,,engli% ,,prose ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,relat$ ,,essays ,,= ,,! ,,discussion ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,writ+ ,,select$ ,,& ,,edit$ ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,,william ,,roe1 ,,ph4,d4 ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,wiscons9 ,,& ,,george ,,roy ,,elliott1 ,,ph4,d4 ,,( ,,b[do9 ,,college #aiac ,,preface ,! selections 9 ! pres5t volume1 design$ prim>ily = ! discussion & practice 9 college classes ( ! art ( composition1 h be5 arrang$ "u a s*eme :i* ! editors believe to be new4 ,!re are n9e relat$ gr\ps4 ,ea* successive gr\p repres5ts a diff]5t phase ( life1 beg9n+ ) "* & p]sonality1 & conclud+ ) art & lit]ature4 ,! :ole toge!r1 z ! table ( cont5ts w %[1 ?us pres5ts a body ( ideas t includes practically all ! great dep>tm5ts ( human ?\ght & int]e/4 ,x is evid5t t c]ta9 ideals ( tea*+ composition und]lie ! s*eme4 ,! editors believe he>tily ) ,pat] t ! *ief /imulus ( good /yle is to possess a full1 ri*1 complex matt] to grapple )4 ,in/ruction 9 writ+1 x is to be fe>$1 too (t5 neglects ?is s\nd doctr9e & places an emphasis ^u =mal matt]s t seems disproportionate1 especially :5 =m is made to appe> z a ?+ ap>t4 ,=m & cont5t g toge!r & "o mu/ n suff] at ! exp5se ( ! o!r4 ,b a su/a9$ int]e/ 9 ! ways & means ( correct expression is ar\s$ only :5 ! /ud5t feels t he has some?+ to express4 ,in/ructors (t5 cont5d inde$ t ! ideas ( und]graduates are f> to seek1 & t mo/ ( ! "t 9 ! class-room is !re=e be/ sp5t ^u =mal ex]cises & drill4 ,! editors d n %>e ?is view4 ,!y believe t !re is no class ( p m responsive to new ideas & impressions ?an college /ud5ts1 & none m eag]1 :5 normally /imulat$1 to express !mselves 9 writ+4 ,!y h !re=e aim$ to pres5t a s]ies ( relat$ selections t w\ld ar\se ?\ght & provoke oral discussion 9 ! class-room1 z well z furni% suitable models ( /yle4 ,9 mo/ cases ! pieces are too long to be adequately h&l$ 9 "o class h\r4 ,a live topic may well be discuss$ = sev]al h\rs1 until its v>i\s sides h be5 exam9$ & /ud5ts are awak5$ to ! _m que/ions at issue4 ,! editors h aim$1 also1 to supply selections s ri* & vital 9 cont5t t in/ructors !mselves w feel *all5g$ to add to ! class discussion f _! own k & exp]i5ce1 & s turn a /ream ( fre% ideas ^u /ock notions4 ,?us ,engli% composition1 :i* 9 _m c\rses 9 our l>g] in/itutions is n[ almo/ ! only non-special /udy1 c be made a direct means ( lib]alization 9 ! mean+ & art ( life1 z well z an in/rum5t = correct & effective writ+4 ,! pres5t volume !re=e diff]s f o!rs 9 ! same field4 ,_m rec5t collections conta9 pieces too %ort & unrelat$ to satisfy ! ideals sugge/$ above--ideals :i*1 ! editors feel sure1 are held by an increas+ numb] ( tea*]s4 ,& old] & new] collections alike h be5 con/ruct$ prim>ily ) ! purpose ( illu/rat+ ! conv5tional categories1--description1 n>ration1 exposition4 ,tea*]s ( composition ev]y:]e are becom+ di/ru/ful ( an arrangem5t :i* is frankly at v>iance ) ! actual practice ( writ+1 & are ( ! op9ion t x is bett] to set ! /ud5t to ! task ( composition )\t conf9+ him too n>r[ly to "o =m ( disc\rse4 ,! editors h delib]ately avoid$1 h[ev]1 ! o!r extreme1 :i* is reflect$ 9 "o or two rec5t volumes1 ( *oos+ pieces ( "o type to ! exclusion ( all o!rs4 ,9 collections ( ?is k9d v>iety 9 =m & subject-matt] is fully z important z ri*ness ( cont5t4 ,in/ructors :o believe 9 ! use ( ! types ( disc\rse z ! mo/ practicable means ( in/ruction1 w f9d all ! types lib]ally repres5t$ 9 ! pres5t volume4 ,& 9 ord] to meet _! requirem5ts ev5 m adequately1 ! editors h includ$ two %ort /ories at ! end1 z examples ( n>ration ) a plot4 ,mu* att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! sugge/ions at ! end ( ! volume ) ! aim ( mak+ !m practically s]viceable &1 at ! same "t1 z free z possible f duplication ( class "w4 ,?is aim1 ! editors came to believe1 c\ld be/ be atta9$ by provid+ = ea* gr\p ( selections def9ite sugge/ions ( !me-subjects to be d]iv$ by ! /ud5t f supplem5t>y read+s closely relat$ to t gr\p4 ,f4,w4,r4 ,g4,r4,e4 ,,madison1 ,,wiscons91 ,may1 #aiac4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,! ,,p]sonal ,,life4 #a4 ,self-,reliance444444444444444,,ralph ,,waldo ,,em]son #b4 ,e>ly ,education at ,h]ne ,hill4444444444444,,john ,,rusk9 #c4 ,a ,crisis 9 ,my ,m5tal ,hi/ory444444444444,,john ,,/u>t ,,mill #d4 ,old ,*9a4444444444444444444,,*>les ,,lamb ,,ii4 ,,education4 #e4 ,:at is ,education84444444444,,?omas ,,h5ry ,,huxley #f4 ,k ,view$ 9 ,relation to ,le>n+ 44444,,john ,,h5ry ,,newman #g4 ,lit]ature & ,sci5ce444444,,mat!w ,,arnold #h4 ,h[ to ,read44444444444444444,,fr$]ic ,,h>rison ,,iii4 ,,recreation ,,& ,,travels4 #i4 ,on ,go+ a ,j\rney4444444444,,william ,,hazlitt #aj4 ,regrets ( a ,m\nta9e]4444,,leslie ,,/eph5 ,,iv4 ,,social ,,life ,,& ,,mann]s4 #aa4 ,behavior44444444444444444444,,ralph ,,waldo ,,em]son #ab4 ,mann]s & ,fa%ion444444444,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] #ac4 ,talk & ,talk]s444444444444,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son ,v4 ,,public ,,affairs4 #ad4 ,! ,social ,value ( ! ,college-br$4444444,,william ,,james #ae4 ,! ,law ( ,human ,progress444444444444,,h5ry ,,george #af4 ,! ,morals ( ,trade444444444,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] ,,vi4 ,,sci5ce4 #ag4 ,! ,physical ,basis ( ,life4444444444444444444,,?omas ,,h5ry ,,huxley #ah4 ,m5tal ,p[]s ( ,m5 & ,animals44444444444,,*>les ,,d>w9 #ai4 ,! ,importance ( ,du/444444,,alfr$ ,,russel ,,wallace ,,vii4 ,,nature4 #bj4 ,! ,battle ( ! ,ants444444,,h5ry ,,david ,,?oreau #ba4 ,a ,w9d/orm 9 ! ,=e/s444444444444,,john ,,muir #bb4 ,wald5 ,pond44444444444444444,,h5ry ,,david ,,?oreau #bc4 ,extracts f ,mod]n ,pa9t]s44444444444,,john ,,rusk9 ,,viii4 ,,conduct ,,& ,,inn] ,,life4 #bd4 ,! ,/oics44 4444444444444,,william ,,edw>d ,,h>tpole ,,lecky #be4 ,en?usiasm ( ,humanity444444,,john ,,rob]t ,,seeley #bf4 ,loyalty & ,insight444444444,,josiah ,,royce ,,ix4 ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art4 #bg4 ,poetry = ,poetry's ,sake4444 ,a4,c4 ,,bradley #bh4 ,greek ,trag$y4444444444444444,g4 ,,l[es ,,dick9son #bi4 ,%akespe>e444444444444444444,,?omas ,,c>lyle #cj4 ,*>les ,lamb44444444444444444,,walt] ,,pat] #ca4 ,dr4 ,heidegg]'s ,exp]im5t444,,na?aniel ,,haw?orne #cb4 ,m>kheim444444444444444444444,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son ,,supplem5t>y ,,read+s4 ,) "s topics = ,discussion & ,composition4 ,,engli% ,,prose ,,self-,,reliance#a ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,em]son ,i read ! o!r day "s v]ses writt5 by an em95t pa9t] :i* 7 orig9al & n conv5tional4 ,always ! s\l he>s an admonition 9 su* l9es1 let ! subject be :at x may4 ,! s5tim5t !y in/il is ( m value ?an any ?\ght !y may conta94 ,to believe y\r own ?\ght1 to believe t :at is true = y 9 y\r private he>t is true = all m51--t is g5ius4 ,speak y\r lat5t conviction1 & x %all be ! univ]sal s5se2 = always ! inmo/ becomes ! outmo/--& our fir/ ?\ght is r5d]$ back to u by ! trumpets ( ! ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,famili> z ! voice ( ! m9d is to ea*1 ! highe/ m]it we ascribe to ,moses1 ,plato & ,milton is t !y set at naught books & traditions1 & spoke n :at m51 b :at !y ?\ght4 ,a man %\ld le>n to detect & wat* t gleam ( light :i* fla%es across 8 m9d f )91 m ?an ! lu/] ( ! firmam5t ( b>ds & sages4 ,yet he dismisses )\t notice 8 ?\ght1 because x is 84 ,9 e "w ( g5ius we recognize our own reject$ ?\ghts2 !y come back to u ) a c]ta9 ali5at$ maje/y4 ,great works ( art h no m affect+ lesson = u ?an ?is4 ,!y tea* u to abide by our spontane\s impression ) good-humor$ inflexibility !n mo/ :5 ! :ole cry ( voices is on ! o!r side4 ,else to-morr[ a /rang] w say ) ma/]ly good s5se precisely :at we h ?\ght & felt all ! "t1 & we %all be =c$ to take ) %ame our own op9ion f ano!r4 ,!re is a "t 9 e man's education :5 he arrives at ! conviction t envy is ignorance2 t imitation is suicide2 t he mu/ take himself = bett] = worse z 8 portion2 t ?\gh ! wide univ]se is full ( good1 no k]nel ( n\ri%+ corn c come to him b ?r\gh 8 toil be/[$ on t plot ( gr\nd :i* is giv5 to him to till4 ,! p[] :i* resides 9 him is new 9 nature1 & none b he kn[s :at t is :i* he c d1 nor does he "k until he has tri$4 ,n = no?+ "o face1 "o "*1 "o fact1 makes mu* impression on him1 & ano!r none4 ,x is n )\t pree/abli%$ h>mony1 ?is sculpture 9 ! memory4 ,! eye 0 plac$ :]e "o ray %\ld fall1 t x might te/ify ( t p>ticul> ray4 ,bravely let him speak ! utmo/ syllable ( 8 confession4 ,we b half express ourselves1 & are a%am$ ( t div9e idea :i* ea* ( u repres5ts4 ,x may be safely tru/$ z proportionate & ( good issues1 s x be fai?fully imp>t$1 b ,god w n h 8 "w made manife/ by c[>ds4 ,x ne$s a div9e man to exhibit any?+ div9e4 ,a man is reliev$ & gay :5 he has put 8 he>t into 8 "w & done 8 be/2 b :at he has said or done o!rwise %all give him no peace4 ,x is a deliv]ance :i* does n deliv]4 ,9 ! attempt 8 g5ius des]ts him2 no muse befri5ds2 no inv5tion1 no hope4 ,tru/ ?yself3 e he>t vibrates to t iron /r+4 ,accept ! place ! div9e provid5ce has f\nd = y1 ! society ( y\r contempor>ies1 ! connection ( ev5ts4 ,great m5 h always done s1 & confid$ !mselves *ildlike to ! g5ius ( _! age1 betray+ _! p]ception t ! ,et]nal 0 /irr+ at _! he>t1 work+ ?r\gh _! h&s1 pr$om9at+ 9 all _! be+4 ,& we are n[ m51 & mu/ accept 9 ! highe/ m9d ! same transc5d5t de/9y2 & n p9*$ 9 a corn]1 n c[>ds flee+ be=e a revolution1 b r$eem]s & b5efactors1 pi\s aspirants to be noble clay "u ! ,almighty ef=t let u advance on ,*aos & ! ,d>k4 ,:at pretty oracles nature yields u on ?is text 9 ! face & behavior ( *ildr51 babes1 & ev5 brutes4 ,t divid$ & rebel m9d1 t di/ru/ ( a s5tim5t because our ari?metic has comput$ ! /r5g? & means oppos$ to our purpose1 ^! h n4 ,_! m9d be+ :ole1 _! eye is z yet unconqu]$1 & :5 we look 9 _! faces1 we are disconc]t$4 ,infancy con=ms to nobody2 all con=m to x2 s t "o babe commonly makes f\r or five out ( ! adults :o prattle & play to x4 ,s ,god has arm$ y\? & pub]ty & manhood no less ) its own piquancy & *>m1 & made x enviable & graci\s & its claims n to be put by1 if x w /& by itself4 ,d n ?9k ! y\? has no =ce1 because he _c speak to y & me4 ,h>k6 9 ! next room :o spoke s cle> & emphatic8 ,good ,heav56 x is he6 x is t v lump ( ba%fulness & phlegm :i* = weeks has done no?+ b eat :5 y 7 by1 & n[ rolls out ^! words l bell-/rokes4 ,x seems he kn[s h[ to speak to 8 contempor>ies4 ,ba%ful or bold !n1 he w "k h[ to make u s5iors v unnecess>y4 ,! non*alance ( boys :o are sure ( a d9n]1 & w\ld disda9 z mu* z a "l to d or say aught to conciliate "o1 is ! heal?y attitude ( human nature4 ,h[ is a boy ! ma/] ( society6--indep5d5t1 irresponsible1 look+ out f 8 corn] on su* p & facts z pass by1 he tries & s5t5ces !m on _! m]its1 9 ! swift1 summ>y way ( boys1 z good1 bad1 int]e/+1 silly1 eloqu5t1 tr\blesome4 ,he cumb]s himself nev] ab\t consequ5ces1 ab\t int]e/s2 he gives an indep5d5t1 g5u9e v]dict4 ,y mu/ c\rt him2 he does n c\rt y4 ,b ! man is z x 7 clapp$ into jail by 8 consci\sness4 ,z soon z he has once act$ or spok5 ) clat he is a committ$ p]son1 wat*$ by ! sympa?y or ! hatr$ ( hundr$s1 ^: affections mu/ n[ ent] into 8 acc\nt4 ,!re is no ,le! = ?is4 ,ah1 t he c\ld pass aga9 into 8 neutral1 godlike indep5d5ce6 ,:o c ?us lose all pl$ge &1 hav+ obs]v$1 obs]ve aga9 f ! same unaffect$1 unbias$1 unbribable1 unaffright$ innoc5ce1 mu/ always be =midable1 mu/ always engage ! poet's & ! man's reg>ds4 ,( su* an immortal y\? ! =ce w\ld be felt4 ,he w\ld utt] op9ions on all pass+ affairs1 :i* be+ se5 to be n private b necess>y1 w\ld s9k l d>ts into ! e> ( m5 & put !m 9 fe>4 ,^! are ! voices :i* we he> 9 solitude1 b !y gr[ fa9t & inaudible z we ent] into ! _w4 ,society ev]y:]e is 9 conspiracy aga9/ ! manhood ( e "o ( its memb]s4 ,society is a jo9t-/ock company1 9 :i* ! memb]s agree1 = ! bett] secur+ ( 8 bread to ea* %>ehold]1 to surr5d] ! lib]ty & culture ( ! eat]4 ,! virtue 9 mo/ reque/ is con=mity4 ,self-reliance is its av]sion4 ,x loves n realities & creators1 b names & cu/oms4 ,:oso w\ld be a man1 mu/ be a noncon=mi/4 ,he :o w\ld ga!r immortal palms mu/ n be h9d]$ by ! "n ( goodness1 b mu/ explore if x be goodness4 ,no?+ is at la/ sacr$ b ! integrity ( our own m9d4 ,absolve y to y\rself1 & y %all h ! suffrage ( ! _w4 ,i rememb] an answ] :i* :5 q "y ,i 0 prompt$ to make to a valu$ advis] :o 0 wont to importune me ) ! deaf old doctr9es ( ! *ur*4 ,on my say+1 ,:at h ,i to d ) ! sacr$ness ( traditions1 if ,i live :olly f )98 my fri5d sugge/$1--,b ^! impulses may be f bel[1 n f above4 ,i repli$1 ,!y d n seem to me to be su*2 b if ,i am ! devil's *ild1 ,i w live !n f ! devil4 ,no law c be sacr$ to me b t ( my nature4 ,good & bad are b names v readily transf]able to t or ?is2 ! only "r is :at is aft] my con/itution2 ! only wrong :at is aga9/ x4 ,a man is to c>ry himself 9 ! pres5ce ( all opposition z if e ?+ 7 titul> & ephem]al b he4 ,i am a%am$ to ?9k h[ easily we capitulate to badges & names1 to l>ge societies & dead in/itutions4 ,e dec5t & well-spok5 individual affects & sways me m ?an is "r4 ,i ought to g upright & vital1 & speak ! rude tru? 9 all ways4 ,if malice & vanity we> ! coat ( philan?ropy1 %all t pass8 ,if an angry bigot assumes ?is b\ntiful cause ( ,abolition1 & comes to me ) 8 la/ news f ,b>badoes1 :y %\ld ,i n say to him1 ,g love ?y infant2 love ?y wood-*opp]2 be good-natur$ & mode/2 h t grace2 & nev] v>ni% y\r h>d1 un*>itable ambition ) ?is incr$ible t5d]ness = black folk a ?\s& miles (f4 ,?y love af> is spite at home4 ,r\gh & graceless w\ld be su* greet+1 b tru? is h&som] ?an ! affectation ( love4 ,y\r goodness mu/ h "s edge to x1--else x is none4 ,! doctr9e ( hatr$ mu/ be prea*$1 z ! c\nt]action ( ! doctr9e ( love1 :5 t pules & :9es4 ,i %un fa!r & "m & wife & bro!r :5 my g5ius calls me4 ,i w\ld write on ! l9tels ( ! door-po/1 ,:im4 ,i hope x is some:at bett] ?an :im at la/1 b we _c sp5d ! day 9 explanation4 ,expect me n to %[ cause :y ,i seek or :y ,i exclude company4 ,!n1 aga91 d n tell me1 z a good man did to-day1 ( my obligation to put all poor m5 9 good situations4 ,are !y my poor8 ,i tell !e1 ?\ fooli% philan?ropi/1 t ,i grudge ! doll>1 ! dime1 ! c5t ,i give to su* m5 z d n belong to me & to :om ,i d n belong4 ,!re is a class ( p]sons to :om by all spiritual aff9ity ,i am b\ght & sold2 = !m ,i w g to prison if ne$ be2 b y\r miscellane\s popul> *>ities2 ! education at college ( fools2 ! build+ ( meet+-h\ses to ! va9 end to :i* _m n[ /&2 alms to sots1 & ! ?\s&fold ,relief ,societies2--?\gh ,i confess ) %ame ,i sometimes succumb & give ! doll>1 x is a wick$ doll>1 :i* by-&-by ,i %all h ! manhood to )hold4 ,virtues are1 9 ! popul> e/imate1 r ! exception ?an ! rule4 ,!re is ! man & 8 virtues4 ,m5 d :at is call$ a good action1 z "s piece ( c\rage or *>ity1 mu* z !y w\ld pay a f9e 9 expiation ( daily non-appe>ance on p>ade4 ,_! works are done z an apology or ext5uation ( _! liv+ 9 ! _w1--z invalids & ! insane pay a high bo>d4 ,_! virtues are p5ances4 ,i d n wi% to expiate1 b to live4 ,my life is n an apology1 b a life4 ,x is = itself & n = a spectacle4 ,i mu* pref] t x %\ld be ( a l[] /ra91 s x be g5u9e & equal1 ?an t x %\ld be glitt]+ & un/eady4 ,i wi% x to be s\nd & sweet1 & n to ne$ diet & ble$+4 ,my life %\ld be unique2 x %\ld be an alms1 a battle1 a conque/1 a m$ic9e4 ,i ask prim>y evid5ce t y are a man1 & refuse ?is appeal f ! man to 8 actions4 ,i "k t = myself x makes no diff]5ce :e!r ,i d or =be> ^? actions :i* are reckon$ excell5t4 ,i _c cons5t to pay = a privilege :]e ,i h intr9sic "r4 ,few & mean z my gifts may be1 ,i actually am1 & d n ne$ = my own assurance or ! assurance ( my fell[s any second>y te/imony4 ,:at ,i mu/ d is all t conc]ns me1 n :at ! p ?9k4 ,?is rule1 equally ardu\s 9 actual & 9 intellectual life1 may s]ve = ! :ole di/9ction betwe5 greatness & meanness4 ,x is ! h>d] because y w always f9d ^? :o ?9k !y "k :at is y\r duty bett] ?an y "k x4 ,x is easy 9 ! _w to live aft] ! _w's op9ion2 x is easy 9 solitude to live aft] our own2 b ! great man is he :o 9 ! mid/ ( ! cr[d keeps ) p]fect sweetness ! indep5d5ce ( solitude4 ,! objection to con=m+ to usages t h become dead to y is t x scatt]s y\r =ce4 ,x loses y\r "t & blurs ! impression ( y\r "*4 ,if y ma9ta9 a dead *ur*1 contribute to a dead ,bible ,society1 vote ) a great p>ty ei!r = ! ,gov]nm5t or aga9/ x1 spread y\r table l base h\sekeep]s1--"u all ^! scre5s ,i h difficulty to detect ! precise man y are4 ,& ( c\rse s mu* =ce is )drawn f y\r prop] life4 ,b d y\r ?+1 & ,i %all "k y4 ,d y\r "w1 & y %all re9=ce y\rself4 ,a man mu/ consid] :at a bl9dman's-bluff is ?is game ( con=mity4 ,if ,i "k y\r sect ,i anticipate y\r argum5t4 ,i he> a prea*] ann\nce = 8 text & topic ! exp$i5cy ( "o ( ! in/itutions ( 8 *ur*4 ,d ,i n "k be=eh& t n possibly c he say a new & spontane\s ^w8 ,d ,i n "k t ) all ?is o/5tation ( exam9+ ! gr\nds ( ! in/itution he w d no su* ?+8 ,d ,i n "k t he is pl$g$ to himself n to look b at "o side1 ! p]mitt$ side1 n z a man1 b z a p>i% m9i/]8 ,he is a reta9$ attorney1 & ^! airs ( ! b5* are ! emptie/ affectation4 ,well1 mo/ m5 h b\nd _! eyes ) "o or ano!r h&k]*ief1 & atta*$ !mselves to "s "o ( ^! communities ( op9ion4 ,?is con=mity makes !m n false 9 a few p>ticul>s1 au?ors ( a few lies1 b false 9 all p>ticul>s4 ,_! e tru? is n q true4 ,_! two is n ! real two1 _! f\r n ! real f\r3 s t e ^w !y say *agr9s u & we "k n :]e to beg9 to set !m "r4 ,meantime nature is n sl[ to equip u 9 ! prison-uni=m ( ! p>ty to :i* we adh]e4 ,we come to we> "o cut ( face & figure1 & acquire by degrees ! g5tle/ as99e expression4 ,!re is a mortify+ exp]i5ce 9 p>ticul>1 :i* does n fail to wreak itself also 9 ! g5]al hi/ory2 ,i mean ! fooli% face ( praise1 ! =c$ smile :i* we put on 9 company :]e we d n feel at ease1 9 answ] to conv]sation :i* does n int]e/ u4 ,! muscles1 n spontane\sly mov$ b mov$ by a l[ usurp+ wilfulness1 gr[ tight ab\t ! outl9e ( ! face1 & make ! mo/ disagreeable s5sation2 a s5sation ( rebuke & w>n+ :i* no brave "y man w suff] twice4 ,= non-con=mity ! _w :ips y ) its displeasure4 ,& !re=e a man mu/ "k h[ to e/imate a s\r face4 ,! by/&]s look askance on him 9 ! public /reet or 9 ! fri5d's p>lor4 ,if ?is av]sation _h its orig9 9 contempt & resi/ance l 8 own he might well g home ) a sad c\nt5ance2 b ! s\r faces ( ! multitude1 l _! sweet faces1 h no deep cause1--disguise no god1 b are put on & (f z ! w9d bl[s & a newspap] directs4 ,yet is ! discont5t ( ! multitude m =midable ?an t ( ! s5ate & ! college4 ,x is easy en\gh = a firm man :o kn[s ! _w to brook ! rage ( ! cultivat$ classes4 ,_! rage is decor\s & prud5t1 = !y are timid1 z be+ v vuln]able !mselves4 ,b :5 to _! fem99e rage ! indignation ( ! p is add$1 :5 ! ignorant & ! poor are ar\s$1 :5 ! un9tellig5t brute =ce t lies at ! bottom ( society is made to gr[l & m[1 x ne$s ! habit ( magnanimity & religion to treat x godlike z a trifle ( no conc]nm5t4 ,! o!r t]ror t sc>es u f self-tru/ is our consi/5cy2 a rev]5ce = our pa/ act or ^w because ! eyes ( o!rs h no o!r data = comput+ our orbit ?an our pa/ acts1 & we are loa? to disappo9t !m4 ,b :y %\ld y keep y\r head ov] y\r %\ld]8 ,:y drag ab\t ?is mon/r\s corpse ( y\r memory1 le/ y contradict some:at y h /at$ 9 ?is or t public place8 ,suppose y %\ld contradict y\rself2 :at !n8 ,x seems to be a rule ( wisdom nev] to rely on y\r memory alone1 sc>cely ev5 9 acts ( pure memory1 b to br+ ! pa/ = judgm5t into ! ?\s&-ey$ pres5t1 & live ev] 9 a new day4 ,tru/ y\r emotion4 ,9 y\r metaphysics y h d5i$ p]sonality to ! ,deity1 yet :5 ! dev\t motions ( ! s\l come1 yield to !m he>t & life1 ?\gh !y %\ld clo! ,god ) %ape & color4 ,leave y\r !ory1 z ,joseph 8 coat 9 ! h& ( ! h>lot1 & flee4 ,a fooli% consi/5cy is ! hobgobl9 ( little m9ds1 ador$ by little /atesm5 & philosoph]s & div9es4 ,) consi/5cy a great s\l has simply no?+ to d4 ,he may z well conc]n himself ) 8 %ad[ on ! wall4 ,out ^u y\r gu>d$ lips6 ,sew !m up ) pack?read1 d4 ,else if y w\ld be a man speak :at y ?9k to-day 9 words z h>d z cannon balls1 & to-morr[ speak :at to-morr[ ?9ks 9 h>d words aga91 ?\gh x contradict e ?+ y said to-day4 ,ah1 !n1 exclaim ! ag$ ladies1 y %all be sure to be misund]/ood6 ,misund]/ood6 ,x is a "r fool's ^w4 ,is x s bad !n to be misund]/ood8 ,py?agoras 0 misund]/ood1 & ,socrates1 & ,jesus1 & ,lu!r1 & ,cop]nicus1 & ,galileo1 & ,newton1 & e pure & wise _s t ev] took fle%4 ,to be great is to be misund]/ood4 ,i suppose no man c violate 8 nature4 ,all ! sallies ( 8 w are r\nd$ 9 by ! law ( 8 be+1 z ! inequalities ( ,&es & ,himmaleh are insignificant 9 ! curve ( ! sph]e4 ,nor does x matt] h[ y gauge & try him4 ,a "* is l an acro/ic or ,alex&rian /anza2--read x =w>d1 backw>d1 or across1 x /ill spells ! same ?+4 ,9 ?is pleas+ contrite wood-life :i* ,god all[s me1 let me record day by day my hone/ ?\ght )\t prospect or retrospect1 &1 ,i _c d\bt1 x w be f\nd symmetrical1 ?\gh ,i mean x n & see x n4 ,my book %\ld smell ( p9es & res\nd ) ! hum ( insects4 ,! swall[ ov] my w9d[ %\ld int]weave t ?read or /raw he c>ries 9 8 bill into my web also4 ,we pass = :at we are4 ,"* tea*es above our wills4 ,m5 imag9e t !y communicate _! virtue or vice only by ov]t actions1 & d n see t virtue or vice emit a brea? e mom5t4 ,fe> nev] b y %all be consi/5t 9 :atev] v>iety ( actions1 s !y be ea* hone/ & natural 9 _! h\r4 ,= ( "o w1 ! actions w be h>moni\s1 h[ev] unlike !y seem4 ,^! v>ieties are lo/ sight ( :5 se5 at a little di/ance1 at a little height ( ?\ght4 ,"o t5d5cy unites !m all4 ,! voyage ( ! be/ %ip is a zigzag l9e ( a hundr$ tacks4 ,?is is only microscopic criticism4 ,see ! l9e f a suffici5t di/ance1 & x /raight5s itself to ! av]age t5d5cy4 ,y\r g5u9e action w expla9 itself & w expla9 y\r o!r g5u9e actions4 ,y\r con=mity expla9s no?+4 ,act s+ly1 & :at y h already done s+ly w ju/ify y n[4 ,greatness always appeals to ! future4 ,if ,i c be great en\gh n[ to d "r & scorn eyes1 ,i mu/ h done s mu* "r be=e z to def5d me n[4 ,be x h[ x w1 d "r n[4 ,always scorn appe>ances & y always may4 ,! =ce ( "* is cumulative4 ,all ! =egone days ( virtue "w _! heal? into ?is4 ,:at makes ! maje/y ( ! h]oes ( ! s5ate & ! field1 :i* s fills ! imag9ation8 ,! consci\sness ( a tra9 ( great days & victories beh9d4 ,!re !y all /& & %$ an unit$ light on ! advanc+ actor4 ,he is att5d$ z by a visible escort ( angels to e man's eye4 ,t is x :i* ?r[s ?und] into ,*a?am's voice1 & dignity into ,wa%+ton's port1 & ,am]ica into ,adams's eye4 ,honor is v5]able to u because x is no ephem]is4 ,x is always anci5t virtue4 ,we wor%ip x to-day because x is n ( to-day4 ,we love x & pay x homage because x is n a trap = our love & homage1 b is self-dep5d5t1 self-d]iv$1 & !re=e ( an old immaculate p$igree1 ev5 if %[n 9 a "y p]son4 ,i hope 9 ^! days we h he>d ! la/ ( con=mity & consi/5cy4 ,let ! words be gazett$ & ridicul\s h5ce=w>d4 ,in/ead ( ! gong = d9n]1 let u he> a :i/le f ! ,sp>tan fife4 ,let u b[ & apologize nev] m4 ,a great man is com+ to eat at my h\se4 ,i d n wi% to please him2 ,i wi% t he %\ld wi% to please me4 ,i w /& "h = humanity1 & ?\gh ,i w\ld make x k9d1 ,i w\ld make x true4 ,let u affront & reprim& ! smoo? m$iocrity & squalid cont5tm5t ( ! times1 & hurl 9 ! face ( cu/om & trade & (fice1 ! fact :i* is ! up%ot ( all hi/ory1 t !re is a great responsible ,?9k] & ,actor mov+ :]ev] moves a man2 t a true man belongs to no o!r "t or place1 b is ! c5t] ( ?+s4 ,:]e he is1 !re is nature4 ,he measures y & all m5 & all ev5ts4 ,y are con/ra9$ to accept 8 /&>d4 ,ord9>ily1 e body 9 society rem9ds u ( some:at else1 or ( "s o!r p]son4 ,"*1 reality1 rem9ds y ( no?+ else2 x takes place ( ! :ole creation4 ,! man mu/ be s mu* t he mu/ make all circum/ances indiff]5t--put all means into ! %ade4 ,?is3 all great m5 are & d4 ,e true man is a cause1 a c\ntry1 & an age2 requires inf9ite spaces & numb]s & "t fully to accompli% 8 ?\ght2--& po/]ity seem to foll[ 8 /eps z a procession4 ,a man ,caes> is born1 & = ages aft] we h a ,roman ,empire4 ,*ri/ is born1 & millions ( m9ds s gr[ & cleave to 8 g5ius t he is conf\nd$ ) virtue & ! possible ( man4 ,an in/itution is ! l5g!n$ %ad[ ( "o man2 z1 ! ,re=mation1 ( ,lu!r2 ,quak]ism1 ( ,fox2 ,me?odism1 ( ,wesley2 ,abolition1 ( ,cl>kson4 ,scipio1 ,milton call$ ! height ( ,rome2 & all hi/ory resolves itself v easily into ! biography ( a few /\t & e>ne/ p]sons4 ,let a man !n "k 8 wor?1 & keep ?+s "u 8 feet4 ,let him n peep or /eal1 or skulk up & d[n ) ! air ( a *>ity-boy1 a ba/>d1 or an int]lop] 9 ! _w :i* exi/s = him4 ,b ! man 9 ! /reet1 f9d+ no wor? 9 himself :i* corresponds to ! =ce :i* built a t[] or sculptur$ a m>ble god1 feels poor :5 he looks on ^!4 ,to him a palace1 a /atue1 or a co/ly book has an ali5 & =bidd+ air1 mu* l a gay equipage1 & seems to say l t1 ,:o are y1 sir8 ,yet !y all are 81 suitors = 8 notice1 petition]s to 8 faculties t !y w come out & take possession4 ,! picture waits = my v]dict2 x is n to comm& me1 b ,i am to settle its claim to praise4 ,t popul> fable ( ! sot :o 0 pick$ up dead drunk 9 ! /reet1 c>ri$ to ! duke's h\se1 wa%$ & dress$ & laid 9 ! duke's b$1 &1 on 8 wak+1 treat$ ) all obsequi\s c]emony l ! duke1 & assur$ t he _h be5 insane--owes its popul>ity to ! fact t x symbolizes s well ! /ate ( man1 :o is 9 ! _w a sort ( sot1 b n[ & !n wakes up1 ex]cises 8 reason & f9ds himself a true pr9ce4 ,our read+ is m5dicant & sycophantic4 ,9 hi/ory our imag9ation makes fools ( u1 plays u false4 ,k+dom & lord%ip1 p[] & e/ate1 are a gaudi] vocabul>y ?an private ,john & ,edw>d 9 a small h\se & common day's "w3 b ! ?+s ( life are ! same to bo?3 ! sum total ( bo? is ! same4 ,:y all ?is def]5ce to ,alfr$ & ,sc&]beg & ,gu/avus8 ,suppose !y 7 virtu\s2 did !y we> out virtue8 ,z great a /ake dep5ds on y\r private act to-day z foll[$ _! public & r5[n$ /eps4 ,:5 private m5 %all act ) orig9al views1 ! lu/] w be transf]r$ f ! actions ( k+s to ^? ( g5tlem54 ,! _w has inde$ be5 in/ruct$ by its k+s1 :o h s magnetiz$ ! eyes ( nations4 ,x has be5 taught by ?is colossal symbol ! mutual rev]5ce t is due f man to man4 ,! joyful loyalty ) :i* m5 h ev]y:]e suff]$ ! k+1 ! noble1 or ! great proprietor to walk among !m1 by a law ( 8 own1 make 8 own scale ( m5 & ?+s & rev]se !irs1 pay = b5efits n ) money b ) honor1 & repres5t ! ,law 9 8 p]son1 0 ! hi]oglyphic by :i* !y obscurely signifi$ _! consci\sness ( _! own "r & comel9ess1 ! "r ( e man4 ,! magnetism :i* all orig9al action ex]ts is expla9$ :5 we inquire ! reason ( self-tru/4 ,:o is ! ,tru/ee8 ,:at is ! aborig9al ,self1 on :i* a univ]sal reliance may be gr\nd$8 ,:at is ! nature & p[] ( t sci5ce-baffl+ />1 )\t p>allax1 )\t calculable elem5ts1 :i* %oots a ray ( beauty ev5 into trivial & impure actions1 if ! lea/ m>k ( indep5d5ce appe>8 ,! inquiry leads u to t s\rce1 at once ! ess5ce ( g5ius1 ! ess5ce ( virtue1 & ! ess5ce ( life1 :i* we call ,spontaneity or ,in/9ct4 ,we d5ote ?is prim>y wisdom z ,intuition1 :il/ all lat] tea*+s are tuitions4 ,9 t deep =ce1 ! la/ fact beh9d :i* analysis _c g1 all ?+s f9d _! common orig94 ,= ! s5se ( be+ :i* 9 calm h\rs rises1 we "k n h[1 9 ! s\l1 is n div]se f ?+s1 f space1 f light1 f "t1 f man1 b "o ) !m & proce$e? obvi\sly f ! same s\rce :5ce _! life & be+ also proce$e?4 ,we fir/ %>e ! life by :i* ?+s exi/ & aft]w>d see !m z appe>ances 9 nature & =get t we h %>$ _! cause4 ,"h is ! f\nta9 ( action & ! f\nta9 ( ?\ght4 ,"h are ! lungs ( t inspiration :i* give? man wisdom1 ( t inspiration ( man :i* _c be d5i$ )\t impiety & a!ism4 ,we lie 9 ! lap ( imm5se intellig5ce1 :i* makes u organs ( its activity & receiv]s ( its tru?4 ,:5 we disc]n ju/ice1 :5 we disc]n tru?1 we d no?+ ( ourselves1 b all[ a passage to its beams4 ,if we ask :5ce ?is comes1 if we seek to pry into ! s\l t causes--all metaphysics1 all philosophy is at fault4 ,its pres5ce or its abs5ce is all we c affirm4 ,e man disc]ns betwe5 ! volunt>y acts ( 8 m9d & 8 involunt>y p]ceptions4 ,& to 8 involunt>y p]ceptions3 he kn[s a p]fect respect is due4 ,he may err 9 ! expression ( !m1 b he kn[s t ^! ?+s are s1 l day & night1 n to be disput$4 ,all my wilful actions & acquisitions are b rov+2--! mo/ trivial rev]ie1 ! fa9te/ native emotion1 are dome/ic & div9e4 ,?\ghtless p contradict z readily ! /atem5t ( p]ceptions z ( op9ions1 or r mu* m readily2 = !y d n di/+ui% betwe5 p]ception & notion4 ,!y fancy t ,i *oose to see ?is or t ?+4 ,b p]ception is n :imsical1 b fatal4 ,if ,i see a trait1 my *ildr5 w see x aft] me1 & 9 c\rse ( "t all mank9d1--al?\gh x may *ance t no "o has se5 x be=e me4 ,= my p]ception ( x is z mu* a fact z ! sun4 ,! relations ( ! s\l to ! div9e _s are s pure t x is pr(ane to seek to int]pose helps4 ,x mu/ be t :5 ,god speake? he %\ld communicate1 n "o ?+1 b all ?+s2 %\ld fill ! _w ) 8 voice2 %\ld scatt] =? light1 nature1 "t1 s\ls1 f ! c5t] ( ! pres5t ?\ght2 & new date & new create ! :ole4 ,:5ev] a m9d is simple & receives a div9e wisdom1 !n old ?+s pass away1--means1 tea*]s1 texts1 temples fall2 x lives n[1 & absorbs pa/ & future into ! pres5t h\r4 ,all ?+s are made sacr$ by relation to x1--"o ?+ z mu* z ano!r4 ,all ?+s are dissolv$ to _! c5t] by _! cause1 & 9 ! univ]sal miracle petty & p>ticul> miracles disappe>4 ,?is is & mu/ be4 ,if !re=e a man claims to "k & speak ( ,god & c>ries y backw>d to ! phraseology ( "s old mold]$ nation 9 ano!r c\ntry1 9 ano!r _w1 believe him n4 ,is ! acorn bett] ?an ! oak :i* is its fulness & completion8 ,is ! p>5t bett] ?an ! *ild into :om he has ca/ 8 rip5$ be+8 ,:5ce !n ?is wor%ip ( ! pa/8 ,! c5turies are conspirators aga9/ ! sanity & maje/y ( ! s\l4 ,"t & space are b physiological colors :i* ! eye make?1 b ! s\l is light2 :]e x is1 is day2 :]e x 01 is night2 & hi/ory is an imp]t95ce & an injury if x be any ?+ m ?an a *e]ful apologue or p>able ( my be+ & becom+4 ,man is timid & apologetic2 he is no long] upright2 he d>es n say ,i ?9k1 ,i am1 b quotes "s sa9t or sage4 ,he is a%am$ be=e ! blade ( grass or ! bl[+ rose4 ,^! roses "u my w9d[ make no ref]5ce to =m] roses or to bett] ones2 !y are = :at !y are2 !y exi/ ) ,god to-day4 ,!re is no "t to !m4 ,!re is simply ! rose2 x is p]fect 9 e mom5t ( its exi/5ce4 ,be=e a leaf-bud has bur/1 its :ole life acts2 9 ! full-bl[n fl[] !re is no m2 9 ! leafless root !re is no less4 ,its nature is satisfi$ & x satisfies nature 9 all mom5ts alike4 ,!re is no "t to x4 ,b man po/pones or rememb]s2 he does n live 9 ! pres5t1 b ) rev]t$ eye lam5ts ! pa/1 or1 he$less ( ! ri*es t surr\nd him1 /&s on tiptoe to =esee ! future4 ,he _c be happy & /rong until he too lives ) nature 9 ! pres5t1 above "t4 ,?is %\ld be pla9 en\gh4 ,yet see :at /rong intellects d>e n yet he> ,god himself unless he speak ! phraseology ( ,i "k n :at ,david1 or ,j]emiah1 or ,paul4 ,we %all n always set s great a price on a few texts1 on a few lives4 ,we are l *ildr5 :o repeat by rote ! s5t5ces ( gr&ames & tutors1 &1 z !y gr[ old]1 ( ! m5 ( tal5ts & "* !y *ance to see1--pa9fully recollect+ ! exact words !y spoke2 aft]w>d1 :5 !y come into ! po9t ( view :i* ^? _h :o utt]$ ^! say+s1 !y und]/& !m & are will+ to let ! words g2 = at any "t !y c use words z good :5 occasion comes4 ,s 0 x ) u1 s w x be1 if we proce$4 ,if we live truly1 we %all see truly4 ,x is z easy = ! /rong man to be /rong1 z x is = ! weak to be weak4 ,:5 we h new p]ception1 we %all gladly disburd5 ! memory ( its ho>d$ treasures z old rubbi%4 ,:5 a man lives ) ,god1 8 voice %all be z sweet z ! murmur ( ! brook & ! ru/le ( ! corn4 ,& n[ at la/ ! highe/ tru? on ?is subject rema9s unsaid2 probably _c be said2 = all t we say is ! f> (f rememb]+ ( ! intuition3 ,t ?\ght1 by :at ,i c n[ ne>e/ approa* to say x1 is ?is3 ,:5 good is ne> y1 :5 y h life 9 y\rself1--x is n by any kn[n or appo9t$ way2 y %all n disc]n ! foot-pr9ts ( any o!r2 y %all n see ! face ( man2 y %all n he> any "n2--! way1 ! ?\ght1 ! good1 %all be :olly /range & new4 ,x %all exclude all o!r be+4 ,y take ! way f man1 n to man4 ,all p]sons t ev] exi/$ are its fugitive m9i/]s4 ,!re %all be no fe> 9 x4 ,fe> & hope are alike b5ea? x4 ,x asks no?+4 ,!re is some:at l[ ev5 9 hope4 ,we are !n 9 vision4 ,!re is no?+ t c be call$ gratitude1 nor prop]ly joy4 ,! s\l is rais$ ov] passion4 ,x see? id5tity & et]nal causation4 ,x is a p]ceiv+ t ,tru? & ,"r are4 ,h5ce x becomes a ,tranquillity out ( ! kn[+ t all ?+s g well4 ,va/ spaces ( nature2 ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 ! ,s\? ,sea2 va/ int]vals ( "t1 ye>s1 c5turies1 are ( no acc\nt4 ,?is :i* ,i ?9k & feel und]lay t =m] /ate ( life & circum/ances1 z x does und]lie my pres5t & w always all circum/ances1 & :at is call$ life & :at is call$ dea?4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,f ,essays1 ,fir/ ,s]ies1 #ahda2 ! second half ( ! essay has "h be5 omitt$4 ,,e>ly ,,education ,,at ,,h]ne ,,hill#b ,,john ,,rusk9 ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t f\r ye>s old my fa!r f\nd himself able to buy ! lease ( a h\se on ,h]ne ,hill1 a ru/ic em95ce f\r miles s\? ( ! ,/&>d 9 ,cornhill2 ( :i* ! leafy seclusion rema9s1 9 all ess5tial po9ts ( "*1 un*ang$ to ?is day3 c]ta9 ,go?ic spl5d\rs1 lately indulg$ 9 by our weal?i] neighb\rs1 be+ ! only s]i\s innovations2 & ^! are s graci\sly conceal$ by ! f9e trees ( _! gr\nds1 t ! pass+ viator rema9s unappall$ by !m2 & ,i c /ill walk up & d[n ! piece ( road betwe5 ! ,fox tav]n & ! ,h]ne ,hill /ation1 imag9+ myself f\r ye>s old4 ,our h\se 0 ! nor!rnmo/ ( a gr\p :i* /& accurately on ! top or dome ( ! hill1 :]e ! gr\nd is = a small space level1 z ! sn[s are1 7,i und]/&71 on ! dome ( ,mont ,blanc2 pres5tly fall+1 h[ev]1 9 :at may be1 9 ! ,london clay =mation1 consid]$ a precipit\s slope1 to our valley ( ,*am\ni 7or ( ,dulwi*7 on ! ea/2 & ) a s(t] desc5t into ,cold ,h>bor lane on ! we/3 on ! s\?1 no less beautifully decl9+ to ! dale ( ! ,effra1 7d\btless %ort5$ f ,effr5a1 signify+ ! ,unbridl$ riv]2 rec5tly1 ,i regret to say1 brick$ ov] = ! conv5i5ce ( ,mr4 ,biff91 *emi/1 & o!rs72 :ile on ! nor?1 prolong$ inde$ ) slight depression "s half mile or s1 & receiv+1 9 ! p>i% ( ,lambe?1 ! *ivalric title ( ,*ampion ,hill1 x plunges d[n at la/ to efface itself 9 ! pla9s ( ,peckham1 & ! rural b>b>ism ( ,goose ,gre54 ,! gr\p1 ( :i* our h\se 0 ! qu>t]1 consi/$ ( two precisely simil> p>tn]-c\ples ( h\ses1 g>d5s & all to mat*2 /ill ! two highe/ blocks ( build+s se5 f ,norwood on ! cre/ ( ! ridge2 s t ! h\se itself1 ?ree-/ori$1 ) g>rets above1 comm&$1 9 ^? comp>atively smokeless days1 a v notable view f its g>ret w9d[s1 ( ! ,norwood hills on "o side1 & ! w9t] sunrise ov] !m2 & ( ! valley ( ! ,?ames on ! o!r1 ) ,w9dsor telescopically cle> 9 ! di/ance1 & ,h>r[1 conspicu\s always 9 f9e wea!r to op5 vision aga9/ ! summ] sunset4 ,x _h front & back g>d5 9 suffici5t proportion to its size2 ! front1 ri*ly set ) old ev]gre5s1 & well-gr[n lilac & laburnum2 ! back1 sev5ty y>ds long by tw5ty wide1 r5[n$ ov] all ! hill = its pe>s & apples1 :i* _h be5 *os5 ) extreme c>e by our pr$ecessor1 7%ame on me to =get ! "n ( a man to :om ,i owe s mu*67--& possess+ also a /rong old mulb]ry tree1 a tall :ite-he>t *]ry tree1 a black ,k5ti% "o1 & an almo/ unbrok5 h$ge1 all r\nd1 ( alt]nate gooseb]ry & currant bu%2 deck$1 9 due season1 7= ! gr\nd 0 :olly b5efic5t71 ) magical spl5d\r ( abundant fruit3 fre% gre51 s(t amb]1 & r\gh-bri/l$ crimson b5d+ ! sp9\s bran*es2 clu/]$ pe>l & p5d5t ruby joyfully discov]able "u ! l>ge leaves t look$ l v9e4 ,! diff]5ces ( primal importance :i* ,i obs]v$ betwe5 ! nature ( ?is g>d51 & t ( ,ed51 z ,i _h imag9$ x1 71 t1 9 ?is "o1 all ! fruit 0 =bidd52 & !re 7 no companionable bea/s3 9 o!r respects ! little doma9 answ]$ e purpose ( p>adise to me2 & ! climate1 9 t cycle ( our ye>s1 all[$ me to pass mo/ ( my life 9 x4 ,my "m nev] gave me m to le>n ?an %e knew ,i c\ld easily get le>nt1 if ,i set myself hone/ly to "w1 by twelve o'clock4 ,%e nev] all[$ any?+ to di/urb me :5 my task 0 set2 if x 0 n said rightly by twelve o'clock1 ,i 0 kept 9 till ,i knew x1 & 9 g5]al1 ev5 :5 ,lat9 ,gramm> came to supplem5t ! ,psalms1 ,i 0 my own ma/] = at lea/ an h\r be=e half-pa/ "o d9n]1 & = ! re/ ( ! aft]noon4 ,my "m1 h]self f9d+ h] *ief p]sonal pleasure 9 h] fl[]s1 0 (t5 plant+1 or prun+ beside me1 at lea/ if ,i *ose to /ay beside h]4 ,i nev] ?\ght ( do+ any?+ beh9d h] back :i* ,i w\ld n h done be=e h] face2 & h] pres5ce 0 !re=e no re/ra9t to me2 b1 also1 no p>ticul> pleasure1 =1 f hav+ always be5 left s mu* alone1 ,i _h g5]ally my own little affairs to see aft]2 &1 on ! :ole1 by ! "t ,i 0 sev5 ye>s old1 0 already gett+ too indep5d5t1 m5tally1 ev5 ( my fa!r & "m2 &1 hav+ nobody else to be dep5d5t ^u1 began to lead a v small1 p]ky1 cont5t$1 conceit$1 ,cock-,rob9son-,crusoe sort ( life1 9 ! c5tral po9t :i* x appe>$ to me1 7z x mu/ naturally appe> to geometrical animals71 t ,i occupi$ 9 ! univ]se4 ,?is 0 p>tly ! fault ( my fa!r's mode/y2 & p>tly ( 8 pride4 ,he _h s mu* m confid5ce 9 my "m's judgm5t z to su* matt]s ?an 9 8 own1 t he nev] v5tur$ ev5 to help1 mu* less to cross h]1 9 ! conduct ( my education2 on ! o!r h&1 9 ! fix$ purpose ( mak+ an ecclesia/ical g5tleman ( me1 ) ! sup]f9e/ ( mann]s1 & access to ! highe/ circles ( fle%ly & spiritual society1 ! visits to ,croydon1 :]e ,i entirely lov$ my aunt1 & "y bak]-c\s9s1 became r>] & m r>e3 ! society ( our neighb\rs on ! hill c\ld n be _h )\t break+ up our regul> & sweetly selfi% mann] ( liv+2 & on ! :ole1 ,i _h no?+ animate to c>e =1 9 a *ildi% way1 b myself1 "s ne/s ( ants1 :i* ! g>d5] w\ld nev] leave undi/urb$ = me1 & a sociable bird or two2 ?\gh ,i nev] _h ! s5se or p]sev]ance to make "o really tame4 ,b t 0 p>tly because1 if ev] ,i manag$ to br+ "o to be ! lea/ tru/ful ( me1 ! cats got x4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 :at p[]s ( imag9ation ,i possess$1 ei!r fa/5$ !mselves on inanimate ?+s1--! sky1 ! leaves1 & pebbles1 obs]vable )9 ! walls ( ,ed51--or caught at any opportunity ( flight into regions ( romance1 compatible ) ! objective realities ( exi/5ce 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 )9 a mile & a qu>t] ( ,camb]well ,gre54 ,h]e9 my fa!r1 happily1 ?\gh ) no def9ite int5tion o!r ?an ( pleas+ me1 :5 he f\nd he c\ld d s )\t infr++ any ( my "m's rules1 became my guide4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly fond ( wat*+ him %ave2 & 0 always all[$ to come into 8 room 9 ! morn+ 7"u ! "o 9 :i* ,i am n[ writ+71 to be ! motionless witness ( t op]ation4 ,ov] 8 dress+-table hung "o ( 8 own wat]-col\r draw+s1 made "u ! tea*+ ( ! eld] ,nasmy?2 ,i believe1 at ! ,high ,s*ool ( ,ed9burgh4 ,x 0 done 9 ! e>ly mann] ( t9t+1 :i*1 j ab\t ! "t :5 my fa!r 0 at ! ,high ,s*ool1 ,dr4 ,munro 0 tea*+ ,turn]2 namely1 9 gray "u-t9ts ( ,prussian blue & ,briti% ink1 wa%$ ) w>m col\r aft]w>ds on ! lights4 ,x repres5t$ ,conway ,ca/le1 ) its ,fri?1 &1 9 ! =egr\nd1 a cottage1 a fi%]man1 & a boat at ! wat]'s edge4 ,:5 my fa!r _h f9i%$ %av+1 he always told me a /ory ab\t ?is picture4 ,! cu/om began )\t any initial purpose ( 81 9 consequ5ce ( my tr\blesome curiosity :e!r ! fi%]man liv$ 9 ! cottage1 & :]e he 0 go+ to 9 ! boat4 ,x be+ settl$1 = peace' sake1 t he did live 9 ! cottage1 & 0 go+ 9 ! boat to fi% ne> ! ca/le1 ! plot ( ! drama aft]w>ds gradually ?ick5$2 & became1 ,i believe1 involv$ ) t ( ! trag$y ( ,d\glas1 & ( ! ,ca/le ,spect]1 9 bo? ( :i* pieces my fa!r _h p]=m$ 9 private !atricals1 be=e my "m1 & a select ,ed9burgh audi5ce1 :5 he 0 a boy ( sixte51 & %e1 at grave tw5ty1 a model h\sekeep]1 & v scornful & religi\sly suspici\s ( !atricals4 ,b %e 0 nev] we>y ( tell+ me1 9 lat] ye>s1 h[ beautiful my fa!r look$ 9 8 ,highl& dress1 ) ! high black fea!rs4 ,9 ! aft]noons1 :5 my fa!r return$ 7always punctually7 f 8 bus9ess1 he d9$1 at half-pa/ f\r1 9 ! front p>l\r1 my "m sitt+ beside him to he> ! ev5ts ( ! day1 & give c\nsel & enc\ragem5t ) respect to ! same2--*iefly ! la/1 = my fa!r 0 apt to be vex$ if ord]s = %]ry fell ! lea/ %ort ( _! due /&>d1 ev5 = a day or two4 ,i 0 nev] pres5t at ?is "t1 h[ev]1 & only av\* :at ,i relate by he>say & probable conjecture2 = betwe5 f\r & six x w\ld h be5 a grave misdemean\r 9 me if ,i s mu* z approa*$ ! p>l\r door4 ,aft] t1 9 summ] "t1 we 7 all 9 ! g>d5 z long z ! day la/$2 tea "u ! :ite-he>t *]ry tree2 or 9 w9t] & r\gh wea!r1 at six o'clock 9 ! draw+-room1--,i hav+ my cup ( milk1 & slice ( bread-&-butt]1 9 a little recess1 ) a table 9 front ( x1 :olly sacr$ to me2 & 9 :i* ,i rema9$ 9 ! ev5+s z an ,idol 9 a ni*e1 :ile my "m knitt$1 & my fa!r read to h]1--& to me1 s f> z ,i *ose to li/54 ,! s]ies ( ! ,wav]ley novels1 !n draw+ t[>ds its close1 0 /ill ! *ief s\rce ( delight 9 all h\seholds c>+ = lit]ature2 & ,i c no m recollect ! "t :5 ,i did n "k !m ?an :5 ,i did n "k ! ,bible2 b ,i h /ill a vivid remembrance ( my fa!r's int5se expression ( sorr[ mix$ ) scorn1 z he ?rew d[n ,c\nt ,rob]t ( ,p>is1 aft] read+ ?ree or f\r pages2 & knew t ! life ( ,scott 0 end$3 ! scorn be+ a v complex & bitt] feel+ 9 him1--p>tly1 inde$1 ( ! book itself1 b *iefly ( ! wret*es :o 7 torm5t+ & sell+ ! wreck$ intellect1 & n a little1 deep d[n1 ( ! subtle di%one/y :i* _h ess5tially caus$ ! ru94 ,my fa!r nev] c\ld =give ,scott 8 concealm5t ( ! ,ballantyne p>tn]%ip4 ,su* be+ ! salut>y pleasures ( ,h]ne ,hill1 ,i h next ) deep] gratitude to *ronicle :at ,i owe to my "m = ! resolutely consi/5t lessons :i* s ex]cis$ me 9 ! ,scriptures z to make e ^w ( !m famili> to my e> 9 habitual music1--yet 9 t famili>ity rev]5c$1 z transc5d+ all ?\ght1 & orda9+ all conduct4 ,?is %e effect$1 n by h] own say+s or p]sonal au?ority2 b simply by compell+ me to read ! book ?or\ghly1 = myself4 ,z soon z ,i 0 able to read ) flu5cy1 %e began a c\rse ( ,bible "w ) me1 :i* nev] ceas$ till ,i w5t to ,ox=d4 ,%e read alt]nate v]ses ) me1 wat*+1 at fir/1 e intonation ( my voice1 & correct+ ! false ones1 till %e made me und]/& ! v]se1 if )9 my rea*1 rightly1 & en]getically4 ,x might be beyond me altoge!r2 t %e did n c>e ab\t2 b %e made sure t z soon z ,i got hold ( x at all1 ,i %\ld get hold ( x by ! "r end4 ,9 ?is way %e began ) ! fir/ v]se ( ,g5esis1 & w5t /raight ?r\gh1 to ! la/ v]se ( ! ,apocalypse2 h>d names1 numb]s1 ,levitical law1 & all2 & began aga9 at ,g5esis ! next day4 ,if a "n 0 h>d1 ! bett] ! ex]cise 9 pronunciation1--if ! *apt] 0 tiresome1 ! bett] lesson 9 pati5ce1--if loa?some1 ! bett] lesson 9 fai? t !re 0 "s use 9 its be+ s outspok54 ,aft] our *apt]s1 7f two to ?ree a day1 accord+ to _! l5g?1 ! fir/ ?+ aft] breakfa/1 & no int]ruption f s]vants all[$1--none f visitors1 :o ei!r jo9$ 9 ! read+ or _h to /ay up/airs1--& none f any visit+s or excursions1 except real travell+71 ,i _h to le>n a few v]ses by he>t1 or repeat1 to make sure ,i _h n lo/1 some?+ ( :at 0 already kn[n2 &1 ) ! *apt]s ?us gradually possess$ f ! fir/ ^w to ! la/1 ,i _h to le>n ! :ole body ( ! f9e old ,scotti% p>aphrases1 :i* are good1 melodi\s1 & =ceful v]se2 & to :i*1 toge!r ) ! ,bible itself1 ,i owe ! fir/ cultivation ( my e> 9 s\nd4 ,x is /range t ( all ! pieces ( ! ,bible :i* my "m ?us taught me1 t :i* co/ me mo/ to le>n1 & :i* 01 to my *ild's m9d1 *iefly repulsive--! #aai? ,psalm--has n[ become ( all ! mo/ preci\s to me1 9 its ov]fl[+ & glori\s passion ( love = ! ,law ( ,god1 9 opposition to ! abuse ( x by mod]n prea*]s ( :at !y imag9e to be ,8 gospel4 ,b x is only by delib]ate ef=t t ,i recall ! long morn+ h\rs ( toil1 z regul> z sunrise1--toil on bo? sides equal1--by :i*1 ye> aft] ye>1 my "m =c$ me to le>n ^! p>aphrases1 & *apt]s1 7! eigh? ( #a/ ,k+s be+ "o--try x1 good read]1 9 a leisure h\r67 all[+ n s mu* z a syllable to be miss$ or misplac$2 :ile e s5t5ce 0 requir$ to be said ov] & ov] aga9 till %e 0 satisfi$ ) ! acc5t ( x4 ,i recollect a /ruggle betwe5 u ( ab\t ?ree weeks1 conc]n+ ! acc5t ( ! ( 9 ! l9es ,%all any foll[+ spr+ revive ,! a%es ( ! urn8-- ,i insi/+1 p>tly 9 *ildi% ob/9acy1 & p>tly 9 true in/9ct = rhy?m1 7be+ :olly c>eless on ! subject bo? ( urns & _! cont5ts71 on recit+ x ) an acc5t$ (4 ,x 0 n1 ,i say1 till aft] ?ree weeks' labor1 t my "m got ! acc5t light5$ on ! ( & laid on ! a%es1 to h] m9d4 ,b _h x tak5 ?ree ye>s %e w\ld h done x1 hav+ once und]tak5 to d x4 ,&1 assur$ly1 _h %e n done x1--well1 !re's no kn[+ :at w\ld h happ5$2 b ,i'm v ?ankful %e did4 ,i h j op5$ my olde/ 79 use7 ,bible1--a small1 closely1 & v neatly pr9t$ volume x is1 pr9t$ 9 ,ed9burgh by ,sir ,d4 ,hunt] ,blair & ,j4 ,bruce1 ,pr9t]s1 to ! ,k+'s ,mo/ ,excell5t ,maje/y1 9 #ahaf4 ,yell[1 n[1 ) age1 & flexible1 b n unclean1 ) mu* use1 except t ! l[] corn]s ( ! pages at #h? ( #a/ ,k+s1 & #cb;d ,deut]onomy1 are worn some:at ?9 & d>k1 ! le>n+ ( ^! two *apt]s hav+ co/ me mu* pa9s4 ,my "m's li/ ( ! *apt]s ) :i*1 ?us le>n$1 %e e/abli%$ my s\l 9 life1 has j fall5 out ( x4 ,i w take :at indulg5ce ! incuri\s read] c give me1 = pr9t+ ! li/ ?us accid5tally occurr5t3 ,exodus1 *apt]s #ae? & #bj?4 #b ,samuel1 #a/1 f #ag? v]se to end4 #a ,k+s1 #h?4 ,psalms1 #bc;d1 #cb;d1 #ij?1 #ia/1 #ajc;d1 #aab?1 #aai?1 #aci?4 ,prov]bs1 #b;d1 #c;d1 #h?1 #ab?4 ,isaiah1 #eh?4 ,mat!w1 #e?1 #f?1 #g?4 ,acts1 #bf?4 #a ,cor9?ians1 #ac?1 #ae?4 ,james1 #d?4 ,revelation1 #e?1 #f?4 ,&1 truly1 ?\gh ,i h pick$ up ! elem5ts ( a little fur!r k--9 ma!matics1 meteorology1 & ! l1 9 aft] life1--& owe n a little to ! tea*+ ( _m p1 ?is mat]nal in/allation ( my m9d 9 t prop]ty ( *apt]s1 ,i c\nt v confid5tly ! mo/ preci\s1 &1 on ! :ole1 ! "o ess5tial "p ( all my education4 ,& x is p]haps already "t to m>k :at advantage & mis*ief1 by ! *ances ( life up to sev5 ye>s old1 _h be5 irrevocably det]m9$ = me4 ,i w fir/ c\nt my bless+s 7z a n unwise fri5d once recomm5d$ me to d1 cont9ually2 :]eas ,i h a bad trick ( always numb]+ ! ?orns 9 my f+]s & n ! bones 9 !m74 ,& = be/ & true/ beg9n+ ( all bless+s1 ,i _h be5 taught ! p]fect mean+ ( ,peace1 9 ?\ght1 act1 & ^w4 ,i nev] _h he>d my fa!r's or "m's voice once rais$ 9 any "q ) ea* o!r2 nor se5 an angry1 or ev5 slightly hurt or (f5d$1 glance 9 ! eyes ( ei!r4 ,i _h nev] he>d a s]vant scold$2 nor ev5 sudd5ly1 passionately1 or 9 any sev]e mann]1 blam$4 ,i _h nev] se5 a mom5t's tr\ble or disord] 9 any h\sehold matt]2 nor any?+ :atev] ei!r done 9 a hurry1 or undone 9 due "t4 ,i _h no conception ( su* a feel+ z anxiety2 my fa!r's occasional vexation 9 ! aft]noons1 :5 he _h only got an ord] = twelve butts aft] expect+ "o = fifte51 z ,i h j /at$1 0 nev] manife/$ to me2 & itself relat$ only to ! "q :e!r 8 "n w\ld be a /ep high] or l[] 9 ! ye>'s li/ ( %]ry export]s2 = he nev] sp5t m ?an half 8 income1 & !re=e f\nd himself little incommod$ by occasional v>iations 9 ! total ( x4 ,i _h nev] done any wrong t ,i knew (--beyond occasionally delay+ ! commitm5t to he>t ( "s improv+ s5t5ce1 t ,i might wat* a wasp on ! w9d[ pane1 or a bird 9 ! *]ry tree2 & ,i _h nev] se5 any grief4 ,next to ?is q priceless gift ( ,peace1 ,i _h receiv$ ! p]fect und]/&+ ( ! natures ( ,ob$i5ce & ,fai?4 ,i obey$ ^w1 or lift$ f+]1 ( fa!r or "m1 simply z a %ip h] helm2 n only )\t idea ( resi/ance1 b receiv+ ! direction z a "p ( my own life & =ce1 a helpful law1 z necess>y to me 9 e moral action z ! law ( gravity 9 leap+4 ,& my practice 9 ,fai? 0 soon complete3 no?+ ev] ?reat5$ me t 0 n inflict$1 & no?+ ev] told me t 0 n true4 ,peace1 ob$i5ce1 fai?2 ^! ?ree = *ief good2 next to ^!1 ! habit ( fix$ att5tion ) bo? eyes & m9d--on :i* ,i w n fur!r enl>ge at ?is mom5t1 ?is be+ ! ma9 practical faculty ( my life1 caus+ ,mazz9i to say ( me1 9 conv]sation au!ntically report$1 a ye> or two be=e 8 dea?1 t ,i _h ! mo/ analytic m9d 9 ,europe4 ,an op9ion 9 :i*1 s f> z ,i am acqua9t$ ) ,europe1 ,i am myself entirely dispos$ to concur4 ,la/ly1 an extreme p]fection 9 palate & all o!r bodily s5ses1 giv5 by ! utt] prohibition ( cake1 w9e1 comfits1 or1 except 9 c>efule/ re/riction1 fruit2 & by f9e prep>ation ( :at food 0 giv5 me4 ,su* ,i e/eem ! ma9 bless+s ( my *ildhood2--next1 let me c\nt ! equally dom9ant calamities4 ,fir/1 t ,i _h no?+ to love4 ,my p>5ts 7--9 a sort--visible p[]s ( nature to me1 no m lov$ ?an ! sun & ! moon3 only ,i %\ld h be5 annoy$ & puzzl$ if ei!r ( !m _h gone out2 7h[ mu*1 n[1 :5 bo? are d>k5$67--/ill less did ,i love ,god2 n t ,i _h any qu>rel ) ,him1 or fe> ( ,him2 b simply f\nd :at p told me 0 ,8 s]vice1 disagreeable2 & :at p told me 0 ,8 book1 n ent]ta9+4 ,i _h no companions to qu>rel )1 nei!r2 nobody to assi/1 & nobody to ?ank4 ,n a s]vant 0 ev] all[$ to d any?+ = me1 b :at x 0 _! duty to d2 & :y %\ld ,i h be5 grateful to ! cook = cook+1 or ! g>d5] = g>d5+1--:5 ! "o d>$ n give me a bak$ potato )\t ask+ leave1 & ! o!r w\ld n let my ants' ne/s alone1 because !y made ! walks untidy8 ,! evil consequ5ce ( all ?is 0 n1 h[ev]1 :at might p]haps h be5 expect$1 t ,i grew up selfi% or unaffectionate2 b t1 :5 affection did come1 x came ) viol5ce utt]ly rampant & unmanageable1 at lea/ by me1 :o nev] be=e _h any?+ to manage4 ,= 7second ( *ief calamities7 ,i _h no?+ to endure4 ,dang] or pa9 ( any k9d ,i knew n3 my /r5g? 0 nev] ex]cis$1 my pati5ce nev] tri$1 & my c\rage nev] =tifi$4 ,n t ,i 0 ev] afraid ( any?+1--ei!r gho/s1 ?und]1 or bea/s2 & "o ( ! ne>e/ approa*es to insubord9ation :i* ,i 0 ev] tempt$ into z a *ild1 0 9 passionate ef=t to get leave to play ) ! lion's cubs 9 ,wombwell's m5ag]ie4 ,?irdly1 ,i 0 taught no precision nor etiquette ( mann]s2 x 0 en\gh if1 9 ! little society we saw1 ,i rema9$ unobtrusive1 & repli$ to a "q )\t %yness3 b ! %yness came lat]1 & increas$ z ,i grew consci\s ( ! rud5ess aris+ f ! want ( social discipl9e1 & f\nd x impossible to acquire1 9 advanc$ life1 dext]ity 9 any bodily ex]cise1 skill 9 any pleas+ accompli%m5t1 or ease & tact 9 ord9>y behavi\r4 ,la/ly1 & *ief ( evils4 ,my judgm5t ( "r & wrong1 & p[]s ( indep5d5t action1 7 left entirely undevelop$2 because ! bridle & bl9k]s 7 nev] tak5 (f me4 ,*ildr5 %\ld h _! times ( be+ (f duty1 l soldi]s2 & :5 once ! ob$i5ce1 if requir$1 is c]ta91 ! little creature %\ld be v e>ly put = p]iods ( practice 9 complete comm& ( itself2 set on ! b>eback$ horse ( its own w1 & left to break x by its own /r5g?4 ,b ! ceaseless au?ority ex]cis$ ov] my y\? left me1 :5 ca/ out at la/ into ! _w1 unable = "s "t to d m ?an drift ) its vortices4 ,my pres5t v]dict1 !re=e1 on ! g5]al t5or ( my education at t "t1 mu/ be1 t x 0 at once too =mal & too luxuri\s2 leav+ my "*1 at ! mo/ important mom5t = its con/ruction1 cramp$ inde$1 b n discipl9$2 & only by protection innoc5t1 in/ead ( by practice virtu\s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #b3 ,f ,praet]ita1 #ahhe1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,a ,,crisis ,,9 ,,my ,,m5tal ,,hi/ory#c ,,john ,,/u>t ,,mill ,f ! w9t] ( #ahba1 :5 ,i fir/ read ,b5?am1 & especially f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review1 ,i _h :at might truly be call$ an object 9 life2 to be a re=m] ( ! _w4 ,my conception ( my own happ9ess 0 entirely id5tifi$ ) ?is object4 ,! p]sonal sympa?ies ,i wi%$ = 7 ^? ( fell[ lab\r]s 9 ?is ent]prise4 ,i endeav\r$ to pick up z _m fl[]s z ,i c\ld by ! way2 b z a s]i\s & p]man5t p]sonal satisfaction to re/ ^u1 my :ole reliance 0 plac$ on ?is2 & ,i 0 accu/om$ to felicitate myself on ! c]ta9ty ( a happy life :i* ,i enjoy$1 ?r\gh plac+ my happ9ess 9 some?+ durable & di/ant1 9 :i* "s progress might be always mak+1 :ile x c\ld nev] be exhau/$ by complete atta9m5t4 ,?is did v well = sev]al ye>s1 dur+ :i* ! g5]al improvem5t go+ on 9 ! _w & ! idea ( myself z engag$ ) o!rs 9 /ruggl+ to promote x1 seem$ en\gh to fill up an int]e/+ & animat$ exi/5ce4 ,b ! "t came :5 ,i awak5$ f ?is z f a dream4 ,x 0 9 ! autumn ( #ahbf4 ,i 0 9 a dull /ate ( n]ves1 su* z ev]ybody is occasionally liable to2 unsusceptible to enjoym5t or pleasurable excitem5t2 "o ( ^? moods :5 :at is pleasure at o!r times1 becomes insipid or indiff]5t2 ! /ate1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 9 :i* conv]ts to ,me?odism usually are1 :5 smitt5 by _! fir/ conviction ( s94 ,9 ?is frame ( m9d x occurr$ to me to put ! "q directly to myself3 ,suppose t all y\r objects 9 life 7 realis$2 t all ! *anges 9 in/itutions & op9ions :i* y are look+ =w>d to1 c\ld be completely effect$ at ?is v in/ant3 w\ld ?is be a great joy & happ9ess to y8 ,& an irrepressible self-consci\sness di/9ctly answ]$1 ,no6 ,at ?is my he>t sank )9 me3 ! :ole f\ndation on :i* my life 0 con/ruct$ fell d[n4 ,all my happ9ess 0 to h be5 f\nd 9 ! cont9ual pursuit ( ?is end4 ,! end _h ceas$ to *>m1 & h[ c\ld !re ev] aga9 be any int]e/ 9 ! means8 ,i seem$ to h no?+ left to live =4 ,at fir/ ,i hop$ t ! cl\d w\ld pass away ( itself2 b x did n4 ,a night's sleep1 ! sov]eign rem$y = ! small] vexations ( life1 _h no effect on x4 ,i awoke to a r5ew$ consci\sness ( ! w(ul fact4 ,i c>ri$ x ) me into all companies1 into all occupations4 ,h>dly any?+ _h p[] to cause me ev5 a few m9utes' oblivion ( x4 ,= "s mon?s ! cl\d seem$ to gr[ ?ick] & ?ick]4 ,! l9es 9 ,col]idge's ,dejection--,i 0 n !n acqua9t$ ) !m--exactly describe my case3 ,a grief )\t a pang1 void1 d>k & dre>1 ,a dr[sy1 /ifl$1 unimpassion$ grief1 ,:i* f9ds no natural outlet or relief ,9 ^w1 or sigh1 or te>4 ,9 va9 ,i s\ght relief f my fav\rite books2 ^? memorials ( pa/ nobl5ess & greatness f :i* ,i _h always hi!rto drawn /r5g? & animation4 ,i read !m n[ )\t feel+1 or ) ! accu/om$ feel+ m9us all its *>m2 & ,i became p]suad$1 t my love ( mank9d1 & ( excell5ce = its own sake1 _h worn itself out4 ,i s\ght no com=t by speak+ to o!rs ( :at ,i felt4 ,if ,i _h lov$ any "o suffici5tly to make confid+ my griefs a necessity1 ,i %\ld n h be5 9 ! condition ,i 04 ,i felt1 too1 t m9e 0 n an int]e/+1 or 9 any way respectable di/ress4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 x to attract sympa?y4 ,advice1 if ,i _h kn[n :]e to seek x1 w\ld h be5 mo/ preci\s4 ,! words ( ,macbe? to ! physician (t5 occurr$ to my ?\ghts4 ,b !re 0 no "o on :om ,i c\ld build ! fa9te/ hope ( su* assi/ance4 ,my fa!r1 to :om x w\ld h be5 natural to me to h rec\rse 9 any practical difficulties1 0 ! la/ p]son to :om1 9 su* a case z ?is1 ,i look$ = help4 ,ev]y?+ conv9c$ me t he _h no k ( any su* m5tal /ate z ,i 0 suff]+ f1 & t ev5 if he c\ld be made to und]/& x1 he 0 n ! physician :o c\ld heal x4 ,my education1 :i* 0 :olly 8 "w1 _h be5 conduct$ )\t any reg>d to ! possibility ( its end+ 9 ?is result2 & ,i saw no use 9 giv+ him ! pa9 ( ?9k+ t 8 plans _h fail$1 :5 ! failure 0 probably irrem$iable1 &1 at all ev5ts1 beyond ! p[] ( 8 rem$ies4 ,( o!r fri5ds1 ,i _h at t "t none to :om ,i _h any hope ( mak+ my condition intelligible4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 abundantly intelligible to myself2 & ! m ,i dwelt ^u x1 ! m hopeless x appe>$4 ,my c\rse ( /udy _h l$ me to believe1 t all m5tal & moral feel+s & qualities1 :e!r ( a good or ( a bad k9d1 7 ! results ( association2 t we love "o ?+1 & hate ano!r1 take pleasure 9 "o sort ( action or contemplation1 & pa9 9 ano!r sort1 ?r\gh ! cl++ ( pleasurable or pa9ful ideas to ^? ?+s1 f ! effect ( education or ( exp]i5ce4 ,z a coroll>y f ?is1 ,i _h always he>d x ma9ta9$ by my fa!r1 & 0 myself conv9c$1 t ! object ( education %\ld be to =m ! /ronge/ possible associations ( ! salut>y class2 associations ( pleasure ) all ?+s b5eficial to ! great :ole1 & ( pa9 ) all ?+s hurtful to x4 ,?is doctr9e appe>$ inexpugnable2 b x n[ seem$ to me1 on retrospect1 t my tea*]s _h occupi$ !mselves b sup]ficially ) ! means ( =m+ & keep+ up ^! salut>y associations4 ,!y seem$ to h tru/$ altoge!r to ! old famili> in/rum5ts1 praise & blame1 rew>d & puni%m5t4 ,n[1 ,i did n d\bt t by ^! means1 begun e>ly1 & appli$ unremitt+ly1 int5se associations ( pa9 & pleasure1 especially ( pa91 might be creat$1 & might produce desires & av]sions capable ( la/+ undim9i%$ to ! end ( life4 ,b !re mu/ always be some?+ artificial & casual 9 associations ?us produc$4 ,! pa9s & pleasures ?us =cibly associat$ ) ?+s1 are n connect$ ) !m by any natural tie2 & x is !re=e1 ,i ?\ght1 ess5tial to ! durability ( ^! associations1 t !y %\ld h become s int5se & invet]ate z to be practically indissoluble1 be=e ! habitual ex]cise ( ! p[] ( analysis _h comm5c$4 ,= ,i n[ saw1 or ?\ght ,i saw1 :at ,i _h always be=e receiv$ ) incr$ulity--t ! habit ( analysis has a t5d5cy to we> away ! feel+s3 z inde$ x has1 :5 no o!r m5tal habit is cultivat$1 & ! analys+ _s rema9s )\t its natural complem5ts & correctives4 ,! v excell5ce ( analysis 7,i argu$7 is t x t5ds to weak5 & und]m9e :atev] is ! result ( prejudice2 t x enables u m5tally to sep>ate ideas :i* h only casually clung toge!r3 & no associations :atev] c\ld ultimately resi/ ?is dissolv+ =ce1 7 x n t we owe to analysis our cle>e/ k ( ! p]man5t sequ5ces 9 nature2 ! real connections betwe5 ,?+s1 n dep5d5t on our w & feel+s2 natural laws1 by virtue ( :i*1 9 _m cases1 "o ?+ is insep>able f ano!r 9 fact2 :i* laws1 9 proportion z !y are cle>ly p]ceiv$ & imag9atively realis$1 cause our ideas ( ?+s :i* are always jo9$ toge!r 9 ,nature1 to coh]e m & m closely 9 our ?\ghts4 ,analytic habits may ?us ev5 /r5g!n ! associations betwe5 causes & effects1 means & ends1 b t5d altoge!r to weak5 ^? :i* are1 to speak famili>ly1 a m]e matt] ( feel+4 ,!y are !re=e 7,i ?\ght7 fav\rable to prud5ce & cle>-sight$ness1 b a p]petual worm at ! root bo? ( ! passions & ( ! virtues2 &1 above all1 fe>fully und]m9e all desires1 & all pleasures1 :i* are ! effects ( association1 t is1 accord+ to ! !ory ,i held1 all except ! purely physical & organic2 ( ! entire insuffici5cy ( :i* to make life desirable1 no "o _h a /rong] conviction ?an ,i _h4 ,^! 7 ! laws ( human nature1 by :i*1 z x seem$ to me1 ,i _h be5 br\ght to my pres5t /ate4 ,all ^? to :om ,i look$ up1 7 ( op9ion t ! pleasure ( sympa?y ) human be+s1 & ! feel+s :i* made ! good ( o!rs1 & especially ( mank9d on a l>ge scale1 ! object ( exi/5ce1 7 ! greate/ & sure/ s\rces ( happ9ess4 ,( ! tru? ( ?is ,i 0 conv9c$1 b to "k t a feel+ w\ld make me happy if ,i _h x1 did n give me ! feel+4 ,my education1 ,i ?\ght1 _h fail$ to create ^! feel+s 9 suffici5t /r5g? to resi/ ! dissolv+ influ5ce ( analysis1 :ile ! :ole c\rse ( my intellectual cultivation _h made precoci\s & premature analysis ! invet]ate habit ( my m9d4 ,i 0 ?us1 z ,i said to myself1 left /r&$ at ! comm5cem5t ( my voyage1 ) a well-equipp$ %ip & a rudd]1 b no sail2 )\t any real desire = ! ends :i* ,i _h be5 s c>efully fitt$ out to "w =3 no delight 9 virtue1 or ! g5]al good1 b also j z little 9 any?+ else4 ,! f\nta9s ( vanity & ambition seem$ to h dri$ up )9 me1 z completely z ^? ( b5evol5ce4 ,i _h _h 7z ,i reflect$7 "s gratification ( vanity at too e>ly an age3 ,i _h obta9$ "s di/9ction1 & felt myself ( "s importance1 be=e ! desire ( di/9ction & ( importance _h gr[n into a passion3 & little z x 0 :i* ,i _h atta9$1 yet hav+ be5 atta9$ too e>ly1 l all pleasures enjoy$ too soon1 x _h made me blas & indiff]5t to ! pursuit4 ,?us nei!r selfi% nor unselfi% pleasures 7 pleasures to me4 ,& !re seem$ no p[] 9 nature suffici5t to beg9 ! =mation ( my "* anew1 & create 9 a m9d n[ irretrievably analytic1 fre% associations ( pleasure ) any ( ! objects ( human desire4 ,^! 7 ! ?\ghts :i* m+l$ ) ! dry heavy dejection ( ! melan*oly w9t] ( #ahbf-g4 ,dur+ ?is "t ,i 0 n incapable ( my usual occupations4 ,i w5t on ) !m me*anically1 by ! m]e =ce ( habit4 ,i _h be5 s drill$ 9 a c]ta9 sort ( m5tal ex]cise1 t ,i c\ld /ill c>ry x on :5 all ! _s _h gone out ( x4 ,i ev5 compos$ & spoke sev]al spee*es at ! debat+ society1 h[1 or ) :at degree ( success1 ,i "k n4 ,( f\r ye>s' cont9ual speak+ at t society1 ?is is ! only ye> ( :i* ,i rememb] next to no?+4 ,two l9es ( ,col]idge1 9 :om alone ( all writ]s ,i h f\nd a true description ( :at ,i felt1 7 (t5 9 my ?\ghts1 n at ?is "t 7= ,i _h nev] read !m71 b 9 a lat] p]iod ( ! same m5tal malady3 ,"w )\t hope draws nect> 9 a sieve1 ,& hope )\t an object _c live4 ,9 all probability my case 0 by no means s peculi> z ,i fanci$ x1 & ,i d\bt n t _m o!rs h pass$ ?r\gh a simil> /ate2 b ! idiosyncrasies ( my education _h giv5 to ! g5]al ph5om5on a special "*1 :i* made x seem ! natural effect ( causes t x 0 h>dly possible = "t to remove4 ,i frequ5tly ask$ myself1 if ,i c\ld1 or if ,i 0 b\nd to g on liv+1 :5 life mu/ be pass$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,i g5]ally answ]$ to myself1 t ,i did n ?9k ,i c\ld possibly be> x beyond a ye>4 ,:51 h[ev]1 n m ?an half t duration ( "t _h elaps$1 a small ray ( light broke 9 ^u my gloom4 ,i 0 read+1 accid5tally1 ,m>montel's ,memoires1 & came to ! passage :i* relates 8 fa!r's dea?1 ! di/ress$ position ( ! family1 & ! sudd5 inspiration by :i* he1 !n a m]e boy1 felt & made !m feel t he w\ld be ev]y?+ to !m--w\ld supply ! place ( all t !y _h lo/4 ,a vivid conception ( ! sc5e & its feel+s came ov] me1 & ,i 0 mov$ to te>s4 ,f ?is mom5t my burd5 grew light]4 ,! oppression ( ! ?\ght t all feel+ 0 dead )9 me1 0 gone4 ,i 0 no long] hopeless3 ,i 0 n a /ock or a /one4 ,i _h /ill1 x seem$1 "s ( ! mat]ial out ( :i* all wor? ( "*1 & all capacity = happ9ess1 are made4 ,reliev$ f my ev] pres5t s5se ( irrem$iable wret*$ness1 ,i gradually f\nd t ! ord9>y incid5ts ( life c\ld aga9 give me "s pleasure2 t ,i c\ld aga9 f9d enjoym5t1 n int5se1 b suffici5t = *e]fulness1 9 sun%9e & sky1 9 books1 9 conv]sation1 9 public affairs2 & t !re 01 once m1 excitem5t1 ?\gh ( a mod]ate k9d1 9 ex]t+ myself = my op9ions1 & = ! public good4 ,?us ! cl\d gradually drew (f1 & ,i aga9 enjoy$ life3 & ?\gh ,i _h sev]al relapses1 "s ( :i* la/$ _m mon?s1 ,i nev] aga9 0 z mis]able z ,i _h be54 ,! exp]i5ces ( ?is p]iod _h two v m>k$ effects on my op9ions & "*4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !y l$ me to adopt a !ory ( life1 v unlike t on :i* ,i _h be=e act$1 & hav+ mu* 9 common ) :at at t "t ,i c]ta9ly _h nev] he>d (1 ! anti-self-consci\sness !ory ( ,c>lyle4 ,i nev]1 inde$1 wav]$ 9 ! conviction t happ9ess is ! te/ ( all rules ( conduct1 & ! end ( life4 ,b ,i n[ ?\ght t ?is end 0 only to be atta9$ by n mak+ x ! direct end4 ,^? only are happy 7,i ?\ght7 :o h _! m9ds fix$ on "s object o!r ?an _! own happ9ess2 on ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 on ! improvem5t ( mank9d1 ev5 on "s art or pursuit1 foll[$ n z a means1 b z itself an ideal end4 ,aim+ ?us at some?+ else1 !y f9d happ9ess by ! way4 ,! enjoym5ts ( life 7su* 0 n[ my !ory7 are suffici5t to make x a pleasant ?+1 :5 !y are tak5 en passant1 )\t be+ made a pr9cipal object4 ,once make !m s1 & !y are imm$iately felt to be insuffici5t4 ,!y w n be> a scrut9is+ exam9ation4 ,ask y\rself :e!r y are happy1 & y cease to be s4 ,! only *ance is to treat1 n happ9ess1 b "s end ext]nal to x1 z ! purpose ( life4 ,let y\r self-consci\sness1 y\r scrut9y1 y\r self-int]rogation1 exhau/ !mselves on t2 & if o!rwise =tunately circum/anc$ y w inhale happ9ess ) ! air y brea!1 )\t dwell+ on x or ?9k+ ab\t x1 )\t ei!r =e/all+ x 9 imag9ation1 or putt+ x to flight by fatal que/ion+4 ,?is !ory n[ became ! basis ( my philosophy ( life4 ,& ,i /ill hold to x z ! be/ !ory = all ^? :o h b a mod]ate degree ( s5sibility & ( capacity = enjoym5t1 t is1 = ! great majority ( mank9d4 ,! o!r important *ange :i* my op9ions at ?is3 "t und]w5t1 0 t ,i1 = ! fir/ "t1 gave its prop] place1 among ! prime necessities ( human well-be+1 to ! int]nal culture ( ! individual4 ,i ceas$ to atta* almo/ exclusive importance to ! ord]+ ( outw>d circum/ances1 & ! tra9+ ( ! human be+ = speculation & = action4 ,i _h n[ le>nt by exp]i5ce t ! passive susceptibilities ne$$ to be cultivat$ z well z ! active capacities1 & requir$ to be n\ri%$ & enri*$ z well z guid$4 ,i did n1 = an in/ant1 lose sight (1 or und]value1 t "p ( ! tru? :i* ,i _h se5 be=e2 ,i nev] turn$ recreant to intellectual culture1 or ceas$ to consid] ! p[] & practice ( analysis z an ess5tial condition bo? ( individual & ( social improvem5t4 ,b ,i ?\ght t x _h consequ5ces :i* requir$ to be correct$1 by jo9+ o!r k9ds ( cultivation ) x4 ,! ma9t5ance ( a due balance among ! faculties1 n[ seem$ to me ( prim>y importance4 ,! cultivation ( ! feel+s became "o ( ! c>d9al po9ts 9 my e?ical & philosophical cre$4 ,& my ?\ghts & incl9ations turn$ 9 an increas+ degree t[>ds :atev] seem$ capable ( be+ in/rum5tal to t object4 ,i n[ began to f9d mean+ 9 ! ?+s :i* ,i _h read or he>d ab\t ! importance ( poetry & art z in/rum5ts ( human culture4 ,b x 0 "s "t long] be=e ,i began to "k ?is by p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,! only "o ( ! imag9ative arts 9 :i* ,i _h f *ildhood tak5 great pleasure1 0 music2 ! be/ effect ( :i* 7& 9 ?is x surpasses p]haps e o!r art7 consi/s 9 excit+ en?usiasm2 9 w9d+ up to a high pit* ^? feel+s ( an elevat$ k9d :i* are already 9 ! "*1 b to :i* ?is excitem5t gives a gl[ & a f]v\r1 :i*1 ?\gh transitory at its utmo/ height1 is preci\s = su/a9+ !m at o!r times4 ,?is effect ( music ,i _h (t5 exp]i5c$2 b l all my pleasurable susceptibilities x 0 susp5d$ dur+ ! gloomy p]iod4 ,i _h s\ght relief aga9 & aga9 f ?is qu>t]1 b f\nd none4 ,aft] ! tide _h turn$1 & ,i 0 9 process ( recov]y1 ,i _h be5 help$ =w>d by music1 b 9 a mu* less elevat$ mann]4 ,i at ?is "t fir/ became acqua9t$ ) ,web]'s ,ob]on1 & ! extreme pleasure :i* ,i drew f its delici\s melodies did me good1 by %[+ me a s\rce ( pleasure to :i* ,i 0 z susceptible z ev]4 ,! good1 h[ev]1 0 mu* impair$ by ! ?\ght1 t ! pleasure ( music 7z is q true ( su* pleasure z ?is 01 t ( m]e tune7 fades ) famili>ity1 & requires ei!r to be reviv$ by int]mitt5ce1 or f$ by cont9ual novelty4 ,& x is v *>act]i/ic bo? ( my !n /ate1 & ( ! g5]al tone ( my m9d at ?is p]iod ( my life1 t ,i 0 s]i\sly torm5t$ by ! ?\ght ( ! exhau/ibility ( musical comb9ations4 ,! octave consi/s only ( five tones & two semi-tones1 :i* c be put toge!r 9 only a limit$ numb] ( ways1 ( :i* b a small proportion are beautiful3 mo/ ( ^!1 x seem$ to me1 mu/ h be5 already discov]$1 & !re c\ld n be room = a long succession ( ,moz>ts & ,web]s1 to /rike out1 z ^! _h done1 entirely new & surpass+ly ri* ve9s ( musical beauty4 ,?is s\rce ( anxiety may1 p]haps1 be ?\ght to resemble t ( ! philosoph]s ( ,laputa1 :o fe>$ le/ ! sun %\ld be burnt out4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 connect$ ) ! be/ feature 9 my "*1 & ! only good po9t to be f\nd 9 my v unromantic & 9 no way hon\rable di/ress4 ,= ?\gh my dejection1 hone/ly look$ at1 c\ld n be call$ o!r ?an egoti/ical1 produc$ by ! ru91 z ,i ?\ght1 ( my fabric ( happ9ess1 yet ! de/9y ( mank9d 9 g5]al 0 ev] 9 my ?\ghts1 & c\ld n be sep>at$ f my own4 ,i felt t ! flaw 9 my life1 mu/ be a flaw 9 life itself2 t ! "q 01 :e!r1 if ! re=m]s ( society & gov]nm5t c\ld succe$ 9 _! objects1 & e p]son 9 ! community 7 free & 9 a /ate ( physical com=t1 ! pleasures ( life1 be+ no long] kept up by /ruggle & privation1 w\ld cease to be pleasures4 ,& ,i felt t unless ,i c\ld see my way to "s bett] hope ?an ?is = human happ9ess 9 g5]al my dejection mu/ cont9ue2 b t if ,i c\ld see su* an outlet1 ,i %\ld !n look on ! _w ) pleasure2 cont5t z f> z ,i 0 myself conc]n$1 ) any fair %>e ( ! g5]al lot4 ,?is /ate ( my ?\ghts & feel+s made ! fact ( my read+ ,wordswor? = ! fir/ "t 79 ! autumn ( #ahbh71 an important ev5t 9 my life4 ,i took up ! collection ( 8 poems f curiosity1 ) no expectation ( m5tal relief f x1 ?\gh ,i _h be=e resort$ to poetry ) t hope4 ,9 ! wor/ p]iod ( my depression1 ,i _h read ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,byron 7!n new to me71 to try :e!r a poet1 ^: peculi> dep>tm5t 0 suppos$ to be t ( ! int5s] feel+s1 c\ld r\se any feel+ 9 me4 ,z might be expect$1 ,i got no good f ?is read+1 b ! rev]se4 ,! poet's /ate ( m9d 0 too l my own4 ,8 0 ! lam5t ( a man :o _h worn out all pleasures1 & :o seem$ to ?9k t life1 to all :o possess ! good ?+s ( x1 mu/ necess>ily be ! vapid1 un9t]e/+ ?+ :i* ,i f\nd x4 ,8 ,h>old & ,manfr$ _h ! same burd5 on !m :i* ,i _h2 & ,i 0 n 9 a frame ( m9d to desire any com=t f ! vehem5t s5sual passion ( 8 ,gia\rs1 or ! sull5ness ( 8 ,l>as4 ,b :ile ,byron 0 exactly :at did n suit my condition1 ,wordswor? 0 exactly :at did4 ,i _h look$ into ! ,excursion two or ?ree ye>s be=e1 & f\nd little 9 x2 & ,i %\ld probably h f\nd z little1 _h ,i read x at ?is "t4 ,b ! miscellane\s poems1 9 ! two-volume edition ( #ahae 7to :i* little ( value 0 add$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! au?or's life71 prov$ to be ! precise ?+ = my m5tal wants at t p>ticul> juncture4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^! poems address$ !mselves p[]fully to "o ( ! /ronge/ ( my pleasurable susceptibilities1 ! love ( rural objects & natural sc5]y2 to :i* ,i _h be5 indebt$ n only = mu* ( ! pleasure ( my life1 b q rec5tly = relief f "o ( my longe/ relapses into depression4 ,9 ?is p[] ( rural beauty ov] me1 !re 0 a f\ndation laid = tak+ pleasure 9 ,wordswor?'s poetry2 ! m s1 z 8 sc5]y lies mo/ly among m\nta9s1 :i*1 ow+ to my e>ly ,pyr5ean excursion1 7 my ideal ( natural beauty4 ,b ,wordswor? w\ld nev] h _h any great effect on me1 if he _h m]ely plac$ be=e me beautiful pictures ( natural sc5]y4 ,scott does ?is /ill bett] ?an ,wordswor?1 & a v second-rate l&scape does x m effectually ?an any poet4 ,:at made ,wordswor?'s poems a m$ic9e = my /ate ( m9d1 0 t !y express$1 n m]e outw>d beauty1 b /ates ( feel+1 & ( ?\ght col\r$ by feel+1 "u ! excitem5t ( beauty4 ,!y seem$ to be ! v culture ( ! feel+s :i* ,i 0 9 que/ (4 ,9 !m ,i seem$ to draw f a s\rce ( inw>d joy1 ( sympa!tic & imag9ative pleasures1 :i* c\ld be %>$ 9 by all human be+s2 :i* _h no connection ) /ruggle or imp]fection1 b w\ld be made ri*] by e improvem5t 9 ! physical or social condition ( mank9d4 ,f !m ,i seem$ to le>n :at w\ld be ! p]5nial s\rces ( happ9ess1 :5 all ! great] evils ( life %all h be5 remov$4 ,& ,i felt myself at once bett] & happi] z ,i came "u _! influ5ce4 ,!re h c]ta9ly be51 ev5 9 our own age1 great] poets ?an ,wordswor?2 b poetry ( deep] & l(ti] feel+ c\ld n h done = me at t "t :at 8 did4 ,i ne$$ to be made to feel t !re 0 real1 p]man5t happ9ess 9 tranquil contemplation4 ,wordswor? taught me ?is1 n only )\t turn+ away f1 b ) a greatly increas$ int]e/ 9 ! common feel+s & common de/9y ( human be+s4 ,& ! delight :i* ^! poems gave me1 prov$ t ) culture ( ?is sort1 !re 0 no?+ to dread f ! mo/ confirm$ habit ( analysis4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! ,poems came ! fam\s ,ode1 falsely call$ ,platonic1 ,intimations ( ,immortality3 9 :i*1 along ) m ?an 8 usual sweetness ( melody & rhy?m1 & along ) ! two passages ( gr& imag]y b bad philosophy s (t5 quot$1 ,i f\nd t he too _h _h simil> exp]i5ce to m9e2 t he also _h felt t ! fir/ fre%ness ( y\?ful enjoym5t ( life 0 n la/+2 b t he _h s\ght = comp5sation1 & f\nd x1 9 ! way 9 :i* he 0 n[ tea*+ me to f9d x4 ,! result 0 t ,i gradually1 b completely1 em]g$ f my habitual depression1 & 0 nev] aga9 subject to x4 ,i long cont9u$ to value ,wordswor? less accord+ to 8 intr9sic m]its1 ?an by ! measure ( :at he _h done = me4 ,comp>$ ) ! greate/ poets1 he may be said to be ! poet ( unpoetical natures1 possess$ ( quiet & contemplative ta/es4 ,b unpoetical natures are precisely ^? :i* require poetic cultivation4 ,?is cultivation ,wordswor? is mu* m fitt$ to give1 ?an poets :o are intr9sically f> m poets ?an he4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #c3 ,f ,*apt] ,v ( ! ,autobiography1 #ahgd4 ,,old ,,*9a#d ,,*>les ,,lamb ,i h an almo/ fem99e p>tiality = old *9a4 ,:5 ,i g to see any great h\se1 ,i inquire = ! *9a-closet1 & next = ! picture-gall]y4 ,i _c def5d ! ord] ( pref]5ce1 b by say+ t we h all "s ta/e or o!r1 ( too anci5t a date to admit ( our rememb]+ di/9ctly t x 0 an acquir$ "o4 ,i c call to m9d ! fir/ play1 & ! fir/ exhibition1 t ,i 0 tak5 to2 b ,i am n consci\s ( a "t :5 *9a j>s & sauc]s 7 introduc$ into my imag9ation4 ,i _h no repugnance !n--:y %\ld ,i n[ h8--to ^? little1 lawless1 azure-t9ctur$ grotesques1 t1 "u ! notion ( m5 & wom51 float ab\t1 uncircumscrib$ by any elem5t 9 t _w be=e p]spective--a *9a tea-cup4 ,i l to see my old fri5ds1 :om di/ance _c dim9i%1 figur+ up 9 ! air 7s !y appe> to our optics71 yet on t]ra firma /ill--= s we mu/ 9 c\rtesy int]pret t speck ( deep] blue1 :i* ! decor\s arti/1 to prev5t absurdity1 _h made to spr+ up b5ea? _! s&als4 ,i love ! m5 ) wom5's faces1 & wom51 if possible1 ) /ill m womani% expressions4 ,"h is a "y & c\rtly ,m&>91 h&+ tea to a lady f a salv]--two miles (f4 ,see h[ di/ance seems to set (f respect6 ,& "h ! same lady1 or ano!r--= lik5ess is id5tity on tea-cups--is /epp+ into a little fairy boat1 moor$ on ! hi!r side ( ?is calm g>d5 riv]1 ) a da9ty m9c+ foot1 :i* 9 a "r angle ( incid5ce 7z angles g 9 our _w7 mu/ infallibly l& h] 9 ! mid/ ( a fl[]y mead--a furlong (f on ! o!r side ( ! same /range /ream6 ,fur!r on--if f> or ne> c be pr$icat$ ( _! _w--see horses1 trees1 pagodas1 danc+ ! hays4#e ,"h--a c[ & rabbit c\*ant1 & coext5sive--s objects %[1 se5 ?r\gh ! lucid atmosph]e ( f9e ,ca?ay4 ,i 0 po9t+ out to my c\s9 la/ ev5+1 ov] our ,hyson 7:i* we are old-fa%ion$ en\gh to dr9k unmix$ /ill ( an aft]noon71 "s ( ^! speciosa miracula#f ^u a set ( extraord9>y old blue *9a 7a rec5t pur*ase7 :i* we 7 n[ = ! fir/ "t us+2 & c\ld n help rem>k+1 h[ fav\rable circum/ances _h be5 to u ( late ye>s1 t we c\ld af=d to please ! eye sometimes ) trifles ( ?is sort--:5 a pass+ s5tim5t seem$ to ov]%ade ! br[s ( my companion4 ,i am quick at detect+ ^! summ] cl\ds 9 ,bridget4 ,i wi% ! good old times w\ld come aga91 %e said1 :5 we 7 n q s ri*4 ,i d n mean t ,i want to be poor2 b !re 0 a middle /ate1--s %e 0 pleas$ to ramble on1--9 :i* ,i am sure we 7 a great deal happi]4 ,a pur*ase is b a pur*ase1 n[ t y h money en\gh & to sp>e4 ,=m]ly x us$ to be a triumph4 ,:5 we covet$ a *eap luxury 7&1 oh6 h[ mu* ado ,i _h to get y to cons5t 9 ^? times67 we 7 us$ to h a debate two or ?ree days be=e1 & to weigh ! = & aga9/1 & ?9k :at we might sp>e x out (1 & :at sav+ we c\ld hit ^u1 t %\ld be an equival5t4 ,a ?+ 0 wor? buy+ !n1 :5 we felt ! money t we paid = x4 ,d y rememb] ! br[n suit1 :i* y made to hang ^u y1 till y\r fri5ds cri$ %ame ^u y1 x grew s ?readb>e--& all because ( t folio ,beaumont & ,flet*]1 :i* y dragg$ home late at night f ,b>k]'s 9 ,cov5t-g>d58 ,d y rememb] h[ we ey$ x = weeks be=e we c\ld make up our m9ds to ! pur*ase1 & _h n come to a det]m9ation till x 0 ne> t5 o'clock ( ! ,saturday night1 :5 y set (f f ,isl+ton1 fe>+ y %\ld be too late--& :5 ! old booksell] ) "s grumbl+ op5$ 8 %op1 & by ! tw9kl+ tap] 7= he 0 sett+ b$-w>d7 light$ out ! relic f 8 du/y treasures--& :5 y lugg$ x home1 wi%+ x 7 twice z cumb]some--& :5 y pres5t$ x to me--& :5 we 7 explor+ ! p]fectness ( x 7collat+ y call$ x7--& :ile ,i 0 repair+ "s ( ! loose leaves ) pa/e1 :i* y\r impati5ce w\ld n suff] to be left till daybreak--0 !re no pleasure 9 be+ a poor man8 or c ^? neat black clo!s :i* y we> n[1 & are s c>eful to keep bru%$1 s9ce we h become ri* & f9ical1 give y half ! hone/ vanity ) :i* y flaunt$ x ab\t 9 t ov]worn suit--y\r old corbeau--= f\r or five weeks long] ?an y %\ld h done1 to pacify y\r consci5ce = ! mighty sum ( fifte5--or sixte5 %ill+s 0 x8--a great affair we ?\ght x !n--:i* y _h lavi%$ on ! old folio4 ,n[ y c af=d to buy any book t pleases y1 b ,i d n see t y ev] br+ me home any nice old pur*ases n[4 ,:5 y came home ) tw5ty apologies = lay+ out a less numb] ( %ill+s ^u t pr9t aft] ,lion>do :i* we *ri/5$ ! ',lady ,blan*'2 :5 y look$ at ! pur*ase1 & ?\ght ( ! money--& ?\ght ( ! money1 & look$ aga9 at ! picture--0 !re no pleasure 9 be+ a poor man8 ,n[1 y h no?+ to d b to walk into ,colnaghi's1 & buy a wild]ness ( ,lion>dos4 ,yet d y8 ,!n1 d y rememb] our pleasant walks to ,enfield1 & ,pott]'s b>1 & ,wal?am1 :5 we _h a holiday--holidays & all o!r fun are gone n[ we are ri*--& ! little h&basket 9 :i* ,i us$ to deposit our day's f>e ( savory cold lamb & salad--& h[ y w\ld pry ab\t at noon-tide = "s dec5t h\se1 :]e we might g 9 & produce our /ore--only pay+ = ! ale t y mu/ call =--& speculate ^u ! looks ( ! l&lady1 & :e!r %e 0 likely to all[ u a tableclo?--& wi% = su* ano!r hone/ ho/ess z ,izaak ,walton has describ$ _m a "o on ! pleasant banks ( ! ,lea1 :5 he w5t a fi%+--& sometimes !y w\ld prove oblig+ en\gh1 & sometimes !y w\ld look grudg+ly ^u u--b we _h *e]ful looks /ill = "o ano!r1 & w\ld eat our pla9 food savorily1 sc>cely grudg+ ,piscator#g 8 ,tr\t ,hall8 ,n[1 :5 we g out a day's pleasur+1 :i* is seldom1 moreov]1 we ride "p ( ! way1 & g into a f9e inn1 & ord] ! be/ ( d9n]s1 nev] debat+ ! exp5se1 :i*1 aft] all1 nev] has half ! reli% ( ^? *ance c\ntry snaps1 :5 we 7 at ! m]cy ( unc]ta9 usage1 & a prec>i\s welcome4 ,y are too pr\d to see a play any:]e n[ b 9 ! pit4 ,d y rememb] :]e x 0 we us$ to sit1 :5 we saw ! ,battle ( ,hexham1 & ! ,surr5d] ( ,calais1 & ,banni/] & ,mrs4 ,bl& 9 ! ,*ildr5 9 ! ,wood--:5 we squeez$ out our %ill+ apiece to sit ?ree or f\r times 9 a season 9 ! "o-%ill+ gall]y--:]e y felt all ! "t t y ought n to h br\ght me--& m /rongly ,i felt obligation to y = hav+ br\ght me--& ! pleasure 0 ! bett] = a little %ame--& :5 ! curta9 drew up1 :at c>$ we = our place 9 ! h\se1 or :at matt]$ x :]e we 7 sitt+1 :5 our ?\ghts 7 ) ,rosal9d 9 ,ard51 or ) ,viola at ! ,c\rt ( ,illyria8 ,y us$ to say t ! gall]y 0 ! be/ place ( all = enjoy+ a play socially2 t ! reli% ( su* exhibitions mu/ be 9 proportion to ! infrequ5cy ( go+2 t ! company we met !re1 n be+ 9 g5]al read]s ( plays1 7 oblig$ to att5d ! m1 & did att5d1 to :at 0 go+ on on ! /age1 because a ^w lo/ w\ld h be5 a *asm :i* x 0 impossible = !m to fill up4 ,) su* reflections we consol$ our pride !n1 & ,i appeal to y :e!r1 z a woman1 ,i met g5]ally ) less att5tion & accommodation ?an ,i h done s9ce 9 m exp5sive situations 9 ! h\se8 ,! gett+ 91 inde$1 & ! cr[d+ up ^? inconv5i5t /aircases1 0 bad en\gh1--b !re 0 /ill a law ( civility to woman recognis$ to q z great an ext5t z we ev] f\nd 9 ! o!r passages--& h[ a little difficulty ov]come height5$ ! snug seat1 & ! play1 aft]w>d6 ,n[ we c only pay our money1 & walk 94 ,y _c see1 y say1 9 ! gall]ies n[4 ,i am sure we saw1 & he>d too1 well en\gh !n--b sight1 & all1 ,i ?9k1 is gone ) our pov]ty4 ,!re 0 pleasure 9 eat+ /rawb]ries1 be=e !y became q common--9 ! fir/ di% ( peas1 :ile !y 7 yet de>--to h !m = a nice supp]1 a treat4 ,:at treat c we h n[8 ,if we 7 to treat ourselves n[--t is1 to h da9ties a little above our means1 x w\ld be selfi% & wick$4 ,x is ! v little m t we all[ ourselves beyond :at ! actual poor c get at1 t makes :at ,i call a treat--:5 two p liv+ toge!r1 z we h done1 n[ & !n indulge !mselves 9 a *eap luxury1 :i* bo? l2 :ile ea* apologises1 & is will+ to take bo? halves ( ! blame to 8 s+le %>e4 ,i see no h>m 9 p mak+ mu* ( !mselves 9 t s5se ( ! ^w4 ,x may give !m a h9t h[ to make mu* ( o!rs4 ,b n[--:at ,i mean by ! ^w--we nev] d make mu* ( ourselves4 ,none b ! poor c d x4 ,i d n mean ! v]ie/ poor ( all1 b p]sons z we 71 j above pov]ty4 ,i "k :at y 7 go+ to say1 t x is mighty pleasant at ! end ( ! ye> to make all meet1--& mu* ado we us$ to h e ,?irty-fir/ ,night ( ,decemb] to acc\nt = our exce$+s--_m a long face did y make ov] y\r puzzl$ acc\nts1 & 9 contriv+ to make x out h[ we _h sp5t s mu*--or t we _h n sp5t s mu*--or t x 0 impossible we %\ld sp5d s mu* next ye>--& /ill we f\nd our sl5d] capital decreas+--b !n1 betwixt ways1 & projects1 & compromises ( "o sort or ano!r & talk ( curtail+ ?is *>ge1 & do+ )\t t = ! future--& ! hope t y\? br+s1 & laugh+ spirits 79 :i* y 7 nev] poor till n[71 we pocket$ up our loss1 & 9 conclusion1 ) 'lu/y brimm]s' 7z y us$ to quote x out ( he>ty1 *e]ful ,mr4 ,cotton#h1 z y call$ him71 we us$ to welcome 9 ! 'com+ gue/4' ,n[ we h no reckon+ at all at ! end ( ! old ye>2 no flatt]+ promises ab\t ! new ye> do+ bett] = u4 ,bridget is s sp>+ ( h] spee*1 on mo/ occasions1 t :5 %e gets into a rhetorical ve91 ,i am c>eful h[ ,i int]rupt x4 ,i c\ld n help1 h[ev]1 smil+ at ! phantom ( weal? :i* h] de> imag9ation _h conjur$ up out ( a cle> income ( poor ---- hundr$ p\nds a ye>4 ,x is true we 7 happi] :5 we 7 poor]1 b we 7 also y\ng]1 my c\s94 ,i am afraid we mu/ put up ) ! excess1 = if we 7 to %ake ! sup]flux into ! sea1 we %\ld n mu* m5d ourselves4 ,t we _h mu* to /ruggle )1 z we grew up toge!r1 we h reason to be mo/ ?ankful4 ,x /r5g!n$ & knit our compact clos]4 ,we c\ld nev] h be5 :at we h be5 to ea* o!r1 if we _h always _h ! suffici5cy :i* y n[ compla9 (4 ,! resi/+ p[]1 ^? natural dilations ( ! y\?ful _s1 :i* circum/ances c n /rait5--) u are long s9ce pass$ away4 ,compet5ce to age is supplem5t>y y\?1 a sorry supplem5t inde$1 b ,i fe> ! be/ t is to be _h4 ,we mu/ ride :]e we =m]ly walk$3 live bett] & lie s(t]--& %all be wise to d s--?an we _h means to d 9 ^? good old days y speak (4 ,yet c\ld ^? days return1 c\ld y & ,i once m walk our ?irty miles a day1 c\ld ,banni/] & ,mrs4 ,bl& aga9 be "y1 & y & ,i be "y to see !m1 c\ld ! good old "o %ill+ gall]y days return--!y are dreams1 my c\s91 n[1 b c\ld y & ,i at ?is mom5t1 in/ead ( ?is quiet argum5t1 by our well-c>pet$ fireside1 sitt+ on ?is luxuri\s s(a--be once m /ruggl+ up ^? inconv5i5t /aircases1 pu%$ ab\t & squeez$1 & elb[$ by ! poore/ rabble ( poor gall]y scrambl]s--c\ld ,i once m he> ^? anxi\s %rieks ( y\rs1 & ! delici\s ,?ank ,god1 we are safe1 :i* always foll[$1 :5 ! topmo/ /air1 conqu]$1 let 9 ! fir/ light ( ! :ole *e]ful !atre d[n b5ea? u--,i "k n ! fa?om l9e t ev] t\*$ a desc5t s deep z ,i w\ld be will+ to bury m weal? 9 ?an ,croesus _h1 or ! great ,jew ,r---- is suppos$ to h1 to pur*ase x4 ,& n[ d j look at t m]ry little ,*9ese wait] hold+ an umbrella1 big en\gh = a b$-te/]1 ov] ! head ( t pretty insipid half-,madonna-i% *it ( a lady 9 t v blue summ]-h\se4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #d3 ,f ,la/ ,essays ( ,elia1 #ahcc4 ,footnote #e3 ,! hays3 an old ,engli% dance4 ,footnote #f3 ,speciosa miracula3 beautiful m>vels4 ,footnote #g3 ,piscator3 ,! ,angl]--! au?or's spokesman 9 ,walton's ,! ,complete ,angl]4 ,footnote #h3 ,*>les ,cotton1 a humori/ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,,:at ,,is ,,education8#i ,,?omas ,,h5ry ,,huxley ,:at is education8 ,above all ?+s1 :at is our ideal ( a ?or\ghly lib]al education8--( t education :i*1 if we c\ld beg9 life aga91 we w\ld give ourselves--( t education :i*1 if we c\ld m\ld ! fates to our own w1 we w\ld give our *ildr58 ,well1 ,i "k n :at may be y\r conceptions ^u ?is matt]1 b ,i w tell y m9e1 & ,i hope ,i %all f9d t our views are n v discrepant4 ,suppose x 7 p]fectly c]ta9 t ! life & =tune ( e "o ( u w\ld1 "o day or o!r1 dep5d ^u 8 w9n+ or los+ a game ( *ess4 ,don't y ?9k t we %\ld all consid] x to be a prim>y duty to le>n at lea/ ! names & ! moves ( ! pieces2 to h a notion ( a gambit1 & a ke5 eye = all ! means ( giv+ & gett+ out ( *eck8 ,d y n ?9k t we %\ld look ) a disapprobation am\nt+ to scorn1 ^u ! fa!r :o all[$ 8 son1 or ! /ate :i* all[$ its memb]s1 to gr[ up )\t kn[+ a pawn f a knight8 ,yet x is a v pla9 & elem5t>y tru?1 t ! life1 ! =tune1 & ! happ9ess ( e "o ( u1 &1 m or less1 ( ^? :o are connect$ ) u1 d dep5d ^u our kn[+ some?+ ( ! rules ( a game inf9itely m difficult & complicat$ ?an *ess4 ,x is a game :i* has be5 play$ = untold ages1 e man & woman ( u be+ "o ( ! two play]s 9 a game ( 8 or h] own4 ,! *ess-bo>d is ! _w1 ! pieces are ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 ! rules ( ! game are :at we call ! laws ( ,nature4 ,! play] on ! o!r side is hidd5 f u4 ,we "k t 8 play is always fair1 j & pati5t4 ,b also we "k1 to our co/1 t he nev] ov]looks a mi/ake1 or makes ! smalle/ all[ance = ignorance4 ,to ! man :o plays well1 ! highe/ /akes are paid1 ) t sort ( ov]fl[+ g5]osity ) :i* ! /rong %[s delight 9 /r5g?4 ,& "o :o plays ill is *eckmat$--)\t ha/e1 b )\t remorse4 ,my metaphor w rem9d "s ( y ( ! fam\s picture 9 :i* ,retzs* has depict$ ,satan play+ at *ess ) man = 8 s\l4 ,sub/itute = ! mock+ fi5d 9 t picture a calm1 /rong angel :o is play+ = love1 z we say1 & w\ld r lose ?an w9--& ,i %\ld accept x z an image ( human life4 ,well1 :at ,i mean by ,education is le>n+ ! rules ( ?is mighty game4 ,9 o!r words1 education is ! in/ruction ( ! intellect 9 ! laws ( ,nature1 "u :i* "n ,i include n m]ely ?+s & _! =ces1 b m5 & _! ways2 & ! fa%ion+ ( ! affections & ( ! w into an e>ne/ & lov+ desire to move 9 h>mony ) ^? laws4 ,= me1 education means nei!r m nor less ?an ?is4 ,any?+ :i* pr(esses to call itself education mu/ be tri$ by ?is /&>d1 & if x fails to /& ! te/1 ,i w n call x education1 :atev] may be ! =ce ( au?ority1 or ( numb]s1 ^u ! o!r side4 ,x is important to rememb] t1 9 /rictness1 !re is no su* ?+ z an un$ucat$ man4 ,take an extreme case4 ,suppose t an adult man1 9 ! full vig\r ( 8 faculties1 c\ld be sudd5ly plac$ 9 ! _w1 z ,adam is said to h be51 & !n left to d z he be/ might4 ,h[ long w\ld he be left un$ucat$8 ,n five m9utes4 ,nature w\ld beg9 to tea* him1 ?r\gh ! eye1 ! e>1 ! t\*1 ! prop]ties ( objects4 ,pa9 & pleasure w\ld be at 8 elb[ tell+ him to d ?is & avoid t2 & by sl[ degrees ! man w\ld receive an education :i*1 if n>r[1 w\ld be ?or\gh1 real1 & adequate to 8 circum/ances1 ?\gh !re w\ld be no extras & v few accompli%m5ts4 ,& if to ?is solit>y man ent]$ a second ,adam1 or1 bett] /ill1 an ,eve1 a new & great] _w1 t ( social & moral ph5om5a1 w\ld be reveal$4 ,joys & woes1 comp>$ ) :i* all o!rs might seem b fa9t %ad[s1 w\ld spr+ f ! new relations4 ,happ9ess & sorr[ w\ld take ! place ( ! co>s] monitors1 pleasure & pa92 b conduct w\ld /ill be %ap$ by ! obs]vation ( ! natural consequ5ces ( actions2 or1 9 o!r words1 by ! laws ( ! nature ( man4 ,to e "o ( u ! _w 0 once z fre% & new z to ,adam4 ,& !n1 long be=e we 7 susceptible ( any o!r modes ( in/ruction1 ,nature took u 9 h&1 & e m9ute ( wak+ life br\ght its educational influ5ce1 %ap+ our actions into r\gh accordance ) ,nature's laws1 s t we might n be end$ untimely by too gross disob$i5ce4 ,nor %\ld ,i speak ( ?is process ( education z pa/ = any "o1 be he z old z he may4 ,= e man ! _w is z fre% z x 0 at ! fir/ day1 & z full ( untold novelties = him :o has ! eyes to see !m4 ,& ,nature is /ill cont9u+ h] pati5t education ( u 9 t great univ]sity1 ! univ]se1 ( :i* we are all memb]s--,nature hav+ no ,te/-,acts4 ,^? :o take hon\rs 9 ,nature's univ]sity1 :o le>n ! laws :i* gov]n m5 & ?+s & obey !m1 are ! really great & successful m5 9 ?is _w4 ,! great mass ( mank9d are ! ,poll1#aj :o pick up j en\gh to get ?r\gh )\t mu* discr$it4 ,^? :o won't le>n at all are pluck$2 & !n y c't come up aga94 ,nature's pluck means ext]m9ation4 ,?us ! "q ( compulsory education is settl$ s f> z ,nature is conc]n$4 ,h] bill on t "q 0 fram$ & pass$ long ago4 ,b1 l all compulsory legislation1 t ( ,nature is h>% & wa/eful 9 its op]ation4 ,ignorance is visit$ z %>ply z wilful disob$i5ce--incapacity meets ) ! same puni%m5t z crime4 ,nature's discipl9e is n ev5 a ^w & a bl[1 & ! bl[ fir/2 b ! bl[ )\t ! ^w4 ,x is left to y to f9d out :y y\r e>s are box$4 ,! object ( :at we commonly call education--t education 9 :i* man int]v5es & :i* ,i %all di/+ui% z artificial education--is to make good ^! defects 9 ,nature's me?ods2 to prep>e ! *ild to receive ,nature's education1 nei!r incapably nor ignorantly1 nor ) wilful disob$i5ce2 & to und]/& ! prelim9>y symptoms ( h] pleasure1 )\t wait+ = ! box on ! e>4 ,9 %ort1 all artificial education ought to be an anticipation ( natural education4 ,& a lib]al education is an artificial education :i* has n only prep>$ a man to escape ! great evils ( disob$i5ce to natural laws1 b has tra9$ him to appreciate & to seize ^u ! rew>ds1 :i* ,nature scatt]s ) z free a h& z h] p5alties4 ,t man1 ,i ?9k1 has _h a lib]al education :o has be5 s tra9$ 9 y\? t 8 body is ! ready s]vant ( 8 w1 & does ) ease & pleasure all ! "w t1 z a me*anism1 x is capable (2 ^: intellect is a cle>1 cold1 logic eng9e1 ) all its p>ts ( equal /r5g?1 & 9 smoo? work+ ord]2 ready1 l a /eam eng9e1 to be turn$ to any k9d ( "w1 & sp9 ! gossam]s z well z =ge ! an*ors ( ! m9d2 ^: m9d is /or$ ) a k ( ! great & fundam5tal tru?s ( ,nature & ( ! laws ( h] op]ations2 "o :o1 no /unt$ ascetic1 is full ( life & fire1 b ^: passions are tra9$ to come to heel by a vigor\s w1 ! s]vant ( a t5d] consci5ce2 :o has le>n$ to love all beauty1 :e!r ( ,nature or ( art1 to hate all vil5ess1 & to respect o!rs z himself4 ,su* an "o & no o!r1 ,i conceive1 has _h a lib]al education2 = he is1 z completely z a man c be1 9 h>mony ) ,nature4 ,he w make ! be/ ( h]1 & %e ( him4 ,!y w get on toge!r r>ely2 %e z 8 ev] b5efic5t "m2 he z h] m\?piece1 h] consci\s self1 h] m9i/] & int]pret]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #i3 ,f ,a ,lib]al ,education2 & ,:]e to ,f9d ,x1 #ahfh4 ,footnote #aj3 ,poll 7a slang t]m us$ at ,cambridge ,univ]sity73 ^? :o take a degree )\t hon\rs4 ,,k ,,view$ ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,le>n+#aa ,,john ,,h5ry ,,newman ,x 7 well if ! ,engli%1 l ! ,greek language1 possess$ "s def9ite ^w to express1 simply & g5]ally1 intellectual pr(ici5cy or p]fection1 su* z heal?1 z us$ ) ref]5ce to ! animal frame1 & virtue1 ) ref]5ce to our moral nature4 ,i am n able to f9d su* a t]m2--tal5t1 ability1 g5ius1 belong di/9ctly to ! raw mat]ial1 :i* is ! subject-matt]1 n to t excell5ce :i* is ! result ( ex]cise & tra9+4 ,:5 we turn1 inde$1 to ! p>ticul> k9ds ( intellectual p]fection1 words are =?com+ = our purpose1 z1 = in/ance1 judgm5t1 ta/e1 & skill2 yet ev5 ^! belong1 = ! mo/ "p1 to p[]s or habits be>+ ^u practice or ^u art1 & n to any p]fect condition ( ! intellect1 consid]$ 9 itself4 ,wisdom1 aga91 is c]ta9ly a m compreh5sive ^w ?an any o!r1 b x has a direct relation to conduct1 & to human life4 ,k1 inde$1 & sci5ce express purely intellectual ideas b /ill n a /ate or quality ( ! intellect2 = k1 9 its ord9>y s5se1 is b "o ( its circum/ances1 d5ot+ a possession or a habit2 & sci5ce has be5 appropriat$ to ! subject-matt] ( ! intellect1 in/ead ( belong+ 9 ,engli%1 z x ought to d1 to ! intellect itself4 ,! consequ5ce is t1 on an occasion l ?is1 _m words are necess>y1 9 ord]1 fir/1 to br+ out & convey :at surely is no difficult idea 9 itself1--t ( ! cultivation ( ! intellect z an end2 next1 9 ord] to recomm5d :at surely is no unreasonable object2 & la/ly1 to describe & make ! m9d realise ! p>ticul> p]fection 9 :i* t object consi/s4 ,e "o kn[s practically :at are ! con/itu5ts ( heal? or ( virtue2 & e "o recognises heal? & virtue z ends to be pursu$2 x is o!rwise ) intellectual excell5ce1 & ?is mu/ be my excuse1 if ,i seem to anyone to be be/[+ a good deal ( lab\r on a prelim9>y matt]4 ,9 default ( a recognis$ t]m1 ,i h call$ ! p]fection or virtue ( ! intellect by ! "n ( philosophy1 philosophical k1 enl>gem5t ( m9d1 or illum9ation1 t]ms :i* are n uncommonly giv5 to x by writ]s ( ?is day3 b1 :atev] "n we be/[ on x1 x is1 ,i believe1 z a matt] ( hi/ory1 ! bus9ess ( a univ]sity to make ?is intellectual culture its direct scope1 or to employ itself 9 ! education ( ! intellect1--j z ! "w ( a hospital lies 9 heal+ ! sick or w\nd$1 ( a rid+ or f5c+ s*ool1 or ( a gymnasium1 9 ex]cis+ ! limbs1 ( an alm%\se1 9 aid+ & solac+ ! old1 ( an orphanage1 9 protect+ innoc5ce1 ( a p5it5ti>y1 9 re/or+ ! guilty4 ,i say1 a univ]sity1 tak5 9 its b>e idea1 & be=e we view x z an in/rum5t ( ! *ur*1 has ?is object & ?is mission2 x contemplates nei!r moral impression nor me*anical production2 x pr(esses to ex]cise ! m9d nei!r 9 art nor 9 duty2 its function is intellectual culture2 "h x may leave its s*ol>s1 & x has done its "w :5 x has done z mu* z ?is4 ,x educates ! intellect to reason well 9 all matt]s1 to rea* out t[>ds tru?1 & to grasp x4 ,?is1 ,i said 9 my =ego+ disc\rse1 0 ! object ( a univ]sity1 view$ 9 itself1 & ap>t f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 or f ! /ate1 or f any o!r p[] :i* may use x2 & ,i illu/rat$ ?is 9 v>i\s ways4 ,i said t ! intellect mu/ h an excell5ce ( its own1 = !re 0 no?+ :i* _h n its specific good2 t ! ^w educate w\ld n be us$ ( intellectual culture1 z x is us$1 _h n ! intellect _h an end ( its own2 t1 _h x n su* an end1 !re w\ld be no mean+ 9 call+ c]ta9 intellectual ex]cises lib]al1 9 contra/ ) useful1 z is commonly done2 t ! v notion ( a philosophical temp] impli$ x1 = x ?rew u back ^u rese>* & sy/em z ends 9 !mselves1 di/9ct f effects & works ( any k9d2 t a philosophical s*eme ( k1 or sy/em ( sci5ces1 c\ld n1 f ! nature ( ! case1 issue 9 any "o def9ite art or pursuit1 z its end2 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 ! discov]y & contemplation ( tru?1 to :i* rese>* & sy/ematis+ l$1 7 surely suffici5t ends1 ?\gh no?+ beyond !m 7 add$1 & t !y _h ev] be5 acc\nt$ suffici5t by mank9d4 ,"h !n ,i take up ! subject2 & hav+ det]m9$ t ! cultivation ( ! intellect is an end di/9ct & suffici5t 9 itself1 & t1 s f> z words g1 x is an enl>gem5t or illum9ation4 ,i proce$ to inquire :at ?is m5tal bread?1 or p[]1 or light1 or philosophy consi/s 94 ,a hospital heals a brok5 limb or cures a fev]3 :at does an in/itution effect1 :i* pr(esses ! heal?1 n ( ! body1 n ( ! s\l1 b ( ! intellect8 ,:at is ?is good1 :i* 9 =m] times1 z well z our own1 has be5 f\nd wor? ! notice1 ! appropriation ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*8 ,i h !n to inve/igate1 9 ! disc\rses :i* foll[1 ^? qualities & *>act]i/ics ( ! intellect 9 :i* its cultivation issues or r consi/s2 &1 ) a view ( assi/+ myself 9 ?is und]tak+1 ,i %all recur to c]ta9 que/ions :i* h already be5 t\*$ ^u4 ,^! que/ions are ?ree3 viz4 ! relation ( intellectual culture1 fir/1 to m]e k2 secondly1 to pr(essional k2 & ?irdly1 to religi\s k4 ,9 o!r words1 are acquirem5ts & atta9m5ts ! scope ( a univ]sity education8 or exp]tness 9 p>ticul> arts & pursuits8 or moral & religi\s pr(ici5cy8 or some?+ besides ^! ?ree8 ,^! que/ions ,i %all exam9e 9 succession1 ) ! purpose ,i h m5tion$2 & ,i hope to be excus$1 if1 9 ?is anxi\s und]tak+1 ,i am l$ to repeat :at1 ei!r 9 ^! disc\rses or else:]e1 ,i h already put ^u pap]4 ,& fir/1 ( m]e k1 or le>n+1 & its connection ) intellectual illum9ation or philosophy4 ,i suppose ! prima-facie#ab view :i* ! public at l>ge w\ld take ( a univ]sity1 consid]+ x z a place ( education1 is no?+ m or less ?an a place = acquir+ a great deal ( k on a great _m subjects4 ,memory is "o ( ! fir/ develop$ ( ! m5tal faculties2 a boy's bus9ess :5 he goes to s*ool is to le>n1 t is1 to /ore up ?+s 9 8 memory4 ,= "s ye>s 8 intellect is little m ?an an in/rum5t = tak+ 9 facts1 or a receptacle = /or+ !m2 he welcomes !m z fa/ z !y come to him2 he lives on :at is )\t2 he has 8 eyes ev] ab\t him2 he has a lively susceptibility ( impressions2 he imbibes in=mation ( e k9d2 & little does he make 8 own 9 a true s5se ( ! ^w1 liv+ r ^u 8 neighb\rs all ar\nd him4 ,he has op9ions1 religi\s1 political & lit]>y1 &1 = a boy1 is v positive 9 !m & sure ab\t !m2 b he gets !m f 8 s*oolfell[s1 or 8 ma/]s1 or 8 p>5ts1 z ! case may be4 ,su* z he is 9 8 o!r relations1 su* also is he 9 8 s*ool ex]cises2 8 m9d is obs]vant1 %>p1 ready1 ret5tive2 he is almo/ passive 9 ! acquisition ( k4 ,i say ?is 9 no disp>agem5t ( ! idea ( a clev] boy4 ,geography1 *ronology1 hi/ory1 language1 natural hi/ory1 he heaps up ! matt] ( ^! /udies z treasures = a future day4 ,x is ! sev5 ye>s ( pl5ty ) him3 he ga!rs 9 by h&fuls1 l ! ,egyptians1 )\t c\nt+2 & ?\gh1 z "t goes on1 !re is ex]cise = 8 argum5tative p[]s 9 ! elem5ts ( ma!matics1 & = 8 ta/e 9 ! poets & orators1 /ill1 :ile at s*ool1 or at lea/1 till q ! la/ ye>s ( 8 "t1 he acquires1 & little m2 & :5 he is leav+ = ! univ]sity1 he is ma9ly ! creature ( =eign influ5ces & circum/ances1 & made up ( accid5ts1 homog5e\s or n1 z ! case may be4 ,moreov]1 ! moral habits1 :i* are a boy's praise1 enc\rage & assi/ ?is result2 t is1 dilig5ce1 assiduity1 regul>ity1 despat*1 p]sev]+ application2 = ^! are ! direct conditions ( acquisition1 & naturally lead to x4 ,acquirem5ts1 aga91 are emphatically producible1 & at a mom5t2 !y are a some?+ to %[1 bo? = ma/] & s*ol>2 an audi5ce1 ev5 ?\gh ignorant !mselves ( ! subjects ( an exam9ation1 c compreh5d :5 que/ions are answ]$ & :5 !y are n4 ,"h aga9 is a reason :y m5tal culture is 9 ! m9ds ( m5 id5tifi$ ) ! acquisition ( k4 ,! same notion possesses ! public m9d1 :5 x passes on f ! ?\ght ( a s*ool to t ( a univ]sity3 & ) ! be/ ( reasons s f> z ?is1 t !re is no true culture )\t acquirem5ts1 & t philosophy presupposes k4 ,x requires a great deal ( read+1 or a wide range ( in=mation1 to w>rant u 9 putt+ =? our op9ions on any s]i\s subject2 & )\t su* le>n+ ! mo/ orig9al m9d may be able inde$ to dazzle1 to amuse1 to refute1 to p]plex1 b n to come to any useful result or any tru/wor?y conclusion4 ,!re are inde$ p]sons :o pr(ess a diff]5t view ( ! matt]1 & ev5 act ^u x4 ,e n[ & !n y w f9d a p]son ( vigor\s or f]tile m9d1 :o relies ^u 8 own res\rces1 despises all =m] au?ors1 & gives ! _w1 ) ! utmo/ fe>lessness1 8 views ^u religion1 or hi/ory1 or any o!r popul> subject4 ,& 8 works may sell = a :ile2 he may get a "n 9 8 day2 b ?is w be all4 ,8 read]s are sure to f9d on ! long run t 8 doctr9es are m]e !ories1 & n ! expression ( facts1 t !y are *aff in/ead ( bread1 & !n 8 popul>ity drops z sudd5ly z x rose4 ,k !n is ! indisp5sable condition ( expansion ( m9d1 & ! in/rum5t ( atta9+ to x2 ?is _c be d5i$1 x is ev] to be insi/$ on2 ,i beg9 ) x z a fir/ pr9ciple2 h[ev]1 ! v tru? ( x c>ries m5 too f>1 & confirms to !m ! notion t x is ! :ole ( ! matt]4 ,a n>r[ m9d is ?\ght to be t :i* conta9s little k2 & an enl>g$ m9d1 t :i* holds a great deal2 & :at seems to put ! matt] beyond dispute is1 ! fact ( ! great numb] ( /udies :i* are pursu$ 9 a univ]sity1 by its v pr(ession4 ,lectures are giv5 on e k9d ( subject2 exam9ations are held2 prizes aw>d$4 ,!re are moral1 metaphysical1 physical pr(essors2 pr(essors ( languages1 ( hi/ory1 ( ma!matics1 ( exp]im5tal sci5ce4 ,li/s ( que/ions are publi%$1 wond]ful = _! range & dep?1 v>iety & difficulty2 treatises are writt51 :i* c>ry ^u _! v face ! evid5ce ( ext5sive read+ or multif>i\s in=mation2 :at !n is want+ = m5tal culture to a p]son ( l>ge read+ & sci5tific atta9m5ts8 :at is grasp ( m9d b acquirem5t8 :]e %all philosophical repose be f\nd1 b 9 ! consci\sness & enjoym5t ( l>ge intellectual possessions8 ,& yet ?is notion is1 ,i conceive1 a mi/ake1 & my pres5t bus9ess is to %[ t x is "o1 & t ! end ( a lib]al education is n m]e k1 or k consid]$ 9 its matt]2 & ,i %all be/ atta9 my object1 by actually sett+ d[n "s cases1 :i* w be g5]ally grant$ to be in/ances ( ! process ( enlight5m5t or enl>gem5t ( m9d1 & o!rs :i* are n1 & ?us1 by ! comp>ison1 y w be able to judge = y\rselves1 g5tlem51 :e!r k1 t is1 acquirem5t1 is aft] all ! real pr9ciple ( ! enl>gem5t or :e!r t pr9ciple is n r some?+ beyond x4 ,= in/ance1 let a p]son1 ^: exp]i5ce has hi!rto be5 conf9$ to ! m calm & unpret5d+ sc5]y ( ^! isl&s1 :e!r "h or 9 ,engl&1 g = ! fir/ "t into p>ts :]e physical nature puts on h] wild] & m awful =ms1 :e!r at home or abroad1 z into m\nta9\s di/ricts2 or let "o1 :o has ev] liv$ 9 a quiet village1 g = ! fir/ "t to a great metropolis1--!n ,i suppose he w h a s5sation :i* p]haps he nev] _h be=e4 ,he has a feel+ n 9 addition or increase ( =m] feel+s1 b ( some?+ diff]5t 9 its nature4 ,he w p]haps be borne =w>d1 & f9d = a "t t he has lo/ 8 be>+s4 ,he has made a c]ta9 progress1 & he has a consci\sness ( m5tal enl>gem5t2 he does n /& :]e he did1 he has a new c5tre1 & a range ( ?\ghts to :i* he 0 be=e a /rang]4 ,aga91 ! view ( ! heav5s :i* ! telescope op5s ^u u1 if all[$ to fill & possess ! m9d1 may almo/ :irl x r\nd & make x dizzy4 ,x br+s 9 a flood ( ideas1 & is rightly call$ an intellectual enl>gem5t1 :atev] is meant by ! t]m4 ,& s aga91 ! sight ( bea/s ( prey & o!r =eign animals1 _! /rang5ess1 ! orig9ality 7if ,i may use ! t]m7 ( _! =ms & ge/ures & habits1 & _! v>iety & indep5d5ce ( ea* o!r1 ?r[ u out ( ourselves into ano!r creation1 & z if "u ano!r ,creator1 if ,i may s express ! temptation :i* may come on ! m9d4 ,we seem to h new faculties1 or a new ex]cise = our faculties1 by ?is addition to our k2 l a prison]1 :o1 hav+ be5 accu/om$ to we> manacles or fett]s1 sudd5ly f9ds 8 arms & legs free4 ,h5ce physical sci5ce g5]ally1 9 all its dep>tm5ts1 z br++ be=e u ! exub]ant ri*es & res\rces1 yet ! ord]ly c\rse1 ( ! univ]se1 elevates & excites ! /ud5t1 & at fir/1 ,i may say1 almo/ takes away 8 brea?1 :ile 9 "t x ex]cises a tranquillis+ influ5ce ^u him4 ,aga9 ! /udy ( hi/ory is said to enl>ge & enlight5 ! m9d1 & :y8 because1 z ,i conceive1 x gives x a p[] ( judg+ ( pass+ ev5ts & ( all ev5ts1 & a consci\s sup]iority ov] !m1 :i* be=e x did n possess4 ,& 9 l mann]1 :at is call$ see+ ! _w1 ent]+ into active life1 go+ into society1 travell+1 ga9+ acqua9tance ) ! v>i\s classes ( ! community1 com+ into contact ) ! pr9ciples & modes ( ?\ght ( v>i\s p>ties1 int]e/s1 & races1 _! views1 aims1 habits & mann]s1 _! religi\s cre$s & =ms ( wor%ip1--ga9+ exp]i5ce h[ v>i\s yet h[ alike m5 are1 h[ l[-m9d$1 h[ bad1 h[ oppos$1 yet h[ confid5t 9 _! op9ions2 all ?is ex]ts a p]ceptible influ5ce ^u ! m9d1 :i* x is impossible to mi/ake1 be x good or be x bad1 & is popul>ly call$ its enl>gem5t4 ,& !n aga91 ! fir/ "t ! m9d comes across ! argum5ts & speculations ( unbeliev]s1 & feels :at a novel light !y ca/ ^u :at he has hi!rto acc\nt$ sacr$2 & /ill m1 if x gives 9 to !m & embraces !m1 & ?r[s (f z s mu* prejudice :at x has hi!rto held1 &1 z if wak+ f a dream1 beg9s to realise to its imag9ation t !re is n[ no su* ?+ z law & ! transgression ( law1 t s9 is a phantom1 & puni%m5t a bugbe>1 t x is free to s91 free to enjoy ! _w & ! fle%2 & /ill fur!r1 :5 x does enjoy !m1 & reflects t x may ?9k & hold j :at x w1 t ! _w is all be=e x :]e to *oose1 & :at sy/em to build up z its own private p]suasion2 :5 ?is torr5t ( wilful ?\ghts ru%es ov] & inundates x1 :o w d5y t ! fruit ( ! tree ( k1 or :at ! m9d takes = k1 has made x "o ( ! gods1 ) a s5se ( expansion & elevation1--an intoxication 9 reality1 /ill1 s f> z ! subjective /ate ( ! m9d goes1 an illum9ation8 ,h5ce ! fanaticism ( individuals or nations1 :o sudd5ly ca/ (f _! ,mak]4 ,_! eyes are op5$2 &1 l ! judgm5t-/rick5 k+ 9 ! trag$y1 !y see two suns1 & a magic univ]se1 out ( :i* !y look back ^u _! =m] /ate ( fai? & innoc5ce ) a sort ( contempt & indignation1 z if !y 7 !n b fools1 & ! dupes ( impo/ure4 ,on ! o!r h&1 religion has its own enl>gem5t1 & an enl>gem5t1 n ( tumult1 b ( peace4 ,x is (t5 rem>k$ ( un$ucat$ p]sons1 :o h hi!rto ?\ght little ( ! unse5 _w1 t1 on _! turn+ to ,god1 look+ into !mselves1 regulat+ _! he>ts1 re=m+ _! conduct1 & m$itat+ on dea? & judgm5t1 heav5 & hell1 !y seem to become1 9 po9t ( intellect1 diff]5t be+s f :at !y 74 ,be=e1 !y took ?+s z !y came1 & ?\ght no m ( "o ?