of ,count ,francessetti di ,mersenile4 b,,mankiewicz1 ,,henriette4_/b ,chevalier of the ,legion of ,honor4 ,a series of her mural decorations was exhibited in various ,german cities1 and finally shown at the ,paris ,exposition of #ahij7871 where they excited such applause that the above honor was accorded her4 ,these decorations are in the form of panels1 in which water1 in its varying natural aspects1 supplies the subordinate features1 while the fundamental motive is vegetation of every description4 ,the artist has evidently felt the influence of ,markart in ,vienna1 and some of her conceptions remind one of ,h4 von ,preusschen4 ,her technique is a combination of embroidery1 painting1 and applications on silk4 ,whether this combination of methods is desirable is another question1 but as a means of decoration it is highly effective4 ,at an exhibition of paintings by women of ,saxony1 held in ,dresden under the patronage of ,queen ,carola in the fall of #ahib1 this artist exhibited another decorative panel1 done in the same manner1 which seems to have been a great disappointment to those who had heard wonderful accounts of the earlier cycle of panels4 ,it was too full of large-leaved flowers1 and the latter were too brilliant to serve as a foreground to the ,alhambra scenes1 which were used as the chief motive4 b,,manly1 ,,alice ,,elfrida4_/b ,a national gold medal and the ,queen's gold medal1 at the ,royal ,female ,school of ,art1 ,london4 ,member of the ,dudley ,gallery ,art ,society and the ,hampstead ,art ,society4 ,born in ,london4 ,pupil of the above-mentioned ,school and of the ,royal ,academy ,schools4 ,this artist has exhibited at the ,academy1 at the ,royal ,institute of ,painters in ,water ,colors1 and other exhibitions4 ,her pictures have frequently been sold from the exhibitions and reproduced4 ,among these are ,sympathy1 sold as first prize in ,derby ,art ,union2 ,diverse ,attractions2 ,interesting ,discoveries2 ,coming1 sold from the ,royal ,academy2 ,gossips2 ,the ,wedding ,gown1 etc4 ,miss ,manly has done much work for publishers1 which has been reproduced in colors and in black and white4 ,she usually combines figures and landscape4 b,,mantovani1 ,,signora ,s4 ,,rome4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,maraini1 ,,adelaide4_/b ,gold medal in ,florence1 at ,beatrice ,exposition1 #aijc4 ,born in #ahdc4 ,this sculptor resides in ,rome1 where her works have been made4 ,an early example of her art1 ,camilla1 while it gave proof of her artistic temperament1 was unimportant2 but her later works1 as they have followed each other1 have constantly gained in excellence1 and have won her an enviable reputation4 ,among her statues are ,amleto1 ,the ,sulamite ,woman1 and ,sappho4 ,the last was enthusiastically received in ,paris in #ahgh1 and is the work which gained the prize at ,florence1 where it was said to be the gem of the exhibition4 ,she has also executed a monument to ,attilio ,lemmi1 which represents ,youth ,weeping over the ,tomb of the ,dead1 and is in the ,protestant ,cemetery at ,florence2 a bas-relief1 the ,angels of ,prayer and of the ,resurrection2 a group1 ,romeo and ,juliet2 and portraits of ,carlo ,cattanei1 ,giuseppe ,civinini1 ,signora ,allievi1 ,senator ,musio1 the traveller ,de ,albertis1 and ,victor ,emmanuel4 b,,marcelle1 ,,ad,,le1_/b ,duchess of ,castiglione-,colonna1 family name d',affry4 ,born at ,fribourg1 ,switzerland1 #ahcg1 and died at ,castellamare1 #ahgi4 ,her early manner was that of the later ,cinquecento1 but she afterward adopted a rather bombastic and theatrical style4 ,her only statue1 a ,pythia1 in bronze was placed in the ,grand ,opera at ,paris 7#ahgj74 ,in the ,luxembourg ,museum are marble busts of ,bianca ,capello 7#ahfc7 and an ,abyssinian ,sheikh 7#ahgj74 ,a ,gorgon 7#ahfe71 a ,saviour 7#ahge71 ,la ,bella ,romana 7#ahge7 are among her other works4 ,she left her art treasures1 valued at about fifty thousand francs1 to the ,cantonal ,museum at ,fribourg1 where they occupy a separate room1 called the ,marcello ,museum4 b,,marcovigi1 ,,clementina4_/b ,born in ,bologna1 where she resides4 ,flower pieces exhibited by her at ,turin in #ahhd and at ,venice in #ahhg were commended for perfection of design and charm of color4 b,,maria ,,feodorovna1_/b wife of the ,czar ,peter ,i4 ,as ,princess ,dorothea ,auguste ,sophie of ,wrtemberg she was born at ,trepton in #agei1 and died at ,petersburg in #aheh4 ,she studied under ,leberecht1 and engraved medals and cameos1 many of which are portraits of members of the royal family and are in the royal collection at ,petersburg4 ,she was elected to the ,berlin ,academy in #ahbj4 b,,mariani1 ,,virginia4_/b ,honorary member of the ,umbrian ,academy and of the ,academy of the ,virtuosi of the ,pantheon4 ,born in ,rome1 #ahbd1 where she has met with much success in decorating pottery1 as well as in oil and water-color paintings4 ,the ,provincial ,exposition at ,perugia in #ahge displayed her ,mezze ,figure1 which was highly commended4 ,she has decorated cornices1 with flowers in relief1 as well as some vases that are very beautiful4 ,besides teaching in several institutions and receiving private pupils1 she has been an inspector1 in her own department of art1 of the municipal schools of ,rome4 b,,marie1 ,,duchess ,,of ,w,,rtemberg4_/b ,daughter of ,louis ,philippe1 and wife of ,duke ,frederick ,william ,alexander of ,wrtemberg4 ,born at ,palermo1 #ahac1 and died at ,pisa1 #ahci4 ,she studied drawing with ,ary ,scheffer4 ,her statue of ,jeanne d',arc is at ,versailles2 in the ,ferdinand ,chapel1 in the ,bois de ,boulogne1 is the ,peri as a ,praying ,angel2 in the ,saturnin ,chapel at ,fontainebleau is a stained-glass window with her design of ,st4 ,amalia4 ,among her other works are ,the ,dying ,bayard1 a relief representing the legend of the ,wandering ,jew1 and a bust of the ,belgian ,queen4 ,many of her drawings are in possession of her family4 ,she also executed some lithographs1 such as ,souvenirs of #ahab1 #ahca1 etc4 b,,marie ,,louise1 ,,empress ,,of ,,france4_/b #agia-ahdf4 ,she studied under ,prud'hon4 ,her ,girl with a ,dove is in the ,museum of ,besanon4 b,,marlef1 ,,claude4_/b ,bronze medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,associate of the ,french ,national ,society of ,fine ,arts 7,beaux-,arts74 ,born at ,nantes4 ,pupil of ,a4 ,roll1 ,benjamin ,constant1 ,puvis de ,chavannes1 and ,dagnaux4 ,mme4 ,marlef is a portrait painter4 ,her picture1 ,manette ,salomon1 is in the ,hotel de ,ville1 ,paris2 the ,nymphe ,accroupie is in the ,municipal ,museum of ,nantes4 ,among her portraits of well-known women are those of ,jane ,hading1 ,elsie de ,wolfe1 ,bessie ,abbott of the ,opera1 ,rachel ,boyer of the ,theatre ,franais1 ,marguerite ,durand1 ,editeur de la ,fronde1 ,mlle4 ,richepin1 and many others4 ,mme4 ,marlef has the power of keen observation1 so necessary to a painter of portraits4 ,although there is a certain element of soft tenderness in her pictures1 the bold virility of her drawing misled the critics1 who for a time believed that her name was used to conceal the personality of a man4 ,a critic in the ,paris ,world writes of this artist3 ,she has exquisite color sense and delights in presenting that exaltation de la vie1 that love1 radiance1 and joy of life1 which are at once the secret of the success and the keynote of the masterful canvases of ,roll1 in whose studio were first developed ,claude ,marlef's delicate qualities of truthful perception in the portraiture of woman4444 ,her perceptions being rapid1 she has a remarkable instantaneous insight1 enabling her to fix the dominant feature and soul of expression in each of the various types among her numerous sitters4 ,mme4 ,marlef's family name is ,lefebure4 ,her husband died in #ahia1 the year after their marriage1 and she then devoted herself to the serious study of painting1 which she had practised from childhood4 ,she first exhibited at the ,salon1 #ahie1 and has exhibited annually since then4 ,in #aijb she sent her own portrait1 and in #aijc that of ,bessie ,abbott1 to the ,exhibition of the ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts4 b,,martin ,,de ,,campo1 ,,victoria4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts of ,cadiz1 her native city4 ,in the different expositions of this and other ,andalusian capitals she has exhibited since #ahdj many works1 including portraits1 genre1 historical pictures1 and copies4 ,among them may be mentioned ,susanna in the ,bath1 ,david ,playing the ,harp before ,saul1 a ,magdalen1 a ,cupid1 a ,boy with a ,linnet1 and a ,nativity4 ,some of these were awarded prizes4 ,in the ,chapel of ,relics in the new ,cathedral at ,cadiz are her ,martyrdom of ,st4 ,lawrence and a ,mater ,dolorosa4 b,,martineau1 ,,edith4_/b ,associate of ,royal ,society of ,painters in ,water-,colors2 member of the ,hampstead ,art ,society4 ,born in ,liverpool1 where she made her first studies in the ,school of ,art1 and later became a pupil of the ,royal ,academy ,schools1 ,london4 ,her pictures are not large and are principally figures or figures in landscape1 and all in water-colors4 ,she writes very modestly that so many are sold and in private hands that she will give no list of subjects4 b,,massari1 ,,luigia4_/b ,medal at ,piacenza1 #ahfi1 and several other medals from art societies4 ,born at ,piacenza1 #ahaj4 ,pupil of ,a4 ,gemmi4 ,her works are in a number of churches3 ,st4 ,martin in the church at ,alto2 ,st4 ,philomena in the church at ,busseto2 the ,madonna del ,carmine and ,st4 ,anna in the church at ,monticelli d',ongina4 ,this artist was also famous for her beautiful embroidery1 as seen in her altar-cloths1 one of which is in the ,guastafredda ,chapel at ,piacenza4 ,the fruits and flowers produced by her needle are marvellously like those in her pictures4 b,,massey1 ,,mrs4 ,,gertrude4_/b ,member of the ,society of ,miniaturists4 ,born in ,london1 #ahfh4 ,has studied with private teachers in ,london and ,paris4 ,this painter has made a specialty of miniatures and of pictures of dogs4 ,she has been extensively employed by various members of the royal family1 of whom she painted eleven miniatures1 among which was one of the late ,queen4 ,she sends me a list of several pictures of dogs and ,pets1 all belonging to titled ,english ladies2 also a long list of miniatures of gentlemen1 ladies1 and children of high degree1 several being of the royal family1 in addition1 ,i suppose1 to the eleven mentioned above4 ,she writes me3 ,constantly met ,king and ,queen and other members4 ,sittings took place at ,windsor ,castle1 ,sandringham1 ,marlborough ,house1 ,osborne1 and ,balmoral4 ,one dog died after first sitting2 had to finish from dead dog4 ,live in charming little cottage with genuine old-fashioned garden in ,st4 ,john's ,wood4 ,mrs4 ,massey has exhibited at the ,royal ,academy and ,new ,gallery1 and has held a special exhibition of her pictures of dogs at the ,fine ,art ,society1 ,new ,bond ,street1 ,london4 b,,massip1 ,,marguerite4_/b ,member of the ,society of ,swiss ,painters and ,sculptors and of the ,society of ,arts and ,letters1 ,geneva4 ,born at ,geneva4 ,made her studies in ,florence and ,paris under the professors in the public schools4 ,her picture of ,le ,buveur is in the ,museum of ,geneva2 ,five o',clock ,tea1 also in a ,geneva ,museum2 ,la ,bohemienne is at ,nice2 ,the ,engagement--a dancer--at ,st4 ,gall1 and a large number of portraits in various cities1 belonging to their subjects and their families4 ,her portrait of ,mme4 ,m4 ,l4 was very much praised when exhibited in proximity with the works of some of the famous ,french artists4 ,one critic writes3 ,the painting is firm and brilliant4 ,the hands are especially beautiful2 we scarcely know to whom we can compare ,mme4 ,massip1 unless to ,m4 ,paul ,dubois4 ,they have the same love of art1 the same soberness of tone1 the same scorn of artifice4444 ,the woman who has signed such a portrait is a great artist4 ,it is well known that the famous sculptor is a remarkable portraitist4 ,in a review of the ,salon at ,nice we read3 ,a portrait by ,mme4 ,massip is a magnificent canvas1 without a single stroke of the charlatan4 ,the pose is simple and dignified2 there is the serenity and repose of a woman no longer young1 who makes no pretension to preserve her vanishing beauty2 the costume1 in black1 is so managed that it would not appear superannuated nor ridiculous at any period4 ,the execution is that of a great talent and an artistic conscience4 ,it is not a portrait for a bedchamber1 still less for a studio2 it is a noble souvenir for a family1 and should have a place in the salon1 in which1 around the hearth1 three generations may gather1 and in this serene picture may see the wife1 the mother1 and the grandmother1 when they mourn the loss of her absolute presence4 b,,massolien1 ,,anna4_/b ,born at ,grlitz1 #ahdh4 ,a pupil of ,g4 ,grf and of the ,school of ,women ,artists in ,berlin4 ,her portraits of ,field ,marshal von ,steinmetz1 ,brckner1 and ,g4 ,schmidt by their excellence assured the reputation of this artist1 whose later portraits are greatly admired4 b,,mathilde1 ,,princess4_/b ,medal at ,paris ,salon1 #ahfe4 ,daughter of ,king ,jerome ,bonaparte4 ,born at ,trieste1 #ahbj2 died at ,paris1 #aijd4 ,pupil of ,eugene ,giraud4 ,she painted genre subjects in water-colors4 ,her medal picture1 ,head of a ,young ,girl1 is in the ,luxembourg2 ,a ,jewess of ,algiers1 #ahff1 is in the ,museum of ,lille2 ,the ,intrigue under the ,portico of the ,doge's ,palace was painted in #ahfe4 b,,mathilde ,,caroline1_/b ,grand ,duchess of ,hesse4 ,was born ,princess of ,bavaria4 #ahac-ahfc4 ,pupil of ,dominik ,onaglio4 ,in the ,new ,gallery at ,munich are two of her pictures--,view of the ,magdalen ,chapel in the ,garden at ,nymphenburg1 #ahcb1 and ,outlook on the ,islands1 ,procida and ,ischia1 #ahcf4 b,,matton1 ,,ida4_/b ,two grand prizes and a purse1 also a travelling purse from the ,government of ,sweden2 honorable mention at the ,paris ,salon1 #ahif2 honorable mention1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 prize for sculpture at the ,union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs1 #aijc4 ,decorated with the palmes acadmique of ,president ,loubet1 #aijc4 ,member of the ,union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs1 ,paris4 ,born at ,gefle1 ,sweden4 ,pupil of the ,technical ,school1 ,stockholm1 and of ,h4 ,chapu1 ,a4 ,mercie1 and ,d4 ,puech at ,paris4 ,illustration3 ,in ,cemetery ,in ,gefle1 ,sweden ,,monument ,,for ,a ,,tomb ,,ida ,,matton ,among the works of this artist are ,mama6 a statue in marble2 ,lok1 a statue2 ,dans les ,vagues1 a marble bust2 ,funeral ,monument1 in bronze1 in ,gefle1 ,sweden2 and a great number of portrait busts and various subjects in bas-relief4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 she exhibited four portraits1 and in #aijc1 ,confidence4 b,,maury1 ,,cornelia ,f4_/b ,member of ,st4 ,louis ,artists' ,guild and ,society of ,western ,artists4 ,born in ,new ,orleans1 ,louisiana4 ,pupil of ,st4 ,louis ,school of ,fine ,arts and of ,julian ,academy1 under ,collin and ,merson4 ,at the ,salon of #aijj her picture1 ,mother and ,child1 was hung on the line4 ,miss ,maury has made an especial study of child life4 ,among her pictures are ,little ,sister1 ,choir ,boy1 ,late ,breakfast1 and ,first ,steps4 ,the latter picture and the ,baby in a ,go-,cart have been published in the ,copley ,prints4 ,cornelia ,f4 ,maury is most successful in portrayals of childhood4 ,her small figures are simple1 unaffected1 with no suggestion of pose4 ,they convey that delightful feeling of unconsciousness in the subject that is always so charming either in nature or in artistic expression4 ,the pastel depicting the flaxen-haired child in blue dress drawing a tiny cart is exceedingly artistic1 and the same may be said of a pastel showing a small child in a ,dutch high-chair near a window4 ,a third picture--also a pastel--represents a choir-boy in a red robe1 red cap1 and white surplice1 sitting in a high-backed1 carved chair1 holding a book in his hand4 ,miss ,maury really has produced nothing finer than this last4 ,it is a most excellent work4--,the ,mirror1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,april #aj1 #aijb4 b,,mayreder-,,obermayer1 ,,rose4_/b ,born in ,vienna1 #aheh4 ,pupil of ,darnaut and ,charmont4 ,the works of this successful painter of flowers and still-life have been exhibited in ,berlin1 ,vienna1 ,dresden1 and ,chicago4 ,she has a broad1 sure touch quite unusual in water-colors4 ,she has also executed some notable decorative works1 one of which1 ,november1 has attracted much attention4 b,,mccrossan1 ,,mary4_/b ,silver and bronze medals1 ,liverpool2 silver medal and honorable mention1 ,paris4 ,has exhibited at ,royal ,academy1 ,london1 at ,royal ,institute of ,oil ,colors1 and many other ,english and ,scotch exhibitions4 ,member of ,liverpool ,academy of ,arts and of the ,liverpool ,sketching ,club4 ,born in ,liverpool4 ,studied at ,liverpool ,school of ,art under ,john ,finnie2 ,paris1 under ,m4 ,delcluse2 ,st4 ,ives1 ,cornwall1 under ,julius ,ollson4 ,the principal works of this artist are marine subjects and landscapes1 and are mostly in private collections4 ,in the ,studio1 ,november1 #aijj1 we read3 ,miss ,mc,crossan's exhibition of pictures and sketches displayed a pleasant variety of really clever work1 mostly in oils1 with a few water-colors and pastels4 ,in each medium her color is strong1 rich1 and luminous1 and her drawing vigorous and certain4 ,while this artist's landscape subjects are intelligently selected and attractively rendered1 there is unusual merit in her marine pictures1 composed mainly from the fisher-craft of the ,isle of ,man and the neighborhood of ,st4 ,ives1 and recording effects of brilliant sunshine lighting up white herring boats lying idly on intensely reflective blue sea1 or aground on the harbor mud at low tide4 ,there is a fascination in the choice color treatment of these characteristic pictures4 b,,mclaughlin1 ,,mary ,,louise ,m4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahgh2 silver medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi2 gold medal1 ,atlanta1 #ahie2 bronze medal1 ,buffalo1 #aijj4 ,member of the ,society of ,arts1 ,london2 honorary member of ,national ,mineral ,painters' ,league1 ,cincinnati4 ,born in ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,pupil of ,cincinnati ,art ,academy and of ,h4 ,f4 ,farny and ,frank ,duveneck in private classes4 ,miss ,mc,laughlin has painted in oil and water-colors and exhibited in various places1 as indicated by the honors she has received4 ,having practised under- and over-glaze work on pottery1 as well as porcelain etching and decorative etching on metals1 she is now devoting herself to making the porcelain known as ,losanti ,ware4 ,of a recent exhibition1 #aijc1 a critic wrote3 ,perhaps the most beautiful and distinguished group in the exhibition is that of ,miss ,mc,laughlin1 one of the earliest artistic workers in clay of the ,united ,states4 ,she sends a collection of lovely porcelain vases1 of a soft white tone and charming in contour4 ,some of these have open-work borders1 others are decorated in relief1 and the designs are tinted with delicate jade greens1 dark blues1 or salmon pinks4 ,this ware goes by the name of ,losanti1 from the early name of ,cincinnati1 ,l',osantiville4 ,this artist has written several books on china painting and pottery decoration4 b,,mcmanus ,,mansfield1 ,,blanche4_/b ,diplomas from the ,new ,orleans ,centennial and the ,woman's ,department1 ,chicago1 #aijc4 ,member of the ,new ,vagabonds1 ,london1 and the ,touring ,club of ,france4 ,born in ,east ,feliciana ,parish1 ,louisiana1 this artist has made her studies in ,london and ,paris4 ,her principal work has been done in book illustrations4 ,the following list gives some of her most important publications3 ,alice in ,wonderland and ,through the ,looking-,glass4 ,de ,luxe edition in color4 ,new ,york1 #ahii4 ,the ,calendar of ,omar ,khayyam4 ,in color4 ,new ,york1 #aijj4 ,the ,altar ,service4 ,thirty-six wood-cut blocks printed on ,japan vellum4 ,london1 #aijb4 ,the ,coronation ,prayer-,book4 7,wood-cut borders47 ,oxford ,university ,press1 #aijb4 ,cathedrals of ,northern ,france4 ,in collaboration with ,francis ,miltoun4 ,boston and ,london1 #aijc4 ,cathedrals of ,southern ,france4 ,in collaboration with ,francis ,miltoun4 ,sold for publication in ,london and ,boston1 #aijd4 ,a ,dante ,calendar4 ,london1 #aijc4 ,a ,rubaiyat ,calendar4 ,boston1 #aijc4 ,the ,king's ,classics4 7,designs and ,decorations47 ,london1 #aijb-aijc4 ,the ,book of ,days4 ,a ,calendar4 ,sold in ,london for #aijd4 ,after speaking of several works by ,miss ,mc,manus1 a notice from ,london says3 ,a more difficult or at least a more intricate series were the designs cut on wood for ',the ,altar ,service ,book1' just issued in ,london by that newly founded venture1 the ,de ,la ,more ,press2 which has drawn unto itself such scholars as ,dr4 ,furnival1 ,professor ,skeat1 and ,israel ,gollancz4 ,these designs by ,miss ,mc,manus were printed direct from the wood blocks in very limited editions1 on genuine vellum1 on ,japanese vellum1 and a small issue on a real sixteenth-century hand-made paper4 ,the various editions were immediately taken up in ,london on publication2 hence it is unlikely that copies will be generally seen in ,america4 ,illustration3 ,,delft ,,blanche ,mc,m,a,n,u,s ,,mansfield ,we learn1 however1 that the original wood blocks will be shown at the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition1 in the section to be devoted to the work of ,american artists resident abroad4 ,we suggest that all lovers of latter-day bookmaking 'make a note of it1' recalling meanwhile that it was this successful ,american designer who produced also the decorative wood-cut borders and initials which were used in ',the ,coronation ,prayer-,book of ,king ,edward ,,vii41' issued from the celebrated ,oxford ,university ,press4 ,there were forty initials or headings1 embodying the coronation regalia1 including the crown1 sceptre1 rose1 thistle1 shamrock1 etc4 ,the magnificent cover for the book was also designed by this artist4 ,among the ,american artists who have made a distinctive place in art circles1 not only in ,america but on 'the other side1' is ,mrs4 ,m4 ,f4 ,mansfield1 formerly ,blanche ,mc,manus of ,woodville1 ,mississippi4 ,in ,london she is widely known as a skilful1 able1 and versatile artist1 and her remarkable success there is an illustration of 'the ,american invasion4' ,little has been written in ,america1 especially in the ,south1 of what this talented ,southern woman has accomplished4 ,she has never sought personal advertisement2 on the contrary1 she has shrunk from any kind of publicity--even that which would have accrued from a proper valuation of her work4 ,she is one of those artists whose talent is equalled only by her modesty1 who1 enamoured of her art and aiming at a patient1 painstaking realization of her ideal1 has been content to work on in silence4 ,in the estimation of art connoisseurs1 ,blanche ,mc,manus is an artist of unquestionable talent and varied composition1 who has already done much striking work4 ,her execution in the various branches has attracted international attention4 ,she paints well in water-colors and in oil1 and her etching is considered excellent4 ,her drawing is stamped good1 and every year she has showed rapid improvement in design4 ,she is a highly cultivated woman1 with a close and accurate observation4 ,a sincere appreciation of nature was revealed in her earliest efforts1 and for some years she devoted much time to its study4 ,moring's ,quarterly says in regard to the special work which ,mrs4 ,mansfield has done3 ,it is so seldom that an artist is able to take in hand what may be termed the entire decoration of a book--including in that phrase cover1 illustration1 colophon1 head- and tail-pieces1 initial letters1 and borders--that it is a pleasure to find in the subject of our paper a lady who may be said to be capable of taking all these points into consideration in the embellishment of a volume4 b,,medici1 ,,marie ,,de'4_/b ,wife of ,henry ,,iv4 ,born at ,florence1 #aegc2 died at ,cologne1 #afdb4 ,a portrait of herself1 engraved on wood1 bears the legend1 ,maria ,medici ,f4 ,,mdlxxxii4 ,another portrait of a girl1 attributed to her1 is signed1 ,l4 ,o4 #afag4 ,it may be considered a matter of grave doubt whether the nine-year-old girl drew and engraved with her own hand the first-named charming picture1 which has been credited to her with such frank insouciance4 b,,mengs1 ,,anna ,,maria4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,san ,fernando4 ,she was a daughter of ,anton ,rafael ,mengs1 and was born in ,dresden in #agea1 where she received instruction from her father4 ,in #aggg she married the engraver ,salvador ,carmona in ,rome1 and went with him to ,spain1 where she died in #agij4 ,portraits and miniatures of excellent quality were executed by her1 and on them her reputation rests4 b,,merian1 ,,maria ,,sibylla4_/b ,born at ,frankfort-on-the-,main in #afdg4 ,this artist merits our attention1 although her art was devoted to an unusual purpose4 ,her father was a learned geographer and engraver whose published works are voluminous4 ,her maternal grandfather was the eminent engraver1 ,theodore de ,bry or ,brie4 ,from her childhood ,anna ,sibylla ,merian displayed an aptitude for drawing and a special interest in insect life4 ,the latter greatly disturbed her mother1 but she could not turn the child's attention from entomology1 and was forced to allow that study to become her chief pursuit4 ,the flower painter1 ,abraham ,mignon1 was her master in drawing and painting2 but at an early age1 before her studies were well advanced1 she married an architect1 ,john ,andrew ,graf1 of ,nuremberg1 with whom she lived unhappily4 ,she passed nearly twenty years in great seclusion1 and1 as she tells us in the preface to one of her books1 she devoted these years to the examination and study of various insects1 watching their transformations and making drawings from them4 ,many of these were in colors on parchment and were readily sold to connoisseurs4 ,her first published work was called ,the ,wonderful ,transformations of ,caterpillars4 ,it appeared in #afgi1 was fully illustrated by copper plate engravings1 executed by herself from her own designs4 ,about #afhd she separated from her husband1 and with her daughters returned to ,frankfort4 ,many interesting stories are told of her life there4 ,she made a journey to ,friesland and was a convert to the doctrines of ,labadie1 but she was still devoted to her study and research4 ,she was associated with the notable men of her time1 and became the friend of the father of ,rachel ,ruysch4 ,although ,madame ,merian1 who had taken her maiden name1 was seventeen years older than the gifted flower painter1 she became to her an example of industry and devotion to study4 ,madame ,merian had long desired to examine the insects of ,surinam1 and in #afii1 by the aid of the ,dutch ,government1 she made the journey--of which a ,french poet wrote3 ,sibylla ,surinam va chercher la nature1 ,avec l'esprit d'un ,sage1 et le coeur d'un ,heros --which indicates the view then held of a journey which would now attract no attention4 ,while in ,guiana some natives brought her a box filled with lantern flies1 as they were then called4 ,the noise they made at night was so disturbing that she liberated them1 and the flies1 regaining liberty1 flashed out their most brilliant light1 for which ,madame ,merian was unprepared1 and in her surprise dropped the box4 ,from this circumstance a most exaggerated idea obtained concerning the illuminating power of the flies4 ,the climate of ,surinam was so unhealthy for ,madame ,merian that she could remain there but two years1 and in that time she gathered the materials for her great work called ,metamorphoses ,insectorum ,surinamensium1 etc4 ,the illustrations were her own1 and she pictured many most interesting objects--animals and vegetables as well as insects--which were quite unknown in ,europe4 ,several editions of this book were published both in ,german and ,french4 ,her plates are still approved and testify to the scope and thoroughness of her research1 as well as to her powers as an artist4 ,her chief work1 however1 was a ,history of the ,insects of ,europe1 ,drawn from ,nature1 and ,explained by ,maria ,sibylla ,merian4 ,the illustrations of this work were beautiful and of great interest1 as the insects1 from their first state to their last1 were represented with the plants and flowers which they loved1 each object being correctly and tastefully pictured4 ,most of the original paintings for these works are in the ,british ,museum4 ,in the ,vienna ,gallery is a ,basket of ,flowers by this artist1 and in the ,basle ,museum a picture of ,locust and ,chafers4 ,the daughters of this learned artist naturalist1 ,joanna ,maria ,helena and ,dorothea1 shared the pursuits and labors of their mother1 and it was her intention to publish their drawings as an appendix to her works4 ,she did not live to do this1 and later the daughters published a separate volume of their own4 ,this extraordinary woman1 whose studies and writings added so much to the knowledge of her time1 was neither beautiful nor graceful4 ,her portraits present a woman with hard and heavy features1 her hair in short curls surmounted by a stiff and curious headdress1 made of folds of some black stuff4 b,,merritt1 ,,mrs4 ,,anna ,,lea4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi2 two medals and a diploma1 ,chicago ,exposition1 #ahic4 ,in #ahij her picture of ,love ,locked ,out was purchased by the ,chantry fund1 ,london1 for two hundred and fifty pounds4 ,this honor has been accorded to few women1 and of these ,i think ,mrs4 ,merritt was first4 ,member of the ,royal ,society of ,painter-,etchers4 ,born in ,philadelphia4 ,pupil of ,heinrich ,hoffman in ,dresden1 and of ,henry ,merritt--whom she married--in ,london4 ,mrs4 ,merritt has a home in ,hampshire1 ,england1 but is frequently in ,philadelphia1 where she exhibits her pictures1 which have also been seen at the ,royal ,academy since #ahga4 ,this artist is represented by her pictures in the ,national ,gallery of ,british ,art1 in the ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 and by her portrait of ,mr4 ,james ,russell ,lowell in ,memorial ,hall1 ,harvard ,university4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,michis1 ,,maria4_/b ,see ,cattaneo4 b,,milbacher1 ,,louise ,,von4_/b ,prize at ,berlin in #ahhf4 ,born at ,bhmischbrod1 #ahde4 ,pupil of ,pnninger and ,eisenmenger4 ,a painter of portraits and of sacred and genre subjects4 ,three of her portraits are well known--those of ,baron ,thienen1 ,general von ,neuwirth1 and ,baron ,eber-,eschenbach4 ,the altar-piece in the chapel of the ,vienna ,institute1 a ,holy ,family1 is by this artist4 ,she has also painted still-life and animal subjects4 b,,modigliani1 ,,signorina ,,corinna4_/b ,silver medal at ,turin ,exposition1 #ahih2 silver medal at the ,exposition of ,feminine ,art1 #ahii1 #aijj2 diploma at ,leghorn1 #aija2 gold medal4 ,member of the ,international ,artistic ,association4 ,born in ,rome4 ,pupil of ,professore ,commendatore ,pietro ,vanni4 ,this artist has exhibited her works in the ,expositions of ,rome1 ,turin1 ,milan1 ,leghorn1 ,munich1 ,petersburg1 and ,paris since #ahig1 and will contribute to the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,her pictures have been sold in ,paris1 ,london1 and ,ireland1 as well as in ,rome and other ,italian cities1 where many of them are in the collections of distinguished families4 b,,moldura1 ,,lilla4_/b ,a ,neapolitan painter4 ,her father was an ,italian and her mother a ,spaniard4 ,she was instructed in the elements of art by various excellent teachers1 and then studied oil painting under ,maldarelli and water-color under ,mancini4 ,she has often exhibited pictures in ,naples1 to the satisfaction of both artists and critics1 and has also won success in ,london4 ,she has been almost equally happy in views of the picturesque ,campagna1 and in interiors1 both in oil and water-colors4 ,the interior of the ,chapel of the ,immaculate ,conception1 in the ,church of the ,gerolamini1 is strong in execution and good in drawing and color4 b,m,,ller1 ,,agnes ,,slott4_/b ,born in #ahfb4 ,resides in ,copenhagen4 ,the especial work of this artist1 by which her reputation is world-wide1 is the illustration of old legends for children's books4 b,,montalba1 ,,clara4_/b ,associate of the ,society of ,painters in ,water-,colors1 ,london1 and of the ,belgian ,society of ,water-,colorists4 ,born in ,cheltenham1 #ahdb4 ,pupil of ,isabey in ,paris4 ,her professional life has been spent in ,london and ,venice4 ,she has sent her pictures to the ,academy and the ,grosvenor ,gallery exhibitions since #ahgi4 ,blessing a ,tomb1 ,westminster1 was at the ,philadelphia ,exposition1 #ahgf2 ,corner of ,st4 ,mark's and ,fishing ,boats1 ,venice1 were at ,paris1 #ahgh4 ,in #ahgd she exhibited at the ,society of ,british ,artists1 ,il ,giardino ,publico--the ,public ,garden--of which a writer in the ,art ,journal said3 ',il ,giardino ,publico' stands foremost among the few redeeming features of the exhibition4 ,in delicate perception of natural beauty the picture suggests the example of ,corot4 ,like the great ,frenchman1 ,miss ,montalba strives to interpret the sadder moods of nature1 when the wind moves the water a little mournfully and the outlines of the objects become uncertain in the filmy air4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,moretto1 ,,emma4_/b ,venetian painter1 exhibited at ,naples1 in #ahgg1 ,abbey of ,st4 ,gregory at ,venice2 at ,turin1 in #ahhj1 a fine view of the ,canal of the ,giudecca1 and ,canal of ,s4 ,giorgio2 at the ,national ,exposition in ,milan1 #ahha1 ,sunset and a marine view2 at ,rome1 in #ahhc1 ,excursion on the ,lagoon4 ,still others of the same general character are3 ,a ,gondola1 ,at ,st4 ,mark's1 ,grand ,canal1 ,morning at ,sea1 etc4 b,,moron1 ,,therese ,,concordia4_/b ,born in ,dresden1 #agbe2 died in ,rome1 #ahjf4 ,pupil1 of her father1 ,ismael ,mengs4 ,her attention was divided between enamel painting and pastel1 much of the latter being miniature work4 ,in the ,dresden ,gallery are two of her