,a ,h&book to ,agra & ! ,taj ,sik&ra1 ,fatehpur-,sikri & ! ,neighb\rhood by ,e4,b4 ,havell1 ,,arca4 #aijd ,preface ,?is little book is n int5d$ = a hi/ory or ar*ological treatise1 b to assi/ ^? :o visit1 or h visit$1 ,agra1 to an intellig5t und]/&+ ( "o ( ! greate/ epo*s ( ,indian ,art4 ,9 ! hi/orical "p ( x1 ,i h omitt$ unimportant names & dates1 & only attempt$ to give su* a sket* ( ! p]sonality ( ! greate/ ( ! ,great ,moguls1 & ( ! times 9 :i* !y liv$1 z is necess>y = an appreciation ( ! wond]ful monum5ts !y left beh9d !m4 ,india is ! only "p ( ! ,briti% ,empire :]e art is /ill a liv+ reality1 a portion ( ! p's spiritual possessions4 ,we1 9 our ignorance & affectation ( sup]iority1 make ef=ts to improve x ) ,we/]n ideas2 b1 s f>1 h only succe$$ 9 do+ x incalculable h>m4 ,x w\ld be wis] if we w\ld fir/ attempt to und]/& x4 ,among _m works to :i* ,i owe valuable in=mation1 ,i %\ld "n especially ,ersk9e's translation ( ,bab>'s ,memoirs2 ,muhammad ,latifs ,agra1 ,hi/orical & ,descriptive2 & ,edmund ,smi?'s ,fatehpur-,sikri4 ,my ackn[l$gm5ts are due to ,babu ,aban9dro ,na? ,tagore1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,pol:ele1 ,executive ,eng9e]1 ,agra1 & to ,mr4 ,j4,h4 ,m>%all1 ,director-,g5]al ( ! ,ar*ological ,survey ( ,india1 = k9d assi/ance r5d]$4 ,i am p>ticul>ly indebt$ to ,messrs4 ,john/on & ,h(fman1 ( ,calcutta1 = all[+ me to make use ( _! valuable collection ( photographs = ! illu/rations4 ,9 quot+ f ,b]ni]'s ,travels1 ,i h us$ ,con/able's translation1 ) ,messrs4 ,a4 ,con/able ,co4's k9d p]mission4 ,to ! ,editor ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft] ,i owe p]mission to make use ( my article on ,! ,taj & its ,design]s1 publi%$ 9 t ,review1 ,june1 #aijc4 ,,calcutta1 ,janu>y1 #aijd4 ,cont5ts ,,hi/orical ,,introduction ,! ,great ,moguls--,i4 ,bab>--,bab>'s ,connection ) ,agra--,,ii4 ,humayun--,int]regnum3 ,%]e ,%ah--,,iii4 ,akb>--,akb>'s ,connection ) ,agra--,,iv4 ,jahangir--,jahangir's ,connection ) ,agra--,v4 ,%ah ,jahan--,! ,monum5ts ( ,%ah ,jahan's ,reign at ,agra--,,vi4 ,aurangzb--,agra & ! ,lat] ,mogul ,emp]ors--,agra 9 ! ,mut9y4 ,,! ,,=t ,! ,mti ,masjid--,! ,d]sane ,d>waza--,! ,dwan-i-m--,jahangir's ,ci/]n--,! ,tomb ( ,mr4 ,colv9--,! ,inn] ,mna ,baz>--,! ,*itore ,gates--,! ,h9du ,temple--,! ,ma*hi ,bhawan--,! ,naj9a ,masjid--,! ,dwan-i-,khas--,jahangir's ,?rone--,! ,ba?s--,! ,samman ,burj--,! ,khas ,mahal--,! ,und]gr\nd ,*amb]s--,! ,anguri ,bagh--,%i% ,mahal--,! ,somna? ,gates--,! ,jahangiri ,mahal--,! ,sahmg>h4 ,,! ,j,,mi ,,masjid ,,! ,,taj ,! build+ ( ! ,taj--,! ,int5tion ( ! ,taj--,description4 ,,itm,d-,,ud-,,daulah',s ,,tomb ,,! ,,*,n-,,ka-,,rauza ,,! ,,ram ,,bagh ,! ,zuh>a ,bagh4 ,,sik&ra ,akb>'s ,tomb--,! ,kan* ,mahal--,suraj-,bhan-ka ,bagh--,m>iam ,zmni's ,tomb4 ,,o!r ,,build+s ,,& ,,tombs ,,at ,,or ,,ne> ,,agra ,! ,kali ,masjid--,alawal ,bilawal--,! ,hamman--,! ,roman ,ca?olic ,cemet]y4 ,,fatehpur ,,sikri ,! ,agra ,gate--,! ,naubat ,khana--,! ,m9t--,! ,daft> ,khana--,! ,palace--,! ,kwbgh--,! ,turki% ,sultana's ,h\se--,hakim's ,ba?s--,pa*isi ,bo>d--,! ,dwan-i-,khs--,! ,ankh-,mi*auli--,! ,yogi's ,seat--,! ,hospital--,! ,dwan-i-m--,! ,pan* ,mahal--,miriam's ,ko?i--,jodh ,ba's ,palace--,rajah ,birbal's ,h\se1 or ,birbal's ,daught]'s ,h\se--,! ,ha?i ,pol & ,adjo9+ ,build+s--,! ,jmi ,masjid1 or ,ca!dral ,mosque--,! ,bal& ,d>waza--,! ,/one-,cutt]s' ,mosque--,! ,h\ses ( ,abul ,fazl & ,faizi4 ,bh>atpur & ,o!r ,places 9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,agra3--,bh>atpur--,gov>dhan--,muttra--, b9drban4 ,,index ,li/ ( ,illu/rations ,! ,taj ,mahal ,plate ,i4 ,a ,/ate ,docum5t ) ,%ah ,jahan's ,royal ,h& & ,seal ,plate ,,ii4 ,%ah ,jahan1 ,f an ,old ,indian ,m9iature ,plate ,,iii4 ,! ,inn] ,delhi ,gate1 or ,ha?i ,pol1 ,agra ,=t ,plate ,,iv4 ,m>ble ,balcony1 ,ov]look+ ! ,inn] ,mna ,baz>1 ,agra ,=t ,plate ,v4 ,! ,samman ,burj1 ,agra ,=t ,plate ,,vi4 ,inn] ,c\rty>d ( ! ,jahangiri ,mahal1 ,agra ,=t ,plate ,,vii4 ,m>ble ,scre5 ,enclos+ ! ,tombs ( ,mumtaz ,mahal & ,%ah ,jahan ,plate ,,viii4 ,itmd-ud-daulah's ,tomb1 ,agra ,plate ,,ix4 ,int]ior ( ! ,upp] ,pavilion1 ,itmd-ud-daulah's ,tomb ,plate ,x4 ,m>ble ,s>cophagus on ! ,upp] ,/ory ( ,akb>'s ,tomb1 ,sik&ra ,plate ,,xi4 ,int]ior ( ,! ,dwan-i-,khs1 ,fatehpur ,sikri ,plate ,,xii4 ,rajah ,birbal's ,daught]'s ,h\se1 ,fatehpur ,sikri ,plate ,,xiii4 ,! ,bal& ,d>waza1 ,fatehpur ,sikri ,plans ,agra ,=t4 ,plan ( ! ,palaces ,fatehpur ,sikri4 ,plan ,%[+ ! ,position ( ! ,build+s ,fatehpur ,sikri4 ,plan ,%[+ ! ,walls & ,gates ,fatehpur ,sikri4 ,plan ( ,jodh ,bai's ,palace ,,agra ,hi/orical ,introduction ,agra has two hi/ories3 "o ( ! anci5t city on ! ea/1 or left1 bank ( ! riv] ,jumna1 go+ back s f> z to be lo/ 9 ! leg5ds ( ,kri%na & ( ! h]oes ( ! ,mhabhrata2 ! o!r ( ! mod]n city1 f\nd$ by ,akb> 9 ,a4,d4 #aeeh1 on ! "r bank ( ! riv]1 & among ,muhammadans /ill reta9+ its "n ( ,akb>abad1 :i* is intimately associat$ ) ! romance ( ! ,great ,moguls1 & kn[n ?r\gh\t ! _w z ! city ( ! ,taj4 ,( anci5t ,agra little n[ rema9s except a few traces ( ! f\ndations4 ,x 0 a place ( importance "u v>i\s ,h9du dyna/ies previ\s to ! ,muhammadan invasions ( ,india1 b its *equ]$ =tunes d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury are ! usual tale ( siege & capture by ,h9du or ,mussulman1 & possess little hi/orical int]e/4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #aeje ,sultan ,sik&> ,lodi1 ! la/ b "o ( ! ,afghan dyna/y at ,delhi1 rebuilt ,agra & made x ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,sik&ra1 ! burial-place ( ,akb>1 is nam$ aft] him1 & !re he built a g>d5-h\se :i* subsequ5tly became ! tomb ( ,m>iam ,zmni1 "o ( ,akb>'s wives4 ,! son ( ,sultan ,sik&>1 ,ibrahim ,lodi1 0 defeat$ & sla9 by ,bab> at ,panipat1 ne> ,delhi1 9 #aebf1 & f t "t ,agra became "o ( ! pr9cipal cities ( ! ,mogul ,empire :i* ,bab> f\nd$4 ,! ,great ,moguls4--,i4 ,bab>4 ,?\gh v few memorials ( ,bab>'s %ort b brilliant reign /ill exi/ at ,agra1 ! life ( ?is rem>kable man is s important a "p ( ! ,mogul dyna/y t x mu/ n be pass$ ov] by ! intellig5t t\ri/ or /ud5t ( ,mogul art4 ,x 0 ,bab>'s sunny disposition1 & ! love ( nature *>act]i/ic ( 8 race1 t br\ght back into ,indian art ! note ( joy\sness :i* x _h n kn[n s9ce ! days ( ,buddhism4 ,bab> is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ figures 9 ,ea/]n hi/ory4 ,he 0 desc5d$ f ,tam]lane1 or ,timur1 on 8 fa!r's side1 &1 on 8 "m's1 f ,*+hiz ,khan4 ,9 ! ye> #adid1 at ! age ( twelve1 he became k+ ( ,f>ghana1 a small k+dom ( ,c5tral ,asia1 n[ kn[n z ,kok&4 ,8 sov]eignty1 h[ev]1 0 ( a v prec>i\s t5ure1 = he 0 surr\nd$ on all sides by a horde ( rapaci\s1 intrigu+ relatives1 scrambl+ = ! fragm5ts ( ,timur's empire4 ,) h>dly a tru/wor?y ally except a rem>kably clev] & c\rage\s old gr&mo!r1 he /ruggl$ = ?ree ye>s to reta9 8 bir?right4 ,!n1 act+ on a sudd5 inspiration1 he made a da% = ,sam>k&1 ! anci5t capital ( ,timur1 & won x4 ,9 8 delightful memoirs ,bab> describes h[1 ) boyi% glee1 he pac$ ! ramp>ts himself1 w&]$ f palace to palace1 & revell$ 9 ! fruit-g>d5s ( :at 0 !n "o ( ! f9e/ cities ( ,asia4 ,b 9 less ?an a hundr$ days1 mo/ ( 8 %ifty ,mongol troops1 disappo9t$ 9 n f9d+ z mu* booty z !y expect$1 des]t$ & jo9$ a p>ty ( 8 enemies1 :o /raightway attack$ ,&ijan1 ! capital ( ,f>ghana1 :]e ,bab> _h left 8 "m & gr&mo!r4 ,be=e he c\ld come to _! rescue ,&ijan _h fall51 & at ! same "t ,sam>k&1 :i* he _h left1 0 occupi$ by ano!r ( 8 num]\s rivals4 ,?is d\ble mis=tune caus$ /ill m ( 8 foll[]s to leave him1 & he f\nd himself )\t a k+dom1 except ! little t[n ( ,khoj5d1 & ) only two hundr$ m54 ,= almo/ ! only "t 9 8 life he gave way utt]ly to despair4 ,i became a prey to melan*oly & vexation2 ,i 0 r$uc$ to a sore di/ress$ /ate & wept mu*4 ,be=e long1 h[ev]1 ,bab>1 rejo9$ by 8 "m & gr&mo!r1 :om ! captors ( ,&ijan _h sp>$1 tak+ advantage ( ano!r turn 9 ! :eel ( =tune1 recov]$ 8 k+dom ( ,f>ghana1 b lo/ ! great] "p ( x aga9 ?r\gh ano!r des]tion ( 8 ,mongol rascals4 ,a second "t1 ) only a h&ful ( m51 he surpris$ & captur$ ,sam>k& 7,a4,d4 #aejj74 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he ra%ly salli$ out aga9/ ,%aibani1 ! mo/ =midable ( 8 adv]s>ies1 0 defeat$1 &1 aft] va9ly try+ to hold ! city aga9/ ! victors1 0 =c$ to fly "u cov] ( ! night4 ,?is "t he did n weep1 b consol$ himself next morn+ by rid+ a headlong race ) two ( 8 companions4 ,rea*+ a village1 :]e !y f\nd nice fat fle%1 bread ( f9e fl\r well bak$1 sweet melons1 & excell5t grapes 9 great abundance1 ,bab> decl>$ t 9 all 8 life he nev] enjoy$ himself s mu* or felt s ke5ly ! pleasures ( peace & pl5ty4 ,he n[ took refuge among ! hills ne> ,uratipa1 f9d+ amusem5t 9 obs]v+ ! life ( ! villag]s1 & especially 9 conv]s+ ) ! "m ( ! headman1 an old lady ( a hundr$ & elev51 ^: desc5dants1 to ! numb] ( n9ety-six1 liv$ 9 ! c\ntry r\nd ab\t4 ,"o ( h] relatives _h s]v$ 9 ! army ) :i* ,timur _h invad$ ,india1 & %e ent]ta9$ ! future ,emp]or ( ,h9du/an by tell+ him /ories ( 8 ance/or's adv5tures4 ,aft] sev]al fruitless raids ) ! few troop]s :o rema9$ fai?ful to him1 he alli$ himself ) 8 two uncles1 ,mahmud & ,ahmad ,khan1 9 an attack aga9/ ,tambal1 "o ( ! p[]ful nobles :o _h revolt$ aga9/ him & set up ,jahangir1 8 bro!r1 on ! ?rone ( ,f>ghana4 ,at a critical mom5t 8 uncles left ,bab> to ! m]cy ( 8 enemy1 & he 0 aga9 =c$ to fly = 8 life1 hotly pursu$ by ,tambal's horsem54 ,he 0 ov]tak5 by two ( !m1 :o1 n d>+ to pit !mselves aga9/ ,bab>'s prodigi\s /r5g? & c\rage1 tri$ to inveigle him into a trap4 ,bab> gives a mov+ description ( ?is great crisis 9 8 life4 ,?or\ghly exhau/$1 & see+ no prospect ( escape1 he resign$ himself to die3-- ,!re 0 a /ream 9 ! g>d51 & !re ,i made my ablutions & recit$ a pray] ( two b[+s4 ,!n surr5d]+ myself to m$itation1 ,i 0 ab\t to ask ,god = ,8 compassion1 :5 sleep clos$ my eyes4 ,i saw 79 my dream7 ,khwja ,yakub1 ! son ( ,khwja ,yahya1 & gr&son ( 8 ,em95ce ! ,khwja ',obaid-,allah 7a fam\s sa9t ( ,sam>k&71 ) a num]\s escort1 m\nt$ on dappl$ grey horses1 come be=e me & say1 ',d n be anxi\s1 ! ,khwja has s5t me to tell y t he w support y & seat y on ! ?rone ( sov]eignty2 :5ev] a difficulty occurs to y1 rememb] to beg 8 help1 & he w at once respond to y\r appeal1 & victory & triumph %all /raightway lean to y\r side4' ,i awoke ) easy he>t1 at ! v mom5t :5 ,yusuf ! con/able & 8 companions 7,tambal's soldi]s7 7 plott+ "s trick to seize & ?rottle me4 ,he>+ !m discuss+ x1 ,i said to !m1 ',all y say is v well1 b ,i %all be curi\s to see :i* ( y d>es to approa* me1' ,z ,i spoke ! tramp ( a numb] ( horses 0 he>d outside ! g>d5 