+ ?an ano!r4 ,b n[ e ev5t has a mean+2 !y h _! own e/imate ( :atev] happ5s to !m2 !y are m9dful ( times & seasons1 & comp>e ! pres5t ) ! pa/2 & ! _w1 no long] dull1 monoton\s1 unpr(itable1 & hopeless1 is a v>i\s & complicat$ drama1 ) p>ts & an object1 & an awful moral4 ,n[ f ^! in/ances1 to :i* _m m might be add$1 x is pla91 fir/1 t ! communication ( k c]ta9ly is ei!r a condition or ! means ( t s5se ( enl>gem5t or enlight5m5t1 ( :i* at ?is day we he> s mu* 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s3 ?is _c be d5i$2 b next1 x is equally pla91 t su* communication is n ! :ole ( ! process4 ,! enl>gem5t consi/s1 n m]ely 9 ! passive reception into ! m9d ( a numb] ( ideas hi!rto unkn[n to x1 b 9 ! m9d's en]getic & simultane\s action ^u & t[>ds & among ^? new ideas1 :i* are ru%+ 9 ^u x4 ,x is ! action ( a =mative p[]1 r$uc+ to ord] & mean+ ! matt] ( our acquirem5ts2 x is a mak+ ! objects ( our k subjectively our own1 or1 to use a famili> ^w1 x is a dige/ion ( :at we receive1 into ! sub/ance ( our previ\s /ate ( ?\ght2 & )\t ?is no enl>gem5t is said to foll[4 ,!re is no enl>gem5t1 unless !re be a comp>ison ( ideas "o ) ano!r1 z !y come be=e ! m9d1 & a sy/ematis+ ( !m4 ,we feel our m9ds to be gr[+ & exp&+ !n1 :5 we n only le>n1 b ref] :at we le>n to :at we "k already4 ,x is n ! m]e addition to our k t is ! illum9ation2 b ! locomotion1 ! movem5t onw>ds1 ( t m5tal c5tre1 to :i* bo? :at we "k1 & :at we are le>n+1 ! accumulat+ mass ( our acquirem5ts1 gravitates4 ,& !re=e a truly great intellect1 & recognis$ to be su* by ! common op9ion ( mank9d1 su* z ! intellect ( ,ari/otle1 or ( ,/4 ,?omas1 or ( ,newton1 or ( ,goe! 7,i purposely take in/ances )9 & )\t ! ,ca?olic pale1 :5 ,i w\ld speak ( ! intellect z su*71 is "o :i* takes a connect$ view ( old & new1 pa/ & pres5t1 f> & ne>1 & :i* has an insight into ! influ5ce ( all ^! "o on ano!r2 )\t :i* !re is no :ole & no c5tre4 ,x possesses ! k1 n only ( ?+s1 b also ( _! mutual & true relations2 k1 n m]ely consid]$ z acquirem5t b z philosophy4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ?is analytical1 di/ributive1 h>monis+ process is away1 ! m9d exp]i5ces no enl>gem5t1 & is n reckon$ z enlight5$ or compreh5sive1 :atev] x may add to its k4 ,= in/ance1 a great memory1 z ,i h already said1 does n make a philosoph]1 any m ?an a diction>y c be call$ a gramm>4 ,!re are m5 :o embrace 9 _! m9ds a va/ multitude ( ideas1 b ) little s5sibility ab\t _! real relations t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,^! may be antiqu>ians1 annali/s1 naturali/s2 !y may be le>n$ 9 ! law2 !y may be v]s$ 9 /ati/ics2 !y are mo/ useful 9 _! own place2 ,i %\ld %r9k f speak+ disrespectfully ( !m2 /ill1 !re is no?+ 9 su* atta9m5ts to gu>antee ! abs5ce ( n>r[ness ( m9d4 ,if !y are no?+ m ?an well-read m51 or m5 ( in=mation1 !y h n :at specially des]ves ! "n ( culture ( m9d1 or fulfils ! type ( lib]al education4 ,9 l mann]1 we sometimes fall 9 ) p]sons :o h se5 mu* ( ! _w1 & ( ! m5 :o1 9 _! day1 h play$ a conspicu\s "p 9 x1 b :o g5]alise1 no?+1 & h no obs]vation1 9 ! true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,!y ab\nd 9 in=mation 9 detail1 curi\s & ent]ta9+1 ab\t m5 & ?+s2 &1 hav+ liv$ "u ! influ5ce ( no v cle> or settl$ pr9ciples1 religi\s or political1 !y speak ( e "o & e ?+1 only z s _m ph5om5a1 :i* are complete 9 !mselves1 & lead to no?+1 n discuss+ !m1 or tea*+ any tru?1 or in/ruct+ ! he>]1 b simply talk+4 ,no "o w\ld say t ^! p]sons1 well in=m$ z !y are1 _h atta9$ to any great culture ( intellect or to philosophy4 ,! case is ! same /ill m /rik+ly :]e ! p]sons 9 "q are beyond dispute m5 ( inf]ior p[]s & defici5t education4 ,p]haps !y h be5 mu* 9 =eign c\ntries1 & !y receive1 9 a passive1 otiose1 unfruitful way1 ! v>i\s facts :i* are =c$ ^u !m !re4 ,seaf>+ m51 = example1 range f "o end ( ! e>? to ! o!r2 b ! multiplicity ( ext]nal objects1 :i* !y h enc\nt]$1 =ms no symmetrical & consi/5t picture ^u _! imag9ation2 !y see ! tape/ry ( human life1 z x 7 on ! wrong side1 & x tells no /ory4 ,!y sleep1 & !y rise up1 & !y f9d !mselves1 n[ 9 ,europe1 n[ 9 ,asia2 !y see visions ( great cities & wild regions2 !y are 9 ! m>ts ( comm]ce1 or amid ! isl&s ( ! ,s\?2 !y gaze on ,pompey's ,pill>1 or on ! ,&es2 & no?+ :i* meets !m c>ries !m =w>d or backw>d1 to any idea beyond itself4 ,no?+ has a drift or relation2 no?+ has a hi/ory or a promise4 ,e ?+ /&s by itself1 & comes & goes 9 its turn1 l ! %ift+ sc5es ( a %[1 :i* leave ! spectator :]e he 04 ,p]haps y are ne> su* a man on a p>ticul> occasion1 & expect him to be %ock$ or p]plex$ at some?+ :i* occurs2 b "o ?+ is mu* ! same to him z ano!r1 or1 if he is p]plex$1 x is z n kn[+ :at to say1 :e!r x is "r to admire1 or to ridicule or to disapprove1 :ile consci\s t "s expression ( op9ion is expect$ f him2 = 9 fact he has no /&>d ( judgm5t at all1 & no l&m>ks to guide him to a conclusion4 ,su* is m]e acquisition1 &1 ,i repeat1 no "o w\ld dream ( call+ x philosophy4 ,in/ances1 su* z ^!1 confirm1 by ! contra/1 ! conclusion ,i h already drawn f ^? :i* prec$$ !m4 ,t only is true enl>gem5t ( m9d :i* is ! p[] ( view+ _m ?+s at once z "o :ole1 ( ref]r+ !m sev]ally to _! true place 9 ! univ]sal sy/em1 ( und]/&+ _! respective values1 & det]m9+ _! mutual dep5d5ce4 ,?us is t =m ( univ]sal k1 ( :i* ,i h on a =m] occasion spok51 set up 9 ! individual intellect1 & con/itutes its p]fection4 ,possess$ ( ?is real illum9ation1 ! m9d nev] views any "p ( ! ext5d$ subject-matt] ( k )\t recollect+ t x is b a "p1 or )\t ! associations :i* spr+ f ?is recollection4 ,x makes ev]y?+ 9 "s sort lead to ev]y?+ else2 x w\ld communicate ! image ( ! :ole to e sep>ate portion1 till t :ole becomes 9 imag9ation l a _s1 ev]y:]e p]vad+ & p5etrat+ its compon5t p>ts1 & giv+ !m "o def9ite mean+4 ,j z our bodily organs1 :5 m5tion$1 recall _! function 9 ! body1 z ! ^w creation sugge/s ! ,creator1 & subjects a sov]eign1 s1 9 ! m9d ( ! philosoph] z we are ab/ract$ly conceiv+ ( him1 ! elem5ts ( ! physical & moral _w1 sci5ces1 arts1 pursuits1 ranks1 (fices1 ev5ts1 op9ions1 individualities1 are all view$ z "o ) correlative functions1 & z gradually by successive comb9ations conv]g+1 "o & all1 to ! true c5tre4 ,to h ev5 a portion ( ?is illum9ative reason & true philosophy is ! highe/ /ate to :i* nature c aspire1 9 ! way ( intellect2 x puts ! m9d above ! influ5ces ( *ance & necessity1 above anxiety1 susp5se1 unsettlem5t1 & sup]/ition1 :i* is ! lot ( ! _m4 ,m51 ^: m9ds are possess$ ) "s "o object1 take exagg]at$ views ( its importance1 are fev]i% 9 ! pursuit ( x1 make x ! measure ( ?+s :i* are utt]ly =eign to x1 & are />tl$ & despond if x happ5s to fail !m4 ,!y are ev] 9 al>m or 9 transport4 ,^? on ! o!r h& :o h no object or pr9ciple :atev] to hold by1 lose _! way e /ep !y take4 ,!y are ?r[n out1 & d n "k :at to ?9k or say1 at e fre% juncture2 !y h no view ( p]sons1 or occurr5ces1 or facts1 :i* come sudd5ly ^u !m1 & !y hang ^u ! op9ion ( o!rs = want ( int]nal res\rces4 ,b ! intellect1 :i* has be5 discipl9$ to ! p]fection ( its p[]s1 :i* kn[s1 & ?9ks :ile x kn[s1 :i* has le>n$ to leav5 ! d5se mass ( facts & ev5ts ) ! ela/ic =ce ( reason1 su* an intellect _c be p>tial1 _c be exclusive1 _c be impetu\s1 _c be at a loss1 _c b be pati5t1 collect$1 & maje/ically calm1 because x disc]ns ! end 9 e beg9n+1 ! orig9 9 e end1 ! law 9 e int]ruption1 ! limit 9 ea* delay2 because x ev] kn[s :]e x /&s1 & h[ its pa? lies f "o po9t to ano!r4 ,x is ! ,greek3 tetragonos#ac ( ! ,p]ipatetic1 & has ! nil admir>i#ad ( ! ,/oic1-- ,felix qui potuit r]um cognosc]e causas1 ,atque metus omnes1 et inexorabile fatum ,subjecit p$ibus1 /repitumque ,a*]ontis av>i4#ae ,!re are m5 :o1 :5 9 difficulties1 orig9ate at ! mom5t va/ ideas or dazzl+ projects2 :o1 "u ! influ5ce ( excitem5t1 are able to ca/ a light1 almo/ z if f inspiration1 on a subject or c\rse ( action :i* comes be=e !m2 :o h a sudd5 pres5ce ( m9d equal to any em]g5cy1 ris+ ) ! occasion1 & an undaunt$ magnanim\s be>+1 & an en]gy & ke5ness :i* is b made int5se by opposition4 ,?is is g5ius1 ?is is h]oism2 x is ! exhibition ( a natural gift1 :i* no culture c tea*1 at :i* no in/itution c aim3 "h1 on ! contr>y1 we are conc]n$1 n ) m]e nature1 b ) tra9+ & tea*+4 ,t p]fection ( ! intellect1 :i* is ! result ( education1 & its beau ideal1 to be imp>t$ to individuals 9 _! respective measures1 is ! cle>1 calm1 accurate vision & compreh5sion ( all ?+s1 z f> z ! f9ite m9d c embrace !m1 ea* 9 its place1 & ) its own *>act]i/ics ^u x4 ,x is almo/ prophetic f its k ( hi/ory2 x is almo/ he>t-se>*+ f its k ( human nature2 x has almo/ sup]natural *>ity f its fre$om f littl5ess & prejudice2 x has almo/ ! repose ( fai?1 because no?+ c />tle x2 x has almo/ ! beauty & h>mony ( heav5ly contemplation1 s intimate is x ) ! et]nal ord] ( ?+s & ! music ( ! sph]es4 ,& n[1 if ,i may take = grant$ t ! true & adequate end ( intellectual tra9+ & ( a univ]sity is n le>n+ or acquirem5t1 b r1 is ?\ght or reason ex]cis$ ^u k1 or :at may be call$ philosophy1 ,i %all be 9 a position to expla9 ! v>i\s mi/akes :i* at ! pres5t day beset ! subject ( univ]sity education4 ,i say !n1 if we w\ld improve ! intellect1 fir/ ( all1 we mu/ asc5d2 we _c ga9 real k on a level2 we mu/ g5]alise1 we mu/ r$uce to me?od1 we mu/ h a grasp ( pr9ciples1 & gr\p & %ape our acquisitions by means ( !m4 ,x matt]s n :e!r our field ( op]ation be wide or limit$2 9 e case1 to comm& x1 is to m\nt above x4 ,:o has n felt ! irritation ( m9d & impati5ce creat$ by a deep1 ri* c\ntry1 visit$ = ! fir/ "t1 ) w9d+ lanes1 & high h$ges1 & gre5 /eeps1 & tangl$ woods1 & e ?+ smil+ inde$1 b 9 a maze8 ,! same feel+ comes ^u u 9 a /range city1 :5 we h no map ( its /reets4 ,h5ce y he> ( practis$ travell]s1 :5 !y fir/ come into a place1 m\nt+ "s high hill or *ur* t[]1 by way ( reconnoit]+ its neighb\rhood4 ,9 l mann]1 y mu/ be above y\r k1 n "u x1 or x w oppress y2 & ! m y h ( x1 ! great] w be ! load4 ,! le>n+ ( a ,salmasius or a ,burman1 unless y are its ma/]1 w be y\r tyrant4 ,imp]at aut s]vit2#af if y c wield x ) a /rong arm1 x is a great weapon2 o!rwise1 ,vis consili exp]s ,mole ruit su4#ag ,y w be ov]:elm$1 l ,t>peia1 by ! heavy weal? :i* y h exact$ f tribut>y g5]ations4 ,in/ances ab\nd2 !re are au?ors :o are z po9tless z !y are inexhau/ible 9 _! lit]>y res\rces4 ,!y measure k by bulk1 z x lies 9 ! rude block1 )\t symmetry1 )\t design4 ,h[ _m comm5tators are !re on ! classics1 h[ _m on ,holy ,scripture1 f :om we rise up1 wond]+ at ! le>n+ :i* has pass$ be=e u1 & wond]+ :y x pass$6 ,h[ _m writ]s are !re ( ,ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 su* z ,mo%eim or ,du ,p91 :o1 break+ up _! subject into details1 de/roy its life1 & defraud u ( ! :ole by _! anxiety ab\t ! p>ts6 ,! s]mons1 aga91 ( ! ,engli% div9es 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 h[ (t5 are !y m]e rep]tories ( miscellane\s & (fici\s le>n+6 ,( c\rse ,ca?olics also may read )\t ?9k+2 & 9 _! case1 equally z ) ,prote/ants1 x holds good1 t su* k is unwor?y ( ! "n1 k :i* !y h n ?\ght ?r\gh1 & ?\ght out4 ,su* read]s are only possess$ by _! k1 n possess$ ( x2 nay1 9 matt] ( fact !y are (t5 ev5 c>ri$ away by x1 )\t any volition ( _! own4 ,recollect1 ! memory c tyrannise1 z well z ! imag9ation4 ,d]angem5t1 ,i believe1 has be5 consid]$ z a loss ( control ov] ! sequ5ce ( ideas4 ,! m9d1 once set 9 motion1 is h5ce=? depriv$ ( ! p[] ( initiation1 & becomes ! victim ( a tra9 ( associations1 "o ?\ght sugge/+ ano!r1 9 ! way ( cause & effect1 z if by a me*anical process1 or "s physical necessity4 ,no "o1 :o has _h exp]i5ce ( m5 ( /udi\s habits1 b mu/ recognise ! exi/5ce ( a p>allel ph5om5on 9 ! case ( ^? :o h ov]-/imulat$ ! memory4 ,9 su* p]sons reason acts almo/ z feebly & z impot5tly z 9 ! madman2 once fairly />t$ on any subject :atev]1 !y h no p[] ( self-control2 !y passively endure ! succession ( impulses :i* are evolv$ out ( ! orig9al excit+ cause2 !y are pass$ on f "o idea to ano!r & g /eadily =w>d1 plodd+ along "o l9e ( ?\ght 9 spite ( ! ample/ concessions ( ! he>]1 or w&]+ f x 9 endless digression 9 spite ( 8 remon/rances4 ,n[1 if1 z is v c]ta91 no "o w\ld envy ! madman ! gl[ & orig9ality ( 8 conceptions1 :y mu/ we extol ! cultivation ( t intellect :i* is ! prey1 n inde$ ( b>r5 fancies b ( b>r5 facts1 ( r&om intrusions f )\t1 ?\gh n ( morbid imag9ations f )98 ,& 9 ?us speak+1 ,i am n d5y+ t a /rong & ready memory is 9 itself a real treasure2 ,i am n disp>ag+ a well-/or$ m9d1 ?\gh x be no?+ besides1 provid$ x be sob]1 any m ?an ,i w\ld despise a booksell]'s %op3--x is ( great value to o!rs1 ev5 :5 n s to ! own]4 ,nor am ,i bani%+1 f> f x1 ! possessors ( deep & multif>i\s le>n+ f my ideal ,univ]sity2 !y adorn x 9 ! eyes ( m52 ,i d b say t !y con/itute no type ( ! results at :i* x aims2 t x is no great ga9 to ! intellect to h enl>g$ ! memory at ! exp5se ( faculties :i* are indisputably high]4 ,nor inde$ am ,i suppos+ t !re is any great dang]1 at lea/ 9 ?is day1 ( ov]-education2 ! dang] is on ! o!r side4 ,i w tell y1 g5tlem51 :at has be5 ! practical error ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1--n to load ! memory ( ! /ud5t ) a mass ( undige/$ k1 b to =ce ^u him s mu* t he has reject$ all4 ,x has be5 ! error ( di/ract+ & enfeebl+ ! m9d by an unmean+ pr(usion ( subjects2 ( imply+ t a smatt]+ 9 a doz5 bran*es ( /udy is n %all[ness1 :i* x really is1 b enl>gem5t1 :i* x is n2 ( consid]+ an acqua9tance ) ! le>n$ names ( ?+s & p]sons & ! possession ( clev] duodecimos1 & att5dance on eloqu5t lectur]s1 & memb]%ip ) sci5tific in/itutions1 & ! sight ( ! exp]im5ts ( a plat=m & ! specim5s ( a museum1 t all ?is 0 n dissipation ( m9d1 b progress4 ,all ?+s n[ are to be le>n$ at once1 n fir/ "o ?+1 !n ano!r1 n "o well1 b _m badly4 ,le>n+ is to be )\t ex]tion1 )\t att5tion1 )\t toil2 )\t gr\nd+1 )\t advance1 )\t f9i%+4 ,!re is to be no?+ individual 9 x2 & ?is1 =soo?1 is ! wond] ( ! age4 ,:at ! /eam eng9e does ) matt]1 ! pr9t+ press is to d ) ! m9d2 x is to act me*anically1 & ! population is to be passively1 almo/ unconsci\sly enlight5$1 by ! m]e multiplication & dissem9ation ( volumes4 ,:e!r x be ! s*ool boy1 or ! s*ool girl1 or ! y\? at college1 or ! me*anic 9 ! t[n1 or ! politician 9 ! s5ate1 all h be5 ! victims 9 "o way or o!r ( ?is mo/ prepo/]\s & p]nici\s ( delusions4 ,wise m5 h lift$ up _! voices 9 va92 & at l5g?1 le/ _! own in/itutions %\ld be out%one & %\ld disappe> 9 ! folly ( ! h\r1 !y h be5 oblig$1 z f> z !y c\ld ) a good consci5ce1 to hum\r a _s :i* !y c\ld n )/&1 & make temporis+ concessions at :i* !y c\ld n b inw>dly smile4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t1 because ,i s speak1 !re=e ,i h "s sort ( fe> ( ! education ( ! p3 on ! contr>y1 ! m education !y h1 ! bett]1 s t x is really education4 ,nor am ,i an enemy to ! *eap publication ( sci5tific & lit]>y works1 :i* is n[ 9 vogue3 on ! contr>y1 ,i consid] x a great advantage1 conv5i5ce1 & ga92 t is1 to ^? to :om education has giv5 a capacity = us+ !m4 ,fur!r1 ,i consid] su* innoc5t recreations z sci5ce & lit]ature are able to furni% w be a v fit occupation ( ! ?\ghts & ! leisure ( "y p]sons1 & may be made ! means ( keep+ !m f bad employm5ts & bad companions4 ,moreov]1 z to t sup]ficial acqua9tance ) *emi/ry1 & geology1 & a/ronomy1 & political economy1 & mod]n hi/ory1 & biography1 & o!r bran*es ( k1 :i* p]iodical lit]ature & occasional lectures & sci5tific in/itutions diffuse ?r\gh ! community1 ,i ?9k x a graceful accompli%m5t1 & a suitable1 nay1 9 ?is day a necess>y accompli%m5t1 9 ! case ( educat$ m54 ,nor1 la/ly1 am ,i disp>ag+ or disc\rag+ ! ?or\gh acquisition ( any "o ( ^! /udies1 or d5y+ t1 z f> z x goes1 su* ?or\gh acquisition is a real education ( ! m9d4 ,all ,i say is1 call ?+s by _! "r names1 & d n confuse toge!r ideas :i* are ess5tially diff]5t4 ,a ?or\gh k ( "o sci5ce & a sup]ficial acqua9tance ) _m1 are n ! same ?+2 a smatt]+ ( a hundr$ ?+s or a memory = detail1 is n a philosophical or compreh5sive view4 ,recreations are n education2 accompli%m5ts are n education4 ,d n say1 ! p mu/ be educat$1 :51 aft] all1 y only mean amus$1 refre%$1 soo!d1 put into good spirits & good hum\r1 or kept f vici\s excesses4 ,i d n say t su* amusem5ts1 su* occupations ( m9d1 are n a great ga92 b !y are n education4 ,y may z well call draw+ & f5c+ education z a g5]al k ( botany or con*ology4 ,/uff+ birds or play+ /r+$ in/rum5ts is an elegant pa/ime1 & a res\rce to ! idle1 b x is n education2 x does n =m or cultivate ! intellect4 ,education is a high ^w2 x is ! prep>ation = k1 & x is ! imp>t+ ( k 9 proportion to t prep>ation4 ,we require intellectual eyes to "k )al1 z bodily eyes = sight4 ,we ne$ bo? objects & organs intellectual2 we _c ga9 !m )\t sett+ ab\t x2 we _c ga9 !m 9 our sleep1 or by haphaz>d4 ,! be/ telescope does n disp5se ) eyes2 ! pr9t+ press or ! lecture room w assi/ u greatly1 b we mu/ be true to ourselves1 we mu/ be p>ties 9 ! "w4 ,a univ]sity is1 accord+ to ! usual designation1 an alma mat]1 kn[+ h] *ildr5 "o by "o1 n a f\ndry1 or a m9t1 or a treadmill4 ,i prote/ to y1 g5tlem51 t if ,i _h to *oose betwe5 a s-call$ univ]sity1 :i* disp5s$ ) resid5ce & tutorial sup]9t5d5ce1 & gave its degrees to any p]son :o pass$ an exam9ation 9 a wide range ( subjects1 & a univ]sity :i* _h no pr(essors or exam9ations at all1 b m]ely br\ght a numb] ( "y m5 toge!r = ?ree or f\r ye>s1 & !n s5t !m away z ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d is said to h done "s sixty ye>s s9ce1 if ,i 7 ask$ :i* ( ^! two me?ods 0 ! bett] discipl9e ( ! intellect1--m9d1 ,i d n say :i* is morally ! bett]1 = x is pla9 t compulsory /udy mu/ be a good & idl5ess an intol]able mis*ief1--b if ,i mu/ det]m9e :i* ( ! two c\rses 0 ! m successful 9 tra9+1 m\ld+1 enl>g+ ! m9d1 :i* s5t out m5 ! m fitt$ = _! secul> duties1 :i* produc$ bett] public m51 m5 ( ! _w1 m5 ^: names w\ld desc5d to po/]ity1 ,i h no hesitation 9 giv+ ! pref]5ce to t univ]sity :i* did no?+1 ov] t :i* exact$ ( its memb]s an acqua9tance ) e sci5ce "u ! sun4 ,&1 p>adox z ?is may seem1 /ill if results be ! te/ ( sy/ems1 ! influ5ce ( ! public s*ools & colleges ( ,engl&1 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ c5tury1 at lea/ w be> out "o side ( ! contra/ z ,i h drawn x4 ,:at w\ld come1 on ! o!r h&1 ( ! ideal sy/ems ( education :i* h fasc9at$ ! imag9ation ( ?is age1 c\ld !y ev] take effect1 & :e!r !y w\ld n produce a g5]ation frivol\s1 n>r[-m9d$1 & res\rceless1 intellectually consid]$1 is a fair subject = debate2 b s f> is c]ta91 t ! univ]sities & s*ola/ic e/abli%m5ts1 to :i* ,i ref]1 & :i* did little m ?an br+ toge!r fir/ boys & !n y\?s 9 l>ge numb]s1 ^! in/itutions1 ) mis]able de=mities on ! side ( morals1 ) a holl[ pr(ession ( ,*ri/ianity1 & a hea!n code ( e?ics1--,i say1 at lea/ !y c boa/ ( a succession ( h]oes & /atesm51 ( lit]>y m5 & philosoph]s1 ( m5 conspicu\s = great natural virtues1 = habits ( bus9ess1 = k ( life1 = practical judgm5t1 = cultivat$ ta/es1 = accompli%m5ts1 :o h made ,engl& :at x is1--able to subdue ! e>?1 able to dom9e] ov] ,ca?olics4 ,h[ is ?is to be expla9$8 ,i suppose z foll[s3 ,:5 a multitude ( "y m51 ke51 op5-he>t$1 sympa!tic1 & obs]vant1 z "y m5 are1 come toge!r & freely mix ) ea* o!r1 !y are sure to le>n "o f ano!r1 ev5 if !re be no "o to tea* !m2 ! conv]sation ( all is a s]ies ( lectures to ea*1 & !y ga9 = !mselves new ideas & views1 fre% matt] ( ?\ght1 & di/9ct pr9ciples = judg+ & act+1 day by day4 ,an infant has to le>n ! mean+ ( ! in=mation :i* its s5ses convey to x1 & ?is seems to be its employm5t4 ,x fancies all t ! eye pres5ts to x to be close to x1 till x actually le>ns ! contr>y1 & ?us by practice does x asc]ta9 ! relations & uses ( ^? fir/ elem5ts ( k :i* are necess>y = its animal exi/5ce4 ,a p>allel tea*+ is necess>y = our social be+1 & x is secur$ by a l>ge s*ool or a college2 & ?is effect may be fairly call$ 9 its own dep>tm5t an enl>gem5t ( m9d4 ,x is see+ ! _w on a small field ) little tr\ble2 = ! pupils or /ud5ts come f v diff]5t places1 & ) widely diff]5t notions1 & !re is mu* to g5]alise1 mu* to adju/1 mu* to elim9ate1 !re are int]-relations to be def9$1 & conv5tional rules to be e/abli%$1 9 ! process1 by :i* ! :ole assemblage is m\ld$ toge!r1 & ga9s "o tone & "o "*4 ,let x be cle>ly und]/ood1 ,i repeat x1 t ,i am n tak+ into acc\nt moral or religi\s consid]ations2 ,i am b say+ t t y\?ful community w con/itute a :ole1 x w embody a specific idea1 x w repres5t a doctr9e1 x w adm9i/] a code ( conduct1 & x w furni% pr9ciples ( ?\ght & action4 ,x w give bir? to a liv+ tea*+1 :i* 9 c\rse ( "t w take ! %ape ( a self-p]petuat+ tradition1 or a g5ius loci1#ah z x is sometimes call$2 :i* haunts ! home :]e x has be5 born1 & :i* imbues & =ms m or less1 & "o by "o1 e individual :o is successively br\ght "u its %ad[4 ,?us x is t1 indep5d5t ( direct in/ruction on ! "p ( sup]iors1 !re is a sort ( self-education 9 ! academic in/itutions ( ,prote/ant ,engl&2 a *>act]i/ic tone ( ?\ght1 a recognis$ /&>d ( judgm5t is f\nd 9 !m1 :i*1 z develop$ 9 ! individual :o is submitt$ to x1 becomes a tw(old s\rce ( /r5g? to him1 bo? f ! di/9ct /amp x impresses on 8 m9d1 & f ! bond ( union :i* x creates betwe5 him & o!rs1--effects :i* are %>$ by ! au?orities ( ! place1 = !y !mselves h be5 educat$ 9 x1 & at all times are expos$ to ! influ5ce ( its e?ical atmosph]e4 ,"h !n is a real tea*+1 :atev] be its /&>ds & pr9ciples1 true or false2 & x at lea/ t5ds t[>ds cultivation ( ! intellect2 x at lea/ recognises t k is some?+ m ?an a sort ( passive reception ( scraps & details2 x is a some?+1 & x does a some?+1 :i* nev] w issue f ! mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts ( a set ( tea*]s ) no mutual sympa?ies & no int]communion1 ( a set ( exam9]s ) no op9ions :i* !y d>e pr(ess1 & ) no common pr9ciples1 :o are tea*+ or que/ion+ a set ( y\?s :o d n "k !m1 & d n "k ea* o!r1 on a l>ge numb] ( subjects1 diff]5t 9 k9d1 & connect$ by no wide philosophy1 ?ree times a week1 or ?ree times a ye>1 or once 9 ?ree ye>s1 9 *ill lecture-rooms or on a pomp\s anniv]s>y4 ,nay1 self-education 9 any %ape1 9 ! mo/ re/rict$ s5se1 is pref]able to a sy/em ( tea*+ :i*1 pr(ess+ s mu*1 really does s little = ! m9d4 ,%ut y\r college gates aga9/ ! vot>y ( k1 ?r[ him back ^u ! se>*+s & ! ef=ts ( 8 own m9d2 he w ga9 by be+ sp>$ an entrance into y\r babel4 ,few inde$ !re are :o c disp5se ) ! /imulus & support ( in/ructors1 or w d any?+ at all1 if left to !mselves4 ,& few] /ill 7?\gh su* great m9ds are to be f\nd71 :o w n1 f su* unassi/$ attempts1 contract a self-reliance & a self-e/eem1 :i* are n only moral evils1 b s]i\s h9drances to ! atta9m5t ( tru?4 ,& next to none1 p]haps1 or none1 :o w n be rem9d$ f "t to "t ( ! disadvantage "u :i* !y lie1 by _! imp]fect gr\nd+1 by ! breaks1 defici5cies1 & irregul>ities ( _! k1 by ! ecc5tricity ( op9ion & ! confusion ( pr9ciple :i* !y exhibit4 ,!y w be too (t5 ignorant ( :at e "o kn[s & takes = grant$1 ( t multitude ( small tru?s :i* fall ^u ! m9d l du/1 impalpable & ev] accumulat+2 !y may be unable to conv]se1 !y may argue p]v]sely1 !y may pride !mselves on _! wor/ p>adoxes or _! grosse/ truisms1 !y may be full ( _! own mode ( view+ ?+s1 unwill+ to be put out ( _! way1 sl[ to ent] into ! m9ds ( o!rs2--b1 ) ^! & :atev] o!r liabilities ^u _! heads1 !y are likely to h m ?\ght1 m m9d1 m philosophy1 m true enl>gem5t1 ?an ^? e>ne/ b ill-us$ p]sons :o are =c$ to load _! m9ds ) a score ( subjects aga9/ an exam9ation1 :o h too mu* on _! h&s to indulge !mselves 9 ?9k+ or inve/igation1 :o dev\r premise & conclusion toge!r ) indiscrim9ate gre$9ess1 :o hold :ole sci5ces on fai?1 & commit demon/rations to memory1 & :o too (t51 z might be expect$1 :5 _! p]iod ( education is pass$1 ?r[ up all !y h le>n$ 9 disgu/1 hav+ ga9$ no?+ really by _! anxi\s lab\rs1 except p]haps ! habit ( application4 ,yet su* is ! bett] specim5 ( ! fruit ( t ambiti\s sy/em :i* has ( late ye>s be5 mak+ way among u3 = its result on ord9>y m9ds1 & on ! common run ( /ud5ts1 is less satisfactory /ill2 !y leave _! place ( education simply dissipat$ & relax$ by ! multiplicity ( subjects1 :i* !y h nev] really ma/]$1 & s %all[ z n ev5 to "k _! %all[ness4 ,h[ mu* bett]1 ,i say1 x is = ! active & ?\ghtful intellect1 :]e su* is to be f\nd1 to es*ew ! college & ! univ]sity altoge!r1 ?an to submit to a drudg]y s ignoble1 a mock]y s contumeli\s6 ,h[ mu* m pr(itable = ! indep5d5t m9d1 aft] ! m]e rudim5ts ( education1 to range ?r\gh a libr>y at r&om1 tak+ d[n books z !y meet him1 & pursu+ ! tra9s ( ?\ght :i* 8 "m wit sugge/s6 ,h[ mu* heal?i] to w&] into ! fields1 & !re ) ! exil$ pr9ce to f9d tongues 9 ! trees1 books 9 ! runn+ brooks6 ,h[ mu* m g5u9e an education is t ( ! poor boy 9 ! poem#ai--;a poem1 :e!r 9 conception or execution1 "o ( ! mo/ t\*+ 9 our language--:o1 n 9 ! wide _w1 b rang+ day by day ar\nd 8 wid[$ "m's home1 a dextr\s glean] 9 a n>r[ field & ) only su* sl5d] outfit z ! village s*ool & books a few ,suppli$1 contriv$ f ! bea*1 & ! quay1 & ! fi%]'s boat1 & ! inn's fireside1 & ! tradesman's %op1 & ! %eph]d's walk1 & ! smuggl]'s hut1 & ! mossy moor1 & ! scream+ gulls1 & ! re/less waves1 to fa%ion = himself a philosophy & a poetry ( 8 own6 ,b 9 a l>ge subject1 ,i am exce$+ my necess>y limits4 ,g5tlem51 ,i mu/ conclude abruptly2 & po/pone any summ+ up ( my argum5t1 %\ld t be necess>y1 to ano!r day4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #aa3 ,disc\rse ,,vi 9 ,! ,idea ( a ,univ]sity1 #aheb4 ,footnote #ab3 ,prima-facie3 bas$ on "o's fir/ impression4 ,footnote #ac3 ,f\r-squ>e4 ,footnote #ad3 ,to be mov$ by no?+4 ,footnote #ae3 ,happy is he :o has come to "k ! sequ5ces ( ?+s1 & is ?us above all fe> & ! dread m>* ( fate & ! ro> ( gre$y ,a*]on4 ,footnote #af3 ,x rules or x s]ves4 ,footnote #ag3 ,brute =ce )\t intellig5ce falls by its own weight4 ,footnote #ah3 ,g5ius loci3 _s ( ! place4 ,footnote #ai3 ,crabbe's ,tales ( ! ,hall4 ,?is poem1 let me say1 ,i read on its fir/ publication1 above ?irty ye>s ago1 ) extreme delight1 & h nev] lo/ my love ( x2 & on tak+ x up lately1 f\nd ,i 0 ev5 m t\*$ by x ?an h]et(ore4 ,a "w :i* c please 9 y\? & age1 seems to fulfil 79 logical language7 ! accid5tal def9ition ( a classic4 7,a fur!r c\rse ( tw5ty ye>s has pass$1 & ,i be> ! same witness 9 fav\r ( ?is poem47 ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,sci5ce#bj ,,mat!w ,,arnold ,practical p talk ) a smile ( ,plato & ( 8 absolute ideas2 & x is impossible to d5y t ,plato's ideas d (t5 seem unpractical & impracticable1 & especially :5 "o views !m 9 connection ) ! life ( a great workaday _w l ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! necess>y /aple ( ! life ( su* a _w ,plato reg>ds ) disda92 h&icraft & trade & ! work+ pr(essions he reg>ds ) disda92 b :at becomes ( ! life ( an indu/rial mod]n community if y take h&icraft & trade & ! work+ pr(essions out ( x8 ,! base me*anic arts & h&icrafts1 says ,plato1 br+ ab\t a natural weakness 9 ! pr9ciple ( excell5ce 9 a man1 s t he _c gov]n ! ignoble gr[?s 9 him1 b nurses !m1 & _c und]/& fo/]+ any o!r4 ,^? :o ex]cise su* arts & trades1 z !y h _! bodies1 he says1 m>r$ by _! vulg> bus9esses1 s !y h _! s\ls1 too1 b[$ & brok5 by !m4 ,& if "o ( ^! uncomely p has a m9d to seek self-culture & philosophy1 ,plato comp>es him to a bald little t9k]1 :o has scrap$ toge!r money1 & has got 8 release f s]vice1 & has _h a ba?1 & b\ght a new coat1 & is rigg$ out l a bridegroom ab\t to m>ry ! daught] ( 8 ma/] :o has fall5 into poor & helpless e/ate4 ,nor d ! work+ pr(essions f>e any bett] ?an trade at ! h&s ( ,plato4 ,he draws = u an inimitable picture ( ! work+ lawy]1 & ( 8 life ( bondage2 he %[s h[ ?is bondage f 8 y\? up has /unt$ & w>p$ him1 & made him small & crook$ ( s\l1 encompass+ him ) difficulties :i* he is n man en\gh to rely on ju/ice & tru? z means to enc\nt]1 b has rec\rse1 = help out ( !m1 to falsehood & wrong4 ,& s1 says ,plato1 ?is poor creature is b5t & brok51 & gr[s up f boy to man )\t a p>ticle ( s\ndness 9 him1 al?\gh exce$+ly sm>t & clev] 9 8 own e/eem4 ,"o _c refuse to admire ! arti/ :o draws ^! pictures4 ,b we say to ourselves t 8 ideas %[ ! influ5ce ( a primitive & obsolete ord] ( ?+s1 :5 ! w>rior ca/e & ! prie/ly ca/e 7 alone 9 hon\r1 & ! humble "w ( ! _w 0 done by slaves4 ,we h n[ *ang$ all t2 ! mod]n majority consi/s 9 "w1 z ,em]son decl>es2 & 9 "w1 we may add1 pr9cipally ( su* pla9 & du/y k9d z ! "w ( cultivators ( ! gr\nd1 h&icraftsm51 m5 ( trade & bus9ess1 m5 ( ! work+ pr(essions4 ,above all is ?is true 9 a great indu/ri\s community su* z t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,n[ education1 _m p g on to say1 is /ill ma9ly gov]n$ by ! ideas ( m5 l ,plato1 :o liv$ :5 ! w>rior ca/e & ! prie/ly or philosophical class 7 alone 9 hon\r1 & ! really useful "p ( ! community 7 slaves4 ,x is an education fitt$ = p]sons ( leisure 9 su* a community4 ,?is education pass$ f ,greece & ,rome to ! feudal communities ( ,europe1 :]e also ! w>rior ca/e & ! prie/ly ca/e 7 alone held 9 hon\r1 & :]e ! really useful & work+ "p ( ! community1 ?\gh n nom9ally slaves z 9 ! pagan _w1 7 practically n mu* bett] (f ?an slaves1 & n m s]i\sly reg>d$4 ,& h[ absurd x is1 p end by say+1 to inflict ?is education ^u an indu/ri\s mod]n community1 :]e v few inde$ are p]sons ( leisure1 & ! mass to be consid]$ has n leisure1 b is b\nd1 = its own great good1 & = ! great good ( ! _w at l>ge1 to pla9 lab\r & to indu/rial pursuits1 & ! education 9 "q t5ds necess>ily to make m5 dissatisfi$ ) ^! pursuits & unfitt$ = !m6 ,t is :at is said4 ,s f> ,i mu/ def5d ,plato1 z to plead t 8 view ( education & /udies is 9 ! g5]al1 z x seems to me1 s\nd en\gh1 & fitt$ = all sorts & conditions ( m51 :atev] _! pursuits may be4 ,an intellig5t man1 says ,plato1 w prize ^? /udies :i* result 9 8 s\l gett+ sob]ness1 righte\sness1 & wisdom1 & w less value ! o!rs4 ,i _c consid] t a bad description ( ! aim ( education1 & ( ! motives :i* %\ld gov]n u 9 ! *oice ( /udies1 :e!r we are prep>+ ourselves = a h]$it>y seat 9 ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,lords or = ! pork trade 9 ,*icago4 ,/ill ,i admit t ,plato's _w 0 n ours1 t 8 scorn ( trade & h&icraft is fanta/ic1 t he _h no conception ( a great indu/rial community su* z t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & t su* a community mu/ & w %ape its education to suit its own ne$s4 ,if ! usual education h&$ d[n to x f ! pa/ does n suit x1 x w c]ta9ly be=e long drop ?is & try ano!r4 ,! usual education 9 ! pa/ has be5 ma9ly lit]>y4 ,! "q is :e!r ! /udies :i* 7 long suppos$ to be ! be/ = all ( u are practically ! be/ n[2 :e!r o!rs are n bett]4 ,! tyranny ( ! pa/1 _m ?9k1 weighs on u injuri\sly 9 ! pr$om9ance giv5 to lett]s 9 education4 ,! "q is rais$ :e!r1 to meet ! ne$s ( our mod]n life1 ! pr$om9ance ought n n[ to pass f lett]s to sci5ce2 & naturally ! "q is n[h]e rais$ ) m en]gy ?an "h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! design ( abas+ :at is call$ m]e lit]>y in/ruction & education1 & ( exalt+ :at is call$ s\nd1 ext5sive1 & practical sci5tific k1 is1 9 ?is int5sely mod]n _w ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ev5 m p]haps ?an 9 ,europe1 a v popul> design1 & makes great & rapid progress4 ,i am go+ to ask :e!r ! pres5t movem5t = ou/+ lett]s f _! old pr$om9ance 9 education1 & = transf]r+ ! pr$om9ance 9 education to ! natural sci5ces2 :e!r ?is brisk & fl\ri%+ movem5t ought to prevail1 & :e!r x is likely t 9 ! end x really w prevail4 ,an objection may be rais$ :i* ,i w anticipate4 ,my own /udies h be5 almo/ :olly 9 lett]s1 & my visits to ! field ( ! natural sci5ces h be5 v slight & inadequate1 al?\gh ^? sci5ces h always /rongly mov$ my curiosity4 ,a man ( lett]s1 x w p]haps be said1 is n compet5t to discuss ! comp>ative m]its ( lett]s & natural sci5ce z means ( education4 ,to ?is objection ,i reply1 fir/ ( all1 t 8 incompet5ce if he attempts ! discussion b is really incompet5t = x1 w be abundantly visible2 nobody w be tak5 92 he w h pl5ty ( %>p obs]v]s & critics to save mank9d f t dang]4 ,b ! l9e ,i am go+ to foll[ is1 z y w soon discov]1 s extremely simple1 t p]haps x may be foll[$ )\t failure ev5 by "o :o = a m ambiti\s l9e ( discussion w\ld be q incompet5t4 ,"s ( y may possibly rememb] a phrase ( m9e :i* has be5 ! object ( a good deal ( comm5t2 an obs]vation to ! effect t 9 our culture1 ! aim be+ to "k ourselves & ! _w1 we h1 z ! means to ?is end1 to "k ! be/ :i* has be5 ?\ght & said 9 ! _w4 ,a man ( sci5ce1 :o is also an excell5t writ] & ! v pr9ce ( debat]s1 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 9 a disc\rse at ! op5+ ( ,sir ,josiah ,mason's ,college at ,birm+ham1 lay+ hold ( ?is phrase1 exp&$ x by quot+ "s m words ( m9e1 :i* are ^!3 ,! civilis$ _w is to be reg>d$ z n[ be+1 = intellectual & spiritual purposes1 "o great conf$]ation1 b\nd to a jo9t action & work+ to a common result2 & ^: memb]s h = _! prop] outfit a k ( ,greek1 ,roman1 & ,ea/]n antiquity1 & ( "o ano!r4 ,special local & tempor>y advantages be+ put out ( acc\nt1 t mod]n nation w 9 ! intellectual & spiritual sph]e make mo/ progress1 :i* mo/ ?or\ghly c>ries out ?is programme4 ,n[ on my phrase1 ?us enl>g$1 ,pr(essor ,huxley rem>ks t :5 ,i speak ( ! above-m5tion$ k z enabl+ u to "k ourselves & ! _w1 ,i ass]t lit]ature to conta9 ! mat]ials :i* suffice = ?us mak+ u "k ourselves & ! _w4 ,b x is n by any means cle>1 says he1 t aft] hav+ le>n$ all :i* anci5t & mod]n lit]atures h to tell u1 we h laid a suffici5tly broad & deep f\ndation = t criticism ( life1 t k ( ourselves & ! _w1 :i* con/itutes culture4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,pr(essor ,huxley decl>es t he f9ds himself :olly unable to admit t ei!r nations or individuals w really advance1 if _! outfit draws no?+ f ! /ores ( physical sci5ce4 ,an army )\t weapons ( precision1 & ) no p>ticul> base ( op]ations1 might m hopefully ent] ^u a campaign on ! ,rh9e1 ?an a man1 devoid ( a k ( :at physical sci5ce has done 9 ! la/ c5tury1 ^u a criticism ( life4 ,?is %[s h[ ne$ful x is = ^? :o are to discuss any matt] toge!r1 to h a common und]/&+ z to ! s5se ( ! t]ms !y employ1--h[ ne$ful1 & h[ difficult4 ,:at ,pr(essor ,huxley says1 implies j ! reproa* :i* is s (t5 br\ght aga9/ ! /udy ( belles lettres1 z !y are call$3 t ! /udy is an elegant "o1 b slight & ineffectual2 a smatt]+ ( ,greek & ,lat9 & o!r ornam5tal ?+s1 ( little use = any "o ^: object is to get at tru?1 & to be a practical man4 ,s1 too1 ,m4 ,r5an talks ( ! sup]ficial humanism ( a s*ool c\rse :i* treats u z if we 7 all go+ to be poets1 writ]s1 prea*]s1 orators1 & he opposes ?is humanism to positive sci5ce1 or ! critical se>* aft] tru?4 ,& !re is always a t5d5cy 9 ^? :o are remon/rat+ aga9/ ! pr$om9ance ( lett]s 9 education1 to und]/& by lett]s belles lettres1 & by belles lettres a sup]ficial humanism1 ! opposite ( sci5ce or true k4 ,b :5 we talk ( kn[+ ,greek & ,roman antiquity1 = in/ance1 :i* is ! k p h call$ ! humanities1 ,i = my "p mean a k :i* is some?+ m ?an a sup]ficial humanism1 ma9ly decorative4 ,i call all tea*+ sci5tific1 says ,wolf1 ! critic ( ,hom]1 :i* is sy/ematically laid out & foll[$ up to its orig9al s\rces4 ,= example3 a k ( classical antiquity is sci5tific :5 ! rema9s ( classical antiquity are correctly /udi$ 9 ! orig9al languages4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ,wolf is p]fectly "r2 t all le>n+ is sci5tific :i* is sy/ematically laid out & foll[$ up to its orig9al s\rces1 & t a g5u9e humanism is sci5tific4 ,:5 ,i speak ( kn[+ ,greek & ,roman antiquity1 !re=e1 z a help to kn[+ ourselves & ! _w1 ,i mean m ?an a k ( s mu* vocabul>y1 s mu* gramm>1 s _m portions ( au?ors 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 languages2 ,i mean kn[+ ! ,greeks & ,romans1 & _! life & g5ius1 & :at !y 7 & did 9 ! _w2 :at we get f !m1 & :at is its value3 ,t1 at lea/1 is ! ideal2 & :5 we talk ( endeav\r+ to "k ,greek & ,roman antiquity1 z a help to kn[+ ourselves & ! _w1 we mean endeav\r+ s to "k !m z to satisfy ?is ideal1 h[ev] mu* we may /ill fall %ort ( x4 ,! same also z to kn[+ our own & o!r mod]n nations1 ) ! l aim ( gett+ to und]/& ourselves & ! _w4 ,to "k ! be/ t has be5 ?\ght & said by ! mod]n nations1 is to "k1 says ,pr(essor ,huxley1 only :at mod]n lit]atures h to tell u2 x is ! criticism ( life conta9$ 9 mod]n lit]ature4 ,& yet ! di/9ctive "* ( our times1 he urges1 lies 9 ! va/ & con/antly increas+ "p :i* is play$ by natural k4 ,& h[1 !re=e1 c a man1 devoid ( k ( :at physical sci5ce has done 9 ! la/ c5tury1 ent] hopefully ^u a criticism ( mod]n life8 ,let u1 ,i say1 be agre$ ab\t ! mean+ ( ! t]ms we are us+4 ,i talk ( kn[+ ! be/ :i* has be5 ?\ght & utt]$ 9 ! _w2 ,pr(essor ,huxley says ?is means kn[+ lit]ature4 ,lit]ature is a l>ge ^w2 x may mean ev]y?+ writt5 ) lett]s or pr9t$ 9 a book4 ,euclid's ,elem5ts & ,newton's ,pr9cipia are ?us lit]ature4 ,all k t rea*es u ?r\gh books is lit]ature4 ,b by lit]ature ,pr(essor ,huxley means belles lettres4 ,he means to make me say1 t kn[+ ! be/ :i* has be5 ?\ght & said by ! mod]n nations is kn[+ _! belles lettres & no m4 ,& ?is is no suffici5t equipm5t1 he argues1 = a criticism ( mod]n life4 ,b z ,i d n mean1 by kn[+ anci5t ,rome1 kn[+ m]ely m or less ( ,lat9 belles lettres1 & tak+ no acc\nt ( ,rome's milit>y1 & political1 & legal1 & adm9i/rative "w 9 ! _w2 & z1 by kn[+ anci5t ,greece1 ,i und]/& kn[+ h] z ! giv] ( ,greek art1 & ! guide to a free & "r use ( reason & to sci5tific me?od1 & ! f\nd] ( our ma!matics & physics & a/ronomy & biology1--,i und]/& kn[+ h] z all ?is1 & n m]ely kn[+ c]ta9 ,greek poems1 & hi/ories1 & treatises1 & spee*es1--s z to ! k ( mod]n nations also4 ,by kn[+ mod]n nations1 ,i mean n m]ely kn[+ _! belles lettres1 b kn[+ also :at has be5 done by su* m5 z ,cop]nicus1 ,galileo1 ,newton1 ,d>w94 ,our ance/ors le>n$1 says ,pr(essor ,huxley1 t ! e>? is ! c5tre ( ! visible univ]se1 & t man is ! cynosure ( ?+s t]re/rial2 & m especially 0 x inculcat$ t ! c\rse ( nature has no fix$ ord]1 b t x c\ld be1 & con/antly 01 alt]$4 ,b = u n[1 cont9ues ,pr(essor ,huxley1 ! notions ( ! beg9n+ & ! end ( ! _w ent]ta9$ by our =efa!rs are no long] cr$ible4 ,x is v c]ta9 t ! e>? is n ! *ief body 9 ! mat]ial univ]se1 & t ! _w is n subord9at$ to man's use4 ,x is ev5 m c]ta9 t nature is ! expression ( a def9ite ord]1 ) :i* no?+ int]f]es4 ,& yet1 he cries1 ! purely classical education advocat$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! humani/s 9 our day gives no inkl+ ( all ?is6 ,9 due place & "t ,i w j t\* ^u t vex$ "q ( classical education2 b at pres5t ! "q is z to :at is meant by kn[+ ! be/ :i* mod]n nations h ?\ght & said4 ,x is n kn[+ _! belles lettres m]ely :i* is meant4 ,to "k ,italian belles lettres is n to "k ,italy1 & to "k ,engli% belles lettres is n to "k ,engl&4 ,into kn[+ ,italy & ,engl& !re comes a great deal m1 ,galileo & ,newton among/ x4 ,! reproa* ( be+ a sup]ficial humanism1 a t9cture ( belles lettres1 may atta* rightly en\gh to "s o!r discipl9es2 b to ! p>ticul> discipl9e recomm5d$ :5 ,i propos$ kn[+ ! be/ t has be5 ?\ght & said 9 ! _w1 x does n apply4 ,9 t be/ ,i c]ta9ly include :at 9 mod]n times has be5 ?\ght & said by ! great obs]v]s & kn[]s ( nature4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 really no "q betwe5 ,pr(essor ,huxley & me z to :e!r kn[+ ! great results ( ! mod]n sci5tific /udy ( nature is n requir$ z a "p ( our culture1 z well z kn[+ ! products ( lit]ature & art4 ,b to foll[ ! processes by :i* ^? results are rea*$1 ought1 say ! fri5ds ( physical sci5ce1 to be made ! /aple ( education = ! bulk ( mank9d4 ,& "h !re does arise a "q betwe5 ^? :om ,pr(essor ,huxley calls ) playful s>casm ! ,levites ( culture1 & ^? :om ! poor humani/ is sometimes apt to reg>d z its ,nebu*adnezz>s4 ,! great results ( ! sci5tific inve/igation ( nature we are agre$ ^u kn[+1 b h[ mu* ( our /udy are we b\nd to give to ! processes by :i* ^? results are rea*$8 ,! results h _! visible be>+ on human life4 ,b all ! processes1 too1 all ! items ( fact by :i* ^? results are rea*$ & e/abli%$1 are int]e/+4 ,all k is int]e/+ to a wise man1 & ! k ( nature is int]e/+ to all m54 ,x is v int]e/+ to "k1 t1 f ! album9\s :ite ( ! egg1 ! *ick 9 ! egg gets ! mat]ials = its fle%1 bones1 blood1 & fea!rs2 :ile1 f ! fatty yolk ( ! egg1 x gets ! heat & en]gy :i* enable x at l5g? to break its %ell & beg9 ! _w4 ,x is less int]e/+1 p]haps1 b /ill x is int]e/+1 to "k t :5 a tap] burns1 ! wax is conv]t$ into c>bonic acid & wat]4 ,moreov]1 x is q true t ! habit ( deal+ ) facts1 :i* is giv5 by ! /udy ( nature1 is1 z ! fri5ds ( physical sci5ce praise x = be+1 an excell5t discipl9e4 ,! appeal1 9 ! /udy ( nature1 is con/antly to obs]vation & exp]im5t2 n only is x said t ! ?+ is s1 b we c be made to see t x is s4 ,n only does a man tell u t :5 a tap] burns ! wax is conv]t$ into c>bonic acid & wat]1 z a man may tell u1 if he likes1 t ,*>on is punt+ 8 f]ry boat on ! riv] ,/yx1 or t ,victor ,hugo is a sublime poet1 or ,mr4 ,glad/one ! mo/ admirable ( /atesm52 b we are made to see t ! conv]sion into c>bonic acid & wat] does actually happ54 ,?is reality ( natural k x is1 :i* makes ! fri5ds ( physical sci5ce contra/ x1 z a k ( ?+s1 ) ! humani/'s k1 :i* is1 !y say1 a k ( words4 ,& h5ce ,pr(essor ,huxley is mov$ to lay x d[n t1 = ! purpose ( atta9+ real culture1 an exclusively sci5tific education is at lea/ z effectual z an exclusively lit]>y education4 ,& a c]ta9 ,presid5t ( ! ,section = ,me*anical ,sci5ce 9 ! ,briti% ,association is1 9 ,scripture phrase1 v bold1 & decl>es t if a man1 9 8 m5tal tra9+1 has sub/itut$ lit]ature & hi/ory = natural sci5ce1 he has *os5 ! less useful alt]native4 ,b :e!r we g ^! l5g?s or n1 we mu/ all admit t 9 natural sci5ce ! habit ga9$ ( deal+ ) facts is a mo/ valuable discipl9e1 & t e "o %\ld h "s exp]i5ce ( x4 ,m ?an ?is1 h[ev]1 is dem&$ by ! re=m]s4 ,x is propos$ to make ! tra9+ 9 natural sci5ce ! ma9 "p ( education1 = ! great majority ( mank9d at any rate4 ,& "h1 ,i confess1 ,i "p company ) ! fri5ds ( physical sci5ce1 ) :om up to ?is po9t ,i h be5 agree+4 ,9 diff]+ f !m1 h[ev]1 ,i wi% to proce$ ) ! utmo/ caution & diffid5ce4 ,! smallness ( my own acqua9tance ) ! discipl9es ( natural sci5ce is ev] be=e my m9d1 & ,i am fe>ful ( do+ ^! discipl9es an inju/ice4 ,! ability & pugnacity ( ! p>tisans ( natural sci5ce make !m =midable p]sons to contradict4 ,! tone ( t5tative inquiry1 :i* befits a be+ ( dim faculties & b\nd$ k1 is ! tone ,i w\ld wi% to take & n to dep>t f4 ,at pres5t x seems to me1 t ^? :o are = giv+ to natural k1 z !y call x1 ! *ief place 9 ! education ( ! majority ( mank9d1 leave "o important ?+ out ( _! acc\nt3 ! con/itution ( human nature4 ,b ,i put ?is =w>d on ! /r5g? ( "s facts n at all recondite1 v f> f x2 facts capable ( be+ /at$ 9 ! simple/ possible fa%ion1 & to :i*1 if ,i s /ate !m1 ! man ( sci5ce w1 ,i am sure1 be will+ to all[ _! due weight4 ,d5y ! facts altoge!r1 ,i ?9k1 he h>dly c4 ,he c h>dly d5y1 t :5 we set ourselves to enum]ate ! p[]s :i* g to ! build+ up ( human life1 & say t !y are ! p[] ( conduct1 ! p[] ( intellect & k1 ! p[] ( beauty1 & ! p[] ( social life & mann]s--he c h>dly d5y t ?is s*eme1 ?\gh drawn 9 r\gh & pla9 l9es en\gh1 & n pret5d+ to sci5tific exactness1 does yet give a fairly true repres5tation ( ! matt]4 ,human nature is built up by ^! p[]s2 we h ! ne$ = !m all4 ,:5 we h rightly met & adju/$ ! claims ( !m all1 we %all !n be 9 a fair way = gett+ sob]ness & righte\sness1 ) wisdom4 ,?is is evid5t en\gh1 & ! fri5ds ( physical sci5ce w\ld admit x4 ,b p]haps !y may n h suffici5tly obs]v$ ano!r ?+3 namely1 t ! sev]al p[]s j m5tion$ are n isolat$1 b !re is1 9 ! g5]ality ( mank9d1 a p]petual t5d5cy to relate !m "o to ano!r 9 div]s ways4 ,) "o su* way ( relat+ !m ,i am p>ticul>ly conc]n$ n[4 ,foll[+ our in/9ct = intellect & k1 we acquire pieces ( k2 & pres5tly1 9 ! g5]ality ( m51 !re arises ! desire to relate ^! pieces ( k to our s5se = conduct1 to our s5se = beauty1--& !re is we>9ess & dissatisfaction if ! desire is balk$4 ,n[ 9 ?is desire lies1 ,i ?9k1 ! /r5g? ( t hold :i* lett]s h ^u u4 ,all k is1 z ,i said j n[1 int]e/+2 & ev5 items ( k :i* f ! nature ( ! case _c well be relat$1 b mu/ /& isolat$ 9 our ?\ghts1 h _! int]e/4 ,ev5 li/s ( exceptions h _! int]e/4 ,if we are /udy+ ,greek acc5ts1 x is int]e/+ to "k t pais & pas1 & "s o!r monosyllables ( ! same =m ( decl5sion1 d n take ! circumflex ^u ! la/ syllable ( ! g5itive plural1 b v>y1 9 ?is respect1 f ! common rule4 ,if we are /udy+ physiology1 x is int]e/+ to "k t ! pulmon>y art]y c>ries d>k blood & ! pulmon>y ve9 c>ries bright blood1 dep>t+ 9 ?is respect f ! common rule1 = ! division ( lab\r betwe5 ! ve9s & ! art]ies4 ,b e "o kn[s h[ we seek naturally to comb9e ! pieces ( our k toge!r1 to br+ !m "u g5]al rules1 to relate !m to pr9ciples2 & h[ unsatisfactory & tiresome x w\ld be to g on =ev] le>n+ li/s ( exceptions1 or accumulat+ items ( fact :i* mu/ /& isolat$4 ,well1 t same ne$ ( relat+ our k1 :i* op]ates "h )9 ! sph]e ( our k itself1 we %all f9d op]at+1 also1 outside t sph]e4 ,we exp]i5ce1 z we g on le>n+ & kn[+1--! va/ majority ( u exp]i5ce1--! ne$ ( relat+ :at we h le>n$ & kn[n to ! s5se :i* we h 9 u = conduct1 to ! s5se :i* we h 9 u = beauty4 ,a c]ta9 ,greek prophetess ( ,mant9eia 9 ,arcadia1 ,diotima by "n1 once expla9$ to ! philosoph] ,socrates t love1 & impulse1 & b5t ( all k9ds1 is1 9 fact1 no?+ else b ! desire 9 m5 t good %\ld =ev] be pres5t to !m4 ,?is desire = good1 ,diotima assur$ ,socrates1 is our fundam5tal desire1 ( :i* fundam5tal desire e impulse 9 u is only "s "o p>ticul> =m4 ,& !re=e ?is fundam5tal desire x is1 ,i suppose1--?is desire 9 m5 t good %\ld be =ev] pres5t to !m1--:i* acts 9 u :5 we feel ! impulse = relat+ our k to our s5se = conduct & to our s5se = beauty4 ,at any rate1 ) m5 9 g5]al ! in/9ct exi/s4 ,su* is human nature4 ,& ! in/9ct1 x w be admitt$1 is innoc5t1 & human nature is pres]v$ by our foll[+ ! lead ( its innoc5t in/9cts4 ,!re=e1 9 seek+ to gratify ?is in/9ct 9 "q1 we are foll[+ ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation 9 humanity4 ,b1 no d\bt1 "s k9ds ( k _c be made to directly s]ve ! in/9ct 9 "q1 _c be directly relat$ to ! s5se = beauty1 to ! s5se = conduct4 ,^! are in/rum5t-kn[l$ges2 !y lead on to o!r kn[l$ges1 :i* c4 ,a man :o passes 8 life 9 in/rum5t-kn[l$ges is a speciali/4 ,!y may be invaluable z in/rum5ts to some?+ beyond1 = ^? :o h ! gift ?us to employ !m2 & !y may be discipl9es 9 !mselves :]e9 x is useful = e "o to h "s s*ool+4 ,b x is inconceivable t ! g5]ality ( m5 %\ld pass all _! m5tal life ) ,greek acc5ts or ) =mal logic4 ,my fri5d ,pr(essor ,sylve/]1 :o is "o ( ! fir/ ma!maticians 9 ! _w1 holds transc5d5tal doctr9es z to ! virtue ( ma!matics1 b ^? doctr9es are n = common m54 ,9 ! v ,s5ate ,h\se & he>t ( our ,engli% ,cambridge ,i once v5tur$1 ?\gh n )\t an apology = my pr(an5ess1 to haz>d ! op9ion t = ! majority ( mank9d a little ( ma!matics1 ev51 goes a long way4 ,( c\rse ?is is q consi/5t ) _! be+ ( imm5se importance z an in/rum5t to some?+ else2 b x is ! few :o h ! aptitude = ?us us+ !m1 n ! bulk ( mank9d4 ,! natural sci5ces d n1 h[ev]1 /& on ! same foot+ ) ^! in/rum5t-kn[l$ges4 ,exp]i5ce %[s u t ! g5]ality ( m5 w f9d m int]e/ 9 le>n+ t1 :5 a tap] burns1 ! wax is conv]t$ into c>bonic acid & wat]1 or 9 le>n+ ! explanation ( ! ph5om5on ( dew1 or 9 le>n+ h[ ! circulation ( ! blood is c>ri$ on1 ?an !y f9d 9 le>n+ t ! g5itive plural ( pais & pas does n take ! circumflex on ! t]m9ation4 ,& "o piece ( natural k is add$ to ano!r1 & o!rs are add$ to t1 & at la/ we come to propositions s int]e/+ z ,mr4 ,d>w9's fam\s proposition t our ance/or 0 a hairy quadrup$ furni%$ ) a tail & po9t$ e>s1 probably arboreal 9 8 habits4 ,or we come to propositions ( su* rea* & magnitude z ^? :i* ,pr(essor ,huxley deliv]s1 :5 he says t ! notions ( our =efa!rs ab\t ! beg9n+ & ! end ( ! _w 7 all wrong & t nature is ! expression ( a def9ite ord] ) :i* no?+ int]f]es4 ,int]e/+1 inde$1 ^! results ( sci5ce are1 important !y are1 & we %\ld all ( u be acqua9t$ ) !m4 ,b :at ,i n[ wi% y to m>k is1 t we are /ill1 :5 !y are prop\nd$ to u & we receive !m1 we are /ill 9 ! sph]e ( intellect & k4 ,& = ! g5]ality ( m5 !re w be f\nd1 ,i say1 to arise1 :5 !y h duly tak5 9 ! proposition t _! ance/or 0 a hairy quadrup$ furni%$ ) a tail & po9t$ e>s1 probably arboreal 9 8 habits1 !re w be f\nd to arise an inv9cible desire to relate ?is proposition to ! s5se 9 u = conduct1 & to ! s5se 9 u = beauty4 ,b ?is ! m5 ( sci5ce w n d = u1 & w h>dly ev5 pr(ess to d4 ,!y w give u o!r pieces ( k1 o!r facts1 ab\t o!r animals & _! ance/ors1 or ab\t plants1 or ab\t /ones1 or ab\t />s2 & !y may f9ally br+ u to ^? great g5]al conceptions ( ! univ]se1 :i* are =c$ ^u u all1 says ,pr(essor ,huxley1 by ! progress ( physical sci5ce4 ,b /ill x w be k only :i* !y give u2 k n put = u into relation ) our s5se = conduct1 our s5se = beauty1 & t\*$ ) emotion by be+ s put2 n ?us put = u1 & !re=e1 to ! majority ( mank9d1 aft] a c]ta9 :ile1 unsatisfy+1 we>y+4 ,n to ! born naturali/1 ,i admit4 ,b :at d we mean by a born naturali/8 ,we mean a man 9 :om ! zeal = obs]v+ nature is s uncommonly /rong & em95t1 t x m>ks him (f f ! bulk ( mank9d4 ,su* a man w pass 8 life happily 9 collect+ natural k & reason+ ^u x1 & w ask = no?+1 or h>dly any?+1 m4 ,i h he>d x said t ! sagaci\s & admirable naturali/ :om we lo/ n v long ago1 ,mr4 ,d>w91 once own$ to a fri5d t = 8 "p he did n exp]i5ce ! necessity = two ?+s :i* mo/ m5 f9d s necess>y to !m1--religion & poetry2 sci5ce & ! dome/ic affections1 he ?\ght1 7 en\gh4 ,to a born naturali/1 ,i c well und]/& t ?is %\ld seem s4 ,s absorb+ is 8 occupation ) nature1 s /rong 8 love = 8 occupation1 t he goes on acquir+ natural k & reason+ ^u x1 & has little "t or incl9ation = ?9k+ ab\t gett+ x relat$ to ! desire 9 man = conduct1 ! desire 9 man = beauty4 ,he relates x to !m = himself z he goes along1 s f> z he feels ! ne$2 & he draws f ! dome/ic affections all ! additional solace necess>y4 ,b !n ,d>w9s are extremely r>e4 ,ano!r great & admirable ma/] ( natural k1 ,f>aday1 0 a ,s&emanian4 ,t is to say1 he relat$ 8 k to 8 in/9ct = conduct & to 8 in/9ct = beauty1 by ! aid ( t respectable ,scotti% sect>y1 ,rob]t ,s&eman4 ,& s /rong1 9 g5]al1 is ! dem& ( religion & poetry to h _! %>e 9 a man1 to associate !mselves ) 8 kn[+1 & to relieve & rejoice x1 t probably1 = "o man among/ u ) ! disposition to d z ,d>w9 did 9 ?is respect1 !re are at lea/ fifty ) ! disposition to d z ,f>aday4 ,education lays hold ^u u1 9 fact1 by satisfy+ ?is dem&4 ,pr(essor ,huxley holds up to scorn m$iaeval education1 ) its neglect ( ! k ( nature1 its pov]ty ev5 ( lit]>y /udies1 its =mal logic devot$ to %[+ h[ & :y t :i* ! ,*ur* said 0 true mu/ be true4 ,b ! great m$iaeval univ]sities 7 n br\ght into be+1 we may be sure1 by ! zeal = giv+ a jejune & contemptible education4 ,k+s h be5 _! nurs+ fa!rs1 & que5s h be5 _! nurs+ mo!rs1 b n = ?is4 ,! m$iaeval univ]sities came into be+1 because ! suppos$ k1 deliv]$ by ,scripture & ! ,*ur*1 s deeply engag$ m5's he>ts1 by s simply1 easily1 & p[]fully relat+ itself to _! desire = conduct1 _! desire = beauty4 ,all o!r k 0 dom9at$ by ?is suppos$ k & 0 subord9at$ to x1 because ( ! surpass+ /r5g? ( ! hold :i* x ga9$ ^u ! affections ( m51 by ally+ itself pr(\ndly ) _! s5se = conduct1 _! s5se = beauty4 ,b n[1 says ,pr(essor ,huxley1 conceptions ( ! univ]se fatal to ! notions held by our =efa!rs h be5 =c$ ^u u by physical sci5ce4 ,grant to him t !y are ?us fatal1 t ! new conceptions mu/ & w soon become curr5t ev]y:]e1 & t e "o w f9ally p]ceive !m to be fatal to ! beliefs ( our =efa!rs4 ,! ne$ ( humane lett]s1 z !y are truly call$1 because !y s]ve ! p>am\nt desire 9 m5 t good %\ld be =ev] pres5t to !m1--! ne$ ( humane lett]s to e/abli% a relation betwe5 ! new conceptions1 & our in/9ct = beauty1 our in/9ct = conduct1 is only ! m visible4 ,! middle age c\ld d )\t humane lett]s1 z x c\ld d )\t ! /udy ( nature1 because its suppos$ k 0 made to engage its emotions s p[]fully4 ,grant t ! suppos$ k disappe>s1 its p[] ( be+ made to engage ! emotions w ( c\rse disappe> along ) x1--b ! emotions !mselves1 & _! claim to be engag$ & satisfi$1 w rema94 ,n[ if we f9d by exp]i5ce t humane lett]s h an und5iable p[] ( engag+ ! emotions1 ! importance ( humane lett]s 9 a man's tra9+ becomes n less1 b great]1 9 proportion to ! success ( mod]n sci5ce 9 extirpat+ :at x calls m$iaeval ?9k+4 ,h humane lett]s1 !n1 h poetry & eloqu5ce1 ! p[] "h attribut$ to !m ( engag+ ! emotions1 & d !y ex]cise x8 ,& if !y h x & ex]cise x1 h[ d !y ex]cise x1 s z to ex]t an influ5ce ^u man's s5se = conduct1 8 s5se = beauty8 ,f9ally1 ev5 if !y bo? c & d ex]t an influ5ce ^u ! s5ses 9 "q1 h[ are !y to relate to !m ! results1--! mod]n results1--( natural sci5ce8 ,all ^! que/ions may be ask$4 ,fir/1 h poetry & eloqu5ce ! p[] ( call+ out ! emotions8 ,! appeal is to exp]i5ce4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t = ! va/ majority ( m51 = mank9d 9 g5]al1 !y h ! p[]4 ,next1 d !y ex]cise x8 ,!y d4 ,b !n1 h[ d !y ex]cise x s z to affect man's s5se = conduct1 8 s5se = beauty8 ,& ?is is p]haps a case = apply+ ! ,prea*]'s words3 ,?\gh a man labor to seek x out1 yet he %all n f9d x2 yea1 fur!r1 ?\gh a wise man ?9k to "k x1 yet %all he n be able to f9d x4#ba ,:y %\ld x be "o ?+1 9 its effect ^u ! emotions1 to say1 ,pati5ce is a virtue1 & q ano!r ?+1 9 its effect ^u ! emotions1 to say ) ,hom]1 ,greek3 tlaeton g> ,moirai ?umon !san an?ropois9--#bb = an endur+ he>t h ! de/9ies appo9t$ to ! *ildr5 ( m58 ,:y %\ld x be "o ?+1 9 its effect ^u ! emotions1 to say ) philosoph] ,sp9oza1 ,felicitas 9 eo consi/it quod homo suum esse cons]v>e pote/--,man's happ9ess consi/s 9 8 be+ able to pres]ve 8 own ess5ce1 & q ano!r ?+1 9 its effect ^u ! emotions1 to say ) ! ,gospel1 ,:at is a man advantag$1 if he ga9 ! :ole _w1 & lose himself1 =feit himself8 ,h[ does ?is diff]5ce ( effect arise8 ,i _c tell1 & ,i am n mu* conc]n$ to "k2 ! important ?+ is t x does arise1 & t we c pr(it by x4 ,b h[1 f9ally1 are poetry & eloqu5ce to ex]cise ! p[] ( relat+ ! mod]n results ( natural sci5ce to man's in/9ct = conduct1 8 in/9ct = beauty8 ,& "h aga9 ,i answ] t ,i d n "k h[ !y w ex]cise x1 b t !y c & w ex]cise x ,i am sure4 ,i d n mean t mod]n philosophical poets & mod]n philosophical morali/s are to come & relate = u1 9 express t]ms1 ! results ( mod]n sci5tific rese>* to our in/9ct = conduct1 our in/9ct = beauty4 ,b ,i mean t we %all f9d1 z a matt] ( exp]i5ce1 if we "k ! be/ t has be5 ?\ght & utt]$ 9 ! _w1 we %all f9d t ! art & poetry & eloqu5ce ( m5 :o liv$1 p]haps1 long ago1 :o _h ! mo/ limit$ natural k1 :o _h ! mo/ errone\s conceptions ab\t _m important matt]s1 we %all f9d t ?is art1 & poetry1 & eloqu5ce1 h 9 fact n only ! p[] ( refre%+ & delight+ u1 !y h also ! p[]1--su* is ! /r5g? & wor?1 9 ess5tials1 ( _! au?ors' criticism ( life1--!y h a =tify+1 & elevat+1 & quick5+1 & sugge/ive p[]1 capable ( wond]fully help+ u to relate ! results ( mod]n sci5ce to our ne$ = conduct1 our ne$ = beauty4 ,hom]'s conceptions ( ! physical univ]se 71 ,i imag9e1 grotesque2 b really1 "u ! %ock ( he>+ f mod]n sci5ce t ! _w is n subord9at$ to man's use1 & t man is n ! cynosure ( ?+s t]re/rial1 ,i c\ld1 = my own "p1 desire no bett] com=t ?an ,hom]'s l9e :i* ,i quot$ j n[1 ,greek3 tlaeton g> ,moirai ?umon !san an?ropois9-- = an endur+ he>t h ! de/9ies appo9t$ to ! *ildr5 ( m56 ,& ! m t m5's m9ds are cle>$1 ! m t ! results ( sci5ce are frankly accept$1 ! m t poetry & eloqu5ce come to be receiv$ & /udi$ z :at 9 tru? !y really are1--! criticism ( life by gift$ m51 alive & active ) extraord9>y p[] at an unusual numb] ( po9ts2--s mu* ! m w ! value ( humane lett]s1 & ( art also1 :i* is an utt]ance hav+ a l k9d ( p[] ) !irs1 be felt & ackn[l$g$1 & _! place 9 education be secur$4 ,let u !re=e1 all ( u1 avoid inde$ z mu* z possible any invidi\s comp>ison betwe5 ! m]its ( humane lett]s1 z means ( education1 & ! m]its ( ! natural sci5ces4 ,b :5 "s ,presid5t ( a ,section = ,me*anical ,sci5ce insi/s on mak+ ! comp>ison1 & tells u t he :o 9 8 tra9+ has sub/itut$ lit]ature & hi/ory = natural sci5ce has *os5 ! less useful alt]native1 let u make answ] to him t ! /ud5t ( humane lett]s only1 w1 at lea/1 "k also ! great g5]al conceptions br\ght 9 by mod]n physical sci5ce2 = sci5ce1 z ,pr(essor ,huxley says1 =ces !m ^u u all4 ,b ! /ud5t ( ! natural sci5ces only1 w1 by our v hypo!sis1 "k no?+ ( humane lett]s2 n to m5tion t 9 sett+ himself to be p]petually accumulat+ natural k1 he sets himself to d :at only speciali/s h 9 g5]al ! gift = do+ g5ially4 ,& s he w probably be unsatisfi$1 or at any rate incomplete1 & ev5 m incomplete ?an ! /ud5t ( humane lett]s only4 ,i once m5tion$ 9 a s*ool report1 h[ a "y man 9 "o ( our ,engli% tra9+ colleges hav+ to p>aphrase ! passage 9 ,macbe? beg9n+1 ,can/ ?\ n m9i/] to a m9d diseas$8 turn$ ?is l9e into1 ,c y n wait ^u ! lunatic8 ,& ,i rem>k$ :at a curi\s /ate ( ?+s x w\ld be1 if e pupil ( our national s*ools knew1 let u say1 t ! moon is two ?\s& "o hundr$ & sixty miles 9 diamet]1 & ?\ght at ! same "t t a good p>aphrase = ,can/ ?\ n m9i/] to a m9d diseas$8 01 ,c y n wait ^u ! lunatic8 ,if "o is driv5 to *oose1 ,i ?9k ,i w\ld r h a "y p]son ignorant ab\t ! moon's diamet]1 b aw>e t ,c y n wait ^u ! lunatic8 is bad1 ?an a "y p]son ^: education _h be5 su* z to manage ?+s ! o!r way4 ,or to g high] ?an ! pupils ( our national s*ools4 ,i h 9 my m9d's eye a memb] ( our ,briti% ,p>liam5t :o comes to travel "h 9 ,am]ica1 :o aft]w>ds relates 8 travels1 & :o %[s a really ma/]ly k ( ! geology ( ?is great c\ntry & ( its m9+ capabilities1 b :o ends by gravely sugge/+ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld borr[ a pr9ce f our ,royal ,family1 & %\ld make him _! k+1 & %\ld create a ,h\se ( ,lords ( great l&$ proprietors aft] ! patt]n ( ours2 & !n ,am]ica1 he ?9ks1 w\ld h h] future happily & p]fectly secur$4 ,surely1 9 ?is case1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,section = ,me*anical ,sci5ce w\ld himself h>dly say t our memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 by conc5trat+ himself ^u geology & m9]alogy1 & s on1 & n att5d+ to lit]ature & hi/ory1 _h *os5 ! m useful alt]native4 ,if !n !re is to be sep>ation & option betwe5 humane lett]s on ! "o h&1 & ! natural sci5ces on ! o!r1 ! great majority ( mank9d1 all :o h n exceptional & ov]p[]+ aptitudes = ! /udy ( nature1 w\ld d well1 ,i _c b ?9k1 to *oose to be educat$ 9 humane lett]s r ?an 9 ! natural sci5ces4 ,lett]s w call out _! be+ at m po9ts1 w make !m live m4 ,i said t be=e ,i end$ ,i w\ld j t\* on ! "q ( classical education1 & ,i w keep my ^w4 ,ev5 if lit]ature is to reta9 a l>ge place 9 our education1 yet ,lat9 & ,greek1 say ! fri5ds ( progress1 w c]ta9ly h to g4 ,greek is ! gr& (f5d] 9 ! eyes ( ^! g5tlem54 ,! attack]s ( ! e/abli%$ c\rse ( /udy ?9k t aga9/ ,greek1 at any rate1 !y h irresi/ible argum5ts4 ,lit]ature may p]haps be ne$$ 9 education1 !y say2 b :y on e>? %\ld x be ,greek lit]ature8 ,:y n ,fr5* or ,g]man8 ,nay1 has n an ,engli%man models 9 8 own lit]ature ( e k9d ( excell5ce8 ,z be=e1 x is n on any weak plead+s ( my own t ,i rely = conv9c+ ! ga9say]s2 x is on ! con/itution ( human nature itself1 & on ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation 9 humanity4 ,! in/9ct = beauty is set 9 human nature1 z surely z ! in/9ct = k is set !re1 or ! in/9ct = conduct4 ,if ! in/9ct = beauty is s]v$ by ,greek lit]ature & art z x is s]v$ by no o!r lit]ature & art1 we may tru/ to ! in/9ct ( self-pres]vation 9 humanity = keep+ ,greek z "p ( our culture4 ,we may tru/ to x = ev5 mak+ ! /udy ( ,greek m preval5t ?an x is n[4 ,greek w come1 ,i hope1 "s day to be /udi$ m rationally ?an at pres5t2 b x w be increas+ly /udi$ z m5 increas+ly feel ! ne$ 9 !m = beauty1 & h[ p[]fully ,greek art & ,greek lit]ature c s]ve ?is ne$4 ,wom5 w aga9 /udy ,greek1 z ,lady ,jane ,grey did2 ,i believe t 9 t *a9 ( =ts1 ) :i* ! fair ho/ ( ! ,amazons are n[ engirdl+ our ,engli% univ]sities1--,i f9d t "h 9 ,am]ica1 9 colleges l ,smi? ,college 9 ,massa*usetts1 & ,vass> ,college 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 & 9 ! happy families ( ! mix$ univ]sities out ,we/1--!y are /udy+ x already4 ,defuit una mihi symmetria prisca1--,! antique symmetry 0 ! "o ?+ want+ to me1 said ,leon>do da ,v9ci2 & he 0 an ,italian4 ,i w n presume to speak = ! ,am]icans1 b ,i am sure t1 9 ! ,engli%man1 ! want ( ?is admirable symmetry ( ! ,greeks is a ?\s& times m great & cry+ ?an 9 any ,italian4 ,! results ( ! want %[ !mselves mo/ gl>+ly1 p]haps1 9 our ar*itecture1 b !y %[ !mselves1 also1 9 all our art4 ,fit details /rictly comb9$1 9 view ( a l>ge g5]al result nobly conceiv$2 t is j ! beautiful symmetria prisca ( ! ,greeks1 & x is j :]e we ,engli% fail1 :]e all our art fails4 ,/rik+ ideas we h1 & well-execut$ details we h2 b t high symmetry :i*1 ) satisfy+ & delightful effect1 comb9es !m1 we seldom or nev] h4 ,! glori\s beauty ( ! ,acropolis at ,a!ns did n come f s+le f9e ?+s /uck ab\t on t hill1 a /atue "h1 a gateway !re2--no1 x arose f all ?+s be+ p]fectly comb9$ = a supreme total effect4 ,:at mu/ n an ,engli%man feel ab\t our defici5cies 9 ?is respect1 z ! s5se = beauty1 :]e( ?is symmetry is an ess5tial elem5t1 awak5s & /r5g!ns )9 him6 :at w n "o day be 8 respect & desire = ,greece & its symmetria prisca1 :5 ! scales drop f 8 eyes z he walks ! ,london /reets1 & he sees su* a lesson 9 meanness z ! ,/r&1 = in/ance1 9 its true de=mity6 ,b "h we are com+ to our fri5d ,mr4 ,rusk9's prov9ce1 & ,i w n intrude ^u x1 = he is its v suffici5t gu>dian4 ,& s we at la/ f9d1 x seems1 we f9d fl[+ 9 favor ( ! humanities ! natural & necess>y /ream ( ?+s1 :i* seem$ aga9/ !m :5 we />t$4 ,! hairy quadrup$ furni%$ ) a tail & po9t$ e>s1 probably arboreal 9 8 habits1 ?is good fell[ c>ri$ hidd5 9 8 nature1 app>5tly1 some?+ de/9$ to develop into a necessity = humane lett]s4 ,nay1 m3 we seem f9ally to be ev5 l$ to ! fur!r conclusion t our hairy ance/or c>ri$ 9 8 nature1 also1 a necessity = ,greek4 ,& !re=e1 to say ! tru?1 ,i _c really ?9k t humane lett]s are 9 mu* actual dang] ( be+ ?ru/ out f _! lead+ place 9 education1 9 spite ( ! array ( au?orities aga9/ !m at ?is mom5t4 ,s long z human nature is :at x is1 _! attractions w rema9 irresi/ible4 ,z ) ,greek1 s ) lett]s g5]ally3 !y w "s day come1 we may hope1 to be /udi$ m rationally1 b !y w n lose _! place4 ,:at w happ5 w r be t !re w be cr[d$ into education o!r matt]s besides1 f> too _m2 !re w be1 p]haps1 a p]iod ( unsettlem5t & confusion & false t5d5cy2 b lett]s w n 9 ! end lose _! lead+ place4 ,if !y lose x = a "t1 !y w get x back aga94 ,we %all be br\ght back to !m by our wants & aspirations4 ,& a poor humani/ may possess 8 s\l 9 pati5ce1 nei!r /rive nor cry1 admit ! en]gy & brilliancy ( ! p>tisans ( physical sci5ce1 & _! pres5t favor ) ! public1 to be f> great] ?an 8 own1 & /ill h a happy fai? t ! nature ( ?+s works sil5tly on behalf ( ! /udies :i* he loves1 & t1 :ile we %all all h to acqua9t ourselves ) ! great results rea*$ by mod]n sci5ce1 & to give ourselves z mu* tra9+ 9 its discipl9es z we c conv5i5tly c>ry1 yet ! majority ( m5 w always require humane lett]s2 & s mu* ! m1 z !y h ! m & ! great] results ( sci5ce to relate to ! ne$ 9 man = conduct1 & to ! ne$ 9 him = beauty4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bj3 ,f ,disc\rses 9 ,am]ica1 #ahhe4 ,footnote #ba3 ,f ,ecclesia/es1 viii4 #ag4 ,footnote #bb3 ,f ! ,iliad1 xxiv4 #di4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,read#bc ,,fr$]ic ,,h>rison ,x is ! fa%ion = ^? :o h any connection ) lett]s to expatiate on ! inf9ite bless+s ( lit]ature1 & ! miracul\s a*ievem5ts ( ! press3 to extol1 z a gift above price1 ! ta/e = /udy & ! love ( read+4 ,f> be x f me to ga9say ! ine/imable value ( good books1 or to disc\rage any man f read+ ! be/2 b ,i (t5 ?9k t we =get t o!r side to ?is glori\s view ( lit]ature--! misuse ( books1 ! debilitat+ wa/e ( bra9 9 aimless1 promiscu\s1 vapid read+1 or ev51 x may be1 9 ! poison\s inhalation ( m]e lit]>y g>bage & bad m5's wor/ ?\ghts4 ,= :at c a book be m ?an ! man :o wrote x8 ,! brighte/ g5ius seldom puts ! be/ ( 8 own s\l into 8 pr9t$ page2 & "s fam\s m5 h c]ta9ly put ! wor/ ( !irs4 ,yet are all m5 desirable companions1 mu* less tea*]s1 able to give u advice1 ev5 ( ^? :o get reputation & comm& a he>+8 ,to put out ( ! "q t writ+ :i* is positively bad1 are we n1 amid/ ! multiplicity ( books & ( writ]s1 9 cont9ual dang] ( be+ drawn (f by :at is /imulat+ r ?an solid1 by curiosity aft] some?+ accid5tally notori\s1 by :at has no intelligible ?+ to recomm5d x1 except t x is new8 ,n[1 to /uff our m9ds ) :at is simply trivial1 simply curi\s1 or t :i* at be/ has b a l[ nutritive p[]1 ?is is to close our m9ds to :at is solid & enl>g+1 & spiritually su/a9+4 ,:e!r our neglect ( ! great books comes f our n read+ at all1 or f an incorrigible habit ( read+ ! little books1 x ends 9 j ! same ?+4 ,& t ?+ is ignorance ( all ! great] lit]ature ( ! _w4 ,to neglect all ! abid+ p>ts ( k = ! sake ( ! evanesc5t p>ts is really to "k no?+ wor? kn[+4 ,x is 9 ! end ! same1 :e!r we d n use our m9ds = s]i\s /udy at all1 or :e!r we exhau/ !m by an impot5t voracity = desultory in=mation--a ?+ z fruitful z :i/l+4 ,( ! two evils ,i pref] ! =m]4 ,at lea/1 9 t case1 ! m9d is heal?y & op54 ,x is n gorg$ & enfeebl$ by excess 9 t :i* _c n\ri%1 mu* less enl>ge & beautify our nature4 ,b !re is mu* m ?an ?is4 ,ev5 to ^? :o resolutely avoid ! idl5ess ( read+ :at is trivial1 a difficulty is pres5t$--a difficulty e day increas+ by virtue ev5 ( our abundance ( books4 ,:at are ! subjects1 :at are ! class ( books we are to read1 9 :at ord]1 ) :at connection1 to :at ultimate use or object8 ,ev5 ^? :o are resolv$ to read ! bett] books are emb>rass$ by a field ( *oice practically b\ndless4 ,! longe/ life1 ! greate/ indu/ry1 jo9$ to ! mo/ p[]ful memory1 w\ld n suffice to make u pr(it f a hundr$? "p ( ! _w ( books be=e u4 ,if ! great ,newton said t he seem$ to h be5 all 8 life ga!r+ a few %ells on ! %ore1 :il/ a b\ndless ocean ( tru? /ill lay beyond & unkn[n to him1 h[ mu* m to ea* ( u mu/ ! sea ( lit]ature be a pa?less imm5sity beyond our p[]s ( vision or ( rea*--an imm5sity 9 :i* indu/ry itself is useless )\t judgm5t1 me?od1 discipl9e2 :]e x is ( inf9ite importance :at we c le>n & rememb]1 & ( utt]ly no importance :at we may h once look$ at or he>d (4 ,alas6 ! mo/ ( our read+ leaves z little m>k ev5 9 our own education z ! foam t ga!rs r\nd ! keel ( a pass+ boat6 ,= myself1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k ! mo/ useful help to read+ is to "k :at we %\ld n read1 :at we c keep out f t small cle>$ spot 9 ! ov]gr[n jungle ( in=mation1 ! corn] :i* we c call our ord]$ pat* ( fruit-be>+ k4 ,! incessant accumulation ( fre% books mu/ h9d] any real k ( ! old2 = ! multiplicity ( volumes becomes a b> ^u our use ( any4 ,9 lit]ature especially does x hold--t we _c see ! wood = ! trees4 ,h[ %all we *oose our books8 ,:i* are ! be/1 ! et]nal1 indisp5sable books8 ,to all to :om read+ is some?+ m ?an a ref9$ idl5ess ^! que/ions recur1 br++ ) !m ! s5se ( bewild]m5t2 & a /ill1 small voice )9 u is = ev] cry+ out = "s guide across ! ,sl\gh ( ,despond ( an illimitable & ev]-swell+ lit]ature4 ,h[ _m a man /&s beside x1 z unc]ta9 ( 8 pa?way z ! ,pilgrim1 :5 he :o dream$ ! immortal dream he>d him break out ) a lam5table cry2 say+1 :at %all ,i d8 ,& ?is1 :i* comes home to all ( u at times1 presses h>de/ ^u ^? :o h lo/ ! opportunity ( sy/ematic education1 :o h to educate !mselves1 or :o seek to guide ! education ( _! "y p4 ,sy/ematic read+ is b little 9 fav\r ev5 among/ /udi\s m52 9 a true s5se x is h>dly possible = wom54 ,a compreh5sive c\rse ( home /udy1 & a guide to books1 fit = ! highe/ education ( wom51 is yet a blank page rema9+ to be fill$4 ,g5]ations ( m5 ( culture h lab\r$ to organise a sy/em ( read+ & mat]ials appropriate = ! me?odical education ( m5 9 academic l9es4 ,tea*+ equal 9 m5tal calibre to any t is op5 to m5 9 univ]sities1 yet modifi$ = ! ne$s ( ^? :o mu/ /udy at home1 rema9s 9 ! dim pages ( t melan*oly volume entitl$ ,libri valde desid]ati4#bd ,i d n aspire to fill "o ( ^? blank pages2 b ,i long to speak a ^w or two1 z ! ,pilgrim did to ,neighb\r ,pliable1 ^u ! glories t await ^? :o w pass ?r\gh ! n>r[ wicket-gate4 ,on ?is1 if "o c f9d any?+ useful to say1 x may be *iefly f ! memory ( ! wa/e lab\r & pitiful /umbl+ 9 ! d>k :i* fill up s mu* ( ! travail t "o is fa9 to call "o's own education4 ,we :o h w&]$ 9 ! wa/es s long1 & lo/ s mu* ( our lives 9 our w&]+1 may at lea/ (f] w>n+s to y\ng] wayf>]s1 z m5 :o 9 ?orny pa?s h borne ! heat & burd5 ( ! day might give a clue to _! j\rney to ^? :o h yet a morn+ & a noon4 ,z ,i look back & ?9k ( ^? cat>acts ( pr9t$ /uff :i* hone/ compositors set up1 mean+1 let u tru/1 no h>m1 & :i* at lea/ f\nd !m 9 daily bread1--pr9t$ /uff :i* ,i & ! re/ ( u1 to our inf9itely small pr(it1 h consum$ ) our eyes1 n ev5 mak+ an hone/ liv+ ( x1 b mu* impair+ our sub/ance1--,i c\ld almo/ reckon ! pr9t+ press z among/ ! sc\rges ( mank9d4 ,i am gr[n a wis] & a sadd] man1 importunate1 l t ,anci5t ,m>9]1 to tell ea* bli! w$d+ gue/ ! tale ( 8 %ipwreck on ! inf9ite sea ( pr9t]s' ink1 z "o escap$ by m]cy & grace f ! region :]e !re is wat]1 wat]1 ev]y:]e1 & n a drop to dr9k4 ,a man ( p[]1 :o has got m f books ?an mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies1 once said3 ,=m a habit ( read+1 d n m9d :at y read2 ! read+ ( bett] books w come :5 y h a habit ( read+ ! inf]ior4 ,we ne$ n accept ?is obit] dictum#be ( ,"l ,%]brooke4 ,a habit ( read+ idly debilitates & corrupts ! m9d = all :olesome read+2 ! habit ( read+ wisely is "o ( ! mo/ difficult habits to acquire1 ne$+ /rong resolution & inf9ite pa9s2 & read+ = m]e read+'s sake1 in/ead ( = ! sake ( ! good we ga9 f read+1 is "o ( ! wor/ & commone/ & mo/ un:olesome habits we h4 ,& s our inimitable humori/ has made delightful fun ( ! solid books1--:i* no g5tleman's libr>y %\ld be )\t1--! ,humes1 ,gibbons1 ,adam ,smi?s1 :i*1 he says1 are n books at all1 & pref]s "s k9dhe>t$ play-book1 or at times ! ,t[n & ,c\nty ,magaz9e4 ,poor ,lamb has n a little to answ] =1 9 ! reviv$ reli% = g>bage une>!d f old !atrical dungheaps4 ,be x je/ or e>ne/1 ,i h little pati5ce ) ! ,elia-tic philosophy ( ! frivol\s4 ,:y d we /ill suff] ! traditional hypocrisy ab\t ! dignity ( lit]ature--lit]ature1 ,i mean1 9 ! gross1 :i* includes ab\t equal p>ts ( :at is useful & :at is useless8 ,:y are books z books1 writ]s z writ]s1 read]s z read]s1 m]itori\s1 ap>t f any good 9 !m1 or any?+ t we c get f !m8 ,:y d we pride ourselves on our p[]s ( absorb+ pr9t1 z our gr&fa!rs did on _! gifts 9 imbib+ port1 :5 we "k t !re is a mode ( absorb+ pr9t :i* makes x impossible t we c ev] le>n any?+ good out ( books8 ,our /ately ,milton said 9 a passage :i* is "o ( ! wat*words ( ! ,engli% race1 z good almo/ kill a ,man z kill a good ,book4 ,b has he n also said t he w\ld h a vigilant eye h[ ,bookes demeane !mselves1 z well z m52 & d %>pe/ ju/ice on !m z malefactors8444 ,yes6 !y d kill ! good book :o deliv] up _! few & preci\s h\rs ( read+ to ! trivial book2 !y make x dead = !m2 !y d :at lies 9 !m to de/roy ! preci\s life-blood ( a ma/]-_s1 imbalm'd & treasur$ up on purpose to a life beyond life2 !y spill t season'd life ( man pres]v'd & /or'd up 9 ,bookes4 ,= 9 ! wild]ness ( books mo/ m51 c]ta9ly all busy m51 mu/ /rictly *oose4 ,if !y saturate _! m9ds ) ! idl] books1 ! good book1 :i* ,milton calls an immortality r ?an a life1 is dead to !m3 x is a book seal$ up & buri$4 ,x is mo/ "r t 9 ! great republic ( lett]s !re %\ld be fre$om ( int]c\rse & a _s ( equality4 ,e read] :o holds a book 9 8 h& is free ( ! inmo/ m9ds ( m5 pa/ & pres5t2 _! lives bo? )9 & )\t ! pale ( _! utt]$ ?\ghts are unveil$ to him2 he ne$s no introduction to ! greate/2 he /&s on no c]emony ) !m2 he may1 if he be s m9d$1 scribble doggrel on 8 ,%elley1 or he may kick ,"l ,byron1 if he please1 into a corn]4 ,he he>s ,burke p]orate1 & ,johnson dogmatise1 & ,scott tell 8 bord] tales1 & ,wordswor? muse on ! hillside1 )\t ! leave ( any man1 or ! paym5t ( any toll4 ,9 ! republic ( lett]s !re are no privileg$ ord]s or places res]v$4 ,e man :o has writt5 a book1 ev5 ! dilig5t ,mr4 ,:itak]1 is 9 "o s5se an au?or2 a book's a book al?\gh !re's no?+ 9't2 & e man :o c deciph] a p5ny j\rnal is 9 "o s5se a read]4 ,& y\r g5]al read]1 l ! grave-digg] 9 ,hamlet1 is hail-fell[ ) all ! mighty dead2 he pats ! skull ( ! je/]2 batt]s ! *eek ( "l1 lady1 or c\rti]2 & uses imp]i\s ,caes> to tea* boys ! ,lat9 decl5sions4 ,b ?is noble equality ( all writ]s--( all writ]s & ( all read]s--has a p]il\s side to x4 ,x is apt to make u indiscrim9ate 9 ! books we read1 & some:at contemptu\s ( ! mighty m5 ( ! pa/4 ,m5 :o are mo/ obs]vant z to ! fri5ds !y make1 or ! conv]sation !y %>e1 are c>elessness itself z to ! books to :om !y entru/ !mselves1 & ! pr9t$ language ) :i* !y saturate _! m9ds4 ,yet c any fri5d%ip or society be m important to u ?an t ( ! books :i* =m s l>ge a "p ( our m9ds & ev5 ( our *>act]s8 ,d we 9 real life take any pleasant fell[ to our homes & *at ) "s agreeable rascal by our firesides1 we :o w take up any pleasant fell['s pr9t$ memoirs1 we :o delight 9 ! agreeable rascal :5 he is cut up into pages & b\nd 9 calf8 ,if any p]son giv5 to read+ 7 hone/ly to keep a regi/] ( all ! pr9t$ /uff t he or %e consumes 9 a ye>--all ! idle tales ( :i* ! v names & ! /ory are =gott5 9 a week1 ! bookmak]'s prattle ab\t no?+ at s mu* a %eet1 ! fugitive trifl+ ab\t silly ?+s & empty p1 ! memoirs ( ! unmemorable1 & lives ( ^? :o nev] really liv$ at all--( :at a m\nta9 ( rubbi% w\ld x be ! catalogue3 ,ex]cises = ! eye & ! memory1 z me*anical z if we set ourselves to le>n ! names1 ages1 & family hi/ories ( e "o :o lives 9 our own /reet1 ! flirtations ( _! maid5 aunts1 & ! circum/ances surr\nd+ ! bir? ( _! gr&mo!r's fir/ baby4 ,x is impossible to give any me?od to our read+ till we get n]ve en\gh to reject4 ,! mo/ exclusive & c>eful among/ u w 79 lit]ature7 take boon companions out ( ! /reet1 z easily z an idl] 9 a tav]n4 ,i came across su* & su* a book t ,i nev] he>d m5tion$1 says "o1 & f\nd x curi\s1 ?\gh entirely wor?less4 ,i /ray$ on a volume by ,i "k n :om1 on a subject = :i* ,i nev] c>$4 ,& s on4 ,!re are curi\s & wor?less creatures en\gh 9 any pot-h\se all day long2 & !re is incessant talk 9 omnibus1 tra91 or /reet by we "k n :om1 ab\t we c>e n :at4 ,yet if a pr9t] & a booksell] c be induc$ to make ?is gabble z immortal z pr9t & publication c make x1 !n x /raightway is lit]ature1 & 9 due "t x becomes curi\s4 ,i h no int5tion to moralise or to indulge 9 a homily aga9/ ! read+ ( :at is delib]ately evil4 ,!re is n s mu* ne$ = ?is n[1 & ,i am n disc\rs+ on ! :ole duty ( man4 ,i take t "p ( our read+ :i* by itself is no d\bt h>mless1 ent]ta9+1 & ev5 g5tly in/ructive4 ,b ( ?is enorm\s mass ( lit]ature h[ mu* des]ves to be *os5 out1 to be pref]r$ to all ! great books ( ! _w1 to be set ap>t = ^? preci\s h\rs :i* are all t ! mo/ ( u c give to solid read+8 ,! va/ proportion ( books are books t we %all nev] be able to read4 ,a s]i\s p]c5tage ( books are n wor? read+ at all4 ,! really vital books = u we also "k to be a v trifl+ portion ( ! :ole4 ,& yet we act z if e book 7 z good z any o!r1 z if x 7 m]ely a "q ( ord] :i* we take up fir/1 z if any book 7 good en\gh = u1 & z if all 7 alike hon\rable1 preci\s1 & satisfy+4 ,alas6 books _c be m ?an ! m5 :o write !m2 & z a fair proportion ( ! human race n[ write books1 ) motives & objects z v>i\s z human activity1 books1 z books1 are entitl$ priori1 until _! value is prov$1 to ! same att5tion & respect z h\ses1 /eam-eng9es1 pictures1 fiddles1 bonnets1 & o!r products ( human indu/ry4 ,9 ! %elves ( ^? libr>ies :i* are our pride1 libr>ies public or private1 circulat+ or v /ation>y1 are to be f\nd ^? great books ( ! _w r>i nantes 9 gurgite va/o1#bf ^? books :i* are truly ! preci\s life-blood ( a ma/]-_s4 ,b ! v famili>ity :i* _! mighty fame has br$ 9 u makes u indiff]5t2 we gr[ we>y ( :at e "o is suppos$ to h read2 & we take d[n some?+ :i* looks a little ecc5tric1 "s wor?less book1 on ! m]e gr\nd t we nev] he>d ( x be=e4 ,?us ! difficulties ( lit]ature are 9 _! way z great z ^? ( ! _w1 ! ob/acles to f9d+ ! "r fri5ds are z great1 ! p]il is z great ( be+ lo/ 9 a ,babel ( voices & an ev]-*ang+ mass ( be+s4 ,books are n wis] ?an m51 ! true books are n easi] to f9d ?an ! true m51 ! bad books or ! vulg> books are n less obtrusive & n less ubiquit\s ?an ! bad or vulg> m5 are ev]y:]e2 ! art ( "r read+ is z long & difficult to le>n z ! art ( "r liv+4 ,^? :o are on good t]ms ) ! fir/ au?or !y meet1 run z mu* risk z m5 :o surr5d] _! "t to ! fir/ pass] 9 ! /reet2 = to be op5 to e book is = ! mo/ "p to ga9 z little z possible f any4 ,a man aimlessly w&]+ ab\t 9 a cr[d$ city is ( all m5 ! mo/ lonely2 s he :o takes up only ! books t he comes across is pretty c]ta9 to meet b few t are wor? kn[+4 ,n[ ?is dang] is "o to :i* we are specially expos$ 9 ?is age4 ,our high-pressure life ( em]g5cies1 our :irl+ indu/rial organisation or disorganisation h br\ght u 9 ?is 7z 9 mo/ ?+s7 _! peculi> difficulties & drawbacks4 ,9 almo/ ev]y?+ va/ opportunities & gigantic means ( multiply+ our products br+ ) !m new p]ils & tr\bles :i* are (t5 at fir/ neglect$4 ,our huge cities1 :]e weal? is pil$ up & ! requirem5ts & appliances ( life ext5d$ beyond ! dreams ( our =efa!rs1 seem to bre$ 9 !mselves new =ms ( squalor1 disease1 blights1 or risks to life su* z we are yet unable to ma/]4 ,s ! enorm\s multiplicity ( mod]n books is n altoge!r fav\rable to ! kn[+ ( ! be/4 ,i li/5 ) mix$ satisfaction to ! paeans t !y *ant ov] ! works :i* issue f ! press ea* day3 h[ ! books p\r$ =? f ,pat]no/] ,r[ might 9 a few ye>s be built into a pyramid t w\ld fill ! dome ( ,/4 ,paul's4 ,h[ 9 ?is m\nta9 ( lit]ature am ,i to f9d ! really useful book8 ,h[1 :5 ,i h f\nd x1 & f\nd its value1 am ,i to get o!rs to read x8 ,h[ am ,i to keep my head cle> 9 ! torr5t & d9 ( works1 all ( :i* di/ract my att5tion1 mo/ ( :i* promise me some?+1 :il/ s few fulfil t promise8 ,! ,nile is ! s\rce ( ! ,egyptian's bread1 & )\t x he p]i%es ( hung]4 ,b ! ,nile may be r too lib]al 9 8 flood1 & !n ! ,egyptian runs imm95t risk ( dr[n+4 ,& ?us !re nev] 0 a "t1 at lea/ dur+ ! la/ two hundr$ ye>s1 :5 ! difficulties 9 ! way ( mak+ an effici5t use ( books 7 great] ?an !y are to-day1 :5 ! ob/acles 7 m real betwe5 read]s & ! "r books to read1 :5 x 0 practically s tr\blesome to f9d out t :i* x is ( vital importance to "k2 & t n by ! de>?1 b by ! ple?ora ( pr9t$ matt]4 ,= x comes to ne>ly ! same ?+ :e!r we are actually deb>r$ by physical impossibility1 f gett+ ! "r book into our h&1 or :e!r we are *ok$ (f f ! "r book by ! obtrusive cr[d ( ! wrong books2 s t x ne$s a /rong "* & a resolute sy/em ( read+ to keep ! head cool 9 ! /orm ( lit]ature ar\nd u4 ,we read n[adays 9 ! m>ket-place--,i w\ld r say 9 "s l>ge /eam factory ( lett]-press1 :]e damp %eets ( new pr9t :irl r\nd u p]petually--if x be n r "s noisy book-fair :]e lit]>y %[m5 tempt u ) p]=m+ dolls1 & ! gongs ( rival boo?s are /unn+ our e>s f morn till night4 ,contra/ ) ?is p&emonium ( ,leipsic & ,pat]no/] ,r[ ! sublime picture ( our ,milton 9 8 e>ly retirem5t at ,horton1 :51 mus+ ov] 8 com+ flight to ! epic heav51 practis+ 8 p9ions1 z he tells ,diodati1 he consum$ five ye>s ( solitude 9 read+ ! anci5t writ]s--,et totum rapiunt me1 mea vita1 libri4#bg ,:o n[ reads ! anci5t writ]s8 ,:o sy/ematically reads ! great writ]s1 be !y anci5t or mod]n1 :om ! cons5t ( ages has m>k$ out z classics3 typical1 immortal1 peculi> tea*]s ( our race8 ,alas6 ! ,p>adise ,lo/ is lo/ aga9 to u b5ea? an inundation ( graceful academic v]se1 sug>y /anzas ( ladylike prett9ess1 & ceaseless explanations 9 m or less readable prose ( :at ,john ,milton meant or did n mean1 or :at he saw or did n see1 :o m>ri$ 8 great-aunt1 & :y ,adam or ,satan is l t1 or unlike ! o!r4 ,we read a p]fect libr>y ab\t ! ,p>adise ,lo/1 b ! ,p>adise ,lo/ itself we d n read4 ,i am n presumptu\s en\gh to ass]t t ! l>g] "p ( mod]n lit]ature is n wor? read+ 9 itself1 t ! prose is n readable1 ent]ta9+1 "o may say highly in/ructive4 ,nor d ,i pret5d t ! v]ses :i* we read s zeal\sly 9 place ( ,milton's are n good v]ses4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i ?9k !m sweetly conceiv$1 z musical & z graceful z ! v]se ( any age 9 our hi/ory4 ,a great deal ( our mod]n lit]ature is su* t x is exce$+ly difficult to resi/ x1 & x is und5iable t x gives u real in=mation4 ,x seems p]haps unreasonable to _m to ass]t t a dec5t readable book :i* gives u actual in/ruction c be o!rwise ?an a useful companion & a solid ga94 ,possibly _m p are ready to cry out ^u me z an obscuranti/ = v5tur+ to d\bt a g5ial confid5ce 9 all lit]ature simply z su*4 ,b ! "q1 :i* weighs ^u me ) su* really cru%+ urg5cy is ?is3 ,:at are ! books t 9 our little remnant ( read+ "t x is mo/ vital = u to "k8 ,= ! true use ( books is ( su* sacr$ value to u t to be simply ent]ta9$ is to cease to be taught1 elevat$1 inspir$ by books2 m]ely to ga!r in=mation ( a *ance k9d is to close ! m9d to k ( ! urg5t k9d4 ,e book t we take up )\t a purpose is an opportunity lo/ ( tak+ up a book ) a purpose--e bit ( /ray in=mation :i* we cram into our heads )\t any s5se ( its importance1 is = ! mo/ "p a bit ( ! mo/ useful in=mation driv5 out ( our heads & *ok$ (f f our m9ds4 ,x is s c]ta9 t in=mation1 i4e41 ! k1 ! /or$ ?\ghts & obs]vations ( mank9d1 is n[ gr[n to proportions s utt]ly incalculable & prodigi\s1 t ev5 ! le>n$ ^: lives are giv5 to /udy c b pick up "s crumbs t fall f ! table ( tru?4 ,!y delve & t5d b a plot 9 t va/ & teem+ k+dom1 :il/ ^? :om active life leaves ) b a few cramp$ h\rs ( /udy c h>dly come to "k ! v va/ness ( ! field be=e !m1 or h[ inf9itesimally small is ! corn] !y c trav]se at ! be/4 ,we "k all is n ( equal value4 ,we "k t books diff] 9 value z mu* z diamonds diff] f ! s& on ! sea%ore1 z mu* z our liv+ fri5d diff]s f a dead rat4 ,we "k t mu* 9 ! myriad-peopl$ _w ( books--v mu* 9 all k9ds--is trivial1 en]vat+1 inane1 ev5 noxi\s4 ,& ?us1 :]e we h inf9ite opportunities ( wa/+ our ef=ts to no end1 ( fatigu+ our m9ds )\t enri*+ !m1 ( clogg+ ! _s )\t satisfy+ x1 !re1 ,i _c b ?9k1 ! v inf9ity ( opportunities is robb+ u ( ! actual p[] ( us+ !m4 ,& ?us ,i come (t51 9 my less hopeful moods1 to wat* ! remorseless cat>act ( daily lit]ature :i* ?und]s ov] ! remnants ( ! pa/1 z if x 7 a fre% imp$im5t to ! m5 ( our day 9 ! way ( sy/ematic k & consi/5t p[]s ( ?\ght1 z if x 7 de/9$ "o day to ov]:elm ! great inh]itance ( mank9d 9 prose & v]se4 ,i rememb]1 :5 ,i 0 a v "y man at college1 t a y\?1 9 no _s ( p>adox1 b out ( pl5>y conviction1 und]took to ma9ta9 be=e a body ( s]i\s /ud5ts1 ! a/\nd+ proposition t ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ _h be5 "o ( ! greate/ mis=tunes t _h ev] befall5 mank9d4 ,he argu$ t exclusive reliance on pr9t$ matt] _h de/roy$ ! high] me?od ( oral tea*+1 ! dissem9ation ( ?\ght by ! spok5 ^w to ! att5tive e>4 ,he insi/$ t ! =mation ( a va/ lit]>y class look+ to ! mak+ ( books z a means ( mak+ money1 r ?an z a social duty1 _h multipli$ books = ! sake ( ! writ]s r ?an = ! sake ( ! read]s2 t ! reliance on books z a *eap & common res\rce _h done mu* to weak5 ! p[]s ( memory2 t x de/roy$ ! crav+ = a g5]al culture ( ta/e1 & ! ne$ ( arti/ic expression 9 all ! surr\nd+s ( life4 ,& he argu$1 la/ly1 t ! sudd5 multiplication ( all k9ds ( pr9t$ matt] _h be5 fatal to ! ord]ly arrangem5t ( ?\ght1 & _h h9d]$ a sy/em ( k & a s*eme ( education4 ,i am f> f %>+ ?is immature view4 ,( c\rse ,i hold ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ to h be5 "o ( ! mo/ mom5t\s facts 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( man4 ,)\t x univ]sal social progress1 true democratic enlight5m5t1 & ! education ( ! p w\ld h be5 impossible1 or v sl[1 ev5 if ! cultur$ few1 z is likely1 c\ld h advanc$ ! k ( mank9d )\t x4 ,we place ,gut5b]g among/ ! small li/ ( ! unique & special b5efactors ( mank9d1 9 ! sacr$ *oir ( ^? ^: "w trans=m$ ! conditions ( life1 ^: "w1 once done1 c\ld nev] be repeat$4 ,& no d\bt ! ?+s :i* our ard5t fri5d reg>d$ z s fatal a di/urbance ( society 7 all inevitable & necess>y1 "p ( ! great revolution ( m9d ?r\gh :i* m5 grew out ( ! m$iaeval incomplet5ess to a ri*] conception ( life & ( ! _w4 ,yet !re is a s5se 9 :i* ?is boyi% ana!ma aga9/ pr9t+ may become true to u by our own fault4 ,we may create = ourselves ^! v evils4 ,= ! art ( pr9t+ has n be5 a gift :olly unmix$ ) evils2 x mu/ be us$ wisely if x is to be a boon to man at all2 x entails on u heavy responsibilities1 resolution to use x ) judgm5t & self-control1 & ! w to resi/ its temptations & its p]ils4 ,inde$1 we may easily s act t we may make x a clog on ! progress ( ! human m9d1 a real curse & n a boon4 ,! p[] ( fly+ at w ?r\gh space w\ld probably ext+ui% civilisation & society1 = x w\ld release u f ! :olesome bondage ( place & re/4 ,! p[] ( he>+ e ^w t _h ev] be5 utt]$ on ?is planet w\ld annihilate ?\ght1 z ! p[] ( kn[+ all record$ facts by ! process ( turn+ a h&le w\ld annihilate true sci5ce4 ,our human faculties & our m5tal =ces are n enl>g$ simply by multiply+ our mat]ials ( k & our facilities = communication4 ,telephones1 microphones1 pantoscopes1 /eam-presses1 & ubiquity-eng9es 9 g5]al may1 aft] all1 leave ! poor human bra9 pant+ & ?robb+ "u ! /ra9 ( its appliances1 no bigg] & no /rong] ?an ! bra9s ( ! m5 :o he>d ,moses speak1 & saw ,ari/otle & ,ar*im$es pond]+ ov] a few worn rolls ( crabb$ manuscript4 ,until "s new ,gut5b]g or ,watt c inv5t a ma*9e = magnify+ ! human m9d1 e fre% app>atus = multiply+ its "w is a fre% /ra9 on ! m9d1 a new realm = x to ord] & to rule4 ,& s1 ,i say x mo/ confid5tly1 ! fir/ intellectual task ( our age is rightly to ord] & make s]viceable ! va/ realm ( pr9t$ mat]ial :i* f\r c5turies h swept across our pa?4 ,to organise our k1 to sy/ematise our read+1 to save1 out ( ! rel5tless cat>act ( ink1 ! immortal ?\ghts ( ! greate/--?is is a necessity1 unless ! productive +5uity ( man is to lead u at la/ to a measureless & pa?less *aos4 ,to "k any?+ t turns up is1 9 ! inf9ity ( k1 to "k no?+4 ,to read ! fir/ book we come across1 9 ! wild]ness ( books1 is to le>n no?+4 ,to turn ov] ! pages ( t5 ?\s& volumes is to be practically indiff]5t to all t is good4 ,b ?is w>ns me t ,i am ent]+ on a subject :i* is f> too big & solemn4 ,x is pla9 t to organise our k1 ev5 to sy/ematise our read+1 to make a work+ selection ( books = g5]al /udy1 really implies a complete s*eme ( education4 ,a s*eme ( education ultimately implies a sy/em ( philosophy1 a view ( man's duty & p[]s z a moral & social be+--a religion4 ,be=e a problem s great z ?is1 on :i* read]s h su* diff]5t ideas & wants1 & diff] s pr(\ndly on ! v premises f :i* we />t1 be=e su* a problem z a g5]al !ory ( education1 ,i pref] to pause4 ,i w keep sil5ce ev5 f good words4 ,i h *os5 my own "p1 & adopt$ my own tea*]4 ,b to ask m5 to adopt ! education ( ,augu/e ,comte1 is almo/ to ask !m to adopt ,positivism itself4 ,nor w ,i enl>ge on ! matt] = ?\ght1 = =ebod+1 almo/ = despair1 t is pres5t$ to u by ! fact ( our famili> lit]>y ways & our recognis$ lit]>y pr(ession4 ,t ?+s inf9itely trifl+ 9 !mselves3 m51 ev5ts1 societies1 ph5om5a1 9 no way o!rwise m valuable ?an ! myriad o!r ?+s :i* flit ar\nd u l ! sp>r[s on ! h\setop1 %\ld be glorifi$1 magnifi$1 & p]petuat$1 set "u a lit]>y microscope & focuss$ 9 ! blaze ( a lit]>y magic-lant]n--n = :at !y are 9 !mselves1 b solely to amuse & excite ! _w by %[+ h[ x c be done--all ?is is to me s amaz+1 s he>t-break+1 t ,i =be> n[ to treat x1 z ,i _c say all t ,i w\ld4 ,! ,*oice ( ,books is really ! *oice ( our education1 ( a moral & intellectual ideal1 ( ! :ole duty ( man4 ,b ?\gh ,i %r9k f any s high a !me1 a few words are ne$$ to indicate my g5]al po9t ( view 9 ! matt]4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 :5 we speak ab\t books1 let u avoid ! extravagance ( expect+ too mu* f books1 ! p$ant's habit ( extoll+ books z synonym\s ) education4 ,books are no m education ?an laws are virtue2 & j z pr(ligacy is easy )9 ! /rict limits ( law1 a b\ndless k ( books may be f\nd ) a n>r[ education4 ,a man may be1 z ! poet sai?1 deep v]s'd 9 books1 & %all[ 9 himself4 ,we ne$ to "k 9 ord] t we may feel rightly & act wisely4 ,! ?ir/ aft] tru? itself may be pu%$ to a degree :]e indulg5ce enfeebles our sympa?ies & unn]ves u 9 action4 ,( all m5 p]haps ! book-lov] ne$s mo/ to be rem9d$ t man's bus9ess "h is to "k = ! sake ( liv+1 n to live = ! sake ( kn[+4 ,a heal?y mode ( read+ w\ld foll[ ! l9es ( a s\nd education4 ,& ! fir/ canon ( a s\nd education is to make x ! in/rum5t to p]fect ! :ole nature & "*4 ,its aims are compreh5sive1 n special2 !y reg>d life z a :ole1 n m5tal curiosity2 !y h to give u1 n s mu* mat]ials1 z capacities4 ,s t1 h[ev] mod]ate & limit$ ! opportunity = education1 9 its way x %\ld be always m or less symmetrical & balanc$1 appeal+ equally 9 turn to ! ?ree gr& intellectual elem5ts--imag9ation1 memory1 reflection3 & s hav+ some?+ to give u 9 poetry1 9 hi/ory1 9 sci5ce1 & 9 philosophy4 ,& ?us our read+ w be sadly "o-sid$1 h[ev] volum9\s x be1 if x entirely close to u any ( ! great types & ideals :i* ! creative in/9ct ( man has produc$1 if x %ut out f u ei!r ! anci5t _w1 or o!r ,european poetry1 z important almo/ z our own4 ,:5 our read+1 h[ev] deep1 runs :olly into pockets1 & exhau/s itself 9 ! lit]ature ( "o age1 "o c\ntry1 "o type1 !n we may be sure t x is t5d+ to n>r[ or de=m our m9ds4 ,& ! m x leads u into curi\s byways & nurtures u into indiff]5ce = ! beat5 highways ( ! _w1 ! soon] we %all end1 if we be n speciali/s & /ud5ts by pr(ession1 9 ceas+ to treat our books z ! companions & solace ( our lifetime1 & 9 us+ !m z ! in/rum5ts ( a ref9$ sort ( self-indulg5ce4 ,a wise education1 & s judici\s read+1 %\ld leave no great type ( ?\ght1 no dom9ant phase ( human nature1 :olly a blank4 ,:e!r our read+ be great or small1 s f> z x goes1 x %\ld be g5]al4 ,if our lives admit ( b a %ort space = read+1 all ! m reason t1 s f> z may be1 x %\ld rem9d u ( ! va/ expanse ( human ?\ght1 & ! wond]ful v>iety ( human nature4 ,to read1 & yet s to read t we see no?+ b a corn] ( lit]ature1 ! loose fr+e1 or flats & wa/es ( lett]s1 & by read+ only deep5 our natural belief t ?is isl& is ! hub ( ! univ]se1 & ! n9ete5? c5tury ! only age wor? notice1 all ?is is really to call 9 ! aid ( books to ?ick5 & h>d5 our untaught prejudices4 ,be x imag9ation1 memory1 or reflection t we address--t is1 9 poetry1 hi/ory1 sci5ce1 or philosophy1 our fir/ duty is to aim at kn[+ some?+ at lea/ ( ! be/1 at gett+ "s def9ite idea ( ! mighty realm ^: out] rim we are p]mitt$ to approa*4 ,b h[ are we to "k ! be/2 h[ are we to ga9 ?is def9ite idea ( ! va/ _w ( lett]s8 ,!re are "s :o appe> to suppose t ! be/ are kn[n only to exp]ts 9 an esot]ic way1 :o may reveal to inquir]s :at s*oolboys & bett+-m5 describe z tips4 ,!re are no tips 9 lit]ature2 ! be/ au?ors are nev] d>k horses2 we ne$ no cramm]s & coa*es to ?ru/ u into ! pres5ce ( ! great writ]s ( all "t4 ,cramm]s w only lead u wrong4 ,x is a ?+ f> easi] & m common ?an _m imag9e1 to discov] ! be/4 ,x ne$s no rese>*1 no le>n+1 & is only misguid$ by recondite in=mation4 ,! _w has long ago clos$ ! great assize ( lett]s & judg$ ! fir/ places ev]y:]e4 ,9 su* a matt] ! judgm5t ( ! _w1 guid$ & in=m$ by a long succession ( accompli%$ critics1 is almo/ un]r+4 ,:5 "s ,zoilus f9ds blemi%es 9 ,hom]1 & pref]s1 x may be1 ! "w ( "s ,apollonius ( 8 own discov]+1 we only laugh4 ,!re may be d\bts ab\t ! ?ird & f\r? rank2 b ! fir/ & ! second are h>dly op5 to discussion4 ,! gates :i* lead to ! ,elysian fields may sl[ly :eel back on _! adamant9e h+es to admit n[ & !n "s new & *os5 mod]n4 ,b ! company ( ! ma/]s ( ^? :o "k1 & 9 especial degree ( ! great poets1 is a roll long clos$ & complete1 & !y :o are ( x hold ev] peaceful conv]se toge!r4 ,h5ce we may f9d x a useful maxim t1 if our read+ be utt]ly clos$ to ! great poems ( ! _w1 !re is some?+ amiss ) our read+4 ,if y f9d ,milton1 ,dante1 ,cald]on1 ,goe!1 s mu* ,hebrew-,greek to y2 if y\r ,hom] & ,virgil1 y\r ,molire & ,scott1 re/ ye> aft] ye> undi/urb$ on _! %elves beside y\r s*ool trigonometry & y\r old college text-books2 if y h nev] op5$ ! ,cid1 ! ,nibelung51 ,crusoe1 & ,don ,quixote s9ce y 7 a boy1 & are wont to leave ! ,bible & ! ,imitation = "s wet ,sunday aft]noon--"k1 fri5d1 t y\r read+ c d y little real good4 ,y\r m5tal dige/ion is ru9$ or sadly out ( ord]4 ,no d\bt1 to ?\s&s ( intellig5t educat$ m5 :o call !mselves read]s1 ! read+ ?r\gh a ,canto ( ,! ,purgatorio1 or a ,book ( ! ,p>adise ,lo/1 is a task z irksome z x w\ld be to deciph] an ill-writt5 manuscript 9 a language t is almo/ =gott54 ,b1 al?\gh we are n to be always read+ epics1 & are *iefly 9 ! mood = slight] ?+s1 to be absolutely unable to read ,milton or ,dante ) enjoym5t1 is to be 9 a v bad way4 ,ari/ophanes1 ,!ocritus1 ,boccaccio1 ,c]vantes1 ,molire are (t5 z light z ! driv5 foam2 b !y are n light en\gh = ! g5]al read]4 ,_! hum\r is too bright & lovely = ! gr\ndl+s4 ,!y are1 alas6 classics1 some:at ap>t f our ev]yday ways2 !y are n banal en\gh = u2 & s = u !y slumb] unkn[n 9 a long night1 j because !y are immortal poets1 & are n scribbl]s ( to-day4 ,:5 w m5 und]/& t ! read+ ( great books is a faculty to be acquir$1 n a natural gift1 at lea/ n to ^? :o are spoil$ by our curr5t education & habits ( life8 ,ceci tu]a cela1#bh ! la/ great poet might h said ( ! fir/ circulat+ libr>y4 ,an insatiable appetite = new novels makes x z h>d to read a ma/]piece z x seems to a ,p>isian b\lev>di] to live 9 a quiet c\ntry4 ,until a man c truly enjoy a draft ( cle> wat] bubbl+ f a m\nta9 side1 8 ta/e is 9 an un:olesome /ate4 ,& s he :o f9ds ! ,heliconian spr+ insipid %\ld look to ! /ate ( 8 n]ves4 ,putt+ aside ! ic$ air ( ! difficult m\nta9 tops ( epic1 trag$y1 or psalm1 !re are "s simple pieces :i* may s]ve z an un]r+ te/ ( a heal?y or a vici\s ta/e = imag9ative "w4 ,if ! ,cid1 ! ,vita ,nuova1 ! ,cant]bury ,tales1 ,%akespe>e's ,sonnets1 & ,lycidas pall on a man2 if he c>e n = ,malory's ,morte d',ar?ur & ! ,r$ ,cross ,knight2 if he ?9ks ,crusoe & ! ,vic> books = ! "y2 if he ?rill n ) ,! ,ode to ! ,we/ ,w9d1 & ,! ,ode to a ,grecian ,urn2 if he h no /oma* = ,*ri/abel or ! l9es writt5 on ,! ,wye above ,t9t]n ,abbey1 he %\ld fall on 8 knees & pray = a cleanli] & quiet] _s4 ,! intellectual sy/em ( mo/ ( u 9 ^! days ne$s to purge & to live cleanly4 ,only by a c\rse ( treatm5t %all we br+ our m9ds to feel at peace ) ! gr& pure works ( ! _w4 ,some?+ we ought all to "k ( ! ma/]pieces ( antiquity1 & ( ! o!r nations ( ,europe4 ,to und]/& a great national poet1 su* z ,dante1 ,cald]on1 ,corneille1 or ,goe!1 is to "k o!r types ( human civilisation 9 ways :i* a libr>y ( hi/ories does n suffici5tly tea*4 ,! great ma/]pieces ( ! _w are ?us1 q ap>t f ! *>m & solace !y give u1 ! ma/] in/rum5ts ( a solid education4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bc3 ,f ,! ,*oice ( ,books1 #ahia4 ,pr9t$ "h by p]mission ( ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,footnote #bd3 ,books int5sely desir$4 ,footnote #be3 ,?+ said 9 pass+4 ,footnote #bf3 ,float+ scatt]$ on ! va/ abyss4 ,footnote #bg3 ,& "h my books--my life--absorb me :ole1 ,c[p]'s translation ( ,milton's ,lat9 ,epi/le to ,diodati4 ,footnote #bh3 ,?is w de/roy t4 ,,on ,,go+ ,a ,,j\rney#bi ,,william ,,hazlitt ,"o ( ! pleasante/ ?+s 9 ! _w is go+ a j\rney2 b ,i l to g by myself4 ,i c enjoy society 9 a room2 b out ( doors1 nature is company en\gh = me4 ,i am !n nev] less alone ?an :5 alone4 ,! fields 8 /udy1 nature 0 8 book4 ,i _c see ! wit ( walk+ & talk+ at ! same "t4 ,:5 ,i am 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i wi% to vegetate l ! c\ntry4 ,i am n = criticis+ h$ge-r[s & black cattle4 ,i g out ( t[n 9 ord] to =get ! t[n & all t is 9 x4 ,!re are ^? :o = ?is purpose g to wat]+-places1 & c>ry ! metropolis ) !m4 ,i l m elb[-room1 & few] encumbrances4 ,i l solitude1 :5 ,i give myself up to x1 = ! sake ( solitude2 nor d ,i ask = ------a fri5d 9 my retreat1 ,:om ,i may :isp] solitude is sweet4 ,! s\l ( a j\rney is lib]ty1 p]fect lib]ty1 to ?9k1 feel1 d j z "o pleases4 ,we g a j\rney *iefly to be free ( all imp$im5ts & ( all inconv5i5ces2 to leave ourselves beh9d1 mu* m to get rid ( o!rs4 ,x is because ,i want a little brea?+-space to muse on indiff]5t matt]s1 :]e ,contemplation ,may plume h] fea!rs & let gr[ h] w+s1 ,t 9 ! v>i\s bu/le ( resort ,7 all too ruffl$1 & sometimes impair'd1 t ,i abs5t myself f ! t[n = a :ile1 )\t feel+ at a loss ! mom5t ,i am left by myself4 ,in/ead ( a fri5d 9 a po/*aise or 9 a ,tilbury1 to ex*ange good ?+s )1 & v>y ! same /ale topics ov] aga91 = once let me h a truce ) imp]t95ce4 ,give me ! cle> blue sky ov] my head1 & ! gre5 turf b5ea? my feet1 a w9d+ road be=e me1 & a ?ree h\rs' m>* to d9n]--& !n to ?9k+6 ,x is h>d if ,i _c />t "s game on ^! lone hea?s4 ,i laugh1 ,i run1 ,i leap1 ,i s+ = joy4 ,f ! po9t ( yond] roll+ cl\d1 ,i plunge into my pa/ be+1 & revel !re1 z ! sunburnt ,indian plunges headlong into ! wave t wafts him to 8 native %ore4 ,!n long-=gott5 ?+s1 l sunk5 wrack & sumless treasuries1 bur/ ^u my eag] sight1 & ,i beg9 to feel1 ?9k1 & be myself aga94 ,in/ead ( an awkw>d sil5ce1 brok5 by attempts at wit or dull commonplaces1 m9e is t undi/urb$ sil5ce ( ! he>t :i* alone is p]fect eloqu5ce4 ,no "o likes puns1 allit]ations1 anti!ses1 argum5ts1 & analysis bett] ?an ,i d2 b ,i sometimes _h r be )\t !m4 ,leave1 oh1 leave me to my repose6 ,i h j n[ o!r bus9ess 9 h&1 :i* w\ld seem idle to y1 b is ) me v /uff ( ! consci5ce4 ,is n ?is wild rose sweet )\t a comm5t8 ,does n ?is daisy leap to my he>t set 9 its coat ( em]ald4 ,yet if ,i 7 to expla9 to y ! circum/ance t has s ende>$ x to me1 y w\ld only smile4 ,_h ,i n bett] !n keep x to myself1 & let x s]ve me to brood ov]1 f "h to yond] craggy po9t1 & f !nce onw>d to ! f>-di/ant horizon8 ,i %\ld be b bad company all t way1 & !re=e pref] be+ alone4 ,i h he>d x said t y may1 :5 ! moody fit comes on1 walk or ride on by y\rself1 & indulge y\r rev]ies4 ,b ?is looks l a brea* ( mann]s1 a neglect ( o!rs1 & y are ?9k+ all ! "t t y ought to rejo9 y\r p>ty4 ,out ^u su* half-fac$ fell[%ip1 say ,i4 ,i l to be ei!r entirely to myself1 or entirely at ! disposal ( o!rs2 to talk or be sil5t1 to walk or sit /ill1 to be sociable or solit>y4 ,i 0 pleas$ ) an obs]vation ( ,mr4 ,cobbett's t he ?\ght x a bad ,fr5* cu/om to dr9k our w9e ) our meals1 & t an ,engli%man ought to d only "o ?+ at a "t4 ,s ,i _c talk & ?9k1 or indulge 9 melan*oly mus+ & lively conv]sation by fits & />ts4 ,let me h a companion ( my way1 says ,/]ne1 7 x b to rem>k h[ ! %ad[s l5g!n z ! sun decl9es4 ,x is beautifully said3 b 9 my op9ion1 ?is cont9ual comp>+ ( notes int]f]es ) ! involunt>y impression ( ?+s ^u ! m9d1 & hurts ! s5tim5t4 ,if y only h9t :at y feel 9 a k9d ( dumb %[1 x is insipid3 if y h to expla9 x1 x is mak+ a toil ( a pleasure4 ,y _c read ! book ( nature1 )\t be+ p]petually put to ! tr\ble ( translat+ x = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,i am = ! syn!tical me?od on a j\rney1 9 pref]5ce to ! analytical4 ,i am cont5t to lay 9 a /ock ( ideas !n1 & to exam9e & anatomise !m aft]w>ds4 ,i want to see my vague notions float l ! d[n ( ! ?i/le be=e ! breeze1 & n to h !m entangl$ 9 ! bri>s & ?orns ( controv]sy4 ,= once1 ,i l to h x all my own way2 & ?is is impossible unless y are alone1 or 9 su* company z ,i d n covet4 ,i h no objection to argue a po9t ) any "o = tw5ty miles ( measur$ road1 b n = pleasure4 ,if y rem>k ! sc5t ( a beanfield cross+ ! road1 p]haps y\r fell[-travell] has no smell4 ,if y po9t to a di/ant object1 p]haps he is %ort-sight$1 & has to take out 8 glass to look at x4 ,!re is a feel+ 9 ! air1 a tone 9 ! col\r ( a cl\d :i* hits y\r fancy1 b ! effect ( :i* y are unable to acc\nt =4 ,!re is !n no sympa?y1 b an uneasy crav+ aft] x1 & a dissatisfaction :i* pursues y on ! way1 & 9 ! end probably produces ill hum\r4 ,n[ ,i nev] qu>rel ) myself1 & take all my own conclusions = grant$ till ,i f9d x necess>y to def5d !m aga9/ objections4 ,x is n m]ely t y may n be ( accord on ! objects & circum/ances t pres5t !mselves be=e y--^! may recall a numb] ( objects1 & lead to associations too delicate & ref9$ to be possibly communicat$ to o!rs4 ,yet ^! ,i love to *]i%1 & sometimes /ill fondly clut* !m1 :5 ,i c escape f ! ?rong to d s4 ,to give way to our feel+s be=e company1 seems extravagance or affectation2 & on ! o!r h&1 to h to unravel ?is my/]y ( our be+ at e turn1 & to make o!rs take an equal int]e/ 9 x 7o!rwise ! end is n answ]$7 is a task to :i* few are compet5t4 ,we mu/ give x an und]/&+1 b no tongue4 ,my old fri5d ,c----1 h[ev]1 c\ld d bo?4 ,he c\ld g on 9 ! mo/ delightful explanatory way ov] hill & dale1 a summ]'s day1 & conv]t a l&scape into a didactic poem or a ,p9d>ic ode4 ,he talk$ f> above s++4 ,if ,i c\ld s clo! my ideas 9 s\nd+ & fl[+ words1 ,i might p]haps wi% to h "s "o ) me to admire ! swell+ !me2 or ,i c\ld be m cont5t1 7 x possible = me /ill to he> 8 e*o+ voice 9 ! woods ( ,all-,foxd54 ,!y _h t f9e madness 9 !m :i* our fir/ poets _h2 & if !y c\ld h be5 caught by "s r>e in/rum5t1 w\ld h brea!d su* /ra9s z ! foll[+4 ------,"h be woods z gre5 ,z any1 air likewise z fre% & sweet ,z :5 smoo? ,zephyrus plays on ! fleet ,face ( ! curl$ /ream1 ) fl['rs z _m ,z ! "y spr+ gives1 & z *oice z any2 ,"h be all new delights1 cool /reams & wells1 ,arb\rs o'ergr[n ) woodb9e1 caves & dells2 ,*oose :]e ?\ wilt1 :ile ,i sit by & s+1 ,or ga!r ru%es to make _m a r+ ,= ?y long f+]s2 tell !e tales ( love1 ,h[ ! pale ,phoebe1 hunt+ 9 a grove1 ,fir/ saw ! boy ,endymion1 f ^: eyes ,%e took et]nal fire t nev] dies2 ,h[ %e convey'd him s(tly 9 a sleep1 ,8 temples b\nd ) poppy1 to ! /eep ,head ( old ,latmos1 :]e %e /oops ea* night1 ,gild+ ! m\nta9 ) h] bro!r's light1 ,to kiss h] sweete/4------ ,,fai?ful ,,%eph]dess4 ,_h ,i words & images at comm& l ^!1 ,i w\ld attempt to wake ! ?\ghts t lie slumb]+ on gold5 ridges 9 ! ev5+ cl\ds3 b at ! sight ( nature my fancy1 poor z x is1 droops & closes up its leaves1 l fl[]s at sunset4 ,i c make no?+ out on ! spot3--,i mu/ h "t to collect myself4-- ,9 g5]al1 a good ?+ spoils out-(-door prospects3 x %\ld be res]v$ = ,table-talk4 ,l---- is = ?is reason1 ,i take x1 ! wor/ company 9 ! _w out ( doors2 because he is ! be/ )94 ,i grant1 !re is "o subject on :i* x is pleasant to talk on a j\rney2 & t is1 :at "o %all h = supp] :5 we get to our inn at night4 ,! op5 air improves ?is sort ( conv]sation or fri5dly alt]cation1 by sett+ a ke5] edge on appetite4 ,e mile ( ! road height5s ! flav\r ( ! vi&s we expect at ! end ( x4 ,h[ f9e x is to ent] "s old t[n1 wall$ & turret$1 j at ! approa* ( nightfall1 or to come to "s /raggl+ village1 ) ! lights /ream+ ?r\gh ! surr\nd+ gloom2 & !n aft] inquir+ = ! be/ ent]ta9m5t t ! place af=ds1 to take "o's ease at "o's inn6 ,^! ev5tful mom5ts 9 our lives' hi/ory are too preci\s1 too full ( solid1 he>tfelt happ9ess to be fritt]$ & dribbl$ away 9 imp]fect sympa?y4 ,i w\ld h !m all to myself1 & dra9 !m to ! la/ drop3 !y w d to talk ( or to write ab\t aft]w>ds4 ,:at a delicate speculation x is1 aft] dr9k+ :ole goblets ( tea1 ,! cups t *e]1 b n inebriate1 & lett+ ! fumes asc5d into ! bra91 to sit consid]+ :at we %all h = supp]--eggs & a ra%]1 a rabbit smo!r$ 9 onions1 or an excell5t veal-cutlet6 ,san*o#cj 9 su* a situation once fix$ ^u c[-heel2 & 8 *oice1 ?