pastel portraits and two copies in miniature of ,correggio1 viz41 a half-length portrait of herself and a portrait of her sister1 ,julie ,mengs2 a copy of ,st4 ,jerome1 or ,the ,day--original in ,parma--and ,the ,night4 ,a curious story has recently been published to the effect that in #agfg this artist sent word to ,duke ,xavier of ,saxony that during the ,seven ,years' ,war she painted a copy in miniature of ,correggio's ,holy ,mother with the ,christ ,child1 ,mary ,magdalen1 ,hieronymus1 and ,two ,angels1 which she sent by ,cardinal ,albani to the ,duke's father--,frederick ,augustus ,,ii4 of ,saxony and ,augustus ,,iii4 of ,poland--at ,warsaw4 ,it was claimed that two hundred and fifty ducats were due her4 ,apparently the demand was not met2 but1 on the other hand1 the lady seems to have received for some years a pension of three hundred thalers from the ,electorate of ,saxony without making any return4 ,probably her claim was satisfied by this pension4 b,,moser1 ,,mary4_/b ,one of the original members of the ,london ,academy4 ,the daughter of a ,german artist1 who resided in ,london4 ,she was as well known for her wit as for her art4 ,a friend of ,fuseli1 she was said to be as much in love with him as he was in love with ,angelica ,kauffman4 ,dr4 ,johnson sometimes met ,miss ,moser at the house of ,nollekens1 where they made merry over a cup of tea4 ,queen ,charlotte commissioned this painter to decorate a chamber1 for which work she paid more than nine hundred pounds1 and was so well pleased that she complimented the artist by commanding the apartment to be called ,miss ,moser's ,room4 b,,mott1 ,,mrs4 ,,alice4_/b ,born at ,walton on ,thames4 ,pupil of the ,slade ,school and ,royal ,academy in ,london1 and of ,m4 ,charles ,chaplin in ,paris in his studio4 ,a miniaturist whose works are much esteemed4 ,her work is life-like1 artistic1 and strong in drawing1 color1 and composition4 ,after finishing her study under masters she took up miniature painting by herself1 studying the works of old miniaturists4 ,recently she writes me3 ,i have departed from the ordinary portrait miniature1 and am now painting what ,i call picture miniatures4 ,for instance1 ,i am now at work on the portrait of ,miss ,d4 ,c41 who is in old-fashioned dress1 low bodice1 and long leg-of-mutton sleeves4 ,she is represented as running in the open1 with sky and tree background4 ,she has a butterfly net over her shoulder1 which floats out on the wind2 she is looking up and smiling2 her hair and her sash are blown out4 ,it is to be called1 ',i'd be a ,butterfly4' ,the dress is the yellow of the common butterfly4 ,it is a large miniature4 ,i hope to send it1 with others1 to the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,her miniatures are numerous and in private hands4 ,a very interesting one belongs to the ,bishop of ,ripon and is a portrait of ,mrs4 ,carpenter1 his mother4 b,,muntz1 ,,laura ,a4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,murray1 ,,elizabeth4_/b ,member of the ,institute of ,painters in ,water-,colors1 ,london1 and of the ,american ,society of ,water-,color ,painters1 ,new ,york4 ,her pictures are of genre subjects1 many of them being of ,oriental figures4 ,among these are ,music in ,morocco1 ,a ,moorish ,saint1 ,the ,greek ,betrothed1 etc4 ,other subjects are ,the ,gipsy ,queen1 ,dalmatian ,peasant1 ,the ,old ,story in ,spain1 etc4 b,,nathan1 ,,signora ,,liliah ,,ascoli4_/b ,rome4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,negro1 ,,teresa4_/b ,born in ,turin1 where she resides4 ,she has made a study of antique pottery and has been successful in its imitation4 ,her vases and amphorae have been frequently exhibited and are praised by connoisseurs and critics4 ,at the ,italian ,national ,exposition1 #ahhj1 she exhibited a terra-cotta reproduction of a classic design1 painted in oils2 also a wooden dish which resembled an antique ceramic4 b,,nelli1 ,,plautilla4_/b ,there is a curious fact connected with two women artists of ,florence in the middle of the sixteenth century4 ,in that city of pageants--where ,ghirlandajo saw1 in the streets1 in churches1 and on various ceremonial occasions1 the beautiful women with whom he still makes us acquainted--these ladies1 daughters of noble ,florentine families1 were nuns4 ,no ,shakespearean dissector has1 to my knowledge1 affirmed that ,hamlet's advice to ,ophelia1 ,get thee to a nunnery1 and his assertion1 ,i have heard of your paintings1 too1 prove that ,ophelia was an artist and a nunnery a favorable place in which to set up a studio4 ,yet ,i think ,i could make this assumption as convincing as many that have been proved by the post obitum atomizers of the great poet's every word4 ,but we have not far to seek for the reasons which led ,plautilla ,nelli and ,maria ,maddalena de' ,pazzi to choose the conventual life4 ,the subjects of their pictures prove that their thoughts were fixed on a life quite out of tune with that which surrounded them in their homes4 ,if they pictured rich draperies and rare gems1 it was but to adorn with them the ,blessed ,virgin ,mother and the holy saints1 in token of their belief that all of pomp and value in this life can but faintly symbolize the glory of the life to come4 ,plautilla ,nelli1 born in ,florence in #aebc1 entered the convent of ,st4 ,catherine of ,siena1 in her native city1 and in time became its abbess4 ,patiently1 with earnest prayer1 she studied and copied the works of ,fra ,bartolommeo and ,andrea del ,sarto1 until she was able to paint an original ,adoration of the ,magi of such excellence as to secure her a place among the painters of ,florence4 ,many of her pictures remained in her convent1 but she also painted a ,madonna ,surrounded by ,saints for the choir of ,santa ,lucia at ,pistoja4 ,there are pictures attributed to ,plautilla ,nelli in ,berlin--notably the ,visit of ,martha to ,christ1--which are characterized by the earnestness1 purity1 and grace of her beloved ,fra ,bartolommeo4 ,her ,adoration of the ,wise ,men is at ,parma2 the ,descent from the ,cross in ,florence2 the ,last ,supper in the church of ,santa ,maria ,novella1 ,florence4 ,there are traditions of her success as a teacher of painting in her convent1 but of this we have no exact knowledge such as we have of the work of the ,suor ,plautilla1 the name by which she came to be known in all ,italy4 b,,nemes-,,ransonnett1 ,,countess ,,elisa4_/b ,born at ,vienna1 #ahdc4 ,she studied successively with ,vastagh1 ,lulos1 ,aigner1 ,schilcher1 ,lenbach1 ,angeli1 and ,j4 ,benczur1 and opened her studio at ,kun ,szent ,miklos near ,budapest4 ,the ,invitation to the ,wedding was well received1 and her portraits of ,schiller and ,perczel are in public galleries--the former in the ,vienna ,knstlerhaus1 and the latter in the ,deputy ,house at ,budapest4 b,,newcomb1 ,,maria ,,guise4_/b ,born in ,new ,jersey4 ,pupil of ,schenck1 ,chialiva1 and ,edouard ,detaille in ,paris4 ,travelled in ,algeria and the ,sahara1 studying the ,arab and his horses4 ,very few artists can be compared with ,miss ,newcomb in representing horses4 ,she has a genius for portraying this animal1 and understands its anatomy as few painters have done4 ,she was but a child when sketching horses and cattle was her pastime1 and so great was her fondness for it that the usual dolls and other toys were crowded out of her life4 ,her studies in ,paris were comprehensive1 and her work shows the results and places her among the distinguished painters of animals4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,ney1 ,,elisabeth4_/b ,born in #ahcj4 ,after studying at the ,academy in ,berlin1 this sculptor went to ,munich1 where she was devoted to her art4 ,she then came to ,texas and remained some years in ,america4 ,she returned to ,berlin in #ahig4 ,among her best known works are busts of ,garibaldi1 of ,j4 ,grimm1 #ahfc1 ,prometheus ,bound1 #ahfh1 and a statue of ,louis ,,ii4 of ,bavaria4 b,,nicholls1 ,,mrs4 ,,rhoda ,,holmes4_/b ,queen's ,scholarship1 ,bloomsbury ,art ,school1 ,london2 gold medal1 ,competitive ,prize ,fund ,exhibition1 ,new ,york2 medal1 ,chicago ,exposition1 #ahic2 medal1 ,tennessee ,exposition1 #ahig2 bronze medal at ,buffalo ,exposition1 #aija4 ,member of ,american ,water-,color ,society1 ,new ,york ,water-,color ,society1 ,woman's ,art ,club1 ,american ,society of ,miniature ,painters1 ,pen and ,brush ,club2 honorable member of ,woman's ,art ,club1 ,canada4 ,born in ,coventry1 ,england4 ,pupil of ,bloomsbury ,school of ,art1 ,london2 of ,cannerano and ,vertunni in ,rome1 where she was elected to the ,circolo ,artistico and the ,societ degli ,aquarelliste4 ,her pictures are chiefly figure subjects1 among which are ,those ,evening ,bells1 ,the ,scarlet ,letter1 ,a ,daughter of ,eve1 ,indian after the ,chase1 ,searching the ,scriptures1 etc4 ,in the ,studio1 ,march1 #aija1 in writing of the exhibition of the ,american ,water-,color ,society1 the critic says3 ,in her two works1 ',cherries' and ',a ,rose1' ,mrs4 ,rhoda ,holmes ,nicholls shows us a true water-color executed by a master hand4 ,the subject of each is slight2 each stroke of her brush is made once and for all1 with a precision and dash that are inspiriting2 and you have in each painting the sparkle1 the deft lightness of touch1 the instantaneous impression of form and coloring that a water-color should have4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,indian ,,after ,,the ,,chase ,,rhoda ,,holmes ,,nichols ,mrs4 ,nicholls is also known as an illustrator4 ,harold ,payne says of her3 ,rhoda ,holmes ,nicholls1 although an illustrator of the highest order1 cannot be strictly classed as one1 for the reason that she is equally great in every other branch of art4 ,however1 as many of her best examples of water-colors are ultimately reproduced for illustrative purposes1 and as even her oil paintings frequently find their way into the pages of art publications1 it is not wrong to denominate her as an illustrator1 and that of the most varied and prolific type4 ,she may1 like most artists1 have a specialty1 but a walk through her studio and a critical examination of her work--ranging all along the line of oil paintings1 water-colors of the most exquisite type1 wash drawings1 crayons1 and pastels--would scarcely result in discovering her specialty4444 ,as a colorist she has few rivals1 and her acute knowledge of drawing and genius for composition are apparent in everything she does4 b,,nichols1 ,,catherine ,,maude1 ,r4 ,e4_/b ,the pictures of this artist have been hung on the line at the ,royal ,academy exhibitions a dozen times at least4 ,from ,munich she has received an official letter thanking her for sending her works to exhibitions in that city4 ,fellow of the ,royal ,painter-,etchers' ,society2 president of the ,woodpecker ,art ,club1 ,norwich2 ,member of ,norwich ,art ,circle and of a ,miniature ,painters' ,society and the ,green ,park ,club1 ,london4 ,born in ,norwich4 ,self-taught4 ,has worked in the open at ,barbizon1 in ,normandy1 in ,cornwall1 ,devon1 ,london1 and all around the east coast of ,norfolk4 ,miss ,nichols has held three exhibitions of her pictures both in oil and water-colors in ,london4 ,she has executed more than a hundred copper plates1 chiefly dry-points4 ,the pictures in oils and water-colors1 the miniatures and the proofs of her works have found purchasers1 almost without exception1 and are in private hands4 ,most of the plates she has retained4 ,miss ,nichols has illustrated some books1 her own poems being of the number1 as well as her ,old ,norwich4 ,she has also made illustrations for journals and magazines4 ,one is impressed most agreeably with the absence of mannerism in ,miss ,nichols' work1 as well as with the pronounced artistic treatment of her subjects4 ,her sketches of sea and river scenery are attractive2 the views from her home county1 ,norfolk1 have a delightful feeling about them4 ,norwich ,river at ,evening is not only a charming picture1 but shows1 in its perspective and its values1 the hand of a skilful artist4 ,mousehold ,heath1 showing a rough and broken country1 is one of her strongest pictures in oils2 ,stretching to the ,sea is also excellent4 ,among the water-colors ,strangers' ,hall1 ,norwich1 and ,fleeting ,clouds1 merit attention1 as do a number of others4 ,one could rarely see so many works1 with such varied subjects1 treated in oils1 water-colors1 dry point1 etc41 by the same artist4 ,i quote the following paragraph from the ,studio of ,april1 #aijc3 ,miss ,c4 ,m4 ,nichols is an artist of unquestionable talent1 and her work in the various mediums she employs deserves careful attention4 ,she paints well both in water-colors and in oil1 and her etchings are among the best that the lady artists of our time have produced4 ,her drawing is good1 her observation is close and accurate1 and she shows year by year an improvement in design4 ,miss ,nichols was for several years the only lady fellow of the ,royal ,society of ,painter-,etchers4 ,her ,brancaster ,staithe and ,fir ,trees1 ,crown ,point1 dry points1 are in the ,norwich ,art ,gallery1 presented by ,sir ,seymour ,haden1 president of the ,royal ,society of ,painter-,etchers4 ,two of her works1 a large oil painting of ,earlham and a water-color of ,strangers' ,hall1 have been purchased by subscription and presented to the ,norwich ,castle ,art ,gallery4 b,,nicolau ,y ,,parody1 ,,teresa4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,san ,fernando and of the ,academy of ,san ,carlos of ,valencia4 ,this artist1 who was born in ,madrid1 early showed an enthusiasm for painting1 which she at first practised in various styles1 but gradually devoted herself entirely to miniature4 ,she has contributed to many public exhibitions1 and has received many prizes and honorable mentions1 as well as praise from the critics4 ,among her portraits are those of ,isabel de ,braganza1 ,washington1 ,mme4 de ,montespan1 ,mme4 ,dubarry1 ,queen ,margaret of ,austria1 and ,don ,carlos1 son of ,philip ,,ii4 ,her other works include a ,magdalen in the ,desert1 ,laura and ,petrarch1 ,joseph with the ,christ-,child1 ,francis ,i4 at the ,battle of ,pavia1 and many good copies after celebrated painters4 b,,niederh,,usen1 ,,mlle4 ,,sophie4_/b ,medal at the ,swiss ,national ,exposition1 #ahif4 ,member of the ,exposition permanente de l',athne1 ,geneva4 ,born at ,geneva4 ,pupil of ,professor ,wymann and ,m4 ,albert ,gos1 and of ,m4 and ,mme4 ,demont-,breton in ,france4 ,mlle4 ,niederhusen paints landscapes principally1 and has taken her subjects from the environs of ,geneva1 in the ,valais1 and in ,pas-de-,calais1 ,france4 ,her picture1 called the ,bord du ,lac de ,genve1 was purchased by the city and is in the ,rath ,museum4 ,she also paints flowers1 and uses water-colors as well as oils4 b,,nobili1 ,,elena4_/b ,silver medal at the ,beatrice ,exposition1 ,florence1 #ahij4 ,born in ,florence1 where she resides4 ,she is most successful in figure subjects4 ,she is sympathetic in her treatment of them and is able to impart to her works a sentiment which appeals to the observer4 ,among her pictures are ,reietti1 ,the ,good-,natured ,one1 ,september1 ,in the ,country1 ,music1 and ,contrasts4 b,,normand1 ,,mrs4 ,,ernest--,,henrietta ,,rae4_/b ,medals in ,paris and at ,chicago ,exposition1 #ahic4 ,born in ,london1 #ahei4 ,daughter of ,t4 ,b4 ,rae1 ,esquire4 ,married the artist1 ,ernest ,normand1 #ahhd4 ,pupil of ,queen's ,square ,school of ,art1 ,heatherley's1 ,british ,museum1 and ,royal ,academy ,schools4 ,began the study of art at the age of thirteen4 ,first exhibited at the ,royal ,academy in #ahhj1 and has sent important pictures there annually since that time4 ,mrs4 ,normand executed decorative frescoes in the ,royal ,exchange1 ,london1 the subject being ,sir ,richard ,whittington and ,his ,charities4 ,in the past ten years she has exhibited ,mariana1 #ahic2 ,psyche at the ,throne of ,venus1 #ahid2 ,apollo and ,daphne1 #ahie2 ,summer1 #ahif2 ,isabella1 #ahig2 ,diana and ,calisto1 #ahii2 ,portrait of ,marquis of ,dufferin and ,ava1 #aija2 ,lady ,winifred ,renshaw and ,son1 and the ,sirens1 #aijc1 which is a picture of three nude enchantresses1 on a sandy shore1 watching a distant galley among rocky islets4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,nourse1 ,,elizabeth4_/b ,medal at ,chicago ,exposition1 #aijc2 ,nashville ,exposition1 #ahig2 ,carthage ,institute1 ,tunis1 #ahig2 elected associate of the ,beaux-,arts1 ,paris1 #ahie2 silver medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 elected ,socitaire des ,beaux-,arts1 #aija4 ,born in ,cincinnati1 ,ohio1 where she began her studies1 later going to the ,julian ,academy1 under ,boulanger and ,lefebvre1 and afterward studying with ,carolus ,duran and ,henner4 ,this artist idealizes the subjects of every-day1 practical life1 and gives them a poetic quality which is an uncommon and delightful attainment4 ,at the ,salon des ,beaux-,arts1 #aijb1 ,miss ,nourse exhibited ,the ,children1 ,evening ,toilet of the ,baby1 ,in the ,shade at ,pen'march1 ,brother and ,sister at ,pen'march1 ,the ,madeleine ,chapel at ,pen'march4 ,in #aijc1 ,our ,lady of ,joy1 ,pen'march1 ,around the ,cradle1 ,the ,little ,sister1 and ,a ,breton ,interior4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,oakley1 ,,violet4_/b ,member of ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 ,philadelphia ,water-,color ,club1 ,plastic ,club1 ,philadelphia4 ,born in ,new ,jersey1 but has lived in ,new ,york1 where she studied at the ,art ,students' ,league under ,carroll ,beckwith4 ,pupil of ,collin and ,aman-,jean in ,paris and ,charles ,lasar in ,england2 also in ,philadelphia of ,joseph de ,camp1 ,henry ,thouron1 ,cecilia ,beaux1 and ,howard ,pyle4 ,miss ,oakley has executed mural decorations1 a mosaic reredos1 and five stained-glass windows in the ,church of ,all ,saints1 ,new ,york ,city1 and a window in the ,convent of the ,holy ,child1 at ,sharon ,hill1 ,pennsylvania4 ,in the summer of #aijc she was commissioned to decorate the walls of the ,governor's reception room in the new ,capitol at ,harrisburg4 ,before engaging in this work--the first of its kind to be confided to an ,american woman--,miss ,oakley went to ,italy to study mural painting4 ,she then went to ,england to thoroughly inform herself concerning the historical foundation of her subject1 the history of the earliest days of ,pennsylvania4 ,at ,oxford and in ,london she found what she required1 and on her return to ,america established herself in a studio in ,villa ,nova1 ,pennsylvania1 to make her designs for ,the ,romance of the ,founding of the ,state1 which is to be painted on a frieze five feet deep4 ,the room is seventy by thirty feet1 and sixteen feet in height4 ,the decoration of this ,capitol is to be more elaborate and costly than that of any other public edifice in the ,united ,states4 ,in mural decoration ,miss ,oakley will be associated with ,edwin ,a4 ,abbey1 but the ,governor's room is to be her work entirely1 and will doubtless occupy her during several years4 ,mr ,charles ,a4 ,caffin1 in his article upon the exhibition of the ,new ,york ,water-,color ,club1 ,january1 #aijd1 says3 ,miss ,oakley has had considerable experience in designing stained-glass windows1 and has reproduced in some of her designs for book covers a corresponding treatment of the composition1 with an attempt1 not very logical or desirable1 considering the differences between paint and glass1 to reproduce also something of her window color schemes4444 ,but for myself1 her cover1 in which some girls are picking flowers1 is far more charming in its easy grace of composition1 choice gravity of color1 and spontaneity of feeling4 ,here is revealed a very nave imagination1 free of any obsessions4 b,,occioni1 ,,signora ,,lucilla ,,marzolo4_/b ,diploma of gold medal at the ,women's ,exhibition1 ,earl's ,court1 ,london1 #aijj4 ,born in ,trieste4 ,pupil1 in ,rome1 of ,professor ,giuseppe ,ferrari4 ,this artist paints figure subjects1 portraits1 landscapes1 and flowers1 in both oils and water-colors1 and also makes pen-drawings4 ,her works are in many private galleries4 ,she gives me no list of subjects4 ,her pictures have been praised by critics4 b,o',,connell1 ,,frederique ,,emilie ,,auguste ,,miethe4_/b ,born in ,potsdam4 #ahbc-ahhe4 ,she passed her early life in her native city1 having all the advantages of a solid and brilliant education4 ,she early exhibited a love of drawing and devoted herself to the study of anatomical plates4 ,she soon designed original subjects and introduced persons of her own imagination1 which early marked her as powerful in her fancy and original in her manner of rendering her ideas4 ,a picture of ,raphael and the ,fornarina1 which she executed at the age of fifteen1 was so satisfactory as to determine her fate1 and she was allowed to study art4 ,when about eighteen years old she became the pupil of ,charles ,joseph ,begas1 a very celebrated artist of ,berlin4 ,under his supervision she painted her first picture1 called the ,day of the ,dupes1 which1 though full of faults1 had also virtues enough to secure much attention in the exhibition4 ,it was first hung in a disadvantageous position1 but the crowd discovered its merits and would have it noticed4 ,she received a complimentary letter from the ,academy of ,berlin1 and the venerable artist ,cornelius made her a visit of congratulation4 ,about #ahdd she married and removed to ,brussels4 ,here she came into an entirely new atmosphere and her manner of painting was changed4 ,she sought to free herself from all outer influence and to express her own feeling4 ,she studied color especially1 and became an imitator of ,rubens4 ,she gained in ,brussels all the medals of the ,belgian expositions1 and there began two historical pictures1 ,peter the ,great and ,catherine and ,maria ,theresa and ,frederick the ,great4 ,these were not finished until after her removal to ,paris in #ahec4 ,they were bought by ,prince ,demidoff for the ,russian ,government4 ,she obtained her first triumph in ,paris1 at the ,salon of #ahec1 by a portrait of ,rachel4 ,she represented the famous actress dressed entirely in white1 with the worn expression which her professional exertions and the fatal malady from which she was already suffering had given to her remarkable face4 ,the critics had no words for this portrait which were not words of praise1 and two years later1 in #ahee1 ,madame ,o',connell reached the height of her talent4 ,a ,faunesse1 as it was called1 in the exposition of that year1 was a remarkable work1 and thus described by ,barty3 ,a strong and beautiful young woman was seated near a spring1 where beneath the shade of the chestnut trees the water lilies spread themselves out upon the stream which flowed forth4 ,she was nude and her flesh palpitated beneath the caresses of the sun4 ,with feminine caprice she wore a bracelet of pearls of the style of the gold workers of the ,renaissance4 ,her black hair had lights of golden brown upon it1 and she opened her great brown eyes with an expression of indifference4 ,a half smile played upon her rosy lips and lessened the oval of the face like that of the ',dancing ,faun4' ,the whole effect of the lines of the figure was bold and gave an appearance of youth1 the extremities were studiously finished1 the skin was fine1 and the whole tournure elegant4 ,it was a ,faunesse of ,fontainebleau of the time of the ,valois4 ,mme4 ,o',connell then executed several fine portraits--two of ,rachel1 one of ,m4 ,o',connell1 others of ,charles ,edward and ,thophile ,gautier1 which were likened to works of ,vandyck1 and a portrait in crayon of herself which was a chef-d'oeuvre4 ,she excelled in rendering passionate natures2 she found in her palette the secret of that pallor which spreads itself over the faces of those devoted to study--the fatigues of days and nights without sleep2 she knew how to kindle the feverish light in the eyes of poets and of the women of society4 ,she worked with great freedom1 used a thick pte in which she brushed freely and left the ridges thus made in the colors2 then1 later1 she put over a glaze1 and all was done4 ,her etchings were also executed with great freedom1 and many parts1 especially the hair1 were remarkably fine4 ,she finished numerous etchings1 among which a ,st4 ,magdalen in the ,desert and a ,charity ,surrounded by ,children are worthy of particular notice4 ,after ,madame ,o',connell removed to ,paris she opened a large atelier and received many pupils4 ,it was a most attractive place1 with gorgeous pieces of antique furniture1 loaded with models of sculpture1 books1 albums1 engravings1 and so on1 while draperies1 tapestries1 armor1 and ornaments in copper and brass all lent their colors and effects to enhance the attractions of the place4 ,many persons of rank and genius were among the friends of the artist and she was much in society4 ,in spite of all her talent and all her success the end of ,madame ,o',connell's life was sad beyond expression4 ,her health suffered1 her reason tottered and faded out1 yet life remained and she was for years in an asylum for the insane4 ,everything that had surrounded her in her ,paris home was sold at auction4 ,no time was given and no attempt was made to bring her friends together4 ,no one who had known or loved her was there to shed a tear or to bear away a memento of her happy past4 ,all the beautiful things of which we have spoken were sacrificed and scattered as unconscionably as if she had never loved or her friends enjoyed them4 ,in the busy world of ,paris no one remembered the brilliant woman who had flashed upon them1 gained her place among them1 and then disappeared4 ,they recalled neither her genius nor her womanly qualities which they had admired1 appreciated1 and so soon forgotten6 b,,oosterwyck1 ,,maria ,,van4_/b ,the seventeenth century is remarkable for the perfection attained in still-life and flower painting4 ,the most famous masters in this art were ,william van ,aelst of ,delft1 the brothers ,de ,heem of ,utrecht1 ,william ,kalf and the ,van ,huysums of ,amsterdam4 ,the last of this name1 however1 ,jan van ,huysum1 belongs to the next century4 ,maria van ,oosterwyck and ,rachel ,ruysch disputed honors with the above named and are still famous for their talents4 ,the former was a daughter of a preacher of the reformed religion4 ,she was born at ,nootdorp1 near ,delft1 in #afcj4 ,she was the pupil of ,jan ,david de ,heem1 and her pictures were remarkable for accuracy in drawing1 fine coloring1 and an admirable finish4 ,louis ,,xiv4 of ,france1 ,william ,,iii4 of ,england1 the ,emperor ,leopold of ,germany1 and ,augustus ,i4 of ,poland gave her commissions for pictures4 ,large prices were paid her in a most deferential manner1 as if the tributes of friendship rather than the reward of labor1 and to these generous sums were added gifts of jewels and other precious objects4 ,of ,maria van ,oosterwyck ,kugler writes3 ,in my opinion she does not occupy that place in the history of the art of this period that she deserves1 which may be partly owing to the rarity of her pictures1 especially in public galleries4 ,for although her flower pieces are weak in arrangement and often gaudy in the combination of color1 she yet represents her flowers with the utmost truth of drawing1 and with a depth1 brilliancy1 and juiciness of local coloring unattained by any other flower painter ,a picture in the ,vienna ,gallery of a sunflower with tulips and poppies1 in glowing color1 is probably her best work in a public collection4 ,her pictures are also in the galleries of ,dresden1 ,florence1 ,carlsruhe1 ,copenhagen1 the ,schwerin ,gallery1 and the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,new ,york4 ,there is a romantic story told of ,maria van ,oosterwyck1 as follows4 ,william van ,aelst1 the painter of exquisite pictures of still-life1 fruits1 glass1 and objects in gold and silver1 was a suitor for her hand4 ,she did not love him1 but wishing not to be too abrupt in her refusal1 she required1 as a condition of his acceptance1 that he should work ten hours a day during a year4 ,this he readily promised to do4 ,his studio being opposite that of ,maria1 she watched narrowly for the days when he did not work and marked them down on her window-sash4 ,at the close of the year ,van ,aelst claimed her as his bride1 assuming that he had fulfilled her condition2 but she pointed to the record of his delinquencies1 and he could but accept her crafty dismissal of his suit4 b,,osenga1 ,,giuseppina4_/b ,this artist resides in ,parma1 and has there exhibited landscapes that are praised for their color and for the manner in which they are painted1 as well as for the attractive subjects she habitually chooses4 ,a ,view near ,parma1 the ,faces of ,montmorency1 and the ,bridge of ,attaro are three of her works which are especially admired4 b,,ostertag1 ,,blanche4_/b ,member of ,society of ,western ,artists2 ,arts ,club1 ,chicago2 ,municipal ,art ,league4 ,born in ,st4 ,louis4 ,from #ahib-ahif pupil of ,laurens and ,raphael ,collin in ,paris1 where her works were hung on the line at the ,new ,gallery1 ,champ de ,mars4 ,a decorative artist who has executed mural decoration in a private house in ,chicago1 and has illustrated ,max ,mller's ,memories and other publications4 ,for use in schools she made a color print1 ,reading of the ,declaration of ,independence before the ,army4 ,her calendars and posters are in demand by collectors at home and in foreign countries4 ,miss ,ostertag has designed elaborate chimney pieces to be executed in mosaic and glass4 ,her droll conceits in ,mary and ,her ,lamb1 the ,ten ,little ,injuns1 and other juvenile tales were complimented by ,boutet de ,monvel1 who was so much interested in her work that he gave her valuable criticism and advice without solicitation4 b,o',,tama-,,chiovara4_/b ,gold medal at an exhibition of laces in ,rome and prizes at all the exhibitions held in ,palermo by the ,art ,club4 ,born in ,tokio1 where she came to the notice of ,vicenzo ,ragusa1 a ,sicilian sculptor in the employ of the ,japanese ,government at ,tokio4 ,he taught her design1 color1 and modelling1 and finally induced her to go with his sister to ,palermo4 ,here her merit was soon recognized in a varied collection of water-colors representing flowers and fruits1 which were reproduced with surpassing truth4 ,when the ,school of ,applied ,art was instituted at ,palermo in #ahhg1 she was put in charge of the drawing1 water-color1 and modelling in the ,women's ,section4 ,she knows the flowers of various countries--those of ,japan and ,sicily wonderfully well1 and her fancy is inexhaustible2 her exquisite embroideries reflect this quality4 ,she has many private pupils1 and is as much beloved for her character as she is admired for her talents4 ,when she renounced ,buddhism for ,christianity1 the ,princess of ,scalca was her godmother4 b,,paczka-,,wagner1 ,,cornelia4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,berlin1 #ahij4 ,born in ,gttingen1 #ahfd4 ,she has been1 in the main1 her own instructor1 living for some years in ,rome for the purpose of study4 ,in #ahie she settled in ,berlin1 where she has made a specialty of women's and children's portraits in olgraphy 787 and lithography4 ,beautiful drawings by her were exhibited at the ,international ,water-,color ,exhibition in ,dresden1 #ahib4 ,an interesting account of a visit to the studio of the ,hungarian painter ,paczka and his ,german wife tells of a strong series of paintings in progress there1 under the general title1 ,a ,woman's ,soul4 ,in freedom and boldness of conception they were said to remind one of ,klinger1 but in warmth and depth of feeling to surpass him4 ,frau ,paczka had just finished a very large picture1 representing the first couple after the expulsion from ,paradise4 ,the scene is on the waste1 stony slope of a mountain2 the sun shines with full force in the background1 while upon the unshadowed rocks of the foreground are the prostrate ,adam and his wife--more accusing than complaining4 ,in #ahii ,frau ,paczka exhibited in ,berlin1 ,vanitas1 which excels in richness of fancy and boldness of representation1 while wanting somewhat in detail2 the ensemble presents a remarkably fine1 symbolic composition1 which sets forth in rich color the dance of mankind before the golden calf1 and the bitter disillusions in the struggle for fame1 wealth1 and happiness4 b,,parlaghy1 ,,vilma1 ,,or ,,the ,,princess ,,lwoff4_/b ,great gold medal from the ,emperor of ,austria1 #ahij2 great gold medal1 #ahid2 small gold medal at ,berlin1 #ahij1 adjudged to her portrait of ,windhorst4 ,born at ,hadju-,dorogh in #ahfc1 and studied in ,budapest1 ,munich1 ,venice1 ,florence1 and ,turin4 ,her portraits having found great favor at the ,court of ,berlin1 she removed her studio from ,munich to that capital4 ,one of her instructors was ,lenbach1 and she is said by some critics to have appropriated his peculiarities as a colorist and his shortcomings in drawing1 without attaining his geniality and power of divination4 ,in #ahia her portrait of ,count von ,moltke1 begun shortly before his death and finished afterward1 was sent to the ,international ,exposition at ,berlin1 but was rejected4 ,the ,emperor1 however1 bought it for his private collection1 and at his request it was given a place of honor at the ,exposition1 the incident causing much comment4 ,she exhibited a portrait of the ,emperor ,william at ,berlin in #ahic1 which ,rosenberg called careless in drawing and modelling and inconceivable in its unrefreshing1 dirty-gray color4 ,in ,january1 #ahie1 she gave an exhibition of one hundred and four of her works1 mostly portraits1 including those of the ,emperor1 ,caprivi1 von ,moltke1 and ,kossuth1 which had previously been exhibited in ,berlin1 ,munich1 and ,paris4 ,the proceeds of this exhibition went to the building fund of the ,emperor ,william ,memorial ,church4 ,of a portrait exhibited in #ahif1 at ,munich1 a critic said that while it was not wholly bad1 it was no better than what hundreds of others could do as well1 and hundreds of others could do much better4 b,,pasch1 ,,ulricke ,,friederika4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts of ,sweden4 ,born in ,stockholm4 #agce-agif4 ,a portrait of ,gustavus-,adolphus ,,ii4 by this artist is in the ,castle at ,stockholm4 ,she was a sister of ,lorenz ,pasch4 b,,pascoli1 ,,luigia4_/b ,this ,venetian painter has exhibited in various ,italian