wall4 ,yusuf ! con/able exclaim$1 ',if we _h tak5 y & br\ght y to ,tambal1 our affairs w\ld h prosp]$ mu* !reby2 z x is1 he has s5t a l>ge troop to seize y2 & ! noise y he> is ! tramp ( horses on y\r track1' ,at ?is ass]tion my face fell1 & ,i knew n :at to devise4 ,at ?is v mom5t ! horsem51 :o _h n at fir/ f\nd ! gate ( ! g>d51 made a brea* 9 its crumbl+ wall1 ?r\gh :i* !y ent]$4 ,i saw !y 7 ,kutluk ,muhammad ,b>las & ,babai ,p>gri1 two ( my mo/ devot$ foll[]s1 ) t5 or tw5ty o!r p]sons4 ,:5 !y came ne> to my p]son !y ?rew !mselves (f _! horses1 &1 b5d+ ! knee at a respectful di/ance1 fell at my feet1 & ov]:elm$ me ) m>ks ( _! affection4 ,amaz$ at ?is app>ition1 ,i felt t ,god _h j re/or$ me to life4 ,i call$ to !m at once1 ',seize ,yusuf ! con/able1 & ! wret*$ traitors :o are ) him1 & br+ !m to me b\nd h& & foot1' ,!n1 turn+ to my rescu]s1 ,i said1 ',:5ce come y8 ,:o told y :at 0 happ5+8' ,kutluk ,muhammad ,b>ls answ]$1 ',aft] ,i f\nd myself sep>at$ f y 9 ! sudd5 flight f ,akhsi1 ,i rea*$ ,&ijan at ! v mom5t :5 ! ,khans !mselves 7 mak+ _! entry4 ,!re ,i saw1 9 a dream1 ,khwja ',obaid-,allah1 :o said1 ,pdi%ah ,bab> is at ?is in/ant 9 a village call$ ,k>mn2 fly ?i!r & br+ him back ) y1 = ! ?rone is 8 ( "r4 ,rejoic+ at ?is dream1 ,i relat$ x to ! big ,khan & little ,khan4444 ,?ree days h we be5 m>*+1 & ?anks be to ,god = br++ ab\t ?is meet+4' #a ,aft] ?is excit+ adv5ture ,bab> rejo9$ 8 "t-s]v+ uncles1 b 0 =c$ into exile aga9 9 #aejc1 :51 at ! battle ( ,ak%i1 ! ,khans 7 completely defeat$ by ,%aibani4 ,!n he resolv$ to dep>t out ( ,f>ghana & to give up ! attempt to recov] 8 k+dom4 ,*>act]i/ically1 :5 foil$ 9 "o ent]prise he ent]$ ^u ano!r yet m ambiti\s4 ,jo9$ by 8 two bro!rs1 ,jahangir & ,nasir1 & by a motley array ( v>i\s w&]+ tribes1 he swoop$ d[n ^u ,kabul & captur$ x4 ,! description ( ! new k+dom ?us easily won1 :i* fills _m pages ( ! ,memoirs1 reveals ano!r side ( ,bab>'s "*--8 int5se love ( nature4 ,he gives m9ute acc\nts ( ! climate1 physical *>act]i/ics1 ! fruits1 fl[]s1 birds1 & bea/s1 z well z ( ! human inhabitants4 ,9 ! int]vals betwe5 8 battles1 or betwe5 8 rollick+ dr9k+ p>ties1 :i* = "s ye>s ( 8 life deg5]at$ into drunk5 orgies1 we (t5 f9d ,bab> lo/ 9 admiration ( "s beautiful l&scape1 or collect+ fl[]s & plant+ fruit trees4 ,:]ev] he came1 ,bab>'s fir/ c>e 0 to dig wells & plant fruit & fl[] g>d5s4 ,india owes mu* to ! ,great ,moguls' love ( horticulture4 ,:5 ,bab> _h drill$ 8 unruly ,afghan subjects into some?+ l ord]1 he made1 9 #aejf1 "o m unsuccessful attempt to cru% ,%aibani4 ,h[ev]1 9 #aeaj1 :5 t d\ghty w>rior 0 defeat$ & sla9 by ,ismail1 ,%ah ( ,p]sia1 ,sam>k& fell once m into ,bab>'s h&s1 z a vassal ( ! ,%ah4 ,eight mon?s aft]w>ds he 0 driv5 out aga94 ,f t "t ,bab> gave up all hopes ( re-e/abli%+ ! empire ( 8 ance/or ,timur1 & turn$ 8 face t[>ds ,india4 ,9 #aeai he ga!r$ an army = 8 fir/ exp$ition1 :i* 01 h[ev]1 m ( a reconnaissance ?an a conque/4 ,f\r m attempts he made1 until at la/1 9 #aebf1 ) only #aj1jjj m51 he defeat$ ! ho/s ( ,ibrahim ,lodi1 ! la/ ( ! ,afghan k+s ( ,delhi1 :o1 ) #ae1jjj ( 8 troops1 7 left dead on ! field ( ,panipat4 ,?us1 aft] _m /ruggles1 ,bab> became ma/] & conqu]or ( ! mighty empire ( ,h9du/an1 b he _h to fight two m great battles be=e 8 sov]eignty 0 undisput$--"o 9 #aebg ne> ,fatehpur ,sikri1 ) ! great *ief ( ! ,rajputs1 ,raja ,sanga ( ,*itore1 & ano!r 9 #aebi ne> ,bux>1 ) ! ,afghans :o _h settl$ 9 ,b5gal4 ,! next ye> ,bab> di$ 9 8 g>d5 palace at ,agra ,! nobility ( 8 "* 0 conspicu\s 9 8 dea? z x 0 9 8 life4 ,he 0 devot$ly atta*$ to 8 elde/ son1 ,humayun1 :o 0 seiz$ ) mal>ial fev] :ile /ay+ at 8 c\ntry e/ate at ,sambhal4 ,bab> _h him remov$ by boat to ,agra1 b 8 physicians decl>$ t ! case 0 hopeless4 ,bab>'s own heal? _h suff]$ mu* dur+ 8 life 9 ,india1 & he 0 t]ribly agitat$ by ! news4 ,:5 "s "o sugge/$ t 9 su* circum/ances ! ,almighty sometimes deign$ to accept ! ?+ mo/ valu$ by "o fri5d 9 ex*ange = ! life ( ano!r1 ,bab> exclaim$ t ( all ?+s 8 life 0 de>e/ to ,humayun1 z ,humayun's 0 to him4 ,he w\ld sacrifice 8 own life to save 8 son4 ,8 c\rti]s entreat$ him to give up in/ead ! great diamond tak5 at ,agra1 said to be ! mo/ valuable on e>?4 ,bab> decl>$ t no /one c\ld comp>e 9 value ) 8 own life1 & aft] solemnly walk+ r\nd ,humayun's c\*1 z 9 a religi\s sacrifice1 he retir$ to devote himself to pray]4 ,soon aft]w>ds he 0 he>d to exclaim1 ,i h borne x away6 ,i h borne x away6 ,humayun began to recov]1 &1 z he improv$1 ,bab> gradually sank4 ,comm5d+ 8 son to ! protection ( 8 fri5ds1 & implor+ ,humayun to be k9d & =giv+ to 8 bro!rs1 ! fir/ ( ! ,great ,moguls ( ,india pass$ away4 ,he 0 buri$ at ,kabul1 9 "o ( 8 belov$ g>d5s1 :i*1 accord+ to ,t>t> cu/om1 he _h *os5 = 8 tomb1 9 ! sweete/ spot ( ! neighb\rhood4 #b ,bab>'s connection ) ,agra4 ,bab>'s connection ) ,agra began imm$iately aft] ! battle ( ,panipat4 ,he s5t =w>d ,humayun1 :o occupi$ ! t[n )\t opposition4 ,! /ory ( ! great diamond ref]r$ to above is "h record$ 9 ! ,memoirs4 ,! ,raja ( ,gwalior1 sla9 at ,panipat1 _h left 8 family & ! heads ( 8 clan at ,agra4 ,9 gratitude to ,humayun1 :o treat$ !m magnanim\sly1 & protect$ !m f plund]1 !y pres5t$ to him a peske%1 or tok5 ( homage1 consi/+ ( a quantity ( jewels & preci\s /ones4 ,among ^! 0 "o fam\s diamond :i* _h be5 acquir$ by ,sultan ,ala$d94 ,x is s valuable t a judge ( diamonds valu$ x at ab\t half ! daily exp5se ( ! :ole _w4 ,x is ab\t eight mikkals 7or ab\t #bhj c>ats74 ,?is is g5]ally suppos$ to be ! celebrat$ ,koh-i-nur4 ,bab> det]m9$ to e/abli% ! seat ( 8 gov]nm5t at ,agra1 b 0 almo/ dissuad$ by ! desolate appe>ance ( ! c\ntry4 ,x always appe>s to me1 he says1 t "o ( ! *ief defects ( ,h9du/an is ! want ( artificial wat]c\rses4 ,i _h int5d$1 :]ev] ,i might fix my resid5ce1 to con/ruct wat]-:eels1 to produce an artificial /ream1 & to lay out an elegant & regul>ly plann$ pleasure gr\nd4 ,%ortly aft] com+ to ,agra ,i pass$ ! ,jumna ) ?is object 9 view1 & exam9$ ! c\ntry to pit* ^u a fit spot = a g>d54 ,! :ole 0 s ugly & dete/able t ,i repass$ ! riv] q repuls$ & disgu/$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! want ( beauty & ( ! disagreeable aspect ( ! c\ntry1 ,i gave up my int5tion ( mak+ a *>bagh 7g>d5 h\se72 b z no bett] situation pres5t$ itself ne> ,agra1 ,i 0 f9ally compell$ to make ! be/ ( ?is same spot4444 ,9 e corn] ,i plant$ suitable g>d5s1 9 e g>d5 ,i s[$ roses & n>cissus regul>ly1 & 9 b$s correspond+ to ea* o!r4 ,we 7 annoy$ by ?ree ?+s 9 ,h9du/an2 "o 0 its heat1 ano!r ! /rong w9ds1 & ! ?ird its du/4 ,ba?s 7 ! means ( remov+ all ?ree inconv5i5ces4 ,z ,i h m5tion$ above1 !re are v few ve/iges rema9+ ( ,bab>'s city1 ( 8 fruit & fl[] g>d5s1 palaces1 ba?s1 tanks1 wells & wat]c\rses4 ,! ,ram ,bagh 7p4 #ib7 is "o ( ! g>d5s laid out ei!r by himself or by "o ( 8 nobles1 & ! ,zohra1 or ,zuh>a ,bagh1 ne> x1 conta9s ! rema9s ( a g>d5-h\se1 :i* is said to h belong$ to "o ( ,bab>'s daught]s4 ,opposite to ! ,taj !re are traces ( ! f\ndations ( ! city he built4 ,bab> plann$1 & 8 successors complet$1 ! great road lead+ f ,agra to ,kabul ?r\gh ,lahore1 p>ts ( :i* /ill rema94 ,"s ( ! old mile/ones c be se5 on ! road to ,sik&ra4 ,bab>'s acc\nt ( ! comm5cem5t ( x is v *>act]i/ic3 ,on ,?ursday1 ! #d? ( ! latt] ,rebia1 ,i direct$ ,*ikmak ,bey1 by a writ+ "u ! royal h& & seal1 #c to measure ! di/ance f ,agra to ,kabul2 t at e n9e kos he %\ld raise a m9>1 or turret1 twelve gez 9 height1 on ! top ( :i* he 0 to con/ruct a pavilion2 t e t5 kos he %\ld erect a yam1 or po/-h\se1 :i* !y call a dak-*oki1 = six horses2 t he %\ld fix a c]ta9 all[ance z a provision = ! po/-h\se keep]s1 c\ri]s1 & grooms1 & = fe$+ ! horses2 & ord]s 7 giv5 t :5ev] a po/-h\se = horses 0 built ne> a khalseh1 or imp]ial demesne1 !y %\ld be furni%$ f !nce ) ! /at$ all[ances2 t if x 7 situat$ 9 a p]gunna1 ! nobleman 9 *>ge %\ld att5d to ! supply4 ,! same day ,*ikmk ,pad%ahi left ,agra4 ,! promptness ( ,bab>'s adm9i/rative me?ods is a /rik+ contra/ to ! circumlocution ( pres5t-day dep>tm5talism4 ,!re /ill exi/ rema9s ( _m spl5did s>ais1 or halt+-places1 built along ?is road by diff]5t ,mogul ,emp]ors = _! conv5i5ce1 f ! "t ( ,bab> d[n to ,aurangzb4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ is ! ,nurmahal ,s>ai1 ne> ,jal&h>1 built by ,jahangir & nam$ aft] 8 fav\rite wife4 ,edw>d ,t]ry1 :o accompani$ ,sir ,?omas ,roe1 ,james ! ,fir/'s ambassador at ,jahangir's ,c\rt1 describes ! long walk ( f\r hundr$ miles1 %ad$ by great trees on bo? sides1 & adds1 ?is is look$ ^u by ! travell]s :o h f\nd ! com=t ( t cool %ade z "o ( ! r>e/ & mo/ b5eficial works 9 ! :ole _w4 ,,ii4 ,humayun4 ,humayun1 :o succe$$ ,bab>1 _h _m ( 8 fa!r's amiable qualities1 b none ( 8 g5ius z a lead] ( m54 ,he utt]ly fail$ 9 ! attempt to consolidate ! great empire :i* ,bab> _h left him1 & 9 #aeci1 or n9e & a half ye>s aft] 8 accession1 he 0 completely defeat$ at ,kanauj by ,%]e ,khan ,sur1 an ,afghan nobleman1 :o _h submitt$ to ,bab>1 b revolt$ aga9/ 8 son4 ,humayun f\nd himself a fugitive ) only a h&ful ( m51 & 0 ev5tually driv5 n only out ( ,h9du/an1 b ev5 f ! k+dom ( ,kabul4 ,he !n took refuge ) ! ,%ah ( ,p]sia4 ,%]e ,khan ,sur1 "u ! title ( ,%]e ,%ah1 rul$ at ,agra until he di$1 five ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,8 son1 ,salm ,%ah1 or ,sultan ,islam1 succe$$ him1 & reign$ betwe5 sev5 & eight ye>s1 b on 8 dea? ! usual qu>rels betwe5 8 relatives & g5]als gave ,humayun1 :o 9 ! mean "t _h got back ,kabul ) ! aid ( a ,p]sian army1 ! opportunity to recov] 8 position 9 ,h9du/an4 ,?is occurr$ 9 #aeee1 b ,humayun's un=tunate reign t]m9at$ ! same ye> ?r\gh a fatal fall f a /aircase 9 8 palace at ,delhi4 ,humayun left no memorial ( himself at ,agra1 b he is to be rememb]$ = two circum/ances2 ! fir/1 t he 0 ! fa!r ( ! great ,akb>1 :o succe$$ him2 & ! second1 t ! plan ( 8 tomb at ,delhi1 built by ,akb>1 0 ! model on :i* ! plan ( ! ,taj 0 bas$4 ,int]regnum3 ,%]e ,%ah4 ,%]e ,%ah 0 a great build]1 & a mo/ capable rul]4 ,9 8 %ort reign ( five ye>s he initiat$ _m ( ! great adm9i/rative re=ms :i* ,akb> aft]w>ds p]fect$4 ,f]gusson1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,indian ,ar*itecture1 m5tions t 9 8 "t !re 0 a fragm5t ( a palace built by ,%]e ,%ah 9 ! ,=t at ,agra1 :i* 0 z exquisite a piece ( decorative art z any ( its class 9 ,india4 ,?is palace has s9ce be5 de/roy$ to make room = a b>rack1 b probably ! two-/ori$ pavilion kn[n z ! ,salmg>h is ! fragm5t to :i* ,f]gusson ref]s4 ,! only o!r build+ ( ,%]e ,%ah's "t n[ rema9+ 9 ,agra is ! half-buri$ mosque ( ,alawal ,bilawal1 or ,%ah ,wilayat1 9 ! ,nai-ki ,m&i qu>t] 7see p4 #ajb74 ,%]e ,%ah's tomb at ,sass]am1 9 ,bih>1 is "o ( ! noble/ monum5ts ( ! ,pa?an /yle1 or ! /yle ( ! e>lie/ ,muhammadan ar*itects 9 ,india4 ,,iii4 ,akb>4 ,akb>1 ! ,great1 0 born at ,am>kot1 on ! edge ( ! des]ts ( ,m>w>1 ab\t ?ree ye>s aft] ! battle ( ,kanauj1 :5 8 fa!r ,humayun 0 a fugitive1 driv5 f place to place by ! adh]5ts ( ,%]e ,%ah4 ,at ?is "t ! treasury ( ! royal h\se 0 s r$uc$ t1 :5 ,humayun ind5t$ on x = ! cu/om>y pres5ts to 8 fai?ful foll[]s1 ! only ?