\gh he c\ld n help x1 is n to be disp>ag$4 ,!n 9 ! int]vals ( pictur$ sc5]y & ,%&ean contemplation1 to cat* ! prep>ation & ! /ir 9 ! kit*5--,procul1 ,o procul e/e pr(ani6#ca ,^! h\rs are sacr$ to sil5ce & to mus+1 to be treasur$ up 9 ! memory1 & to fe$ ! s\rce ( smil+ ?\ghts h]eaft]4 ,i w\ld n wa/e !m 9 idle talk2 or if ,i mu/ h ! integrity ( fancy brok5 9 ^u1 ,i w\ld r x 7 by a /rang] ?an a fri5d4 ,a /rang] takes 8 hue & "* f ! "t & place2 he is a "p ( ! furniture & co/ume ( an inn4 ,if he is a ,quak]1 or f ! ,we/ ,rid+ ( ,york%ire1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,i d n ev5 try to sympa?ise ) him1 & he breaks no squ>es4 ,i associate no?+ ) my travell+ companion b pres5t objects & pass+ ev5ts4 ,9 8 ignorance ( me & my affairs1 ,i 9 a mann] =get myself4 ,b a fri5d rem9ds "o ( o!r ?+s1 rips up old grievances1 & de/roys ! ab/raction ( ! sc5e4 ,he comes 9 ungraci\sly betwe5 u & our imag9>y "*4 ,some?+ is dropp$ 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation t gives a h9t ( y\r pr(ession & pursuits2 or f hav+ "s "o ) y t kn[s ! less sublime portions ( y\r hi/ory1 x seems t o!r p d4 ,y are no long] a citiz5 ( ! _w3 b y\r unh\s$ free condition is put into circumscription & conf9e4 ,! incognito ( an inn is "o ( its /rik+ privileges--"l ( "o's self1 uncumb]'d ) a "n4 ,oh6 x is great to %ake (f ! trammels ( ! _w & ( public op9ion--to lose our importunate1 torm5t+1 ev]la/+ p]sonal id5tity 9 ! elem5ts ( nature1 & become ! creature ( ! mom5t1 cle> ( all ties--to hold to ! univ]se only by a di% ( sweet-breads1 & to owe no?+ b ! score ( ! ev5+--& no long] seek+ = applause & meet+ ) contempt1 to be kn[n by no o!r title ?an ! ,g5tleman 9 ! p>l\r6 ,"o may take "o's *oice ( all *>act]s 9 ?is romantic /ate ( unc]ta9ty z to "o's real pret5sions1 & become indef9itely respectable & negatively rightwor%ipful4 ,we baffle prejudice & disappo9t conjecture2 & f be+ s to o!rs1 beg9 to be objects ( curiosity & wond] ev5 to ourselves4 ,we are no m ^? hackney$ commonplaces t we appe> 9 ! _w3 an inn re/ores u to ! level ( nature1 & quits scores ) society6 ,i h c]ta9ly sp5t "s enviable h\rs at inns--sometimes :5 ,i h be5 left entirely to myself1 & h tri$ to solve "s metaphysical problem1 z once at ,)am-common1 :]e ,i f\nd out ! pro( t lik5ess is n a case ( ! association ( ideas--at o!r times1 :5 !re h be5 pictures 9 ! room1 z at ,/4 ,neot's 7,i ?9k x 07 :]e ,i fir/ met ) ,gribel9's engrav+s ( ! ,c>toons1 into :i* ,i ent]$ at once1 & at a little inn on ! bord]s ( ,wales1 :]e !re happ5$ to be hang+ "s ( ,we/all's draw+s1 :i* ,i comp>$ triumphantly 7= a !ory t ,i _h1 n = ! admir$ arti/7 ) ! figure ( a girl :o _h f]ri$ me ov] ! ,sev]n1 /&+ up 9 ! boat betwe5 me & ! twilight--at o!r times ,i might m5tion luxuriat+ 9 books1 ) a peculi> int]e/ 9 ?is way1 z ,i rememb] sitt+ up half ! night to read ,paul & ,virg9ia1 :i* ,i pick$ up at an inn at ,bridgewat]1 aft] be+ dr5*$ 9 ! ra9 all day2 & at ! same place ,i got ?r\gh two volumes ( ,madame ,d',arblay's ,camilla4 ,x 0 on ! t5? ( ,april1 #agih1 t ,i sat d[n to a volume ( ! ,new ,eloise1 at ! inn at ,llangoll51 ov] a bottle ( %]ry & a cold *ick54 ,! lett] ,i *ose 0 t 9 :i* ,/4 ,preux describes 8 feel+s z he fir/ caught a glimpse f ! heights ( ! ,jura ( ! ,pays de ,vaud1 :i* ,i _h br\ght ) me z a bon b\*e#cb1 to cr[n ! ev5+ )4 ,x 0 my bir?day1 & ,i _h = ! fir/ "t come f a place 9 ! neighb\rhood to visit ?is delightful spot4 ,! road to ,llangoll5 turns (f betwe5 ,*irk & ,wrexham2 & on pass+ a c]ta9 po9t1 y come all at once ^u ! valley1 :i* op5s l an amphi!atre1 broad1 b>r5 hills ris+ 9 maje/ic /ate on ei!r side1 ) gre5 upl& swells t e*o to ! bleat ( flocks bel[1 & ! riv] ,dee babbl+ ov] its /ony b$ 9 ! mid/ ( !m4 ,! valley at ?is "t glitt]$ gre5 ) sunny %[]s1 & a budd+ a%-tree dipp$ its t5d] bran*es 9 ! *id+ /ream4 ,h[ pr\d1 h[ glad ,i 0 to walk along ! high road t ov]looks ! delici\s prospect1 repeat+ ! l9es :i* ,i h j quot$ f ,mr4 ,col]idge's poems6 ,b besides ! prospect :i* op5$ b5ea? my feet1 ano!r also op5$ to my inw>d sight1 a heav5ly vision1 on :i* 7 writt51 9 lett]s l>ge z ,hope c\ld make !m1 ^! f\r words1 ,,lib]ty1 ,,g5ius1 ,,love1 ,,virtue2 :i* h s9ce fad$ into ! light ( common day1 or mock my idle gaze4 ,! beautiful is vani%$1 & returns n4 ,/ill ,i w\ld return "s "t or o!r to ?is en*ant$ spot2 b ,i w\ld return to x alone4 ,:at o!r self c\ld ,i f9d to %>e t influx ( ?\ghts1 ( regret1 & delight1 ! fragm5ts ( :i* ,i c\ld h>dly conjure up to myself1 s mu* h !y be5 brok5 & defac$6 ,i c\ld /& on "s tall rock1 & ov]look ! precipice ( ye>s t sep>ates me f :at ,i !n 04 ,i 0 at t "t go+ %ortly to visit ! poet :om ,i h above nam$4 ,:]e is he n[8 ,n only ,i myself h *ang$2 ! _w1 :i* 0 !n new to me1 has become old & incorrigible4 ,yet w ,i turn to !e 9 ?\ght1 ,o sylvan ,dee1 9 joy1 9 y\? & gladness z ?\ !n w]t2 & ?\ %alt always be to me ! riv] ( ,p>adise1 :]e ,i w dr9k ( ! wat]s ( life freely6 ,!re is h>dly any ?+ t %[s ! %ort-sight$ness or caprici\sness ( ! imag9ation m ?an travell+ does4 ,) *ange ( place we *ange our ideas2 nay1 our op9ions & feel+s4 ,we c by an ef=t inde$ transport ourselves to old & long-=gott5 sc5es1 & !n ! picture ( ! m9d revives aga92 b we =get ^? t we h j left4 ,x seems t we c ?9k b ( "o place at a "t4 ,! canvas ( ! fancy is b ( a c]ta9 ext5t1 & if we pa9t "o set ( objects ^u x1 !y imm$iately efface e o!r4 ,we _c enl>ge our conceptions1 we only %ift our po9t ( view4 ,! l&scape b>es its bosom to ! enraptur$ eye1 we take our fill ( x1 & seem z if we c\ld =m no o!r image ( beauty or gr&eur4 ,we pass on1 & ?9k no m ( x3 ! horizon t %uts x f our sight1 also blots x f our memory l a dream4 ,9 travell+ ?r\gh a wild b>r5 c\ntry1 ,i c =m no idea ( a woody & cultivat$ "o4 ,x appe>s to me t all ! _w mu/ be b>r51 l :at ,i see ( x4 ,9 ! c\ntry we =get ! t[n1 & 9 t[n we despise ! c\ntry4 ,beyond ,hyde ,p>k1 says ,sir ,fopl+ ,flutt]1 all is a des]t4 ,all t "p ( ! map t we d n see be=e u is a blank4 ,! _w 9 our conceit ( x is n mu* bigg] ?an a nut%ell4 ,x is n "o prospect exp&$ into ano!r1 c\nty jo9$ to c\nty1 k+dom to k+dom1 l&s to seas1 mak+ an image volum9\s & va/2--! m9d c =m no l>g] idea ( space ?an ! eye c take 9 at a s+le glance4 ,! re/ is a "n writt5 9 a map1 a calculation ( ari?metic4 ,= in/ance1 :at is ! true signification ( t imm5se mass ( t]ritory & population1 kn[n by ! "n ( ,*9a1 to u8 ,an in* ( pa/e-bo>d on a wood5 globe1 ( no m acc\nt ?an a ,*9a orange6 ,?+s ne> u are se5 ( ! size ( life3 ?+s at a di/ance are dim9i%$ to ! size ( ! und]/&+4 ,we measure ! univ]se by ourselves1 & ev5 compreh5d ! texture ( our own be+ only piecemeal4 ,9 ?is way1 h[ev]1 we rememb] an inf9ity ( ?+s & places4 ,! m9d is l a me*anical in/rum5t t plays a great v>iety ( tunes1 b x mu/ play !m 9 succession4 ,"o idea recalls ano!r1 b x at ! same "t excludes all o!rs4 ,9 try+ to r5ew old recollections1 we _c z x 7 unfold ! :ole web ( our exi/5ce2 we mu/ pick out ! s+le ?reads4 ,s 9 com+ to a place :]e we h =m]ly liv$ & ) :i* we h intimate associations1 e "o mu/ h f\nd t ! feel+ gr[s m vivid ! ne>] we approa* ! spot1 f ! m]e anticipation ( ! actual impression3 we rememb] circum/ances1 feel+s1 p]sons1 faces1 names1 t we _h n ?\ght ( = ye>s2 b = ! "t all ! re/ ( ! _w is =gott56 ,to return to ! "q ,i h quitt$ above4 ,i h no objection to g to see ru9s1 aqu$ucts1 pictures1 9 company ) a fri5d or a p>ty1 b r ! contr>y1 = ! =m] reason rev]s$4 ,!y are intelligible matt]s1 & w be> talk+ ab\t4 ,! s5tim5t "h is n tacit1 b communicable & ov]t4 ,salisbury ,pla9 is b>r5 ( criticism1 b ,/oneh5ge w be> a discussion antiqu>ian1 picturesque1 & philosophical4 ,9 sett+ out on a p>ty ( pleasure1 ! fir/ consid]ation always is :]e we %all g to2 9 tak+ a solit>y ramble1 ! "q is :at we %all meet ) by ! way4 ,! m9d is its own place2 nor are we anxi\s to arrive at ! end ( our j\rney4 ,i c myself d ! hon\rs indiff]5tly well to works ( art & curiosity4 ,i once took a p>ty to ,ox=d ) no mean clat--%[$ !m t seat ( ! ,muses at a di/ance1 ,) gli/]+ spires & p9nacles adorn'd-- descant$ on ! le>n$ air t brea!s f ! grassy quadrangles & /one walls ( halls & colleges--0 at home 9 ! ,bodleian2 & at ,bl5heim q sup]s$$ ! p[d]$ ,cic]oni t att5d$ u1 & t po9t$1 9 va9 ) 8 w& to commonplace beauties 9 mat*less pictures4--,z ano!r exception to ! above reason+1 ,i %\ld n feel confid5t 9 v5tur+ on a j\rney 9 a =eign c\ntry )\t a companion4 ,i %\ld want at int]vals to he> ! s\nd ( my own language4 ,!re is an involunt>y antipa?y 9 ! m9d ( an ,engli%man to =eign mann]s & notions t requires ! assi/ance ( social sympa?y to c>ry x (f4 ,z ! di/ance f home increases1 ?is relief1 :i* 0 at fir/ a luxury1 becomes a passion & an appetite4 ,a p]son w\ld almo/ feel /ifl$ to f9d himself 9 ! des]ts ( ,arabia )\t fri5ds & c\ntrym53 !re mu/ be all[$ to be some?+ 9 ! view ( ,a!ns or old ,rome t claims ! utt]ance ( spee*2 & ,i own t ! ,pyramids are too mighty = any s+le contemplation4 ,9 su* situations1 s opposite to all "o's ord9>y tra9 ( ideas1 "o seems a species by "o's self1 a limb torn (f f society1 unless "o c meet ) in/ant fell[%ip & support4--,yet ,i did n feel ?is want or crav+ v press+ once1 :5 ,i fir/ set my foot on ! laugh+ %ores ( ,france4 ,calais 0 peopl$ ) novelty & delight4 ,! confus$1 busy murmur ( ! place 0 l oil & w9e p\r$ into my e>s2 nor did ! m>9]s' hymn1 :i* 0 sung f ! top ( an old crazy vessel 9 ! h>b\r1 z ! sun w5t d[n1 s5d an ali5 s\nd into my s\l4 ,i only brea!d ! air ( g5]al humanity4 ,i walk$ ov] ! v9e-cov]$ hills & gay regions ( ,france1 erect & satisfi$2 = ! image ( man 0 n ca/ d[n & *a9$ to ! foot ( arbitr>y ?rones3 ,i 0 at no loss = language1 = t ( all ! great s*ools ( pa9t+ 0 op5 to me4 ,! :ole is vani%$ l a %ade4 ,pictures1 h]oes1 glory1 fre$om1 all are fl$3 no?+ rema9s b ! ,b\rbons & ! ,fr5* p6--,!re is und\bt$ly a s5sation 9 travell+ into =eign p>ts t is to be _h n[h]e else3 b x is m pleas+ at ! "t ?an la/+4 ,x is too remote f our habitual associations to be a common topic ( disc\rse or ref]5ce1 &1 l a dream or ano!r /ate ( exi/5ce1 does n piece into our daily modes ( life4 ,x is an animat$ b a mom5t>y halluc9ation4 ,x dem&s an ef=t to ex*ange our actual = our ideal id5tity2 & to feel ! pulse ( our old transports revive v ke5ly1 we mu/ jump all our pres5t com=ts & connections4 ,our romantic & it9]ant "* is n to be dome/icat$4 ,dr4 ,johnson rem>k$ h[ little =eign travel add$ to ! facilities ( conv]sation 9 ^? :o _h be5 abroad4 ,9 fact1 ! "t we h sp5t !re is bo? delightful & 9 "o s5se in/ructive2 b x appe>s to be cut out ( our sub/antial1 d[nright exi/5ce1 & nev] to jo9 k9dly on to x4 ,we are n ! same1 b ano!r1 & p]haps m enviable individual1 all ! "t we are out ( our own c\ntry4 ,we are lo/ to ourselves1 z well z our fri5ds4 ,s ! poet some:at qua9tly s+s1 ,out ( my c\ntry & myself ,i g4 ,^? :o wi% to =get pa9ful ?\ghts1 d well to abs5t !mselves = a :ile f ! ties & objects t recall !m3 b we c be said only to fulfil our de/9y 9 ! place t gave u bir?4 ,i %\ld on ?is acc\nt l well en\gh to sp5d ! :ole ( my life 9 travell+ abroad1 if ,i c\ld any :]e borr[ ano!r life to sp5d aft]w>ds at home6 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bi3 ,f ,table-,talk1 #ahba-b4 ,footnote #cj3 ,san*o ,panza1 a "* 9 ,c]vantes' romance1 ,don ,quixote4 ,footnote #ca3 ,alo(1 ,o keep alo(1 ye un9itiat$6 ,footnote #cb3 ,a titbit4 ,,! ,,regrets ,,( ,a ,,m\nta9e]#cc ,,leslie ,,/eph5 ,i h (t5 felt a sympa?y1 :i* almo/ rises to ! pa!tic1 :5 look+ on at a cricket-mat* or boat-race4 ,some?+ ( ! emotion ) :i* ,gray reg>d$ ! di/ant spires & antique t[]s rises )9 me4 ,x is n1 inde$1 t ,i feel v deeply = ! f9e +5u\s lads :o1 z somebody says1 are ab\t to be degrad$ into tricky1 selfi% ,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t4 ,i h se5 too mu* ( !m4 ,!y are v f9e animals2 b !y are r too exclusively animal4 ,! s\l is apt to be 9 too embryonic a /ate )9 ^! cases ( well-/rung bone & muscle4 ,x is impossible = a m]e a?letic ma*9e1 h[ev] f9ely con/ruct$1 to appeal v deeply to "o's f9] s5tim5ts4 ,i c sc>cely look =w>d ) ev5 an affectation ( sorr[ = ! "t :51 if m sophi/icat$1 x w at lea/ h made a ne>] approa* to ! dignity ( an intellectual be+4 ,x is n ! boys :o make me feel a t\* ( sadness2 _! approa*+ elevation to ! dignity ( manhood w raise !m on ! :ole 9 ! scale ( humanity2 x is ! old] spectators ^: aspect has 9 x some?+ affect+4 ,! %aky old g5tleman1 :o play$ 9 ! days :5 x 0 decid$ly less dang]\s to /& up to b[l+ ?an to a cannon-ball1 & :o n[ hobbles ab\t on rheumatic jo9ts1 by ! help ( a /ick2 ! corpul5t eld]1 :o r[$ :5 boats _h gangways d[n _! middle1 & did n require z delicate a balance z an acrobat's at ! top ( a liv+ pyramid--^! are ! p]sons :om ,i _c see )\t an occasional sigh4 ,!y are really consci\s t !y h lo/ some?+ :i* !y c nev] rega92 or1 if !y mom5t>ily =get x1 x is ev5 m =cibly impress$ ^u ! spectators4 ,to see a respectable old g5tleman ( sixty1 weigh+ "s fifte5 /one1 sudd5ly =get a ?ird ( 8 weight & two-?irds ( 8 ye>s1 & attempt to cap] l a boy1 is inde$ a />tl+ ph5om5on4 ,to ! ?\ghtless1 x may be simply comic2 b1 )\t be+ a ,jaques1 "o may contrive also to suck "s melan*oly out ( x4 ,n[1 z ,i h nev] caught a cricket-ball1 &1 on ! contr>y1 h caught num]\s crabs 9 my life1 ! sympa?y :i* ,i feel = ^! decl9+ a?letes is n due to any great p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! matt]4 ,b ,i h long anticipat$ t a simil> day w\ld come = me1 :5 ,i %\ld no long] be able to pursue my fav\rite sport ( m\nta9e]+4 ,"s day ,i %\ld f9d t ! asc5t ( a zigzag 0 z bad z a p]=mance on ! treadmill2 t ,i c\ld n look ov] a precipice )\t a swimm+ 9 ! head2 & t ,i c\ld no m jump a crevasse ?an ! ,?ames at ,we/m9/]4 ,none ( ^! ?+s h come to pass4 ,s f> z ,i "k1 my physical p[]s are /ill equal to ! asc5t ( ,mont ,blanc or ! ,jungfrau4 ,b ,i am no less effectually deb>r$--x matt]s n h[--f m\nta9e]+4 ,i w&] at ! foot ( ! gigantic ,alps1 & look up long+ly to ! summits1 :i* are app>5tly s ne>1 & yet "k t !y are divid$ f me by an impassable gulf4 ,9 "s mission>y "w ,i h read t c]ta9 ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s believ$ 9 a future p>adise :]e ! good %\ld g on eat+ = ev] ) insatiable appetites at an inexhau/ible banquet4 ,!y 7 to cont9ue _! et]nal d9n] 9 a h\se ) op5 wick]work sides2 & x 0 to be ! puni%m5t ( ! damn$ to crawl outside 9 p]petual hung] & look 9 ?r\gh ! *9ks z little boys look 9 ?r\gh ! w9d[s ( a ,london cook%op4 ,) simil> feel+s ,i lately wat*$ ?r\gh a telescope ! small black dots1 :i* 7 really m51 creep+ up ! high flanks ( ,mont ,blanc or ,monte ,rosa4 ,! et]nal sn[s repres5t$ = me ! ,elysian fields1 into :i* entrance 0 /]nly =bidd51 & ,i l+]$ ab\t ! spot ) a mixture ( pleasure & pa91 9 ! envi\s contemplation ( my m =tunate companions4 ,i "k !re are ^? :o w receive ^! ass]tions ) civil incr$ulity4 ,"s p]sons assume t e pleasure ) :i* !y _c sympa?ise is necess>ily affectation1 & hold1 z a p>ticul> case ( t doctr9e1 t ,alp9e travell]s risk _! lives m]ely f fa%ion or desire ( notoriety4 ,o!rs are k9d en\gh to admit t !re is some?+ g5u9e 9 ! passion1 b put x on a level ) ! passion = climb+ greas$ poles4 ,!y ?9k x d]ogatory to ! due dignity ( ,mont ,blanc t he %\ld be us$ z a greas$ pole1 & assure u t ! true pleasures ( ! ,alps are ^? :i* are )9 rea* ( ! old & ! invalids1 :o c only creep ab\t villages & along high-roads4 ,i _c well argue ) su* detractors f :at ,i consid] a noble sport4 ,z = ! fir/ class1 x is r$uc$ almo/ to a "q ( v]acity4 ,i say t ,i enjoy be+ on ! top ( a m\nta91 or1 inde$1 halfway up a m\nta92 t climb+ is a pleasure to me1 & w\ld be s if no "o else climb$ & no "o ev] he>d ( my climb+4 ,!y reply t !y don't believe x4 ,no m argum5t is possible ?an if ,i 7 to say t ,i lik$ eat+ olives1 & "s "o ass]t$ t ,i really eat !m only out ( affectation4 ,my reply w\ld be simply to g on eat+ olives2 & ,i hope ! reply ( m\nta9e]s w be to g on climb+ ,alps4 ,! o!r assault is m intelligible4 ,our critics admit t we h a pleasure2 b ass]t t x is a pu]ile pleasure--t x leads to an irrev]5t view ( m\nta9 beauty1 & to ov]sight ( t :i* %\ld really mo/ impress a ref9$ & noble m9d4 ,to ?is ,i %all only make su* an indirect reply z may result f a frank confession ( my own regrets at giv+ up ! climb+ bus9ess--p]haps = ev]4 ,i am s9k+1 s to speak1 f ! butt]fly to ! cat]pill> /age1 &1 if ! creep+ ?+ is really ! highe/ ( ! two1 x w appe> t !re is some?+ 9 ! sub/ance ( my lam5tations unwor?y ( an intellectual be+4 ,let me try4 ,by way ( preface1 h[ev]1 ,i admit t m\nta9e]+1 9 my s5se ( ! ^w1 is a sport4 ,x is a sport :i*1 l fi%+ or %oot+1 br+s "o into contact ) ! sublime/ aspects ( nature2 &1 )\t sett+ _! enjoym5t be=e "o z an ultimate end or aim1 helps "o indirectly to absorb & be p5etrat$ by _! influ5ce4 ,/ill x is /rictly a sport--z /rictly z cricket1 or r[+1 or knurr & spell--& ,i h no wi% to place x on a diff]5t foot+4 ,! game is won :5 a m\nta9-top is rea*$ 9 spite ( difficulties2 x is lo/ :5 "o is =c$ to retreat2 &1 :e!r won or lo/1 x calls into play a great v>iety ( physical & intellectual en]gies1 & gives ! pleasure :i* always accompanies an en]getic use ( our faculties4 ,/ill x suff]s 9 "s degree f ?is und5iable *>act]i/ic1 & especially f ! t+e :i* has consequ5tly be5 communicat$ to n>ratives ( m\nta9 adv5tures4 ,!re are two ways :i* h be5 appropriat$ to ! description ( all sport+ exploits4 ,"o is to indulge 9 f9e writ+ ab\t !m1 to bur/ out 9 s5t5ces :i* swell to p>agraphs1 & 9 p>agraphs :i* spread ov] pages2 to plunge into ec/asies ab\t inf9ite abysses & ov]p[]+ spl5d\rs1 to comp>e m\nta9s to ar*angels ly+ d[n 9 et]nal w9d+-%eets ( sn[1 & to conv]t !m into allegories ab\t man's highe/ de/9ies & aspirations4 ,?is is good :5 x is well done4 ,mr4 ,rusk9 has cov]$ ! ,matt]horn1 = example1 ) a :ole web ( poetical associations1 9 language :i*1 to a sev]e ta/e1 is p]haps a trifle too f9e1 ?\gh he has done x ) an eloqu5ce :i* 8 bitt]e/ antagoni/s mu/ freely ackn[l$ge4 ,yet mo/ humble writ]s w feel t if !y try to imitate ,mr4 ,rusk9's eloqu5ce !y w pay ! p5alty ( becom+ ridicul\s4 ,x is n e "o :o c ) impunity comp>e ,alps to ar*angels4 ,tall talk is luckily an object ( suspicion to ,engli%m51 & consequ5tly mo/ writ]s1 & especially ^? :o frankly adopt ! sport+ view ( ! m\nta9s1 adopt ! opposite s*eme3 !y affect some?+ l cynicism2 !y mix descriptions ( sc5]y ) allusions to fleas or to bitt] be]2 !y %r9k ) ! prevail+ dread ( ,engli%m5 f ! dang] ( ov]/epp+ ! limits ( ! sublime into its prov]bial opposite2 & !y humbly try to amuse u because !y c't /rike u ) awe4 ,?is1 too1 if ,i may v5ture to say s1 is good 9 its way & place2 & x seems r h>d to ^! luckless writ]s :5 p assume t1 because !y make jokes on a m\nta91 !y are necess>ily ins5sible to its awful sublimities4 ,a s5se ( hum\r is n incompatible ) imag9ative s5sibility2 & ev5 ,wordswor? might h be5 an equally p[]ful prophet ( nature if he c\ld sometimes h desc5d$ f 8 /ilts4 ,9 %ort1 a man may wor%ip m\nta9s1 & yet h a quiet joke ) !m :5 he is w&]+ all day 9 _! trem5d\s solitudes4 ,jok+1 h[ev]1 is1 x mu/ be admitt$1 a dang]\s habit4 ,i freely av[ t1 9 my humble contributions to ,alp9e lit]ature1 ,i h myself made "s v poor & v unseasonable witticisms4 ,i confess my error1 & only wi% t ,i _h no worse errors to confess4 ,/ill ,i ?9k t ! poor little jokes 9 :i* we m\nta9e]s sometimes indulge h be5 made liable to r h>% con/ructions4 ,we are accus$1 9 d[nright e>ne/1 n m]ely ( be+ flippant1 b ( an arrogant contempt = all p]sons ^: legs are n z /rong z our own4 ,we are suppos$ s]i\sly to wrap ourselves 9 our own conceit1 & to brag intol]ably ( our exploits4 ,n[ ,i w n say t no m\nta9e] ev] swagg]s3 ! quality call$ by ! vulg> b\nce is unluckily conf9$ to no pr(ession4 ,c]ta9ly ,i h se5 a man intol]ably va9 because he c\ld raise a hundr$-weight ) 8 little f+]2 & ,i d>e say t ! *ampion bill-po/]1 ^: "n is adv]tis$ on ! walls ( ?is metropolis1 ?9ks excell5ce 9 bill-po/+ ! highe/ virtue ( a citiz54 ,s "s m5 may be silly en\gh to brag 9 all s]i\sness ab\t m\nta9 exploits4 ,h[ev]1 mo/ lads ( tw5ty le>n t x is silly to give !mselves airs ab\t m]e muscul> em95ce2 & especially is ?is true ( ,alp9e exploits--fir/1 because !y require less physical pr[ess ?an almo/ any o!r sport1 & secondly1 because a good amateur /ill feels himself ! hopeless inf]ior ( half ! ,alp9e peasants :om he sees4 ,y _c be v conceit$ ab\t a game 9 :i* ! fir/ clodhopp] y meet c give y t5 m9utes' />t 9 an h\r4 ,/ill a man writ+ 9 a humor\s ve9 naturally adopts a c]ta9 bumpti\s tone1 j z our fri5d ,pun* o/5tati\sly decl>es himself to be omnisci5t & infallible4 ,nobody takes him at 8 ^w1 or supposes t ! editor ( ,pun* is really ! mo/ conceit$ man 9 all ,engl&4 ,b we poor m\nta9e]s are occasionally fix$ ) our own c>eless talk by "s outsid] :o is n 9 ! secret4 ,we "k ourselves to be a small sect1 & to be (t5 laugh$ at2 we reply by3 assum+ t we are ! salt ( ! e>?1 & t our amusem5t is ! fir/ & noble/ ( all amusem5ts4 ,our only retort to ! good-hum\r$ ridicule ) :i* we are occasionally treat$ is to adopt an affect$ /rut1 & to c>ry x (f z if we 7 ! f9e/ fell[s 9 ! _w4 ,we make a boa/ ( our %ame1 & say1 if y laugh we mu/ cr[4 ,b we don't really mean any?+3 if we did1 ! only ^w :i* ! ,engli% language w\ld af=d :]e) to describe u w\ld be ! v unpleasant anti!sis to wise m51 & c]ta9ly ,i hold t we h ! av]age am\nt ( common s5se4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,i see u tak5 to task = swagg]+1 ,i ?9k x a trifle h>d t ?is m]ely playful affectation ( sup]iority %\ld be made a s]i\s fault4 ,= ! future ,i w\ld promise to be c>eful1 if x 7 wor? avoid+ ! misund]/&+ ( m5 :o won't take a joke4 ,mean:ile1 ,i c only /ate t :5 ,alp9e travell]s indulge 9 a little swagg] ab\t _! own p]=mances & o!r p's incapacity1 !y don't mean m ?an an inf9itesimal fraction ( :at !y say1 & t !y "k p]fectly well t :5 hi/ory comes to pron\nce a f9al judgm5t ^u ! m5 ( ! "t1 x won't put m\nta9-climb+ on a level ) patriotism1 or ev5 ) excell5ce 9 ! f9e arts4 ,! reproa* ( real bon fide arrogance is1 s f> z ,i "k1 v little true ( ,alp9e travell]s4 ,) ! exception ( ! necess>y fr+e hang+ on to e set ( human be+s--consi/+ ( p]sons ^: heads are weak] ?an _! legs--! m\nta9e]1 s f> z my exp]i5ce has gone1 is g5]ally mode/ en\gh4 ,p]haps he sometimes flaunts 8 ice-axes & ropes a little too mu* be=e ! public eye at ,*amonix1 z a ya*tsman occasionally fl\ri%es 8 nautical co/ume at ,c[es2 b ! fault may be p>don$ by ^? n inexorable to human weaknesses4 ,?is op9ion1 ,i "k1 cuts at ! root ( ! mo/ popul> !ory z to our rul+ passion4 ,if we d n climb ! ,alps to ga9 notoriety1 = :at purpose c we possibly climb !m8 ,t same unlucky trick ( jok+ is tak5 to indicate t we don't c>e mu* ab\t ! sc5]y2 = :o1 ) a really susceptible s\l1 c\ld be faceti\s "u ! cliffs ( ,jungfrau or ! gha/ly precipices ( ! ,matt]horn8 ,h5ce p :o k9dly excuse u f ! blame ( notoriety-hunt+ g5]ally accept ! greas$-pole !ory4 ,we are1 x seems1 ov]gr[n s*oolboys1 :o1 l o!r s*oolboys1 enjoy be+ 9 dirt1 & dang]1 & mis*ief1 & h z mu* s5sibility = natural beauty z ! m\nta9 mules4 ,& aga9/ ?is1 z a m s]i\s compla9t1 ,i wi% to make my feeble prote/1 9 ord] t my lam5tations on quitt+ ! pr(ession may n seem unwor?y ( a ?9k+ be+4 ,let me try to recall "s ( ! impressions :i* m\nta9e]+ has left ) me1 & see :e!r !y ?r[ any light ^u ! subject4 ,z ,i gaze at ! huge cliffs :]e ,i may no long] w&]1 ,i f9d innum]able recollections arise--"s ( !m dim1 z ?\gh belong+ to a pa/ exi/5ce2 & "s s brilliant t ,i c sc>cely realise my exclusion f ! sc5es to :i* !y belong4 ,i am /&+ at ! foot ( :at1 to my m9d1 is ! mo/ glori\s ( all ,alp9e wond]s--! huge ,ob]l& precipice1 on ! slopes ( ! ,faulhorn or ! ,w5g]n ,alp4 ,innum]able t\ri/s h done all t t\ri/s c d to cocknify 7if t is ! "r d]ivative f cockney7 ! sc5]y2 b1 l ! ,pyramids or a ,go?ic ca!dral1 x ?r[s (f ! ta9t ( vulg>ity by its imp]i%able maje/y4 ,ev5 on turf /rewn ) s&wi*-pap]s & empty bottles1 ev5 9 ! pres5ce ( hide\s peasant-wom5 s++ ,/&-er auf = five c5times1 we _c b feel ! influ5ce ( ,alp9e beauty4 ,:5 ! sunlight is dy+ (f ! sn[s1 or ! full moon light+ !m up ) e!real t9ts1 ev5 s&wi*-pap]s & s++ wom5 may be =gott54 ,h[ does ! memory ( scrambles along sn[ artes1 ( plunges--luckily n too deep--into crevasses1 ( toil ?r\gh long sn[fields1 t[>ds a refuge t seem$ to rec$e z we advanc$--:]e1 to quote ,t5nyson ) due alt]ation1 to ! travell] toil+ 9 immeasurable sn[-- ,s[n 9 a wr9kle ( ! mon/r\s hill ,! *let sp>kles l a gra9 ( salt2-- h[ d su* memories z ^! h>monise ) ! s5se ( sup]lative sublimity8 ,"o elem5t ( m\nta9 beauty is1 we %all all admit1 _! va/ size & /eepness4 ,t a m\nta9 is v big1 & is fac$ by p]p5dicul> walls ( rock1 is ! fir/ ?+ :i* /rikes ev]ybody1 & is ! :ole ess5ce & outcome ( a va/ quantity ( poetical description4 ,h5ce ! fir/ condition t[>ds a due appreciation ( m\nta9 sc5]y is t ^! qualities %\ld be impress$ ^u ! imag9ation4 ,! m]e dry /atem5t t a m\nta9 is s _m feet 9 v]tical height above ! sea1 & conta9s s _m tons ( granite1 is no?+4 ,mont ,blanc1 is ab\t ?ree miles high4 ,:at ( t8 ,?ree miles is an h\r's walk = a lady--an eighte5-p5ny cab-f>e--! di/ance f ,hyde ,p>k ,corn] to ! ,bank--an express tra9 c\ld d x 9 ?ree m9utes1 or a racehorse 9 five4 ,x is a measure :i* we h le>nt to despise1 look+ at x f a horizontal po9t ( view2 & accord+ly mo/ p]sons1 on see+ ! ,alps = ! fir/ "t1 guess !m to be high]1 z measur$ 9 feet1 ?an !y really are4 ,:at1 inde$1 is ! use ( giv+ measures 9 feet to any b ! sci5tific m9d8 ,:o c>es :e!r ! moon is #bej1jjj or #b1ejj1jjj miles di/ant8 ,ma!maticians try to impress ^u u t ! di/ance ( ! fix$ />s is only expressible by a r[ ( figures :i* /ret*es across a page2 suppose x /ret*$ across two or across a doz5 pages1 %\ld we be any ! wis]1 or h1 9 ! lea/ degree1 a cle>] notion ( ! sup]lative di/ances8 ,we civilly say1 ,de> me6 :5 ! a/ronom] looks to u = ! appropriate />e1 b we only say x ) ! m\?2 int]nally our rem>k is1 ,y might z well h multipli$ by a few m millions :il/ y 7 ab\t x4 ,ev5 a/ronom]s1 ?\gh n a specially imag9ative race1 feel ! impot5ce ( figures1 & try to give u "s measure :i* ! m9d c grasp a little m conv5i5tly4 ,!y tell u ab\t ! cannon-ball :i* might h be5 fly+ ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,adam1 & n yet h rea*$ ! heav5ly body1 or ab\t ! />s :i* may n yet h become visible1 ?\gh ! light has be5 fly+ to u at a rate inconceivable by ! m9d = an inconceivable numb] ( ye>s2 & !y succe$ 9 produc+ a bewild]+ & giddy s5sation1 al?\gh ! numb]s are too va/ to admit ( any accurate appreh5sion4 ,we feel a simil> ne$ 9 ! case ( m\nta9s4 ,besides ! b>e /atem5t ( figures1 x is necess>y to h "s means = grasp+ ! mean+ ( ! figures4 ,! b>e t5s & ?\s&s mu/ be clo!d ) "s concrete images4 ,! /atem5t t a m\nta9 is #ae1jjj feet high is1 by itself1 little m impressive1 ?an t x is #c1jjj2 we want some?+ m be=e we c m5tally comp>e ,mont ,blanc & ,sn[don4 ,inde$1 ! same p :o guess ( a m\nta9's height at a numb] ( feet mu* exce$+ ! reality1 %[1 :5 !y are cross-exam9$1 t !y fail to appreciate 9 any tol]able degree ! real mean+ ( ! figures4 ,an old lady "o day1 ab\t #aa ,a4,m41 propos$ to walk f ! ,aeggis*horn to ! ,jungfrau-,jo*1 & to return = lun*eon--! di/ance be+ a good twelve h\rs' j\rney = tra9$ m\nta9e]s4 ,e detail ( :i* ! huge mass is compos$ is c]ta9 to be und]e/imat$4 ,a g5tleman ! o!r day po9t$ out to me a gr& ice-cliff at ! end ( a hang+ glaci]1 :i* mu/ h be5 at lea/ #ajj feet high1 & ask$ me :e!r t sn[ 0 ?ree feet deep4 ,no?+ is m common ?an = t\ri/s to mi/ake "s huge p9nacle ( rock1 z big z a *ur* t[]1 = a travell]4 ,! rocks ( ! ,gr&s ,mulets1 9 "o corn] ( :i* ! *let is hidd51 are (t5 id5tifi$ ) a p>ty asc5d+ ,mont ,blanc2 & ,i h se5 b\ld]s z big z a h\se po9t$ out confid5tly z *amois4 ,p :o make ^! blund]s mu/ evid5tly see ! m\nta9s z m]e toys1 h[ev] _m feet !y may give !m at a r&om guess4 ,huge ov]hang+ cliffs are to !m /eps )9 ! rea* ( human legs2 yawn+ crevasses are dit*es to be jump$2 & foam+ wat]falls are l /reams f p5ny squirts4 ,ev]yone kn[s ! avalan*es on ! ,jungfrau1 & ! curi\sly disproportionate appe>ance ( ! little puffs ( :ite smoke1 :i* are said to be ! cause ( ! ?und]2 b ! disproportion ceases to an eye t has le>nt really to measure di/ance1 & to "k t ^! smoke-puffs1 repres5t a cat>act ( cra%+ blocks ( ice4 ,n[ ! fir/ m]it ( m\nta9e]+ is t x enables "o to h :at !ologians w\ld call an exp]im5tal fai? 9 ! size ( m\nta9s--to sub/itute a real liv+ belief = a dead intellectual ass5t4 ,x enables "o1 fir/1 to assign some?+ l its true magnitude to a rock or sn[-slope2 &1 secondly1 to measure t magnitude 9 t]ms ( muscul> ex]tion in/ead ( b>e ma!matical units4 ,suppose t we are /&+ ^u ! ,w5g]n ,alp2 betwe5 ! ,mn* & ! ,eig] !re /ret*es a r\nd :ite bank1 ) a curv$ outl9e1 :i* we may r\ghly comp>e to ! back ( "o ( ,sir ,e4 ,l&se]'s lions4 ,! ord9>y t\ri/s--! old man1 ! woman1 or ! cripple1 :o are suppos$ to appreciate ! real beauties ( ,alp9e sc5]y--may look at x com=tably f _! hotel4 ,!y may see its graceful curve1 ! long /raight l9es t are rul$ 9 delicate %ad+ d[n its sides1 & ! contra/ ( ! bl9d+ :ite sn[ ) ! d>k blue sky above2 b !y w probably guess x to be a m]e bank--a sn[drift1 p]haps1 :i* has be5 pil$ by ! la/ /orm4 ,if y po9t$ out to !m "o ( ! great rocky tee? t project$ f its summit1 & said t x 0 a guide1 !y w\ld probably rem>k t he look$ v small1 & w\ld fancy t he c\ld jump ov] ! bank ) an ef=t4 ,n[ a m\nta9e] kn[s1 to beg9 )1 t x is a massive rocky rib1 cov]$ ) sn[1 ly+ at a %>p angle1 & v>y+ p]haps f #ejj to #a1jjj feet 9 height4 ,s f> he might be accompani$ by m5 ( less so>+ ambition2 by an eng9e] :o _h be5 mapp+ ! c\ntry1 or an arti/ :o _h be5 c>efully obs]v+ ! m\nta9s f _! bases4 ,!y might le>n 9 "t to int]pret correctly ! real mean+ ( %apes at :i* ! un9itiat$ guess at r&om4 ,b ! m\nta9e] c g a /ep fur!r1 & x is ! next /ep :i* gives ! real significance to ^? delicate curves & l9es4 ,he c translate ! #ejj or #a1jjj feet ( sn[-slope into a m tangible unit ( measurem5t4 ,to him1 p]haps1 !y recall ! memory ( a toilsome asc5t1 ! sun beat+ on 8 head = five or six h\rs1 ! sn[ return+ ! gl>e ) /ill m p>*+ effect2 a /alw>t guide toil+ all ! we>y "t1 cutt+ /eps 9 h>d blue ice1 ! fragm5ts hiss+ & sp9n+ d[n ! long /raight grooves 9 ! froz5 sn[ till !y lo/ !mselves 9 ! yawn+ *asm bel[2 & /ep aft] /ep tak5 along ! slipp]y /aircase1 till at l5g? he triumphantly sprang ^u ! summit ( ! trem5d\s wall t no human foot _h scal$ be=e4 ,! little black knobs t rise above ! edge repres5t = him huge impassable rocks1 s9k+ on "o side 9 sc>p$ slipp]y surfaces t[>ds ! sn[-field1 & on ! o!r /oop+ 9 "o trem5d\s cliff to a di/ort$ glaci] ?\s&s ( feet bel[4 ,! fa9t blue l9e across ! upp] nv1 sc>cely di/+ui%able to ! eye1 repres5ts to "o obs]v] no?+ b a trifl+ undulation2 a second1 p]haps1 kn[s t x means a crevasse2 ! m\nta9e] rememb]s t x is ! top ( a huge *asm1 ?irty feet across1 & p]haps t5 times z deep1 ) p]p5dicul> sides ( glimm]+ blue ice1 & fr+$ by ?ick r[s ( enorm\s p5d5t icicles4 ,! m>ks t are scor$ 9 delicate l9es1 su* z might be rul$ by a diamond on glass1 h be5 cut by innum]able /reams trickl+ 9 hot wea!r f ! ev]la/+ sn[1 or pl\gh$ by succe$+ avalan*es t h slipp$ f ! huge upp] sn[fields above4 ,9 %ort1 !re is no insignificant l9e or m>k t has n its memory or its indication ( ! /range ph5om5a ( ! upp] _w4 ,true1 ! same picture is pa9t$ ^u ! ret9a ( all classes ( obs]v]s2 & s ,porson & a s*oolboy & a peasant might receive ! same physical impression f a set ( black & :ite m>ks on ! page ( a ,greek play2 b to "o !y w\ld be an incoh]5t conglom]ation ( unmean+ & caprici\s l9es1 to ano!r !y w\ld repres5t c]ta9 s\nds m or less correspond+ to "s ,engli% words2 :il/ to ! s*ol> !y w\ld reveal "s ( ! noble/ poetry 9 ! _w1 & all ! associations ( successful intellectual lab\r4 ,i d n say t ! diff]5ce is q s great 9 ! case ( ! m\nta9s2 /ill ,i am c]ta9 t no "o c deciph] ! natural writ+ on ! face ( a sn[-slope or a precipice :o has n w&]$ among/ _! recesses1 & le>nt by sl[ exp]i5ce :at is indicat$ by m>ks :i* an ignorant obs]v] w\ld sc>cely notice4 ,true1 ev5 "o :o sees a m\nta9 = ! fir/ "t may "k t1 z a matt] ( fact1 a sc> on ! face ( a cliff means1 = example1 a rec5t fall ( a rock2 b betwe5 ! b>e k & ! acqua9tance ) all :i* t k implies--! ?und] ( ! fall1 ! cra% ( ! small] fragm5ts1 ! b\nd+ en]gy ( ! desc5d+ mass--!re is almo/ z mu* diff]5ce z betwe5 he>+ t a battle has be5 f\ght & be+ pres5t at x y\rself4 ,we h all read descriptions ( ,wat]loo till we are sick ( ! subject2 b ,i imag9e t our emotions on see+ ! %att]$ well ( ,h\gomont are v inf]ior to ^? ( "o ( ! ,gu>d :o %\ld revisit ! place :]e he held out = a long day aga9/ ! assaults ( ! ,fr5* army4 ,n[ to an old m\nta9e] ! ,ob]l& cliffs are full ( memories2 &1 m ?an ?is1 he has le>nt ! language spok5 by e crag & e wave ( glaci]4 ,x is /range if !y d n affect him r m p[]fully ?an ! casual visitor :o has nev] be5 initiat$ by practical exp]i5ce into _! difficulties4 ,to him1 ! huge buttress :i* runs d[n f ! ,mn* is some?+ m ?an an irregul> pyramid1 purple ) :ite pat*es at ! bottom & pure :ite at ! top4 ,he fills up ! b>e outl9e suppli$ by ! s5ses ) a ?\s& lively images4 ,he sees ti] above ti] ( rock1 ris+ 9 a gradually asc5d+ scale ( difficulty1 cov]$ at fir/ by long l9es ( ! dbris t h be5 spl9t]$ by fro/ f ! high] wall1 & aft]w>ds ris+ b>e & black & ?reat5+4 ,he kn[s in/9ctively :i* ( ! l$ges has a dang]\s look--:]e su* a bold m\nta9e] z ,john ,lau5] might slip on ! poli%$ surface1 or be 9 dang] ( an avalan*e f above4 ,he sees ! little %ell-l swell+ at ! foot ( ! glaci] crawl+ d[n ! /eep slope above1 & kn[s t x means an almo/ inaccessible wall ( ice2 & ! /eep sn[fields t rise t[>ds ! summit are sugge/ive ( some?+ v diff]5t f ! picture :i* might h exi/$ 9 ! m9d ( a ,g]man /ud5t1 :o once ask$ me :e!r x 0 possible to make ! asc5t on a mule4 ,h5ce1 if m\nta9s owe _! influ5ce ^u ! imag9ation 9 a great degree to _! size & /eepness1 & app>5t inaccessibility--z no "o c d\bt t !y d1 :atev] may be ! explanation ( ! fact t p l to look at big1 /eep1 inaccessible objects--! advantages ( ! m\nta9e] are obvi\s4 ,he c measure ^? qualities on a v diff]5t scale f ! ord9>y travel]4 ,he measures ! size1 n by ! vague ab/ract t]m ( s _m ?\s& feet1 b by ! h\rs ( lab\r1 divid$ into m9utes--ea* sep>ately felt--( /r5u\s muscul> ex]tion4 ,! /eepness is n express$ 9 degrees1 b by ! memory ( ! s5sation produc$ :5 a sn[-slope seems to be ris+ up & smit+ y 9 ! face2 :51 f> away f all human help1 y are cl++ l a fly to ! slipp]y side ( a mighty p9nacle 9 mid air4 ,& z = ! inaccessibility1 no "o c measure ! difficulty ( climb+ a hill :o has n we>i$ 8 muscles & bra9 9 /ruggl+ aga9/ ! oppos+ ob/acles4 ,alp9e travell]s1 x is said1 h remov$ ! romance f ! m\nta9s by climb+ !m4 ,:at !y h really done is to prove t !re exi/s a n>r[ l9e by :i* a way may be f\nd to ! top ( any giv5 m\nta92 b ! clue leads ?r\gh innum]able inaccessibilities2 true1 y c foll[ "o pa?1 b to "r & left are cliffs :i* no human foot w ev] tread1 & ^: t]rors c only be realis$ :5 y are 9 _! imm$iate neighb\rhood4 ,! cliffs ( ! ,matt]horn d n b> ! way to ! top effectually1 b x is only by =c+ a passage ?r\gh !m t y c really appreciate _! t]rible significance4 ,h5ce ,i say t ! qualities :i* /rike e s5sitive obs]v] are impress$ ^u ! m\nta9e] ) t5fold =ce & int5sity4 ,if he is z accessible to poetical influ5ces z 8 neighb\rs--& ,i don't "k :y he %\ld be less s--he has op5$ new av5ues ( access betwe5 ! sc5]y & 8 m9d4 ,he has le>nt a language :i* is b p>tially reveal$ to ord9>y m54 ,an arti/ is sup]ior to an unle>n$ picture-se]1 n m]ely because he has great] natural s5sibility1 b because he has improv$ x by me?odical exp]i5ce2 because 8 s5ses h be5 %>p5$ by con/ant practice1 till he c cat* f9] %ades ( col\r+1 & m delicate inflexions ( l9e2 because1 also1 ! l9es & col\rs h acquir$ new significance1 & be5 associat$ ) a ?\s& ?\ghts ) :i* ! mass ( mank9d has nev] c>$ to connect !m4 ,! m\nta9e] is improv$ by a simil> process4 ,b ,i "k "s sceptical critics w ask1 does n ! way 9 :i* he is accu/om$ to reg>d m\nta9s r dead5 _! poetical influ5ce8 ,doesn't he come to look at !m z m]e in/rum5ts ( sport1 & ov]look _! m spiritual tea*+8 ,does n all ! excitem5t ( p]sonal adv5ture & ! noisy app>atus ( guides1 & ropes1 & axes1 & tobacco1 & ! fun ( climb+1 r dull 8 p]ceptions & incapacitate him f p]ceiv+ ,! sil5ce t is 9 ! />ry sky1 ,! sleep t is among ! lonely hills8 ,well1 ,i h kn[n "s /upid & unpoetical m\nta9e]s2 &1 s9ce ,i h be5 dism\nt$ f my fav\rite hobby1 ,i ?9k ,i h met "s simil> specim5s among ! humbl] class ( t\ri/s4 ,!re are p]sons1 ,i fancy1 :o d ! ,alps2 :o look ^u ! ,lake ( ,luc]ne z "o m task tick$ (f f _! memor&um book1 & c\nt up ! li/ ( summits visible f ! ,grn]grat )\t be+ p5etrat$ ) any ke5 s5se ( sublimity4 ,& !re are m\nta9e]s :o are capable ( mak+ a pun on ! top ( ,mont ,blanc--& capable ( no?+ m4 ,/ill ,i v5ture to d5y t ev5 punn+ is incompatible ) poetry1 or t ^? :o make ! pun c h no deep] feel+ 9 _! bosoms :i* !y are p]haps too %amefac$ to utt]4 ,! fact is t t :i* gives its inexpressible *>m to m\nta9e]+ is ! incessant s]ies ( exquisite natural sc5es1 :i* are = ! mo/ "p enjoy$ by ! m\nta9e] alone4 ,?is is1 ,i am aw>e1 a r\nd ass]tion2 b ,i w try to support x by a few ( ! visions :i* are recall$ to me by ^! ,ob]l& cliffs1 & :i* ,i h se5 pr(\ndly enjoy$ by m5 :o p]haps nev] m5tion$ !m aga91 & probably 9 describ+ _! adv5tures scrupul\sly avoid$ ! dang] ( be+ s5tim5tal4 ,?us e travell] has occasionally done a sunrise1 & a m lam5table proce$+ ?an ! ord9>y view ( a sunrise c h>dly be imag9$4 ,y are cold1 mis]able1 breakfa/less2 h ris5 %iv]+ f a w>m b$1 & 9 y\r he>t long only to creep into b$ aga94 ,to ! m\nta9e] all ?is is *ang$4 ,he is beg9n+ a day full ( ! anticipation ( a pleasant excitem5t4 ,he has1 p]haps1 be5 wait+ anxi\sly = f9e wea!r1 to try conclusions ) "s huge giant n yet scal$4 ,he moves out ) some?+ ( ! feel+ ) :i* a soldi] goes to ! assault ( a =tress1 b )\t ! same probability ( com+ home 9 fragm5ts2 ! dang] is trifl+ en\gh to be m]ely exhilatory1 & to give a pleasant t5sion to ! n]ves2 8 muscles feel firm & spr+y1 & 8 /oma*--no small advantage to ! enjoym5t ( sc5]y--is 9 excell5t ord]4 ,he looks at ! sp>kl+ />s ) ke5 satisfaction1 prep>$ to enjoy a f9e sunrise ) all 8 faculties at _! be/1 & ) ! add$ pleasure ( a good om5 = 8 day's "w4 ,!n a huge d>k mass beg9s to m\ld itself sl[ly out ( ! d>kness1 ! sky beg9s to =m a backgr\nd ( deep purple1 aga9/ :i* ! outl9e becomes gradually m def9ite2 "o by "o1 ! peaks cat* ! exquisite ,alp9e gl[1 light+ up 9 rapid succession1 l a va/ illum9ation2 & :5 at la/ ! /eady sunlight settles ^u !m1 & %[s e rock & glaci]1 )\t ev5 a delicate film ( mi/ to obscure !m1 he feels 8 he>t b\nd1 & /eps out gaily to ! assault--j z ! p on ! ,rigi are giv+ ?anks t ! %[ is ov] & t !y may g to b$4 ,/ill gr&] is ! sight :5 ! m\nta9e] has already rea*$ "s l(ty ridge1 &1 z ! sun rises1 /&s betwe5 ! day & ! night--! valley /ill 9 deep sleep1 ) ! mi/s ly+ betwe5 ! folds ( ! hills1 & ! sn[-peaks /&+ out cle> & pale :ite j be=e ! sun rea*es !m1 :il/ a broad b& ( orange light runs all r\nd ! va/ horizon4 ,! glory ( sunsets is equally increas$ 9 ! ?9 upp] air4 ,! gr&e/ ( all su* sights t live 9 my memory is t ( a sunset f ! ,aiguille du ,gt4 ,! sn[ at our feet 0 gl[+ ) ri* light1 & ! %ad[s 9 our foot/eps a vivid gre5 by ! contra/4 ,b5ea? u 0 a va/ horizontal floor ( ?9 level mi/s susp5d$ 9 mid air1 spread l a canopy ov] ! :ole b\ndless l&scape1 & t+$ ) e hue ( sunset4 ,?r\gh its r5ts & gaps we c\ld see ! l[] m\nta9s1 ! di/ant pla9s1 & a fragm5t ( ! ,lake ( ,g5eva ly+ 9 a m sob] purple4 ,above u rose ! solemn mass ( ,mont ,blanc 9 ! ri*e/ gl[ ( an ,alp9e sunset4 ,! s5se ( lonely sublimity 0 almo/ oppressive1 & al?\gh half our p>ty 0 suff]+ f sickness1 ,i believe ev5 ! guides 7 mov$ to a s5se ( solemn beauty4 ,^! gr& sc5ic effects are occasionally se5 by ord9>y travell]s1 ?\gh ! ord9>y travell] is = ! mo/ "p out ( temp] at #c ,a4,m4 ,! m\nta9e] c enjoy !m1 bo? because 8 frame ( m9d is prop]ly tra9$ to receive ! natural beauty1 & because he alone sees !m ) _! be/ accessories1 amid/ ! sil5ce ( ! et]nal sn[1 & ! va/ panoramas visible f ! l(ti] summits4 ,& he has a simil> advantage 9 mo/ ( ! great natural ph5om5a ( ! cl\d & ! sun%9e4 ,no sight 9 ! ,alps is m impressive ?an ! huge rocks ( a black precipice sudd5ly fr[n+ out ?r\gh ! *asms ( a /orm-cl\d4 ,b gr& z su* a sight may be f ! safe v]&ahs ( ! inn at ,gr9delwald1 x is f> gr&] 9 ! sil5ce ( ! ,c5tral ,alps among/ ! savage wild]ness ( rock & sn[4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic effect ( ! ,high ,alps (t5 pres5ts itself :5 "o has be5 climb+ = two or ?ree h\rs1 ) no?+ 9 sight b ! v>y+ wrea?s ( mi/ t *as$ ea* o!r monoton\sly along ! rocky ribs up ^: sn[-cov]$ backbone we 7 labori\sly fight+ our way4 ,sudd5ly !re is a puff ( w9d1 & look+ r\nd we f9d t we h 9 an in/ant pi]c$ ! cl\ds1 & em]g$1 z x 71 on ! surface ( ! ocean ( vap\r4 ,b5ea? u /ret*es = hundr$s ( miles ! level fleecy floor1 & above u %9es out cle> 9 ! et]nal sun%9e e m\nta91 f ,mont ,blanc to ,monte ,rosa & ! ,jungfrau4 ,:at1 aga91 9 ! l[] regions1 c equal ! my/]i\s *>m ( gaz+ f ! edge ( a torn rocky p>apet into an app>5tly fa?omless abyss1 :]e no?+ b :at an ,alp9e travell] calls a /range =mless wrea?+ ( vap\r indicates ! /orm-w9d t is rag+ bel[ u8 ,i might g on indef9itely recall+ ! /rangely impressive sc5es t frequ5tly />tle ! travell] 9 ! wa/e upp] _w2 b language is feeble inde$ to convey ev5 a glimm]+ ( :at is to be se5 to ^? :o h n se5 x = !mselves1 :il/ to !m x c be little m ?an a peg ^u :i* to hang _! own recollections4 ,^! glories1 9 :i* ! m\nta9 ,_s reveals himself to 8 true wor%ipp]s1 are only to be ga9$ by ! appropriate s]vice ( climb+--at "s risk1 ?\gh a v trifl+ risk1 if he is approa*$ ) due =m & c]emony--into ! fur!/ recesses ( 8 %r9es4 ,& )\t see+ !m1 ,i ma9ta9 t no man has really se5 ! ,alps4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! exot]ic & ! esot]ic s*ool ( m\nta9e]s may be indicat$ by _! diff]5t view ( glaci]s4 ,at ,gr9delwald1 = example1 x is ! fa%ion to g & see ! glaci]s--heav5 save ! m>k6 ,ladies 9 co/umes1 heavy ,g]man pr(essors1 ,am]icans do+ ! ,alps at a gallop1 ,cook's t\ri/s1 & o!r v>ieties ( a well-kn[n g5us1 g (f 9 %oals & see--:at8 ,a gigantic mass ( ice1 /rangely torn ) a few ( ! exquisite blue crevasses1 b d5i$ & pro/rate 9 dirt & ru9s4 ,a /ream f\l ) mud oozes out f ! base2 ! :ole mass seems to be melt+ fa/ away2 ! summ] sun has evid5tly got ! be/ ( x 9 ^! l[] regions1 & no?+ c resi/ him b ! great m\nds ( decay+ rock t /rew ! surface 9 confus$ lumps4 ,x is z mu* l ! glaci] ( ! upp] regions z ! melt+ fragm5ts ( sn[ 9 a ,london /reet are l ! surface ( ! fre% sn[ t has j fall5 9 a c\ntry field4 ,& by way ( improv+ its attractions a p]petual picnic is go+ on1 & ! +5i\s natives h hew$ a tunnel into ! ice1 = admission to :i* !y *>ge c]ta9 c5times4 ,! unlucky glaci] rem9ds me at 8 latt] end ( a wret*$ :ale /r&$ on a bea*1 dissolv+ into masses ( blubb]1 & hack$ by remorseless fi%]m51 in/ead ( plung+ at 8 ease 9 ! deep blue wat]4 ,f> above1 :]e ! glaci] beg9s 8 c\rse1 he is se5 only by ! true m\nta9e]4 ,!re are va/ amphi!atres ( pure sn[1 ( :i* ! glaci] kn[n to t\ri/s is m]ely ! insignificant dra9age1 b ^: v exi/5ce !y d n g5]ally suspect4 ,!y are utt]ly ignorant t f ! top ( ! icefall :i* !y visit y may walk = h\rs on ! et]nal ice4 ,aft] a long climb y come to ! region :]e ! glaci] is truly at its noble/2 :]e ! surface is a spotless :ite2 :]e ! crevasses are enorm\s r5ts s9k+ to pr(\nd dep?s1 ) walls ( ! pure/ blue2 :]e ! glaci] is torn & %att]$ by ! en]getic =ces :i* m\ld x1 b has an expression ( sup]abundant p[]1 l a full /ream frett+ aga9/ its banks & plung+ ?r\gh ! va/ gorges t x has hewn = itself 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies4 ,! bases ( ! m\nta9s are imm]s$ 9 a deluge ( cockneyism--=tunately a %all[ deluge--:il/ _! summits rise high into ! brac+ air1 :]e ev]y?+ is pure & poetical4 ,! diff]5ce :i* ,i h ?us endeav\r$ to indicate is m or less traceable 9 a wid] s5se4 ,! m\nta9s are exquisitely beautiful1 inde$1 f :atev] po9ts ( view we contemplate !m2 & ! m\nta9e] w\ld lose mu* if he nev] saw ! beauties ( ! l[] valleys1 ( pa/urages deep 9 fl[]s1 & d>k p9e-=e/s ) ! summits %9+ f f> (f betwe5 ! /ems4 ,only1 z x seems to me1 he has ! exclusive pr]ogative ( ?or\ghly enjoy+ "o--& t ! mo/ *>act]i/ic1 ?\gh by no means only1 elem5t ( ! sc5]y4 ,!re may be a v good d9n] spread be=e tw5ty p2 b if n9ete5 ( !m 7 teetotal]s1 & ! tw5tie? drank 8 w9e l a man1 he w\ld be ! only "o to d x full ju/ice2 ! o!rs might praise ! meat or ! fruits1 b he w\ld alone enjoy ! *ampagne2 & 9 ! great fea/ :i* ,nature spreads be=e u 7a /ock metaphor1 :i* embold5s me to make ! comp>ison71 ! high m\nta9 sc5]y acts ! "p ( ! *ampagne4 ,unluckily1 too1 ! teetotal]s are v apt1 9 ?is case also1 to sit 9 judgm5t ^u _! m adv5tur\s neighb\rs4 ,especially are !y pleas$ to c>p at ! views f high summits4 ,i h be5 con/antly ask$1 ) a cov]t sne]1 ,did x repay y8--a "q :i* involves ! assumption t "o wants to be repaid1 z ?\gh ! lab\r 7 n itself "p ( ! pleasure1 & :i* implies a d\bt t ! view is really enjoyable4 ,p are always demon/rat+ t ! l[] views are ! mo/ beautiful2 & at ! same "t compla9+ t m\nta9e]s frequ5tly turn back )\t look+ at ! view f ! top1 z ?\gh t w\ld necess>ily imply t !y c>$ no?+ = sc5]y4 ,9 opposition to :i* ,i mu/ fir/ rem>k t1 z a rule1 e /ep ( an asc5t has a beauty ( its own1 :i* "o is quietly absorb+ ev5 :5 "o is n directly mak+ x a subject ( contemplation1 & t ! view f ! top is g5]ally ! cr[n+ glory ( ! :ole4 ,x w be en\gh if ,i conclude ) an attempt to illu/rate ?is la/ ass]tion3 & ,i w d x by /ill ref]r+ to ! ,ob]l&4 ,e visitor ) a s\l = ! beautiful admires ! noble =m ( ! ,wett]horn--! l(ty sn[-cr[n$ pyramid ris+ 9 su* light & yet massive l9es f its huge basem5t ( p]p5dicul> cliffs4 ,! ,wett]horn has1 h[ev]1 a fur!r m]it4 ,to my m9d--& ,i believe mo/ connoisseurs ( m\nta9 tops agree ) me--x is "o ( ! mo/ impressive summits 9 ! ,alps4 ,x is n a %>p p9nacle l ! ,weis%orn1 or a cupola l ,mont ,blanc1 or a gr& rocky too? l ! ,monte ,rosa1 b a long & ne>ly horizontal knife-edge1 :i*1 z se5 f ei!r end1 has ( c\rse ! appe>ance ( a %>p-po9t$ cone4 ,x is :5 balanc$ ^u ?is ridge--sitt+ a/ride ( ! knife-edge on :i* "o c h>dly /& )\t gidd9ess--t "o fully appreciates an ,alp9e precipice4 ,mr4 ,ju/ice ,wills has admirably describ$ ! fir/ asc5t1 & ! impression x made ^u him1 9 a pap] :i* has become classical = succe$+ adv5tur]s4 ,beh9d y ! sn[-slope s9ks ) p]il\s /eepness t[>ds ! wild]ness ( glaci] & rock ?r\gh :i* ! asc5t has la94 ,b 9 front ! ice s9ks ) ev5 great] /eepness = a few feet or y>ds4 ,!n x curves ov] & disappe>s1 & ! next ?+ t ! eye cat*es is ! mead[l& ( ,gr9delwald1 "s #i1jjj feet bel[4 ,i h look$ d[n _m precipices1 :]e ! eye c trace ! c\rse ( e pebble t b\nds d[n ! awful slopes1 & :]e ,i h %udd]$ z "s dislodg$ fragm5t ( rock %[$ ! c\rse :i*1 9 case ( accid5t1 fragm5ts ( my own body w\ld foll[4 ,a precipice is always1 = obvi\s reasons1 f> m t]rible f above ?an f bel[4 ,! creep+1 t+l+ s5sation :i* passes ?r\gh "o's limbs--ev5 :5 "o kn[s oneself to be 9 p]fect safety--te/ifies to ! ?rill+ influ5ce ( ! sight4 ,b ,i h nev] s realis$ ! t]rors ( a t]rific cliff z :5 ,i c\ld n see x4 ,! awful gulf :i* int]v5$ betwe5 me & ! gre5 mead[s /ruck ! imag9ation by its invisibility4 ,x 0 l ! view :i* may be se5 f ! ridge ( a ca!dral ro(1 :]e ! eaves h = _! imm$iate backgr\nd ! pavem5t ( ! /reets bel[2 only ?is ca!dral 0 #i1jjj feet high4 ,n[1 any "o /&+ at ! foot ( ! ,wett]horn may admire _! /up5d\s massiv5ess & /eepness2 b1 to feel _! influ5ce ent] 9 ! v m>r[ ( "o's bones1 x is necess>y to /& at ! summit1 & to fancy ! "o little slide d[n ! %ort ice-slope1 to be foll[$ app>5tly by a b\nd into cle> air & a fall d[n to ! h\ses1 f heights :]e only ! eagle v5tures to so>4 ,?is is "o ( ! ,alp9e beauties1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 is3 beyond ! p[] ( art to imitate1 & :i* p are !re=e apt to ignore4 ,b x is n ! only "o to be se5 on ! high summits4 ,x is (t5 said t ^! views are n beautiful--app>5tly because !y won't g into a picture1 or1 to put x m fairly1 because no picture3 c 9 ! fa9te/ degree imitate !m4 ,b )\t qu>rell+ ab\t words1 ,i ?9k t1 ev5 if beautiful be n ! mo/ correct epi!t1 !y h a m>vell\sly /imulat+ effect ^u ! imag9ation4 ,let u look r\nd f ?is wond]ful p9nacle 9 mid air1 & note "o or two ( ! mo/ /rik+ elem5ts ( ! sc5]y4 ,y are1 9 ! fir/ place1 p]*$ on a cliff1 ^: pres5ce is ! m felt because x is unse54 ,!n y are 9 a region ov] :i* et]nal sil5ce is brood+4 ,n a s\nd ev] comes !re1 except ! occasional fall ( a spl9t]$ fragm5t ( rock1 or a lay] ( sn[2 no /ream is he>d trickl+1 & ! s\nds ( animal life are left ?\s&s ( feet bel[4 ,! mo/ t y c he> is "s my/]i\s noise made by ! w9d eddy+ r\nd ! gigantic rocks2 sometimes a /range flapp+ s\nd1 z if an une>?ly flag 7 %ak+ its invisible folds 9 ! air4 ,! enorm\s tract ( c\ntry ov] :i* y\r view ext5ds--mo/ ( x dim & almo/ dissolv$ into air by di/ance--int5sifies ! /range influ5ce ( ! sil5ce4 ,y feel ! =ce ( ! l9e ,i h quot$ f ,wordswor?-- ,! sleep t is among ! lonely hills4 ,none ( ! travell]s :om y c see crawl+ at y\r feet has ! lea/ conception ( :at is meant by ! sil5t solitudes ( ! ,high ,alps4 ,to y1 x is l a return to ! /ir ( active life1 :51 aft] h\rs ( lonely w&]+1 y return to he> ! t9kl+ ( ! c[-bells bel[2 to !m ! same s\nd is ! ultimate limit ( ! habitable _w4 ,:il/ y\r m9d is prop]ly ton$ by ^! influ5ces1 y become consci\s ( ano!r fact1 to :i* ! common v>iety ( t\ri/s is necess>ily ins5sible4 ,y beg9 to f9d out = ! fir/ "t :at ! m\nta9s really are4 ,on "o side1 y look back ^u ! huge res]voirs f :i* ! ,ob]l& glaci]s desc5d4 ,y see ! va/ /ores f :i* ! great riv]s ( ,europe are repl5i%$1 ! mon/r\s crawl+ masses t are c>v+ ! m\nta9s into %ape1 & ! gigantic bulw>ks t sep>ate two great qu>t]s ( ! _w4 ,f bel[ ^! wild regions are half invisible2 !y are mask$ by ! out] l9e ( m\nta9s2 & x is n till y are able to comm& !m f "s l(ty po9t t y c appreciate ! gr&eur ( ! huge b>ri]s1 & ! sn[ t is pil$ )9 _! folds4 ,!re is ano!r half ( ! view equally /rik+4 ,look+ t[>ds ! nor?1 ! :ole ( ,switz]l& is c\*$ at y\r feet2 ! ,jura & ! ,black ,=e/ lie on ! f> horizon4 ,& !n y "k :at is ! nature ( a really m\nta9\s c\ntry4 ,f bel[ ev]y?+ is se5 9 a k9d ( di/ort$ p]spective4 ,! p ( ! valley naturally ?9k t ! valley is ev]y?+--t ! c\ntry resembles old-fa%ion$ maps1 :]e a few sporadic lumps are di/ribut$ among/ t[ns & pla9s4 ,! true proportions reveal !mselves z y asc5d4 ,! valleys1 y c n[ see1 are no?+ b n>r[ tr5*es scoop$ out amid/ a toss+ wa/e ( m\nta91 j to c>ry (f ! dra9age4 ,! great ridges run hi!r & ?i!r1 hav+ x all _! own way1 wild & untamable regions ( rock or op5 grass or =e/1 at ^: feet ! valleys exi/ on suff]ance4 ,creep+ ab\t among/ ! roots ( ! hills1 y half miss ! hills !mselves2 y q fail to und]/& ! massiv5ess ( ! m\nta9 *a9s1 &1 !re=e1 ! wond]ful en]gy ( ! =ces t h heav$ ! surface ( ! _w into ^! di/ort$ %apes4 ,& x is to a half-consci\s s5se ( ! p[]s t mu/ h be5 at "w t a great "p ( ! influ5ce ( m\nta9 sc5]y is due4 ,geologi/s tell u t a !ory ( cata/rophes is unphilosophical2 b1 :atev] may be ! sci5tific tru?1 our m9ds are impress$ z ?\gh we 7 witness+ ! results ( "s incr$ible convulsion4 ,at ,/oneh5ge we ask :at human be+s c\ld h erect$ ^! /range grey monum5ts1 & 9 ! m\nta9s we in/9ctively ask :at =ce c h c>v$ out ! ,matt]horn1 & plac$ ! ,wett]horn on its gigantic p$e/al4 ,n[1 x is n till we rea* "s comm&+ po9t t we realise ! amaz+ ext5t ( c\ntry ov] :i* ! solid gr\nd has be5 %ak+ & heav+ itself 9 irresi/ible tumult4 ,some?+1 x is true1 ( ?is la/ effect may be se5 f su* m\nta9s z ! ,rigi or ! ,faulhorn4 ,!re1 too1 "o seems to be at ! c5tre ( a va/ sph]e1 ! e>? b5d+ up 9 a cup-l =m to meet ! sky1 & ! blue vault above /ret*+ 9 an ar* maje/ical by its enorm\s ext5t4 ,!re y seem to see a s5sible fraction ( ! _w at y\r feet4 ,b ! effect is f> less /rik+ :5 o!r m\nta9s obvi\sly look d[n ^u y2 :51 z x 71 y are look+ at ! waves ( ! great ocean ( hills m]ely f ! cre/ ( "o ( ! waves !mselves1 & n f "s ligh?\se t rises f> ov] _! heads2 = ! ,wett]horn1 l ! ,eig]1 ,mn*1 & ,jungfrau1 owes "o great beauty to ! fact t x is on ! edge ( ! l[] c\ntry1 & /&s betwe5 ! real giants & ! cr[d ( inf]ior1 ?\gh /ill enorm\s1 masses 9 att5dance ^u !m4 ,&1 9 ! next place1 y\r m9d is f> bett] adapt$ to receive impressions ( sublimity :5 y are alone1 9 a sil5t region1 ) a black sky above & giant cliffs all r\nd2 ) a s5se /ill 9 y\r m9d1 if n ( actual dang]1 /ill ( dang] t w\ld become real ) ! slighte/ relaxation ( caution1 & ) ! _w divid$ f y by h\rs ( sn[ & rock4 ,i w g no fur!r1 n because ,i h no m to say1 b because descriptions ( sc5]y soon become we>isome1 & because ,i h1 ,i hope1 said en\gh to %[ t ! m\nta9e] may boa/ ( "s intellectual pleasures2 t he is n a m]e scrambl]1 b t he looks = poetical impressions1 z well z = su* small glory z 8 a*ievem5ts may ga9 9 a v small circle4 ,some?+ ( :at he ga9s =tunately /icks by him3 he does n q =get ! m\nta9 language2 8 eye /ill recognises ! space & ! height & ! glory ( ! l(ty m\nta9s4 ,& yet !re is "s pa9 9 w&]+ gho/like among ! sc5es ( 8 e>li] pleasures4 ,= my "p1 ,i try 9 va9 to hug myself 9 a s5se ( com=t4 ,i turn ov] 9 b$ :5 ,i he> ! /amp+ ( heavily nail$ %oes along ! passage ( an inn ab\t #b ,a4,m4 ,i feel ! sk9 ( my nose complac5tly :5 ,i see o!rs return+ ) a gli/5+ tight aspect ab\t t unluckily prom95t feature1 & "k t 9 a day or two x w be raw & bli/]$ & burn+4 ,i ?9k1 9 a com=table inn at night1 ( ! mis]ies ( ^? :o are try+ to sleep 9 damp hay1 or on h>d bo>ds ( *lets1 at once cold & /uffy & haunt$ by innum]able fleas4 ,i congratulate myself on hav+ a :ole sk9 & unfractur$ bones1 & on ! small dang] ( ev] break+ !m ov] an ,alp9e precipice4 ,b yet ,i secretly "k t ^! consolations are feeble4 ,x is little use to avoid e>ly ris+ & discom=t1 & ev5 fleas1 if "o also loses ! pleasures to :i* !y 7 ! sauce--r too piquante a sauce occasionally1 x mu/ be admitt$4 ,! philosophy is all v well :i* recomm5ds mod]ate enjoym5t1 regul> ex]cise1 & a c>eful avoidance ( risk & ov]-excitem5t4 ,t is1 x is all v well s long z risk & excitem5t & immod]ate enjoym5t are out ( y\r p[]2 b x does n /& ! te/ ( look+ on & see+ !m j beyond y\r rea*4 ,9 "t1 no d\bt1 a man may gr[ calm2 he may le>n to enjoy ! pleasures & ! exquisite beauties ( ! l[] regions--?\gh !y1 too1 are mo/ fully enjoy$ :5 !y h a contra/ ) beauties ( a diff]5t1 & pleasures ( a ke5] excitem5t4 ,:5 fir/ deb>r$1 at any rate1 "o feels l a balloon full ( gas1 & fix$ by immovable ropes to ! prosaic gr\nd4 ,x is pleasant to lie on "o's back 9 a b$ ( rhodod5drons1 & look up to a m\nta9 top pe]+ at "o f above a bank ( cl\d2 b x is pleasante/ :5 "o has qualifi$ oneself = repose by climb+ ! peak ! day be=e & becom+ famili> ) its t]rors & its beauties4 ,9 "t1 d\btless1 "o may get reconcil$ to any?+2 "o may settle d[n to be a cat]pill>1 ev5 aft] "o has kn[n ! pleasures ( be+ a butt]fly2 "o may become philosophical1 & h "o's clo!s let out2 & ev5 9 "t1 p]haps--?\gh x is almo/ too t]rible to contemplate--be cont5t ) a mule or a c>riage1 or t l[e/ dep? to :i* human be+s c s9k1 & = :i* ! ,engli% language happily af=ds no "n1 a *aise porteurs3 & ev5 9 su* degradation ! memory ( bett] times may be pleasant2 = ,i d\bt mu* :e!r x is tru? ! poet s+s-- ,t a sorr['s cr[n ( sorr[ is rememb]+ happi] ?+s4 ,c]ta9ly1 to a philosophical m9d1 ! s5tim5t is d\btful4 ,= my "p1 ! fate :i* has cut me (f1 if ,i may use ! expression1 9 ! fl[] ( my y\?1 & doom$ me to be a non-climb+ animal 9 future1 is "o :i* ought to exclude grumbl+4 ,i _c indicate x m pla9ly1 = ,i might s make ev5 ! grumbl+ 9 :i* ,i h already indulg$ look l a s94 ,i c only say t !re are "s v delightful ?+s 9 :i* x is possible to discov] an inf9itesimal drop ( bitt]ness1 & t ! m\nta9e] :o und]takes to cut himself (f f 8 fav\rite pa/ime1 ev5 = reasons :i* he w admit 9 8 wilde/ moods to be m ?an amply suffici5t1 mu/ expect at times to feel c]ta9 pangs ( regret1 h[ev] quickly !y may be smo!r$4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cc3 ,f ,! ,playgr\nd ( ,europe1 #ahga4 ,,behavior#cd ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,em]son ,! s\l :i* animates nature is n less significantly publi%$ 9 ! figure1 movem5t1 & ge/ure ( animat$ bodies1 ?an 9 its la/ vehicle ( articulate spee*4 ,?is sil5t & subtle language is ,mann]s2 n :at1 b h[4 ,life expresses4 ,a /atue has no tongue1 & ne$s none4 ,good tableaux d n ne$ declamation4 ,nature tells e secret once4 ,yes1 b 9 man %e tells x all ! "t1 by =m1 attitude1 ge/ure1 mi51 face1 & p>ts ( ! face1 & by ! :ole action ( ! ma*9e4 ,! visible c>riage or action ( ! individual1 z result+ f 8 organization & 8 w comb9$1 we call mann]s4 ,:at are !y b ?\ght ent]+ ! h&s & feet1 controll+ ! movem5ts ( ! body1 ! spee* & behavior8 ,!re is always a be/ way ( do+ ev]y?+1 if x be to boil an egg4 ,mann]s are ! happy ways ( do+ ?+s2 ea* once a /roke ( g5ius or ( love1--n[ repeat$ & h>d5$ into usage4 ,!y =m at la/ a ri* v>ni%1 ) :i* ! r\t9e ( life is wa%$1 & its details adorn$4 ,if !y are sup]ficial1 s are ! dew-drops :i* give su* a dep? to ! morn+ mead[s4 ,mann]s are v communicable3 m5 cat* !m f ea* o!r4 ,consuelo1 9 ! romance1 boa/s ( ! lessons %e _h giv5 ! nobles 9 mann]s1 on ! /age3 &1 9 real life1 ,talma taught ,napoleon ! arts ( behavior4 ,g5ius inv5ts f9e mann]s1 :i* ! b>on & ! b>oness copy v fa/1 &1 by ! advantage ( a palace1 bett] ! in/ruction4 ,!y /]eotype ! lesson !y h le>n$ into a mode4 ,! p[] ( mann]s is incessant1--an elem5t z unconcealable z fire4 ,! nobility _c 9 any c\ntry be disguis$1 & no m 9 a republic or a democracy ?an 9 a k+dom4 ,no man c resi/ _! influ5ce4 ,!re are c]ta9 mann]s :i* are le>n$ 9 good society1 ( t =ce1 t1 if a p]son h !m1 he or %e mu/ be consid]$1 & is ev]y:]e welcome1 ?\gh )\t beauty1 or weal?1 or g5ius4 ,give a boy address & accompli%m5ts1 & y give him ! ma/]y ( palaces & =tunes :]e he goes4 ,he has n ! tr\ble ( e>n+ or own+ !m2 !y solicit him to ent] & possess4 ,we s5d girls ( a timid1 retreat+ disposition to ! bo>d+-s*ool1 to ! rid+-s*ool1 to ! ballroom1 or :]esoev] !y c come into acqua9tance & ne>ness ( lead+ p]sons ( _! own sex2 :]e !y might le>n address1 & see x ne> at h&4 ,! p[] ( a woman ( fa%ion to lead1 & also to daunt & repel1 d]ives f _! belief t %e kn[s res\rces & behaviors n kn[n to !m2 b :5 ^! h ma/]$ h] secret1 !y le>n to confront h]1 & recov] _! self-possession4 ,e day be>s witness to _! g5tle rule4 ,p :o w\ld obtrude1 n[ d n obtrude4 ,! m$iocre circle le>ns to dem& t :i* belongs to a high /ate ( nature or ( culture4 ,y\r mann]s are always "u exam9ation1 & by committees little suspect$1--a police 9 citiz5's clo!s1--b are aw>d+ or d5y+ y v high prizes :5 y lea/ ?9k ( x4 ,we talk mu* ( utilities1--b 'tis our mann]s t associate u4 ,9 h\rs ( bus9ess1 we g to him :o kn[s1 or has1 or does ?is or t :i* we want1 & we d n let our ta/e or feel+ /& 9 ! way4 ,b ?is activity ov]1 we return to ! indol5t /ate1 & wi% = ^? we c be at ease )2 ^? :o w g :]e we g1 ^: mann]s d n (f5d u1 ^: social tone *imes ) ours4 ,:5 we reflect on _! p]suasive & *e]+ =ce2 h[ !y recomm5d1 prep>e1 & draw p toge!r2 h[1 9 all clubs1 mann]s make ! memb]s2 h[ mann]s make ! =tune ( ! ambiti\s y\?2 t1 = ! mo/ "p1 8 mann]s m>ry him1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 he m>ries mann]s2 :5 we ?9k :at keys !y are1 & to :at secrets2 :at high lessons & inspir+ tok5s ( "* !y convey2 & :at div9ation is requir$ 9 u1 = ! read+ ( ?is f9e telegraph2 we see :at range ! subject has1 & :at relations to conv5i5ce1 p[]1 & beauty4 ,_! fir/ s]vice is v l[1--:5 !y are ! m9or morals2 b 'tis ! beg9n+ ( civility1--to make u1 ,i mean1 endurable to ea* o!r4 ,we prize !m = _! r\gh-pla/ic1 ab/]g5t =ce2 to get p out ( ! quadrup$ /ate2 to get !m wa%$1 clo!d1 & set up on end2 to sl\gh _! animal husks & habits2 compel !m to be clean2 ov]awe _! spite & meanness1 tea* !m to /ifle ! base1 & *oose ! g5]\s expression1 & make !m "k h[ mu* happi] ! g5]\s behaviors are4 ,bad behavior ! laws _c rea*4 ,society is inve/$ ) rude1 cynical1 re/less1 & frivol\s p]sons :o prey ^u ! re/1 & :om a public op9ion conc5trat$ into good mann]s1 =ms accept$ by ! s5se ( all1 c rea*2--! contradictors & rail]s at public & private tables1 :o are l t]ri]s1 :o conceive x ! duty ( a dog ( honor to gr[l at any pass]-by1 & d ! honors ( ! h\se by b>k+ him out ( sight2--,i h se5 m5 :o neigh l a horse :5 y contradict !m1 or say some?+ :i* !y d n und]/&2--!n ! ov]bold1 :o make _! own invitation to y\r he>?2 ! p]sev]+ talk]1 :o gives y 8 society 9 l>ge1 saturat+ doses2 ! piti]s ( !mselves1--a p]il\s class2 ! frivol\s ,asmodeus1 :o relies on y to f9d him 9 ropes ( s& to twi/2 ! monotones2 9 %ort1 e /ripe ( absurdity2--^! are social inflictions :i* ! magi/rate _c cure or def5d y f1 & :i* mu/ be intru/$ to ! re/ra9+ =ce ( cu/om1 & prov]bs1 & famili> rules ( behavior impress$ on "y p 9 _! s*ool-days4 ,9 ! hotels on ! banks ( ! ,mississippi1 !y pr9t1 or us$ to pr9t1 among ! rules ( ! h\se1 t ,no g5tleman c be p]mitt$ to come to ! public table )\t 8 coat2 & 9 ! same c\ntry1 9 ! pews ( ! *ur*es1 little plac>ds plead ) ! wor%ipp] aga9/ ! fury ( expectoration4 ,*>les ,dick5s self-sacrific+ly und]took ! re=mation ( our ,am]ican mann]s 9 unspeakable p>ticul>s4 ,i ?9k ! lesson 0 n q lo/2 t x held bad mann]s up1 s t ! *urls c\ld see ! de=mity4 ,unhappily1 ! book _h its own de=mities4 ,x ought n to ne$ to pr9t 9 a read+ room a caution to /rang]s n to speak l\d2 nor to p]sons :o look ov] f9e engrav+s1 t !y %\ld be h&l$ l cobwebs & butt]flies' w+s2 nor to p]sons :o look at m>ble /atues1 t !y %all n smite !m ) canes4 ,b1 ev5 9 ! p]fect civilization ( ?is city1 su* cautions are n q ne$less 9 ! ,a!naeum & ,city ,libr>y4 ,mann]s are factiti\s1 & gr[ out ( circum/ances z well z out ( "*4 ,if y look at ! pictures ( patricians & ( peasants1 ( diff]5t p]iods & c\ntries1 y w see h[ well !y mat* ! same classes 9 our t[ns4 ,! mod]n ari/ocrat n only is well drawn 9 ,titian's ,v5etian doges1 & 9 ,roman co9s & /atues1 b also 9 ! pictures :i* ,commodore ,p]ry br\ght home ( dignit>ies 9 ,japan4 ,broad l&s & great int]e/s n only arrive to su* heads z c manage !m1 b =m mann]s ( p[]4 ,a ke5 eye1 too1 w see nice gradations ( rank1 or see 9 ! mann]s ! degree ( homage ! p>ty is wont to receive4 ,a pr9ce :o is accu/om$ e day to be c\rt$ & def]r$ to by ! highe/ gr&ees1 acquires a correspond+ expectation1 & a becom+ mode ( receiv+ & reply+ to ?is homage4 ,!re are always exceptional p & modes4 ,engli% gr&ees affect to be f>m]s4 ,clav]h\se is a fop1 &1 "u ! f9i% ( dress1 & levity ( behavior1 hides ! t]ror ( 8 w>4 ,b ,nature & ,de/9y are hone/1 & nev] fail to leave _! m>k1 to hang out a sign = ea* & = e quality4 ,x is mu* to conqu] "o's face1 & p]haps ! ambiti\s y\? ?9ks he has got ! :ole secret :5 he has le>n$ t dis5gag$ mann]s are comm&+4 ,don't be deceiv$ by a facile ext]ior4 ,t5d] m5 sometimes h /rong wills4 ,we _h1 9 ,massa*usetts1 an old /atesman1 :o _h sat all 8 life 9 c\rts & 9 *airs ( /ate1 )\t ov]com+ an extreme irritability ( face1 voice1 & be>+3 :5 he spoke1 8 voice w\ld n s]ve him2 x crack$1 x broke1 x :eez$1 x pip$2--little c>$ he2 he knew t x _h got to pipe1 or :eeze1 or scree* 8 argum5t & 8 indignation4 ,:5 he sat d[n1 aft] speak+1 he seem$ 9 a sort ( fit1 & held on to 8 *air ) bo? h&s3 b und]nea? all ?is irritability 0 a puissant w1 firm & advanc+1 & a memory 9 :i* lay 9 ord] & me?od1 l geologic /rata1 e fact ( 8 hi/ory1 & "u ! control ( 8 w4 ,mann]s are p>tly factiti\s1 b1 ma9ly1 !re mu/ be capacity = culture 9 ! blood4 ,else all culture is va94 ,! ob/9ate prejudice 9 favor ( blood1 :i* lies at ! base ( ! feudal & mon>*ical fabrics ( ! old _w1 has "s reason 9 common exp]i5ce4 ,e man1--ma!matician1 arti/1 soldi]1 or m]*ant1--looks ) confid5ce = "s traits & tal5ts 9 8 own *ild1 :i* he w\ld n d>e to presume 9 ! *ild ( a /rang]4 ,! ,ori5tali/s are v or?odox on ?is po9t4 ,take a ?orn-bu%1 said ! emir ,abdel-,kad]1 & spr9kle x = a :ole ye> ) wat]1 x w yield no?+ b ?orns4 ,take a date-tree1 leave x )\t culture1 & x w always produce dates4 ,nobility is ! date-tree1 & ! ,arab populace is a bu% ( ?orns4 ,a ma9 fact 9 ! hi/ory ( mann]s is ! wond]ful expressiv5ess ( ! human body4 ,if x 7 made ( glass1 or ( air1 & ! ?\ghts 7 writt5 on /eel tablets )91 x c\ld n publi% m truly its mean+ ?an n[4 ,wise m5 read v %>ply all y\r private hi/ory 9 y\r look & gait & behavior4 ,! :ole economy ( nature is b5t on expression4 ,! tell-tale body is all tongues4 ,m5 are l ,g5eva wat*es ) cry/al faces :i* expose ! :ole movem5t4 ,!y c>ry ! liquor ( life fl[+ up & d[n 9 ^! beautiful bottles1 & ann\nc+ to ! curi\s h[ x is ) !m4 ,! face & eyes reveal :at ! _s is do+1 h[ old x is1 :at aims x has4 ,! eyes indicate ! antiquity ( ! s\l1 or ?r\gh h[ _m =ms x has already asc5d$4 ,x almo/ violates ! proprieties1 if we say above ! brea? "h :at ! confess+ eyes d n hesitate to utt] to e /reet pass5g]4 ,man _c fix 8 eye on ! sun1 & s f> seems imp]fect4 ,9 ,sib]ia1 a late travell] f\nd m5 :o c\ld see ! satellites ( ,jupit] ) _! un>m$ eye4 ,9 "s respects ! animals excel u4 ,! birds h a long] sight1 beside ! advantage by _! w+s ( a high] obs]vatory4 ,a c[ c bid h] calf1 by secret signal1 probably ( ! eye1 to run away1 or to lie d[n & hide itself4 ,! jockeys say ( c]ta9 horses1 t !y look ov] ! :ole gr\nd4 ,! outdoor life1 & hunt+1 & labor1 give equal vigor to ! human eye4 ,a f>m] looks out at y z /rong z ! horse2 8 eye-beam is l ! /roke ( a /aff4 ,an eye c ?reat5 l a load$ & levell$ gun1 or c insult l hiss+ or kick+2 or1 9 its alt]$ mood1 by beams ( k9dness1 x c make ! he>t dance ) joy4 ,! eye obeys exactly ! action ( ! m9d4 ,:5 a ?\ght /rikes u1 ! eyes fix1 & rema9 gaz+ at a di/ance2 9 enum]at+ ! names ( p]sons or ( c\ntries1 z ,france1 ,g]many1 ,spa91 ,turkey1 ! eyes w9k at ea* new "n4 ,!re is no nicety ( le>n+ s\ght by ! m9d1 :i* ! eyes d n vie 9 acquir+4 ,an arti/1 said ,mi*ael ,angelo1 mu/ h 8 measur+ tools n 9 ! h&1 b 9 ! eye2 & !re is no end to ! catalogue ( its p]=mances1 :e!r 9 indol5t vision 7t ( heal? & beauty7 or 9 /ra9$ vision 7t ( art & labor74 ,eyes are bold z lions1--rov+1 runn+1 leap+1 "h & !re1 f> & ne>4 ,!y speak all languages4 ,!y wait = no introduction2 !y are no ,engli%m52 ask no leave ( age or rank2 !y respect nei!r pov]ty nor ri*es1 nei!r le>n+ nor p[]1 nor virtue1 nor sex1 b intrude1 & come aga91 & g ?r\gh & ?r\gh y1 9 a mom5t ( "t4 ,:at inundation ( life & ?\ght is dis*>g$ f "o s\l into ano!r ?r\gh !m6 ,! glance is natural magic4 ,! my/]i\s communication e/abli%$ across a h\se betwe5 two entire /rang]s moves all ! spr+s ( wond]4 ,! communication by ! glance is 9 ! greate/ "p n subject to ! control ( ! w4 ,x is ! bodily symbol ( id5tity ( nature4 ,we look into ! eyes to "k if ?is o!r =m is ano!r self1 & ! eyes w n lie1 b make a fai?ful confession :at inhabitant is !re4 ,! revelations are sometimes t]rific4 ,! confession ( a l[1 usurp+ devil is !re made1 & ! obs]v] %all seem to feel ! /irr+ ( owls1 & bats1 & horn$ ho(s1 :]e he look$ = innoc5ce & simplicity4 ',tis rem>kable1 too1 t ! _s t appe>s at ! w9d[s ( ! h\se does at once inve/ himself 9 a new =m ( 8 own to ! m9d ( ! behold]4 ,! eyes ( m5 conv]se z mu* z _! tongues1 ) ! advantage1 t ! ocul> dialect ne$s no diction>y1 b is und]/ood all ! _w ov]4 ,:5 ! eyes say "o ?+1 & ! tongue ano!r1 a practis$ man relies on ! language ( ! fir/4 ,if ! man is (f 8 c5t]1 ! eyes %[ x4 ,y c read 9 ! eyes ( y\r companion1 :e!r y\r argum5t hits him1 ?\gh 8 tongue w n confess x4 ,!re is a look by :i* a man %[s he is go+ to say a good ?+1 & a look :5 he has said x4 ,va9 & =gott5 are all ! f9e (f]s & (fices ( hospitality1 if !re is no holiday 9 ! eye4 ,h[ _m furtive incl9ations av[$ by ! eye1 ?\gh dissembl$ by ! lips6 ,"o comes away f a company1 9 :i*1 x may easily happ51 he has said no?+1 & no important rem>k has be5 address$ to him1 & yet1 if 9 sympa?y ) ! society he %all n h a s5se ( ?is fact1 su* a /ream ( life has be5 fl[+ into him1 & out f him1 ?r\gh ! eyes4 ,!re are eyes1 to be sure1 t give no m admission into ! man ?an blue-b]ries4 ,o!rs are liquid & deep1--wells t a man might fall into2--o!rs are aggressive & dev\r+1 seem to call out ! police1 take all too mu* notice1 & require cr[d$ ,broadways1 & ! security ( millions1 to protect individuals aga9/ !m4 ,! milit>y eye ,i meet1 n[ d>kly sp>kl+ "u cl]ical1 n[ "u ru/ic br[s4 ',tis ! city ( ,lac$aemon2 'tis a /ack ( bayonets4 ,!re are ask+ eyes1 ass]t+ eyes1 pr[l+ eyes2 & eyes full ( fate1--"s ( good1 & "s ( s9i/] om54 ,! alleg$ p[] to *>m d[n insanity1 or f]ocity 9 bea/s1 is a p[] beh9d ! eye4 ,x mu/ be a victory a*iev$ 9 ! w be=e x c be signifi$ 9 ! eye4 ',tis v c]ta9 t ea* man c>ries 9 8 eye ! exact indication ( 8 rank 9 ! imm5se scale ( m51 & we are always le>n+ to read x4 ,a complete man %\ld ne$ no auxili>ies to 8 p]sonal pres5ce4 ,:oev] look$ on him w\ld cons5t to 8 w1 be+ c]tifi$ t 8 aims 7 g5]\s & univ]sal4 ,! reason :y m5 d n obey u1 is because !y see ! mud at ! bottom ( our eye4 ,if ! organ ( sight is su* a vehicle ( p[]1 ! o!r features h _! own4 ,a man f9ds room 9 ! few squ>e in*es ( ! face = ! traits ( all 8 ance/ors2 = ! expression ( all 8 hi/ory1 & 8 wants4 ,! sculptor1 & ,w9ckelmann1 & ,lavat]1 w tell y h[ significant a feature is ! nose2 h[ its =ms express /r5g? or weakness ( w1 & good or bad temp]4 ,! nose ( ,julius ,caes>1 ( ,dante1 & ( ,pitt1 sugge/ ! t]rors ( ! beak4 ,:at ref9em5t1 & :at limitations1 ! tee? betray6 ,bew>e y don't laugh1 said ! wise "m1 = !n y %[ all y\r faults4 ,balzac left 9 manuscript a *apt]1 :i* he call$ ,?orie de la dm>*e1#ce 9 :i* he says3 ,! look1 ! voice1 ! respiration1 & ! attitude or walk1 are id5tical4 ,b1 z x has n be5 giv5 to man1 ! p[] to /& gu>d1 at once1 ov] ^! f\r diff]5t simultane\s expressions ( 8 ?\ght1 wat* t "o :i* speaks out ! tru?1 & y w "k ! :ole man4 ,palaces int]e/ u ma9ly 9 ! exhibition ( mann]s1 :i*1 9 ! idle & exp5sive society dwell+ 9 !m1 are rais$ to a high art4 ,! maxim ( c\rts is1 t mann] is p[]4 ,a calm & resolute be>+1 a poli%$ spee*1 an embelli%m5t ( trifles1 & ! art ( hid+ all uncom=table feel+1 are ess5tial to ! c\rti]3 & ,sa9t ,simon1 & ,c>d9al de ,retz1 & ,ro$]]1 & an encyclopa$ia ( ,mmoires1 w in/ruct y1 if y wi%1 9 ^? pot5t secrets4 ,?us1 x is a po9t ( pride ) k+s to rememb] faces & names4 ,x is report$ ( "o pr9ce1 t 8 head _h ! air ( lean+ d[nw>ds1 9 ord] n to humble ! cr[d4 ,!re are p :o come 9 ev] l a *ild ) a piece ( good news4 ,x 0 said ( ! late ,"l ,holl&1 t he always came d[n to breakfa/ ) ! air ( a man :o _h j met ) "s signal good-=tune4 ,9 ,notre ,dame1 ! gr&ee took 8 place on ! dais1 ) ! look ( "o :o is ?9k+ ( some?+ else4 ,b we mu/ n peep & eavesdrop at palace-doors4 ,f9e mann]s ne$ ! support ( f9e mann]s 9 o!rs4 ,a s*ol> may be a well-br$ man1 or he may n4 ,! en?usia/ is introduc$ to poli%$ s*ol>s 9 society1 & is *ill$ & sil5c$ by f9d+ himself n 9 _! elem5t4 ,!y all h some:at :i* he has n1 &1 x seems1 ought to h4 ,b if he f9ds ! s*ol> ap>t f 8 companions1 x is !n ! en?usia/'s turn1 & ! s*ol> has no def5ce1 b mu/ deal on 8 t]ms4 ,n[ !y mu/ fight ! battle out on _! private /r5g?s4 ,:at is ! tal5t ( t "* s common1--! successful man ( ! _w1--9 all m>ts1 s5ates1 & draw+-rooms8 ,mann]s3 m>9]s ( p[]2 s5se to see 8 advantage1 & mann]s up to x4 ,see him approa* 8 man4 ,he kn[s t troops behave z !y are h&l$ at fir/2--t is 8 *eap secret2 j :at happ5s to e two p]sons :o meet on any affair1--"o in/antly p]ceives t he has ! key ( ! situation1 t 8 w compreh5ds ! o!r's w1 z ! cat does ! m\se2 & he has only to use c\rtesy1 & furni% good-natur$ reasons to 8 victim to cov] up ! *a91 le/ he be %am$ into resi/ance4 ,! !at] 9 :i* ?is sci5ce ( mann]s has a =mal importance is n ) u a c\rt1 b dress-circles1 :]e91 aft] ! close ( ! day's bus9ess1 m5 & wom5 meet at leisure1 = mutual ent]ta9m5t1 9 ornam5t$ draw+-rooms4 ,( c\rse1 x has e v>iety ( attraction & m]it2 b1 to e>ne/ p]sons1 to y\?s or maid5s :o h great objects at he>t1 we _c extol x highly4 ,a well-dress$1 talkative company1 :]e ea* is b5t to amuse ! o!r1--yet ! high-born ,turk :o came hi!r fanci$ t e woman seem$ to be suff]+ = a *air2 t all ! talk]s 7 bra9$ & exhau/$ by ! deoxyg5at$ air2 x spoil$ ! be/ p]sons3 x put all on /ilts4 ,yet "h are ! secret biographies writt5 & read4 ,! aspect ( t man is repulsive2 ,i d n wi% to deal ) him4 ,! o!r is irritable1 %y1 & on 8 gu>d4 ,! y\? looks humble & manly3 ,i *oose him4 ,look on ?is woman4 ,!re is n beauty1 nor brilliant say+s1 nor di/+ui%$ p[]1 to s]ve y2 b all see h] gladly2 h] :ole air & impression are heal?ful4 ,"h come ! s5tim5tali/s1 & ! invalids4 ,"h is ,elise1 :o caught cold 9 com+ into ! _w1 & has always increas$ x s9ce4 ,"h are creep-m\se mann]s1 & ?ievi% mann]s4 ,look at ,nor?cote1 said ,fuseli2 he looks l a rat t has se5 a cat4 ,9 ! %all[ company1 easily excit$1 easily tir$1 "h is ! column> ,b]n>d3 ! ,alleghanies d n express m repose ?an 8 behavior4 ,"h are ! sweet foll[+ eyes ( ,cecile3 x seem$ always t %e dem&$ ! he>t4 ,no?+ c be m excell5t 9 k9d ?an ! ,cor9?ian grace ( ,g]trude's mann]s1 & yet ,blan*e1 :o has no mann]s1 has bett] mann]s ?an %e2 = ! movem5ts ( ,blan*e are ! sallies ( a _s :i* is suffici5t = ! mom5t1 & %e c af=d to express e ?\ght by in/ant action4 ,mann]s h be5 some:at cynically def9$ to be a contrivance ( wise m5 to keep fools at a di/ance4 ,fa%ion is %rewd to detect ^? :o d n belong to h] tra91 & seldom wa/es h] att5tions4 ,society is v swift 9 its in/9cts1 &1 if y d n belong to x1 resi/s & sne]s at y2 or quietly drops y4 ,! fir/ weapon enrages ! p>ty attack$2 ! second is /ill m effective1 b is n to be resi/$1 z ! date ( ! transaction is n easily f\nd4 ,p gr[ up & gr[ old "u ?is infliction1 & nev] suspect ! tru?1 ascrib+ ! solitude :i* acts on !m v injuri\sly to any cause b ! "r "o4 ,! basis ( good mann]s is self-reliance4 ,necessity is ! law ( all :o are n self-possess$4 ,^? :o are n self-possess$1 obtrude1 & pa9 u4 ,"s m5 appe> to feel t !y belong to a ,p>iah ca/e4 ,!y fe> to (f5d1 !y b5d & apologize1 & walk ?r\gh life ) a timid /ep4 ,z we sometimes dream t we are 9 a well-dress$ company )\t any coat1 s ,godfrey acts ev] z if he suff]$ f "s mortify+ circum/ance4 ,! h]o %\ld f9d himself at home1 :]ev] he is2 %\ld imp>t com=t by 8 own security & good-nature to all behold]s4 ,! h]o is suff]$ to be himself4 ,a p]son ( /rong m9d comes to p]ceive t = him an immunity is secur$ s long z he r5d]s to society t s]vice :i* is native & prop] to him1--an immunity f all ! obs]vances1 yea1 & duties1 :i* society s tyrannically imposes on ! rank & file ( its memb]s4 ,euripides1 says ,aspasia1 has n ! f9e mann]s ( ,sophocles2 b1--%e adds good-humor$ly1 ! mov]s & ma/]s ( our s\ls h surely a "r to ?r[ out _! limbs z c>elessly z !y please on ! _w t belongs to !m1 & be=e ! creatures !y h animat$4#cf ,mann]s require "t1 z no?+ is m vulg> ?an ha/e4 ,fri5d%ip %\ld be surr\nd$ ) c]emonies & respects1 & n cru%$ into corn]s4 ,fri5d%ip requires m "t ?an poor busy m5 c usually comm&4 ,"h comes to me ,rol&1 ) a delicacy ( s5tim5t lead+ & inwrapp+ him l a div9e cl\d or holy gho/4 ,tis a great de/itution to bo? t ?is %\ld n be ent]ta9$ ) l>ge leisures1 b1 contr>iwise1 %\ld be balk$ by importunate affairs4 ,b ?r\gh ?is lu/r\s v>ni% ! reality is ev] %9+4 ',tis h>d to keep ! :at f break+ ?r\gh ?is pretty pa9t+ ( ! h[4 ,! core w come to ! surface4 ,/rong w & ke5 p]ception ov]p[] old mann]s & create new2 & ! ?\ght ( ! pres5t mom5t has a great] value ?an all ! pa/4 ,9 p]sons ( "*1 we d n rem>k mann]s1 because ( _! in/antane\sness4 ,we are surpris$ by ! ?+ done1 out ( all p[] to wat* ! way ( x4 ,yet no?+ is m *>m+ ?an to recognize ! great /yle :i* runs ?r\gh ! actions ( su*4 ,p masqu]ade be=e u 9 _! =tunes1 titles1 (fices1 & connections1 z academic or civil presid5ts1 or s5ators1 or pr(essors1 or great lawy]s1 & impose on ! frivol\s1 & a good deal on ea* o!r1 by ^! fames4 ,at lea/1 x is a po9t ( prud5t good mann]s to treat ^! reputations t5d]ly1 z if !y 7 m]it$4 ,b ! sad reali/ kn[s ^! fell[s at a glance1 & !y "k him2 z :5 9 ,p>is ! *ief ( ! police ent]s a ballroom1 s _m diamond$ pret5d]s %r9k & make !mselves z inconspicu\s z !y c1 or give him a supplicat+ look z !y pass4 ,i _h receiv$1 said a sybil1 ,i _h receiv$ at bir? ! fatal gift ( p5etration3--& ^! ,cass&ras are always born4 ,mann]s impress z !y indicate real p[]4 ,a man :o is sure ( 8 po9t1 c>ries a broad & cont5t$ expression1 :i* ev]ybody reads4 ,& y _c rightly tra9 "o to an air & mann]1 except by mak+ him ! k9d ( man ( :om t mann] is ! natural expression4 ,nature = ev] puts a premium on reality4 ,:at is done = effect1 is se5 to be done = effect2 :at is done = love1 is felt to be done = love4 ,a man inspires affection & honor1 because he 0 n ly+ 9 wait = ^!4 ,! ?+s ( a man = :i* we visit him1 7 done 9 ! d>k & ! cold4 ,a little integrity is bett] ?an any c>e]4 ,s deep are ! s\rces ( ?is surface-action1 t ev5 ! size ( y\r companion seems to v>y ) 8 fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,n only is he l>g]1 :5 at ease1 & 8 ?\ghts g5]\s1 b ev]y?+ ar\nd him becomes v>iable ) expression4 ,no c>p5t]'s rule1 no rod & *a91 w measure ! dim5sions ( any h\se or h\se-lot3 g into ! h\se3 if ! proprietor is con/ra9$ & def]r+1 'tis ( no importance h[ l>ge 8 h\se1 h[ beautiful 8 gr\nds1--y quickly come to ! end ( all2 b if ! man is self-possess$1 happy1 & at home1 8 h\se is deep-f\nd$1 indef9itely l>ge & int]e/+1 ! ro( & dome buoyant z ! sky4 ,"u ! humble/ ro(1 ! commone/ p]son 9 pla9 clo!s sits !re massive1 *e]ful1 yet =midable1 l ! ,egyptian colossi4 ,nei!r ,ari/otle1 nor ,leibnitz1 nor ,junius1 nor ,*ampollion has set d[n ! gramm>-rules ( ?is dialect1 old] ?an ,sanscrit2 b !y :o _c yet read ,engli%1 c read ?is4 ,m5 take ea* o!r's measure :5 !y meet = ! fir/ "t1--& e "t !y meet4 ,h[ d !y get ?is rapid k1 ev5 be=e !y speak1 ( ea* o!r's p[] & dispositions8 ,"o w\ld say1 t ! p]suasion ( _! spee* is n 9 :at !y say1--or1 t m5 d n conv9ce by _! argum5t1--b by _! p]sonality1 by :o !y are1 & :at !y said & did h]et(ore4 ,a man already /rong is li/5$ to1 & ev]y?+ he says is applaud$4 ,ano!r opposes him ) s\nd argum5t1 b ! argum5t is sc\t$1 until by-&-by x gets into ! m9d ( "s weighty p]son2 !n x beg9s to tell on ! community4 ,self-reliance is ! basis ( behavior1 z x is ! gu>anty t ! p[]s are n squ&]$ 9 too mu* demon/ration4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e s*ool education is univ]sal1 we h a sup]ficial culture1 & a pr(usion ( read+ & writ+ & expression4 ,we p>ade our nobilities 9 poems & orations1 in/ead ( work+ !m up into happ9ess4 ,!re is a :isp] out ( ! ages to him :o c und]/& x1--,:atev] is kn[n to ?yself alone1 has always v great value4 ,!re is "s reason to believe1 t1 :5 a man does n write 8 poetry1 x escapes by o!r v5ts ?r\gh him1 in/ead ( ! "o v5t ( writ+2 cl+s to 8 =m & mann]s1 :il/ poets h (t5 no?+ poetical ab\t !m except _! v]ses4 ,jacobi said t1 :5 a man has fully express$ 8 ?\ght1 he has some:at less possession ( x4 ,"o w\ld say1 ! rule is1--,:at a man is irresi/ibly urg$ to say1 helps him & u4 ,9 expla9+ 8 ?\ght to o!rs1 he expla9s x to himself3 b :5 he op5s x = %[1 x corrupts him4 ,society is ! /age on :i* mann]s are %[n2 novels are _! lit]ature4 ,novels are ! j\rnal or record ( mann]s2 & ! new importance ( ^! books d]ives f ! fact1 t ! noveli/ beg9s to p5etrate ! surface1 & treats ?is "p ( life m wor?ily4 ,! novels us$ to be all alike1 & _h a q vulg> tone4 ,! novels us$ to lead u on to a fooli% int]e/ 9 ! =tunes ( ! boy & girl !y describ$4 ,! boy 0 to be rais$ f a humble to a high position4 ,he 0 9 want ( a wife & a ca/le1 & ! object ( ! /ory 0 to supply him ) "o or bo?4 ,we wat*$ sympa!tically1 /ep by /ep1 8 climb+1 until1 at la/1 ! po9t is ga9$1 ! w$d+ day is fix$1 & we foll[ ! gala procession home to ! ca/le1 :5 ! doors are slamm$ 9 our face1 & ! poor read] is left outside 9 ! cold1 n enri*$ by s mu* z an idea1 or a virtu\s impulse4 ,b ! victories ( "* are in/ant1 & victories = all4 ,its greatness enl>ges all4 ,we are =tifi$ by e h]oic anecdote4 ,! novels are z useful z ,bibles1 if !y tea* y ! secret1 t ! be/ ( life is conv]sation1 & ! greate/ success is confid5ce1 or p]fect und]/&+ betwe5 s9c]e p4 ',tis a ,fr5* def9ition ( fri5d%ip1 ri5 que s'ent5dre1 good und]/&+4 ,! highe/ compact we c make ) our fell[ is1--,let !re be tru? betwe5 u two = ev]more4 ,t is ! *>m 9 all good novels1 z x is ! *>m 9 all good hi/ories1 t ! h]oes mutually und]/&1 f ! fir/1 & deal loyally1 & ) a pr(\nd tru/ 9 ea* o!r4 ,x is sublime to feel & say ( ano!r1 ,i ne$ nev] meet1 or speak1 or write to him3 we ne$ n re9=ce ourselves1 or s5d tok5s ( remembrance3 ,i rely on him z on myself3 if he did ?us or ?us1 ,i "k x 0 "r4 ,9 all ! sup]ior p ,i h met1 ,i notice directness1 tru? spok5 m truly1 z if ev]y?+ ( ob/ruction1 ( mal=mation1 _h be5 tra9$ away4 ,:at h !y to conceal8 ,:at h !y to exhibit8 ,betwe5 simple & noble p]sons1 !re is always a quick intellig5ce3 !y recognize at sight1 & meet on a bett] gr\nd ?an ! tal5ts & skills !y may *ance to possess1 namely1 on s9c]ity & uprightness4 ,=1 x is n :at tal5ts or g5ius a man has1 b h[ he is to 8 tal5ts1 t con/itutes fri5d%ip & "*4 ,! man t /&s by himself1 ! univ]se /&s by him also4 ,x is relat$ ( ! monk ,basle1 t1 be+ excommunicat$ by ! ,pope1 he 01 at 8 dea?1 s5t 9 *>ge ( an angel to f9d a fit place ( suff]+ 9 hell2 b1 su* 0 ! eloqu5ce & good-humor ( ! monk1 t1 :]ev] he w5t1 he 0 receiv$ gladly1 & civilly treat$1 ev5 by ! mo/ uncivil angels3 &1 :5 he came to disc\rse ) !m1 in/ead ( contradict+ or =c+ him1 !y took 8 "p1 & adopt$ 8 mann]s3 & ev5 good angels came f f> to see him1 & take up _! abode ) him4 ,! angel t 0 s5t to f9d a place ( torm5t = him1 attempt$ to remove him to a worse pit1 b ) no bett] success2 = su* 0 ! cont5t$ _s ( ! monk1 t he f\nd some?+ to praise 9 e place & company1 ?\gh 9 hell1 & made a k9d ( heav5 ( x4 ,at la/ ! escort+ angel return$ ) 8 prison] to !m t s5t him1 say+1 t no phlege?on c\ld be f\nd t w\ld burn him2 = t1 9 :atev] condition1 ,basle rema9$ incorrigibly ,basle4 ,! leg5d says1 8 s5t5ce 0 remitt$1 & he 0 all[$ to g into heav51 & 0 canoniz$ z a sa9t4 ,!re is a /roke ( magnanimity 9 ! correspond5ce ( ,bonap>te ) 8 bro!r ,joseph1 :5 ! latt] 0 ,k+ ( ,spa91 & compla9$ t he miss$ 9 ,napoleon's lett]s ! affectionate tone :i* _h m>k$ _! *ildi% correspond5ce4 ,i am sorry1 replies ,napoleon1 y ?9k y %all f9d y\r bro!r aga9 only 9 ! ,elysian ,fields4 ,x is natural t at =ty he %\ld n feel t[>ds y z he did at twelve4 ,b 8 feel+s t[>ds y h great] tru? & /r5g?4 ,8 fri5d%ip has ! features ( 8 m9d4 ,h[ mu* we =give to ^? :o yield u ! r>e spectacle ( h]oic mann]s6 ,we w p>don !m ! want ( books1 ( arts1 & ev5 ( ! g5tl] virtues4 ,h[ t5aci\sly we rememb] !m6 ,"h is a lesson :i* ,i br\ght along ) me 9 boyhood f ! ,lat9 ,s*ool1 & :i* ranks ) ! be/ ( ,roman anecdotes4 ,m>cus ,scaurus 0 accus$ by ,qu9tus ,v>ius ,hispanus1 t he _h excit$ ! allies to take arms aga9/ ! ,republic4 ,b he1 full ( firmness & gravity1 def5d$ himself 9 ?is mann]3 ,qu9tus ,v>ius ,hispanus alleges t ,m>cus ,scaurus1 ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 excit$ ! allies to arms3 ,m>cus ,scaurus1 ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 d5ies x4 ,!re is no witness4 ,:i* d y believe1 ,romans8 ,utri cr$itis1 ,quirites8 ,:5 he _h said ^! words1 he 0 absolv$ by ! assembly ( ! p4 ,i h se5 mann]s t make a simil> impression ) p]sonal beauty2 t give ! l exhil>ation1 & ref9e u l t2 &1 9 memorable exp]i5ces1 !y are sudd5ly bett] ?an beauty1 & make t sup]flu\s & ugly4 ,b !y mu/ be m>k$ by f9e p]ception1 ! acqua9tance ) real beauty4 ,!y mu/ always %[ self-control3 y %all n be facile1 apologetic1 or leaky1 b k+ ov] y\r ^w2 & e ge/ure & action %all indicate p[] at re/4 ,!n !y mu/ be inspir$ by ! good he>t4 ,!re is no beautifi] ( complexion1 or =m1 or behavior1 l ! wi% to scatt] joy & n pa9 ar\nd u4 ',tis good to give a /rang] a meal1 or a night's lodg+4 ',tis bett] to be hospitable to 8 good mean+ & ?\ght1 & give c\rage to a companion4 ,we mu/ be z c\rte\s to a man z we are to a picture1 :i* we are will+ to give ! advantage ( a good light4 ,special precepts are n to be ?\ght (3 ! tal5t ( well-do+ conta9s !m all4 ,e h\r w %[ a duty z p>am\nt z t ( my :im j n[2 & yet ,i w write x1--t !re is "o topic p]emptorily =bidd5 to all well-br$1 to all rational mortals1 namely1 _! di/emp]s4 ,if y h n slept1 or if y h slept1 or if y h heada*e1 or sciatica1 or leprosy1 or ?und]-/roke1 ,i besee* y1 by all angels1 to hold y\r peace1 & n pollute ! morn+1 to :i* all ! h\semates br+ s]5e & pleasant ?\ghts1 by corruption & groans4 ,come out 9 ! azure4 ,love ! day4 ,d n leave ! sky out ( y\r l&scape4 ,! olde/ & ! mo/ des]v+ p]son %\ld come v mode/ly into any newly awak$ company1 respect+ ! div9e communications1 out ( :i* all mu/ be presum$ to h newly come4 ,an old man :o add$ an elevat+ culture to a l>ge exp]i5ce ( life1 said to me1 ,:5 y come into ! room1 ,i ?9k ,i w /udy h[ to make humanity beautiful to y4 ,z respects ! delicate "q ( culture1 ,i d n ?9k t any o!r ?an negative rules c be laid d[n4 ,= positive rules1 = sugge/ion1 nature alone inspires x4 ,:o d>e assume to guide a y\?1 a maid1 to p]fect mann]s8--! gold5 mean is s delicate1 difficult1--say frankly unatta9able4 ,:at f9e/ h&s w\ld n be clumsy to sket* ! g5ial precepts ( ! "y girl's demeanor8 ,! *ances seem inf9ite aga9/ success2 & yet success is cont9ually atta9$4 ,!re mu/ n be second>9ess1 & 'tis a ?\s& to "o t h] air & mann] w at once betray t %e is n prim>y1 b t !re is "s o!r "o or _m ( h] class1 to :om %e habitually po/pones h]self4 ,b nature lifts h] easily1 & )\t kn[+ x1 ov] ^! impossibilities1 & we are cont9ually surpris$ ) graces & felicities n only untea*able1 b undescribable4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cd3 ,*apt] ,v ( ,! ,conduct ( ,life1 #ahfj4 ,footnote #ce3 ,!ory ( gait & demeanor4 ,footnote #cf3 ,f ,l&or's ,p]icles & ,aspasia4 ,,mann]s ,,& ,,fa%ion#cg ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] ,"s :o %un draw+-rooms d s f inability to be> ! re/ra9ts prescrib$ by a g5u9e ref9em5t1 & !y w\ld be greatly improv$ by be+ kept "u ^! re/ra9ts4 ,b x is n less true t1 by add+ to ! legitimate re/ra9ts1 :i* are bas$ on conv5i5ce & a reg>d = o!rs1 a ho/ ( factiti\s re/ra9ts bas$ only on conv5tion1 ! ref9+ discipl9e1 :i* w\ld else h be5 borne ) b5efit1 is r5d]$ unbe>able1 & s misses its end4 ,excess ( gov]nm5t inv>iably defeats itself by driv+ away ^? to be gov]n$4 ,& if ov] all :o des]t its ent]ta9m5ts 9 disgu/ ei!r at _! empt9ess or _! =mality1 society ?us loses its salut>y influ5ce--if su* n only fail to receive t moral culture :i* ! company ( ladies1 :5 rationally regulat$1 w\ld give !m1 b1 9 default ( o!r relaxation1 are driv5 into habits & companion%ips :i* (t5 end 9 gambl+ & drunk5ness2 mu/ we n say t "h1 too1 is an evil n to be pass$ ov] z insignificant8 ,!n consid] :at a blight+ effect ^! multitud9\s prep>ations & c]emonies h ^u ! pleasures !y pr(ess to subs]ve4 ,:o1 on call+ to m9d ! occasions ( 8 highe/ social enjoym5ts1 does n f9d !m to h be5 :olly in=mal1 p]haps impromptu8 ,h[ delightful a picnic ( fri5ds1 :o =get all obs]vances save ^? dictat$ by good nature6 ,h[ pleasant ! little unpret5d$ ga!r+s ( book-societies1 & ! l2 or ^? purely accid5tal meet+s ( a few p well kn[n to ea* o!r6 ,!n1 inde$1 we may see t a man %>p5e? ! c\nt5ance ( 8 fri5d4 ,*eeks flu%1 & eyes sp>kle4 ,! witty gr[ brilliant1 & ev5 ! dull are excit$ into say+ good ?+s4 ,!re is an ov]fl[ ( topics2 & ! "r ?\ght1 & ! "r words to put x 91 spr+ up uns\ght4 ,grave alt]nates ) gay3 n[ s]i\s conv]se1 & n[ jokes1 anecdotes1 & playful raill]y4 ,ev]yone's be/ nature is %[n1 ev]yone's be/ feel+s are 9 pleasurable activity2 &1 = ! "t1 life seems well wor? hav+4 ,g n[ & dress = "s half-pa/ eight d9n]1 or "s t5 o'clock at home2 & pres5t y\rself 9 spotless attire1 ) e hair arrang$ to p]fection4 ,h[ great ! diff]5ce6 ,! enjoym5t seems 9 ! inv]se ratio ( ! prep>ation4 ,^! figures1 got up ) su* f9i% & precision1 appe> b half alive4 ,!y h froz5 ea* o!r by _! primness2 & y\r faculties feel ! numb+ effects ( ! atmosph]e ! mom5t y ent] x4 ,all ^? ?\ghts1 s nimble & s apt a:ile s9ce1 h disappe>$--h sudd5ly acquir$ a pret]natural p[] ( elud+ y4 ,if y v5ture a rem>k to y\r neighb\r1 !re comes a trite rejo9d]1 & !re x ends4 ,no subject y c hit ^u outlives half a doz5 s5t5ces4 ,no?+ t is said excites any real int]e/ 9 y2 & y feel t all y say is li/5$ to ) apa?y4 ,by "s /range magic1 ?+s t usually give pleasure seem to h lo/ all *>m4 ,y h a ta/e = art4 ,we>y ( frivol\s talk1 y turn to ! table1 & f9d t ! book ( engrav+s & ! portfolio ( photographs are z flat z ! conv]sation4 ,y are fond ( music4 ,yet ! s++1 good z x is1 y he> ) utt] indiff]5ce2 & say ,?ank y ) a s5se ( be+ a pr(\nd hypocrite4 ,:olly at ease ?\gh y c\ld be1 = y\r own "p1 y f9d t y\r sympa?ies w n let y4 ,y see "y g5tlem5 feel+ :e!r _! ties are prop]ly adju/$1 look+ vacantly r\nd1 & consid]+ :at !y %all d next4 ,y see ladies sitt+ disconsolately1 wait+ = "s "o to speak to !m1 & wi%+ !y _h ! :]e) to occupy _! f+]s4 ,y see ! ho/ess /&+ ab\t ! doorway1 keep+ a factiti\s smile on h] face1 & rack+ h] bra9 to f9d ! requisite no?+s ) :i* to greet h] gue/s z !y ent]4 ,y see numb]less traits ( we>9ess & emb>rassm5t2 &1 if y h any fell[-feel+1 ^! _c fail to produce a feel+ ( discom=t4 ,! disord] is cat*+2 & d :at y w y _c resi/ ! g5]al infection4 ,y /ruggle aga9/ x2 y make spasmodic ef=ts to be lively2 b none ( y\r sallies or y\r good /ories d m ?an raise a simp] or a =c$ laugh3 intellect & feel+ are alike asphyxiat$4 ,& :51 at l5g?1 yield+ to y\r disgu/1 y ru% away1 h[ great is ! relief :5 y get into ! fre% air1 & see ! />s6 ,h[ y ,?ank ,god1 t's ov]6 & half resolve to avoid all su* bor$om = ! future6 ,:at1 n[1 is ! secret ( ?is p]petual misc>riage & disappo9tm5t8 ,does n ! fault lie ) all ^! ne$less adjuncts--^! elaborate dress+s1 ^! set =ms1 ^! exp5sive prep>ations1 ^! _m devices & arrangem5ts t imply tr\ble & raise expectation8 ,:o t has liv$ ?irty ye>s 9 ! _w has n discov]$ t ,pleasure is coy2 & mu/ n be too directly pursu$1 b mu/ be caught unaw>es8 ,an air f a /reet-piano1 he>d :ile at "w1 w (t5 gratify m ?an ! *oice/ music play$ at a conc]t by ! mo/ accompli%$ musicians4 ,a s+le good picture se5 9 a deal]'s w9d[1 may give ke5] enjoym5t ?an a :ole exhibition gone ?r\gh ) catalogue & p5cil4 ,by ! "t we h got ready our elaborate app>atus by :i* to secure happ9ess1 ! happ9ess is gone4 ,x is too subtle to be conta9$ 9 ^! receiv]s1 g>ni%$ ) complim5ts1 & f5c$ r\nd ) etiquette4 ,! m we multiply & complicate appliances1 ! m c]ta9 are we to drive x away4 ,! reason is pat5t en\gh4 ,^! high] emotions to :i* social int]c\rse m9i/]s1 are ( extremely complex nature2 !y consequ5tly dep5d = _! production ^u v num]\s conditions2 ! m num]\s ! conditions1 ! great] ! liability t "o or o!r ( !m w be di/urb$1 & ! emotions consequ5tly prev5t$4 ,x takes a consid]able mis=tune to de/roy appetite2 b cordial sympa?y ) ^? ar\nd may be ext+ui%$ by a look or a ^w4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t ! m multipli$ ! unnecess>y requirem5ts ) :i* social int]c\rse is surr\nd$1 ! less likely are its pleasures to be a*iev$4 ,x is difficult en\gh to fulfil cont9u\sly all ! ess5tials to a pleasurable communion ) o!rs3 h[ mu* m difficult1 !n1 mu/ x be cont9u\sly to fulfil a ho/ ( non-ess5tials also6 ,x is1 inde$1 impossible4 ,! attempt inevitably ends 9 ! sacrifice ( ! fir/ to ! la/--! ess5tials to ! non-ess5tials4 ,:at *ance is !re ( gett+ any g5u9e response f ! lady :o is ?9k+ ( y\r /upidity 9 tak+ h] 9 to d9n] on ! wrong arm8 ,h[ are y likely to h agreeable conv]se ) ! g5tleman :o is fum+ int]nally because he is n plac$ next to ! ho/ess8 ,=malities1 famili> z !y may become1 necess>ily occupy att5tion--necess>ily multiply ! occasions = mi/ake1 misund]/&+1 & jeal\sy1 on ! "p ( "o or o!r--necess>ily di/ract all m9ds f ! ?\ghts & feel+s t %\ld occupy !m--necess>ily1 !re=e1 subv]t ^? conditions "u :i* only any /]l+ int]c\rse is to be _h4 ,& ?is inde$ is ! fatal mis*ief :i* ^! conv5tions entail--a mis*ief to :i* e o!r is second>y4 ,!y de/roy ^? highe/ ( our pleasures :i* !y pr(ess to subs]ve4 ,all in/itutions are alike 9 ?is1 t h[ev] useful1 & ne$ful ev51 !y orig9ally 71 !y n only 9 ! end cease to be s1 b become detrim5tal4 ,:ile humanity is gr[+1 !y cont9ue fix$2 daily get m me*anical & unvital2 & by & by t5d to /rangle :at !y be=e pres]v$4 ,x is n simply t !y become corrupt & fail to act2 !y become ob/ructions4 ,old =ms ( gov]nm5t f9ally gr[ s oppressive1 t !y mu/ be ?r[n (f ev5 at ! risk ( reigns ( t]ror4 ,old cre$s end 9 be+ dead =mulas1 :i* no long] aid b di/ort & arre/ ! g5]al m9d2 :ile ! ,/ate-*ur*es adm9i/]+ !m1 come to be in/rum5ts = subsidis+ cons]vatism & repress+ progress4 ,old s*emes ( education1 inc>nat$ 9 public s*ools & colleges1 cont9ue fill+ ! heads ( new g5]ations ) :at has become relatively useless k1 &1 by consequ5ce1 exclud+ k :i* is useful4 ,n an organisation ( any k9d--political1 religi\s1 lit]>y1 philan?ropic--b :at1 by its ev]-multiply+ regulations1 its accumulat+ weal?1 its ye>ly addition ( (fic]s1 & ! creep+ into x ( patronage & p>ty feel+1 ev5tually loses its orig9al _s1 & s9ks into a m]e lifeless me*anism1 work$ ) a view to private ends--a me*anism :i* n m]ely fails ( its fir/ purpose1 b is a positive h9drance to x4 ,?us is x1 too1 ) social usages4 ,we read ( ! ,*9ese t !y h pond]\s c]emonies transmitt$ f "t immemorial1 :i* make social int]c\rse a burd54 ,! c\rt =ms prescrib$ by mon>*s = _! own exaltation1 h1 9 all times & places1 end$ 9 consum+ ! com=t ( _! lives4 ,& s ! artificial obs]vances ( ! d9+-room & saloon1 9 proportion z !y are _m & /rict1 ext+ui% t agreeable communion :i* !y 7 orig9ally int5d$ to secure4 ,! dislike ) :i* p commonly speak ( society t is =mal1 & /iff1 & c]emoni\s1 implies ! g5]al recognition ( ?is fact2 & ?is recognition1 logically develop$1 involves t all usages ( behavi\r :i* are n bas$ on natural requirem5ts1 are injuri\s4 ,t ^! conv5tions defeat _! own ends is no new ass]tion4 ,swift1 criticis+ ! mann]s ( 8 day1 says--,wise m5 are (t5 m uneasy at ! ov]-civility ( ^! ref9]s ?an !y c\ld possibly be 9 ! conv]sation ( peasants & me*anics4 ,b x is n only 9 ^! details t ! self-defeat+ action ( our arrangem5ts is traceable3 x is traceable 9 ! v sub/ance & nature ( !m4 ,our social int]c\rse1 z commonly manag$1 is a m]e semblance ( ! reality s\ght4 ,:at is x t we want8 ,"s sympa!tic conv]se ) our fell[-creatures3 "s conv]se t %all n be m]e dead words1 b ! vehicle ( liv+ ?\ghts & feel+s--conv]se 9 :i* ! eyes & ! face %all speak1 & ! tones ( ! voice be full ( mean+--conv]se :i* %all make u feel no long] alone1 b %all draw u clos] to ano!r1 & d\ble our own emotions by add+ ano!r's to !m4 ,:o is !re t has n1 f "t to "t1 felt h[ cold & flat is all ?is talk ab\t politics & sci5ce1 & ! new books & ! new m51 & h[ a g5u9e utt]ance ( fell[-feel+ outweighs ! :ole ( x8 ,m>k ! words ( ,bacon3--,= a cr[d is n a company1 & faces are b a gall]y ( pictures1 & talk b a t9kl+ cymbal1 :]e !re is no love4 ,if ?is be true1 !n x is only aft] acqua9tance has gr[n into intimacy1 & intimacy has rip5$ into fri5d%ip1 t ! real communion :i* m5 ne$ becomes possible4 ,a rationally-=m$ circle mu/ consi/ almo/ :olly ( ^? on t]ms ( famili>ity & reg>d1 ) b "o or two /rang]s4 ,:at folly1 !n1 und]lies ! :ole sy/em ( our gr& d9n]s1 our at homes1 our ev5+ p>ties--assemblages made up ( _m :o nev] met be=e1 _m o!rs :o j b[ to ea* o!r1 _m o!rs :o ?\gh famili> feel mutual indiff]5ce1 ) j a few real fri5ds lo/ 9 ! g5]al mass6 ,y ne$1 b look r\nd at ! artificial expression ( face1 to see at once h[ x is4 ,all h _! disguises on2 & h[ c !re be sympa?y betwe5 masks8 ,no wond] t 9 private e "o exclaims aga9/ ! /upidity ( ^! ga!r+s4 ,no wond] t ho/esses get !m up r because !y mu/ ?an because !y wi%4 ,no wond] t ! invit$ g less f ! expectation ( pleasure ?an f fe> ( giv+ (f5ce4 ,! :ole ?+ is a gigantic mi/ake--an organis$ disappo9tm5t4 ,& !n note1 la/ly1 t 9 ?is case1 z 9 all o!rs1 :5 an organisation has become effete & inop]ative = its legitimate purpose1 x is employ$ = q o!r ones--q opposite ones4 ,:at is ! usual plea put 9 = giv+ & att5d+ ^! t$i\s assemblies8 ,i admit t !y are /upid & frivol\s en\gh1 replies e man to y\r criticisms2 b !n1 y "k1 "o mu/ keep up "o's connections4 ,& c\ld y get f 8 wife a s9c]e answ]1 x w\ld be--,l y1 ,i am sick ( ^! frivolities2 b !n1 we mu/ get our daught]s m>ri$4 ,! "o kn[s t !re is a pr(ession to pu%1 a practice to ga91 a bus9ess to ext5d3 or p>liam5t>y influ5ce1 or c\nty patronage1 or votes1 or (fice1 to be got3 position1 b]?s1 fav\rs1 pr(it4 ,! o!r's ?\ghts run ^u husb&s & settlem5ts1 wives & d[ries4 ,wor?less = _! o/5sible purpose ( daily br++ human be+s into pleasurable relations ) ea* o!r1 ^! cumbr\s appliances ( our social int]c\rse are n[ p]sev]+ly kept 9 action ) a view to ! pecuni>y & matrimonial results :i* !y indirectly produce4 ,:o !n %all say t ! re=m ( our sy/em ( obs]vances is unimportant8 ,:5 we see h[ ?is sy/em induces fa%ionable extravagance1 ) its entail$ bankruptcy & ru9--:5 we m>k h[ greatly x limits ! am\nt ( social int]c\rse among ! less weal?y classes--:5 we f9d t _m :o mo/ ne$ to be discipl9$ by mix+ ) ! ref9$ are driv5 away by x1 & l$ into dang]\s & (t5 fatal c\rses--:5 we c\nt up ! _m m9or evils x inflicts1 ! extra "w :i* its co/l9ess entails on all pr(essional & m]cantile m51 ! damage to public ta/e 9 dress & decoration by ! sett+ up ( its absurdities z /&>ds = imitation1 ! injury to heal? indicat$ 9 ! faces ( its devotees at ! close ( ! ,london season1 ! mortality ( mill9]s & ! l1 :i* its sudd5 exig5cies ye>ly involve2--& :5 to all ^! we add its fatal s91 t x blights1 )]s up1 & kills t high enjoym5t x pr(ess$ly m9i/]s to--t enjoym5t :i* is a *ief end ( our h>d /ruggl+ 9 life to obta9--%all we n conclude t to re=m our sy/em ( etiquette & fa%ion1 is an aim yield+ to few 9 urg5cy8 ,!re ne$s1 !n1 a prote/antism 9 social usages4 ,=ms t h ceas$ to facilitate & h become ob/ructive--:e!r political1 religi\s1 or o!r--h ev] to be swept away2 & ev5tually are s swept away 9 all cases4 ,signs are n want+ t "s *ange is at h&4 ,a ho/ ( satiri/s1 l$ on by ,?ack]ay1 h be5 = ye>s engag$ 9 br++ our %am-fe/ivities1 & our fa%ionable follies1 into contempt2 & 9 _! c&id moods1 mo/ m5 laugh at ! frivolities ) :i* !y & ! _w 9 g5]al are delud$4 ,ridicule has always be5 a revolution>y ag5t4 ,t :i* is habitually assail$ ) sne]s & s>casms _c long survive4 ,in/itutions t h lo/ _! roots 9 m5's respect & fai? are doom$2 & ! day ( _! dissolution is n f> (f4 ,! "t is approa*+1 !n1 :5 our sy/em ( social obs]vances mu/ pass ?r\gh "s crisis1 out ( :i* x w come purifi$ & comp>atively simple4 ,h[ ?is crisis w be br\ght ab\t1 no "o c ) any c]ta9ty say4 ,:e!r by ! cont9uance & increase ( individual prote/s1 or :e!r by ! union ( _m p]sons = ! practice & propagation ( "s bett] sy/em1 ! future alone c decide4 ,! influ5ce ( diss5ti5ts act+ )\t coop]ation1 seems1 "u ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 inadequate4 ,/&+ sev]ally alone1 & hav+ no well-def9$ views2 fr[n$ on by con=mi/s1 & expo/ulat$ ) ev5 by ^? :o secretly sympa?ise ) !m2 subject to petty p]secutions1 & unable to trace any b5efit produc$ by _! example2 !y are apt1 "o by "o1 to give up _! attempts z hopeless4 ,! "y conv5tion-break] ev5tually f9ds t he pays too heavily = 8 noncon=mity4 ,hat+1 = example1 ev]y?+ t be>s ab\t x any remnant ( s]vility1 he det]m9es1 9 ! ard\r ( 8 indep5d5ce1 t he w uncov] to no "o4 ,b :at he means simply z a g5]al prote/1 he f9ds t ladies int]pret into a p]sonal disrespect4 ,?\gh he sees t1 f ! days ( *ivalry d[nw>ds1 ^! m>ks ( supreme consid]ation paid to ! o!r sex h be5 b a hypocritical c\nt]p>t to ! actual subjection 9 :i* m5 h held !m--a pret5d$ submission to comp5sate = a real dom9ation2 & ?\gh he sees t :5 ! true dignity ( wom5 is recognis$1 ! mock dignities giv5 to !m w be aboli%$1 yet he does n l to be ?us misund]/ood1 & s hesitates 9 8 practice4 ,9 o!r cases1 aga91 8 c\rage fails him4 ,su* ( 8 unconv5tionalities z c be attribut$ only to ecc5tricity1 he has no qualms ab\t3 =1 on ! :ole1 he feels r complim5t$ ?an o!rwise 9 be+ consid]$ a disreg>d] ( public op9ion4 ,b :5 !y are liable to be put d[n to ignorance1 to ill-bre$+1 or to pov]ty1 he becomes a c[>d4 ,h[ev] cle>ly ! rec5t innovation ( eat+ "s k9ds ( fi% ) knife & =k proves ! =k-&-bread practice to h _h little b caprice = its basis1 yet he d>es n :olly ignore t practice :ile fa%ion p>tially ma9ta9s x4 ,?\gh he ?9ks t a silk h&k]*ief is q z appropriate = draw+-room use z a :ite cambric "o1 he is n altoge!r at ease 9 act+ out 8 op9ion4 ,!n1 too1 be beg9s to p]ceive t 8 resi/ance to prescription br+s r\nd disadvantage\s results :i* he _h n calculat$ ^u4 ,he _h expect$ t x w\ld save him f a great deal ( social int]c\rse ( a frivol\s k9d--t x w\ld (f5d ! fools1 b n ! s5sible p2 & s w\ld s]ve z a self-act+ te/ by :i* ^? wor? kn[+ w\ld be sep>at$ f ^? n wor? kn[+4 ,b ! fools prove to be s greatly 9 ! majority t1 by (f5d+ !m1 he closes aga9/ himself ne>ly all ! av5ues ?r\gh :i* ! s5sible p are to be rea*$4 ,?us he f9ds t 8 noncon=mity is frequ5tly mis9t]pret$2 t !re are b few directions 9 :i* he d>es to c>ry x consi/5tly out2 t ! annoyances & disadvantages :i* x br+s ^u him are great] ?an he anticipat$2 & t ! *ances ( 8 do+ any good are v remote4 ,h5ce he gradually loses resolution1 & lapses1 /ep by /ep1 into ! ord9>y r\t9e ( obs]vances4 ,abortive z individual prote/s ?us g5]ally turn out1 x may possibly be t no?