cities since #ahgj1 when she sent a ,magdalen to ,parma4 ,first ,love appeared at ,naples in #ahgg1 and ,the ,maskers--pastel--at ,venice in #ahha4 ,a ,girl with a ,cat1 a ,roman ,girl1 and a ,seller of ,eggs--the latter in ,venetian costume--are works of true value4 ,her copies of ,titian's ,st4 ,mark and of ,gian ,bellini's ,supper at ,emmaus have attracted attention and are much esteemed4 b,,passe1 ,,magdalena ,,van ,,de4_/b ,born at ,utrecht about #afjj2 she died at the age of forty4 ,this engraver was a daughter of ,crispus van de ,passe1 the elder4 ,she practised her art in ,germany1 ,england1 ,denmark1 and the ,netherlands1 and was important as an artist4 ,her engraving was exceedingly careful and skilful4 ,among her plates are ,three ,sibyls1 #afag2 an ,annunciation1 ,cephalus and ,procris1 ,latona1 and landscapes after the works of ,bril1 ,savery1 ,willars1 etc4 b,,pattison1 ,,helen ,,searle4_/b ,born in ,burlington1 ,vermont4 ,daughter of ,henry ,searle1 a talented architect who moved to ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 where his daughter spent much of her girlhood4 ,she held the position of art teacher in a school in ,batavia1 ,new ,york1 while still a girl herself4 ,about #ahfj she became the pupil of ,herr ,johan ,wilhelm ,preyer1 the well-known painter of still-life1 fruit1 and flowers4 ,preyer was a dwarf and an excellent man1 but as a rule took no pupils4 ,he was much interested in ,miss ,searle1 and made an exception in her case4 ,she soon acquired the technique of her master and painted much as he did1 but with less minute detail1 finer color1 and far more sentiment4 ,illustration3 ,,flowers ,,helen ,,searle ,,pattison ,in #ahgf ,miss ,searle married the artist1 ,james ,william ,pattison1 now on the staff of the ,art ,institute1 ,chicago4 ,after their marriage ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,pattison resided at couen1 near ,paris4 ,returning to ,america in #ahhb1 they spent some time in ,chicago and ,new ,york ,city1 removing to ,jacksonville1 ,illinois1 in #ahhd4 ,here ,mr4 ,pattison was at the head of the ,school of ,fine ,arts4 ,mrs4 ,pattison lived but a few months in ,jacksonville1 dying in ,november1 #ahhd4 ,mrs4 ,pattison's artistic reputation was well established and her works were exhibited at the ,paris ,salon and in all the ,german cities of importance4 ,they were frequently seen in ,england and at the ,national ,academy of ,design in ,new ,york4 ,her subjects were still-life1 fruit1 and flowers1 and her works are widely distributed4 b,,pazzi1 ,,caterina ,,de_/b1 whose conventual name was ,maria ,maddalena4 ,was born in ,florence in #aeff4 ,it would be interesting to know the relation that this gentle lady bore to those ,pazzi who had earned a fame so unlike hers fourscore years before she saw the light4 ,caterina de ,pazzi1 when a mere girl1 entered a convent which stood on the site of the church known by her name in the ,via ,pinti4 ,the cell of ,santa ,maddalena--now a chapel--may still be visited4 ,she was canonized by ,pope ,alexander ,,viii4 in #afgj1 sixty-two years after her death4 ,the ,florentines have many lovely legends associated with her memory4 ,one of these relates that she painted pictures of sacred subjects when asleep4 ,be this as it may1 we know that her pictures were esteemed in the days when the best artists lived and worked beside her4 ,examples of her art may still be seen in churches in ,rome and ,parma1 as well as in the church of her native city which bears her name4 b,,peale1 ,,anna ,c4_/b ,made her mark as a miniature painter and for some years was the only professional woman artist in ,philadelphia4 ,her portrait of ,general ,jackson made in #ahai was well considered4 ,she also made portraits of ,president ,monroe1 ,henry ,clay1 ,r4 ,m4 ,johnson1 ,john ,randolph of ,roanoke1 and other prominent men4 ,miss ,peale married in #ahbi the ,rev4 ,william ,staughton1 a ,baptist clergyman1 the president of the theological college at ,georgetown1 ,kentucky4 ,he lived but three months after their marriage1 and she returned to ,philadelphia and again pursued her artistic labors4 ,she married a second husband1 ,general ,william ,duncan1 and from this time gave up professional painting4 b,,peale1 ,,sara ,m4_/b #ahfj-ahhe4 ,daughter of ,james ,peale1 under whose teaching she made her first studies4 ,she was also a pupil of her uncle1 the founder of ,peale's ,museum1 ,philadelphia4 ,miss ,peale painted portraits and spent some years in ,baltimore and ,washington4 ,among her portraits are those of ,lafayette1 ,thomas ,benton1 ,henry ,a4 ,wise1 ,caleb ,cushing1 and other distinguished men4 ,from #ahdg she resided in ,st4 ,louis thirty years and then went to ,philadelphia4 ,her later works were still-life subjects1 especially fruits4 b,,pelichy1 ,,geertruida4_/b ,honorary member of the ,academy of ,vienna4 ,born in ,utrecht1 #agdd2 died in ,brgge1 #ahbe4 ,pupil of ,p4 de ,cock and ,suve4 ,in #agec1 she went to ,brgge with her father1 and later to ,paris and ,vienna4 ,she painted portraits of the ,emperor ,joseph ,,ii4 and ,maria ,theresa1 some good landscapes1 and animal studies4 ,two of her pictures are in the ,museum at ,brgge4 b,,pellegrino1 ,,itala4_/b ,born at ,milan1 #ahfe4 ,pupil of ,battaglia4 ,her pictures are of genre and marine subjects4 ,at the great exhibition at ,turin1 #ahhd1 she exhibited a marine view which was bought by ,prince ,amadeo4 ,another marine view exhibited at ,milan was acquired by the ,societ ,promotrice4 ,in #ahhh she sent to the exhibition at ,naples1 where she resides1 a view of ,portici1 which was added to the ,royal ,gallery4 ,the excellence of her work is in the strength and certainty of touch and the sincerity and originality of composition4 ,she has painted a ,marine ,view of ,naples1 ,in the ,gulf1 ,fair ,weather1 and ,evening at ,sea2 also a genre picture1 ,frusta l1 which was sold while in an exhibition in ,rome4 b,,penicke1 ,,clara4_/b ,born at ,berlin in #ahah1 where she died in #ahii4 ,she studied first with ,remy and later with ,carl ,begas and ,edward ,magnus4 ,her work was largely confined to portrait and historical painting4 ,in the ,gallery at ,schwerin is her ,elector ,frederick of ,saxony ,refusing to ,accept the ,interim4 ,another good example of her historical work is the ,reconciliation of ,charlemagne with ,thassilo of ,bavaria4 ,a well-known and strongly modelled portrait of ,minister ,von ,stoach and several ,luther portraits1 ,luther's ,family ,devotion and ,luther ,finds the ,first ,latin ,bible1 show her facility in this branch of art4 ,she also painted a ,christ on the ,cross4 b,,perelli1 ,,lida4_/b ,a landscape painter living in ,milan1 who has become well known by pictures that have been seen at the exhibitions in several ,italian cities1 especially through some ,roman studies that appeared at ,florence and ,turin in #ahhd4 ,a ,view of ,lecco1 ,lake ,como1 ,casolare1 and ,a ,lombard ,plain are among her best works4 b,,perman1 ,,louise ,e4_/b ,born at ,birkenshaw1 ,renfrewshire4 ,studied in ,glasgow4 ,this artist paints roses1 and roses only1 in oils4 ,in this art she has been very successful4 ,she has exhibited at the ,royal ,academy and the ,new ,gallery1 ,london2 at the ,royal ,scottish ,academy1 ,glasgow2 at art exhibits in ,munich1 ,dresden1 ,berlin1 ,prague1 ,hanover1 etc41 and wherever her works have been seen they have been sold4 ,in ,may1 #aijc1 a collection of twenty-five rose pictures were exhibited by a prominent dealer1 and but few were left in his hands4 ,a critic in the ,studio of ,april1 #aijc1 writing of the exhibition at the ,ladies' ,artists' ,club1 ,glasgow1 says3 ,miss ,louise ,perman's rose pictures were as refined and charming as ever4 ,this last-named lady certainly has a remarkable power of rendering the beauties of the queen of flowers1 whether she chooses to paint the sumptuous yellow of the ',marchal ,niel1' the blush of the ',katherine ,mermet1' or the crimson glory of the ',queen of ,autumn4' ,she seems not only to give the richness of color and fulness of contour of the flowers1 but to capture for the delight of the beholder the very spiritual essence of them4 ,to the ,london ,academy1 #aijc1 she sent a picture called ,york and ,lancaster4 b,,perrier1 ,,marie4_/b ,mention honorable at ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #ahii2 ,prix ,marie ,bashkirtseff1 #ahii2 honorable mention1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 numerous medals from foreign and provincial exhibitions2 medals in gold and silver at ,rouen1 ,nmes1 ,rennes1 etc42 bronze medals at ,amiens and ,angers4 ,member of the ,socit des ,artistes ,franais2 perpetual member of the ,baron ,taylor ,association1 section of the ,arts of ,painting1 etc4 ,born at ,paris4 ,pupil of ,benjamin ,constant1 ,jules ,lefebvre1 and ,j4 ,p4 ,laurens4 ,mlle4 ,perrier's picture of ,jeanne d',arc is in a provincial museum2 several pictures by her belonging to the city of ,paris are scenes connected with the schools of the city--,breakfast at the ,communal ,school2 ,after ,school at ,montmartre were at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc2 others are ,manual ,labor at the ,maternal ,school1 ,flowers1 and ,recreation of the ,children at the ,maternal ,school4 ,of the last ,gabriel ,moury says1 ,it is one of the really good pictures in the ,salon4 ,this artist decorated a villa near ,nmes with four large panels representing the ,seasons1 twelve small panels1 the ,hours1 and pictures of the labors of the fields1 such as the gathering of grapes and picking of olives4 ,she has painted numerous portraits of children and a series of pictures illustrating the ,life of the ,children of ,paris4 ,they are ,children at ,school and after ,school1 ,children on the ,promenade and ,their ,games1 and ,children at ,home4 b,,perry1 ,,clara ,,greenleaf4_/b ,member of the ,copley ,society4 ,born at ,long ,branch1 ,new ,jersey4 ,pupil of ,boston ,art ,museum ,school1 under ,mr4 ,benson and ,mr4 ,tarbell2 in ,paris pupil of ,m4 ,raphael ,collin and ,robert ,henri4 ,miss ,perry has exhibited her portrait of ,mrs4 ,u4 in the ,salon of the ,socit ,nationale des ,beaux-,arts and in ,philadelphia4 ,she paints landscapes and portraits4 b,,perry1 ,,lilla ,,cabot4_/b ,pupil in ,boston of ,dennis ,bunker and ,alfred ,collins2 in ,paris of ,alfred ,stevens1 ,robert ,fleury1 ,bouguereau1 and ,courtois2 in ,munich of ,fritz von ,uhde4 ,mrs4 ,perry is essentially a portrait painter1 but has painted landscapes1 especially in ,japan1 where she spent some years4 ,the scenery of ,japan and its wonderfully beautiful ,fuziyama would almost compel an artist to paint landscapes4 ,mrs4 ,perry says that her pictures of ,french and ,japanese types are1 in fact1 portraits as truly as are those she is asked to paint4 ,her picture of a ,japanese ,lacemaker belongs to ,mr4 ,quincy ,a4 ,shaw4 ,it has been much admired in the exhibitions in which it has been seen4 ,in the ,water-,color ,exhibition of the ,boston ,art ,club1 #aijc1 ,mrs4 ,perry's portrait of ,miss ,s4 attracted much attention4 ,the delicate flesh tones1 the excellent modelling of the features1 and what may be called the whole atmosphere of the picture combine in producing an effective and pleasing example of portraiture4 b,,perugini1 ,,caterina ,e4_/b ,an ,italian painter living in ,london1 where she frequently exhibits her excellent pictures4 ,among them are ,a ,siesta1 ,dolce far ,niente1 ,multiplication1 and portraits of ,guy ,cohn1 son of ,sir ,guy ,campbell1 ,bart41 and of ,peggy and ,kitty ,hammond1 two charming children4 ,at the ,academy1 #aijc1 she exhibited ,faith and ,silken ,tresses4 b,,perugini1 ,,mrs4 ,,kate ,,dickens4_/b ,younger daughter of ,charles ,dickens and wife of ,charles ,edward ,perugini4 ,this artist has exhibited at the ,royal ,academy and at other exhibitions since #ahgg4 ,her pictures are of genre subjects1 such as the ,dolls' ,dressmaker1 ,little-,red-,cap1 ,old ,curiosity ,shop1 etc4 ,at the ,academy1 #aijc1 she exhibited ,some ,spring ,flowers4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,peters1 ,,anna4_/b ,medals at ,vienna1 #ahgc2 ,london1 #ahgd2 ,munich1 #ahgf2 ,amsterdam and ,antwerp1 #ahgg4 ,born at ,mannheim1 #ahdc4 ,pupil of her father1 ,pieter ,francis ,peters1 in ,stuttgart4 ,miss ,peters travelled over ,europe and was commissioned to decorate apartments in the royal castles at ,stuttgart and ,friedrichshafen4 ,her picture of ,roses and ,grapes is in the ,national ,gallery1 ,london2 and one of ,autumn ,flowers in the ,museum at ,stuttgart4 b,,pillini1 ,,margherita4_/b ,an ,italian painter living in ,paris4 ,her most successful exhibitions have been those at ,rome1 in #ahhc1 when her ,silk-cocoon ,carder of ,quimper and ,charity appeared2 and at ,turin1 in #ahhd1 when ,the ,three ,ages1 ,the ,poor ,blind ,man1 and a portrait of the ,prince of ,naples were shown1 all exquisite in sentiment and excellent in execution4 ,the ,silk-cocoon ,carder of ,quimper has been thus noticed by ,de ,rengis3 ,if ,i am not mistaken1 ,signora ,margherita ,pillini has also taken this road1 full of modernity1 but not free from great danger4 ,her ',silk-cocoon ,carder' is touched with great disdain for every suggestion of the old school4 ,rare worth--if worth it is--that a young woman should be carried by natural inclination into such care for detail4 b,,pinto-,,sezzi1 ,,ida4_/b ,silver medal at the ,beatrice ,exposition1 ,florence1 #ahij4 ,since #ahhb pictures by this artist have been seen in various ,italian exhibitions4 ,in the ,beatrice of that year she exhibited ,cocciara1 and in #ahhg ,a ,friar ,cook4 ,her ,fortune-,teller attracted general attention at ,venice in #ahhg4 ,this artist has also given some time to the decoration of terra-cotta in oil colors4 ,an amphora decorated with landscape and figures was exhibited at the ,promotrice in ,florence in #ahhi 787 and much admired4 b,,poetting1 ,,countess ,,adrienne4_/b ,born in ,chrudim1 ,bohemia1 #ahef4 ,the effect of her thorough training under ,blass1 ,straschiripka1 and ,frittjof ,smith is seen in her portraits of the ,deputy-,burgomaster ,franz ,khume1 which is in the ,rathhaus1 ,vienna1 as well as in those of the ,princess ,freda von ,oldenburg and the writer1 ,bertha von ,suttner4 ,her excellence is also apparent in her genre subjects1 ,in the ,land of ,dreams being an excellent example of these4 b,,popert1 ,,charlotte4_/b ,silver medal at the ,beatrice1 ,florence1 #ahij4 ,born in ,hamburg1 #ahdh4 ,pupil in ,weimar of the elder ,preller and ,carl ,gherts2 of ,p4 ,joris in ,rome1 and ,bonnat in ,paris4 ,after extensive travels in the ,orient1 ,england1 the ,netherlands1 and ,spain1 she established herself in ,rome and painted chiefly in water-colors4 ,her ,praying ,women of ,bethlehem is an excellent example of her art4 ,in #ahhc she exhibited at ,rome1 ,in the ,temple at ,bethlehem2 at ,turin in #ahhd1 ,in the ,seventeenth ,century and ,the ,nun2 at ,venice in #ahhg1 an exquisite portrait in water-colors4 b,,poppe-,l,,deritz1 ,,elizabeth4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,berlin1 #ahia4 ,for the second time only the ,senate of the ,berlin ,academy conferred this distinction upon a woman4 ,the artist exhibited two portraits1 painted with ,holbein-like delicacy and truthfulness--if we may agree with the critics4 ,this artist was born in ,berlin in #aheh1 and was a pupil of ,gussow4 ,her best pictures are portraits1 but her ,sappho and ,euphrosine are excellent works4 b,,popp1 ,,babette4_/b ,born in ,regensburg1 #ahjj2 died about #ahdj4 ,made her studies in ,munich4 ,in the ,cathedral of ,regensburg is her ,adoration of the ,kings4 b,,powell1 ,,caroline ,a4_/b ,bronze medal at ,chicago1 #ahic2 silver medal at ,buffalo1 #aija4 ,member of the ,society of ,american ,wood-,engravers and of the ,boston ,society of ,arts and ,crafts4 ,born in ,dublin1 ,ireland4 ,pupil of ,w4 ,j4 ,linton and ,timothy ,cole4 ,illustration3 ,doge's ,palace1 ,venice ,,st4 ,,christopher ,,engraved ,,by ,,caroline ,a4 ,,powell ,miss ,powell was an illustrator of the ,century ,magazine from #ahhj to #ahie4 ,the engraving after ,the ,resurrection by ,john ,la ,farge1 in the ,church of ,st4 ,thomas1 ,new ,york1 is the work of this artist4 ,she also illustrated ,engravings on ,wood1 by ,william ,m4 ,laffan1 in which book her work is commended4 ,miss ,powell is now employed by ,messrs4 ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 and writes me3 ,so far as ,i know1 ,i am1 at present1 the only woman in ,america engaged in the practise of engraving as a fine art4 b,,prestel1 ,,maria ,,catharina_/,b2 ,,family ,,name ,b,,holl4_/b ,born in ,nuremburg1 #agdg4 ,her husband1 ,johan ,prestel1 was her teacher1 and she was of great assistance in the work which he produced at ,frankfort-on-the-,main1 in #aghc4 ,in #aghf1 however1 she separated from him and went to ,london1 where she devoted herself to aquatints4 ,she executed more than seventy plates1 some of them of great size4 b,,prestel1 ,,ursula ,,magdalena4_/b ,born in ,nuremburg4 #aggg-ahde4 ,daughter of the preceding artist4 ,she worked in ,frankfort and ,london1 travelled in ,france and ,switzerland1 and died in ,brussels4 ,her moonlight scenes1 some of her portraits1 and her picture of the ,falls of the ,rhine near ,laufen1 are admirable4 b,,preuschen1 ,,hermine ,,von ,,schmidt_/b2 married name1 ,telman4 ,born at ,darmstadt1 #aheg4 ,pupil of ,ferdinand ,keller in ,karlsruhe4 ,travelled in ,spain1 ,france1 ,italy1 the ,netherlands1 and ,denmark4 ,she remained some time in ,munich1 ,berlin1 and ,rome1 establishing her studio in these cities and painting a variety of subjects4 ,her flower pictures are her best works4 ,her ,mors ,imperator created a sensation by reason of its striking qualities rather than by intrinsic artistic merit4 ,in the gallery at ,metz is her picture of ,irene von ,spilimberg on the ,funeral ,gondola4 ,in #ahhc she exhibited in ,rome1 ,answered1 a study of thistles2 ,in ,autumn1 a variety of fruits2 and ,questions1 a charming study of carnations4 ,at ,berlin1 in #ahij1 ,meadow ,saffron and ,cineraria was praised for its glowing color and artistic arrangement4 ,a ,viennese critic1 the same year1 lamented that an artist of so much talent should paint lifeless objects only4 ,in ,berlin1 in #ahid1 she held an exhibition1 in which her landscapes and flower pieces were better than her still-life pictures4 ,frau ,preuschen is also a musician and poet4 ,the painting of flower pieces is a delightful art for man or woman1 but so many such pictures which are by amateurs are seen in exhibitions--too good to be refused but not of a satisfactory quality--that one can scarcely sympathize with the critic who would have ,mme4 ,preuschen paint other subjects than these charming blossoms1 so exquisite in form and color1 into which she paints so much delightful sentiment4 b,,puehn1 ,,sophie4_/b ,born at ,nuremberg1 #ahfd4 ,this artist studied in ,paris and ,munich and resides in the latter city4 ,at the ,international ,exhibition1 ,vienna1 #ahid1 her portrait of a ,lady ,drinking ,tea was praised by the critics without exception1 and1 in fact1 her portraits are always well considered4 ,that she is also skilful in etching was shown in her ,forsaken1 exhibited in #ahif4 b,,putnam1 ,,sarah ,,goold4_/b ,member of the ,copley ,society4 ,born in ,boston4 ,pupil in ,boston and ,new ,york of ,j4 ,b4 ,johnston1 ,f4 ,duveneck1 ,abbott ,thayer1 and ,william ,chase2 in ,scheveningen1 of ,bart4 ,j4 ,blommers2 and in ,munich1 of ,wilhelm ,drr4 ,miss ,putnam's portrait of ,hon4 ,john ,lowell is in the ,district ,court ,room in ,post-,office ,building1 ,boston2 that of ,william ,g4 ,russell1 in the ,law ,library in the ,court ,house1 ,pemberton ,square1 same city2 that of ,general ,charles ,g4 ,loring1 for many years ,director of ,boston ,museum of ,fine ,arts1 belongs to his family2 among her other portraits are those of ,dr4 ,henry ,p4 ,bowditch1 ,francis ,boott1 ,george ,partridge ,bradford1 ,edward ,silsbee1 ,mrs4 ,asa ,gray1 and ,lorin ,deland4 ,in addition to the above she has painted more than one hundred portraits of men1 women1 and children1 which belong to the families of the subjects4 b,,puyroche1 ,,mme4 ,,elise4_/b ,born in ,dresden1 #ahbh4 ,resided in ,lyons1 ,france1 where she was a pupil of the fine colorist1 ,simon ,st4 ,jean4 ,mme4 ,puyroche excelled her master in the arrangement of flowers in her pictures and in the correctness of her drawing1 while she acquired his harmonious color4 ,her picture called the ,tom ,wreath1 painted in #ahej1 is in the ,dresden ,gallery4 b,,questier1 ,,catherine4_/b ,born in ,amsterdam4 ,in #afee she published two comedies which were illustrated by engravings of her own design and execution4 ,she achieved a good reputation for painting1 copper engraving1 and modelling in wax1 as well as for her writings4 b,,raab1 ,,doris4_/b ,third-class medal1 ,nuremberg2 also second-class medal1 #ahib4 ,born in ,nuremberg1 #ahea4 ,pupil of her father1 ,johann ,leonhard ,raab1 in etching and engraving4 ,she has engraved many works by ,rubens1 ,van ,dyck1 and ,cuyp2 among her plates after works of more recent artists are ,piloty's ,death ,warrant of ,mary ,stuart1 ,lindenschmidt's ,in ,thought1 and ,laufberger's ,hunting ,fanfare4 ,this artist resides in ,munich4 b,,radovska1 ,,baroness ,,annetta_/b1 of ,milan4 ,her interesting genre pictures are seen in most of the ,italian exhibitions4 ,old ,wine1 ,young ,wife1 was at ,milan1 #ahha2 in same city1 #ahhc1 ,an ,aggression1 ,the ,visit1 ,the ,betrothed4 ,she also sent to ,rome1 in #ahhc1 two pictures1 one of which1 ,the ,harem1 was especially noteworthy4 ,in #ahhd1 at ,turin1 she exhibited ,tea and the ,four ,ages2 these1 were excellent in tone and technique and attractive in subject4 ,at ,milan1 #ahhf1 her ,will ,he ,arrive8 was heartily commended in the art journals4 b,,rae1 ,,henrietta4_/b ,see ,normand1 ,mrs4 ,ernest b,,ragusa1 ,,eleanora4_/b ,see ,o',tama4 b,,rapin1 ,,aim,e4_/b ,at the ,swiss ,national ,exposition1 #ahif1 a large picture of a ,genevese ,watchmaker by this artist was purchased2 ,by the ,government and is in the ,museum at ,neuchtel4 ,in #aijc the city of ,geneva commissioned her to paint a portrait of ,philippe ,plantamour1 which is in the ,museum ,mon-,repos1 at ,geneva4 ,member of the ,socit des ,beaux-,arts of ,lausanne1 ,socit des ,femmes peintres et sculpteurs de la ,suisse romande1 ,socit de l'exposition permanente des ,beaux-,arts1 ,geneva4 ,born at ,payerne1 ,canton de ,vaud4 ,studied at ,geneva under ,m4 ,hebert and ,barthelmy ,menn1 in painting2 ,hugues ,bovy1 modelling4 ,illustration3 ,in the ,museum at ,neuchtel ,,genevese ,,watchmaker ,,aim,e ,,rapin ,mlle4 ,rapin writes me3 ,i am1 above all1 a portrait painter1 and my portraits are in private hands4 ,she names among others of her sitters1 ,ernest ,naville1 the philosopher2 ,raoul ,pictet1 chemist2 ,jules ,salmson1 sculptor1 etc4 ,she mentions that she painted a portrait of the present ,princess of ,wales at the time of her marriage1 but as it was painted from photographs the artist has no opinion about its truth to life4 ,mlle4 ,rapin has executed many portraits of men1 women1 and children in ,paris1 ,london1 and ,germany1 as well as in ,switzerland4 ,she refers me to the following account of herself and her art4 ,in the ,studio of ,april1 #aijc1 ,r4 ,m4 writes3 ,the subject of these notes is a striking example of the compensations of ,nature for her apparent cruelty2 also of what the genuine artist is capable of achieving notwithstanding the most singular disadvantages4 ,some years ago in the little town of ,payerne1 ,canton ,vaud1 a child was born without arms4 ,one day the mother1 while standing near a rose-bush with her infant in her arms1 was astonished to observe one of its tiny toes clasp the stem of the rose4 ,little did she guess at the time that these prehensile toes were destined one day to serve an artist1 in the execution of her work1 with the same marvellous facility as hands4 ,as the child grew up the greatest care was bestowed upon her education4 ,she early manifested unmistakable artistic promise1 and at the age of sixteen was sent to the cole des ,beaux ,arts1 ,geneva4444 ,for reasons already mentioned ,mlle4 ,rapin holds a unique position amongst that valiant and distinguished group of ,swiss lady artists to whose work we hope to have the opportunity of referring4444 ,she is a fine example of that singleness of devotion which characterizes the born artist4 ,her art is the all-absorbing interest of her life4 ,it is not without its limitations1 but within these limitations the artist has known how to be true to herself4 ,drawing her inspiration direct from nature1 she has held on her independent way1 steadily faithful to the gift she possesses of evoking a character in a portrait or of making us feel how the common task1 when representative of genuine human effort and touched with the poetry of national tradition1 of religion1 and of nature1 becomes a subject of noble artistic treatment4 ,she has kept unimpaired that merveilleux frisson de sensibilit which is one of the most precious gifts of the artistic temperament1 and which is quick to respond to the ideal in the real4 ,there are some artists who1 though possessed of extraordinary mastery over the materials of their art1 bring to their work a spirit which beggars and belittles both art and life2 there are others who seem to work with an ever-present sense of the noble purpose of their vocation and the pathos and dignity of existence4 ,mlle4 ,rapin belongs to the second category4 ,her ',l',horloger' is an example of this4 ,a ,genevese watchmaker is bending to his work at a bench covered with tools4 ,through the window of the workshop one perceives in the blue distance ,mont ,salve1 and nearer the time-honored towers of the ,cathedral of ,st4 ,pierre4 ,here is a composition dealing with simple life--a composition which1 from the point of execution1 color1 and harmony of purpose1 leaves little or nothing to be desired4 ,but this is not all4 ,it is1 so to speak1 an artistic rsum of the life and history of the old city1 and that strongly portrayed national type gathers dignity from his alliance with the generations who helped to make one of the main interests of the city1 and from his relationship to that eventful past suggested by the ,cathedral and the ,mountain4 ,mlle4 ,rapin is unmistakably one of the best ,swiss portraitists1 working for the most part in pastels1 her medium by predilection2 she has at the same time modelled portraits in bas-relief4 ,we are not only impressed by the intensely living quality of her work as a portraitist1 but by the extraordinary power with which she has seized and expressed the individual character and history of each of her subjects4 ,mlle4 ,rapin has exhibited her works with success in ,paris1 ,munich1 and ,berlin4 ,the few specimens of her bas-reliefs which ,i have seen prove that did she prefer the art of sculpture before that of painting1 she would be as successful with her modelling tools as she has been with her brush4 b,,rappard1 ,,clara ,,von4_/b ,second-class medal1 ,london4 ,born at ,wabern1 near ,berne1 #aheg4 ,after studying with ,skutelzky and ,dreber1 she worked under ,gussow in ,berlin4 ,she spent some time in travel1 especially in ,germany and ,italy1 and then1 choosing ,interlaken as her home1 turned her attention to the illustration of books1 as well as to portrait and genre painting4 ,in the ,museum at ,freiburg is her ,point-lace-maker4 ,a series of sixteen ,phantasies by this artist has been published in ,munich4 b,,rath1 ,,henriette4_/b ,honorary member of the ,socit des ,arts1 #ahja4 ,born in #aggb1 she died in #ahef at ,genf1 where1 with her sister1 she founded the ,muse ,rath4 ,she studied under ,isabey1 and was well and favorably known as a portrait and enamel painter4 b,,ream1 ,,vinnie4_/b ,see ,hoxie4 b,,redmond1 ,,frieda ,,voelter4_/b ,medal at the ,columbian ,exhibition1 ,chicago4 ,member of the ,woman's ,art ,club4 ,born in ,thun1 ,switzerland4 ,studies made in ,switzerland and in ,paris4 ,a painter of flowers and still-life4 ,mrs4 ,redmond is a ,swiss woman1 now residing in ,new ,york4 ,she has exhibited her works in the ,paris ,salon1 in the ,national ,academy of ,design1 at the ,society of ,american ,artists' exhibitions1 etc41 and was awarded a medal at the ,world's ,fair in ,chicago4 ,her work is not only skilful and accurate in description and characterization2 it is done with breadth and freedom1 and given a quality of fine decorative distinction4 ,her subjects are roses1 cyclamen1 chrysanthemums1 nasturtiums1 double larkspurs1 cinneraria1 etc41 and she makes each panel a distinct study in design1 with a background and accessories of appropriate character4 ,for example1 the three or four large panels of roses painted at ,mentone have a glimpse of the ,mediterranean for background1 and a suggestion of trellis-work for the support of the vine or bush2 and in another rose panel we have a tipped-over ,gibraltar basket with its luscious contents strewed about in artful confusion4 ,the double larkspurs make very charming panels for decorative purposes4 ,they are painted with delightful fulness of color and engaging looseness and crispness of touch4--,boston ,transcript4 b,,regis1 ,,emma4_/b ,this ,roman painter has given special attention to figures1 and has executed a number of portraits1 one of the best of which is that of the ,marchioness ,durazzo ,pallavicini4 ,she has exhibited some delightful work at ,turin and at ,rome1 such as ,the ,lute-,player1 ,all is not ,gold that ,glitters1 ,humanity1 and ,in illo ,tempore8 ,no reply to circular4 b,,reinhardt1 ,,sophie4_/b ,born at ,kirchberg1 #agge2 died at ,karlsruhe1 #ahdc4 ,pupil of ,becker4 ,she travelled in ,austro-,hungary and ,italy4 ,in the ,kunsthalle at ,karlsruhe is her picture of ,st4 ,elizabeth and the ,child ,john4 ,among her best works are ,the ,death of ,st4 ,catherine of ,alexandria1 ,the ,death of ,tasso1 and twelve illustrations for a volume of ,hebel's poems4 b,,remy1 ,,marie4_/b ,born in ,berlin1 #ahbi4 ,daughter of ,professor ,august ,remy of the ,berlin ,academy4 ,pupil of her father1 ,hermine ,stilke1 and ,theude ,grnland4 ,she travelled extensively in several ,european countries1 making special studies in flowers and still-life1 from which many of her water-colors were painted2 twenty of these are in the ,berlin ,national ,gallery4 b,,reuter1 ,,elizabeth4_/b ,born in ,lubeck1 #ahec4 ,pupil of ,zimmermann in ,munich1 ,a4 ,schliecker in ,hamburg1 and of ,h4 ,eschke in ,berlin4 ,she also went to ,dsseldorf to work in the ,gallery there4 ,later she travelled in ,scandinavia4 ,her best pictures are landscapes4 ,among them is a charming series of six water-colors of views in the park of ,friedrichsruhe4 b,,revest1 ,,cornelia ,,louisa4_/b ,second-class medals in #ahai and #ahca in ,paris4 ,born in ,amsterdam1 #agie2 died in ,paris1 #ahef4 ,pupil of ,srangly and ,vafflard in ,paris4 ,in #ahad she painted a ,magdalen at the ,feet of ,christ for a church in ,marseilles4 ,she also painted many good portraits and a picture called ,the ,young ,mother ,playing the ,mandolin4 b,,richard1 ,,mme4 ,,hortense4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,exposition of #ahhi2 third-class medal1 #ahib2 silver medals at ,antwerp and ,barcelona1 and gold medal in ,london4 ,born at ,paris1 #ahfj4 ,pupil of ,james ,bertrand1 ,jules ,lefebvre1 and ,bouguereau4 ,has exhibited regularly since #ahge4 ,her picture of ,cinderella is in the ,museum of ,poitiers2 ,at ,church in ,poitou is in the ,luxembourg4 ,she has painted many portraits4 b,,richards1 ,,anna ,,mary4_/b ,norman ,dodge prize1 ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york1 #ahij4 ,member of the '#ia ,art ,club1 ,london4 ,born at ,germantown1 ,pennsylvania1 #ahgj4 ,pupil of ,dennis ,bunker in ,boston1 ,h4 ,siddons ,mowbray and ,la ,farge in ,new ,york1 ,benjamin ,constant and ,j4 ,p4 ,laurens in ,paris1 and always of her father1 ,w4 ,t4 ,richards4 ,miss ,richards' work is varied4 ,she is fond of color when suited to her subject2 she also works much in black and white4 ,when representing nature she is straightforward in her rendering of its aspects and moods1 but she also loves the symbolic expression of emotion and the so-called allegorical subjects4 ,the artist writes3 ,i simply work in the way that at the moment it seems to me fitting to work to express the thing ,i have in mind4 ,where the object of the picture is one sort of quality1 ,i use the method that seems to me to emphasize that quality4 ,when but fourteen years old this artist exhibited at the ,national ,academy1 ,new ,york1 a picture of waves1 ,the ,wild ,horses of the ,sea1 which was immediately sold and a duplicate ordered4 ,in ,england ,miss ,richards has exhibited at the ,academy1 and her pictures have been selected for exhibitions in provincial galleries4 ,miss ,richards is earnestly devoted to her art1 and has in mind an end toward which she diligently strives--not to become a painter distinguished for clever mannerism1 but to attain a definite end2 one which is difficult to reach and requires widely applied effort4 ,judging from what she has already done at her age1 one may predict her success in her chosen method4 ,in ,february1 #aijc1 ,miss ,richards and her father exhibited their works in the ,noe ,galleries4 ,i quote a few press opinions4 ,illustration3 ,,may ,,day ,,at ,,whitelands ,,college1 ,,chelsea ,,anna ,m4 ,,richards ,miss ,richards paints the sea well2 she infuses interest into her figures2 she has a love of allegory2 her studies in ,holland and ,norway are interesting4 ,her ',whitby1' lighted by sunset1 with figures massed in the streets in dark relief against it1 is beautiful4 ,her ',friends1' showing two women watching the twilight fading from the summits of a mountain range1 the cedared slopes and river valley below meantime gathering blueness and shadow1 is of such strength and sweetness of fancy that it affects one like a strain of music4 ,miss ,richards becomes symbolic or realistic by turn4 ,some of her figures are creatures of the imagination1 winged and iridescent1 like the ',spirit of ,hope4' ,again1 she paints good1 honest ,dutchmen1 loafing about the docks4 ,sometimes she has recourse to poetry and quotes ,emerson for a title4444 ,if technically she is not always convincing1 it is apparent that the artist is doing some thinking for herself1 and her endeavors are in