+ procurable 0 a s+le pod ( musk4 ,) ! *e]fulness :i* 0 ! sav+ grace ( ,humayun1 he broke up ! pod1 & di/ribut$ x1 add+ ! pi\s wi%1 :i* seem$ l prophetic insight1 t 8 son's fame might fill ! _w l ! fragrance ( t p]fume4 ,tra9$ 9 ! h>d s*ool ( adv]sity1 & inh]it+ ! be/ qualities ( 8 gr&fa!r1 ,akb> 0 n long 9 re/or+ ! fad$ =tunes ( ! ,mogul dyna/y4 ,l ,bab>1 he succe$$ to ! ?rone at a v e>ly age1 & f\nd himself surr\nd$ by difficulties :i* w\ld h ov]:elm$ a weak] "*4 ,humayun _h1 inde$1 f\ght 8 way back to ,delhi & ,agra1 b he _h by no means settl$ ) all ! num]\s disputants = ! sov]eignty ( ,h9du/an1 :i* ,sultan ,islam's dea? _h left 9 ! field2 & 8 dep>ture f ,kabul _h be5 ! signal = revolt 9 t qu>t]4 ,akb>1 accompani$ by ,bairam ,khan1 ! able/ ( ,humayun's g5]als1 0 9 ,s9d :5 he receiv$ at ! same "t ! news ( 8 fa!r's dea? & ( ! revolt ( ! ,vic]oy at ,kabul ,he 0 !n little m ?an ?irte5 ye>s old1 b1 l ,bab> "u simil> circum/ances1 he 0 prompt 9 decision & 9 action4 ,adopt+ ,bairam's advice1 :i* 0 contr>y to t ( all 8 o!r c\nsellors1 he left ,kabul out ( acc\nt1 & pu%$ on to ,delhi aga9/ ! =ces ( ,himu1 a ,h9du g5]al1 & ! mo/ p[]ful ( 8 foes1 :o _h assum$ ! title ( ,raja ,bikramajit1 ) ! hopes ( re/or+ ! old ,h9du dyna/y4 ,on ! hi/oric pla9s ( ,panipat ,akb> completely defeat$ ,himu's army1 & ?us rega9$ ! empire :i* 8 gr&fa!r _h won on ! same field ?irty ye>s be=e4 ,?is great battle 0 ! mo/ critical po9t 9 8 c>e]1 & ?\gh ,akb> _h to und]take _m o!r h>d campaigns be=e he 0 absolute ma/] ( ! empire1 8 position f t "t 0 nev] s]i\sly endang]$4 ,until 8 eighte5? ye> ,akb> rema9$ "u ! tutelage ( ,bairam1 an able g5]al1 b unscrupul\s & cruel4 ,! high-m9d$1 g5]\s disposition ( ,akb> revolt$ aga9/ "s ( 8 gu>dian's me?ods1 b he recogniz$ t1 = "s ye>s at lea/1 ,bairam's exp]i5ce 0 necess>y = him4 ,9 #aefj1 h[ev]1 he took ! adm9i/ration entirely into 8 own h&s4 ,bairam1 9 disgu/1 took up arms aga9/ 8 "y ma/]1 b 0 soon defeat$ & tak5 prison]4 ,) 8 usual magnanimity1 ,akb> p>don$ him1 & s5t him (f to ,mecca ) a munific5t pres5t2 b ! rev5geful knife ( an ,afghan put an end to ! turbul5t nobleman's life be=e he c\ld leave ,india4 ,akb> sp5t ! re/ ( 8 long reign 9 elaborat+ ! adm9i/rative re=ms :i* h made him fam\s z ! greate/ rul] ,india has ev] _h4 ,) ! aid ( able m9i/]s1 bo? ,h9du & ,muhammadan1 he purifi$ ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 keep+ ! supreme control 9 8 own h&s2 enjo9$ absolute tol]ance 9 religi\s matt]s2 aboli%$ oppressive taxes1 & reorganiz$ & improv$ ! sy/em ( l& rev5ue introduc$ by ,%]e ,%ah4 ,a m9ute acc\nt ( ,akb>'s reign1 ( 8 policy1 habits1 & "*1 is giv5 9 ! ,akb>-nama1 ! hi/ory writt5 by 8 devot$ fri5d & ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,abul ,fazl4 ,no detail ( /ate affairs 0 too small = ,akb>'s p]sonal att5tion4 ,ability & integrity 7 ! only passports to 8 fav\r1 :ile bigotry & inju/ice 7 ana!mas to him4 ,l ,bab>1 he 0 fond ( horticulture1 & import$ _m k9ds ( fruit trees & fl[]s into ,india4 ,?\gh he c\ld nei!r read nor write1 he _h a great libr>y ( ,h9di1 ,p]sian1 ,arabic1 ,greek1 & o!r books1 & ,abul ,fazl relates t e book 0 read ?r\gh to him f beg9n+ to end4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( all ?is rem>kable man's intellectual activities 7 8 attempts to br+ ab\t a reconciliation ( all ! discordant religi\s elem5ts ( 8 empire4 ,badyuni1 "o ( 8 contempor>y hi/orians1 b1 unlike him1 a bigot$ ,musalman1 comm5ts ?us on ,akb>'s religi\s views3 ,f 8 e>lie/ *ildhood to 8 manhood1 & f 8 manhood to old age1 8 ,maje/y has pass$ ?r\gh ! mo/ v>i\s phases1 & ?r\gh all sorts ( religi\s practices & sect>ian beliefs1 & has collect$ ev]y?+ :i* p c f9d 9 books1 ) a tal5t ( selection peculi> to him & a _s ( inquiry oppos$ to e 7,islamite7 pr9ciple4 ,?us a fai? bas$ on "s elem5t>y pr9ciples trac$ itself on ! mirror ( 8 he>t1 &1 z ! result ( all ! influ5ces :i* 7 br\ght to be> on 8 ,maje/y1 !re grew gradually1 z ! outl9e on a /one1 ! conviction on 8 he>t t !re 7 s5sible m5 9 all religions1 & ab/emi\s ?9k]s & m5 end[$ ) miracul\s p[]s among all nations4 ,if "s true k 7 ?us ev]y:]e to be f\nd1 :y %\ld tru? be conf9$ to "o religion1 or to a cre$ l ,islam1 :i* 0 comp>atively new1 & sc>cely a ?\s& ye>s old2 :y %\ld "o sect ass]t :at ano!r d5ies1 & :y %\ld "o claim a pref]5ce )\t hav+ sup]iority conf]r$ ^u itself8 ,ne> to 8 palace at ,fatehpur ,sikri he built an ,ibdat ,khana1 or ,hall ( ,wor%ip1 = ! discussion ( philosophy & religion4 ,!re he receiv$ repres5tatives ( all religi\s sects1 ,muhammadans1 ,brahmans1 ,ja9s1 ,buddhi/s1 ,p>sis1 ,jews1 & ,*ri/ians1 & li/5$ att5tively to _! argum5ts4 ,he /udi$ deeply religi\s books1 & _h ! ,new ,te/am5t translat$ into ,p]sian4 ,he also invit$ ,jesuit prie/s f ,goa1 & n only all[$ !m to build a *ur* at ,agra1 b ev5 att5d$ a m>riage s]vice & int]pret$ ! words ( ! s]mon to ! bride4 ,badayuni says t 8 ,maje/y firmly believ$ 9 ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & wi%+ to spread ! doctr9es ( ,jesus1 ord]$ ,pr9ce ,murad 78 son7 to take a few lessons 9 ,*ri/ianity by way ( auspici\sness4 ,! ,jesuits1 h[ev]1 did n succe$ 9 mak+ ,akb> a conv]t1 = :5 8 religi\s convictions 7 at la/ settl$1 he proclaim$ z ! /ate religion a k9d ( eclectic pan!ism call$ ,d9-i-ilhi1 or ,div9e ,fai?1 ) himself z ! *ief int]pret]4 ,disp5s+ ) all =ms ( prie/hood1 he simply recogniz$ ,"o ,god1 ! ,mak] ( ! ,univ]se1 & himself z ,god's viceg]5t on e>?4 ,he reject$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,resurrection1 & accept$ t ( ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,! ,islamite pray]s 7 aboli%$1 & o!rs ( a m g5]al "* 7 sub/itut$ = !m4 ,! c]emonial 0 l>gely borr[$ f ! ,h9dus4 ,! ,div9e ,fai? _h no hold on ! p1 & its influ5ce ceas$ ) ! dea? ( its f\nd]4 ,x is ev5 said t ,akb>1 on 8 dea?-b$1 ackn[l$g$ ! or?odox ,muhammadan cre$1 b ! evid5ce on ?is po9t is unreliable4 ,akb>'s religi\s sy/em _h an important political be>+1 = ! keynote ( 8 :ole policy 0 ! endeav\r to unite ) a bond ( common int]e/ all ! div]se social1 religi\s1 & racial elem5ts ( 8 empire4 ,he ov]look$ no?+ :i* might fur!r ! object he _h 9 view4 ,he *ose 8 m9i/]s & g5]als indiscrim9ately f all 8 subjects1 )\t di/9ction ( race or religion4 ,he alli$ himself 9 m>riage ) ! royal ,h9du families ( ,rajputana4 ,he sat daily on ! judgm5t seat to disp5se ju/ice to all :o *ose to appeal to him1 &1 l ! fam\s ,h>un-al-,ra%id1 he w\ld at times put on disguises & w&] unatt5d$ among ! p1 to keep himself in=m$ ( _! real condition & to *eck ! malpractices ( 8 (ficials4 ,?\gh ,akb> unavoidably _h bitt] enemies among ! m bigot$ ( 8 ,muhammadan subjects1 8 wise tol]ance ( all beliefs & ! g5]osity ( 8 policy = ! mo/ "p dis>m$ ho/ility f all sides4 ,c]ta9ly no rul] ( ,india be=e or s9ce succe$$ s f> 9 c>ry+ out 8 object4 ,he is /ill "o ( ! great popul> h]oes ( ,h9du/an2 8 mighty de$s 9 w> & 9 ! *ase1 8 wise & witty say+s1 ! spl5d\r ( 8 c\rt1 8 magnanimity & 8 ju/ice1 /ill live 9 song & 9 /ory4 ,akb> di$ 9 ! ,=t at ,agra on ,octob] #ac1 #afje1 9 ! fifty-fir/ ye> ( 8 reign1 ag$ #fc4 ,he 0 buri$ at ,sik&ra1 9 ! mausoleum comm5c$ by himself1 & f9i%$ by 8 son & successor1 ,jahangir4 ,akb>'s connection ) ,agra4 ,! mod]n city ( ,agra1 z /at$ previ\sly1 0 f\nd$ by ,akb> 9 #aeeh1 opposite to ! old city on ! left bank ( ! riv]4 ,he built ! ,=t1 on ! site ( an old ,pa?an ca/le1 & "p ( ! palace )9 x4 ,agra 0 ! seat ( gov]nm5t dur+ ! great] "p ( 8 reign4 ,he also built ! great mosque & ! magnific5t palaces & public build+s ( ,fatehpur ,sikri1 :i* are among ! mo/ fam\s ( ! antiquities ( ,india4 ,,iv4 ,jahangir4 ,! elde/ surviv+ son ( ,akb>1 ,pr9ce ,salm1 on 8 accession to ! ?rone 9 #afje1 assum$ ! title ( ,nr-ud-d9 ,jahangir 7,light ( ! ,fai?1 ,conqu]or ( ! ,_w74 ,he 0 passionate1 cruel1 & a drunk>d1 b n )\t ability & =ce ( "*4 ,z ,pr9ce ,salm he _h in/igat$ ! assass9ation ( ! ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,abul ,fazl1 & probably ha/5$ 8 own fa!r's dea? by 8 viol5t conduct4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a reconciliation at ! end1 & ,jahangir endeav\r$ to atone = 8 behavi\r by lavi% exp5diture on ,akb>'s tomb at ,sik&ra4 ,he has also left _m pi\s tributes to 8 fa!r's memory 9 8 autobiography4 ,jahangir's fav\rite wife 0 ! celebrat$ ,nur ,mahal1 :o = tw5ty ye>s 0 almo/ ! supreme p[] 9 ! imp]ial c\rt4 ,h] beauty attract$ 8 att5tion :ile he 0 /ill ,pr9ce ,salm1 b ,akb>1 disapprov+ ( h] z a daught]-9-law1 gave h] 9 m>riage to ,%] ,afsan1 ! lion kill]1 a nobleman ( ,burdwan4 ,aft] 8 accession1 hav+ trea*]\sly procur$ ! dea? ( h] husb&1 ,jahangir _h ,nur ,mahal remov$ to ,agra & plac$ "u ! c>e ( 8 "m4 ,= _m ye>s %e repuls$ all ,jahangir's ov]tures1 b :5 at la/ %e cons5t$ to be 8 que5 %e became 8 mo/ devot$ wife4 ,%e accompani$ him on all 8 travels1 & ,jahangir consult$ h] 9 all important affairs ( /ate4 ,sir ,?omas ,roe1 ,james ! ,fir/'s ambassador1 describes ,jahangir at ,agra tak+ 8 wife = an ev5+ drive 9 a bullock c>t1 ! ,k+ himself be+ h] c>t]4 ,he affectionately *ang$ h] "n f ,nur ,mahal1 ,light ( ! ,palace1 to ,nur ,jahan1 ,light ( ! ,_w4 ,! imp]ial co9age bore h] "n & an inscription1 ,gold has acquir$ a new value s9ce x bore ! "n ( ,nur ,jahan4 ,%e ev5 succe$$ to "s ext5t 9 controll+ ,jahangir's drunk5 habits4 ,%e 0 a great patroness ( ! arts1 & x is said t ! ,samman ,burj1 h] ap>tm5ts 9 ! ,agra palace1 0 decorat$ aft] h] own designs4 ,h] *>ity 0 b\ndless2 %e 0 ! especial protectress ( orphan girls1 & provid$ m>riage portions = no less ?an #ejj f h] private purse4 ,nur ,mahal's fa!r1 ,itmd-ud-daulah1 became ,"l ,high ,treasur]1 & aft]w>ds ,wazir1 or ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,on 8 dea? 8 daught] built = him ! magnific5t tomb at ,agra kn[n by 8 "n4 ,dur+ ,jahangir's reign _m ,europeans1 travell]s1 adv5tur]s & o!rs1 flock$ to ! ,mogul c\rt4 ,!y 7 all[$ free access to ! palace1 & ,jahangir frequ5tly admitt$ !m to jo9 9 8 midnight c>\ses4 ,he %[$ great fav\r to ! ,jesuit prie/s1 & ev5 all[$ two ( 8 nephews to be in/ruct$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! viol5t temp] ( ,jahangir 0 inh]it$ by 8 son1 ,pr9ce ,khurram1 aft]w>ds ,%ah ,jahan1 & ! peace ( 8 reign 0 frequ5tly di/urb$ by op5 rebellion on ! "p ( ! ,pr9ce4 ,9 #afbc ,%ah ,jahan actually sack$ ,agra1 & 8 soldi]s committ$ fe>ful atrocities on ! inhabitants4 ,he fail$1 h[ev]1 to capture ! =t1 :i* conta9$ ! imp]ial treasury1 & ,jahangir1 no d\bt rememb]+ 8 own fa!r's l5i5cy t[>ds himself1 =gave 8 unruly son4 ,jahangir di$ 9 #afbg1 & 0 buri$ at ,%ahd>a1 ne> ,lahore1 9 a magnific5t tomb prep>$ by ,nur ,mahal4 ,%e h]self retir$ to ,lahore1 &1 ?