+ effectual w be done until !re arises "s organis$ resi/ance to ?is invisible despotism1 by :i* our modes & habits are dictat$4 ,x may happ51 t ! gov]nm5t ( ,mann]s & ,fa%ion w be r5d]$ less tyrannical1 z ! political & religi\s gov]nm5ts h be51 by "s antagoni/ic union4 ,alike 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 m5's fir/ emancipations f excess ( re/riction 7 a*iev$ by numb]s1 b\nd toge!r by a common cre$1 or a common political fai?4 ,:at rema9$ undone :ile !re 7 b individual s*ismatics or rebels1 0 effect$ :5 !re came to be _m act+ 9 conc]t4 ,x is tol]ably cle> t ^! e>lie/ in/alm5ts ( fre$om c\ld n h be5 obta9$ 9 any o!r way2 = s long z ! feel+ ( p]sonal indep5d5ce 0 weak & ! rule /rong1 !re c\ld nev] h be5 a suffici5t numb] ( sep>ate diss5ti5ts to produce ! desir$ results4 ,only 9 ^! lat] times1 dur+ :i* ! secul> & spiritual controls h be5 gr[+ less co]cive1 & ! t5d5cy t[>ds individual lib]ty great]1 has x become possible = small] & small] sects & p>ties to fight aga9/ e/abli%$ cre$s & laws2 until n[ m5 may safely /& ev5 alone 9 _! antagonism4 ,! failure ( individual noncon=mity to cu/oms1 z above illu/rat$1 sugge/s t an analog\s s]ies ( *anges may h to be gone ?r\gh 9 ?is case also4 ,x is true t ! lex non scripta diff]s f ! lex scripta 9 ?is1 t1 be+ unwritt51 x is m readily alt]$2 & t x has1 f "t to "t1 be5 quietly ameliorat$4 ,nev]!less1 we %all f9d t ! analogy holds sub/antially good4 ,= 9 ?is case1 z 9 ! o!rs1 ! ess5tial revolution is n ! sub/itut+ ( any "o set ( re/ra9ts = any o!r1 b ! limit+ or aboli%+ ! au?ority :i* prescribes re/ra9ts4 ,j z ! fundam5tal *ange inaugurat$ by ! ,re=mation1 0 n a sup]s$+ ( "o cre$ by ano!r1 b an ignor+ ( ! arbit] :o be=e dictat$ cre$s--j z ! fundam5tal *ange :i* ,democracy long ago comm5c$1 0 n f ?is p>ticul> law to t1 b f ! despotism ( "o to ! fre$om ( all2 s1 ! p>allel *ange yet to be wr\ght out 9 ?is supplem5t>y gov]nm5t ( :i* we are treat+1 is n ! replac+ ( absurd usages by s5sible ones1 b ! de?ronem5t ( t secret1 irresponsible p[] :i* n[ imposes our usages1 & ! ass]tion ( ! "r ( all individuals to *oose _! own usages4 ,9 rules ( liv+1 a ,we/-end clique is our ,pope2 & we are all papi/s1 ) b a m]e spr9kl+ ( h]etics4 ,on all :o decisively rebel1 comes d[n ! p5alty ( excommunication1 ) its long catalogue ( disagreeable &1 inde$1 s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,! lib]ty ( ! subject ass]t$ 9 our con/itution1 & ev] on ! increase1 has yet to be wre/$ f ?is subtl] tyranny4 ,! "r ( private judgm5t1 :i* our ance/ors wrung f ! *ur*1 rema9s to be claim$ f ?is dictator ( our habits4 ,or1 z be=e said1 to free u f ^! idolatries & sup]/iti\s con=mities1 !re has /ill to come a prote/antism 9 social usages4 ,p>allel1 !re=e1 z is ! *ange to be wr\ght out1 x seems n improbable t x may be wr\ght out 9 an analog\s way4 ,t influ5ce :i* solit>y diss5ti5ts fail to ga91 & t p]sev]ance :i* !y lack1 may come into exi/5ce :5 !y unite4 ,t p]secution :i* ! _w n[ visits ^u !m f mi/ak+ _! noncon=mity = ignorance or disrespect1 may dim9i% :5 x is se5 to result f pr9ciple4 ,! p5alty :i* exclusion n[ entails may disappe> :5 !y become num]\s en\gh to =m visit+ circles ( _! own4 ,& :5 a successful /& has be5 made1 & ! brunt ( ! opposition has pass$1 t l>ge am\nt ( secret dislike to our obs]vances :i* n[ p]vades society1 may manife/ itself ) suffici5t p[] to effect ! desir$ emancipation4 ,:e!r su* w be ! process1 "t alone c decide4 ,t community ( orig91 gr[?1 supremacy1 & decad5ce :i* we h f\nd among all k9ds ( gov]nm5t1 sugge/s a community 9 modes ( *ange also4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,nature (t5 p]=ms sub/antially simil> op]ations1 9 ways app>5tly diff]5t4 ,h5ce ^! details c nev] be =etold4 ,society1 9 all its developm5ts1 und]goes ! process ( exuviation4 ,^! old =ms :i* x successively ?r[s (f1 h all be5 once vitally unit$ ) x--h sev]ally s]v$ z ! protective envelopes )9 :i* a high] humanity 0 be+ evolv$4 ,!y are ca/ aside only :5 !y become h9drances--only :5 "s inn] & bett] envelope has be5 =m$2 & !y bequea? to u all t !re 0 9 !m ( good4 ,! p]iodical abolitions ( tyrannical laws h left ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice n only un9jur$1 b purifi$4 ,dead & buri$ cre$s h n c>ri$ ) !m ! ess5tial morality !y conta9$1 :i* /ill exi/s1 uncontam9at$ by ! sl\ghs ( sup]/ition4 ,& all t !re is ( ju/ice & k9dness & beauty1 embodi$ 9 our cumbr\s =ms ( etiquette1 w live p]5nially :5 ! =ms !mselves h be5 =gott54 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #cg3 ,f ,illu/rations ( ,univ]sal ,progress1 #ahfd4 ,,talk ,,& ,,talk]s#ch ,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son ,sir1 we _h a good talk4--,,johnson4 ,z we mu/ acc\nt = e idle ^w1 s we mu/ = e idle sil5ce4--,,frankl94 ,!re c be no fair] ambition ?an to excel 9 talk2 to be affable1 gay1 ready1 cle> & welcome2 to h a fact1 a ?\ght1 or an illu/ration1 pat to e subject2 & n only to *e] ! flight ( "t among our intimates1 b be> our "p 9 t great int]national congress1 always sitt+1 :]e public wrongs are fir/ decl>$1 public errors fir/ correct$1 & ! c\rse ( public op9ion %ap$1 day by day1 a little ne>] to ! "r4 ,no measure comes be=e ,p>liam5t b x has be5 long ago prep>$ by ! gr& jury ( ! talk]s2 no book is writt5 t has n be5 l>gely compos$ by _! assi/ance4 ,lit]ature 9 _m ( its bran*es is no o!r ?an ! %ad[ ( good talk2 b ! imitation falls f> %ort ( ! orig9al 9 life1 fre$om1 & effect4 ,!re are always two to a talk1 giv+ & tak+1 comp>+ exp]i5ce & accord+ conclusions4 ,talk is fluid1 t5tative1 cont9ually 9 fur!r se>* & progress2 :ile writt5 words rema9 fix$1 become idols ev5 to ! writ]1 f\nd wood5 dogmatisms1 & pres]ve flies ( obvi\s error 9 ! amb] ( ! tru?4 ,la/ & *ief1 :ile lit]ature1 gagg$ ) l9sey-woolsey1 c only deal ) a fraction ( ! life ( man1 talk goes fancy free & may call a spade a spade4 ,x _c1 ev5 if x w\ld1 become m]ely ae/hetic or m]ely classical l lit]ature4 ,a je/ int]v5es1 ! solemn humbug is dissolv$ 9 laught]1 & spee* runs =? out ( ! contempor>y groove into ! op5 fields ( nature1 *e]y & *e]+1 l s*oolboys out ( s*ool4 ,& x is 9 talk alone t we c le>n our p]iod & ourselves4 ,9 %ort1 ! fir/ duty ( a man is to speak2 t is 8 *ief bus9ess 9 ?is _w2 & talk1 :i* is ! h>moni\s spee* ( two or m1 is by f> ! mo/ accessible ( pleasures4 ,x co/s no?+ 9 money2 x is all pr(it2 x completes our education1 f\nds & fo/]s our fri5d%ips1 & c be enjoy$ at any age & 9 almo/ any /ate ( heal?4 ,! spice ( life is battle2 ! fri5dlie/ relations are /ill a k9d ( conte/2 & if we w\ld n =ego all t is valuable 9 our lot1 we mu/ cont9ually face "s o!r p]son1 eye to eye1 & wre/le a fall :e!r 9 love or enmity4 ,x is /ill by =ce ( body1 or p[] ( "* or intellect1 t we atta9 to wor?y pleasures4 ,m5 & wom5 cont5d = ea* o!r 9 ! li/s ( love1 l rival mesm]i/s2 ! active & adroit decide _! *all5ges 9 ! sports ( ! body2 & ! s$5t>y sit d[n to *ess or conv]sation4 ,all sluggi% & pacific pleasures are1 to ! same degree1 solit>y & selfi%2 & e durable bond betwe5 human be+s is f\nd$ 9 or height5$ by "s elem5t ( competition4 ,n[1 ! relation t has ! lea/ root 9 matt] is und\bt$ly t airy "o ( fri5d%ip2 & h5ce1 ,i suppose1 x is t good talk mo/ commonly arises among fri5ds4 ,talk is1 inde$1 bo? ! sc5e & in/rum5t ( fri5d%ip4 ,x is 9 talk alone t ! fri5ds c measure /r5g?1 & enjoy t amicable c\nt]-ass]tion ( p]sonality :i* is ! gauge ( relations & ! sport ( life4 ,a good talk is n to be _h = ! ask+4 ,hum\rs mu/ fir/ be accord$ 9 a k9d ( ov]ture or prologue2 h\r1 company & circum/ance be suit$2 & !n1 at a fit juncture1 ! subject1 ! qu>ry ( two heat$ m9ds1 spr+s up l a de] out ( ! wood4 ,n t ! talk] has any ( ! hunt]'s pride1 ?\gh he has all & m ?an all 8 ard\r4 ,! g5u9e arti/ foll[s ! /ream ( conv]sation z an angl] foll[s ! w9d+s ( a brook1 n dally+ :]e he fails to kill4 ,he tru/s implicitly to haz>d2 & he is rew>d$ by cont9ual v>iety1 cont9ual pleasure1 & ^? *ang+ prospects ( ! tru? t are ! be/ ( education4 ,!re is no?+ 9 a subject1 s call$1 t we %\ld reg>d x z an idol1 or foll[ x beyond ! prompt+s ( desire4 ,inde$1 !re are few subjects2 & s f> z !y are truly talkable1 m ?an ! half ( !m may be r$uc$ to ?ree3 t ,i am ,i1 t y are y1 & t !re are o!r p dimly und]/ood to be n q ! same z ei!r4 ,:]ev] talk may range1 x /ill runs half ! "t on ^! et]nal l9es4 ,! !me be+ set1 ea* plays on himself z on an in/rum5t2 ass]ts & ju/ifies himself2 ransacks 8 bra9 = in/ances & op9ions1 & br+s !m =? new-m9t$1 to 8 own surprise & ! admiration ( 8 adv]s>y4 ,all natural talk is a fe/ival ( o/5tation2 & by ! laws ( ! game ea* accepts & fans ! vanity ( ! o!r4 ,x is f t reason t we v5ture to lay ourselves s op51 t we d>e to be s w>mly eloqu5t1 & t we swell 9 ea* o!r's eyes to su* a va/ proportion4 ,= talk]s1 once laun*$1 beg9 to ov]fl[ ! limits ( _! ord9>y selves1 t[] up to ! height ( _! secret pret5sions1 & give !mselves out = ! h]oes1 brave1 pi\s1 musical1 & wise1 t 9 _! mo/ %9+ mom5ts !y aspire to be4 ,s !y weave = !mselves ) words & = a :ile inhabit a palace ( delights1 temple at once & !atre1 :]e !y fill ! r\nd ( ! _w's dignities1 & fea/ ) ! gods1 exult+ 9 ,kudos4#ci ,& :5 ! talk is ov]1 ea* goes 8 way1 /ill flu%$ ) vanity & admiration1 /ill trail+ cl\ds ( glory2 ea* decl9es f ! height ( 8 ideal orgy1 n 9 a mom5t1 b by sl[ decl5sion4 ,i rememb]1 9 ! entr'acte ( an aft]noon p]=mance1 com+ =? into ! sun%9e1 9 a beautiful gre51 g>d5$ corn] ( a romantic city2 & z ,i sat & smok$1 ! music mov+ 9 my blood1 ,i seem$ to sit !re & evaporate ,! ,fly+ ,dut*man 7= x 0 t ,i _h be5 he>+7 ) a wond]ful s5se ( life1 w>m?1 well-be+1 & pride2 & ! noises ( ! city1 voices1 bells & m>*+ feet1 fell toge!r 9 my e>s l a symphoni\s or*e/ra4 ,9 ! same way1 ! excitem5t ( a good talk lives = a long :ile aft] 9 ! blood1 ! he>t /ill hot )9 y1 ! bra9 /ill simm]+1 & ! physical e>? swimm+ ar\nd y ) ! col\rs ( ! sunset4 ,natural talk1 l pl\gh+1 %\ld turn up a l>ge surface ( life1 r ?an dig m9es into geological /rata4 ,masses ( exp]i5ce1 anecdote1 incid5t1 cross-lights1 quotation1 hi/orical in/ances1 ! :ole flotsam & jetsam ( two m9ds =c$ 9 & 9 ^u ! matt] 9 h& f e po9t ( ! compass1 & f e degree ( m5tal elevation & abasem5t--^! are ! mat]ial ) :i* talk is =tifi$1 ! food on :i* ! talk]s ?rive4 ,su* argum5t z is prop] to ! ex]cise %\ld /ill be brief & seiz+4 ,talk %\ld proce$ by in/ances2 by ! apposite1 n ! expository4 ,x %\ld keep close along ! l9es ( humanity1 ne> ! bosoms & bus9esses ( m51 at ! level :]e hi/ory1 fiction & exp]i5ce int]sect & illum9ate ea* o!r4 ,i am ,i1 & ,y are ,y1 ) all my he>t2 b conceive h[ ^! lean propositions *ange & bright5 :51 in/ead ( words1 ! actual y & ,i sit *eek by j[l1 ! _s h\s$ 9 ! live body1 & ! v clo!s utt]+ voices to corroborate ! /ory 9 ! face4 ,n less surpris+ is ! *ange :5 we leave (f to speak ( g5]alities--! bad1 ! good1 ! mis]1 & all ! *>act]s ( ,!ophra/us--& call up o!r m51 by anecdote or in/ance1 9 _! v trick & feature2 or trad+ on a common k1 toss ea* o!r fam\s names1 /ill gl[+ ) ! hues ( life4 ,communication is no long] by words1 b by ! in/anc+ ( :ole biographies1 epics1 sy/ems ( philosophy1 & epo*s ( hi/ory1 9 bulk4 ,t :i* is und]/ood excels t :i* is spok5 9 quantity & quality alike2 ideas ?us figur$ & p]sonifi$1 *ange h&s1 z we may say1 l co92 & ! speak]s imply )\t ef=t ! mo/ obscure & intricate ?\ghts4 ,/rang]s :o h a l>ge common gr\nd ( read+ w1 = ?is reason1 come ! soon] to ! grapple ( g5u9e conv]se4 ,if !y "k ,o!llo & ,napoleon1 ,consuelo & ,cl>issa ,h>l[e1 ,vautr9 & ,/e5ie ,/e5son1 !y c leave g5]alities & beg9 at once to speak by figures4 ,conduct & art are ! two subjects t arise mo/ frequ5tly & t embrace ! wide/ range ( facts4 ,a few pleasures be> discussion = _! own sake1 b only ^? :i* are mo/ social or mo/ radically human2 & ev5 ^! c only be discuss$ among _! devotees4 ,a te*nicality is always welcome to ! exp]t1 :e!r 9 a?letics1 art1 or law2 ,i h he>d ! be/ k9d ( talk on te*nicalities f su* r>e & happy p]sons z bo? "k & love _! bus9ess4 ,no human be+ ev] spoke ( sc5]y = above two m9utes at a "t1 :i* makes me suspect we he> too mu* ( x 9 lit]ature4 ,! wea!r is reg>d$ z ! v nadir & sc(f ( conv]sational topics4 ,& yet ! wea!r1 ! dramatic elem5t 9 sc5]y1 is f> m tractable 9 language1 & f> m human bo? 9 import & sugge/ion ?an ! /able features ( ! l&scape4 ,sailors & %eph]ds1 & ! p g5]ally ( coa/ & m\nta91 talk well ( x2 & x is (t5 excit+ly pres5t$ 9 lit]ature4 ,b ! t5d5cy ( all liv+ talk draws x back & back into ! common focus ( humanity4 ,talk is a creature ( ! /reet & m>ket-place1 fe$+ on gossip2 & its la/ resort is /ill 9 a discussion on morals4 ,t is ! h]oic =m ( gossip2 h]oic 9 virtue ( its high pret5sions2 b /ill gossip1 because x turns on p]sonalities4 ,y c keep no m5 long1 nor ,scot*m5 at all1 (f moral or !ological discussion4 ,^! are to all ! _w :at law is to lawy]s2 !y are ev]ybody's te*nicalities2 ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* all consid] life1 & ! dialect 9 :i* !y express _! judgm5ts4 ,i knew ?ree "y m5 :o walk$ toge!r daily = "s two mon?s 9 a solemn & beautiful =e/ & 9 cl\dless summ] wea!r2 daily !y talk$ ) unabat$ ze/1 & yet sc>ce w&]$ t :ole "t beyond two subjects--!ology & love4 ,& p]haps nei!r a c\rt ( love#dj nor an assembly ( div9es w\ld h grant$ _! premises or welcom$ _! conclusions4 ,conclusions1 inde$1 are n (t5 rea*$ by talk any m ?an by private ?9k+4 ,t is n ! pr(it4 ,! pr(it is 9 ! ex]cise1 & above all 9 ! exp]i5ce2 = :5 we reason at l>ge on any subject1 we review our /ate & hi/ory 9 life4 ,f "t to "t1 h[ev]1 & specially1 ,i ?9k1 9 talk+ art1 talk becomes effective1 conqu]+ l w>1 wid5+ ! b\nd>ies ( k l an exploration4 ,a po9t arises2 ! "q takes a problematical1 a baffl+1 yet a likely air2 ! talk]s beg9 to feel lively pres5tim5ts ( "s conclusion ne> at h&2 t[>ds ?is !y /rive ) emul\s ard\r1 ea* by 8 own pa?1 & /ruggl+ = fir/ utt]ance2 & !n "o leaps ^u ! summit ( t matt] ) a %\t1 & almo/ at ! same mom5t ! o!r is beside him2 & behold !y are agre$4 ,l en\gh1 ! progress is illusory1 a m]e cat's cradle hav+ be5 w\nd & unw\nd out ( words4 ,b ! s5se ( jo9t discov]y is none ! less giddy & inspirit+4 ,& 9 ! life ( ! talk] su* triumphs1 ?\gh imag9>y1 are nei!r few nor f> ap>t2 !y are atta9$ ) spe$ & pleasure1 9 ! h\r ( mir?2 & by ! nature ( ! process1 !y are always wor?ily %>$4 ,!re is a c]ta9 attitude combative at once & def]5tial1 eag] to fight yet mo/ av]se to qu>rel1 :i* m>ks out at once ! talkable man4 ,x is n eloqu5ce1 n fairness1 n ob/9acy1 b a c]ta9 proportion ( all ( ^! t ,i love to enc\nt] 9 my amicable adv]s>ies4 ,!y mu/ n be pontiffs hold+ doctr9e1 b huntsm5 que/+ aft] elem5ts ( tru?4 ,nei!r mu/ !y be boys to be in/ruct$1 b fell[-tea*]s ) :om ,i may wrangle & agree on equal t]ms4 ,we mu/ rea* "s solution1 "s %ad[ ( cons5t2 = )\t t1 eag] talk becomes a torture4 ,b we d n wi% to rea* x *eaply1 or quickly1 or )\t ! tussle & ef=t ,:]e9 pleasure lies4 ,! v be/ talk]1 ) me1 is "o :om ,i %all call ,spr+-,heel'd ,jack4 ,i say s1 because ,i nev] knew any "o :o m+l$ s l>gely ! possible +r$i5ts ( conv]se4 ,9 ! ,spani% prov]b1 ! f\r? man necess>y to comp\nd a salad1 is a madman to mix x3 ,jack is t madman4 ,i "k n :i* is m rem>kable3 ! insane lucidity ( 8 conclusions1 ! humor\s eloqu5ce ( 8 language1 or 8 p[] ( me?od1 br++ ! :ole ( life into ! focus ( ! subject treat$1 mix+ ! conv]sational salad l a drunk5 god4 ,he d\bles l ! s]p5t1 *anges & fla%es l ! %ak5 kaleidoscope1 transmigrates bodily into ! views ( o!rs1 & s1 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye & ) a heady rapture1 turns que/ions inside out & fl+s !m empty be=e y on ! gr\nd1 l a triumphant conjuror4 ,x is my common practice :5 a piece ( conduct puzzles me1 to attack x 9 ! pres5ce ( ,jack ) su* grossness1 su* p>tiality & su* we>+ it]ation1 z at l5g? %all spur him up 9 its def5ce4 ,9 a mom5t he transmigrates1 dons ! requir$ "*1 & ) moon/ruck philosophy ju/ifies ! act 9 "q4 ,i c fancy no?+ to comp>e ) ! vim ( ^! imp]sonations1 ! /range scale ( language1 fly+ f ,%akespe>e to ,kant1 & f ,kant to ,major ,dyngwell-- ,z fa/ z a musician scatt]s s\nds ,out ( an in/rum5t-- ! sudd51 sweep+ g5]alisations1 ! absurd irrelevant p>ticul>ities1 ! wit1 wisdom1 folly1 hum\r1 eloqu5ce & ba?os1 ea* />tl+ 9 its k9d1 & yet all lum9\s 9 ! admir$ disord] ( _! comb9ation4 ,a talk] ( a diff]5t calibre1 ?\gh belong+ to ! same s*ool1 is ,burly4 ,burly is a man ( great pres5ce2 he comm&s a l>g] atmosph]e1 gives ! impression ( a gross] mass ( "* ?an mo/ m54 ,x has be5 said ( him t 8 pres5ce c\ld be felt 9 a room y ent]$ bl9dfold2 & ! same1 ,i ?9k1 has be5 said ( o!r p[]ful con/itutions condemn$ to mu* physical inaction4 ,!re is some?+ boi/]\s & piratic 9 ,burly's mann] ( talk :i* suits well en\gh ) ?is impression4 ,he w ro> y d[n1 he w bury 8 face 9 8 h&s1 he w und]go passions ( revolt & agony2 & mean:ile 8 attitude ( m9d is really bo? conciliatory & receptive2 & aft] ,pi/ol has be5 out-,pi/ol'd1 & ! welk9 rung = h\rs1 y beg9 to p]ceive a c]ta9 subsid5ce 9 ^! spr+ torr5ts1 po9ts ( agreem5t issue1 & y end arm-9-arm1 & 9 a gl[ ( mutual admiration4 ,! outcry only s]ves to make y\r f9al union ! m unexpect$ & preci\s4 ,?r\gh\t !re has be5 p]fect s9c]ity1 p]fect intellig5ce1 a desire to he> al?\gh n always to li/51 & an unaffect$ eag]ness to meet concessions4 ,y h1 ) ,burly1 none ( ! dang]s t att5d debate ) ,spr+-,heel'd ,jack2 :o may at any mom5t turn 8 p[]s ( transmigration on y\rself1 create = y a view y nev] held1 & !n furi\sly fall on y = hold+ x4 ,^!1 at lea/1 are my two fav\rites1 & bo? are l\d1 copi\s1 intol]ant talk]s4 ,?is argues t ,i myself am 9 ! same category2 = if we love talk+ at all1 we love a bright1 fi]ce adv]s>y1 :o w hold 8 gr\nd1 foot by foot1 9 mu* our own mann]1 sell 8 att5tion de>ly1 & give u our full measure ( ! du/ & ex]tion ( battle4 ,bo? ^! m5 c be beat f a position1 b x takes six h\rs to d x2 a high & h>d adv5ture1 wor? attempt+4 ,) bo? y c pass days 9 an en*ant$ c\ntry ( ! m9d1 ) p1 sc5]y & mann]s ( its own2 live a life ap>t1 m ardu\s1 active & gl[+ ?an any real exi/5ce2 & come =? aga9 :5 ! talk is ov]1 z out ( a !atre or a dream1 to f9d ! ea/ w9d /ill bl[+ & ! *imney-pots ( ! old batt]$ city /ill ar\nd y4 ,jack has ! f> f9] m9d1 ,burly ! f> m hone/2 ,jack gives u ! animat$ poetry1 ,burly ! romantic prose1 ( simil> !mes2 ! "o glances high l a meteor & makes a light 9 d>kness2 ! o!r1 ) _m *ang+ hues ( fire1 burns at ! sea-level1 l a conflagration2 b bo? h ! same hum\r & arti/ic int]e/s1 ! same unqu5*$ ard\r 9 pursuit1 ! same gu/s ( talk & ?und]claps ( contradiction4 ,cock%ot#da is a diff]5t article1 b va/ly ent]ta9+1 & has be5 meat & dr9k to me = _m a long ev5+4 ,8 mann] is dry1 brisk & p]t9aci\s1 & ! *oice ( words n mu*4 ,! po9t ab\t him is 8 extraord9>y read9ess & _s4 ,y c prop\nd no?+ b he has ei!r a !ory ab\t x ready-made1 or w h "o in/antly on ! /ocks1 & proce$ to lay its timb]s & laun* x 9 y\r pres5ce4 ,let me see1 he w say4 ,give me a mom5t4 ,i %\ld h "s !ory = t4 ,a bli!r spectacle ?an ! vig\r ) :i* he sets ab\t ! task1 x 7 h>d to fancy4 ,he is possess$ by a demoniac en]gy1 weld+ ! elem5ts = 8 life1 & b5d+ ideas1 z an a?lete b5ds a horse%oe1 ) a visible & lively ef=t4 ,he has1 9 !oris+1 a compass1 an art2 :at ,i w\ld call ! syn!tic gu/o2 some?+ ( a ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 :o %\ld see ! fun ( ! ?+4 ,y are n b\nd1 & no m is he1 to place y\r fai? 9 ^! br&-new op9ions4 ,b "s ( !m are "r en\gh1 durable ev5 = life2 & ! poore/ s]ve = a cock-%y--z :5 idle p1 aft] picnics1 float a bottle on a pond & h an h\r's div]sion ere1 x s9ks4 ,:i*ev] !y are1 s]i\s op9ions or hum\rs ( ! mom5t1 he /ill def5ds 8 v5tures ) indefatigable wit & _s1 hitt+ savagely himself1 b tak+ puni%m5t l a man4 ,he kn[s & nev] =gets t p talk1 fir/ ( all1 = ! sake ( talk+2 conducts himself 9 ! r+1 to use ! old slang1 l a ?or\gh glutton1 & hone/ly enjoys a tell+ fac] f 8 adv]s>y4 ,cock%ot is bottl$ eff]vesc5cy1 ! sworn foe ( sleep4 ,?ree-9-!-morn+ ,cock%ot1 says a victim4 ,8 talk is l ! drie/ ( all imag9able dry *ampagnes4 ,sleight ( h& & inimitable quickness are ! qualities by :i* he lives4 ,a!lr$1 on ! o!r h&1 pres5ts y ) ! spectacle ( a s9c]e & some:at sl[ nature ?9k+ al\d4 ,he is ! mo/ unready man ,i ev] knew to %9e 9 conv]sation4 ,y may see him sometimes wre/le ) a refractory je/ = a m9ute or two toge!r1 & p]haps fail to ?r[ x 9 ! end4 ,& !re is some?+ s+ul>ly engag+1 (t5 in/ructive1 9 ! simplicity ) :i* he ?us exposes ! process z well z ! result1 ! works z well z ! dial ( ! clock4 ,)al he has 8 h\rs ( inspiration4 ,apt words come to him z if by accid5t1 &1 com+ f deep] d[n1 !y smack ! m p]sonally1 !y h ! m ( f9e old cru/$ humanity1 ri* 9 s$im5t & hum\r4 ,!re are say+s ( 8 9 :i* he has /amp$ himself into ! v gra9 ( ! language2 y w\ld ?9k he mu/ h worn ! words next 8 sk9 & slept ) !m4 ,yet x is n z a say] ( p>ticul> good ?+s t ,a!lr$ is mo/ to be reg>d$1 r z ! /alw>t woodman ( ?\ght4 ,i h pull$ on a light cord (t5 en\gh1 :ile he has be5 wield+ ! broad-axe2 & betwe5 u1 on ?is unequal1 division1 _m a speci\s fallacy has fall54 ,i h kn[n him to battle ! same "q night aft] night = ye>s1 keep+ x 9 ! reign ( talk1 con/antly apply+ x & re-apply+ x to life ) humor\s or grave int5tion1 & all ! :ile1 nev] hurry+1 nor flagg+1 nor tak+ an unfair advantage ( ! facts4 ,jack at a giv5 mom5t1 :5 aris+1 z x 71 f ! tripod1 c be m radiantly j to ^? f :om he diff]s2 b !n ! t5or ( 8 ?\ghts is ev5 calumni\s2 :ile ,a!lr$1 sl[] to =ge excuses1 is yet sl[] to condemn1 & sits ov] ! welt] ( ! _w1 vacillat+ b /ill judicial1 & /ill fai?fully cont5d+ ) 8 d\bts4 ,bo? ! la/ talk]s deal mu* 9 po9ts ( conduct & religion /udi$ 9 ! dry light ( prose4 ,indirectly & z if aga9/ 8 w ! same elem5ts f "t to "t appe> 9 ! tr\bl$ & poetic talk ( ,opal/e94 ,8 v>i\s & exotic k1 complete al?\gh unready sympa?ies1 & f9e1 full1 discrim9ative fl[ ( language1 fit him out to be ! be/ ( talk]s2 s p]haps he is ) "s1 n q ) me--proxime accessit1#db ,i %\ld say4 ,he s+s ! praises ( ! e>? & ! arts1 fl[]s & jewels1 w9e & music1 9 a moonlight1 s]5ad+ mann]1 z to ! light guit>2 ev5 wisdom comes f 8 tongue l s++2 no "o is1 inde$1 m tuneful 9 ! upp] notes4 ,b ev5 :ile he s+s ! song ( ! ,sir5s1 he /ill he>k5s to ! b>k+ ( ! ,sph9x4 ,j>r+ ,byronic notes int]rupt ! fl[ ( 8 ,horatian hum\rs4 ,8 mir? has some?+ ( ! trag$y ( ! _w = its p]petual backgr\nd2 & he fea/s l ,don ,giovanni to a d\ble or*e/ra1 "o lightly s\nd+ = ! dance1 "o peal+ ,bee?ov5 9 ! di/ance4 ,he is n truly reconcil$ ei!r ) life or ) himself2 & ?is in/ant w> 9 8 memb]s sometimes divides ! man's att5tion4 ,he does n always1 p]haps n (t51 frankly surr5d] himself 9 conv]sation4 ,he br+s into ! talk o!r ?\ghts ?an ^? :i* he expresses2 y are consci\s t he keeps an eye on some?+ else1 t he does n %ake (f ! _w1 nor q =get himself4 ,h5ce arise occasional disappo9tm5ts2 ev5 an occasional unfairness = 8 companions1 :o f9d !mselves "o day giv+ too mu*1 & ! next1 :5 !y are w>y out ( season1 giv+ p]haps too little4 ,purcel is 9 ano!r class f any ,i h m5tion$4 ,he is no debat]1 b appe>s 9 conv]sation1 z occasion rises1 9 two di/9ct *>act]s1 "o ( :i* ,i admire & fe>1 & ! o!r love4 ,9 ! fir/1 he is radiantly civil & r sil5t1 sits on a high1 c\rtly hilltop1 & f t vantage-gr\nd drops y 8 rem>ks l fav\rs4 ,he seems n to %>e 9 our sublun>y cont5tions2 he we>s no sign ( int]e/2 :5 on a sudd5 !re falls 9 a cry/al ( wit1 s poli%$ t ! dull d n p]ceive x1 b s "r t ! s5sitive are sil5c$4 ,true talk %\ld h m body & blood1 %\ld be l\d]1 va9] & m decl>atory ( ! man2 ! true talk] %\ld n hold s /eady an advantage ov] :om he speaks )2 & t is "o reason out ( a score :y ,i pref] my ,purcel 9 8 second "*1 :5 he unb5ds into a /ra9 ( graceful gossip1 s++ l ! fireside kettle4 ,9 ^! moods he has an elegant homel9ess t r+s ( ! true ,que5 ,anne4 ,i "k ano!r p]son :o atta9s1 9 8 mom5ts1 to ! insol5ce ( a ,re/oration com$y1 speak+1 ,i decl>e1 z ,congreve wrote2 b t is a sport ( nature1 & sc>ce falls "u ! rubric1 = !re is none1 alas6 to give him answ]4 ,"o la/ rem>k occurs3 ,x is ! m>k ( g5u9e conv]sation t ! say+s c sc>ce be quot$ ) _! full effect beyond ! circle ( common fri5ds4 ,to h _! prop] weight !y1 %\ld appe> 9 a biography1 & ) ! portrait ( ! speak]4 ,good talk is dramatic2 x is l an impromptu piece ( act+ :]e ea* %\ld repres5t himself to ! greate/ advantage2 & t is ! be/ k9d ( talk :]e ea* speak] is mo/ fully & c&idly himself1 & :]e1 if y 7 to %ift ! spee*es1 r\nd f "o to ano!r1 !re w\ld be ! greate/ loss 9 significance & p]spicuity4 ,x is = ?is reason t talk dep5ds s :olly on our company4 ,we %\ld l to introduce ,fal/aff & ,m]cutio1 or ,fal/aff & ,sir ,toby2 b ,fal/aff 9 talk ) ,cordelia seems ev5 pa9ful4 ,mo/ ( u1 by ! ,protean quality ( man1 c talk to "s degree ) all2 b ! true talk1 t /rikes out all ! slumb]+ be/ ( u1 comes only ) ! peculi> bre?r5 ( our spirits1 is f\nd$ z deep z love 9 ! con/itution ( our be+1 & is a ?+ to reli% ) all our en]gy1 :ile yet we h x1 & to be grateful = =ev]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ch3 ,! fir/ ( two pap]s on ?is subject writt5 9 #ahha-b2 repr9t$ "h1 by p]mission ( ! publi%]s1 f ,memories & ,portraits 9 ! ,biographical ,edition ( ,/ev5son's ,works1 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 #aijg4 ,footnote #ci3 ,kudos 7,greek73 glory4 ,footnote #dj3 ,c\rt ( love3 a m$iaeval in/itution = ! discussion ( que/ions ( *ivalry4 ,footnote #da3 ,! ,late ,fleem+ ,j5k9--,au?or's note4 ,footnote #db3 ,proxime accessit3 he comes v close to x4 ,,! ,,social ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,college-,,br$#dc ,,william ,,james ,( :at use is a college tra9+8 ,we :o h _h x seldom he> ! "q rais$--we might be a little nonpluss$ to answ] x (fh&4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( m$itation has br\ght me to ?is z ! pi?ie/ reply :i* ,i myself c give3 ,! be/ claim t a college education c possibly make on y\r respect1 ! be/ ?+ x c aspire to accompli% = y1 is ?is3 t x %\ld help y to "k a good man :5 y see him4 ,?is is z true ( wom5's z ( m5's colleges2 b t x is nei!r a joke nor a "o-sid$ ab/raction ,i %all n[ endeavor to %[4 ,:at talk d we commonly he> ab\t ! contra/ betwe5 college education & ! education :i* bus9ess or te*nical or pr(essional s*ools conf]8 ,! college education is call$ high] because x is suppos$ to be s g5]al & s dis9t]e/$4 ,at ! s*ools y get a relatively n>r[ practical skill1 y are told1 :]eas ! colleges give y ! m lib]al culture1 ! broad] outlook1 ! hi/orical p]spective1 ! philosophic atmosph]e1 or some?+ :i* phrases ( t sort try to express4 ,y are made into an effici5t in/rum5t = do+ a def9ite ?+1 y he>1 at ! s*ools2 b1 ap>t f t1 y may rema9 a crude & smoky k9d ( petroleum1 incapable ( spread+ light4 ,! univ]sities & colleges1 on ! o!r h&1 al?\gh !y may leave y less effici5t = ?is or t practical task1 suffuse y\r :ole m5tality ) some?+ m important ?an skill4 ,!y r$eem y1 make y well-br$2 !y make good company ( y m5tally4 ,if !y f9d y ) a naturally boori% or caddi% m9d1 !y _c leave y s1 z a te*nical s*ool may leave y4 ,?is1 at lea/1 is pret5d$2 ?is is :at we he> among college-tra9$ p :5 !y comp>e _! education ) e o!r sort4 ,n[1 exactly h[ mu* does ?is signify8 ,x is c]ta91 to beg9 )1 t ! n>r[e/ trade or pr(essional tra9+ does some?+ m = a man ?an to make a skillful practical tool ( him--x makes him also a judge ( o!r m5's skill4 ,:e!r 8 trade be plead+ at ! b> or surg]y or pla/]+ or plumb+1 x develops a critical s5se 9 him = t sort ( occupation4 ,he und]/&s ! diff]5ce betwe5 second-rate & fir/-rate "w 9 8 :ole bran* ( indu/ry2 he gets to "k a good job 9 8 own l9e z soon z he sees x2 & gett+ to "k ?is 9 8 own l9e1 he gets a fa9t s5se ( :at good "w may mean anyh[1 t may1 if circum/ances favor1 spread into 8 judgm5ts else:]e4 ,s\nd "w1 clean "w1 f9i%$ "w2 feeble "w1 slack "w1 %am "w--^! words express an id5tical contra/ 9 _m diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( activity4 ,9 s f>1 !n1 ev5 ! humble/ manual trade may beget 9 "o a c]ta9 small degree ( p[] to judge ( good "w g5]ally4 ,n[1 :at is suppos$ to be ! l9e ( u :o h ! high] college tra9+8 ,is !re any broad] l9e--s9ce our education claims prim>ily n to be n>r[--9 :i* we also are made good judges betwe5 :at is fir/-rate & :at is second-rate only8 ,:at is especially taught 9 ! colleges has long be5 kn[n by ! "n ( ! humanities1 & ^! are (t5 id5tifi$ ) ,greek & ,lat94 ,b x is only z lit]atures1 n z languages1 t ,greek & ,lat9 h any g5]al humanity-value2 s t 9 a broad s5se ! humanities mean lit]ature prim>ily1 & 9 a /ill broad] s5se ! /udy ( ma/]pieces 9 almo/ any field ( human endeavor4 ,lit]ature keeps ! primacy2 = x n only consi/s ( ma/]pieces1 b is l>gely ab\t ma/]pieces1 be+ little m ?an an appreciative *ronicle ( human ma/]-/rokes1 s f> z x takes ! =m ( criticism & hi/ory4 ,y c give humani/ic value to almo/ any?+ by tea*+ x hi/orically4 ,geology1 economics1 me*anics1 are humanities :5 taught ) ref]5ce to ! successive a*ievem5ts ( ! g5iuses to :i* ^! sci5ces owe _! be+4 ,n taught ?us1 lit]ature rema9s gramm>1 art a catalogue1 hi/ory a li/ ( dates1 & natural sci5ce a %eet ( =mulas & weights & measures4 ,! sift+ ( human creations6--no?+ less ?an ?is is :at we ought to mean by ! humanities4 ,ess5tially ?is means biography2 :at our colleges %\ld tea* is1 !re=e1 biographical hi/ory1 n t ( politics m]ely1 b ( any?+ & ev]y?+ s f> z human ef=ts & conque/s are factors t h play$ _! "p4 ,/udy+ 9 ?is way1 we le>n :at type's ( activity h /ood ! te/ ( "t2 we acquire /&>ds ( ! excell5t3 & durable4 ,all our arts & sci5ces & in/itutions are b s _m que/s ( p]fection on ! "p ( m52 & :5 we see h[ div]se ! types ( excell5ce may be1 h[ v>i\s ! te/s1 h[ flexible ! adaptations1 we ga9 a ri*] s5se ( :at ! t]ms bett] & worse may signify 9 g5]al4 ,our critical s5sibilities gr[ bo? m acute & less fanatical4 ,we sympa?ize ) m5's mi/akes ev5 9 ! act ( p5etrat+ !m2 we feel ! pa?os ( lo/ causes & misguid$ epo*s ev5 :ile we applaud :at ov]came !m4 ,su* words are vague & su* ideas are inadequate1 b _! mean+ is unmi/akable4 ,:at ! colleges--tea*+ humanities by examples :i* may be special1 b :i* mu/ be typical & pregnant--%\ld at lea/ try to give u1 is a g5]al s5se ( :at1 "u v>i\s disguises1 sup]iority has always signifi$ & may /ill signify4 ,! feel+ = a good human job any:]e1 ! admiration ( ! really admirable1 ! dise/eem ( :at is *eap & tra%y & imp]man5t--?is is :at we call ! critical s5se1 ! s5se = ideal values4 ,x is ! bett] "p ( :at m5 "k z wisdom4 ,"s ( u are wise 9 ?is way naturally & by g5ius2 "s ( u nev] become s4 ,b to h sp5t "o's y\? at college1 9 contact ) ! *oice & r>e & preci\s1 & yet /ill to be a bl9d prig or vulg>ian1 unable to sc5t out human excell5ce or to div9e x amid its accid5ts1 to "k x only :5 ticket$ & label$ & =c$ on u by o!rs1 ?is inde$ %\ld be acc\nt$ ! v calamity & %ipwreck ( a high] education4 ,! s5se = human sup]iority ought1 !n1 to be consid]$ our l9e1 z bor+ subways is ! eng9e]'s l9e & ! surgeon's is app5dicitis4 ,our colleges ought to h lit up 9 u a la/+ reli% = ! bett] k9d ( man1 a loss ( appetite = m$iocrities1 & a disgu/ = *eap-jacks4 ,we ought to smell1 z x 71 ! diff]5ce ( quality 9 m5 & _! proposals :5 we ent] ! _w ( affairs ab\t u4 ,exp]tness 9 ?is might well atone = "s ( our awkw>dness at acc\nts1 = "s ( our ignorance ( dynamos4 ,! be/ claim we c make = ! high] education1 ! be/ s+le phrase 9 :i* we c tell :at x ought to d = u1 is1 !n1 exactly :at ,i said3 x %\ld enable u to "k a good man :5 we see him4 ,t ! phrase is any?+ b an empty epigram foll[s f ! fact t if y ask 9 :at l9e x is mo/ important t a democracy l ours %\ld h its sons & daught]s skillful1 y see t x is ?is l9e m ?an any o!r4 ,! p 9 _! wisdom--?is is ! k9d ( wisdom mo/ ne$$ by ! p4 ,democracy is on its trial1 & no "o kn[s h[ x w /& ! ordeal4 ,ab\nd+ ab\t u are pessimi/ic prophets4 ,fickl5ess & viol5ce us$ to be1 b are no long]1 ! vices :i* !y *>ge to democracy4 ,:at its critics n[ affirm is t its pref]5ces are invet]ately = ! inf]ior4 ,s x 0 9 ! beg9n+1 !y say1 & s x w be _w )\t end4 ,vulg>ity en?ron$ & in/itutionaliz$1 elb[+ ev]y?+ sup]ior f ! highway1 ?is1 !y tell u1 is our irrem$iable de/9y2 & ! picture pap]s ( ! ,european cont95t are already draw+ ,uncle ,sam ) ! hog in/ead ( ! eagle = 8 h]aldic emblem4 ,! privileg$ ari/ocracies ( ! =etime1 ) all _! iniquities1 did at lea/ pres]ve "s ta/e = high] human quality & honor c]ta9 =ms ( ref9em5t by _! endur+ traditions4 ,b :5 democracy is sov]eign1 its d\bt]s say1 nobility w =m a sort ( invisible *ur*1 & s9c]ity & ref9em5t1 /ripp$ ( honor1 prec$5ce1 & favor1 w h to vegetate on suff]ance 9 private corn]s4 ,!y w h no g5]al influ5ce4 ,!y w be h>mless ecc5tricities4 ,n[1 :o c be absolutely c]ta9 t ?is may n be ! c>e] ( democracy8 ,no?+ future is q secure2 /ates en\gh h inw>dly rott$2 & democracy z a :ole may und]go self-poison+4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 democracy is a k9d ( religion1 & we are b\nd n to admit its failure4 ,fai?s & ,utopias are ! noble/ ex]cise ( human reason1 & no "o ) a sp>k ( reason 9 him w sit d[n fatali/ically be=e ! croak]'s picture4 ,! be/ ( u are fill$ ) ! contr>y vision ( a democracy /umbl+ ?r\gh e error till its in/itutions gl[ ) ju/ice & its cu/oms %9e ) beauty4 ,our bett] m5 %all %[ ! way & we %all foll[ !m2 s we are br\ght r\nd aga9 to ! mission ( ! high] education 9 help+ u to "k ! bett] k9d ( man :5ev] we see him4 ,! notion t a p c run itself & its affairs anonym\sly is n[ well kn[n to be ! sillie/ ( absurdities4 ,mank9d does no?+ save ?r\gh initiatives on ! "p ( inv5tors1 great or small1 & imitation by ! re/ ( u--^! are ! sole factors active 9 human progress4 ,individuals ( g5ius %[ ! way1 & set ! patt]ns1 :i* common p !n adopt & foll[4 ,! rivalry ( ! patt]ns is ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,our democratic problem ?us is /atable 9 ultra-simple t]ms3 ,:o are ! k9d ( m5 f :om our majorities %all take _! cue8 ,:om %all !y treat z rightful lead]s8 ,we & our lead]s are ! x & ! y ( ! equation "h2 all o!r hi/oric circum/ances1 be !y economical1 political1 or intellectual1 are only ! backgr\nd ( occasion on :i* ! liv+ drama works itself out betwe5 u4 ,9 ?is v simple way does ! value ( our educat$ class def9e itself3 we m ?an o!rs %\ld be able to div9e ! wor?i] & bett] lead]s4 ,! t]ms "h are mon/r\sly simplifi$1 ( c\rse1 b su* a bird's-eye view lets u imm$iately take our be>+s4 ,9 our democracy1 :]e ev]y?+ else is s %ift+1 we alumni & alumnae ( ! colleges are ! only p]man5t pres5ce t corresponds to ! ari/ocracy 9 old] c\ntries4 ,we h cont9u\s traditions1 z !y h2 our motto1 too1 is noblesse oblige2 &1 unlike !m1 we /& = ideal int]e/s solely1 = we h no corporate selfi%ness & wield no p[]s ( corruption4 ,we ought to h our own class-consci\sness4 ,les intellectuels6 ,:at pr\d] club "n c\ld !re be ?an ?is "o1 us$ ironically by ! p>ty ( r$ blood1 ! p>ty ( e /upid prejudice & passion1 dur+ ! anti-,dreyfus craze1 to satirize ! m5 9 ,france :o /ill reta9$ "s critical s5se & judgm5t6 ,critical s5se1 x has to be confess$1 is n an excit+ t]m1 h>dly a bann] to c>ry 9 processions4 ,affections = old habit1 curr5ts ( self-int]e/1 & gales ( passion are ! =ces t keep ! human %ip mov+2 & ! pressure ( ! judici\s pilot's h& ^u ! till] is a relatively insignificant en]gy4 ,b ! affections1 passions1 & int]e/s are %ift+1 successive1 & di/raught2 !y bl[ 9 alt]nation :ile ! pilot's h& is /eadfa/4 ,he kn[s ! compass1 &1 ) all ! leeways he is oblig$ to tack t[>d1 he always makes "s headway4 ,a small =ce1 if x nev] lets up1 w accumulate effects m consid]able ?an ^? ( mu* great] =ces if ^! "w inconsi/5tly4 ,! ceaseless :isp] ( ! m p]man5t ideals1 ! /eady tug ( tru? & ju/ice1 give !m b "t1 mu/ w>p ! _w 9 _! direction4 ,?is bird's-eye view ( ! g5]al /e]+ function ( ! college-br$ amid ! drift+s ( democracy ought to help u to a wid] vision ( :at our colleges !mselves %\ld aim at4 ,if we are to be ! yea/ cake = democracy's d\gh1 if we are to make x rise ) culture's pref]5ces1 we mu/ see to x t culture spreads broad sails4 ,we mu/ %ake ! old d\ble reefs out ( ! canvas into ! w9d & sun%9e1 & let 9 e mod]n subject1 sure t any subject w prove humani/ic1 if its sett+ be kept only wide en\gh4 ,/ev5son says some:]e to 8 read]3 ,y ?9k y are j mak+ ?is b>ga91 b y are really lay+ d[n a l9k 9 ! policy ( mank9d4 ,well1 y\r te*nical s*ool %\ld enable y to make y\r b>ga9 spl5didly2 b y\r college %\ld %[ y j ! place ( t k9d ( b>ga9--a pretty poor place1 possibly--9 ! :ole policy ( mank9d4 ,t is ! k9d ( lib]al outlook1 ( p]spective1 ( atmosph]e1 :i* %\ld surr\nd e subject z a college deals ) x4 ,we ( ! colleges mu/ eradicate a curi\s notion :i* numb]s ( good p h ab\t su* anci5t seats ( le>n+ z ,h>v>d4 ,to _m ignorant outsid]s1 t "n sugge/s little m ?an a k9d ( /]iliz$ conceit & incapacity = be+ pleas$4 ,9 ,edi? ,wyatt's exquisite book ( ,*icago sket*es call$ ,e ,"o 8 ,own ,way1 !re is a c\ple :o /& = culture 9 ! s5se ( exclusiv5ess1 ,ri*>d ,elliot & 8 fem99e c\nt]p>t--feeble c>icatures ( mank9d1 unable to "k any good ?+ :5 !y see x1 incapable ( enjoym5t unless a pr9t$ label gives !m leave4 ,possibly ?is type ( culture may exi/ ne> ,cambridge & ,bo/on1 !re may be specim5s !re1 = priggi%ness is j l pa9t]s' colic or any o!r trade disease4 ,b e good college makes its /ud5ts immune aga9/ ?is malady1 ( :i* ! microbe haunts ! neighborhood-pr9t$ pages4 ,x does s by its g5]al tone be+ too he>ty = ! microbe's life4 ,real culture lives by sympa?ies & admirations1 n by dislikes & disda9s--"u all mislead+ wrapp+s x p\nces un]r+ly ^u ! human core4 ,if a college1 ?r\gh ! inf]ior human influ5ces t h gr[n regnant !re1 fails to cat* ! robu/] tone1 its failure is colossal1 = its social function /ops3 democracy gives x a wide b]?1 turns t[>d x a deaf e>4 ,tone1 to be sure1 is a t]ribly vague ^w to use1 b !re is no o!r1 & ?is :ole m$itation is ov] que/ions ( tone4 ,by _! tone are all ?+s human ei!r lo/ or sav$4 ,if democracy is to be sav$ x mu/ cat* ! high]1 heal?i] tone4 ,if we are to impress x ) our pref]5ces1 we ourselves mu/ use ! prop] tone1 :i* we1 9 turn1 mu/ h caught f our own tea*]s4 ,x all rev]ts 9 ! end to ! action ( innum]able imitative individuals ^u ea* o!r & to ! "q ( ^: tone has ! highe/ spread+ p[]4 ,z a class1 we college graduates %\ld look to x t ours has spread+ p[]4 ,x ought to h ! highe/ spread+ p[]4 ,9 our ess5tial function ( indicat+ ! bett] m51 we n[ h =midable competitors outside4 ,mc,clure's ,magaz9e1 ! ,am]ican ,magaz9e1 ,colli]'s ,weekly1 &1 9 its fa%ion1 ! ,_w's ,"w1 con/itute toge!r a real popul> univ]sity along ?is v l9e4 ,x w\ld be a pity if any future hi/orian 7 to h to write words l ^!3 ,by ! middle ( ! tw5tie? c5tury ! high] in/itutions ( le>n+ _h lo/ all influ5ce ov] public op9ion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ! mission ( rais+ ! tone ( democracy1 :i* !y _h prov$ !mselves s lam5tably unfitt$ to ex]t1 0 assum$ ) r>e en?usiasm & prosecut$ ) extraord9>y skill & success by a new educational p[]2 & = ! cl>ification ( _! human sympa?ies & elevation ( _! human pref]5ces1 ! p at l>ge acquir$ ! habit ( resort+ exclusively to ! guidance ( c]ta9 private lit]>y adv5tures1 commonly designat$ 9 ! m>ket by ! affectionate "n ( t5-c5t magaz9es4 ,mu/ n we ( ! colleges see to x t no hi/orian %all ev] say any?+ l ?is8 ,vague z ! phrase ( kn[+ a good man :5 y see him may be1 diffuse & indef9ite z "o mu/ leave its application1 is !re any o!r =mula t describes s well ! result at :i* our in/itutions ought to aim8 ,if !y d t1 !y d ! be/ ?+ conceivable4 ,if !y fail to d x1 !y fail 9 v de$4 ,x surely is a f9e syn!tic =mula4 ,if our faculties & graduates c\ld once collectively come to realize x z ! great und]ly+ purpose t[>d :i* !y h always be5 m or less obscurely grop+1 great cle>ness w\ld be %$ ov] _m ( _! problems2 &1 z = _! influ5ce 9 ! mid/ ( our social sy/em1 x w\ld emb>k ^u a new c>e] ( /r5g?4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #dc3 ,fir/ publi%$ 9 #aijh4 ,repr9t$ by p]mission f ,memories & ,/udies1 #aiaa4 7,messrs4 ,longmans1 ,gre5 & ,co47 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,human ,,progress#dd ,,h5ry ,,george ,:at1 !n1 is ! law ( human progress--! law "u :i* civilization advances8 ,x mu/ expla9 cle>ly & def9itely1 & n by vague g5]alities or sup]ficial analogies1 :y1 ?\gh mank9d />t$ presumably ) ! same capacities & at ! same "t1 !re n[ exi/ su* wide diff]5ces 9 social developm5t4 ,x mu/ acc\nt = ! arre/$ civilizations & = ! decay$ & de/roy$ civilizations2 = ! g5]al facts z to ! rise ( civilization1 & = ! petrify+ or en]vat+ =ce :i* ! progress ( civilization has h]et(ore always evolv$4 ,x mu/ acc\nt = retrogression a well z = progression2 = ! diff]5ces 9 g5]al "* betwe5 ,asiatic & ,european civilizations2 = ! diff]5ce betwe5 classical & mod]n civilizations2 = ! diff]5t rates at :i* progress goes on2 & = ^? bur/s1 & />ts1 & halts ( progress :i* are s m>k$ z m9or ph5om5a4 ,&1 ?us1 x mu/ %[ u :at are ! ess5tial conditions ( progress1 & :at social adju/m5ts advance & :at ret>d x4 ,x is n difficult to discov] su* a law4 ,we h b to look & we may see x4 ,i d n pret5d to give x sci5tific precision1 b m]ely to po9t x out4 ,! inc5tives to progress are ! desires inh]5t 9 human nature--! desire to gratify ! wants ( ! animal nature1 ! wants ( ! intellectual nature1 & ! wants ( ! sympa!tic nature2 ! desire to be1 to "k1 & to d--desires t %ort ( inf9ity c nev] be satisfi$1 z !y gr[ by :at !y fe$ on4 ,m9d is ! in/rum5t by :i* man advances1 & by :i* ea* advance is secur$ & made ! vantage gr\nd = new advances4 ,?\gh he may n by tak+ ?\ght add a cubit to 8 /ature1 man may by tak+ ?\ght ext5d 8 k ( ! univ]se & 8 p[] ov] x1 9 :at1 s f> z we c see1 is an inf9ite degree4 ,! n>r[ span ( human life all[s ! individual to g b a %ort di/ance1 b ?\gh ea* g5]ation may d b little1 yet g5]ations1 succe$+ to ! ga9 ( _! pr$ecessors1 may gradually elevate ! /atus ( mank9d1 z coral polyps1 build+ "o g5]ation ^u ! "w ( ! o!r1 gradually elevate !mselves f ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,m5tal p[] is1 !re=e1 ! motor ( progress1 & m5 t5d to advance 9 proportion to ! m5tal p[] exp5d$ 9 progression--! m5tal p[] :i* is devot$ to ! ext5sion ( k1 ! improvem5t ( me?ods1 & ! bett]m5t ( social conditions4 ,n[ m5tal p[] is a fix$ quantity--t is to say1 !re is a limit to ! "w a man c d ) 8 m9d1 z !re is to ! "w he c d ) 8 body2 !re=e1 ! m5tal p[] :i* c be devot$ to progress is only :at is left aft] :at is requir$ = non-progressive purposes4 ,^! non-progressive purposes 9 :i* m5tal p[] is consum$ may be classifi$ z ma9t5ance & conflict4 ,by ma9t5ance ,i mean1 n only ! support ( exi/5ce1 b ! keep+ up ( ! social condition & ! hold+ ( advances already ga9$4 ,by conflict ,i mean n m]ely w>f>e & prep>ation = w>f>e1 b all exp5diture ( m5tal p[] 9 seek+ ! gratification ( desire at ! exp5se ( o!rs1 & 9 resi/ance to su* aggression4 ,to comp>e society to a boat4 ,h] progress ?r\gh ! wat] w n dep5d ^u ! ex]tion ( h] crew1 b ^u ! ex]tion devot$ to propell+ h]4 ,?is w be less5$ by any exp5diture ( =ce requir$ = bail+1 or any exp5diture ( =ce 9 fight+ among !mselves1 or 9 pull+ 9 diff]5t directions4 ,n[1 z 9 a sep>at$ /ate ! :ole p[]s ( man are requir$ to ma9ta9 exi/5ce1 & m5tal p[] is set free = high] uses only by ! association ( m5 9 communities1 :i* p]mits ! division ( labor & all ! economies :i* come ) ! co-op]ation (1 increas$ numb]s1 association is ! fir/ ess5tial ( progress4 ,improvem5t becomes possible z m5 come toge!r 9 peaceful association1 & ! wid] & clos] ! association1 ! great] ! possibilities ( improvem5t4 ,& z ! wa/eful exp5diture ( m5tal p[] 9 conflict becomes great] or less z ! moral law :i* accords to ea* an equality ( rights is ignor$ or is recogniz$1 equality 7or ju/ice7 is ! second ess5tial ( progress4 ,?us association 9 equality is ! law ( progress4 ,association frees m5tal p[] = exp5diture 9 improvem5t1 & equality1 or ju/ice1 or fre$om--= ! t]ms "h signify ! same ?+1 ! recognition ( ! moral law--prev5ts ! dissipation ( ?is p[] 9 fruitless /ruggles4 ,"h is ! law ( progress1 :i* w expla9 all div]sities1 all advances1 all halts1 & retrogressions4 ,m5 t5d to progress j z !y come clos] toge!r1 & by co-op]ation ) ea* o!r increase ! m5tal p[] t may be devot$ to improvem5t2 b j z conflict is provok$1 or association develops inequality ( condition & p[]1 ?is t5d5cy to progression is less5$1 *eck$1 & f9ally rev]s$4 ,giv5 ! same innate capacity1 & x is evid5t t social developm5t w g on fa/] or sl[]1 w /op or turn back1 accord+ to ! resi/ances x meets4 ,9 a g5]al way ^! ob/acles to improvem5t may1 9 relation to ! society itself1 be class$ z ext]nal & int]nal--! fir/ op]at+ ) great] =ce 9 ! e>li] /ages ( civilization1 ! latt] becom+ m important 9 ! lat] /ages4 ,man is social 9 8 nature4 ,he does n require to be caught & tam$ 9 ord] to induce him to live ) 8 fell[s4 ,! utt] helplessness ) :i* he ent]s ! _w1 & ! long p]iod requir$ = ! maturity ( 8 p[]s1 necessitate ! family relation2 :i*1 z we may obs]ve1 is wid]1 & 9 its ext5sions /rong]1 among ! rud] ?an among ! m cultivat$ peoples4 ,! fir/ societies are families1 exp&+ into tribes1 /ill hold+ a mutual blood relation%ip1 & ev5 :5 !y h become great nations claim+ a common desc5t4 ,giv5 be+s ( ?is k9d1 plac$ on a globe ( su* div]sifi$ surface & climate z ?is1 & x is evid5t t1 ev5 ) equal capacity1 & an equal />t1 social developm5t mu/ be v diff]5t4 ,! fir/ limit or resi/ance to association w come f ! conditions ( physical nature1 & z ^! greatly v>y ) locality1 correspond+ diff]5ces 9 social progress mu/ %[ !mselves4 ,! net rapidity ( increase1 & ! clos5ess ) :i* m51 z !y increase1 c keep toge!r1 w1 9 ! rude /ate ( k 9 :i* reliance = subsi/5ce mu/ be pr9cipally ^u ! spontane\s (f]+s ( nature1 v l>gely dep5d ^u climate1 soil1 & physical con=mation4 ,:]e mu* animal food & w>m clo?+ are requir$2 :]e ! e>? seems poor & nigg>d2 :]e ! exub]ant life ( tropical =e/s mocks b>b>\s man's puny ef=ts to control2 :]e m\nta9s1 des]ts1 or arms ( ! sea sep>ate & isolate m52 association1 & ! p[] ( improvem5t :i* x evolves1 c at fir/ g b a little way4 ,b on ! ri* pla9s ( w>m climates1 :]e human exi/5ce c be ma9ta9$ ) a small] exp5diture ( =ce1 & f a mu* small] area1 m5 c keep clos] toge!r1 & ! m5tal p[] :i* c at fir/ be devot$ to improvem5t is mu* great]4 ,h5ce civilization naturally fir/ arises 9 ! great valleys & table-l&s :]e we f9d its e>lie/ monum5ts4 ,b ^! div]sities 9 natural conditions1 n m]ely ?us directly produce div]sities 9 social developm5t1 b1 by produc+ div]sities 9 social developm5t1 br+ out 9 man himself an ob/acle1 or r an active c\nt]=ce1 to improvem5t4 ,z families & tribes are sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 ! social feel+ ceases to op]ate betwe5 !m1 & diff]5ces arise 9 language1 cu/om1 tradition1 religion--9 %ort1 9 ! :ole social web :i* ea* community1 h[ev] small or l>ge1 con/antly sp9s4 ,) ^! diff]5ces1 prejudices gr[1 animosities spr+ up1 contact easily produces qu>rels1 aggression begets aggression1 & wrong k9dles rev5ge4#de ,& s betwe5 ^! sep>ate social aggregates arises ! feel+ ( ,i%mael & ! _s ( ,ca91 w>f>e becomes ! *ronic & seem+ly natural relation ( societies to ea* o!r1 & ! p[]s ( m5 are exp5d$ 9 attack or def5se1 9 mutual slaught] & mutual de/ruction ( weal?1 or 9 w>like prep>ations4 ,h[ long ?is ho/ility p]si/s1 ! protective t>iffs & ! /&+ armies ( ! civiliz$ _w to-day be> witness2 h[ difficult x is to get ov] ! idea t x is n !ft to /eal f a =eign]1 ! difficulty 9 procur+ an int]national copyright act w %[4 ,c we wond] at ! p]petual ho/ilities ( tribes & clans8 ,c we wond] t :5 ea* community 0 isolat$ f ! o!rs--:5 ea*1 un9flu5c$ by ! o!rs1 0 sp9n+ its sep>ate web ( social environm5t1 :i* no individual c escape1 t w> %\ld h be5 ! rule & peace ! exception8 ,!y 7 ev5 z we are4 ,n[1 w>f>e is ! negation ( association4 ,! sep>ation ( m5 into div]se tribes1 by increas+ w>f>e1 ?us *ecks improvem5t2 :ile 9 ! localities :]e a l>ge increase 9 numb]s is possible )\t mu* sep>ation2 civilization ga9s ! advantage ( exemption f tribal w>1 ev5 :5 ! community z a :ole is c>ry+ on w>f>e beyond its bord]s4 ,?us1 :]e ! resi/ance ( nature to ! close association ( m5 is slighte/1 ! c\nt]=ce ( w>f>e is likely at fir/ to be lea/ felt2 & 9 ! ri* pla9s :]e civilization fir/ beg9s1 x may rise to a great height :ile scatt]$ tribes are yet b>b>\s4 ,& ?us1 :5 small1 sep>at$ communities exi/ 9 a /ate ( *ronic w>f>e :i* =bids advance1 ! fir/ /ep to _! civilization is ! adv5t ( "s conqu]+ tribe or nation t unites ^! small] communities into a l>g] "o1 9 :i* int]nal peace is pres]v$4 ,:]e ?is p[] ( peaceable association is brok5 up1 ei!r by ext]nal assaults or int]nal diss5sions1 ! advance ceases & retrogression beg9s4 ,b x is n conque/ alone t has op]at$ to promote association1 &1 by lib]at+ m5tal p[] f ! necessities ( w>f>e1 to promote civilization4 ,if ! div]sities ( climate1 soil1 & configuration ( ! e>?'s surface op]ate at fir/ to sep>ate mank9d1 !y also op]ate to enc\rage ex*ange4 ,& comm]ce1 :i* is 9 itself a =m ( association or co-op]ation1 op]ates to promote civilization1 n only directly1 b by build+ up int]e/s :i* are oppos$ to w>f>e1 & dispell+ ! ignorance :i* is ! f]tile "m ( prejudices & animosities4 ,& s ( religion4 ,?\gh ! =ms x has assum$ & ! animosities x has ar\s$ h (t5 sund]$ m5 & produc$ w>f>e1 yet x has at o!r times be5 ! means ( promot+ association4 ,a common wor%ip has (t51 z among ! ,greeks1 mitigat$ w> & furni%$ ! basis ( union1 :ile x is f ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity ov] ! b>b>ians ( ,europe t mod]n civilization spr+s4 ,_h n ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* exi/$ :5 ! ,roman ,empire w5t to pieces1 ,europe1 de/itute ( any bond ( association1 might h fall5 to a condition n mu* above t ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians or only receiv$ civilization ) an ,asiatic impress f ! conqu]+ scimit]s ( ! invad+ hordes :i* _h be5 weld$ into a mighty p[] by a religion :i*1 spr++ up 9 ! des]ts ( ,arabia1 _h unit$ tribes sep>at$ f "t immemorial1 &1 !nce issu+1 br\ght into ! association ( a common fai? a great "p ( ! human race4 ,look+ ov] :at we "k ( ! hi/ory ( ! _w1 we ?us see civilization ev]y:]e spr++ up :]e m5 are br\ght into association1 & ev]y:]e disappe>+ z ?is association is brok5 up4 ,?us ! ,roman civilization1 spread ov] ,europe by ! conque/s :i* insur$ int]nal peace1 0 ov]:elm$ by ! incursions ( ! nor!rn nations t broke society aga9 into disconnect$ fragm5ts2 & ! progress t n[ goes on 9 our mod]n civilization began z ! feudal sy/em aga9 began to associate m5 9 l>g] communities1 & ! spiritual supremacy ( ,rome to br+ ^! communities into a common relation1 z h] legions _h done be=e4 ,z ! feudal bonds grew into national autonomies1 & ,*ri/ianity work$ ! amelioration ( mann]s1 br\ght =? ! k t dur+ ! d>k days %e _h hidd51 b\nd ! ?reads ( peaceful union 9 h] all-p]vad+ organization1 & taught association 9 h] religi\s ord]s1 a great] progress became possible1 :i*1 z m5 h be5 br\ght into clos] & clos] association & co-op]ation1 has gone on ) great] & great] =ce4 ,b we %all nev] und]/& ! c\rse ( civilization1 & ! v>i$ ph5om5a :i* its hi/ory pres5ts1 )\t a consid]ation ( :at ,i may t]m ! int]nal resi/ances1 or c\nt] =ces1 :i* arise 9 ! he>t ( advanc+ society1 & :i* c alone expla9 h[ a civilization once fairly />t$ %\ld ei!r come ( itself to a halt or be de/roy$ by b>b>ians4 ,! m5tal p[]1 :i* is ! motor ( social progress1 is set free by association1 :i* is1--:at1 p]haps1 x may be m prop]ly call$1--an integration4 ,society 9 ?is process becomes m complex2 its individuals m dep5d5t ^u ea* o!r4 ,occupations & functions are specializ$4 ,in/ead ( w&]+1 population becomes fix$4 ,in/ead ( ea* man attempt+ to supply all ( 8 wants1 ! v>i\s trades & indu/ries are sep>at$--"o man acquires skill 9 "o ?+1 & ano!r 9 ano!r ?+4 ,s1 too1 ( k1 ! body ( :i* con/antly t5ds to become va/] ?an "o man c grasp1 & is sep>at$ into diff]5t p>ts1 :i* diff]5t individuals acquire & pursue4 ,s1 too1 ! p]=mance ( religi\s c]emonies t5ds to pass into ! h&s ( a body ( m5 specially devot$ to t purpose1 & ! pres]vation ( ord]1 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 ! assignm5t ( public duties & ! di/ribution ( aw>ds1 ! conduct ( w>1 etc41 to be made ! special functions ( an organiz$ gov]nm5t4 ,9 %ort1 to use ! language 9 :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] has def9$ evolution1 ! developm5t ( society is1 9 relation to its compon5t individuals1 ! pass+ f an indef9ite1 incoh]5t homog5eity to a def9ite1 coh]5t het]og5eity4 ,! l[] ! /age ( social developm5t1 ! m society resembles "o ( ^? l[e/ ( animal organisms :i* are )\t organs or limbs1 & f :i* a "p may be cut & yet live4 ,! high] ! /age ( social developm5t1 ! m society resembles ^? high] organisms 9 :i* functions & p[]s are specializ$1 & ea* memb] is vitally dep5d5t on ! o!rs4 ,n[1 ?is process ( integration1 ( ! specialization ( functions & p[]s1 z x goes on 9 society1 is1 by virtue ( :at is probably "o ( ! deepe/ laws ( human nature1 accompani$ by a con/ant liability to inequality4 ,i d n mean t inequality is ! necess>y result ( social gr[?1 b t x is ! con/ant t5d5cy ( social gr[? if unaccompani$ by *anges 9 social adju/m5ts1 :i*1 9 ! new conditions t gr[? produces1 w secure equality4 ,i mean1 s to speak1 t ! g>m5t ( laws1 cu/oms1 & political in/itutions1 :i* ea* society weaves = itself1 is con/antly t5d+ to become too tight z ! society develops4 ,i mean1 s to speak1 t man1 z he advances1 ?reads a labyr9?1 9 :i*1 if he keeps /raight ahead1 he w infallibly lose 8 way1 & ?r\gh :i* reason & ju/ice c alone keep him cont9u\sly 9 an asc5d+ pa?4 ,=1 :ile ! integration :i* accompanies gr[? t5ds 9 itself to set free m5tal p[] to "w improvem5t1 !re is1 bo? ) increase ( numb]s & ) increase 9 complexity ( ! social organization1 a c\nt] t5d5cy set up to ! production ( a /ate ( inequality1 :i* wa/es m5tal p[]1 &1 z x increases1 br+s improvem5t to a halt4 ,to trace to its highe/ expression ! law :i* ?us op]ates to evolve ) progress ! =ce :i* /ops progress1 w\ld be1 x seems to me1 to g f> to ! solution ( a problem deep] ?an t ( ! g5esis ( ! mat]ial univ]se--! problem ( ! g5esis ( evil4 ,let me cont5t myself ) po9t+ out ! mann] 9 :i*1 z society develops1 !re arise t5d5cies :i* *eck developm5t4 ,!re are two qualities ( human nature :i* x w be well1 h[ev]1 to fir/ call to m9d4 ,! "o is ! p[] ( habit3--! t5d5cy to cont9ue to d ?+s 9 ! same way2 ! o!r is ! possibility ( m5tal & moral det]ioration4 ,! effect ( ! fir/ 9 social developm5t is to cont9ue habits1 cu/oms1 laws & me?ods1 long aft] !y h lo/ _! orig9al usefulness1 & ! effect ( ! o!r is to p]mit ! gr[? ( in/itutions & modes ( ?\ght f :i* ! normal p]ceptions ( m5 in/9ctively revolt4 ,n[ ! gr[? & developm5t ( society n m]ely t5d to make ea* m & m dep5d5t ^u all1 & to less5 ! influ5ce ( individuals1 ev5 ov] _! own conditions1 z comp>$ ) ! influ5ce ( society2 b ! effect ( association or integration is to give rise to a collective p[] :i* is di/+ui%able f ! sum ( individual p[]s4 ,analogies1 or1 p]haps1 r illu/rations ( ! same law1 may be f\nd 9 all directions4 ,z animal organisms increase 9 complexity1 !re arise1 above ! life & p[] ( ! p>ts1 a life & p[] ( ! integrat$ :ole2 above ! capability ( involunt>y movem5ts1 ! capability ( volunt>y movem5ts4 ,! actions & impulses ( bodies ( m5 are1 z has (t5 be5 obs]v$1 diff]5t f ^? :i*1 "u ! same circum/ances1 w\ld be call$ =? 9 individuals4 ,! fight+ qualities ( a regim5t may be v diff]5t f ^? ( ! individual soldi]s4 ,b !re is no ne$ ( illu/rations4 ,9 our inquiries into ! nature & rise ( r5t1 we trac$ ! v ?+ to :i* ,i allude4 ,:]e population is sp>se1 l& has no value2 j z m5 congregate toge!r1 ! value ( l& appe>s & rises--a cle>ly di/+ui%able ?+ f ! values produc$ by individual ef=t2 a value :i* spr+s f association1 :i* increases z association gr[s great]1 & disappe>s z association is brok5 up4 ,& ! same ?+ is true ( p[] 9 o!r =ms ?an ^? g5]ally express$ 9 t]ms ( weal?4 ,n[1 z society gr[s1 ! disposition to cont9ue previ\s1 social adju/m5ts t5ds to lodge ?is collective p[]1 z x arises1 9 ! h&s ( a portion ( ! community2 & ?is unequal di/ribution ( ! weal? & p[] ga9$ z society advances t5ds to produce great] inequality1 s9ce aggression gr[s by :at x fe$s on1 & ! idea ( ju/ice is blurr$ by ! habitual tol]ation ( inju/ice4 ,9 ?is way ! patri>*al organization ( society c easily gr[ into h]$it>y mon>*y1 9 :i* ! k+ is z a god on e>?1 & ! masses ( ! p m]e slaves ( 8 caprice4 ,x is natural t ! fa!r %\ld be ! direct+ head ( ! family1 & t at 8 dea? ! elde/ son1 z ! olde/ & mo/ exp]i5c$ memb] ( ! little community1 %\ld succe$ to ! head%ip4 ,b to cont9ue ?is arrangem5t z ! family exp&s1 is to lodge p[] 9 a p>ticul> l9e1 & ! p[] ?us lodg$ necess>ily cont9ues to increase1 z ! common /ock becomes l>g] & l>g]1 & ! p[] ( ! community gr[s4 ,! head ( ! family passes into ! h]$it>y k+1 :o comes to look ^u himself & to be look$ ^u by o!rs z a be+ ( sup]ior rights4 ,) ! gr[? ( ! collective p[] z comp>$ ) ! p[] ( ! individual1 8 p[] to rew>d & to puni% increases1 & s increase ! inducem5ts to flatt] & to fe> him2 until f9ally1 if ! process be n di/urb$1 a nation grovels at ! foot ( a ?rone1 & a hundr$ ?\s& m5 toil = fifty ye>s to prep>e a tomb = "o ( _! own mortal k9d4 ,s ! w>-*ief ( a little b& ( savages is b "o ( _! numb]1 :om !y foll[ z _! brave/ & mo/ w>y4 ,b :5 l>ge bodies come to act toge!r1 p]sonal selection becomes m difficult1 a bl9d] ob$i5ce becomes necess>y & c be en=c$1 & f ! v necessities ( w>f>e :5 conduct$ on a l>ge scale absolute p[] arises4 ,& s ( ! specialization ( function4 ,!re is a manife/ ga9 9 productive p[] :5 social gr[? has gone s f> t in/ead ( e produc] be+ summon$ f 8 "w = fight+ purposes1 a regul> milit>y =ce c be specializ$2 b ?is inevitably t5ds to ! conc5tration ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( ! milit>y class or _! *iefs4 ,! pres]vation ( int]nal ord]1 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 ! con/ruction & c>e ( public works1 &1 notably1 ! obs]vances ( religion1 all t5d 9 simil> mann] to pass into ! h&s ( special classes1 ^: disposition x is to magnify _! function & ext5d _! p[]4 ,b ! great cause ( inequality is 9 ! natural monopoly :i* is giv5 by ! possession ( l&4 ,! fir/ p]ceptions ( m5 seem always to be t l& is common prop]ty2 b ! rude devices by :i* ?is is at fir/ recogniz$--su* z annual p>titions or cultivation 9 common--are consi/5t ) only a l[ /age ( developm5t4 ,! idea ( prop]ty1 :i* naturally arises ) ref]5ce to ?+s ( human production1 is easily transf]r$ to l&1 & an in/itution :i* :5 population is sp>se m]ely secures to ! improv] & us] ! due rew>d ( 8 labor1 f9ally1 z population becomes d5se & r5t arises1 op]ates to /rip ! produc] ( 8 wages4 ,n m]ely ?is1 b ! appropriation ( r5t = public purposes1 :i* is ! only way 9 :i*1 ) any?+ l a high developm5t1 l& c be readily reta9$ z common prop]ty1 becomes1 :5 political & religi\s p[] passes into ! h&s ( a class1 ! own]%ip ( ! l& by t class1 & ! re/ ( ! community become m]ely t5ants4 ,& w>s & conque/s1 :i* t5d to ! conc5tration ( political p[] & to ! in/itution ( slav]y1 naturally result1 :]e social gr[? has giv5 l& a value1 9 ! appropriation ( ! soil4 ,a dom9ant class1 :o conc5trate p[] 9 _! h&s1 w likewise soon conc5trate own]%ip ( ! l&4 ,to !m w fall l>ge p>titions ( conqu]$ l&1 :i* ! =m] inhabitants w till z t5ants or s]fs1 & ! public doma91 or common l&s1 :i* 9 ! natural c\rse ( social gr[? are left = a :ile 9 e c\ntry1 & 9 :i* /ate ! primitive sy/em ( village culture leaves pa/ure & woodl&1 are readily acquir$1 z we see by mod]n in/ances4 ,& inequality once e/abli%$1 ! own]%ip ( l& t5ds to conc5trate z developm5t goes on4 ,i am m]ely attempt+ to set =? ! g5]al fact t z a social developm5t goes on1 inequality t5ds to e/abli% itself1 & n to po9t out ! p>ticul> sequ5ce1 :i* mu/ necess>ily v>y ) diff]5t conditions4 ,b ?is ma9 fact makes intelligible all ! ph5om5a ( petrifaction & retrogression4 ,! unequal di/ribution ( ! p[] & weal? ga9$ by ! integration ( m5 9 society t5ds to *eck1 & f9ally to c\nt]balance1 ! =ce by :i* improvem5ts are made & society advances4 ,on ! "o side1 ! masses ( ! community are compell$ to exp5d _! m5tal p[]s 9 m]ely ma9ta9+ exi/5ce4 ,on ! o!r side1 m5tal p[] is exp5d$ 9 keep+ up & int5sify+ ! sy/em ( inequality1 9 o/5tation1 luxury1 & w>f>e4 ,a community divid$ into a class t rules & a class t is rul$--into ! v ri* & ! v poor--may build l giants & f9i% l jewel]s2 b x w be monum5ts ( ru?less pride & b>r5 vanity1 or ( a religion turn$ f its (fice ( elevat+ man into an in/rum5t = keep+ him d[n4 ,inv5tion may = a :ile to "s degree g on2 b x w be ! inv5tion ( ref9em5ts 9 luxury1 n ! inv5tions t relieve toil & increase p[]4 ,9 ! arcana ( temples or 9 ! *amb]s ( c\rt physicians k may /ill be s\ght2 b x w be hidd5 z a secret ?+1 or if x d>es come out to elevate common ?\ght or bright5 common life1 x w be trodd5 d[n z a dang]\s innovator4 ,= z x t5ds to less5 ! m5tal p[] devot$ to improvem5t1 s does inequality t5d to r5d] m5 adv]se to improvem5t4 ,h[ /rong is ! disposition to adh]e to old me?ods among ! classes :o are kept 9 ignorance by be+ compell$ to toil = a m]e exi/5ce1 is too well kn[n to require illu/ration1 & on ! o!r h& ! cons]vatism ( ! classes to :om ! exi/+ social adju/m5t gives special advantages is equally app>5t4 ,?is t5d5cy to resi/ innovation1 ev5 ?\gh x be improvem5t1 is obs]vable 9 e special organization--9 religion1 9 law1 9 m$ic9e1 9 sci5ce1 9 trade guilds2 & x becomes int5se j z ! organization is close4 ,a close corporation has always an in/9ctive dislike ( innovation & innovators1 :i* is b ! expression ( an in/9ctive fe> t *ange may t5d to ?r[ d[n ! b>ri]s :i* h$ge x 9 f ! common h]d1 & s rob x ( importance & p[]2 & x is always dispos$ to gu>d c>efully its special k or skill4 ,x is 9 ?is way t petrifaction succe$s progress4 ,! advance ( inequality necess>ily br+s improvem5t to a halt1 & z x /ill p]si/s or provokes unavail+ reactions1 draws ev5 ^u ! m5tal p[] necess>y = ma9t5ance1 & retrogression beg9s4 ,^! pr9ciples make intelligible ! hi/ory ( civilization4 ,9 ! localities :]e climate1 soil1 & physical con=mation t5d$ lea/ to sep>ate m5 z !y increas$1 & :]e1 accord+ly1 ! fir/ civilizations grew up1 ! int]nal resi/ances to progress w\ld naturally develop 9 a m regul> & ?or\gh mann] ?an :]e small] communities1 :i* 9 _! sep>ation _h develop$ div]sities1 7 aft]w>d br\ght toge!r into a clos] association4 ,x is ?is1 x seems to me1 :i* acc\nts = ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! e>li] civilizations z comp>$ ) ! lat] civilizations ( ,europe4 ,su* homog5e\s communities1 develop+ f ! fir/ )\t ! j> ( conflict betwe5 diff]5t cu/oms1 laws1 religions1 etc41 w\ld %[ a mu* great] uni=mity4 ,! conc5trat+ & cons]vative =ces w\ld all1 s to speak1 pull toge!r4 ,rival *iefta9s w\ld n c\nt]balance ea* o!r1 nor div]sities ( belief hold ! gr[? ( prie/ly influ5ce 9 *eck4 ,political & religi\s p[]1 weal? & k1 w\ld ?us t5d to conc5trate 9 ! same c5tres4 ,! same causes :i* t5d$ to produce ! h]$it>y k+ & h]$it>y prie/ w\ld t5d to produce ! h]$it>y artisan & labor]1 & to sep>ate society into ca/es4 ,! p[] :i* association sets free = progress w\ld ?us be wa/$1 & b>ri]s to fur!r progress be gradually rais$4 ,! surplus en]gies ( ! masses w\ld be devot$ to ! con/ruction ( temples1 palaces1 & pyramids2 to m9i/]+ to ! pride & pamp]+ ! luxury ( _! rul]s2 & %\ld any disposition to improvem5t arise among ! classes ( leisure x w\ld at once be *eck$ by ! dread ( innovation4 ,society develop+ 9 ?is way mu/ at l5g? /op 9 a cons]vatism :i* p]mits no fur!r progress4 ,h[ long su* a /ate ( complete petrifaction1 :5 once rea*$1 w cont9ue1 seems to dep5d ^u ext]nal causes1 = ! iron bonds ( ! social environm5t :i* gr[s up repress dis9tegrat+ =ces z well z improvem5t4 ,su* a community c be mo/ easily conqu]$1 = ! masses ( ! p are tra9$ to a passive acquiesc5ce 9 a life ( hopeless labor4 ,if ! conqu]ors m]ely take ! place ( ! rul+ class1 z ! ,hyksos did 9 ,egypt & ! ,t>t>s 9 ,*9a1 ev]y?+ w g on z be=e4 ,if !y ravage & de/roy1 ! glory ( palace & temple rema9s b 9 ru9s1 population becomes sp>se1 & k & art are lo/4 ,european civilization diff]s 9 "* f civilizations ( ! ,egyptian type because x spr+s n f ! association ( a homog5e\s p develop+ f ! beg9n+1 or at lea/ = a long "t1 "u ! same conditions1 b f ! association ( peoples :o 9 sep>ation _h acquir$ di/9ctive social *>act]i/ics1 & ^: small] organizations long] prev5t$ ! conc5tration ( p[] & weal? 9 "o c5tre4 ,! physical con=mation ( ! ,grecian p59sula is su* z to sep>ate ! p at fir/ into a numb] ( small communities4 ,z ^? petty republics & nom9al k+doms ceas$ to wa/e _! en]gies 9 w>f>e1 & ! peaceable co-op]ation ( comm]ce ext5d$1 ! light ( civilization blaz$ up4 ,b ! pr9ciple ( association 0 nev] /rong en\gh to save ,greece f int]-tribal w>1 & :5 ?is 0 put an end to by conque/1 ! t5d5cy to inequality1 :i* _h be5 combat$ ) v>i\s devices by ,grecian sages & /atesm51 work$ its result1 & ,grecian valor1 art1 & lit]ature became ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,& s 9 ! rise & ext5sion1 ! decl9e & fall1 ( ,roman civilization1 may be se5 ! work+ ( ^! two pr9ciples ( association & equality1 f ! comb9ation ( :i* spr+s progress4 ,spr++ f ! association ( ! indep5d5t husb&m5 & free citiz5s ( ,italy1 & ga9+ fre% /r5g? f conque/s :i* br\ght ho/ile nations into common relations1 ! ,roman p[] hu%$ ! _w 9 peace4 ,b ! t5d5cy to inequality1 *eck+ real progress f ! fir/1 increas$ z ! ,roman civilization ext5d$4 ,! ,roman civilization did n petrify z did ! homog5e\s civilizations :]e ! /rong bonds ( cu/om & sup]/ition t held ! p 9 subjection probably also protect$ !m1 or at any rate kept ! peace betwe5 rul]s & rul$3 x rott$1 decl9$ & fell4 ,long be=e ,go? or ,v&al _h brok5 ?r\gh ! cordon ( ! legions1 ev5 :ile h] fronti]s 7 advanc+1 ,rome 0 dead at ! he>t4 ,great e/ates _h ru9$ ,italy4 ,inequality _h dri$ up ! /r5g? & de/roy$ ! vigor ( ! ,roman _w4 ,gov]nm5t became despotism1 :i* ev5 assass9ation c\ld n temp]2 patriotism became s]vility2 vices ! mo/ f\l fl\t$ !mselves 9 public2 lit]ature sank to pu]ilities2 le>n+ 0 =gott52 f]tile di/ricts became wa/e )\t ! ravages ( w>--ev]y:]e inequality produc$ decay1 political1 m5tal1 moral1 & mat]ial4 ,! b>b>ism :i* ov]:elm$ ,rome came n f )\t1 b f )94 ,x 0 ! necess>y product ( ! sy/em :i* _h sub/itut$ slaves & colonii = ! indep5d5t husb&m5 ( ,italy1 & c>v$ ! prov9ces into e/ates ( s5atorial families4 ,mod]n civilization owes its sup]iority to ! gr[? ( equality ) ! gr[? ( association4 ,two great causes contribut$ to ?is--! splitt+ up ( conc5trat$ p[] into innum]able little c5t]s by ! influx ( ! ,nor!rn nations1 & ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,)\t ! fir/ !re w\ld h be5 ! petrifaction & sl[ decay ( ! ,ea/]n ,empire1 :]e *ur* & /ate 7 closely m>ri$ & loss ( ext]nal p[] br\ght no relief ( int]nal tyranny4 ,& b = ! o!r !re w\ld h be5 b>b>ism )\t pr9ciple ( association or amelioration4 ,! petty *iefs & allodial lords :o ev]y:]e grasp$ local sov]eignty held ea* o!r 9 *eck4 ,italian cities recov]$ _! anci5t lib]ty1 free t[ns 7 f\nd$1 village communities took root1 & s]fs acquir$ rights 9 ! soil !y till$4 ,! leav5 ( ,teutonic ideas ( equality work$ ?r\gh ! disorganiz$ & disjo9t$ fabric ( society4 ,& al?\gh society 0 split up into an innum]able numb] ( sep>at$ fragm5ts1 yet ! idea ( clos] association 0 always pres5t--x exi/$ 9 ! recollections ( a univ]sal empire2 x exi/$ 9 ! claims ( a univ]sal *ur*4 ,?\gh ,*ri/ianity became di/ort$ & alloy$ 9 p]colat+ ?r\gh a rott+ civilization2 ?\gh pagan gods 7 tak5 into h] pan!on1 & pagan =ms into h] ritual1 & pagan ideas into h] cre$2 yet h] ess5tial idea ( ! equality ( m5 0 nev] :olly de/roy$4 ,& two ?+s happ5$ ( ! utmo/ mom5t to incipi5t civilization--! e/abli%m5t ( ! papacy & ! celibacy ( ! cl]gy4 ,! fir/ prev5t$ ! spiritual p[] f conc5trat+ 9 ! same l9es z ! temporal p[]2 & ! latt] prev5t$ ! e/abli%m5t ( a prie/ly ca/e1 dur+ a "t :5 all p[] t5d$ to h]$it>y =m4 ,9 h] ef=ts = ! abolition ( slav]y2 9 h] ,truce ( ,god2 9 h] mona/ic ord]s2 9 h] c\ncils :i* unit$ nations1 & h] edicts :i* ran )\t reg>d to political b\nd>ies2 9 ! l[-born h&s 9 :i* %e plac$ a sign be=e :i* ! pr\de/ knelt2 9 h] bi%ops :o by consecration became ! pe]s ( ! greate/ nobles2 9 h] ,s]vant ( ,s]vants1 = s 8 (ficial title ran1 :o1 by virtue ( ! r+ ( a simple fi%]man1 claim$ ! "r to arbitrate betwe5 nations1 & ^: /irrup 0 held by k+s2 ! ,*ur*1 9 spite ( ev]y?+1 0 yet a promot] ( association1 a witness = ! natural equality ( m52 & by ! ,*ur* h]self 0 nurtur$ a _s t1 :5 h] e>ly "w ( association & emancipation 0 well-nigh done--:5 ! ties %e _h knit _h become /rong1 & ! le>n+ %e _h pres]v$ _h be5 giv5 to ! _w--broke ! *a9s ) :i* %e w\ld h fett]$ ! human m9d1 & 9 a great "p ( ,europe r5t h] organization4 ,! rise & gr[? ( ,european civilization is too va/ & complex a subject to be ?r[n into prop] p]spective & relation 9 a few p>agraphs2 b 9 all its details1 z 9 its ma9 features1 x illu/rates ! tru? t progress goes on j z society t5ds t[>d clos] association & great] equality4 ,civilization is co-op]ation4 ,union & lib]ty are its factors4 ,! great ext5sion ( association--n alone 9 ! gr[? ( l>g] & d5s] communities1 b 9 ! increase ( comm]ce & ! manifold ex*anges :i* knit ea* community toge!r & l9k !m ) o!r ?\gh widely sep>at$ communities2 ! gr[? ( int]national & municipal law2 ! advances 9 security ( prop]ty & ( p]son1 9 individual lib]ty1 & t[>ds democratic gov]nm5t--advances1 9 %ort1 t[>ds ! recognition ( ! equal rights to life1 lib]ty1 & ! pursuit ( happ9ess--x is ^! t make our mod]n civilization s mu* great]1 s mu* high]1 ?an any t has gone be=e4 ,x is ^! t h set free ! m5tal p[] :i* has roll$ back ! veil ( ignorance :i* hid all b a small portion ( ! globe f m5's k2 :i* has measur$ ! orbits ( ! circl+ sph]es & bids u see mov+1 puls+ life 9 a drop ( wat]2 :i* has op5$ to u ! ante*amb] ( nature's my/]ies & read ! secrets ( a long-buri$ pa/2 :i* has h>ness$ 9 our s]vice physical =ces beside :i* man's ef=ts are puny2 & increas$ productive p[] by a ?\s& great inv5tions4 ,9 t _s ( fatalism to :i* ,i h allud$ z p]vad+ curr5t lit]ature1 x is ! fa%ion to speak ev5 ( w> & slav]y z means ( human progress4 ,b w>1 :i* is ! opposite ( association1 c aid progress only :5 x prev5ts fur!r w> or breaks d[n antisocial b>ri]s :i* are !mselves passive w>4 ,z = slav]y1 ,i _c see h[ x c\ld ev] h aid$ 9 e/abli%+ fre$om1 & fre$om1 ! synonym ( equality is1 f ! v rude/ /ate 9 :i* man c be imag9$1 ! /imulus & condition ( progress4 ,augu/e ,comte's idea t ! in/itution ( slav]y de/roy$ cannibalism is z fanciful z ,elia's humor\s notion ( ! way mank9d acquir$ a ta/e = roa/ pig4 ,x assumes t a prop5sity t has nev] be5 f\nd develop$ 9 man save z ! result ( ! mo/ unnatural conditions--! dire/ want or ! mo/ brutaliz+ sup]/itions#df--;is an orig9al impulse1 & t he1 ev5 9 8 l[e/ /ate ! highe/ ( all animals1 has natural appetites :i* ! nobl] brutes d n %[4 ,& s ( ! idea t slav]y began civilization by giv+ slave own]s leisure = improvem5t4 ,slav]y nev] did & nev] c\ld aid improvem5t4 ,:e!r ! community consi/ ( a s+le ma/] & a s+le slave1 or ( ?\s&s ( ma/]s & millions ( slaves1 slav]y necess>ily involves a wa/e ( human p[]2 = n only is slave labor less productive ?an free labor1 b ! p[] ( ma/]s is likewise wa/$ 9 hold+ & wat*+ _! slaves1 & is call$ away f directions 9 :i* real improvem5t lies4 ,f fir/ to la/1 slav]y1 l e o!r d5ial ( ! natural equality ( m51 has hamp]$ & prev5t$ progress4 ,j 9 proportion z slav]y plays an important "p 9 ! social organization does improvem5t cease4 ,t 9 ! classical _w slav]y 0 s univ]sal1 is und\bt$ly ! reason :y ! m5tal activity :i* s poli%$ lit]ature & ref9$ art nev] hit on any ( ! great discov]ies & inv5tions :i* di/+ui% mod]n civilization4 ,no slave-hold+ p ev] 7 an inv5tive p4 ,9 a slave-hold+ community ! upp] classes may become luxuri\s & poli%$2 b nev] inv5tive4 ,:atev] degrades ! labor] & robs him ( ! fruits ( 8 toil /ifles ! _s ( inv5tion & =bids ! utilization ( inv5tions & discov]ies ev5 :5 made4 ,to fre$om alone is giv5 ! spell ( p[] :i* summons ! g5ii 9 ^: keep+ are ! treasures ( e>? & ! viewless =ces ( ! air4 ,! law ( human progress1 :at is x b ! moral law8 ,j z social adju/m5ts promote ju/ice1 j z !y ackn[l$ge ! equality ( "r betwe5 man & man1 j z !y insure to ea* ! p]fect lib]ty :i* is b\nd$ only by ! equal lib]ty ( e o!r1 mu/ civilization advance4 ,j z !y fail 9 ?is1 mu/ advanc+ civilization come to a halt & rec$e4 ,political economy & social sci5ce _c tea* any lessons t are n embrac$ 9 ! simple tru?s t 7 taught to poor fi%]m5 & ,jewi% peasants by ,"o :o eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ago 0 crucifi$--! simple tru?s :i*1 b5ea? ! w>p+s ( selfi%ness & ! di/ortions ( sup]/ition1 seem to und]lie e religion t has ev] /riv5 to =mulate ! spiritual ye>n+s ( man4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #dd3 ,*apt] ,,iii1 ,book ,x1 ( ,progress & ,pov]ty2 copyright1 #aijg1 by ,h5ry ,george1 ,ri*>d ,f4 ,george1 & ,anna ,g4 de ,mille4 ,! *apt] is "h repr9t$ by p]mission ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,george1 ,junior1 & ! publi%]s1 ,messrs4 ,d\bl$ay1 ,page & ,company4 ,footnote #de3 ,h[ easy x is = ignorance to pass into contempt & dislike2 h[ natural x is = u to consid] any diff]5ce 9 mann]s1 cu/oms1 religion1 etc41 z pro( ( ! inf]iority ( ^? :o diff] f u1 any "o :o has emancipat$ himself 9 any degree f prejudice1 & :o mixes ) diff]5t classes1 may see 9 civiliz$ society4 ,9 religion1 = in/ance1 ! _s ( ! hymn-- ,i'd r be a ,bapti/1 & we> a %9+ face1 ,?an = to be a ,me?odi/ & always fall f grace1 is obs]vable 9 all d5om9ations4 ,z ! ,engli% ,bi%op said1 ,or?odoxy is my doxy1 & het]odoxy is any o!r doxy1 :ile ! univ]sal t5d5cy is to classify all outside ( ! or?odoxies & het]odoxies ( ! prevail+ religion z hea!ns or a!i/s4 ,& ! l t5d5cy is obs]vable z to all o!r diff]5ces4--,au?or's note4 ,footnote #df3 ,! ,s&wi* ,isl&]s did honor to _! good *iefs by eat+ _! bodies4 ,_! bad & tyrannical *iefs !y w\ld n t\*4 ,! ,new ,zeal&]s _h a notion t by eat+ _! enemies !y acquir$ _! /r5g? & valor4 ,& ?is seems to be ! g5]al orig9 ( eat+ prison]s ( w>4--,au?or's note4 ,,! ,,morals ,,( ,,trade#dg ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] ,on all sides we h f\nd ! result ( long p]sonal exp]i5ce1 to be ! conviction t trade is ess5tially corrupt4 ,9 tones ( disgu/ or disc\ragem5t1 repreh5sion or d]ision1 accord+ to _! sev]al natures1 m5 9 bus9ess h "o aft] ano!r express$ or impli$ ?is belief4 ,omitt+ ! highe/ m]cantile classes1 a few ( ! less common trades1 & ^? exceptional cases :]e an entire comm& ( ! m>ket has be5 obta9$1 ! uni=m te/imony ( compet5t judges is1 t success is incompatible ) /rict integrity4 ,to live 9 ! comm]cial _w x appe>s necess>y to adopt its e?ical code3 nei!r exce$+ nor fall+ %ort ( x--nei!r be+ less hone/ nor m hone/4 ,^? :o s9k bel[ its /&>d are expell$2 :ile ^? :o rise above x are ei!r pull$ d[n to x or ru9$4 ,z1 9 self-def5ce1 ! civilis$ man becomes savage among savages2 s1 x seems t 9 self-def5ce1 ! scrupul\s trad] is oblig$ to become z little scrupul\s z 8 competitors4 ,x has be5 said t ! law ( ! animal creation is--,eat & be eat52 & ( our trad+ community x may be simil>ly said t its law is--,*eat & be *eat$4 ,a sy/em ( ke5 competition1 c>ri$ on1 z x is1 )\t adequate moral re/ra9t1 is v mu* a sy/em ( comm]cial cannibalism4 ,its alt]natives are--,use ! same weapons z y\r antagoni/s1 or be conqu]$ & dev\r$4 ,( que/ions sugge/$ by ^! facts1 "o ( ! mo/ obvi\s is--,are n ! prejudices t h ev] be5 ent]ta9$ aga9/ trade & trad]s1 ?us fully ju/ifi$8 d n ^! meannesses & di%one/ies1 & ! moral degradation !y imply1 w>rant ! disrespect %[n to m5 9 bus9ess8 ,a prompt affirmative answ] w probably be look$ =2 b we v mu* d\bt :e!r x %\ld be giv54 ,we are r ( op9ion t ^! del9qu5cies are products ( ! av]age ,engli% "* plac$ "u special conditions4 ,!re is no good reason = assum+ t ! trad+ classes are intr9sically worse ?an o!r classes4 ,m5 tak5 at r&om f high] & l[] ranks1 w\ld1 mo/ likely1 if simil>ly circum/anc$1 d mu* ! same4 ,inde$ ! m]cantile _w might readily recrim9ate4 ,is x a solicitor :o comm5ts on _! misdo+s8 ,!y may quickly sil5ce him by ref]r+ to ! c\ntless d>k /a9s on ! reputation ( 8 frat]nity4 ,is x a b>ri/]8 ,8 frequ5t practice ( putt+ 9 pleas :i* he kn[s are n valid2 & 8 e/abli%$ habit ( tak+ fees = "w t he does n p]=m2 make 8 criticism some:at suicidal4 ,does ! condemnation come ?r\gh ! press8 ,! condemn$ may rem9d ^? :o write1 ( ! fact t x is n q hone/ to utt] a positive v]dict on a book m]ely glanc$ ?r\gh1 or to p5 gl[+ eulogies on ! m$iocre "w ( a fri5d :ile slight+ ! good "o ( an enemy2 & may fur!r ask :e!r ^? :o1 at ! dictation ( an employ]1 write :at !y disbelieve1 are n guilty ( ! s]i\s (f5ce ( adult]at+ public op9ion4 ,moreov]1 trad]s might cont5d t _m ( _! del9qu5cies are ?ru/ on !m by ! inju/ice ( _! cu/om]s4 ,!y1 & especially drap]s1 might po9t to ! fact t ! habitual dem& = an abatem5t ( price1 is made 9 utt] disreg>d ( _! reasonable pr(its2 & t to protect !mselves aga9/ attempts to ga9 by _! loss1 !y are oblig$ to "n prices great] ?an ^? !y int5d to take4 ,!y might also urge t ! /rait to :i* !y are (t5 br\ght by ! non-paym5t ( acc\nts due f _! weal?i] cu/om]s1 is itself a cause ( _! malpractices3 oblig+ !m1 z x does1 to use all means1 illegitimate z well z legitimate1 = gett+ ! :]e) to meet _! engagem5ts4 ,9 pro( ( ! wrongs inflict$ on !m by ! non-trad+ classes1 !y might in/ance ! well-kn[n cases ( l>ge %opkeep]s 9 ! ,we/-end1 :o h be5 ei!r ru9$ by ! unpunctuality ( _! cu/om]s1 or h be5 oblig$ p]iodically to /op paym5t1 z ! only way ( gett+ _! bills settl$4 ,& !n1 aft] prov+ t ^? )\t excuse %[ ?is disreg>d ( o!r m5's claims1 trad]s might ask :e!r !y1 :o h ! excuse ( hav+ to cont5d ) a m]ciless competition1 are alone to be blam$ if !y display a l disreg>d 9 o!r =ms4 ,nay1 ev5 to ! gu>dians ( social rectitude--memb]s ( ! legislature--!y might use ! tu quoque argum5t3 ask+ :e!r brib]y ( a cu/om]'s s]vant1 is any worse ?an brib]y ( an elector8 or :e!r ! ga9+ ( suffrages by claptrap hu/+s-spee*es1 conta9+ ins9c]e pr(essions adapt$ to ! ta/e ( ! con/itu5cy1 is n z bad z gett+ an ord] = goods by delusive repres5tations respect+ _! quality8 ,no2 x seems probable t close inquiry w\ld %[ few if any classes to be free f immoralities t are z great1 relatively to ! temptations1 z ^? :i* we h be5 expos+4 ,( c\rse !y w n be s petty or s gross :]e ! circum/ances d n prompt pett9ess or grossness2 nor s con/ant & organis$ :]e ! class-conditions h n t5d$ to make !m habitual4 ,b1 tak5 ) ^! qualifications1 we ?9k t mu* might be said = ! proposition t ! trad+ classes1 nei!r bett] nor worse intr9sically ?an o!r classes1 are betray$ into _! flagiti\s habits by ext]nal causes4 ,ano!r "q1 "h naturally aris+1 is--,are n ^! evils gr[+ worse8 ,_m ( ! facts we h cit$ seem to imply t !y are4 ,& yet !re are _m o!r facts :i* po9t z di/9ctly ! o!r way4 ,9 weigh+ ! evid5ce1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d1 t ! mu* great] public att5tion at pres5t paid to su* matt]s1 is itself a s\rce ( error--is apt to g5]ate ! belief t evils n[ becom+ recognis$1 are evils t h rec5tly aris52 :5 9 tru? !y h m]ely be5 hi!rto disreg>d$1 or less reg>d$4 ,x has be5 cle>ly ?us ) crime1 ) di/ress1 ) popul> ignorance2 & x is v probably ?us ) trad+-di%one/ies4 ,z x is true ( individual be+s1 t _! height 9 ! scale ( creation may be measur$ by ! degree ( _! self-consci\sness2 s1 9 a s5se1 x is true ( societies4 ,advanc$ & highly-organis$ societies are di/+ui%$ f l[] ones by ! evolution ( some?+ t /&s = a social self-consci\sness--a consci\sness 9 ea* citiz51 ( ! /ate ( ! aggregate ( citiz5s4 ,among ourselves !re has1 happily1 be5 ( late ye>s a rem>kable gr[? ( ?is social self-consci\sness2 & we believe t to ?is is *iefly ascribable ! impression t comm]cial malpractices are increas+4 ,su* facts z h come d[n to u respect+ ! trade ( pa/ times1 confirm ?is view4 ,9 8 ,complete ,engli% ,tradesman1 ,defoe m5tions1 among o!r manoeuvres ( retail]s1 ! false lights :i* !y introduc$ into _! %ops1 = ! purpose ( giv+ delusive appe>ances to _! goods4 ,he comm5ts on ! %op rhetorick1 ! flux ( falsehoods1 :i* tradesm5 habitually utt]$ to _! cu/om]s2 & quotes _! def5ce z be+ t !y c\ld n live )\t ly+4 ,he says1 too1 t !re 0 sc>ce a %opkeep] :o _h n a bag ( spuri\s or debas$ co91 f :i* he gave *ange :5ev] he c\ld2 & t m51 ev5 ! mo/ hone/1 triumph$ 9 _! skill 9 gett+ rid ( bad money4 ,^! facts %[ t ! m]cantile morals ( t day 71 at any rate1 n bett] ?an ours2 & if we call to m9d ! num]\s ,acts ( ,p>liam5t pass$ 9 old times to prev5t frauds ( all k9ds1 we p]ceive ! l implication4 ,z mu* may1 inde$1 be safely inf]r$ f ! g5]al /ate ( society4 ,:51 reign aft] reign1 gov]nm5ts debas$ ! co9age1 ! moral tone ( ! middle classes c\ld sc>cely h be5 high] ?an n[4 ,among g5]ations ^: sympa?y ) ! claims ( fell[-creatures 0 s weak1 t ! slave-trade 0 n only ?\ght ju/ifiable1 b ! initiator ( x 0 rew>d$ by p]mission to record ! feat 9 8 coat ( arms1 x is h>dly possible t m5 respect$ ! claims ( _! fell[-citiz5s m ?an at pres5t4 ,times *>act]iz$ by an adm9i/ration ( ju/ice s ineffici5t t !re 7 9 ,london ne/s ( crim9als :o defi$ ! law1 & on all high roads robb]s :o elud$ x1 _c h be5 di/+ui%$ by j m]cantile deal+s4 ,:ile1 conv]sely1 an age :i*1 l ours1 has se5 s _m equitable social *anges ?ru/ on ! legislature by public op9ion1 is v unlikely to be an age 9 :i* ! transactions betwe5 individuals h be5 gr[+ m inequitable4 ,yet1 on ! o!r h&1 x is und5iable t _m ( ! di%one/ies we h describ$ are ( mod]n orig94 ,n a few ( !m h become e/abli%$ dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s2 & o!rs are ev5 n[ aris+4 ,h[ are ! seem+ contradictions to be reconcil$8 ,we believe ! reconciliation is n difficult4 ,x lies 9 ! fact t :ile ! great & direct frauds h be5 dim9i%+1 ! small & indirect frauds h be5 increas+3 alike 9 v>iety & 9 numb]4 ,& ?is admission we take to be q consi/5t ) ! op9ion t ! /&>d ( comm]cial morals is high] ?an x 04 ,=1 if we omit1 z exclud$ f ! "q1 ! p5al re/ra9ts--religi\s & legal--& ask :at is ! ultimate moral re/ra9t to ! aggression ( man on man1 we f9d x to be--sympa?y ) ! pa9 inflict$4 ,n[ ! ke5ness ( ! sympa?y1 dep5d+ on ! vividness ) :i* ?is pa9 is realis$1 v>ies ) ! conditions ( ! case4 ,x may be active en\gh to *eck misde$s :i* w cause great suff]+2 & yet n be active en\gh to *eck misde$s :i* w cause b slight annoyance4 ,:ile suffici5tly acute to prev5t a man f do+ t :i* w entail imm$iate injury on a giv5 p]son1 x may n be suffici5tly acute to prev5t him f do+ t :i* w entail remote injuries on unkn[n p]sons4 ,& we f9d ! facts to agree ) ?is d$uction1 t ! moral re/ra9t v>ies accord+ to ! cle>ness ) :i* ! evil consequ5ces are conceiv$4 ,_m a "o :o w\ld %r9k f pick+ a pocket does n scruple to adult]ate 8 goods2 & he :o nev] dreams ( pass+ base co91 w yet be a p>ty to jo9t-/ock-bank deceptions4 ,h5ce1 z we say1 ! multiplication ( ! m subtle & complex =ms ( fraud1 is consi/5t ) a g5]al progress 9 morality2 provid$ x is accompani$ ) a decrease 9 ! gross] =ms ( fraud4 ,b ! "q :i* mo/ conc]ns u is1 n :e!r ! morals ( trade are bett] or worse ?an !y h be51 b r--:y are !y s bad8 ,:y 9 ?is civilis$ /ate ( ours1 is !re s mu* t betrays ! cunn+ selfi%ness ( ! savage8 ,:y1 aft] ! c>eful inculcations ( rectitude dur+ education1 comes !re 9 aft]life all ?is knav]y8 ,:y1 9 spite ( all ! exhortations to :i* ! comm]cial classes li/5 e ,sunday1 d !y next morn+ recomm5ce _! evil de$s8 ,:at is ?is s pot5t ag5cy :i* almo/ neutralises ! discipl9e ( education1 ( law1 ( religion8 ,v>i\s subsidi>y causes t might be assign$1 mu/ be pass$ ov]1 t we may h space to deal ) ! *ief cause4 ,9 an exhau/ive /atem5t1 some?+ w\ld h to be said on ! cr$ulity ( consum]s1 :i* leads !m to believe 9 repres5tations ( impossible advantages2 & some?+1 too1 on _! gre$9ess1 :i*1 ev] prompt+ !m to look = m ?an !y ought to get1 enc\rages ! sell]s to (f] delusive b>ga9s4 ,! increas$ difficulty ( liv+ consequ5t on gr[+ pressure ( population1 might p]haps come 9 z a "p cause2 & t great] co/ ( br++ up a family1 :i* results f ! high] /&>d ( education1 might be add$4 ,b all ^! are relatively insignificant4 ,! great incit] ( ^! trad+ malpractices is1 int5se desire = weal?4 ,& if we ask--,:y ?is int5se desire8 ! reply is--,x results f ! indiscrim9ate respect paid to weal?4 ,to be di/+ui%$ f ! common h]d--to be somebody--to make a "n1 a position--?is is ! univ]sal ambition2 & to accumulate ri*es1 is alike ! sure/ & ! easie/ way ( fulfill+ ?is ambition4 ,v e>ly 9 life all le>n ?is4 ,at s*ool1 ! c\rt paid to "o ^: p>5ts h call$ 9 _! c>riage to see him1 is conspicu\s2 :ile ! poor boy1 ^: insuffici5t /ock ( clo!s implies ! small means ( 8 family1 soon has burnt into 8 memory ! fact t pov]ty is contemptible4 ,on ent]+ ! _w1 ! lessons t may h be5 taught ab\t ! nobility ( self-sacrifice1 ! rev]5ce due to g5ius1 ! admirabl5ess ( high integrity1 are quickly neutralis$ by exp]i5ce3 m5's actions prov+ t ^! are n _! /&>ds ( respect4 ,x is soon p]ceiv$ t :ile abundant outw>d m>ks ( def]5ce f fell[-citiz5s1 may almo/ c]ta9ly be ga9$ by direct+ e en]gy to ! accumulation ( prop]ty1 !y are b r>ely to be ga9$ 9 any o!r way2 & t ev5 9 ! few cases :]e !y are o!rwise ga9$1 !y are n giv5 ) entire unres]ve2 b are commonly jo9$ ) a m or less manife/ display ( patronage4 ,:51 see+ ?is1 ! "y man fur!r sees t :ile ! acquisition ( prop]ty is q possible ) 8 m$iocre end[m5ts1 ! acquirem5t ( di/9ction by brilliant discov]ies1 or h]oic acts1 or high a*ievem5ts 9 art1 implies faculties & feel+s :i* he does n possess2 x is n difficult to und]/& :y he devotes himself he>t & s\l to bus9ess4 ,we d n mean to say t m5 act on ! consci\sly reason$-out conclusions ?us indicat$2 b we mean t ^! conclusions are ! unconsci\sly-=m$ products ( _! daily exp]i5ce4 ,f e>ly *ildhood1 ! say+s & do+s ( all ar\nd !m h g5]at$ ! idea t weal? & respectability are two sides ( ! same ?+4 ,?is idea1 gr[+ ) _! gr[?1 & /r5g!n+ ) _! /r5g?1 becomes at la/ almo/ :at we may call an organic conviction4 ,& ?is organic conviction x is1 :i* prompts ! exp5diture ( all _! en]gies 9 money-mak+4 ,we cont5d t ! *ief /imulus is n ! desire = ! weal? itself2 b = ! applause & position :i* ! weal? br+s4 ,& 9 ?is belief1 we f9d ourselves at "o ) v>i\s intellig5t trad]s ) :om we h talk$ on ! matt]4 ,x is incr$ible t m5 %\ld make ! sacrifices1 m5tal & bodily1 :i* !y d1 m]ely to get ! mat]ial b5efits :i* money pur*ases4 ,:o w\ld und]take an extra burd5 ( bus9ess = ! purpose ( gett+ a cell> ( *oice w9es = 8 own dr9k+8 ,he :o does x1 does x t he may h *oice w9es to give 8 gue/s & ga9 _! praises4 ,:at m]*ant w\ld sp5d an additional h\r at 8 (fice daily1 m]ely t he might move into a l>g] h\se 9 a bett] qu>t]8 ,9 s f> z heal? & com=t are conc]n$1 he kn[s he w be a los] by ! ex*ange2 & w\ld nev] be induc$ to make x1 7 x n = ! increas$ social consid]ation :i* ! new h\se w br+ him4 ,:]e is ! man :o w\ld lie awake at nights devis+ means ( increas+ 8 income 9 ! hope ( be+ able to provide 8 wife ) a c>riage1 7 ! use ( ! c>riage ! sole consid]ation8 ,x is because ( ! clat :i* ! c>riage w give1 t he ent]s on ^! additional anxieties4 ,s manife/1 s trite1 inde$1 are ^! tru?s1 t we %\ld be a%am$ ( insi/+ on !m1 did n our argum5t require x4 ,= if ! desire = t homage :i* weal? br+s1 is ! *ief /imulus to ^! /riv+s aft] weal?1 !n is ! giv+ ( ?is homage 7:5 giv51 z x is1 ) b little discrim9ation7 ! *ief cause ( ! di%one/ies into :i* ^! /riv+s betray m]cantile m54 ,:5 ! %opkeep]1 on ! /r5g? ( a prosp]\s ye> & fav\rable prospects1 has yield$ to 8 wife's p]suasions1 & replac$ ! old furniture ) new1 at an outlay great] ?an 8 income cov]s--:51 in/ead ( ! hop$-= increase1 ! next ye> br+s a decrease 9 8 returns--:5 he f9ds t 8 exp5ses are out-runn+ 8 rev5ue2 !n does he fall "u ! /ronge/ temptation to adopt "s newly-introduc$ adult]ation or o!r malpractice4 ,:51 hav+ by display ga9$ a c]ta9 recognition1 ! :olesale trad] beg9s to give d9n]s appropriate only to ^? ( t5 times 8 income1 ) exp5sive o!r ent]ta9m5ts to mat*--:51 hav+ = a "t c>ri$ on ?is /yle at a co/ great] ?an he c af=d1 he f9ds t he _c discont9ue x )\t giv+ up 8 position3 !n is he mo/ /rongly prompt$ to ent] into l>g] transactions2 to trade beyond 8 means2 to seek undue cr$it2 to get into t ev]-complicat+ s]ies ( misde$s1 :i* ends 9 disgraceful bankruptcy4 ,& if ^! are ! facts--! und5iable facts--!n is x an unavoidable conclusion t ! bl9d admiration :i* society gives to m]e weal?1 & ! display ( weal?1 is ! *ief s\rce ( ^! multitud9\s immoralities4 ,yes1 ! evil is deep] ?an appe>s--draws its nutrim5t f f> bel[ ! surface4 ,?is gigantic sy/em ( di%one/y1 bran*+ out into e conceivable =m ( fraud1 has roots t run und]nea? our :ole social fabric1 &1 s5d+ fibres into e h\se1 suck up /r5g? f our daily say+s & do+s4 ,9 e d9+-room a rootlet f9ds food1 :5 ! conv]sation turns on ,s-&-s's successful speculations1 8 pur*ase ( an e/ate1 8 probable wor?--on ?is man's rec5t l>ge legacy1 & ! o!r's advantage\s mat*2 = be+ ?us talk$ ab\t is "o =m ( t tacit respect :i* m5 /ruggle =4 ,e draw+-room furni%es n\ri%m5t1 9 ! admiration aw>d$ to co/l9ess--to silks t are ri*1 t is1 exp5sive2 to dresses t conta9 an enorm\s quantity ( mat]ial1 t is1 are exp5sive2 to laces t are h&made1 t is1 exp5sive2 to diamonds t are r>e1 t is1 exp5sive2 to *9a t is old1 t is1 exp5sive4 ,& f scores ( small rem>ks & m9utiae ( behavi\r1 :i*1 9 all circles1 h\rly imply h[ completely ! idea ( respectability involves t ( co/ly ext]nals1 !re is drawn fre% pabulum4 ,we are all implicat$4 ,we all1 :e!r ) self-approbation or n1 give expression to ! e/abli%$ feel+4 ,ev5 he :o disapproves ?is feel+1 f9ds himself unable to treat virtue 9 ?readb>e app>el ) a cordiality z great z t :i* he w\ld %[ to ! same virtue end[$ ) prosp]ity4 ,sc>cely a man is to be f\nd :o w\ld n behave ) m civility to a knave 9 broadclo? ?an to a knave 9 fu/ian4 ,?\gh = ! def]5ce :i* !y h %[n to ! vulg> ri*1 or ! di%one/ly successful1 m5 aft]w>ds comp\nd ) _! consci5ces by privately v5t+ _! contempt2 yet :5 !y aga9 come face to face ) ^! impos+ ext]nals cov]+ wor?lessness1 !y d z be=e4 ,& s long z impos+ wor?lessness gets ! visible m>ks ( respect1 :ile ! disrespect felt = x is hidd51 x naturally fl\ri%es4 ,h5ce1 !n1 is x t m5 p]sev]e 9 ^! evil practices :i* all condemn4 ,!y c s pur*ase a homage1 :i* if n g5u9e1 is yet1 s f> z appe>ances g1 z good z ! be/4 ,to "o ^: weal? has be5 ga9$ by a life ( frauds1 :at matt]s x t 8 "n is 9 all circles a synonym ( rogu]y8 ,has he n be5 conspicu\sly hon\r$ by be+ twice elect$ mayor ( 8 t[n8 7we /ate a fact7 & does n ?is1 jo9$ to ! p]sonal consid]ation %[n him1 outweigh 9 8 e/imation all t is said aga9/ him3 ( :i* he he>s sc>cely any?+8 ,:51 n _m ye>s aft] ! exposure ( 8 inequitable deal+1 a trad] atta9s to ! highe/ civic di/9ction :i* ! k+dom has to (f]2 & t1 too1 ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ^? :o be/ "k 8 del9qu5cy2 is n ! fact an enc\ragem5t to him1 & to all o!rs1 to sacrifice rectitude to aggr&isem5t8 ,if1 aft] li/5+ to a s]mon t has by implication d5\nc$ ! di%one/ies he has be5 guilty (1 ! ri* ill-do] f9ds1 on leav+ *ur*1 t 8 neighb\rs cap to him2 does n ?is tacit approval g f> to neutralise ! effect ( all he has he>d8 ,! tru? is1 t ) ! great majority ( m51 ! visible expression ( social op9ion is f> ! mo/ effici5t ( inc5tives & re/ra9ts4 ,let any "o :o wi%es to e/imate ! /r5g? ( ?is control1 propose to himself to walk ?r\gh ! /reets 9 ! dress ( a du/man1 or hawk vegetables f door to door4 ,let him feel1 z he probably w1 t he _h r d some?+ morally wrong ?an commit su* a brea* ( usage1 & suff] ! result+ d]ision4 ,& he w !n bett] e/imate h[ p[]ful a curb to m5 is ! op5 disapproval ( _! fell[s2 & h[1 conv]sely1 ! outw>d applause ( _! fell[s is a /imulus surpass+ all o!rs 9 int5sity4 ,fully realis+ :i* facts1 he w see t ! immoralities ( trade are 9 great "p traceable to an immoral public op9ion4 ,let none inf]1 f :at has be5 said1 t ! paym5t ( respect to weal? rightly acquir$ & rightly us$1 is deprecat$4 ,9 its orig9al mean+1 & 9 due degree1 ! feel+ :i* prompts su* respect is good4 ,prim>ily1 weal? is ! sign ( m5tal p[]2 & ?is is always respectable4 ,to h hone/ly-acquir$ prop]ty1 implies intellig5ce1 en]gy1 self-control2 & ^! are wor?y ( ! homage t is indirectly paid to !m by admir+ _! results4 ,moreov]1 ! good adm9i/ration & increase ( inh]it$ prop]ty1 also requires its virtues2 & !re=e dem&s its %>e ( approbation4 ,& besides be+ applaud$ = _! display ( faculty1 m5 :o ga9 & increase weal? are to be applaud$ z public b5efactors4 ,= he :o z manufactur] or m]*ant1 has1 )\t inju/ice to o!rs1 realis$ a =tune1 is !reby prov$ to h dis*>g$ 8 functions bett] ?an ^? :o h be5 less successful4 ,by great] skill1 bett] judgm5t1 or m economy ?an 8 competitors1 he has af=d$ ! public great] advantages4 ,8 extra pr(its are b a %>e ( ! extra produce obta9$ by ! same exp5diture3 ! o!r %>e go+ to ! consum]s4 ,& simil>ly1 ! l&[n] :o1 by judici\s outlay1 has increas$ ! value 7t is1 ! productiv5ess7 ( 8 e/ate1 has !reby add$ to ! /ock ( national capital4 ,by all means1 !n1 let ! "r acquisition & prop] use ( weal?1 h _! due %>e ( admiration4 ,b t :i* we condemn z ! *ief cause ( comm]cial di%one/y1 is ! indiscrim9ate admiration ( weal?--an admiration t has little or no ref]5ce to ! "* ( ! possessor4 ,:51 z v g5]ally happ5s1 ! ext]nal signs are rev]5c$1 :]e !y signify no int]nal wor?9ess--nay1 ev5 :]e !y cov] int]nal unwor?9ess2 !n does ! feel+ become vici\s4 ,x is ?is idolatry :i* wor%ips ! symbol ap>t f ! ?+ symbolis$1 t is ! root ( all ^! evils we h be5 expos+4 ,s long z m5 pay homage to ^? social b5efactors :o h gr[n ri* hone/ly1 !y give a :olesome /imulus to indu/ry2 b :5 !y accord a %>e ( _! homage to ^? social malefactors :o h gr[n ri* di%one/ly1 !n d !y fo/] corruption--!n d !y become accomplices 9 all ^! frauds ( comm]ce4 ,z = rem$y1 x manife/ly foll[s t !re is none save a purifi$ public op9ion4 ,:5 t abhorr5ce :i* society n[ %[s to direct !ft1 is %[n to !ft ( all degrees ( indirectness1 !n w ^! m]cantile vices disappe>4 ,:5 n only ! trad] :o adult]ates or gives %ort measure1 b also ! m]*ant :o ov]-trades1 ! bank-director :o c\nt5ances an exagg]at$ report1 & ! railway-director :o repudiates 8 gu>antee1 come to be reg>d$ z ( ! same g5us z ! pickpocket1 & are treat$ ) l disda92 !n w ! morals ( trade become :at !y %\ld be4 ,we h little hope1 h[ev]1 t any su* high] tone ( public op9ion w %ortly be rea*$4 ,! pres5t condition ( ?+s appe>s to be1 9 great measure1 a necess>y accompanim5t ( our pres5t phase ( progress4 ,?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w1 especially 9 ,engl&1 & above all 9 ,am]ica1 social activity is almo/ :olly exp5d$ 9 mat]ial developm5t4 ,to subjugate ,nature1 & br+ ! p[]s ( production & di/ribution to _! highe/ p]fection1 is ! task ( our age2 & probably ( _m future ages4 ,& z 9 times :5 national def5ce & conque/ 7 ! *ief desid]ata1 milit>y a*ievem5t 0 hon\r$ above all o!r ?+s2 s n[1 :5 ! *ief desid]atum is indu/rial gr[?1 hon\r is mo/ conspicu\sly giv5 to t :i* g5]ally indicates ! aid+ ( indu/rial gr[?4 ,! ,engli% nation at pres5t displays :at we may call ! comm]cial dia!sis2 & ! undue admiration = weal? appe>s to be its concomitant--a relation /ill m conspicu\s 9 ! wor%ip ( ! almighty doll> by ! ,am]icans4 ,& :ile ! comm]cial dia!sis1 ) its accompany+ /&>d ( di/9ction1 cont9ues1 we fe> ! evils we h be5 del9eat+ c be b p>tially cur$4 ,x seems hopeless to expect t m5 w di/+ui% betwe5 t weal? :i* repres5ts p]sonal sup]iority & b5efits done to society1 f t :i* does n4 ,! symbols1 ! ext]nals1 h all ! _w ?r\gh sway$ ! masses2 & mu/ long cont9ue to d s4 ,ev5 ! cultivat$1 :o are on _! gu>d aga9/ ! bias ( associat$ ideas1 & try to sep>ate ! real f ! seem+1 _c escape ! influ5ce ( curr5t op9ion4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 cont5t ourselves ) look+ = a sl[ amelioration4 ,some?+1 h[ev]1 may ev5 n[ be done by vigor\s prote/ aga9/ adoration ( m]e success4 ,& x is important t x %\ld be done1 consid]+ h[ ?is vici\s s5tim5t is be+ fo/]$4 ,:5 we h "o ( our lead+ morali/s prea*+1 ) increas+ vehem5ce1 ! doctr9e ( sanctification by =ce--:5 we are told t :ile a selfi%ness tr\bl$ ) qualms ( consci5ce is contemptible1 a selfi%ness int5se en\gh to trample d[n e ?+ 9 ! unscrupul\s pursuit ( its ends1 is wor?y ( all admiration--:5 we f9d t if x be suffici5tly great1 p[]1 no matt] ( :at k9d or h[ direct$1 is held up = our rev]5ce2 we may fe> le/ ! preval5t applause ( m]e success1 toge!r ) ! comm]cial vices :i* x /imulates1 %\ld be increas$ r ?an dim9i%$4 ,n at all by ?is h]o-wor%ip gr[n into brute-wor%ip1 is society to be made bett]2 b by exactly ! opposite--by a /]n criticism ( ! means ?r\gh :i* success has be5 a*iev$2 & by accord+ hon\r to ! high] & less selfi% modes ( activity4 ,& happily ! signs ( ?is m moral public op9ion are already %[+ !mselves4 ,x is becom+ a tacitly-receiv$ doctr9e t ! ri* %\ld n1 z 9 by-gone times1 sp5d _! lives 9 p]sonal gratification2 b %\ld devote !m to ! g5]al welf>e4 ,ye> by ye> is ! improvem5t ( ! p occupy+ a l>g] %>e ( ! att5tion ( ! upp] classes4 ,ye> by ye> are !y volunt>ily devot+ m & m en]gy to fur!r+ ! mat]ial & m5tal progress ( ! masses4 ,& ^? among !m :o d n jo9 9 ! dis*>ge ( ^! high functions1 are beg9n+ to be look$ ^u ) m or less contempt by _! own ord]4 ,?is late/ & mo/ hopeful fact 9 human hi/ory--?is new & bett] *ivalry--promises to evolve a high] /&>d ( hon\r2 & s to ameliorate _m evils3 among o!rs ^? :i* we h detail$4 ,:5 weal? obta9$ by illegitimate means inevitably br+s no?+ b disgrace--:5 to weal? rightly acquir$ is accord$ only its due %>e ( homage1 :ile ! greate/ homage is giv5 to ^? :o consecrate _! en]gies & _! means to ! noble/ ends2 !n may we be sure t along ) o!r accompany+ b5efits1 ! morals ( trade w be greatly purifi$4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #dg3 ,f ,essays3 ,moral1 ,political & ,ae/hetic1 #ahfd4 ,,on ,,! ,,physical ,,basis ,,( ,,life#dh ,,?omas ,,h5ry ,,huxley ,9 ord] to make ! title ( ?is disc\rse g5]ally intelligible1 ,i h translat$ ! t]m ,protoplasm1 :i* is ! sci5tific "n ( ! sub/ance ( :i* ,i am ab\t to speak1 by ! words ! physical basis ( life4 ,i suppose t1 to _m1 ! idea t !re is su* a ?+ z a physical basis1 or matt]1 ( life may be novel--s widely spread is ! conception ( life z a some?+ :i* works ?r\gh matt]1 b is indep5d5t ( x2 & ev5 ^? :o are aw>e t matt] & life are insep>ably connect$1 may n be prep>$ = ! conclusion pla9ly sugge/$ by ! phrase1 ! physical basis or matt] ( life1 t !re is "s "o k9d ( matt] :i* is common to all liv+ be+s1 & t _! endless div]sities are b\nd toge!r by a physical1 z well z an ideal1 unity4 ,9 fact1 :5 fir/ appreh5d$1 su* a doctr9e z ?is appe>s almo/ %ock+ to common s5se4 ,:at1 truly1 c seem to be m obvi\sly diff]5t f "o ano!r1 9 faculty1 9 =m1 & 9 sub/ance1 ?an ! v>i\s k9ds ( liv+ be+s8 ,:at community ( faculty c !re be betwe5 ! brightly-col\r$ li*51 :i* s ne>ly resembles a m]e m9]al incru/ation ( ! b>e rock on :i* x gr[s1 & ! pa9t]1 to :om x is in/9ct ) beauty1 or ! botani/1 :om x fe$s ) k8 ,aga91 ?9k ( ! microscopic fungus--a m]e inf9itesimal ovoid p>ticle1 :i* f9ds space & duration en\gh to multiply into c\ntless millions 9 ! body ( a liv+ fly2 & !n ( ! weal? ( foliage1 ! luxuriance ( fl[] & fruit1 :i* lies betwe5 ?is bald sket* ( a plant & ! giant p9e ( ,cali=nia1 t[]+ to ! dim5sions ( a ca!dral spire1 or ! ,indian fig1 :i* cov]s acres ) its pr(\nd %ad[1 & endures :ile nations & empires come & g ar\nd its va/ circumf]5ce4 ,or1 turn+ to ! o!r half ( ! _w ( life1 picture to y\rselves ! great ,f9n] :ale1 huge/ ( bea/s t live1 or h liv$1 disport+ 8 eighty or n9ety feet ( bone1 muscle1 & blubb]1 ) easy roll1 among waves 9 :i* ! /\te/ %ip t ev] left docky>d w\ld fl\nd] hopelessly2 & contra/ him ) ! invisible animalcules--m]e gelat9\s specks1 multitudes ( :i* c\ld1 9 fact1 dance ^u ! po9t ( a ne$le ) ! same ease z ! angels ( ! ,s*oolm5 c\ld1 9 imag9ation4 ,) ^! images be=e y\r m9ds1 y may well ask1 :at community ( =m1 or /ructure1 is !re betwe5 ! animalcule & ! :ale2 or betwe5 ! fungus & ! fig-tree8 ,&1 =tiori#di1 betwe5 all f\r8 ,f9ally1 if we reg>d sub/ance1 or mat]ial composition1 :at hidd5 bond c connect ! fl[] :i* a girl we>s 9 h] hair & ! blood :i* c\rses ?r\gh h] y\?ful ve9s2 or1 :at is !re 9 common betwe5 ! d5se & resi/+ mass ( ! oak1 or ! /rong fabric ( ! tortoise1 & ^? broad disks ( glassy jelly :i* may be se5 pulsat+ ?r\gh ! wat]s ( a calm sea1 b :i* dra9 away to m]e films 9 ! h& :i* raises !m out ( _! elem5t8 ,su* objections z ^! mu/1 ,i ?9k1 arise 9 ! m9d ( e "o :o pond]s1 = ! fir/ "t1 ^u ! conception ( a s+le physical basis ( life und]ly+ all ! div]sities ( vital exi/5ce2 b ,i propose to demon/rate to y t1 not)/&+ ^! app>5t difficulties1 a ?reefold unity--namely1 a unity ( p[] or faculty1 a unity ( =m1 & a unity ( sub/antial composition--does p]vade ! :ole liv+ _w4 ,no v ab/ruse argum5tation is ne$$1 9 ! fir/ place1 to prove t ! p[]s1 or faculties1 ( all k9ds ( liv+ matt]1 div]se z !y may be 9 degree1 are sub/antially simil> 9 k9d4 ,goe! has cond5s$ a survey ( all p[]s ( mank9d into ! well-kn[n epigram3-- ,w>um treibt si* das ,volk s und s*reit8 ,es w si* ernhr51 ,k9d] zeug51 und die nhr5 s gut es v]mag4 99 99 99 99 99 ,weit] br+t es ke9 ,m5s*1 /ell' er si* wie er au* w4#ej ,9 physiological language ?is means1 t all ! multif>i\s & complicat$ activities ( man are compreh5sible "u ?ree categories4 ,ei!r !y are imm$iately direct$ t[>ds ! ma9t5ance & developm5t ( ! body1 or !y effect transitory *anges 9 ! relative positions ( p>ts ( ! body1 or !y t5d t[>ds ! cont9uance ( ! species4 ,ev5 ^? manife/ions ( intellect1 ( feel+1 & ( w1 :i* we rightly "n ! high] faculties1 are n exclud$ f ?is classification1 inasmu* z to e "o b ! subject ( !m1 !y are kn[n only z transitory *anges 9 ! relative positions ( p>ts ( ! body4 ,spee*1 ge/ure1 & e o!r =m ( human action are1 9 ! long run1 resolvable into muscul> contraction1 & muscul> contraction is b a transitory *ange 9 ! relative positions ( ! p>ts ( a muscle4 ,b ! s*eme :i* is l>ge en\gh to embrace ! activities ( ! highe/ =m ( life1 cov]s all ^? ( ! l[] creatures4 ,! l[e/ plant1 or animalcule1 fe$s1 gr[s1 & reproduces its k9d4 ,9 addition1 all animals manife/ ^? transitory *anges ( =m :i* we class "u irritability & contractility2 & x is m ?an probable t :5 ! vegetable _w is ?or\ghly explor$1 we %all f9d all plants 9 possession ( ! same p[]s1 at "o "t or o!r ( _! exi/5ce4 ,i am n n[ allud+ to su* ph5om5a1 at once r>e & conspicu\s1 z ^? exhibit$ by ! leaflets ( ! s5sitive plants1 or ! /am5s ( ! b>b]ry1 b to mu* m widely spread1 & at ! same "t1 m subtle & hidd51 manife/ions ( vegetable contractility4 ,y are d\btless aw>e t ! common nettle owes its /++ prop]ty to ! innum]able /iff & ne$le-l1 ?