good taste4 ,miss ,richards has written ,letter and ,spirit1 containing fifty-seven ,dramatic ,sonnets of ,inward ,life4 ,these she has illustrated by sixty full-page pictures4 ,of these drawings the eminent artist1 ,g4 ,f4 ,watts1 says3 ,in imaginative comprehension they are more than illustrations2 they are interpretations4 ,i find in them an assemblage of great qualities--beauty of line1 unity and abundance in composition1 variety and appreciation of natural effects1 with absence of manner2 also unusual qualities in drawing1 neither academical nor eccentric--all carried out with great purity and completeness4 b,,richards1 ,,signora ,,emma ,,gagiotti4_/b ,rome4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,ries1 ,,therese ,,feodorowna4_/b ,bronze medal at ,ekaterinburg2 ,karl ,ludwig gold medal1 ,vienna2 gold medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,officer of the ,academy4 ,born in ,moscow4 ,pupil of the ,moscow ,academy and of ,professor ,hellmer1 ,vienna1 women not being admitted to the ,vienna ,academy4 ,a critic in the ,studio of ,july1 #aija1 who signs his article ,a4 ,s4 ,l41 writes as follows of this remarkable artist3 ,not often does it fall to the lot of a young artist to please both critic and public at the same time1 and1 having gained their interest1 to continue to fill their expectations4 ,but it was so with ,feodorowna ,ries1 a young ,russian artist who some eight months ago had never even had a piece of clay in her hand1 but who1 by dint of 'self1' now stands amongst the foremost of her profession4 ,it was chance that led ,miss ,ries to the brush1 and another chance which led her to abandon the brush for the chisel4 ,five years ago she was awarded the ,carl ,ludwig gold medal for her ',lucifer1' and at the last ,paris ,exhibition she gained the gold medal for her ',unbesiegbaren' 7,the ,unconquerable74 ,miss ,ries was born and educated in ,moscow1 but ,vienna is the city of her adoption4 ,she first studied painting at the ,moscow ,academy1 her work there showing great breadth of character and power of delineation4 ,at the yearly ,exhibition in ,moscow1 held some five months after she had entered as a student1 she took the gold medal for her ',portrait of a ,russian ,peasant4' ,she then abandoned painting for sculpture1 and one month later gained the highest commendations for a bust of ',ariadne4' ,she then began to study the plastic art from life4 ,dissatisfied with herself1 although her ',somnambulist' gained a prize1 ,miss ,ries left ,moscow for ,paris1 but on her way stayed in ,vienna1 studying under ,professor ,hellmer4 ,one year later1 at the ,vienna ,spring ,exhibition1 she exhibited her ',die ,hexe4' ,here is no traditional witch1 though the broomstick on which she will ride through the air is en evidence4 ,she is a demoniac being1 knowing her own power1 and full of devilish instinct4 ,the marble is full of life1 and one seems to feel the warmth of her delicate1 powerfully chiselled1 though soft and pliable limbs4 ',die ,unbesiegbaren' is a most powerful work1 and stood out in the midst of the sculpture at ,paris in #aijj with the prominence imparted by unusual power in the perception of the whole of a subject and the skill to render the perception so that others realize its full meaning4 ,there are four figures in this group--men drawing a heavy freight boat along the shore by means of a towline passed round their bodies1 on which they throw their weight in such a way that their legs1 pressed together1 lose their outline--except in the case of the leader--and are as a mass of power4 ,they also pull on the line with their hands4 ,the leader bends over the rope until he looks down2 the man behind him raises his head and looks up with an appealing expression2 the two others behind are exerting all their force in pulling on the rope1 but have twisted the upper part of the body in order to look behind and watch the progress of their great burden4 ,there is not the least resemblance of one to the other1 either in feature or expression1 and to me it would seem that the woman who had conceived and executed this group might well be content to rest on her laurels4 ,but an artistic creator who is really inspired with his art and not with himself is never satisfied2 he presses on and on--sometimes after he has expressed the best of his talent4 ,this is not yet reached1 ,i believe1 by ,miss ,ries1 and we shall see still greater results of her inspiration4 ,the ,austrian ,government commissioned this artist to execute the figure of a saint4 ,one may well prophesy that there will be nothing conventional in this work4 ,she has already produced a striking ,saint ,barbara4 ,her portrait busts include those of ,professor ,wegr1 ,professor ,hellmer1 ,mark ,twain1 ,countess ,kinsky1 ,countess ,palffs1 ,baron ,berger1 and many others4 b,,rijutine1 ,,elisa4_/b ,a bronze and a gold medal at the ,beatrice ,exposition1 ,florence1 #ahij4 ,born in ,florence1 where she resides and devotes herself to painting in imitation of old tapestries4 ,an excellent example of her work is in water-colors and is called ,the ,gardener's ,children4 ,in #ahhh and #ahhi she exhibited ,the ,coronation of ,esther and a picture of ,oleanders4 b,,roberts1 ,,elizabeth ,,wentworth4_/b ,no reply to circular4 b,,robinson1 ,,mrs4 ,,imogene ,,morrell4_/b ,medals at the ,mechanics' ,fair1 ,boston1 and at the ,centennial ,exhibition1 ,philadelphia1 #ahgf4 ,born in ,attleborough1 ,massachusetts4 ,pupil of ,camphausen in ,dsseldorf1 and of ,couture in ,paris1 where she resided several years4 ,among her important works are ,the ,first ,battle between the ,puritans and ,indians and ,washington and ,his ,staff ,welcoming a ,provision ,train1 both at ,philadelphia4 ,mrs4 ,morrell continued to sign her pictures with her maiden name1 ,imogene ,robinson4 ,a critic of the ,new ,york ,evening ,post said of her pictures at ,philadelphia3 ,in the painting of the horses ,mrs4 ,morrell has shown great knowledge of their action1 and their finish is superb4 ,the work is painted with great strength throughout1 and its solidity and forcible treatment will be admired by all who take an interest in ,revolutionary history4444 ,in the drawing of the figures of ,standish and the chief at his side1 and the dead and dying savages1 there is a fine display of artistic power1 and the grouping of the figures is masterly4444 ,in color the works are exceedingly brilliant4 b,,robusti1 ,,marietta4_/b ,born in ,venice4 #aefj-aeij4 ,the parentage of this artist would seem to promise her talent and insure its culture4 ,she was the daughter of ,jacopo ,robusti1 better known as ,il ,tintoretto1 who has been called the thunder of art1 and who avowed his ambition to equal the drawing of ,michael ,angelo and the coloring of ,titian4 ,the portrait of ,marietta ,robusti proves her to have been justly celebrated for her beauty4 ,her face is sweet and gentle in expression4 ,she was sprightly in manner and full of enthusiasm for anything that interested and attracted her2 she had a good talent for music and a charming voice in singing4 ,her father's fondness for her made him desire her constant companionship1 and at times he permitted her to dress as a boy and share with him certain studies that she could only have made in this disguise4 ,tintoretto carefully cultivated the talents of his daughter1 and some of the portraits she painted did her honor4 ,that of ,marco dei ,vescovi first turned public attention to her artistic merits4 ,the beard was especially praised and it was even said by good judges that she equalled her father4 ,indeed1 her works were so enthusiastically esteemed by some critics that it is difficult to make a just estimate of her as an artist1 but we are assured of her exquisite taste in the arrangement of her pictures and of the rare excellence of her coloring4 ,it soon became the fashion in the aristocratic circles of ,venice to sit for portraits to this fascinating artist4 ,her likeness of ,jacopo ,strada1 the antiquarian1 was considered a worthy gift for the ,emperor ,maximilian1 and a portrait of ,marietta was hung in the chamber of his ,majesty4 ,maximilian1 ,philip ,,ii4 of ,spain1 and the ,archduke ,ferdinand1 each in turn invited ,marietta to be the painter of his ,court4 ,tintoretto could not be induced to be separated from his daughter1 and the honors she received so alarmed him that he hastened to marry her to ,mario ,augusti1 a wealthy ,german jeweller1 upon the condition that she should remain at home4 ,but the ,monarch who asks no consent and heeds no refusal claimed this daughter so beloved4 ,she died at thirty1 and it is recorded that both her father and her husband mourned for her so long as they lived4 ,marietta was buried in the ,church of ,santa ,maria dell' ,orto1 where1 within sight of her tomb1 are several of her father's pictures4 ,tintoretto painting his daughter's portrait after her death has been the subject of pictures by artists of various countries1 and has lost nothing of its poetic and pathetic interest in the three centuries and more that have elapsed since that day when the brave old artist painted the likeness of all that remained to him of his idolized child4 b,,rocchi1 ,,linda4_/b ,born in ,florence2 she resides in ,geneva4 ,two of her flower pieces1 in water-color1 were seen at the ,fine ,arts ,exposition1 ,milan1 #ahha4 ,in #ahhc1 also in ,milan1 she exhibited ,a ,wedding ,garland1 ,hawthorne1 etc4 ,the constantly increasing brilliancy of her work was shown in three pictures1 flowers in water-colors1 seen at the ,milan ,exposition1 #ahhf4 ,to ,vienna1 #ahhg1 she sent four pictures of wild flowers1 which were much admired4 b,,rocco1 ,,lili ,,rosalia4_/b ,honorable mention1 a bronze medal1 and four silver medals were accorded this artist at the ,institute of ,fine ,arts in ,naples1 where she studied from #ahhj to #ahhf1 and was also a pupil of ,solari4 ,born in ,mazzara del ,vallo1 ,sicily1 #ahfc4 ,in #ahhf she exhibited1 at ,naples1 ,cari ,fiori6 at ,palermo1 ,flora2 and in ,rome1 ,a ,sicilian ,contadina4 ,in #ahhh her picture1 ,spring1 was exhibited in ,london4 ,two of her works were in the ,simonetti ,exposition1 #ahhi1 one being a marine view from her birthplace4 ,she has painted many portraits1 both in oils and water-colors1 and has been appointed a teacher in at least two ,government schools in ,naples4 b,,rodiana1 ,,onorata4_/b ,was a contemporary of the saintly ,caterina de ,vigri1 but was of quite another order of women4 ,she had one quality which1 if not always attractive1 at least commands attention4 ,she was unique1 since we know of no other woman who was at the same time a successful artist and a valiant soldier6 ,born in ,castelleone1 near ,cremona1 early in the fifteenth century1 she was known as a reputable artist while still young1 and was commissioned to decorate the palace of the tyrant1 ,gabrino ,fondolo1 at ,cremona4 ,the girlish painter was beautiful in person1 frank and engaging in manner1 and most attractive to the gentlemen of the tyrant's court4 ,one day when alone and absorbed in the execution of a wall-painting1 a dissolute young noble addressed her with insulting freedom4 ,she could not escape1 and in the struggle which ensued she drew a dagger and stabbed her assailant to the heart4 ,rushing from the palace1 she disguised herself in male attire and fled to the mountains1 where she joined a company of ,condottieri4 ,she soon became so good a soldier that she was made an officer of the band4 ,fondolo raged as tyrants are wont to do1 both on account of the murder and of the escape4 ,he vowed the direst vengeance on ,onorata if ever she were again in his power4 ,later1 when his anger had cooled and he had no other artist at command who could worthily complete her decorations1 he published her pardon and summoned her to return to his service4 ,onorata completed her work1 but her new vocation held her with a potent spell1 and henceforth she led a divided life--never entirely relinquishing her brush1 and remaining always a soldier4 ,when ,castelleone was besieged by the ,venetians1 ,onorata led her band thither and was victorious in the defence of her birthplace4 ,she was fatally wounded in this action and died soon after1 in the midst of the men and women whose homes she had saved4 ,they loved her for her bravery and deeply mourned the sacrifice of her life4 ,few stories from real life are so interesting and romantic as this1 yet little notice has been taken of ,onorata's talent or of her prowess1 while many less spirited and unusual lives have been commemorated in prose and poetry4 b,,rodriguez ,,de ,,toro1 ,,luisa4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,madrid1 #ahef1 for a picture of ,queen ,isabel the ,catholic ,reading with ,doa ,beatriz de ,galindo2 honorable mention1 #ahfj1 for her ,boabdil ,returning from ,prison4 ,born in ,madrid2 a descendant of the ,counts of ,los ,villares1 and wife of the ,count of ,mirasol4 ,pupil of ,crlos ,ribera4 b,,ronner1 ,,mme4 ,,henriette4_/b ,medals and honorable mentions and elections to academies have been showered on ,mme4 ,ronner all over ,europe4 ,the ,king of ,belgium decorated her with the ,cross of the ,order of ,leopold4 ,born in ,amsterdam in #ahba4 ,the grandfather of this artist was ,nicolas ,frederick ,knip1 a flower painter2 her father1 ,josephus ,augustus ,knip1 a landscape painter1 went blind1 and after this misfortune was the teacher of his daughter2 her aunt1 for whom she was named1 received medals in ,paris and ,amsterdam for her flower pictures4 ,what could ,henriette ,knip do except paint pictures8 ,hers was a clear case of predestination6 ,at all events1 almost from babyhood she occupied herself with her pencil1 and when she was twelve years old her blind father began to teach her4 ,even at six years of age it was plainly seen that she would be a painter of animals4 ,when sixteen she exhibited a ,cat in a ,window1 and from that time was considered a reputable artist4 ,in #ahej she was married and settled in ,brussels4 ,from this time for fifteen years she painted dogs almost without exception4 ,her picture called ,friend of ,man was exhibited in #ahej4 ,it is her most famous work and represents an old sand-seller1 whose dog1 still harnessed to the little sand-wagon1 is dying1 while two other dogs are looking on with well-defined sympathy4 ,it is a most pathetic scene1 wonderfully rendered4 ,about #ahgj she devoted herself to pictures of cats1 in which specialty of art she has been most important4 ,in #ahgf1 however1 she sent to the ,philadelphia ,exposition a picture of ,setter ,dogs4 ,a ,cart ,drawn by ,dogs is in the ,museum at ,hanover2 ,dog and ,pigeon1 in the ,stettin ,museum2 ,coming from ,market is in a private collection in ,san ,francisco4 ,mme4 ,ronner has invented a method of posing cats that is ingenious and of great advantage4 ,to the uninitiated it would seem that one could only take the portrait of a sleeping cat1 so untiring are the little beasts in their gymnastic performances4 ,but ,mme4 ,ronner1 having studied them with infinite patience1 proceeded to arrange a glass box1 in which1 on a comfortable cushion1 she persuades her cats to assume the positions she desires4 ,this box is enclosed in a wire cage1 and from the top of this she hangs some cat attraction1 upon which the creature bounds and shows those wonderful antics that the artist has so marvellously reproduced in her painting4 ,mme4 ,ronner has two favorite models1 ,jem and ,monmouth4 ,the last name is classical1 since the cat of ,mother ,michel has been made immortal4 ,miss ,winslow1 in ,concerning ,cats1 says that ,mme4 ,ronner excels all other cat painters1 living or dead4 ,she not only infuses a wonderful degree of life into her little figures1 but reproduces the shades of expression1 shifting and variable as the sands of the sea1 as no other artist of the brush has done4 ,asleep or awake1 her cats look to the felinarian like cats with whom he or she is familiar4 ,curiosity1 drowsiness1 indifference1 alertness1 love1 hate1 anxiety1 temper1 innocence1 cunning1 fear1 confidence1 mischief1 earnestness1 dignity1 helplessness--they are all in ,mme4 ,ronner's cats' faces1 just as we see them in our own cats4 ,it is but a short time ago that ,mme4 ,ronner was still painting in ,brussels1 and had not only cats1 but a splendid black dog and a cockatoo to bear her company1 while her son is devoted to her4 ,her house is large and her grounds pleasant1 and her fourscore years did not prevent her painting several hours a day1 and1 like some other ladies of whom we know1 she was eighty years young4 ,the editor of the ,magazine of ,art1 ,m4 ,h4 ,spielman1 in an article on the ,royal ,academy ,exhibition1 #aijc1 writes3 ,what the dog is to ,mr4 ,riviere1 to ,madame ,ronner is the cat4 ,with what unerring truth she records delightful kittenly nature1 the feline nobility of haughty indifference to human approval or discontent1 the subtlety of expression1 and drawing of heads and bodies1 the exact quality and tone of the fur1 the expressive eloquence of the tail6 ,with all her eighty years1 ,madame ,ronner's hand1 vision1 and sensibility have not diminished2 only her sobriety of color seems to have increased4 ,her pictures of this year were called ,the ,ladybird and ,coaxing4 ,to the ,exhibition of the ,beaux-,arts in ,brussels1 #aijc1 ,mme4 ,ronner sent pictures of cats1 full of life and mischief4 b,,roosenboom1 ,,margarite ,,vogel4_/b ,second-class medal1 ,munich1 #ahib4 ,born in #ahdc and died in #ahif1 near ,the ,hague4 ,she spent a large part of her life near ,utrecht1 devoting herself mainly to the painting of flowers4 ,one of her works is in the ,royal ,museum at ,amsterdam1 and another in the ,museum at ,breslau4 b,,rope1 ,,ellen ,m4_/b ,this ,english sculptor executed four large panels for the ,women's ,building at the ,chicago ,exhibition4 ,they represented ,faith1 ,hope1 ,charity1 and ,heavenly ,wisdom4 ,they are now in the ,ladies' ,dwelling1 ,cherries ,street1 ,london4 ,a ,memorial by her is in ,salisbury ,cathedral4 ,her reliefs of children are1 however1 her best works2 that of a ,boy on a ,dolphin is most attractive4 ,christ ,blessing ,little ,children is charmingly rendered4 ,at the ,academy1 #aijc1 she exhibited a panel for an organ chamber1 in low relief4 b,,rosa1 ,,aniella ,,di4_/b #afac-afdi4 ,a pupil in ,naples of ,stanzioni1 who1 by reason of her violent death1 has been called the ,neapolitan ,sirani4 ,she acquired a good reputation as a historical painter and doubtless had unusual talent1 but as she worked in conjunction with ,stanzioni and with her husband1 ,agostino ,beltrano1 it is difficult to speak of works entirely her own4 ,two pictures that were acknowledged to be hers represented the birth and death of the ,virgin2 these were praised and were at one time in a church in ,naples1 but in a recent search for them ,i was unable to satisfy myself that the pictures ,i saw were genuine4 ,another pupil in the studio of ,stanzioni was the ,beltrano whom ,aniella married4 ,he painted in fresco1 ,aniella in oils1 and they were frequently employed together4 ,the fine picture of ,san ,biagio1 in the church of ,santa ,maria della ,sanit1 was one of their joint works4 ,their early married life was very happy1 but ,aniella was beautiful and ,beltrano grew jealous2 it is said without cause1 through the influence of a woman who loved him and hated ,aniella2 and in spite of the efforts she made to merit her husband's confidence1 his distrust of her increased4 ,her base rival1 by her art and falsehood1 finally succeeded in convincing ,beltrano that ,aniella was unworthy1 and in his rage he fatally stabbed her1 when1 at thirty-six1 she was in the prime of her beauty and talent4 ,she survived long enough to convince her husband of her innocence and to pardon him for his crime1 but he fled from ,italy and lived the life of an outcast during ten years4 ,he then returned to ,naples1 where after seven years1 tormented by remorse1 death came to his release4 ,domenici generously praised the works of ,aniella1 and quoted her master1 ,stanzioni1 as saying that she was the equal of the best painters of her time4 b,,rosalba4_/b ,see ,carriera4 b,,rossi1 ,,properzia ,,de4_/b ,born in ,bologna4 #adij-aecj4 ,this artist was the first woman to succeed as a sculptor whose works can still be seen4 ,pupil of ,raimondi1 she was more or less influenced by ,tribolo4 ,in the ,church of ,san ,petronio1 in her native city1 in the eleventh chapel1 is a beautiful bas-relief of two angels1 executed by ,properzia4 ,they are near ,tribolo's ,ascension4 ,a relief and a portrait bust in the same church are also ascribed to her4 ,her first work in sculpture was a minute representation of the ,crucifixion on a peach stone6 ,the executioners1 women1 soldiers1 and disciples were all represented in this infinitesimal space4 ,she also inserted in a coat of arms a double-headed eagle in silver filigree2 eleven peach stones on each side1 one set representing eleven apostles with an article of the creed underneath1 the other set eleven virgins with the name of a saint and her special attribute on each4 ,some of these intaglios are still in a private collection in ,bologna4 ,at length ,properzia saw the folly of thus belittling her talent1 and when the facade of ,san ,petronio was to be enriched with sculpture she asked for a share in the work and presented a bust she had made as a pledge of her ability2 she was appointed to execute a portion of the decorations4 ,she made a bas-relief1 the subject being ,joseph and ,potiphar's ,wife1 which ,vasari called a lovely picture1 sculptured with womanly grace1 and more than admirable4 ,by this time the jealousy of other artists was aroused1 and a story was diligently repeated to the effect that ,properzia loved a young nobleman who did not care for her1 and that the above work1 so much admired1 represented her own passion4 ,albertini and other artists waged an absolute crusade against her1 and so influenced the superintendents of the church that ,properzia was obliged to leave the work and her relief was never put in place4 ,through mortification and grief her health failed1 and she died when but forty years old4 ,in spite of her persecution she was known in all ,italy1 not only for her sculpture1 but for her copper-plate engraving and etching4 ,when ,pope ,clement ,,vii4 went to ,bologna for the coronation of ,charles ,v4 he asked for ,properzia1 only to hear that she had been buried that very week4 ,her story has been told by ,vasari and other writers4 ,she was handsome1 accomplished in music1 distinguished for her knowledge of science1 and withal a good and orderly housewife4 ,well calculated to awaken the envy1 not of women only1 but also of men4 ,canova ardently admired the work of ,properzia that remained in his day1 and esteemed her early death as one of the chief misfortunes to the advance of the fine arts in ,italy4 b,,rotky1 ,,baroness ,,hanna4_/b ,born at ,czernowitz in #aheg4 ,she studied portrait painting under ,blaas1 ,swerdts1 and ,trentino1 and has worked principally in ,vienna4 ,her portrait of ,freiherr von ,sterneck is in the ,military ,academy at ,wiener-,neustadt4 b,,rudder1 ,,mme4 ,,de4_/b ,this lady has made an art of her embroidery1 and may be said to have revived this decorative specialty and to have equalled the ancient productions which are so beautiful and valuable4 ,after her marriage to the well-known sculptor this gifted couple began their collaboration4 ,m4 ,p4 ,verneuil1 in ,brush and ,pencil1 ,november1 #aijc1 writes3 ,the first result of this joint work was shown in #ahid at the ,exposition ,cercle pour l',art1 in the form of a panel1 called ',the ,eagle and the ,swan4' ,it was exhibited afterward at the ,secession in ,vienna1 where it was purchased by a well-known amateur and connoisseur4 ,other works were produced in succession1 each more interesting than its predecessor4 ,not daunted by difficulties that would have discouraged the most ambitious and audacious craftswoman1 ,mme4 de ,rudder took for a subject ',the ,fates1' to decorate a screen4 ,aside from the artistic interest attaching to this work1 it is remarkable for another quality4 ,the artist yielded to the instinctive liking that she had for useful art--she ornamented a useful article--and in mastering the technical difficulties of her work she created the new method called 're-embroidery4' ,for the dresses of her ',fates' ancient silks were utilized for a background4 ,some of the pieces had moth-holes1 which necessitated the addition of 'supplementary ornamental motives1' 'embroidered on cloth to conceal the defects4' ,the discovery of 're-embroidery' was the result of this enforced expedient4 ,this screen1 finished in #ahif1 was exhibited at the ,cercle ,artistique1 ,brussels1 where the mayor1 ,m4 ,buls1 saw it4 ,realizing the possibilities of the method and the skill of the artist1 he gave an order to ,mme4 de ,rudder to decorate the ,marriage ,hall of the ,hotel de ,ville4 ,this order was delivered in #ahif4 ,during this period ,mme4 de ,rudder worked feverishly4 ,about the same time that the order for the ,hotel de ,ville was given1 she received from ,m4 ,van ,yssendyck1 architect of the ,hotel ,provincial in ,ghent1 a commission to design and embroider six large allegorical panels4 ,one of them represented ',wisdom' in the habiliments of ,minerva1 modernized1 holding an olive branch4 ,the five others were ',justice1' holding a thistle1 symbolizing law2 ',eloquence1' crowned with roses and holding a lyre2 ',strength1' bending an oak branch2 ',truth1' crushing a serpent and bearing a mirror and some lilies2 and ',prudence1' with the horn of plenty and some holly4 ,these six panels are remarkable for the beautiful decorative feeling that suffuses their composition4 ,the tricks of workmanship are varied1 and all combine to give a wonderful effect4 ,contrary to the form of presenting the ',fates1' all the figures are draped4 ,her next important commission was for eight large panels1 intended to decorate the ,congo ,free ,state department in the ,brussels ,exposition4 ,these panels represent the ,triumph of ,civilization over ,barbarism1 and are now in the ,museum at ,tervueren4 ,they are curious in their symbols of fetichism1 and have an attraction that one can scarcely explain4 ,the above are but a part of her important works1 and naturally1 when not absorbed by these1 ,mme4 de ,rudder executes some smaller pieces which are marvels of patience in their exquisite detail4 ,perhaps her panels of the ,four ,seasons may be called her chef-d'oeuvre4 ,the writer quoted above also says3 ,to ,mme4 de ,rudder must be given the credit for the interpretation of work demanding large and varied decorative effect1 while in the creation of true artistic composition she easily stands at the head of the limited coterie of men and women who have mastered this delicate and difficult art4 ,she is a leader in her peculiar craft4 b,,rude1 ,,mme4 ,,sophie ,,fr,,miet4_/b #agig-ahfg4 ,medal at ,paris ,salon1 #ahcc4 ,born in ,dijon4 ,this artist painted historical and genre subjects as well as portraits4 ,her picture of the ,sleeping ,virgin1 #ahca1 and that of the ,arrest of the ,duchess of ,burgundy in ,bruges1 #ahda1 are in the ,dijon ,museum4 b,,ruysch1 ,,rachel4_/b ,the perfection of flower-painting is seen in the works of ,rachel ,ruysch4 ,the daughter of a distinguished professor of anatomy1 she was born at ,amsterdam in #affd4 ,she was for a time a pupil of ,william van ,aelst1 but soon studied from nature alone4 ,some art critics esteem her works superior to those of ,de ,heem and ,van ,huysum4 ,let that be as it may1 the pictures with which she was no doubt dissatisfied when they passed from her hand more than two centuries ago are greatly valued to-day and her genius is undisputed4 ,when thirty years old ,rachel ,ruysch married the portrait painter1 ,julian van ,pool4 ,she bore him ten children1 but in the midst of all her cares she never laid her brush aside4 ,her reputation extended to every court of ,europe4 ,she received many honors1 and was elected to the ,academical ,society at ,the ,hague4 ,she was received with distinguished courtesies on the two occasions when she visited ,dsseldorf4 ,illustration3 ,alinari1 ,photo4 ,in the ,pitti ,gallery1 ,florence ,,fruit1 ,,flowers1 ,,and ,,insects ,,rachel ,,ruysch ,the ,elector ,john of ,pfalz appointed her painter at his court1 and beyond paying her generously for her pictures1 bestowed valuable gifts on her4 ,the ,elector sent several of her works to the ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany and to other distinguished rulers of that day4 ,the advance of years in no wise dulled her powers4 ,her pictures painted when eighty years old are as delicately finished as those of many years earlier4 ,she died when eighty-six1 respected by the great1 beloved even by her rivals1 praised by all who knew her4 ,the pictures by ,rachel ,ruysch are honorably placed in many public galleries2 in those of ,florence and ,turin1 as well as at ,amsterdam1 ,the ,hague1 ,berlin1 ,dresden1 ,vienna1 and ,munich1 they are much valued4 ,although these pictures are characterized by extreme delicacy of touch1 softness1 and lightness1 this artist knew how so to combine these qualities as to impart an effect of strength to her painting4 ,her rendering of separate flowers was exquisite1 and her roses1 either by themselves or combined with other flowers1 are especially beautiful4 ,she painted fruits in perfection1 and the insects and butterflies which she sometimes added are admirably executed4 ,the chief criticism that can be made of her pictures is that she was less skilful in the grouping of her flowers than in their painting4 ,many of her works are in private galleries1 especially in ,holland4 ,they are rarely sold2 in ,london1 about thirty years ago1 a small ,bouquet of ,flowers with ,insects was sold for more than two thousand dollars1 and is now of double that value4 ,her pictures have the same clearness and individuality that are seen in her portrait1 in which she has short hair1 a simple low-cut dress1 with a necklace of beads about the throat4 b,,salles1 ,,adelheid4_/b ,born in ,dresden1 #ahbe2 died in ,paris1 #ahij4 ,pupil of ,bernhard and ,jacquand1 she established her studio in ,paris4 ,many of her works are in museums3 ,elijah in the ,desert1 at ,lyons2 ,the ,legend of the ,alyscamps1 at ,nmes2 ,the ,village ,maiden1 at ,grenoble2 ,field ,flowers1 at ,havre1 etc4 ,she also painted portraits and historical subjects1 among which are ,psyche in ,olympus1 ,the ,daughters of ,jerusalem in the ,babylonian ,captivity1 and the ,daughter of ,jairus4 ,she was a sister of ,e4 ,puyroche-,wagner4 b,,sartain1 ,,emily4_/b ,medal at ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 #ahgf2 ,mary ,smith prize at the ,pennsylvania ,academy for best painting by a woman1 in #ahha and #ahhc4 ,born in ,philadelphia1 #ahda4 ,miss ,sartain has been the principal of the ,philadelphia ,school of ,design for ,women since #ahhf4 ,she studied engraving under her father1 ,john ,sartain1 and with ,luminais in ,paris4 ,she engraved and etched book illustrations and numerous larger prints4 ,she is also a painter of portraits and genre pictures1 and has exhibited at the ,salon des ,beaux-,arts1 ,paris4 ,miss ,sartain has been appointed as delegate from the ,united ,states to the ,international ,congress on ,instruction in ,drawing to be held at ,berne next ,august4 ,her appointment was recommended by the ,secretary of the ,interior1 the ,united ,states ,commissioner of ,education1 and ,prof4 ,j4 ,h4 ,gore4 ,miss ,sartain has also received letters from ,switzerland from ,m4 ,leon ,genoud1 president of the ,swiss ,commission1 begging her to accept the appointment4 b,,schaefer1 ,,maria4_/b ,first-class medal1 ,bene-merenti1 ,roumania4 ,born in ,dresden1 #ahed4 ,her first studies were made in ,darmstadt under ,a4 ,noack2 later she was a pupil of ,budde and ,bauer in ,dsseldorf1 and finally of ,eisenmenger in ,vienna4 ,after travelling in ,italy in #ahgi1 she settled in ,darmstadt4 ,she made several beautiful copies of ,holbein's ,madonna1 one for the ,king of ,roumania1 and one as a gift from the city of ,darmstadt to the ,czarina ,alexandra4 ,among her most excellent portraits are those of ,friedrich von ,schmidt and his son ,henry4 ,several of her religious paintings ornament ,german churches3 ,st4 ,elizabeth is at ,biedenkopf1 ,mary's ,departure from the ,tomb of ,christ is at ,nierstein1 and ,christ with ,st4 ,louis and ,st4 ,elizabeth and a ,rosary picture are in the ,catholic church at ,darmstadt4 b,,scheffer1 ,,caroline4_/b ,the daughter of ,ary ,lamme and wife of ,j4 ,b4 ,scheffer was an artist in the last decades of the eighteenth century1 but the special interest connected with her is the fact that she was the mother of ,ary and ,henry ,scheffer4 ,from her artistic standpoint she had an appreciation of what was needed for the benefit of her sons4 ,she took them to ,paris to study1 devoted herself entirely to their welfare1 and died in ,paris in #ahci4 b,,schleh1 ,,anna4_/b ,born in ,berlin1 #ahcc4 ,her principal studies were made in her native city under ,schrader1 although she went to ,rome in #ahfh1 and finally took up her residence there4 ,she had1 previous to her work in ,rome1 painted ,the ,marys at the ,grave4 ,her later pictures include ,the ,citron-,vender and a number of portraits for the ,henkel family of ,donnersmark4 b,,schmitt-,,schenkh1 ,,maria4_/b ,born in ,baden1 #ahcg4 ,she studied her art in ,munich1 ,carlsruhe1 and ,italy4 ,she established herself in ,munich and painted pictures for churches1 which are in ,kirrlach1 ,mauer1 ,ziegelhausen1 and other ,german towns4 ,she also designed church windows1 especially for the ,liebfrauenkirche at ,carlsruhe4 b,,schumann1 ,,anna ,,maria4_/b ,was called by the ,dutch poets their ,sappho and their ,corneille4 ,she was born in #afjg1 but as her family were ,protestants and frequently changed their residence in order to avoid persecution1 the place of her birth is unknown4 ,when ,anna ,maria was eight years old1 they went permanently to ,utrecht4 ,this distinguished woman was one of the exceptions said to prove rules1 for though a prodigy in childhood she did not become a commonplace or stupid woman4 ,learning was her passion and art her recreation4 ,it is difficult to repeat what is recorded of her unusual attainments and not feel as if