\gh %e liv$ till #afdh1 ceas$ to take any "p 9 /ate affairs aft] 8 dea?4 ,%e 0 buri$ by h] husb&'s side at ,%ahd>a4 ,jahangir's connection ) ,agra4 ,jahangir = a great "p ( 8 reign held 8 c\rt at ,lahore1 or at ,kabul4 ,! *ief monum5ts ( 8 reign at1 or ne>1 ,agra are ,akb>'s tomb at ,sik&ra 7p4 #ig71 & ,itmd-ud-daulah's tomb 7p4 #he71 already m5tion$4 ,"p ( ! ,agra ,palace1 ! ,jahangiri ,mahal 7p4 #fc71 is nam$ aft] him1 ?\gh x is mo/ probable t x 0 really built 9 ,akb>'s reign4 ,!re are a few m9or build+s ( ,jahangir's "t 9 ,agra1 su* z ! ba?s ( ,ali ,v]di ,khan 9 ,*ipitollah ,/reet1 ! mosque ( ,motamid ,khan 9 ! ,ka%miri ,baz>1 & ! t[] kn[n aft] ! "n ( ,bol& ,khan1 ! *ief eunu* ( ,jahangir's palace4 ,^! are ( purely ar*ological int]e/4 ,v4 ,%ah ,jahan4 ,%ah ,jahan1 on 8 fa!r's dea?1 ?\gh only f\r? 9 "r ( succession to ! ?rone1 spe$ily dispos$ ( 8 bro!rs by means v commonly adopt$ 9 ,ori5tal royal families1 & 0 en?ron$ at ,agra 9 #afdh4 ,imm$iately aft]w>ds he wreak$ 8 v5geance on ! ,portuguese1 :o _h tak5 "p aga9/ him 9 8 rebellion aga9/ ,jahangir1 by de/roy+ _! settlem5t at ,hughli4 ,! next ye>1 :ile on an exp$ition to suppress disord] 9 ! ,deccan1 he lo/ 8 fav\rite wife1 ,mumtaz ,mahal1 ! lady ( ! ,taj4 ,= a long "t ! ,emp]or ab&on$ himself entirely to grief1 & he rema9$ fai?ful to h] memory until 8 dea?4 ,! actual build+ ( ! ,taj comm5c$ 9 #afcb4 ,f ?is date until #afeh1 :5 ,aurangzb usurp$ ! ?rone1 0 ! mo/ magnific5t p]iod ( ! ,mogul dyna/y4 ,! :ole empire enjoy$ comp>ative peace & prosp]ity4 ,%ah ,jahan's j & lib]al gov]nm5t cont9u$ 8 fa!r's & gr&fa!r's policy ( tol]ance t[>ds ! ,h9dus1 & 8 adm9i/ration1 ?\gh conduct$ ) great pomp & spl5d\r1 did n press h>dly ^u ! p4 ,x 0 "o ( ! greate/ epo*s ( ,indian ar*itecture2 besides ! ,taj ,mahal1 ! build+s erect$ dur+ ^! ye>s include f\r ( ! ma/]pieces ( ! ,mogul p]iod--! ,jmi ,masjid1 or ,ca!dral ,mosque1 ( ,delhi2 ! ,mti ,masjid1 or ,pe>l ,mosque1 ( ,agra2 "p ( ! ,agra ,palace1 & ! great palace at ,delhi1 ( :i* only a small portion n[ exi/s4 ,x is said t z ,%ah ,jahan advanc$ t[>ds old age he ab&on$ himself m & m to a life ( pleasure & self-indulg5ce1 b 8 la/ ye>s 7 d>k5$ by ! same k9d ( family intrigues ?r\gh :i* he himself _h ga9$ ! ?rone4 ,9 #afeg ! s]i\s illness ( ! ,emp]or br\ght ^! intrigues to a head4 ,8 elde/ son by ,mumtaz ,mahal1 call$ ,d>a ,%ikoh1 a graci\s & g5]\s ,pr9ce1 b head/rong & intol]ant ( advice1 0 appo9t$ ,reg5t4 ,on receiv+ ?is intellig5ce1 8 y\ng] bro!rs1 ,%uja1 ,vic]oy ( ,b5gal1 & ,murad1 ,vic]oy ( ,guj>at1 decl>$ _! indep5d5ce1 & m>*$ ^u ,agra4 ,aurangzb1 ! ?ird son1 a religi\s bigot1 b ! able/ & mo/ virile ( ! bro!rs1 ha/5$ to jo9 !m1 & be+ plac$ 9 *ief comm&1 attack$ ,d>a's army close to ,agra & completely defeat$ him4 ,?ree days aft]w>ds he ent]$ ! city4 ,%ah ,jahan s5t 8 *amb]la9 to ord] him to leave ! city at once & return to 8 po/ 9 ! ,deccan1 b ,aurangzb1 affect+ to believe t 8 fa!r 0 dead1 disreg>d$ ! ord]4 ,he succe$$ by bribes & promises 9 br++ ov] "s ( ! pr9cipal nobles to 8 side1 & be+ well in=m$ by ,ru%an>a1 8 y\ng] si/]1 :o 0 8 equal 9 cunn+ & artifice1 ( all t w5t on 9 ! palace1 he baffl$ ,%ah ,jahan's attempts to lay h&s on him4 ,at la/1 "u pret5ce ( arrang+ an amicable meet+ ) 8 son ,mahmud1 ,aurangzb beguil$ ,%ah ,jahan into )draw+ 8 troops f ! ,=t4 ,mahmud imm$iately =c$ 8 way 9 ) a pick$ body ( m5 & seiz$ ! p]son ( ! ,emp]or4 ,! plan succe$$ s well t no attempt at a rescue 0 made4 ,! ,fr5* travell] ,tav]ni]1 :o has left a complete record ( ! "t1 writes ( ?is ev5t3 ,x is mo/ surpris+ t n "o ( ! s]vants ( ! gr& ,k+ (f]$ to assi/ him2 t all 8 subjects ab&on$ him1 & t !y turn$ _! eyes to ! ris+ sun1 recogniz+ no "o z k+ b ,aurangzb4 ,%ah ,jahan1 ?\gh /ill liv+1 pass$ f _! memories4 ,if1 p]*ance1 !re 7 any :o felt t\*$ by 8 mis=tunes1 fe> made !m sil5t1 & made !m basely ab&on a k+ :o _h gov]n$ !m l a fa!r1 & ) a mildness :i* is n common ) sov]eigns4 ,= al?\gh he 0 sev]e en\gh to ! nobles :5 !y fail$ to p]=m _! duties1 he arrang$ all ?+s = ! com=t ( ! p1 by :om he 0 mu* belov$1 b :o gave no signs ( x at ?is crisis4 ,%ah ,jahan rema9$ conf9$ 9 a set ( ap>tm5ts ( ! ,agra ,palace = sev5 ye>s4 ,he di$ 9 #afff1 & 0 buri$ by ! side ( ,mumtaz ,mahal 9 ! ,taj4 ,8 captivity 0 %>$ by 8 fav\rite daught]1 ,jahan>a1 :o s9ce ! dea? ( h] "m _h rul$ ! imp]ial h\sehold & tak5 a prom95t "p 9 /ate affairs4 ,%e _h actively support$ ! cause ( ,d>a1 & ?us incurr$ ! res5tm5t ( ,aurangzb4 ,on h] fa!r's dea? %e retir$ to ,delhi1 & %e liv$ !re until #afha4 ,h] simple grave1 cov]$ ) grass1 is 9 a quiet corn] ( ! c\rty>d ( ,nizamud9's tomb1 ne> ,delhi1 :]e ! memory ( h] filial piety adds to ! poetic *>m ( all ! surr\nd+s4 ,! ,monum5ts ( ,%ah ,jahan's ,reign at ,agra4 ,! ,taj ,mahal 7p4 #gb72 ! ,jmi ,masjid 7p4 #fi72 & ! foll[+ build+s 9 ! ,=t3 ,! ,mti ,masjid 7p4 #dc72 ! ,dwan-i-m 7p4 #df72 ! ,dwan-i-khas 7p4 #ee72 ! ,khas ,mahal 7p4 #ei74 ,,vi4 ,aurangzb4 ,agra is only conc]n$ ) ! fir/ sev5 ye>s ( ,aurangzb's reign1 =1 aft] ! dea? ( ,%ah ,jahan1 ! c\rt 0 remov$ to ,delhi1 & ,agra 0 left ) only a prov9cial gov]nor to ma9ta9 its =m] magnific5ce4 ,! unhappy ,d>a1 aft] 8 defeat by ,aurangzb1 made fruitless attempts to retrieve 8 =tunes1 b 0 at la/ betray$ into ! h&s ( 8 bro!r1 :o imm$iately put him to dea?4 ,aurangzb lo/ no "t 9 dispos+ ( 8 o!r two bro!rs1 & ?us plac$ 8 succession to ! ?rone beyond dispute4 ,! ,pr9cess ,ru%an>a1 z a rew>d = h] trea*]y1 0 rais$ to ! position =m]ly enjoy$ by h] si/] ,jahan>a4 ,! ,fr5* physician ,b]ni]1 :o resid$ twelve ye>s at ! ,mogul c\rt 9 ! "t ( ,aurangzb1 has left _m m9ute & graphic records ( ! times4 ,"h is a picture ( ,ru%an>a :5 %e accompani$ ,aurangzb on ! m>* f ,delhi to ,ka%mir3-- ,/ret* imag9ation to its utmo/ limits1 & y c conceive no exhibition m gr& & impos+ ?an :5 ,rau*5>a-,begum1 m\nt$ on a /up5d\s ,pegu elephant & seat$ 9 a mikdemb]1 blaz+ ) gold & azure1 is foll[$ by five or six o!r elephants ) mikdemb]s ne>ly z respl5d5t z h] own1 & fill$ ) ladies atta*$ to h] h\sehold4 ,close to ! ,pr9cess are ! *ief eunu*s1 ri*ly adorn$ & f9ely m\nt$1 ea* ) a w& ( (fice 9 8 h&2 & surr\nd+ h] elephant a troop ( female s]vants1 ,t>t>s & ,ka*m]ys1 fanta/ically attir$ & rid+ h&some pad-horses4 ,besides ^! att5dants are sev]al eunu*s on horseback1 accompani$ by a multitude ( pagys1 or lackeys1 on foot1 ) l>ge canes1 :o advance a great way be=e ! ,pr9cess1 bo? to ! "r & left1 = ! purpose ( cle>+ ! road & driv+ be=e !m e intrud]4 ,imm$iately beh9d ,rau*5>a-,begum's ret9ue appe>s a pr9cipal lady ( ! c\rt1 m\nt$ & att5d$ 9 mu* ! same mann] z ! ,pr9cess4 ,?is lady is foll[$ by a ?ird1 %e by a f\r?1 & s on1 until fifte5 or sixte5 females ( quality pass ) a gr&eur ( appe>ance1 equipage1 & ret9ue m or less proportionate to _! rank1 pay1 & (fice4 ,!re is some?+ v impressive ( /ate & royalty 9 ! m>* ( ^! sixty or m elephants2 9 _! solemn &1 z x 71 measur$ /eps1 9 ! spl5d\r ( ! mikdemb]s1 & ! brilliant & innum]able foll[]s 9 att5dance2 &1 if ,i _h n reg>d$ ?is display ( magnific5ce ) a sort ( philosophical indiff]5ce1 ,i %\ld h be5 apt to be c>ri$ away by su* flights ( imag9ation z inspire mo/ ( ! ,indian poets :5 !y repres5t ! elephants z convey+ s _m goddesses conceal$ f ! vulg> gaze4 #d ,dramatic ju/ice ov]took ! s*em+ ,pr9cess at la/4 ,9 #affd ,aurangzb fell dang]\sly ill1 &1 :ile he 0 unconsci\s1 ,ru%an>a1 believ+ him to be dy+1 ab/ract$ ! signet r+ f 8 f+] & issu$ lett]s1 z "u ! royal seal1 to ! v>i\s ,vic]oys & ,gov]nors1 sett+ aside ! succession ( ! ,emp]or's elde/ son by a ,rajput ,pr9cess 9 fav\r ( ano!r son1 a boy ( six1 by a ,muhammadan sultana4 ,%e hop$ by ?is means to keep ! supreme p[] 9 h] own h&s dur+ ! long m9ority ( ! new ,emp]or4 ,aurangzb unexpect$ly recov]$1 & became suspici\s ( 8 dang]\s si/]4 ,! ho/ ( enemies %e _h creat$ at c\rt 7 n sl[ 9 tak+ advantage ( ! situation1 & ,ru%an>a soon aft]w>ds disappe>$--remov$1 x is said1 by poison4 ,aurangzb rul$ ) a firm h&1 & 9 /rict ju/ice accord+ to ! law ( ,islam1 b ?\gh a man ( great intellectual p[]s1 ( m>vell\s en]gy & indomitable c\rage1 he 0 want+ 9 imag9ation1 sympa?y1 & =esight1 ! highe/ qualities ( a really great rul]4 ,he *eck$ ! dissolute conduct ( ! nobles1 & set an example ( indu/ry & devotion to duty2 b 8 n>r[1 bigot$ disposition incl9$ him to di/ru/ ev5 8 own m9i/]s1 s t1 unlike 8 ?ree pr$ecessors1 he 0 badly s]v$ by ! lieut5ants 9 ^: h&s ! adm9i/ration ( ! prov9ces re/$4 ,he surr\nd$ himself ) religi\s bigots ( ! ,sunni sect ( ,muhammadans1 :o aid$ him 9 bitt] p]secution ( ! ,h9dus4 ,h>dly any?+ ( arti/ic or ar*itectural int]e/ 0 creat$ "u 8 patronage4 ,mo/ ( ! great arti/s :o att5d$ ,%ah ,jahan's c\rt 7 dismiss$ z unor?odox or h]etics1 & _m noble monum5ts 7 mutilat$ by ! ,emp]or's fanatical foll[]s on ! gr\nd t !y contrav5$ ! precept ( ! ,koran :i* =bids ! repres5tation ( animate nature 9 art4 ,he di$ 9 #agjg1 eighty-n9e ye>s ( age4 ,! ,mogul empire1 surr\nd$ by hordes ( ! enemies 8 bigotry & intol]ance _h creat$1 0 already tott]+ to its fall1 & ! /> ( ! ,briti% raj 0 ris+4 ,sev5te5 ye>s be=e 8 dea? he _h grant$ to ,job ,*>nock a piece ( l& at ,sutanati1 ! site ( ! future capital ( our ,indian empire4 ,agra & ! ,lat] ,mogul ,emp]ors ,agra play$ a v small "p 9 ! hi/ory ( ! weak-m9d$ & dissolute successors ( ,aurangzb4 ,firokh%iy>1 :o reign$ f #agac to #agai1 resid$ occasionally !re4 ,aft] 8 dea? disputes betwe5 v>i\s claimants to ! ?rone l$ to ,agra ,=t be+ besieg$ & captur$ by ,huse9 ,ali ,khan1 a p>tisan ( "o ( !m1 :o loot$ ! treasury ( all ! valuables deposit$ !re dur+ ?ree c5turies4 ,!re 7 ! effects ( ,nur ,jahan ,begum & ,mumtaz ,mahal1 am\nt+ 9 value1 accord+ to v>i\s reports1 to two or ?ree crores ( rupees4 ,!re 0 9 p>ticul> ! %eet ( pe>ls :i* ,%ah ,jahan _h caus$ to be made = ! tomb ( ,mumtaz ,mahal1 ( ! value ( sev]al lakhs ( rupees1 :i* 0 spread ov] x on ! anniv]s>y & on ,friday nights4 ,!re 0 ! ew] ( ,nur ,jahan & h] cu%ion ( wov5 gold & ri* pe>ls1 ) a bord] ( valuable g>nets & em]alds4 7,elliott47 ,9 #agci ,nadir1 ,%ah ( ,p]sia1 sack$ ,delhi1 c>ri$ (f ,%ah ,jahan's fam\s peacock ?rone1 & laid ,agra also "u contribution4 ,! ,mahrattas next appe>$ on ! sc5e4 ,9 #agfd ! ,jts ( ,bh>atpur1 "u ,suraj ,mal1 captur$ ,agra1 loot$ ! ,taj1 & play$ havoc ) ! palaces 9 ! ,=t4 ,!y 7 jo9$ by ,walt] ,re9h>dt1 an adv5tur]1 half ,fr5* & half ,g]man1 :o sold 8 s]vices = any "w ( infamy1 & _h only rec5tly assi/$ 9 ! murd] ( ! ,briti% ,resid5t & o!r ,europeans at ,patna4 ,he aft]w>ds ent]$ ! ,mogul s]vice1 & 0 rew>d$ by a grant ( a tract ( c\ntry ne> ,me]ut1 :i* rema9$ 9 ! possession ( 8 family until rec5t times4 ,he di$ at ,agra 9 #aggh1 & 0 buri$ 9 ! ,ca?olic cemet]y4 ,= ! next ?irty-n9e ye>s ,agra 0 occupi$ by ,mahrattas & by ,mogul imp]iali/s 9 turn4 ,john ,hess+1 a ,dut* (fic] 9 ! employ ( ! ,mahrattas1 0 ,gov]nor ( ,agra 9 #agid1 & di$ !re 9 #ahjb4 ,! next ye> x 0 captur$ by ! ,briti% "u ,g5]al1 aft]w>ds ,"l1 ,lake1 & f t "t until #aheg its hi/ory 0 unev5tful4 ,agra 9 ! ,mut9y4 ,agra did n take any prom95t "p 9 ! ev5ts ( ! ,mut9y4 ,a mob plund]$ ! city1 burnt ! public (fices1 & kill$ a numb] ( ,europeans2 b ! riot]s left soon to jo9 _! comrades at ,delhi4 ,!re 0 a small engagem5t outside ! city4 ,! ,briti% troops & ! :ole ( ! ,european population 7 aft]w>ds %ut up 9 ! ,=t until ! capture ( ,delhi4 ,! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor1 ,mr4 ,john ,russell ,colv91 di$ !re1 & 0 buri$ 9 front ( ! ,dwan-i-m4 ,! ,=t ,! pres5t ,=t 0 comm5c$ by ,akb> 9 #aeff1 on ! site ( an old] "o con/ruct$ by ,salm ,%ah ,sur1 ! son ( ,%]e ,%ah4 ,its va/ walls 7sev5ty feet 9 height1 & a mile & a half 9 circuit71 its turrets1 & noble gateways pres5t f ! outside a mo/ impos+ appe>ance4 ,x conta9s )9 its walls t mo/ exquisite ( mosques1 ! ,mti ,masjid1 & ! palaces ( ,akb> & ,%ah ,jahan4 ,! pr9cipal or nor? entrance is ! ,delhi ,gate1 ne>ly opposite to ! railway /ation & ! ,jmi ,masjid4 ,=m]ly !re 0 a wall$ enclosure 9 front ( ?is gate1 call$ ! ,tripulia1 or ,?ree ,gates1 :i* 0 us$ z a m>ket4 ,?is 0 cle>$ away by ! milit>y au?orities 9 #ahge4 ,cross+ ! drawbridge ov] ! moat :i* surr\nds ! ,=t1 ! visitor passes ! out] gate1 & by a pav$ incl9e rea*es ! ,ha?i ,pol1 or ,elephant ,gate 7,plate ,,iii471 s call$ f ! two /one elephants1 ) rid]s1 :i* =m]ly /ood outside ! gate1 on ! highe/ ( ! plat=ms on ei!r side ( x4 ,! /atues & elephants 7 ?r[n d[n by ord] ( ,aurangzb4 ,!re are f\r holl[ places 9 ea* plat=m1 :]e ! legs ( ! elephants 7 mortic$ into x4 #e ,! gate is a f9e example ( ! e>ly ,mogul /yle2 x conta9s ! ,naubat khana1 or music gall]y1 :]e ! royal kettl$rums ann\nc$ ! ,emp]or's arrival or dep>ture1 & all /ate functions4 ,x 0 also a gu>d-h\se1 & probably ! qu>t]s ( a high milit>y (fic]1 b x is c]ta9ly n1 z ! guides h x1 ! ,d>%an ,d>waza1 or ,gate ( ,sights1 describ$ by ,william ,f9*1 :]e ! ,emp]or ,jahangir %[$ himself at sunrise to 8 nobles & to ! multitude assembl$ 9 ! pla9 bel[4 ,! ,d>%an ,d>waza 0 und\bt$ly ne> ! old disus$ wat]-gate1 :i* 0 jo9$ to ! royal ap>tm5ts ( ! palace by a private passage1 & answ]s to ,f9*'s description ( lead+ into a fair c\rt ext5d+ along ! riv]4 ,! ,elephant ,gate is at a consid]able di/ance f ! palace1 & 0 nev] connect$ ) x1 except by ! public road4 ,x is wor? :ile to climb ! top ( ! gate by ! /aircase on ! "r1 inside ! ,=t4 ,!re is a f9e view ( ! ,=t1 & beyond ! walls ! ev]-beautiful :ite domes ( ! ,taj appe> 9 ! di/ance4 ,! ,itmd-ud-daulah is visible on ! left4 ,t[>ds ! t[n y look d[n into ! quadrangle ( ! ,jmi ,masjid4 ,! pavilions on ! summit ( ! great octagonal t[]s flank+ ! gate are f9ely c>v$1 & be> traces ( pa9t+ & enamell$ tile-"w4 ,desc5d+ ! /aircase to ! floors b5ea?1 "o c w&] ?r\gh ! curi\s small *amb]s & look out f ! balconies on ! front ( ! gate4 ,! ,mti ,masjid4 ,! road to ! left aft] pass+ ! ,elephant ,gate leads up to ! entrance ( ! ,mti ,masjid1 or ,pe>l ,mosque1 plac$ on ! highe/ po9t ( ! ,=t enclosure4 #f ,y pass on ! left a build+ kn[n z ,dansa ,jt's h\se1 said to h be5 occupi$ by ! ,rajahs ( ,bh>atpur :5 ! ,jts held ! ,=t4 ,x has be5 made hide\s by mod]n additions :i* h conv]t$ x into (fic]s' qu>t]s4 ,! entrance to ! ,mti ,masjid is v pla9 & unpret5d+1 s t "o is h>dly prep>$ = ! beauty1 purity1 & ! unaffect$ expression ( an exalt$ religi\s feel+ :i* *>act]ize ! int]ior4 ,x is r>e to f9d an ,indian build+ 9 :i* ! effect is produc$ ) h>dly any ornam5t1 b solely by ! p]fection ( proportions1 beauty ( mat]ial1 & h>mony ( con/ructive design4 ,! c\rty>d1 9 front ( ! mosque1 ) its arcades & gateways1 is a noble sett+ to ! ,pe>l1 z ! mosque is appropriately call$4 ,!re is a subtle rhy?m 9 ! plac+ ( ! ?ree domes ov] ! sev5 ar*es ( ! mosque1 :i* saves ! :ole design f monotony1 :ile ! m>vell\s grace ( ! cont\rs1 :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( ! f9e/ ( ,%ah ,jahan's build+s1 makes ea* dome gr[ up f ! ro( l a fl[]-bud on ! po9t ( unfold+4 ,! octagonal pavilions at ! f\r corn]s ( ! mosque1 & ! da9ty little kiosques plac$ z decoration ov] ! ar*es & ov] ! gateways ( ! c\rty>d1 e*o ! h>monies ( ! l>g] con/ructive details1 & give complet5ess to ! composition4 ,! int]ior ( ! mosque owes its dignity to ! same greatness ( /yle & p]fection ( ! proportions4 ,! ?ree aisles are =m$ by massive pi]s ( s+le blocks ( m>ble4 ,) all its simplicity1 !re is consummate art bo? 9 ! plac+ ( ! ornam5t & 9 ! beautiful spr++ ( ! ar*es f ! support+ pi]s4 ,! f9e workman%ip is wor?y ( ! art4 ,on ei!r side ( ! mosque !re is a small *amb] = ! ladies ( ! zanana1 ) a w9d[ fill$ ) a c>v$ m>ble grille look+ on to ! int]ior4 ,!y c\ld ?us att5d to ! s]vices ( ! mosque )\t be+ se54 ,! /aircases on ! "r & left ( ! c\rty>d give private access to ! ap>tm5ts ( ! palace4 ,! ,p]sian inscription inlaid 9 black m>ble "u ! wide1 project+ cornice ( ! mosque is a poetic tribute to ! beauty ( ! build+ & a panegyric ( its f\nd]4 ,f x we le>n t x 0 built by ,%ah ,jahan1 x took sev5 ye>s to build1 & co/ ?ree lakhs ( rupees4 ,! dim5sions ( ! c\rty>d1 giv5 by ,f]gusson1 are #aed feet by #aeh feet2 & ( ! ,mosque3 l5g?1 #aei feet2 dep?1 #ef feet1 int]nally4 ,! ,d]sane ,d>waza4 ,ne>ly opposite to ! ,mti ,masjid1 y pass on ! left an incl9$ passage :i* leads to an old gateway1 a "p ( ,akb>'s build+s4 ,v little rema9s ( ! orig9al build+s :i* connect$ x ) ! palace 9 ! "t ( ,jahangir1 b !re _c be mu* d\bt t ?is 0 ! locality describ$ by ,william ,f9* z ! ,d]sane ,d>waza1 lead+ into a fair c\rt1 ext5d+ along ! riv]1 9 :i* ! ,k+ looks =? e morn+ at sun-ris+1 :i* he salutes1 & !n 8 nobles resort to _! ,tesillam 7obeisance74 ,"r "u ! place :]e he looks out1 is a k9d ( scaffold1 :]eon 8 nobles /&1 b ! ,addis ) o!rs await bel[ 9 ! c\rt4 ,"h also e noone he looke? =? to behold ,tam%h1 or fight+ ( ,elephants1 ,lyons1 ,buffles1 kill+ ( ,de>e ) ,leop>ds1 :i* is a cu/om on e day ( ! weeke1 ,sunday except$1 on :i* is no fight+2 b ,tuesday1 on ! contr>y1 is a day ( blood1 bo? ( fight+ bea/s1 & ju/ic$ m51 ! ,k+ judg+ & see+ executions4 ,! ,dwan-i-m4 ,! road n[ turns t[>ds ! "r1 ?r\gh ! ,mna ,baz>1 ! old m>ket-place1 :]e m]*ants display$ jewell]y1 brocades1 & simil> /uffs = ! nobles & o!rs att5d+ ! c\rt4 ,a gateway leads into ! great c\rty>d ( ! ,dwan-i-m1 or ,hall ( ,public ,audi5ce1 :i*1 ) its surr\nd+ arcades1 0 = a long "t us$ z an arm\ry = ! ,briti% g>rison4 ,! hall itself 0 re/or$ 9 #ahgf by ,sir ,john ,/ra*ey1 !n ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ( ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces4 ,! c\rty>d has rec5tly be5 put back1 z f> z possible1 into its orig9al condition by ,"l ,curzon's ord]s4 ,a fur!r great improvem5t has be5 made by ! removal ( ! hide\s mod]n additions :i* entirely conceal$ all ! arcades4 ,! pres5t hall1 :i* is an op5 pavilion =m$ by a triple r[ ( colonnades1 0 comm5c$ by ,%ah ,jahan1 b1 if we may believe tradition1 0 n complet$ until ! #bg? ye> ( ! reign ( ,aurangzb4 ,! arcades surr\nd+ ! quadrangle are probably ( ,akb>'s "t4 ,! int]ior dim5sions ( ! hall are #aib feet by #fd feet4 ,x is con/ruct$ ( r$ s&/one1 pla/]$ ov] ) a f9e :ite poli%$ /ucco1 :i* s]v$ bo? z a protection to ! /one & z a gr\nd = col\r$ decoration & gild+4 ,?is pla/]-"w 0 c>ri$ to ! p]fection ( a f9e art by ! old ,mogul build]s1 b ! re/oration ( x 9 #ahgf 0 v indiff]5tly c>ri$ out4 ,! ?rone ( ! ,emp]or 0 9 an alcove ( inlaid m>ble at ! back ( ! hall1 & connect$ ) ! royal ap>tm5ts beh9d4 ,"h he sat daily to give audi5ce to 8 c\rt1 to receive ambassadors1 & to adm9i/] ju/ice4 ,at ! foot ( ! alcove is a squ>e slab ( m>ble1 ab\t #c feet 9 height1 on :i*1 x is said1 8 m9i/]s /ood to receive petitions to ! ,emp]or1 & to convey 8 comm&s !reon4 ,on ! "r & left ( ! ?rone are *amb]s ) p]=at$ m>ble w9d[s1 ?r\gh :i* ! ladies ( ! zanana c\ld view ! proce$+s4 ,b]ni]'s lively description1 ?\gh x prop]ly belongs to ! ,dwan-i-m at ,delhi1 w enable u to picture ! sc5e 9 ! days ( ! ,great ,mogul3-- ,! mon>* e day1 ab\t noon1 sits ^u 8 ?rone1 ) "s ( 8 sons at 8 "r & left1 :ile eunu*s /&+ ab\t ! royal p]son flap away ! flies ) peacocks' tails1 agitate ! air ) l>ge fans1 or wait ) undivid$ att5tion & pr(\nd humility to p]=m ! diff]5t s]vices allott$ to ea*4 ,imm$iately "u ! ?rone is an enclosure1 surr\nd$ by silv] rails1 9 :i* are assembl$ ! :ole body ( omrahs 7nobles71 ! ,rajas1 & ! ambassadors1 all /&+1 _! eyes b5t d[nw>ds & _! h&s cross$4 ,at a great] di/ance f ! ?rone are ! mansebdh>s1 or inf]ior omrahs1 also /&+ 9 ! same po/ure ( pr(\nd rev]5ce4 ,! rema9d] ( ! spaci\s room1 &1 inde$1 ! :ole c\rty>d1 is fill$ ) p]sons ( all ranks1 high & l[1 ri* & poor2 because x is 9 ?is ext5sive hall t ! ,k+ gives audi5ce indiscrim9ately to all 8 subjects2 h5ce x is call$ ,am ,khas1 or audi5ce *amb] ( high & l[4 ,dur+ ! h\r & a half1 or two h\rs1 t ?is c]emony cont9ues1 a c]ta9 numb] ( ! royal horses pass be=e ! ?rone1 t ! ,k+ may see :e!r !y are well us$ & ,usbec1 ( e k9d1 & ea* dog ) a small r$ cov]+2 la/ly1 e species ( ! birds ( prey us$ 9 field sports = cat*+ p>tridges1 cranes1 h>es1 & ev51 x is said1 = hunt+ antelopes1 on :i* !y p\nce ) viol5ce1 beat+ _! heads & bl9d+ !m ) _! w+s & claws4 ,aft] ?is p>ade1 ! m s]i\s bus9ess ( ! day 0 att5d$ to4 ,! ,emp]or review$ 8 cavalry ) peculi> att5tion1 = he 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) e troop]4 ,!n all ! petitions held up 9 ! assembl$ cr[d 7 read & dispos$ ( be=e ! audi5ce clos$4 ,on fe/ivals or o!r special occasions ! pill>s ( ! hall 7 hung ) gold brocades1 & fl[]$ sat9 canopies fa/5$ ) r$ silk5 cords 7 rais$ ov] ! :ole ap>tm5t4 ,! floor 0 cov]$ entirely ) ! mo/ magnific5t silk c>pets4 ,a gorge\s t5t1 l>g] ?an ! hall1 to :i* x 0 fa/5$1 & support$ by poles ov]laid ) silv]1 0 pit*$ outside4 ,e comp>tm5t ( ! arcades r\nd ! c\rty>d 0 decorat$ by "o ( ! great nobles1 at 8 own exp5se1 ) gold brocades & co/ly c>pets1 ea* "o vy+ ) ! o!r to attract ! att5tion ( ! ,emp]or1 to :om1 on su* occasions1 an (f]+ ( gold or jewels1 m or less valuable accord+ to ! pay & rank ( ! giv]1 mu/ be pres5t$4 ,,jahangir',s ,,ci/]n4--,j 9 front ( ! ,dwan-i-m is a great /one ci/]n1 cut out ( a s+le block1 ) /eps inside & out1 kn[n z ,jahangir's ,hauz1 a b[l or ba?