\gh exquisitely delicate1 hairs :i* cov] its surface4 ,ea* /++-ne$le tap]s f a broad base to a sl5d] summit1 :i*1 ?\gh r\nd$ at ! end1 is ( su* microscopic f95ess t x readily p5etrates1 & breaks (f 91 ! sk94 ,! :ole hair consi/s ( a v delicate out] case ( wood1 closely appli$ to ! inn] surface ( :i* is a lay] ( semi-fluid matt]1 full ( innum]able granules ( extreme m9ut5ess4 ,?is semi-fluid l9+ is protoplasm1 :i* ?us con/itutes a k9d ( bag1 full ( a limpid liquid1 & r\ghly correspond+ 9 =m ) ! int]ior ( ! hair :i* x fills4 ,:5 view$ ) a suffici5tly high magnify+ p[]1 ! protoplasmic lay] ( ! nettle hair is se5 to be 9 a condition ( unceas+ activity4 ,local contractions ( ! :ole ?ickness ( its sub/ance pass sl[ly & gradually f po9t to po9t1 & give rise to ! appe>ance ( progressive waves1 j z ! b5d+ ( successive /alks ( corn by a breeze produces ! app>5t bill[s ( a corn-field4 ,b1 9 addition to ^! movem5ts1 & indep5d5tly ( !m1 ! granules are driv51 9 relatively rapid /reams1 ?r\gh *annels 9 ! protoplasm :i* seem to h a consid]able am\nt ( p]si/5ce4 ,mo/ commonly1 ! curr5ts 9 adjac5t p>ts ( ! protoplasm take simil> directions2 &1 ?us1 !re is a g5]al /ream up "o side ( ! hair & d[n ! o!r4 ,b ?is does n prev5t ! exi/5ce ( p>tial curr5ts :i* take diff]5t r\tes2 & sometimes tra9s ( granules may be se5 c\rs+ swiftly 9 opposite directions )9 a tw5ty-?\s&? ( an in* ( "o ano!r2 :ile1 occasionally1 opposite /reams come into direct collision1 &1 aft] a long] or %ort] /ruggle1 "o pr$om9ates4 ,! cause ( ^! curr5ts seems to lie 9 contractions ( ! protoplasm :i* b\nds ! *annels 9 :i* !y fl[1 b :i* are s m9ute t ! be/ microscopes %[ only _! effects1 & n !mselves4 ,! spectacle af=d$ by ! wond]ful en]gies prison$ )9 ! compass ( ! microscopic hair ( a plant1 :i* we commonly reg>d z a m]ely passive organism1 is n easily =gott5 by "o :o has wat*$ its display1 cont9u$ h\r aft] h\r1 )\t pause or sign ( weak5+4 ,! possible complexity ( _m o!r organic =ms1 seem+ly z simple z ! protoplasm ( ! nettle1 dawns ^u "o2 & ! comp>ison ( su* a protoplasm to a body ) an int]nal circulation1 :i* has be5 put =w>d by an em95t physiologi/1 loses mu* ( its />tl+ "*4 ,curr5ts simil> to ^? ( ! hairs ( ! nettle h be5 obs]v$ 9 a great multitude ( v diff]5t plants1 & weighty au?orities h sugge/$ t !y probably occur1 9 m or less p]fection1 9 all "y vegetable cells4 ,if su* be ! case1 ! wond]ful noonday sil5ce ( a tropical =e/ is1 aft] all1 due only to ! dullness ( our he>+2 & c\ld our e>s cat* ! murmur ( ^! t9y ,mael/roms1 z !y :irl 9 ! innum]able myriads ( liv+ cells :i* con/itute ea* tree1 we %\ld be /unn$1 z ) ! ro> ( a great city4 ,among ! l[] plants1 x is ! rule r ?an ! exception1 t contractility %\ld be /ill m op5ly manife/$ at "s p]iods ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! protoplasm ( ,algae & ,fungi becomes1 "u _m circum/ances1 p>tially1 or completely1 fre$ f its woody case1 & exhibits movem5ts ( its :ole mass1 or is propell$ by ! contractility ( "o1 or m1 hair-l prolongations ( its body1 :i* are call$ vibratile cilia4 ,&1 s f> z ! conditions ( ! manife/ation ( ! ph5om5a ( contractility h yet be5 /udi$1 !y are ! same = ! plant z = ! animal4 ,heat & electric %ocks influ5ce bo?1 & 9 ! same way1 ?\gh x may be 9 diff]5t degrees4 ,x is by no means my int5tion to sugge/ t !re is no diff]5ce 9 faculty betwe5 ! l[e/ plant & ! highe/1 or betwe5 plants & animals4 ,b ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! p[]s ( ! l[e/ plant1 or animal1 & ^? ( ! highe/1 is "o ( degree1 n ( k9d1 & dep5ds1 z ,milne-,edw>ds long ago s well po9t$ out1 ^u ! ext5t to :i* ! pr9ciple ( ! division ( lab\r is c>ri$ out 9 ! liv+ economy4 ,9 ! l[e/ organism all p>ts are compet5t to p]=m all functions1 & "o & ! same portion ( protoplasm may successfully take on ! function ( fe$+1 mov+1 or reproduc+ app>atus4 ,9 ! highe/1 on ! contr>y1 a great numb] ( p>ts comb9e to p]=m ea* function1 ea* "p do+ its allott$ %>e ( ! "w ) great accuracy & effici5cy1 b be+ useless = any o!r purpose4 ,on ! o!r h&1 not)/&+ all ! fundam5tal resemblances :i* exi/ betwe5 ! p[]s ( ! protoplasm 9 plants & 9 animals1 !y pres5t a /rik+ diff]5ce 7to :i* ,i %all adv]t m at l5g? pres5tly71 9 ! fact t plants c manufacture fre% protoplasm out ( m9]al comp\nds1 :]eas animals are oblig$ to procure x ready made1 & h5ce1 9 ! long run1 dep5d ^u plants4 ,^u :at condition ?is diff]5ce 9 ! p[]s ( ! two great divisions ( ! _w ( life dep5ds1 no?+ is at pres5t kn[n4 ,) su* qualifications z arise out ( ! la/-m5tion$ fact1 x may be truly said t ! acts ( all liv+ ?+s are fundam5tally "o4 ,is any su* unity pr$icable ( _! =ms8 ,let u seek 9 easily v]ifi$ facts = a reply to ?is "q4 ,if a drop ( blood be drawn by prick+ "o's f+]1 & view$ ) prop] precautions1 & "u a suffici5tly high microscopic p[]1 !re w be se51 among ! innum]able multitude ( little1 circul>1 discoidal bodies1 or corpuscles1 :i* float 9 x & give x its col\r1 a comp>atively small numb] ( col\rless corpuscles1 ( some:at l>g] size & v irregul> %ape4 ,if ! drop ( blood be kept at ! temp]ature ( ! body1 ^! col\rless corpuscles w be se5 to exhibit a m>vell\s activity1 *ang+ _! =ms ) great rapidity1 draw+ 9 & ?ru/+ out prolongations ( _! sub/ance1 & creep+ ab\t z if !y 7 indep5d5t organisms4 ,! sub/ance :i* is ?us active is a mass ( protoplasm1 & its activity diff]s 9 detail1 r ?an 9 pr9ciple1 f t ( ! protoplasm ( ! nettle4 ,"u sundry circum/ances ! corpuscle dies & becomes di/5d$ into a r\nd mass1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* is se5 a small] sph]ical body1 :i* exi/$1 b 0 m or less hidd51 9 ! liv+ corpuscle1 & is call$ its nucleus4 ,corpuscles ( ess5tially simil> /ructure are to be f\nd 9 ! sk91 9 ! l9+ ( ! m\?1 & scatt]$ ?r\gh ! :ole framework ( ! body4 ,nay1 m3 9 ! e>lie/ condition ( ! human organism1 9 t /ate 9 :i* x has b j become di/+ui%able f ! egg 9 :i* x arises1 x is no?+ b an aggregation ( su* corpuscles1 & e organ ( ! body 01 once1 no m ?an su* an aggregation4 ,?us a nucleat$ mass ( protoplasm turns out to be :at may be t]m$ ! /ructural unit ( ! human body4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! body1 9 its e>lie/ /ate1 is a m]e multiple ( su* units2 & 9 its p]fect condition1 x is a multiple ( su* units1 v>i\sly modifi$4 ,b does ! =mula :i* expresses ! ess5tial /ructural "* ( ! highe/ animal cov] all ! re/1 z ! /atem5t ( its p[]s & faculties cov]$ t ( all o!rs8 ,v ne>ly4 ,bea/ & f[l1 reptile & fi%1 mollusk1 worm1 & polype1 are all compos$ ( /ructural units ( ! same "*1 namely1 masses ( protoplasm ) a nucleus4 ,!re are sundry v l[ animals1 ea* ( :i*1 /ructurally1 is a m]e col\rless blood-corpuscle1 lead+ an indep5d5t life4 ,b1 at ! v bottom ( ! animal scale1 ev5 ?is simplicity becomes simplifi$1 & all ! ph5om5a ( life are manife/$ by a p>ticle ( protoplasm )\t a nucleus4 ,nor are su* organisms insignificant by reason ( _! want ( complexity4 ,x is a fair "q :e!r ! protoplasm ( ^? simple/ =ms ( life1 :i* p an imm5se ext5t ( ! bottom ( ! sea1 w\ld n outweigh t ( all ! high] liv+ be+s :i* inhabit ! l& put toge!r4 ,& 9 anci5t times1 no less ?an at ! pres5t day1 su* liv+ be+s z ^! h be5 ! greate/ ( rock build]s4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! animal _w is no less true ( plants4 ,imb$d$ 9 ! protoplasm at ! broad1 or atta*$1 end ( ! nettle hair1 !re lies a sph]oidal nucleus4 ,c>eful exam9ation fur!r proves t ! :ole sub/ance ( ! nettle is made up ( a repetition ( su* masses ( nucleat$ protoplasm1 ea* conta9$ 9 a wood5 case1 :i* is modifi$ 9 =m1 sometimes into a woody fibre1 sometimes into a duct or spiral vessel1 sometimes into a poll5 gra91 or an ovule4 ,trac$ back to its e>lie/ /ate1 ! nettle arises z ! man does1 9 a p>ticle ( nucleat$ protoplasm4 ,& 9 ! l[e/ plants1 z 9 ! l[e/ animals1 a s+le mass ( su* protoplasm may con/itute ! :ole plant1 or ! protoplasm may exi/ )\t a nucleus4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x may well be ask$1 h[ is "o mass ( non-nucleat$ protoplasm to be di/+ui%$ f ano!r8 :y call "o plant & ! o!r animal8 ,! only reply is t1 s f> z =m is conc]n$1 plants & animals are n sep>able1 & t1 9 _m cases1 x is a m]e matt] ( conv5tion :e!r we call a giv5 organism an animal or a plant4 ,!re is a liv+ body call$ ,ae?alium septicum1 :i* appe>s ^u decay+ vegetable sub/ances1 &1 9 "o ( its =ms1 is common ^u ! surfaces ( tan-pits4 ,9 ?is condition x is1 to all int5ts & purposes1 a fungus1 & =m]ly 0 always reg>d$ z su*2 b ! rem>kable inve/igations ( ,de ,b>y h %[n t1 9 ano!r condition1 ! ,ae?alium is an actively locomotive creature1 & takes 9 solid matt]s1 ^u :i*1 app>5tly1 x fe$s1 ?us exhibit+ ! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( animality4 ,is ?is a plant2 or is x an animal8 ,is x bo?2 or is x nei!r8 ,"s decide 9 fav\r ( ! la/ supposition1 & e/abli% an int]m$iate k+dom1 a sort ( biological ,no ,man's ,l& = all ^! que/ionable =ms4 ,b1 z x is admitt$ly impossible to draw any di/9ct b\nd>y l9e betwe5 ?is no man's l& & ! vegetable _w on ! "o h&1 or ! animal on ! o!r1 x appe>s to me t ?is proce$+ m]ely d\bles ! difficulty :i*1 be=e1 0 s+le4 ,protoplasm1 simple or nucleat$1 is ! =mal basis ( all life4 ,x is ! clay ( ! pott]3 :i*1 bake x & pa9t x z he w1 rema9s clay1 sep>at$ by artifice1 & n by nature1 f ! commone/ brick or sun-dri$ clod4 ,?us x becomes cle> t all liv+ p[]s are cognate1 & t all liv+ =ms are fundam5tally ( "o "*4 ,! rese>*es ( ! *emi/ h reveal$ a no less /rik+ uni=mity ( mat]ial composition 9 liv+ matt]4 ,9 p]fect /rictness1 x is true t *emical inve/igation c tell u little or no?+1 directly1 ( ! composition ( liv+ matt]1 inasmu* z su* matt] mu/ ne$s die 9 ! act ( analysis1--& ^u ?is v obvi\s gr\nd1 objections1 :i* ,i confess seem to me to be some:at frivol\s1 h be5 rais$ to ! draw+ ( any conclusions :atev] respect+ ! composition ( actually liv+ matt]1 f t ( ! dead matt] ( life1 :i* alone is accessible to u4 ,b objectors ( ?is class d n seem to reflect t x is also1 9 /rictness1 true t we "k no?+ ab\t ! composition ( any body :atev]1 z x is4 ,! /atem5t t a cry/al ( calc-sp> consi/s ( c>bonate ( lime1 is q true1 if we only mean t1 by appropriate processes1 x may be resolv$ into c>bonic acid & quicklime4 ,if y pass ! same c>bonic acid ov] ! v quicklime ?us obta9$1 y w obta9 c>bonate ( lime aga92 b x w n be calc-sp>1 nor any?+ l x4 ,c x1 !re=e1 be said t *emical analysis tea*es no?+ ab\t ! *emical composition ( calc-sp>8 ,su* a /atem5t w\ld be absurd2 b x is h>dly m s ?an ! talk "o occasionally he>s ab\t ! uselessness ( apply+ ! results ( *emical analysis to ! liv+ bodies :i* h yield$ !m4 ,"o fact1 at any rate1 is out ( rea* ( su* ref9em5ts1 & ?is is1 t all ! =ms ( protoplasm :i* h yet be5 exam9$ conta9 ! f\r elem5ts1 c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & nitrog51 9 v complex union1 & t !y behave simil>ly t[>ds sev]al reag5ts4 ,to ?is complex comb9ation1 ! nature ( :i* has nev] be5 det]m9$ ) exactness1 ! "n ( ,prote9 has be5 appli$4 ,& if we use ?is t]m ) su* caution z may prop]ly arise out ( our comp>ative ignorance ( ! ?+s = :i* x /&s1 x may be truly said t all protoplasm is prote9ace\s1 or1 z ! :ite1 or album51 ( an egg is "o ( ! commone/ examples ( a ne>ly pure prote9e matt]1 we may say t all liv+ matt] is m or less album9oid4 ,p]haps x w\ld n yet be safe to say t all =ms ( protoplasm are affect$ by ! direct action ( electric %ocks2 & yet ! numb] ( cases 9 :i* ! contraction ( protoplasm is %[n to be affect$ by ?is ag5cy increases e day4 ,nor c x be affirm$ ) p]fect confid5ce1 t all =ms ( protoplasm are liable to und]go t peculi> coagulation at a temp]ature ( #dj-ej ,c5tigrade1 :i* has be5 call$ heat-/iff5+1 ?\gh ,khne's beautiful rese>*es h prov$ ?is occurr5ce to take place 9 s _m & su* div]se liv+ be+s1 t x is h>dly ra% to expect t ! law holds good = all4 ,en\gh has1 p]haps1 be5 said1 to prove ! exi/5ce ( a g5]al uni=mity 9 ! "* ( ! protoplasm1 or physical basis1 ( life1 9 :atev] gr\p ( liv+ be+s x may be /udi$4 ,b x w be und]/ood t ?is g5]al uni=mity by no means excludes any am\nt ( special modifications ( ! fundam5tal sub/ance4 ,! m9]al1 c>bonate ( lime1 assumes an imm5se div]sity ( *>act]s1 ?\gh no "o d\bts t1 "u all ^! ,protean *anges1 is "o & ! same ?+4 ,& n[1 :at is ! ultimate fate1 & :at ! orig91 ( ! matt] ( life8 ,is x1 z "s ( ! old] naturali/s suppos$1 diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se 9 molecules1 :i* are inde/ructible & un*angeable 9 !mselves2 b1 9 endless transmigration1 unite 9 innum]able p]mutations1 into ! div]sifi$ =ms ( life we "k8 ,or1 is ! matt] ( life compos$ ( ord9>y matt]1 diff]+ f x only 9 ! mann] 9 :i* its atoms are aggregat$8 ,is x built up ( ord9>y matt]1 & aga9 resolv$ into ord9>y matt] :5 its "w is done8 ,mod]n sci5ce does n hesitate a mom5t betwe5 ^! alt]natives4 ,physiology writes ov] ! portals ( life-- ,debemur morti nos no/raque1#ea ) a pr(\nd] mean+ ?an ! ,roman poet atta*$ to t melan*oly l9e4 ,"u :atev] disguise x takes refuge1 :e!r fungus or oak1 worm or man1 ! liv+ protoplasm n only ultimately dies & is resolv$ into its m9]al & lifeless con/itu5ts1 b is always dy+1 &1 /range z ! p>adox may s\nd1 c\ld n live unless x di$4 ,9 ! wond]ful /ory ( ! ,peau de ,*agr91 ! h]o becomes possess$ ( a magical wild ass' sk91 :i* yields him ! means ( gratify+ all 8 wi%es4 ,b its surface repres5ts ! duration ( ! proprietor's life2 & = e satisfi$ desire ! sk9 %r9ks 9 proportion to ! int5sity ( fruition1 until at l5g? life & ! la/ h&brea? ( ! peau de *agr91 disappe> ) ! gratification ( a la/ wi%4 ,balzac's /udies _h l$ him ov] a wide range ( ?\ght & speculation1 & 8 %ad[+ =? ( physiological tru? 9 ?is /range /ory may h be5 int5tional4 ,at any rate1 ! matt] ( life is a v]itable peau de *agr91 & = e vital act x is some:at ! small]4 ,all "w implies wa/e1 & ! "w ( life results1 directly or indirectly1 9 ! wa/e ( protoplasm4 ,e ^w utt]$ by a speak] co/s him "s physical loss2 &1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 he burns t o!rs may h light--s mu* eloqu5ce1 s mu* ( 8 body resolv$ into c>bonic acid1 wat]1 & urea4 ,x is cle> t ?is process ( exp5diture _c g on =ev]4 ,b1 happily1 ! protoplasmic peau de *agr9 diff]s f ,balzac's 9 its capacity ( be+ repair$1 & br\ght back to its full size1 aft] e ex]tion4 ,= example1 ?is pres5t lecture1 :atev] its intellectual wor? to y1 has a c]ta9 physical value to me1 :i* is1 conceivably1 expressible by ! numb] ( gra9s ( protoplasm & o!r bodily sub/ance wa/$ 9 ma9ta9+ my vital processes dur+ its deliv]y4 ,my peau de *agr9 w be di/9ctly small] at ! end ( ! disc\rse ?an x 0 at ! beg9n+4 ,by & by1 ,i %all probably h rec\rse to ! sub/ance commonly call$ mutton1 = ! purpose ( /ret*+ x back to its orig9al size4 ,n[ ?is mutton 0 once ! liv+ protoplasm1 m or less modifi$1 ( ano!r animal--a %eep4 ,z ,i %all eat x1 x is ! same matt] alt]$1 n only by dea?1 b by exposure to sundry artificial op]ations 9 ! process ( cook+4 ,b ^! *anges1 :atev] be _! ext5t1 h n r5d]$ x incompet5t to resume its old functions z matt] ( life4 ,a s+ul> inw>d laboratory1 :i* ,i possess1 w dissolve a c]ta9 portion ( ! modifi$ protoplasm2 ! solution s =m$ w pass into my ve9s2 & ! subtle influ5ces to :i* x w !n be subject$ w conv]t ! dead protoplasm into liv+ protoplasm1 & transub/antiate %eep into man4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,if dige/ion 7 a ?+ to be trifl$ )1 ,i might sup ^u lob/]1 & ! matt] ( life ( ! cru/acean w\ld und]go ! same wond]ful metamorphosis into humanity4 ,& 7 ,i to return to my own place by sea1 & und]go %ipwreck1 ! cru/acean might1 & probably w\ld1 return ! complim5t1 & demon/rate our common nature by turn+ my protoplasm into liv+ lob/]4 ,or1 if no?+ bett] 7 to be _h1 ,i might supply my wants ) m]e bread1 & ,i %\ld f9d ! protoplasm ( ! :eat-plant to be conv]tible into man ) no m tr\ble ?an t ( ! %eep1 & ) f> less1 ,i fancy1 ?an t ( ! lob/]4 ,h5ce x appe>s to be a matt] ( no great mom5t :at animal1 or :at plant1 ,i lay "u contribution = protoplasm1 & ! fact speaks volumes = ! g5]al id5tity ( t sub/ance 9 all liv+ be+s4 ,i %>e ?is ca?olicity ( assimilation ) o!r animals1 all ( :i*1 s f> z we "k1 c\ld ?rive equally well on ! protoplasm ( any ( _! fell[s1 or ( any plant2 b "h ! assimilative p[]s ( ! animal _w cease4 ,a solution ( smell+-salts 9 wat]1 ) an inf9itesimal proportion ( "s o!r sal9e matt]s1 conta9s all ! elem5t>y bodies :i* ent] into ! composition ( protoplasm2 b1 z ,i ne$ h>dly say1 a hog%ead ( t fluid w\ld n keep a hungry man f />v+1 nor w\ld x save any animal :atev] f a l fate4 ,an animal _c make protoplasm1 b mu/ take x ready-made f "s o!r animal1 or "s plant--! animal's highe/ feat ( con/ructive *emi/ry be+ to conv]t dead protoplasm into t liv+ matt] ( life :i* is appropriate to itself4 ,!re=e1 9 seek+ = ! orig9 ( protoplasm1 we mu/ ev5tually turn to ! vegetable _w4 ,a fluid conta9+ c>bonic acid1 wat]1 & nitrog5\s salts1 :i* (f]s su* a ,b>mecide fea/#eb to ! animal1 is a table ri*ly spread to multitudes ( plants2 &1 ) a due supply ( only su* mat]ials1 _m a plant w n only ma9ta9 itself 9 vig\r1 b gr[ & multiply until x has increas$ a million-fold1 or a million million-fold1 ! quantity ( protoplasm :i* x orig9ally possess$2 9 ?is way build+ up ! matt] ( life1 to an indef9ite ext5t1 f ! common matt] ( ! univ]se4 ,?us1 ! animal c only raise ! complex sub/ance ( dead protoplasm to ! high] p[]1 z "o may say1 ( liv+ protoplasm2 :ile ! plant c raise ! less complex sub/ances--c>bonic acid1 wat]1 & nitrog5\s salts--to ! same /age ( liv+ protoplasm1 if n to ! same level4 ,b ! plant also has its limitations4 ,"s ( ! fungi1 = example1 appe> to ne$ high] comp\nds to />t )2 & no kn[n plant c live ^u ! uncomp\nd$ elem5ts ( protoplasm4 ,a plant suppli$ ) pure c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & nitrog51 phosphorus1 sulphur1 & ! l1 w\ld z infallibly die z ! animal 9 8 ba? ( smell+-salts1 ?\gh x w\ld be surr\nd$ by all ! con/itu5ts ( protoplasm4 ,nor1 inde$1 ne$ ! process ( simplification ( vegetable food be c>ri$ s f> z ?is1 9 ord] to arrive at ! limit ( ! plant's ?aumaturgy4 ,let wat]1 c>bonic acid1 & all ! o!r ne$ful con/itu5ts be suppli$ except nitrog5\s salts1 & an ord9>y plant w /ill be unable to manufacture protoplasm4 ,?us ! matt] ( life1 s f> z we "k x 7& we h no "r to speculate on any o!r71 breaks up1 9 consequ5ce ( t cont9ual dea? :i* is ! condition ( its manife/+ vitality1 into c>bonic acid1 wat]1 & nitrog5\s comp\nds1 :i* c]ta9ly possess no prop]ties b ^? ( ord9>y matt]4 ,& out ( ^! same =ms ( ord9>y matt]1 & f none :i* are simpl]1 ! vegetable _w builds up all ! protoplasm :i* keeps ! animal _w a-go+4 ,plants are ! accumulators ( ! p[] :i* animals di/ribute & disp]se4 ,b x w be obs]v$1 t ! exi/5ce ( ! matt] ( life dep5ds on ! pre-exi/5ce ( c]ta9 comp\nds2 namely1 c>bonic acid1 wat]1 & c]ta9 nitrog5\s bodies4 ,)draw any "o ( ^! ?ree f ! _w1 & all vital ph5om5a come to an end4 ,!y are z necess>y to ! protoplasm ( ! plant1 z ! protoplasm ( ! plant is to t ( ! animal4 ,c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & nitrog5 are all lifeless bodies4 ,( ^!1 c>bon & oxyg5 unite 9 c]ta9 proportions & "u c]ta9 conditions1 to give rise to c>bonic acid2 hydrog5 & oxyg5 produce wat]2 nitrog5 & o!r elem5ts give rise to nitrog5\s salts4 ,^! new comp\nds1 l ! elem5t>y bodies ( :i* !y are compos$1 are lifeless4 ,b :5 !y are br\ght toge!r1 "u c]ta9 conditions1 !y give rise to ! /ill m complex body1 protoplasm1 & ?is protoplasm exhibits ! ph5om5a ( life4 ,i see no break 9 ?is s]ies ( /eps 9 molecul> complication1 & ,i am unable to und]/& :y ! language :i* is applicable to any "o t]m ( ! s]ies may n be us$ to any ( ! o!rs4 ,we ?9k fit to call diff]5t k9ds ( matt] c>bon1 oxyg51 hydrog51 & nitrog51 & to speak ( ! v>i\s p[]s & activities ( ^! sub/ances z ! prop]ties ( ! matt] ( :i* !y are compos$4 ,:5 hydrog5 & oxyg5 are mix$ 9 a c]ta9 proportion1 & an electric sp>k is pass$ ?r\gh !m1 !y disappe>1 & a quantity ( wat]1 equal 9 weight to ! sum ( _! weights1 appe>s 9 _! place4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ p>ity betwe5 ! passive & active p[]s ( ! wat] & ^? ( ! oxyg5 & hydrog5 :i* h giv5 rise to x4 ,at #cb ,fahr5heit1 & f> bel[ t temp]ature1 oxyg5 & hydrog5 are ela/ic gase\s bodies1 ^: p>ticles t5d to ru% away f "o ano!r ) great =ce4 ,wat]1 at ! same temp]ature1 is a /rong ?\gh brittle solid1 ^: p>ticles t5d to coh]e into def9ite geometrical %apes1 & sometimes build up fro/y imitations ( ! mo/ complex =ms ( vegetable foliage4 ,nev]!less we call ^!1 & _m o!r /range ph5om5a1 ! prop]ties ( ! wat]1 & we d n hesitate to believe t1 9 "s way or ano!r1 !y result f ! prop]ties ( ! compon5t elem5ts ( ! wat]4 ,we d n assume t a some?+ call$ aquosity ent]$ into & took possession ( ! oxidat$ hydrog5 z soon z x 0 =m$1 & !n guid$ ! aque\s p>ticles to _! places 9 ! facets ( ! cry/al1 or among/ ! leaflets ( ! ho>-fro/4 ,on ! contr>y1 we live 9 ! hope & 9 ! fai? t1 by ! advance ( molecul> physics1 we %all by & by be able to see our way z cle>ly f ! con/itu5ts ( wat] to ! prop]ties ( wat]1 z we are n[ able to d$uce ! op]ations ( a wat* f ! =m ( its p>ts & ! mann] 9 :i* !y are put toge!r4 ,is ! case 9 any way *ang$ :5 c>bonic acid1 wat]1 & nitrog5\s salts disappe>1 & 9 _! place1 "u ! influ5ce ( pre-exi/+ liv+ protoplasm1 an equival5t weight ( ! matt] ( life makes its appe>ance8 ,x is true t !re is no sort ( p>ity betwe5 ! prop]ties ( ! compon5ts & ! prop]ties ( ! resultant1 b nei!r 0 !re 9 ! case ( ! wat]4 ,x is also true t :at ,i h spok5 ( z ! influ5ce ( pre-exi/+ liv+ matt] is some?+ q un9telligible2 b does anybody q compreh5d ! modus op]&i#ec ( an electric sp>k1 :i* trav]ses a mixture ( oxyg5 & hydrog58 ,:at ju/ification is !re1 !n1 = ! assumption ( ! exi/5ce 9 ! liv+ matt] ( a some?+ :i* has no repres5tative1 or correlative1 9 ! n liv+ matt] :i* gave rise to x8 ,:at bett] philosophical /atus has vitality ?an aquosity8 ,& :y %\ld vitality hope = a bett] fate ?an ! o!r itys :i* h disappe>$ s9ce ,m>t9us ,scribl]us acc\nt$ = ! op]ation ( ! meat-jack by its inh]5t meat-roa/+ quality1 & scorn$ ! mat]ialism ( ^? :o expla9$ ! turn+ ( ! spit by a c]ta9 me*anism work$ by ! draught ( ! *imney8 ,if sci5tific language is to possess a def9ite & con/ant signification :5ev] x is employ$1 x seems to me t we are logically b\nd to apply to ! protoplasm1 or physical basis ( life1 ! same conceptions z ^? :i* are held to be legitimate else:]e4 ,if ! ph5om5a exhibit$ by wat] are its prop]ties1 s are ^? pres5t$ by protoplasm1 liv+ or dead1 its prop]ties4 ,if ! prop]ties ( wat] may be prop]ly said to result f ! nature & disposition ( its compon5t molecules1 ,i c f9d no intelligible gr\nd = refus+ to say t ! prop]ties ( protoplasm result f ! nature & disposition ( its molecules4 ,b ,i bid y bew>e t1 9 accept+ ^! conclusions1 y are plac+ y\r feet on ! fir/ rung ( a ladd] :i*1 9 mo/ p's e/imation1 is ! rev]se ( ,jacob's & leads to ! antipodes ( heav54 ,x may seem a small ?+ to admit t ! dull vital actions ( a fungus1 or a =am9if]1 are ! prop]ties ( _! protoplasm1 & are ! direct results ( ! nature ( ! matt] ( :i* !y are compos$4 ,b if1 z ,i h endeav\r$ to prove to y1 _! protoplasm is ess5tially id5tical )1 & mo/ readily conv]t$ into1 t ( any animal1 ,i c discov] no logical halt+-place betwe5 ! admission t su* is ! case1 & ! fur!r concession t all vital action may1 ) equal propriety1 be said to be ! result ( ! molecul> =ces ( ! protoplasm :i* displays x4 ,& if s1 x mu/ be true1 9 ! same s5se & to ! same ext5t1 t ! ?\ghts to :i* ,i am n[ giv+ utt]ance1 & y\r ?\ghts reg>d+ !m1 are ! expression ( molecul> *anges 9 t matt] ( life :i* is ! s\rce ( our o!r vital ph5om5a4 ,pa/ exp]i5ce leads me to be tol]ably c]ta9 t1 :5 ! propositions ,i h j plac$ be=e y are accessible to public comm5t & criticism1 !y w be condemn$ by _m zeal\s p]sons1 & p]haps by "s few ( ! wise & ?\ghtful4 ,i %\ld n wond] if gross & brutal mat]ialism 7 ! milde/ phrase appli$ to !m 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s4 ,&1 mo/ und\bt$ly1 ! t]ms ( ! propositions are di/9ctly mat]iali/ic4 ,nev]!less two ?+s are c]ta93 ! "o1 t ,i hold ! /atem5ts to be sub/antially true2 ! o!r1 t ,i1 individually1 am no mat]iali/1 b1 on ! contr>y1 believe mat]ialism to involve grave philosophical error4 ,?is union ( mat]iali/ic t]m9ology ) ! repudiation ( mat]iali/ic philosophy ,i %>e ) "s ( ! mo/ ?\ghtful m5 ) :om ,i am acqua9t$4 ,&1 :5 ,i fir/ und]took to deliv] ! pres5t disc\rse1 x appe>$ to me to be a fitt+ opportunity to expla9 h[ su* a union is n only consi/5t )1 b necessitat$ by1 s\nd logic4 ,i purpos$ to lead y ?r\gh ! t]ritory ( vital ph5om5a to ! mat]iali/ic sl\gh 9 :i* y f9d y\rselves n[ plung$1 & !n to po9t out to y ! sole pa? by :i*1 9 my judgm5t1 extrication is possible4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u suppose t k is absolute1 & n relative1 & !re=e1 t our conception ( matt] repres5ts t :i* x really is4 ,let u suppose1 fur!r1 t we d "k m ( cause & effect ?an a c]ta9 def9ite ord] ( succession among facts1 & t we h a k ( ! necessity ( t succession--& h5ce1 ( necess>y laws--& ,i1 = my "p1 d n see :at escape !re is f utt] mat]ialism & necess>ianism4 ,= x is obvi\s t our k ( :at we call ! mat]ial _w is1 to beg9 )1 at lea/ z c]ta9 & def9ite z t ( ! spiritual _w1 & t our acqua9tance ) law is ( z old a date z our k ( spontaneity4 ,fur!r1 ,i take x to be demon/rable t x is utt]ly impossible to prove t any?+ :atev] may n be ! effect ( a mat]ial & necess>y cause1 & t human logic is equally incompet5t to prove t any act is really spontane\s4 ,a really spontane\s act is "o :i*1 by ! assumption1 has no cause2 & ! attempt to prove su* a negative z ?is is1 on ! face ( ! matt]1 absurd4 ,& :ile x is ?us a philosophical impossibility to demon/rate t any giv5 ph5om5on is n ! effect ( a mat]ial cause1 any "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( sci5ce w admit1 t its progress has1 9 all ages1 meant1 & n[1 m ?an ev]1 means1 ! ext5sion ( ! prov9ce ( :at we call matt] & causation1 & ! concomitant gradual bani%m5t f all regions ( human ?\ght ( :at we call _s & spontaneity4 ,i h endeav\r$1 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is disc\rse1 to give y a conception ( ! direction t[>ds :i* mod]n physiology is t5d+2 & ,i ask y1 :at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! conception ( life z ! product ( a c]ta9 disposition ( mat]ial molecules1 & ! old notion ( an ,ar*aeus#ed gov]n+ & direct+ bl9d matt] )9 ea* liv+ body1 except ?is--t "h1 z else:]e1 matt] & law h dev\r$ _s & spontaneity8 ,& z surely z e future gr[s out ( pa/ & pres5t1 s w ! physiology ( ! future gradually ext5d ! realm ( matt] & law until x is co-ext5sive ) k1 ) feel+1 & ) action4 ,! consci\sness ( ?is great tru? weighs l a nightm>e1 ,i believe1 ^u _m ( ! be/ m9ds ( ^! days4 ,!y wat* :at !y conceive to be ! progress ( mat]ialism1 9 su* fe> & p[]less ang] z a savage feels :51 dur+ an eclipse1 ! great %ad[ creeps ov] ! face ( ! sun4 ,! advanc+ tide ( matt] ?reat5s to dr[n _! s\ls2 ! tight5+ grasp ( law imp$es _! fre$om2 !y are al>m$ le/ man's moral nature be debas$ by ! increase ( 8 wisdom4 ,if ! ,new ,philosophy be wor?y ( ! reprobation ) :i* x is visit$1 ,i confess _! fe>s seem to me to be well f\nd$4 ,:ile1 on ! contr>y1 c\ld ,david ,hume be consult$1 ,i ?9k he w\ld smile at _! p]plexities1 & *ide !m = do+ ev5 z ! hea!n1 & fall+ d[n 9 t]ror be=e ! hide\s idols _! own h&s h rais$4 ,=1 aft] all1 :at d we "k ( ?is t]rible matt]1 except z a "n = ! unkn[n & hypo!tical cause ( /ates ( our own consci\sness8 ,& :at d we "k ( t _s ov] ^: ?reat5$ ext9ction by matt] a great lam5tation is aris+1 l t :i* 0 he>d at ! dea? ( ,pan1 except t x is also a "n = an unkn[n & hypo!tical cause1 or condition1 ( /ates ( consci\sness8 ,9 o!r words1 matt] & _s are b names = ! imag9>y sub/rata ( gr\ps ( natural ph5om5a4 ,& :at is ! dire necessity & iron law "u :i* m5 groan8 ,truly1 mo/ gratuit\sly inv5t$ bugbe>s4 ,i suppose if !re be an iron law1 x is t ( gravitation2 & if !re be a physical necessity1 x is t a /one1 unsupport$1 mu/ fall to ! gr\nd4 ,b :at is all we really "k1 & c "k1 ab\t ! latt] ph5om5on8 ,simply1 t1 9 all human exp]i5ce1 /ones h fall5 to ! gr\nd "u ^! conditions2 t we h n ! smalle/ reason = believ+ t any /one s circum/anc$ w n fall to ! gr\nd2 & t we h1 on ! contr>y1 e reason to believe t x w s fall4 ,x is v conv5i5t to indicate t all ! conditions ( belief h be5 fulfill$ 9 ?is case1 by call+ ! /atem5t t unsupport$ /ones w fall to ! gr\nd1 a law ( ,nature4 ,b :51 z commonly happ5s1 we *ange w into mu/1 we introduce an idea ( necessity :i* mo/ assur$ly does n lie 9 ! obs]v$ facts1 & has no w>ranty t ,i c discov] else:]e4 ,= my "p1 ,i utt]ly repudiate & ana!matise ! intrud]4 ,fact ,i "k2 & ,law ,i "k2 b :at is ?is ,necessity save an empty %ad[ ( my own m9d's ?r[+8 ,b1 if x is c]ta9 t we c h no k ( ! nature ( ei!r matt] or _s1 & t ! notion ( necessity is some?+ illegitimately ?ru/ into ! p]fectly legitimate conception ( law1 ! mat]iali/ic position t !re is no?+ 9 ! _w b matt]1 =ce1 & necessity1 is z utt]ly devoid ( ju/ification z ! mo/ baseless ( !ological dogmas4 ,! fundam5tal doctr9es ( mat]ialism1 l ^? ( spiritualism1 & mo/ o!r isms1 lie outside ! limits ( philosophical inquiry1 & ,david ,hume's great s]vice to humanity is 8 irrefragable demon/ration ( :at ^! limits are4 ,hume call$ himself a sceptic1 & !re=e o!rs _c be blam$ if !y apply ! same title to him2 b t does n alt] ! fact t ! "n1 ) its exi/+ implications1 does him gross inju/ice4 ,if a man asks me :at ! politics ( ! inhabitants ( ! moon are1 & ,i reply t ,i d n "k2 t nei!r ,i1 nor any "o else1 has any means ( kn[+2 & t1 "u ^! circum/ances1 ,i decl9e to tr\ble myself ab\t ! subject at all2 ,i d n ?9k he has any "r to call me a sceptic4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 reply+ ?us1 ,i conceive t ,i am simply hone/ & tru?ful1 & %[ a prop] reg>d = ! economy ( "t4 ,s ,hume's /rong & subtle intellect takes up a great _m problems ab\t :i* we are naturally curi\s1 & %[s u t !y are ess5tially que/ions ( lun> politics1 9 _! ess5ce incapable ( be+ answ]$1 & !re=e n wor? ! att5tion ( m5 :o h "w to d 9 ! _w4 ,& he ?us ends "o ( 8 essays3-- ,if we take 9 h& any volume ( ,div9ity1 or s*ool metaphysics1 = in/ance1 let u ask1 ,does x conta9 any ab/ract reason+ conc]n+ quantity or numb]8 ,no4 ,does x conta9 any exp]im5tal reason+ conc]n+ matt] ( fact & exi/5ce8 ,no4 ,commit x !n to ! flames2 = x c conta9 no?+ b sophi/ry & illusion4#ee ,p]mit me to en=ce ?is mo/ wise advice4 ,:y tr\ble ourselves ab\t matt]s ( :i*1 h[ev] important !y may be1 we d "k no?+1 & c "k no?+8 ,we live 9 a _w :i* is full ( mis]y & ignorance1 & ! pla9 duty ( ea* & all ( u is to try to make ! little corn] he c influ5ce some:at less mis]able & some:at less ignorant ?an x 0 be=e he ent]$ x4 ,to d ?is effectually x is necess>y to be fully possess$ ( only two beliefs3 ! fir/1 t ! ord] ( ,nature is asc]ta9able by our faculties to an ext5t :i* is practically unlimit$2 ! second1 t our volition#ef c\nts = some?+ z a condition ( ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,ea* ( ^! beliefs c be v]ifi$ exp]im5tally1 z (t5 z we l to try4 ,ea*1 !re=e1 /&s ^u ! /ronge/ f\ndation ^u :i* any belief c re/1 & =ms "o ( our highe/ tru?s4 ,if we f9d t ! asc]ta9m5t ( ! ord] ( nature is facilitat$ by us+ "o t]m9ology1 or "o set ( symbols1 r ?an ano!r1 x is our cle> duty to use ! =m]2 & no h>m c accrue1 s long z we be> 9 m9d t we are deal+ m]ely ) t]ms & symbols4 ,9 itself x is ( little mom5t :e!r we express ! ph5om5a ( matt] 9 t]ms ( _s2 or ! ph5om5a ( _s 9 t]ms ( matt]3 matt] may be reg>d$ z a =m ( ?\ght1 ?\ght may be reg>d$ z a prop]ty ( matt]--ea* /atem5t has a c]ta9 relative tru?4 ,b ) a view to ! progress ( sci5ce1 ! mat]iali/ic t]m9ology is 9 e way to be pref]r$4 ,= x connects ?\ght ) ! o!r ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 & sugge/s inquiry into ! nature ( ^? physical conditions1 or concomitants ( ?\ght1 :i* are m or less accessible to u1 & a k ( :i* may1 9 future1 help u to ex]cise ! same k9d ( control ov] ! _w ( ?\ght z we already possess 9 respect ( ! mat]ial _w2 :]eas1 ! alt]native1 or spirituali/ic1 t]m9ology is utt]ly b>r51 & leads to no?+ b obscurity & confusion ( ideas4 ,?us !re c be little d\bt1 t ! fur!r sci5ce advances1 ! m ext5sively & consi/5tly w all ! ph5om5a ( ,nature be repres5t$ by mat]iali/ic =mulae & symbols4 ,b ! man ( sci5ce1 :o1 =gett+ ! limits ( philosophical inquiry1 slides f ^! =mulae & symbols into :at is commonly und]/ood by mat]ialism1 seems to me to place himself on a level ) ! ma!matician :o %\ld mi/ake ! x's & y's ) :i* he works 8 problems1 = real entities--& ) ?is fur!r disadvantage1 z comp>$ ) ! ma!matician1 t ! blund]s ( ! latt] are ( no practical consequ5ce1 :ile ! errors ( sy/ematic mat]ialism may p>alyse ! en]gies & de/roy ! beauty ( a life4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #dh3 ,! sub/ance ( ?is pap] 0 conta9$ 9 an address :i* 0 deliv]$ 9 ,ed9burgh 9 #ahfh4 ,! pap] 0 publi%$ 9 ,lay ,s]mons1 #ahgj4 ,footnote #di3 =tiori3 ) /rong] reason4 ,footnote #ej3 ,:y does ! populace ru% s & make clamor8 ,x wi%es to eat1 br+ =? *ildr51 & fe$ ^! z well z x may4444 ,no man c d bett]1 /rive h[ he w4 ,footnote #ea3 ,we & ours mu/ die4 ,footnote #eb3 ,9 "o ( ! ,arabian ,nights /ories1 a nobleman call$ ,b>mecide set be=e a begg> a numb] ( empty di%es suppos$ to conta9 a fea/4 ,footnote #ec3 ,mode ( work+4 ,footnote #ed3 ,ar*aeus3 a _s1 hav+ ess5tially ! same =m z ! body )9 :i* x resid$4 ,footnote #ee3 ,hume's ,essay ,( ! ,academical or ,sceptical ,philosophy1 9 ! ,inquiry conc]n+ ! ,human ,und]/&+4--,_m critics ( ?is passage seem to =get t ! subject-matt] ( ,e?ics & ,ae/hetics consi/s ( matt]s ( fact & exi/5ce4--#ahib4--;,au?or's note4 ,footnote #ef3 ,or1 to speak m accurately1 ! physical /ate ( :i* volition is ! expression4--#ahib4--;,au?or's note4 ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,! ,,m5tal ,,p[]s ,,( ,,man ,,& ,,! ,,l[] ,,animals#eg ,,*>les ,,d>w9 ,my object 9 ?is *apt] is to %[ t !re is no fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 man & ! high] mammals 9 _! m5tal faculties4 ,ea* division ( ! subject might h be5 ext5d$ into a sep>ate essay1 b mu/ "h be treat$ briefly4 ,z no classification ( ! m5tal p[]s has be5 univ]sally accept$1 ,i %all arrange my rem>ks 9 ! ord] mo/ conv5i5t = my purpose2 & w select ^? facts :i* h /ruck me mo/1 ) ! hope t !y may produce "s effect on ! read]4 ,z man possesses ! same s5ses z ! l[] animals1 8 fundam5tal intuitions mu/ be ! same4 ,man has also "s few in/9cts 9 common1 z t ( self-pres]vation1 sexual love1 ! love ( ! "m = h] new-born (fspr+1 ! desire possess$ by ! latt] to suck1 & s =?4 ,b man1 p]haps1 has some:at few] in/9cts3 ?an ^? possess$ by ! animals :i* come next to him 9 ! s]ies4 ,! orang 9 ! ,ea/]n isl&s & ! *impanzee 9 ,africa build plat=ms on :i* !y sleep2 & z bo? species foll[ ! same habit1 x might be argu$ t ?is 0 due to in/9ct1 b we _c feel sure t x is n ! result ( bo? animals hav+ simil> wants & possess+ simil> p[]s ( reason+4 ,^! apes1 z we may assume1 avoid ! _m poison\s fruits ( ! tropics1 & man has no su* k2 b z our dome/ic animals1 :5 tak5 to =eign l&s1 & :5 fir/ turn$ out 9 ! spr+1 (t5 eat poison\s h]bs1 :i* !y aft]w>d avoid1 we _c feel sure t ! apes d n le>n f _! own exp]i5ce or f t ( _! p>5ts :at fruits to select4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 c]ta91 z we %all pres5tly see1 t apes h an in/9ctive dread ( s]p5ts1 & probably ( o!r dang]\s animals4 ,! fewness & ! comp>ative simplicity ( ! in/9cts 9 ! high] animals are rem>kable 9 contra/ ) ^? ( ! l[] animals4 ,cuvi] ma9ta9$ t in/9ct & intellig5ce /& 9 an inv]se ratio to ea* o!r2 & "s h ?\ght t ! intellectual faculties ( ! high] animals h be5 gradually develop$ f _! in/9cts4 ,b ,p\*et1 9 an int]e/+ essay1 has %[n t no su* inv]se ratio really exi/s4 ,^? insects :i* possess ! mo/ wond]ful in/9cts are c]ta9ly ! mo/ intellig5t4 ,9 ! v]tebrate s]ies1 ! lea/ intellig5t memb]s1 namely fi%es & amphibians1 d n possess complex in/9cts2 & among mammals ! animal mo/ rem>kable = its in/9cts1 namely ! beav]1 is highly intellig5t1 z w be admitt$ by e "o :o has read ,mr4 ,morgan's excell5t "w4#eh ,b al?\gh1 z we le>n f ! above-m5tion$ insects & ! beav]1 a high degree ( intellig5ce is c]ta9ly compatible ) complex in/9cts1 & al?\gh actions1 at fir/ le>n$ volunt>ily1 c soon ?r\gh habit be p]=m$ ) ! quickness & c]ta9ty ( a reflex action1 yet x is n improbable t !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( int]f]5ce betwe5 ! developm5t ( free intellig5ce & ( in/9ct1 s9ce ! latt] implies "s inh]it$ modification ( ! bra94 ,little is kn[n ab\t ! functions ( ! bra91 b we c p]ceive t z ! intellectual p[]s become highly develop$ ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! bra9 mu/ be connect$ by v intricate *annels ( ! free/ int]communication2 & z a consequ5ce ea* sep>ate "p w\ld p]haps t5d to be less well fitt$ to answ] to p>ticul> s5sations or associations 9 a def9ite & inh]it$--t is1 in/9ctive--mann]4 ,!re seems ev5 to exi/ "s relation betwe5 a l[ degree ( intellig5ce & a /rong t5d5cy to ! =mation ( fix$1 ?\gh n inh]it$1 habits2 = z a sagaci\s physician rem>k$ to me1 p]sons :o are slightly imbecile t5d to act 9 ev]y?+ by r\t9e or habit2 & !y are r5d]$ mu* happi] if ?is is enc\rag$4 ,i h ?\ght ?is digression wor? giv+1 because we may easily und]rate ! m5tal p[]s ( ! high] animals1 & especially ( man1 :5 we comp>e _! actions f\nd$ on ! memory ( pa/ ev5ts1 on =esight1 reason & imag9ation1 ) exactly simil> actions in/9ctively p]=m$ by ! l[] animals2 9 ?is latt] case ! capacity ( p]=m+ su* actions has be5 ga9$1 /ep by /ep1 ?r\gh ! v>iability ( ! m5tal organs & natural selection1 )\t any consci\s intellig5ce on ! "p ( ! animal dur+ ea* successive g5]ation4 ,no d\bt1 z ,mr4 ,wallace has argu$1 mu* ( ! intellig5t "w done by man is due to imitation & n to reason2 b !re is ?is great diff]5ce betwe5 8 actions & _m ( ^? p]=m$ by ! l[] animals1 namely1 t man _c1 on 8 fir/ trial1 make1 = in/ance1 a /one hat*et or a canoe1 ?r\gh 8 p[] ( imitation4 ,he has to le>n 8 "w by practice2 a beav]1 on ! o!r h&1 c make its dam or canal1 & a bird its ne/1 z well1 or ne>ly z well1 & a spid] its wond]ful web q z well1 ! fir/ "t x tries z :5 old & exp]i5c$4 ,to return to our imm$iate subject3 ! l[] animals1 l man1 manife/ly feel pleasure & pa91 happ9ess & mis]y4 ,happ9ess is nev] bett] exhibit$ ?an by "y animals1 su* z puppies1 kitt5s1 lambs1 etc41 :5 play+ toge!r1 l our own *ildr54 ,ev5 insects play toge!r1 z has be5 describ$ by t excell5t obs]v]1 ,p4 ,hub]1 :o saw ants *as+ & pret5d+ to bite ea* o!r1 l s _m puppies4 ,! fact t ! l[] animals are excit$ by ! same emotions z ourselves is s well e/abli%$ t x w n be necess>y to we>y ! read] by _m details4 ,t]ror acts 9 ! same mann] on !m z on u1 caus+ ! muscles to tremble1 ! he>t to palpitate1 ! sph9ct]s to be relax$1 & ! hair to /& on end4 ,suspicion1 ! (fspr+ ( fe>1 is em95tly *>act]i/ic ( mo/ wild animals4 ,x is1 ,i ?9k1 impossible to read ! acc\nt giv5 by ,sir ,e4 ,t5n5t1 ( ! behavi\r ( ! female elephants us$ z decoys1 )\t admitt+ t !y int5tionally practise deceit1 & well "k :at !y are ab\t4 ,c\rage & timidity are extremely v>iable qualities 9 ! individuals ( ! same species1 z is pla9ly se5 9 our dogs4 ,"s dogs & horses are ill-temp]$ & easily turn sulky2 o!rs are good-temp]$2 & ^! qualities are c]ta9ly inh]it$4 ,e "o kn[s h[ liable animals are to furi\s rage & h[ pla9ly !y %[ x4 ,_m1 & probably true1 anecdotes h be5 publi%$ on ! long-delay$ & artful rev5ge ( v>i\s animals4 ,! accurate ,r5gg] & ,brehm#ei /ate t ! ,am]ican & ,african monkeys :i* !y kept tame c]ta9ly rev5g$ !mselves4 ,sir ,&rew ,smi?1 a zoologi/ ^: scrupul\s accuracy 0 kn[n to _m p]sons1 told me ! foll[+ /ory ( :i* he 0 himself an eye-witness3 ,at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope an (fic] _h (t5 plagu$ a c]ta9 baboon1 & ! animal1 see+ him approa*+ "o ,sunday = p>ade1 p\r$ wat] into a hole & ha/ily made "s ?ick mud1 :i* he skilfully da%$ ov] ! (fic] z he pass$ by1 to ! amusem5t ( _m by/&]s4 ,= long aft]w>ds ! baboon rejoic$ & triumph$ :5ev] he saw 8 victim4 ,! love ( a dog = 8 ma/] is notori\s2 z an old writ] qua9tly says3 ,a dog is ! only ?+ on ?is e>? t luvs y m ?an he luvs himself4 ,9 ! agony ( dea? a dog has be5 kn[n to c>ess 8 ma/]1 & e "o has he>d ( ! dog suff]+ "u vivisection1 :o lick$ ! h& ( ! op]ator2 ?is man1 unless ! op]ation 0 fully ju/ifi$ by an increase ( our k1 or unless he _h a he>t ( /one1 mu/ h felt remorse to ! la/ h\r ( 8 life4 ,z ,:ewell has well ask$3 ,:o t reads ! t\*+ in/ances ( mat]nal affection1 relat$ s (t5 ( ! wom5 ( all nations & ( ! females ( all animals1 c d\bt t ! pr9ciple ( action is ! same 9 ! two cases8 ,we see mat]nal affection exhibit$ 9 ! mo/ trifl+ details2 ?us1 ,r5gg] obs]v$ an ,am]ican monkey 7a ,cebus7 c>efully driv+ away ! flies :i* plagu$ h] infant2 & ,duvaucel saw a ,hylobates wa%+ ! face ( h] "y ones 9 a /ream4 ,s int5se is ! grief ( female monkeys = ! loss ( _! "y t x inv>iably caus$ ! dea? ( c]ta9 k9ds kept "u conf9em5t by ,brehm 9 ,n4 ,africa4 ,orphan monkeys 7 always adopt$ & c>efully gu>d$ by ! o!r monkeys1 bo? males & females4 ,"o female baboon _h s capaci\s a he>t t %e n only adopt$ "y monkeys ( o!r species1 b /ole "y dogs & cats1 :i* %e cont9ually c>ri$ ab\t4 ,h] k9dness1 h[ev]1 did n g s f> z to %>e h] food ) h] adopt$ (fspr+1 at :i* ,brehm 0 surpris$1 z 8 monkeys always divid$ ev]y?+ q fairly ) _! own "y ones4 ,an adopt$ kitt5 scrat*$ ?is affectionate baboon1 :o c]ta9ly _h a f9e intellect1 = %e 0 mu* a/oni%$ at be+ scrat*$1 & imm$iately exam9$ ! kitt5's feet1 & )\t m ado bit (f ! claws4#fj ,9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s ,i he>d f ! keep] t an old baboon 7,c4 *acma7 _h adopt$ a ,rhesus monkey2 b :5 a "y drill & m&rill 7 plac$ 9 ! cage %e seem$ to p]ceive t ^! monkeys1 ?\gh di/9ct species1 7 h] ne>] relatives1 = %e at once reject$ ! ,rhesus & adopt$ bo? ( !m4 ,! "y ,rhesus1 z ,i saw1 0 greatly discont5t$ at be+ ?us reject$1 & x w\ld1 l a naughty *ild1 annoy & attack ! "y drill & m&rill :5ev] x c\ld d s ) safety2 ?is conduct excit+ great indignation 9 ! old baboon4 ,monkeys w also1 accord+ to ,brehm1 def5d _! ma/] :5 attack$ by any "o1 z well z dogs to :om !y are atta*$1 f ! attacks ( o!r dogs4 ,b we "h tr5* on ! subjects ( sympa?y & fidelity to :i* ,i %all recur4 ,"s ( ,brehm's monkeys took mu* delight 9 teas+ a c]ta9 old dog :om !y dislik$1 z well z o!r animals1 9 v>i\s +5i\s ways4 ,mo/ ( ! m complex emotions are common to ! high] animals & ourselves4 ,e "o has se5 h[ jeal\s a dog is ( 8 ma/]'s affections if lavi%$ on any o!r creature2 & ,i h obs]v$ ! same fact ) monkeys4 ,?is %[s t animals n only love1 b h a desire to be lov$4 ,animals manife/ly feel emulation4 ,!y love approbation or praise2 & a dog c>ry+ a basket = 8 ma/] exhibits 9 a high degree self-complac5cy or pride4 ,!re c1 ,i ?9k1 be no d\bt t a dog feels %ame1 z di/9ct f fe>1 & some?+ v l mode/y :5 begg+ too (t5 = food4 ,a great dog scorns ! sn>l+ ( a little dog1 & ?is may be call$ magnanimity4 ,sev]al obs]v]s h /at$ t monkeys c]ta9ly dislike be+ laugh$ at2 & !y sometimes inv5t imag9>y (f5ses4 ,9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s ,i saw a baboon :o always got into a furi\s rage :5 8 keep] took out a lett] or book & read x al\d to him2 & 8 rage 0 s viol5t t1 z ,i witness$ on "o occasion1 he bit 8 own leg till ! blood fl[$4 ,dogs %[ :at may be fairly call$ a s5se ( hum\r z di/9ct f m]e play2 if a bit ( /ick or o!r su* object be ?r[n to "o1 he w (t5 c>ry x away = a %ort di/ance2 & !n squatt+ d[n ) x on ! gr\nd close be=e him1 w wait until 8 ma/] comes q close to take x away4 ,! dog w !n seize x & ru% away 9 triumph1 repeat+ ! same maneuv]1 & evid5tly enjoy+ ! practical joke4 ,we w n[ turn to ! m intellectual emotions & faculties1 :i* are v important1 z =m+ ! basis = ! developm5t ( ! high] m5tal p[]s4 ,animals manife/ly enjoy excitem5t1 & suff] f ennui1 z may be se5 ) dogs1 &1 accord+ to ,r5gg]1 ) monkeys4 ,all animals feel ,wond] & _m exhibit ,curiosity4 ,!y sometimes suff] f ?is latt] quality1 z :5 ! hunt] plays antics & ?us attracts !m2 ,i h witness$ ?is ) de]1 & s x is ) ! w>y *amois1 & ) "s k9ds ( wild ducks4 ,brehm gives a curi\s acc\nt ( ! in/9ctive dread1 :i* 8 monkeys exhibit$1 = snakes2 b _! curiosity 0 s great t !y c\ld n desi/ f occasionally satiat+ _! horror 9 a mo/ human fa%ion by lift+ up ! lid ( ! box 9 :i* ! snakes 7 kept4 ,i 0 s mu* surpris$ at 8 acc\nt t ,i took a /uff$ & coil$-up snake into ! monkey-h\se at ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 & ! excitem5t ?us caus$ 0 "o ( ! mo/ curi\s spectacles :i* ,i ev] beheld4 ,?ree species ( ,c]copi!cus 7 ! mo/ al>m$2 !y da%$ ab\t _! cages & utt]$ %>p signal cries ( dang]1 :i* 7 und]/ood by ! o!r monkeys4 ,a few "y monkeys & "o old ,anubis baboon alone took no notice ( ! snake4 ,i !n plac$ ! /uff$ specim5 on ! gr\nd 9 "o ( ! l>g] comp>tm5ts4 ,aft] a "t all ! monkeys collect$ r\nd x 9 a l>ge circle1 &1 />+ int5tly1 pres5t$ a mo/ ludicr\s appe>ance4 ,!y became extremely n]v\s2 s t :5 a wood5 ball1 ) :i* !y 7 famili> z a play?+1 0 accid5tally mov$ 9 ! /raw1 "u :i* x 0 p>tly hidd51 !y all in/antly />t$ away4 ,^! monkeys behav$ v diff]5tly :5 a dead fi%1 a m\se1 a liv+ turtle1 & o!r new objects 7 plac$ 9 _! cages2 = ?\gh at fir/ fright5$1 !y soon approa*$1 h&l$1 & exam9$ !m4 ,i !n plac$ a live snake 9 a pap] bag1 ) ! m\? loosely clos$1 9 "o ( ! l>g] comp>tm5ts4 ,"o ( ! monkeys imm$iately approa*$1 cauti\sly op5$ ! bag a little1 peep$ 91 & in/antly da%$ away4 ,!n ,i witness$ :at ,brehm has describ$2 = monkey aft] monkey1 ) head rais$ high & turn$ on "o side1 c\ld n resi/ tak+ a mom5t>y peep into ! upright bag1 at ! dreadful object ly+ quietly at ! bottom4 ,x w\ld almo/ appe> z if monkeys _h "s notion ( zoological aff9ities1 = ^? kept by ,brehm exhibit$ a /range1 al?\gh mi/ak51 in/9ctive dread ( innoc5t liz>ds & frogs4 ,an orang1 also1 has be5 kn[n to be mu* al>m$ at ! fir/ sight ( a turtle4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,imitation is /rong 9 man1 & especially1 z ,i h myself obs]v$1 ) savages4 ,9 c]ta9 morbid /ates ( ! bra9 ?is t5d5cy is exagg]at$ to an extraord9>y degree2 "s hemiplegic pati5ts & o!rs1 at ! comm5cem5t ( inflammatory s(t5+ ( ! bra91 unconsci\sly imitate e ^w :i* is utt]$1 :e!r 9 _! own or a =eign language1 & e ge/ure or action :i* is p]=m$ ne> !m4 ,desor has rem>k$ t no animal volunt>ily imitates an action p]=m$ by man1 until1 9 ! asc5d+ scale1 we come to monkeys1 :i* are well kn[n to be ridicul\s mock]s4 ,animals1 h[ev]1 sometimes imitate ea* o!r's actions2 ?us two species ( wolves1 :i* _h be5 re>$ by dogs1 le>n$ to b>k1 z does sometimes ! jackal1 b :e!r ?is c be call$ volunt>y imitation is ano!r "q4 ,birds imitate ! songs ( _! p>5ts1 & sometimes ( o!r birds2 & p>rots are notori\s imitators ( any s\nd :i* !y (t5 he>4 ,dureau de la ,malle gives an acc\nt ( a dog re>$ by a cat1 :o le>n$ to imitate ! well-kn[n action ( a cat lick+ h] paws1 & ?us wa%+ h] e>s & face2 ?is 0 also witness$ by ! celebrat$ naturali/ ,aud\94 ,i h receiv$ sev]al confirmatory acc\nts2 9 "o ( ^!1 a dog _h n be5 suckl$ by a cat1 b _h be5 br\ght up ) "o1 toge!r ) kitt5s1 & _h ?us acquir$ ! above habit1 :i* he ev] aft]w>d practis$ dur+ 8 life ( ?irte5 ye>s4 ,dureau de la ,malle's dog likewise le>n$ f ! kitt5s to play ) a ball by roll+ x ab\t ) 8 =e-paws & spr++ on x4 ,a correspond5t assures me t a cat 9 8 h\se us$ to put h] paws into jugs ( milk hav+ too n>r[ a m\? = h] head4 ,a kitt5 ( ?is cat soon le>n$ ! same trick1 & practis$ x ev] aft]w>d :5ev] !re 0 an opportunity4 ,! p>5ts ( _m animals1 tru/+ to ! pr9ciple ( imitation 9 _! "y1 & m especially to _! in/9ctive or inh]it$ t5d5cies1 may be said to educate !m4 ,we see ?is :5 a cat br+s a live m\se to h] kitt5s2 & ,dureau de la ,malle has giv5 a curi\s acc\nt 79 ! pap] above quot$7 ( 8 obs]vations on hawks :i* taught _! "y dext]ity1 z well z judgm5t ( di/ances1 by fir/ dropp+ ?r\gh ! air dead mice & sp>r[s1 :i* ! "y g5]ally fail$ to cat*1 & !n br++ !m live birds & lett+ !m loose4 ,h>dly any faculty is m important = ! intellectual progress ( man ?an ,att5tion4 ,animals cle>ly manife/ ?is p[]1 z :5 a cat wat*es by a hole & prep>es to spr+ on its prey4 ,wild animals sometimes become s absorb$ :5 ?us engag$ t !y may be easily approa*$4 ,mr4 ,b>tlett has giv5 me a curi\s pro( ( h[ v>iable ?is faculty is 9 monkeys4 ,a man :o tra9s monkeys to act 9 plays us$ to pur*ase common k9ds f ! ,zoological ,society at ! price ( five p\nds = ea*2 b he (f]$ to give d\ble ! price if he might keep ?ree or f\r ( !m = a few days 9 ord] to select "o4 ,:5 ask$ h[ he c\ld possibly le>n s soon :e!r a p>ticul> monkey w\ld turn out a good actor1 he answ]$ t x all dep5d$ on _! p[] ( att5tion4 ,if :5 he 0 talk+ & expla9+ any?+ to a monkey its att5tion 0 easily di/ract$1 z by a fly on ! wall or o!r trifl+ object1 ! case 0 hopeless4 ,if he tri$ by puni%m5t to make an inatt5tive monkey act1 x turn$ sulky4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a monkey :i* c>efully att5d$ to him c\ld always be tra9$4 ,x is almo/ sup]flu\s to /ate t animals h excell5t memories = p]sons & places4 ,a baboon at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 z ,i h be5 in=m$ by ,sir ,&rew ,smi?1 recognis$ him ) joy aft] an abs5ce ( n9e mon?s4 ,i _h a dog :o 0 savage & av]se to all /rang]s1 & ,i purposely tri$ 8 memory aft] an abs5ce ( five ye>s & two days4 ,i w5t ne> ! /able :]e he liv$ & %\t$ to him 9 my old mann]2 he %[$ no joy1 b in/antly foll[$ me out walk+1 & obey$ me exactly z if ,i _h p>t$ ) him only half an h\r be=e4 ,a tra9 ( old associations1 dormant dur+ five ye>s1 _h ?us be5 in/antane\sly awak5$ 9 8 m9d4 ,ev5 ants1 z ,p4 ,hub] has cle>ly %[n1 recognis$ _! fell[-ants belong+ to ! same community aft] a sep>ation ( f\r mon?s4 ,animals c c]ta9ly by "s means judge ( ! int]vals ( "t betwe5 recurr5t ev5ts4 ,! ,imag9ation is "o ( ! highe/ pr]ogatives ( man4 ,by ?is faculty he may unite =m] images & ideas1 indep5d5tly ( ! w1 & ?us create brilliant & novel results4 ,a poet1 z ,jean ,paul ,ri*t] rem>ks1 :o mu/ reflect :e!r he %all make a "* say yes or no--to ! devil ) him2 he is only a /upid corpse4 ,! value ( ! products ( our imag9ation dep5ds ( c\rse on ! numb]1 accuracy1 & cle>ness ( our impressions1 on our judgm5t & ta/e 9 select+ or reject+ ! involunt>y comb9ations1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t on our p[] ( volunt>ily comb9+ !m4 ,z dogs1 cats1 horses1 & probably all ! high] animals1 ev5 birds1 h vivid dreams1 & ?is is %[n by _! movem5ts & ! s\nds utt]$1 we mu/ admit t !y possess "s p[] ( imag9ation4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ special :i* causes dogs to h[l 9 ! night1 & especially dur+ moonlight1 9 t rem>kable & melan*oly mann] call$ bay+4 ,all dogs d n d s2 &1 accord+ to ,h\zeau1 !y d n !n look at ! moon1 b at "s fix$ po9t ne> ! horizon4 ,h\zeau ?9ks t _! imag9ations are di/urb$ by ! vague outl9es ( ! surr\nd+ objects1 & conjure up be=e !m fanta/ic images2 if ?is be s1 _! feel+s may almo/ be call$ sup]/iti\s4 ,( all ! faculties ( ! human m9d1 x w1 ,i presume1 be admitt$ t ,reason /&s at ! summit4 ,only a few p]sons n[ dispute t animals possess "s p[] ( reason+4 ,animals may con/antly be se5 to pause1 delib]ate1 & resolve4 ,x is a significant fact1 t ! m ! habits ( any p>ticul> animal are /udi$ by a naturali/1 ! m he attributes to reason & ! less to unle>n$ in/9cts4 ,9 future *apt]s we %all see t "s animals extremely l[ 9 ! scale app>5tly display a c]ta9 am\nt ( reason4 ,no d\bt x is (t5 difficult to di/+ui% betwe5 ! p[] ( reason & t ( in/9ct4 ,= in/ance1 ,dr4 ,hayes1 9 8 "w on ,! ,op5 ,pol> ,sea1 repeat$ly rem>ks t 8 dogs1 in/ead ( cont9u+ to draw ! sl$ges 9 a compact body1 div]g$ & sep>at$ :5 !y came to ?9 ice1 s t _! weight might be m ev5ly di/ribut$4 ,?is 0 (t5 ! fir/ w>n+ :i* ! travell]s receiv$ t ! ice 0 becom+ ?9 & dang]\s4 ,n[1 did ! dogs act ?us f ! exp]i5ce ( ea* individual1 or f ! example ( ! old] & wis] dogs1 or f an inh]it$ habit1 t is f in/9ct8 ,?is in/9ct may possibly h aris5 s9ce ! "t1 long ago1 :5 dogs 7 fir/ employ$ by ! natives 9 draw+ _! sl$ges2 or ! ,arctic wolves1 ! p>5t-/ock ( ! ,esquimau dog1 may h acquir$ an in/9ct impell+ !m n to attack _! prey 9 a close pack1 :5 on ?9 ice4 ,we c only judge by ! circum/ances "u :i* actions are p]=m$1 :e!r !y are due to in/9ct1 or to reason1 or to ! m]e association ( ideas2 ?is latt] pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 is intimately connect$ ) reason4 ,a curi\s case has be5 giv5 by ,pr(essor ,mbius1 ( a pike1 sep>at$ by a plate ( glass f an adjo9+ aqu>ium /ock$ ) fi%1 & :o (t5 da%$ himself ) su* viol5ce aga9/ ! glass 9 try+ to cat* ! o!r fi%es1 t he 0 sometimes completely /unn$4 ,! pike w5t on ?us = ?ree mon?s1 b at la/ le>n$ caution1 & ceas$ to d s4 ,! plate ( glass 0 !n remov$1 b ! pike w\ld n attack ^! p>ticul> fi%es1 ?\gh he w\ld dev\r o!rs :i* 7 aft]w>d introduc$2 s /rongly 0 ! idea ( a viol5t %ock associat$ 9 8 feeble m9d ) ! attempt on 8 =m] neighb\rs4 ,if a savage :o _h nev] se5 a l>ge plate-glass w9d[1 7 to da% himself ev5 once aga9/ x1 he w\ld = a long "t aft]w>d associate a %ock ) a w9d[-frame2 b1 v diff]5tly f ! pike1 he w\ld probably reflect on ! nature ( ! imp$im5t1 & be cauti\s "u analog\s circum/ances4 ,n[ ) monkeys1 z we %all pres5tly see1 a pa9ful or m]ely a disagreeable impression1 f an action once p]=m$1 is sometimes suffici5t to prev5t ! animal f repeat+ x4 ,if we attribute ?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! monkeys & ! pike solely to ! association ( ideas be+ s mu* /rong] & m p]si/5t 9 ! "o ?an ! o!r1 ?\gh ! pike (t5 receiv$ mu* ! m sev]e injury1 c we ma9ta9 9 ! case ( man t a simil> diff]5ce implies ! possession ( a fundam5tally diff]5t m9d8 ,h\zeau relates t1 :ile cross+ a wide & arid pla9 9 ,texas1 8 two dogs suff]$ greatly f ?ir/1 & t betwe5 ?irty & =ty times !y ru%$ d[n ! holl[s to se>* = wat]4 ,^! holl[s 7 n valleys1 & !re 7 no trees 9 !m1 or any o!r diff]5ce 9 ! vegetation1 & z !y 7 absolutely dry1 !re c\ld h be5 no smell ( damp e>?4 ,! dogs behav$ z if !y knew t a dip 9 ! gr\nd (f]$ !m ! be/ *ance ( f9d+ wat]1 & ,h\zeau has (t5 witness$ ! same behavi\r 9 o!r animals4 ,i h se51 z ,i d>e say h o!rs1 t :5 a small object is ?r[n on ! gr\nd beyond ! rea* ( "o ( ! elephants 9 ! ,zoological ,g>d5s1 he bl[s ?r\gh 8 trunk on ! gr\nd beyond ! object1 s t ! curr5t reflect$ on all sides may drive ! object )9 8 rea*4 ,aga91 a well-kn[n e?nologi/1 ,mr4 ,we/ropp1 in=ms me t he obs]v$ 9 ,vi5na a be> delib]ately mak+ ) 8 paw a curr5t 9 "s wat]1 :i* 0 close to ! b>s ( 8 cage1 s z to draw a piece ( float+ bread )9 8 rea*4 ,^! actions ( ! elephant & be> c h>dly be attribut$ to in/9ct or inh]it$ habit1 z !y w\ld be ( little use to an animal 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,n[1 :at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 su* actions1 :5 p]=m$ by an uncultivat$ man1 & by "o ( ! high] animals8 ,! savage & ! dog h (t5 f\nd wat] at a l[ level1 & ! co9cid5ce "u su* circum/ances has become associat$ 9 _! m9ds4 ,a cultivat$ man w\ld p]haps make "s g5]al proposition on ! subject2 b f all t we "k ( savages x is extremely d\btful :e!r !y w\ld d s1 & a dog w\ld c]ta9ly n4 ,b a savage1 z well z a dog1 w\ld se>* 9 ! same way1 ?\gh frequ5tly disappo9t$1 & 9 bo? x seems to be equally an act ( reason1 :e!r or n any g5]al proposition on ! subject is consci\sly plac$ be=e ! m9d4 ,! same w\ld apply to ! elephant & ! be> mak+ curr5ts 9 ! air or wat]4 ,! savage w\ld c]ta9ly nei!r "k nor c>e by :at law ! desir$ movem5ts 7 effect$2 yet 8 act w\ld be guid$ by a rude process ( reason+1 z surely z w\ld a philosoph] 9 8 longe/ *a9 ( d$uctions4 ,!re w\ld no d\bt be ?is diff]5ce betwe5 him & "o ( ! high] animals1 t he w\ld take notice ( mu* slight] circum/ances & conditions1 & w\ld obs]ve any connection betwe5 !m aft] mu* less exp]i5ce1 & ?is w\ld be ( p>am\nt importance4 ,i kept a daily record ( ! actions ( "o ( my infants1 & :5 he 0 ab\t elev5 mon?s old1 & be=e he c\ld speak a s+le ^w1 ,i 0 cont9ually /ruck ) ! great] quickness ) :i* all sorts ( objects & s\nds 7 associat$ toge!r 9 8 m9d1 comp>$ ) t ( ! mo/ intellig5t dogs ,i ev] knew4 ,b ! high] animals diff] 9 exactly ! same way 9 ?is p[] ( association f ^? l[ 9 ! scale1 su* z ! pike1 z well z 9 t ( draw+ inf]5ces & ( obs]vation4 ,! prompt+s ( reason1 aft] v %ort exp]i5ce1 are well %[n by ! foll[+ actions ( ,am]ican monkeys1 :i* /& l[ 9 _! ord]4 ,r5gg]1 a mo/ c>eful obs]v]1 /ates t :5 he fir/ gave eggs to 8 monkeys 9 ,p>aguay !y sma%$ !m & ?us lo/ mu* ( _! cont5ts2 aft]w>d !y g5tly hit "o end aga9/ "s h>d body1 & pick$ (f ! bits ( %ell ) _! f+]s4 ,aft] cutt+ !mselves only once ) any %>p tool1 !y w\ld n t\* x aga91 or w\ld h&le x ) ! greate/ caution4 ,lumps ( sug> 7 (t5 giv5 !m wrapp$ up 9 pap]2 & ,r5gg] sometimes put a live wasp 9 ! pap]1 s t 9 ha/ily unfold+ x !y got /ung2 aft] ?is _h once happ5$ !y always held ! packet to _! e>s to detect any movem5t )94 ,! foll[+ cases relate to dogs4 ,mr4 ,colquh\n w+$ two wild ducks1 :i* fell on ! f>!r side ( a /ream2 8 retriev] tri$ to br+ ov] bo? at once1 b c\ld n succe$2 %e !n1 ?\gh nev] be=e kn[n to ruffle a fea!r1 delib]ately kill$ "o1 br\ght ov] ! o!r1 & return$ = ! dead bird4 ,colonel ,hut*9son relates t two p>tridges 7 %ot at once1 "o be+ kill$1 ! o!r w\nd$2 ! latt] ran away & 0 caught by ! retriev]1 :o on h] return came across ! dead bird3 ,%e /opp$1 evid5tly greatly puzzl$1 & aft] "o or two trials1 f9d+ %e c\ld n take x up )\t p]mitt+ ! escape ( ! w+$ bird1 %e consid]$ a mom5t1 !n delib]ately murd]$ x by giv+ x a sev]e crun*1 & aft]w>d br\ght away bo? toge!r4 ,?is 0 ! only kn[n in/ance ( h] ev] hav+ wilfully injur$ any game4 ,"h we h reason1 ?\gh n q p]fect1 = ! retriev] might h br\ght ! w\nd$ bird fir/ & !n return$ = ! dead "o1 z 9 ! case ( ! two wild-ducks4 ,i give ! above cases z re/+ on ! evid5ce ( two indep5d5t witnesses & because 9 bo? in/ances ! retriev]s1 aft] delib]ation1 broke ?r\gh a habit :i* is inh]it$ by !m 7t ( n kill+ ! game retriev$71 & because !y %[ h[ /rong _! reason+ faculty mu/ h be5 to ov]come a fix$ habit4 ,i w conclude by quot+ a rem>k by ! illu/ri\s ,humboldt4 ,! mulete]s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica say1 ',i w n give y ! mule ^: /ep is easie/1 b la mas racional--! "o t reasons be/2' &1 z he adds1 ?is popul> expression1 dictat$ by long exp]i5ce1 combats ! sy/em ( animat$ ma*9es bett] p]haps ?an all ! argum5ts ( speculative philosophy4 ,nev]!less "s writ]s ev5 yet d5y t ! high] animals possess a trace ( reason2 & !y endeav\r to expla9 away1 by :at appe>s to be m]e v]biage1 all su* facts z ^? above giv54 ,x has1 ,i ?9k1 n[ be5 %[n t man & ! high] animals1 especially ! ,primates1 h "s few in/9cts 9 common4 ,all h ! same s5ses1 intuitions1 & s5sations--simil> passions1 affections1 & emotions1 ev5 ! m complex ones1 su* z jeal\sy1 suspicion1 emulation1 gratitude & magnanimity2 !y practise deceit & are rev5geful2 !y are sometimes susceptible to ridicule1 & ev5 h a s5se ( hum\r2 !y feel wond] & curiosity2 !y possess ! same faculties ( imitation1 att5tion1 delib]ation1 *oice1 memory1 imag9ation1 ! association ( ideas1 & reason1 ?\gh 9 v diff]5t degrees4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #eg3 ,f ,*apt] ,,iii ( ,! ,desc5t ( ,man1 #ahga4 ,all except ?ree ( ! au?or's foot-notes h be5 omitt$4 ,footnote #eh3 ,! ,am]ican ,beav] & 8 ,works1 #ahfh4--;,au?or's note4 ,footnote #ei3 ,all ! foll[+ /atem5ts1 giv5 on ! au?ority ( ^! two naturali/s1 are tak5 f ,r5gg]'s ,naturges*4 d] ,suge?i]e von ,p>aguay1 #ahcj1 s4 #da-eg1 & f ,brehm's ,?i]leb51 ,b4i4 s4 #aj-hg4--;,au?or's note4 ,footnote #fj3 ,a critic1 )\t any gr\nds 7,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,july1 #ahga1 p4 #gb71 disputes ! possibility ( ?is act z describ$ by ,brehm1 = ! sake ( discr$it+ my "w4 ,!re=e ,i tri$1 & f\nd t ,i c\ld readily seize ) my own tee? ! %>p little claws ( a kitt5 ne>ly five weeks old4--,au?or's note4 ,,! ,,importance ,,( ,,du/3 ,a ,,s\rce ,,( ,,beauty ,,& ,,ess5tial ,,to ,,life#fa ,,alfr$ ,,russel ,,wallace ,! majority ( p]sons1 if ask$ :at 7 ! uses ( du/1 w\ld reply t !y did n "k x _h any1 b !y 7 sure x 0 a great nuisance4 ,x is true t du/1 9 our t[ns & 9 our h\ses1 is (t5 n only a nuisance b a s]i\s s\rce ( disease3 :ile 9 _m c\ntries x produces oph?almia1 (t5 result+ 9 total bl9dness4 ,du/1 h[ev]1 z x is usually p]ceiv$ by u1 is1 l dirt1 only matt] 9 ! wrong place1 & :atev] injuri\s or disagreeable effects x produces are l>gely due to our own deal+s ) nature4 ,s soon z we disp5se ) horsep[] & adopt purely me*anical means ( traction & conveyance1 we c almo/ :olly aboli% disease-be>+ du/ f our /reets1 & ultimately f all our highways2 :ile ano!r k9d ( du/1 t caus$ by ! imp]fect combu/ion ( coal1 may be got rid ( ) equal facility s soon z we consid] pure air1 sunlight1 & natural beauty to be ( m importance to ! population z a :ole ?an are ! prejudices or ! ve/$ int]e/s ( ^? :o produce ! smoke4 ,b ?\gh we c ?us m9imize ! dang]s & ! inconv5i5ces aris+ f ! gross] =ms ( du/1 we _c :olly aboli% x2 & x is1 inde$1 =tunate we _c d s1 s9ce x has n[ be5 discov]$ t x is to ! pres5ce ( du/ we owe mu* ( ! beauty1 & p]haps ev5 ! v habitability ( ! e>? we live ^u4 ,few ( ! fairy tales ( sci5ce are m m>vel\s ?an ^! rec5t discov]ies z to ! v>i$ effects & important uses ( du/ 9 ! economy ( nature4 ,! "q :y ! sky & ! deep ocean are bo? blue did n mu* conc]n ! e>li] physici/s4 ,x 0 ?\ght to be ! natural color ( pure air & wat]1 s pale z n to be visible :5 small quantities 7 se51 & only exhibit+ its true t9t :5 we look$ ?r\gh great dep? ( atmosph]e or ( organic wat]4 ,b ?is !ory did n expla9 ! famili> facts ( ! gorge\s t9ts se5 at sunset & sunrise1 n only 9 ! atmosph]e & on ! cl\ds ne> ! horizon1 b also 9 equally respl5d5t hues :5 ! invisible sun %9es ^u ,alp9e peaks & sn[fields4 ,a true !ory %\ld expla9 all ^! colors1 :i* comprise almo/ e t9t ( ! ra9b[4 ,! explanation 0 f\nd ?r\gh exp]im5ts on ! visibility or non-visibility ( air1 :i* 7 made by ! late ,pr(essor ,tyndall ab\t ! ye> #ahfh4 ,ev]yone3 has se5 ! float+ du/ 9 a sunbeam :5 sun%9e ent]s a p>tially d>k5$ room2 b x is n g5]ally kn[n t if !re 0 absolutely no du/ 9 ! air ! pa? ( ! sunbeam w\ld be totally black & invisible1 :ile if only v little du/ 0 pres5t 9 v m9ute p>ticles ! air w\ld be z blue z ! summ] sky4 ,?is 0 prov$ by pass+ a ray ( electric light l5g?ways ?r\gh a long glass cyl9d] fill$ ) air ( v>y+ degrees ( purity z reg>ds du/4 ,9 ! air ( an ord9>y room1 h[ev] clean & well v5tilat$1 ! int]ior ( !1 cyl9d] appe>s brilliantly illum9at$4 ,b if ! cyl9d] is exhau/$ & !n fill$ ) air :i* is pass$ sl[ly ?r\gh a f9e gauze ( int5sely heat$ plat9um wire1 s z to burn up all ! float+ du/ p>ticles1 :i* are ma9ly organic1 ! light w pass ?r\gh ! cyl9d] )\t illum9at+ ! int]ior1 :i*1 view$ lat]ally1 w appe> z if fill$ ) a d5se black cl\d4 ,if1 n[1 m air is pass$ into ! cyl9d] ?r\gh ! heat$ gauze1 b s rapidly t ! du/ p>ticles are n :olly consum$1 a slight blue haze w beg9 to appe>1 :i* w gradually become a pure blue1 equal to t ( a summ] sky4 ,if m & m du/ p>ticles are all[$ to ent]1 ! blue becomes pal]1 & gradually *anges to ! col\rless illum9ation ( ! ord9>y air4 ,! explanation ( ^! ph5om5a is t ! numb] ( du/ p>ticles 9 ord9>y air is s great t !y reflect abundance ( light ( all wave-l5g?s1 & ?us cause ! int]ior ( ! vessel conta9+ !m to appe> illum9at$ ) :ite light4 ,! air :i* is pass$ sl[ly ov] :ite-hot plat9um has _h ! du/ p>ticles de/roy$1 ?us %[+ t !y 7 almo/ :olly ( organic orig91 :i* is also indicat$ by _! extreme lightness1 caus+ !m to float p]man5tly 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,! du/ be+ ?us got rid (1 & pure air be+ entirely transp>5t1 !re is no?+ 9 ! cyl9d] to reflect ! light1 :i* is s5t ?r\gh its c5tre 9 a beam ( p>allel rays s t none ( x /rikes aga9/ ! sides2 h5ce ! inside ( ! cyl9d] appe>s absolutely d>k4 ,b :5 ! l>g] du/ p>ticles are :olly or p>tially burnt1 s t only ! v smalle/ fragm5ts rema91 a blue light appe>s1 because ^! are s m9ute z to reflect *iefly ! m refrangible rays1 :i* are ( %ort] wave-l5g?--^? at ! blue end ( ! spectrum--& :i* are ?us scatt]$ 9 all directions1 :ile ! r$ & yell[ rays pass /raight on z be=e4 ,we h se5 t ! air ne> ! e>?'s surface is full ( r co>se p>ticles :i* reflect all ! rays1 & :i* !re=e produce no "o col\r4 ,b high] up ! p>ticles necess>ily become small] & small]1 s9ce ! comp>atively r>e atmosph]e w support only ! v smalle/ & lighte/4 ,^! exi/ ?r\gh\t a great ?ickness ( air1 p]haps f "o mile to t5 miles high or1 ev5 m1 & blue or violet rays be+ reflect$ f ! innum]able p>ticles 9 ?is great mass ( air1 :i* is ne>ly uni=m 9 all p>ts ( ! _w z reg>ds ! pres5ce ( m9ute du/ p>ticles1 produces ! con/ant & ne>ly uni=m t9t we call sky-blue4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( :ite or yell[ light is no d\bt reflect$ f ! co>s] du/ 9 ! l[] atmosph]e1 & slightly dilutes ! blue & r5d]s x n q s deep & pure z x o!rwise w\ld be4 ,?is is %[n by ! increas+ dep? ( ! sky-col\r :5 se5 f ! tops ( l(ty m\nta9s1 :ile f ! /ill great] heights atta9$ 9 balloons ! sky appe>s ( a blue-black col\r1 ! blue reflect$ f ! comp>atively small am\nt ( du/ p>ticles be+ se5 aga9/ ! int5se black ( /ell> space4 ,x is = ! same reason t ! ,italian skies are ( s ri* a blue1 because ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea on "o side & ! sn[y ,alps on ! o!r d n furni% s l>ge a quantity ( atmosph]ic du/ 9 ! l[] /rata ( air z 9 less favorably situat$ c\ntries1 ?us leav+ ! blue reflect$ by ! m uni=mly di/ribut$ f9e du/ ( ! high] /rata undilut$4 ,b ^! ,m$it]ranean skies are surpass$ by ^? ( ! c5tral ,pacific ocean1 :]e1 ow+ to ! small area ( l&1 ! l[] atmosph]e is m free f co>se du/ ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! _w4 ,if we look at ! sky on a p]fectly f9e summ]'s day1 we %all f9d t ! blue col\r is ! mo/ pure & int5se ov]head1 & :5 look+ high up 9 a direction opposite to ! sun4 ,ne> ! horizon x is always less bright1 :ile 9 ! region imm$iately ar\nd ! sun x is m or less yell[4 ,! reason ( ?is is t ne> ! horizon we look ?r\gh a v great ?ickness ( ! l[] atmosph]e1 :i* is full ( ! l>g] du/ p>ticles reflect+ :ite light1 & ?is dilutes ! pure blue ( ! high] atmosph]e se5 beyond4 ,& 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sun a good deal ( ! blue light is reflect$ back into space by ! f9] du/1 ?us giv+ a yell[i% t+e to t :i* rea*es u reflect$ *iefly f ! co>se du/ ( ! l[] atmosph]e4 ,at sunset & sunrise1 h[ev]1 ?is la/ effect is greatly int5sifi$1 ow+ to ! great ?ickness ( ! /rata ( air ?r\gh :i* ! light rea*es u4 ,! enorm\s am\nt ( ?is du/ is well %[n by ! fact t1 !n only1 we c look full at ! sun1 ev5 :5 ! :ole sky is free f cl\ds & !re is no app>5t mi/4 ,b ! sun's rays !n rea* u aft] hav+ pass$1 fir/1 ?r\gh an enorm\s ?ickness ( ! high] /rata ( ! air1 ! m9ute du/ ( :i* reflects mo/ ( ! blue rays away f u1 leav+ ! complem5t>y yell[ light to pass on4 ,!n1 ! some:at co>s] du/ reflects ! gre5 rays1 leav+ a m orange col\r$ light to pass on2 & f9ally "s ( ! yell[ is reflect$1 leav+ almo/ pure r$4 ,b ow+ to ! con/ant pres5ce ( air curr5ts1 arrang+ bo? ! du/ & vap\r 9 /rata ( v>y+ ext5t & d5sity1 & ( high or l[ cl\ds1 :i* bo? absorb & reflect ! light 9 v>y+ degrees1 we see produc$ all ^? wondr\s comb9ations ( t9ts & ^? gorge\s ev]-*ang+ col\rs1 :i* are a con/ant s\rce ( admiration & delight to all :o h ! advantage ( an un9t]rupt$ view to ! we/1 & :o are accu/om$ to wat* = ^! n unfrequ5t exhibitions ( nature's kaleidoscopic col\r-pa9t+4 ,) e *ange 9 ! altitude ( ! sun ! display *anges its "*2 & mo/ ( all :5 x has sunk bel[ ! horizon1 &1 ow+ to ! m fav\rable angles1 a l>g] quantity ( ! col\r$ light is reflect$ t[>d u4 ,especially is ?is ! case :5 !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( cl\d4 ,! cl\ds1 s long z ! sun is above ! horizon1 int]cept mu* ( ! light & col\r2 b1 :5 ! great lum9>y has pass$ away f our direct vision1 8 light %9es m directly on ! "u sides ( all ! cl\ds & air /rata ( diff]5t d5sities2 a new & m brilliant light flu%es ! we/]n sky1 & a display ( gorge\s ev]-*ang+ t9ts occurs :i* are at once ! delight ( ! behold] & ! despair ( ! arti/4 ,& all ?is unsurpassable glory we owe to--du/6 ,a rem>kable confirmation ( ?is !ory 0 giv5 dur+ ! two or ?ree ye>s aft] ! great eruption ( ,krakatoa1 ne> ,java4 ,! volcanic dbris 0 %ot up f ! crat] _m miles high1 & ! heavi] portion ( x fell ^u ! sea = sev]al hundr$ miles ar\nd1 & 0 f\nd to be ma9ly compos$ ( v ?9 flakes ( volcanic glass4 ,mu* ( ?is 0 ( c\rse gr\nd to impalpable du/ by ! viol5ce ( ! dis*>ge1 & 0 c>ri$ up to a height ( _m miles4 ,"h x 0 caught by ! return curr5ts ( air cont9ually fl[+ nor?w>d & s\?w>d above ! equatorial zone2 & s9ce1 :5 ^! curr5ts rea* ! temp]ate zone1 :]e ! surface rotation ( ! e>? is less rapid1 !y cont9ually fl[ ea/w>d1 ! f9e du/ 0 ?us c>ri$ at a great altitude completely ar\nd ! e>?4 ,its effects 7 trac$ "s mon?s aft] ! eruption 9 ! appe>ance ( brilliant sunset gl[s ( an exceptional "*1 (t5 flu%+ ) crimson ! :ole we/]n half ( ! visible sky4 ,^! gl[s cont9u$ 9 dim9i%+ spl5d\r = ab\t ?ree ye>s2 !y 7 se5 all ov] ! temp]ate zone2 & x 0 calculat$ t1 be=e !y f9ally disappe>$1 "s ( ?is f9e du/ mu/ h travell$ ?ree times r\nd ! globe4 ,! same pr9ciple is ?\ght to expla9 ! exquisite blue col\r ( ! deep seas & oceans & ( _m lakes & spr+s4 ,absolutely pure wat]1 l pure air1 is col\rless1 b all seas & lakes1 h[ev] cle> & transluc5t1 conta9 abundance ( v f9ely divid$ matt]1 organic or inorganic1 :i*1 z 9 ! atmosph]e1 reflects ! blue rays 9 su* quantity z to ov]p[] ! :ite or col\r$ light-reflect$ f ! few] & m rapidly s9k+ p>ticles ( l>g] size4 ,! oceanic du/ is d]iv$ f _m s\rces4 ,m9ute organisms are con/antly dy+ ne> ! surface1 & _! skeletons1 or fragm5ts ( !m1 fall sl[ly to ! bottom4 ,! mud br\ght d[n by riv]s1 ?\gh x _c be trac$ on ! ocean floor m ?an ab\t #aej miles f l&1 yet no d\bt furni%es _m p>ticles ( organic matt] :i* are c>ri$ by surface curr5ts to enorm\s di/ances & are ultimately dissolv$ be=e !y rea* ! bottom4 ,a m important s\rce ( f9ely divid$ matt] is to be f\nd 9 volcanic du/ :i*1 z 9 ! case ( ,krakatoa1 may rema9 = ye>s 9 ! atmosph]e1 b :i* mu/ ultimately fall ^u ! surface ( ! e>? & ocean4 ,?is c be trac$ 9 all ! deep-sea oozes4 ,f9ally !re is meteoric du/1 :i* is cont9ually fall+ to ! surface ( ! e>?1 b 9 su* m9ute quantities & 9 su* a f9ely-divid$ /ate t x c be detect$ only 9 ! oozes ( ! deepe/ oceans1 :]e bo? inorganic & organic dbris is almo/ abs5t4 ,! blue ( ! ocean v>ies 9 diff]5t p>ts f a pure blue some:at light] ?an t ( ! sky1 z se5 ab\t ! nor!rn tropic 9 ! ,atlantic1 to a deep indigo t9t1 z se5 9 ! nor? temp]ate portions ( ! same ocean3 ow+1 probably1 to diff]5ces 9 ! nature1 quantity1 & di/ribution ( ! solid matt] :i* causes ! col\r4 ,! ,m$it]ranean1 & ! deep] ,swiss lakes1 are also a blue ( v>i\s t9ts1 due also to ! pres5ce ( susp5d$ matt]1 :i* ,pr(essor ,tyndall ?\ght might be s f9e t x w\ld require ages ( quiet subsid5ce to rea* ! bottom4 ,all ! evid5ce goes to %[1 !re=e1 t ! exquisite blue t9ts ( sky & ocean1 z well z all ! sunset hues ( sky & cl\d1 ( m\nta9 peak & ,alp9e sn[s1 are due to ! f9] p>ticles ( t v du/ :i*1 9 its co>s] =ms1 we f9d s annoy+ & ev5 dang]\s4 ,b if ?is production ( col\r & beauty 7 ! only useful function ( du/1 "s p]sons might be dispos$ to disp5se ) x 9 ord] to escape its less agreeable effects4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 rec5tly discov]$ t du/ has ano!r "p to play 9 nature2 a "p s important t x is d\btful :e!r we c\ld ev5 live )\t x4 ,to ! pres5ce ( du/ 9 ! high] atmosph]e we owe ! =mation ( mi/s1 cl\ds1 & g5tle b5eficial ra9s1 in/ead ( wat] sp\ts & de/ructive torr5ts4 ,x is b>ely tw5ty ye>s ago s9ce ! discov]y 0 made1 fir/ 9 ,france by ,c\li] & ,masc>t1 b m ?or\ghly work$ out by ,mr4 ,john ,aitk5 9 #ahhj4 ,he f\nd t if a jet ( /eam is admitt$ into two l>ge glass receiv]s1--"o fill$ ) ord9>y air1 ! o!r ) air :i* has be5 filt]$ ?r\gh cotton wool s z to keep back all p>ticles ( solid matt]1--! fir/ w be in/antly fill$ ) cond5s$ vap\r 9 ! usual cl\dy =m1 :ile ! o!r vessel w rema9 q transp>5t4 ,ano!r exp]im5t 0 made1 m ne>ly reproduc+ :at occurs 9 nature4 ,"s wat] 0 plac$ 9 ! two vessels prep>$ z be=e4 ,:5 ! wat] _h evaporat$ suffici5tly to saturate ! air ! vessels 7 slightly cool$2 a d5se cl\d 0 at once =m$ 9 ! "o :ile ! o!r rema9$ q cle>4 ,^! exp]im5ts1 & _m o!rs1 %[ t ! m]e cool+ ( vap\r 9 air w n cond5se x into mi/ cl\ds or ra91 unless p>ticles ( solid matt] are pres5t to =m nuclei ^u :i* cond5sation c beg94 ,! d5sity ( ! cl\d is proportionate to ! numb] ( ! p>ticles2 h5ce ! fact t ! /eam issu+ f ! safety-valve or ! *imney ( a locomotive =ms a d5se :ite cl\d1 %[s t ! air is really full ( du/ p>ticles1 mo/ ( :i* are microscopic b none ! less s]v+ z c5tres ( cond5sation = ! vap\r4 ,h5ce1 if !re 7 no du/ 9 ! air1 escap+ /eam w\ld rema9 invisible2 !re w\ld be no cl\d 9 ! sky2 & ! vap\r 9 ! atmosph]e1 con/antly accumulat+ ?r\gh evaporation f seas & oceans & f ! e>?'s surface1 w\ld h to f9d "s o!r means ( return+ to its s\rce4 ,"o ( ^! modes w\ld be ! deposition ( dew1 :i* is itself an illu/ration ( ! pr9ciple t vap\r requires solid or liquid surfaces to cond5se ^u2 dew =ms mo/ readily & abundantly on grass1 on acc\nt ( ! num]\s c5tres ( cond5sation ?is af=ds4 ,dew1 h[ev]1 is n[ =m$ only on cle> cold nights aft] w>m or moi/ days4 ,! air ne> ! surface is w>m & conta9s mu* vap\r1 ?\gh bel[ ! po9t ( saturation4 ,b ! innum]able po9ts & ext5sive surfaces ( grass radiate heat quickly1 & becom+ cool1 l[] ! temp]ature ( ! adjac5t air1 :i* !n rea*es saturation po9t & cond5ses ! conta9$ atmosph]e on ! grass4 ,h5ce1 if ! atmosph]e at ! e>?'s surface became sup]-saturat$ ) aque\s vap\r1 dew w\ld be cont9u\sly deposit$1 especially on e =m ( vegetation1 ! result be+ t ev]y?+1 includ+ our clo?+1 w\ld be con/antly dripp+ wet4 ,if !re 7 absolutely no p>ticles ( solid matt] 9 ! upp] atmosph]e1 all ! moi/ure w\ld be return$ to ! e>? 9 ! =m ( d5se mi/s1 & frequ5t & copi\s dews1 :i* 9 =e/s w\ld =m torr5ts ( ra9 by ! rapid cond5sation on ! leaves4 ,b if we suppose t solid p>ticles 7 occasionally c>ri$ high] up ?r\gh viol5t w9ds or tornadoes1 !n on ^? occasions ! sup]-saturat$ atmosph]e w\ld cond5se rapidly ^u !m1 & :ile fall+ w\ld ga!r almo/ all ! moi/ure 9 ! atmosph]e 9 t locality1 result+ 9 masses or %eets ( wat]1 :i* w\ld be s ru9\sly de/ructive by ! m]e weight & impetus ( _! fall t x is d\btful :e!r !y w\ld n r5d] ! e>? almo/ :olly un9habitable4 ,! *ief mode ( dis*>g+ ! atmosph]ic vap\r 9 ! abs5ce ( du/ w\ld1 h[ev]1 be by contact ) ! high] slopes ( all m\nta9 ranges4 ,atmosph]ic vap\r1 be+ light] ?an air1 w\ld accumulate 9 enorm\s quantities 9 ! upp] /rata ( ! atmosph]e1 :i* w\ld be always sup]-saturat$ & ready to cond5se ^u any solid or liquid surfaces4 ,b ! quantity ( l& compris$ 9 ! upp] half ( all ! m\nta9s ( ! _w is a v small fraction ( ! total surface ( ! globe1 & ?is w\ld lead to v disa/r\s results4 ,! air 9 contact ) ! high] m\nta9 slopes w\ld rapidly dis*>ge its wat]1 :i* w\ld run d[n ! m\nta9 sides 9 torr5ts4 ,?is cond5sation on e side ( ! m\nta9s w\ld leave a p>tial vacuum :i* w\ld set up curr5ts f e direction to re/ore ! equilibrium1 ?us br++ 9 m sup]-saturat$ air to suff] cond5sation & add its supply ( wat]1 aga9 increas+ ! 9-draught ( m air4 ,! result w\ld be t w9ds w\ld be con/antly bl[+ t[>d e m\nta9 range f all directions1 keep+ up ! cond5sation & dis*>g+1 day & night & f "o ye>'s end to ano!r1 an am\nt ( wat] equal to t :i* falls dur+ ! heavie/ tropical ra9s4 ,all ( ! ra9 t n[ falls ov] ! :ole surface ( ! e>? & ocean1 ) ! exception ( a few des]t areas1 w\ld !n fall only on r high m\nta9s or /eep isolat$ hills1 te>+ d[n _! sides 9 huge torr5ts1 cutt+ deep rav9es1 & r5d]+ all gr[? ( vegetation impossible4 ,! m\nta9s w\ld !re=e be s deva/at$ z to be un9habitable1 & w\ld be equally incapable ( support+ ei!r vegetable or animal life4 ,b ?is con/ant cond5sation on ! m\nta9s w\ld probably *eck ! deposit on ! l[l&s 9 ! =m ( dew1 because ! cont9ual up-draught t[>d ! high] slopes w\ld )draw almo/ ! :ole ( ! vap\r z x arose f ! oceans1 & o!r wat]-surfaces1 & ?us leave ! l[] /rata ov] ! pla9s almo/ or q dry4 ,& if ?is 7 ! case !re w\ld be no vegetation1 & !re=e no animal life1 on ! pla9s & l[l&s1 :i* w\ld ?us be all arid des]ts cut ?r\gh by ! great riv]s =m$ by ! meet+ toge!r ( ! innum]able torr5ts f ! m\nta9s4 ,n[1 al?\gh x may n be possible to det]m9e ) p]fect accuracy :at w\ld happ5 "u ! suppos$ condition ( ! atmosph]e1 x is c]ta9 t ! total abs5ce ( du/ w\ld s fundam5tally *ange ! meteorology ( our globe z1 n improbably1 to r5d] x un9habitable by man1 & equally unsuitable = ! l>g] portion ( its exi/+ animal & vegetable life4 ,let u n[ briefly summ>ise :at we owe to ! univ]sality ( du/1 & especially to t mo/ f9ely divid$ portion ( x :i* is con/antly pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e up to ! height ( _m miles4 ,fir/ ( all x gives u ! pure blue ( ! sky1 "o ( ! mo/ exquisitely beautiful col\rs 9 nature4 ,x gives u also ! glories ( ! sunset & ! sunrise1 & all ^? brilliant hues se5 9 high m\nta9 regions4 ,half ! beauty ( ! _w w\ld vani% ) ! abs5ce ( du/4 ,b1 :at is f> m important ?an ! col\r ( sky & beauty ( sunset1 du/ gives u also diffus$ daylight1 or skylight1 t mo/ equable1 & soo?+1 & useful1 ( all illum9at+ ag5cies4 ,)\t du/ ! sky w\ld appe> absolutely black1 & ! />s w\ld be visible ev5 at noonday4 ,! sky itself w\ld !re=e give u no light4 ,we %\ld h bright gl>+ sunlight or int5sely d>k %ad[s1 ) h>dly any half-tones4 ,f ?is cause alone ! _w w\ld be s totally diff]5t f :at x is t all vegetable & animal life w\ld probably h develop$ into v diff]5t =ms1 & ev5 our own organisation w\ld h be5 modifi$ 9 ord] t we might enjoy life 9 a _w ( su* h>% & viol5t contra/s4 ,9 our h\ses we %\ld h little light except :5 ! sun %one directly into !m1 & ev5 !n e spot out ( its direct rays w\ld be completely d>k1 except = light reflect$ f ! walls4 ,x w\ld be necess>y to h w9d[s all ar\nd & ! walls all :ite2 & on ! nor? side ( e h\se a high :ite wall w\ld h to be built to reflect ! light & prev5t t side f be+ 9 total d>kness4 ,ev5 !n we %\ld h to live 9 a p]petual gl>e1 or %ut out ! sun altoge!r & use artificial light z be+ a f> sup]ior article4 ,mu* m important w\ld be ! effects ( a du/-free atmosph]e 9 bani%+ cl\ds1 or mi/1 or ! g5tle ra9 ( heav51 & 9 giv+ u 9 _! place p]petual sun%9e1 des]t l[l&s1 & m\nta9s deva/at$ by unceas+ floods & rag+ torr5ts1 s z1 app>5tly1 to r5d] all life on ! e>? impossible4 ,!re are a few o!r ph5om5a1 app>5tly due to ! same g5]al causes1 :i* may "h be ref]r$ to4 ,ev]yone mu/ h notic$ ! diff]5ce 9 ! atmosph]ic effects & g5]al "* ( ! light 9 spr+ & autumn1 at times :5 ! days are ( ! same l5g?1 & consequ5tly :5 ! sun has ! same altitude at correspond+ h\rs4 ,9 spr+ we h a blu] sky & great] transp>5cy ( ! atmosph]e2 9 autumn1 ev5 on v f9e days1 !re is always a k9d ( yell[i% haze1 result+ 9 a want ( cle>ness 9 ! air & purity ( col\r 9 ! sky4 ,^! ph5om5a are q intelligible :5 we consid] t dur+ w9t] less du/ is =m$1 & m is br\ght d[n to ! e>? by ra9 & sn[1 result+ 9 ! transp>5t atmosph]e ( spr+1 :ile exactly opposite conditions dur+ summ] br+ ab\t ! mell[ autumnal light4 ,aga91 ! well-kn[n b5eficial effects ( ra9 on vegetation1 z comp>$ ) any am\nt ( artificial wat]+1 ?\gh1 no d\bt1 l>gely due to ! m9ute quantity ( ammonia :i* ! ra9 br+s d[n ) x f ! air1 mu/ yet be p>tly d]iv$ f ! organic or m9]al p>ticles :i* s]ve z ! nuclei ( e ra9drop1 & :i*1 be+ s m9ute1 are ! m readily dissolv$ 9 ! soil & appropriat$ z n\ri%m5t by ! roots ( plants4 ,x w be obs]v$ t all ^! b5eficial effects ( du/ are due to its pres5ce 9 su* quantities z are produc$ by natural causes1 s9ce bo? g5tle %[]s z well z ample ra9s & deep blue skies are pres5t ?r\gh\t ! va/ equatorial =e/ di/ricts1 :]e du/-=m+ ag5cies seem to be at a m9imum4 ,b 9 all d5sely-populat$ c\ntries !re is an enorm\s artificial production ( du/--f our pl\gh$ fields1 f our roads & /reets1 :]e du/ is cont9ually =m$ by ! iron-%od ho(s ( innum]able horses1 b *iefly f our enorm\s combu/ion ( fuel p\r+ into ! air volumes ( smoke *>g$ ) unconsum$ p>ticles ( c>bon4 ,?is sup]abundance ( du/1 probably _m times great] ?an t :i* w\ld be produc$ "u ! m natural conditions :i* prevail$ :5 our c\ntry 0 m ?9ly populat$1 mu/ almo/ c]ta9ly produce "s effect on our climate2 & ! p>ticul> effect x seems calculat$ to produce is ! increase ( cl\d & fog1 b n necess>ily any increase ( ra94 ,ra9 dep5ds on ! supply ( aque\s vap\r by evaporation2 on temp]ature1 :i* det]m9es ! dew po9t2 & on *anges 9 b>ometric pressure1 :i* det]m9e ! w9ds4 ,!re is probably always & ev]y:]e en\gh atmosph]ic du/ to s]ve z c5tres ( cond5sation at consid]able altitudes1 & ?us to initiate ra9fall :5 ! o!r conditions are fav\rable2 b ! pres5ce ( increas$ quantities ( du/ at ! l[] levels mu/ lead to ! =mation ( d5s] cl\ds1 al?\gh ! m9ute wat]-vesicles _c desc5d z ra91 because1 z !y pass d[n into w>m] & dry] /rata ( air1 !y are aga9 evaporat$4 ,n[1 !re is mu* evid5ce to %[ t !re has be5 a consid]able increase 9 ! am\nt ( cl\d1 & consequ5t decrease 9 ! am\nt ( sun%9e1 9 all p>ts ( our c\ntry4 ,x is an und\bt$ fact t 9 ! ,middle ,ages ,engl& 0 a w9e-produc+ c\ntry1 & ?is implies m sun%9e ?an we h n[4 ,sun%9e has a d\ble effect1 9 heat+ ! surface soil & ?us caus+ m rapid gr[?1 besides its direct effect 9 rip5+ ! fruit4 ,?is is well se5 9 ,canada1 :]e1 not)/&+ a six mon?s' w9t] ( extreme sev]ity1 v9es are gr[n z bu%es 9 ! op5 gr\nd1 & produce fruit equal to t ( our ord9>y gre5h\ses4 ,"s ye>s back "o ( our g>d5+ p]iodicals obta9$ f g>d5]s ( =ty or fifty ye>s' exp]i5ce a body ( facts cle>ly indicat+ a comp>atively rec5t *ange ( climate4 ,x 0 /at$ t 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 especially 9 ! nor?1 fruits 7 =m]ly gr[n successfully & ( good quality 9 g>d5s :]e !y _c be gr[n n[2 & ?is occurr$ 9 places suffici5tly remov$ f manufactur+ c5tres to be unaffect$ by any direct delet]i\s influ5ce ( smoke4 ,b an increase ( cl\d1 & consequ5t dim9ution ( sun%9e1 w\ld produce j su* a result2 & ?is increase is almo/ c]ta9 to h occurr$ ow+ to ! enorm\sly increas$ am\nt ( du/ ?r[n into ! atmosph]e z our c\ntry has become m d5sely populat$1 & especially ow+ to ! va/ increase ( our smoke-produc+ manufactories4 ,x seems highly probable1 !re=e1 t to increase ! weal? ( our capitali/-manufactur]s we are all[+ ! climate ( our :ole c\ntry to be greatly det]iorat$ 9 a way :i* dim9i%es bo? its productiv5ess & its beauty1 ?us injuri\sly affect+ ! enjoym5t & ! heal? ( ! :ole population1 s9ce sun%9e is itself an ess5tial condition ( heal?y life4 ,:5 ?is fact is ?or\ghly realis$ we %all surely put a /op to su* a reckless & :olly unnecess>y production ( injuri\s smoke & du/4 ,9 conclusion1 we f9d t ! mu*-abus$ & all-p]vad+ du/1 :i*1 :5 too freely produc$1 det]iorates our climate & br+s u dirt1 discom=t1 & ev5 disease1 is1 nev]!less1 "u natural conditions1 an ess5tial portion ( ! economy ( nature4 ,x gives u mu* ( ! beauty ( natural sc5]y1 z due to v>y+ atmosph]ic effects ( sky1 & cl\d1 & sunset t9ts1 & ?us r5d]s life m enjoyable2 :ile1 z an ess5tial condition ( diffus$ daylight & ( mod]ate ra9falls comb9$ ) a dry atmosph]e1 x appe>s to be absolutely necess>y = our exi/5ce ^u ! e>?1 p]haps ev5 = ! v developm5t ( t]re/rial1 z oppos$ to aquatic life4 ,! ov]:elm+ importance ( ! small ?+s1 & ev5 ( ! despis$ ?+s1 ( our _w has nev]1 p]haps1 be5 s /rik+ly br\ght home to u z 9 ^! rec5t inve/igations into ! wide-spread & f>-rea*+ b5eficial influ5ces ( ,atmosph]ic ,du/4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #fa3 ,*apt] ,,ix ( ,! ,wond]ful ,c5tury1 copyright1 #ahih1 by ,dodd1 ,mead & ,company4 ,! *apt] is "h repr9t$ by p]mission ( ! au?or1 ,dr4 ,wallace1 & ( ! publi%]s4 ,,! ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,ants#fb ,,h5ry ,,david ,,?oreau ,"o day :5 ,i w5t out to my wood-pile1 or r my pile ( /umps1 ,i obs]v$ two l>ge ants1 ! "o r$1 ! o!r mu* l>g]1 ne>ly half an in* long1 & black1 fi]cely cont5d+ ) "o ano!r4 ,hav+ once got hold !y nev] let g1 b /ruggl$ & wre/l$ & roll$ on ! *ips incessantly4 ,look+ f>!r1 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d t ! *ips 7 cov]$ ) su* combatants1 t x 0 n a duellum1 b a bellum1 a w> betwe5 two races ( ants1 ! r$ always pitt$ aga9/ ! black1 & frequ5tly two r$ ones to "o black4 ,! legions ( ^! ,myrmidons cov]$ all ! hills & vales 9 my wood-y>d1 & ! gr\nd 0 already /rewn ) ! dead & dy+1 bo? r$ & black4 ,x 0 ! only battle :i* ,i h ev] witness$1 ! only battlefield ,i ev] trod :ile ! battle 0 rag+2 int]nec9e w>2 ! r$ republicans on ! "o h&1 & ! black imp]iali/s on ! o!r4 ,on e side !y 7 engag$ 9 deadly combat1 yet )\t any noise t ,i c\ld he>1 & human soldi]s nev] f\ght s resolutely4 ,i wat*$ a c\ple t 7 fa/ lock$ 9 ea* o!r's embraces1 9 a little sunny valley amid ! *ips1 n[ at noon-day prep>$ to fight till ! sun w5t d[n1 or life w5t out4 ,! small] r$ *ampion _h fa/5$ himself l a vice to 8 adv]s>y's front1 & ?r\gh all ! tumbl+s on t field nev] = an in/ant ceas$ to gnaw at "o ( 8 feel]s ne> ! root1 hav+ already caus$ ! o!r to g by ! bo>d2 :ile ! /rong] black "o da%$ him f side to side1 &1 z ,i saw on look+ ne>]1 _h already dive/$ him ( sev]al ( 8 memb]s4 ,!y f\ght ) m p]t9acity ?an bull-dogs4 ,nei!r manife/$ ! lea/ disposition to retreat4 ,x 0 evid5t t _! battle-cry 0 ,conqu] or ,die4 ,9 ! mean:ile !re came along a s+le r$ ant on ! hill-side ( ?is valley1 evid5tly full ( excitem5t1 :o ei!r _h despat*$ 8 foe1 or _h n yet tak5 "p 9 ! battle2 probably ! latt]1 = he _h lo/ none ( 8 limbs2 ^: "m _h *>g$ him to return ) 8 %ield or ^u x4 ,or p]*ance he 0 "s ,a*illes1 :o _h n\ri%$ 8 wra? ap>t1 & _h n[ come to av5ge or rescue 8 ,patroclus4#fc ,he saw ?is unequal combat f af>1--= ! blacks 7 ne>ly twice ! size ( ! r$s2 he drew ne> ) rapid pace till he /ood on 8 gu>d )9 half an in* ( ! combatants2 !n1 wat*+ 8 opportunity1 he sprang ^u ! black w>rior1 & comm5c$ 8 op]ations ne> ! root ( 8 "r =eleg1 leav+ ! foe to select among 8 own memb]s2 & s !re 7 ?ree unit$ = life1 z if a new k9d ( attraction _h be5 inv5t$ :i* put all o!r locks & cem5ts to %ame4 ,i %\ld n h wond]$ by ?is "t to f9d t !y _h _! respective musical b&s /ation$ on "s em95t *ip1 & play+ _! national airs ! :ile1 to excite ! sl[ & *e] ! dy+ combatants4 ,i 0 myself excit$ some:at ev5 z if !y _h be5 m54 ,! m y ?9k ( x1 ! less ! diff]5ce4 ,& c]ta9ly !re is n ! fight record$ 9 ,concord hi/ory1 at lea/1 if 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 t w be> a mom5t's comp>ison ) ?is1 :e!r = ! numb]s engag$ 9 x1 or = ! patriotism & h]oism display$4 ,= numb]s & = c>nage x 0 an ,au/]litz or ,dresd54 ,concord ,fight6 ,two kill$ on ! patriots' side1 & ,lu!r ,blan*>d w\nd$6 ,:y "h e ant 0 a ,buttrick1--,fire6 = ,god's sake1 fire6--& ?\s&s %>$ ! fate ( ,davis & ,hosm]4 ,!re 0 n "o hirel+ !re4 ,i h no d\bt t x 0 a pr9ciple !y f\ght =1 z mu* z our ance/ors1 & n to avoid a ?ree-p5ny tax on _! tea2 & ! results ( ?is battle w be z important & memorable to ^? :om x conc]ns z ^? ( ! battle ( ,bunk] ,hill1 at lea/4 ,i took up ! *ip on :i* ! ?ree ,i h p>ticul>ly describ$ 7 /ruggl+1 c>ri$ x into my h\se1 & plac$ x "u a tumbl] on my w9d[-sill1 9 ord] to see ! issue4 ,hold+ a microscope to ! fir/-m5tion$ r$ ant1 ,i saw t1 ?\gh he 0 assidu\sly gnaw+ at ! ne> =e-leg ( 8 enemy1 hav+ sev]$ 8 rema9+ feel]1 8 own brea/ 0 all torn away1 expos+ :at vitals he _h !re to ! jaws ( ! black w>rior1 ^: brea/-plate 0 app>5tly too ?ick = him to pi]ce2 & ! d>k c>buncles ( ! suff]]'s eyes %one ) f]ocity su* z w> only c\ld excite4 ,!y /ruggl$ half an h\r long] "u ! tumbl]1 & :5 ,i look$ aga9 ! black soldi] _h sev]$ ! heads ( 8 foes f _! bodies1 & ! /ill liv+ heads 7 hang+ on ei!r side ( him l gha/ly trophies at 8 saddleb[1 /ill app>5tly z firmly fa/5$ z ev]1 & he 0 endeavor+ ) feeble /ruggles1 be+ )\t feel]s & ) only ! remnant ( a leg1 & ,i "k n h[ _m o!r w\nds1 to dive/ himself ( !m2 :i* at l5g?1 aft] half an h\r m1 he accompli%$4 ,i rais$ ! glass1 & he w5t (f ov] ! w9d[-sill 9 t crippl$ /ate4 ,:e!r he f9ally surviv$ t combat1 & sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 days 9 "s ,hotel des ,invalides1 ,i d n "k2 b ,i ?\ght t 8 indu/ry w\ld n be wor? mu* !reaft]4 ,i nev] le>n$ :i* p>ty 0 victori\s1 nor ! cause ( ! w>2 b ,i felt = ! re/ ( t day z if ,i _h _h my feel+s excit$ & h>r[$ by witness+ ! /ruggle1 ! f]ocity & c>nage1 ( a human battle be=e my door4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce tell u t ! battles ( ants h long be5 celebrat$ & ! date ( !m record$1 ?\gh !y say t ,hub] is ! only mod]n au?or :o appe>s to h witness$ !m4 ,a5eas ,sylvius1 say !y1 aft] giv+ a v circum/antial acc\nt ( "o conte/$ ) great ob/9acy by a great & small species on ! trunk ( a pe> tree1 adds t ',?is action 0 f\ght 9 ! pontificate ( ,eug5ius ! ,f\r?1 9 ! pres5ce ( ,ni*olas ,pi/ori5sis1 an em95t lawy]1 :o relat$ ! :ole hi/ory ( ! battle ) ! greate/ fidelity4' ,a simil> engagem5t betwe5 great & small ants is record$ by ,olaus ,magnus1 9 :i* ! small ones be+ victori\s1 are said to h buri$ ! bodies ( _! own soldi]s1 b left ^? ( _! giant enemies a prey to ! birds4 ,?is ev5t happ5$ previ\s to ! expulsion ( ! tyrant ,*ri/i]n ! ,second f ,sw$54 ,! battle :i* ,i witness$ took place 9 ! ,presid5cy ( ,polk1 five ye>s be=e ! passage ( ,web/]'s ,fugitive-,slave ,bill4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #fb3 ,f ,*apt] ,,xii ( ,wald51 #ahed4 ,footnote #fc3 ,patroclus1 9 ,hom]'s ,iliad1 0 ! fri5d ^: dea? at ! h&s ( ! ,trojans r\s$ ,a*illes to action4 ,a ,,w9d-,,/orm ,,9 ,,! ,,=e/s#fd ,,john ,,muir ,! m\nta9 w9ds1 l ! dew & ra91 sun%9e & sn[1 are measur$ & be/[$ ) love on ! =e/s1 to develop _! /r5g? & beauty4 ,h[ev] re/rict$ ! scope ( o!r =e/ influ5ces1 t ( ! w9ds is univ]sal4 ,! sn[ b5ds & trims ! upp] =e/s e w9t]1 ! lightn+ /rikes a s+le tree "h & !re1 :ile avalan*es m[ d[n ?\s&s at a swoop z a g>d5] trims out a b$ ( fl[]s4 ,b ! w9ds g to e tree1 f+]+ e leaf & bran* & furr[$ hole2 n "o is =gott53 ! ,m\nta9 ,p9e t[]+ ) out/ret*$ arms on ! rugg$ buttresses ( ! icy peaks1 ! l[lie/ & mo/ retir+ t5ant ( ! dells--!y seek & f9d !m all1 c>ess+ !m t5d]ly1 b5d+ !m 9 lu/y ex]cise1 /imulat+ _! gr[?1 pluck+ (f a leaf or limb z requir$1 or remov+ an entire tree or grove1 n[ :isp]+ & coo+ ?r\gh ! bran*es l a sleepy *ild1 n[ ro>+ l ! ocean2 ! w9ds bless+ ! =e/s1 ! =e/s ! w9ds1 ) ineffable beauty & h>mony z ! sure result4 ,aft] "o has se5 p9es six feet 9 diamet] b5d+ l grasses be=e a m\nta9 gale1 & ev] & anon "s giant fall+ ) a cra% t %akes ! hills1 x seems a/oni%+ t any1 save ! l[e/ ?ick-set trees1 c\ld ev] h f\nd a p]iod suffici5tly /ormless to e/abli% !mselves2 or once e/abli%$1 t !y %\ld n soon] or lat] h be5 bl[n d[n4 ,b :5 ! /orm is ov]1 & we behold ! same =e/s tranquil aga91 t[]+ fre% & unsca!d 9 erect maje/y1 & consid] :at c5turies ( /orms h fall5 ^u !m s9ce !y 7 fir/ plant$3 hail1 to break ! t5d] se$l+s2 lightn+1 to scor* & %att]2 sn[1 w9ds1 & avalan*es1 to cru% & ov]:elm1--:ile ! manife/ result ( all ?is wild /orm-culture is ! glori\s p]fection we behold3 !n fai? 9 ,nature's =e/ry is e/abli%$1 & we cease to deplore ! viol5ce ( h] mo/ de/ructive gales1 or ( any o!r /orm implem5t :atsoev]4 ,!re are two trees 9 ! ,si]ra =e/s t are nev] bl[n d[n1 s long z !y cont9ue 9 s\nd heal?4 ,^! are ! ,junip] & ! ,dw>f ,p9e ( ! summit peaks4 ,_! /iff1 crook$ roots grip ! /orm-beat5 l$ges l eagles' claws2 :ile _! li!1 cord-l bran*es b5d r\nd compliantly1 (f]+ b slight holds = w9ds1 h[ev] viol5t4 ,! o!r alp9e conif]s--! ,ne$le ,p9e1 ,m\nta9 ,p9e1 ,two-leav$ ,p9e1 & ,hemlock ,spruce--are nev] ?9n$ out by ?is ag5t to any de/ructive ext5t1 on acc\nt ( _! admirable t\ghness & ! clos5ess ( _! gr[?4 ,9 g5]al ! same is true ( ! giants ( ! l[] zones4 ,! k+ly ,sug> ,p9e1 t[]+ al(t to a height ( m ?an two hundr$ feet1 (f]s a f9e m>k to /orm-w9ds2 b x is n d5sely foliag$1 & its long horizontal arms sw+ r\nd compliantly 9 ! bla/1 l tresses ( gre51 flu5t algae 9 a brook3 :ile ! ,silv] ,firs 9 mo/ places keep _! ranks well toge!r 9 unit$ /r5g?4 ,! ,yell[ or ,silv] ,p9e is m frequ5tly ov]turn$ ?an any o!r tree on ! ,si]ra1 because its leaves & bran*es =m a l>g] mass 9 proportion to its height2 :ile 9 _m places x is plant$ sp>sely1 leav+ op5 lanes ?r\gh :i* /orms may ent] ) full =ce4 ,fur!rmore1 because x is di/ribut$ along ! l[] portion ( ! range1 :i* 0 ! fir/ to be left b>e on ! break+ up ( ! ice-%eet at ! close ( ! glacial w9t]1 ! soil x is gr[+ ^u has be5 long] expos$ to po/-glacial wea!r+1 & consequ5tly is 9 a m crumbl+1 decay$ condition ?an ! fre%] soils f>!r up ! range1 & !re=e (f]s a less secure an*orage = ! roots4 ,:ile explor+ ! =e/ zones ( ,m\nt ,%a/a1 ,i discov]$ ! pa? ( a hurricane /rewn ) ?\s&s ( p9es ( ?is species4 ,great & small _h be5 uproot$ or wr5*$ (f by %e] =ce1 mak+ a clean gap1 l t made by a sn[ avalan*e4 ,b hurricanes capable ( do+ ?is class ( "w are r>e 9 ! ,si]ra2 & :5 we h explor$ ! =e/s f "o extremity ( ! range to ! o!r1 we are compell$ to believe t !y are ! mo/ beautiful on ! face ( ! e>?1 h[ev] we may reg>d ! ag5ts t h made !m s4 ,!re is always some?+ deeply excit+1 n only 9 ! s\nds ( w9ds 9 ! woods1 :i* ex]t m or less influ5ce ov] e m9d1 b 9 _! v>i$ wat]-l fl[ z manife/$ by ! movem5ts ( ! trees1 especially ^? ( ! conif]s4 ,by no o!r trees are !y r5d]$ s ext5sively & impressively visible2 n ev5 by ! lordly tropic palms or tree-f]ns responsive to ! g5tle/ breeze4 ,! wav+ ( a =e/ ( ! giant ,sequoias is indescribably impressive & sublime2 b ! p9es seem to me ! be/ int]pret]s ( w9ds4 ,!y are mighty wav+ gold5-rods1 ev] 9 tune1 s++ & writ+ w9d-music all _! long c5tury lives4 ,little1 h[ev]1 ( ?is noble tree-wav+ & tree-music w y see or he> 9 ! /rictly alp9e portion ( ! =e/s4 ,! burly ,junip] ^: gir? sometimes m ?an equals its height1 is ab\t z rigid z ! rocks on :i* x gr[s4 ,! sl5d] la%-l sprays ( ! ,dw>f ,p9e /ream out 9 wav]+ ripples1 b ! talle/ & sl5d]e/ are f> too unyield+ to wave ev5 9 ! heavie/ gales4 ,!y only %ake 9 quick1 %ort vibrations4 ,! ,hemlock ,spruce1 h[ev]1 & ! ,m\nta9 ,p9e1 & "s ( ! talle/ ?ickets ( ! ,two-leav$ species1 b[ 9 /orms ) consid]able scope & gracefulness4 ,b x is only 9 ! l[] & middle zones t ! meet+ ( w9ds & woods is to be se5 9 all its gr&eur4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful & exhil>at+ /orms ,i ev] enjoy$ 9 ! ,si]ra occurr$ 9 ,decemb]1 #ahgd1 :5 ,i happ5$ to be explor+ "o ( ! tribut>y valleys ( ! ,yuba ,riv]4 ,! sky & ! gr\nd & ! trees _h be5 ?or\ghly ra9-wa%$ & 7 dry aga94 ,! day 0 int5sely pure3 "o ( ^? incomp>able bits ( ,cali=nia w9t]1 w>m & balmy & full ( :ite sp>kl+ sun%9e1 r$ol5t ( all ! pure/ influ5ces ( ! spr+1 & at ! same "t enliv5$ ) "o ( ! mo/ brac+ w9d-/orms conceivable4 ,in/ead ( camp+ out1 z ,i usually d1 ,i !n *anc$ to be /opp+ at ! h\se ( a fri5d4 ,b :5 ! /orm began to s\nd1 ,i lo/ no "t 9 pu%+ out into ! woods to enjoy x4 ,= on su* occasions ,nature has always some?+ r>e to %[ u1 & ! dang] to life & limb is h>dly great] ?an "o w\ld exp]i5ce cr\*+ deprecat+ly b5ea? a ro(4 ,x 0 /ill e>ly morn+ :5 ,i f\nd myself fairly adrift4 ,delici\s sun%9e came p\r+ ov] ! hills1 light+ ! tops ( ! p9es1 & sett+ free a /eam ( summ]y fragrance t contra/$ /rangely ) ! wild tones ( ! /orm4 ,! air 0 mottl$ ) p9e-tassels & bright gre5 plumes1 t w5t fla%+ pa/ 9 ! sunlight l birds pursu$4 ,b !re 0 n ! slighte/ du/9ess2 no?+ less pure ?an leaves1 & ripe poll51 & flecks ( )]$ brack5 & moss4 ,i he>d trees fall+ = h\rs at ! rate ( "o e two or ?ree m9utes3 "s uproot$1 p>tly on acc\nt ( ! loose1 wat]-soak$ condition ( ! gr\nd2 o!rs brok5 /raight across1 :]e "s weakness caus$ by fire _h det]m9$ ! spot4 ,! ge/ures ( ! v>i\s trees made a delightful /udy4 ,"y ,sug> ,p9es1 light & fea!ry z squirrel-tails1 7 b[+ almo/ to ! gr\nd2 :ile ! gr& old patri>*s1 ^: massive boles _h be5 tri$ 9 a hundr$ /orms1 wav$ solemnly above !m1 _! long1 ar*+ bran*es /ream+ flu5tly on ! gale1 & e ne$le ?rill+ & r++ & %$d+ (f ke5 lances ( light l a diamond4 ,! ,d\glas ,spruces1 ) long sprays drawn out 9 level tresses1 & ne$les mass$ 9 a gray1 %imm]+ gl[1 pres5t$ a mo/ /rik+ appe>ance z !y /ood 9 bold relief along ! hilltops4 ,! madroos 9 ! dells1 ) _! r$ b>k & l>ge glossy leaves tilt$ e way1 reflect$ ! sun%9e 9 ?robb+ spangles l ^? "o s (t5 sees on ! rippl$ surface ( a glaci] lake4 ,b ! ,silv] ,p9es 7 n[ ! mo/ impressively beautiful ( all4 ,colossal spires two hundr$ feet 9 height wav$ l supple gold5-rods *ant+ & b[+ l[ z if 9 wor%ip2 :ile ! :ole mass ( _! long1 tremul\s foliage 0 k9dl$ into "o cont9u\s blaze ( :ite sun-fire4 ,! =ce ( ! gale 0 su* t ! mo/ /eadfa/ mon>* ( !m all rock$ d[n to its roots1 ) a motion pla9ly p]ceptible :5 "o lean$ aga9/ x4 ,nature 0 hold+ high fe/ival1 & e fib] ( ! mo/ rigid giants ?rill$ ) glad excitem5t4 ,i drift$ on ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ?is passionate music & motion1 across _m a gl51 f ridge to ridge2 (t5 halt+ 9 ! lee ( a rock = %elt]1 or to gaze & li/54 ,ev5 :5 ! gr& an!m _h swell$ to its highe/ pit*1 ,i c\ld di/9ctly he> ! v>y+ tones ( individual trees--,spruce1 & ,fir1 & ,p9e1 & leafless ,oak--& ev5 ! inf9itely g5tle ru/le ( ! )]$ grasses at my feet4 ,ea* 0 express+ itself 9 its own way--s++ its own song1 & mak+ its own peculi> ge/ures--manife/+ a ri*ness ( v>iety to be f\nd 9 no o!r =e/ ,i h yet se54 ,! conif]\s woods ( ,canada & ! ,c>ol9as & ,florida1 are made up ( trees t resemble "o ano!r ab\t z ne>ly z blades ( grass1 & gr[ close toge!r 9 mu* ! same way4 ,conif]\s trees1 9 g5]al1 seldom possess individual "*1 su* z is manife/ among ,oaks & ,elms4 ,b ! ,cali=nia =e/s are made up ( a great] numb] ( di/9ct species ?an any o!r 9 ! _w4 ,& 9 !m we f9d1 n only a m>k$ diff]5tiation into special gr\ps1 b also a m>k$ individuality 9 almo/ e tree1 giv+ rise to /orm effects indescribably glori\s4 ,t[>d midday1 aft] a long1 t+l+ scramble ?r\gh copses ( hazel & ceano?us1 ,i ga9$ ! summit ( ! highe/ ridge 9 ! neighborhood2 & !n x occurr$ to me t x w\ld be a f9e ?+ to climb "o ( ! trees1 to obta9 a wid] outlook & get my e> close to ! ,aeolian music ( its topmo/ ne$les4 ,b "u ! circum/ances ! *oice ( a tree 0 a s]i\s matt]4 ,"o ^: in/ep 0 n v /rong seem$ 9 dang] ( be+ bl[n d[n1 or ( be+ /ruck by o!rs 9 case !y %\ld fall2 ano!r 0 bran*less to a consid]able height above ! gr\nd1 & at ! same "t too l>ge to be grasp$ ) arms & legs 9 climb+2 :ile o!rs 7 n favorably situat$ = cle> views4 ,aft] cauti\sly ca/+ ab\t1 ,i made *oice ( ! talle/ ( a gr\p ( ,d\glas ,spruces t 7 gr[+ close toge!r l a tuft ( grass1 no "o ( :i* seem$ likely to fall unless all ! re/ fell ) x4 ,?\gh comp>atively "y1 !y 7 ab\t a hundr$ feet high1 & _! li!1 bru%y tops 7 rock+ & swirl+ 9 wild ec/asy4 ,be+ accu/om$ to climb trees 9 mak+ botanical /udies1 ,i exp]i5c$ no difficulty 9 rea*+ ! top ( ?is "o2 & nev] be=e did ,i enjoy s noble an exhil>ation ( motion4 ,! sl5d] tops fairly flapp$ & swi%$ 9 ! passionate torr5t1 b5d+ & swirl+ backw>d & =w>d1 r\nd & r\nd1 trac+ indescribable comb9ations ( v]tical & horizontal curves1 :ile ,i clung ) muscles firm-brac$1 l a bobol9k on a re$4 ,9 its wide/ sweeps my tree-top describ$ an arc ( f tw5ty to ?irty degrees2 b ,i felt sure ( its ela/ic temp]1 hav+ se5 o!rs ( ! same species /ill m sev]ely tri$--b5t almo/ to ! gr\nd inde$1 9 heavy sn[s--)\t break+ a fib]4 ,i 0 !re=e safe1 & free to take ! w9d into my pulses & enjoy ! excit$ =e/ f my sup]b outlook4 ,! view f "h mu/ be extremely beautiful 9 any wea!r4 ,n[ my eye rov$ ov] ! p9y hills & dales z ov] fields ( wav+ gra91 & felt ! light runn+ 9 ripples & broad swell+ undulations across ! valleys f ridge to ridge1 z ! %9+ foliage 0 /irr$ by correspond+ waves ( air4 ,(t5times ^! waves ( reflect$ light w\ld break "o ano!r 9 regul> ord]1 !y w\ld seem to b5d =w>d 9 conc5tric curves1 & disappe> on "s hillside1 l sea waves on a %elv+ %ore4 ,! quantity ( light reflect$ f ! b5t ne$les 0 s great z to make :ole groves appe> z if cov]$ ) sn[1 :ile ! black %ad[s b5ea? ! trees greatly enhanc$ ! effect ( ! silv]y spl5dor4 ,except+ only ! %ad[s1 !re 0 no?