one were being misled by a ,munchausen6 ,but it would be ungracious to lessen a fame almost three centuries old4 ,we are told that ,anna ,maria could speak in ,latin when seven years old1 and translated from ,seneca at ten4 ,she acquired the ,hebrew1 ,greek1 ,samaritan1 ,arabic1 ,chaldaic1 ,syriac1 ,ethiopian1 ,turkish1 and ,persian languages with such thoroughness that her admirers claim that she wrote and spoke them all4 ,she also read with ease and spoke with finished elegance ,italian1 ,spanish1 ,english1 and ,french1 besides ,german and her native tongue4 ,anna ,maria ,schurmann wrote verses in various languages1 but the chief end which her exhaustive studies served was to aid her in theological research2 in this she found her greatest satisfaction and deepest interest4 ,she was respectfully consulted upon important questions by the scholars of different countries4 ,at the ,university of ,utrecht an honorable place was reserved for her in the lecture-rooms1 and she frequently took part in the learned discussions there4 ,the professors of the ,university of ,leyden paid her the compliment of erecting a tribune where she could hear all that passed in the lecture-room without being seen by the audience4 ,as an artist the ,schurmann reached such excellence that the painter ,honthorst valued a portrait by her at a thousand ,dutch florins--about four hundred and thirty dollars--an enormous sum when we remember that the works of her contemporary1 ,albert ,cuyp1 were sold for thirty florins6 and no higher price was paid for his works before the middle of the eighteenth century4 ,a few years ago his picture1 called ,morning ,light1 was sold at a public sale in ,london for twenty-five thousand dollars4 ,how astonishing that a celebrated artist like ,honthorst1 who painted in ,utrecht when ,cuyp painted in ,dort1 should have valued a portrait by ,anna ,maria ,schurmann at the price of thirty-three works by ,cuyp6 ,such facts as these suggest a question regarding the relative value of the works of more modern artists4 ,will the judgments of the present be thus reversed in the future8 ,this extraordinary woman filled the measure of possibilities by carving in wood and ivory1 engraving on crystal and copper1 and having a fine musical talent1 playing on several instruments4 ,when it is added that she was of a lovable nature and attractive in manner1 one is not surprised that her contemporaries called her the wonder of creation4 ,volsius was her friend and taught her ,hebrew4 ,she was intimately associated with such scholars as ,salmatius and ,heinsius1 and was in correspondence with scholars1 philosophers1 and theologians regarding important questions of her time4 ,anna ,maria ,schurmann was singularly free from egotism4 ,she rarely consented to publish her writings1 though often urged to do so4 ,she avoided publicity and refused complimentary attentions which were urged upon her1 conducting herself with a modesty as rare as her endowments4 ,in #affd1 when travelling with her brother1 she became acquainted with ,labadie1 the celebrated ,french enthusiast who preached new doctrines4 ,he had many disciples called ,labadists4 ,he taught that ,god used deceit with man when ,he judged it well for man to be deceived2 that contemplation led to perfection2 that self-mortification1 self-denial1 and prayer were necessary to a godly life2 and that the ,holy ,spirit constantly made new revelations to the human beings prepared to receive them4 ,anna ,maria ,schurmann heard these doctrines when prostrated by a double sorrow1 the deaths of her father and brother4 ,she put aside all other interests and devoted herself to those of the ,labadists4 ,it is said that after the death of ,labadie she gathered his disciples together and conducted them to ,vivert1 in ,friesland4 ,william ,penn saw her there1 and in his account of the meeting he tells how much he was impressed by her grave solemnity and vigorous intellect4 ,from this time she devoted her fortune to charity and died in poverty at the age of seventy-one4 ,besides her fame as an artist and a scholar1 her name was renowned for purity of heart and fervent religious feeling4 ,her virtues were many and her few faults were such as could not belong to an ignoble nature4 b,,scudder1 ,,janet4_/b ,medal at ,columbian ,exposition1 #ahic4 ,two of her medallion portraits are in the ,luxembourg1 ,paris4 ,member of the ,national ,sculpture ,society1 ,new ,york4 ,born in ,terre ,haute1 ,indiana4 ,pupil of ,rebisso in ,cincinnati1 of ,lorado ,taft in ,chicago1 and of ,frederic ,mac,monnies in ,paris4 ,at the ,chicago ,exposition ,miss ,scudder exhibited two heroic-sized statues representing ,illinois and ,indiana4 ,the portraits purchased by the ,french ,government are of ,american women and are the first work of an ,american woman sculptor to be admitted to the ,luxembourg4 ,these medallions are in bas-relief in marble1 framed in bronze4 ,casts from them have been made in gold and silver4 ,the first is said to be the largest medallion ever made in gold2 it is about four inches long4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,frog ,,fountain ,,janet ,,scudder ,to the ,pan-,american ,exposition ,miss ,scudder contributed four boys standing on a snail1 which made a part of the ,fountain of ,abundance4 ,she has exhibited in ,new ,york and ,philadelphia a fountain1 representing a boy dancing hilariously and snapping his fingers at four huge frogs round his pedestal4 ,the water spurts from the mouths of the frogs and covers the naked child4 ,miss ,scudder is commissioned to make a portrait statue of heroic size for the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,she will no doubt exhibit smaller works there4 ,portraits are her specialty1 and in these she has made a success1 as is proved by the appreciation of her work in ,paris4 ,a memorial figure in marble is in ,woodlawn ,cemetery1 also a cinerary urn in stone and bronze2 a bronze memorial tablet is in ,union ,college4 ,miss ,scudder also made the seal for the ,bar ,association of ,new ,york4 b,,sears1 ,,sarah ,c4_/b ,medal at ,chicago1 #ahic2 ,william ,evans prize1 ,american ,water-,color ,society1 ,new ,york2 honorable mention1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 bronze medal at ,buffalo1 #aija2 silver medal at ,charleston1 ,south ,carolina4 ,member of the ,new ,york ,water-,color ,club1 ,boston ,art ,students' ,association1 ,national ,arts ,club1 ,boston ,water-,color ,club4 ,born in ,cambridge1 ,massachusetts4 ,pupil of ,ross ,turner1 ,joseph de ,camp1 ,edmund ,c4 ,tarbell1 and ,george de ,forest ,brush4 ,mrs4 ,sears has also studied by herself with the criticism of masters4 ,she paints portraits1 figures1 and flowers1 and is much interested in the applied arts4 ,of her exhibition at the ,boston ,art ,club1 #aijc1 a critic writes3 ,nothing could be more brilliant in point of color than the group of seven water-color pictures of a sunny flower-garden by ,mrs4 ,sears4 ,in these works pure and limpid color has been pushed to its extreme capacity1 under full daylight conditions1 with a splendor of brightness which never crosses the line of crudity1 but holds the same relative values as we see in nature1 the utmost force of local color courageously set forth and contrasted without apparent artifice1 blending into an harmonious unity of tone4 ,two of these pictures are especially fine1 with their cool backgrounds of sombre pines to set off the magnificent masses of flowers in the foreground4 ,at the exhibition of the ,philadelphia ,water-,color ,club1 #aijc1 the ,press said3 ,these brilliant and overpowering combinations of color carry to a limit not before reached the decorative possibilities of flowers4 ,mrs4 ,sears' honors have been awarded to her portraits4 b,,seidler1 ,,caroline ,,luise4_/b ,born in ,jena1 #aghf2 died in ,weimar1 #ahff4 ,her early studies were made in ,gotha with ,doell2 in #ahaa she went to ,dresden1 where she became a pupil of ,g4 von ,kgelgen2 in #ahag ,langer received her into his ,munich studio2 and between #ahah and #ahbc she was in ,italy1 making special studies of ,vanucci and ,raphael4 ,in #ahbc she was appointed instructor of the royal princesses at ,weimar1 and in #ahbd inspector of the gallery there1 and later became court painter4 ,among her works are a portrait of ,goethe1 a picture of ,ulysses and the ,sirens1 and one of ,christ1 the ,compassionate1 which is in the church at ,schestadt1 ,holstein4 b,,serrano ,y ,,bartolom1 ,,joaquina4_/b ,born in ,fermoselle4 ,pupil in ,madrid of ,juan ,espalter1 of the ,school of ,arts and ,crafts1 and of the ,school of ,painting4 ,she sent four pictures to the ,exposition of #ahgf in ,madrid3 the portrait of a young woman1 a still-life subject1 a bunch of grapes1 and a ,peasant ,girl--the last two are in the ,museum of ,murcia4 ,in #ahgh she sent ,a ,kitchen ,maid on ,saturday1 a study1 a flower piece1 and two still-life pictures2 and in #ahha two portraits and some landscapes4 ,her portrait of the painter ,fortuny1 which belongs to the ,society of ,authors and ,artists1 gained her a membership in that ,society4 ,two other excellent portraits are those of her teacher1 ,espalter1 and ,general ,trillo4 b,,sewell1 ,,amanda ,,brewster4_/b ,bronze medal1 ,chicago1 #ahic2 bronze medal1 ,buffalo1 #aija2 silver medal1 ,charleston2 ,clarke prize1 ,academy of ,design1 #aijc4 ,member of the ,woman's ,art ,club and an associate of ,national ,academy of ,design4 ,born in ,northern ,new ,york4 ,pupil at ,cooper ,union under ,douglas ,volk and ,r4 ,swain ,gifford1 and of ,art ,students' ,league under ,william ,chase and ,william ,sartain2 also of ,julian's ,academy under ,tony ,robert ,fleury and ,bouguereau1 and of ,carolus ,duran4 ,mrs4 ,sewell's ,a ,village ,incident is owned by the ,philadelphia ,social ,art ,club2 ,where ,roses ,bloom is in the ,boston ,art ,club2 portrait of ,professor ,william ,r4 ,ware is in the ,library of ,columbia ,university4 ,her portrait of ,amalia ,kssner will be exhibited and published4 ,mrs4 ,sewell is the first woman to take the ,clarke prize4 ,she has been a careful student in the arrangement of portraits in order to make attractive pictures as well as satisfactory likenesses4 ,of the pictures she exhibited at the ,academy of ,design1 winter of #aijc1 ,charles ,h4 ,caffin writes3 ,the portrait of ,mrs4 ,charles ,s4 ,dodge1 by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,brewster ,sewell1 is the finest example in the exhibition of pictorial treatment1 the lady being wrapped in a brown velvet cloak with broad edges of brown fur1 and seated before a background of dark foliage4 ,it is a most distinguished canvas1 though one may object to the too obvious affectation of the arrangement of the hands and of the gesture of the head--features which will jar upon many eyes and detract from the general handsomeness4 ,the same lady sends a large classical subject1 the ',sacred ,hecatomb1' to which the ,clarke prize was awarded4 ,it represents a forest scene lit by slanting sunlight1 through which winds a string of bulls1 the foremost accompanied by a band of youths and maidens with dance and song4 ,the light effects are managed very skilfully and with convincing truth1 and the figures are free and animated in movement1 though the flesh tints are scarcely agreeable4 ,it is a decorative composition that might be fitly placed in a large hall in some country house4 b,,seydelmann1 ,,apollonie4_/b ,member of the ,dresden ,academy4 ,born at ,trieste about #agfh2 died in ,dresden1 #ahdj4 ,pupil of ,j4 ,c4 ,seydelmann1 whom she married4 ,later she went to ,italy and there studied miniature painting under ,madame ,maron4 ,she is best known for her excellent copies of old pictures1 and especially by her copy of the ,sistine ,madonna1 from which ,mller's engraving was made4 b,,shaw1 ,,annie ,c4_/b ,the first woman elected ,academician in the ,academy of ,design1 ,chicago1 #ahgf4 ,born at ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,pupil of ,h4 ,c4 ,ford4 ,landscape painter4 ,among her works are ,on the ,calumet1 ,willow ,island1 ,keene ,valley1 ,new ,york1 ,returning from the ,fair1 #ahgh1 which was exhibited in ,chicago1 ,new ,york1 and ,boston4 ,to the ,centennial1 ,philadelphia1 #ahgf1 she sent her ,illinois ,prairie4 ,returning from the ,fair shows a group of ,alderney cattle in a road curving through a forest4 ,at the time of its exhibition an art critic wrote3 ,the eye of the spectator is struck with the rich mass of foliage1 passing from the light green of the birches in the foreground1 where the light breaks through1 to the dark green of the dense forest1 shading into the brownish tints of the early ,september-tinged leaves4 ,farther on1 the eye is carried back through a beautiful vista formed by the road leading through the centre of the picture1 giving a fine perspective and distance through a leafy archway of elms and other forest trees that gracefully mingle their branches overhead1 through which one catches a glimpse of deep blue sky4 ,as the eye follows this roadway to its distant part the sun lights up the sky1 tingeing with a mellow light the group of small trees and willows1 contrasting beautifully with the almost sombre tones of the dense forest in the middle distance4 b,,shrimpton1 ,,ada ,m4_/b ,has exhibited at the ,royal ,academy1 ,royal ,institute of ,water-,colors1 ,british ,artists1 and principal provincial galleries in ,england and in ,australia2 also at the ,paris ,salon4 ,member of ,society of ,women ,artists1 ,london4 ,born in ,old ,alresford1 ,hampshire4 ,pupil of ,john ,sparkes at ,south ,kensington1 and of ,jean ,paul ,laurens and ,benjamin ,constant in ,paris4 ,this artist has painted principally figure subjects1 among which are ,cedric's ,daughter1 ,thoughts of ,youth are ,long ,thoughts1 ,dream of the ,past1 ,pippa ,passes1 ,dorothy's ,bridesmaid's ,dress1 etc41 etc4 ,recently she has devoted herself to portraits of ladies and children1 in both oil and water-colors4 b,,sirani1 ,,elisabetta4_/b ,has been praised as a woman and as an artist by ,lanzi1 ,malvasia1 ,picinardi1 and other writers until one must believe that in spite of the exaggeration of her personal qualities and her artistic genius1 she was a singularly admirable woman and a gifted artist4 ,she was born in ,bologna about #afdj1 and1 like ,artemisia ,gentileschi1 was the daughter of a painter of the school of ,guido ,reni1 whose follower ,elisabetta also became4 ,from the study of her master she seems to have acquired the power to perceive and reproduce the greatest possible beauty with which her subjects could be invested4 ,she worked with such rapidity that she was accused of profiting by her father's assistance1 and in order to refute this accusation it was arranged that the ,duchess of ,brunswick1 the ,duchess of ,mirandola1 ,duke ,cosimo1 and others should meet in her studio1 on which occasion ,elisabetta charmed and astonished her guests by the ease and perfection with which she sketched in and shaded drawings of the subjects which one person after another suggested to her4 ,her large picture of the ,baptism of ,christ was completed when the artist was but twenty years old4 ,malvasia gives a list of one hundred and twenty pictures executed by ,elisabetta1 and yet she was but twenty-five when her mysterious death occurred4 ,in the ,pinacoteca of ,bologna is the ,st4 ,anthony ,adoring the ,virgin and ,infant ,jesus1 by the ,sirani1 which is much admired2 several other works of hers are in her native city4 ,the ,death of ,abel is in the ,gallery of ,turin2 the ,charity1 in the ,sciarra ,palace in ,rome2 ,cupids and a picture of ,martha and ,mary1 in the ,vienna ,gallery2 an ,infant ,jesus and a picture called ,a ,subject after ,guido are in the ,hermitage at ,petersburg4 ,her composition was graceful and refined1 her drawing good1 her color fresh and sweet1 with a resemblance to ,guido ,reni in the half tones4 ,she was especially happy in the heads of the ,madonna and the ,magdalene1 imparting to them an expression of exalted tenderness4 ,her paintings on copper and her etchings were most attractive2 indeed1 all her works revealed the innate grace and refinement of her nature4 ,aside from her art the ,sirani was a most interesting woman4 ,she was very beautiful in person1 and the sweetness of her temper made her a favorite with her friends1 while her charming voice and fine musical talent added to her many attractions4 ,her admirers have also commended her taste in dress1 which was very simple1 and have even praised her moderation in eating6 ,she was skilled in domestic matters and accustomed to rise at dawn to attend to her household affairs1 not permitting her art to interfere with the more homely duties of her life4 ,one writer says that her devoted filial affection1 her feminine grace1 and the artless benignity of her manners rounded out a character regarded as an ideal of perfection by her friends4 ,it may be that her tragic fate caused an exaggerated estimate to be made of her both as a woman and an artist4 ,the actual cause of her death is unknown4 ,there have been many theories concerning it4 ,it was very generally believed that she was poisoned1 although neither the reason for the crime nor the name of its perpetrator was known4 ,by some she was believed to have been sacrificed to the same professional jealousy that destroyed ,domenichino2 others accepted the theory that a princely lover who had made unworthy proposals to her1 which she had scorned1 had revenged himself by her murder4 ,at length a servant1 ,lucia ,tolomelli1 who had been a long time in the ,sirani family1 was suspected of having poisoned her young mistress1 was arrested1 tried1 and banished4 ,but after a time the father of ,elisabetta1 finding no convincing reason to believe her guilty1 obtained her pardon4 ,whatever may have been the cause of the artist's death1 the effect upon her native city was overwhelming and the day of her burial was one of general mourning1 the ceremony being attended with great pomp4 ,she was buried beside ,guido ,reni1 in the ,chapel of ,our ,lady of the ,rosary1 in the magnificent ,church of the ,dominicans4 ,poets and orators vied with each other in sounding her praises1 and a book called ,il ,penello ,lagrimato1 published at ,bologna soon after her death1 is a collection of orations1 sonnets1 odes1 epitaphs1 and anagrams1 in ,latin and ,italian1 setting forth the love which her native city bore to this beautiful woman1 and rehearsing again and again her charms and her virtues4 ,in the ,ercolani ,gallery there is a picture of ,elisabetta painting a portrait of her father4 ,it is said that she also painted a portrait of herself looking up with a spiritual expression1 which is in a private collection and seen by few people4 b,,smith1 ,,jessie ,,willcox4_/b ,mary ,smith prize1 ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 #aijc4 ,member of the ,plastic ,club and a fellow of the ,academy1 ,philadelphia4 ,born in ,philadelphia1 where she was a pupil of the ,academy2 also studied under ,thomas ,eakins1 ,thomas ,p4 ,anschutz1 and ,howard ,pyle4 ,miss ,smith is essentially an illustrator and her work is seen in all the leading ,american magazines4 ,the ,child's ,calendar is the work of this artist4 b,,sonrel1 ,,mlle4 ,e4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris1 #ahic2 third-class medal1 #ahie2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 she exhibited ,sybille and ,monica2 in #aijc1 ,the ,dance of ,terpsichore and ,princesse ,lointaine4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,span1 ,,maria4_/b ,silver medal1 ,naples1 #ahei1 for a picture of a ,contadina of ,sorrento4 ,born in ,naples1 #ahdc4 ,pupil of her father1 ,raffaele ,span1 under whose direction she made a thorough study of figure painting1 the results of which are evident in her excellent portraits and historical subjects4 ,she has also been greatly interested in landscape painting1 in which she has been successful4 ,a ,confidence was bought by the ,gallery at ,capodimonte1 and two of her pictures were acquired by the ,provincial ,council of ,naples--a ,contadina1 life size1 and a ,country ,farmyard4 ,one of her best pictures is ,bice at the ,castle of ,rosate4 b,,spilimberg1 ,,irene ,,di4_/b ,born in ,udina1 #aedj4 ,her family was of ,german origin and exalted position4 ,she was educated in ,venice with great care and all the advantages that wealth could command4 ,she was much in the society of learned men1 which she preferred before that of the world of fashion4 ,titian was her roaster in painting4 ,lanzi and ,rudolfi praised her as an artist1 and her fame now rests on the testimony of those who saw her works rather than on the pictures themselves1 some of which are said to be in private collections in ,italy4 ,titian painted her portrait as a tribute to her beauty2 ,tasso celebrated her intellectual charm in a sonnet1 and yet she was but nineteen years old when she died4 ,twenty years later a collection of orations and poems was published1 all of which set forth her attractions and acquirements1 and emphasized the sadness of her early death and the loss that the world had suffered thereby4 ,when one remembers how soon after death those who have done a life work are forgotten1 such a memorial to one so young is worthy of note4 b,,spurr1 ,,gertrude ,e4_/b ,associate member of ,royal ,canadian ,academy and member of the ,ontario ,society of ,arts4 ,born in ,scarborough1 ,england4 ,pupil of the ,lambeth ,art ,school in drawing1 of ,e4 ,h4 ,holder in painting1 in ,england2 also of ,george ,b4 ,bridgman in ,new ,york4 ,this artist usually paints small pictures of rural scenery in ,england and ,wales--little stone cottages1 bridges1 river and mountain scenes4 ,castle ,rock1 ,north ,devon1 was exhibited at ,buffalo1 and is owned by ,herbert ,mason1 ,esq41 of ,toronto4 ,a ,peep at ,snowdon and ,dutch ,farm ,door1 ,ontario1 are in ,montreal collections4 ,her works have been exhibited in ,london at the ,royal ,society of ,british ,artists and the ,society of ,lady ,artists1 and have been sold from these exhibitions4 ,i quote from the ,queen1 in reference to one of ,miss ,spurr's ,london exhibitions3 ,we know of no more favorite sketching-ground in ,n4 ,wales for the artist than ,bettws-y-coed4 ,every yard of that most picturesque district has been painted and sketched over and over again4 ,the artist in this instance reproduces some of the very primitive cottages in which the natives of the principality sojourn4 ,the play of light on the modest dwelling-places is an effective element in the cleverly rendered drawing now in the ,society of ,artists' ,exhibition4 ,miss ,spurr1 the daughter of a ,scarboro lawyer1 commenced her art studies with ,mr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,holder1 in the winter painting dead birds1 fruit1 and other natural objects1 and in summer spending her time on the coast or in the woods or about ,rievaulx ,abbey4 ,any remaining time to be filled up was occupied by attending the ,scarboro ,school of ,art under the instruction of ,mr4 ,strange4 ,in a local sketching club ,miss ,spurr distinguished herself and gained several prizes1 and she has at length taken up her abode in the metropolis1 where she has attended the ,lambeth ,schools1 studying diligently both from casts and life4 b,,stacey1 ,,anna ,l4_/b ,honorable mention at ,exhibition of ,chicago ,artists1 #aijj2 ,young ,fortnightly ,club prize1 #aijb2 ,martin ,b4 ,cahn prize1 ,exhibition at ,art ,institute1 ,chicago1 #aijb4 ,member of ,chicago ,society of ,artists4 ,born in ,glasgow1 ,missouri4 ,pupil of ,art ,institute in ,chicago4 ,paints portraits1 figure subjects1 and landscapes4 ,the ,cahn prize was awarded to the ,village at ,twilight4 ,florence is owned by the ,klio ,club2 ,trophies of the ,fields1 by the ,union ,league ,club1 ,chicago4 ,recently ,miss ,stacey has painted a number of successful portraits4 b,,stading1 ,,evelina4_/b ,born in ,stockholm4 #ahjc-ahbi4 ,she was a pupil of ,fahlcrantz for a time in her native city1 and then went to ,dresden1 where she made a thorough study and some excellent copies of the works of ,ruisdael4 ,in #ahbg she went to ,rome1 making studies in ,volzburg and the ,tyrol en route4 ,she painted views in ,switzerland and ,italy1 and two of her landscapes are in the gallery in ,christiania4 b,,stanley1 ,,lady ,,dorothy4_/b ,member of the ,ladies' ,athenaeum ,club4 ,born in ,london4 ,pupil of ,sir ,edward ,poynter--then ,mr4 ,poynter--and of ,m4 ,legros1 at ,slade ,school1 ,university ,college1 ,london2 also of ,carolus ,duran and ,henner in ,paris4 ,lady ,stanley has exhibited at the ,royal ,academy1 the new ,gallery1 at the ,english provincial exhibitions1 and at the ,salon1 ,paris4 ,her picture1 ,his ,first ,offence1 is in the ,tate ,national ,gallery2 ,leap ,frog1 in the ,national ,gallery of ,natal1 ,pietermaritzburg4 ,other pictures of hers are ,a ,water ,nymph1 ,the ,bathers1 etc41 which are in private galleries4 ,leap ,frog was in the ,academy exhibition1 #aijc4 b,,stebbins1 ,,emma4_/b #ahae-ahhb4 ,born in ,new ,york4 ,as an amateur artist ,miss ,stebbins made a mark by her work in black and white and her pictures in oils4 ,after a time she decided to devote herself to sculpture4 ,in ,rome she studied this art and made her first success with a statuette of ,joseph4 ,this was followed by ,columbus and ,satan ,descending to tempt ,mankind4 ,for ,central ,park1 ,new ,york1 she executed a large fountain1 the subject being ,the ,angel of the ,waters4 b,,stephens1 ,,mrs4 ,,alice ,,barber4_/b ,mary ,smith prize1 #ahij4 ,pupil of the ,pennsylvania ,academy of ,fine ,arts and of the ,julian ,academy1 ,paris4 ,an illustrator whose favorite subjects are those of every-day home life--the baby1 the little child1 the grandmother in cap and spectacles1 etc4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,stevens1 ,,edith ,,barretto4_/b ,two scholarships and a prize of one hundred dollars from the ,art ,students' ,league1 of which she is a member4 ,born in ,houston1 ,virginia1 in #ahgh4 ,studied at ,art ,students' ,league and under ,daniel ,c4 ,french and ,george ,gray ,barnard4 ,miss ,stevens mentions as her principal works ,a ,candlestick ,representing a ,girl ,asleep under a ,poppy1 ,figure of ,spring1 and the ,spirit of ,flame4 ,miss ,stevens is one of the women sculptors who have been selected to share in the decoration of the buildings for the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,she is to make two reclining figures on the pediment over the main entrance to the ,liberal ,arts ,building4 ,she has in her studio two reclining figures which will probably serve to fulfil this commission4 ,miss ,stevens is modest about her work and does not care to talk much about this important commission1 even suggesting that her design may not be accepted2 if she is successful it will certainly be an unusual honor for a woman at her age1 whose artistic career covers less than five years4 b,,stevens1 ,,mary4_/b ,bronze medal at the ,crystal ,palace4 ,member of the ,dudley ,gallery1 ,london4 ,born at ,liverpool4 ,pupil of ,william ,kerry and of her husband1 ,albert ,stevens1 in ,england1 and of the ,julian ,academy1 ,paris4 ,mrs4 ,stevens' pictures were well considered when she exhibited a variety of subjects2 of late1 however1 she has made a specialty of pictures of gardens1 and has painted in many famous ,english and ,french gardens1 among others1 those of ,holland ,house1 ,warwick ,castle1 and ,st4 ,anne's1 ,dublin4 ,in ,france1 the gardens of the ,duchesse de ,dino and the ,countess ,foucher de ,careil4 ,mrs4 ,stevens--several of whose works are owned in ,america--has commissions to paint in some ,american gardens and intends to execute them in #aijd4 b,,stillman1 ,,marie ,,spartali4_/b ,pupil of ,ford ,madox ,brown4 ,this artist first exhibited in public at the ,dudley ,gallery1 ,london1 in #ahfg1 a picture called ,lady ,pray's ,desire4 ,in #ahgj she exhibited at the ,royal ,academy1 ,saint ,barbara and ,the ,mystic ,tryst4 ,in #ahgc she exhibited ,the ,finding of ,sir ,lancelot ,disguised as a ,fool and ,sir ,tristram and ,la ,belle ,isolde1 both in water-colors4 ,of these1 a writer in the ,art ,journal said3 ,mrs4 ,stillman has brought imagination to her work4 ,these vistas of garden landscape are conceived in the true spirit of romantic luxuriance1 when the beauty of each separate flower was a delight4 ,the figures1 too1 have a grace that belongs properly to art1 and which has been well fitted to pictorial expression4 ,the least satisfactory part of these clever drawings is their color4 ,there is an evident feeling of harmony1 but the effect is confused and the prevailing tones are uncomfortably warm4 ,w4 ,m4 ,rossetti wrote3 ,miss ,spartali has a fine power of fusing the emotion of her subject into its color and of giving aspiration to both2 beyond what is actually achieved one sees a reaching toward something ulterior4 ,as one pauses before her work1 a film in that or in the mind lifts or seems meant to lift1 and a subtler essence from within the picture quickens the sense4 ,in short1 ,miss ,spartali1 having a keen perception of the poetry which resides in beauty and in the means of art for embodying beauty1 succeeds in infusing that perception into the spectator of her handiwork4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,stocks1 ,,minna4_/b ,born in ,scheverin1 #ahdf4 ,pupil of ,schloepke in ,scheverin1 ,stiffeck in ,berlin1 ,e4 ,bosch in ,dsseldorf1 and ,j4 ,bauck in ,munich4 ,her ,lake of ,scheverin is in the ,museum of her native city4 ,her artistic reputation rests largely on her pictures of animals4 ,she exhibits at the ,expositions of the ,society of ,women ,artists1 ,berlin1 and among her pictures seen there is ,a ,journey through ,africa1 which represents kittens playing with a map of that country4 ,it was attractive and was praised for its artistic merit4 ,in fact1 her puppies and kittens are most excellent results--have been called masterpieces--of the most intimate and intelligent study of nature4 ,among her works are ,a ,quartet of ,cats1 ,the ,hostile ,brothers1 and ,the ,outcast4 b,,stokes1 ,,marianna4_/b ,honorable mention at ,paris ,salon1 #ahhd2 gold medal in ,munich1 #ahij2 medal at ,chicago in #ahic4 ,member of the ,society of ,painters in ,tempera4 ,born in ,graz-,styria4 ,pupil of ,professor ,w4 von ,lindenschmit in ,munich1 of ,m4 ,dagnan ,bouveret and ,m4 ,courtois in ,paris4 ,her picture1 ,a ,parting1 is in the ,liverpool ,gallery2 ,childhood's ,wonder1 in the ,nottingham ,gallery2 ,aucassin and ,nicolette1 in the ,pittsburg ,gallery1 etc4 ,mrs4 ,stokes writes me that she has taken great interest in the revival of tempera painting in recent years4 ,in reviewing the exhibition in the ,new ,gallery1 ,london1 the ,spectator of ,may #b1 #aijc1 speaks of the portraits by ,mrs4 ,stokes as charming1 and adds3 ,they are influenced by the primitive painters1 but in the right way4 ,that is1 the painter has used a formal and unrealistic style1 but without any sacrifice of artistic freedom4 ,of a portrait of a child the same writer says3 ,it would be difficult to imagine a happier portrait of a little child1444 and in it may be seen how the artist has used her freedom2 for although she has preserved a primitive simplicity1 the sky1 sea1 and windmill have modern qualities of atmosphere4 ,the picture is very subtle in drawing and color1 and the sympathy for child-life is perfect1 seen as it is both in the hands and in the eyes4 ,another portrait by the same artist is hung on a marble pillar at the top of the stairs leading up to the balcony4 ,the admirable qualities of decoration are well shown by the way it is hung4444 ,is a fine piece of strong and satisfactory color1 but the decorative aspect in no way takes precedence of the portraiture4 ,we think of the man first and the picture afterward4 ,at the ,academy1 in #aijc1 ,mrs4 ,stokes exhibited a portrait of ,j4 ,westlake1 ,esq41 ,k4,c4 b,,storer1 ,,mrs4 ,,maria ,,longworth4_/b ,gold medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,born in ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,pupil of the ,cincinnati ,art ,school1 which her father1 ,joseph ,longworth1 endowed with three hundred thousand dollars4 ,after working four years1 making experiments in clay decoration at the ,dallas ,white ,ware ,pottery1 ,mrs4 ,storer1 who had the enthusiasm of the artistic temperament coupled with fixity of purpose and financial resources1444 had the courage to open a ,pottery which she called ,rookwood1 the name of her father's place on the hills beyond4 ,this was in #ahhj4 ,nine years later this pottery had become self-supporting1 and ,mrs4 ,storer then dissolved her personal association with it1 leaving it in charge of ,mr4 ,william ,watts ,taylor1 who had collaborated with her during six years4 ,at the ,paris ,exposition ,mrs4 ,storer exhibited about twenty pieces of pottery mounted in bronze--all her own work4 ,it was an exquisite exhibition1 and ,i was proud that it was the work of one of my countrywomen4 ,in #ahig ,mr4 ,storer was appointed ,united ,states minister to ,belgium1 and ,mrs4 ,storer took a ,japanese artist1 ,asano1 to ,brussels1 to instruct her in bronze work4 ,two years later ,mr4 ,storer's mission was changed to ,spain1 and there ,mrs4 ,storer continued1 under ,asano's guidance1 her work in bronze1 some of the results being seen in the mounting of her pottery4 ,at present ,mr4 ,storer is our ,ambassador to ,austria1 and ,mrs4 ,storer writes me that she hopes to continue her work in bronze in ,vienna4 ,in the summer of #aijc ,mrs4 ,storer was in ,colorado ,springs1 where she was much interested in the pottery made by ,mr4 ,van ,briggle4 ,she became one of the directors of the ,van ,briggle ,pottery ,company1 and encouraged the undertaking most heartily4 b,,stumm1 ,,maud4_/b ,born in ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,pupil of ,art ,students' ,league under ,kenyon ,cox and ,siddons ,mowbray1 and of ,oliver ,merson in ,paris1 where her painting was also criticised and approved by ,whistler4 ,her earliest work was flower painting1 in which she gained an enviable reputation4 ,in ,paris she began the study of figure painting1 and her exhibition at the ,salon was favorably received1 the purity and brilliancy of her coloring being especially commended4 ,several of ,miss ,stumm's pictures are well known by reproductions4 ,among these is the ,mother and ,child1 the original of which is owned by ,mr4 ,patterson1 of the ,chicago ,tribune4 ,her calendars1 too1 are artistic and popular2 some of these have reached a sale of nearly half a million4 ,a series of studies of ,sarah ,bernhardt1 in pastel1 and a portrait of ,julia ,marlowe are among her works in this medium4 ,many of her figure subjects1 such as ,a ,venetian ,matron and ,a ,violinist1 are portraits1 not studies from professional models4 ,this artist has painted an unusual variety of subjects1 but is ambitious in still another department of painting--decorative art--in which she believes she could succeed4 ,her works are seen in the exhibitions of the ,society of ,american ,artists and of the ,american ,water-,color ,society4 b,,swoboda1 ,,josephine4_/b ,born in ,vienna1 #ahfa4 ,pupil of ,laufberger and ,i4 ,v4 ,berger4 ,this portrait artist has been successful and numbers among her subjects the ,princess ,henry of ,prussia1 the late ,queen of ,england1 whose portrait she painted at ,balmoral in #ahic1 the ,minister ,bauhaus1 and several members of the royal house of ,austria4 ,the portrait of ,queen ,victoria was exhibited at the ,water-,color ,club1 ,vienna4 ,she also paints charming miniatures4 ,her pictures are in both oil and water-colors1 and are praised by the critics of the exhibitions in which they are seen4 b,,swope1 ,,mrs4 ,,kate4_/b ,honorable mention at ,national ,academy of ,design1 #ahhh2 honorable mention and gold medal1 ,southern ,art ,league1 #ahie2 highest award1 ,louisville ,art ,league1 #ahig4 ,member of ,louisville ,art ,league4 ,born in ,louisville1 ,kentucky4 ,pupil of ,edgar ,ward and ,m4 ,flagg in ,new ,york1 and later of ,b4 ,r4 ,fitz4 ,mrs4 ,swope devotes herself almost entirely to sacred subjects4 ,the pictures that have been awarded medals are ,madonnas4 ,she prefers to paint her pictures out of doors and in the sunlight1 which results in her working in a high key and1 as she writes1 in tender1 opalescent color4 ,one of her medal pictures is the ,head of a ,madonna1 out of doors1 in a hazy1 blue shadow1 against a background of grapevine foliage4 ,the head is draped in white2 the eyes are cast down upon the beholder4 ,a sun spot kisses the white draperies on the shoulder4 ,it is a young1 girlish face1 but the head is suggestive of great exaltation4 ,a second picture which received an award was a ,madonna and ,child1 out of doors4 ,the figure is half life size4 ,dressed in white1 the ,madonna is stretched at full length upon the grass4 ,raised on one arm1 she gazes into the face of the infant ,christ ,child4 ,mrs4 ,swope has had success in pastel1 in which1 not long since1 she exhibited a ,mother and ,child1 which was much admired4 ,the mother--in an arbor--held the child up and reverently kissed the cheek4 ,it was called ,love1 and was exhibited in ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 and ,chicago4 ,mrs4 ,swope's most ambitious work--five by three feet in size--represents an allegorical subject and is called ,revelation4 b,,sues1 ,,mlle4 ,,lea4_/b ,three silver medals from the ,school of ,arts1 ,geneva2 diploma of honor at the ,national ,swiss ,exposition1 #ahif4 ,member of l',athne1 ,geneva4 ,born at ,genoa and studied there under ,professors ,gillet1 ,poggy1 and ,castan4 ,this artist paints landscapes1 ,swiss subjects principally4 ,her pictures of ,mont ,blanc and ,chamounix are popular and have been readily sold4 ,they are in private collections in several countries1 and when exhibited have been praised in ,german and ,french as well as in ,swiss publications4 b,,syamour1 ,,mme4 ,,marguerite4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahhg2 bronze medal at ,exposition at ,lyons4 ,born at ,brry1 #ahfa4 ,pupil of ,merci4 ,her principal works are a plaster statue1 ,new ,france1 #ahhf1 in the ,museum of ,issoudun2 a statue of ,voltaire2 a plaster statue1 ,life2 a plaster group1 the ,last ,farewells2 a statue of ,diana1 in the ,museum of ,amiens2 a great number of portrait busts1 among them those of ,jules ,grvy1 ,flammarion1 ,j4 ,claretie1 etc4 ,at the ,salon1 ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 this artist exhibited a ,portrait of ,m4 ,g4 ,l41 and in #aijd ,a ,vision and ,la ,dame aux ,camelias4 b,,taylor1 ,,elizabeth ,v4_/b ,sears prize1 ,boston ,art ,museum2 bronze medal1 ,nashville ,exposition1 #ahig4 ,member of the ,copley ,society1 ,boston4 ,pupil of ,e4 ,c4 ,tarbell and ,joseph de ,camp in the ,school of the ,museum of ,fine ,arts1 ,boston4 ,this artist paints portraits in miniature and in life size4 ,her works are numerous and have been seen in many exhibitions4 b,,thaulow1 ,,mme4 ,,alexandra4_/b ,wife of the great ,scandinavian painter4 ,this lady is an artist in bookbinding and her work is much admired4 ,a writer1 ,h4 ,f41 says1 in the ,studio1 ,december1 #aijc3 ,when the exhibition of bookbinding was held some time ago at the ,muse ,galliera1 ,madame ,thaulow's showcase attracted attention by its variety and its grace4 ,the charm of these bindings lies in the fact that they have none of the massive heaviness of so many productions of this kind4 ,one should be able to handle a book with ease1 and not be forced to rest content with beholding it displaying its beauties behind glass or on the library shelf2 and ,madame ,thaulow understood this perfectly when she executed the bindings now reproduced here4 ,but these bindings are interesting not only from the standpoint of their utility and intelligent application2 their ornamentation delights one by its graceful interpretation of ,nature1 rendered with a very special sense of decoration2 moreover1 the coloring of these mosaics of leather is restrained and fresh1 and the hollyhocks and the hortensias1 the bunches of mistletoe and the poppies1 which form some of her favorite motifs1 go to make up a delicious symphony4 b,,thevenin1 ,,marie ,,anne ,,rosalie4_/b ,medals at the ,salons of #ahdi1 #ahei1 #ahfa4 ,born at ,lyons4 ,pupil of ,leon ,cogniet4 ,portrait and figure painter4 ,among her pictures the following are noticeable3 ,flora ,mc,ivor and ,rose ,bradwardine1 #ahdh2 ,portrait of ,abb ,jacquet1 #ahei2 ,portrait of a ,lady1 #ahfa4 b,,thomas-,,soyer1 ,,mme4 ,,mathilde4_/b ,honorable mention1 #ahhj2 third-class medal1 #ahha2 bronze medal1 ,exposition1 #ahhi4 ,born at ,troyes1 #ahei4 ,pupil of ,chapu and ,cain4 ,the principal works of this sculptor are3 ,a ,russian ,horse2 ,lost ,dogs2 ,russian ,greyhounds2 ,huntsmen and a ,poacher1 in the ,museum of ,semur2 ,combat of ,dogs1 purchased by the ,government2 ,cow and ,calf1 in the ,museum of ,nevers2 ,stag and ,bloodhound1 in the ,museum of ,troyes1 etc4 ,at the ,salon1 ,artistes ,franais1 #aijb1 ,mme4 ,thomas-,soyer exhibited ,an ,irish ,setter and a ,laverock1 and in #aijc ,under the ,white ,squall4 b,,thornycroft1 ,,mary4_/b ,born #ahad2 died #ahie4 ,daughter of ,john ,francis1 the sculptor1 whose pupil she was4 ,this artist exhibited at the ,royal ,academy when very young4 ,her first important work was a life-size figure called ,the ,flower-,girl4 ,in #ahdj she married ,thomas ,thornycroft1 and went to ,rome two years later1 spending a year in study there4 ,queen ,victoria1 after her return1 commissioned her to execute statues of the royal children as the ,four ,seasons4 ,these were much admired when exhibited at the ,academy4 ,later she made portrait statues and busts of many members of the royal family1 which were also seen at the ,academy ,exhibition4 ,in his ,essays on ,art1 ,palgrave wrote3 ,sculpture has at no time numbered many successful followers among women4 ,we have1 however1 in ,mrs4 ,thornycroft1 one such artist who1 by some recent advance and by the degrees of success which she has already reached1 promises fairly for the art4 ,some of this lady's busts have refinement and feeling4 b,,thurber1 ,,caroline ,,nettleton4_/b ,born in ,oberlin1 ,ohio4 ,pupil of ,howard ,helmick in ,washington1 and of ,benjamin ,constant and ,jean ,paul ,laurens in ,paris4 ,in #ahih ,mrs4 ,thurber took a studio in ,paris1 where her first work was the portrait of a young violinist1 which was exhibited in the ,salon of the following spring4 ,this picture met with immediate favor with the public1 the art critics1 and the press4 ,the ,duchess of ,sutherland1 upon seeing it1 sent for the artist and arranged for a portrait of her daughter1 which was painted the following autumn while ,mrs4 ,thurber was a guest at ,dunrobin ,castle4 ,this portrait was subsequently exhibited in ,london and ,liverpool4 ,mrs4 ,thurber has painted portraits of many persons of distinction in ,paris1 among them one of ,mlle4 ,ollivier1 only daughter of mile ,ollivier1 president of the ,acadmie ,franaise4 ,monsieur ,ollivier1 in a personal note to the artist1 made the following comment upon the portrait of his daughter3 ,how much ,i thank you for the portrait of my daughter2 it lives1 so powerfully is it colored1 and one is tempted to speak to it4 ,mrs4 ,thurber is an exhibitor in the ,salon1 ,royal ,academy1 and ,new ,gallery1 ,london1 and other foreign exhibitions1 as well as in those of this country4 ,she now has a studio in the family home at ,bristol1 ,rhode ,island1 on ,narragansett ,bay1 where she works during half the year4 ,in winter she divides her time among the larger cities as her orders demand4 ,while ,mrs4 ,thurber's name is well known through her special success in the portraiture of children1 she has painted many prominent men and women in ,chicago1 ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia1 ,washington1 and ,new ,england4 ,among her later portraits are those of ,mrs4 ,james ,sullivan1 one of the lady commissioners of the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition2 ,lieut4-,gen4 ,nelson ,a4 ,miles2 ,albert1 son of ,dr4 ,shaw1 editor of the ,review of ,reviews2 ,mrs4 ,a4 ,a4 ,f4 ,johnston1 former ,dean of ,oberlin ,college2 ,augustus ,s4 ,miller1 mayor of ,providence2 ,hon4 ,l4 ,f4 ,c4 ,garvin1 governor of ,rhode ,island2 and ,judge ,austin ,adams1 late of the ,supreme ,court of ,iowa4 b,,thurwanger1 ,,felicit ,,chastanier4_/b ,this remarkable artist1 not long since1 when eighty-four years old1 sent to the exhibition at ,nice--which is1 in a sense1 a branch of the ,paris ,salon--three portraits which she had just finished4 ,they were hung in the place of honor and unanimously voted to belong to the first class4 ,mme4 ,thurwanger was the pupil of ,delacroix during five years4 ,the master unconsciously did his pupil an injury by saying to her father3 ,that daughter of yours is wonderfully gifted1 and if she were a man ,i would make a great artist of her4 ,hearing this1 the young artist burst into tears1 and her whole career was clouded by the thought that her sex prevented her being a really great artist1 and induced in her an abnormal modesty4 ,this occurred about forty-five years ago2 since then we have signally changed all that6 ,delacroix1 who was an enthusiast in color1 was the leader of one school of his time1 and was opposed by ,ingres1 who was so wanting in this regard that he was accused of being color-blind4 ,mme4 ,thurwanger had a curious experience with these artists4 ,when but seventeen she was commissioned by the ,government to copy a picture in the ,louvre4 ,one morning1 when she was working in the ,gallery1 ,ingres passed by and stopped to look at her picture4 ,he examined it carefully1 and with an expression of satisfaction said3 ,i am so very glad to see that you have the true idea of art6 ,remember always that there is no color in ,nature2 the outline is all2 if the outline is good1 no matter about the coloring1 the picture will be good4 ,this story would favor the color-blind theory1 as ,ingres apparently saw color neither in the original nor the copy4 ,an hour later ,delacroix came to watch the work of his pupil1 and after a few minutes exclaimed3 ,i am so happy1 my dear girl1 to see that you have the true and only spirit of art4 ,never forget that in ,nature there is no line1 no outline2 everything is color6 ,in #aheb ,mme4 ,thurwanger was in ,philadelphia and remained more than two years4 ,she exhibited her pictures1 which were favorably noticed by the ,philadelphia ,enquirer4 ,in ,july of the above year her portraits were enthusiastically praised4 ,not a lineament1 not a feature1 however trivial1 escapes the all-searching eye of the artist1 who has the happy faculty of causing the expression of the mind and soul to beam forth in the life-like and speaking face4 ,in ,october1 #ahed1 her picture of a ,madonna and ,child was thus noticed by the same paper3 ,for brilliancy1 animation1 maternal solicitude1 form1 grace1 and feature1 it would be difficult to imagine anything more impressive4 ,it is in every sense a gem of the pictorial art1 while the execution and finish are such as genius alone could inspire4 b,,tirlinks1 ,,liewena4_/b ,born in ,bruges1 a daughter of ,master ,simon4 ,this lady was not only esteemed as an artist in ,london1 but she won the heart of an ,english nobleman1 to whom she was given in marriage by ,henry ,,viii4 ,her miniatures were much admired and greatly in fashion at the court4 ,some critics have thought the ,tirlinks to be the same person with ,liewena ,bennings or ,benic1 whose story1 as we know it1 is much the same as the above4 b,,tormoczy1 ,,bertha ,,von4_/b ,diploma of honor1 ,budapest and ,agram4 ,born at ,innspruck1 #ahdf4 ,pupil of ,hausch1 ,her1 and ,schindler4 ,among her pictures are ,girl in the ,garden1 ,blossoming ,meadows1 ,autumn ,morning1 and a variety of landscapes4 b,,toro1 ,,petronella4_/b ,a painter of miniatures on ivory which have attained distinction4 ,among those best known are the portraits of the ,prince of ,carignano1 ,duke ,amadeo1 and the ,duchess d',aosta with the sons of the ,prince of ,carignano4 ,she has painted a young woman in an antique dress and another in a modern costume4 ,her works are distinguished by firmness of touch and great intelligence4 ,she has executed some most attractive landscapes4 b,,treu1 ,,or ,,trey1 ,,katharina4_/b ,born at ,bamberg4 #agdb-ahaa4 ,a successful painter of flowers and still-life4 ,her talent was remarkable when but a child1 and her father1 who was her only master1 began her lessons when she was ten years old4 ,when still young she was appointed court painter at ,mannheim1 and in #aggf was made a professor in the ,academy at ,dsseldorf4 ,her pictures are in the ,galleries of ,bamberg and ,carlsruhe1 and in the ,darmstadt and ,stuttgart ,museums4 b,,urrutia ,,de ,,urmeneta1 ,,ana ,,gertrudis ,,de4_/b ,member of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 ,cadiz1 #ahdf4 ,born in ,cadiz4 #ahab-ahej4 ,she began the study of drawing with ,javier1 and after her marriage to ,juan ,jos de ,urmeneta1 professor of painting and sculpture and director of the ,cadiz ,academy1 continued her work under his direction4 ,a ,st4 ,filomena and ,resurrection of the ,body1 exhibited in #ahdf1 are among her best pictures4 ,her ,st4 ,jeronimo is in the new cathedral at ,cadiz1 and the ,academy has shown respect to her memory by placing her portrait in the room in which its sessions are held4 b,,viani1 ,,maria4_/b ,born at ,bologna4 #afgj-agaa4 ,i find no reliable biographical account of this artist1 whose name appears in the catalogue of the ,dresden ,gallery as the painter of the ,reclining ,venus1 lying on a blue cushion1 with a ,cupid at her side4 b,,verelst1 ,,marian4_/b ,born in #afhj4 ,this artist belonged in ,antwerp and was of the celebrated artistic family of her name4 ,she was a pupil of her father1 ,hermann1 and her uncle1 ,simon ,verelst4 ,she became famous for the excellent likenesses she made and for the artistic qualities of her small portraits4 ,like so many other artists1 she was distinguished for accomplishments outside her art4 ,she was a fine musician and a marvel in her aptitude in acquiring both ancient and modern languages4 ,a very interesting anecdote is related of her1 as follows3 ,when in ,london1 one evening at the theatre she sat near six ,german gentlemen1 who expressed their admiration of her in the most flattering terms of their language1 and at the same time observed her so closely as to be extremely rude4 ,the artist1 in their own tongue1 remarked that such extravagant praise was the opposite of a compliment4 ,one of them repeated his words in ,latin1 when she again replied in the same language4 ,the strangers then asked her if she would give them her name4 ,this she did and further told them that she lived with her uncle1 ,simon ,verelst4 ,in the end she painted the portrait of each of these men1 and the story of their experience proved the reason for the acquaintance of the artist being sought by people of culture and position4 ,walpole speaks in praise of her portraits and also mentions her unusual attainments in languages4 b,,vig,e1 ,,marie ,,louise ,,elizabeth4_/b ,member of the ,french ,academy4 ,born in ,paris in #agee4 ,that happy writer and learned critic1 ,m4 ,charles ,blanc1 begins his account of her thus3 ,all the fairies gathered about the cradle of ,elizabeth ,vige1 as for the birth of a little princess in the kingdom of art4 ,one gave her beauty1 another genius2 the fairy ,gracious offered her a pencil and a palette4 ,the fairy of marriage1 who had not been summoned1 told her1 it is true1 that she should wed ,m4 ,le ,brun1 the expert in pictures--but for her consolation the fairy of travellers promised her that she should bear from court to court1 from academy to academy1 from ,paris to ,petersburg1 and from ,rome to ,london1 her gayety1 her talent1 and her easel--before which all the sovereigns of ,europe and all those whom genius had crowned should place themselves as subjects for her brush4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,french ,,prince ,,marie ,,vig,e ,,le ,,brun ,it is difficult to write of ,madame ,le ,brun in outline because her life was so interesting in detail4 ,though she had many sorrows1 there is a halo of romance and a brilliancy of atmosphere about her which marks her as a prominent woman of her day1 and her autobiography is charming--it is so alive that one forgets that she is not present1 telling her story6 ,the father of this gifted daughter was an artist of moderate ability and made portraits in pastel1 which ,elizabeth1 in her ,souvenirs1 speaks of as good and thinks some of them worthy of comparison with those of the famous ,latour4 ,m4 ,vige was an agreeable man with much vivacity of manner4 ,his friends were numerous and he was able to present his daughter to people whose acquaintance was of value to her4 ,she was but twelve years old at the time of his death1 and he had already so encouraged her talents as to make her future comparatively easy for her4 ,elizabeth passed five years of her childhood in a convent1 where she constantly busied herself in sketching everything that she saw4 ,she tells of her intense pleasure in the use of her pencil1 and says that her passion for painting was innate and never grew less1 but increased in charm as she grew older4 ,she claimed that it was a source of perpetual youth1 and that she owed to it her acquaintance and friendship with the most delightful men and women of ,europe4 ,while still a young girl1 ,mlle4 ,vige studied under ,briard1 ,doyen1 and ,greuze1 but ,joseph ,vernet advised her to study the works of ,italian and ,flemish masters1 and1 above all1 to study ,nature for herself--to follow no school or system4 ,to this advice ,mme4 ,le ,brun attributed her success4 ,when sixteen years old she presented two portraits to the ,french ,academy1 and was thus early brought to public notice4 ,when twenty-one she married ,m4 ,le ,brun1 of whom she speaks discreetly in her story of her life1 but it was well known that he was of dissipated habits and did not hesitate to spend all that his wife could earn4 ,when she left ,france1 thirteen years after her marriage1 she had not so much as twenty francs1 although she had earned a million6 ,she painted portraits of many eminent people1 and was esteemed as a friend by men and women of culture and high position4 ,the friendship between the artist and ,marie ,antoinette was a sincere and deep affection between two women1 neither of whom remembered that one of them was a queen4 ,it was a great advantage to the artist to be thus intimately associated with her sovereign lady4 ,even in the great state picture of the ,queen surrounded by her children1 at ,versailles1 one realizes the tenderness of the painter as she lovingly reproduced her friend4 ,marie ,antoinette desired that ,mme4 ,le ,brun should be elected to the ,academy2 ,vernet approved it1 and an unusual honor was shown her in being made an ,academician before the completion of her reception picture4 ,at that time it was a great advantage to be a member of the ,academy1 as no other artists were permitted to exhibit their works in the ,salon of the ,beaux-,arts4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun had one habit with which she allowed nothing to interfere1 which was taking a rest after her work for the day was done4 ,she called it her calm1 and to it she attributed a large share of her power of endurance1 although it lost her many pleasures4 ,she could not go out to dinner or entertain at that hour4 ,the evening was her only time for social pleasures4 ,but when one reads her ,souvenirs1 and realizes how many notable people she met in her studio and in evening society1 it scarcely seems necessary to regret that she could not dine out6 ,mme4 ,le ,brun was at one period thought to be very extravagant1 and one of her entertainments caused endless comments4 ,her own account of it shows how greatly the cost was exaggerated4 ,she writes that on one occasion she invited twelve or fifteen friends to listen to her brother's reading during her calm4 ,the poem read was the ,voyage du jeune ,anacharsis en ,grce1 in which a dinner was described1 and even the receipts for making various sauces were given4 ,the artist was seized with the idea of improvising a ,greek supper4 ,she summoned her cook and instructed her in what had been read4 ,among her guests were several unusually pretty ladies1 who attired themselves in ,greek costumes as nearly as the time permitted4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun retained the white blouse she wore at her work1 adding a veil and a crown of flowers4 ,her studio was rich in antique objects1 and a dealer whom she knew loaned her cups1 vases1 and lamps4 ,all was arranged with the effect an artist knows how to produce4 ,as the guests arrived ,mme4 ,le ,brun added here and there an element of ,grecian costume until their number was sufficient for an effective tableau vivant4 ,her daughter and a little friend were dressed as pages and bore antique vases4 ,a canopy hung over the table1 the guests were posed in picturesque attitudes1 and those who arrived later were arrested at the door of the supper-room with surprise and delight4 ,it was as if they had been transported to another clime4 ,a ,greek song was chanted to the accompaniment of a lyre1 and when the honey1 grapes1 and other dishes were served la ,grecque1 the enchantment was complete4 ,the poet recited odes from ,anacreon and all passed off delightfully4 ,the fame of this novel supper was spread over ,paris1 and marvellous tales were told of its magnificence and its cost4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun writes3 ,some ladies asked me to repeat this pleasantry4 ,i refused for various reasons1 and several of them were disturbed by my refusal4 ,soon a report that the supper had cost me twenty thousand francs was spread abroad4 ,the ,king spoke of it as a joke to the ,marquis of ,cubires1 who fortunately had been one of the guests and was able to convince ,his ,majesty of the folly of such a story4 ,nevertheless1 the modest sum of twenty thousand at ,versailles became forty thousand at ,rome2 at ,vienna the ,baroness de ,strogonoff told me that ,i had spent sixty thousand francs for my ,greek supper2 you know that at ,petersburg the price at length was fixed at eighty thousand francs1 and the truth is that it cost me about fifteen francs6 ,early in #aghi1 when the warnings of the horrors about to take place began to be heard1 ,mme4 ,le ,brun went to ,italy4 ,in each city that she visited she was received with great kindness and many honors were shown her4 ,in ,florence she was invited to paint her own portrait1 to be hung in that part of the ,uffizi set apart for the portraits of famous painters4 ,later she sent the well-known portrait1 near that of ,angelica ,kauffman4 ,it is interesting to read ,goethe's comparison of the two portraits4 ,speaking of ,angelica's first1 he writes3 ,it has a truer tone in the coloring1 the position is more pleasing1 and the whole exhibits more correct taste and a higher spirit in art4 ,but the work of ,le ,brun shows more careful execution1 has more vigor in the drawing1 and more delicate touches4 ,it1 has1 moreover1 a clear though somewhat exaggerated coloring4 ,the ,frenchwoman understands the art of adornment--the headdress1 the hair1 the folds of lace on the bosom1 all are arranged with care and1 as one might say1 con amore4 ,the piquant1 handsome face1 with its lively expression1 its parted lips disclosing a row of pearly teeth1 presents itself to the beholder's gaze as if coquettishly challenging his admiration1 while the hand holds the pencil as in the act of drawing4 ,the picture of ,angelica1 with head gently inclined and a soft1 intellectual melancholy pervading the countenance1 evinces higher genius1 even if1 in point of artistic skill1 the preference should be given to the other4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun found ,rome delightful and declared that if she could forget ,france she should be the happiest of women4 ,she writes of her fellow artist3 ,i have been to see ,angelica ,kauffman1 whom ,i greatly desired to know4 ,i found her very interesting1 apart from her fine talent1 on account of her mind and her general culture4444 ,she has talked much with me during the two evenings ,i have passed at her house4 ,her manner is gentle2 she is prodigiously learned1 but has no enthusiasm1 which1 considering my ignorance1 has not electrified me4444 ,i have seen several of her works2 her sketches please me more than her pictures1 because they are of a ,titianesque color4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun received more commissions for portraits than she could find time to paint in the three years she lived in ,italy4 ,she tells us3 ,not only did ,i find great pleasure in painting surrounded by so many masterpieces1 but it was also necessary for me to make another fortune4 ,i had not a hundred francs of income4 ,happily ,i had only to choose among the grandest people the portraits which it pleased me to paint4 ,her account of her experiences in ,italy is very entertaining1 but at last the restlessness of the exile overcame her and impelled her to seek other scenes4 ,she went to ,vienna and there remained three other years1 making many friends and painting industriously until the spirit of unrest drove her to seek new diversions1 and she went to ,russia4 ,she was there received with great cordiality and remained six years--years crowded with kindness1 labor1 honor1 attainment1 joy1 and sorrow4 ,her daughter was the one all-absorbing passion--at once the joy and the grief of her life4 ,she was so charming and so gifted as to satisfy the critical requirements of her mother's desires4 ,in ,petersburg1 where the daughter was greatly admired and caressed1 the artist found herself a thousand times more happy than she had ever been in her own triumphs4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun was so constantly occupied and the need of earning was so great with her1 that she was forced to confide her daughter to the care of others when she made her dbut in society4 ,thus it happened that the young girl met ,m4 ,nigris1 whom she afterward married4 ,personally he was not agreeable to ,mme4 ,le ,brun and his position was not satisfactory to her4 ,we can imagine her chagrin in accepting a son-in-law who even asked her for money with which to go to church on his wedding-day6 ,the whole affair was most distasteful1 and the marriage occurred at the time of the death of ,mme4 ,le ,brun's mother4 ,she speaks of it as a time devoted to tears4 ,her health suffered so much from this sadness that she tried the benefit of change of scene1 and went to ,moscow4 ,returning to ,petersburg1 she determined--in spite of the remonstrances of her friends1 and the inducements offered her to remain--to go to ,france4 ,she several times interrupted her journey in order to paint portraits of persons who had heard of her fame1 and desired to have her pictures4 ,she reached ,paris in #ahja and writes thus of her return3 ,i shall not attempt to express my emotions when ,i was again upon the soil of ,france1 from which ,i had been absent twelve years4 ,fright1 grief1 joy possessed me1 each in turn1 for all these entered into the thousand varying sentiments which swept over my soul4 ,i wept for the friends whom ,i had lost upon the scaffold1 but ,i was about to see again those who remained4 ,this ,france to which ,i returned had been the scene of atrocious crimes2 but this ,france was my ,native ,land6 ,but the new rgime was odious to the artist1 and she found herself unable to be at home1 even in ,paris4 ,after a year she went to ,london1 and remained in ,england three years4 ,she detested the climate and was not in love with the people1 but she found a compensation in the society of many ,french families who had fled from ,france as she had done4 ,in #ahjd ,mme4 ,nigris was in ,paris and her mother returned to see her4 ,the young woman was very beautiful and attractive1 very fond of society1 entirely indifferent to her husband1 and not always wise in the choice of her companions4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun1 always hard at work and always having great anxieties1 at length found herself so broken in health1 and so nervously fatigued that she longed to be alone with ,nature1 and in #ahjh she went to ,switzerland4 ,her letters written to the ,countess ,potocka at this time are added to her ,souvenirs1 and reveal the very best of her nature4 ,feeling the need of continued repose1 she bought a house at ,louveciennes1 where she spent much time4 ,in #ahah ,m4 ,le ,brun died1 and six years later the deaths of her daughter and her brother left her with no near relative in the world4 ,for a time she sought distractions in new scenes and visited the ,touraine and other parts of ,france1 but though she still lived a score of years1 she spent them in ,paris and ,louveciennes4 ,she had with her two nieces1 who cared for her more tenderly than any one had done before4 ,one of these ladies was a portrait painter and profited much by the advice of ,mme4 ,le ,brun1 who wrote of this period and these friends3 ,they made me feel again the sentiments of a mother1 and their tender devotion diffused a great charm over my life4 ,it is near these two dear ones and some friends who remain to me that ,i hope to terminate peacefully a life which has been wandering but calm1 laborious but honorable4 ,during the last years of her life the most distinguished society of ,paris was wont to assemble about her--artists1 litterateurs1 savants1 and men of the fashionable world4 ,here all essential differences of opinion were laid aside and all met on common ground4 ,her calm seemed to have influenced all her life2 only good feeling and equality found a place near her1 and few women have the blessed fortune to be so sincerely mourned by a host of friends as was ,elizabeth ,vige ,le ,brun1 dying at the age of eighty-seven4 ,mme4 ,le ,brun's works numbered six hundred and sixty portraits--fifteen genre or figure pictures and about two hundred landscapes painted from sketches made on her journeys4 ,her portraits included those of the sovereigns and royal families of all ,europe1 as well as the most famous authors1 artists1 singers1 and the learned men in ,church and ,state4 ,as an artist ,m4 ,charles ,blanc thus esteems her3 ,in short1 ,mme4 ,le ,brun belonged entirely to the eighteenth century--,i wish to say to that period of our time which rested itself suddenly at ,david4 ,while she followed the counsels of ,vernet1 her pencil had a certain suppleness1 and her brush a force2 but she too often attempted to imitate ,greuze in her later works and she weakened the resemblance to her subjects by abusing the regard noy 7cloudy or indistinct effect74 ,she was too early in vogue to make all the necessary studies1 and she too often contented herself with an ingenuity a little too manifest4 ,without judging her as complacently as the ,academy formerly judged her1 we owe her an honorable place1 because in spite of revolutions and reforms she continued to her last day the light1 spiritual1 and ,french ,art of ,watteau1 ,nattier1 and ,fragonard4 b,,vigri1 ,,caterina ,,de4_/b ,lippo ,dalmasii was much admired by ,malvasia1 who not only extols his pictures1 but his spirit as well1 and represents him as following his art as a religion1 beginning and ending his daily work with prayer4 ,lippo is believed to have been the master of ,caterina de ,vigri1 and the story of her life is in harmony with the influence of such a teacher4 ,she is the only woman artist who has been canonized2 and in the ,convent of the ,corpus ,domini1 in ,bologna1 which she founded1 she is known as ,la ,santa1 and as a special patron of the ,fine ,arts4 ,caterina was of a noble family of ,ferrara1 where she was born in #adac4 ,she died when fifty years old2 and so great was the reverence for her memory that her remains were preserved1 and may still be seen in a chapel of her convent4 ,there are few places in that ever wonderful ,italy of such peculiar interest as this chapel1 where sits1 clothed in a silken robe1 with a crown of gold on the head1 the incorrupt body of a woman who died four hundred and forty years ago4 ,the body is quite black1 while the nails are still pink4 ,she holds a book and a sceptre4 ,around her1 in the well-lighted chapel1 are several memorials of her life3 the viola on which she played1 and a manuscript in her exquisite chirography1 also a service book illuminated by ,caterina1 and1 still more important1 one of her pictures1 a ,madonna and ,child1 inserted in the wall on the left of the chapel1 which is admirable