-tub4 ,!re is a long ,p]sian inscription r\nd ! out] rim2 ! only "p n[ deciph]able %[s t x 0 made = ,jahangir 9 #ajai ,a4,h4 7,a4,d4 #afaa74 ,x is ne>ly #e feet 9 height & #h feet 9 diamet] at ! top4 ,its orig9al place is said to h be5 "o ( ! c\rts ( ! ,jahangiri ,mahal4 ,,! ,,tomb ,,( ,,mr4 ,,colv94--,close by ,jahangiri's ,hauz is ! grave ( ,mr4 ,john ,russell ,colv91 ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor ( ! ,nor?-,we/ ,prov9ces1 :o di$ 9 ! ,=t dur+ ! di/urbances ( #aheg4 ,! ,inn] ,mna ,baz>4 ,be=e ent]+ ! private ap>tm5ts ( ! palace1 :i* are at ! back ( ! ,dwan-i-m1 we may pass ?r\gh ! gateway on ! left ( ! c\rty>d1 & ent] a small] "o1 :i* 0 ! private baz> :]e m]*ants sold jewell]y1 silks1 & co/ly brocades to ! ladies ( ! zanana1 :o 7 seat$ 9 ! m>ble balcony :i* ov]looks x 7,plate ,,iv474 ,a n>r[ /aircase gave access to ! balcony f ! c\rty>d4 ,we may well believe t a consid]able "p ( ! ladies' "t 0 sp5t 9 ?is qu>t] ( ! palace4 ,sometimes ! ,great ,mogul & 8 c\rt w\ld amuse !mselves by hold+ a mock fair1 9 :i* ! prettie/ ( ! nobles' wives & daught]s w\ld act z trad]s1 & ! ,emp]ors & ! ,begums w\ld b>ga9 ) !m 9 ! mo/ approv$ baz> fa%ion4 ,! ,emp]or w\ld haggle = ! value ( an anna1 & ! ladies w\ld feign indignation1 scold 8 ,maje/y r\ndly1 & tell him to g :]e he c\ld suit himself bett]4 ,! ,begums betray1 if possible1 a /ill great] anxiety to be s]v$ *eaply2 high words are he>d on e side1 & ! l\d & scurril\s qu>rels ( ! buy]s & sell]s create a complete f>ce4 ,b1 :5 at la/ ! b>ga9s are /ruck1 ! ,begums1 z well z ! ,emp]or1 pay lib]ally = _! pur*ases1 & (t51 z if by accid5t1 let slip out ( _! h&s a few gold in/ead ( silv] r\pies1 z a complim5t to ! fair m]*ant & h] pretty daught]4 ,?us ! sc5e ends ) m]ry je/s & good hum\r4 7,b]ni]47 ,,! ,,*itore ,,gates4--,! fur!r corn] ( ?is c\rty>d1 on ! left1 leads to ! ,*itore gates1 ! trophies :i* ,akb> plac$ !re z a memorial ( 8 capture ( t great ,rajput /ronghold 9 #afeg1 aft] a desp]ate resi/ance by its gallant def5d]s4 ,!y =m ! pr9cipal entrance to ! ,ma*hi ,bhawan1 ! great c\rty>d beh9d ! ,dwan-i-m1 b are g5]ally kept clos$4 ,,! ,,h9du ,,temple4--,beyond ! ,*itore gates y ent] into ano!r quadrangle surr\nd$ by arcades1 :i* recalls a diff]5t *apt] 9 ! *equ]$ hi/ory ( ! palace4 ,"h is a ,h9du temple1 built by "o ( ! ,bh>atpur ,rajahs1 :o sack$ ,agra ab\t ! middle ( ! #ah? c5tury1 & occupi$ x = t5 ye>s4 ,! ,ma*hi ,bhawan4 ,return+ n[ to ! ,dwan-i-m1 we c asc5d by "o ( ! small /aircases to ! ?rone-room1 & ent] ! upp] arcades :i* surr\nd ! ,ma*hi ,bhawan1 or ,fi% ,squ>e4 ,! c\rty>d has suff]$ s mu* f ru?less v&alism t x is difficult to realize its =m] magnific5ce4 ,x 0 =m]ly laid out 9 m>ble ) fl[]-b$s1 wat]-*annels1 f\nta9s1 & fi%-tanks4 ,^! 7 c>ri$ (f by ! ,jts to ! palace ( ,suraj ,mai1 at ,dg4 ,a l>ge quantity ( mosaic & exquisite m>ble fretwork1 f ?is & o!r p>ts ( ! palace1 0 put up to auction by ,"l ,william ,b5t9ck1 :5 ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,india4 ,! ,taj only escap$ ! same fate because ! proce$s ( ?is sale 7 unsatisfactory4 ,on ! side opposite to ! ?rone-room is an op5 t]race1 orig9ally ro($ ov] & connect$ ) ! ,dwan-i-khas4 ,?is also 0 dismantl$ by ! ,jts4 ,,! ,,naj9a ,,masjid4--,on ! left ( ! ?rone-room1 at ! end ( ! corridor1 is a door lead+ into a small mosque ( :ite m>ble1 built by ,aurangzb = ! ladies ( ! z5ana4 ,x is some?+ l ! ,mti ,masjid1 b f> inf]ior 9 design4 ,! fur!r corn] ( x op5s into a small *amb]1 ov]look+ ! c\rty>d ( ! ,dwan-i-m1 :i* is po9t$ out by ! guides z ! prison :]e ,%ah ,jahan 0 conf9$4 ,?is may be accept$ or n1 accord+ to ! *oice ( ! visitor4 ,:5 di/9ct hi/orical au?ority is want+1 x is v difficult to di/+ui% real tradition & pure fable 9 ! tales ( ^! g>rul\s folk4 ,! hi/orical evid5ce seems to %[ t ,%ah ,jahan 0 n kept a close prison]1 b simply conf9$ to c]ta9 ap>tm5ts 9 ! palace4 ,we w n[ pass ov] to ! riv] side ( ! ,ma*hi ,bhawan1 & approa* t "p ( ! palace :i* conta9s ! ,dwan-i-khas1 or ,hall ( ,private ,audi5ce1 ! ,zanana & ,mahal-i-khas1 all built by ,%ah ,jahan & occupi$ by him 9 ! days ( 8 royal /ate & sov]eignty4 ,!y rank ) ! ,dwan-i-khas at ,delhi z ! mo/ exquisite ( ,%ah ,jahan's build+s4 ,f ?is classification ,i purposely omit ! ,taj1 gleam+ on ! banks ( ! riv] l[] d[n4 ,! ,taj /&s by itself4 ,! ,dwan-i-,khas4 ,! ,dwan-i-khas 0 built 9 #afcg4 ,?\gh mu* small] ?an ! ,dwan-i-khas at ,delhi1 x is c]ta9ly n inf]ior 9 ! beauty ( its proportions & decoration4 ,mo/ ( ! decorative "w ( ^! m>ble pavilions is directly d]iv$ f ,p]sian art1 & inspir$ by ! ,p]sian love ( fl[]s :i* almo/ am\nt$ to fl[]-wor%ip4 ,all ! details are *>m+1 b ! dados1 especially1 edg$ ) inlaid "w & c>v$ ) floral types 9 ! mo/ delicate relief1 %[ to p]fection t wond]ful decorative in/9ct :i* seems to be born 9 ! ,ori5tal h&icraftsman4 ,! design] has navely translat$ into m>ble ! conv5tional ,indian fl[]-b$s1 j z !y 7 9 e palace g>d51 b !re is p]fect art 9 ! seem+ abs5ce ( all artifice4 ,! dados outside ! ,taj are simil> 9 design to ^!1 ?\gh l>g] & correspond+ly bold] 9 /yle4 ,! ro( ( ! ,dwan-i-khas1 ) its f9e cov]$ ceil+1 is int]e/+ = its con/ruction4 ,,jahangir',s ,,?rone4--,on ! t]race 9 front ( ! ,dwan-i-khas are plac$ two ?rones1 "o ( :ite m>ble on ! side fac+ ! ,ma*hi-,bhawan1 & ! o!r ( black slate on ! riv] side4 ,f ! ,p]sian inscription :i* runs r\nd ! f\r sides ( ! black ?rone we le>n t x 0 made 9 #afjc = ,jahangir4 ,?is 0 two ye>s be=e ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 ,akb>1 & he 0 !n only ,pr9ce ,salm4 ,! ?rone 01 !re=e1 probably made to commemorate ! recognition by ,akb> ( 8 son's title to ! succession4 ,on ?is t]race ,jahangir sat to enjoy ! sight ( 8 brigant9es on ! riv]1 or to wat* ! elephant fights on ! level place b5ea? ! walls4 ,f side to side ( 8 ?rone !re is a long fissure1 :i* op5$1 s says tradition1 :5 ! ,jt ,rajah1 ,jawah> ,s+h ( ,bh>atpur1 9 #agfe1 set 8 usurp+ feet on ! ?rone ( ! ,great ,mogul4 ,! tradition holds t blood spurt$ out ( ! ?rone 9 two places1 & r$ m>ks 9 ! /one are po9t$ out z evid5ce ( ! tru? ( ! /ory4 ,! impi\s *ief 0 %ortly aft]w>ds assass9at$ 9 ! palace4 ,,! ,,ba?s4--,on ! side ( ! t]race directly opposite to ! ,dwan-i-khas are ! ba?s1 or ! ,hammam4 ,! wat] 0 br\ght up f a well1 outside ! walls1 #gj feet bel[4 ,^! ba?s1 9 _! pres5t /ate1 are by no means s f9e z ^? at ,fatehpur ,sikri1 to be describ$ h]eaft]4 ,! ,m>quis ( ,ha/+s1 :5 ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,india1 broke up "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ! ba?s ( ! palace1 & s5t x home z a pres5t to ! ,pr9ce ,reg5t1 aft]w>ds ,george ! ,f\r?4 ,! ,samman ,burj4 ,a doorway at ! back ( ! ,dwan-i-khas leads to ! beautiful two-/ori$ pavilion1 surm\nt+ "o ( ! mo/ project+ ( ! circul> ba/ions on ! riv] face1 & kn[n z ! ,samman ,burj1 ! ,jasm9e ,t[] 7,plate ,v474 ,! /yle ( ! inlaid "w %[s x to be e>li] 9 date ?an ! ,dwan-i-khas1 & supports ,f]gusson's conjecture t x 0 built by ,jahangir4 ,9 t case x mu/ h be5 ! ap>tm5t ( 8 ,empress1 ! beautiful & accompli%$ ,nur ,mahal4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds occupi$ by ,mumtaz ,mahal1 ! lady ( ! ,taj4 ,"h1 also1 9 full view ( ! fam\s monum5t he _h rais$ to h] memory1 di$ h] husb&1 ,%ah ,jahan--s5suali/1 p]haps1 b true to 8 la/ h\rs to "o great ma/]-passion4 ,! fai?ful ,jahan>a1 :o %>$ 8 captivity = sev5 ye>s1 att5d$ him on 8 dea?-b$1 &1 z ! %ades ( night clos$ 9 & hid ! ,taj f view--pray+ ,div9e =giv5ess = 8 s9s1 & ) a few consol+ words to 8 daught]--he w5t to jo9 8 belov$6 ,aft] ! rites prescrib$ by ! ,muhammadan law1 ! body 0 plac$ 9 a c(f9 ( s&alwood & convey$ by ! passage :i* leads f ! ,samman ,burj to ! l[ gate b5ea? x1 :i* 0 specially op5$ = ! occasion4 ,!nce1 foll[$ by a procession ( m\rn]s1 x 0 c>ri$ out ( ! ,=t ?r\gh ! ,%] ,hji gate1 ne>ly opposite 7n[ clos$71 & convey$ across ! arm ( ! riv] to its la/ re/+-place 9 ! ,taj4 ,! dea? ( ,%ah ,jahan & 8 fun]al are m9utely describ$ by ,mulla ,muhammad ,kzim 9 8 ,alamgir ,nama4 ,! guides wrongly po9t out a pavilion 9 ! ,jahangiri ,mahal z ! place :]e he di$4 ,9 front ( ! ,samman ,burj is a beautiful little f\nta9 holl[$ 9 ! floor2 on "o side ( ! c\rty>d is a rais$ plat=m laid out 9 squ>es ( black m>ble = ! game ( pa*isi1 an ,ea/]n backgammon4 #g ,! ,khas ,mahal4 ,f ! ,samman ,burj we /ep into ! next set ( ap>tm5ts ( ! zanana1 connect+ ) ! ,khas ,mahal & a simil> set on ! o!r side4 ,?is "p ( ! zanana =ms ! ea/1 or riv] side1 ( ! ,anguri ,bagh1 or ,grape ,g>d54 ,!re is an indescribable grace & *>m ab\t all ?is qu>t] ( ! palace1 to :i* ! beauty ( ! mat]ial1 ! p]fect ta/e ( ! ornam5t & elegance ( ! proportions1 ! delightful backgr\nd ( ! l&scape1 & ! hi/orical associations all contribute4 ,x %\ld be se5 t[>ds ev5+1 n 9 ! full gl>e ( ! morn+ sun4 ,:5 ! aft]gl[ fills ! sky1 burni%es ! gild$ ro(s1 & turns ! m>ble to rose-col\r1 imag9ation may re-p ^! lovely pavilions ) fair ,indian wom5--revel 9 ! fea/ ( col\r 9 s>is1 brocades1 & c>pets2 9 ! gold1 azure1 & crimson ( ! pa9t$ ceil+s2 & li/5 to ! wat] spla%+ 9 ! f\nta9s & gurgl+ ov] ! c>v$ wat]-%oots--a sc5e ( voluptu\s beauty su* z ! _w has r>ely kn[n s9ce ! weal? & elegance ( ,rome fill$ ! palaces & villas ( ,pompei4 ,9 ! walls ( ! ,khas ,mahal are a numb] ( ni*es :i* =m]ly conta9$ portraits ( ! ,mogul ,emp]ors1 beg9n+ ) ,timur1 :i*1 l s _m o!r ?+s1 7 loot$ by ! ,rajah ( ,bh>atpur4 ,a numb] ( simil> portraits & o!r f9e pa9t+s ( ! ,mogul p]iod are pres]v$ 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,art ,gall]y1 ,calcutta4 ,a ,p]sian poem inscrib$ on ! walls ( ! ,khas ,mahal gives ! date ( its con/ruction1 #afcf4 ,,! ,,und]gr\nd ,,*amb]s4--,a /aircase to ! s\? ( ! ,khas ,mahal leads to a labyr9? ( und]gr\nd *amb]s1 9 :i* ! ,emp]or & 8 zanana f\nd refuge f ! fi]ce summ] heat ( ,agra4 ,9 ! s\?