+ somb] 9 all ?is wild sea ( p9es4 ,on ! contr>y1 not)/&+ ?is 0 ! w9t] season1 ! colors 7 rem>kably beautiful4 ,! %afts ( ! p9e & liboc$rus 7 br[n & purple1 & mo/ ( ! foliage 0 well t+$ ) yell[2 ! laurel groves1 ) ! pale "u sides ( _! leaves turn$ upw>d1 made masses ( gray2 & !n !re 0 _m a da% ( *ocolate color f clumps ( manzanita1 & jet ( vivid crimson f ! b>k ( ! madroos2 :ile ! gr\nd on ! hillsides1 appe>+ "h & !re ?r\gh op5+s betwe5 ! groves1 display$ masses ( pale purple & br[n4 ,! s\nds ( ! /orm correspond$ glori\sly ) ?is wild exub]ance ( light & motion4 ,! pr(\nd bass ( ! nak$ bran*es & boles boom+ l wat]falls2 ! quick1 t5se vibrations ( ! p9e-ne$les1 n[ ris+ to a %rill1 :i/l+ hiss1 n[ fall+ to a silky murmur2 ! ru/l+ ( laurel groves 9 ! dells1 & ! ke5 metallic click ( leaf on leaf--all ?is 0 he>d 9 easy analysis :5 ! att5tion 0 calmly b5t4 ,! v>i$ ge/ures ( ! multitude 7 se5 to f9d advantage1 s t "o c\ld recognize ! diff]5t species at a di/ance ( sev]al miles by ?is means alone1 z well z by _! =ms & colors & ! way !y reflect$ ! light4 ,all seem$ /rong & com=table1 z if really enjoy+ ! /orm1 :ile respond+ to its mo/ en?usia/ic greet+s4 ,we he> mu* n[adays conc]n+ ! univ]sal /ruggle = exi/5ce1 b no /ruggle 9 ! common mean+ ( ! ^w 0 manife/ "h2 no recognition ( dang] by any tree2 no deprecation2 b r an inv9cible gladness1 z remote f exultation z f fe>4 ,i kept my l(ty p]* = h\rs1 frequ5tly clos+ my eyes to enjoy ! music by itself1 or to fea/ quietly on ! delici\s fragrance t 0 /ream+ pa/4 ,! fragrance ( ! woods 0 less m>k$ ?an t produc$ dur+ w>m ra91 :5 s _m balsamic buds & leaves are /eep$ l tea2 b f ! *af+ ( res9y bran*es aga9/ ea* o!r1 & ! incessant attrition ( myriads ( ne$les1 ! gale 0 spic$ to a v tonic degree4 ,& besides ! fragrance f ^! local s\rces1 !re 7 traces ( sc5ts br\ght f af>4 ,= ?is w9d came fir/ f ! sea1 rubb+ aga9/ its fre%1 br9y waves1 !n di/ill$ ?r\gh ! r$woods1 ?read+ ri* f]ny gul*es1 & spread+ itself 9 broad undulat+ curr5ts ov] _m a fl[]-enamel$ ridge ( ! coa/ m\nta9s1 !n across ! gold5 pla9s1 up ! purple foot-hills1 & into ^! p9y woods ) ! v>i$ inc5se ga!r$ by ! way4 ,w9ds are adv]tisem5ts ( all !y t\*1 h[ev] mu* or little we may be able to read !m2 tell+ _! w&]+s ev5 by _! sc5ts alone4 ,m>9]s detect ! fl[]y p]fume ( l&-w9ds f> at sea1 & sea-w9ds c>ry ! fragrance ( dulce & tangle f> inl&1 :]e x is quickly recogniz$1 ?\gh m+l$ ) ! sc5ts ( a ?\s& l&-fl[]s4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is1 ,i may tell "h t ,i brea!d sea-air on ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 9 ,scotl&1 :ile a boy2 !n 0 tak5 to ,wiscons91 :]e ,i rema9$ n9ete5 ye>s2 !n1 )\t 9 all ?is "t hav+ brea!d "o brea? ( ! sea1 ,i walk$ quietly1 alone1 f ! middle ( ! ,mississippi ,valley to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 on a botanical excursion2 & :ile 9 ,florida1 f> f ! coa/1 my att5tion :olly b5t on ! spl5did tropical vegetation ab\t me1 ,i sudd5ly recogniz$ a sea-breeze1 z x came sift+ ?r\gh ! palmettos & bloom+ v9e-tangles1 :i* at once awak5$ & set free a ?\s& dormant associations1 & made me a boy aga9 9 ,scotl&1 z if all ! int]v5+ ye>s _h be5 annihilat$4 ,mo/ p l to look at m\nta9 riv]s1 & be> !m 9 m9d2 b few c>e to look at ! w9ds1 ?\gh f> m beautiful & sublime1 & ?\gh !y become at times ab\t z visible z fl[+ wat]4 ,:5 ! nor? w9ds 9 w9t] are mak+ upw>d sweeps ov] ! curv+ summits ( ! ,high ,si]ra1 ! fact is sometimes publi%$ ) fly+ sn[-bann]s a mile long4 ,^? portions ( ! w9ds ?us embodi$ c sc>ce be :olly invisible1 ev5 to ! d>ke/ imag9ation4 ,& :5 we look ar\nd ov] an agitat$ =e/1 we may see some?+ ( ! w9d t /irs x1 by its effects ^u ! trees4 ,yond] x desc5ds 9 a ru% ( wat]-l ripples1 & sweeps ov] ! b5d+ p9es f hill to hill4 ,ne>]1 we see deta*$ plumes & leaves1 n[ spe$+ by on level curr5ts1 n[ :irl+ 9 eddies1 or escap+ ov] ! edges ( ! :irls1 so>+ al(t on gr&1 upswell+ domes ( air1 or toss+ on flame-l cre/s4 ,smoo?1 deep curr5ts1 cascades1 falls1 & swirl+ eddies1 s+ ar\nd e tree & leaf1 & ov] all ! v>i$ topography ( ! region ) tell+ *anges ( =m1 l m\nta9 riv]s con=m+ to ! features ( _! *annels4 ,aft] trac+ ! ,si]ra /reams f _! f\nta9s to ! pla9s1 m>k+ :]e !y bloom :ite 9 falls1 glide 9 cry/al plumes1 surge gray & foam-fill$ 9 b[ld]-*ok$ gorges1 & slip ?r\gh ! woods 9 long1 tranquil rea*es--aft] ?us le>n+ _! language & =ms 9 detail1 we may at l5g? he> !m *ant+ all toge!r 9 "o gr& an!m1 & compreh5d !m all 9 cle> inn] vision1 cov]+ ! range l lace4 ,b ev5 ?is spectacle is f> less sublime & n a :it m sub/antial ?an :at we may behold ( ^! /orm-/reams ( air 9 ! m\nta9 woods4 ,we all travel ! ,milky ,way toge!r1 trees & m52 b x nev] occurr$ to me until ?is /orm day1 :ile sw++ 9 ! w9d1 t trees are travel]s1 9 ! ord9>y s5se4 ,!y make _m j\rneys2 n ext5sive ones1 x is true2 b our own little j\rneys1 away & back aga91 are only little m ?an tree-wav+s--_m ( !m n s mu*4 ,:5 ! /orm began to abate1 ,i dism\nt$ & saunt]$ d[n ?r\gh ! calm+ woods4 ,! /orm-tones di$ away1 & turn+ t[>d ! ea/1 ,i beheld ! c\ntless ho/s ( ! =e/s hu%$ & tranquil1 t[]+ above "o ano!r on ! slopes ( ! hills l a dev\t audi5ce4 ,! sett+ sun fill$ !m ) amb] light1 & seem$ to say1 :ile !y li/5$1 ,my peace ,i give unto y4 ,z ,i gaz$ on ! impressive sc5e1 all ! s-call$ ru9 ( ! /orm 0 =gott52 & nev] be=e did ^! noble woods appe> s fre%1 s joy\s1 s immortal4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #fd3 ,f ,! ,m\nta9s ( ,cali=nia1 copyright #ahid4 ,pr9t$ "h by p]mission ( ! ,c5tury ,company4 ,,wald5 ,,pond#fe ,,h5ry ,,david ,,?oreau ,occasionally1 aft] my hoe+ 0 done = ! day1 ,i jo9$ "s impati5t companion :o _h be5 fi%+ on ! pond s9ce morn+1 z sil5t & motionless z a duck or a float+ leaf1 &1 aft] practis+ v>i\s k9ds ( philosophy1 _h conclud$ commonly1 by ! "t ,i arriv$1 t he belong$ to ! anci5t sect ( ,co5obites4 ,!re 0 "o old] man1 an excell5t fi%] & skill$ 9 all k9ds ( woodcraft1 :o 0 pleas$ to look ^u my h\se z a build+ erect$ = ! conv5i5ce ( fi%]m52 & ,i 0 equally pleas$ :5 he sat 9 my doorway to arrange 8 l9es4 ,once 9 a :ile we sat toge!r on ! pond1 he at "o end ( ! boat1 & ,i at ! o!r2 b n _m words pass$ betwe5 u1 = he _h gr[n deaf 9 8 lat] ye>s1 b he occasionally humm$ a psalm1 :i* h>moniz$ well en\gh ) my philosophy4 ,our int]c\rse 0 ?us altoge!r "o ( unbrok5 h>mony1 f> m pleas+ to rememb] ?an if x _h be5 c>ri$ on by spee*4 ,:51 z 0 commonly ! case1 ,i _h none to commune )1 ,i us$ to raise ! e*oes by /rik+ ) a paddle on ! side ( my boat1 fill+ ! surr\nd+ woods ) circl+ & dilat+ s\nd1 /irr+ !m up z ! keep] ( a m5ag]ie 8 wild bea/s1 until ,i elicit$ a gr[l f e wood$ vale & hillside4 ,9 w>m ev5+s ,i frequ5tly sat 9 ! boat play+ ! flute1 & saw ! p]*1 :i* ,i seem$ to h *>m$1 hov]+ ar\nd me1 & ! moon travell+ ov] ! ribb$ bottom1 :i* 0 /rew$ ) ! wrecks ( ! =e/4 ,=m]ly ,i _h come to ?is pond adv5tur\sly1 f "t to "t1 9 d>k summ] nights1 ) a companion1 & mak+ a fire close to ! wat]'s edge1 :i* we ?\ght attract$ ! fi%es1 we caught p\ts ) a bun* ( worms /rung on a ?read2 & :5 we _h done1 f> 9 ! night1 ?rew ! burn+ br&s high into ! air l sky-rockets1 :i*1 com+ d[n into ! pond1 7 qu5*$ ) a l\d hiss+1 & we 7 sudd5ly grop+ 9 total d>kness4 ,?r\gh ?is1 :i/l+ a tune1 we took our way to ! haunts ( m5 aga94 ,b n[ ,i _h made my home by ! %ore4 ,sometimes1 aft] /ay+ 9 a village p>lor till ! family _h all retir$1 ,i h return$ to ! woods1 &1 p>tly ) a view to ! next day's d9n]1 sp5t ! h\rs ( midnight fi%+ f a boat by moonlight1 s]5ad$ by owls & foxes1 & he>+1 f "t to "t1 ! creak+ note ( "s unkn[n bird close at h&4 ,^! exp]i5ces 7 v memorable & valuable to me1--an*or$ 9 =ty feet ( wat]1 & tw5ty or ?irty rods f ! %ore1 surr\nd$ sometimes by ?\s&s ( small p]* & %9]s1 dimpl+ ! surface ) _! tails 9 ! moonlight1 & communicat+ by a long flax5 l9e ) my/]i\s nocturnal fi%es :i* _h _! dwell+ =ty feet bel[1 or sometimes dragg+ sixty feet ( l9e ab\t ! pond z ,i drift$ 9 ! g5tle night breeze1 n[ & !n feel+ a slight vibration along x1 indicative ( "s life pr[l+ ab\t its extremity1 ( dull unc]ta9 blund]+ purpose !re1 & sl[ to make up its m9d4 ,at l5g? y sl[ly raise1 pull+ h& ov] h&1 "s hom$ p\t squeak+ & squirm+ to ! upp] air4 ,x 0 v que]1 especially 9 d>k nights1 :5 y\r ?\ghts _h w&]$ to va/ & cosmogonal !mes 9 o!r sph]es1 to feel ?is fa9t j]k1 :i* came to int]rupt y\r dreams & l9k y to ,nature aga94 ,x seem$ z if ,i might next ca/ my l9e upw>d into ! air1 z well z d[nw>d into ?is elem5t :i* 0 sc>cely m d5se4 ,?us ,i caught two fi%es z x 7 ) "o hook4 ,! sc5]y ( ,wald5 is on a humble scale1 &1 ?\gh v beautiful1 does n approa* to gr&eur1 nor c x mu* conc]n "o :o has n long frequ5t$ x1 or liv$ by its %ore2 yet ?is pond is s rem>kable = its dep? & purity z to m]it a p>ticul> description4 ,x is a cle> & deep gre5 well1 half a mile long & a mile & ?ree qu>t]s 9 circumf]5ce1 & conta9s ab\t sixty-"o & a half acres2 a p]5nial spr+ 9 ! mid/ ( p9e & oak woods1 )\t any visible inlet or outlet except by ! cl\ds & evaporation4 ,! surr\nd+ hills rise abruptly f ! wat] to ! height ( =ty to eighty feet1 ?\gh on ! s\!a/ & ea/ !y atta9 to ab\t "o hundr$ & "o hundr$ & fifty feet respectively1 )9 a qu>t] & a ?ird ( a mile4 ,!y are exclusively woodl&4 ,all our ,concord wat]s h two colors at lea/1 "o :5 view$ at a di/ance1 & ano!r1 m prop]1 close at h&4 ,! fir/ dep5ds m on ! light1 & foll[s ! sky4 ,9 cle> wea!r1 9 summ]1 !y appe> blue at a little di/ance1 especially if agitat$1 & at a great di/ance all appe> alike4 ,9 /ormy wea!r !y are sometimes ( a d>k slate color4 ,! sea1 h[ev]1 is said to be blue "o day & gre5 ano!r )\t any p]ceptible *ange 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,i h se5 our riv]1 :51 ! l&scape be+ cov]$ ) sn[1 bo? wat] & ice 7 almo/ z gre5 z grass4 ,"s consid] blue to be ! color ( pure wat]1 :e!r liquid or solid4 ,b look+ directly d[n into our wat]s f a boat1 !y are se5 to be ( v diff]5t colors4 ,wald5 is blue at "o "t & gre5 at ano!r1 ev5 f ! same po9t ( view4 ,ly+ betwe5 ! e>? & ! heav5s1 x p>takes ( ! color ( bo?4 ,view$ f a hilltop x reflects ! color ( ! sky1 b ne> at h& x is ( a yell[i% t9t next ! %ore :]e y c see ! s&1 !n a light gre51 :i* gradually deep5s to a uni=m d>k gre5 9 ! body ( ! pond4 ,9 "s lights1 view$ ev5 f a hilltop1 x is ( a vivid gre5 next ! %ore4 ,"s h ref]r$ ?is to ! reflection ( ! v]dure2 b x is equally gre5 !re aga9/ ! railroad s&-bank1 & 9 ! spr+1 be=e ! leaves are exp&$1 & x may be simply ! result ( ! prevail+ blue mix$ ) ! yell[ ( ! s&4 ,su* is ! color ( its iris4 ,?is is t portion1 also1 :]e 9 ! spr+1 ! ice be+ w>m$ by ! heat ( ! sun reflect$ f ! bottom1 & also transmitt$ ?r\gh ! e>?1 melts fir/ & =ms a n>r[ canal ab\t ! /ill froz5 middle4 ,l ! re/ ( our wat]s1 :5 mu* agitat$1 9 cle> wea!r1 s t ! surface ( ! waves may reflect ! sky at ! "r angle1 or because !re is m light mix$ ) x1 x appe>s at a little di/ance ( a d>k] blue ?an ! sky itself2 & at su* a "t1 be+ on its surface1 & look+ ) divid$ vision1 s z to see ! reflection1 ,i h disc]n$ a mat*less & indescribable light blue1 su* z wat]$ or *angeable silks & sword blades sugge/1 m c]ulean ?an ! sky itself1 alt]nat+ ) ! orig9al d>k gre5 on ! opposite sides ( ! waves1 :i* la/ appe>$ b muddy 9 comp>ison4 ,x is a vitre\s gre5i% blue1 z ,i rememb] x1 l ^? pat*es ( ! w9t] sky se5 ?r\gh cl\d vi/as 9 ! we/ be=e sund[n4 ,yet a s+le glass ( its wat] held up to ! light is z colorless z an equal quantity ( air4 ,x is well-kn[n t a l>ge plate ( glass w h a gre5 t9t1 ow+1 z ! mak]s say1 to its body1 b a small piece ( ! same w be colorless4 ,h[ l>ge a body ( ,wald5 wat] w\ld be requir$ to reflect a gre5 t9t ,i h nev] prov$4 ,! wat] ( our riv] is black or a v d>k br[n to "o look+ directly d[n on x1 & l t ( mo/ ponds1 imp>ts to ! body ( "o ba?+ 9 x a yell[i% t+e2 b ?is wat] is ( su* cry/all9e purity t ! body ( ! ba!r appe>s ( an alaba/] :it5ess1 /ill m unnatural1 :i*1 z ! limbs are magnifi$ & di/ort$ )al1 produces a mon/r\s effect1 mak+ fit /udies = a ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,! wat] is s transp>5t t ! bottom c easily be disc]n$ at ! dep? ( tw5ty-five or ?irty feet4 ,paddl+ ov] x1 y may see _m feet b5ea? ! surface ! s*ools ( p]* & %9]s1 p]haps only an in* long1 yet ! =m] easily di/+ui%$ by _! transv]se b>s1 & y ?9k t !y mu/ be ascetic fi% t f9d a subsi/5ce !re4 ,once1 9 ! w9t]1 _m ye>s ago1 :5 ,i _h be5 cutt+ holes ?r\gh ! ice 9 ord] to cat* pick]el1 z ,i /epp$ a%ore ,i toss$ my axe back on to ! ice1 b1 z if "s evil g5ius _h direct$ x1 x slid f\r or five rods directly into "o ( ! holes1 :]e ! wat] 0 tw5ty-five feet deep4 ,out ( curiosity1 ,i lay d[n on ! ice & look$ ?r\gh ! hole1 until ,i saw ! axe a little on "o side1 /&+ on its head1 ) its helve erect & g5tly sway+ to & fro ) ! pulse ( ! pond2 & !re x might h /ood erect & sway+ till 9 ! c\rse ( "t ! h&le rott$ (f1 if ,i _h n di/urb$ x4 ,mak+ ano!r hole directly ov] x ) an ice *isel :i* ,i _h1 & cutt+ d[n ! longe/ bir* :i* ,i c\ld f9d 9 ! neighborhood ) my knife1 ,i made a slip-noose1 :i* ,i atta*$ to its end1 &1 lett+ x d[n c>efully1 pass$ x ov] ! knob ( ! h&le1 & drew x by a l9e along ! bir*1 & s pull$ ! axe out aga94 ,! %ore is compos$ ( a belt ( smoo? r\nd$ :ite /ones l pav+ /ones1 except+ "o or two %ort s& bea*es1 & is s /eep t 9 _m places a s+le leap w c>ry y into wat] ov] y\r head2 & 7 x n = its rem>kable transp>5cy1 t w\ld be ! la/ to be se5 ( its bottom till x rose on ! opposite side4 ,"s ?9k x is bottomless4 ,x is n[h]e muddy1 & a casual obs]v] w\ld say t !re 7 no we$s at all 9 x2 & ( noticeable plants1 except 9 ! little mead[s rec5tly ov]fl[$1 :i* d n prop]ly belong to x1 a clos] scrut9y does n detect a flag nor a bulru%1 nor ev5 a lily1 yell[ or :ite1 b only a few small he>t-leaves & potamogetons1 & p]haps a wat]-t>get or two2 all :i* h[ev] a ba!r might n p]ceive2 & ^! plants are clean & bright l ! elem5t !y gr[ 94 ,! /ones ext5d a rod or two into ! wat]1 & !n ! bottom is pure s&1 except 9 ! deepe/ p>ts1 :]e !re is usually a little s$im5t1 probably f ! decay ( ! leaves1 :i* h be5 waft$ on to x s _m successive falls1 & a bright gre5 we$ is br\ght up on an*ors ev5 9 midw9t]4 ,we h "o o!r pond j l ?is1 ,:ite ,pond 9 ,n9e ,acre ,corn]1 ab\t two & a half miles we/]ly2 b1 ?\gh ,i am acqua9t$ ) mo/ ( ! ponds )9 a doz5 miles ( ?is c5t]1 ,i d n "k a ?ird ( ?is pure & well-l "*4 ,successive nations p]*ance h drunk at1 admir$1 & fa?om$ x1 & pass$ away1 & /ill its wat] is gre5 & pellucid z ev]4 ,n an int]mitt+ spr+6 ,p]haps on t spr+ morn+ :5 ,adam & ,eve 7 driv5 out ( ,ed51 ,wald5 ,pond 0 already 9 exi/5ce1 & ev5 !n break+ up 9 a g5tle spr+ ra9 accompani$ ) mi/ & a s\!rly w9d1 & cov]$ ) myriads ( ducks & geese1 :i* _h n he>d ( ! fall1 :5 /ill su* pure lakes suffic$ !m4 ,ev5 !n x _h comm5c$ to rise & fall1 & _h cl>ifi$ its wat]s & color$ !m ( ! hue !y n[ we>1 & obta9$ a pat5t ( heav5 to be ! only ,wald5 ,pond 9 ! _w & di/ill] ( cele/ial dews4 ,:o kn[s 9 h[ may unrememb]$ nations' lit]atures ?is has be5 ! ,ca/alian ,f\nta98#ff or :at nymphs presid$ ov] x 9 ! ,gold5 ,age8 ,x is a gem ( ! fir/ wat] :i* ,concord we>s 9 h] coronet4 ,yet p]*ance ! fir/ :o came to ?is well h left "s trace ( _! foot/eps4 ,i h be5 surpris$ to detect encircl+ ! pond1 ev5 :]e a ?ickwood has j be5 cut d[n on ! %ore1 a n>r[ %elf-l pa? 9 ! /eep hillside1 alt]nately ris+ & fall+1 approa*+ & rec$+ f ! wat]'s edge1 z old probably z ! race ( man "h1 worn by ! feet ( aborig9al hunt]s1 & /ill f "t to "t unwitt+ly trodd5 by ! pres5t occupants ( ! l&4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly di/9ct to "o /&+ on ! middle ( ! pond 9 w9t]1 j aft] a light sn[ has fall51 appe>+ z a cle> undulat+ :ite l9e1 unobscur$ by we$s & twigs1 & v obvi\s a qu>t] ( a mile (f 9 _m places :]e 9 summ] x is h>dly di/+ui%able close at h&4 ,! sn[ repr9ts x1 z x 71 9 cle> :ite type alto-relievo4 ,! ornam5t$ gr\nds ( villas :i* w "o day be built "h may /ill pres]ve "s trace ( ?is4 ,! pond rises & falls1 b :e!r regul>ly or n1 & )9 :at p]iod1 nobody kn[s1 ?\gh1 z usual1 _m pret5d to "k4 ,x is commonly high] 9 ! w9t] & l[] 9 ! summ]1 ?\gh n correspond+ to ! g5]al wet & dryness4 ,i c rememb] :5 x 0 a foot or two l[]1 & also :5 x 0 at lea/ five feet high]1 ?an :5 ,i liv$ by x4 ,!re is a n>r[ s&-b> runn+ into x1 v deep wat] on "o side1 on :i* ,i help$ boil a kettle ( *[d]1 "s six rods f ! ma9 %ore1 ab\t ! ye> #ahbd1 :i* x has n be5 possible to d = tw5ty-five ye>s2 & on ! o!r h&1 my fri5ds us$ to li/5 ) incr$ulity :5 ,i told !m t a few ye>s lat] ,i 0 accu/om$ to fi% f a boat 9 a seclud$ cove 9 ! woods1 fifte5 rods f ! only %ore !y knew1 :i* place 0 long s9ce conv]t$ into a mead[4 ,b ! pond has ris5 /eadily = two ye>s1 & n[1 9 ! summ] ( '#eb1 is j five feet high] ?an :5 ,i liv$ !re1 or z high z x 0 ?irty ye>s ago1 & fi%+ goes on aga9 9 ! mead[4 ,?is makes a diff]5ce ( level1 at ! outside1 ( six or sev5 feet2 & yet ! wat] %$ by ! surr\nd+ hills is insignificant 9 am\nt1 & ?is ov]fl[ mu/ be ref]r$ to causes :i* affect ! deep spr+s4 ,?is same summ] ! pond has begun to fall aga94 ,x is rem>kable t ?is fluctuation1 :e!r p]iodical or n1 appe>s ?us to require _m ye>s = its accompli%m5t4 ,i h obs]v$ "o rise & a "p ( two falls1 & ,i expect t a doz5 or fifte5 ye>s h5ce ! wat] w aga9 be z l[ z ,i h ev] kn[n x4 ,fl9t's ,pond1 a mile ea/w>d1 all[+ = ! di/urbance occasion$ by its inlets & outlets1 & ! small] int]m$iate ponds also1 sympa?ize ) ,wald51 & rec5tly atta9$ _! greate/ height at ! same "t ) ! latt]4 ,! same is true1 z f> z my obs]vation goes1 ( ,:ite ,pond4 ,?is rise & fall ( ,wald5 at long int]vals s]ves ?is use at lea/3 ! wat] /&+ at ?is great height = a ye> or m1 ?\gh x makes x difficult to walk r\nd x1 kills ! %rubs & trees :i* h sprung up ab\t its edge s9ce ! la/ rise1 pit*-p9es1 bir*es1 ald]s1 asp5s1 & o!rs1 &1 fall+ aga91 leaves an unob/ruct$ %ore2 =1 unlike _m ponds1 & all wat]s :i* are subject to a daily tide1 its %ore is cleane/ :5 ! wat] is l[e/4 ,on ! side ( ! pond next my h\se1 a r[ ( pit*-p9es fifte5 feet high has be5 kill$ & tipp$ ov] z if by a lev]1 & ?us a /op put to _! encroa*m5ts2 & _! size indicates h[ _m ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! la/ rise to ?is height4 ,by ?is fluctuation ! pond ass]ts its title to a %ore1 & ?us ! %ore is %orn1 & ! trees _c hold x by "r ( possession4 ,^! are ! lips ( ! lake on :i* no be>d gr[s4 ,x licks its *aps f "t to "t4 ,:5 ! wat] is at its height1 ! ald]s1 will[s1 & maples s5d =? a mass ( fibr\s r$ roots sev]al feet long f all sides ( _! /ems 9 ! wat]1 & to ! height ( ?ree or f\r feet f ! gr\nd1 9 ! ef=t to ma9ta9 !mselves2 & ,i h kn[n ! high blueb]ry bu%es ab\t ! %ore1 :i* commonly produce no fruit1 be> an abundant crop "u ^! circum/ances4 ,"s h be5 puzzl$ to tell h[ ! %ore became s regul>ly pav$4 ,my t[nsm5 h all he>d ! tradition--! olde/ p tell me t !y he>d x 9 _! y\?--t anci5tly ! ,indians 7 hold+ a p[-w[ ^u a hill "h1 :i* rose z high into ! heav5s z ! pond n[ s9ks deep into ! e>?1 & !y us$ mu* pr(anity1 z ! /ory goes1 ?\gh ?is vice is "o ( :i* ! ,indians 7 nev] guilty1 & :ile !y 7 ?us engag$ ! hill %ook & sudd5ly sank1 & only "o old squaw1 nam$ ,wald51 escap$1 & f h] ! pond 0 nam$4 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t :5 ! hill %ook1 ^! /ones roll$ d[n its side & became ! pres5t %ore4 ,x is v c]ta91 at any rate1 t once !re 0 no pond "h1 & n[ !re is "o2 & ?is ,indian fable does n 9 any respect conflict ) ! acc\nt ( t anci5t settl] :om ,i h m5tion$1 :o rememb]s s well :5 he fir/ came "h ) 8 div9+-rod1 saw a ?9 vapor ris+ f ! sw>d1 & ! hazel po9t$ /eadily d[nw>d1 & he conclud$ to dig a well "h4 ,z = ! /ones1 _m /ill ?9k t !y are h>dly to be acc\nt$ = by ! action ( ! waves on ^! hills2 b ,i obs]ve t ! surr\nd+ hills are rem>kably full ( ! same k9d ( /ones1 s t !y h be5 oblig$ to pile !m up 9 walls on bo? sides ( ! railroad cut ne>e/ ! pond2 &1 moreov]1 !re are mo/ /ones :]e ! %ore is mo/ abrupt2 s t1 un=tunately1 x is no long] a my/]y to me4 ,i detect ! pav]4 ,if ! "n 0 n d]iv$ f t ( "s ,engli% locality--,saffron ,wald51 = in/ance--"o might suppose t is 0 call$1 orig9ally1 ,wall$-9 ,pond4 ,! pond 0 my well ready dug4 ,= f\r mon?s 9 ! ye> its wat] is z cold z x is pure at all times2 & ,i ?9k t x is !n z good z any1 if n ! be/1 9 ! t[n4 ,9 ! w9t]1 all wat] :i* is expos$ to ! air is cold] ?an spr+s & wells :i* are protect$ f x4 ,! temp]ature ( ! pond wat] :i* _h /ood 9 ! room :]e ,i sat f five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon till noon ! next day1 ! six? ( ,m>*1 #ahdf1 ! !rmomet] hav+ be5 up to #fe or #gj "s ( ! "t1 ow+ p>tly to ! sun on ! ro(1 0 #db1 or "o degree cold] ?an ! wat] ( "o ( ! colde/ wells 9 ! village j drawn4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ,boil+ ,spr+ ! same day 0 #de1 or ! w>me/ ( any wat] tri$1 ?\gh x is ! colde/ t ,i "k ( 9 summ]1 :51 besides1 %all[ & /agnant surface wat] is n m+l$ ) x4 ,moreov]1 9 summ]1 ,wald5 nev] becomes s w>m z mo/ wat] :i* is expos$ to ! sun1 on acc\nt ( its dep?4 ,9 ! w>me/ wea!r ,i usually plac$ a pailful 9 my cell>1 :]e x became cool 9 ! night1 & rema9$ s dur+ ! day2 ?\gh ,i also resort$ to a spr+ 9 ! neighborhood4 ,x 0 z good :5 a a week old z ! day x 0 dipp$1 & _h no ta/e ( ! pump4 ,:oev] camps = a week 9 summ] by ! %ore ( a pond1 ne$s only bury a pail ( wat] a few feet deep 9 ! %ade ( 8 camp to be indep5d5t ( ! luxury ( ice4 ,!re h be5 caught 9 ,wald51 pick]el1 "o weigh+ sev5 p\nds1 to say no?+ ( ano!r :i* c>ri$ (f a reel ) great velocity1 :i* ! fi%]man safely set d[n at eight p\nds because he did n see him1 p]* & p\ts1 "s ( ea* weigh+ ov] two p\nds1 %9]s1 *iv9s or roa* 7,leucisus pul*ellus71 a v few breams1 & a c\ple ( eels1 "o weigh+ f\r p\nds--,i am ?us p>ticul> because ! weight ( a fi% is commonly its only title to fame1 & ^! are ! only eels ,i h he>d ( "h2 also1 ,i h a fa9t recollection ( a little fi% "s five in*es long1 ) silv]y sides & a gre5i% back1 some:at dace-l 9 its "*1 :i* ,i m5tion "h *iefly to l9k my facts to fable4 ,nev]!less1 ?is pond is n v f]tile 9 fi%4 ,its pick]el1 ?\gh n abundant1 are its *ief boa/4 ,i h se5 at "o "t ly+ on ! ice pick]el ( at lea/ ?ree diff]5t k9ds3 a long & %all[ "o1 /eel-color$1 mo/ l ^? caught 9 ! riv]2 a bright gold5 k9d1 ) gre5i% reflections & rem>kably deep1 :i* is ! mo/ common "h2 & ano!r1 gold5-color$1 & %ap$ l ! la/1 b pepp]$ on ! sides ) small d>k br[n or black spots1 int]mix$ ) a few fa9t blood-r$ ones v mu* l a tr\t4 ,! specific "n reticulatus#fg w\ld n apply to ?is2 x %\ld be guttatus#fh r4 ,^! are all v firm fi%1 & weigh m ?an _! size promises4 ,! %9]s1 p\ts1 & p]*1 also1 & inde$ all ! fi%es :i* inhabit ?is pond1 are mu* clean]1 h&som]1 & firm] fle%$ ?an ^? 9 ! riv] & mo/ o!r ponds1 z ! wat] is pur]1 & !y c easily be di/+ui%$ f !m4 ,probably _m i*?yologi/s w\ld make new v>ieties ( "s ( !m4 ,!re are also a clean race ( frogs & tortoises1 & a few mussels 9 x2 muskrats & m9ks leave _! traces ab\t x1 & occasionally a travell+ mud-turtle visits x4 ,sometimes1 :5 ,i pu%$ (f my boat 9 ! morn+1 ,i di/urb$ a great mud-turtle :i* _h secret$ himself "u ! boat 9 ! night4 ,ducks & geese frequ5t x 9 ! spr+ & fall1 ! :ite-belli$ swall[s 7,hirundo bicolor7 skim ov] x1 & ! peetweets 7,totanus macul>ius7 tet] along its /ony %ores all summ]4 ,i h sometimes di/urb$ a fi%hawk sitt+ on a :ite-p9e ov] ! wat]2 b ,i d\bt if x is ev] pr(an$ by ! w+ ( a gull1 l ,fair-,hav54 ,at mo/1 x tol]ates "o annual loon4 ,^! are all ! animals ( consequ5ce :i* frequ5t x n[4 ,y may see f a boat1 9 calm wea!r1 ne> ! s&y ea/]n %ore1 :]e ! wat] is eight or t5 feet deep1 & also 9 "s o!r p>ts ( ! pond1 "s circul> heaps half a doz5 feet 9 diamet] by a foot 9 height1 consi/+ ( small /ones less ?an a h5's egg 9 size1 :]e all ar\nd is b>e s&4 ,at fir/ y wond] if ! ,indians c\ld h =m$ !m on ! ice = any purpose1 & s1 :5 ! ice melt$1 !y sank to ! bottom2 b !y are too regul> & "s ( !m pla9ly too fre% = t4 ,!y are simil> to ^? f\nd 9 riv]s2 b z !re are no suck]s or lampreys "h1 ,i "k n by :at fi% !y c\ld be made4 ,p]haps !y are ! ne/s ( ! *iv94 ,^! l5d a pleas+ my/]y to ! bottom4 ,! %ore is irregul> en\gh n to be monoton\s4 ,i h 9 my m9d's eye ! we/]n ind5t$ ) deep bays1 ! bold] nor!rn1 & ! beautifully scallop$ s\!rn %ore1 :]e successive capes ov]lap ea* o!r & sugge/ unexplor$ coves betwe54 ,! =e/ has nev] s good a sett+1 nor is s di/9ctly beautiful1 z :5 se5 f ! middle ( a small lake amid hills :i* rise f ! wat]'s edge2 = ! wat] 9 :i* x is reflect$ n only makes ! be/ =egr\nd 9 su* a case1 b1 ) its w9d+ %ore1 ! mo/ natural & agreeable b\nd>y to x4 ,!re is no rawness nor imp]fection 9 its edge !re1 z :]e ! axe has cle>$ a "p1 or a cultivat$ field abuts on x4 ,! trees h ample room to exp& on ! wat] side1 & ea* s5ds =? its mo/ vigor\s bran* 9 t direction4 ,!re ,nature has wov5 a natural selvage1 & ! eye rises by j gradations f ! l[ %rubs ( ! %ore to ! highe/ trees4 ,!re are few traces ( man's h& to be se54 ,! wat] laves ! %ore z x did a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,a lake is ! l&scape's mo/ beautiful & expressive feature4 ,x is e>?'s eye2 look+ into :i* ! behold] measures ! dep? ( 8 own nature4 ,! fluviatile trees next ! %ore are ! sl5d] eyela%es :i* fr+e x1 & ! wood$ hills & cliffs ar\nd are its ov]hang+ br[s4 ,/&+ on ! smoo? s&y bea* at ! ea/ end ( ! pond1 9 a calm ,septemb] aft]noon1 :5 a slight haze makes ! opposite %ore l9e indi/9ct1 ,i h se5 :5ce came ! expression1 ! glassy surface ( a lake4 ,:5 y inv]t y\r head1 x looks l a ?read ( f9e/ gossam] /ret*$ across ! valley1 & gleam+ aga9/ ! di/ant p9e woods1 sep>at+ "o /ratum ( ! atmosph]e f ano!r4 ,y w\ld ?9k t y c\ld walk dry "u x to ! opposite hills1 & t ! swall[s :i* skim ov] might p]* on x4 ,inde$1 !y sometimes dive bel[ ! l9e1 z x 7 by mi/ake1 & are undeceiv$4 ,z y look ov] ! pond we/w>d y are oblig$ to employ bo? y\r h&s to def5d y\r eyes aga9/ ! reflect$ z well z ! true sun1 = !y are equally bright2 & if1 betwe5 ! two1 y survey its surface critically1 x is lit]ally z smoo? z glass1 except :]e ! skat] insects1 at equal int]vals scatt]$ ov] its :ole ext5t1 by _! motions 9 ! sun produce ! f9e/ imag9able sp>kle on x1 or1 p]*ance1 a duck plumes itself1 or1 z ,i h said1 a swall[ skims s l[ z to t\* x4 ,x may be t 9 ! di/ance a fi% describes an arc ( ?ree or f\r feet 9 ! air1 & !re is "o bright fla% :]e x em]ges1 & ano!r :]e x /rikes ! wat]2 sometimes ! :ole silv]y arc is reveal$2 or "h & !re1 p]haps1 is a ?i/le-d[n float+ on its surface1 :i* ! fi%es d>t at & s dimple x aga94 ,x is l molt5 glass cool$ b n congeal$1 & ! few motes 9 x are pure & beautiful l ! imp]fections 9 glass4 ,y may (t5 detect a yet smoo!r & d>k] wat]1 sep>at$ f ! re/ z if by an invisible cobweb1 boom ( ! wat] nymphs1 re/+ on x4 ,f a hilltop y c see a fi% leap 9 almo/ any "p2 = n a pick]el or %9] picks an insect f ?is smoo? surface b x manife/ly di/urbs ! equilibrium ( ! :ole lake4 ,x is wond]ful ) :at elaborat5ess ?is simple fact is adv]tis$--?is pisc9e murd] w out--& f my di/ant p]* ,i di/+ui% ! circl+ undulations :5 !y are half a doz5 rods 9 diamet]4 ,y c ev5 detect a wat]-bug 7,gyr9us7 ceaselessly progress+ ov] ! smoo? surface a qu>t] ( a mile (f2 = !y furr[ ! wat] slightly1 mak+ a conspicu\s ripple b\nd$ by two div]g+ l9es1 b ! skat]s glide ov] x )\t rippl+ x p]ceptibly4 ,:5 ! surface is consid]ably agitat$ !re are no skat]s nor wat]-bugs on x1 b app>5tly1 9 calm days1 !y leave _! hav5s & adv5tur\sly glide =? f ! %ore by %ort impulses till !y completely cov] x4 ,x is a soo?+ employm5t1 on "o ( ^? f9e days 9 ! fall :5 all ! w>m? ( ! sun is fully appreciat$1 to sit on a /ump on su* a height z ?is1 ov]look+ ! pond1 & /udy ! dimpl+ circles :i* are incessantly inscrib$ on its o!rwise invisible surface amid ! reflect$ skies & trees4 ,ov] ?is great expanse !re is no di/urbance b x is ?us at once g5tly smoo!d away & assuag$1 z1 :5 a vase ( wat] is j>r$1 ! trembl+ circles seek ! %ore & all is smoo? aga94 ,n a fi% c leap or an insect fall on ! pond b x is ?us report$ 9 circl+ dimples1 9 l9es ( beauty1 z x 7 ! con/ant well+ up ( its f\nta91 ! g5tle puls+ ( its life1 ! heav+ ( its brea/4 ,! ?rills ( joy & ?rills ( pa9 are undi/+ui%able4 ,h[ peaceful ! ph5om5a ( ! lake6 ,aga9 ! works ( man %9e z 9 ! spr+4 ,ay1 e leaf & twig & /one & cobweb sp>kles n[ at mid-aft]noon z :5 cov]$ ) dew 9 a spr+ morn+4 ,e motion ( an o> or an insect produces a fla% ( light2 & if an o> falls1 h[ sweet ! e*o6 ,9 su* a day 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]1 ,wald5 is a p]fect =e/ mirror1 set r\nd ) /ones z preci\s to my eye z if few] or r>]4 ,no?+ s fair1 s pure1 & at ! same "t s l>ge1 z a lake1 p]*ance1 lies on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,sky wat]4 ,x ne$s no f5ce4 ,nations come & g )\t defil+ x4 ,x is a mirror :i* no /one c crack1 ^: quicksilv] w nev] we> (f1 ^: gild+ ,nature cont9ually repairs2 no /orms1 no du/1 c dim its surface ev] fre%--a mirror 9 :i* all impurity pres5t$ to x s9ks1 swept & du/$ by ! sun's hazy bru%--?is ! light du/-clo?--:i* reta9s no brea? t is brea!d on x1 b s5ds its own to float z cl\ds high above its surface1 & be reflect$ 9 its bosom /ill4 ,a field ( wat] betrays ! _s t is 9 ! air4 ,x is cont9ually receiv+ new life & motion f above4 ,x is int]m$iate 9 its nature betwe5 l& & sky4 ,on l& only ! grass & trees wave1 b ! wat] itself is rippl$ by ! w9d4 ,i see :]e ! breeze da%es across x by ! /reaks or flakes ( light4 ,x is rem>kable t we c look d[n on its surface4 ,we %all1 p]haps1 look d[n ?us on ! surface ( air at l5g?1 & m>k :]e a /ill subtl] _s sweeps ov] x4 ,! skat]s & wat]-bugs f9ally disappe> 9 ! latt] "p ( ,octob]1 :5 ! sev]e fro/s h come2 & !n & 9 ,novemb]1 usually1 on a calm day1 !re is absolutely no?+ to ripple ! surface4 ,"o ,novemb] aft]noon1 9 ! calm at ! end ( a ra9 /orm ( sev]al days' duration1 :5 ! sky 0 /ill completely ov]ca/ & ! air 0 full ( mi/1 ,i obs]v$ t ! pond 0 rem>kably smoo?1 s t x 0 difficult to di/+ui% its surface2 ?\gh x no long] reflect$ ! bright t9ts ( ,octob]1 b ! somb] ,novemb] colors ( ! surr\nd+ hills4 ,?\gh ,i pass$ ov] x z g5tly z possible1 ! slight undulations produc$ by my boat ext5d$ almo/ z f> z ,i c\ld see1 & gave a ribb$ appe>ance to ! reflections4 ,b1 z ,i 0 look+ ov] ! surface1 ,i saw "h & !re at a di/ance a fa9t glimm]1 z if "s skat] insects :i* _h escap$ ! fro/s might be collect$ !re1 or1 p]*ance1 ! surface1 be+ s smoo?1 betray$ :]e a spr+ well$ up f ! bottom4 ,paddl+ g5tly to "o ( ^! places1 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d myself surr\nd$ by myriads ( small p]*1 ab\t five in*es long1 ( a ri* bronze color 9 ! gre5 wat]1 sport+ !re & con/antly ris+ to ! surface & dimpl+ x1 sometimes leav+ bubbles on x4 ,9 su* transp>5t & seem+ly bottomless wat]1 reflect+ ! cl\ds1 ,i seem$ to be float+ ?r\gh ! air z 9 a balloon1 & _! swimm+ impress$ me z a k9d ( flight or hov]+1 z if !y 7 a compact flock ( birds pass+ j b5ea? my level on ! "r or left1 _! f9s1 l sails1 set all ar\nd !m4 ,!re 7 _m su* s*ools 9 ! pond1 app>5tly improv+ ! %ort season be=e w9t] w\ld draw an icy %utt] ov] _! broad skylight1 sometimes giv+ to ! surface an appe>ance z if a slight breeze /ruck x1 or a few ra9-drops fell !re4 ,:5 ,i approa*$ c>elessly & al>m$ !m1 !y made a sudd5 pla% & rippl+ ) _! tails1 z if "o _h /ruck ! wat] ) a bru%y b\gh1 & in/antly took refuge 9 ! dep?s4 ,at l5g? ! w9d rose1 ! mi/ increas$1 & ! waves began to run1 & ! p]* leap$ mu* high] ?an be=e1 half out ( wat]1 a hundr$ black po9ts1 ?ree in*es long1 at once above ! surface4 ,ev5 z late z ! fif? ( ,decemb]1 "o ye>1 ,i saw "s dimples on ! surface1 & ?9k+ x 0 go+ to ra9 h>d imm$iately1 ! air be+ full ( mi/1 ,i made ha/e to take my place at ! o>s & r[ homew>d2 already ! ra9 seem$ rapidly increas+1 ?\gh ,i felt none on my *eek1 & ,i anticipat$ a ?or\gh soak+4 ,b sudd5ly ! dimples ceas$1 = !y 7 produc$ by ! p]*1 :i* ! noise ( my o>s _h sc>$ into ! dep?s1 & ,i saw _! s*ools dimly disappe>+2 s ,i sp5t a dry aft]noon aft] all4 ,an old man :o us$ to frequ5t ?is pond ne>ly sixty ye>s ago1 :5 x 0 d>k ) surr\nd+ =e/s1 tells me t 9 ^? days he sometimes saw x all alive ) ducks & o!r wat] f[l1 & t !re 7 _m eagles ab\t x4 ,he came "h a-fi%+1 & us$ an old log canoe :i* he f\nd on ! %ore4 ,x 0 made ( two :ite-p9e logs dug out & p9n$ toge!r1 & 0 cut (f squ>e at ! ends4 ,x 0 v clumsy1 b la/$ a great _m ye>s be=e x became wat]-logg$ & p]haps sank to ! bottom4 ,he did n "k ^: x 02 x belong$ to ! pond4 ,he us$ to make a cable = 8 an*or ( /rips ( hickory b>k ti$ toge!r4 ,an old man1 a pott]1 :o liv$ by ! pond be=e ! ,revolution1 told him once t !re 0 an iron *e/ at ! bottom1 & t he _h se5 x4 ,sometimes x w\ld come float+ up to ! %ore2 b :5 y w5t t[>d x1 x w\ld g back into deep wat] & disappe>4 ,i 0 pleas$ to he> ( ! old log canoe1 :i* took ! place ( an ,indian "o ( ! same mat]ial b m graceful con/ruction1 :i* p]*ance _h fir/ be5 a tree on ! bank1 & !n1 z x 71 fell into ! wat]1 to float !re = a g5]ation1 ! mo/ prop] vessel = ! lake4 ,i rememb] t :5 ,i fir/ look$ into ^! dep?s !re 7 _m l>ge trunks to be se5 indi/9ctly ly+ on ! bottom1 :i* _h ei!r be5 bl[n ov] =m]ly1 or left on ! ice at ! la/ cutt+1 :5 wood 0 *eap]2 b n[ !y h mo/ly disappe>$4 ,:5 ,i fir/ paddl$ a boat on ,wald51 x 0 completely surr\nd$ by ?ick & l(ty p9e & oak woods1 & 9 "s ( its coves grape v9es _h run ov] ! trees next ! wat] & =m$ b[]s "u :i* a boat c\ld pass4 ,! hills :i* =m its %ores are s /eep1 & ! woods on !m 7 !n s high1 t1 z y look$ d[n f ! we/ end1 x _h ! appe>ance ( an amphi!atre = "s k9d ( sylvan spectacle4 ,i h sp5t _m an h\r1 :5 ,i 0 y\ng]1 float+ ov] its surface z ! zephyr will$1 hav+ paddl$ my boat to ! middle1 & ly+ on my back across ! seats1 9 a summ] =5oon1 dream+ awake1 until ,i 0 ar\s$ by ! boat t\*+ ! s&1 & ,i arose to see :at %ore my fates _h impell$ me to2 days :5 idl5ess 0 ! mo/ attractive & productive indu/ry4 ,_m a =5oon h ,i /ol5 away1 pref]r+ to sp5d ?us ! mo/ valu$ "p ( ! day2 = ,i 0 ri*1 if n 9 money1 9 sunny h\rs & summ] days1 & sp5t !m lavi%ly2 nor d ,i regret t ,i did n wa/e m ( !m 9 ! work%op or at ! tea*]'s desk4 ,b s9ce ,i left ^? %ores ! wood-*opp]s h /ill fur!r laid !m wa/e1 & n[ = _m a ye> !re w be no m rambl+ ?r\gh ! aisles ( ! wood1 ) occasional vi/as ?r\gh :i* y see ! wat]4 ,my ,muse may be excus$ if %e is sil5t h5ce=?4 ,h[ c y expect ! birds to s+ :5 _! groves are cut d[n8 ,n[ ! trunks ( trees on ! bottom1 & ! old log canoe1 & ! d>k surr\nd+ woods1 are gone1 & ! villag]s1 :o sc>cely "k :]e x lies1 in/ead ( go+ to ! pond to ba! or dr9k1 are ?9k+ to br+ its wat]1 :i* %\ld be z sacr$ z ! ,ganges at lea/1 to ! village 9 a pipe1 to wa% _! di%es )6--to e>n _! ,wald5 by ! turn+ ( a cock or draw+ ( a plug6 ,t devili% ,iron ,horse1 ^: e>-r5d+ neigh is he>d ?r\gh\t ! t[n1 has muddi$ ! ,boil+ ,spr+ ) 8 foot1 & he x is t has br[s$ (f all ! woods on ,wald5 %ore2 t ,trojan horse1 ) a ?\s& m5 9 8 belly1 introduc$ by m]c5>y ,greeks6 ,:]e is ! c\ntry's *ampion1 ! ,moore ( ,moore ,hall1#fi to meet him at ! ,deep ,cut & ?ru/ an av5g+ lance betwe5 ! ribs ( ! bloat$ pe/8 ,nev]!less1 ( all ! *>act]s ,i h kn[n1 p]haps ,wald5 we>s be/1 & be/ pres]ves its purity4 ,_m m5 h be5 lik5$ to x1 b few des]ve t honor4 ,?\gh ! wood-*opp]s h laid b>e fir/ ?is %ore & !n t1 & ! ,iri% h built _! /ies by x1 & ! railroad has infr+$ on its bord]1 & ! ice-m5 h skimm$ x once1 x is itself un*ang$1 ! same wat] :i* my y\?ful eyes fell on2 all ! *ange is 9 me4 ,x has n acquir$ "o p]man5t wr9kle aft] all its ripples4 ,x is p]5nially "y1 & ,i may /& & see a swall[ dip app>5tly to pick an insect f its surface z ( yore4 ,x /ruck me aga9 to-night1 z if ,i _h n se5 x almo/ daily = m ?an tw5ty ye>s--,:y1 "h is ,wald51 ! same woodl& lake t ,i discov]$ s _m ye>s ago2 :]e a =e/ 0 cut d[n la/ w9t] ano!r is spr++ up by its %ore z lu/ily z ev]2 ! same ?\ght is well+ up to its surface t 0 !n2 x is ! same liquid joy & happ9ess to itself & its ,mak]1 ay1 & x may be to me4 ,x is ! "w ( a brave man1 surely1 9 :om !re 0 no guile6 ,he r\nd$ ?is wat] ) 8 h&1 deep5$ & cl>ifi$ x 9 8 ?\ght1 & 9 8 w bequea!d x to ,concord4 ,i see by its face t x is visit$ by ! same reflection2 & ,i c almo/ say1 ,wald51 is x y8 ,x is no dream ( m9e1 ,to ornam5t a l9e2 ,i _c come ne>] to ,god & ,heav5 ,?an ,i live to ,wald5 ev54 ,i am its /ony %ore1 ,& ! breeze t passes o'er2 ,9 ! holl[ ( my h& ,are its wat] & its s&1 ,& its deepe/ resort ,lies high 9 my ?\ght4 ,! c>s nev] pause to look at x2 yet ,i fancy t ! eng9e]s & firem5 & brakem51 & ^? pass5g]s :o h a season ticket & see x (t51 are bett] m5 = ! sight4 ,! eng9e] does n =get at night1 or 8 nature does n1 t he has beheld ?is vision ( s]5ity & purity once at lea/ dur+ ! day4 ,?\gh se5 b once1 x helps to wa% out ,/ate-/reet & ! eng9e's soot4 ,"o proposes t x be call$ ,god's ,drop4 ,i h said t ,wald5 has no visible inlet or outlet1 b x is on ! "o h& di/antly & indirectly relat$ to ,fl9t's ,pond1 :i* is m elevat$1 by a *a9 ( small ponds com+ f t qu>t]1 & on ! o!r directly & manife/ly to ,concord ,riv]1 :i* is l[]1 by a simil> *a9 ( ponds ?r\gh :i* 9 "s o!r geological p]iod x may h fl[$2 & by a little digg+1 :i* ,god =bid1 x c be made to fl[ ?i!r aga94 ,if by liv+ ?us res]v$ & au/]e1 l a h]mit 9 ! woods1 s long1 x has acquir$ su* wond]ful purity1 :o w\ld n regret t ! comp>atively impure wat]s ( ,fl9t's ,pond %\ld be m+l$ ) x1 or itself %\ld ev] g to wa/e its sweetness 9 ! ocean wave8 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #fe3 ,f ,*apt] ,,ix ( ,wald51 #ahed4 ,footnote #ff3 ,! ,ca/alian ,f\nta9 on ,m\nt ,p>nassus 0 sacr$ to ,apollo & ! ,muses4 ,footnote #fg3 ,) net-l m>k+s4 ,footnote #fh3 ,speckl$4 ,footnote #fi3 ,! h]o ( an old ballad4 ,,selections ,,f ,,rusk9 ,a4 ,,leafage ,,( ,,trees#gj ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable *>act]s ( natural leafage is ! con/ancy ) :i*1 :ile ! leaves are arrang$ on ! spray ) exquisite regul>ity1 t regul>ity is modifi$ 9 _! actual effect4 ,= z 9 e gr\p ( leaves "s are se5 sideways1 =m+ m]ely long l9es1 "s =e%ort5$1 "s cross+ ea* o!r1 e "o diff]5tly turn$ & plac$ f all ! o!rs1 ! =ms ( ! leaves1 ?\gh 9 !mselves simil>1 give rise to a ?\s& /range & diff]+ =ms 9 ! gr\p2 & ! %ad[s ( "s1 pass+ ov] ! o!rs1 /ill f>!r disguise & confuse ! mass until ! eye c di/+ui% no?+ b a graceful & flexible disord] ( innum]able =ms1 ) "h & !re a p]fect leaf on ! extremity1 or a symmetrical association ( "o or two1 j en\gh to m>k ! specific "* & to give unity & grace1 b nev] en\gh to repeat 9 "o gr\p :at 0 done 9 ano!r1 nev] en\gh to prev5t ! eye f feel+ t1 h[ev] regul> & ma!matical may be ! /ructure ( p>ts1 :at is compos$ out ( !m is z v>i\s & inf9ite z any o!r "p ( nature4 ,nor does ?is take place 9 g5]al effect only4 ,break (f an elm b\gh ?ree feet long1 9 full leaf1 & lay x on ! table be=e y1 & try to draw x1 leaf = leaf4 ,x is t5 to "o if 9 ! :ole b\gh 7provid$ y d n twi/ x ab\t z y "w7 y f9d "o =m ( leaf exactly l ano!r2 p]haps y w n ev5 h "o complete4 ,e leaf w be oblique1 or =e%ort5$1 or curl$1 or cross$ by ano!r1 or %ad$ by ano!r1 or h some?+ or o!r ! matt] ) x2 & ?\gh ! :ole b\gh w look graceful1 & symmetrical1 y w sc>cely be able to tell h[ or :y x does s1 s9ce !re is n "o l9e ( x l ano!r4444 ,b if ,nature is s v>i\s :5 y h a b\gh on ! table be=e y1 :at mu/ %e be :5 %e retires f y1 & gives y h] :ole mass & multitude8 ,! leaves !n at ! extremities become z f9e z du/1 a m]e confusion ( po9ts & l9es betwe5 y & ! sky1 a confusion :i* y might z well hope to draw sea-s& p>ticle by p>ticle1 z to imitate leaf = leaf4 ,?is1 z x comes d[n into ! body ( ! tree1 gets clos]1 b nev] opaque2 x is always transp>5t1 ) crumbl+ lights 9 x lett+ y ?r\gh to ! sky2 !n1 out ( ?is1 come1 heavi] & heavi]1 ! masses ( illum9$ foliage1 all dazzl+ & inextricable1 save "h & !re a s+le leaf on ! extremities2 !n1 "u ^!1 y get deep passages ( brok5 irregul> gloom1 pass+ into transp>5t1 gre5-light$1 mi/y holl[s2 ! twi/$ /ems glanc+ ?r\gh !m 9 _! pale & entangl$ inf9ity1 & ! %aft$ sunbeams1 ra9$ f above1 runn+ along ! lu/r\s leaves = an in/ant2 !n lo/1 !n caught aga9 on "s em]ald bank or knott$ root1 to be s5t up aga9 ) a fa9t reflex on ! :ite "u-sides ( dim gr\ps ( droop+ foliage1 ! %ad[s ( ! upp] b\ghs runn+ 9 grey network d[n ! glossy /ems1 & re/+ 9 quiet *equ]s ^u ! glitt]+ e>?2 b all p5etrable & transp>5t1 &1 9 proportion1 inextricable & incompreh5sible1 except :]e across ! labyr9? & ! my/]y ( ! dazzl+ light & dream-l %ad[1 falls1 close to u1 "s solit>y spray1 "s wrea? ( two or ?ree motionless1 l>ge leaves1 ! type & embody+ ( all t 9 ! re/ we feel & imag9e1 b c nev] see4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gj3 ,f ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ,vol4 ,i1 #ahdc1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ,sec4 ,,vi ,*apt] ,i4 ,b4 ,,wat]#ga ,( all inorganic sub/ances1 act+ 9 _! own prop] nature1 & )\t assi/ance or comb9ation1 wat] is ! mo/ wond]ful4 ,if we ?9k ( x z ! s\rce ( all ! *angefulness & beauty :i* we h se5 9 cl\ds2 !n z ! in/rum5t by :i* ! e>? we h contemplat$ 0 modell$ into symmetry1 & its crags *isell$ into grace2 !n z1 9 ! =m ( sn[1 x robes ! m\nta9s x has made1 ) t transc5d5t light :i* we c\ld n h conceiv$ if we _h n se52 !n z x exi/s 9 ! foam ( ! torr5t1 9 ! iris :i* spans x1 9 ! morn+ mi/ :i* rises f x1 9 ! deep cry/all9e pools :i* mirror its hang+ %ore1 9 ! broad lake & glanc+ riv]2 f9ally1 9 t :i* is to all human m9ds ! be/ emblem ( unwe>i$1 unconqu]able p[]1 ! wild1 v>i\s1 fanta/ic1 tameless unity ( ! sea2 :at %all we comp>e to ?is mighty1 ?is univ]sal elem5t1 = glory & = beauty8 or h[ %all we foll[ its et]nal *angefulness ( feel+8 ,x is l try+ to pa9t a s\l4 ,to sugge/ ! ord9>y appe>ance ( calm wat]1 to lay on canvas z mu* evid5ce ( surface & reflection z may make u und]/& t wat] is meant1 is1 p]haps1 ! easie/ task ( art2 & ev5 ord9>y runn+ or fall+ wat] may be suffici5tly r5d]$1 by obs]v+ c>eful curves ( projection ) a d>k gr\nd1 & break+ a little :ite ov] x1 z we see done ) judgm5t & tru? by ,ruysdael4 ,b to pa9t ! actual play ( hue on ! reflective surface1 or to give ! =ms & fury ( wat] :5 x beg9s to %[ itself2 to give ! fla%+ & rocket-l velocity ( a noble cat>act1 or ! precision & grace ( ! sea wave1 s exquisitely modell$1 ?\gh s mock+ly transi5t1 s m\nta9\s 9 its =m1 yet s cl\dlike 9 its motion1 ) its v>iety & delicacy ( col\r1 :5 e ripple & wrea? has "s peculi> passage ( reflection ^u itself alone1 & ! radiat+ & sc9tillat+ sunbeams are mix$ ) ! dim hues ( transp>5t dep? & d>k rock bel[--to d ?is p]fectly is beyond ! p[] ( man2 to d x ev5 p>tially has be5 grant$ to b "o or two1 ev5 ( ^? few :o h d>$ to attempt x4444 ,! fact is t !re is h>dly a road-side pond or pool :i* has n z mu* l&scape 9 x z above x4 ,x is n ! br[n1 muddy1 dull ?+ we suppose x to be2 x has a he>t l ourselves1 & 9 ! bottom ( t !re are ! b\ghs ( ! tall trees1 & ! blades ( ! %ak+ grass1 & all mann] ( hues ( v>iable pleasant light out ( ! sky4 ,nay1 ! ugly gutt]1 t /agnates ov] ! dra9-b>s 9 ! he>t ( ! f\l city1 is n altoge!r base2 d[n 9 t1 if y w look deep en\gh1 y may see ! d>k s]i\s blue ( f>-(f sky1 & ! pass+ ( pure cl\ds4 ,x is at y\r own w t y see 9 t despis$ /ream ei!r ! refuse ( ! /reet1 or ! image ( ! sky4 ,s x is ) almo/ all o!r ?+s t we unk9dly despise4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ga3 ,f ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ,sec4 ,v1 ,*apt] ,i4 ,c4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,glory#gb ,! be/ image :i* ! _w c give ( ,p>adise is 9 ! slope ( ! mead[s1 or*>ds1 & corn-fields on ! sides ( a great ,alp1 ) its purple rocks & et]nal sn[s above2 ?is excell5ce n be+ 9 any wise a matt] ref]able to feel+1 or individual pref]5ces1 b demon/rable by calm enum]ation ( ! numb] ( lovely col\rs on ! rocks1 ! v>i$ gr\p+ ( ! trees1 & quantity ( noble incid5ts 9 /ream1 crag1 or cl\d1 pres5t$ to ! eye at any giv5 mom5t4 ,= consid]1 fir/1 ! diff]5ce produc$ 9 ! :ole tone ( l&scape col\r by ! introductions ( purple1 violet1 & deep ultram>9e blue1 :i* we owe to m\nta9s4 ,9 an ord9>y l[l& l&scape we h ! blue ( ! sky2 ! gre5 ( grass1 :i* ,i w suppose 7& ?is is an unnecess>y concession to ! l[l&s7 entirely fre% & bright2 ! gre5 ( trees2 & c]ta9 elem5ts ( purple1 f> m ri* & beautiful ?an we g5]ally %\ld ?9k1 9 _! b>k & %ad[s 7b>e h$ges & ?ickets1 or tops ( trees1 9 subdu$ aft]noon sun%9e1 are ne>ly p]fect purple1 & ( an exquisite tone71 z well z 9 pl\gh$ fields1 & d>k gr\nd 9 g5]al4 ,b among m\nta9s1 9 addition to all ?is1 l>ge unbrok5 spaces ( pure violet & purple are introduc$ 9 _! di/ances2 & ev5 ne>1 by films ( cl\d pass+ ov] ! d>kness ( rav9es or =e/s1 blues are produc$ ( ! mo/ subtle t5d]ness2 ^! azures & purples pass+ into rose-col\r ( o!rwise :olly unatta9able delicacy among ! upp] summits1 ! blue ( ! sky be+ at ! same "t pur] & deep] ?an 9 ! pla9s4 ,nay1 9 "s s5se1 a p]son :o has nev] se5 ! rose-col\r ( ! rays ( dawn cross+ a blue m\nta9 twelve or fifte5 miles away1 c h>dly be said to "k :at t5d]ness 9 col\r means at all2 bright t5d]ness he may1 inde$1 see 9 ! sky or 9 a fl[]1 b ?is grave t5d]ness ( ! f>away hill-purples he _c conceive4 ,toge!r ) ?is great s\rce ( pre-em95ce 9 mass ( col\r1 we h to e/imate ! influ5ce ( ! f9i%$ inlay+ & enamel-"w ( ! col\r-jewell]y on e /one2 & t ( ! cont9ual v>iety 9 species ( fl[]2 mo/ ( ! m\nta9 fl[]s be+1 besides1 sep>ately loveli] ?an ! l[l& ones4 ,! wood hyac9? & ! wild rose are1 inde$1 ! only supreme fl[]s t ! l[l&s c g5]ally %[2 & ! wild rose is also a m\nta9e]1 & m fragrant 9 ! hills1 :ile ! wood hyac9?1 at its be/1 _c mat* ev5 ! d>k bell-g5tian1 leav+ ! light-blue />-g5tian 9 its unconte/$ que5l9ess1 & ! ,alp9e rose & ,highl& hea!r :olly )\t similitude4 ,! violet1 lily ( ! valley1 crocus1 & wood anemone are1 ,i suppose1 claimable p>tly by ! pla9s z well z ! hills2 b ! l>ge orange lily & n>cissus ,i h nev] se5 b on hill pa/ures1 & ! exquisite oxalis is pre-em95tly a m\nta9e]4 ,to ?is supremacy 9 mosses & fl[]s we h next to add an ine/imable ga9 9 ! cont9ual pres5ce & p[] ( wat]4 ,nei!r 9 its cle>ness1 its col\r1 its fantasy ( motion1 its calmness ( space1 dep?1 & reflection1 or its wra?1 c wat] be conceiv$ by a l[l&]1 out ( sight ( sea4 ,a sea wave is f> gr&] ?an any torr5t--b ( ! sea & its influ5ces we are n n[ speak+2 & ! sea itself1 ?\gh x c be cle>1 is nev] calm1 among our %ores1 9 ! s5se t a m\nta9 lake c be calm4 ,! sea seems only to pause2 ! m\nta9 lake to sleep1 & to dream4 ,out ( sight ( ! ocean a l[l&] _c be consid]$ ev] to h se5 wat] at all4 ,! mantl+ ( ! pools 9 ! rock %ad[s1 ) ! gold5 flakes ( light s9k+ d[n ?r\gh !m l fall+ leaves1 ! r++ ( ! ?9 curr5ts among ! %all[s1 ! fla% & ! cl\d ( ! cascade1 ! e>?quake & foam-fire ( ! cat>act1 ! long l9es ( alt]nate mirror & mi/ t lull ! imag]y ( ! hills rev]s$ 9 ! blue ( morn+1--all ^! ?+s belong to ^? hills z _! undivid$ inh]itance4 ,to ?is supremacy 9 wave & /ream is jo9$ a no less manife/ pre-em95ce 9 ! "* ( trees4 ,x is possible among pla9s1 9 ! species ( trees :i* prop]ly belong to !m1 ! popl>s ( ,ami5s1 = in/ance1 to obta9 a s]5e simplicity ( grace1 :i*1 z ,i said1 is a bett] help to ! /udy ( gracefulness1 z su*1 ?an any ( ! wild] gr\p+s ( ! hills2 s1 also1 !re are c]ta9 conditions ( symmetrical luxuriance develop$ 9 ! p>k & av5ue1 r>ely rivall$ 9 _! way among m\nta9s2 & yet ! m\nta9 sup]iority 9 foliage is1 on ! :ole1 ne>ly z complete z x is 9 wat]3 = exactly z !re are "s expressions 9 ! broad rea*es ( a navigable l[l& riv]1 su* z ! ,loire or ,?ames1 n1 9 _! way1 to be mat*$ among ! rock riv]s1 & yet = all t a l[l&] _c be said to h truly se5 ! elem5t ( wat] at all2 s ev5 9 ! ri*e/ p>ks & av5ues he _c be said to h truly se5 trees4 ,= ! res\rces ( trees are n develop$ until !y h difficulty to cont5d )2 nei!r _! t5d]ness ( bro!rly love & h>mony1 till !y are =c$ to *oose _! ways ( v>i\s life :]e !re is contract$ room = !m1 talk+ to ea* o!r ) _! re/ra9$ bran*es4 ,! v>i\s action ( trees root+ !mselves 9 inhospitable rocks1 /oop+ to look into rav9es1 hid+ f ! se>* ( glaci] w9ds1 rea*+ =? to ! rays ( r>e sun%9e1 cr[d+ d[n toge!r to dr9k at sweete/ /reams1 climb+ h& 9 h& among ! difficult slopes1 op5+ 9 sudd5 dances r\nd ! mossy knolls1 ga!r+ into companies at re/ among ! fragrant fields1 glid+ 9 grave procession ov] ! heav5w>d ridges--no?+ ( ?is c be conceiv$ among ! unvex$ & unv>i$ felicities ( ! l[l& =e/3 :ile to all ^! direct s\rces ( great] beauty are add$1 fir/ ! p[] ( r$undance1--! m]e quantity ( foliage visible 9 ! folds & on ! promontories ( a s+le ,alp be+ great] ?an t ( an entire l[l& l&scape 7unless a view f "s ca!dral t[]72 & to ?is *>m ( r$undance1 t ( cle>] visibility1--tree aft] tree be+ con/antly %[n 9 successive height1 "o beh9d ano!r1 in/ead ( ! m]e tops & flanks ( masses1 z 9 ! pla9s2 & ! =ms ( multitudes ( !m cont9ually def9$ aga9/ ! cle> sky1 ne> & above1 or aga9/ :ite cl\ds entangl$ among _! bran*es1 in/ead ( be+ confus$ 9 dimness ( di/ance4 ,f9ally1 to ?is supremacy 9 foliage we h to add ! /ill less que/ionable supremacy 9 cl\ds4 ,!re is no effect ( sky possible 9 ! l[l&s :i* may n 9 equal p]fection be se5 among ! hills2 b !re are effects by t5s ( ?\s&s1 = ev] invisible & inconceivable to ! inhabitant ( ! pla9s1 manife/$ among ! hills 9 ! c\rse ( "o day4 ,! m]e p[] ( famili>ity ) ! cl\ds1 ( walk+ ) !m & above !m1 alt]s & r5d]s cle> our :ole conception ( ! baseless ar*itecture ( ! sky2 & = ! beauty ( x1 !re is m 9 a s+le wrea? ( e>ly cl\d1 pac+ its way up an av5ue ( p9es1 or paus+ among ! po9ts ( _! fr+es1 ?an 9 all ! :ite heaps t fill ! ar*$ sky ( ! pla9s f "o horizon to ! o!r4 ,& ( ! nobl] cl\d manife/ations1--! break+ ( _! tr\bl\s seas aga9/ ! crags1 _! black spray sp>kl+ ) lightn+2 or ! go+ =? ( ! morn+ along _! pavem5ts ( mov+ m>ble1 level-laid betwe5 dome & dome ( sn[2--( ^! ?+s !re c be z little imag9ation or und]/&+ 9 an inhabitant ( ! pla9s z ( ! sc5]y ( ano!r planet ?an 8 own4 ,&1 obs]ve1 all ^! sup]iorities are matt]s pla9ly measurable & calculable1 n 9 any wise to be ref]r$ to e/imate ( s5sation4 ,( ! gr&eur or expression ( ! hills ,i h n spok52 h[ f> !y are great1 or /rong1 or t]rible1 ,i d n = ! mom5t consid]1 because va/ness1 & /r5g?1 & t]ror1 are n to all m9ds subjects ( desir$ contemplation4 ,x may make no diff]5ce to "s m5 :e!r a natural object be l>ge or small1 :e!r x be /rong or feeble4 ,b lovel9ess ( col\r1 p]fectness ( =m1 endlessness ( *ange1 wond]fulness ( /ructure1 are preci\s to all undiseas$ human m9ds2 & ! sup]iority ( ! m\nta9s 9 all ^! ?+s to ! l[l& is1 ,i repeat1 z measurable z ! ri*ness ( a pa9t$ w9d[ mat*$ ) a :ite "o1 or ! weal? ( a museum comp>$ ) t ( a simply furni%$ *amb]4 ,!y seem to h be5 built = ! human race1 z at once _! s*ools & ca!drals2 full ( treasures ( illum9at$ manuscript = ! s*ol>1 k9dly 9 simple lessons to ! work]1 quiet 9 pale cloi/]s = ! ?9k]1 glori\s 9 hol9ess = ! wor%ipp]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gb3 ,f ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 #ahef1 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,d4 ,,spl5d\rs ,,( ,,sunset#gc ,we h be5 speak+ hi!rto ( :at is con/ant & necess>y 9 nature1 ( ! ord9>y effects ( daylight on ord9>y col\rs1 & we repeat aga9 t no gorge\sness ( ! pallet c rea* ev5 ^!4 ,b x is a widely diff]5t ?+ :5 ,nature h]self takes a col\r+ fit1 & does some?+ extraord9>y1 some?+ really to exhibit h] p[]4 ,%e has a ?\s& ways & means ( ris+ above h]self1 b incomp>ably ! noble/ manife/ations ( h] capability ( col\r are 9 ^! sunsets among ! high cl\ds4 ,i speak especially ( ! mom5t be=e ! sun s9ks1 :5 8 light turns pure rose-col\r1 & :5 ?is light falls ^u a z5i? cov]$ ) c\ntless cl\d-=ms ( inconceivable delicacy1 ?reads & flakes ( vap\r1 :i* w\ld 9 common daylight be pure sn[-:ite1 & :i* give1 !re=e1 fair field to ! tone ( light4 ,!re is1 !n1 no limit to ! multitude1 & no *eck to ! int5sity1 ( ! hues assum$4 ,! :ole sky f ! z5i? to ! horizon becomes "o molt5 mantl+ sea ( col\r & fire2 e black b> turns into massy gold1 e ripple & wave into unsulli$ %ad[less crimson1 & purple1 & sc>let1 & col\rs = :i* !re are no words 9 language1 & no ideas 9 ! m9d--?+s :i* c only be conceiv$ :ile !y are visible2 ! int5se holl[ blue ( ! upp] sky melt+ ?r\gh x all1 %[+ "h deep1 & pure1 & lightless2 !re1 modulat$ by ! filmy =mless body ( ! transp>5t vap\r1 till x is lo/ imp]ceptibly 9 its crimson & gold4 ,! concurr5ce ( circum/ances necess>y to produce ! sunsets ( :i* ,i speak does n take place above five or six times 9 a summ]1 & !n only = a space ( f five to t5 m9utes1 j z ! sun rea*es ! horizon4 ,consid]+ h[ seldom p ?9k ( look+ = a sunset at all1 & h[ seldom1 if !y d1 !y are 9 a position f :i* x c be fully se51 ! *ances t _! att5tion %\ld be awake1 & _! position fav\rable1 dur+ ^! few fly+ in/ants ( ! ye>1 are almo/ z no?+4 ,:at c ! citiz51 :o c see only ! r$ light on ! canvas ( ! wagon at ! end ( ! /reet1 & ! crimson col\r ( ! bricks ( 8 neighb\r's *imney1 "k ( ! flood ( fire :i* deluges ! sky f ! horizon to ! z5i?8 ,:at c ev5 ! quiet inhabitant ( ! ,engli% l[l&s1 ^: sc5e = ! manife/ation ( ! fire ( heav5 is limit$ to ! tops ( hayricks1 & ! rooks' ne/s 9 ! old elm trees1 "k ( ! mighty passages ( spl5d\r :i* are toss$ f ,alp to ,alp ov] ! azure ( a ?\s& miles ( *ampaign8 ,ev5 grant+ ! con/ant vig\r ( obs]vation1 & suppos+ ! possession ( su* impossible k1 x ne$s b a mom5t's reflection to prove h[ incapable ! memory is ( reta9+ = any "t ! di/9ct image ( ! s\rces ev5 ( its mo/ vivid impressions4 ,:at recollection h we ( ! sunsets :i* delight$ u la/ ye>8 ,we may "k t !y 7 magnific5t1 or gl[+1 b no di/9ct image ( col\r or =m is reta9$--no?+ ( ^: degree 7= ! great difficulty ) ! memory is to reta91 n facts1 b degrees ( fact7 we c\ld be s c]ta9 z to say ( any?+ n[ pres5t$ to u1 t x is l x4 ,if we did say s1 we %\ld be wrong2 = we may be q c]ta9 t ! en]gy ( an impression fades f ! memory1 & becomes m & m indi/9ct e day2 & ?us we comp>e a fad$ & indi/9ct image ) ! decision & c]ta9ty ( "o pres5t to ! s5ses4 ,h[ con/antly d we affirm t ! ?und]/orm ( la/ week 0 ! mo/ t]rible "o we ev] saw 9 our lives1 because we comp>e x1 n ) ! ?und]/orm ( la/ ye>1 b ) ! fad$ & feeble recollection ( x4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gc3 ,f ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,pt4 ,,ii1 ,sec4 ,,ii1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,/oics#gd ,,william ,,edw>d ,,h>tpole ,,lecky ,! ,/oics ass]t$ two c>d9al pr9ciples--t virtue 0 ! sole legitimate object to be aspir$ to1 & t x involv$ s complete an asc5dancy ( ! reason z altoge!r to ext+ui% ! affections4 ,! ,p]ipatetics & _m o!r philosoph]s1 :o d]iv$ _! op9ions *iefly f ,plato1 endeav\r$ to s(t5 d[n ! exagg]ation ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,!y admitt$ t virtue 0 an object :olly di/9ct f int]e/1 & t x %\ld be ! lead+ motive ( life2 b !y ma9ta9$ t happ9ess 0 also a good1 & a c]ta9 reg>d = x legitimate4 ,!y admitt$ t virtue consi/$ 9 ! supremacy ( ! reason ov] ! affections1 b !y all[$ ! ex]cise ( ! latt] )9 re/rict$ limits4 ,! ma9 di/+ui%+ features1 h[ev]1 ( /oicism1 ! unselfi% ideal & ! controll+ reason1 7 acquiesc$ 91 & ea* repres5ts an important side ( ! anci5t conception ( excell5ce :i* we mu/ n[ proce$ to exam9e4 ,9 ! fir/ we may easily trace ! intellectual expression ( ! high _s ( self-sacrifice :i* ! patriotic en?usiasm _h elicit$4 ,! _s ( patriotism has ?is peculi> *>act]i/ic1 t :ile x has evok$ acts ( h]oism :i* are bo? v num]\s & v sublime1 x has done s )\t pres5t+ any prospect ( p]sonal immortality z a rew>d4 ,( all ! =ms ( human h]oism1 x is probably ! mo/ unselfi%4 ,! ,sp>tan & ! ,roman di$ = 8 c\ntry because he lov$ x4 ,! m>tyr's ec/asy ( hope _h no place 9 8 dy+ h\r4 ,he gave up all he _h1 he clos$ 8 eyes1 z he believ$1 = ev]1 & he ask$ = no rew>d 9 ?is _w or 9 ! next4 ,ev5 ! hope ( po/hum\s fame--! mo/ ref9$ & sup]s5sual ( all t c be call$ rew>d--c\ld exi/ only = ! mo/ conspicu\s lead]s4 ,x 0 examples ( ?is nature t =m$ ! culm9ations or ideals ( anci5t sy/ems ( virtue1 & !y naturally l$ m5 to draw a v cle> & deep di/9ction betwe5 ! notions ( int]e/ & ( duty4 ,x may inde$ be truly said1 t :ile ! conception ( :at con/itut$ duty 0 (t5 v imp]fect 9 antiquity1 ! conviction t duty1 z di/+ui%$ f e modification ( selfi%ness1 %\ld be ! supreme motive ( life1 0 m cle>ly en=c$ among ! ,/oics ?an 9 any lat] society4 ,! read] w probably h ga!r$ f ! la/ *apt] t !re are f\r di/9ct motives :i* moral tea*]s may propose = ! purpose ( lead+ m5 to virtue4 ,!y may argue t ! disposition ( ev5ts is su* t prosp]ity w att5d a virtu\s life1 & adv]sity a vici\s "o--a proposition !y may prove by po9t+ to ! normal c\rse ( affairs1 & by ass]t+ ! exi/5ce ( a special ,provid5ce 9 behalf ( ! good 9 ! pres5t _w1 & ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts 9 ! future4 ,z f> z ^! latt] argum5ts are conc]n$1 ! efficacy ( su* tea*+ re/s ^u ! firmness ) :i* c]ta9 !ological t5ets are held1 :ile ! =ce ( ! fir/ consid]ations w dep5d ^u ! degree & mann] 9 :i* society is organis$1 = !re are und\bt$ly "s conditions ( society 9 :i* a p]fectly upright life has n ev5 a g5]al t5d5cy to prosp]ity4 ,! peculi> circum/ances & dispositions ( individuals w also influ5ce l>gely ! way 9 :i* !y receive su* tea*+1 &1 z ,cic]o obs]v$1 :at "o utility has creat$1 ano!r w (t5 de/roy4 ,!y may argue1 aga91 t vice is to ! m9d :at disease is to ! body1 & t a /ate ( virtue is 9 consequ5ce a /ate ( heal?4 ,j z bodily heal? is desir$ = its own sake1 z be+ ! abs5ce ( a pa9ful or at lea/ displeas+ /ate1 s a well-ord]$ & virtu\s m9d may be valu$ = its own sake1 & indep5d5tly ( all ! ext]nal good to :i* x may lead1 z be+ a condition ( happ9ess2 & a m9d di/ract$ by passion & vice may be avoid$1 n s mu* because x is an ob/acle 9 ! pursuit ( prosp]ity1 z because x is 9 itself ess5tially pa9ful & di/urb+4 ,?is conception ( virtue & vice z /ates ( heal? or sickness1 ! "o be+ 9 itself a good1 & ! o!r 9 itself an evil1 0 a fundam5tal proposition 9 ! e?ics ( ,plato4 ,x 0 admitt$1 b only to a subsidi>y place1 by ! ,/oics1 & has pass$ m or less into all ! succe$+ sy/ems4 ,x is especially fav\rable to l>ge & elevat+ conceptions ( self-culture1 = x leads m5 to dwell mu* less ^u isolat$ acts ( virtue or vice ?an ^u ! habitual condition ( m9d f :i* !y spr+4 ,x is possible1 9 ! ?ird place1 to argue 9 fav\r ( virtue by (f]+ z a motive t s5se ( pleasure :i* foll[s ! delib]ate p]=mance ( a virtu\s act4 ,?is emotion is a di/9ct & isolat$ gratification foll[+ a di/9ct action1 & may !re=e be easily sep>at$ f t habitual placidity ( temp] :i* results f ! ext9ction ( vici\s & p]turb+ impulses4 ,x is ?is !ory :i* is impli$ 9 ! common exhortations to enjoy ! luxury ( do+ good1 & ?\gh especially /rong 9 acts ( b5evol5ce1 9 :i* case sympa?y ) ! happ9ess creat$ int5sifies ! feel+1 ?is pleasure att5ds e k9d ( virtue4 ,^! ?ree motives ( action h all ?is common *>act]i/ic1 t !y po9t z _! ultimate end to ! happ9ess ( ! ag5t4 ,! fir/ seeks t happ9ess 9 ext]nal circum/ances2 ! second & ?ird 9 psy*ological conditions4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a f\r? k9d ( motive :i* may be urg$1 & :i* is ! peculi> *>act]i/ic ( ! intuitive s*ool ( morali/s & ! /umbl+-block ( its oppon5ts4 ,x is ass]t$ t we are s con/itut$ t ! notion ( duty furni%es 9 itself a natural motive ( action ( ! highe/ ord]1 & :olly di/9ct f all ! ref9em5ts & modifications ( self-int]e/4 ,! coactive =ce ( ?is motive is altoge!r indep5d5t ( surr\nd+ circum/ances1 & ( all =ms ( belief4 ,x is equally true = ! man :o believes & = ! man :o rejects ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 = ! believ] 9 a future _w & = ! believ] 9 ! mortality ( ! s\l4 ,x is n a "q ( happ9ess or unhapp9ess1 ( rew>d or puni%m5t1 b ( a g5]ically diff]5t nature4 ,m5 feel t a c]ta9 c\rse ( life is ! natural end ( _! be+1 & !y feel b\nd1 ev5 at ! exp5se ( happ9ess1 to pursue x4 ,!y feel t c]ta9 acts are ess5tially good & noble1 & o!rs ess5tially base & vile1 & ?is p]ception leads !m to pursue ! "o & to avoid ! o!r1 irrespective ( all consid]ations ( enjoym5t4 ,! s*ool ( philosophy we are review+ furni%es ! mo/ p]fect ( all hi/orical examples ( ! p[] :i* ! high] ( ^! motives c ex]cise ov] ! m9d4 ,! co>s] =ms ( self-int]e/ 7 9 /oicism absolutely condemn$4 ,x 0 "o ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ^! philosoph]s t all ?+s t are n 9 our p[] %\ld be e/eem$ indiff]5t2 t ! object ( all m5tal discipl9e %\ld be to )draw ! m9d f all ! gifts ( =tune1 & t prud5ce mu/ 9 consequ5ce be altoge!r exclud$ f ! motives ( virtue4 ,to en=ce ^! pr9ciples !y cont9ually dilat$ ^u ! vanity ( human ?+s1 & ^u ! maje/y ( ! indep5d5t m9d1 & !y indulg$1 ?\gh sc>cely m ?an o!r sects1 9 _m exagg]ations ab\t ! impassive tranquillity ( ! sage4 ,9 ! ,roman empire /oicism fl\ri%$ at a p]iod :i*1 beyond almo/ any o!r1 seem$ mo/ unfav\rable to su* tea*+4 ,!re 7 reigns :51 9 ! emphatic words ( ,tacitus1 virtue 0 a s5t5ce ( dea?4 ,9 no p]iod _h brute =ce m completely triumph$1 9 none 0 ! ?ir/ = mat]ial advantages m int5se1 9 v few 0 vice m o/5tati\sly glorifi$4 ,yet 9 ! mid/ ( all ^! circum/ances ! ,/oics taught a philosophy :i* 0 n a compromise1 n an attempt to mod]ate ! popul> excesses1 b :i* 9 its au/]e sanctity 0 ! extreme anti!sis ( all t ! prevail+ examples & _! own int]e/s c\ld dictate4 ,& ^! m5 7 no impassion$ fanatics1 fir$ ) ! prospect ( com+ glory4 ,!y 7 m5 f ^: motives ( action ! belief 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l 0 resolutely exclud$4 ,9 ! scepticism t accompani$ ! fir/ introduction ( philosophy into ,rome1 9 ! dissolution ( ! old fables ab\t ,t>t>us & ! ,/yx1 & ! dissem9ation ( ,epicureanism among ! p1 ?is doctr9e1 not)/&+ ! beautiful reason+s ( ,cic]o & ! religi\s fai? ( a few :o clung l ,plut>* to ! my/]ies 9 :i* x 0 p]petuat$1 _h sunk v l[4 ,an int]locutor 9 ,cic]o express$ :at 0 probably a common feel+1 :5 he ackn[l$g$ t1 ) ! writ+s ( ,plato be=e him1 he c\ld believe & realise x2 b :5 he clos$ ! book1 ! reason+s seem$ to lose _! p[]1 & ! _w ( spirits grew pale & unreal4 ,if ,ennius c\ld elicit ! plaudits ( a !atre :5 he proclaim$ t ! gods took no "p 9 human affairs1 ,caes> c\ld ass]t 9 ! s5ate1 )\t sc&al & almo/ )\t diss5t1 t dea? 0 ! end ( all ?+s4 ,pl9y1 p]haps ! greate/ ( all ! ,roman s*ol>s1 adopt+ ! s5tim5t ( all ! s*ool ( ,epicurus1 describes ! belief 9 a future life z a =m ( madness1 a pu]ile & a p]nici\s illusion4 ,! op9ions ( ! ,/oics 7 wav]+ & unc]ta94 ,_! fir/ doctr9e 0 t ! s\l ( man has a future & indep5d5t1 b n an et]nal exi/5ce1 t x survives until ! conflagration t 0 to de/roy ! _w :5 all f9ite ?+s w\ld be absorb$ 9 ! all-p]vad+ s\l ( nature4 ,*rysippus1 h[ev]1 re/rict$ to ! be/ & noble/ s\ls ?is future exi/5ce1 :i* ,clean!s _h aw>d$ to all1 & among ! ,roman ,/oics ev5 ?is 0 greatly d\bt$4 ,! belief t ! human s\l is a deta*$ fragm5t ( ! ,deity1 naturally l$ to ! belief t aft] dea? x w\ld be reabsorb$ 9 ! p>5t ,_s4 ,! doctr9e t !re is no real good b virtue depriv$ ! ,/oics ( ! argum5t = a future _w d]iv$ f unrequit$ m]it & unpuni%$ crimes1 & ! e>ne/ness ) :i* !y cont5d$ t a good man %\ld act irrespectively ( rew>d1 incl9$ !m1 z x is said to h incl9$ "s ,jewi% ?9k]s1 to ! d5ial ( ! exi/5ce ( ! rew>d4 ,panaetius1 ! f\nd] ( ,roman /oicism1 ma9ta9$ t ! s\l p]i%$ ) ! body1 & 8 op9ion 0 foll[$ by ,epictetus & ,cornutus4 ,s5eca contradict$ himself on ! subject4 ,m>cus ,aurelius nev] rose beyond a vague & m\rnful aspiration4 ,^? :o believ$ 9 a future _w believ$ x fa9tly & unc]ta9ly1 & ev5 :5 !y accept$ x z a fact1 !y %rank f propos+ x z a motive4 ,! :ole sy/em ( /oical e?ics1 :i* c>ri$ self-sacrifice to a po9t t has sc>cely be5 equall$1 & ex]cis$ an influ5ce :i* has r>ely be5 surpass$1 0 evolv$ )\t any assi/ance f ! doctr9e ( a future life4 ,pagan antiquity has bequea!d u few nobl] treatises ( morals ?an ! ,de ,(ficiis ( ,cic]o1 :i* 0 av[$ly an expansion ( a "w ( ,panaetius4 ,x has left u no gr&] example ?an t ( ,epictetus1 ! sickly1 de=m$ slave ( a ma/] :o 0 notori\s = 8 b>b>ity1 enfranci%$ late 9 life1 b soon driv5 into exile by ,domitian1 :o1 :ile s\nd+ ! v abyss ( human mis]y1 & look+ =w>d to dea? z to simple decomposition1 0 yet s fill$ ) ! s5se ( ! ,div9e pres5ce1 t 8 life 0 "o cont9u$ hymn to ,provid5ce1 & 8 writ+s & 8 example1 :i* appe>$ to 8 contempor>ies almo/ ! ideal ( human goodness1 h n lo/ _! consol+ p[] ?r\gh all ! ages & ! vicissitudes !y h surviv$4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 ano!r =m ( immortality :i* ex]cis$ a mu* great] influ5ce among ! ,roman morali/s4 ,! desire = reputation1 & especially = po/hum\s reputation--t la/ infirmity ( noble m9ds--assum$ an extraord9>y prom95ce among ! spr+s ( ,roman h]oism1 & 0 also ! orig9 ( t !atrical & ov]/ra9$ phraseology :i* ! greate/ ( anci5t morali/s r>ely escap$4 ,b we %\ld be altoge!r 9 error if we inf]r$1 z "s h done1 t paganism nev] rose to ! conception ( virtue conceal+ itself f ! _w1 & cons5t+ volunt>ily to degradation4 ,no *>act]s 7 m highly appreciat$ 9 antiquity ?an ^? ( m5 :o1 ?r\gh a s5se ( duty1 oppos$ ! /rong curr5t ( popul> fav\r2 ( m5 l ,fabius1 :o cons5t$ = ! sake ( _! c\ntry to incur ! reputation t is mo/ fatal to a soldi]2 ( m5 l ,cato1 :o rema9$ unmov$ among ! sc(fs1 ! insults1 & ! ridicule ( an angry cr[d4 ,cic]o1 exp\nd+ ! pr9ciples ( /oicism1 decl>$ t no "o has atta9$ to true philosophy :o has n le>nt t all vice %\ld be avoid$1 ?\gh x 7 conceal$ f ! eyes ( gods & m51 & t no de$s are m laudable ?an ^? :i* are done )\t o/5tation1 & f> f ! sight ( m54 ,! writ+s ( ! ,/oics are cr[d$ ) s5t5ces to ! same effect4 ,no?+ = op9ion1 all = consci5ce4 ,he :o wi%es 8 virtue to be blaz$ abroad is n lab\r+ = virtue b = fame4 ,no "o is m virtu\s ?an ! man :o sacrifices ! reputation ( a good man r ?an sacrifice 8 consci5ce4 ,i d n %r9k f praise1 b ,i refuse to make x ! end & t]m ( "r4 ,if y d any?+ to please m51 y h fall5 f y\r e/ate4 ,ev5 a bad reputation nobly e>n$ is pleas+4 ,a great man is n ! less great :5 he lies vanqui%$ & pro/rate 9 ! du/4 ,nev] =get t x is possible to be at once a div9e man1 yet a man unkn[n to all ! _w4 ,t :i* is beautiful is beautiful 9 itself2 ! praise ( man adds no?+ to its quality4 ,m>cus ,aurelius1 foll[+ an example t is ascrib$ to ,py?agoras1 made x a special object ( m5tal discipl9e1 by cont9ually m$itat+ on dea?1 & evok+1 by an ef=t ( ! imag9ation1 :ole societies t _h pass$ away1 to acquire a realis$ s5se ( ! vanity ( po/hum\s fame4 ,! y\ng] ,pl9y pa9t$ fai?fully ! ideal ( /oicism :5 he describ$ "o ( 8 fri5ds z a man :o did no?+ = o/5tation b all = consci5ce2 :o s\ght ! rew>d ( virtue 9 itself1 & n 9 ! praise ( man4 ,nor 7 ! ,/oics less emphatic 9 di/+ui%+ ! obligation f ! attraction ( virtue4 ,x 0 on ?is po9t t !y sep>at$ f ! m ref9$ ,epicureans1 :o 7 (t5 will+ to sublimate to ! highe/ degree ! k9d ( pleasure !y propos$ z an object1 provid$ only x 7 admitt$ t pleasure is necess>ily ! ultimate end ( our actions4 ,b ?is ! ,/oics firmly d5i$4 ,pleasure1 !y argu$1 is ! companion1 n ! guide1 ( our c\rse4 ,we d n love virtue because x gives u pleasure1 b x gives u pleasure because we love x4 ,! wise man w n s91 ?\gh bo? gods & m5 %\ld ov]look ! de$1 = x is n ?r\gh ! fe> ( puni%m5t or ( %ame t he ab/a9s f s94 ,x is f ! desire & obligation ( :at is j & good4 ,to ask to be paid = virtue is z if ! eye dem&$ a recomp5se = see+1 or ! feet = walk+4 ,9 do+ good1 man %\ld be l ! v9e :i* has produc$ grapes1 & asks = no?+ m aft] x has produc$ its prop] fruit4 ,8 end1 accord+ to ^! tea*]s1 is n to f9d peace ei!r 9 life or 9 dea?4 ,x is to d 8 duty1 & to tell ! tru?4 ,! second di/+ui%+ feature ( /oicism ,i h notic$ 0 ! complete suppression ( ! affections to make way = ! absolute asc5d5cy ( reason4 ,!re are two great divisions ( "* correspond+ v ne>ly to ! /oical & epicurean temp]am5ts ,i h describ$--t 9 :i* ! w pr$om9ates1 & t 9 :i* ! desires are supreme4 ,a good man ( ! fir/ class is "o ^: w1 direct$ by a s5se ( duty1 pursues ! c\rse he believes to be "r1 9 spite ( /rong temptations to pursue an opposite c\rse1 aris+ ei!r f 8 own passions & t5d5cies1 or f ! circum/ances t surr\nd him4 ,a good man ( ! second class is "o :o is s happily con/itut$ t 8 sympa?ies & desires in/9ctively t5d to virtu\s ends4 ,! fir/ "* is ! only "o to :i* we c1 /rictly speak+1 atta* ! idea ( m]it1 & is also ! only "o :i* is capable ( ris+ to high ef=ts ( cont9u\s & h]oic self-sacrifice2 b on ! o!r h&1 !re is a *>m 9 ! spontane\s action ( ! un=c$ desires :i* discipl9$ virtue c p]haps nev] atta94 ,! man :o is consi/5tly g5]\s ?r\gh a s5se ( duty1 :5 8 natural temp]am5t impels him to av>ice1 & :5 e ex]cise ( b5evol5ce causes him a pang1 des]ves 9 ! v highe/ degree our admiration2 b he ^: g5]osity co/s him no ef=t1 b is ! natural gratification ( 8 affections1 attracts a f> l>g] measure ( our love4 ,correspond+ to ^! two ca/s ( "*1 we f9d two di/9ct !ories ( education1 ! aim ( ! "o be+ *iefly to /r5g!n ! w1 & t ( ! o!r to guide ! desires4 ,! pr9cipal examples ( ! fir/ are ! ,sp>tan & /oical sy/ems ( antiquity1 &1 ) "s modifications1 ! asceticism ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! object ( ^! sy/ems 0 to enable m5 to endure pa91 to repress manife/ & ackn[l$g$ desires1 to rel9qui% enjoym5ts1 to e/abli% an absolute empire ov] _! emotions4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is a me?od ( education :i* 0 nev] m preval5t ?an 9 ! pres5t day1 :i* exhau/s its ef=ts 9 mak+ virtue attractive1 9 associat+ x ) all ! *>ms ( imag9ation & ( prosp]ity1 & 9 ?us ins5sibly draw+ ! desires 9 ! wi%$ = direction4 ,z ! fir/ sy/em is especially suit$ to a di/urb$ & milit>y society1 :i* requires & elicits /rong ef=ts ( ! w1 & is !re=e ! special sph]e ( h]oic virtues1 s ! latt] belongs naturally to a tranquil & highly organis$ civilisation1 :i* is !re=e v fav\rable to ! amiable qualities1 & x is probable t z civilisation advances1 ! h]oic type w1 9 consequ5ce1 become m & m r>e1 & a k9d ( self-indulg5t goodness m common4 ,! circum/ances ( ! anci5t societies l$ !m to ! =m] type1 ( :i* ! ,/oics furni%$ ! extreme expression 9 _! doctr9e t ! affections are ( ! nature ( a disease--a doctr9e :i* !y ju/ifi$ by ! same k9d ( argum5ts z ^? :i* are n[ (t5 employ$ by metaphysicians to prove t love1 ang] & ! l1 c only be ascrib$ by a figure ( spee* to ! ,deity4 ,p]turbation1 !y cont5d$1 is necess>ily imp]fection1 & none ( its =ms c 9 consequ5ce be ascrib$ to a p]fect be+4 ,we h a cle> intuitive p]ception t reason is ! highe/1 & %\ld be ! direct+ p[] ( an intellig5t be+2 b e act :i* is p]=m$ at ! in/igation ( ! emotions is )drawn f ! empire ( reason4 ,h5ce x 0 inf]r$ t :ile ! w %\ld be educat$ to act habitually 9 ! direction ( virtue1 ev5 ! emotions t seem mo/ fitt$ to second x %\ld be absolutely proscrib$4 ,?us ,s5eca has elaborat$ at l5g? ! di/9ction betwe5 clem5cy & pity1 ! fir/ be+ "o ( ! highe/ virtues1 & ! latt] a positive vice4 ,clem5cy1 he says1 is an habitual disposition to g5tl5ess 9 ! application ( puni%m5ts4 ,x is t mod]ation :i* remits some?+ ( an incurr$ p5alty2 x is ! opposite ( cruelty1 :i* is an habitual disposition to rig\r4 ,pity1 on ! o!r h&1 be>s to clem5cy ! same k9d ( relation z sup]/ition to religion4 ,x is ! weakness ( a feeble m9d t fl9*es at ! sight ( suff]+4 ,clem5cy is an act ( judgm5t1 b pity di/urbs ! judgm5t4 ,clem5cy adjudicates ^u ! proportion betwe5 suff]+ & guilt4 ,pity contemplates only suff]+1 & gives no ?\ghts to its cause4 ,clem5cy1 9 ! mid/ ( its noble/ ef=ts1 is p]fectly passionless2 pity is unreason+ emotion4 ,clem5cy is an ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( ! sage2 pity is only suit$ = weak wom5 & = diseas$ m9ds4 ,! sage w console ^? :o weep1 b )\t weep+ ) !m2 he w succ\r ! %ipwreck$1 give hospitality to ! proscrib$1 & alms to ! poor1 444 re/ore ! son to ! "m's te>s1 save ! captive f ! ar5a1 & ev5 bury ! crim9al2 b 9 all1 8 m9d & 8 c\nt5ance w be alike untr\bl$4 ,he w feel no pity4 ,he w succ\r1 he w d good1 = he is born to assi/ 8 fell[s1 to lab\r = ! welf>e ( mank9d1 & to (f] ea* "o 8 "p4 ,8 c\nt5ance & 8 s\l w betray no emotion z he looks ^u ! )]$ legs1 ! tatt]$ rags1 ! b5t & emaciat$ frame ( ! begg>4 ,b he w help ^? :o are wor?y1 &1 l ! gods1 8 lean+ w be t[>ds ! wret*$4444 ,x is only diseas$ eyes t gr[ moi/ 9 behold+ te>s 9 o!r eyes1 z x is no true sympa?y1 b only weakness ( n]ves1 t leads "s to laugh always :5 o!rs laugh1 or to yawn :5 o!rs yawn4 ,cic]o1 9 a s5t5ce :i* might be adopt$ z ! motto ( /oicism1 said t ,hom] attribut$ human qualities to ! gods2 x w\ld h be5 bett] to h imp>t$ div9e qualities to m54 ,! rem>kable passage ,i h j cit$ s]ves to %[ ! extremes to :i* ! ,/oics pu%$ ?is imitation4 ,& inde$1 if we comp>e ! diff]5t virtues t h fl\ri%$ among ,pagans & ,*ri/ians1 we inv>iably f9d t ! prevail+ type ( excell5ce among ! =m] is t 9 :i* ! w & judgm5t1 & among ! latt]1 t 9 :i* ! emotions are mo/ prom95t4 ,fri5d%ip r ?an love1 hospitality r ?an *>ity1 magnanimity r ?an t5d]ness1 clem5cy r ?an sympa?y1 are ! *>act]i/ics ( anci5t goodness4 ,! ,/oics1 :o c>ri$ ! suppression ( ! emotions f>!r ?an any o!r s*ool1 lab\r$ ) great zeal to comp5sate ! injury ?us done to ! b5evol5t side ( our nature1 by greatly enl>g+ ! sph]e ( reason$ & passionless philan?ropy4 ,!y taught1 9 ! mo/ emphatic language1 ! frat]nity ( all m51 & ! consequ5t duty ( ea* man consecrat+ 8 life to ! welf>e ( o!rs4 ,!y develop$ ?is g5]al doctr9e 9 a s]ies ( detail$ precepts1 :i*1 = ! range1 dep?1 & beauty ( _! *>ity1 h nev] be5 surpass$4 ,!y ev5 ext5d$ _! compassion to crime1 & adopt+ ! p>adox ( ,plato1 t all guilt is ignorance1 treat$ x z an involunt>y disease1 & decl>$ t ! only legitimate gr\nd ( puni%m5t is prev5tion4 ,b h[ev] fully !y might recognise 9 !ory _! pr9ciples ) ! wide/ & mo/ active b5evol5ce1 !y c\ld n :olly c\nt]act ! practical evil ( a sy/em :i* decl>$ w> aga9/ ! :ole emotional side ( our be+1 & r$uc$ human virtue to a k9d ( maje/ic egotism2 propos+ z examples su* m5 z ,anaxagoras1 :o :5 told t 8 son _h di$1 simply obs]v$1 ,i nev] suppos$ t ,i _h begott5 an immortal1 or z ,/ilpo1 :o :5 8 c\ntry _h be5 ru9$1 8 native city captur$1 & 8 daught]s c>ri$ away z slaves or z concub9es1 boa/$ t he _h lo/ no?+1 = ! sage is indep5d5t ( circum/ances4 ,! framework or !ory ( b5evol5ce might be !re1 b ! animat+ _s 0 abs5t4 ,m5 :o taught t ! husb& or ! fa!r %\ld look ) p]fect indiff]5ce on ! dea? ( 8 wife or 8 *ild1 & t ! philosoph]1 ?\gh he may %$ te>s ( pret5d$ sympa?y 9 ord] to console 8 suff]+ fri5d1 mu/ suff] no real emotion to p5etrate 8 brea/1 c\ld nev] f\nd a true or la/+ religion ( b5evol5ce4 ,m5 :o refus$ to recognise pa9 & sickness z evils 7 sc>cely likely to be v eag] to relieve !m 9 o!rs4 ,9 tru?1 ! ,/oics1 :o taught t all virtue 0 con=mity to nature1 71 9 ?is respect1 em95tly false to _! own pr9ciple4 ,human nature1 z reveal$ to u by reason1 is a composite ?+1 a con/itution ( _m p>ts diff]+ 9 k9d & dignity1 a hi]>*y 9 :i* _m p[]s are int5d$ to co-exi/1 b 9 diff]5t positions ( asc5d5cy or subord9ation4 ,to make ! high] "p ( our nature our :ole nature is n to re/ore b to mutilate humanity1 & ?is mutilation has nev] be5 attempt$ )\t produc+ grave evils4 ,z philan?ropi/s1 ! ,/oics1 ?r\gh _! passion = unity1 7 l$ to ! extirpation ( ^? emotions :i* nature int5d$ z ! *ief spr+s ( b5evol5ce4 ,z speculative philosoph]s1 !y 7 entangl$ by ! same desire 9 a long tra9 ( pitiable p>adoxes4 ,_! fam\s doctr9es t all virtues are equal1 or1 m correctly1 are ! same1 t all vices are equal1 t no?+ is an evil :i* does n affect our w1 & t pa9 & b]eavem5t are1 9 consequ5ce1 no ills1 ?\gh p>tially expla9$ away & frequ5tly disreg>d$ by ! ,roman ,/oics1 7 yet suffici5tly prom95t to give _! tea*+ some?+ ( an unnatural & affect$ appe>ance4 ,priz+ only a s+le object1 & develop+ only a s+le side ( _! nature1 _! m9ds became n>r[ & _! views contract$4 ,?us1 :ile ! ,epicureans1 urg+ m5 to /udy nature 9 ord] to bani% sup]/ition1 endeav\r$ to correct ! ignorance ( physical sci5ce :i* 0 "o ( ! *ief imp$im5ts to ! progress ( ! anci5t m9d1 ! ,/oics = ! mo/ "p disda9$ a /udy :i* 0 o!r ?an ! pursuit ( virtue4 ,:ile ! ,epicurean poet pa9t$ 9 magnific5t language ! p]petual progress ( mank9d1 ! ,/oic 0 ess5tially retrospective1 & exhau/$ 8 /r5g? 9 va9 ef=ts to re/ore ! simplicity ( a by-gone age4 ,:ile1 too1 ! s*ool ( ,z5o produc$ _m ( ! be/ & greate/ m5 :o h ev] liv$1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t its records exhibit a r unusual numb] ( examples ( high pr(essions falsifi$ 9 action1 & ( m5 :o1 display+ 9 "s =ms ! mo/ und\bt$ & transc5d5t virtue1 fell 9 o!rs f> bel[ ! av]age ( mank9d4 ,! eld] ,cato1 :o1 ?\gh n a philosoph]1 0 a model ( philosoph]s1 0 conspicu\s = 8 inhumanity to 8 slaves4 ,brutus 0 "o ( ! mo/ extortionate usur]s ( 8 "t1 & sev]al citiz5s ( ,salamis di$ ( />vation1 imprison$ because !y c\ld n pay ! sum he dem&$4 ,no "o eulogis$ m eloqu5tly ! au/]e simplicity ( life :i* /oicism advocat$ ?an ,sallu/1 :o 9 a corrupt age 0 notori\s = 8 rapacity4 ,s5eca himself 0 con/itutionally a n]v\s & timid man1 endeav\r+1 n always ) success1 to support himself by a sublime philosophy4 ,he guid$1 "u circum/ances ( extreme difficulty1 ! cause ( virtue1 & 8 dea? is "o ( ! noble/ antiquity records2 b 8 life 0 deeply m>k$ by ! ta9t ( flatt]y1 & n free f ! ta9t ( av>ice1 & x is unhappily c]ta9 t1 aft] its accompli%m5t1 he l5t 8 p5 to conceal or v>ni% "o ( ! wor/ crimes ( ,n]o4 ,! c\rage ( ,lucan fail$ signally "u torture1 & ! flatt]y :i* he be/[$ ^u ,n]o1 9 8 ,ph>salia1 ranks ) ! ,epigrams ( ,m>tial z probably ! extreme limit ( sycophancy to :i* ,roman lit]ature desc5d$4 ,:ile1 too1 ! ma9 object ( ! ,/oics 0 to popul>ise philosophy1 ! high /&>d ( self-control !y exact$ r5d]$ _! sy/em exce$+ly unfit = ! great majority ( mank9d1 & = ! ord9>y condition ( affairs4 ,life is hi/ory1 n poetry4 ,x consi/s ma9ly ( little ?+s1 r>ely illum9$ by fla%es ( great h]oism1 r>ely brok5 by great dang]s1 or dem&+ great ex]tions4 ,a moral sy/em1 to gov]n society1 mu/ accommodate itself to common *>act]s & m+l$ motives4 ,x mu/ be capable ( influ5c+ natures t c nev] rise to an h]oic level4 ,x mu/ t9cture1 modify1 & mitigate :]e x _c eradicate or trans=m4 ,9 ,*ri/ianity !re are always a few p]sons seek+ by cont9ual & pa9ful ef=ts to rev]se or ext+ui% ! ord9>y feel+s ( humanity1 b 9 ! great majority ( cases ! influ5ce ( ! religi\s pr9ciple ^u ! m9d1 ?\gh v real1 is n ( a nature to cause any s]i\s /ra9 or /ruggle4 ,x is display$ 9 a c]ta9 acquir$ spontaneity ( impulse4 ,x s(t5s ! "*1 purifies & directs ! imag9ation1 bl5ds ins5sibly ) ! habitual modes ( ?\ght1 &1 )\t revolutionis+1 gives a tone & bias to all ! =ms ( action4 ,b /oicism 0 simply a s*ool ( h]oes4 ,x recognis$ no gradations ( virtue or vice4 ,x condemn$ all emotions1 all spontaneity1 all m+l$ motives1 all ! pr9ciples1 feel+s1 & impulses ^u :i* ! virtue ( common m5 ma9ly dep5ds4 ,x 0 capable ( act+ only on moral natures t 7 /rung to ! highe/ t5sion1 & x 0 !re=e naturally reject$ by ! multitude4 ,! c5tral conception ( ?is philosophy ( self-control 0 ! dignity ( man4 ,pride1 :i* looks )91 mak+ man seek 8 own approbation1 z di/+ui%$ f vanity1 :i* looks )\t1 & %apes its conduct accord+ to ! op9ions ( o!rs1 0 n only p]mitt$ 9 /oicism1 x 0 its lead+ moral ag5t4 ,! s5se ( virtue1 z ,i h else:]e obs]v$1 occupies 9 ?is sy/em mu* ! same place z ! s5se ( s9 9 ,*ri/ianity4 ,s91 9 ! conception ( ! anci5ts1 0 simply disease1 & !y deem$ x ! "p ( a wise man to correct x1 b n to dwell ^u its circum/ances4 ,9 ! _m disquisitions :i* ,epictetus & o!rs h left u conc]n+ ! prop] frame ( m9d 9 :i* man %\ld approa* dea?1 rep5tance = pa/ s9 has absolutely no place1 nor d ! anci5ts appe> to h ev] realis$ ! purify+ & spiritualis+ influ5ce x ex]cises ^u ! "*4 ,& :ile ! reality ( moral disease 0 fully recognis$1 :ile an ideal ( l(ty & inde$ unatta9able excell5ce 0 cont9ually propos$1 no "o d\bt$ ! ess5tial excell5ce ( human nature1 & v few d\bt$ ! possibility ( man acquir+ by 8 own w a high degree ( virtue4 ,! doctr9e ( suicide 0 ! culm9at+ po9t ( ,roman /oicism4 ,! pr\d1 self-reliant1 unb5d+ "* ( ! philosoph]1 c\ld only be su/a9$ :5 he felt t he _h a sure refuge aga9/ ! extreme =ms ( suff]+ or ( despair4 ,al?\gh virtue is n a m]e creature ( int]e/1 no great sy/em has ev] yet fl\ri%$ :i* did n pres5t an ideal ( happ9ess z well z an ideal ( duty4 ,/oicism taught m5 to hope little1 b to fe> no?+4 ,x did n array dea? 9 brilliant col\rs1 z ! pa? to positive felicity1 b x endeav\r$ to dive/ x1 z ! end ( suff]+1 ( e t]ror4 ,life lo/ mu* ( its bitt]ness :5 m5 _h f\nd a refuge f ! /orms ( fate1 a spe$y deliv]ance f dotage & pa94 ,dea? ceas$ to be t]rible :5 x 0 reg>d$ r z a rem$y ?an z a s5t5ce4 ,life & dea? 9 ! /oical sy/em 7 attun$ to ! same key4 ,! deification ( human virtue1 ! total abs5ce ( all s5se ( s91 ! pr\d /ubborn w t deem$ humiliation ! wor/ ( /a9s1 appe>$ alike 9 ea*4 ,! type ( its own k9d 0 p]fect4 ,all ! virtues & all ! maje/y t accompany human pride1 :5 develop$ to ! highe/ po9t1 & direct$ to ! noble/ ends1 7 "h display$4 ,all ^? :i* accompany humility & self-abasem5t 7 abs5t4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gd3 ,f ,*apt] ,,ii1 ,vol4 ,i1 ( ,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals1 #ahfi4 ,! au?or's foot-notes h be5 omitt$4 ,,! ,,en?usiasm ,,( ,,humanity#ge ,,john ,,rob]t ,,seeley ,! fir/ me?od ( tra9+ ?is passion :i* ,*ri/ employ$ 0 ! direct "o ( mak+ x a po9t ( duty to feel x4 ,to love "o's neighb\r z oneself 01 he said1 ! fir/ & greate/ law4 ,& 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt he requires ! passion to be felt 9 su* /r5g? z to include ^? :om we h mo/ reason to hate--our enemies & ^? :o malici\sly injure u--& deliv]s an imp]ative precept1 ,love y\r enemies4 ,x has be5 %[n t to d ?is is n1 z might at fir/ appe>1 9 ! nature ( ?+s impossible1 b ! fur!r "q sugge/s itself1 ,c x be done to ord]8 ,has ! v]b to love really an imp]ative mood8 ,c]ta9ly1 to say t we c love at pleasure1 & by a m]e ef=t ( w summon up a passion :i* does n arise ( itself1 is to take up a p>adoxical & novel position4 ,yet if ?is position be really unt5able1 h[ is x possible to obey ,*ri/'s comm&s8 ,! difficulty seems to admit ( only "o solution4 ,we are n comm&$ to create by an ef=t ( w a feel+ ( love 9 ourselves :i* o!rwise w\ld h _h no exi/5ce2 ! feel+ mu/ arise naturally or x _c arise at all4 ,b a numb] ( causes :i* are removable may int]f]e to prev5t ! feel+ f aris+ or to /ifle x z x arises1 & we are comm&$ to remove ^! h9drances4 ,x is natural to man to love 8 k9d1 & ,*ri/ comm&s u only to give nature play4 ,he does n expect u to procure = ourselves he>ts ( "s new sup]natural texture1 b m]ely ! he>t ( fle% = ! he>t ( /one4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! causes ( ?is p>alysis ( ! he>t8 ,! exp]i5ce ( human life furni%es u readily ) ! answ]4 ,x con/antly happ5s t "o ^: affections 7 orig9ally n less lively ?an ^? ( mo/ m5 is ?r[n into ! society ( p]sons de/itute ( sympa?y or t5d]ness4 ,9 ?is society ea* p]son is ei!r totally indiff]5t to 8 neighb\r or secretly endeav\r+ to injure or ov]rea* him4 ,! new-com] is at fir/ op5-he>t$ & cordial2 he presumes e "o he meets to be a fri5d1 & is dispos$ to s]ve & expects to be s]v$ by all alike4 ,b 8 advances are met by "s ) cauti\s res]ve1 by o!rs ) icy coldness1 by o!rs ) hypocritical w>m? foll[$ by trea*]\s injury1 by o!rs ) op5 ho/ility4 ,! he>t :i* naturally grew w>m at ! m]e sight ( a human be+1 "u ! op]ation ( ?is new exp]i5ce sl[ly becomes p>alys$4 ,!re seats itself gradually 9 ! man's m9d a presumption conc]n+ e new face t x is ! face ( an enemy1 & a habit ( ga!r+ himself into an attitude ( self-def5ce :5ev] he deals ) a fell[-creature4 ,if :5 ?is new disposition has gr[n confirm$ & habitual1 he be introduc$ into a society ( an opposite k9d & meet ) p z fri5dly & k9d z he himself 0 orig9ally1 he w n at fir/ be able to believe 9 _! s9c]ity1 & ! old k9dly affections f long disuse w be sl[ to r\se !mselves )9 him4 ,n[ to su* a p]son ! imp]ative mood ( ! v]b to love may fairly be us$4 ,he may prop]ly be told to make an ef=t1 to %ake (f ! di/ru/ t oppresses him1--n to suff] unprov$ suspicions1 causeless jeal\sies1 to /ifle by ! m]e =ce ( prejudice & mi/ak5 op9ion ! w>m? ( feel+ natural to him4 ,b we %all h a clos] illu/ration if we suppose ! cold-he>t$ society itself to be address$ by a prea*] :o wi%es to br+ !m to a bett] m9d4 ,he too may fairly use ! imp]ative mood ( ! v]b to love4 ,= he may say1 ,y\r mutual coldness does n spr+ f an orig9al want ( ! p[] ( sympa?y4 ,if x did1 admonitions w\ld inde$ be useless4 ,b x spr+s f a habit ( ?\ght :i* y h =m$1 a maxim :i* has be5 receiv$ among y1 t all m5 are devot$ to self-int]e/1 t k9dness is b feebl5ess & invites injury4 ,if y w at once & by a common act ?r[ (f ?is false op9ion ( human nature1 & adopt a new plan ( life = y\rselves & new expectations ( ea* o!r1 y w f9d ! old affections natural to all ( y1 weak5$ inde$ & *ill$1 b exi/+ & capable ( be+ reviv$ by an ef=t4 ,su* a prea*] might g fur!r & say1 ,if b a small m9ority are conv9c$ by my words1 yet let t m9ority = itself ab&on ! selfi% !ory1 let x r5\nce ! safety :i* t !ory af=ds 9 deal+ ) selfi% m51 let x treat ! enemy z if he 7 inde$ ! fri5d he ought to be1 let x d>e to =ego retaliation & ev5 self-def5ce4 ,by ?is means x w %ame _m into k9dness2 by despis+ self-int]e/ = itself x w sometimes make x seem despicable to o!rs2 by s9c]ity & p]si/5cy x w gradually conv]t ! majority to a high] law ( int]c\rse4 ,! _w has be5 always m or less l ?is cold-he>t$ society2 ! natural k9dness & fell[-feel+ ( m5 h always be5 m or less repress$ by l[-m9d$ maxims & cynicism4 ,b 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 & 9 ! la/ decrepitude ( e?nic morality1 ! selfi%ness ( human int]c\rse 0 mu* great] ?an ! pres5t age c easily und]/&4 ,t sy/em ( morality1 ev5 9 ! times :5 x 0 p[]ful & 9 _m respects b5eficial1 _h made x almo/ z mu* a duty to hate =eign]s z to love fell[-citiz5s4 ,plato congratulates !1 ,a!nians on hav+ %[n 9 _! relations to ,p]sia1 beyond all ! o!r ,greeks1 a pure & he>tfelt hatr$ ( ! =eign nature4#gf ,in/ead ( oppos+1 x _h sanction$ & consecrat$ ! savage in/9ct :i* leads u to hate :atev] is /range or un9telligible1 to di/ru/ ^? :o live on ! fur!r side ( a riv]1 to suppose t ^? :om we he> talk+ toge!r 9 a =eign tongue mu/ be plott+ "s mis*ief aga9/ ourselves4 ,! lapse ( "t & ! fusion ( races d\btless dim9i%$ ?is antipa?y consid]ably1 b at ! utmo/ x c\ld b be trans=m$ into an icy indiff]5ce1 = no cause 0 9 op]ation to conv]t x into k9dness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! clos5ess ( ! bond :i* unit$ fell[-citiz5s 0 consid]ably relax$4 ,common int]e/s & common dang]s _h drawn x close2 ^! 9 ! wide security ( ! ,roman ,empire _h no long] a place4 ,x _h dep5d$ ^u an imag9$ blood-relation%ip2 fell[-citiz5s c\ld n[ no long] feel !mselves to be unit$ by ! tie ( blood4 ,e t[n 0 full ( resid5t ali5s & emancipat$ slaves1 p]sons betwe5 :om & ! citiz5s nature _h e/abli%$ no connection1 & ^: pres5ce 9 ! city _h orig9ally be5 b>ely tol]at$ f motives ( exp$i5cy4 ,! selfi%ness ( mod]n times exi/s 9 defiance ( morality1 9 anci5t times x 0 approv$1 %elt]$1 & ev5 9 "p enjo9$ by morality4 ,we are !re=e to consid] ! anci5t _w z a society ( m5 9 :om natural humanity exi/$ b _h be51 z x 71 cru/$ or fro/$ ov]4 ,invet]ate feuds & n>r[-m9d$ local jeal\sies1 aris+ out ( an isolat$ position or diff]5ces ( language & in/itutions1 _h creat$ endless divisions betwe5 man & man4 ,& z ! special virtues ( antiquity1 patriotism & all t x implies1 _h be5 9 a mann] caus$ & fo/]$ by ^! v divisions1 !y 7 n reg>d$ z evils b r *]i%$ z ess5tial to morality4 ,selfi%ness1 !re=e1 0 n a m]e abuse or corruption aris+ out ( ! infirmity ( human nature1 b a !ory & almo/ a "p ( moral philosophy4 ,humanity 0 cramp$ by a mi/ak5 prejudice1 by a p]v]se presumption ( ! intellect4 ,9 a case l ?is x 0 necess>y & prop] to prescribe humanity by direct au?oritative precept4 ,su* a precept w\ld h be5 p[]less to create ! feel+1 nor w\ld x h done mu* to protect x f be+ ov]p[]$ by ! opposite passion1 b ! opposite passion ( selfi%ness 0 at ?is p]iod ju/ifi$ by au?ority & claim$ to be on ! side ( reason & law4 ,precept is fairly mat*$ aga9/ precept1 & :at ! law ( love & ! gold5 rule did = mank9d 0 to place = ! fir/ "t ! love ( man z man di/9ctly 9 ! li/ ( virtues1 to dissipate ! exclusive prejudices ( e?nic morality1 & to give selfi%ness ! "* ( s94 ,:5 a !ory ( selfi%ness is rife 9 a :ole community1 x is a bold & haz>d\s /ep = a "p ( ! community to ab&on x4 ,= 9 ! society ( selfi% p selfi%ness is simply self-def5ce2 to r5\nce x is to evacuate "o's entr5*$ position1 to surr5d] at discretion to ! enemy4 ,if society is to dis>m1 x %\ld d s by common cons5t4 ,*ri/1 h[ev]1 ?\gh he confid5tly expect$ ultimately to ga!r all mank9d into 8 society1 did n expect to d s soon4 ,accord+ly he comm&s 8 foll[]s n to wait = ?is consummation b1 9 spite ( ! haz>d\s nature ( ! /ep1 to dis>m at once4 ,!y are s5t =? z %eep 9 ! mid/ ( wolves4 ,injuries !y are to expect1 b !y are nei!r to %un nor to retaliate !m4 ,h>mless !y are to be z doves4 ,! discipl9e ( suff]+ w wean !m m & m f self1 & make ! *annels ( humanity fre] )9 !m2 & sometimes _! pati5ce may %ame ! spoil]2 he may gr[ we>y ( rapacity :i* meets ) no resi/ance1 & be induc$ to envy ^? :o c =ego )\t reluctance t :i* he devotes e ?\ght to acquire4 ,b we %all soon be conv9c$ t ,*ri/ c\ld n design by a m]e edict1 h[ev] au?oritative1 to give ?is passion ( humanity /r5g? en\gh to make x a liv+ & infallible pr9ciple ( morality 9 e man1 :5 we consid]1 fir/1 :at an ard5t en?usiasm he dem&$ f 8 foll[]s1 & secondly1 h[ frail & t5d] a g]m ?is passion naturally is 9 human nature4 ,widely diffus$ inde$ x is1 & seldom entirely eradicat$2 b = ! mo/ "p1 at lea/ 9 ! anci5t _w1 x 0 cru%$ "u a weight ( pr$om9ant passions & int]e/s2 x _h seldom p[] en\gh to dictate any action1 b made itself felt 9 fa9t misgiv+s & rel5t+s1 :i* sometimes re/ra9$ m5 f extremes ( cruelty4 ,l ,enceladus "u ,aetna1 x lay fett]$ at ! bottom ( human nature1 n[ & !n mak+ ! mass above x quake by an uneasy *ange ( po/ure4 ,to make ?is outrag$ & enslav$ passion pr$om9ant1 to give x1 in/ead ( a veto r>ely us$1 ! :ole p[] ( gov]nm5t1 to tra9 x f a dim misgiv+ into a cle> & /rong passion1 requir$ mu* m ?an a precept4 ,! precept _h its use2 x c\ld make m5 feel x "r to be humane & desire to be s1 b x c\ld nev] inspire !m ) an en?usiasm ( humanity4 ,f :at s\rce 0 ?is inspiration to be d]iv$8 ,humanity1 we h already obs]v$1 is nei!r a love = ! :ole human race1 nor a love = ea* individual ( x1 b a love = ! race1 or = ! ideal ( man1 9 ea* individual4 ,9 o!r & less p$antic words1 he :o is truly humane consid]s e human be+ z su* int]e/+ & important1 & )\t wait+ to criticise ea* individual specim51 pays 9 advance to all alike ! tribute ( good wi%es & sympa?y4 ,n[ ?is fav\rable presumption ) reg>d to human be+s is n a causeless prepossession1 x is no idle sup]/ition ( ! m9d1 nor is x a natural in/9ct4 ,x is a feel+ f\nd$ on ! actual obs]vation & discov]y ( int]e/+ & noble qualities 9 p>ticul> human be+s1 & x is /rong or weak 9 proportion z ! p]son :o has ! feel+ has kn[n _m or few noble & amiable human be+s4 ,!re are m5 :o h1 be5 s un=tunate z to live 9 ! p]petual society ( ! mean & ! base2 !y h nev]1 except 9 a few fa9t glimpses1 se5 any?+ glori\s or good 9 human nature4 ,) ^! ! feel+ ( humanity has a p]petual /ruggle = exi/5ce1 _! m9ds t5d by a fatal gravitation to ! belief t ! happ9ess or mis]y ( su* a paltry race is :olly unimportant2 !y may arrive f9ally at a fix$ condition1 9 :i* x may be said ( !m )\t qualification1 t man delights n !m1 nor woman nei!r4 ,9 ?is f9al /age !y are m5 :o1 beyond ! r\t9e ( life1 %\ld n be tru/$1 be+ fit = treasons1 /ratagems1 & spoils4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are ^? ^: lot x has be5 f e>lie/ *ildhood to see ! fair side ( humanity1 :o h be5 surr\nd$ ) cle> & c&id c\nt5ances1 9 ! *anges ( :i* might be trac$ ! work+ ( passions /rong & simple1 ! impress ( a firm & t5d] nature1 we>+ :5 x look$ abroad ! gl[ ( sympa?y1 & :5 x look$ )9 ! bloom ( mode/y4 ,!y h se51 & n once or twice1 a man =get himself2 !y h witness$ devotion1 unselfi% sorr[1 unaffect$ delicacy1 spontane\s *>ity1 +5u\s self-reproa*2 & x may be t on see+ a human be+ surr5d] = ano!r's good n some?+ b 8 utt]mo/ all1 !y h dimly suspect$ 9 human nature a glory connect+ x ) ! div9e4 ,9 ^! ! passion ( humanity is w>m & ready to become on occasion a burn+ flame2 _! :ole m9ds are elevat$1 because !y are possess$ ) ! dignity ( t nature !y %>e1 & ( ! society 9 ! mid/ ( :i* !y move4 ,b x is n absolutely necess>y to humanity t a man %all h se5 _m m5 :om he c respect4 ,! mo/ lo/ cynic w get a new he>t by le>n+ ?or\ghly to believe 9 ! virtue ( "o man4 ,our e/imate ( human nature is 9 proportion to ! be/ specim5 ( x we h witness$4 ,?is !n x is :i* is want$ to raise ! feel+ ( humanity into an en?usiasm2 :5 ! precept ( love has be5 giv51 an image mu/ be set be=e ! eyes ( ^? :o are call$ ^u to obey x1 an ideal or type ( man :i* may be noble & amiable en\gh to raise ! :ole race & make ! meane/ memb] ( x sacr$ ) reflect$ glory4 ,did n ,*ri/ d ?is8 ,did ! comm& to love g =? to ^? :o _h nev] se5 a human be+ !y c\ld rev]e8 ,c\ld 8 foll[]s turn ^u him & say1 ,h[ c we love a creature s degrad$1 full ( vile wants & contemptible passions1 ^: little life is mo/ h>mlessly sp5t :5 x is an empty r\nd ( eat+ & sleep+2 a creature de/9$ = ! grave & = oblivion :5 8 allott$ t]m ( fretfulness & folly has expir$8 ,( ?is race ,*ri/ himself 0 a memb]1 & to ?is day is x n ! be/ answ] to all blasphem]s ( ! species1 ! be/ consolation :5 our s5se ( its degradation is ke5e/1 t a human bra9 0 beh9d 8 =ehead & a human he>t beat+ 9 8 brea/1 & t )9 ! :ole creation ( ,god no?+ m elevat$ or m attractive has yet be5 f\nd ?an he8 ,& if x be answ]$ t !re 0 9 8 nature some?+ exceptional & peculi>1 t humanity mu/ n be measur$ by ! /ature ( ,*ri/1 let u rememb] t x 0 precisely ?us t he wi%$ x to be measur$1 delight+ to call himself ! ,son ( ,man1 delight+ to call ! meane/ ( mank9d 8 bro!rs4 ,if "s human be+s are abject & contemptible1 if x be incr$ible to u t !y c h any high dignity or de/9y1 d we reg>d !m f s great a height z ,*ri/8 ,are we likely to be m pa9$ by _! faults & defici5cies ?an he 08 ,is our /&>d high] ?an 88 ,& yet he associat$ by pref]5ce ) ^! meane/ ( ! race2 no contempt = !m did he ev] express1 no suspicion t !y might be less de> ?an ! be/ & wise/ to ! common ,fa!r1 no d\bt t !y 7 naturally capable ( ris+ to a moral elevation l 8 own4 ,!re is no?+ ( :i* a man may be pr\d] ?an ( ?is2 x is ! mo/ hopeful & r$eem+ fact 9 hi/ory2 x is precisely :at 0 want+ to raise ! love ( man z man to en?usiasm4 ,an et]nal glory has be5 %$ ^u ! human race by ! love ,*ri/ bore to x4 ,& x 0 because ! ,edict ( ,univ]sal ,love w5t =? to m5 ^: he>ts 7 9 no cynical mood b possess$ ) a _s ( devotion to a man1 t words :i* at any o!r "t1 h[ev] gr&ly !y might s\nd1 w\ld h be5 b words1 p5etrat$ s deeply1 & along ) ! law ( love ! p[] ( ,jove 0 giv54 ,!re=e also ! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 enabl$ to disp5se ) philosophical phrases1 & in/ead ( say+ t !y lov$ ! ideal ( man 9 man c\ld simply say & feel t !y lov$ ,*ri/ 9 e man4 ,we h "h ! v k]nel ( ! ,*ri/ian moral s*eme4 ,we h di/9ctly be=e u ! end ,*ri/ propos$ to himself1 & ! means he consid]$ adequate to ! atta9m5t ( x4 ,8 object 01 in/ead ( draw+ up1 aft] ! example ( previ\s legislators1 a li/ ( actions prescrib$1 all[$1 & prohibit$1 to give 8 disciples a univ]sal te/ by :i* !y might discov] :at x 0 "r & :at x 0 wrong to d4 ,n[ z ! difficulty ( discov]+ :at is "r arises commonly f ! preval5ce ( self-int]e/ 9 our m9ds1 & z we commonly behave rightly to anyone = :om we feel affection or sympa?y1 ,*ri/ consid]$ t he :o c\ld feel sympa?y = all w\ld behave rightly to all4 ,b h[ to give to ! meagre & n>r[ he>ts ( m5 su* enl>gem5t8 ,h[ to make !m capable ( a univ]sal sympa?y8 ,*ri/ believ$ x possible to b9d m5 to _! k9d1 b on "o condition--t !y 7 fir/ b\nd fa/ to himself4 ,he /ood =? z ! repres5tative ( m51 he id5tifi$ himself ) ! cause & ) ! int]e/s ( all human be+s1 he 0 de/9$1 z he began be=e long obscurely to intimate1 to lay d[n 8 life = !m4 ,few ( u sympa?ise orig9ally & directly ) ?is devotion2 few ( u c p]ceive 9 human nature itself any m]it suffici5t to evoke x4 ,b x is n s h>d to love & v5]ate him :o felt x4 ,s va/ a passion ( love1 a devotion s compreh5sive1 elevat$1 delib]ate & pr(\nd1 has n else:]e be5 9 any degree approa*$ save by "s ( 8 imitators4 ,& z love provokes love1 _m h f\nd x possible to conceive = ,*ri/ an atta*m5t ! clos5ess ( :i* no words c describe1 a v5]ation s possess+ & absorb+ ! man )9 !m1 t !y h said1 ,i live no m1 b ,*ri/ lives 9 me4 ,n[ su* a feel+ c>ries ) x ( necessity ! feel+ ( love = all human be+s4 ,x matt]s no long] :at quality m5 may exhibit2 amiable or unamiable1 z ! bro!rs ( ,*ri/1 z belong+ to 8 sacr$ & consecrat$ k9d1 z ! objects ( 8 love 9 life & dea?1 !y mu/ be de> to all to :om he is de>4 ,& ^? :o w\ld = a mom5t "k 8 he>t & und]/& 8 life mu/ beg9 by ?9k+ ( ! :ole race ( man1 & ( ea* memb] ( ! race1 ) awful rev]5ce & hope4 ,love1 :]esoev] x appe>s1 is 9 its measure a law-mak+ p[]4 ,love is dutiful 9 ?\ght & de$4 ,& z ! lov] ( 8 c\ntry is free f ! temptation to treason1 s is he :o loves ,*ri/ secure f ! temptation to injure any human be+1 :e!r x be himself or ano!r4 ,he is inde$ mu* m ?an ?is4 ,he is b\nd & he is eag] to b5efit & bless to ! utmo/ ( 8 p[] all t be> 8 ,ma/]'s nature1 & t n m]ely ) ! good gifts ( ! e>?1 b ) :atev] *]i%es & tra9s be/ ! ,*ri/ )9 !m4 ,b = ! pres5t we are conc]n$ m]ely ) ! p[] ( ?is passion to lift ! man out ( s94 ,! injuries he committ$ lightly :5 he reg>d$ 8 fell[-creatures simply z animals :o add$ to ! fi]c5ess ( ! brute an +5uity & =e?\ght t made !m d\bly noxi\s1 become horrible sacrilege :5 he sees 9 !m no long] ! animal b ! ,*ri/4 ,& t o!r class ( crimes :i* belongs m especially to ages ( civilisation1 & arises out ( a cynical contempt = ! species1 is r5d]$ equally impossible to ! man :o he>s ) rev]5ce ! ann\ncem5t1 ,! good de$s y did to ! lea/ ( ^! my bre?r5 y did to me4 ,!re are two objections :i* may sugge/ !mselves at ?is po9t1 ! "o to intellectual1 ! o!r to practical m54 ,! intellectual man may say1 ,to discov] :at x is "r to d 9 any giv5 case is n ! prov9ce ( any feel+ or passion h[ev] sublime1 b requires ! application ( ! same intellectual p[] :i* solves ma!matical problems4 ,! common acts ( life may no d\bt be p]=m$ correctly by un9tellectual p1 b ?is is because ^! con/antly recurr+ problems h be5 solv$ long ago by clev] p1 & ! vulg> are n[ 9 possession ( ! results4 ,:5ev] a new comb9ation occurs x is a matt] = casui/s2 ! be/ int5tions w avail little2 !re is d\btless a great diff]5ce betwe5 a good man & a bad "o2 ! "o w d :at is "r :5 he kn[s x1 & ! o!r w n2 b 9 respect = ! p[] ( asc]ta9+ :at x is "r to d1 suppos+ _! k ( casui/ry to be equal1 !y are on a p>4 ,goodness or ! passion ( humanity1 or ,*ri/ian love1 may be a motive induc+ m5 to keep ! law1 b x has no "r to be call$ ! law-mak+ p[]4 ,& :at has ,*ri/ianity add$ to our !oretic k ( morality8 ,x may h made m5 practically m moral1 b has x add$ any?+ to ,ari/otle's ,e?ics8 ,c]ta9ly ,*ri/ianity has no ambition to invade ! prov9ces ( ! morali/ or ! casui/4 ,b ! difficulties :i* beset ! discov]y ( ! "r moral c\rse are ( two k9ds4 ,!re are ! difficulties :i* arise1 f ! bl9d+ & confus+ effect ( selfi% passions1 & :i* obscure f ! view ! end :i* %\ld be aim$ at 9 action2 :5 ^! h be5 ov]come !re arises a new set ( difficulties conc]n+ ! means by :i* ! end %\ld be atta9$4 ,9 deal+ ) y\r neighb\r ! fir/ ?+ to be und]/ood is t 8 int]e/ is to be consid]$ z well z y\r own2 b :5 ?is has be5 settl$1 x rema9s to be consid]$ :at 8 int]e/ is4 ,! latt] class ( difficulties requires to be dealt ) by ! intellectual or calculat+ faculty4 ,! =m] class c only be dealt ) by ! moral =ce ( sympa?y4 ,n[ x is true t ! "r action w n be p]=m$ )\t ! op]ation ( bo? ^! ag5cies4 ,b ! moral ag5cy is ! dom9ant "o ?r\gh\t2 x is t )\t :i* ! v conception ( law is impossible2 x ov]comes ^? difficulties :i* 9 ! va/ majority ( practical cases are ! mo/ s]i\s4 ,! calculat+ casui/ical faculty is1 z x 71 9 its employ1 & x is no m improp] to call x ! law-mak+ p[]1 al?\gh x does n ultimately decide :at action is to be p]=m$1 ?an to say t a h\se 0 built by "o :o did n ) 8 own h&s lay ! bricks & spread ! mort>4 ,! objection :i* practical m5 take is a v important "o1 z ! criticisms ( su* m5 always are1 be+ f\nd$ commonly ^u l>ge obs]vation & n p]v]t$ by !ory4 ,!y say t ! love ( ,*ri/ does n 9 practice produce ! nobl5ess & l>g5ess ( "* :i* has be5 repres5t$ z its prop] & natural result2 t in/ead ( inspir+ ^? :o feel x ) rev]5ce & hope = _! k9d1 x makes !m exce$+ly n>r[ 9 _! sympa?ies1 dispos$ to d5y & expla9 away ev5 ! mo/ manife/ virtues display$ by m51 & to despair ( ! future de/9y ( ! great majority ( _! fell[-creatures2 t in/ead ( b9d+ !m to _! k9d1 x divides !m f x by a gulf :i* !y !mselves proclaim to be impassable & et]nal1 & unites !m only 9 a gloomy conspiracy ( misan?ropy ) ea* o!r2 t x is inde$ a law-mak+ p[]1 b t ! laws x makes are little-m9d$ & vexati\s prohibitions ( ?+s innoc5t1 demoralis+ re/ra9ts ^u ! fre$om ( joy & ! heal?y in/9cts ( nature2 t x fav\rs hypocrisy1 moros5ess1 & sometimes lunacy2 t ! only vice x has p[] to *eck is ?\ghtlessness1 & its only b5eficial effect is t ( =c+ into activity1 ?\gh n always into heal?y activity1 ! faculty ( s]i\s reflection4 ,?is may be a j picture ( a l>ge class ( religi\s m51 b x is impossible 9 ! nature ( ?+s t su* effects %\ld be produc$ by a pure p]sonal devotion to ,*ri/4 ,we are to rememb] t no?+ has be5 subject$ to su* multi=m & grotesque p]v]sion z ,*ri/ianity4 ,c]ta9ly ! direct love ( ,*ri/1 z x 0 felt by its fir/ foll[]s1 is a r>e ?+ among mod]n ,*ri/ians4 ,8 "* has be5 s mu* obscur$ by s*ola/icism1 z to h lo/ 9 a great measure its attractive p[]4 ,! preval5t feel+ t[>ds him n[ among religi\s m5 is an awful fe> ( 8 sup]natural greatness1 & a disposition to obey 8 comm&s aris+ p>tly f dread ( future puni%m5t & hope ( rew>d1 & p>tly f a nobl] feel+ ( loyalty1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is inspir$ r by 8 (fice ?an 8 p]son4 ,beyond ?is we may disc]n 9 !m an uneasy conviction t he requires a m p]sonal devotion1 :i* leads to spasmodic ef=ts to k9dle ! feel+ by means ( viol5t raptures ( panegyric & by repeat+ ov] & gett+ by rote ! ard5t expressions ( ^? :o really _h x4 ,t is want+ = ! mo/ "p :i* ,*ri/ held to be all 9 all1 spontane\s w>m?1 free & g5]\s devotion4 ,t ! fruits ( a ,*ri/ianity s holl[ %\ld be poor & sickly is n surpris+4 ,b t ,*ri/'s me?od1 :5 rightly appli$1 is really ( mighty =ce may be %[n by an argum5t :i* ! sev]e/ c5sor ( ,*ri/ians w h>dly refuse to admit4 ,comp>e ! anci5t ) ! mod]n _w3 ,look on ?is picture & on t4 ,"o broad di/9ction 9 ! *>act]s ( m5 =ces itself into prom95ce4 ,among all ! m5 ( ! anci5t hea!n _w !re 7 sc>cely "o or two to :om we might v5ture to apply ! epi!t holy4 ,9 o!r words1 !re 7 n m ?an "o or two1 if any1 :o besides be+ virtu\s 9 _! actions 7 possess$ ) an unaffect$ en?usiasm ( goodness1 & besides ab/a9+ f vice reg>d$ ev5 a vici\s ?