for the beauty of expression in the face of the ,holy ,mother4 ,we cannot trace ,caterina's artist life step by step1 but she doubtless worked with the same spirit of consecration and prayer as did that ,beato whom we call ,angelico1 in his ,florentine convent1 a century earlier4 ,caterina executed many miniatures1 and her easel pictures were not large4 ,these were owned by private families4 ,she is known to us by two pictures of ,st4 ,ursula folding her ,robe about her ,companions4 ,one is in the ,bologna ,gallery1 the other in the ,academy in ,venice4 ,the first is on a wooden panel1 and was painted when the artist was thirty-nine years old4 ,the ,saint is represented as unnaturally tall1 the figures of her virgins being very small4 ,the mantle and robe of ,st4 ,ursula are of rich brocade ornamented with floral designs1 while on each side of her is a white flag1 on which is a red cross4 ,the face of the saint is so attractive that one forgets the elongation of her figure4 ,there is a delicacy in the execution1 combined with a freedom and firmness of handling fully equal to the standard of her school and time4 ,many honors were paid to the memory of ,caterina de ,vigri4 ,she was chosen as the protectress of ,academies and ,art ,institutions1 and in the eighteenth century a medal was coined1 on which she is represented as painting on a panel held by an angel4 ,how few human beings are thus honored three centuries after death6 b,,vincent1 ,,mme4_/b ,see ,labille4 b,,visscher1 ,,anna ,,and ,,maria4_/b ,these daughters of the celebrated ,dutch engraver were known as the ,dutch ,muses4 ,they made their best reputation by their etchings on glass1 but they were also well known for their writing of both poetry and prose4 ,they were associated with the scholars of their time and were much admired4 b,,volkmar1 ,,antonie ,,elizabeth ,,caecilia4_/b ,born in ,berlin1 #ahbg4 ,she studied with ,schroder in her native city1 with ,l4 ,cogniet in ,paris1 and later in ,italy4 ,she returned to ,berlin1 where she painted portraits and genre subjects4 ,her picture of the ,grandmother telling ,stories is in the ,museum of ,stettin4 ,among her works are ,an ,artist's ,travels a ,german ,emigrant1 and ,school ,friends4 b,,vonnoh1 ,,bessie ,,potter4_/b ,bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 ,second ,prize at ,tennessee ,centennial4 ,honorable mention at ,buffalo ,exposition1 #aija4 ,member of the ,national ,sculpture ,society and ,national ,arts ,club4 ,born in ,st4 ,louis1 ,missouri1 #ahgb4 ,this sculptor is a pupil of the ,art ,institute1 ,chicago4 ,among her best works are ,a ,young ,mother2 ,twin ,sisters2 ,his ,first ,journey2 ,girl ,reading1 etc4 ,in the ,century ,magazine1 ,september1 #ahig1 ,arthur ,hoeber wrote3 ,there were shown at the ,society of ,american ,artists in ,new ,york1 in the ,spring of #ahif1 some statuettes of graceful young womanhood1 essentially modern in conception1 singularly nave in treatment1 refined1 and withal intensely personal4444 ,while the disclosure is by no means novel1 ,miss ,potter makes us aware that in the daily prosaic life about us there are possibilities conventional yet attractive1 simple1 but containing much of suggestion1 waiting only the sympathetic touch to be responsive if the proper chord is struck4 ,this author also notices the affiliation of this young woman with the efforts of the ,tanagra workers1 and says3 ,but if the inspiration of the young woman is evident1 her work can in no way be called imitative4 b,,vos1 ,,maria4_/b ,born in ,amsterdam1 #ahbd4 ,pupil of ,p4 ,kiers4 ,her pictures were principally of still-life1 two of which are seen in the ,amsterdam ,museum4 b,,wagner1 ,,maria ,,dorothea_/b2 family name ,dietrich4 #agbh-agib4 ,the gallery of ,wiesbaden has two of her landscapes1 as has also the ,museum at ,gotha4 ,der ,mhlengrund1 representing a valley with a brook and a mill1 is in the ,dresden ,gallery4 b,,ward1 ,,miss ,e4_/b ,this sculptor has a commission to make a statue of ,g4 ,r4 ,clark for the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,ward1 ,,henrietta ,,mary ,,ada4_/b ,gold and silver medals at the ,crystal ,palace2 bronze medal at the ,vienna ,exposition1 #ahgc4 ,born in ,newman ,street1 ,london1 when that street and the neighborhood was the quarter in which the then celebrated artists resided4 ,mrs4 ,ward was a pupil of the ,bloomsbury ,art ,school and of ,sak's ,academy4 ,her grandfather1 ,james ,ward1 was a royal ,academician1 and one of the best animal painters of ,england4 ,while ,sir ,thomas ,lawrence lived1 ,mrs4 ,ward's father1 who was a miniaturist1 was much occupied in copying the works of ,sir ,thomas on ivory1 as the celebrated portrait painter would permit no other artist to repeat them4 ,after the death of ,sir ,thomas1 ,mr4 ,ward became an engraver4 ,her mother was also a miniature painter4 ,her great-uncles were ,william ,ward1 ,r4,a41 and ,george ,morland2 ,john ,jackson1 ,r4,a41 was her uncle2 and her husband1 ,edward ,m4 ,ward1 to whom she was married at sixteen1 was also a ,royal ,academican4 ,from #ahdi1 ,mrs4 ,ward exhibited at the ,royal ,academy during thirty years1 without a break1 but her husband's death caused her to omit some exhibitions1 and since that time her exhibits have been less regular4 ,for some years ,mrs4 ,ward has had successful classes for women at ,chester ,studios1 which have somewhat interfered with her painting4 ,mrs4 ,ward's subjects have been historical and genre1 some of which are extensively known by prints after them4 ,among these are ,joan of ,arc1 ,palissy the ,potter1 and ,mrs4 ,fry and ,mary ,saunderson visiting ,prisoners at ,newgate1 the last dedicated by permission to ,queen ,victoria4 ,this picture was purchased by an ,american4 ,of her picture of ,mary of ,scotland1 giving her infant to the ,care of ,lord ,mar1 ,palgrave wrote3 ,this work is finely painted1 and tells its tale with clearness4 ,among her numerous works are3 ,the ,poet ,hogg's ,first ,love2 ,chatterton1 the poet1 in the ,muniment ,room1 ,bristol2 ,lady ,jane ,grey refusing the ,crown of ,england2 ,antwerp ,market2 ,queen ,mary of ,scots' farewell to ,james ,i42 ,washing ,day at the ,liverpool ,docks2 ,the ,princes in the ,tower2 ,george ,,iii4 and ,mrs4 ,delayney1 with his family at ,windsor2 ,the ,young ,pretender1 and many others4 ,when sixteen ,mrs4 ,ward exhibited two heads in crayon4 ,in #aijc1 at the ,academy1 she exhibited ,the ,dining-room1 ,kent ,house1 ,knightsbridge4 ,mrs4 ,ward painted for ,queen ,victoria two portraits of the ,princess ,beatrice1 and a life-size copy of a portrait of the ,duke of ,albany4 ,she also painted a portrait of ,princess ,alice of ,albany1 who is about to marry ,prince ,alexander of ,teck4 ,edward ,,vii4 has commissioned this artist to make two copies of the state portrait1 painted by ,s4 ,luke ,fildes1 ,r4,a4 ,mrs4 ,ward had two more votes for her admission to the ,royal ,academy than any other woman of her time has had4 b,,wasser1 ,,anna4_/b ,born at ,zrich1 #afgf1 is notable among the painters of her country4 ,she was the daughter of an artist1 and early developed a love of drawing and an unusual aptitude in the study of languages4 ,in painting she was a pupil of ,joseph ,werner4 ,after a time she devoted herself to miniature painting2 her reputation extended to all the ,german courts1 as well as to ,holland and ,england1 and her commissions were so numerous that her father began to regard her as a mine of riches4 ,he allowed her neither rest nor recreation1 and was even unwilling that she should devote sufficient time to her pictures to finish them properly4 ,under this pressure of haste and constant labor her health gave way and she became melancholy4 ,she was separated from her father1 and in more agreeable surroundings her health was restored and she resumed her painting4 ,her father then insisted that she should return to him4 ,on her journey home she had a fall1 from the effects of which she died at the age of thirty-four4 ,fuseli valued a picture by ,anna ,wasser1 which he owned1 and praised her correctness of design and her feeling for color4 b,,waters1 ,,sadie ,p4_/b #ahfi-aijj4 ,honorable mention ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,born in ,st4 ,louis1 ,missouri4 ,this unusually gifted artist made her studies entirely in ,paris1 under the direction of ,m4 ,luc-,olivier ,merson4 ,her earlier works were portraits in miniature1 in which she was very successful4 ,that of ,jane ,hading was much admired4 ,she also excelled in illustrations1 but in her later work she found her true province1 that of religious subjects4 ,a large picture on ivory1 called ,la ,vierge au ,lys1 was exhibited in ,paris1 ,london1 ,brussels1 and ,ghent1 and attracted much attention4 ,illustration3 ,,la ,,vierge ,,au ,,rosier ,,sadie ,,waters ,her picture of the ,vierge aux ,rosiers1 reproduced here1 was in the ,salon1 #ahii1 and in the exhibition of ,religious ,art in ,brussels in #aijj1 after which it was exhibited in ,new ,york2 and wherever seen it was especially admired4 ,miss ,waters' pictures were exhibited in the ,salon ,franais1 ,champs ,elyses1 from #ahia until her death4 ,from the earliest days of childhood she was remarkable for her skill in drawing and in working out1 from her own impressions1 pictures of events passing about her4 ,if at the theatre she saw a play that appealed to her1 she made a picture symbolic of the play1 and constantly startled her friends by her original ideas and the pronounced artistic temperament1 which was very early the one controlling power in her life4 ,mr4 ,carl ,gutherz thus speaks of her good fortune in studying with ,m4 ,merson4 ,as the ,master and ,student became more and more acquainted1 and the great artist found in the student those kindred qualities which subsequently made her work so refined and beautiful1444 he took the utmost care in developing her drawing--the fidelity of line and of expression1 and the ever-pervading purity in her work4 ,the sympathy with all good was reflected in the student1 as it was ever present with the master1 and only those who are acquainted with ,m4 ,merson can appreciate how fortunate it was for ,art that the young artist was under a master of his character and temperament4 ,one of her pictures1 called ,la ,chrysanthme1 represents a nude figure of a young girl1 seated on the ground1 leaning against a large basket of chrysanthemums1 from which she is plucking blossoms4 ,the figure is beautiful1 and shows the deep study the artist had made1 although still so young4 ,the following estimate of her work is made by one competent to speak of such matters3 ,in this epoch of feverish uncertainty1 of heated discussions and rivalries in art matters1 the quiet1 calm figure of ,sadie ,waters has a peculiar interest and charm generated by her tranquil and persistent pursuit of an ideal--an ideal she attained in her later works1 an ideal of the highest mental order1 mystical and human1 and so far removed from the tendencies of our time that one might truthfully say1 it stands alone4 ,her talents were manifold4 ,she was endowed with the best of artistic qualities4 ,she cultivated them diligently1 and slowly acquired the handicraft and skill which enabled her to express herself without restriction4 ,in her miniatures she learned to be careful1 precise1 and delicate2 in her work from nature she was human2 and in her studies of illuminating she gained a perfect understanding of ornamental painting and forms2 and the subtle ambiance of the beautiful old churches and convents where she worked and pored over the ancient missals1 and softly talked with the princely robed ,monsignori1 no doubt did much to develop her love for the ,beautiful ,story1 the delicate myth of ,christianity--and all this1 all these rare qualities and honest efforts we find in her last picture1 ,the ,virgin4 ,the beauty and preciseness of this composition1 the divine feeling not without a touch of motherly sentiment1 its delicacy so rare and so pure1 the distinction of its coloring1 are all past expression1 and give it a place unique in the nineteenth century4--,paul ,w4 ,bartlett1 ,paris1 #aijc4 b,,wegmann1 ,,bertha4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahhj2 third-class medal1 #ahhb2 ,thorwaldsen medal at ,copenhagen2 small gold medal1 ,berlin1 #ahid4 ,born at ,soglio1 ,switzerland1 #ahdg4 ,studied in ,copenhagen1 ,munich1 ,paris1 and ,florence4 ,she paints portraits and genre subjects4 ,her pictures1 seen at ,berlin in #ahic1 were much admired4 ,they included portraits1 figure studies1 and ,danish interiors4 ,at ,munich1 in #ahid1 her portraits attracted attention1 and were commended by those who wrote of the exhibition4 ,among her works are many portraits3 ,mother and ,child in the ,garden1 and ,a ,widow and ,child1 are two of her genre subjects4 b,,weis1 ,,rosario4_/b ,silver medal from the ,academy of ,san ,fernando1 #ahdb1 for a picture called ,silence4 ,member of the ,academy4 ,pupil of ,goya1 who early recognized her talent4 ,in #ahbc1 when ,goya removed to ,burdeos1 she studied under the architect ,tiburcio ,perez4 ,after a time she joined ,goya1 and remained his pupil until his death in #ahbh4 ,she then entered the studio ,lacour1 where she did admirable work4 ,in #ahcc1 for the support of her mother and herself1 she made copies of pictures in the ,prado on private commissions4 ,in #ahdb she was appointed teacher of drawing to the royal family1 in which position she did not long continue1 her death occurring in #ahdc4 ,among her pictures are ,attention6 an allegorical figure2 ,an ,angel2 ,a ,venus2 and ,a ,diana4 ,among her portraits are those of ,goya1 ,velasquez1 and ,figaro4 b,,wiegmann1 ,,marie ,,elisabeth_/b2 family name ,hancke4 ,small gold medal1 ,berlin4 ,born #ahbf at ,solberberg1 ,silesia2 died1 #ahic1 at ,dsseldorf4 ,in #ahda she began to study with ,stilke in ,dsseldorf2 later with ,k4 ,sohn4 ,she travelled extensively in ,germany1 ,england1 ,holland1 and ,italy1 and settled with her husband1 ,rudolph ,wiegmann1 in ,dsseldorf4 ,in the ,museum at ,hanover is ,the ,colonist's ,children ,crowning a ,negro ,woman1 and in the ,national ,gallery at ,berlin a portrait of ,schnaase4 ,some children's portraits1 and one of the ,countess ,hatzfeld1 should also be mentioned among her works4 ,in portraiture her work was distinguished by talent1 spirit1 and true artistic composition2 in genre--especially the so-called ideal genre--she produced some exquisite examples4 b,,wentworth1 ,,marquise ,,cecilia ,,de4_/b ,gold medal1 ,tours ,national ,exposition1 ,lyons and ,turin2 ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahia2 ,bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj2 ,chevalier of the ,legion of ,honor1 #aija4 ,born in ,new ,york4 ,pupil of the ,convent of the ,sacred ,heart and of ,cabanel1 in ,paris4 ,this artist has painted portraits of ,leo ,,xiii41 who presented her with a gold medal2 of ,cardinal ,ferrata2 of ,challemel-,lacour1 ,president of the ,senate at the time when the portrait was made1 and of many others4 ,her picture of ,faith is in the ,luxembourg ,gallery4 ,at the ,salon des ,artistes ,franais1 #aijc1 ,madame de ,wentworth exhibited the ,portrait of ,mlle4 ,x41 and ,solitude4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,wheeler1 ,,janet4_/b ,first ,toppan ,prize and ,mary ,smith ,prize at ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 ,philadelphia2 ,gold medal1 ,philadelphia ,art ,club4 ,fellow of ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 and member of ,plastic ,club1 ,philadelphia4 ,born in ,detroit1 ,michigan4 ,pupil of ,academy of ,fine ,arts1 ,philadelphia1 and of the ,julian ,academy in ,paris4 ,this artist paints portraits almost entirely1 which are in private hands4 ,i know of but one figure picture by her1 which is called ,beg for ,it4 ,she was a miniaturist several years before taking up larger portraits4 b,,white1 ,,florence4_/b ,silver medal at ,woman's ,exhibition1 ,earl's ,court2 silver medal for a pastel exhibited in ,calcutta4 ,born at ,brighton1 ,england4 ,pupil of ,royal ,academy ,schools in ,london1 and of ,bouguereau and ,perrier in ,paris4 ,in #ahii this artist exhibited a portrait in the ,new ,gallery2 in #aija a portrait of ,bertram ,blunt1 ,esq41 at the ,royal ,academy2 and in #aijb a portrait of ,peggy1 a little girl with a poodle4 ,she has sent miniatures to the ,academy exhibitions several years2 that of ,miss ,lyall ,wilson was exhibited in #aijc4 b,,whitman1 ,,sarah ,,de ,,st4 ,,prix4_/b ,bronze medal at ,columbian ,exposition1 ,chicago1 #ahic2 gold and bronze medals at ,atlanta ,exposition2 diploma at ,pan-,american1 ,buffalo1 #aija4 ,member of the ,society of ,american ,artists1 ,new ,york2 ,copley ,society1 ,boston2 ,water-,color ,club1 ,boston4 ,born in ,baltimore1 ,maryland4 ,pupil of ,william ,m4 ,hunt and ,thomas ,couture4 ,mrs4 ,whitman has painted landscapes and portraits1 and of recent years has been much occupied with work in glass4 ,windows by her are in ,memorial ,hall1 ,cambridge2 in the ,episcopal ,church in ,andover1 ,massachusetts1 etc4 ,an altar-piece by her is in ,all ,saints' ,church1 ,worcester4 ,her portrait of ,senator ,bayard is in the ,state ,department1 ,washington4 b,,whitney1 ,,anne4_/b ,born in ,watertown1 ,massachusetts4 ,made her studies in ,belmont and ,boston1 and later in ,paris and ,rome4 ,miss ,whitney's sculptures are in many public places4 ,a heroic size statue of ,samuel ,adams is in ,boston and ,washington1 in bronze and marble2 ,harriet ,martineau is at ,wellesley ,college1 in marble2 the ,lotos-,eaters is in ,newton and ,cambridge1 in marble2 ,lady ,godiva1 a life-size statue in marble1 is in a private collection in ,milton2 a statue of ,leif ,eriksen1 in bronze1 is in ,boston and ,milwaukee2 a bust of ,professor ,pickering1 in marble1 is in the ,observatory1 ,cambridge2 a statue1 ,roma1 is in ,albany1 ,wellesley1 ,st4 ,louis1 and ,newton1 in both marble and bronze2 ,charles ,sumner1 in bronze of heroic size1 is in ,cambridge2 a bust of ,president ,walker1 bronze1 is also in ,cambridge2 ,president ,stearns1 a bust in marble1 is in ,amherst2 a bust of ,mrs4 ,alice ,freeman ,palmer is in ,cambridge2 a bust of ,professor ,palmer is on a bronze medal2 the ,calla ,fountain1 in bronze1 is in ,franklin ,park2 and many other busts1 medals1 etc41 in marble1 bronze1 and plaster1 are in private collections4 b,,wilson1 ,,melva ,,beatrice4_/b ,prize of one hundred dollars a year for three successive years at ,cincinnati ,art ,museum4 ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahig4 ,born in ,cincinnati1 #ahge4 ,pupil of ,cincinnati ,art ,museum1 under ,louis ,t4 ,rebisso and ,thomas ,noble2 in ,paris1 of ,rodin and ,vincent ,norrottny4 ,by special invitation this sculptor has been an exhibitor at the ,national ,sculpture ,society1 ,new ,york4 ,her principal works are3 ,the ,minute ,man1 in ,corcoran ,art ,gallery1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c42 ,the ,volunteer1 which was given by the ,state of ,new ,york as a military prize to a ,vermont ,regiment2 an equestrian statue of ,john ,f4 ,doyle1 ,jr42 ,bull and ,bear and the ,polo ,player in bronze1 owned by ,tiffany ,co42 ,retribution in a private collection in ,new ,york4 ,miss ,wilson has been accorded the largest commission given any woman sculptor for the decoration of the buildings of the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 ,she is to design eight spandrils for ,machinery ,hall1 each one being twenty-eight by fifteen feet in size1 with figures larger than life4 ,the design represents the wheelwright and boiler-making trades4 ,reclining nude figures1 of colossal size1 bend toward the keystone of the arch1 each holding a tool of a machinist4 ,interlaced cog-wheels form the background4 b,,wirth1 ,,anna ,,marie4_/b ,member of the ,munich ,art ,association4 ,born in ,st4 ,petersburg1 #ahdf4 ,studied in ,vienna under ,straschiripka--commonly known as ,johann ,canon--and in ,paris1 although her year's work in the latter city seems to have left no trace upon her manner of painting4 ,the genre pictures1 in which she excels1 clearly show the influence of the old ,dutch school4 ,a writer in ,moderne ,kunst says1 in general1 that she shows us real human beings under the prcieuses ridicules1 the languishing gallants and the pedant1 and often succeeds in individualizing all these with the sharpness of a ,chodowiecki1 though at times she is merely good-natured1 and therefore weak4 ,sometimes1 like ,terborch1 by her anecdotical treatment1 she can set a whole romantic story before you2 again1 in the manner of ,gerard ,dow1 she gives you a penetrating glimpse into old burgher life--work that is quite out of touch with the dilettantism that largely pervades modern art4 ,the admirers of this unusual artist seek out her genre pictures in the exhibitions of to-day1 much as one turns to an idyl of ,heinrich ,voss1 after a dose of the storm and stress poets4 ,most of her works are in private galleries4 ,one of her best pictures will be seen at the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 b,,wisinger-,,florian1 ,,olga4_/b ,bavarian ,ludwig medal1 #ahia2 medal at ,chicago1 #ahic4 ,born in ,vienna1 #ahdd4 ,pupil of ,schffer and ,schwindler4 ,she has an excellent reputation as a painter of flowers4 ,in the ,new ,gallery1 ,munich1 is one of her pictures of this sort2 and at ,munich1 #ahic1 her flower pieces were especially praised in the reports of the exhibition4 ,she also paints landscapes1 in which she gains power each year2 her color grows finer and her design or modelling stronger4 ,at ,vienna1 #ahij1 it was said that her picture of the ,bauernhofe was1 by its excellent color1 a disadvantage to the pictures near it1 and the shore motive in ,abbazia was full of artistic charm4 ,at ,vienna1 #ahic1 she exhibited a cycle1 ,the ,months1 which bore witness to her admirable mastery of her art4 ,among her works are some excellent ,venetian subjects3 ,on the ,rialto2 ,morning on the ,shore2 and ,in ,venice4 b,,wolff1 ,,betty4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,berlin1 #ahij4 ,member of the ,association of ,women ,artists and ,friends of ,art2 also of the ,german ,art ,association4 ,born in ,berlin1 where she was a pupil of ,karl ,stauffer-,bern2 she also studied in ,munich under ,karl ,marr4 ,besides numerous portraits of children1 in pastel1 this artist has painted portraits in oils of many well-known persons1 among whom are ,prof4 ,h4 ,steinthal1 ,prof4 ,albrecht ,weber1 and ,general von ,zycklinski4 b,,wolters1 ,,henrietta_/b1 family name ,van ,pee4 ,born in ,amsterdam4 #afib-agda4 ,pupil of her father1 and later made a special study of miniature under ,christoffel le ,blond4 ,her early work consisted largely in copies from ,van de ,velde and ,van ,dyck4 ,her miniatures were so highly esteemed that ,peter the ,great offered her a salary of six thousand florins as his court painter2 and ,frederick ,william of ,prussia invited her to his court1 but nothing could tempt her away from her home in ,amsterdam4 ,she received four hundred florins for a single miniature1 a most unusual price in her time4 b,,wood1 ,,caroline ,s4_/b ,daughter of ,honorable ,horatio ,d4 ,wood1 of ,st4 ,louis4 ,this sculptor has made unusual advances in her art1 to which she has seriously devoted herself less than four years4 ,she has studied in the ,art ,school of ,washington ,university1 the ,art ,institute1 ,chicago1 and is now a student in the ,art ,league1 ,new ,york4 ,she has been commissioned by the ,state of ,missouri to make a statue to represent ,the ,spirit of the ,state of ,missouri1 for the ,louisiana ,purchase ,exposition4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,woodbury1 ,,marcia ,,oakes4_/b ,prize at ,boston ,art ,club2 medals at ,mechanics' ,association ,exhibition1 ,atlanta and ,nashville ,expositions4 ,member of the ,new ,york and ,boston ,water-,color ,clubs4 ,born at ,south ,berwick1 ,maine4 ,pupil of ,tommasso ,juglaris1 in ,boston1 and of ,lasar1 in ,paris4 ,mrs4 ,woodbury paints in oils and water-colors2 the latter are genre scenes1 and among them are several ,dutch subjects4 ,she has painted children's portraits in oils4 ,her pictures are in private hands in ,boston1 ,new ,york1 ,chicago1 and ,cincinnati4 ,the ,smoker1 and ,mother and ,daughter1 a triptych1 are two of her principal pictures4 b,,woodward1 ,,dewing4_/b ,grand prize of the ,academy ,julian1 #ahid4 ,member of ,water-,color ,club1 ,baltimore2 ,charcoal ,club1 ,baltimore2 ,l',union des ,femmes ,peintres et ,sculpteurs de ,france4 ,born at ,williamsport1 ,pennsylvania4 ,pupil of ,pennsylvania ,academy a few months2 in ,paris1 of ,bouguereau1 ,robert-,fleury1 and ,jules ,lefebvre4 ,her ,holland ,family at ,prayer1 exhibited at the ,paris ,salon1 #ahic1 and ,jessica1 belong to the ,public ,library in ,williamsport2 ,clam-,diggers ,coming ,home--,cape ,cod was in the ,venice ,exhibition1 #aijc2 one of her pictures shows the ,julian ,academy1 ,criticism ,day4 ,she has painted many portraits1 and her work has often been thought to be that of a man1 which idea is no doubt partly due to her choosing subjects from the lives of working men4 ,she is of the modern school of colorists4 b,,wright1 ,,ethel4_/b ,this artist contributed annually to the exhibitions of the ,london ,academy from #ahic to #aijj1 as follows3 ,in #ahic she exhibited ,milly and ,echo2 in #ahid1 ,the ,prodigal2 in #ahie1 a water-color1 ,lilies2 in #ahif1 ,rejected2 in #ahig1 a portrait of ,mrs4 ,laurence ,phillips2 in #ahih1 ,the ,song of ,ages1 reproduced in this book2 in #ahii1 a portrait of ,mrs4 ,arthur ,strauss2 and in #aijj1 one of ,miss ,vaughan4 ,no reply to circular4 b,,wright1 ,,mrs4 ,,patience4_/b ,born at ,bordentown1 ,new ,jersey1 #agbe1 of a ,quaker family4 ,when left a widow1 with three children to care for1 she went to ,london1 where she found a larger field for her art than she had in the ,united ,states1 where she had already made a good reputation as a modeller in wax4 ,by reason of this change of residence she has often been called an ,english sculptress4 ,although the imaginative and pictorial is not cultivated or even approved by ,quakers1 ,patience ,lovell1 while still a child1 and before she had seen works of art1 was content only when supplied with dough1 wax1 or clay1 from which she made figures of men and women4 ,very early these figures became portraits of the people she knew best1 and in the circle of her family and friends she was considered a genius4 ,very soon after ,mrs4 ,wright reached ,london she was fully employed4 ,she worked in wax1 and her full-length portrait of ,lord ,chatham was placed in ,westminster ,abbey1 protected by a glass case4 ,this attracted much attention1 and the ,london journals praised the artist4 ,she made portraits of the ,king and ,queen1 who1 attracted by her brilliant conversation1 admitted her to an intimacy at ,buckingham ,house1 which could not then have been accorded to an untitled ,english woman4 ,illustration3 ,from a ,copley ,print4 ,,the ,,song ,,of ,,ages ,,ethel ,,wright ,mrs4 ,wright made many portraits of distinguished people2 but few1 if any1 of these can now be seen1 although it is said that some of them have been carefully preserved by the families who possess them4 ,to ,americans ,mrs4 ,wright is interesting by reason of her patriotism1 which amounted to a passion4 ,she is credited with having been an important source of information to the ,american leaders in the time of the ,revolution4 ,in this she was frank and courageous1 making no secret of her views4 ,she even ventured to reprove ,george ,,iii4 for his attitude toward the ,colonists1 and by this boldness lost the royal favor4 ,she corresponded with ,franklin1 in ,paris1 and new appointments1 or other important movements in the ,british army1 were speedily known to him4 ,washington1 when he knew that ,mrs4 ,wright wished to make a bust of him1 replied in most flattering terms that he should think himself happy to have his portrait made by her4 ,mrs4 ,wright very much desired to make likenesses of those who signed the ,treaty of ,peace1 and of those who had taken a prominent part in making it4 ,she wrote3 ,to shame the ,english king1 ,i would go to any trouble and expense1 and add my mite to the honor due to ,adams1 ,jefferson1 and others4 ,though so essentially ,american as a woman1 the best of her professional life was passed in ,england1 where she was liberally patronized and fully appreciated4 ,dunlap calls her an extraordinary woman1 and several writers have mentioned her power of judging the character of her visitors1 in which she rarely made a mistake1 and chose her friends with unusual intelligence4 ,her eldest daughter married in ,america1 and was well known as a modeller in wax in ,new ,york4 ,her younger daughter married the artist ,hoppner1 a rival in portraiture of ,stuart and ,lawrence1 while her son ,joseph was a portrait painter4 ,his likeness of ,washington was much admired4 b,,wulfraat1 ,,margaretta4_/b ,born at ,arnheim4 #afgh-agda4 ,was a pupil of ,caspar ,netscher of ,heidelberg1 whose little pictures are of fabulous value4 ,although he was so excellent a painter he was proud of ,margaretta1 whose pictures were much admired in her day4 ,her ,musical ,conversation is in the ,museum of ,schwerin4 ,her ,cleopatra and ,semiramis are in the ,gallery at ,amsterdam4 b,,yandell1 ,,enid4_/b ,special ,designer's ,medal1 ,chicago1 #ahic2 silver medal1 ,tennessee ,exposition2 ,honorable ,mention1 ,buffalo1 #aija4 ,member of ,national ,sculpture ,society2 ,municipal ,art ,society2 ,national ,arts ,club1 all of ,new ,york4 ,born in ,louisville1 ,kentucky4 ,graduate of ,cincinnati ,art ,academy4 ,pupil of ,philip ,martiny in ,new ,york1 and in ,paris of ,frederick ,mc,monnies and ,auguste ,rodin4 ,the principal works of this artist are the ,mayor ,lewis monument at ,new ,haven1 ,connecticut2 the ,chancellor ,garland ,memorial1 ,vanderbilt ,university1 ,nashville2 ,carrie ,brown ,memorial ,fountain1 ,providence2 ,daniel ,boone and the ,ruff ,fountain1 ,louisville4 ,richard ,ladegast1 in ,january1 #aijb1 wrote a sketch of ,miss ,yandell's life and works for the ,outlook1 in which he says that ,miss ,yandell was the first woman to become a member of the ,national ,sculpture ,society4 ,i quote from his article as follows3 ,the most imposing product of ,miss ,yandell's genius was the heroic figure of ,athena1 twenty-five feet in height1 which stood in front of the reproduction of the ,parthenon at the ,nashville ,exposition4 ,this is the largest figure ever designed by a woman4 ,illustration3 ,,statue ,,of ,,daniel ,,boone ,,enid ,,yandell ,made for ,st4 ,louis ,exposition ,the most artistic was probably the little silver tankard which she did for the ,tiffany ,company1 a bit of modelling which involves the figures of a fisher-boy and a mermaid4 ,the figure of ,athena is large and correct2 those of the fisher-boy and mermaid poetic and impassioned4444 ,the boy kisses the maid when the lid is lifted4 ,he is always looking over the edge1 as if yearning for the fate that each new drinker who lifts the lid forces upon him4 ,of the ,carrie ,brown ,memorial ,fountain he says3 ,the design of the fountain represents the struggle of life symbolized by a group of figures which is intended to portray1 according to ,miss ,yandell1 not the struggle for bare existence1 but 'the attempt of the immortal soul within us to free itself from the handicaps and entanglements of its earthly environments4 ,it is the development of character1 the triumph of intellectuality and spirituality ,i have striven to express4' ,life is symbolized by the figure of a woman1 the soul by an angel1 and the earthly tendencies--duty1 passion1 and avarice--by male figures4 ,life is represented as struggling to free herself from the gross earthly forms that cling to her4 ,the figure of ,life shows a calm1 placid strength1 well calculated to conquer in a struggle2 and the modelling of her clinging robes and the active muscle of the male figures is firm and life-like4 ,the mantle of truth flows from the shoulders of the angel1 forming a drapery for the whole group1 and serving as a support for the basin1 the edges of which are ornamented with dolphins spouting water4 ,the silhouette formed by the mass of the fountain is most interesting and successful from all points of view4 ,the lines of the composition are large and dignified1 especially noticeable in the modelling of the individual figures1 which is well studied and technically excellent4 ,at ,buffalo1 where this fountain was exhibited1 it received honorable mention4 ,miss ,yandell has been commissioned to execute a symbolical figure of victory and a statue of ,daniel ,boone for the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition4 b,,ykens1 ,,laurence ,,catherine4_/b ,elected to the ,guild of ,antwerp in #afei4 ,born in ,antwerp4 ,pupil of her father1 ,jan ,ykens4 ,flowers1 fruits1 and insects were her favorite subjects1 and were painted with rare delicacy4 ,two of these pictures are in the ,museo del ,prado1 at ,madrid4 ,they are a ,festoon of ,flowers and ,fruits with a ,medallion in the ,centre1 on which is a ,landscape2 and a ,garland of ,flowers with a ,similar ,medallion4 b,,ziesensis1 ,,margaretta4_/b ,there were few women artists in the ,scandinavian countries in the early years of the eighteenth century4 ,among them was ,margaretta ,ziesensis1 a ,danish lady1 who painted a large number of portraits and some historical subjects4 ,she was best known1 however1 for her miniature copies of the works of famous artists4 ,these pictures were much the same in effect as the picture-miniatures now in vogue4 ,her copy of ,correggio's ,zingarella was much admired1 and was several times repeated4 ,,supplement ,containing names previously omitted and additions4 ,the asterisk 7997 denotes preceding mention of the artist4 99b,,bilders1 ,,marie ,,van ,,bosse4_/b ,this celebrated landscape painter became an artist through her determination to be an artist rather than because of any impelling natural force driving her to this career4 ,after patient and continuous toil1 she felt that she was developing an artistic impulse4 ,the advice of ,van de ,sande-,bakhuyzen greatly encouraged her1 and the candid and friendly criticism of ,bosboom inspired her with the courage to exhibit her work in public4 ,in the summer of #ahge1 in ,vorden1 she met ,johannes ,bilders1 under whose direction she