-ea/ corn] !re is a well-h\se1 call$ a boli2 ?is is a set ( *amb]s surr\nd+ a well--a fav\rite retreat 9 ! hot wea!r4 ,!re 7 =m]ly _m ( ! k9d r\nd ab\t ,agra1 con/ruct$ by ! ,mogul ,emp]ors or _! nobles4 ,besides ^! resorts ( ease & pleasure1 !re are gloomy dungeons :i* tell ( misbehav+ slaves & indiscreet sultanas1 :o 7 hurri$ d[n to meet _! fate at ! h&s ( ! execution]1 ! sil5t ,jumna receiv+ _! lifeless bodies4 ,! ,anguri ,bagh4 ,! great quadrangle 9 front ( ! ,khas ,mahal is ! ,anguri ,bagh1 surr\nd$ on ?ree sides by arcades1 probably built by ,akb> & int5d$ = 8 z5ana4 ,!y 7 occupi$ 9 ! ,mut9y days by ! ,briti% (fic]s & _! families :o 7 %ut up 9 ! ,=t4 ,! ,anguri ,bagh is a v typical specim5 ( ! old ,mogul g>d5s1 laid out 9 geometrical fl[]-b$s1 ) f\r t]rac$ walks radiat+ f ! c5tral plat=m & f\nta94 ,a /one trellis =m]ly enclos$ ! fl[]-b$s1 & probably support$ ! v9es :i* gave ! g>d5 its "n4 ,among ! _m improvem5ts lately made by ,"l ,curzon 9 ! ,=t is ! cle>ance ( ! wire-nett+ f]nh\ses & b$raggl$ %rubs :i* =m]ly disfigur$ ! quadrangle4 ,if x _c be kept up 9 ! old ,mogul /yle1 x is c]ta9ly bett] to leave ! g>d5 uncultivat$4 ,,%i% ,,mahal4--,on ! nor? side ( ! ,anguri ,bagh1 close to ! zanana1 a passage leads to ! ,%i% ,mahal1 or palace ( glass4 ,?is 0 ! ba? ( ! zanana4 ,! m>ble slabs ( ! floor h be5 torn up1 & ! decoration ) a k9d ( glass mosaic seems to h suff]$ f clumsy attempts at r5ovation4 ,a passage f ! ,%i% ,mahal leads to ! old wat] gate4 ,,! ,,somna? ,,gates4--,be=e ent]+ ! ,jahangiri ,mahal1 on ! opposite side ( ! ,anguri ,bagh1 we w pause at a corn] ( ! zanana c\rty>d1 :]e a small ap>tm5t conta9s an int]e/+ relic ( ! ,afghan exp$ition ( #ahdb--! s-call$ ,somna? gates1 tak5 f ! tomb ( ,mahmud ( ,ghazni 9 ! capture ( t city by ! ,briti%4 ,!y 7 ! subject ( a mo/ extraord9>y ar*ological blund] by ! ,gov]nor-,g5]al1 ,"l ,ell5bor\gh1 :o1 9 a gr&iloqu5t proclamation1 id5tify+ !m ) ! gates ( c>v$ s&alwood :i* ,mahmud accord+ to tradition1 _h tak5 f ! celebrat$ ,h9du temple ( ,somna? 9 #ajbe1 ann\nc$ to ! p ( ,india t ! insult ( eight hundr$ ye>s _h be5 av5g$4 ,! gates 7 convey$ on a triumphal c> ?r\gh ! t[ns ( nor!rn ,india to ! ,agra ,=t1 & deposit$ !re ) great c]emony4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! wood is deod>1 & n s&alwood1 & f ! /yle ( ! ornam5t !re c be h>dly a d\bt t ! gates 7 made at or ne> ,ghazni4 ,"o glance w\ld conv9ce any exp]t 9 ,ori5tal ar*ology t !y c\ld n by any possibility h be5 ! gates ( a ,h9du temple4 ,x has be5 suppos$ t ! orig9al gates 7 de/roy$ by fire1 & t ^! 7 made to replace !m1 b !re seems to be consid]able d\bt :e!r ,mahmud really took away any gates f ! ,somna? temple4 ,x c]ta9ly w\ld h be5 unusual = ! great ,muhammadan plund]] to h burd5$ himself ) an ar*ological relic :i*1 9 ^? days1 0 n easily conv]tible into ca%4 ,a horse-%oe :i* is nail$ to ! gate is n1 z is g5]ally suppos$1 a propitiation ( ! ,goddess ( ,=tune1 b a tok5 f ! own] ( "s sick animal t he w\ld br+ an (f]+ to ! %r9e 9 ! ev5t ( a cure result+ f 8 visit4 ,?is 0 an old cu/om among ! ,t>t>s & o!r nomad tribes1 :o valu$ horses & cattle z _! mo/ preci\s possessions4 ,! ,jahangiri ,mahal4 ,! palace call$ aft] ,jahangir1 ! ,jahangiri ,mahal1 is 9 _m respects ! mo/ rem>kable build+ ( its class 9 ,india4 ,no?+ c\ld be m /rik+ ?an ! contra/ betwe5 ! extreme elegance1 bord]+ on effem9acy1 ( ! m>ble pavilions ( ,%ah ,jahan's palaces1 & ! robu/1 virile1 yet highly imag9ative ar*itecture ( ?is palace ( ,akb>2 = ?\gh x be>s ,jahangir's "n !re _c be mu* d\bt t x 0 plann$1 & p>tially1 if n completely1 c>ri$ out by ,akb> ) ! same ar*itects :o built ,fatehpur ,sikri4 ,x is ! p]fect$ type ( ! /yle :i* we see 9 process ( evolution at ,fatehpur1 & 7 x n = ! ,taj1 we might regret ! new elem5t :i* came into ,mogul ar*itecture ) ,itmd-ud-daulah's tomb4 ,bo? ( ^! /yles1 :i* appe> side by side 9 ! ,agra ,=t1 are int5sely typical ( ! m5 & ! times :i* produc$ !m4 ,! "o is /amp$ ?r\gh\t ) ! p]sonality ( ,akb>1 ! empire-build]1 & di/+ui%$ by ! /ately solidity ( ,ja9 & ,h9du ar*itecture4 ,9 ! o!r ! native vig\r ( ! e>li] ,indian /yles has be5 s(t5$ by ! cultur$ eclecticism ( ,p]sia & ,arabia1 = ! manly dignity ( ,akb>'s c\rt _h giv5 place to ! s5sual luxury ( ,%ah ,jahan's4 ,on ! riv] side ( ! palace !re is an octagonal pavilion plac$ simil>ly to ! ,samman ,burj1 :i* is v *>m+ 9 its fresco decoration1 ?\gh ! col\r has fad$ v mu*4 ,x is possibly ?is pavilion to :i* ,badyun1 "o ( ,akb>'s biograph]s1 ref]s :5 he describes a ,brahm91 nam$ ,dbi1 be+ pull$ up ! walls ( ! ca/le1 sitt+ on a *>p 7a native b$71 till he arriv$ ne> ! balcony :]e ! ,emp]or us$ to sleep4 ,:il/ ?us susp5d$ he in/ruct$ 8 ,maje/y 9 ! secrets & leg5ds ( ,h9duism1 9 ! mann] ( wor%ipp+ idols1 ! fire1 ! sun1 & />s1 & ( rev]+ ! *ief gods ( ^! unbeliev]s4 ,! prie/s ( o!r religions 7 simil>ly c>ri$ up to conv]se ) ,akb>4 ,adjo9+ ?is is a set ( small rooms1 kn[n z ,akb>'s ap>tm5ts1 :i*1 ev5 9 _! pres5t dilapidat$ /ate1 %[ t !y mu/ h possess$ a ri*ness & beauty ( decoration inf]ior to no?+ else 9 ! :ole ,=t4 ,! dados 7 decorat$ ) gesso "w on a gold gr\nd4 ,! bord]s are /ill almo/ intact1 b ! re/ ( ! relief ornam5t seems to h be5 wantonly hack$ (f out ( pure mis*ief4 ,i believe ?is is ! only example ( gesso "w 9 any ( ,akb>'s build+s4 ,! treatm5t ( ! upp] "p ( ! walls ) ! *>act]i/ic cusp+s ( ,arabian & ,moori% ar*itects is admirable4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ^!1 we ent] a long room kn[n z ! libr>y1 9 :i* a n v successful attempt 0 made "s ye>s ago to re/ore ! pa9t$ decoration4 ,x is to be dev\tly hop$ t ?is & o!r dang]\s exp]im5ts ( ! k9d w n be cont9u$1 except "u skill$ arti/ic sup]vision4 ,! re/oration ( ! /ructural p>ts ( ! palace & ( ! /one c>v+ is a m easy matt]1 = ! desc5dants ( ! v m5 :o built & c>v$ ! palace /ill practise _! art 9 ,agra & r\nd ab\t4 ,?is has be5 admirably c>ri$ out by ! ,public ,works ,dep>tm5t "u ,"l ,curzon's ord]s4 ,! out] c\rty>d1 on ! riv]side1 is v int]e/+1 especially = a v elegant & orig9al por*1 9 :i* ,s>ac5ic feel+ pr$om9ates2 b on ent]+ ! inn] c\rty>d 7,plate ,,vi47 x is m easy to realize t ?is ,palace is "o ( ! great ma/]pieces ( ,mogul ar*itecture4 ,! beauty ( ?is inn] quadrangle is d]iv$ n s mu* f its f9e proportions & ri* ornam5tation z f ! wond]ful rhy?mic play ( light & %ad[1 produc$ by ! bracket =m ( con/ruction & ! admirable disposition ( ! op5+s = doors1 w9d[s1 & colonnades4 ,! nor? side ( ! quadrangle is =m$ by a pill>$ hall1 ( di/9ctly ,h9du design1 full ( ! feel+ ( my/]y *>act]i/ic ( indig5\s ,indian /yles4 ,! subdu$ light ( ! int]ior adds to ! impressiv5ess ( its great pi]s /ret*+ _! giant brackets up to ! ro( l ! gn>l$ & twi/$ bran*es ( primeval =e/ trees4 ,a v int]e/+ po9t ( view c be obta9$ f ! gall]y :i* runs r\nd ! upp] "p ( ! hall4 ,"o ( ,jahangir's wives1 a ,h9du pr9cess ( ,jodhpur1 h5ce kn[n z ,jodh ,bai1 liv$ 9 ?is "p ( ! palace1 & ! room on ! we/ side ( ! quadrangle1 surr\nd$ by a numb] ( oblong ni*es1 is said to h be5 h] temple1 9 :i* ! images ( ,hanuman & o!r ,h9du deities 7 kept4 ,on ! ro( ( ! ,jahangiri ,mahal !re are two f9e pavilions2 also a numb] ( ci/]ns1 :i* suppli$ ! palace ) wat]4 ,9 ! side ( "o ( !m !re are a numb] ( pipe-holes1 l9$ ) copp]1 ov] ea* ( :i* is a circul> /one label inscrib$ ) ! "p ( ! palace to :i* x gave a supply4 ,! ,salmg>h4 ,on ! ris+ gr\nd beh9d ! c\rty>d ( ! ,dwan-i-m !re =m]ly exi/$ a palace call$ ! ,salmg>h4 ,be=e ,jahangir's accession he 0 kn[n z ,pr9ce ,salm1 & tradition associates ?is palace ) him4 ,f]gusson1 h[ev]1 /ates t 9 8 "t an exquisite fragm5t ( a palace built by ,%]e ,%ah1 or 8 son ,salm1 exi/$ "h4 ,! ,salmg>h at ,delhi is nam$ aft] ! son ( ,%]e ,%ah1 ,salm ,%ah ,sur1 :o built x1 & !re is "s d\bt z to :i* ( ! two ,salms gave 8 "n to ! ,salmg>h at ,agra4 ,akb>'s ,=t is kn[n to h be5 built to replace an old] "o 7kn[n z ! ,badalg>h7 by ,salm ,%ah ,sur1 b x is q possible t a "p ( ! palace may h be5 left1 & reta9$ ! "n ( its f\nd]4 ,! only "p ( ! ,salmg>h :i* n[ rema9s is a l>ge two-/ori$ pavilion 9 front ( ! b>racks4 ,! upp] half ( ! ext]ior is c>v$ ) extraord9>y ri*ness4 ,! /yle ( design c]ta9ly indicates ! p]iod ( ! ,jahangiri ,mahal & ,akb>'s build+s at ,fatehpur ,sikri1 r ?an ,%]e ,%ah's "w4 ,! ,jmi ,masjid4 ,ne>ly opposite to ! ,delhi ,gate ( ! ,=t is ! ,jmi ,masjid1 or ,ca!dral ,mosque1 built by ,jahan>a1 ,%ah ,jahan's elde/ daught]4 ,x is 9 ! same /yle z ! spl5did mosque built by ,%ah ,jahan at ,delhi1 b f> inf]ior 9 m]it4 ,!re is a tam5ess ab\t ! :ole design v unusual 9 ! build+s ( ?is epo*4 ,! zig-zag /rip+ ( ! domes is decid$ly unpleasant4 ,an inscription ov] ! ma9 ar*way /ates t x 0 complet$ 9 ! ye> #afdd ,a4,d4 a co/ ( five lakhs ( rupees4 ,! ,taj ,arjum& ,banu ,begam ! fav\rite wife ( ,%ah ,jahan1 is bett] kn[n by h] o!r "n1 ,mumtaz ,mahal 7! ,cr[n ( ! ,palace74 ,h] fa!r 0 ,asaf ,khan1 :o 0 bro!r ( ! ,empress ,nur ,mahal1 ,jahangir's wife4 ,%e 0 ?us ! gr&daught] ( ,itmd-ud-daulah1 ,jahangir's ,prime ,m9i/]1 ^: tomb1 on ! opposite bank ( ! riv]1 w be describ$ h]eaft]4 ,9 #afab1 at ! age ( n9ete5 ye>s %e 0 m>ri$ to ,%ah ,jahan--!n ,pr9ce ,khurram--:o1 ?