\ght ) horror4 ,probably no "o w d5y t 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries ?is high]-ton$ goodness1 :i* we call hol9ess1 has exi/$4 ,few w ma9ta9 t x has be5 exce$+ly r>e4 ,p]haps ! tru? is1 t !re has sc>cely be5 a t[n 9 any ,*ri/ian c\ntry s9ce ! "t ( ,*ri/ :]e a c5tury has pass$ )\t exhibit+ a "* ( su* elevation t 8 m]e pres5ce has %am$ ! bad & made ! good bett]1 & has be5 felt at times l ! pres5ce ( ,god ,himself4 ,& if ?is be s1 has ,*ri/ fail$8 or c ,*ri/ianity die8 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ge3 ,*apt] ,,xiv ( ,ecce ,homo1 a ,survey ( ! ,life & "w ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 #ahfe4 ,footnote #gf3 ,plato1 ,m5ex5us4--,au?or's note4 ,,loyalty ,,& ,,insight#gg ,,josiah ,,royce ,^u an occasion l ?is1 :5 ! *ildr51 ! s]vants1 & ! fri5ds ( ?is in/itution meet = _! annual fe/ival1 !re is "o ^w t be/ expresses ! _s ( ! occasion4 ,x is ! ^w loyalty1--loyalty to y\r ,college1 to its ideals1 to its life1 & to ! unity & effectiv5ess ( ?is life4 ,& among/ ! ideals t inspire ! life ( y\r ,college1 & make t life effective & unit$1 !re is "o :i* is prom95t 9 all y\r m9ds1 :atev] y\r special /udies1 y\r practical aims1 or y\r hopes4 ,x is ! ideal ( fur!r+1 9 all y\r m9ds1 :at we may call insight1--! ideal ( le>n+ to see life z x is1 to "k ! _w z we m5 ne$ to "k x1 & to guide our purposes z we ought to guide !m4 ,x is also ! ideal ( tea*+ to o!rs ! art ( j su* insight4 ,^! two words1 !n1 loyalty & insight1 "n1 "o ( !m1 ! _s 9 :i*1 ^u su* occasions z ?is1 we all meet2 ! o!r1 ! ideal t det]m9es ! /udies & ! rese>*es ( any mod]n in/itution ( le>n+4 ,^u ea* day ( its ye> ( "w y\r ,college says to its *ildr5 & to its s]vants & to its community3 ,let u "k1 let u see1 let u compreh5d1 let u guide life by wisdom1 & 9 turn let u discov] new wisdom = ! sake ( w9n+ new life4 ,b ^u a day l ! pres5t "o1 ! "w ( ! ye> be+ laid aside1 y\r ,college asks & receives y\r unit$ expression ( loyalty to its cause4 ,p]haps "s ( y may feel t = j ?is mom5t y h left beh9d1 at lea/ tempor>ily1 ! task ( w9n+ insight4 ,y enjoy1 = ! h\r1 ! fruits ( toil4 ,/udy & rese>* cease1 y may say1 = to-day1 :ile ! _s ( loyalty f9ds its own free expression & takes cont5t 9 its holiday4 ,i agree t ! holidays & ! work+ days h a diff]5t place 9 our lives4 ,b x is my purpose 9 ?is address to say some?+ ab\t ! connections betwe5 ! _s :i* rules ?is occasion--! _s ( loyalty--& ! ideal by :i* ! ye>'s "w has to be guid$1--! ideal ( fur!r+ true insight4 ,! loyalty t n[ fills y\r m9ds is m]ely "o expression ( a c]ta9 _s :i* ought to p]vade all our lives--n only 9 our /udies1 b 9 our homes1 9 our (fices1 9 our political & civic life--n m]ely ^u holidays1 or ^u o!r great occasions1 b ^u our work+ days2 & mo/ ( all :5 our tasks seem commonplace & heavy4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 ! insight :i* y seek to get :5ev]1 9 ! academic _w1 y "w 9 ! laboratory or 9 ! field1 9 ! libr>y or 9 ! classroom or alone 9 y\r /udy1 ! insight t y try bo? to embody 9 y\r practical life & to enri* ?r\gh y\r rese>*es1--j ?is insight1 ,i say1 is be/ to be fur!r$ by a "r cultivation ( ! _s ( loyalty4 ,i suppose t :5 ,i utt] ^! words1 y w easily give to !m a c]ta9 g5]al ass5t4 ,b ,i want to devote ?is address to mak+ j su* words mean m to y ?an at fir/ !y may appe> to mean4 ,fir/1 !n1 let me tell y :at ,i myself mean by ! t]m loyalty4 ,!n let me deal ) my pr9cipal !sis1 :i* is t ! true _s ( loyalty is n m]ely a prop] accompanim5t ( all s]i\s "w1 b is an especially important s\rce ( a v deep insight into ! mean+ ( life1 &1 z ,i p]sonally believe1 into ! nature ( ! :ole univ]se4 ,?ree sorts ( p]sons1 ,i h notic$1 are fond ( us+ ! t]m loyalty4 ,^! are q diff]5t types ( p]sons2 or1 9 any case1 !y use ! ^w ^u v diff]5t occasions4 ,b ^! v diff]5ces are to my m9d important4 ,! fir/ type ( ^? :o love to use ! t]m loyalty consi/s ( ^? :o employ x to express a c]ta9 gl[ ( en?usia/ic devotion1 ! type ( ! lov]s1 ( ! /ud5ts :5 ! a?letic conte/s are ne>1 ( ! p>tisans 9 ! heat ( a political conte/1 or ( ! fri5ds ( an in/itution ^u a day l ?is4 ,to su* p]sons1 or at lea/ at su* mom5ts1 loyalty is conceiv$ z some?+ brilliantly emotional1 z a passion ( devotion4 ,! second class ( ^? :o are fond ( ! ^w loyalty are ! w>riors & _! admir]s4 ,to su* p]sons loyalty means a will+ness to d dang]\s s]vice1 to sacrifice life1 to toil long & h>d = ! flag t "o foll[s4 ,b = a ?ird type ( ^? :o employ ! ^w1 loyalty especially means /eady1 (t5 unobtrusive1 fidelity to m or less =mal obligations1 su* z ! bus9ess _w & ! work%op impose ^u u4 ,su* p]sons ?9k ( loyalty z1 fir/ ( all1 fai?fulness 9 obey+ ! law ( ! l&1 or 9 execut+ ! plans ( "o's (ficial sup]iors1 or 9 s]v+ "o's employ] or "o's cli5t or "o's *ief1 or "o's frat]nity or o!r social union4 ,9 ?is s5se ! loyal s]vant may be obscure & unemotional4 ,b he is tru/wor?y4 ,n[1 a ^w :i* ?us s =cibly appeals to ! lov]s :o want to express _! passionate devotion1 & also to ! soldi]s :o want to "n t ob/9ate foll[+ ( ! flag :i* makes victory possible2 a ^w :i* bus9ess m5 also sometimes use to *>act]ize ! quietly & indu/ri\sly fai?ful employee :o obeys ord]s1 :o betrays no secrets1 & :o reg>ds ! firm's int]e/ z 8 own2--well1 su* a ^w1 ,i ?9k1 is n z mu* ambigu\s z deep 9 its mean+4 ,=1 aft] all1 loyal emotions1 loyal sacrifice ( life1 loyal /ead9ess 9 obscure s]vice1 are b v>i\s symptoms ( a c]ta9 _s :i* lies b5ea? all its v>i\s expressions4 ,?is _s is a well-kn[n "o4 ,all ! high] life ( society dep5ds ^u x4 ,x may manife/ itself z en?usiasm ^u an occasion l ?is1 or z contempt = dea? ^u ! battle field1 or z quiet s]vice :5 ! toil ( life is grim1 or z ! cool fidelity t pursues ! daily r\t9e ( (fice or ( work%op or ( kit*5 ) a /eady p]si/5ce & ) a simple acceptance ( traditional duties or ( ! day's toil4 ,b ! _s ?us manife/$ is n exhau/$ by any ( its symptoms4 ,! appe>ances ( loyalty are manifold4 ,its mean+ is "o4 ,& ,i myself v5ture to /ate :at ! true _s ( loyalty is by def9+ ! t]m ?us3 ,by loyalty ,i mean ! ?or\gh-go+1 ! volunt>y1 & ! practical devotion ( a self to a cause4 ,& by a cause ,i mean some?+ ( ! nature t ! true lov] has 9 m9d :5 he is wisely devot$ to 8 love2 t ! fai?ful memb] ( a family s]ves :5 ! family itself is ! cause de> to him2 t ! memb] ( a frat]nity1 or ! *ild ( a college1 or ! devot$ pr(essional man1 or ! patriot1 or ! m>tyr1 or ! fai?ful workman conceives :5 he ?9ks ( t to :i* he gives 8 life4 ,z all ^! illu/rations sugge/1 ! cause to :i* "o c be loyal is nev] a m]e collection ( individuals2 nor is x ev] a m]e ab/ract pr9ciple4 ,?is cause1 :e!r 9 ! *ur* or ! army or ! work%op1 9 ! home or 9 ! fri5d%ip1 is "s sort ( unity :]eby _m p]sons are jo9$ 9 "o common life4 ,! cause to :i* a loyal man is devot$ is ( ! nature ( an in/itution1 or ( a home life1 or ( a frat]nity1 :]e9 two or m p]sons aim to become "o2 or ( a religion1 :]e9 ! unity ( ! _s is s\ght ?r\gh ! communion ( ! fai?ful4 ,loyalty respects individuals1 b aims to br+ !m toge!r into "o common life4 ,its comm& to ! loyal is3 ,be '"o undivid$ s\l ( _m a s\l'4 ,x recognizes t1 :5 ap>t1 individuals fail2 b t :5 !y try to unite _! lives into "o common high] selfhood1 to live z if !y 7 ! expressions1 ! in/rum5ts1 ! organs ( "o ideally beautiful social gr\p1 !y w9 ! only possible fulfillm5t ( ! mean+ ( human exi/5ce4 ,?r\gh loyalty to su* a cause1 ?r\gh devotion to an ideally unit$ social gr\p1 & only ?r\gh su* loyalty1 c ! problems ( human p]sonality be solv$4 ,by nature1 & ap>t f "s cause to :i* we are loyal1 ea* ( u is b a mass ( caprices1 a *aos ( di/ract+ passions1 a long+ = happ9ess t is nev] fulfill$1 a seek+ = success :i* nev] atta9s its goal4 ,mean:ile1 no m]ely cu/om>y morality ev] adequately guides our lives4 ,m]e social au?ority nev] meets our ne$s4 ,b a cause1 "s unity ( _m lives 9 "o1 "s call ^u ! individual to give himself ov] to ! s]vice ( an idealiz$ community--?is gives s5se to life4 ,?is1 :5 we feel its pres5ce1 z we d ^u ?is occasion1 we love1 z ! lov]s love ! common life ( fri5d%ip t is to make !m "o1 or z ! mo!rs delight 9 ! life t is to unite !mselves & _! *ildr5 9 ! family1 or z ! dev\t feel t ?r\gh _! communion 9 ! life ( _! *ur* !y become "o ) ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,= su* a cause we c make sacrifices1 su* z ! soldi] makes 9 foll[+ ! flag4 ,= :at is ! =tune ( any deta*$ self z comp>$ ) ! "o cause ( ! :ole c\ntry8 ,& j su* a volunt>y devotion to a cause c ennoble ! r\t9e ( ! humble/ daily bus9ess1 9 ! (fice1 9 ! h\sehold1 9 ! s*ool1 at ! desk1 or 9 ! m>ket place1 if "o only f9ds ! cause t c hold 8 devotion--be ?is cause 8 bus9ess firm or 8 pr(ession or 8 h\sehold or 8 c\ntry or 8 *ur*1 or all ^! at once4 ,= all ^! causes h _! value 9 ?is3 t ?r\gh ! bus9ess firm1 or ! h\sehold1 or ! pr(ession1 or ! spiritual community1 ! lives ( _m human selves are wov5 into "o1 s t our =tunes & int]e/s are no long] conceiv$ z deta*$ & private1 b z a giv+ ( ourselves 9 ord] t ! social gr\p to :i* we are devot$ %\ld live its own unit$ life4 ,) ?is b>e indication ( :at ,i mean by loyalty1 ,i may n[ say t ( late ye>s ,i h attempt$ to %[ 9 detail1 9 v>i\s discussions ( our topic1 t ! _s ( loyalty1 rightly und]/ood1 & practically appli$1 furni%es an adequate solution = all ! problems ( ! moral life4 ,! :ole moral law c be summ$ up 9 ! two comm&m5ts3 fir/1 ,be loyal2 & secondly1 ,s *oose1 s s]ve1 & s unify ! life causes to :i* y y\rself are loyal t1 ?r\gh y\r *oice1 ?r\gh y\r s]vice1 ?r\gh y\r example1 & ?r\gh y\r deal+s ) all m51 y may1 z f> z 9 y lies1 help o!r p to be loyal to _! own causes2 may avoid *eat+ !m ( _! opportunities = loyalty2 may inspire !m ) _! own be/ type ( loyalty1 & may s be/ s]ve ! "o great cause ( ! spread ( loyalty among mank9d4 ,or1 if ,i may borr[ & adapt = a wor?y end ,l9coln's immortal words1 ! moral law is ?is3 ,let u s live1 s love1 & s s]ve1 t loyalty ( ! p1 by ! p1 = ! p1 %all n p]i% f ! e>?1 b %all prosp] & ab\nd4 ,! s*eme ( life ?us sugge/$ is1 ,i believe1 adequate4 ,i next want to tell :at be>+ ! _s ( loyalty has ^u insight4 ,! insight t all ( u mo/ ne$ & desire is an insight1 fir/1 into ! bus9ess ( life itself1 & next into ! nature & mean+ ( ! real _w 9 :i* we live4 ,our =efa!rs us$ to c5t] all _! views ( life & ( ! _w ab\t _! religion4 ,_m ( ! lead+ m9ds ( to-day c5t] _! mod]n insight ab\t ! results ( sci5ce4 ,9 consequ5ce1 :at ,i may call ! g5]al problems ( insight1 & ! views ( life & ( ! _w :i* mo/ ( u get f our /udies1 h come ( late to appe> v diff]5t f ! views & ! problems :i* our own lead+ c\ntrym5 a c5tury ago reg>d$ z mo/ important4 ,! result is t ! great problem ( ! philosophy ( life to-day may be def9$ z ! ef=t to see :e!r1 & h[1 y c cl+ to a g5u9ely ideal & spiritual int]pretation ( y\r own nature & ( y\r duty1 :ile ab&on+ sup]/ition1 & :ile keep+ 9 close t\* ) ! results ( mod]n k ab\t man & nature4 ,let me briefly indicate :at ,i mean by ?is problem ( a mod]n philosophy ( life4 ,f ! mod]n po9t ( view great /ress has be5 laid ^u ! fact t man1 z we "k man1 appe>s to be subject to ! laws ( ! natural _w4 ,mod]n k makes ^! laws appe> v f>-rea*+1 v rigid1 & v mu* ( ! type t we call me*anical4 ,we h1 !re=e1 mo/ ( u1 le>n$ n to expect miracul\s int]f]5ces ) ! c\rse ( nature z aids 9 our human conflict ) de/9y4 ,we h be5 taught to reg>d ourselves z ! products ( a long process ( natural evolution4 ,we h come to ?9k t man's control ov] nature has to take ! g5]al =m :i* our indu/rial arts illu/rate1 & :i* our rec5t conte/s ) disease1 su* z ! w>s ) tub]culosis & ) yell[ fev]1 exemplify4 ,man1 we h be5 l$ to say1 w9s 8 way only by /udy+ nature & by apply+ 8 c>efully won empirical k to ! guidance ( 8 arts4 ,! bus9ess ( life--s we h be5 mov$ to ass]t--mu/ !re=e be guid$ simply by an union ( pla9 common s5se ) ! sci5tific /udy ( nature4 ,! real _w1 we h be5 dispos$ to say1 is1 on ! :ole1 s f> z we c "k x1 a me*anism4 ,!re=e ! be/ ideal ( life involves simply ! m or less complete control ( ?is me*anism = useful & humane ends4 ,su*1 ,i say1 is "o v commonly accept$ result to :i* mod]n k seems to h l$ m54 ,! practical view ( life & ( its bus9ess :i* expresses ?is result has be51 = _m ( u1 tw(old4 ,fir/1 we h be5 l$ to ?is well-kn[n precept3 ,if y want to live wisely1 y mu/1 at all ev5ts1 avoid sup]/ition4 ,t is1 y mu/ n try to guide human life by deal+ ) su* sup]natural p[]s1 good & evil1 z ! my?ologies ( ! pa/ us$ to view z ! controll+ =ces ( human de/9y4 ,y mu/ take natural laws z y f9d !m4 ,y mu/ believe ab\t ! real _w simply :at y c confirm by ! v]dict ( human exp]i5ce4 ,y mu/ put no false hopes ei!r 9 magic arts or 9 useless appeals to ! gods4 ,y mu/1 = in/ance1 fight tub]culosis n by pray]1 b by kn[+ ! conditions t produce x & ! natural processes t t5d to de/roy its g]ms4 ,& s1 9 g5]al1 9 ord] to live well & wisely y mu/ be a naturali/ & n a sup]naturali/4 ,or 9 any case y mu/ con=m y\r common s5se n to ! imag9ation t 9 ! pa/ peopl$ ! dream _w ( humanity ) good & evil spirits1 b to ! c>efully won insight t has %[n u t our _w is "o :]e natural law reigns unyield+1 defy+ equally our magic arts & our pray]ful desires = div9e aid4 ,b secondly1 side by side ) ?is decid$ly positive advice1 _m ( u h be5 br\ght to accept a practical attitude t[>ds ! _w :i* has seem$ to u negative & disc\rag+4 ,?is second attitude may be express$ 9 ! sad precept3 ,hope n to f9d ?is _w 9 any univ]sal s5se a _w ( ideal values4 ,nature is indiff]5t to values4 ,values are human1 & m]ely human4 ,man c inde$ give to 8 own life mu* ( :at he calls value1 if he uses 8 natural k = human ends4 ,b :5 he sets out ^u ?is task1 he ought to "k t1 h[ev] sweet & ideal human companion%ip may be z x exi/s among m51 humanity z a :ole mu/ fight its battle ) nature & ) ! univ]se sub/antially alone1 com=tless except = ! com=ts t x w9s precisely z x builds its h\ses2 namely1 by us+ ! me*anisms ( nature = its own purposes4 ,! _w happ5s1 inde$1 to give man "s p[] to control natural conditions4 ,b ev5 ?is p[] is due to ! v fact t man also is "o ( nature's products1--a product possess+ a c]ta9 /ability1 a c]ta9 natural pla/icity & docility1 a limit$ range ( natural initiative4 ,z a rock may deflect a /ream1 s man1 himself a natural me*anism1 may turn ! /ream ( nature's en]gies into pa?s t are tempor>ily useful = human purposes4 ,b f ! mod]n po9t ( view ! anci5t pla9t ( ! ,book ( ,job rema9s true1 bo? = ! rock & = ! man3 ,! wat]s we> away /ones1 ,& ! hope ( frail man ?\ de/roye/4 ,9 ! end1 our relations to ! univ]se ?us seem to rema9 relations to an ess5tially =eign p[]1 :i* c>es = our ideals z ! /ormy sea c>es = ! boat1 & z ! bact]ia c>e = ! human organism ^u :i* !y prey4 ,if we ourselves1 z products ( nature1 are suffici5tly /rong me*anisms1 we may be able to w91 :ile life la/s1 _m ideal goods4 ,b j s1 if ! boat is well en\gh built1 x may wea!r "o or ano!r pass+ /orm4 ,if ! body is well knit1 x may long rema9 immune to disease4 ,yet 9 ! end ! boat & ! human body fail4 ,& 9 no case1 s ?is view ass]ts1 does ! real _w ess5tially c>e = or help or enc\rage our ideals4 ,our ideals are z =eign to ! real natural _w z ! int]e/s ( ! %ip's company are to ! ocean t may tol]ate1 b also may dr[n !m4 ,be free f sup]/ition1 !n2 & next3 avoid false hopes4 ,su* are ! two !ses t seem to embody = _m m9ds ! ess5tially mod]n view ( ?+s & ! ess5tial result = ! philosophy ( life ( :at we h n[ le>n$4 ,b h]eupon ! "q arises :e!r ?is is inde$ ! la/ ^w ( insight2 :e!r ?is outcome ( mod]n k does inde$ tell ! :ole /ory ( our relations to ! real _w4 ,t ?is mod]n view has its own %>e ( deep] tru? we all recognize4 ,b is ?is ! :ole tru?8 ,h we no access :atev] to any o!r aspect ( reality ?an ! "o :i* ?is naturali/ic view emphasizes8 ,& aga91 ! "q /ill arises3 ,is !re any place left = a religion t c be free f sup]/ition1 t c accept j s mu* ( ! =ego+ mod]n results z are inde$ e/abli%$1 & t c yet supplem5t !m by an insight :i* may %[ ! univ]se to be1 aft] all1 some?+ m ?an a me*anism8 ,9 sum1 are we m]ely /ones t deflect ! /ream = a :ile1 until ! wat]s we> !m away8 ,or are !re spiritual hopes ( humanity :i* ! me*anism ( nature _c de/roy8 ,is ! philosophy ( life capable ( giv+ u some?+ m ?an a naturalism--humaniz$ m]ely by ! ?\ght t man1 be+1 aft] all1 a well-knit & pla/ic me*anism1 c = a "t mold nature to 8 ends8 ,s mu* = ! great problem ( mod]n insight4 ,let u turn to consid] ! relation ( ! _s ( loyalty to ?is problem4 ,:at light c a /udy ( ! _s ( loyalty1 z ,i j def9$ loyalty--:at light1 ,i say1 c su* a /udy ?r[ ^u ?is problem8 ,v little--s "s ( y may say2 = any discussion ( ! _s ( loyalty c tell u no?+ to make nature's me*anism m compreh5sible4 ,"o :o favors loyalty z a way ( solv+ life's problems tells u ab\t a c]ta9 ideal ( human life1--an ideal :i*1 z ,i h ass]t$1 does t5d to solve our p]sonal moral problems precisely 9 s f> z we are able to express ?is ideal 9 our practical lives4 ,9 ord] to be loyal y inde$ h no ne$ to believe 9 any ( ! well-kn[n miracles ( popul> tradition4 ,& equally1 9 ord] to be loyal1 y h no ne$1 fir/1 to decide :e!r nature is or is n a me*anism2 or :e!r ! mod]n view ( reality1 z j summ>iz$1 is or is n adequate2 or :e!r ! gods exi/2 or :e!r man is or is n "o ( nature's products & tempor>ily well-knit & pla/ic ma*9es4 ,our doctr9e ( loyalty is f\nd$ n ^u a decision ab\t nature's suppos$ me*anism1 b ^u a /udy ( man's own inn] & deep] ne$s4 ,x is a doctr9e ab\t ! plan & ! bus9ess ( human life4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 to be neutral z to e s-call$ conflict betwe5 sci5ce & religion4 ,b n[1 9 answ] to ^! rem>ks1 ,i h to %[ t ! doctr9e ( loyalty1 once rightly und]/ood1 has yet a fur!r application4 ,x is a doctr9e t1 :5 m fully int]pret$1 helps u t[>d a g5u9e insight1 n only into ! plan ( life1 b into ! nature ( ?+s4 ,! philosophy ( loyalty has no?+ to say aga9/ precisely s mu* ( naturalism z is inde$ an e/abli%$ result ( common s5se & ( ! sci5tific /udy ( nature4 ,! !ory ( ! loyal life involves no?+ sup]/iti\s--no tru/ 9 magic1 no lean+ ^u ! int]v5tion ( su* spiritual ag5cies z ! old my?ologies conceiv$4 ,& yet1 z ,i %all insi/1 nobody c und]/& & practise ! loyal _s )\t t5d+ !reby to get a true view ( ! nature ( ?+s1 a g5u9e t\* ) reality1 :i* _c be ga9$ )\t see+ t1 h[ev] mu* ( a me*anism nature may appe> to be1 ! real _w is some?+ mu* m ?an a me*anism1 & mu* m significant ?an are ! wat]s :i* we> away /ones4 ,let me indicate :at ,i mean by repeat+ 9 brief my doctr9e ( loyalty--) ref]5ce to ! _s :i* x involves1 & ) ref]5ce to ! view ( ! realities ( human life :i* x inevitably includes4 ,:oev] is loyal has f\nd "s cause1 ,i h said1--a cause to :i*1 by 8 inn] int]e/s1 he is inde$ attract$ s t ! cause is fasc9at+ to 8 s5tim5ts4 ,b ! cause is also "o to :i* ! loyal man is mean:ile practically & volunt>ily devot$1 s t 8 loyalty is no m]e gl[ ( en?usiasm1 b is an affair ( 8 de$s z well z ( 8 emotions4 ,loyalty ,i !re=e def9$ z ! ?or\gh-go+ & practical devotion ( a self to a cause4 ,:y loyalty is a duty2 h[ loyalty is possible = e normal human be+2 h[ x c appe> e>ly 9 y\?1 & !n gr[ ?\gh life2 h[ x c be at once fai?ful to its own1 & yet c con/antly enl>ge its scope2 h[ x c become univ]sally human 9 its int]e/s )\t los+ its concret5ess1 & )\t fail+ to keep 9 t\* ) ! p]sonal affections & ! private conc]ns ( ! loyal p]son2 h[ loyalty is a virtue = all m51 h[ev] humble & h[ev] exalt$ !y may be2 h[ ! loyal s]vice ( ! tasks ( a s+le possibly n>r[ life c be view$ z a s]vice ( ! cause ( univ]sal loyalty1 & s ( ! int]e/s ( all humanity2 h[ all special duties ( life c be /at$ 9 t]ms ( a duly g5]aliz$ _s ( loyalty2 & h[ moral conflicts c be solv$1 & moral divisions made1 9 ! light ( ! pr9ciple ( loyalty2 all ?is ,i h ass]t$1 al?\gh "h is inde$ no "t = adequate discussion4 ,b h]eupon ,i want to conc5trate our :ole att5tion1 n ^u ! consequ5ces & applications ( ! doctr9e ( loyalty1 b ^u ! mo/ c5tral *>act]i/ic ( ! loyal _s4 ,?is c5tral *>act]i/ic ( ! loyal _s consi/s 9 ! fact t x conceives & values its cause z a reality1 z an object t has a be+ ( its own2 :ile ! type ( reality :i* belongs to a cause is diff]5t f ! type ( reality :i* we ascribe ei!r to a ?+ 9 ! physical _w or to a law ( nature4 ,a cause is nev] a m]e me*anism4 ,x is an ess5tially spiritual reality4 ,if ! loyal human be+ is "r 9 ! acc\nt :i* he gives ( 8 cause1 !n ! real _w conta9s be+s :i* are n m]e natural objects1 & is subject to laws :i*1 )\t 9 ! lea/ runn+ c\nt] to ! laws ( out] nature1 are ! laws ( an ess5tially spiritual realm1 ^: type ( be+ is sup]ior to t possess$ by ! ord] ( nature :i* our indu/rial arts use4 ,ei!r1 !n1 loyalty is altoge!r a s]vice ( my?s1 or else ! causes :i* ! loyal s]ve belong to a realm ( real be+ :i* is above ! level ( m]e natural fact & natural law4 ,9 ! latt] case ! real _w is n indiff]5t to our human se>* = values4 ,! mod]n naturali/ic & me*anical views ( reality are n1 inde$1 false )9 _! own prop] range1 b !y are inadequate to tell u ! :ole tru?4 ,& reality conta9s1 fur!r1 & is *>act]iz$ by1 an ess5tially spiritual ord] ( be+4 ,i h be5 speak+ to p]sons :o1 z ,i h tru/$1 well "k1 s f> z !y h yet _h "t to le>n ! lessons ( life1 some?+ ( :at loyalty means4 ,come1 !n1 let u consid] :at is ! sort ( object t y h pres5t to y\r m9d :5 y are loyal to a cause4 ,if y\r cause is a reality1 :at k9d ( a be+ is x8 ,if causes are realities1 !n 9 :at sort ( a real _w d y live8 ,i h already indicat$ t1 :ile loyalty always includes p]sonal affections1 :ile y c nev] be loyal to :at y take to be a m]ely ab/ract pr9ciple1 nev]!less1 x is equally true t y c nev] be g5u9ely loyal m]ely to an individual human be+1 tak5 j z ?is deta*$ creature4 ,y c1 inde$1 love y\r fri5d1 view$ j z ?is individual4 ,b love = an individual is s f> j a fondness = a fasc9at+ human pres5ce1 & is ess5tially caprici\s1 :e!r x la/s or is transi5t4 ,y c be1 & %\ld be1 loyal to y\r fri5d%ip1 to ! union ( y\rself & y\r fri5d1 to t ideal comrade%ip :i* is nei!r ( y alone1 & :i* is n ! m]e d\bl5ess t consi/s ( y & y\r fri5d tak5 z two deta*$ be+s :o happ5 to f9d "o ano!r's pres5ce agreeable4 ,loyalty to a fri5d%ip involves y\r will+ness actively & practically to create & ma9ta9 a life :i* is to be ! unit$ life ( y\rself & y\r fri5d--n ! life ( y\r fri5d alone1 nor ! life ( y\rself & y\r fri5d z y exi/ ap>t1 b ! common life1 ! life above & inclusive ( y\r di/9ctions1 ! "o life t y are to live z fri5ds4 ,to ! tie1 to ! unity1 to ! common life1 to ! union ( fri5ds1 y c be loyal4 ,)\t su* loyalty fri5d%ip consi/s only ( its r\t9e ( m or less attractive private s5tim5ts & m]e meet+s1 ea* "o ( :i* is "o m *ance exp]i5ce1 heap$ toge!r ) o!r *ance exp]i5ces4 ,b ) su* true loyalty y\r fri5d%ip becomes1 at lea/ 9 ideal1 a new life--a life t nei!r ( y c\ld h alone2 a life t is n a m]e r\nd ( sep>ate private amusem5ts1 b t belongs to a new type ( dual yet unifi$ p]sonality4 ,nor are y loyal to y\r fri5d%ip m]ely z to an ab/raction4 ,y are loyal to x z to ! common bett] self ( bo? ( y1 a self t lives its own real life4 ,ei!r su* a loyalty to y\r fri5d%ip is a belief 9 my?s1 or else su* a type ( high] & unifi$ dual p]sonality actually possesses a reality ( its own1--a reality t y _c adequately describe by report+1 z to ! tak] ( a c5sus1 t y & y\r fri5d are two creatures1 ) two di/9ct cases ( a c]ta9 sort ( fondness to be not$ d[n1 & ) ea* a sep>ate life into :i*1 z an incid5t1 "s su* fondness ent]s4 ,no2 7 a c5sus ( true fri5d%ip possible1 ! c5sus tak] %\ld be requir$ to report3 ,"h are inde$ two fri5ds2 b "h is also ! ideal & yet1 9 "s high] s5se1 real life ( _! unit$ p]sonality pres5t1--a life :i* belongs to nei!r ( !m alone1 & :i* also does n exi/ m]ely z a p>cel ( fragm5ts1 p>tly 9 "o1 p>tly 9 ! o!r ( !m4 ,x is ! life ( _! common p]sonality4 ,x is a new spiritual p]son on a high] level4 ,or aga91 y are loyal to "s su* union z a family or a frat]nity repres5ts4 ,or y are loyal to y\r class1 y\r college1 y\r community1 y\r c\ntry1 y\r *ur*4 ,9 all ^! cases1 ) endless v>iety 9 ! details1 y\r loyalty has = its object ea* "t1 n m]ely a gr\p ( deta*$ p]sonalities1 b "s ideally significant common life2 an union ( _m 9 "o2 a community :i* also has ! value ( a p]son1 & :i*1 nev]!less1 _c be f\nd di/ribut$ ab\t 9 a collection ( fragm5ts f\nd inside ! deta*$ lives ( ! individual memb]s ( ! family1 ! club1 ! class1 ! college1 ! c\ntry1 ! *ur*4 ,if ?is common life to :i* y are loyal is a reality1 !n ! real human _w does n consi/ ( sep>ate creatures alone1 ( ! m]e p]sons :o flock 9 ! /reets & :o live 9 ! diff]5t h\ses4 ,! human _w1 if ! loyal are "r1 conta9s p]sonality t is n m]ely %ut up )9 ! sk91 n[ ( ?is1 n[ ( t1 human creature4 ,x conta9s p]sonalities t no organism conf9es )9 its b\nds2 t no s+le life1 t no cr[d ( deta*$ lives1 comprises4 ,yet ?is high] sort ( common p]sonality1 if ! loyal are "r1 is z real z we sep>ate creatures are real4 ,x is no ab/raction4 ,x lives4 ,x loves1 & we love x4 ,we ent] into x4 ,x is ours1 & we belong to x4 ,x works ?r\gh u1 ! fell[ s]vants ( ! common cause4 ,yet we get our wor? ?r\gh x1--! goal ( our :ole moral endeavor4 ,= ^? :o are n m]ely loyal1 b also enlight5$1 loyalty1 nev] los+ ! def9it5ess & ! concret5ess ( its devotion to "s ne> & directly fasc9at+ cause1 sees itself to be 9 actual spiritual unity ) ! common cause ( all ! loyal1 :oev] !y are4 ,! great cause = all ! loyal is 9 reality ! cause ( ! spread & ! fur!rance ( ! cause ( ! univ]sal loyalty ( all mank9d3 a cause :i* nobody c s]ve except by *oos+ 8 own ne>] & m appreciat$ cause--! private cause :i* is directly 8 own--8 family1 8 community1 8 fri5d%ip1 8 call+1 & ! call+ ( ^? :o s]ve ) him4 ,yet su* p]sonal s]vice--y\r special life cause1 y\r task1 y\r vocation--is y\r way ( fur!r+ ! ends ( univ]sal humanity4 ,& if y are enlight5$1 y "k ?is fact4 ,?r\gh y\r loyalty y1 !n1 "k y\rself to be k9 to all ! loyal4 ,y h]eupon conceive ! loyal z "o bro!rhood1 "o invisible *ur* = :i* & 9 :i* y live4 ,! _s dwells 9 ?is invisible *ur*1--! holy _s t wills ! unity ( all 9 fidelity & 9 s]vice4 ,hidd5 f y by all ! natural e/rangem5ts ( ! pres5t life1 ?is common life ( all ! loyal1 ?is cause :i* is ! "o cause ( all ! loyal1 is t = :i* y live4 ,9 _s y are really sund]$ f none ( ^? :o !mselves live 9 ! _s4 ,all ?is1 ,i say1 is :at x is ! fai? ( all ! loyal to reg>d z ! real life 9 :i* we live & move & h our be+1 precisely 9 s f> z m5 come to und]/& :at loyalty is4 ,?us1 !n1 9 g5]al1 to be loyal is to believe t !re are real causes4 ,& to be univ]sally loyal is to believe t ! "o cause ( loyalty itself1 ! invisible *ur* ( all ! loyal1 is a reality2 some?+ z real z we are4 ,b causes are nev] deta*$ human be+s2 nor are causes ev] m]e cr[ds1 heaps1 collections1 aggregations ( human be+s4 ,causes are at once p]sonal 7if by p]son y mean ! ord9>y human individual 9 8 natural "*7 & sup]-p]sonal4 ,p]sons !y are1 because only :]e p]sons are f\nd c causes be def9$4 ,sup]-p]sonal !y are1 because no m]e individual human creature1 & no m]e pairs or gr\ps or ?rongs ( human be+s1 c ev] con/itute unifi$ causes4 ,y _c be loyal to a cr[d z a cr[d4 ,a cr[d c %\t1 z at a game or a political conv5tion4 ,b only "s sort ( organiz$ unity ( social life c ei!r d ! "w ( an unit or hold ! effective loyalty ( ! enlight5$ work] :o does n m]ely %\t ) ! ?rong4 ,& s :5 y are really loyal to y\r c\ntry1 y\r c\ntry does n mean to y m]ely ! cr[d1 ! mass ( y\r sep>ate fell[ citiz5s4 ,/ill less does x mean ! m]e organs1 or ! sep>ate s]vants ( ! c\ntry1--! cu/om h\se1 ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se1 or any o!r (fice or (ficial4 ,:5 y s+ ,my c\ntry1 'tis ( !e1 y d n mean1 ,my po/-(fice1 'tis ( !e1 nor yet1 ,my fell[ citiz5s1 'tis ( y1 j z ! creatures :o cr[d ! /reet & :o ov]fill ! railway c>s1 t ,i s+4 ,if ! poet cont9ues 9 8 own song to celebrate ! l&1 ! rocks & rills1 ! woods & templ$ hills1 he is /ill speak+ only ( symbols4 ,:at he means is ! c\ntry z an invisible b1 9 8 op9ion1 p]fectly real spiritual unity4 ,g5]al ,nogi1 9 a rec5t ,japanese publication ab\t ,bu%ido1 express$ 8 own national ideal beautifully 9 ! words3 ,"h ! sov]eign & ! p are ( "o family & h toge!r endur$ ! joys & sorr[s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,x is t sort ( be+ :]e( "o speaks :5 "o expresses true loyalty to ! c\ntry4 ,! c\ntry is ! spiritual entity t is none ( u & all ( u--none ( u because x is our unity2 all ( u because 9 x we all f9d our patriotic unity4 ,su*1 !n1 is ! idea t ! loyal h ( ! real nature ( ! causes :i* !y s]ve4 ,i repeat1 ,if ! loyal are "r1 !n ! real _w conta9s o!r be+s ?an me*anisms & individual human & animal m9ds4 ,x conta9s spiritual unities :i* are z real z we are1 b :i* c]ta9ly d n belong to ! realm ( a m]e nature me*anism4 ,does n all ?is put ! problems ( our philosophy ( life 9 a new light8 ,b ,i h no d\bt t y may at once reply3 ,all ?is spee* ab\t causes is aft] all m]ely m or less pleas+ metaphor4 ,z a fact1 human be+s are j individual natural creatures4 ,!y ?rong & /ruggle = exi/5ce1 & love & hate & enjoy & sorr[ & die4 ,^! causes are1 aft] all1 m]e dreams1 or at be/ entities z we h j describ$4 ,! fri5ds l to talk ( be+ "o2 b !re are always two or m ( !m1 & ! unity is a pretty phrase4 ,! c\ntry is1 9 ! concrete1 ! collection ( ! c\ntrym51 ) names1 =mulas1 songs1 & s on1 atta*$1 by way ( poetical lic5se or ( conv5i5t abbreviation or ( pretty fable4 ,! poet really meant simply t he 0 fond ( ! l&scape1 & 0 n :olly av]se to a good _m ( 8 c\ntrym51 & 0 9 any case fond ( a good song4 ,loyalty1 l ! re/ ( human life1 is an illusion4 ,nature is real4 ,! unity ( ! _s is a fancy4 ,?is1 ,i say1 may be y\r objection4 ,b h]e) we inde$ /& 9 ! pres5ce ( a c]ta9 v deep philosophical problem conc]n+ ! true def9ition ( :at we mean by reality4 ,into ?is problem ,i h nei!r "t nor wi% to ent] j n[4 ,b ^u "o matt] ,i mu/1 nev]!less1 /\tly insi/4 ,x is a matt] s simple1 s significant1 s neglect$1 t ,i at once ne$ & fe> to m5tion x to y1--ne$ to m5tion x1 because x puts our philosophy into a position t q trans=ms ! significance ( t :ole mod]n view ( nature ^u :i* ,i h be5 dwell+ s9ce ! outset ( ?is lecture2 fe> to m5tion x1 because ! fact t x is s commonly neglect$ %[s h[ h>d to be und]/ood x has prov$4 ,t di%e>t5+ view ( ! =eign & me*anical nature ( ! real _w :i* our sci5ces & our indu/rial arts h impress$ ^u ! m9ds ( s _m ( u2 t contempt = sup]/ition2 t d5ial ( ! sup]natural1 :i* seems to ! typical mod]n man ! beg9n+ ( wisdom2--to :at is all ?is view ( reality due8 ,to ! results1 &1 z ,i believe1 to ! really important results1 ( ! mod]n /udy ( natural sci5ce4 ,b :at is ! /udy ( natural sci5ce8 ,practically consid]$1 view$ z "o ( ! great moral activities ( mank9d1 ! /udy ( sci5ce is a v beautiful & humane expression ( a c]ta9 exalt$ =m ( loyalty4 ,sci5ce is1 practically consid]$1 ! outcome ( ! absolutely devot$ labors ( c\ntless seek]s = natural tru?4 ,b h[ d we human be+s get at :at we call natural tru?8 ,by obs]vation--s m5 say--& by exp]i5ce4 ,b by ^: exp]i5ce8 ,by ! unit$1 by ! syn!siz$1 by ! revis$1 correct$1 rationally criticiz$1 above all by ! common1 exp]i5ce ( _m individuals4 ,! possibility ( sci5ce re/s ^u ! fact t human exp]i5ce may be progressively treat$ s z to become m & m an unity4 ,! deta*$ individual records ! transit ( a />1 obs]ves a precipitate 9 a te/ tube1 /a9s a prep>ation & exam9es x "u a microscope1 collects 9 ! field1 takes notes 9 a hospital--& loyally contributes 8 little fragm5t ( a report to ! ideally unifi$ & con/antly gr[+ totality call$ sci5tific human exp]i5ce4 ,9 do+ ?is he employs 8 memory1 & s conceives 8 own p]sonal life z an unity4 ,b equally he aims--& h]e9 consi/s 8 sci5tific loyalty--to br+ 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce into unity ) ! :ole c\rse ( human exp]i5ce 9 s f> z x be>s ^u 8 own sci5ce4 ,! collection ( m]e data is nev] en\gh4 ,x is 9 ! unity ( _! int]pretation t ! a*ievem5ts ( sci5ce lie4 ,?is unity is conceiv$ 9 ! =m ( sci5tific !ories2 is v]ifi$ by ! comp>ative & critical conduct ( exp]im5ts4 ,b 9 all su* "w h[ manifold are ! presuppositions :i* we make :5 we attempt su* unification6 ,"h is no place to enum]ate ^! presuppositions4 ,"s ( !m y f9d discuss$ 9 ! textbooks ( ! logic ( sci5ce4 ,"s ( !m are in/9ctive1 & almo/ nev] get discuss$ at all4 ,b x is "h en\gh to say t we all presuppose t human exp]i5ce has1 or c by ! loyal ef=ts ( tru? seek]s be made to possess1 a real unity1 sup]ior 9 its nature & significance to any deta*$ obs]v]'s exp]i5ce1 m g5u9ely real ?an is ! m]e collection ( ! exp]i5ces ( any set ( deta*$ obs]v]s1 h[ev] l>ge4 ,! /ud5t ( natural sci5ce is loyal to ! cause ( ! enl>gem5t ( ?is organiz$ & criticiz$ realm ( ! common human exp]i5ce4 ,unless ?is unity ( human exp]i5ce is a g5u9e reality1 unless all ! work]s are liv+ a really common life1 unless ea* man is1 pot5tially at lea/1 9 a live spiritual unity ) 8 fell[s1 sci5ce itself is a m]e metaphor1 its tru? is an illusion1 its results are my?s4 ,= sci5ce is conceiv$ z true only by conceiv+ ! exp]i5ces ( c\ntless obs]v]s z ! %>+ ( a common realm ( exp]i5ce4 ,if1 z we all believe1 ! natural sci5ces d ?r[ a real1 if inde$ an inadequate1 light ^u ! nature ( ?+s1 !n !y d s because no "o man's exp]i5ce is disconnect$ f ! real :ole ( human exp]i5ce4 ,!y d s because ! cause to :i* ! loyal /udy ( sci5ce is devot$1 ! cause ( ! enl>gem5t ( human exp]i5ce1 is a cause t has a sup]natural1 or1 z ,pr(essor ,mn/]b]g loves to say1 an ov]-individual1 type ( reality4 ,mank9d is n a m]e collection ( deta*$ individuals1 or man c\ld possess no k ( any unity ( sci5tific tru?4 ,if m5 are really only _m1 & if !y h no su* unity ( consci\s exp]i5ce z loyalty ev]y:]e presupposes1 !n ! cause ( sci5ce also is a va9 illusion1 & we h no unifi$ k ( nature1 only v>i\s private fancies ab\t nature4 ,if we "k1 h[ev] ill1 nature's me*anism1 we d s because human exp]i5ce is n m]ely a collection ( deta*$ obs]vations1 b =ms an actual spiritual unity1 ^: type is n t ( a me*anism1 ^: connections are ideally significant1 ^: con/itution is ess5tially t :i* ! ideal ( unifi$ tru? requires4 ,s1 !n1 ,i insi/1 ! dilemma is ^u our h&s4 ,ei!r ! sci5ces con/itute a progressive1 if imp]fect1 insight into real tru?--& !n ! cause ( ! unity ( human exp]i5ce is a real cause t really c be s]v$ exactly z ! lov] means to be loyal to 8 fri5d%ip & ! patriot to 8 c\ntry2 & !n also human life really possesses su* unity z ! loyal presuppose--or else none ( ?is is s4 ,b !n loyalty & sci5ce alike deal ) metaphors & ) my?s4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! spiritual unity ( ! life t we lead is ess5tially v9dicat$4 ,causes su* z ! loyal s]ve are real4 ,! cause ( sci5ce also is real4 ,b 9 t case an ess5tially spiritual realm1 t ( ! rational unity ( human exp]i5ce1 is real2 & possesses a grade bo? ( reality & ( wor? :i* is sup]ior to ! grade ( reality t ! ph5om5a ( nature's me*anism exhibit to u4 ,9 ! o!r case ! sci5ces ^: results are suppos$ to be disc\rag+ & unspiritual vani%1 ) all _! facts1 into ! realm ( fable1 toge!r ) ! _w t all ! loyal1 includ+ ! fai?ful foll[]s ( ! sci5ces1 believe to be real4 ,i h "h no "t to discuss ! p>adoxes ( a totally skeptical philosophy4 ,x is en\gh to say t su* a total skepticism is1 inde$1 self-refut+4 ,! only rational view ( life dep5ds ^u ma9ta9+ t :at ! loyal always reg>d z a reality1 namely1 _! cause1 is1 inde$1 despite all special illusions ( ?is or ( t =m ( imp]fect loyalty1 ess5tially a type ( reality :i* rationally survives all criticisms & und]lies all d\bts4 ,!y reckon ill :o leave me out2 ,:5 me ?y fly1 ,i am ! w+s4 ,?is is :at ! g5u9e object ( loyalty1 ! unity ( ! spiritual life1 always says to u :5 we exam9e x 9 ! "r _s4 ,b ! "o s\rce ( our deepe/ insight into ?is unity ( ! _s :i* und]lies all ! v>ieties1 & :i* leads u upw>d to itself pa/ all ! sund]+s & d\bts ( exi/5ce1 is ! loyal _s itself4 ,loyalty ass]ts3 ,my cause is real4 ,i "k t my cause live?4 ,b ! cause1 h[ev] imp]fectly int]pret$1 is always "s sort ( unity ( ! spiritual life 9 :i* we le>n to %>e :5ev] we beg9 to be loyal4 ,! m we gr[ 9 loyalty & 9 insight into ! mean+ ( our loyalty1 ! m we le>n to ?9k ( "s va/ range ( ! unity ( spiritual life z ! reality to :i* all ! o!r realities accessible to u are 9 "o way or ano!r subord9ate1 s t !y express ?is unity1 & %[ m or less :at x means4 ,i believe t a s\nd critical philosophy ju/ifies ! view t ! loyal1 precisely 9 s f> z !y view _! cause z real1 z a p]sonal1 b also z an ov]-individual1 realm ( g5u9e spiritual life1 are compreh5d+1 z f> z !y g1 ! deepe/ nature ( ?+s4 ,religion1 9 its high] s5se1 always involves a practical relation to a spiritual _w :i*1 9 its significance1 9 its inclusiv5ess1 9 its unity1 & 9 its close & com=t+ t\* ) our mo/ int5se p]sonal conc]ns1 fulfils 9 a supreme degree ! requirem5ts :i* loyalty makes :5 x seeks = a wor?y cause4 ,"o may h a true religion )\t kn[+ ! reason :y x is true4 ,"o may also h false religi\s beliefs4 ,b 9 any case ! affiliation ( ! _s ( ! high] religion ) ! _s ( loyalty has be5 manife/1 ,i hope1 f ! outset ( ?is discussion ( loyalty4 ,by religi\s insight "o may v prop]ly mean any significant & true view ( an object ( religi\s devotion :i* c be obta9$ by any reasonable means4 ,9 speak+ ( loyalty & insight ,i h also giv5 an indication ( t s\rce ( religi\s insight :i* ,i believe to be1 aft] all1 ! sure/1 ! mo/ accessible1 ! mo/ univ]sal1 &1 9 its deepe/ ess5ce1 ! mo/ rational4 ,! problem ( ! mod]n philosophy ( life is1 we h said1 ! problem ( keep+ ! _s ( religion1 )\t fall+ a prey to sup]/ition4 ,at ! outset ( ?is lecture ,i told briefly :y1 9 ! mod]n _w1 we aim to avoid sup]/ition4 ,! true reason = ?is aim y n[ see bett] ?an at fir/ ,i c\ld /ate t reason4 ,we h le>n$1 & wisely le>n$1 t ! great cause ( ! /udy ( nature by sci5tific me?ods is "o ( ! pr9cipal special causes to :i* man c be devot$2 = no?+ s]ves m ?an ! pursuit ( ! sci5ces s]ves to b9d into unity ! actual "w ( human civilization4 ,to ?is cause ( sci5tific /udy we h all le>n$ to be1 accord+ to our lights1 loyal4 ,b ! /udy ( sci5ce makes u av]se to ! belief 9 magic arts1 9 sup]natural int]f]5ces1 9 special provid5ces4 ,! sci5tific _s turns f ! leg5ds & ! sup]/itions t 9 ! pa/ h sund]$ m51 h inflam$ ! religi\s w>s1 h fill$ ! realm ( imag9ation ) good & evil spirits4 ,turns f ^!--to :at8 ,to a belief 9 a m]ely me*anical reality8 ,to a doctr9e t ! real _w is =eign to our ideals8 ,to an assurance t life is va98 ,no2 s to view ! mission ( ! /udy ( sci5ce is to view t mission falsely4 ,! "o great lesson ( ! triumph ( sci5ce is ! lesson ( ! va/ significance ( loyalty to ! cause ( sci5ce4 ,& ?is loyalty dep5ds ^u ackn[l$g+ ! reality ( a common1 a rational1 a significant unity ( human exp]i5ce1 a g5u9e cause :i* m5 c s]ve4 ,:5 ! sci5ces tea* u to get rid ( sup]/ition1 !y d ?is by virtue ( a loyalty to ! pursuit ( tru? :i* is1 z a fact1 loyalty to ! cause ( ! spiritual unity ( mank9d3 an unity :i* ! /ud5ts ( sci5ce conceive 9 t]ms ( an unity ( our human exp]i5ce ( nature1 b :i*1 aft] all1 !y m or less unconsci\sly int]pret j z all ! o!r loyal s\ls int]pret _! causes2 namely1 z a g5u9e liv+ reality1 a life sup]ior 9 type to ! individual lives :i* we lead--wor?y ( devot$ s]vice1 significant1 & n m]ely an incid5tal play ( a natural me*anism4 ,?is unity ( human exp]i5ce reveals to u nature's me*anisms1 b is itself no "p ( ! me*anism :i* x obs]ves4 ,if1 n[1 we d z our g5]al philosophy ( loyalty w\ld require3 if we take all our loyalties1 9 :atev] =ms !y may appe>1 z m or less enlight5$ b always practical revelations t !re is an unity ( spiritual life :i* is above our pres5t natural level1 :i* is wor?y ( our devotion1 :i* c give s5se to life1 & :i* consi/s ( facts t are j z g5u9ely real z are ! facts & ! laws ( out] nature--well1 c we n ?us see our way t[>ds a religi\s insight :i* is free f sup]/ition1 :i* is indiff]5t to magic & to miracle1 :i* accepts all ! laws ( nature j 9 s f> z !y are inde$ kn[n1 b :i* nev]!less /\tly insi/s3 ,?is _w is no m]e me*anism2 x is full ( a spiritual unity t transc5ds m]e nature8 ,i believe t we c d ?is4 ,i believe t :at ,i h m]ely h9t$ to y is capable ( a mu* ri*] developm5t ?an ,i h "h giv5 to ^! ?\ghts4 ,i believe1 9 brief1 t 9 our loyalties we f9d our be/ s\rces ( a g5u9ely religi\s insight4 ,m5 h (t5 said1 ,! true s\rce ( religi\s insight is revelation2 = ^! matt]s are above ! p[]s ( human reason4 ,n[1 ,i am n "h to discuss or to criticize anybody's type ( revelation4 ,b ?is ,i "k1 & ?is ! believ]s 9 v>i\s suppos$ revelations h (t5 admitt$--t unless ! aid ( "s int]ior spiritual insight comes to be add$ to ! m]ely ext]nal revelation1 "o c be left 9 d\bt by all possible signs & wond]s :]eby ! revelation und]takes to give u conv9c+ ext]nal evid5ce4 ,religi\s fai?1 inde$1 relates to t :i* is above u1 b x mu/ arise f t :i* is )9 u4 ,& any fai? :i* has inde$ a wor?y religi\s object is ei!r m]ely a my/ic ec/asy1 :i* mu/ !n be judg$1 if at all1 only by its fruits1 or else x is a loyalty1 :i* nev] exi/s )\t seek+ to be> fruit 9 works4 ,n[ my !sis is t loyalty is ess5tially adoration ) s]vice1 & t !re is no true adoration )\t practical loyalty4 ,if ,i am "r1 all ( ! loyal are grasp+ 9 _! own ways1 & accord+ to _! lights1 "s =m & degree ( religi\s tru?4 ,!y h won religi\s insight2 = !y view some?+1 at lea/1 ( ! g5u9e spiritual _w 9 its real unity1 & !y devote !mselves to t unity1 to its enl>gem5t & enri*m5t4 ,& !re=e !y approa* m & m to ! compreh5sion ( t true spiritual life :]e(1 z ,i suppose1 ! real _w ess5tially consi/s4 ,!re=e ,i f9d 9 ! gr[? ( ! _s ( loyalty :i* normally belongs to any loyal life ! deepset s\rce ( a g5u9ely significant religi\s insight :i* belongs to j t individual 9 j 8 /age ( developm5t4 ,9 brief3 ,be loyal2 gr[ 9 loyalty4 ,!re9 lies ! s\rce ( a religi\s insight free f sup]/ition4 ,!re9 also lies ! solution ( ! problems ( ! philosophy ( life4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gg3 ,comm5cem5t address deliv]$ at ,simmons ,college1 ,bo/on4 ,publi%$ 9 ,william ,james & ,o!r ,essays1 copyright1 #aiaa4 ,pr9t$ "h by p]mission ( ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,,poetry ,,= ,,poetry',s ,,sake#gh ,a4,c4 ,,bradley ,! words ,poetry = poetry's sake recall ! fam\s phrase ,art = ,art4 ,x is f> f my purpose to exam9e ! possible mean+s ( t phrase1 or all ! que/ions x involves4 ,i propose to /ate briefly :at ,i und]/& by ,poetry = poetry's sake1 & !n1 aft] gu>d+ aga9/ "o or two misappreh5sions ( ! =mula1 to consid] m fully a s+le problem connect$ ) x4 ,& ,i mu/ premise1 )\t attempt+ to ju/ify !m1 c]ta9 explanations4 ,we are to consid] poetry 9 its ess5ce1 & ap>t f ! flaws :i* 9 mo/ poems accompany _! poetry4 ,we are to include 9 ! idea ( poetry ! metrical =m1 & n to reg>d ?is z a m]e accid5t or a m]e vehicle4 ,&1 f9ally1 poetry be+ poems1 we are to ?9k ( a poem z x actually exi/s2 &1 )\t aim+ "h at accuracy1 we may say t an actual poem is ! succession ( exp]i5ces--s\nds1 images1 ?\ghts1 emotions--?r\gh :i* we pass :5 we are read+ z poetically z we c4 ,( c\rse ?is imag9ative exp]i5ce--if ,i may use ! phrase = brevity--diff]s ) e read] & e "t ( read+3 a poem exi/s 9 innum]able degrees4 ,b t insurm\ntable fact lies 9 ! nature ( ?+s & does n conc]n u n[4 ,:at !n does ! =mula ,poetry = poetry's sake tell u ab\t ?is exp]i5ce8 ,x says1 z ,i und]/& x1 ^! ?+s4 ,fir/1 ?is exp]i5ce is an end 9 itself1 is wor? hav+ on its own acc\nt1 has an intr9sic value4 ,next1 its poetic value is ?is intr9sic wor? alone4 ,poetry may h also an ult]ior value z a means to culture or religion2 because x conveys in/ruction1 or s(t5s ! passions1 or fur!rs a good cause2 because x br+s ! poet fame or money or a quiet consci5ce4 ,s mu* ! bett]3 let x be valu$ = ^! reasons too4 ,b its ult]ior wor? nei!r is nor c directly det]m9e its poetic wor? z a satisfy+ imag9ative exp]i5ce2 & ?is is to be judg$ entirely f )94 ,& to ^! two positions ! =mula w\ld add1 ?\gh n ( necessity1 a ?ird4 ,! consid]ation ( ult]ior ends1 :e!r by ! poet 9 ! act ( compos+ or by ! read] 9 ! act ( exp]i5c+1 t5ds to l[] poetic value4 ,x does s because x t5ds to *ange ! nature ( poetry by tak+ x out ( its own atmosph]e4 ,= its nature is to be n a "p1 nor yet a copy1 ( ! real _w 7z we commonly und]/& t phrase71 b to be a _w by itself1 indep5d5t1 complete1 autonom\s2 & to possess x fully y mu/ ent] t _w1 con=m to its laws1 & ignore = ! "t ! beliefs1 aims1 & p>ticul> conditions :i* belong to y 9 ! o!r _w ( reality4 ,( ! m s]i\s misappreh5sions to :i* ^! /atem5ts may give rise ,i w glance only at "o or two4 ,! (f5sive consequ5ces (t5 drawn f ! =mula ,art = ,art w be f\nd to atta* n to ! doctr9e t ,art is an end 9 itself1 b to ! doctr9e t ,art is ! :ole or supreme end ( human life4 ,& z ?is latt] doctr9e1 :i* seems to me absurd1 is 9 any case q diff]5t f ! =m]1 its consequ5ces fall outside my subject4 ,! =mula ,poetry is an end 9 itself has no?+ to say on ! v>i\s que/ions ( moral judgm5t :i* arise f ! fact t poetry has its place 9 a _m-sid$ life4 ,= any?+ x says1 ! intr9sic value ( poetry might be s small1 & its ult]ior effects s mis*iev\s1 t x _h bett] n exi/4 ,! =mula only tells u t we mu/ n place 9 anti!sis poetry & human good1 = poetry is "o k9d ( human good2 & t we mu/ n det]m9e ! intr9sic value ( ?is k9d ( good by direct ref]5ce to ano!r4 ,if we d1 we %all f9d ourselves ma9ta9+ :at we did n expect4 ,if poetic value lies 9 ! /imulation ( religi\s feel+s1 ,lead k9dly ,light is no bett] poem ?an _m a ta/eless v]sion ( a ,psalm3 if 9 ! excitem5t ( patriotism1 :y is ,scots1 :a hae sup]ior to ,we don't want to fight8 if 9 ! mitigation ( ! passions1 ! ,odes ( ,sappho w w9 b little praise3 if 9 in/ruction1 ,arm/rong's ,art ( pres]v+ ,heal? %\ld w9 mu*4 ,aga91 our =mula may be accus$ ( cutt+ poetry away f its connection ) life4 ,& ?is accusation raises s huge a problem t ,i mu/ ask leave to be dogmatic z well z brief4 ,!re is pl5ty ( connection betwe5 life & poetry1 b x is1 s to say1 a connection und]gr\nd4 ,! two may be call$ diff]5t =ms ( ! same ?+3 "o ( !m hav+ 79 ! usual s5se7 reality1 b seldom fully satisfy+ imag9ation2 :ile ! o!r (f]s some?+ :i* satisfies imag9ation b has n full reality4 ,!y are p>allel developm5ts :i* n[h]e meet1 or1 if ,i may use loosely a ^w :i* w be s]viceable lat]1 !y are analogues4 ,h5ce we und]/& "o by help ( ! o!r1 & ev51 9 a s5se1 c>e = "o because ( ! o!r2 b h5ce also1 poetry nei!r is life1 nor1 /rictly speak+1 a copy ( x4 ,!y diff] n only because "o has m mass & ! o!r a m p]fect %ape1 b because !y h diff]5t k9ds ( exi/5ce4 ,! "o t\*es u z be+s occupy+ a giv5 position 9 space & "t1 & hav+ feel+s1 desires1 & purposes due to t position3 x appeals to imag9ation1 b appeals to mu* besides4 ,:at meets u 9 poetry has n a position 9 ! same s]ies ( "t & space1 or1 if x has or _h su* a position1 x is tak5 ap>t f mu* t belong$ to x !re2 & !re=e x makes no direct appeal to ^? feel+s1 desires1 & purposes1 b speaks only to contemplative imag9ation--imag9ation ! rev]se ( empty or emotionless1 imag9ation saturat$ ) ! results ( real exp]i5ce1 b /ill contemplative4 ,?us1 no d\bt1 "o ma9 reason :y poetry has poetic value = u is t x pres5ts to u 9 its own way some?+ :i* we meet 9 ano!r =m 9 nature or life2 & yet ! te/ ( its poetic value = u lies simply 9 ! "q :e!r x satisfies our imag9ation2 ! re/ ( u1 our k or consci5ce1 = example1 judg+ x only s f> z !y appe> transmut$ 9 our imag9ation4 ,s also ,%akespe>e's k or 8 moral insight1 ,milton's greatness ( s\l1 ,%elley's hate ( hate & love ( love1 & t desire to help m5 or make !m happi] :i* may h influ5c$ a poet 9 h\rs ( m$itation--all ^! h1 z su*1 no poetical wor?3 !y h t wor? only :51 pass+ ?r\gh ! unity ( ! poet's be+1 !y reappe> z qualities ( imag9ation1 & !n are inde$ mighty p[]s 9 ! _w ( poetry4 ,i come to a ?ird misappreh5sion1 & s to my ma9 subject4 ,?is =mula1 x is said1 empties poetry ( its mean+3 x is really a doctr9e ( =m = =m's sake4 ,x is ( no consequ5ce :at a poet says1 s long z he says ! ?+ well4 ,! :at is poetically indiff]5t3 x is ! h[ t c\nts4 ,matt]1 subject1 cont5t1 sub/ance1 det]m9es no?+2 !re is no subject ) :i* poetry may n deal3 ! =m1 ! treatm5t1 is ev]y?+4 ,nay1 m3 n only is ! matt] indiff]5t1 b x is ! secret ( ,art to 'eradicate ! matt] by means ( ! =m1'--phrases & /atem5ts l ^! meet u ev]y:]e 9 curr5t criticism ( lit]ature & ! o!r arts4 ,!y are ! /ock-9-trade ( writ]s :o und]/& ( !m little m ?an ! fact t someh[ or o!r !y are n b\rgeois4 ,b we f9d !m also s]i\sly us$ by writ]s :om we mu/ respect1 :e!r !y are anonym\s or n2 some?+ l "o or ano!r ( !m might be quot$1 = example1 f ,pr(essor ,sa9tsbury1 ! late ,r4,a4,m4 ,/ev5son1 ,s*ill]1 ,goe! himself2 & !y are ! wat*words ( a s*ool 9 ! "o c\ntry :]e ,ae/hetics has fl\ri%$4 ,!y come1 z a rule1 f m5 :o ei!r practise "o ( ! arts1 or1 f /udy ( x1 are int]e/$ 9 its me?ods4 ,! g5]al read]--a be+ s g5]al t ,i may say :at ,i w ( him--is outrag$ by !m4 ,he feels t he is be+ robb$ ( almo/ all t he c>es = 9 a "w ( art4 ,y are ask+ me1 he says1 to look at ! ,dresd5 ,madonna z if x 7 a ,p]sian rug4 ,y are tell+ me t ! poetic value ( ,hamlet lies solely 9 its /yle & v]sification1 & t my int]e/ 9 ! man & 8 fate is only an intellectual or moral int]e/4 ,y allege t1 if ,i want to enjoy ! poetry ( ,cross+ ! ,b>1 ,i mu/ n m9d :at ,t5nyson says !re1 b mu/ consid] solely 8 way ( say+ x4 ,b 9 t case ,i c c>e no m = a poem ?an ,i d = a set ( nons5se v]ses2 & ,i d n believe t ! au?ors ( ,hamlet & ,cross+ ! ,b> reg>d$ _! poems ?us4 ,^! anti!ses ( subject1 matt]1 sub/ance on ! "o side1 =m1 treatm5t1 h&l+ on ! o!r1 are ! field ?r\gh :i* ,i especially want1 9 ?is lecture1 to indicate a way4 ,x is a field ( battle2 & ! battle is wag$ = no trivial cause2 b ! cries ( ! combatants are t]ribly ambigu\s4 ,^? phrases ( ! s-call$ =mali/ may ea* mean five or six diff]5t ?+s4 ,tak5 9 "o s5se !y seem to me *iefly true2 tak5 z ! g5]al read] n unnaturally takes !m1 !y seem to me false1 & mis*iev\s4 ,x w\ld be absurd to pret5d t ,i c end 9 a few m9utes a controv]sy :i* conc]ns ! ultimate nature ( ,art1 & leads p]haps to problems n yet soluble2 b we c at lea/ draw "s pla9 di/9ctions :i*1 9 ?is controv]sy1 are too (t5 confus$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 let u take subject 9 "o p>ticul> s5se2 let u und]/& by x t :i* we h 9 view :51 look+ at ! title ( an unread poem1 we say t ! poet has *os5 ?is or t = 8 subject4 ,! subject 9 ?is s5se1 s f> z ,i c discov]1 is g5]ally some?+ real or imag9>y1 z x exi/s 9 ! m9ds ( fairly cultivat$ p4 ,! subject ( ,p>adise ,lo/ w\ld be ! /ory ( ! ,fall z t /ory exi/s 9 ! g5]al imag9ation ( a ,bible-read+ p4 ,! subject ( ,%elley's /anzas ,to a ,skyl>k w\ld be ! ideas :i* arise 9 ! m9d ( an educat$ p]son :51 )\t kn[+ ! poem1 he he>s ! ^w skyl>k4 ,if ! title ( a poem conveys little or no?+ to u1 ! subject appe>s to be ei!r :at we %\ld ga!r by inve/igat+ ! title 9 a diction>y or o!r book ( ! k9d1 or else su* a brief sugge/ion z might be (f]$ by a p]son :o _h read ! poem1 & :o said1 = example1 t ! subject ( ,! ,anci5t ,m>9] 0 a sailor :o kill$ an albatross & suff]$ = 8 de$4 ,n[ ! subject1 9 ?is s5se 7& ,i int5d to use ! ^w 9 no o!r71 is n1 z su*1 inside ! poem1 b outside x4 ,! cont5ts ( ! /anzas ,to a ,skyl>k are n ! ideas sugge/$ by ! ^w skyl>k to ! av]age man2 !y belong to ,%elley j z mu* z ! language does4 ,! subject1 !re=e1 is n ! matt] ( ! poem at all2 & its opposite is n ! =m ( ! poem1 b ! :ole poem4 ,! subject is "o ?+2 ! poem1 matt] & =m alike1 ano!r ?+4 ,?is be+ s1 x is surely obvi\s t ! poetic value _c lie 9 t subject1 b lies entirely 9 its opposite1 ! poem4 ,h[ c ! subject det]m9e ! value :5 on "o & ! same subject poems may be writt5 ( all degrees ( m]it & dem]it2 or :5 a p]fect poem may be compos$ on a subject s slight z a pet sp>r[1 &1 if ,macaulay may be tru/$1 a ne>ly wor?less poem on a subject s /up5d\s z ! omnipres5ce ( ! ,deity8 ,! =mali/ is "h p]fectly "r4 ,nor is he insi/+ on some?+ unimportant4 ,he is fight+ aga9/ our t5d5cy to take ! "w ( art z a m]e copy or rem9d] ( some?+ already 9 our heads1 or at ! be/ z a sugge/ion ( "s idea z little remov$ z possible f ! famili>4 ,! sightse] :o prom5ades a picture-gall]y1 rem>k+ t ?is portrait is s l 8 c\s91 or t l&scape ! v image ( 8 bir?place1 or :o1 aft] satisfy+ himself t "o picture is ab\t ,elijah1 passes on rejoic+ to discov] ! subject1 & no?+ b ! subject1 ( ! next--:at is he b an extreme example ( ?is t5d5cy8 ,well1 b ! v same t5d5cy vitiates mu* ( our criticism1 mu* criticism ( ,%akespe>e1 = example1 :i*1 ) all its clev]ness & p>tial tru?1 /ill %[s t ! critic nev] pass$ f 8 own m9d into ,%akespe>e's2 & x may be trac$ ev5 9 s f9e a critic z ,col]idge1 z :5 he dw>fs ! sublime /ruggle ( ,hamlet into ! image ( 8 own unhappy weakness4 ,hazlitt by no means escap$ its influ5ce4 ,only ! ?ird ( t great trio1 ,lamb1 appe>s almo/ always to h r5d]$ ! conception ( ! compos]4 ,aga91 x is surely true t we _c det]m9e be=eh& :at subjects are fit = ,art1 or "n any subject on :i* a good poem might n possibly be writt54 ,to divide subjects into two gr\ps1 ! beautiful or elevat+1 & ! ugly or vici\s1 & to judge poems accord+ z _! subjects belong to "o ( ^! gr\ps or ! o!r1 is to fall into ! same pit1 to confuse ) our pre-conceptions ! mean+ ( ! poet4 ,:at ! ?+ is 9 ! poem he is to be judg$ by1 n by ! ?+ z x 0 be=e he t\*$ x2 & h[ c we v5ture to say be=eh& t he _c make a true poem out ( some?+ :i* to u 0 m]ely allur+ or dull or revolt+8 ,! "q :e!r1 hav+ done s1 he ought to publi% 8 poem2 :e!r ! ?+ 9 ! poet's "w w n be /ill confus$ by ! incompet5t ,puritan or ! incompet5t s5suali/ ) ! ?+ 9 8 m9d1 does n t\* ?is po9t2 x is a fur!r "q1 "o ( e?ics1 n ( art4 ,no d\bt ! uphold]s ( ,art = art's sake w g5]ally be 9 fav\r ( ! c\rage\s c\rse1 ( refus+ to sacrifice ! bett] or /rong] "p ( ! public to ! weak] or worse2 b _! maxim 9 no way b9ds !m to ?is view4 ,rossetti suppress$ "o ( ! be/ ( 8 sonnets1 a sonnet *os5 = admiration by ,t5nyson1 himself extremely s5sitive ab\t ! moral effect ( poetry2 suppress$ x1 ,i believe1 because x 0 call$ fle%ly4 ,"o may regret ,rossetti's judgm5t & at ! same "t respect 8 scrupul\sness2 b 9 any case he judg$ 9 8 capacity ( citiz51 n 9 8 capacity ( arti/4 ,s f> !n ! =mali/ appe>s to be "r4 ,b he goes too f>1 ,i ?9k1 if he ma9ta9s t ! subject is indiff]5t & t all subjects are ! same to poetry4 ,& he does n prove 8 po9t by obs]v+ t a good poem might be writt5 on a p9's head1 & a bad "o on ! ,fall ( ,man4 ,t tru? %[s t ! subject settles no?+1 b n t x c\nts = no?+4 ,! ,fall ( ,man is really a m fav\rable subject ?an a p9's head4 ,! ,fall ( ,man1 t is to say1 (f]s opportunities ( poetic effects wid] 9 range & m p5etrat+ 9 appeal4 ,& ! fact is t su* a subject1 z x exi/s 9 ! g5]al imag9ation1 has "s ae/hetic value be=e ! poet t\*es x4 ,x is1 z y may *oose to call x1 an in*oate poem or ! dbris ( a poem4 ,x is n an ab/ract idea or a b>e isolat$ fact1 b an assemblage ( figures1 sc5es1 actions1 & ev5ts1 :i* already appeal to emotional imag9ation2 & x is already 9 "s degree organiz$ & =m$4 ,9 spite ( ?is a bad poet w\ld make a bad poem on x2 b !n we %\ld say he 0 unwor?y ( ! subject4 ,& we %\ld n say ?is if he wrote a bad poem on a p9's head4 ,conv]sely1 a good poem on a p9's head w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly trans=m its subject f> m ?an a good poem on ! ,fall ( ,man4 ,x might revolutionize its subject s completely t we %\ld say1 ,! subject may be a p9's head1 b ! sub/ance ( ! poem has v little to d ) x4 ,?is br+s u to ano!r & a diff]5t anti!sis4 ,^? figures1 sc5es1 ev5ts1 t =m "p ( ! subject call$ ! ,fall ( ,man1 are n ! sub/ance ( ,p>adise ,lo/2 b 9 ,p>adise ,lo/ !re are figures1 sc5es1 & ev5ts resembl+ !m 9 "s degree4 ,^!1 ) mu* m ( ! same k9d1 may be describ$ z its sub/ance1 & may !n be contra/$ ) ! measur$ language ( ! poem1 :i* w be call$ its =m4 ,subject is ! opposite n ( =m b ( ! :ole poem4 ,sub/ance is )9 ! poem1 & its opposite1 =m1 is also )9 ! poem4 ,i am n criticiz+ ?is anti!sis at pres5t1 b evid5tly x is q diff]5t f ! o!r4 ,x is practically ! di/9ction us$ 9 ! old-fa%ion$ criticism ( epic & drama1 & x fl[s d[n1 n unsulli$1 f ,ari/otle4 ,addison1 = example1 9 exam9+ ,p>adise ,lo/ consid]s 9 ord] ! fable1 ! *>act]s1 & ! s5tim5ts2 ^! w be ! sub/ance3 !n he consid]s ! language1 t is1 ! /yle & numb]s2 ?is w be ! =m4 ,9 l mann]1 ! sub/ance or mean+ ( a lyric may be di/+ui%$ f ! =m4 ,n[ ,i believe x w be f\nd t a l>ge "p ( ! controv]sy we are deal+ ) arises f a confusion betwe5 ^! two di/9ctions ( sub/ance & =m1 & ( subject & poem4 ,! extreme =mali/ lays 8 :ole weight on ! =m because he ?9ks its opposite is ! m]e subject4 ,! g5]al read] is angry1 b makes ! same mi/ake1 & gives to ! subject praises t rightly belong to ! sub/ance4 ,i w read an example ( :at ,i mean4 ,i c only expla9 ! foll[+ words ( a good critic by suppos+ t = ! mom5t he has fall5 into ?is confusion3 ,! m]e matt] ( all poetry--to wit1 ! appe>ances ( nature & ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( m5--be+ unalt]able1 x foll[s t ! diff]5ce betwe5 poet & poet w dep5d ^u ! mann] ( ea* 9 apply+ language1 metre1 rhyme1 cad5ce1 & :at n1 to ?is inv>iable mat]ial4 ,:at has become "h ( ! sub/ance ( ,p>adise ,lo/--! /ory1 sc5]y1 *>act]s1 s5tim5ts z !y are 9 ! poem8 ,!y h vani%$ clean away4 ,no?+ is left b ! =m on "o side1 & on ! o!r n ev5 ! subject1 b a suppos$ inv>iable mat]ial1 ! appe>ances ( nature & ! ?\ghts & feel+s ( m54 ,is x surpris+ t ! :ole value %\ld !n be f\nd 9 ! =m8 ,s f> we h assum$ t ?is anti!sis ( sub/ance & =m is valid1 & t x always has "o mean+4 ,9 reality x has sev]al1 b we w leave x 9 its pres5t %ape1 & pass to ! "q ( its validity4 ,& ?is "q we are compell$ to raise1 because we h to deal ) ! two cont5tions t ! poetic value lies :olly or ma9ly 9 ! sub/ance1 & t x lies :olly or ma9ly 9 ! =m4 ,n[ ^! cont5tions1 :e!r false or true1 may seem at lea/ to be cle>2 b we %all f9d1 ,i ?9k1 t !y are bo? ( !m false1 or bo? ( !m nons5se3 false if !y conc]n any?+ outside ! poem1 nons5se if !y apply to some?+ 9 x4 ,= :at d !y evid5tly imply8 ,!y imply t !re are 9 a poem two p>ts1 factors1 or compon5ts1 a sub/ance & a =m2 & t y c conceive !m di/9ctly & sep>ately1 s t :5 y are speak+ ( ! "o y are n speak+ ( ! o!r4 ,o!rwise h[ c y ask ! "q1 ,9 :i* ( !m does ! value lie8 ,b really 9 a poem1 ap>t f defects1 !re are no su* factors or compon5ts2 & !re=e x is /rictly nons5se to ask 9 :i* ( !m ! value lies4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 if ! sub/ance & ! =m ref]r$ to are n 9 ! poem1 !n bo? ! cont5tions are false1 = its poetic value lies 9 itself4 ,:at ,i mean is nei!r new nor my/]i\s2 & x w be cle>1 ,i believe1 to any "o :o reads poetry poetically & :o closely exam9es 8 exp]i5ce4 ,:5 y are read+ a poem1 ,i w\ld ask--n analys+ x1 & mu* less criticiz+ x1 b all[+ x1 z x proce$s1 to make its full impression on y ?r\gh ! ex]tion ( y\r recreat+ imag9ation--d y !n appreh5d & enjoy z "o ?+ a c]ta9 mean+ or sub/ance1 & z ano!r ?+ c]ta9 articulate s\nds1 & d y someh[ comp\nd ^! two8 ,surely y d n1 any m ?an y appreh5d ap>t1 :5 y see "s "o smile1 ^? l9es 9 ! face :i* express a feel+1 & ! feel+ t ! l9es express4 ,j z !re ! l9es & _! mean+ are to y "o ?+1 n two1 s 9 poetry ! mean+ & ! s\nds are "o3 !re is1 if ,i may put x s1 a resonant mean+1 or a mean+ resonance4 ,if y read ! l9e1 ,! sun is w>m1 ! sky is cle>1 y d n exp]i5ce sep>ately ! image ( a w>m sun & cle> sky1 on ! "o side1 & c]ta9 un9telligible rhy?mical s\nds on ! o!r2 nor yet d y exp]i5ce !m toge!r1 side by side2 b y exp]i5ce ! "o 9 ! o!r4 ,& 9 l mann] :5 y are really read+ ,hamlet1 ! action & ! *>act]s are n some?+ :i* y conceive ap>t f ! words2 y appreh5d !m f po9t to po9t 9 ! words1 & ! words z expressions ( !m4 ,aft]w>ds1 no d\bt1 :5 y are out ( ! poetic exp]i5ce b rememb] x1 y may by analysis decompose ?is unity1 & att5d to a sub/ance m or less isolat$1 & a =m m or less isolat$4 ,b ^! are ?+s 9 y\r analytic head1 n 9 ! poem1 :i* is poetic exp]i5ce4 ,& if y want to h ! poem aga91 y _c f9d x by add+ toge!r ^! two products ( decomposition2 y c only f9d x by pass+ back into poetic exp]i5ce4 ,& !n :at y recov] is no aggregate ( factors1 x is a unity 9 :i* y c no m sep>ate a sub/ance & a =m ?an y c sep>ate liv+ blood & ! life 9 ! blood4 ,?is unity has1 if y l1 v>i\s aspects or sides1 b !y are n factors or p>ts2 if y try to exam9e "o1 y f9d x is also ! o!r4 ,call !m sub/ance & =m if y please1 b ^! are n ! reciprocally exclusive sub/ance & =m to :i* ! two cont5tions mu/ ref]4 ,!y d n agree1 = !y are n ap>t3 !y are "o ?+ f diff]5t po9ts ( view1 & 9 t s5se id5tical4 ,& ?is id5tity ( cont5t & =m1 y w say1 is no accid5t2 x is ( ! ess5ce ( poetry 9 s f> z x is poetry1 & ( all art 9 s f> z x is art4 ,j z !re is 9 music n s\nd on "o side & a mean+ on ! o!r1 b expressive s\nd1 & if y ask :at is ! mean+ y c only answ] by po9t+ to ! s\nds2 j z 9 pa9t+ !re is n a mean+ plus pa9t1 b a mean+ 9 pa9t1 or significant pa9t1 & no man c really express ! mean+ 9 any o!r way ?an 9 pa9t & 9 ?is pa9t2 s 9 a poem ! true cont5t & ! true =m nei!r exi/ nor c be imag9$ ap>t4 ,:5 !n y are ask$ :e!r ! value ( a poem lies 9 a sub/ance got by decompos+ ! poem1 & pres5t1 z su*1 only 9 reflective analysis1 or :e!r ! value lies 9 a =m arriv$ at & exi/+ 9 ! same way1 y w answ]1 ,x lies nei!r 9 "o1 nor 9 ! o!r1 nor 9 any addition ( !m1 b 9 ! poem1 :]e !y are n4 ,we h !n1 fir/1 an anti!sis ( subject & poem4 ,?is is cle> & valid2 & ! "q 9 :i* ( !m does ! value lie is intelligible2 & its answ] is1 ,9 ! poem4 ,we h next a di/9ction ( sub/ance & =m4 ,if ! sub/ance means ideas1 images1 & ! l tak5 alone1 & ! =m means ! measur$ language tak5 by itself1 ?is is a possible di/9ction1 b x is a di/9ction ( ?+s n 9 ! poem1 & ! value lies 9 nei!r ( !m4 ,if sub/ance & =m mean any?+ 9 ! poem1 !n ea* is involv$ 9 ! o!r1 & ! "q 9 :i* ( !m ! value lies has no s5se4 ,no d\bt y may say1 speak+ loosely1 t 9 ?is poet or poem ! aspect ( sub/ance is ! m noticeable1 & 9 t ! aspect ( =m2 & y may pursue int]e/+ discussions on ?is basis1 ?\gh no pr9ciple or ultimate "q ( value is t\*$ by !m4 ,& ap>t f t "q1 ( c\rse1 ,i am n d5y+ ! usefulness & necessity ( ! di/9ction4 ,we _c disp5se ) x4 ,to consid] sep>ately ! action or ! *>act]s ( a play1 & sep>ately its /yle or v]sification1 is bo? legitimate & valuable1 s long z we rememb] :at we are do+4 ,b ! true critic 9 speak+ ( ^! ap>t does n really ?9k ( !m ap>t2 ! :ole1 ! poetic exp]i5ce1 ( :i* !y are b aspects1 is always 9 8 m9d2 & he is always aim+ at a ri*]1 tru]1 m int5se repetition ( t exp]i5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! "q ( pr9ciple1 ( poetic value1 is rais$1 ^! aspects mu/ fall ap>t into compon5ts1 sep>ately conceivable2 & !n !re arise two h]esies1 equally false1 t ! value lies 9 "o ( two ?+s1 bo? ( :i* are outside ! poem1 & !re=e :]e its value _c lie4 ,on ! h]esy ( ! sep>able sub/ance a few additional words w suffice4 ,?is h]esy is seldom =mulat$1 b p]haps "s unconsci\s hold] ( x may object3 ,surely ! action & ! *>act]s ( ,hamlet are 9 ! play2 & surely ,i c reta9 ^!1 ?\gh ,i h =gott5 all ! words4 ,i admit t ,i d n possess ! :ole poem1 b ,i possess a "p1 & ! mo/ important "p4 ,& ,i w\ld answ]3 ,if we are n conc]n$ ) any "q ( pr9ciple1 ,i accept all t y say except ! la/ words1 :i* d raise su* a "q4 ,speak+ loosely1 ,i agree t ! action & *>act]s1 z y p]haps conceive !m1 toge!r ) a great deal m1 are 9 ! poem4 ,ev5 !n1 h[ev]1 y mu/ n claim to possess all ( ?is k9d t is 9 ! poem2 = 9 =gett+ ! words y mu/ h lo/ innum]able details ( ! action & ! *>act]s4 ,&1 :5 ! "q ( value is rais$1 ,i mu/ insi/ t ! action & *>act]s1 z y conceive !m1 are n 9 ,hamlet at all4 ,if !y are1 po9t !m out4 ,y _c d x4 ,:at y f9d at any mom5t ( t succession ( exp]i5ces call$ ,hamlet is words4 ,9 ^! words1 to speak loosely aga91 ! action & *>act]s 7m ( !m ?an y c conceive ap>t7 are focuss$2 b y\r exp]i5ce is n a comb9ation ( !m1 z ideas1 on ! "o side1 ) c]ta9 s\nds on ! o!r2 x is an exp]i5ce ( some?+ 9 :i* ! two are indissolubly fus$4 ,if y d5y ?is1 to be sure ,i c make no answ]1 or c only answ] t ,i h reason to believe t y _c read poetically1 or else are mis9t]pret+ y\r exp]i5ce4 ,b if y d n d5y ?is1 !n y w admit t ! action & *>act]s ( ! poem1 z y sep>ately imag9e !m1 are no "p ( x1 b a product ( x 9 y\r reflective imag9ation1 a fa9t analogue ( "o aspect ( x tak5 9 deta*m5t f ! :ole4 ,well1 ,i d n dispute1 ,i w\ld ev5 insi/1 t1 9 ! case ( s long a poem z ,hamlet1 x may be necess>y f "t to "t to int]rupt ! poetic exp]i5ce1 9 ord] to enri* x by =m+ su* a product & dwell+ on x4 ,nor1 9 a wide s5se ( 'poetic1' d ,i "q ! poetic value ( ?is product1 z y ?9k ( x ap>t f ! poem4 ,x resembles our recollections ( ! h]oes ( hi/ory or leg5d1 :o move ab\t 9 our imag9ations1 '=ms m real ?an liv+ man1' & are wor? mu* to u ?\gh we d n rememb] any?+ !y said4 ,our ideas & images ( ! 'sub/ance' ( a poem h ?is poetic value1 & m1 if !y are at all adequate4 ,b !y _c det]m9e ! poetic value ( ! poem1 = 7n to speak ( ! compet+ claims ( ! '=m'7 no?+ t is outside ! poem c d t1 & !y1 z su*1 are outside x4 ,let u turn to ! s-call$ =m--/yle & v]sification4 ,!re is no su* ?+ z m]e =m 9 poetry4 ,all =m is expression4 ,/yle may h inde$ a c]ta9 ae/hetic wor? 9 p>tial ab/raction f ! p>ticul> matt] x conveys1 z 9 a well-built s5t5ce y may take pleasure 9 ! build almo/ ap>t f ! mean+4 ,ev5 s /yle is expressive--pres5ts to s5se1 = example1 ! ord]1 ease1 & rapidity ) :i* ideas move 9 ! writ]'s m9d--b x is n expressive ( ! mean+ ( t p>ticul> s5t5ce4 ,& x is possible1 int]rupt+ poetic exp]i5ce1 to decompose x & ab/ract = comp>atively sep>ate consid]ation ?is ne>ly =mal elem5t ( /yle4 ,b ! ae/hetic value ( /yle s tak5 is n consid]able2 y c\ld n read ) pleasure = an h\r a composition :i* _h no o!r m]it4 ,& 9 poetic exp]i5ce y nev] appreh5d ?is value by itself2 ! /yle is "h expressive also ( a p>ticul> mean+1 or r is "o aspect ( t unity ^: o!r aspect is mean+4 ,s t :at y appreh5d may be call$ indiff]5tly an express$ mean+ or a significant =m4 ,p]haps on ?is po9t ,i may 9 ,ox=d appeal to au?ority1 t ( ,mat!w ,arnold & ,walt] ,pat]1 ! latt] at any rate an au?ority :om ! =mali/ w n despise4 ,:at is ! gi/ ( ,pat]'s tea*+ ab\t /yle1 if x is n t 9 ! end ! "o virtue ( /yle is tru? or adequacy2 t ! ^w1 phrase1 s5t5ce1 %\ld express p]fectly ! writ]'s p]ception1 feel+1 image1 or ?\ght2 s t1 z we read a descriptive phrase ( ,keats's1 we exclaim1 ,t is ! ?+ itself2 s t1 to quote ,arnold1 ! words are symbols equival5t ) ! ?+ symboliz$1 or1 9 our te*nical language1 a =m id5tical ) its cont5t8 ,h5ce 9 true poetry x is1 9 /rictness1 impossible to express ! mean+ 9 any b its own words1 or to *ange ! words )\t *ang+ ! mean+4 ,a translation ( su* poetry is n really ! old mean+ 9 a fre% dress2 x is a new product1 some?+ l ! poem1 ?\gh1 if "o *ooses to say s1 m l x 9 ! aspect ( mean+ ?an 9 ! aspect ( =m4 ,no "o :o und]/&s poetry1 x seems to me1 w\ld dispute ?is1 7 x n t1 fall+ away f 8 exp]i5ce1 or misl$ by !ory1 he takes ! ^w mean+ 9 a s5se almo/ ludicr\sly inapplicable to poetry4 ,p say1 = in/ance1 /e$ & horse h ! same mean+2 & 9 bad poetry !y h1 b n 9 poetry t is poetry4 ,br+ =? ! horse6 ,! horse 0 br\ght3 ,9 tru? he 0 a noble /e$6 says ,byron 9 ,mazeppa4 ,if ! two words mean ! same "h1 transpose !m3 ,br+ =? ! /e$6 ,! /e$ 0 br\ght3 ,9 tru? he 0 a noble horse6 & ask aga9 if !y mean ! same4 ,or let me take a l9e c]ta9ly v free f poetic diction3 ,to be or n to be1 t is ! "q4 ,y may say t ?is means ! same z ,:at is j n[ occupy+ my att5tion is ! comp>ative disadvantages ( cont9u+ to live or putt+ an end to myself4 ,& = practical purposes--! purpose1 = example1 ( a coron]--x does4 ,b z ! second v]sion altoge!r misrepres5ts ! speak] at t mom5t ( 8 exi/5ce1 :ile ! fir/ does repres5t him1 h[ c !y = any b a practical or logical purpose be said to h ! same s5se8 ,hamlet 0 well able to unpack 8 he>t ) words1 b he w n unpack x ) our p>aphrases4 ,^! consid]ations apply equally to v]sification4 ,if ,i take ! fam\s l9e :i* describes h[ ! s\ls ( ! dead /ood wait+ by ! riv]1 implor+ a passage f ,*>on3 ,t5debantque manus ripae ult]ioris amore1 & if ,i translate x1 & 7 /ret*+ =? _! h&s 9 long+ = ! fur!r bank1 ! *>m ( ! orig9al has fl$4 ,:y has x fl$8 ,p>tly 7b we h dealt ) t7 because ,i h sub/itut$ = five words1 & ^? ! words ( ,virgil1 twelve words1 & ^? my own4 ,9 "s measure because ,i h turn$ into rhy?mless prose a l9e ( v]se :i*1 z m]e s\nd1 has unusual beauty4 ,b mu* m because 9 do+ s ,i h also *ang$ ! mean+ ( ,virgil's l9e4 ,:at t mean+ is ,i _c say3 ,virgil has said x4 ,b ,i c see ?is mu*1 t ! translation conveys a f> less vivid picture ( ! out/ret*$ h&s & ( _! rema9+ out/ret*$1 & a f> less poignant s5se ( ! di/ance ( ! %ore & ! long+ ( ! s\ls4 ,& x does s p>tly because ?is picture & ?is s5se are convey$ n only by ! obvi\s mean+ ( ! words1 b ?r\gh ! long-drawn s\nd ( t5debantque1 ?r\gh ! "t occupi$ by ! five syllables & !re=e by ! idea ( ult]ioris1 & ?r\gh ! id5tity ( ! long s\nd or 9 ! p5ultimate syllables ( ult]ioris amore--all ?is1 & mu* m1 appreh5d$ n 9 ?is analytical fa%ion1 nor z add$ to ! beauty ( m]e s\nd & to ! obvi\s mean+1 b 9 unity ) !m & s z expressive ( ! poetic mean+ ( ! :ole4 ,x is always s 9 f9e poetry4 ,! value ( v]sification1 :5 x is indissolubly fus$ ) mean+1 c h>dly be exagg]at$4 ,! gift = feel+ x1 ev5 m p]haps ?an ! gift = feel+ ! value ( /yle1 is ! specific gift = poetry1 z di/+ui%$ f o!r arts4 ,b v]sification1 tak51 z f> z possible1 all by itself1 has a v diff]5t wor?4 ,"s ae/hetic wor? x has2 h[ mu* y may exp]i5ce by read+ poetry 9 a language ( :i* y d n und]/& a syllable4 ,! pleasure is q appreciable1 b x is n great2 nor 9 actual poetic exp]i5ce d y meet ) x1 z su*1 at all4 ,=1 ,i repeat1 x is n add$ to ! pleasure ( ! mean+ :5 y read poetry t y d und]/&3 by "s my/]y ! music is !n ! music ( ! mean+1 & ! two are "o4 ,h[ev] fond ( v]sification y might be1 y w\ld tire v soon ( read+ v]ses 9 ,*9ese2 & be=e long ( read+ ,virgil & ,dante if y 7 ignorant ( _! languages4 ,b take ! music z x is 9 ! poem1 & !re is a m>vell\s *ange4 ,n[ ,x gives a v e*o to ! seat ,:]e ,love is ?ron$2 or c>ries f> into y\r he>t1 almo/ l music itself1 ! s\nd ,( old1 unhappy1 f>-(f ?+s ,& battles long ago4 ,:at !n is to be said ( ! foll[+ s5t5ce ( ! critic quot$ be=e3 ,b :5 any "o :o kn[s :at poetry is reads-- ,our noisy ye>s seem mom5ts 9 ! be+ ,( ! et]nal sil5ce1 he sees t1 q indep5d5tly ( ! mean+1 444 !re is "o note add$ to ! articulate music ( ! _w--a note t nev] w leave (f res\nd+ till ! et]nal sil5ce itself gulfs x8 ,i mu/ ?9k t ! writ] is deceiv+ himself4 ,= ,i c\ld q und]/& 8 en?usiasm1 if x 7 an en?usiasm = ! music ( ! mean+2 b z = ! music1 q indep5d5tly ( ! mean+1 s f> z ,i c he> x ?us 7& ,i d\bt if any "o :o kn[s ,engli% c q d s71 ,i f9d x gives "s pleasure1 b only a trifl+ pleasure4 ,& inde$ ,i v5ture to d\bt :e!r1 consid]$ z m]e s\nd1 ! words are at all exceptionally beautiful1 z ,virgil's l9e c]ta9ly is4 ,:5 poetry answ]s to its idea & is purely or almo/ purely poetic1 we f9d ! id5tity ( =m & cont5t2 & ! degree ( purity atta9$ may be te/$ by ! degree 9 :i* we feel x hopeless to convey ! effect ( a poem or passage 9 any =m b its own4 ,:]e ! notion ( do+ s is simply ludicr\s1 y h qu9tess5tial poetry4 ,b a great "p ev5 ( good poetry1 especially 9 long works1 is ( a mix$ nature2 & s we f9d 9 x no m ?an a p>tial agreem5t ( a =m & sub/ance :i* rema9 to "s ext5t di/9ct4 ,?is is s 9 _m passages ( ,%akespe>e 7! greate/ ( poets :5 he *ose1 b n always a consci5ti\s poet72 passages :]e some?+ 0 want$ = ! sake ( ! plot1 b he did n c>e ab\t x or 0 hurri$4 ,! conception ( ! passage is !n di/9ct f ! execution1 & nei!r is inspir$4 ,?is is s also1 ,i ?9k1 :]ev] we c truly speak ( m]ely decorative effect4 ,we seem to p]ceive t ! poet _h a tru? or fact--philosophical1 agricultural1 social--di/9ctly be=e him1 & !n1 z we say1 clo!d x 9 metrical & col\r$ language4 ,mo/ argum5tative1 didactic1 or satiric poems are p>tly ( ?is k9d2 & 9 imag9ative poems any?+ :i* is really a m]e conceit is m]e decoration4 ,we (t5 deceive ourselves 9 ?is matt]1 = :at we call decoration has (t5 a new & g5u9ely poetic cont5t ( its own2 b :]ev] !re is m]e decoration1 we judge ! poetry to be n :olly poetic4 ,& s :5 ,wordswor? inveigh$ aga9/ poetic diction1 ?\gh he hurl$ 8 d>ts r wildly1 :at he 0 rightly aim+ at 0 a phraseology1 n ! liv+ body ( a new cont5t1 b ! m]e worn-out body ( an old "o4 ,9 pure poetry x is o!rwise4 ,pure poetry is n ! decoration ( a preconceiv$ & cle>ly def9$ matt]3 x spr+s f ! creative impulse ( a vague imag9ative mass press+ = developm5t & def9ition4 ,if ! poet already knew exactly :at he meant to say1 :y %\ld he write ! poem8 ,! poem w\ld 9 fact already be writt54 ,= only its completion c reveal1 ev5 to him1 exactly :at he want$4 ,:5 he began & :ile he 0 at "w1 he did n possess 8 mean+2 x possess$ him4 ,x 0 n a fully =m$ s\l ask+ = a body3 x 0 an in*oate s\l 9 ! in*oate body ( p]haps two or ?ree vague ideas & a few scatt]$ phrases4 ,! gr[+ ( ?is body into its full /ature & p]fect %ape 0 ! same ?+ z ! gradual self-def9ition ( ! mean+4 ,& ?is is ! reason :y su* poems /rike u z creations1 n manufactures1 & h ! magical effect :i* m]e decoration _c produce4 ,?is is also ! reason :y1 if we insi/ on ask+ = ! mean+ ( su* a poem1 we c only be answ]$ ,x means itself4 ,& s at la/ ,i may expla9 :y ,i h tr\bl$ myself3 & y ) :at may seem an arid controv]sy ab\t m]e words4 ,x is n s4 ,^! h]esies :i* w\ld make poetry a comp\nd ( two factors--a matt] common to x ) ! m]e/ prose1 plus a poetic =m1 z ! "o h]esy says3 a poetical sub/ance plus a negligible =m1 z ! o!r says--are n only untrue1 !y are injuri\s to ! dignity ( poetry4 ,9 an age already incl9$ to %r9k f ^? high] realms :]e poetry t\*es religion & philosophy1 ! =mali/ h]esy enc\rages m5 to ta/e poetry z !y w\ld a f9e w9e1 :i* has inde$ an ae/hetic value1 b a small "o4 ,& !n ! natural man1 f9d+ an empty =m1 hurls into x ! matt] ( *eap pa?os1 rancid s5tim5t1 vulg> hum\r1 b>e lu/1 rav5\s vanity--ev]y?+ :i*1 9 ,s*ill]'s phrase1 ! =m %\ld extirpate1 b :i* no m]e =m c extirpate4 ,& ! o!r h]esy--:i* is inde$ r a practice ?an a cre$--enc\rages u 9 ! habit s de> to u ( putt+ our own ?\ghts or fancies into ! place ( ! poet's creation4 ,:at he meant by ,hamlet1 or ! ,ode to a ,night+ale1 or ,abt ,vogl]1 we say1 is ?is or t :i* we knew already2 & s we lose :at he _h to tell u4 ,b he meant :at he said1 & said :at he meant4 ,poetry 9 ?is matt] is n1 z good critics ( pa9t+ & music (t5 affirm1 diff]5t f ! o!r arts2 9 all ( !m ! cont5t is "o ?+ ) ! =m4 ,:at ,bee?ov5 meant by 8 symphony1 or ,turn] by 8 picture1 0 n some?+ :i* y c "n1 b ! picture & ! symphony4 ,mean+ !y h1 b :at mean+ c be said 9 no language b _! own3 & we "k ?is1 ?\gh "s /range delusion makes u ?9k ! mean+ has less wor? because we _c put x into words4 ,well1 x is j ! same ) poetry4 ,b because poetry is words1 we va9ly fancy t "s o!r words ?an its own w express its mean+4 ,& !y w d s no m--or1 if y l to speak loosely1 only a little m--?an words w express ! mean+ ( ! ,dresd5 ,madonna4 ,some?+ a little l x !y may inde$ express4 ,& we may f9d analogues ( ! mean+ ( poetry outside x1 :i* may help u to appropriate x4 ,! o!r arts1 ! be/ ideas ( philosophy or religion1 mu* t nature & life (f] u or =ce ^u u1 are ak9 to x4 ,b !y are only ak94 ,nor is x ! expression ( !m4 ,poetry does n pres5t to imag9ation our highe/ k or belief1 & mu* less our dreams & op9ions2 b x1 cont5t & =m 9 unity1 embodies 9 its own irreplaceable way some?+ :i* embodies itself also 9 o!r irreplaceable ways1 su* z philosophy or religion4 ,& j z ea* ( ^! gives a satisfaction :i* ! o!r _c possibly give1 s we f9d 9 poetry1 :i* _c satisfy ! ne$s !y meet1 t :i* by _! natures !y _c af=d u4 ,b we %all n f9d x fully if we look = some?+ else4 ,& n[1 :5 all is said1 ! "q w /ill recur1 ?\gh n[ 9 q ano!r s5se1 ,:at does poetry mean8 ,?is unique expression1 :i* _c be replac$ by any o!r1 /ill seems to be try+ to express some?+ beyond itself4 ,& ?is1 we feel1 is also :at ! o!r arts1 & religion1 & philosophy are try+ to express3 & t is :at impels u to seek 9 va9 to translate ! "o into ! o!r4 ,ab\t ! be/ poetry1 & n only ! be/1 !re floats an atmosph]e ( inf9ite sugge/ion4 ,! poet speaks to u ( "o ?+1 b 9 ?is "o ?+ !re seems to lurk ! secret ( all4 ,he said :at he meant1 b 8 mean+ seems to beckon away beyond itself1 or r to exp& into some?+ b\ndless1 :i* is only focuss$ 9 x2 some?+ also :i*1 we feel1 w\ld satisfy n only ! imag9ation1 b ! :ole ( u2 t some?+ )9 u1 & )\t1 :i* ev]y:]e makes u seem ,to pat* up fragm5ts ( a dream1 ,"p ( :i* comes true1 & "p ,beats & trembles 9 ! he>t4 ,^? :o are susceptible to ?is effect ( poetry f9d x n only1 p]haps n mo/1 9 ! ideals :i* %e has sometimes describ$1 b 9 a *ild's song by ,*ri/9a ,rossetti ab\t a m]e cr[n ( w9d-fl[]s1 & 9 trag$ies l ,le>1 :]e ! sun seems to h set = ev]4 ,!y he> ?is _s murmur+ its und]tone ?r\gh ! ,a5eid1 & cat* its voice 9 ! song ( ,keats's night+ale1 & its light ^u ! figures on ! ,urn1 & x pi]ces !m no less 9 ,%elley's hopeless lam5t1 ,o _w1 ,o life1 ,o "t1 ?an 9 ! raptur\s ec/asy ( 8 ,life ( ,life4 ,?is all-embrac+ p]fection _c be express$ 9 poetic words or words ( any k9d1 nor yet 9 music or 9 col\r1 b ! sugge/ion ( x is 9 mu* poetry1 if n all1 & poetry has 9 ?is sugge/ion1 ?is mean+1 a great "p ( its value4 ,we d x wrong1 & we defeat our own purposes :5 we try to b5d x to !m3 ,we d x wrong1 be+ s maje/ical1 ,to (f] x ! %[ ( viol5ce2 ,= x is z ! air invuln]able1 ,& our va9 bl[s malici\s mock]y4 ,x is a _s4 ,x comes we "k n :5ce4 ,x w n speak at our bidd+1 nor answ] 9 our language4 ,x is n our s]vant2 x is our ma/]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gh3 ,f ,ox=d ,lectures on ,poetry1 #aiji4 ,pr9t$ by c\rtesy ( ,! ,macmillan ,company4 ,,greek ,,trag$y#gi ,g4 ,,l[es ,,dick9son ,! "* ( ,greek trag$y 0 det]m9$ f ! v beg9n+ by ! fact ( its connection ) religion4 ,! season at :i* x 0 p]=m$ 0 ! fe/ival ( ,dionysus2 ab\t 8 alt> ! *orus danc$2 & ! object ( ! p]=mance 0 ! repres5tation ( sc5es out ( ! lives ( anci5t h]oes4 ,! subject ( ! drama 0 ?us /rictly prescrib$2 x mu/ be select$ out ( a cycle ( leg5ds famili> to ! audi5ce2 & :atev] fre$om might be all[$ to ! poet 9 8 treatm5t ( ! !me1 :atev] ! reflections he might embroid] ^u x1 ! speculative or e?ical views1 ! criticism ( contempor>y life1 all mu/ be subs]vi5t to ! ma9 object orig9ally propos$1 ! sett+ =?1 = edification z well z = delight1 ( "s episodes 9 ! lives ( ^? h]oes ( ! pa/ :o 7 consid]$ n only to be great] ?an _! desc5dants1 b to be ! sons ( gods & wor?y !mselves ( wor%ip z div9e4 ,by ?is fundam5tal condition ! trag$y ( ! ,greeks is di/+ui%$ %>ply1 on ! "o h& f ! ,%akespe>ian drama1 on ! o!r f ! classical drama ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! trag$ies ( ,%akespe>e are devoid1 "o might say1 or at lea/ comp>atively devoid1 ( all preconceptions4 ,he 0 free to *oose :at subject he lik$ & to treat x z he w\ld2 & no s5se ( obligation to religi\s or o!r po9ts ( view1 no feel+ = traditions desc5d$ f a sacr$ pa/ & n lightly to be h&l$ by ^? :o 7 _! tru/ees = ! future1 sob]$ or re/ra9$ = evil or = good 8 half-b>b>ic g5ius4 ,he flung himself ^u life ) ! irresponsible ard\r ( ! discov]] ( a new cont95t2 %ap$ & re-%ap$ x z he *ose2 c>v$ f x n[ ! cynicism ( ,measure = ,measure1 n[ ! despair ( ,hamlet & ( ,le>1 n[ ! radiant magnanimity ( ,! ,tempe/1 & dep>t$ leav+ beh9d him n a map or *>t1 b a s]ies ( mutually incompatible l&scapes4 ,:at ,%akespe>e gave1 9 %ort1 0 a _m-sid$ repres5tation ( life2 :at ! ,greek dramati/ gave 0 an int]pretation4 ,b an int]pretation n simply p]sonal to himself1 b repres5tative ( ! national tradition & belief4 ,! m5 ^: de$s & passions he n>rat$ 7 ! patt]ns & examples on ! "o h&1 on ! o!r ! w>n+s ( 8 race2 ! gods :o det]m9$ ! =tunes !y sang1 7 work+ /ill among m52 ! moral laws t rul$ ! pa/ rul$ ! pres5t too2 & ! hi/ory ( ! ,hell5ic race mov$1 "u a visible provid5ce1 f its div9e orig9 onw>d to an end t w\ld be prosp]\s or ! rev]se accord+ z lat] g5]ations %\ld cont9ue to obs]ve ! wor%ip & traditions ( _! fa!rs desc5d$ f h]oes & gods4 ,& x is ! fact t 9 ?is s5se x 0 repres5tative ( ! national consci\sness1 t di/+ui%es ! ,greek trag$y f ! classical drama ( ! ,fr5*4 ,= ! latt]1 ?\gh x imitat$ ! anci5ts 9 outw>d =m1 0 inspir$ ) a totally diff]5t _s4 ,! k+s & h]oes ^: =tunes x n>rat$ 7 n ! ance/ors ( ! ,fr5* race2 !y _h no root 9 its affections1 no connection ) its religi\s beliefs1 no relation to its e?ical conceptions4 ,! :ole ideal set =? 0 n t :i* really inspir$ ! nation1 b at be/ t :i* 0 suppos$ to inspire ! c\rt2 & ! :ole drama1 l a tree transplant$ to an ali5 soil1 )]s & dies = lack ( ! n\ri%m5t :i* ! trag$y ( ! ,greeks unconsci\sly imbib$ f its encompass+ air ( national tradition4 ,su* !n 0 ! g5]al "* ( ! ,greek trag$y--an int]pretation ( ! national ideal4 ,let u n[ proce$ to foll[ out "s ( ! consequ5ces involv$ 9 ?is conception4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! !me repres5t$ is ! life & fate ( anci5t h]oes--( p]sonages1 t is to say1 great] ?an ord9>y m51 bo? = good & = evil1 9 _! qualities & 9 _! a*ievem5ts1 pregnant ) fateful issues1 mak]s or m>r]s ( ! =tunes ( ! _w4 ,tragic & t]rible _! de/9y may be1 b nev] contemptible or squalid4 ,beh9d all suff]+1 beh9d s9 & crime1 mu/ lie r$eem+ magnanimity4 ,a complete villa91 says ,ari/otle1 is n a tragic "*1 = he has no hold ^u ! sympa?ies2 if he prosp]1 x is an outrage on common human feel+2 if he fall into disa/]1 x is m]ely :at he des]ves4 ,nei!r is x admissible to repres5t ! mis=tunes ( a ?or\ghly good man1 = t is m]ely pa9ful & di/ress+2 & lea/ ( all is x tol]able gratuit\sly to introduce m]e bas5ess1 or madness1 or o!r ab]rations f human nature4 ,! true tragic h]o is a man ( high place & bir? :o hav+ a nature n ignoble has fall5 into s9 & pays 9 suff]+ ! p5alty ( 8 act4 ,no?+ c\ld ?r[ m light on ! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics ( ! ,greek drama ?an ^! few rem>ks ( ,ari/otle1 & no?+ c\ld bett] indicate h[ close1 9 ! ,greek m9d1 0 ! connection betwe5 ae/hetic & e?ical judgm5ts4 ,! canon ( ,ari/otle w\ld exclude z prop] !mes = trag$y ! "* & fate1 say1 ( ,ri*>d ,,iii--! absolutely bad man suff]+ 8 appropriate des]t2 or ( ,k5t & ,cordelia--! absolutely good1 br\ght into unm]it$ affliction2 & t n m]ely because su* !mes (f5d ! moral s5se1 b because by s (f5d+ !y de/roy ! prop] pleasure ( ! tragic art4 ,! :ole ae/hetic effect is limit$ by e?ical presuppositions2 & to outrage ^! is to defeat ! v purpose ( trag$y4 ,specially int]e/+ 9 ?is connection are ! /rictures pass$ on ,euripides 9 ! passage ( ! ,frogs ( ,ari/ophanes to :i* allusion has already be5 made4 ,euripides is !re accus$ ( l[]+ ! tragic art by introduc+--:at8 ,wom5 9 love6 ,! c5tral !me ( mod]n trag$y6 ,x is ! boa/ ( ,aes*ylus t !re is n "o ( 8 plays :i* t\*es on ?is subject3 ,i nev] all['d ( y\r lewd ,/h5oboeas ,or fil?y dete/able ,pha$ras--n ,i6 ,inde$ ,i %\ld d\bt if my drama ?r\gh\t ,exhibit an in/ance ( woman 9 love6#hj ,& !re c be little d\bt t ) a ,greek audi5ce ?is w\ld c\nt to him z a m]it1 & t ! %ift+ ( ! c5tre ( int]e/ by ,euripides f ! /]n] passions ( h]oes & ( k+s to ?is t5d]] phase ( human feel+ w\ld be felt ev5 by ^? :om x *>m$ to be a decl5sion f ! height ( ! old] trag$y4 ,& to ?is limitation ( subject corresponds a limitation ( treatm5t4 ,! ,greek trag$y is compos$ f a def9ite po9t ( view1 ) ! aim n m]ely to repres5t b also to int]pret ! !me4 ,und]ly+ ! :ole con/ruction ( ! plot1 ! dialogue1 ! reflections1 ! lyric int]ludes1 is ! int5tion to illu/rate "s g5]al moral law1 "s common & typical problem1 "s fundam5tal tru?4 ,( ! eld] dramati/s at any rate1 ,aes*ylus & ,sophocles1 "o may ev5 say t x 0 _! purpose--h[ev] imp]fectly a*iev$--to ju/ify ! ways ( ,god to man4 ,to repres5t suff]+ z ! puni%m5t ( s9 is ! con/ant b5t ( ,aes*ylus2 to ju/ify ! law ( ,god aga9/ ! presumption ( man is ! c5tral idea ( ,sophocles4 ,9 ei!r case ! :ole tone is ess5tially religi\s4 ,to *oose su* a !me z ,le>1 to treat x z ,%akespe>e has treat$ x1 to leave x1 z x 71 ble$+ f a ?\s& w\nds1 9 mute & helpless entreaty = ! heal+ t is nev] to be v\*saf$--?is w\ld h be5 repulsive1 if n impossible1 to a ,greek trag$ian4 ,)\t ev] desc5d+ f concrete art to ! ab/ractions ( m]e moralis+1 )\t ev] attempt+ to sub/itute a v]bal =mula = ! full & complex p]ception t gr[s out ( a repres5tation ( life1 ! anci5t dramati/s 7 nev]!less1 9 ! :ole appreh5sion ( _! !me1 det]m9$ by a m or less consci\s speculative bias2 ! _w to !m 0 n m]ely a spl5did *aos1 x 0 a div9e plan2 & ev5 9 its d>ke/ holl[s1 its passes mo/ p]il\s & bleak1 !y h _! h&1 ?\gh d\btful p]haps & falt]+1 ^u ! clue t is to lead !m up to ! op5 sky4 ,x is consonant ) ?is acc\nt ( ! nature ( ,greek trag$y t x %\ld h laid m /ress ^u action ?an ^u "*4 ,! int]e/ 0 c5tr$ on ! univ]sal be>+ ( c]ta9 acts & situations1 on ! light :i* ! exp]i5ce repres5t$ ?rew on ! :ole t5d5cy & c\rse ( human life1 n on ! s5tim5ts & motives ( ! p>ticul> p]sonages introduc$4 ,! *>act]s are broad & simple1 n develop+ = ! mo/ "p1 b fix$1 & fitt$ !re=e to be ! m$iums ( direct action1 ( simple issues1 & typical situations4 ,9 ! ,greek trag$y ! g5]al po9t ( view pr$om9ates ov] ! idiosyncrasies ( p>ticul> p]sons4 ,x is human nature t is repres5t$ 9 ! broad1 n ?is or t highly specialis$ v>iation2 & :at we h indicat$ z ! g5]al aim1 ! int]pretation ( life1 is nev] obscur$ by ! pr$om9ance ( exceptional & s to speak1 accid5tal *>act]i/ics4 ,man is ! subject ( ! ,greek drama2 ! subject ( ! mod]n novel is ,tom & ,dick4 ,f9ally1 to ! realisation ( ?is g5]al aim1 ! :ole =m ( ! ,greek drama 0 admirably adapt$4 ,x consi/$ v l>gely ( conv]sations betwe5 two p]sons1 repres5t+ two oppos$ po9ts ( view1 & giv+ occasion = an almo/ sci5tific discussion ( e problem ( action rais$ 9 ! play2 & betwe5 ^! conv]sations 7 ins]t$ lyric odes 9 :i* ! *orus comm5t$ on ! situation1 be/[$ advice or w>n+1 praise or blame1 & f9ally summ$ up ! moral ( ! :ole4 ,?r\gh ! *orus1 9 fact1 ! poet c\ld speak 9 8 own p]son1 & impose ^u ! :ole trag$y any tone :i* he desir$4 ,p]iodically he c\ld drop ! dramati/ & assume ! prea*]2 & ?us ensure t 8 play %\ld be1 :at we h se5 0 its recognis$ ideal1 n m]ely a repres5tation b an int]pretation ( life4 ,b ?is )\t ceas+ to be a "w ( art4 ,9 attempt+ to analyse 9 ab/ract t]ms ! g5]al "* ( ! ,greek trag$y we h necess>ily ?r[n into ! %ade :at aft] all 0 its prim>y & mo/ ess5tial aspect2 an aspect1 h[ev]1 ( :i* a full appreciation c\ld only be atta9$ n by a m]e p]usal ( ! te/1 b by :at is un=tunately = ev] beyond our p[]1 ! witness+ ( an actual repres5tation z x 0 giv5 on ! ,greek /age4 ,= f a purely ae/hetic po9t ( view ! ,greek drama mu/ be reckon$ among ! mo/ p]fect ( art =ms4 ,tak+ place 9 ! op5 air1 on ! sunny slope ( a hill1 valley & pla9 or isl&$ sea /ret*+ away bel[ to meet ! blaz+ blue ( a cl\dless sky1 ! mov+ pageant1 ?us f ! fir/ set 9 tune ) nature1 br\ght to a focus ( spl5d\r ! rays ( e sep>ate art4 ,m ak9 to an op]a ?an to a play x _h1 z its basis1 music4 ,= ! drama _h develop$ out ( ! lyric ode1 & reta9$ ?r\gh\t :at 0 at fir/ its only elem5t1 ! dance & song ( a mimetic *orus4 ,by ?is c5tre ( rhy?mic motion & pregnant melody ! burd5 ( ! tale 0 caught up & e*o$ & e*o$ aga91 z ! liv+ globe divid$ into sph]es ( answ]+ song1 ! cle> & precise significance ( ! plot1 nev] obscure to ! head1 be+ ?us br\ght home 9 music to ! passion ( ! he>t1 ! idea embodi$ 9 lyric v]se1 ! v]se transfigur$ by song1 & song & v]se reflect$ z 9 a mirror to ! eye by ! sw+ & beat ( ! limbs !y /irr$ to consonance ( motion4 ,& :ile su* 0 ! "* ( ! odes t broke ! action ( ! play1 ! action itself 0 an appeal n less to ! e> & to ! eye ?an to ! passion & ! intellect4 ,! circum/ances ( ! repres5tation1 ! huge auditorium 9 ! op5 air1 l5t !mselves less to act+ 9 our s5se ( ! t]m1 ?an to attitude & declamation4 ,! actors rais$ on high boots above _! natural height1 _! faces hidd5 9 masks & _! tones me*anically magnifi$1 mu/ h reli$ = _! effects n ^u facial play1 or rapid & subtle v>iations ( voice & ge/ure1 b ^u a c]ta9 /atuesque beauty ( pose1 & a *ant+ intonation ( t maje/ic iambic v]se ^: measure w\ld h be5 obscur$ by a rapid & conv]sational deliv]y4 ,! repres5tation w\ld ?us become mov+ sculpture to ! eye1 & to ! e>1 z x 71 a sleep ( music betwe5 ! int5s] int]ludes ( ! *orus2 & ! spectator )\t be+ drawn away by an imitative realism f ! calm ( impassion$ contemplation into ! fev] & fret ( a v]itable actor on ! sc5e1 receiv$ an impression bas$ ?r\gh\t on t cle> intellectual f\ndation1 t almo/ prosaic lucidity ( s5tim5t & plot1 :i* is pres]v$ to u 9 ! writt5 text1 b rais$ by ! accompany+ appeal to ! s5se1 made z x mu/ h be5 made by su* arti/s z ! ,greeks1 by ! gr\p+ ( =ms & col\rs1 ! recitative1 ! dance & ! song1 to su* a greatness & height ( ae/hetic significance z c h>dly h be5 realis$ by any o!r =m ( art production4 ,! ne>e/ mod]n analogy to :at ! anci5t drama mu/ h be5 is to be f\nd probably 9 ! op]as ( ,wagn]1 :o inde$ 0 /rongly influ5c$ by ! trag$y ( ! ,greeks4 ,x 0 8 ideal l !irs1 to comb9e ! v>i\s bran*es ( art1 employ+ n only music b poetry1 sculpture1 pa9t+ & ! dance1 = ! repres5tation ( 8 dramatic !me2 & 8 conception also to make art ! int]pret] ( life1 reflect+ 9 a national drama ! national consci\sness1 ! highe/ action & ! deepe/ passion & ?\ght ( ! ,g]man race4 ,to consid] h[ f> 9 ?is attempt he falls %ort ( or goes beyond ! a*ievem5t ( ! ,greeks1 & to exam9e ! wide dissimil>ities t und]lie ! g5]al id5tity ( aim1 w\ld be to w&] too f> afield f our pres5t !me4 ,b ! comp>ison may be recomm5d$ to ^? :o are anxi\s to =m a concrete idea ( :at ! effect ( a ,greek trag$y may h be51 & to clo! 9 imag9ation ! dead bones ( ! lit]>y text ) ! fle% & blood ( a repres5tation to ! s5se4 ,meantime1 to assi/ ! read] to realise ) some:at great] precision ! be>+ ( ! =ego+ rem>ks1 x may be wor? :ile to give an outl9e sket* ( "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! ,greek trag$ies1 ! ,agamemnon ( ,aes*ylus4 ,! h]o ( ! drama belongs to t h]oic h\se ^: tragic hi/ory 0 among ! mo/ t]rible & ! mo/ famili> to a ,greek audi5ce4 ,tantalus1 ! f\nd] ( ! family1 = "s (f5ce aga9/ ! gods1 0 suff]+ 9 ,hades ! puni%m5t :i* is *ri/5$ by 8 "n4 ,8 son ,pelops 0 /a9$ ) ! blood ( ,myrtilus4 ,( ! two sons ( ! next g5]ation1 ,?ye/es s$uc$ ! wife ( 8 bro!r ,atreus2 & ,atreus 9 return kill$ ! sons ( ,?ye/es1 & made ! fa!r unwitt+ly eat ! fle% ( ! murd]$ boys4 ,agamemnon1 son ( ,atreus1 to propitiate ,artemis1 sacrific$ 8 daught] ,iphig5ia1 & 9 rev5ge 0 murd]$ by ,clytemne/ra 8 wife4 ,& ,clytemne/ra 0 kill$ by ,ore/es1 h] son1 9 atonem5t = ! dea? ( ,agamemnon4 ,= g5]ations ! race _h be5 dogg$ by crime & puni%m5t2 & 9 *oos+ = 8 !me ! murd] ( ,agamemnon ! dramati/ c\ld assume 9 8 audi5ce s close a famili>ity ) ! pa/ hi/ory ( ! ,h\se t he c\ld call into exi/5ce by an allusive ^w t sombre backgr\nd ( woe to enhance ! t]rors ( 8 actual pres5tation4 ,! figures he br\ght into vivid relief jo9$ h&s ) m5ac+ =ms t fad$ away into ! night ( ! future & ! pa/2 :ile above !m hung1 inton+ doom1 ! phantom ho/ ( ,furies4 ,yet at ! outset ( ! drama all promises well4 ,! wat*man on ! ro( ( ! palace1 9 ! t5? ye> ( 8 wat*1 cat*es sight at la/ ( ! signal fire t ann\nces ! capture ( ,troy & ! spe$y return ( ,agamemnon4 ,) joy he proclaims to ! ,h\se ! long-delay$ & welcome news2 yet ev5 9 ! mom5t ( exultation lets slip a d\btful phrase h9t+ at some?+ beh9d1 :i* he d>es n "n1 some?+ :i* may turn to despair ! triumph ( victory4 ,h]eupon ent] ! *orus ( ,argive eld]s1 *ant+ z !y move to ! measure ( a /ately m>*4 ,!y s+ h[ t5 ye>s be=e ,agamemnon & ,m5elaus _h l$ =? ! ho/ ( ,greece1 at ! bidd+ ( ! ,zeus :o protects hospitality1 to recov] = ,m5elaus ,hel5 8 wife1 trea*]\sly /ol5 by ,p>is4 ,!n1 z !y take _! places & beg9 _! rhy?mic dance1 9 a /ra9 ( impassion$ v]se t is at once a n>rative & a lyric hymn1 !y tell1 or r pres5t 9 a s]ies ( vivid images1 fla%+ z by illum9ation ( lightn+ out ( a night ( veil$ & sombre bod+1 ! tale ( ! de$ t d>k5$ ! />t+ ( ! ho/--! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia to ! goddess ^: wra? 0 delay+ ! fleet at ,aulis4 ,9 v]se1 9 music1 9 pantomime1 ! sc5e lives aga9--! /ruggle 9 ! fa!r's he>t1 ! insi/5ce ( 8 bro!r *iefs1 ! pite\s glance ( ! girl1 & at la/ ! unutt]able end2 :ile above & ?r\gh x all r+s l a knell ( fate ! refra9 t is ! motive ( ! :ole drama3 ,s+ woe1 s+ woe1 b may ! ,good prevail4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! ode ent]s ,clytemne/ra4 ,%e makes a =mal ann\ncem5t to ! *orus ( ! fall ( ,troy2 describes ! c\rse ( ! signal-fire f beacon to beacon z x sp$1 & pictures 9 imag9ation ! sc5es ev5 !n tak+ place 9 ! doom$ city4 ,on h] )drawal ! *orus break once m into song & dance4 ,to ! music ( a solemn hymn !y po9t ! moral ( ! fall ( ,troy1 ! c]ta9 doom ( viol5ce & fraud desc5d$ ^u ,p>is & 8 ,h\se4 ,once m ! vivid pictures fla% f ! night ( woe--,hel5 9 h] fatal beauty /epp+ lightly to h] doom1 ! wid[]'s nights ( m\rn+ haunt$ by ! gho/ ( love1 ! horrors ( ! w> t foll[$1 ! sla9 abroad & ! m\rn]s at home1 ! *ange ( liv+ fle% & blood = ! du/ & a%es ( ! tomb4 ,at la/ ) a return to _! orig9al !me1 ! doom ( insol5ce1 ! *orus close _! ode & ann\nce ! arrival ( a mess5g] f ,troy4 ,tal?ybius1 ! h]ald1 ent]s z spokesman ( ! army & k+1 describ+ ! h>d%ips !y h suff]$ & ! joy ( ! triumphant issue4 ,to him ,clytemne/ra ann\nces1 9 words ( :i* ! irony is pat5t to ! audi5ce1 h] suff]+s 9 ! abs5ce ( h] husb& & h] delight at ! prospect ( 8 return4 ,he w f9d h]1 %e says1 z he left h]1 a fai?ful wat*] ( ! home1 h] loyalty sure1 h] hon\r undefil$4 ,!n foll[s ano!r *oral ode1 simil> 9 !me to ! la/1 dwell+ on ! woe br\ght by ! act ( ,p>is ^u ,troy1 ! *ange ( ! bridal song to ! trump ( w> & ! dirge ( dea?2 contra/+1 9 a pr(usion ( spl5did tropes1 ! beauty ( ,hel5 ) ! curse to :i* x is b\nd2 & insi/+ once m on ! doom t att5ds insol5ce & pride4 ,at ! conclusion ( ?is song ! measure *anges to a m>*1 & ! *orus turn to welcome ! triumphant k+4 ,agamemnon ent]s1 & beh9d him ! veil$ & sil5t figure ( a woman4 ,aft] greet+ ! gods ( 8 ,h\se1 ! ,k+1 9 brief & /ilt$ phrase1 ackn[l$ges ! loyalty ( ! *orus1 b h9ts at mu* t is amiss :i* x mu/ be 8 fir/ *>ge to set "r4 ,h]eupon ent]s ,clytemne/ra1 & 9 a spee* ( rhetorical exagg]ation tells ( h] anxi\s wait+ = h] "l & h] inexpressible joy at 8 return4 ,9 conclusion %e directs t purple clo? be spread ^u 8 pa? t he may ent] ! h\se z befits a conqu]or4 ,aft] a %[ ( resi/ance1 ,agamemnon yields ! po9t1 & ! contra/ at :i* ! dramati/ aims is a*iev$4 ,) ! pomp ( an ea/]n mon>*1 always repell5t to ! ,greek m9d1 ! ,k+ /eps across ! ?re%old1 /eps1 z ! audi5ce kn[s1 to 8 dea?4 ,! high] ! rea* ( 8 p[] & pride ! m t]rible & swift is ! nemesis2 & ,clytemne/ra foll[s 9 triumph ) ! enigmatic cry ^u h] lips3 ,zeus :o art god ( fulfilm5t1 fulfil my pray]s4 ,z %e )draws ! *orus beg9 a song ( bod+ fe>1 ! m t]rible t x is /ill indef9ite4 ,some?+ is go+ to happ5--! pres5tim5t is sure4 ,b :at1 b :at8 ,!y se>* ! night 9 va94 ,meantime1 motionless & sil5t waits ! figure ( ! veil$ woman4 ,x is ,cass&ra1 ! prophetess1 daught] ( ,priam ( ,troy1 :om ,agamemnon has c>ri$ home z 8 prize4 ,clytemne/ra returns to urge h] to ent] ! h\se2 %e makes no sign & utt]s no ^w4 ,! que5 *anges h] tone f c\rtesy to ang] & rebuke2 ! figure nei!r /irs nor speaks2 & ,clytemne/ra at la/ ) an angry ?reat leaves h] & returns to ! palace4 ,!n1 & n till !n1 a cry breaks f ! /rang]'s lips1 a passionate cry to ,apollo :o gave h] h] fatal gift4 ,all ! sombre hi/ory ( ! ,h\se to :i* %e has be5 br\ght1 ! woe t has be5 & ! woe t is to come1 passes 9 pictures across h] inn] s5se4 ,9 a s]ies ( brok5 ejaculations1 n s5t5ces b lyric cries1 %e evokes ! sc5es ( ! pa/ & ( ! future4 ,blood drips f ! palace2 9 its *amb]s ! ,furies cr\*2 ! murd]$ sons ( ,?ye/es wail 9 its haunt$ c\rts2 & ev] among ! visions ( ! pa/ t "o ( ! future floats & fades1 cle>ly disc]n$1 impossible to av]t1 ! murd] ( a husb& by a wife2 & 9 ! re> ( t1 mo/ pitiful ( all1 ! viol5t dea? ( ! se] :o sees 9 va9 & may n help4 ,betwe5 ,cass&ra & ! ,*orus x is a duet ( angui% & fe>2 9 ! brok5 lyric phrases a phantom music wails2 till at la/1 at :at seems ! break+-po9t1 ! t5sion is relax$1 & dropp+ into ! calm] iambic recitative1 ,cass&ra tells h] message 9 pla9] spee* & cle>ly proclaims ! murd] ( ! ,k+4 ,!n1 ) a la/ appeal to ! av5g] t is to come1 %e ent]s ! palace alone to meet h] dea?4--,! /age is empty4 ,sudd5ly a cry is he>d f )92 aga91 & !n aga92 :ile ! *orus hesitate ! de$ is done2 ! doors are ?r[n op51 & ,clytemne/ra is se5 /&+ ov] ! corpses ( h] victims4 ,all disguise is n[ ?r[n (f2 ! murd]ess av[s & triumphs 9 h] de$2 %e ju/ifies x z v5geance = ! sacrifice ( ,iphig5ia1 & sees 9 h]self n a free human ag5t b ! inc>nate curse ( ! ,h\se ( ,tantalus4 ,& n[ = ! fir/ "t appe>s ! adult]] ,aegi/hus1 :o has plann$ ! :ole beh9d ! sc5es4 ,he too is an av5g]1 = he is ! son ( t ,?ye/es :o 0 made to fe$ on 8 own *ildr5's fle%4 ,! murd] ( ,agamemnon is b "o m l9k 9 ! long *a9 ( h]$it>y guilt2 & ) t exposition ( ! pitiless law ( puni%m5t & crime ?is *apt] ( ! great drama comes to a close4 ,b ! ,agamemnon is only ! fir/ ( a s]ies ( ?ree plays closely connect$ & meant to be p]=m$ 9 succession2 & ! problem rais$ 9 ! fir/ ( !m1 ! crime t cries = puni%m5t & ! puni%m5t t is itself a new crime1 is solv$ 9 ! la/ by a reconciliation ( ! p[]s ( heav5 & hell1 & ! p>don ( ! la/ (f5d] 9 ! p]son ( ,ore/es4 ,to sket*1 h[ev]1 ! plan ( ! o!r dramas ( ! trilogy w\ld be to trespass too f> ^u our space & "t4 ,x is en\gh to h illu/rat$1 by ! example ( ! ,agamemnon1 ! g5]al "* ( a ,greek trag$y2 & ^? :o c>e to pursue ! subject fur!r mu/ be ref]r$ to ! text ( ! plays !mselves4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gi3 ,f ,! ,greek ,view ( ,life1 #aiji 7six? edition74 ,by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,d\bl$ay1 ,page ,co4 ,footnote #hj3 ,f ,ari/ophanes' ,frogs1 l4 #ajdc4 ,translat$ by ,fr]e4 ,,%akespe>e#ha ,,?omas ,,c>lyle ,z ,dante1 ! ,italian man1 0 s5t into our _w to embody musically ! ,religion ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ! ,religion ( our ,mod]n ,europe1 its ,inn] ,life2 s ,%akespe>e1 we may say1 embodies = u ! ,out] ,life ( our ,europe z develop$ !n1 its *ivalries1 c\rtesies1 hum\rs1 ambitions1 :at practical way ( ?9k+1 act+1 look+ at ! _w1 m5 !n _h4 ,z 9 ,hom] we may /ill con/rue ,old ,greece2 s 9 ,%akespe>e & ,dante1 aft] ?\s&s ( ye>s1 :at our mod]n ,europe 01 9 ,fai? & 9 ,practice1 w /ill be legible4 ,dante has giv5 u ! ,fai? or s\l2 ,%akespe>e1 9 a n less noble way1 has giv5 u ! ,practice or body4 ,?is latt] also we 7 to h2 a man 0 s5t = x1 ! man ,%akespe>e4 ,j :5 t *ivalry way ( life _h rea*$ its la/ f9i%1 & 0 on ! po9t ( break+ d[n into sl[ or swift dissolution1 z we n[ see x ev]y:]e1 ?is o!r sov]eign ,poet1 ) 8 see+ eye1 ) 8 p]5nial s++ voice1 0 s5t to take note ( x1 to give long-endur+ record ( x4 ,two fit m53 ,dante1 deep1 fi]ce z ! c5tral fire ( ! _w2 ,%akespe>e1 wide1 placid1 f>-see+1 z ! ,sun1 ! upp] light ( ! _w4 ,italy produc$ ! "o _w-voice2 we ,engli% _h ! hon\r ( produc+ ! o!r4 ,curi\s en\gh h[1 z x 7 by m]e accid5t1 ?is man came to u4 ,i ?9k always1 s great1 quiet1 complete & self-suffic+ is ?is ,%akespe>e1 _h ! ,w>wick%ire ,squire n prosecut$ him = de]-/eal+1 we _h p]haps nev] he>d ( him z a ,poet6 ,! woods & skies1 ! ru/ic ,life ( ,man 9 ,/rat=d !re1 _h be5 en\gh = ?is man6 ,b inde$ t /range outbudd+ ( our :ole ,engli% ,exi/5ce1 :i* we call ! ,elizabe?an ,era1 did n x too come z ( its own accord8 ,! ,tree ,igdrasil buds & )]s by its own laws1--too deep = our scann+4 ,yet x does bud & )]1 & e b\gh & leaf ( x is !re1 by fix$ et]nal laws2 n a ,sir ,?omas ,lucy b comes at ! h\r fit = him4 ,curi\s1 ,i say1 & n suffici5tly consid]$3 h[ ev]y?+ does co-op]ate ) all2 n a leaf rott+ on ! highway b is indissoluble portion ( sol> & /ell> sy/ems2 no ?\ght1 ^w or act ( man b has sprung )al out ( all m51 & works soon] or lat]1 recognisably or irrecognisably1 on all m56 ,x is all a ,tree3 circulation ( sap & influ5ces1 mutual communication ( e m9ute/ leaf ) ! l[e/ talon ( a root1 ) e o!r greate/ & m9ute/ portion ( ! :ole4 ,! ,tree ,igdrasil1 t has its roots d[n 9 ! ,k+doms ( ,hela & ,dea?1 & ^: b\ghs ov]spread ! highe/ ,heav56 ,9 "s s5se x may be said t ?is glori\s ,elizabe?an ,era ) its ,%akespe>e1 z ! outcome & fl[]age ( all :i* _h prec$$ x1 is itself attributable to ! ,ca?olicism ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fai?1 :i* 0 ! !me ( ,dante's ,song1 _h produc$ ?is ,practical ,life :i* ,%akespe>e 0 to s+4 ,= ,religion !n1 z x n[ & always is1 0 ! s\l ( ,practice2 ! prim>y vital fact 9 m5's life4 ,& rem>k "h1 z r curi\s1 t ,middle-,age ,ca?olicism 0 aboli%$1 s f> z ,acts ( ,p>liam5t c\ld aboli% x1 be=e ,%akespe>e1 ! noble/ product ( x1 made 8 appe>ance4 ,he did make 8 appe>ance nev]!less4 ,nature at h] own "t1 ) ,ca?olicism or :at else might be necess>y1 s5t him =?2 tak+ small ?\ght ( ,acts ( ,p>liam5t4 ,k+-,h5rys1 ,que5-,elizabe?s g _! way2 & ,nature too goes h]s4 ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 on ! :ole1 are small1 not)/&+ ! noise !y make4 ,:at ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 debate at ,/4 ,/eph5's1#hb on ! hu/+s or else:]e1 0 x t br\ght ?is ,%akespe>e into be+8 ,no d9+ at ,freemasons' ,tav]n1 op5+ subscription-li/s1 sell+ ( %>es1 & inf9ite o!r jangl+ & true or false endeav\r+6 ,?is ,elizabe?an ,era1 & all its nobl5ess & bless$ness1 came )\t proclamation1 prep>ation ( ours4 ,priceless ,%akespe>e 0 ! free gift ( ,nature2 giv5 altoge!r sil5tly2 receiv$ altoge!r sil5tly1 z if x _h be5 a ?+ ( little acc\nt4 ,& yet1 v lit]ally1 x is a priceless ?