studied landscape painting4 ,this master took great pains to develop the originality of his pupil rather than to encourage her adapting the manner of other artists4 ,during her stay in ,vorden she made a distinct gain in the attainment of an individual style of painting4 ,after her return to her home at ,the ,hague1 ,bilders established a studio there and showed a still keener interest in his pupil4 ,this artistic friendship resulted in the marriage of the two artists1 and in #ahhj they established themselves in ,oosterbeck4 ,here began the intimate study of the heath which so largely influenced the best pictures by ,frau ,bilders4 ,in the garden of the picturesque house in which the two artists lived was an old barn1 which became her studio1 where1 early and late1 in all sorts of weather1 she devotedly observed the effects later pictured on her canvases4 ,at this time she executed one of her best works1 now in the collection of the ,prince ,regent of ,brunswick4 ,it is thus described by a ,dutch writer in ,rooses' ,dutch ,painters of the ,nineteenth ,century3 ,it represents a deep pool1 overshadowed by old gnarled willows in their autumnal foliage1 their silvery trunks bending over1 as if to see themselves in the clear1 still water4 ,on the edge of the pool are flowers and variegated grasses1 the latter looking as if they wished to crowd out the former--as if they were in the right and the flowers in the wrong2 as if such bright-hued creatures had no business to eclipse their more sombre tones2 as if they and they alone were suited to this silent1 forsaken spot4 ,johannes ,bilders was fully twenty-five years older than his wife1 and the failure of both his physical and mental powers in his last days required her absolute devotion to him4 ,in spite of this1 the garden studio was not wholly forsaken1 and nearly every day she accomplished something there4 ,after her husband's death she had a long illness4 ,on her recovery she returned to ,the ,hague and took the studio which had been that of the artist ,mauve4 ,the life of the town was wearisome to her1 but she found a compensation in her re-union with her old friends1 and with occasional visits to the heath she passed most of her remaining years in the city4 ,her favorite subjects were landscapes with birch and beech trees1 and the varying phases of the heath and of solitary and unfrequented scenes4 ,her works are all in private collections4 ,among them are ,the ,forester's ,cottage1 ,autumn in ,doorwerth1 ,the ,old ,birch1 and the ,old ,oaks of ,wodan at ,sunset4 b,,boznanska1 ,,olga4_/b ,born in ,cracow1 where she was a pupil of ,matejko4 ,later1 in ,munich1 she studied with ,kricheldorf and ,drr4 ,her mother was a ,french woman1 and critics trace both ,polish and ,french characteristics in her work4 ,she paints portraits and genre subjects4 ,she is skilful in seizing salient characteristics1 and her chief aim is to preserve the individuality of her sitters and models4 ,she skilfully manages the side-lights1 and by this means produces strong effects4 ,after the first exhibition of her pictures in ,berlin1 her ,god-given talent was several times mentioned by the art critics4 ,at ,munich she made a good impression by her pictures exhibited in #ahic and #ahie2 at the ,exposition in ,paris1 #ahhi1 her portrait and a study in pastel were much admired and were generously praised in the art journals4 99b,,cox1 ,,louise4_/b ,the picture by ,mrs4 ,cox1 reproduced in this book1 illustrates two lines in a poem by ,austin ,dobson1 called ,a ,song of ,angiola in ,heaven4 ,then set ,i lips to hers1 and felt1-- ,ah1 ,god1--the hard pain fade and melt4 b,,de ,,morgan1 ,,emily4_/b ,family name ,pickering4 ,when sixteen years old1 this artist entered the ,slade ,school1 and eighteen months later received the ,slade ,scholarship1 by which she was entitled to benefit for three years4 ,at the end of the first year1 however1 she resigned this privilege because she did not wish to accept the conditions of the gift4 ,as a child she had loved the pictures of the precursors of ,raphael1 in the ,national ,gallery1 and her first exhibited picture1 ,ariadne in ,naxos1 hung in the ,grosvenor ,gallery in #ahgg1 proved how closely she had studied these old masters4 ,at this time she knew nothing of the ,english ,pre-,raphaelites2 later1 however1 she became one of the most worthy followers of ,burne-,jones4 ,about the time that she left the ,slade ,school one of her uncles took up his residence in ,florence1 where she has spent several winters in work and study4 ,one of her most important pictures is inscribed with these lines3 ,dark is the valley of shadows1 ,empty the power of kings2 ,blind is the favor of fortune1 ,hungry the caverns of death4 ,dim is the light from beyond1 ,unanswered the riddle of life4 ,this pessimistic view of the world is illustrated by the figure of a king1 who1 in the midst of ruins1 places his foot upon the prostrate form of a chained victim2 ,happiness1 with bandaged eyes1 scatters treasures into the bottomless pit1 a desperate youth being about to plunge into its depths2 a kneeling woman1 praying for light1 sees brilliant figures soaring upward1 their beauty charming roses from the thorn bushes4 ,other pictures by this artist remind one of the works of ,botticelli4 ,of her ,ithuriel ,w4 ,s4 ,sparrow wrote3 ,it may be thought that this ,ithuriel is too mild--too much like ,shakespeare's ,oberon--to be in keeping with the terrific tragedy depicted in the first four books of the ',paradise ,lost4' ,eve1 too1 lovely as she is1 seems to bear no likelihood of resemblance to ,milton's superb mother of mankind4 ,but the picture has a sweet1 serene grace which should make us glad to accept from ,mrs4 ,de ,morgan another ,eve and another ,ithuriel1 true children of her own fancy4 ,the myth of ,boreas and ,orithyia1 though faulty perhaps in technique1 is good in conception and arrangement4 ,mrs4 ,de ,morgan has produced some impressive works in sculpture4 ,among these are ,medusa1 a bronze bust2 and a ,mater ,dolorosa1 in terra-cotta4 b,,deschly1 ,,irene4_/b ,born in ,bucharest1 the daughter of a ,roumanian advocate4 ,she gave such promise as an artist that a government stipend was bestowed on her1 which enabled her to study in ,paris1 where she was a pupil of ,laurens and ,e4 ,carrire4 ,her work is tinged with the melancholy and intensity of her nature--perhaps of her race2 yet there is something in her grim conceptions1 or rather in her treatment of them1 that demands attention and compels admiration4 ,even in her ,sweet ,dream1 which represents the half-nude figure of a young girl holding a rose in her hand1 there is more sadness than joy1 as though she said1 ,it is only a dream1 after all4 ,chanson1 exhibited at the ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj1 displays something of the same quality4 b,,eristow-,,kasak1 ,,princess ,,marie4_/b ,among the many ,russian portraits in the ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj1 two1 the work of this pupil of ,michel de ,zichys1 stood out in splendid contrast with the crass realism or the weak idealism of the greater number4 ,one was a half-length portrait of the laughing ,mme4 ,paquin2 full of life and movement were the pose of the figure1 the fall of the draperies1 and the tilt of the expressive fan4 ,the other was the spirited portrait of ,baron von ,friedericks1 a happy combination of cavalier and soldier in its manly strength4 ,when but sixteen years old1 the ,princess ,marie roused the admiration of the ,russian court by her portrait of the ,grand ,duke ,sergius4 ,this led to her painting portraits of various members of the royal family while she was still a pupil of ,de ,zichys4 ,after her marriage she established herself in ,paris1 where she endeavors to preserve an incognito as an artist in order to work in the most quiet and devoted manner4 b,,goebeler1 ,,elise4_/b ,this artist studied drawing under ,steffeck and color under ,drr1 in ,munich4 ,connoisseurs in art welcome the name of ,elise ,goebeler in exhibitions1 and recall the remarkable violet-blue lights and the hazy atmosphere in her works1 out of which emerges some charming1 graceful figure2 perhaps a young girl on whose white shoulders the light falls1 while a shadow half conceals the rest of the form4 ,these dreamy1 ,madonna-like beauties are the result of the most severe and protracted study4 ,without the remarkable excellence of their technique and the unusual quality of their color they would be the veriest sentimentalities2 but wherever they are seen they command admiration4 ,her ,cinderella1 exhibited in ,berlin in #ahhj1 was bought by the ,emperor2 another picture of the same subject1 but quite different in effect1 was exhibited in ,munich in #ahhc4 ,in the same year1 in ,berlin1 ,a ,young ,girl with ,pussy-,willows and ,a ,neapolitan ,water ,carrier were seen4 ,in #ahhg1 in ,berlin1 her ,vanitas1 ,vanitatum ,vanitas and the ,net-,mender were exhibited1 and ten years later ,cheerfulness was highly commended4 ,at ,munich1 in #ahii1 her picture1 called ,elegie1 attracted much attention and received unusual praise4 99b,,herbelin1 ,,jeane ,,mathilde4_/b ,this miniaturist has recently died at the age of eighty-four4 ,in addition to the medals and honors she had received previous to #ahee1 it was that year decided that her works should be admitted to the ,salon without examination4 ,she was a daughter of ,general ,habert1 and a niece of ,belloc1 under whom she studied her art while still very young4 ,her early ambition was to paint large pictures1 but ,delacroix persuaded her to devote herself to miniature painting1 in which art she has been called the best in the world4 ,she adopted the full tones and broad style to which she was accustomed in her larger works1 and revolutionized the method of miniature painting in which stippling had prevailed4 ,when eighteen years old1 she went to ,italy1 where she made copies from the masters and did much original work as well4 ,among her best portraits are those of the ,baroness ,habert1 ,guizot1 ,rossini1 ,isabey1 ,robert-,fleury1 ,m4 and ,mme4 de ,torigny1 ,count de ,zeppel1 and her own portrait4 ,besides portraits1 she painted a picture called ,a ,child ,holding a ,rose1 ,souvenir1 and ,a ,young ,girl ,playing with a ,fan4 b,,johnson1 ,,adelaide4_/b ,born at ,plymouth1 ,illinois4 ,this sculptor first studied in the ,st4 ,louis ,school of ,design1 and in #ahgg1 at the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition1 received two prizes for the excellence of her wood carving4 ,during several years she devoted herself to interior decoration1 designing not only the form and color to be used in decorating edifices1 but also the furniture and all necessary details to complete them and make them ready for use4 ,being desirous of becoming a sculptor1 ,miss ,johnson went1 in #ahhc1 to ,england1 ,germany1 and ,italy4 ,in ,rome she was a pupil of ,monteverde and of ,altini1 who was then president of the ,academy of ,st4 ,luke4 ,after two years she returned to ,america and began her professional career in ,chicago1 where she remained but a year before establishing herself in ,washington4 ,her best-known works are portrait busts1 which are numerous4 ,many of these have been seen in the ,corcoran ,art ,gallery and in other public exhibitions4 ,of her bust of ,susan ,b4 ,anthony1 the sculptor1 ,lorado ,taft1 said3 ,your bust of ,miss ,anthony is better than mine4 ,i tried to make her real1 but you have made her not only real1 but ideal4 ,among her portraits are those of ,general ,logan1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,w4 ,thomas1 ,isabella ,beecher ,hooker1 ,william ,tebb1 ,esq41 of ,london1 etc4 b,,koegel1 ,,linda4_/b ,born at ,the ,hague4 ,a pupil of ,stauffer-,bern in ,berlin and of ,herterich in ,munich4 ,her attachment to impressionism leads this artist to many experiments in color--or1 as one critic wrote1 to play with color4 ,she apparently prefers to paint single figures of women and young girls1 but her works include a variety of subjects4 ,she also practises etching1 pen-and-ink drawing1 as well as crayon and water-color sketching4 ,the light touch in some of her genre pictures is admirable1 and in contrast1 the portrait of her father--- the court preacher--displays a masculine firmness in its handling1 and is a very striking picture4 ,in #ahie she exhibited at the ,munich ,secession the portrait of a woman1 delicate but spirited1 and a group which was said to set aside every convention in the happiest manner4 b,,kroener1 ,,magda4_/b ,the pictures of flowers which this artist paints prove her to be a devoted lover of nature4 ,she exhibited at ,dsseldorf1 in #ahic1 a captivating study of red poppies and another of flowering vetch1 which were bought by the ,german ,emperor4 ,the following year she exhibited two landscapes1 one of which was so much better than the other that it was suggested that she might have been assisted by her husband1 the animal painter1 ,christian ,kroener4 ,one of her most delightful pictures1 ,a ,quiet ,corner1 represents a retired nook in a garden1 overgrown with foliage and flowers1 so well painted that one feels that they must be fragrant4 b,,lepsius1 ,,sabina4_/b ,daughter of ,gustav ,graf and wife of the portrait painter1 ,lepsius4 ,she was a pupil of ,gussow1 then of the ,julian ,academy in ,paris1 and later studied in ,rome4 ,her pictures have an unusual refinement2 like some other ,german women artists1 she aims at giving a subtle impression of character and personality in her treatment of externals1 and her work has been said to affect one like music4 ,the portrait of her little daughter1 painted in a manner which suggests ,van ,dyck1 is one of the works which entitle her to consideration4 b,,leyster1 ,,judith4_/b ,a native of ,haarlem on ,zandam1 the date of her birth being unknown4 ,she died in #affj4 ,in #afcf she married the well-known artist1 ,jan ,molemaer4 ,she did her work at a most interesting period in ,dutch painting4 ,her earliest picture is dated #afbi2 she was chosen to the ,guild of ,st4 ,luke at ,haarlem in #afcc4 ,recent investigations make it probable that certain pictures which have for generations been attributed to ,frans ,hals were the work of ,judith ,leyster4 ,in #ahic a most interesting lawsuit1 which occurred in ,london and was reported in the ,times1 concerned a picture known as ,the ,fiddlers1 which had been sold as a work of ,frans ,hals for #d1ejj4 ,the purchasers found that this claim was not well founded1 and sought to recover their money4 ,a searching investigation traced the ownership of the work back to a connoisseur of the time of ,william ,,iii4 ,in #afgh it was sold for a small sum1 and was then called ,a ,dutch ,courtesan ,drinking with a ,young ,man4 ,the monogram on the picture was called that of ,frans ,hals1 but as reproduced and explained by ,c4 ,hofstede de ,groot in the ,jahrbuch fr ,kniglich-preussischen ,kunst-,sammlungen for #ahic1 it seems evident that the signature is ,j4 ,l4 and not ,f4 ,h4 ,similar initials are on the ,flute ,player1 in the gallery at ,stockholm2 the ,seamstress1 in ,the ,hague ,gallery1 and on a picture in the ,six collection at ,amsterdam4 ,it is undeniable that these pictures all show the influence of ,hals1 whose pupil ,judith ,leyster may have been1 and whose manner she caught as ,mlle4 ,mayer caught that of ,greuze and ,prud'hon4 ,at all events1 the present evidence seems to support the claim that the world is indebted to ,judith ,leyster for these admirable pictures4 b,,mach1 ,,hildegarde ,,von4_/b ,this painter studied in ,dresden and ,munich1 and under the influence of ,anton ,pepinos she developed her best characteristics1 her fine sense of form and of color4 ,she admirably illustrates the modern tendency in art toward individual expression--a tendency which permits the following of original methods1 and affords an outlet for energy and strength of temperament4 ,frulein ,mach has made a name in both portrait and genre painting4 ,her ,waldesgrauen represents two naked children in an attitude of alarm as the forest grows dark around them2 it gives a vivid impression of the mysterious charm and the possible dangers which the deep woods present to the childish mind4 b,,mayer1 ,,marie ,,fran,,oise ,,constance4_/b ,as early as #ahjf this artist received a gold medal from the ,paris ,salon1 awarded to her picture of ,venus and ,love ,asleep4 ,born #agge1 died #ahba4 ,she studied under ,suve1 ,greuze1 and ,prud'hon4 ,there are various accounts of the life of ,mlle4 ,mayer4 ,that of ,m4 ,charles ,guenllette is the authority followed here4 ,it is probable that ,mlle4 ,mayer came under the influence of ,prud'hon as early as #ahjb1 possibly before that time4 ,prud'hon1 a sensitive man1 absorbed in his art1 had married at twenty a woman who had no sympathy with his ideals1 and when she realized that he had no ambition1 and was likely to be always poor1 her temper got the better of any affection she had ever felt for him4 ,prud'hon1 in humiliation and despair1 lived in a solitude almost complete4 ,it was with difficulty that ,mlle4 ,mayer persuaded this master to receive her as a pupil2 but this being gained1 both these painters had studios in the ,sorbonne from #ahji to #ahba4 ,at the latter date all artists were obliged to vacate the ,sorbonne ateliers to make room for some new department of instruction4 ,mlle4 ,mayer had been for some time in a depressed condition1 and her friends had been anxious about her4 ,whether leaving the ,sorbonne had a tendency to increase her melancholy is not known1 but her suicide came as a great surprise and shock to all who knew her1 especially to ,prud'hon1 who survived her less than two years4 ,prud'hon painted several portraits of ,mlle4 ,mayer1 the best-known being now in the ,louvre4 ,it represents an engaging personality1 in which vivacity and sensibility are distinctly indicated4 ,mlle4 ,mayer had made her dbut at the ,salon of #ahif with a portrait of ,citizeness ,mayer1 painted by herself1 and showing a sketch for the portrait of her mother2 also a picture of a ,young ,scholar with a ,portfolio ,under ,his ,arm1 and a miniature4 ,from this time her work was seen at each year's salon4 ,her pictures in #ahaj were the ,happy ,mother and the ,unhappy ,mother1 which are now in the ,louvre2 the contrast between the joyousness of the mother with her child and the anguish of the mother who has lost her child is portrayed with great tenderness4 ,the ,dream of ,happiness1 also in the ,louvre1 represents a young couple in a boat with their child2 the boat is guided down the stream of life by ,love and ,fortune4 ,this is one of her best pictures4 ,it is full of poetic feeling1 and the flesh tints are unusually natural4 ,the work of this artist is characterized by delicacy of touch and freshness of color while pervaded by a peculiar grace and charm4 ,her drawing is good1 but the composition is less satisfactory4 ,it is well known that ,prud'hon and his pupil painted many pictures in collaboration4 ,this has led to an under-valuation of her ability1 and both the inferior works of ,prud'hon and bad imitations of him have been attributed to her4 ,m4 ,guenllette writes that when ,mlle4 ,mayer studied under ,greuze she painted in his manner1 and he inclines to the opinion that some pictures attributed to ,greuze were the work of his pupil4 ,in the same way she imitated ,prud'hon1 and this critic thinks it by no means certain that the master finished her work1 as has been alleged4 ,in the ,museum at ,nancy are ,mlle4 ,mayer's portraits of ,mme4 and ,mlle4 ,voiant2 in the ,museum of ,dijon is an ideal head by her1 and in the ,bordeaux ,gallery is her picture1 called ,confidence4 ,innocence ,prefers ,love to ,riches and the ,torch of ,venus are well-known works by ,mlle4 ,mayer4 b,,mesdag-,,van ,,houten1 ,s4_/b ,gold medal at ,amsterdam1 #ahhd2 bronze medal1 ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi4 ,born at ,groningen1 #ahcd4 ,in #ahef she married ,mesdag1 who1 rather late in life decided to follow the career of a painter4 ,his wife1 not wishing to be separated from him in any sense1 resolved on the same profession1 and about #ahgj they began their study4 ,mme4 ,mesdag acquired her technique with difficulty1 and her success was achieved only as the result of great perseverance and continual labor4 ,the artists of ,oosterbeck and ,brussels1 who were her associates1 materially aided her by their encouragement4 ,she began the study of drawing at the age of thirty1 and her first attempt in oils was made seven years later4 ,beginning with single twigs and working over them patiently she at length painted whole trees1 and later animals4 ,she came to know the peculiarities of nearly all native trees4 ,she built a studio in the woods of ,scheveningen1 and there developed her characteristics--close observation and careful reproduction of details4 ,in the summer of #ahgb ,m4 and ,mme4 ,mesdag went to ,friesland and ,drenthe1 where they made numerous sketches of the heath1 sheep1 farmhouses1 and the people in their quaint costumes4 ,one of ,mme4 ,mesdag's pictures1 afterward exhibited at ,berlin1 is thus described3 ,on this canvas we see the moon1 just as she has broken through a gray cloud1 spreading her silvery sheen over the sleepy land2 in the centre we are given a sheep-fold1 at the door of which a flock of sheep are jostling and pushing each other1 all eager to enter their place of rest4 ,the wave-like movement of these animals is particularly graceful and cleverly done4 ,a little shepherdess is guiding them1 as anxious to get them in as they are to enter1 for this means the end of her day's work4 ,her worn-out blue petticoat is lighted up by a moonbeam2 in her hand she appears to have a hoe4 ,it is a most harmonious picture2 every line is in accord with its neighbor4 ,while residing in ,brussels these two artists began to collect works of art for what is now known as the ,mesdag ,museum4 ,in #ahhg a wing was added to their house to accommodate their increasing treasures1 which include especially good examples of modern ,french painting1 pottery1 tapestry1 etc4 ,in #ahhi an exhibition of the works of these painters was held4 ,here convincing proof was given of ,mme4 ,mesdag's accuracy1 originality of interpretation1 and her skill in the use of color4 b,m,,ller1 ,,agnes ,,slott1 ,,or ,,slott-,m,,ller1 ,,agnes4_/b ,this artist follows the young romantic movement in ,denmark4 ,she has embodied in her work a modern comprehension of old legends4 ,the landscape and people of her native land seem to her as eminently suitable motives1 and these realities she renders in the spirit of a by-gone age--that of the national heroes of the sagas and epics of the country1 or the lyric atmosphere of the folk-songs4 ,she may depict these conceptions1 full of feeling1 in the dull colors of the ,north1 or in rich and glowing hues1 but the impression she gives is much the same in both cases1 a generally restful effect1 though the faces in her pictures are full of life and emotion4 ,her choice of subjects and her manner of treatment almost inevitably introduce some archaic quality in her work4 ,this habit and the fact that she cares more for color than for drawing are the usual criticisms of her pictures4 ,her ,st4 ,agnes is an interesting rendering of a well-worn subject4 ,adelil the ,proud1 exhibited at the ,paris ,exposition of #ahhi1 tells the story of the ,duke of ,frydensburg1 who was in love with ,adelil1 the king's daughter4 ,the king put him to death1 and the attendants of ,adelil made of his heart a viand which they presented to her4 ,when she learned what this singular substance was--that caused her to tremble violently--she asked for wine1 and carrying the cup to her lips with a tragic gesture1 in memory of her lover1 she died of a broken heart4 ,it is such legends as these that ,mme4 ,slott-,mller revives1 and by which she is widely known4 b,,morisot ,,or ,,morizot1 ,,berthe4_/b ,married name ,manet4 ,born at ,bourges1 #ahdj1 died in ,paris1 #ahie4 ,a pupil of ,guichard and ,oudinot4 ,after her marriage to ,eugne ,manet she came under the influence of his famous brother1 douard4 ,this artist signed her pictures with her maiden name1 being too modest to use that which she felt belonged only to douard ,manet1 in the world of art4 ,a great interest was1 however1 aroused in the private galleries1 where the works of the early impressionists were seen1 by the pictures of ,berthe ,morisot4 ,camille ,mauclair1 an enthusiastic admirer of this school of art1 says3 ,berthe ,morizot will remain the most fascinating figure of ,impressionism--the one who has stated most precisely the femininity of this luminous and iridescent art4 ,a great-granddaughter of ,fragonard1 she seems to have inherited his talent2 ,corot and ,renoir forcibly appealed to her4 ,these elements1 modified by her personal attitude1 imparted a strong individuality to her works1 which divided honors with her personal charms4 ,according to the general verdict1 she was equally successful in oils and water-colors4 ,her favorite subjects--although she painted others--were sea-coast views1 flowers1 orchards1 and gardens and young girls in every variety of costume4 ,after the death of douard ,manet1 she devoted herself to building up an appreciation of his work in the public mind4 ,so intelligent were her methods that she doubtless had great influence in making the memory of his art enduring4 ,among her most characteristic works are3 ,the ,memories of the ,oise1 #ahfd2 ,ros-,bras1 ,finistre1 #ahfh2 ,a ,young ,girl at a ,window1 #ahgj2 a pastel1 ,blanche1 #ahgc2 ,the ,toilet1 and ,a ,young ,woman at the ,ball4 99b,,ney1 ,,elizabeth4_/b ,the ,fine ,arts jury of the ,st4 ,louis ,exposition have accepted three works by this sculptor to be placed in the ,fine ,arts ,building4 ,they are the ,albert ,sidney ,johnston memorial2 the portrait bust of ,jacob ,grimm1 in marble2 and a bronze statuette of ,garibaldi4 ,it is unusual to allow so many entries to one artist4 b,,pauli1 ,,hanna_/b1 family name1 ,hirsch4 ,bronze medal at ,paris ,exposition1 #ahhi4 ,born in ,stockholm and pupil of the ,academy of ,fine ,arts there2 later1 of ,dagnan-,bouveret1 in ,paris4 ,her husband1 also an artist1 is ,georg ,pauli4 ,they live in ,stockholm1 where she paints portraits and genre subjects4 ,at the ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj1 she exhibited two excellent portraits1 one of her father and another of ,ellen ,key2 also a charming genre subject1 ,the ,old ,couple4 b,,romani1 ,,juana1 ,h4 ,c4_/b ,born at ,velletri1 #ahfi4 ,pupil of ,henner and ,roybet1 in ,paris1 where she lives4 ,this artist is1 sui generis1 a daughter of the people1 of unconventional tastes and habits4 ,she has boldly reproduced upon canvas a fulness of life and joy1 such as is rarely seen in pictures4 ,while she has caught something of the dash of ,henner1 and something of the color of ,roybet1 and gained a firm mastery of the best ,french technique1 these are infused with the ardor of a ,southern temperament4 ,her favorite subjects are women--either in the strength and beauty of maternity1 or in the freshness of youth1 or even of childhood4 ,some critics feel that1 despite much that is desirable in her work1 the soul is lacking in the women she paints4 ,this is no doubt due in some measure to certain types she has chosen--for example1 ,salome and ,herodias1 in whom one scarcely looks for such an element4 ,her portrait of ,roybet and a picture of ,bianca ,capello were exhibited at ,munich in #ahic and at ,antwerp in #ahid4 ,the ,pensierosa and a little girl were at the ,paris ,salon in #ahid1 and were much admired4 ,herodias appeared at ,vienna in #ahid and at ,berlin the following year1 while ,primavera was first seen at the ,salon of #ahie4 ,this picture laughs1 as children laugh1 with perfect abandon4 ,a portrait of ,miss ,gibson was also at the ,salon of #ahie1 and ,vittoria ,colonna and a ,venetian ,girl were sent to ,munich4 ,these were followed by the ,flower of the ,alps and ,desdemona in #ahif2 ,doa ,mona1 palpitating with life1 and ,faustalla of ,pistoia1 with short golden hair and a majestic poise of the head1 in #ahig2 ,salome and ,angelica1 two widely differing pictures in character and color1 in #ahih2 ,mina of ,fiesole1 and the portrait of a golden-haired beauty in a costume of black and gold1 in #ahii2 the portrait of ,mlle4 ,h4 ,d41 in #aijj2 ,l',infante1 one of her most noble creations1 of a remarkably fine execution1 and a ravishing child called ,roger--with wonderful blond hair--in #aija4 ,mlle4 ,romani often paints directly on the canvas without preliminary sketch or study1 and sells many of her pictures before they are finished4 ,some of her works have been purchased by the ,french ,government1 and there are examples of these in the ,luxembourg1 and in the ,gallery of ,mlhausen4 b,,rupprecht1 ,,tini4_/b ,after having lessons from private instructors1 this artist studied under ,lenbach4 ,she has been much influenced by ,gainsborough1 ,lawrence1 and ,reynolds1 traces of their manner being evident in her work4 ,she renders the best type of feminine seductiveness with delicacy and grace2 she avoids the trivial and gross1 but pictures all the allurements of an innocent coquetry4 ,her portrait of the ,princess ,marie1 of ,roumania1 was exhibited in ,munich in #aija2 its reality and personality were notable1 and one critic called it an oasis in a desert of portraits4 ,anno #agic and ,a ,mother and ,child have attracted much favorable comment in ,munich1 where her star is in the ascendant1 and greater excellence in her work is confidently prophesied4 b,,schwartze1 ,,therese4_/b ,honorable mention1 ,paris ,salon1 #ahhe2 gold medal1 #ahhi4 ,diploma at ,ghent1 #ahib2 gold medal1 #ahib4 ,at ,international ,exhibition1 ,barcelona1 #ahih1 a gold medal4 ,made a ,knight of the ,order of ,orange-,nassau1 #ahif4 ,born in ,amsterdam about #ahea4 ,a pupil of her father until his death1 when she became a student under ,gabriel ,max1 in ,munich1 for a year4 ,returning to ,amsterdam1 she was much encouraged by ,israels1 ,bilders1 and ,bosboom1 friends of her father4 ,she went to ,paris in #ahgh and was so attracted by the artistic life which she saw that she determined to study there4 ,but she did not succeed in finding a suitable studio1 neither an instructor who pleased her1 and she returned to ,amsterdam4 ,it was at this time that she painted the portrait of ,frederick ,mller4 ,in the spring of #ahhj she went again to ,paris1 only to feast on things artistic4 ,a little later she was summoned to the palace at ,soestdijk to instruct the ,princess ,henry of the ,netherlands4 ,in #ahhc she served with many distinguished artists on the art jury of the ,international ,exhibition at ,amsterdam4 ,in #ahhd she once more yielded to the attraction that ,paris had for her1 and there made a great advance in her painting4 ,in #ahhe she began to work in pastel1 and one of her best portraits in this medium was that of the ,princess 7,queen7 ,wilhelmina1 which was loaned by the ,queen ,regent for the exhibition of this artist's work in ,amsterdam in #ahij4 ,the ,italian ,government requested ,miss ,schwartze to paint her own portrait for the ,uffizi ,gallery4 ,this was shown at the ,paris ,salon1 #ahhi1 and missed the gold medal by two votes4 ,this portrait is thought by some good judges to equal that of ,mme4 ,le ,brun4 ,the head with the interesting eyes1 shaded by the hand which wards off the light1 and the penetrating1 observant look1 are most impressive4 ,she has painted a portrait of ,queen ,emma1 and sent to ,berlin in #aijb a portrait of ,wolmaran1 a member of the ,transvaal ,government1 which was esteemed a work of the first rank4 ,she has painted several portraits of her mother1 which would have made for her a reputation had she done no others4 ,she has had many notable men and women among her sitters1 and though not a robust woman1 she works incessantly without filling all the commissions offered her4 ,her pictures are in the ,museums of ,amsterdam and ,rotterdam4 ,her work is full of life and strength1 and her touch shows her confidence in herself and her technical knowledge4 ,she is1 however1 a severe critic of her own work and is greatly disturbed by indiscriminating praise4 ,she is serious and preoccupied in her studio1 but with her friends she is full of gayety1 and is greatly admired1 both as a woman and as an artist4 b,,van ,,der ,,veer1 ,,miss4_/b ,this artist1 says a recent critic1 has studied to some purpose in excellent continental schools1 and is endowed withal with a creative faculty and breadth in conception rarely found in ,american painters of either sex4 ,her genre work is full of life1 light1 color1 and character1 with picturesque grouping1 faultless atmosphere1 and a breadth of technical treatment that verges on audacity1 yet never fails of its designed purpose4 ,the fifty pictures exhibited by ,miss ,van der ,veer in ,philadelphia1 in ,february1 #aijd1 included interiors1 portraits--mostly in pastel--flower studies and sketches1 treating ,dutch peasant life4 ,among the most notable of these may be mentioned ,the ,chimney ,corner1 ,saturday ,morning1 ,mother and ,child1 and a portrait of the artist herself4 b,,waldau1 ,,margarethe4_/b ,born in ,breslau1 #ahfj4 ,after studying by herself in ,munich1 this artist became a pupil of ,streckfuss in ,berlin1 and later1 in ,nuremberg1 studied under the younger ,graeb and ,ritter4 ,the first subject chosen by her for a picture was the ,portal of the ,church of the ,magdalene4 ,her taste for architectural motives was strengthened by travel in ,russia1 the ,netherlands1 ,belgium1 and ,germany4 ,the fine old churches of ,nuremberg and the venerable edifices of ,breslau afforded her most attractive subjects1 which she treated with such distinction that her pictures were sought by kings and princes as well as by appreciative connoisseurs4 ,her success increased her confidence in herself and enhanced the boldness and freedom with which she handled her brush4 ,an exhibition of her work in ,berlin led to her receiving a commission from the ,government to paint two pictures for the ,paris ,exposition1 #aijj4 ,mayence at ,sunset and the ,leipzig ,market-,place in ,winter were the result of this order1 and are two of her best works4 ,occasionally this artist has painted genre subjects1 but her real success has not been in this direction4