+4 ,"o %\ld look at t side ( matt]s too4 ,( ?is ,%akespe>e ( ours1 p]haps ! op9ion "o sometimes he>s a little idolatr\sly express$ is1 9 fact1 ! "r "o2 ,i ?9k ! be/ judgm5t n ( ?is c\ntry only3 b ( ,europe at l>ge1 is sl[ly po9t+ to ! conclusion1 ,t ,%akespe>e is ! *ief ( all ,poets hi!rto2 ! greate/ intellect :o1 9 our record$ _w1 has left record ( himself 9 ! way ( ,lit]ature4 ,on ! :ole1 ,i "k n su* a p[] ( vision1 su* a faculty ( ?\ght1 if we take all ! *>act]s ( x1 9 any o!r man4 ,su* a calmness ( dep?2 placid joy\s /r5g?2 all ?+s imag$ 9 t great s\l ( 8 s true & cle>1 z 9 a tranquil unfa?omable sea6 ,x has be5 said1 t 9 ! con/ruct+ ( ,%akespe>e's ,dramas !re is1 ap>t f all o!r faculties z !y are call$1 an und]/&+ manife/$1 equal to t 9 ,bacon's ,novum ,organum4 ,t is true2 & x is n a tru? t /rikes e "o4 ,x w\ld become m app>5t if we tri$1 any ( u = himself1 h[1 out ( ,%akespe>e's dramatic mat]ials1 we c\ld fa%ion su* a result6 ,! built h\se seems all s fit1--ev]yway z x %\ld be1 z if x came !re by its own law & ! nature ( ?+s1--we =get ! rude disord]ly qu>ry x 0 %ap$ f4 ,! v p]fection ( ! h\se1 z if ,nature h]self _h made x1 hides ! build]'s m]it4 ,p]fect1 m p]fect ?an any o!r man1 we may call ,%akespe>e 9 ?is3 he disc]ns1 kn[s z by in/9ct1 :at condition he works "u1 :at 8 mat]ials are1 :at 8 own =ce & its relation to !m is4 ,x is n a transitory glance ( insight t w suffice2 x is delib]ate illum9ation ( ! :ole matt]2 x is a calmly see+ eye2 a great intellect1 9 %ort4 ,h[ a man1 ( "s wide ?+ t he has witness$1 w con/ruct a n>rative1 :at k9d ( picture & del9eation he w give ( x--is ! be/ measure y c\ld get ( :at intellect is 9 ! man4 ,:i* circum/ance is vital & %all /& prom95t2 :i* uness5tial1 fit to be suppress$2 :]e is ! true beg9n+1 ! true sequ5ce & end+8 ,to f9d out ?is1 y task ! :ole =ce ( insight t is 9 ! man4 ,he mu/ und]/& ! ?+2 accord+ to ! dep? ( 8 und]/&+1 w ! fitness ( 8 answ] be4 ,y w try him s4 ,does l jo9 itself to l2 does ! _s ( me?od /ir 9 t confusion1 s t its embroilm5t becomes ord]8 ,c ! man say1 ,fiat lux1 ,let !re be light2 & out ( *aos make a _w8 ,precisely z !re is light 9 himself1 w he accompli% ?is4 ,or inde$ we may say aga91 x is 9 :at ,i call$ ,portrait-pa9t+1 del9eat+ ( m5 & ?+s1 especially ( m51 t ,%akespe>e is great4 ,all ! greatness ( ! man comes out decisively "h4 ,x is unexampl$1 ,i ?9k1 t calm creative p]spicacity ( ,%akespe>e4 ,! ?+ he looks at reveals n ?is or t face ( x1 b its inmo/ he>t1 & g5]ic secret3 x dissolves itself z 9 light be=e him1 s t he disc]ns ! p]fect /ructure ( x4 ,creative1 we said3 poetic creation1 :at is ?is too b see+ ! ?+ suffici5tly8 ,! ^w t w describe ! ?+1 foll[s ( itself f su* cle> int5se sight ( ! ?+4 ,& is n ,%akespe>e's morality1 8 val\r1 c&\r1 tol]ance1 tru?fulness2 8 :ole victori\s /r5g? & greatness1 :i* c triumph ov] su* ob/ructions1 visible !re too8 ,great z ! _w6 ,no twi/$1 poor convex-concave mirror1 reflect+ all objects ) its own convexities & concavities2 a p]fectly level mirror--t is to say )al1 if we w und]/& x1 a man ju/ly relat$ to all ?+s & m51 a good man4 ,x is truly a lordly spectacle h[ ?is great s\l takes-9 all k9ds ( m5 & objects1 a ,fal/aff1 an ,o!llo1 a ,juliet1 a ,coriolanus2 sets !m all =? to u 9 _! r\nd complet5ess2 lov+1 j1 ! equal bro!r ( all4 ,novum ,organum1 & all ! intellect y w f9d 9 ,bacon1 is ( a q second>y ord]2 e>?y1 mat]ial1 poor 9 comp>ison ) ?is4 ,among mod]n m51 "o f9ds1 9 /rictness1 almo/ no?+ ( ! same rank4 ,goe! alone1 s9ce ! days ( ,%akespe>e1 rem9ds me ( x4 ,( him too y say t he saw ! object2 y may say :at he himself says ( ,%akespe>e3 ,8 *>act]s are l wat*es ) dial-plates ( transp>5t cry/al2 !y %[ y ! h\r l o!rs1 & ! inw>d me*anism also is all visible4 ,! see+ eye6 ,x is ?is t discloses ! inn] h>mony ( ?+s2 :at ,nature meant1 :at musical idea ,nature has wrapp$-up 9 ^! (t5 r\gh embodim5ts4 ,some?+ %e did mean4 ,to ! see+ eye t some?+ 7 disc]nible4 ,are !y base1 mis]able ?+s8 ,y c laugh ov] !m1 y c weep ov] !m2 y c 9 "s way or o!r g5ially relate y\rself to !m--y c1 at l[e/1 hold y\r peace ab\t !m1 turn away y\r own & o!rs' face f !m1 till ! h\r come = practically ext]m9at+ & ext+ui%+ !m6 ,at bottom1 x is ! ,poet's fir/ gift1 z x is all m5's1 t he h intellect en\gh4 ,he w be a ,poet if he h3 a ,poet 9 ^w2 or fail+ t1 p]haps /ill bett]1 a ,poet 9 act4 ,:e!r he write at all1 & if s1 :e!r 9 prose or 9 v]se1 w dep5d on accid5ts3 :o kn[s on :at extremely trivial accid5ts1--p]haps on 8 hav+ _h a s++-ma/]1 on 8 be+ taught to s+ 9 8 boyhood6 ,b ! faculty :i* enables him to disc]n ! inn] he>t ( ?+s1 & ! h>mony t dwells !re 7= :atsoev] exi/s has a h>mony 9 ! he>t ( x1 or x w\ld n hold toge!r & exi/71 is n ! result ( habits or accid5ts1 b ! gift ( ,nature h]self2 ! prim>y outfit = a ,h]oic ,man 9 :at sort soev]4 ,to ! ,poet1 z to e o!r1 we say fir/ ( all ,see4 ,if y _c d t1 x is ( no use to keep /r++ rhymes toge!r1 j+l+ s5sibilities aga9/ ea* o!r1 & "n y\rself a ,poet2 !re is no hope = y4 ,if y c1 !re is1 9 prose or v]se1 9 action or speculation1 all mann] ( hope4 ,! crabb$ old ,s*oolma/] us$ to ask1 :5 !y br\ght him a new pupil1 ,b are ye sure he's n a dunce8 ,:y1 really "o might ask ! same ?+1 9 reg>d to e man propos$ = :atsoev] function2 & consid] x z ! "o inquiry ne$ful3 ,are ye sure he's n a dunce8 ,!re is1 9 ?is _w1 no o!r entirely fatal p]son4 ,=1 9 fact1 ,i say ! degree ( vision t dwells 9 a man is a correct measure ( ! man4 ,if call$ to def9e ,%akespe>e's faculty1 ,i %\ld say sup]iority ( ,intellect1 & ?9k ,i _h includ$ all "u t4 ,:at inde$ are faculties8 ,we talk ( faculties z if !y 7 di/9ct1 ?+s sep>able2 z if a man _h intellect1 imag9ation1 fancy1 etc41 z he has h&s1 feet & arms4 ,t is a capital error4 ,!n aga91 we he> ( a man's intellectual nature1 & ( 8 moral nature1 z if ^! aga9 7 divisible1 & exi/$ ap>t4 ,necessities ( language d p]haps prescribe su* =ms ( utt]ance2 we mu/ speak1 ,i am aw>e1 9 t way1 if we are to speak at all4 ,b words ought n to h>d5 into ?+s = u4 ,x seems to me1 our appreh5sion ( ?is matt] is1 = mo/ "p1 radically falsifi$ !reby4 ,we ought to "k )al1 & to keep =ev] 9 m9d1 t ^! divisions are at bottom b names2 t man's spiritual nature1 ! vital ,=ce :i* dwells 9 him1 is ess5tially "o & indivisible2 t :at we call imag9ation1 fancy1 und]/&+1 & s =?1 are b diff]5t figures ( ! same ,p[] ( ,insight1 all indissolubly connect$ ) ea* o!r1 physiognomically relat$2 t if we knew "o ( !m1 we might "k all ( !m4 ,morality itself1 :at we call ! moral quality ( a man1 :at is ?is b ano!r side ( ! "o vital ,=ce :]eby he is & works8 ,all t a man does is physiognomical ( him4 ,y may see h[ a man w\ld fight1 by ! way 9 :i* he s+s2 8 c\rage1 or want ( c\rage1 is visible 9 ! ^w he utt]s1 9 ! op9ion he has =m$1 no less ?an 9 ! /roke he /rikes4 ,he is "o2 & prea*es ! same ,self abroad 9 all ^! ways4 ,)\t h&s a man might h feet1 & c\ld /ill walk3 b1 consid] x--)\t morality1 intellect 7 impossible = him2 a ?or\ghly immoral man c\ld n "k any?+ at all6 ,to "k a ?+1 :at we c call kn[+1 a man mu/ fir/ love ! ?+1 sympa?ise ) x3 t is1 be virtu\sly relat$ to x4 ,if he h n ! ju/ice to put d[n 8 own selfi%ness at e turn1 ! c\rage to /& by ! dang]\s true at e turn1 h[ %all he "k8 ,8 virtues1 all ( !m1 w lie record$ 9 8 k4 ,nature1 ) h] tru?1 rema9s to ! bad1 to ! selfi% & ! pusillanim\s =ev] a seal$ book3 :at su* c "k ( ,nature is mean1 sup]ficial1 small2 = ! uses ( ! day m]ely4 ,b does n ! v ,fox "k some?+ ( ,nature8 ,exactly s3 x kn[s :]e ! geese lodge6 ,! human ,reyn>d1 v frequ5t ev]y:]e 9 ! _w1 :at m does he "k b ?is & ! l ( ?is8 ,nay1 x %\ld be consid]$ too1 t if ! ,fox _h n a c]ta9 vulp9e morality1 he c\ld n ev5 "k :]e ! geese 71 or get at ! geese6 ,if he sp5t 8 "t 9 spl5etic atrabili> reflections on 8 own mis]y1 8 ill usage by ,nature1 ,=tune & o!r ,foxes1 & s =?2 & _h n c\rage1 promptitude1 practicality1 & o!r suitable vulp9e gifts & graces1 he w\ld cat* no geese4 ,we may say ( ! ,fox too1 t 8 morality & insight are ( ! same dim5sions2 diff]5t faces ( ! same int]nal unity ( vulp9e life6 ,^! ?+s are wor? /at+2 = ! contr>y ( !m acts ) manifold v baleful p]v]sion1 9 ?is "t3 :at limitations1 modifications !y require1 y\r own c&\r w supply4 ,if ,i say1 !re=e1 t ,%akespe>e is ! greate/ ( ,intellects1 ,i h said all conc]n+ him4 ,b !re is m 9 ,%akespe>e's intellect ?an we h yet se54 ,x is :at ,i call an unconsci\s intellect2 !re is m virtue 9 x ?an he himself is aw>e (4 ,novalis beautifully rem>ks ( him1 t ^? ,dramas ( 8 are ,products ( ,nature too1 deep z ,nature h]self4 ,i f9d a great tru? 9 ?is say+4 ,%akespe>e's ,art is n ,artifice2 ! noble/ wor? ( x is n !re by plan or precontrivance4 ,x gr[s-up f ! deeps ( ,nature1 ?r\gh ?is noble s9c]e s\l1 :o is a voice ( ,nature4 ,! late/ g5]ations ( m5 w f9d new mean+s 9 ,%akespe>e1 new elucidations ( _! own human be+2 new h>monies ) ! inf9ite /ructure ( ! ,univ]se2 concurr5ces ) lat] ideas1 aff9ities ) ! high] p[]s & s5ses ( man4 ,?is well des]ves m$itat+4 ,x is ,nature's highe/ rew>d to a true simple great s\l1 t he get ?us to be a "p ( h]self4 ,su* a man's works1 :atsoev] he ) utmo/ consci\s ex]tion & =e?\ght %all accompli%1 gr[ up )al unconsci\sly1 f ! unkn[n deeps 9 him2--z ! oak-tree gr[s f ! ,e>?'s bosom1 z ! m\nta9s & wat]s %ape !mselves2 ) a symmetry gr\nd$ on ,nature's own laws1 con=mable to all ,tru? :atsoev]4 ,h[ mu* 9 ,%akespe>e lies hid2 8 sorr[s1 8 sil5t /ruggles kn[n to himself2 mu* t 0 n kn[n at all1 n speakable at all3 l roots1 l sap & =ces work+ und]gr\nd6 ,spee* is great2 b ,sil5ce is great]4 ,)al ! joyful tranquillity ( ?is man is notable4 ,i w n blame ,dante = 8 mis]y3 x is z battle )\t victory2 b true battle1--! fir/1 indisp5sable ?+4 ,yet ,i call ,%akespe>e great] ?an ,dante1 9 t he f\ght truly1 & did conqu]4 ,d\bt x n1 he _h 8 own sorr[s3 ^? ,sonnets ( 8 w ev5 te/ify expressly 9 :at deep wat]s he _h wad$1 & swum /ruggl+ = 8 life--z :at man l him ev] fail$ to h to d8 ,x seems to me a he$less notion1 our common "o1 t he sat l a bird on ! b\gh2 & sang =?1 free & (fh&1 nev] kn[+ ! tr\bles ( o!r m54 ,n s2 ) no man is x s4 ,h[ c\ld a man travel =w>d f ru/ic de]-poa*+ to su* trag$y-writ+1 & n fall-9 ) sorr[s by ! way8 ,or1 /ill bett]1 h[ c\ld a man del9eate a ,hamlet1 a ,coriolanus1 a ,macbe?1 s _m suff]+ h]oic he>ts1 if 8 own h]oic he>t _h nev] suff]$8--,& n[1 9 contra/ ) all ?is1 obs]ve 8 mir?fulness1 8 g5u9e ov]fl[+ love ( laught]6 ,y w\ld say1 9 no po9t does he exagg]ate b only 9 laught]4 ,fi]y objurgations1 words t pi]ce & burn1 are to be f\nd 9 ,%akespe>e2 yet he is always 9 measure "h2 nev] :at ,johnson w\ld rem>k z a specially good hat]4 ,b 8 laught] seems to p\r f him 9 floods2 he heaps all mann] ( ridicul\s nicknames on ! butt he is bant]+1 tumbles & tosses him 9 all sorts ( horse-play2 y w\ld say1 ) 8 :ole he>t laughs4 ,& !n1 if n always ! f9e/1 x is always a g5ial laught]4 ,n at m]e weakness1 at mis]y or pov]ty2 nev]4 ,no man :o c laugh1 :at we call laugh+1 w laugh at ^! ?+s4 ,x is "s poor "* only desir+ to laugh1 & h ! cr$it ( wit1 t does s4 ,laught] means sympa?y2 good laught] is n ! crackl+ ( ?orns "u ! pot4 ,ev5 at /upidity & pret5sion ?is ,%akespe>e does n laugh o!rwise ?an g5ially4 ,dogb]ry & ,v]ges tickle our v he>ts2 & we dismiss !m cov]$ ) explosions ( laught]3 b we l ! poor fell[s only ! bett] = our laugh+2 & hope !y w get on well !re1 & cont9ue ,presid5ts ( ! ,city-wat*4 ,su* laught]1 l sun%9e on ! deep sea1 is v beautiful to me4 ,we h no room to speak ( ,%akespe>e's individual works2 ?\gh p]haps !re is mu* /ill wait+ to be said on t head4 ,_h we1 = in/ance1 all 8 plays review$ z ,hamlet1 9 ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 is6 ,a ?+ :i* might1 "o day1 be done4 ,augu/ ,wilhelm ,s*legel has a rem>k on 8 ,hi/orical ,plays1 ,h5ry ,fif? & ! o!rs1 :i* is wor? rememb]+4 ,he calls !m a k9d ( ,national ,epic4 ,m>lbor\gh1 y recollect1 said1 he knew no ,engli% ,hi/ory b :at he _h le>n$ f ,%akespe>e4 ,!re are really1 if we look to x1 few z memorable ,hi/ories4 ,! great sali5t po9ts are admirably seiz$2 all r\nds itself (f1 into a k9d ( rhy?mic coh]5ce2 x is1 z ,s*legel says1 epic2--z inde$ all del9eation by a great ?9k] w be4 ,!re are "r beautiful ?+s 9 ^? ,pieces1 :i* inde$ toge!r =m "o beautiful ?+4 ,t battle ( ,ag9c\rt /rikes me z "o ( ! mo/ p]fect ?+s1 9 its sort1 we any:]e h ( ,%akespe>e's4 ,! description ( ! two ho/s3 ! worn\t1 jad$ ,engli%2 ! dread h\r1 big ) de/9y1 :5 ! battle %all beg92 & !n t dea?less val\r3 ,ye good yeom51 ^: limbs 7 made 9 ,engl&6 ,!re is a noble ,patriotism 9 x--f> o!r ?an ! indiff]5ce y sometimes he> ascrib$ to ,%akespe>e4 ,a true ,engli% he>t brea!s1 calm & /rong1 ?r\gh ! :ole bus9ess2 n boi/]\s1 protrusive2 all ! bett] = t4 ,!re is a s\nd 9 x l ! r+ ( /eel4 ,?is man too _h a "r /roke 9 him1 _h x come to t6 ,b ,i w say1 ( ,%akespe>e's works g5]ally1 t we h no full impress ( him !re2 ev5 z full z we h ( _m m54 ,8 works are s _m w9d[s1 ?r\gh :i* we see a glimpse ( ! _w t 0 9 him4 ,all 8 works seem1 comp>atively speak+1 cursory1 imp]fect1 writt5 "u cramp+ circum/ances2 giv+ only "h & !re a note ( ! full utt]ance ( ! man4 ,passages !re are t come ^u y l spl5d\r out ( ,heav52 bur/s ( radiance1 illum9at+ ! v he>t ( ! ?+3 y say1 ,t is true1 spok5 once & =ev]2 :]esoev] & :5soev] !re is an op5 human s\l1 t w be recognis$ z true6 ,su* bur/s1 h[ev]1 make u feel t ! surr\nd+ matt] is n radiant2 t x is 9 "p1 tempor>y1 conv5tional4 ,alas1 ,%akespe>e _h to write = ! ,globe ,playh\se3 8 great s\l _h to cru% itself1 z x c\ld1 into t & no o!r m\ld4 ,x 0 ) him1 !n1 z x is ) u all4 ,no man works save "u conditions4 ,! sculptor1 _c set 8 own free ,?\ght be=e u2 b 8 ,?\ght z he c\ld translate x into ! /one t 0 giv51 ) ! tools t 7 giv54 ,disjecta membra#hc are all t we f9d ( any ,poet1 or ( any man4 ,:oev] looks intellig5tly at ?is ,%akespe>e may recognise t he too 0 a ,prophet1 9 8 way2 ( an insight analog\s to ! ,prophetic1 ?\gh he took x up 9 ano!r /ra94 ,nature seem$ to ?is man also div9e2 unspeakable1 deep z ,tophet1 high z ,heav53 ,we are su* /uff z ,dreams are made (6 ,t scroll 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1#hd :i* few read ) und]/&+1 is ( ! dep? ( any se]4 ,b ! man sang2 did n prea*1 except musically4 ,we call$ ,dante ! melodi\s ,prie/ ( ,middle-,age ,ca?olicism4 ,may we n call ,%akespe>e ! /ill m melodi\s ,prie/ ( a true ,ca?olicism1 ! ,univ]sal ,*ur* ( ! ,future & ( all times8 ,no n>r[ sup]/ition1 h>% asceticism1 intol]ance1 fanatical fi]c5ess or p]v]sion3 a ,revelation1 s f> z x goes1 t su* a ?\s&fold hidd5 beauty & div95ess dwells 9 all ,nature2 :i* let all m5 wor%ip z !y c6 ,we may say )\t (f5ce1 t !re rises a k9d ( univ]sal ,psalm out ( ?is ,%akespe>e too2 n unfit to make itself he>d among ! /ill m sacr$ ,psalms4 ,n 9 di%>mony ) ^!1 if we und]/ood !m1 b 9 h>mony6--,i _c call ?is ,%akespe>e a ,sceptic1 z "s d2 8 indiff]5ce to ! cre$s & !ological qu>rels ( 8 "t mislead+ !m4 ,no3 nei!r unpatriotic1 ?\gh he says little ab\t 8 ,patriotism2 nor sceptic1 ?\gh he says little ab\t 8 ,fai?4 ,su* indiff]5ce 0 ! fruit ( 8 greatness )al3 8 :ole he>t 0 9 8 own gr& sph]e ( wor%ip 7we may call x su*72 ^! o!r controv]sies1 vitally important to o!r m51 7 n vital to him4 ,b call x wor%ip1 call x :at y w1 is x n a "r glori\s ?+1 & set ( ?+s1 ?is t ,%akespe>e has br\ght u8 ,= myself1 ,i feel t !re is actually a k9d ( sacr$ness 9 ! fact ( su* a man be+ s5t into ?is ,e>?4 ,is he n an eye to u all2 a bless$ heav5-s5t ,br+] ( ,light8--&1 at bottom1 0 x n p]haps f> bett] t ?is ,%akespe>e1 ev]yway an unconsci\s man1 0 consci\s ( no ,heav5ly message8 ,he did n feel1 l ,mahomet1 because he saw into ^? int]nal ,spl5d\rs1 t he specially 0 ! ,prophet ( ,god3 & 0 he n great] ?an ,mahomet 9 t8 ,great]2 & also1 if we compute /rictly1 z we did 9 ,dante's case1 m successful4 ,x 0 intr9sically an error t notion ( ,mahomet's1 ( 8 supreme ,prophe?ood2 & has come d[n to u inextricably involv$ 9 error to ?is day2 dragg+ along ) x su* a coil ( fables1 impurities1 intol]ances1 z makes x a que/ionable /ep = me "h & n[ to say1 z ,i h done1 t ,mahomet 0 a true ,speak] at all1 & n r an ambiti\s *>latan1 p]v]sity & simulacrum2 no ,speak]1 b a ,babbl]6 ,ev5 9 ,arabia1 z ,i compute1 ,mahomet w h exhau/$ himself & become obsolete1 :ile ?is ,%akespe>e1 ?is ,dante may /ill be "y2--:ile ?is ,%akespe>e may /ill pret5d to be a ,prie/ ( ,mank9d1 ( ,arabia z ( o!r places1 = unlimit$ p]iods to come6 ,comp>$ ) any speak] or s+] "o kn[s1 ev5 ) ,aes*ylus or ,hom]1 :y %\ld he n1 = v]acity & univ]sality1 la/ l !m8 ,he is s9c]e z !y2 rea*es deep d[n l !m1 to ! univ]sal & p]5nial4 ,b z = ,mahomet1 ,i ?9k x _h be5 bett] = him n to be s consci\s6 ,alas1 poor ,mahomet2 all t he 0 consci\s ( 0 a m]e error2 a futility & triviality--z inde$ su* ev] is4 ,! truly great 9 him too 0 ! unconsci\s3 t he 0 a wild ,arab lion ( ! des]t1 & did speak-out ) t great ?und]-voice ( 81 n by words :i* he ?\ght to be great1 b by actions1 by feel+s1 by a hi/ory :i* 7 great6 ,8 ,koran has become a /upid piece ( prolix absurdity2 we d n believe1 l him t ,god wrote t6 ,! ,great ,man "h too1 z always' is a ,=ce ( ,nature3 :atsoev] is truly great 9 him spr+s-up f ! 9articulate deeps4 ,well3 ?is is our poor ,w>wick%ire ,peasant1 :o rose to be ,manag] ( a ,playh\se1 s t he c\ld live )\t begg+2 :om ! ,e>l ( ,s\?ampton ca/ "s k9d glances on2 :om ,sir ,?omas ,lucy1 _m ?anks to him1 0 = s5d+ to ! ,treadmill6 ,we did n acc\nt him a god1 l ,od91 :ile he dwelt ) u2--on :i* po9t !re 7 mu* to be said4 ,b ,i w say r1 or repeat3 ,9 spite ( ! sad /ate ,h]o-wor%ip n[ lies 91 consid] :at ?is ,%akespe>e has actually become among u4 ,:i* ,engli%man we ev] made1 9 ?is l& ( ours1 :i* million ( ,engli%m51 w\ld we n give-up r ?an ! ,/rat=d ,peasant8 ,!re is no regim5t ( highe/ ,dignit>ies t we w\ld sell him =4 ,he is ! gr&e/ ?+ we h yet done4 ,= our hon\r among =eign nations1 z an ornam5t to our ,engli% ,h\sehold1 :at item is !re t we w\ld n surr5d] r ?an him8 ,consid] n[1 if !y ask$ u1 ,w y give-up y\r ,indian ,empire or y\r ,%akespe>e1 y ,engli%2 nev] h _h any ,indian ,empire1 or nev] h _h any ,%akespe>e8 ,really x 7 a grave "q4 ,(ficial p]sons w\ld answ] d\btless 9 (ficial language2 b we1 = our "p too1 %\ld n we be =c$ to answ]3 ,indian ,empire1 or no ,indian ,empire2 we _c d )\t ,%akespe>e6 ,indian ,empire w g1 at any rate1 "s day2 b ?is ,%akespe>e does n g1 he la/s =ev] ) u2 we _c give-up our ,%akespe>e6 ,nay1 ap>t f spiritualities2 & consid]+ him m]ely z a real1 m>ketable1 tangibly-useful possession4 ,engl&1 be=e long1 ?is ,isl& ( ours1 w hold b a small fraction ( ! ,engli%3 9 ,am]ica1 9 ,new ,holl&1#he ea/ & we/ to ! v ,antipodes1 !re w be a ,saxondom cov]+ great spaces ( ! ,globe4 ,& n[1 :at is x t c keep all ^! toge!r into virtually "o ,nation1 s t !y d n fall-out & fight1 b live at peace1 9 bro!rlike int]c\rse1 help+ "o ano!r8 ,?is is ju/ly reg>d$ z ! greate/ practical problem1 ! ?+ all mann] ( sov]eignties & gov]nm5ts are "h to accompli%3 :at is x t w accompli% ?is8 ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 adm9i/rative prime-m9i/]s _c4 ,am]ica is p>t$ f u1 s f> z ,p>liam5t c\ld "p x4 ,call x n fanta/ic1 = !re is mu* reality 9 x3 ,"h1 ,i say1 is an ,engli% ,k+1 :om no "t or *ance1 ,p>liam5t or comb9ation ( ,p>liam5ts1 c de?rone6 ,?is ,k+ ,%akespe>e1 does n he %9e1 9 cr[n$ sov]eignty1 ov] u all1 z ! noble/1 g5tle/1 yet /ronge/ ( rally+-signs2 9de/ructible2 really m valuable 9 t po9t ( view ?an any o!r means or appliance :atsoev]8 ,we c fancy him z radiant al(t ov] all ! ,nations ( ,engli%m51 a ?\s& ye>s h5ce4 ,f ,p>amatta1 f ,new ,york1 :]esoev]1 "u :at sort ( ,p>i%-,con/able soev]1 ,engli% m5 & wom5 are1 !y w say to "o ano!r3 ,yes1 ?is ,%akespe>e is ours2 we produc$ him1 we speak & ?9k by him2 we are ( "o blood & k9d ) him4 ,! mo/ common-s5se politician1 too1 if he pleases1 may ?9k ( t4 ,yes1 truly1 x is a great ?+ = a ,nation t x get an articulate voice2 t x produce a man :o w speak-=? melodi\sly :at ! he>t ( x means6 ,italy1 = example1 poor ,italy lies dismemb]$1 scatt]$ asund]1 n appe>+ 9 any protocol or treaty z a unity at all2 yet ! noble ,italy is actually "o3 ,italy produc$ its ,dante2 ,italy c speak6 ,! ,cz> ( all ! ,russias1 he is /rong1 ) s _m bayonets1 ,cossacks & cannons2 & does a great feat 9 keep+ su* a tract ( ,e>? politically toge!r2 b he _c yet speak4 ,some?+ great 9 him1 b x is a dumb greatness4 ,he has _h no voice ( g5ius1 to be he>d ( all m5 & times4 ,he mu/ le>n to speak4 ,he is a great dumb mon/] hi!rto4 ,8 cannons & ,cossacks w all h ru/$ into non5tity1 :ile t ,dante's voice is /ill audible4 ,! ,nation t has a ,dante is b\nd toge!r z no dumb ,russia c be4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ha3 ,f ,lecture ,,iii1 ,! ,h]o z ,poet1 9 ,h]oes & ,h]o-,wor%ip1 #ahda4 ,footnote #hb3 ,/4 ,/eph5's3 ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,footnote #hc3 ,scatt]$ pieces4 ,footnote #hd3 ,! passage 9 ,%akespe>e's ,tempe/ f :i* ! words quot$ 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ce are tak51 is inscrib$ on ! scroll 9 ! h& ( ,%akespe>e's /atue 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,footnote #he3 ,new ,holl&3 ,au/ralia4 ,,*>les ,,lamb#hf ,,walt] ,,pat] ,^? ,engli% critics :o at ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury introduc$ f ,g]many1 toge!r ) "s o!r subtleties ( ?\ght transplant$ hi!r n )\t advantage1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,fancy & ! ,imag9ation1 made mu* also ( ! cognate di/9ction betwe5 ,wit & ,hum\r1 betwe5 t unreal & transitory mir?1 :i* is z ! crackl+ ( ?orns "u ! pot1 & ! laught] :i* bl5ds ) te>s & ev5 ) ! sublimities ( ! imag9ation1 & :i*1 9 its mo/ exquisite motives1 is "o ) pity--! laught] ( ! com$ies ( ,%akespe>e1 h>dly less expressive ?an 8 moods ( s]i\sness or solemnity1 ( t deeply /irr$ s\l ( sympa?y 9 him1 z fl[+ f :i* bo? te>s & laught] are alike g5u9e & contagi\s4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 wit & hum\r1 ,col]idge & o!r k9dr$ critics appli$1 ) mu* effect1 9 _! /udies ( "s ( our old] ,engli% writ]s4 ,& z ! di/9ction betwe5 imag9ation & fancy1 made popul> by ,wordswor?1 f\nd its be/ ju/ification 9 c]ta9 ess5tial diff]5ces ( /uff 9 ,wordswor?'s own writ+s1 s ?is o!r critical di/9ction1 betwe5 wit & hum\r1 f9ds a sort ( visible int]pretation & in/ance 9 ! "* & writ+s ( ,*>les ,lamb2--"o :o liv$ m consi/5tly ?an mo/ writ]s among subtle lit]>y !ories1 & ^: rema9s are /ill full ( curi\s int]e/ = ! /ud5t ( lit]ature z a f9e art4 ,! au?or ( ! ,engli% ,hum\ri/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 com+ to ! hum\ri/s ( ! n9ete5?1 w\ld h f\nd1 z is true pre-em95tly ( ,?ack]ay himself1 ! spr+s ( pity 9 !m deep5$ by ! deep] subjectivity1 ! int5s] & clos] liv+ ) itself1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! temp] ( ! lat] g5]ation2 & !re)1 ! mir? also1 f ! amalgam ( :i* ) pity hum\r proce$s1 has become1 9 ,*>les ,dick5s1 = example1 fre] & m boi/]\s4 ,to ?is m high-pit*$ feel+1 s9ce pr$om9ant 9 our lit]ature1 ! writ+s ( ,*>les ,lamb1 ^: life occupies ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury & ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5?1 are a transition2 & su* union ( grave1 ( t]rible ev51 ) gay1 we may note 9 ! circum/ances ( 8 life1 z reflect$ !nce into 8 "w4 ,we cat* ! aroma ( a s+ul>1 homely sweetness ab\t 8 fir/ ye>s1 sp5t on ,?ames' side1 amid ! r$ bricks & t]rac$ g>d5s1 ) _! ri* hi/orical memories ( old-fa%ion$ legal ,london4 ,j above ! poor] class1 depriv$1 z he says1 ( ! sweet food ( academic in/itution1 he is =tunate en\gh to be re>$ 9 ! classical languages at an anci5t s*ool1 :]e he becomes ! companion ( ,col]idge1 z at a lat] p]iod he 0 8 en?usia/ic disciple4 ,s f>1 ! ye>s g by ) less ?an ! usual %>e ( boyi% difficulties2 protect$1 "o fancies1 see+ :at he 0 aft]w>ds1 by "s attraction ( temp] 9 ! qua9t *ild1 small & delicate1 ) a c]ta9 ,jewi% expression 9 8 cle>1 br[n complexion1 eyes n precisely ( ! same col\r1 & a sl[ walk add+ to ! /aidness ( 8 figure2 & ^: infirmity ( spee*1 increas$ by agitation1 is p>tly engag+4 ,& ! *e]fulness ( all ?is1 ( ! m]e aspect ( ,lamb's quiet subsequ5t life also1 might make ! m sup]ficial read] ?9k ( him z 9 himself some?+ slight1 & ( 8 mir? z *eaply b\ght4 ,yet we "k t b5ea? ?is bli! surface !re 0 some?+ ( ! fateful dome/ic horror1 ( ! beautiful h]oism & devot$ness too1 ( old ,greek trag$y4 ,8 si/] ,m>y1 t5 ye>s 8 s5ior1 9 a sudd5 p>oxysm ( madness1 caus$ ! dea? ( h] "m1 & 0 br\ght to trial = :at an ov]/ra9$ ju/ice might h con/ru$ z ! greate/ ( crimes4 ,%e 0 releas$ on ! bro!r's pl$g+ himself to wat* ov] h]2 & to ?is si/]1 f ! age ( tw5ty-"o1 ,*>les ,lamb sacrific$ himself1 seek+ !nce=?1 says 8 e>lie/ biograph]1 no connection :i* c\ld int]f]e ) h] supremacy 9 8 affections1 or impair 8 ability to su/a9 & com=t h]4 ,! fev]i%1 romantic tie ( love he ca/ away 9 ex*ange = ! *>ities ( home4 ,only1 f "t to "t1 ! madness return$1 affect+ him too1 once2 & we see ! bro!r & si/] volunt>ily yield+ to re/ra9t4 ,9 e/imat+ ! hum\r ( ,elia1 we mu/ no m =get ! /rong und]curr5t ( ?is great mis=tune & pity1 ?an "o c\ld =get x 9 8 actual /ory4 ,s he becomes ! be/ critic1 almo/ ! discov]]1 ( ,web/]1 a dramati/ ( g5ius s sombre1 s heavily col\r$1 s macabre4#hg ,rosamund ,grey writt5 9 8 tw5ty-?ird ye>1 a /ory ) some?+ bitt] & exagg]at$1 an almo/ insane fix$ness ( gloom p]ceptible 9 x1 /rikes cle>ly ?is note 9 8 "w4 ,= himself1 & f 8 own po9t ( view1 ! ex]cise ( 8 gift1 ( 8 lit]>y art1 came to gild or sweet5 a life ( monoton\s lab\r1 & seem$1 z f> z reg>d$ o!rs1 no v important ?+2 avail+ to give !m a little pleasure1 & in=m !m a little1 *iefly 9 a retrospective mann]1 b 9 no way conc]n$ ) ! turn+ ( ! tides ( ! great _w4 ,& yet ?is v mode/y1 ?is unambiti\s way ( conceiv+ 8 "w1 has impress$ ^u x a c]ta9 exceptional endur+ness4 ,= ( ! rem>kable ,engli% writ]s contempor>y ) ,lamb1 _m 7 greatly preoccupi$ ) ideas ( practice--religi\s1 moral1 political--ideas :i* h s9ce1 9 "s s5se or o!r1 ent]$ p]man5tly into ! g5]al consci\sness2 &1 ^! hav+ no long] any /imulus = a g5]ation provid$ ) a diff]5t /ock ( ideas1 ! writ+s ( ^? :o sp5t s mu* ( !mselves 9 _! propagation h lo/1 ) po/]ity1 some?+ ( :at !y ga9$ by !m 9 imm$iate influ5ce4 ,col]idge1 ,wordswor?1 ,%elley ev5--%>+ s l>gely 9 ! unre/ ( _! own age1 & made p]sonally m int]e/+ !reby1 yet1 ( _! actual "w1 surr5d] m to ! m]e c\rse ( "t ?an "s ( ^? :o may h seem$ to ex]cise !mselves h>dly at all 9 great matt]s1 to h be5 little s]i\s1 or a little indiff]5t1 reg>d+ !m4 ,( ?is numb] ( ! dis9t]e/$ s]vants ( lit]ature1 small] 9 ,engl& ?an 9 ,france1 ,*>les ,lamb is "o4 ,9 ! mak+ ( prose he realises ! pr9ciple ( art = its own sake1 z completely z ,keats 9 ! mak+ ( v]se4 ,&1 work+ ev] close to ! concrete1 to ! details1 great or small1 ( actual ?+s1 books1 p]sons1 & ) no "p ( !m blurr$ to 8 vision by ! int]v5tion ( m]e ab/ract !ories1 he has rea*$ an endur+ moral effect also1 9 a sort ( b\ndless sympa?y4 ,unoccupi$1 z he might seem1 ) great matt]s1 he is 9 imm$iate contact ) :at is real1 especially 9 its c>ess+ littl5ess1 t littl5ess 9 :i* !re is mu* ( ! :ole woeful he>t ( ?+s1 & meets x m ?an half-way ) a p]fect und]/&+ ( x4 ,:at sudd51 unexpect$ t\*es ( pa?os 9 him6--be>+ witness h[ ! sorr[ ( humanity1 ! ,welts*m]z1 ! con/ant a*+ ( its w\nds1 is ev] pres5t ) him3 b :at a gift also = ! enjoym5t ( life 9 its subtleties1 ( enjoym5t actually ref9$ by ! ne$ ( "s ?\ghtful economies & mak+ ! mo/ ( ?+s6 ,little arts ( happ9ess he is ready to tea* to o!rs4 ,! qua9t rem>ks ( *ildr5 :i* ano!r w\ld sc>cely h he>d1 he pres]ves--little flies 9 ! priceless amb] ( 8 ,attic wit--& has 8 ,praise ( *imney-sweep]s 7z ,william ,blake has writt51 ) s mu* natural pa?os1 ! ,*imney-sweep]'s ,song71 valu+ c>efully _! :ite tee?1 & f9e enjoym5t ( :ite %eets 9 /ol5 sleep at ,arundel ,ca/le1 z he tells ! /ory1 anticipat+ some?+ ( ! mood ( our deep hum\ri/s ( ! la/ g5]ation4 ,8 simple "m-pity = ^? :o suff] by accid5t1 or unk9dness ( nature1 bl9dness = in/ance1 or fateful disease ( m9d l 8 si/]'s1 has some?+ primitive 9 its l>g5ess2 & on behalf ( ill-us$ animals he is e>ly 9 compos+ a ,pity's ,gift4 ,& if1 9 deep] or m sup]ficial s5se1 ! dead d c>e at all = _! "n & fame1 !n h[ mu/ ! s\ls ( ,%akespe>e & ,web/] h be5 /irr$1 aft] s long conv]se ) ?+s t /opp$ _! e>s1 :e!r above or bel[ ! soil1 at 8 exquisite appreciations ( !m2 ! s\ls ( ,titian & ( ,hog>? too2 =1 :at has n be5 obs]v$ s g5]ally z ! excell5ce ( 8 lit]>y criticism1 ,*>les ,lamb is a f9e critic ( pa9t+ also4 ,x 0 z loyal1 self-=getful "w = o!rs1 = ,%akespe>e's self fir/1 = in/ance1 & !n = ,%akespe>e's read]s1 t t too 0 done3 he has ! true s*ol>'s way ( =gett+ himself 9 8 subject4 ,= ?\gh defraud$1 z we saw1 9 8 "y ye>s1 ( ! sweet food ( academic in/itution1 he is yet ess5tially a s*ol>1 & all 8 "w ma9ly retrospective1 z ,i said2 8 own sorr[s1 affections1 p]ceptions1 be+ alone real to him ( ! pres5t4 ,i _c make ^! pres5t times1 he says once1 pres5t to me4 ,above all1 he becomes n m]ely an expositor1 p]man5tly valuable1 b = ,engli%m5 almo/ ! discov]] ( ! old ,engli% drama4 ,! book is su* z ,i am glad !re %\ld be1 he mode/ly says ( ! ,specim5s ( ,engli% ,dramatic ,poets :o liv$ ab\t ! "t ( ,%akespe>e2 to :i*1 h[ev]1 he adds 9 a s]ies ( notes ! v qu9tess5ce ( criticism1 ! *oice/ sav\r & p]fume ( ,elizabe?an poetry be+ sort$1 & /or$ "h1 ) a sort ( delicate intellectual epicureanism1 :i* has _h ! effect ( w9n+ = ^!1 !n almo/ =gott51 poets1 "o g5]ation aft] ano!r ( en?usia/ic /ud5ts4 ,c\ld he b h kn[n h[ fre% a s\rce ( culture he 0 evok+ !re = o!r g5]ations1 ?r\gh all ^? ye>s 9 :i*1 a little wi/fully1 he w\ld h>p on ! limitation ( 8 "t by bus9ess1 & sigh = a bett] =tune 9 reg>d to lit]>y opportunities6 ,to feel /rongly ! *>m ( an old poet or morali/1 ! lit]>y *>m ( ,burton1 = in/ance1 or ,qu>les1 or ,! ,du*ess ( ,newca/le2 & !n to int]pret t *>m1 to convey x to o!rs--he seem+ to himself b to h& on to o!rs1 9 m]e humble m9i/ration1 t ( :i* = !m he is really ! creator--?is is ! way ( 8 criticism2 ca/ (f 9 a /ray lett] (t51 or pass+ note1 or lighte/ essay or conv]sation4 ,x is 9 su* a lett]1 = in/ance1 t we come ^u a s+ul>ly p5etrative e/imate ( ! g5ius & writ+s ( ,defoe4 ,track+1 ) an att5tion always al]t1 ! :ole process ( _! production to its />t+-po9t 9 ! deep places ( ! m9d1 he seems to realise ! b half-consci\s intuitions ( ,hog>? or ,%akespe>e1 & develops ! great rul+ unities :i* h sway$ _! actual "w2 or puts up1 & takes1 ! "o morsel ( good /uff 9 an old1 =gott5 writ]4 ,ev5 9 :at he says casually !re comes an aroma ( old ,engli%2 noticeable e*oes1 9 *ance turn & phrase1 ( ! great ma/]s ( /yle1 ! old ma/]s4 ,godw91 see+ 9 quotation a passage f ,john ,woodvil1 takes x = a *oice fragm5t ( an old dramati/1 & goes to ,lamb to assi/ him 9 f9d+ ! au?or4 ,8 p[] ( delicate imitation 9 prose & v]se rea*es ! l5g? ( a f9e mimicry ev51 z 9 ^? la/ essays ( ,elia on ,popul> ,fallacies1 ) _! g5tle reproduction or c>icature ( ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 %[+1 ! m completely1 8 ma/]y1 by dis9t]e/$ /udy1 ( ^? elem5ts ( ! man :i* 7 ! real s\rce ( /yle 9 t great1 solemn ma/] ( old ,engli%1 :o1 ready to say :at he has to say ) fe>less homel9ess1 yet cont9ually ov]awes "o ) t\*es ( a /range utt]ance f worlds af>4 ,= x is ) ! delicacies ( f9e lit]ature especially1 its gradations ( expression1 its f9e judgm5t1 its pure s5se ( words1 ( vocabul>y--?+s1 alas6 dy+ out 9 ! ,engli% lit]ature ( ! pres5t1 toge!r ) ! appreciation ( !m 9 our lit]ature ( ! pa/--t 8 lit]>y mission is *iefly conc]n$4 ,& yet1 delicate1 ref9+1 da9tily epicurean1 z he may seem1 :5 he writes ( giants su* z ,hog>? or ,%akespe>e1 ?\gh (t5 b 9 a /ray note1 y cat* ! s5se ( v5]ation ) :i* ^? great names 9 pa/ lit]ature & art brood$ ov] 8 intellig5ce1 8 undim9i%$ impressibility by ! great effects 9 !m4 ,read+1 comm5t+ on ,%akespe>e1 he is l a man :o walks alone "u a gr& /ormy sky1 & among unwont$ tricks ( light1 :5 p[]ful spirits might seem to be abroad ^u ! air2 & ! grim hum\r ( ,hog>?1 z he analyses x1 rises into a k9d ( spectral grotesque2 :ile he too kn[s ! secret ( f9e1 significant t\*es l !irs4 ,!re are traits1 cu/oms1 *>act]i/ics ( h\ses & dress1 surviv+ morsels ( old life1 su* z ,hog>? has transf]r$ s vividly into ,! ,rake's ,progress1 or ,m>riage a la ,mode1 conc]n+ :i* we well und]/& h[1 common1 un9t]e/+1 or ev5 wor?less 9 !mselves1 !y h come to please u at la/ z ?+s picturesque1 be+ set 9 relief aga9/ ! modes ( our diff]5t age4 ,cu/oms1 /iff to u1 /iff dresses1 /iff furniture--types ( ca/-(f fa%ions1 left by accid5t1 & :i* no "o ev] meant to pres]ve--we contemplate ) m ?an good-nature1 z hav+ 9 !m ! v]itable acc5t ( a "t1 n altoge!r to be replac$ by its m solemn & self-consci\s deposits2 l ^? tricks ( individuality :i* we f9d q tol]able 9 p]sons1 because !y convey to u ! secret ( lifelike expression1 & ) reg>d to :i* we are all to "s ext5t hum\ri/s4 ,b x is "p ( ! privilege ( ! g5u9e hum\ri/s to anticipate ?is p5sive mood ) reg>d to ! ways & ?+s ( 8 own day2 to look ^u ! tricks 9 mann] ( ! life ab\t him ) t same ref9$1 purg$ sort ( vision1 :i* w come naturally to ^? ( a lat] g5]ation1 9 obs]v+ :atev] may h surviv$ by *ance ( its m]e ext]nal habit4 ,see+ ?+s always by ! light ( an und]/&+ m entire ?an is possible = ord9>y m9ds1 ( ! :ole me*anism ( humanity1 & see+ also ! mann]1 ! outw>d mode or fa%ion1 always 9 /rict connection ) ! spiritual condition :i* det]m9$ x1 a hum\ri/ su* z ,*>les ,lamb anticipates ! en*antm5t ( di/ance2 & ! *>act]i/ics ( places1 ranks1 habits ( life1 are transfigur$ = him1 ev5 n[ & 9 advance ( "t1 by poetic light2 ju/ify+ :at "s might condemn z m]e s5tim5tality1 9 ! ef=t to h& on unbrok5 ! tradition ( su* fa%ion or acc5t4 ,! praise ( begg>s1 ! cries ( ,london1 ! traits ( actors j gr[n old1 ! spots 9 t[n :]e ! c\ntry1 its fre% gre5 & fre% wat]1 /ill l+]$ on1 "o aft] ano!r1 amid/ ! bu/le2 ! qua9t1 dimm$1 j play$-out f>ces1 he _h reli%$ s mu*1 com+ p>tly ?r\gh !m to und]/& ! e>li] ,engli% !atre z a ?+ once really alive2 ^? f\nta9s & sundials ( old g>d5s1 ( :i* he ent]ta9s su* da9ty disc\rse3--he feels ! poetry ( ^! ?+s1 z ! poetry ( ?+s old inde$1 b surviv+ z an actual "p ( ! life ( ! pres5t1 & z some?+ q diff]5t f ! poetry ( ?+s flatly gone f u & antique1 :i* come back to u1 if at all1 z entire /rang]s1 l ,scott's old ,scot*-bord] p]sonages1 _! oa?s & arm\r4 ,su* gift ( appreciation dep5ds1 z ,i said1 on ! habitual appreh5sion ( m5's life z a :ole--its organic :ol5ess1 z ext5d+ ev5 to ! lea/ ?+s 9 x--( its outw>d mann] 9 connection ) its inw>d temp]2 & x involves a f9e p]ception ( ! congruities1 ! musical accordance betwe5 humanity & its environm5t ( cu/om1 society1 p]sonal int]c\rse2 z if all ?is1 ) its meet+s1 p>t+s1 c]emonies1 ge/ure1 tones ( spee*1 7 "s delicate in/rum5t on :i* an exp]t p]=m] is play+4 ,^! are "s ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,elia1 "o ess5tially an essayi/1 & ( ! true family ( ,montaigne1 nev] judg+1 z he says1 sy/em-wise ( ?+s1 b fa/5+ on p>ticul>s2 say+ all ?+s z x 7 on *ance occasion only1 & by way ( pa/ime1 yet succe$+ ?us1 glimpse-wise1 9 cat*+ & record+ m frequ5tly ?an o!rs ! gaye/1 happie/ attitude ( ?+s2 a casual writ] = dreamy read]s1 yet always giv+ ! read] s mu* m ?an he seem$ to propose4 ,!re is some?+ ( ! foll[] ( ,george ,fox ab\t him1 & ! ,quak]'s belief 9 ! inw>d light com+ to "o passive1 to ! m]e wayf>]1 :o w be sure at all ev5ts to lose no light :i* falls by ! way--glimpses1 sugge/ions1 delightful half-appreh5sions1 pr(\nd ?\ghts ( old philosoph]s1 h9ts ( ! inn]mo/ reason 9 ?+s1 ! full k ( :i* is held 9 res]ve2 all ! v>i$ /uff1 t is1 ( :i* g5u9e essays are made4 ,& ) him1 z ) ,montaigne1 ! desire ( self-portraiture is1 bel[ all m sup]ficial t5d5cies1 ! real motive 9 writ+ at all--a desire closely connect$ ) t intimacy1 t mod]n subjectivity1 :i* may be call$ ! ,montaignesque elem5t 9 lit]ature4 ,:at he designs is to give y himself1 to acqua9t y ) 8 lik5ess2 b mu/ d ?is1 if at all1 indirectly1 be+ inde$ always m or less res]v$1 = himself & 8 fri5ds2 fri5d%ip c\nt+ = s mu* 9 8 life1 t he is jeal\s ( any?+ t might j> or di/urb x1 ev5 to ! l5g? ( a sort ( ins9c]ity1 to :i* he assigns its qua9t praise2 ?is lov] ( /age plays significantly welcom+ a little t\* ( ! artificiality ( play to sweet5 ! int]c\rse ( actual life4 ,&1 9 effect1 a v delicate & expressive portrait ( him does put itself toge!r = ! duly m$itative read]4 ,9 indirect t\*es ( 8 own "w1 scraps ( fad$ old lett]s1 :at o!rs rememb]$ ( 8 talk1 ! man's lik5ess em]ges2 :at he laugh$ & wept at1 8 sudd5 elevations1 & long+s aft] abs5t fri5ds1 8 f9e casui/ries ( affection & devices to jog sometimes1 z he says1 ! lazy happ9ess ( p]fect love1 8 solemn mom5ts ( high] disc\rse ) ! "y1 z !y came across him on occasion1 & w5t along a little way ) him1 ! sudd5 surpris$ appreh5sion ( beauties 9 old lit]ature1 reveal+ anew ! deep s\l ( poetry 9 ?+s1 & )al ! pure _s ( fun1 hav+ its way aga92 laught]1 t mo/ %ort-liv$ ( all ?+s 7"s ( ,%akespe>e's ev5 be+ gr[n holl[7 we>+ well ) him4 ,mu* ( all ?is comes out ?r\gh 8 lett]s1 :i* may be reg>d$ z a dep>tm5t ( 8 essays4 ,he is an old-fa%ion$ lett]-writ]1 ! ess5ce ( ! old fa%ion ( lett]-writ+ ly+1 z ) true essay-writ+1 9 ! dext]\s avail+ oneself ( accid5t & circum/ance1 9 ! prosecution ( deep] l9es ( obs]vation2 al?\gh1 j z ) ! record ( 8 conv]sation1 "o loses some?+1 9 los+ ! actual tones ( ! /amm]]1 /ill graceful 9 8 halt+1 z he halt$ also 9 composition1 compos+ sl[ly & by fits1 l a ,flemi% pa9t]1 z he tells u1 s x is to be regrett$1 says ! editor ( 8 lett]s1 t 9 ! pr9t$ lett]s ! read] w lose ! curi\s v>ieties ( writ+ ) :i* ! orig9als ab\nd1 & :i* are scrupul\sly adapt$ to ! subject4 ,also1 he 0 a true collector1 delight+ 9 ! p]sonal f9d+ ( a ?+1 9 ! col\r an old book or pr9t gets = him by ! little accid5ts :i* atte/ previ\s own]%ip4 ,)]'s ,emblems1 t old book & qua9t1 long-desir$1 :5 he f9ds x at la/1 he values none ! less because a *ild _h col\r$ ! plates ) 8 pa9ts4 ,a lov] ( h\sehold w>m? ev]y:]e1 ( t temp]$ atmosph]e :i* our v>i\s habitations get by m5's liv+ )9 !m1 he /icks to 8 fav\rite books z he did to 8 fri5ds1 & lov$ ! t[n1 ) a jeal\s eye = all its *>act]i/ics1 old h\ses com+ to h s\ls = him4 ,! ye>n+ = m]e w>m? aga9/ him 9 ano!r1 makes him cont5t1 all ?r\gh life1 ) pure bro!rl9ess1 ! mo/ k9dly & natural species ( love1 z he says1 9 place ( ! passion ( love4 ,bro!r & si/]1 sitt+ ?us side by side1 h1 ( c\rse1 _! anticipations h[ "o ( !m mu/ sit at la/ 9 ! fa9t sun alone1 & set u speculat+1 z we read1 z to precisely :at am\nt ( melan*oly really accompani$ = him ! approa* ( old age1 s /eadily =ese52 make u note also ) pleasure1 8 successive wak+s up to *e]ful realities1 out ( a too curi\s mus+ ov] :at is gone & :at rema9s1 ( life4 ,9 8 subtle capacity = enjoy+ ! m ref9$ po9ts ( e>?1 ( human relation%ip1 he c\ld ?r[ ! gleam ( poetry or hum\r on :at seem$ common or ?readb>e2 has a c>e = ! sighs1 & ! we>y1 humdrum preoccupations ( v weak p1 d[n to _! little pa!tic g5tilities1 ev52 :ile1 9 ! purely human temp]1 he c write ( dea?1 almo/ l ,%akespe>e4 ,& t c>e1 ?r\gh all 8 en?usiasm ( discov]y1 = :at is accu/om$1 9 lit]ature1 connect$ ?us ) 8 close cl++ to home & ! e>?1 0 congru\s also ) t love = ! accu/om$ 9 religion1 :i* we may notice 9 him4 ,he is "o ( ! la/ vot>ies ( t old-_w s5tim5t1 bas$ on ! feel+s ( hope & awe1 :i* may be describ$ z ! religion ( m5 ( lett]s 7z ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne has 8 ,religion ( ! ,physician71 religion z und]/ood by ! sob]] m5 ( lett]s 9 ! la/ c5tury1 ,addison1 ,gray1 & ,johnson2 by ,jane ,au/5 & ,?ack]ay1 lat]4 ,a high way ( feel+ develop$ l>gely by con/ant int]c\rse ) ! great ?+s ( lit]ature1 & ext5d$ 9 its turn to ^? matt]s great] /ill1 ?is religion lives1 9 ! ma9 retrospectively1 9 a sy/em ( receiv$ s5tim5ts & beliefs2 receiv$1 l ^? great ?+s ( lit]ature & art1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 on ! au?ority ( a long tradition1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* !y h l9k$ !mselves 9 a ?\s& complex ways to ! conditions ( human life1 & no m que/ion$ n[ ?an ! feel+ "o keeps by "o ( ! greatness--say6 ( ,%akespe>e4 ,= ,*>les ,lamb1 su* =m ( religion becomes ! solemn backgr\nd on :i* ! ne>] & m excit+ objects ( 8 imm$iate exp]i5ce relieve !mselves1 borr[+ f x an expression ( calm2 its necess>y atmosph]e be+ inde$ a pr(\nd quiet1 t quiet :i* has 9 x a k9d ( sacram5tal efficacy1 work+1 we might say1 on ! pr9ciple ( ! opus op]atum1#hh almo/ )\t any co-op]ation ( "o's own1 t[>ds ! ass]tion ( ! high] self4 ,&1 9 tru?1 to m5 ( ,lamb's delicately attun$ temp]am5t m]e physical /illness has its full value2 su* natures seem+ to long = x sometimes1 z = no m]ely negative ?+1 ) a sort ( my/ical s5suality4 ,! writ+s ( ,*>les ,lamb are an excell5t illu/ration ( ! value ( res]ve 9 lit]ature4 ,bel[ 8 quiet1 8 qua9tness1 8 hum\r1 & :at may seem ! slightness1 ! occasional or accid5tal "* ( 8 "w1 !re lies1 z ,i said at />t+1 z 9 8 life1 a g5u9ely tragic elem5t4 ,! gloom1 reflect$ at its d>ke/ 9 ^? h>d %ad[s ( ,rosamund ,grey1 is always !re1 ?\gh n always realis$ ei!r = himself or 8 read]s1 & re/ra9$ always 9 utt]ance4 ,x gives to ^? light] matt]s on ! surface ( life & lit]ature among :i* he = ! mo/ "p mov$1 a wond]ful =ce ( expression1 z if at any mom5t ^! slight words & fancies might pi]ce v f> into ! deep] s\l ( ?+s4 ,9 8 writ+1 z 9 8 life1 t quiet is n ! l[-fly+ ( "o f ! fir/ dr[sy by *oice1 & ne$+ ! prick ( "s /rong passion or worldly ambition1 to /imulate him into all ! en]gy ( :i* he is capable2 b r ! reaction ( nature1 aft] an escape f fate1 d>k & insane z 9 old ,greek trag$y1 foll[+ ^u :i* ! s5se ( m]e relief becomes a k9d ( passion1 z ) "o :o1 hav+ n>r[ly escap$ e>?quake or %ipwreck1 f9ds a ?+ = grateful te>s 9 j sitt+ quiet at home1 "u ! wall1 till ! end ( days4 ,he felt ! g5ius ( places2 & ,i sometimes ?9k he resembles ! places he knew & lik$ be/1 & :]e 8 lot fell--,london1 sixty-five ye>s ago1 ) ,cov5t ,g>d5 & ! old !atres1 & ! ,temple g>d5s /ill unspoil$1 ,?ames glid+ d[n1 & beyond to nor? & s\? ! fields at ,enfield or ,hampton1 to :i*1 ) _! liv+ trees1 ! ?\ghts w&] f ! h>d wood ( ! desk--fields fre%]1 & com+ ne>] to t[n !n1 b 9 "o ( :i* ! pres5t writ] rememb]s1 on a brood+ e>ly summ]'s day1 to h he>d ! cuckoo = ! fir/ "t4 ,"h1 ! surface ( ?+s is c]ta9ly humdrum1 ! /reets d+y1 ! gre5 places1 :]e ! *ild goes a-may+1 tame en\gh4 ,b n[h]e are ?+s m apt to respond to ! bright] wea!r1 n[h]e is !re s mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ra9 & sun%9e1 n[h]e d ! cl\ds roll toge!r m gr&ly2 ^? qua9t suburban pa/orals ga!r a c]ta9 quality ( gr&eur f ! backgr\nd ( ! great city1 ) its weighty atmosph]e1 & port5t ( /orm 9 ! rapid light on dome & blea*$ /one /eeples4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #hf3 ,f ,appreciations1 #ahhi4 ,footnote #hg3 ,macabre3 v grim4 ,footnote #hh3 ,opus op]atum 7a phrase f ,ca?olic !ology73 ! "w p]=m$ ?r\gh ! sacram5ts--baptism1 confirmation1 etc4--! efficacy ( :i* is n dep5d5t on ! p>ticipants4 ,,dr4 ,,heidegg]',s ,,exp]im5t#hi ,,na?aniel ,,haw?orne ,t v s+ul> man1 old ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 once invit$ f\r v5]able fri5ds to meet him 9 8 /udy4 ,!re 7 ?ree :ite-be>d$ g5tlem51 ,mr4 ,m$b\rne1 ,colonel ,killigrew1 & ,mr4 ,gascoigne1 & a )]$ g5tlewoman1 ^: "n 0 ! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly4 ,!y 7 all melan*oly old creatures1 :o _h be5 un=tunate 9 life1 & ^: greate/ mis=tune x 01 t !y 7 n long ago 9 _! graves4 ,mr4 ,m$b\rne1 9 ! vigor ( 8 age1 _h be5 a prosp]\s m]*ant1 b _h lo/ 8 all by a frantic speculation1 & 0 n[ little bett] ?an a m5dicant4 ,colonel ,killigrew _h wa/$ 8 be/ ye>s1 & 8 heal? & sub/ance1 9 ! pursuit ( s9ful pleasures1 :i* _h giv5 bir? to a brood ( pa9s1 su* z ! g\t1 & div]s o!r torm5ts ( s\l & body4 ,mr4 ,gascoigne 0 a ru9$ politician1 a man ( evil fame1 or at lea/ _h be5 s1 till "t _h buri$ him f ! k ( ! pres5t g5]ation1 & made him obscure in/ead ( infam\s4 ,z = ! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly1 tradition tells u t %e 0 a great beauty 9 h] day2 b1 = a long :ile pa/1 %e _h liv$ 9 deep seclusion1 on acc\nt ( c]ta9 sc&al\s /ories1 :i* _h prejudic$ ! g5try ( ! t[n aga9/ h]4 ,x is a circum/ance wor? m5tion+1 t ea* ( ^! ?ree old g5tlem51 ,mr4 ,m$b\rne1 ,colonel ,killigrew1 & ,mr4 ,gascoigne1 7 e>ly lov]s ( ! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly1 & _h once be5 on ! po9t ( cutt+ ea* o!rs' ?roats = h] sake4 ,&1 be=e proce$+ fur!r1 ,i w m]ely h9t1 t ,dr4 ,heidegg] & all 8 f\r gue/s 7 sometimes ?\ght to be a little beside !mselves2 z is n unfrequ5tly ! case ) old p1 :5 worri$ ei!r by pres5t tr\bles or woeful recollections4 ,my de> old fri5ds1 said ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 motion+ !m to be seat$1 ,i am desir\s ( y\r assi/ance 9 "o ( ^? little exp]im5ts ) :i* ,i amuse myself "h 9 my /udy4 ,if all /ories 7 true1 ,dr4 ,heidegg]'s /udy mu/ h be5 a v curi\s place4 ,x 0 a dim1 old-fa%ion$ *amb] fe/oon$ ) cobwebs1 & bespr9kl$ ) antique du/4 ,ar\nd ! walls /ood sev]al oak5 bookcases1 ! l[] %elves ( :i* 7 fill$ ) r[s ( gigantic folios1 & black-lett] qu>tos1 & ! upp] ) little p>*m5t-cov]$ duodecimos4 ,ov] ! c5tral bookcase 0 a bronze bu/ ( ,hippocrates1 ) :i*1 accord+ to "s au?orities1 ,dr4 ,heidegg] 0 accu/om$ to hold consultations1 9 all difficult cases ( 8 practice4 ,9 ! obscure/ corn] ( ! room /ood a tall & n>r[ oak5 closet1 ) its door aj>1 )9 :i* d\btfully appe>$ a skeleton4 ,betwe5 two ( ! bookcases hung a look+-glass1 pres5t+ its high & du/y plate )9 a t>ni%$ gilt frame4 ,among _m wond]ful /ories relat$ ( ?is mirror1 x 0 fabl$ t ! spirits ( all ! doctor's deceas$ pati5ts dwelt )9 its v]ge1 & w\ld />e him 9 ! face :5ev] he look$ ?i!rw>d4 ,! opposite side ( ! *amb] 0 ornam5t$ ) ! full-l5g? portrait ( a "y lady1 array$ 9 ! fad$ magnific5ce ( silk1 sat91 & brocade1 & ) a visage z fad$ z h] dress4 ,above half a c5tury ago ,dr4 ,heidegg] _h be5 on ! po9t ( m>riage ) ?is "y lady2 b1 be+ affect$ ) "s slight disord]1 %e _h swall[$ "o ( h] lov]'s prescriptions1 & di$ on ! bridal ev5+4 ,! greate/ curiosity ( ! /udy rema9s to be m5tion$2 x 0 a pond]\s folio volume1 b\nd 9 black lea!r1 ) massive silv] clasps4 ,!re 7 no lett]s on ! back1 & nobody c\ld tell ! title ( ! book4 ,b x 0 well kn[n to be a book ( magic2 & once1 :5 a *amb]maid _h lift$ x1 m]ely to bru% away ! du/1 ! skeleton _h rattl$ 9 its closet1 ! picture ( ! "y lady _h /epp$ "o foot ^u ! floor1 & sev]al gha/ly faces _h peep$ =? f ! mirror2 :ile ! braz5 head ( ,hippocrates fr[n$1 & said--,=be>6 ,su* 0 ,dr4 ,heidegg]'s /udy4 ,on ! summ] aft]noon ( our tale1 a small r\nd table1 z black z ebony1 /ood 9 ! c5t] ( ! room su/a9+ a cut-glass vase ( beautiful =m & elaborate workman%ip4 ,! sun%9e came ?r\gh ! w9d[1 betwe5 ! heavy fe/oons ( two fad$ damask curta9s1 & fell directly across ?is vase1 s t a mild spl5dor 0 reflect$ f x on ! a%5 visages ( ! five old p :o sat ar\nd4 ,f\r *ampagne glasses 7 also on ! table4 ,my de> old fri5ds1 repeat$ ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 may ,i reckon on y\r aid 9 p]=m+ an exce$+ly curi\s exp]im5t8 ,n[ ,dr4 ,heidegg] 0 a v /range old g5tleman1 ^: ecc5tricity _h become ! nucleus = a ?\s& fanta/ic /ories4 ,"s ( ^! fables1 to my %ame be x spok51 might possibly be trac$ back to m9e own v]aci\s self2 & if any passage ( ! pres5t tale %\ld />tle ! read]'s fai?1 ,i mu/ be cont5t to be> ! /igma ( a fiction mong]4 ,:5 ! doctor's f\r gue/s he>d him talk ( 8 propos$ exp]im5t1 !y anticipat$ no?+ m wond]ful ?an ! murd] ( a m\se 9 an air pump1 or ! exam9ation ( a cobweb by ! microscope1 or "s simil> nons5se1 ) :i* he 0 con/antly 9 ! habit ( pe/]+ 8 intimates4 ,b )\t wait+ = a reply1 ,dr4 ,heidegg] hobbl$ across ! *amb]1 & return$ ) ! same pond]\s folio1 b\nd 9 black lea!r1 :i* common report affirm$ to be a book ( magic4 ,undo+ ! silv] clasps1 he op5$ ! volume1 & took f among its black-lett] pages a rose1 or :at 0 once a rose1 ?\gh n[ ! gre5 leaves & crimson petals _h assum$ "o br[ni% hue1 & ! anci5t fl[] seem$ ready to crumble to du/ 9 ! doctor's h&s4 ,?is rose1 said ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 ) a sigh1 ?is same )]$ & crumbl+ fl[]1 blossom$ five & fifty ye>s ago4 ,x 0 giv5 me by ,sylvia ,w>d1 ^: portrait hangs yond]2 & ,i meant to we> x 9 my bosom at our w$d+4 ,five & fifty ye>s x has be5 treasur$ betwe5 ! leaves ( ?is old volume4 ,n[1 w\ld y deem x possible t ?is rose ( half a c5tury c\ld ev] bloom aga98 ,nons5se6 said ! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly1 ) a peevi% toss ( h] head4 ,y might z well ask :e!r an old woman's wr9kl$ face c\ld ev] bloom aga94 ,see6 answ]$ ,dr4 ,heidegg]4 ,he uncov]$ ! vase1 & ?rew ! fad$ rose into ! wat] :i* x conta9$4 ,at fir/1 x lay lightly on ! surface ( ! fluid1 appe>+ to imbibe none ( its moi/ure4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 a s+ul> *ange began to be visible4 ,! cru%$ & dri$ petals /irr$1 & assum$ a deep5+ t+e ( crimson1 z if ! fl[] 7 reviv+ f a dea?-l slumb]2 ! sl5d] /alk & twigs ( foliage became gre52 & !re 0 ! rose ( half a c5tury1 look+ z fre% z :5 ,sylvia ,w>d _h fir/ giv5 x to h] lov]4 ,x 0 sc>cely full bl[n2 = "s ( its delicate r$ leaves curl$ mode/ly ar\nd its moi/ bosom1 )9 :i* two or ?ree dewdrops 7 sp>kl+4 ,t is c]ta9ly a v pretty deception1 said ! doctor's fri5ds2 c>elessly1 h[ev]1 = !y _h witness$ great] miracles at a conjur]'s %[2 pray h[ 0 x effect$8 ,did y nev] he> ( ! ',f\nta9 ( ,y\?'8 ask$ ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 :i* ,ponce ,de ,leon1 ! ,spani% adv5tur]1 w5t 9 se>* ( two or ?ree c5turies ago8 ,b did ,ponce ,de ,leon ev] f9d x8 said ! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly4 ,no1 answ]$ ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 = he nev] s\ght x 9 ! "r place4 ,! fam\s ,f\nta9 ( ,y\?1 if ,i am rightly in=m$1 is situat$ 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! ,floridian p59sula1 n f> f ,lake ,macaco4 ,its s\rce is ov]%ad[$ by sev]al gigantic magnolias1 :i*1 ?\gh numb]less c5turies old1 h be5 kept z fre% z violets1 by ! virtues ( ?is wond]ful wat]4 ,an acqua9tance ( m9e1 kn[+ my curiosity 9 su* matt]s1 has s5t me :at y see 9 ! vase4 ,ahem6 said ,colonel ,killigrew1 :o believ$ n a ^w ( ! doctor's /ory2 & :at may be ! effect ( ?is fluid on ! human frame8 ,y %all judge = y\rself1 my de> ,colonel1 repli$ ,dr4 ,heidegg]2 & all ( y1 my respect$ fri5ds1 are welcome to s mu* ( ?is admirable fluid1 z may re/ore to y ! bloom ( y\?4 ,= my own "p1 hav+ _h mu* tr\ble 9 gr[+ old1 ,i am 9 no hurry to gr[ "y aga94 ,) y\r p]mission1 !re=e1 ,i w m]ely wat* ! progress ( ! exp]im5t44 ,:ile he spoke1 ,dr4 ,heidegg] _h be5 fill+ ! f\r *ampagne glasses ) ! wat] ( ! ,f\nta9 ( ,y\?4 ,x 0 app>5tly impregnat$ ) an eff]vesc5t gas1 = little bubbles 7 cont9ually asc5d+ f ! dep?s ( ! glasses1 & bur/+ 9 silv]y spray at ! surface4 ,z ! liquor diffus$ a pleasant p]fume1 ! old p d\bt$ n t x possess$ cordial & com=table prop]ties2 &1 ?\gh utt] sceptics z to its rejuv5esc5t p[]1 !y 7 incl9$ to swall[ x at once4 ,b ,dr4 ,heidegg] bes\ght !m to /ay a mom5t4 ,be=e y dr9k1 my respectable old fri5ds1 said he1 x w\ld be well t1 ) ! exp]i5ce ( a lifetime to direct y1 y %\ld draw up a few g5]al rules = y\r guidance1 9 pass+ a second "t ?r\gh ! p]ils ( y\?4 ,?9k :at a s9 & %ame x w\ld be1 if1 ) y\r peculi> advantages1 y %\ld n become patt]ns ( virtue & wisdom to all ! "y p ( ! age6 ,! doctor's f\r v5]able fri5ds made him no answ]1 except by a feeble & tremul\s laugh2 s v ridicul\s 0 ! idea1 t1 kn[+ h[ closely rep5tance treads beh9d ! /eps ( error1 !y %\ld ev] g a/ray aga94 ,dr9k1 !n1 said ! doctor1 b[+2 ,i rejoice t ,i h s well select$ ! subjects ( my exp]im5t4 ,) palsi$ h&s1 !y rais$ ! glasses to _! lips4 ,! liquor1 if x really possess$ su* virtues z ,dr4 ,heidegg] imput$ to x1 c\ld n h be5 be/[$ on f\r human be+s :o ne$$ x m w(ully4 ,!y look$ z if !y _h nev] kn[n :at y\? or pleasure 01 b _h be5 ! (fspr+ ( ,nature's dotage1 & always ! gray1 decrepit1 sapless1 mis]able creatures1 :o n[ sat /oop+ r\nd ! doctor's table1 )\t life en\gh 9 _! s\ls or bodies to be animat$ ev5 by ! prospect ( gr[+ "y aga94 ,!y drank (f ! wat]1 & replac$ _! glasses on ! table4 ,assur$ly !re 0 an almo/ imm$iate improvem5t 9 ! aspect ( ! p>ty1 n unlike :at might h be5 produc$ by a glass ( g5]\s w9e1 toge!r ) a sudd5 gl[ ( *e]ful sun%9e1 bright5+ ov] all _! visages at once4 ,!re 0 a heal?ful suffusion on _! *eeks1 in/ead ( ! a%5 hue t _h made !m look s corpse-l4 ,!y gaz$ at "o ano!r1 & fanci$ t "s magic p[] _h really begun to smoo? away ! deep & sad inscriptions :i* ,fa!r ,"t _h be5 s long engrav+ on _! br[s4 ,! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly adju/$ h] cap1 = %e felt almo/ l a woman aga94 ,give u m ( ?is wondr\s wat]6 cri$ !y1 eag]ly4 ,we are y\ng]--b we are /ill too old6 ,quick--give u m6 ,pati5ce1 pati5ce6 quo? ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 :o sat wat*+ ! exp]im5t1 ) philosophic coolness4 ,y h be5 a long "t gr[+ old4 ,surely1 y might be cont5t to gr[ "y 9 half an h\r6 ,b ! wat] is at y\r s]vice4 ,aga9 he fill$ _! glasses ) ! liquor ( y\?1 en\gh ( :i* /ill rema9$ 9 ! vase to turn half ! old p 9 ! city to ! age ( _! own gr&*ildr54 ,:ile ! bubbles 7 yet sp>kl+ on ! brim1 ! doctor's f\r gue/s snat*$ _! glasses f ! table1 & swall[$ ! cont5ts at a s+le gulp4 ,0 x delusion8 ,ev5 :ile ! draught 0 pass+ d[n _! ?roats1 x seem$ to h wr\ght a *ange on _! :ole sy/ems4 ,_! eyes grew cle> & bright2 a d>k %ade deep5$ among _! silv]y locks2 !y sat ar\nd ! table1 ?ree g5tlem51 ( middle age1 & a woman1 h>dly beyond h] buxom prime4 ,my de> wid[1 y are *>m+6 cri$ ,colonel ,killigrew1 ^: eyes _h be5 fix$ ^u h] face1 :ile ! %ad[s ( age 7 flitt+ f x l d>kness f ! crimson daybreak4 ,! fair wid[ knew1 ( old1 t ,colonel ,killigrew's complim5ts 7 n always measur$ by sob] tru?2 s %e />t$ up & ran to ! mirror1 /ill dread+ t ! ugly visage ( an old woman w\ld meet h] gaze4 ,mean:ile1 ! ?ree g5tlem5 behav$ 9 su* a mann] z prov$ t ! wat] ( ! ,f\nta9 ( ,y\? possess$ "s intoxicat+ qualities2 unless1 inde$1 _! exhil>ation ( spirits 7 m]ely a lightsome dizz9ess1 caus$ by ! sudd5 removal ( ! weight ( ye>s4 ,mr4 ,gascoigne's m9d seem$ to run on political topics1 b :e!r relat+ to ! pa/1 pres5t1 or future1 c\ld n easily be det]m9$1 s9ce ! same ideas & phrases h be5 9 vogue ^! fifty ye>s4 ,n[ he rattl$ =? full-?roat$ s5t5ces ab\t patriotism1 national glory1 & ! p's "r2 n[ he mutt]$ "s p]il\s /uff or o!r1 9 a sly & d\btful :isp]1 s cauti\sly t ev5 8 own consci5ce c\ld sc>cely cat* ! secret2 & n[1 aga91 he spoke 9 measur$ acc5ts1 & a deeply def]5tial tone1 z if a royal e> 7 li/5+ to 8 well-turn$ p]iods4 ,colonel ,killigrew all ?is "t _h be5 troll+ =? a jolly bottle song1 & r++ 8 glass 9 symphony ) ! *orus1 :ile 8 eyes w&]$ t[>d ! buxom figure ( ! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! table1 ,mr4 ,m$b\rne 0 involv$ 9 a calculation ( doll>s & c5ts1 ) :i* 0 /rangely int]m+l$ a project = supply+ ! ,ea/ ,indies ) ice1 by h>ness+ a team ( :ales to ! pol> iceb]gs4 ,z = ! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly1 %e /ood be=e ! mirror c\rtesy+ & simp]+ to h] own image1 & greet+ x z ! fri5d :om %e lov$ bett] ?an all ! _w beside4 ,%e ?ru/ h] face close to ! glass1 to see :e!r "s long-rememb]$ wr9kle or cr['s-foot _h inde$ vani%$4 ,%e exam9$ :e!r ! sn[ _h s entirely melt$ f h] hair1 t ! v5]able cap c\ld be safely ?r[n aside4 ,at la/1 turn+ briskly away1 %e came ) a sort ( danc+ /ep to ! table4 ,my de> old doctor1 cri$ %e1 pray favor me ) ano!r glass6 ,c]ta9ly1 my de> madam1 c]ta9ly6 repli$ ! complaisant doctor2 see6 ,i h already fill$ ! glasses4 ,!re1 9 fact1 /ood ! f\r glasses1 brimful ( ?is wond]ful wat]1 ! delicate spray ( :i*1 z x eff]vesc$ f ! surface1 resembl$ ! tremul\s glitt] ( diamonds4 ,x 0 n[ s ne>ly sunset1 t ! *amb] _h gr[n duski] ?an ev]2 b a mild & moonlight spl5dor gleam$ f )9 ! vase1 & re/$ alike on ! f\r gue/s & on ! doctor's v5]able figure4 ,he sat 9 a high-back$1 elaborately-c>v$1 oak5 arm-*air1 ) a gray dignity ( aspect t might h well befitt$ t v ,fa!r ,"t1 ^: p[] _h nev] be5 disput$1 save by ?is =tunate company4 ,ev5 :ile quaff+ ! ?ird draught ( ! ,f\nta9 ( ,y\?1 !y 7 almo/ aw$ by ! expression ( 8 my/]i\s visage4 ,b1 ! next mom5t1 ! exhil>at+ gu% ( "y life %ot ?r\gh _! ve9s4 ,!y 7 n[ 9 ! happy prime ( y\?4 ,age1 ) its mis]able tra9 ( c>es1 & sorr[s1 & diseases1 0 rememb]$ only z ! tr\ble ( a dream1 f :i* !y _h joy\sly awoke4 ,! fre% gloss ( ! s\l1 s e>ly lo/1 & )\t :i* ! _w's successive sc5es _h be5 b a gall]y ( fad$ pictures1 aga9 ?rew its en*antm5t ov] all _! prospects4 ,!y felt l new-creat$ be+s1 9 a new-creat$ univ]se4 ,we are "y6 ,we are "y6 !y cri$ exult+ly4 ,y\?1 l ! extremity ( age1 _h effac$ ! /rongly-m>k$ *>act]i/ics ( middle life1 & mutually assimilat$ !m all4 ,!y 7 a gr\p ( m]ry y\ng/]s1 almo/ madd5$ ) ! exub]ant frolicsom5ess ( _! ye>s4 ,! mo/ s+ul> effect ( _! gayety 0 an impulse to mock ! infirmity & decrepitude ( :i* !y _h s lately be5 ! victims4 ,!y laugh$ l\dly at _! old-fa%ion$ attire1 ! wide-skirt$ coats & flapp$ wai/coats ( ! "y m51 & ! anci5t cap & g[n ( ! bloom+ girl4 ,"o limp$ across ! floor1 l a g\ty gr&fa!r2 "o set a pair ( spectacles a/ride ( 8 nose1 & pret5d$ to pore ov] ! black-lett] pages ( ! book ( magic2 a ?ird seat$ himself 9 an arm-*air1 & /rove to imitate ! v5]able dignity ( ,dr4 ,heidegg]4 ,!n all %\t$ mir?fully1 & leap$ ab\t ! room4 ,! ,wid[ ,wy*]ly--if s fre% a damsel c\ld be call$ a wid[--tripp$ up to ! doctor's *air1 ) a mis*iev\s m]rim5t 9 h] rosy face4 ,doctor1 y de> old s\l1 cri$ %e1 get up & dance ) me6 ,& !n ! f\r "y p laugh$ l\d] ?an ev] to ?9k :at a que] figure ! poor old doctor w\ld cut4 ,pray excuse me1 answ]$ ! doctor1 quietly4 ,i am old & rheumatic1 & my danc+ days 7 ov] long ago4 ,b ei!r ( ^! gay "y g5tlem5 w be glad ( s pretty a p>tn]4 ,dance ) me1 ,cl>a6 cri$ ,colonel ,killigrew4 ,no1 no1 ,i w be h] p>tn]6 %\t$ ,mr4 ,gascoigne4 ,%e promis$ me h] h& fifty ye>s ago6 exclaim$ ,mr4 ,m$b\rne4 ,!y all ga!r$ r\nd h]4 ,"o caught bo? h] h&s 9 8 passionate grasp--ano!r ?rew 8 arm ab\t h] wai/--! ?ird buri$ 8 h& among ! glossy curls t clu/]$ b5ea? ! wid['s cap4 ,blu%+1 pant+1 /ruggl+1 *id+1 laugh+1 h] w>m brea? fann+ ea* ( _! faces by turns1 %e /rove to dis5gage h]self1 yet /ill rema9$ 9 _! triple embrace4 ,nev] 0 !re a liveli] picture ( y\?ful rival%ip1 ) bewit*+ beauty = ! prize4 ,yet1 by a /range deception1 ow+ to ! dusk9ess ( ! *amb]1 & ! antique dresses :i* !y /ill wore1 ! tall mirror is said to h reflect$ ! figures ( ! ?ree old1 gray1 )]$ gr&-sires1 ridicul\sly cont5d+ = ! sk9ny ugl9ess ( a %rivell$ gr&am4 ,b !y 7 "y3 _! burn+ passions prov$ !m s4 ,inflam$ to madness by ! coquetry ( ! girl-wid[1 :o nei!r grant$ nor q )held h] favors1 ! ?ree rivals began to int]*ange ?reat5+ glances4 ,/ill keep+ hold ( ! fair prize1 !y grappl$ fi]cely at "o ano!r's ?roats4 ,z !y /ruggl$ to & fro1 ! table 0 ov]turn$1 & ! vase da%$ into a ?\s& fragm5ts4 ,! preci\s ,wat] ( ,y\? fl[$ 9 a bright /ream across ! floor1 moi/5+ ! w+s ( a butt]fly1 :i*1 gr[n old 9 ! decl9e ( summ]1 _h alight$ !re to die4 ,! insect flutt]$ lightly ?r\gh ! *amb]1 & settl$ on ! sn[y head ( ,dr4 ,heidegg]4 ,come1 come g5tlem56--come1 ,madame ,wy*]ly1 exclaim$ ! doctor1 ,i really mu/ prote/ aga9/ ?is riot4 ,!y /ood /ill1 & %iv]$2 = x seem$ z if gray ,"t 7 call+ !m back f _! sunny y\?1 f> d[n into ! *ill & d>ksome vale ( ye>s4 ,!y look$ at old ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 :o sat 9 8 c>v$ arm-*air1 hold+ ! rose ( half a c5tury1 :i* he _h rescu$ f among ! fragm5ts ( ! %att]$ vase4 ,at ! motion ( 8 h&1 ! f\r riot]s resum$ _! seats2 ! m readily because _! viol5t ex]tions _h we>i$ !m1 y\?ful ?\gh !y 74 ,my poor ,sylvia's rose6 ejaculat$ ,dr4 ,heidegg]1 hold+ x 9 ! light ( ! sunset cl\ds2 x appe>s to be fad+ aga94 ,& s x 04 ,ev5 :ile ! p>ty 7 look+ at x1 ! fl[] cont9u$ to %rivel up1 till x became z dry & fragile z :5 ! doctor _h fir/ ?r[n x into ! vase4 ,he %ook (f ! few drops ( moi/ure :i* clung to its petals4 ,i love x z well ?us1 z 9 its dewy fre%ness1 obs]v$ he1 press+ ! )]$ rose to 8 )]$ lips4 ,:ile he spoke1 ! butt]fly flutt]$ d[n f ! doctor's sn[y head1 & fell ^u ! floor4 ,8 gue/s %iv]$ aga94 ,a /range dullness1 :e!r ( ! body or _s !y c\ld n tell1 0 creep+ gradually ov] !m all4 ,!y gaz$ at "o ano!r1 & fanci$ t ea* fleet+ mom5t snat*$ away a *>m1 & left a deep5+ furr[ :]e none _h be5 be=e4 ,0 x an illusion8 ,_h ! *anges ( a lifetime be5 cr[d$ into s brief a space1 & 7 !y n[ f\r ag$ p1 sitt+ ) _! old fri5d1 ,dr4 ,heidegg]8 ,are we gr[n old aga91 s soon8 cri$ !y1 dolefully4 ,9 tru? !y _h4 ,! ,wat] ( ,y\? possess$ m]ely a virtue m transi5t ?an t ( w9e4 ,! delirium :i* x creat$ _h eff]vesc$ away4 ,yes6 !y 7 old aga94 ,) a %udd]+ impulse1 t %[$ h] a woman /ill1 ! wid[ clasp$ h] sk9ny h&s be=e h] face1 & wi%$ t ! c(f9 lid 7 ov] x1 s9ce x c\ld no long] be beautiful4 ,yes1 fri5ds1 we are old aga91 said ,dr4 ,heidegg]2 & lo6 ! ,wat] ( ,y\? is all lavi%$ on ! gr\nd4 ,well--,i bemoan x n2 = if ! f\nta9 gu%$ at my v door/ep1 ,i w\ld n /oop to ba! my lips 9 x--no1 ?\gh its delirium 7 = ye>s in/ead ( mom5ts4 ,su* is ! lesson ye h taught me6 ,b ! doctor's f\r fri5ds _h taught no su* lesson to !mselves4 ,!y resolv$ =?) to make a pilgrimage to ,florida1 & quaff at morn+1 noon1 & night1 f ! ,f\nta9 ( ,y\?4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #hi3 ,f ,twice ,told ,tales #ahcg4 ,,m>kheim#ij ,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son ,yes1 said ! deal]1 our w9dfalls are ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,"s cu/om]s are ignorant1 & !n ,i t\* a divid5d on my sup]ior k4 ,"s are di%one/1 & "h he held up ! c&le1 s t ! light fell /rongly on 8 visitor1 & 9 t case1 he cont9u$1 ,i pr(it by my virtue4 ,m>kheim _h b j ent]$ f ! daylight /reets1 & 8 eyes _h n yet gr[n famili> ) ! m+l$ %9e & d>kness 9 ! %op4 ,at ^! po9t$ words1 & be=e ! ne> pres5ce ( ! flame1 he bl9k$ pa9fully & look$ aside4 ,! deal] *uckl$4 ,y come to me on ,*ri/mas ,day1 he resum$1 :5 y "k t ,i am alone 9 my h\se1 put up my %utt]s1 & make a po9t ( refus+ bus9ess4 ,well1 y w h to pay = t2 y w h to pay = my loss ( "t1 :5 ,i %\ld be balanc+ my books2 y w h to pay1 besides1 = a k9d ( mann] t ,i rem>k 9 y to-day v /rongly4 ,i am ! ess5ce ( discretion1 & ask no awkw>d que/ions2 b :5 a cu/om] _c look me 9 ! eye1 he has to pay = x4 ,! deal] once m *uckl$2 & !n1 *ang+ to 8 usual bus9ess voice1 ?\gh /ill ) a note ( irony1 ,y c give1 z usual1 a cle> acc\nt ( h[ y came into ! possession ( ! object8 he cont9u$4 ,/ill y\r uncle's cab9et8 ,a rem>kable collector1 sir6 ,& ! little pale1 r\nd-%\ld]$ deal] /ood almo/ on tip-toe1 look+ ov] ! top ( 8 gold spectacles1 & nodd+ 8 head ) e m>k ( disbelief4 ,m>kheim return$ 8 gaze ) "o ( inf9ite pity1 & a t\* ( horror4 ,?is "t1 said he1 y are 9 error4 ,i h n come to sell1 b to buy4 ,i h no curios to dispose (2 my uncle's cab9et is b>e to ! wa9scot2 ev5 7 x /ill intact1 ,i h done well on ! ,/ock ,ex*ange1 & %\ld m likely add to x ?an o!rwise1 & my err& to-day is simplicity itself4 ,i seek a ,*ri/mas pres5t = a lady1 he cont9u$1 wax+ m flu5t z he /ruck into ! spee* he _h prep>$2 & c]ta9ly ,i owe y e excuse = ?us di/urb+ y ^u s small a matt]4 ,b ! ?+ 0 neglect$ ye/]day2 ,i mu/ produce my little complim5t at d9n]2 &1 z y v well "k1 a ri* m>riage is n a ?+ to be neglect$4 ,!re foll[$ a pause1 dur+ :i* ! deal] seem$ to weigh ?is /atem5t incr$ul\sly4 ,! tick+ ( _m clocks among ! curi\s lumb] ( ! %op1 & ! fa9t ru%+ ( ! cabs 9 a ne> ?or\ghf>e1 fill$ up ! int]val ( sil5ce4 ,well1 sir1 said ! deal]1 be x s4 ,y are an old cu/om] aft] all2 & if1 z y say1 y h ! *ance ( a good m>riage1 f> be x f me to be an ob/acle4 ,"h is a nice ?+ = a lady n[1 he w5t on1 ?is h& glass--fifte5? c5tury1 w>rant$2 comes f a good collection1 too1 b ,i res]ve ! "n1 9 ! int]e/s ( my cu/om]1 :o 0 j l y\rself1 my de> sir1 ! nephew & sole heir ( a rem>kable collector4 ,! deal]1 :ile he ?us ran on 9 8 dry & bit+ voice1 _h /oop$ to take ! object f its place2 &1 z he _h done s1 a %ock _h pass$ ?r\gh ,m>kheim1 a />t bo? ( h& & foot1 a sudd5 leap ( _m tumultu\s passions to ! face4 ,x pass$ z swiftly z x came1 & left no trace beyond a c]ta9 trembl+ ( ! h& t n[ receiv$ ! glass4 ,a glass1 he said ho>sely1 & !n paus$1 & repeat$ x m cle>ly4 ,a glass8 ,= ,*ri/mas8 ,surely n8 ,& :y n8 cri$ ! deal]4 ,:y n a glass8 ,m>kheim 0 look+ ^u him ) an indef9able expression4 ,y ask me :y n8 he said4 ,:y1 look "h--look 9 x--look at y\rself6 ,d y l to see x8 ,no6 nor ,i--nor any man4 ,! little man _h jump$ back :5 ,m>kheim _h s sudd5ly confront$ him ) ! mirror2 b n[1 p]ceiv+ !re 0 no?+ worse on h&1 he *uckl$4 ,y\r future lady1 sir1 mu/ be pretty h>d favor$1 said he4 ,i ask y1 said ,m>kheim1 = a ,*ri/mas pres5t1 & y give me ?is--?is damn$ rem9d] ( ye>s1 & s9s & follies--?is h&-consci5ce6 ,did y mean x8 ,_h y a ?\ght 9 y\r m9d8 ,tell me4 ,x w be bett] = y if y d4 ,come1 tell me ab\t y\rself4 ,i haz>d a guess n[1 t y are 9 secret a v *>itable man8 ,! deal] look$ closely at 8 companion4 ,x 0 v odd1 ,m>kheim did n appe> to be laugh+2 !re 0 some?+ 9 8 face l an eag] sp>kle ( hope1 b no?+ ( mir?4 ,:at are y driv+ at8 ! deal] ask$4 ,n *>itable8 return$ ! o!r1 gloomily4 ,n *>itable2 n pi\s2 n scrupul\s2 unlov+1 unbelov$2 a h& to get money1 a safe to keep x4 ,is t all8 ,de> ,god1 man1 is t all8 ,i w tell y :at x is1 began ! deal]1 ) "s %>pness1 & !n broke (f aga9 into a *uckle4 ,b ,i see ?is is a love mat* ( y\rs1 & y h be5 dr9k+ ! lady's heal?4 ,ah6 cri$ ,m>kheim1 ) a /range curiosity4 ,ah1 h y be5 9 love8 ,tell me ab\t t4 ,i1 cri$ ! deal]4 ,i 9 love6 ,i nev] _h ! "t1 nor h ,i ! "t to-day = all ?is nons5se4 ,w y take ! glass8 ,:]e is ! hurry8 return$ ,m>kheim4 ,x is v pleasant to /& "h talk+2 & life is s %ort & insecure t ,i w\ld n hurry away f any pleasure--no1 n ev5 f s mild a "o z ?is4 ,we %\ld r cl+1 cl+ to :at little we c get1 l a man at a cliff's edge4 ,e second is a cliff1 if y ?9k ^u x--a cliff a mile high--high en\gh1 if we fall1 to da% u out ( e feature ( humanity4 ,h5ce x is be/ to talk pleasantly4 ,let u talk ( ea* o!r2 :y %\ld we we> ?is mask8 ,let u be confid5tial4 ,:o kn[s1 we might become fri5ds8 ,i h j "o ^w to say to y1 said ! deal]4 ,ei!r make y\r pur*ase1 or walk out ( my %op4 ,true1 true1 said ,m>kheim4 ,en\gh fool+4 ,to bus9ess4 ,%[ me some?+ else4 ,! deal] /oop$ once m1 ?is "t to replace ! glass ^u ! %elf1 8 ?9 blond hair fall+ ov] 8 eyes z he did s4 ,m>kheim mov$ a little ne>]1 ) "o h& 9 ! pocket ( 8 greatcoat2 he drew himself up & fill$ 8 lungs2 at ! same "t _m diff]5t emotions 7 depict$ toge!r on 8 face--t]ror1 horror1 & resolve1 fasc9ation & a physical repulsion2 & ?r\gh a hagg>d lift ( 8 upp] lip1 8 tee? look$ out4 ,?is1 p]haps1 may suit1 obs]v$ ! deal]2 & !n1 z he began to re>ise1 ,m>kheim b\nd$ f beh9d ^u 8 victim4 ,! long1 skew]like dagg] fla%$ & fell4 ,! deal] /ruggl$ l a h51 /rik+ 8 temple on ! %elf1 & !n tumbl$ on ! floor 9 a heap4 ,"t _h "s score ( small voices 9 t %op1 "s /ately & sl[ z 0 becom+ to _! great age2 o!rs g>rul\s & hurri$4 ,all ^! told out ! seconds 9 an intricate *orus ( tick+s4 ,!n ! passage ( a lad's feet1 heavily runn+ on ! pavem5t1 broke 9 ^u ^! small] voices & />tl$ ,m>kheim into ! consci\sness ( 8 surr\nd+s4 ,he look$ ab\t him awfully4 ,! c&le /ood on ! c\nt]1 its flame solemnly wagg+ 9 a draught2 & by t inconsid]able movem5t1 ! :ole room 0 fill$ ) noiseless bu/le & kept heav+ l a sea3 ! tall %ad[s nodd+1 ! gross blots ( d>kness swell+ & dw9dl+ z ) respiration1 ! faces ( ! portraits & ! *9a gods *ang+ & wav]+ l images 9 wat]4 ,! inn] door /ood aj>1 & pe]$ into t leagu] ( %ad[s ) a long slit ( daylight l a po9t+ f+]4 ,f ^! fe>-/rick5 rov+s1 ,m>kheim's eyes return$ to ! body ( 8 victim1 :]e x lay bo? hump$ & sprawl+1 incr$ibly small & /rangely mean] ?an 9 life4 ,9 ^! poor1 mis]ly clo!s1 9 t unga9ly attitude1 ! deal] lay l s mu* sawdu/4 ,m>kheim _h fe>$ to see x1 &1 lo6 x 0 no?+4 ,& yet1 z he gaz$1 ?is bundle ( old clo!s & pool ( blood began to f9d eloqu5t voices4 ,!re x mu/ lie2 !re 0 none to "w ! cunn+ h+es or direct ! miracle ( locomotion--!re x mu/ lie till x 0 f\nd4 ,f\nd6 ay1 & !n8 ,!n w\ld ?is dead fle% lift up a cry t w\ld r+ ov] ,engl&1 & fill ! _w ) ! e*oes ( pursuit4 ,ay1 dead or n1 ?is 0 /ill ! enemy4 ,"t 0 t :5 ! bra9s 7 out1 he ?\ght2 & ! fir/ ^w /ruck into 8 m9d4 ,"t1 n[ t ! de$ 0 accompli%$--"t1 :i* _h clos$ = ! victim1 _h become in/ant & mom5t\s = ! slay]4 ,! ?\ght 0 yet 9 8 m9d1 :51 fir/ "o & !n ano!r1 ) e v>iety ( pace & voice--"o deep z ! bell f a ca!dral turret1 ano!r r++ on its treble notes ! prelude ( a waltz--! clocks began to /rike ! h\r ( ?ree 9 ! aft]noon4 ,! sudd5 outbreak ( s _m tongues 9 t dumb *amb] /agg]$ him4 ,he began to be/ir himself1 go+ to & fro ) ! c&le1 beleagu]$ by mov+ %ad[s1 & />tl$ to ! s\l by *ance reflections4 ,9 _m ri* mirrors1 "s ( home designs1 "s f ,v5ice or ,am/]dam1 he saw 8 face repeat$ & repeat$1 z x 7 an army ( spies2 8 own eyes met & detect$ him2 & ! s\nd ( 8 own /eps1 lightly z !y fell1 vex$ ! surr\nd+ quiet4 ,& /ill z he cont9u$ to fill 8 pockets1 8 m9d accus$ him1 ) a sick5+ it]ation1 ( ! ?\s& faults ( 8 design4 ,he %\ld h *os5 a m quiet h\r2 he %\ld h prep>$ an alibi2 he %\ld n h us$ a knife2 he %\ld h be5 m cauti\s1 & only b\nd & gagg$ ! deal]1 & n kill$ him2 he %\ld h be5 m bold1 & kill$ ! s]vant also2 he %\ld h done all ?+s o!rwise2 poignant regrets1 we>y1 incessant toil+ ( ! m9d to *ange :at 0 un*angeable1 to plan :at 0 n[ useless1 to be ! ar*itect ( ! irrevocable pa/4 ,mean:ile1 & beh9d all ?is activity1 brute t]rors1 l ! scurry+ ( rats 9 a des]t$ attic1 fill$ ! m remote *amb]s ( 8 bra9 ) riot2 ! h& ( ! con/able w\ld fall heavy on 8 %\ld]1 & 8 n]ves w\ld j]k l a hook$ fi%2 or he beheld1 9 gallop+ defile1 ! dock1 ! prison1 ! gall[s1 & ! black c(f94 ,t]ror ( ! p 9 ! /reet sat d[n be=e 8 m9d l a besieg+ army4 ,x 0 impossible1 he ?\ght1 b t "s rum\r ( ! /ruggle mu/ h rea*$ _! e>s & set on edge _! curiosity2 & n[1 9 all ! neighb\r+ h\ses1 he div9$ !m sitt+ motionless & ) uplift$ e>--solit>y p1 condemn$ to sp5d ,*ri/mas dwell+ alone on memories ( ! pa/1 & n[ />tl+ly recall$ f t t5d] ex]cise2 happy family p>ties1 /ruck into sil5ce r\nd ! table1 ! "m /ill ) rais$ f+]3 e degree & age & hum\r1 b all1 by _! own he>?s1 pry+ & he>k5+ & weav+ ! rope t 0 to hang him4 ,sometimes x seem$ to him he c\ld n move too s(tly2 ! cl9k ( ! tall ,bohemian goblets rang out l\dly l a bell2 & al>m$ by ! bigness ( ! tick+1 he 0 tempt$ to /op ! clocks4 ,& !n1 aga91 ) a swift transition ( 8 t]rors1 ! v sil5ce ( ! place appe>$ a s\rce ( p]il1 & a ?+ to /rike & freeze ! pass]-by2 & he w\ld /ep m boldly1 & bu/le al\d among ! cont5ts ( ! %op1 & imitate1 ) elaborate bravado1 ! movem5ts ( a busy man at ease 9 8 own h\se4 ,b he 0 n[ s pull$ ab\t by diff]5t al>ms t1 :ile "o portion ( 8 m9d 0 /ill al]t & cunn+1 ano!r trembl$ on ! br9k ( lunacy4 ,"o halluc9ation 9 p>ticul> took a /rong hold on 8 cr$ulity4 ,! neighb\r he>k5+ ) :ite face beside 8 w9d[1 ! pass]-by arre/$ by a horrible surmise on ! pavem5t--^! c\ld at wor/ suspect1 !y c\ld n "k2 ?r\gh ! brick walls & %utt]$ w9d[s only s\nds c\ld p5etrate4 ,b "h1 )9 ! h\se1 0 he alone8 ,he knew he 02 he _h wat*$ ! s]vant set =? swee!>t+1 9 h] poor be/1 out = ! day writt5 9 e ribbon & smile4 ,yes1 he 0 alone1 ( c\rse2 & yet1 9 ! bulk ( empty h\se above him1 he c\ld surely he> a /ir ( delicate foot+--he 0 surely consci\s1 inexplicably consci\s ( "s pres5ce4 ,ay1 surely2 to e room & corn] ( ! h\se 8 imag9ation foll[$ x2 & n[ x 0 a faceless ?+1 & yet _h eyes to see )2 & aga9 x 0 a %ad[ ( himself2 & yet aga9 behold ! image ( ! dead deal]1 re9spir$ ) cunn+ & hatr$4 ,at times1 ) a /rong ef=t1 he w\ld glance at ! op5 door :i* /ill seem$ to repel 8 eyes4 ,! h\se 0 tall1 ! skylight small & dirty1 ! day bl9d ) fog2 & ! light t filt]$ d[n to ! gr\nd /ory 0 exce$+ly fa9t1 & %[$ dimly on ! ?re%old ( ! %op4 ,& yet1 9 t /rip ( d\btful brightness1 did !re n hang wav]+ a %ad[8 ,sudd5ly1 f ! /reet outside1 a v jovial g5tleman began to beat ) a /aff on ! %op-door1 accompany+ 8 bl[s ) %\ts & raill]ies 9 :i* ! deal] 0 cont9ually call$ ^u by "n4 ,m>kheim1 smitt5 into ice1 glanc$ at ! dead man4 ,b no6 he lay q /ill2 he 0 fl$ away f> beyond e>%ot ( ^! bl[s & %\t+s2 he 0 sunk b5ea? seas ( sil5ce2 & 8 "n1 :i* w\ld once h caught 8 notice above ! h[l+ ( a /orm1 _h become an empty s\nd4 ,& pres5tly ! jovial g5tleman desi/$ f 8 knock+ & dep>t$4 ,"h 0 a broad h9t to hurry :at rema9$ to be done1 to get =? f ?is accus+ neighb\rhood1 to plunge into a ba? ( ,london multitudes1 & to rea*1 on ! o!r side ( day1 t hav5 ( safety & app>5t innoc5ce--8 b$4 ,"o visitor _h come3 at any mom5t ano!r might foll[ & be m ob/9ate4 ,to h done ! de$1 & yet n to reap ! pr(it1 w\ld be too abhorr5t a failure4 ,! money1 t 0 n[ ,m>kheim's conc]n2 & z a means to t1 ! keys4 ,he glanc$ ov] 8 %\ld] at ! op5 door1 :]e ! %ad[ 0 /ill l+]+ & %iv]+2 & ) no consci\s repugnance ( ! m9d1 yet ) a tremor ( ! belly1 he drew ne> ! body ( 8 victim4 ,! human "* _h q dep>t$4 ,l a suit half-/uff$ ) bran1 ! limbs lay scatt]$1 ! trunk d\bl$1 on ! floor2 & yet ! ?+ repell$ him4 ,al?\gh s d+y & inconsid]able to ! eye1 he fe>$ x might h m significance to ! t\*4 ,he took ! body by ! %\ld]s2 & turn$ x on its back4 ,x 0 /rangely light & supple1 & ! limbs1 z if !y _h be5 brok51 fell into ! odde/ po/ures4 ,! face 0 robb$ ( all expression2 b x 0 z pale z wax1 & %ock+ly sme>$ ) blood ab\t "o temple4 ,t 01 = ,m>kheim1 ! "o displeas+ circum/ance4 ,x c>ri$ him back1 ^u ! in/ant1 to a c]ta9 fair day 9 a fi%]s' village3 a gray day1 a pip+ w9d1 a cr[d ^u ! /reet1 ! bl>e ( brasses1 ! boom+ ( drums1 ! nasal voice ( a ballad s+]2 & a boy go+ to & fro1 buri$ ov] head 9 ! cr[d & divid$ betwe5 int]e/ & fe>1 until1 com+ out ^u ! *ief place ( conc\rse1 he beheld a boo? & a great scre5 ) pictures1 dismally design$1 g>i%ly col\r$3 ,br[nrigg ) h] appr5tice2 ! ,mann+s ) _! murd]$ gue/2 ,we>e 9 ! dea?-grip ( ,?urtell2 & a score besides ( fam\s crimes4 ,! ?+ 0 z cle> z an illusion3 he 0 once aga9 t little boy2 he 0 look+ once aga91 & ) ! same s5se ( physical revolt1 at ^! vile pictures2 he 0 /ill /unn$ by ! ?ump+ ( ! drums4 ,a b> ( t day's music return$ ^u 8 memory2 & at t1 = ! fir/ "t1 a qualm came ov] him1 a brea? ( nausea1 a sudd5 weakness ( ! jo9ts1 :i* he mu/ in/antly resi/ & conqu]4 ,he judg$ x m prud5t to confront ?an to flee f ^! consid]ations2 look+ ! m h>dily 9 ! dead face1 b5d+ 8 m9d to realise ! nature & greatness ( 8 crime4 ,s little a :ile ago t face _h mov$ ) e *ange ( s5tim5t1 t pale m\? _h spok51 t body _h be5 all on fire ) gov]nable en]gies2 & n[1 & by 8 act1 t piece ( life _h be5 arre/$1 z ! horologi/1 ) int]ject$ f+]1 arre/s ! beat+ ( ! clock4 ,s he reason$ 9 va92 he c\ld rise to no m remorseful consci\sness2 ! same he>t :i* _h %udd]$ be=e ! pa9t$ effigies ( crime1 look$ on its reality unmov$4 ,at be/1 he felt a gleam ( pity = "o :o _h be5 end[$ 9 va9 ) all ^? faculties t c make ! _w a g>d5 ( en*antm5t1 "o :o _h nev] liv$ & :o 0 n[ dead4 ,b ( p5it5ce1 no1 n a tremor4 ,) t1 %ak+ himself cle> ( ^! consid]ations1 he f\nd ! keys & advanc$ t[>ds ! op5 door ( ! %op4 ,outside1 x _h begun to ra9 sm>tly2 & ! s\nd ( ! %[] ^u ! ro( _h bani%$ sil5ce4 ,l "s dripp+ cav]n1 ! *amb]s ( ! h\se 7 haunt$ by an incessant e*o+1 :i* fill$ ! e> & m+l$ ) ! tick+ ( ! clocks4 ,&1 z ,m>kheim approa*$ ! door1 he seem$ to he>1 9 answ] to 8 own cauti\s tread1 ! /eps ( ano!r foot )draw+ up ! /air4 ,! %ad[ /ill palpitat$ loosely on ! ?re%old4 ,he ?rew a ton's weight ( resolve ^u 8 muscles1 & drew back ! door4 ,! fa9t1 foggy daylight glimm]$ dimly on ! b>e floor & /airs2 on ! bright suit ( arm\r po/$1 halb]t 9 h&1 ^u ! l&+2 & on ! d>k wood-c>v+s1 & fram$ pictures t hung aga9/ ! yell[ panels ( ! wa9scot4 ,s l\d 0 ! beat+ ( ! ra9 ?r\gh all ! h\se t1 9 ,m>kheim's e>s1 x began to be di/+ui%$ into _m diff]5t s\nds4 ,foot/eps & sighs1 ! tread ( regim5ts m>*+ 9 ! di/ance1 ! *9k ( money 9 ! c\nt+1 & ! creak+ ( doors held /eal?ily aj>1 appe>$ to m+le ) ! patt] ( ! drops ^u ! cupola & ! gu%+ ( ! wat] 9 ! pipes4 ,! s5se t he 0 n alone grew ^u him to ! v]ge ( madness4 ,on e side he 0 haunt$ & begirt by pres5ces4 ,he he>d !m mov+ 9 ! upp] *amb]s2 f ! %op1 he he>d ! dead man gett+ to 8 legs2 & z he began ) a great ef=t to m\nt ! /airs1 feet fl$ quietly be=e him & foll[$ /eal?ily beh9d4 ,if he 7 b deaf1 he ?\ght1 h[ tranquilly he w\ld possess 8 s\l6 ,& !n aga91 & he>k5+ ) ev] fre% att5tion1 he bless$ himself = t unre/+ s5se :i* held ! outpo/s & /ood a tru/y s5t9el ^u 8 life4 ,8 head turn$ cont9ually on 8 neck2 8 eyes1 :i* seem$ />t+ f _! orbits1 sc\t$ on e side1 & on e side 7 half-rew>d$ z ) ! tail ( some?+ nameless vani%+4 ,! f\r-&-tw5ty /eps to ! fir/ floor 7 f\r-&-tw5ty agonies4 ,on t fir/ /orey1 ! doors /ood aj>1 ?ree ( !m l ?ree ambu%es1 %ak+ 8 n]ves l ! ?roats ( cannon4 ,he c\ld nev] aga91 he felt1 be suffici5tly immur$ & =tifi$ f m5's obs]v+ eyes2 he long$ to be home1 girt 9 by walls1 buri$ among b$clo!s1 & invisible to all b ,god4 ,& at t ?\ght he wond]$ a little1 recollect+ tales ( o!r murd]]s & ! fe> !y 7 said to ent]ta9 ( heav5ly av5g]s4 ,x 0 n s1 at lea/1 ) him4 ,he fe>$ ! laws ( nature1 le/1 9 _! call\s & immutable proc$ure1 !y %\ld pres]ve "s damn+ evid5ce ( 8 crime4 ,he fe>$ t5fold m1 ) a slavi%1 sup]/iti\s t]ror1 "s scission 9 ! cont9uity ( man's exp]i5ce1 "s wilful illegality ( nature4 ,he play$ a game ( skill1 dep5d+ on ! rules1 calculat+ consequ5ce f cause2 & :at if nature1 z ! defeat$ tyrant ov]?rew ! *ess-bo>d1 %\ld break ! m\ld ( _! succession8 ,! l _h befall5 ,napoleon 7s writ]s said7 :5 ! w9t] *ang$ ! "t ( its appe>ance4 ,! l might befall ,m>kheim3 ! solid walls might become transp>5t & reveal 8 do+s l ^? ( bees 9 a glass hive2 ! /\t planks might yield "u 8 feet l quicks&s & deta9 him 9 _! clut*2 ay1 & !re 7 sob]] accid5ts t might de/roy him3 if1 = in/ance1 ! h\se %\ld fall & imprison him beside ! body ( 8 victim2 or ! h\se next door %\ld fly on fire1 & ! firem5 invade him f all sides4 ,^! ?+s he fe>$2 &1 9 a s5se1 ^! ?+s might be call$ ! h&s ( ,god rea*$ =? aga9/ s94 ,b ab\t ,god himself he 0 at ease2 8 act 0 d\btless exceptional1 b s 7 8 excuses1 :i* ,god knew2 x 0 !re1 & n among m51 t he felt sure ( ju/ice4 ,:5 he _h got safe into ! draw+-room1 & %ut ! door beh9d him1 he 0 aw>e ( a respite f al>ms4 ,! room 0 q dismantl$1 unc>pet$ besides1 & /rewn ) pack+ cases & incongru\s furniture2 sev]al great pi]-glasses1 9 :i* he beheld himself at v>i\s angles1 l an actor on a /age2 _m pictures1 fram$ & unfram$1 /&+1 ) _! faces to ! wall2 a f9e ,%]aton sidebo>d1 a cab9et ( m>quetry1 & a great old b$1 ) tape/ry hang+s4 ,! w9d[s op5$ to ! floor2 b by great good =tune ! l[] "p ( ! %utt]s _h be5 clos$1 & ?is conceal$ him f ! neighb\rs4 ,"h1 !n1 ,m>kheim drew 9 a pack+ case be=e ! cab9et1 & began to se>* among ! keys4 ,x 0 a long bus9ess1 = !re 7 _m2 & x 0 irksome1 besides2 =1 aft] all1 !re might be no?+ 9 ! cab9et1 & "t 0 on ! w+4 ,b ! clos5ess ( ! occupation sob]$ him4 ,) ! tail ( 8 eye he saw ! door--ev5 glanc$ at x f "t to "t directly l a besieg$ comm&] pleas$ to v]ify ! good e/ate ( 8 def5ces4 ,b 9 tru? he 0 at peace4 ,! ra9 fall+ 9 ! /reet s\nd$ natural & pleasant4 ,pres5tly1 on ! o!r side1 ! notes ( a piano 7 wak5$ to ! music ( a hymn1 & ! voices ( _m *ildr5 took up ! air & words4 ,h[ /ately1 h[ com=table 0 ! melody6 ,h[ fre% ! y\?ful voices6 ,m>kheim gave e> to x smil+ly1 z he sort$ out ! keys2 & 8 m9d 0 ?rong$ ) answ]able ideas & images2 *ur*-go+ *ildr5 & ! peal+ ( ! high organ2 *ildr5 afield1 ba!rs by ! brookside1 rambl]s on ! brambly common1 kite-fly]s 9 ! w9dy & cl\d-navigat$ sky2 & !n1 at ano!r cad5ce ( ! hymn1 back aga9 to *ur*1 & ! somnol5ce ( summ] ,sundays1 & ! high g5teel voice ( ! p>son 7:i* he smil$ a little to recall7 & ! pa9t$ ,jacobean tombs1 & ! dim lett]+ ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 9 ! *ancel4 ,& z he sat ?us1 at once busy & abs5t1 he 0 />tl$ to 8 feet4 ,a fla% ( ice1 a fla% ( fire1 a bur/+ gu% ( blood1 w5t ov] him1 & !n he /ood transfix$ & ?rill+4 ,a /ep m\nt$ ! /air sl[ly & /eadily1 & pres5tly a h& 0 laid ^u ! knob1 & ! lock click$1 & ! door op5$4 ,fe> held ,m>kheim 9 a vice4 ,:at to expect he knew n1 :e!r ! dead man walk+1 or ! (ficial m9i/]s ( human ju/ice1 or "s *ance witness bl9dly /umbl+ 9 to consign him to ! gall[s4 ,b :5 a face 0 ?ru/ into ! ap]ture1 glanc$ r\nd ! room1 look$ at him1 nodd$ & smil$ z if 9 fri5dly recognition1 & !n )drew aga91 & ! door clos$ beh9d x1 8 fe> broke loose f 8 control 9 a ho>se cry4 ,at ! s\nd ( ?is ! visitant return$4 ,did y call me8 he ask$ pleasantly1 & ) t he ent]$ ! room & clos$ ! door beh9d him4 ,m>kheim /ood & gaz$ at him ) all 8 eyes4 ,p]haps !re 0 a film ^u 8 sight1 b ! outl9es ( ! newcom] seem$ to *ange & wav] l ^? ( ! idols 9 ! wav]+ c&le-light ( ! %op2 & at times he ?\ght he knew him2 & at times he ?\ght he bore a lik5ess to himself2 & always l a lump ( liv+ t]ror1 !re lay 9 8 bosom ! conviction t ?is ?+ 0 n ( ! e>? & n ( ,god4 ,& yet ! creature _h a /range air ( ! commonplace1 z he /ood look+ on ,m>kheim ) a smile2 & :5 he add$1 ,y are look+ = ! money1 ,i believe8 x 0 9 ! tones ( ev]yday polit5ess4 ,m>kheim made no answ]4 ,i %\ld w>n y1 resum$ ! o!r1 t ! maid has left h] swee!>t e>li] ?an usual & w soon be "h4 ,if ,mr4 ,m>kheim be f\nd 9 ?is h\se1 ,i ne$ n describe to him ! consequ5ces4 ,y "k me8 cri$ ! murd]]4 ,! visitor smil$4 ,y h long be5 a fav\rite ( m9e1 he said2 & ,i h long obs]v$ & (t5 s\ght to help y4 ,:at are y8 cri$ ,m>kheim2 ! devil8 ,:at ,i may be1 return$ ! o!r1 _c affect ! s]vice ,i propose to r5d] y4 ,x c1 cri$ ,m>kheim2 x does6 ,be help$ by y8 ,no1 nev]2 n by y6 ,y d n "k me yet2 ?ank ,god1 y d n "k me6 ,i "k y1 repli$ ! visitant1 ) a sort ( k9d sev]ity or r firmness4 ,i "k y to ! s\l4 ,"k me6 cri$ ,m>kheim4 ,:o c d s8 ,my life is b a trave/y & sl&] on myself4 ,i h liv$ to belie my nature4 ,all m5 d2 all m5 are bett] ?an ?is disguise t gr[s ab\t & /ifles !m4 ,y see ea* dragg$ away by life1 l "o :om bravos h seiz$ & muffl$ 9 a cloak4 ,if !y _h _! own control--if y c\ld see _! faces1 !y w\ld be altoge!r diff]5t1 !y w\ld %9e out = h]oes & sa9ts6 ,i am worse ?an mo/2 myself is m ov]laid2 my excuse is kn[n to me & ,god4 ,b1 _h ,i ! "t1 ,i c\ld disclose myself4 ,to me8 inquir$ ! visitant4 ,to y be=e all1 return$ ! murd]]4 ,i suppos$ y 7 intellig5t4 ,i ?\ght--s9ce y exi/--y w\ld prove a read] ( ! he>t4 ,& yet y w\ld propose to judge me by my acts6 ,?9k ( x2 my acts6 ,i 0 born & ,i h liv$ 9 a l& ( giants2 giants h dragg$ me by ! wri/s s9ce ,i 0 born out ( my "m--! giants ( circum/ance4 ,& y w\ld judge me by my acts6 ,b c y n look )98 ,c y n und]/& t evil is hateful to me8 ,c y n see )9 me ! cle> writ+ ( consci5ce1 nev] blurr$ by any wilful sophi/ry1 al?\gh too (t5 disreg>d$8 ,c y n read me = a ?+ t surely mu/ be common z humanity--! unwill+ s9n]8 ,all ?is is v feel+ly express$1 0 ! reply1 b x reg>ds me n4 ,^! po9ts ( consi/5cy are beyond my prov9ce1 & ,i c>e n 9 ! lea/ by :at compulsion y may h be5 dragg$ away1 s z y are b c>ri$ 9 ! "r direction4 ,b "t flies2 ! s]vant delays1 look+ 9 ! faces ( ! cr[d & at ! pictures on ! ho>d+s1 b /ill %e keeps mov+ ne>]2 & rememb]1 x is z if ! gall[s itself 0 /rid+ t[>ds y ?r\gh ! ,*ri/mas /reets6 ,%all ,i help y2 ,i1 :o "k all8 ,%all ,i tell y :]e to f9d ! money8 ,= :at price8 ask$ ,m>kheim4 ,i (f] y ! s]vice = a ,*ri/mas gift1 return$ ! o!r4 ,m>kheim c\ld n refra9 f smil+ ) a k9d ( bitt] triumph4 ,no1 said he1 ,i w take no?+ at y\r h&s2 if ,i 7 dy+ ( ?ir/1 & x 0 y\r h& t put ! pit*] to my lips1 ,i %\ld f9d ! c\rage to refuse4 ,x may be cr$ul\s1 b ,i w d no?+ to commit myself to evil4 ,i h no objection to a dea?-b$ rep5tance1 obs]v$ ! visitant4 ,because y disbelieve _! efficacy6 ,m>kheim cri$4 ,i d n say s1 return$ ! o!r2 b ,i look on ^! ?+s f a diff]5t side1 & :5 ! life is done my int]e/ falls4 ,! man has liv$ to s]ve me1 to spread black looks "u col\r ( religion1 or to s[ t>es 9 ! :eat-field1 z y d1 9 a c\rse ( weak compliance ) desire4 ,n[ t he draws s ne> to 8 deliv]ance1 he c add b "o act ( s]vice--to rep5t1 to die smil+1 & ?us to build up 9 confid5ce & hope ! m timor\s ( my surviv+ foll[]s4 ,i am n s h>d a ma/]4 ,try me4 ,accept my help4 ,please y\rself 9 life z y h done hi!rto2 please y\rself m amply1 spread y\r elb[s at ! bo>d2 & :5 ! night beg9s to fall & ! curta9s to be drawn1 ,i tell y1 = y\r great] com=t1 t y w f9d x ev5 easy to comp\nd y\r qu>rel ) y\r consci5ce1 & to make a truckl+ peace ) ,god4 ,i came b n[ f su* a dea?-b$1 & ! room 0 full ( s9c]e m\rn]s1 li/5+ to ! man's la/ words3 & :5 ,i look$ into t face1 :i* _h be5 set z a fl9t aga9/ m]cy1 ,i f\nd x smil+ ) hope4 ,& d y1 !n1 suppose me su* a creature8 ask$ ,m>kheim4 ,d y ?9k ,i h no m g5]\s aspirations ?an to s91 & s91 & s91 &1 at la/1 sneak into heav58 ,my he>t rises at ! ?\ght4 ,is ?is1 !n1 y\r exp]i5ce ( mank9d8 or is x because y f9d me ) r$ h&s t y presume su* bas5ess8 & is ?is crime ( murd] inde$ s impi\s z to dry up ! v spr+s ( good8 ,murd] is to me no special category1 repli$ ! o!r4 ,all s9s are murd]1 ev5 z all life is w>4 ,i behold y\r race1 l />v+ m>9]s on a raft1 pluck+ cru/s out ( ! h&s ( fam9e & fe$+ on ea* o!r's lives4 ,i foll[ s9s beyond ! mom5t ( _! act+2 ,i f9d 9 all t ! la/ consequ5ce is dea?2 & to my eyes1 ! pretty maid :o ?w>ts h] "m ) su* tak+ graces on a "q ( a ball1 drips no less visibly ) human gore ?an su* a murd]] z y\rself4 ,d ,i say t ,i foll[ s9s8 ,i foll[ virtues also2 !y diff] n by ! ?ickness ( a nail1 !y are bo? scy!s = ! reap+ angel ( ,dea?4 ,evil1 = :i* ,i live1 consi/s n 9 action1 b 9 "*4 ,! bad man is de> to me2 n ! bad act1 ^: fruits1 if we c\ld foll[ !m f> en\gh d[n ! hurtl+ cat>act ( ! ages1 might yet be f\nd m bless$ ?an ^? ( ! r>e/ virtues4 ,& x is n because y h kill$ a deal]1 b because y are ,m>kheim1 t ,i (f]$ to =w>d y\r escape4 ,i w lay my he>t op5 to y1 answ]$ ,m>kheim4 ,?is crime on :i* y f9d me is my la/4 ,on my way to x ,i h le>n$ _m lessons2 itself is a lesson1 a mom5t\s lesson4 ,hi!rto ,i h be5 driv5 ) revolt to :at ,i w\ld n2 ,i 0 a bond-slave to pov]ty1 driv5 & sc\rg$4 ,!re are robu/ virtues t c /& 9 ^! temptations2 m9e 0 n s3 ,i _h a ?ir/ ( pleasure4 ,b to-day1 & out ( ?is de$1 ,i pluck bo? w>n+ & ri*es--bo? ! p[] & a fre% resolve to be myself4 ,i become 9 all ?+s a free actor 9 ! _w2 ,i beg9 to see myself all *ang$1 ^! h&s ! ag5ts ( good1 ?is he>t at peace4 ,some?+ comes ov] me out ( ! pa/2 some?+ ( :at ,i h dream$ on ,sabba? ev5+s to ! s\nd ( ! *ur* organ1 ( :at ,i =eca/ :5 ,i %$ te>s ov] noble books1 or talk$1 an innoc5t *ild1 ) my "m4 ,!re lies my life2 ,i h w&]$ a few ye>s1 b n[ ,i see once m my city ( de/9ation4 ,y are to use ?is money on ! ,/ock ,ex*ange1 ,i ?9k8 rem>k$ ! visitor2 & !re1 if ,i mi/ake n1 y h already lo/ "s ?\s&s8 ,ah1 said ,m>kheim1 b ?is "t ,i h a sure ?+4 ,?is "t1 aga91 y w lose1 repli$ ! visitor1 quietly4 ,ah1 b ,i keep back ! half6 cri$ ,m>kheim4 ,t also y w lose1 said ! o!r4 ,! sweat />t$ ^u ,m>kheim's br[4 ,well1 !n1 :at matt]8 he exclaim$4 ,say x be lo/1 say ,i am plung$ aga9 9 pov]ty1 %all "o "p ( me1 & t ! worse1 cont9ue until ! end to ov]ride ! bett]8 ,evil & good run /rong 9 me1 hal+ me bo? ways4 ,i d n love ! "o ?+1 ,i love all4 ,i c conceive great de$s1 r5unciations1 m>tyrdoms2 & ?\gh ,i be fall5 to su* a crime z murd]1 pity is no /rang] to my ?\ghts4 ,i pity ! poor2 :o kn[s _! trials bett] ?an myself8 ,i pity & help !m2 ,i prize love1 ,i love hone/ laught]2 !re is no good ?+ nor true ?+ on e>? b ,i love x f my he>t4 ,& are my vices only to direct my life1 & my virtues to lie )\t effect1 l "s passive lumb] ( ! m9d8 ,n s2 good1 also1 is a spr+ ( acts4 ,b ! visitant rais$ 8 f+]4 ,= six-&-?irty ye>s t y h be5 9 ?is _w1 said he1 ?r\gh _m *anges ( =tune & v>ieties ( hum\r1 ,i h wat*$ y /eadily fall4 ,fifte5 ye>s ago y w\ld h />t$ at a !ft4 ,?ree ye>s back y w\ld h bl5*$ at ! "n ( murd]4 ,is !re any crime1 is !re any cruelty or meanness1 f :i* y /ill recoil8--five ye>s f n[ ,i %all detect y 9 ! fact6 ,d[nw>d1 d[nw>d1 lies y\r way2 nor c any?+ b dea? avail to /op y4 ,x is true1 ,m>kheim said huskily1 ,i h 9 "s degree compli$ ) evil4 ,b x is s ) all3 ! v sa9ts1 9 ! m]e ex]cise ( liv+1 gr[ less da9ty1 & take on ! tone ( _! surr\nd+s4 ,i w prop\nd to y "o simple "q1 said ! o!r2 & z y answ]1 ,i %all read to y y\r moral horoscope4 ,y h gr[n 9 _m ?+s m lax2 possibly y d "r to be s2 & at any acc\nt1 x is ! same ) all m54 ,b grant+ t1 are y 9 any "o p>ticul>1 h[ev] trifl+1 m difficult to please ) y\r own conduct1 or d y g 9 all ?+s ) a loos] re98 ,9 any "o8 repeat$ ,m>kheim1 ) an angui% ( consid]ation4 ,no1 he add$1 ) despair1 9 none6 ,i h gone d[n 9 all4 ,!n1 said1 ! visitor1 cont5t y\rself ) :at y are1 = y w nev] *ange2 & ! words ( y\r "p on ?is /age are irrevocably writt5 d[n4 ,m>kheim /ood = a long :ile sil5t1 & inde$ x 0 ! visitor :o fir/ broke ! sil5ce4 ,t be+ s1 he said1 %all ,i %[ y ! money8 ,& grace8 cri$ ,m>kheim4 ,h y n tri$ x8 return$ ! o!r4 ,two or ?ree ye>s ago1 did ,i n see y on ! plat=m ( revival meet+s1 & 0 n y\r voice ! l\de/ 9 ! hymn8 ,x is true1 said ,m>kheim2 & ,i see cle>ly :at rema9s = me by way ( duty4 ,i ?ank y = ^! lessons f my s\l2 my eyes are op5$1 & ,i behold myself at la/ = :at ,i am4 ,at ?is mom5t1 ! %>p note ( ! door-bell rang ?r\gh ! h\se2 & ! visitant1 z ?\gh ?is 7 "s conc]t$ signal = :i* he _h be5 wait+1 *ang$ at once 9 8 demean\r4 ,! maid6 he cri$4 ,%e has return$1 z ,i =ew>n$ y1 & !re is n[ be=e y "o m difficult passage4 ,h] ma/]1 y mu/ say1 is ill2 y mu/ let h] 91 ) an assur$ b r s]i\s c\nt5ance--no smiles1 no ov]act+1 & ,i promise y success6 ,once ! girl )91 & ! door clos$1 ! same dext]ity t has already rid y ( ! deal] w relieve y ( ?is la/ dang] 9 y\r pa?4 ,!nce=w>d y h ! :ole ev5+--! :ole night1 if ne$ful--to ransack ! treasures ( ! h\se & to make good y\r safety4 ,?is is help t comes to y ) ! mask ( dang]4 ,up6 he cri$2 up1 fri5d2 y\r life hangs trembl+ 9 ! scales2 up1 & act6 ,m>kheim /eadily reg>d$ 8 c\nsellor4 ,if ,i be condemn$ to evil acts1 he said1 !re is /ill "o door ( fre$om op5--,i c cease f action4 ,if my life be an ill ?+1 ,i c lay x d[n4 ,?\gh ,i be1 z y say truly1 at ! beck ( e small temptation1 ,i c yet1 by "o decisive ge/ure1 place myself beyond ! rea* ( all4 ,my love ( good is damn$ to b>r5ness2 x may1 & let x be6 ,b ,i h /ill my hatr$ ( evil2 & f t1 to y\r gall+ disappo9tm5t1 y %all see t ,i c draw bo? en]gy & c\rage4 ,! features ( ! visitor began to und]go a wond]ful & lovely *ange3 !y bright5$ & s(t5$ ) a t5d] triumph2 &1 ev5 z !y bright5$1 fad$ & dislimn$4 ,b ,m>kheim did n pause to wat* or und]/& ! trans=mation4 ,he op5$ ! door & w5t d[n/airs v sl[ly1 ?9k+ to himself4 ,8 pa/ w5t sob]ly be=e him2 he beheld x z x 01 ugly & /r5u\s l a dream1 r&om z *ance-m$ley--a sc5e ( defeat4 ,life1 z he ?us review$ x1 tempt$ him no long]2 b on ! fur!r side he p]ceiv$ a quiet hav5 = 8 b>k4 ,he paus$ 9 ! passage1 & look$ into ! %op1 :]e ! c&le /ill burn$ by ! dead body4 ,x 0 /rangely sil5t4 ,?\ghts ( ! deal] sw>m$ into 8 m9d1 z he /ood gaz+4 ,& !n ! bell once m broke out into impati5t clam\r4 ,he confront$ ! maid ^u ! ?re%old ) some?+ l a smile4 ,y _h bett] g = ! police1 said he2 ,i h kill$ y\r ma/]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ij3 ,fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahhe4 ,,supplem5t>y ,,read+s ,,) ,,"s ,,topics ,,= ,,discussion ,,& ,,= ,,composition 7,note4--,! selections nam$ bel[ are z a rule %ort2 &1 s9ce !y are conta9$ 9 /&>d works ( mod]n prose1 !y are accessible 9 ! av]age libr>y4 ,page numb]s 9 p>5!ses ref] to ! pres5t volume47 ,i4 ,,! ,,p]sonal ,,life 7a7 ,william ,hazlitt1 ,on ,p]sonal ,"*1 9 ,! ,pla9 ,speak]3 ,h[ ! ma9 !sis diff]s f t 9 ,em]son's ,self-,reliance 7page #a74 7b7 ,walt] ,pat]1 ,diaphaneit1 9 ,miscellane\s ,/udies3 ,! sub/ance ( ! ideal p]sonality "h del9eat$1 & h[ x diff]s f ! type sugge/$ by ,em]son4 7c7 ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,do+ z ,"o ,likes1 or ,hebraism & ,hell5ism1 9 ,culture & ,an>*y3 ,! ma9 pr9ciples ( p]sonal endeavor sugge/$ 9 ei!r ( ^! essays4 7d7 ,plut>*1 ,m>cus ,cato1 9 ,lives1 ,vol4 ,,ii ( ,cl\gh's translation3 #a4 ,cato's ,self-,reliance4 #b4 ,cato's type ( "* 9 ,am]ican public life4 7e7 ,walt] ,scott1 fragm5t ( ,autobiography1 9 ,lockh>t's ,life ( ,scott3 ,a comp>ison ( ,scott's e>ly tra9+ ) ,rusk9's4 ,see also ! e>ly *apt]s ( 7f7 ,trevelyan's ,life ( ,macaulay & 7g7 ,fr\de's ,life ( ,c>lyle4 7h7 ,*>les ,d>w91 ,autobiography1 9 ,life & ,lett]s3 #a4 ,! *ange :i* came ov] ,d>w9's attitude t[>d lit]ature4 #b4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ,d>w9's type ( m9d & ,lamb's z reveal$ 9 ,old ,*9a 7page #dj7 & ,pat]'s essay 7page #dcg74 ,,ii4 ,,education 7a7 ,r4,w4 ,em]son1 ,! ,am]ican ,s*ol>1 9 ,nature1 ,addresses1 ,lectures3 ,! ma9 po9ts 9 ! view "h giv5 ( education4 #b4 ,c]ta9 consid]ations1 some:at neglect$ by ,em]son1 b develop$ by ,newman 7page #eb74 7b7 ,woodr[ ,wilson1 ,! ,tra9+ ( ,intellect 7an address to ! ,phi ,beta ,kappa ,society ( ,yale ,univ]sity73 ,h[ f> y\r own c\rse ( /udy is fulfill+ ! requirem5ts "h set =?1 7c7 ,william ,hazlitt1 ,on ,application to ,/udy1 9 ,! ,pla9 ,speak]3 #a4 ,hazlitt's view ( ! /udy ( composition4 #b4 ,h[ ! pr9ciples ( application :i* he advocates may be appli$ to "s o!r /udy 9 :i* y are int]e/$4 7d7 ,t4,h4 ,huxley1 ,sci5ce & ,culture1 9 ,sci5ce & ,education3 #a4 ,h[ f> ! pr9ciples "h set =? be> out ,huxley's def9ition ( education 7page #dg74 #b4 ,! ma9 po9t at issue betwe5 ,huxley & ,arnold 7,arnold's essay1 page #ge1 is a reply to ,huxley71 & y\r own view ( ! matt] drawn f y\r own exp]i5ce4 7e7 ,j4,s4 ,mill1 ,inaugural ,address at ,/4 ,&rew's1 9 ,diss]tations1 ,vol4 ,,iv3 ,mill's ma9 cont5tions z to ! exact purpose & value ( ! /udy ( language & lit]ature 9 univ]sities4 7f7 ,h4,d4 ,?oreau1 ,read+1 9 ,wald53 ,! au?or's views 9 reg>d to read+ n done 9 connection ) s*ool "w4 7g7 ,a4,g4 ,balf\r1 ,pleasures ( ,read+1 9 ,essays & ,addresses 7writt5 z a reply to ,h>rison's claims1 page #ig73 ,! ma9 po9ts at issue betwe5 ,h>rison & ,balf\r1 & y\r own view ( ! matt]4 7h7 ,john ,lubbock1 ,! ,*oice ( ,books1 9 ,! ,pleasures ( ,life3 ,:e!r ?is essay goes to support ,h>rison's or ,balf\r's view1 & h[4 7i7 ,woodr[ ,wilson1 essays 9 ,m]e ,lit]ature4 7j7 ,john ,rusk91 ,sesame & ,lilies4 7k7 ,consult sev]al biographies ( great m5--= example1 ,morley's ,glad/one1 ,fr\de's ,c>lyle1 ,d>w9's ,life1 ,huxley's ,life--& make a comp>ative /udy ( _! e>ly read+4 ,,iii4 ,,recreation ,,& ,,travels 7a7 ,george ,santayana1 on ,"w & ,play1 sections #c & foll[+1 9 ,! ,s5se ( ,beauty1 ,"p ,i3 #a4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 work+ & play+4 #b4 ,! relation betwe5 ! s5se ( beauty & ! s5se ( pleasure4 7b7 ,william ,hazlitt1 ,on ,liv+ to ,"o's ,self1 9 ,table ,talk3 #a4 ,! g5]al me?od ( enjoy+ life1 :i* is develop$ "h & illu/rat$ fur!r 9 ,on ,go+ a ,j\rney 7page #aaf74 7c7 ,r4,l4 ,/ev5son1 ,walk+ ,t\rs1 9 ,virg9ibus ,pu]isque2 & ,roads1 9 ,essays ( ,travel3 #a4 ,! sev]al ways 9 :i* ^! essays reflect ,hazlitt's views2 ! po9ts :i* are peculi> to ,/ev5son4 #b4 ,h[ f> y\r own me?ods ( secur+ outdoor enjoym5t are 9 accord ) ,hazlitt's & ,/ev5son's4 7d7 ,w4,h4 ,hudson1 ,idle ,days1 9 ,idle ,days 9 ,patagonia3 ,:at ! au?or's s-call$ idl5ess consi/$ 94 7e7 ,francis ,p>kman1 ,hunt+ ,indians1 9 ,! ,oregon ,trail3 ,! m5tal exp]i5ces ( ! writ] himself 9 ! c\rse ( ! exploit he describes4 ,,iv4 ,,social ,,life ,,& ,,mann]s 7a7 ,r4,w4 ,em]son1 ,culture1 9 ,! ,conduct ( ,life3 ,! relation :i* ! c5tral ?\ght be>s to t ( ,behavior 7page #aed74 7b7 ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,sweetness & ,light1 9 ,culture & ,an>*y3 #a4 ,! *ief motives & *>act]i/ics ( culture4 #b4 ,! relation betwe5 culture & bodily vigor4 #c4 ,! ,social ,idea4 #d4 ,a comp>ison ( ,em]son's & ,arnold's attitude t[>d culture4 7c7 ,r4,w4 ,em]son1 ,mann]s1 9 ,essays1 ,second ,s]ies4 ,h[ ,em]son's view ( ! relation betwe5 mann]s & fa%ion supplem5ts ,sp5c]'s cont5tion 7page #agb74 7d7 ,h5ri ,b]gson1 ! fir/ "p ( ,*apt] ,i 9 ,laught]3 ,! function ( laught] 9 social life4 7g7 ,william ,hazlitt1 ,on ! ,_s ( ,obligations1 9 ,! ,pla9 ,deal]3 ,! relation betwe5 good s5se & good nature4 7f7 ,r4,l4 ,/ev5son1 ,! ,tru? ( ,int]c\rse1 9 ,virg9ibus ,pu]isque3 ,! complex mean+ ( tru?fulness 9 social life4 7g7 ,w4,m4 ,?ack]ay1 ,george ,,ii1 9 ,! ,f\r ,georges3 ,! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ,georgian society4 ,v4 ,,public ,,affairs 7a7 ,plato1 ,! ,apology1 9 ! ,dialogues1 translat$ by ,j[ett1 & by o!rs3 #a4 ,! "p play$ by ,socrates 9 ! public life ( ,a!ns4 #b4 ,:at function ,socrates c\ld fulfil 9 ,am]ican public life4 7b7 ,j4,s4 ,mill1 ,civilization1 9 ,diss]tations & ,discussions1 ,vol4 ,i3 ,! ill effects ( civilization1 & h[ !y may be ov]come4 7c7 ,h5ry ,george1 ,! ,p]si/5ce ( ,pov]ty amid ,advanc+ ,weal?1 9 ,book ,v ( ,progress & ,pov]ty3 ,george's exposition ( ! problem te/$ by y\r own exp]i5ce4 7d7 ,j4,s4 ,mill1 ,( ! ,dang]s to :i* ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t is ,liable1 9 ,consid]ations on ,repres5tative ,gov]nm5t3 ,! ext5t to :i* ,mill's cont5tions apply to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7e7 ,josiah ,royce1 ,"s ,am]ican ,problems1 9 ,! ,philosophy ( ,loyalty3 #a4 ,! g5]al solution propos$4 #b4 ,h[ ?is solution might be appli$ to "s public or college problem y "k (4 ,,vi4 ,,sci5ce 7a7 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,! ,g5esis ( ,sci5ce1 9 ,illu/rations ( ,univ]sal ,progress3 ,! ess5tial nature ( sci5ce4 7b7 ,t4,h4 ,huxley1 ,! ,me?od ( ,sci5tific ,inve/igation1 9 ,man's ,place 9 ,nature3 ,! relation betwe5 sci5tific & ev]yday modes ( ?9k+4 7c7 ,john ,tyndall1 ,on ! nature & function ( ! sun1 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv ( ,heat z a ,mode ( ,motion3 ,! g5]al relation betwe5 ! facts pres5t$ by ,tyndall & ^? pres5t$ 9 ,! ,physical ,basis ( ,life 7page #bdj74 7d7 ,a4,r4 ,wallace1 ,d>w9ism z ,appli$ to ,man1 9 ,d>w9ism3 ,a comp>ison ( ?is piece1 9 respect to aim & me?od1 ) ,d>w9's ,m5tal ,p[]s ( ,m5 & ,animals 7page #bfc74 7e7 ,*>les ,d>w91 ,on ! fl[] ( ! ladies' slipp]1 9 ,*apt] ,,viii ( ,f]tilization ( ,or*ids by ,insects4 7f7 ,t4,h4 ,huxley1 ,on ! ,=mation ( ,coal1 9 ,disc\rses ,biological4 ,,vii4 ,,nature 7a7 ,r4,w4 ,em]son1 ,nature1 9 ,essays1 ,second ,s]ies3 ,! effect ( nature on ! human m9d4 7b7 ,h4,d4 ,?oreau1 ,spr+1 9 ,wald53 #a4 ,! =mative pr9ciple 9 nature4 #b4 ,a comp>ison ( ,?oreau's attitude t[>d nature1 z reveal$ "h & 9 ,wald5 ,pond 7page #cjf71 ) t ( ,em]son4 7c7 ,john ,burr\ghs1 ,! ,pa/oral ,bees 9 ,locu/s & ,wild ,honey3 ,! communal life ( ! bees4 7d7 ,w4,h4 ,hudson1 ,! ,p]fume ( an ,ev5+ ,primrose1 9 ,idle ,days 9 ,patagonia3 ,! association ( ph5om5a ( nature ) ev5ts 9 "o's life4 7e7 ,leslie ,/eph51 ,sunset on ,mont ,blanc1 9 ,! ,playgr\nd ( ,europe3 ,an analysis ( ! circum/ances :i* comb9$ to give ?is sunset its peculi> int]e/4 7f7 ,john ,rusk91 descriptions ( wat]1 sky1 cl\ds1 & foliage 9 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s1 ,vol4 ,i 7look up passages o!r ?an ^? select$ = ! pres5t volume1 page #cbe73 9 ea* case1 di/+ui% ! *ief beautiful effect :i* ! au?or wi%es to br+ out4 ,,viii4 ,,conduct ,,& ,,inn] ,,life 7a7 ,william ,james1 ,! ,w to ,believe1 9 ,! ,w to ,believe1 & o!r ,essays3 ,! be>+ ( religi\s conviction on volition & conduct4 7b7 ,josiah ,royce1 ,loyalty to ,loyalty1 9 ,! ,philosophy ( ,loyalty3 #a4 ,! exact mean+ ( ! title4 #b4 ,h[ ! ma9 !sis is fundam5tal = ,loyalty & ,insight 7page #cfe74 7c7 ,r4,w4 ,em]son1 ,! ,ov]-,s\l1 9 ,essays1 ,fir/ ,s]ies3 #a4 ,h[ ! conception "h develop$ appe>s aga9 9 o!r essays ( ,em]son :i* y h read4 #b4 ,h[ ,em]son's attitude t[>d spiritual tru? diff]s f t ( ,james2 see 7a71 above4 7d7 ,josiah ,royce1 ,:at is ,vital 9 ,*ri/ianity8 9 ,william ,james & ,o!r ,essays3 ,! c5tral ?\ght z comp>$ ) ,seeley's 7page #cea74 7e7 ,george ,santayana1 ,! ,poetry ( ,*ri/ian ,dogma1 9 ,poetry & ,religion3 ,! full significance ( ! title4 7f7 ,j4,r4 ,seeley1 ,*ri/'s ,royalty1 9 ,ecce ,homo3 ,! significance ( ! t]m ,k+ z appli$ to ,*ri/4 7g7 ,g4,l4 ,dick9son1 ,! ,greek ,view ( ,religion1 9 ,! ,greek ,view ( ,life3 #a4 ,h[ ! ,greek diff]s f ! ,*ri/ian view4 #b4 ,! mo/ admirable features ( ! ,greek view4 7h7 ,walt] ,pat]1 ,a ,/udy ( ,dionysus1 9 ,greek ,/udies3 ,:at ,dionysus 0 symbolic (4 7i7 ,william ,james1 ,habit1 9 ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,i3 ,! significance ( habits1 te/$ by y\r own exp]i5ce4 7j7 ,w4,e4,h4 ,lecky1 ,! ,managem5t ( ,"*1 9 ,! ,map ( ,life3 ,specific me?ods by :i* "o may mold "o's own "*4 ,,ix4 ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,art 7a7 ,george ,santayana1 ,art & ,happ9ess1 9 ,! ,life ( ,reason1 ,vol4 ,,iv3 #a4 ,:at is ,art8 #b4 ,! position ( lit]ature among ! arts4 #c4 ,:at art ne$s at ! pres5t day4 7b7 ,walt] ,bagehot1 ,on ,wordswor?1 9 ,essay on ,wordswor?1 ,t5nyson1 & ,br[n+3 ,! nature ( pure art4 7c7 ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,wordswor?1 9 ,essays 9 ,criticism3 ,a comp>ison ( ,arnold's ma9 !sis 9 reg>d to ,wordswor? ) ,bagehot's2 see 7b7 above4 7d7 ,g4,h4 ,lewes1 ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,s9c]ity1 9 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,success 9 ,lit]ature3 ,! relation betwe5 s9c]ity & success 9 lit]ature4 7e7 ,?omas ,c>lyle1 ,dante1 9 ,on ,h]oes & ,h]o-,wor%ip3 #a4 ,! *ief diff]5ces betwe5 ,dante & ,%akespe>e 7see page #dbc74 #b4 ,h[ ! pr9ciple ( s9c]ity 7see 7d7 above7 is illu/rat$ 9 ! case ( ,dante4 7f7 ,p4,b4 ,%elley1 ,def5ce ( ,poetry3 ,a comp>ison ( ,%elley's attitude t[>d poetry ) ,bradley's 7page #chi74 7g7 ,g4,l4 ,dick9son1 ,*apt] ,,iv 9 ! ,greek ,view ( ,life 7! "p prec$+ ! section repr9t$ 9 ! pres5t volume73 ,h[ ! pr9ciples det]m9+ ! nature ( ,greek trag$y appe> also 9 ! o!r ,greek arts4 7h7 ,s4,h4 ,but*]1 ,:at we ,owe to ,greece1 9 ,"s ,aspects ( ,greek ,g5ius3 ,ideals we h inh]it$ f ! ,greeks4 7i7 ,a4,c4 ,bradley1 ,! ,sub/ance ( ,%akespe>ean ,trag$y1 9 ,%akespe>ean ,trag$y3 ,! conception ( ! relations betwe5 good & evil :i* appe>s 9 ,%akespe>e's trag$ies4 7j7 ,sophocles1 ,o$ipus ,rex 7translat$ by ,gilb]t ,murray73 ,a comp>ison ( ! !me ( ?is trag$y ) ! !me ( ,%akespe>e's ,ri*>d ,,iii1 ,macbe?1 or ,le>4