\gh h>dly tw5ty-"o1 _h already ano!r wife4 ,?is second m>riage1 h[ev]1 0 a real love-mat*1 & ,mumtaz 0 h] husb&'s insep>able companion on all 8 j\rneys & milit>y exp$itions4 ,%ah ,jahan1 l 8 fa!r1 all[$ 8 wife a l>ge %>e 9 ! responsibilities ( gov]nm5t4 ,l ,nur ,mahal1 %e 0 fam$ z mu* = h] *>ity z = h] beauty4 ,h] influ5ce 0 especially ex]cis$ 9 obta9+ clem5cy = crim9als condemn$ to dea?4 ,%e bore him f\rte5 *ildr51 & di$ 9 *ildb$ 9 #afcj1 or ! second ye> aft] ,%ah ,jahan's accession to ! ?rone1 at ,burhanpur1 :i!r %e _h accompani$ h] husb& on a campaign aga9/ ,khan ,jahan ,lodi4 ,! ,emp]or 0 ov]p[]$ ) grief4 ,= a week he refus$ to see any ( 8 m9i/]s1 or to transact any bus9ess ( /ate4 ,he ev5 contemplat$ resign+ ! ?rone & divid+ ! empire among 8 sons4 ,= two ye>s ! c\rt obs]v$ /rict m\rn+4 ,no music or fe/ivities 7 all[$2 ! we>+ ( jewels1 ! use ( p]fumes & luxuries ( all k9ds 7 =bidd54 ,! mon? ( ,zikad1 9 :i* %e di$1 0 obs]v$ z a mon? ( m\rn+ = _m ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,! body ( ,mumtaz 0 remov$ to ,agra1 & rema9$ tempor>ily 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,taj :ile ! f\ndations ( ! build+ 7 be+ laid4 ,x 0 !n plac$ 9 ! vault :]e x n[ lies4 ,a tempor>y dome cov]$ ! tomb :ile ! great monum5t grew up ov] x4 ,! build+ ( ! ,taj4 ,x 0 "o ( ^? int]vals 9 hi/ory :5 ! :ole g5ius ( a p is conc5trat$ on great ar*itectural works1 & art becomes an epitome ( ! age4 ,= ! ,taj 0 n a creation ( a s+le ma/]-m9d1 b ! consummation ( a great art epo*4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,akb> ! be/ ar*itects1 arti/s1 & art workm5 ( ,india1 ,p]sia1 ,arabia1 & ,c5tral ,asia _h be5 attract$ to ! ,mogul c\rt4 ,all ! res\rces ( a great empire 7 at _! disposal1 = ,%ah ,jahan desir$ t ?is monum5t ( 8 grief %\ld be "o ( ! wond]s ( ! _w4 ,! sad circum/ances :i* att5d$ ! e>ly dea? ( ! devot$ wife :o _h ende>$ h]self to ! p might well inspire all 8 subjects to jo9 9 ! ,emp]or's pi\s int5tions4 ,accord+ to ! old ,t>t> cu/om1 a g>d5 0 *os5 z a site = ! tomb--a g>d5 plant$ ) fl[]s & fl[]+ %rubs1 ! emblems ( life1 & solemn cypress1 ! emblem ( dea? & et]nity4 ,su* a g>d51 9 ! ,mogul days1 0 kept up z a pleasure-gr\nd dur+ ! own]'s lifetime1 & us$ z 8 la/ re/+-place aft] 8 dea?4 ,! old tradition laid d[n t x mu/ be acquir$ by fair means1 & n by =ce or fraud4 ,s ,rajah ,jey ,s+h1 to :om ! g>d5 belong$1 0 comp5sat$ by ! gift ( ano!r prop]ty f ! ,emp]or's private e/ate4 ,%ah ,jahan next appo9t$ a c\ncil ( ! be/ ar*itects ( 8 empire = prep>+ ! design = ! build+4 ,draw+s ( _m ( ! mo/ celebrat$ build+s ( ! _w 7 %[n & discuss$4 ,x is ev5 believ$ t "o ,g]onimo ,v]roneo1 an ,italian :o 0 !n 9 ! ,mogul s]vice1 submitt$ designs = ,%ah ,jahan's inspection1 a fact :i* has l$ _m writ]s into ! error ( suppos+ t ! ,taj1 z complet$1 0 actually design$ by him4 #h ,! design ev5tually accept$ 0 by ,u/ad ,isa1 :o is /at$ 9 "o acc\nt to h be5 a ,byzant9e ,turk1 & 9 ano!r a native ( ,%iraz1 9 ,p]sia4 ,! ma/]-build]s came f _m diff]5t p>ts2 ! *ief masons f ,baghdad1 ,delhi1 & ,multan2 ! dome build]s f ,asiatic ,turkey & f ,sam>k&2 ! mosaic work]s f ,kanauj & f ,baghdad2 ! pr9cipal calligraphi/ = ! inscriptions f ,%iraz4 ,e "p ( ,india & ,c5tral ,asia contribut$ ! mat]ials2 ,jaipur1 ! m>ble2 ,fatehpur ,sikri1 ! r$ s&/one2 ! ,panjab1 jasp]2 ,*9a1 ! jade & cry/al2 ,tibet1 turquoises2 ,ceylon1 lapis lazuli & sapphires2 ,arabia1 coral & cornelian2 ,panna 9 ,bundelkund1 diamonds2 ,p]sia1 onyx & ame?y/4 ,tw5ty ?\s& m5 7 employ$ 9 ! con/ruction1 :i* took sev5te5 ye>s to complete4 #i ,! s>cophagus 0 orig9ally enclos$ by a f5ce or scre5 ( gold /udd$ ) gems4 ,?is 0 remov$ 9 #afdb1 & replac$ by ! pres5t exquisite scre5 ( pi]c$ m>ble 7,plate ,,vii474 ,! ,taj also possess$ =m]ly two wond]ful silv] doors4 ,au/9 de ,bordeaux1 a ,fr5* goldsmi?1 :o 0 employ$ by ,%ah ,jahan 9 mak+ ! celebrat$ ,peacock ?rone1 may possibly h execut$ "s ( ?is metal-"w 9 ! ,taj2 b !re is no evid5ce wor?y ( consid]ation to support ! common ,anglo-,indian belief t he design$ or sup]9t5d$ ! pietra dura1 or inlaid m>ble decoration ( ! build+1 :i* is entirely ( ! ,p]sian s*ool4 ,^! silv] doors 7 loot$ & melt$ d[n by ! ,jts 9 #agfd4 ,besides ! lavi% exp5diture on ! build+1 lakhs ( rupees 7 sp5t 9 provid+ ! ri*e/ ( ,p]sian silk c>pets1 gold5 lamps1 & magnific5t c&le/icks4 ,a %eet ( pe>ls1 valu$ at sev]al lakhs1 0 made to cov] ! s>cophagus4 ,?is 0 c>ri$ (f by ! ,amir ,huse9 ,ali ,khan1 9 #agbj1 z "p ( 8 %>e ( ! spoil ( ,agra4 ,! total exp5diture1 accord+ to native acc\nts1 am\nt$ to ne>ly #ahe lakhs ( rupees4 ,x is said t ,%ah ,jahan _h int5d$ to con/ruct a mausoleum = himself opposite to ! ,taj1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,jumna & to connect ! two by a great bridge4 ,! project 0 int]rupt$ & nev] complet$1 ow+ to ! usurpation ( ,aurangzb1 %ortly aft] ! f\ndations 7 laid4 ,! ,int5tion ( ! ,taj4 ,! ,taj has be5 ! subject ( numb]less critical essays1 b _m ( !m h miss$ ! m>k entirely1 because ! writ]s h n be5 suffici5tly conv]sant ) ! _s ( ,ea/]n arti/ic ?\ght4 ,all comp>isons ) ! ,p>!non or o!r classic build+s are useless4 ,"o _c comp>e ,hom] ) ! ,mhabhrat1 or ,kalds ) ,euripides4 ,! ,p>!non 0 a temple = ,pallas ,a!ne1 an exquisite casket to conta9 ! jewel4 ,! ,taj is ! jewel--! ideal itself4 ,indian ar*itecture is 9 mu* clos] aff9ity to ! great conceptions ( ! ,go?ic build]s ?an x is to any?+ ( classic or ,r5aissance con/ruction4 ,! ,go?ic ca!dral1 ) its sculptur$ ar*es & its spires po9t+ heav5w>ds1 is a symbol1 z mo/ ,ea/]n build+s are symbols4 ,! ,mogul arti/s1 be+ prev5t$ by ! precepts ( ! ,muhammadan religion f attempt+ sculpture1 z und]/ood 9 ,europe1 succe$$ 9 inve/+ _! great ar*itectural monum5ts ) an extraord9>y p]sonal "*4 ,!re is a wond]ful p]sonality 9 ! dignity & greatness ( ,akb>'s tomb2 we see ! s*ol> & ! poli%$ c\rti] 9 ,itmd-ud-daulah's4 ,b ! ,taj c>ries ?is idea ( p]sonality fur!r ?an _h be5 attempt$ 9 any ( ! ,mogul monum5ts2 x repres5ts 9 art ! highe/ developm5t t[>ds individualism1 ! /ruggle aga9/ ! re/ra9ts ( ritualism & dogma1 :i* ,akb> initiat$ 9 religion4 ,e "o :o has se5 ! ,taj mu/ h felt t !re is some?+ 9 x1 difficult to def9e or analyze1 :i* diff]5tiates x f all o!r build+s 9 ! _w4 ,sir ,edw9 ,arnold has /ruck ! true note ( criticism 9 ! foll[+ l9es3-- ,n ,ar*itecture6 z all o!rs are1 ,b ! pr\d passion ( an ,emp]or's love ,wr\ght into liv+ /one1 :i* gleams & so>s ,) body ( beauty %r9+ s\l & ?\ght2 444 ,z :5 "s face ,div9ely fair unveils be=e our eyes-- ,"s woman beautiful unspeakably-- ,& ! blood quick5s1 & ! _s leaps1 ,& w to wor%ip b5ds ! half-yield$ knees1 ,:ile brea? =gets to brea!4 ,s is ! ,taj6 ,?is is n a m]e flight ( poetic fancy1 b a deep & true int]pretation ( ! mean+ ( ! ,taj4 ,:at 7 ! ?\ghts ( ! design]s1 & ( ,%ah ,jahan himself1 :5 !y resolv$ to raise a monum5t ( et]nal love to ! ,cr[n ( ! ,palace--,taj ,mahal8 ,surely n only ( a mausoleum--a sepul*re fa%ion$ aft] ord9>y ar*itectural canons1 b ( an ar*itectonic ideal1 symbolical ( h] womanly grace & beauty4 ,^? critics :o h object$ to ! effem9acy ( ! ar*itecture unconsci\sly pay ! highe/ tribute to ! g5ius ( ! build]s4 ,! ,taj 0 meant to be fem99e4 ,! :ole conception1 & e l9e & detail ( x1 express ! int5tion ( ! design]s4 ,x is ,mumtaz ,mahal h]self1 radiant 9 h] y\?ful beauty1 :o /ill l+]s on ! banks ( ! %9+ ,jumna1 at e>ly morn1 9 ! gl[+ midday sun1 or 9 ! silv] moonlight4 ,or r1 we %\ld say1 x conveys a m ab/ract ?\ght2 x is ,india's noble tribute to ! grace ( ,indian womanhood--! ,v5us de ,milo ( ! ,ea/4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 we c und]/& h[ fooli% x is to =mulate criticisms ( ! ,taj bas$ on ord9>y ar*itectural pr9ciples z practis$ 9 ,europe4 ,_m ( ^! criticisms1 :i* might be appropriate en\gh if appli$ to a mod]n prov9cial t[n hall1 are only silly & imp]t95t 9 ref]5ce to ! ,taj4 ,"s are born tone-deaf1 o!rs col\r-bl9d1 & !re are _m :o c f9d beauty 9 "o p>ticul> =m or expression ( art & 9 no o!rs4 ,s ! ,taj w always f9d detractors4 ,b :oev] tries to und]/& ! imag9ative side ( ,ea/]n ?\ght w leave ! critics to !mselves1 & take unre/ra9$ delight 9 ! exquisitely subtle rhy?m ( ?is m>vell\s creation ( ,mogul art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! gateway ( ! ,taj faces a spaci\s quadrangle surr\nd$ by arcades4 ,?is is a c>avan s]ai1 or place :]e travell]s halt$4 ,"h1 also1 ! poor 7 provid$ ) food & %elt]1 & on ! anniv]s>y day va/ sums 7 di/ribut$ 9 *>ity f ! funds ) :i* ! ,taj 0 end[$4 ,x is well to pause be=e ent]+1 & admire ! proportions & p]fect ta/e ( ! decoration ( ?is gateway2 = aft]w>ds "o has no eyes = any?+ b ! ,taj itself4 ,x is mu* f9] 9 design ?an ! simil> gateway ( ,akb>'s tomb at ,sik&ra4 ,an ,arabic inscription 9 black m>ble1 ( passages tak5 f ! ,koran1 frames ! pr9cipal ar*1 & invites ! pure ( he>t to ent] ! ,g>d5s ( ,p>adise4 ,! fir/ view ( ! ,taj is f )9 ?is noble portal1 fram$ by ! sombre %ad[ ( ! great ar* :i* op5s on to ! g>d54 ,at ! end ( a long t]race1 its graci\s outl9e p>tly mirror$ 9 ! /ill wat] ( a wide canal1 a fairy vision ( silv]-:ite--l ! _s ( purity--seems to re/ s lightly1 s t5d]ly1 on ! e>?1 z if 9 a mom5t x w\ld so> into ! sky4 ,! beauty ( ! ,taj1 z 9 all great art1 lies 9 its simplicity4 ,"o wond]s t s mu* beauty c come f s little ef=t4 ,yet no?+ is want+1 no?+ 9 excess2 "o _c alt] ?is & t & say t x is bett]4 ,! g>d51 z orig9ally plann$1 0 an integral "p ( "o great design4 ,! solemn r[s ( cypresses 7 plant$ s z to help out ! l9es ( ! ar*itecture2 ! fl[]+ trees & fl[]-b$s complet$ ! h>mony ) a spl5did gl[ ( col\r4 #aj ,beautiful z ! fir/ view ( ! ,taj is ev5 n[1 "o c h>dly realize h[ glori\s x mu/ h be5 :5 ! :ole int5tion ( ! design 0 fulfill$4 ,at pres5t !re is n a s+le spot 9 ! g>d5 itself :i* gives a view ( ! composition z a :ole4 ,advanc+ d[n ! ma9 t]race1 pav$ ) /one & laid out ) geometric fl[]-b$s1 we rea* a m>ble plat=m ) its f\nta9 7see frontispiece71 #aa :]e a ne>] view ( ! ,taj may be enjoy$4 ,su* a plat=m 0 ! c5tral feature 9 all ,mogul g>d5s4 ,! t]races to ! "r & left ( x end 9 two f9e pavilions ( r$ s&/one1 int5d$ = ! accommodation ( ! cu/odians ( ! mausoleum & = /oreh\ses4 ,f ?is po9t we c admire ! effect ( ! exquisite inlaid decoration1 f9e & preci\s z ! embroid]y on ! raim5t ( ,mumtaz h]self4 ,at ! end ( ! ma9 t]race we rea* ! /eps lead+ up to ! great plat=m on :i* ! ,taj & its m9>ets1 f\r tall c\rt ladies t5d+ _! ,pr9cess1 are rais$4 ,let u rev]5tly ent] ! c5tral *amb]1 :]e ,mumtaz ,mahal & ,%ah ,jahan1 h] "l & lov]1 lie4 ,f]gusson has truly said1 no words c express its *a/5$ beauty se5 9 ! s(t gloom ( ! subdu$ light com+ f ! di/ant & half-clos$ op5+s4 ,! scre5 ( m>ble trac]y :i* surr\nds ! tombs is 9 itself a ma/]piece4 ,ev5 ) all ! arti/ic res\rces :i* ,%ah ,jahan _h at 8 comm&1 x 0 a "w ( t5 ye>s4 ,mumtaz ,mahal lies 9 ! c5tre4 ,! :ite m>ble ( h] tomb blossoms ) a nev]-fad+ g>d5 ( ,p]sian fl[]s1 :i* ! magic ( ! ,mogul arti/s has creat$4 ,! inscription on x is z foll[s3 ,! illu/ri\s sepul*re ( ,arjum& ,banu ,begam1 call$ ,mumtaz ,mahal4 ,di$ 9 #ajdj ,a4,h4 7#afcj ,a4,d474 ,at ! head ( ! tomb is ! l9e3 ,he is ! ev]la/+3 ,he is suffici5t2 & ! foll[+ passage f ! ,koran3 ,god is ,he1 besides :om !re is no ,god4 ,he kn[e? :at is conceal$ & :at is manife/4 ,he is m]ciful & compassionate4 ,on "o side ( x3 ,ne>] unto ,god are ^? :o say ',our ,"l is ,god4' ,! inscription 9 ! tomb ( ,%ah ,jahan is z foll[s3 ,! illu/ri\s sepul*re & sacr$ re/+-place ( ,8 ,mo/ ,exalt$ ,maje/y dignifi$ z ,razwan 7! gu>dian ( ,p>adise71 hav+ 8 abode 9 ,p>adise1 & 8 dwell+ 9 ! />ry heav51 inhabitant ( ! regions ( bliss1 ! second "l ( ! ,qirn1 #ab ,%ah ,jahan1 ! k+ valiant4 ,may 8 tomb ev] fl\ri%2 & may 8 abode be 9 ! heav5s4 ,he travell$ f ?is transitory _w to ! _w ( et]nity on ! night ( ! #bh? ( ! mon? ( ,rajab1 #ajgf ,a4,h4 7#afff ,a4,d474 ,! real c5otaphs conta9+ ! rema9s ( ,%ah ,jahan & 8 wife are imm$iately "u ^! tombs1 9 ! vault bel[4 ,n ! lea/ ( ! wond]s ( ?is wond]ful build+ is 9 its ac\/ic qualities4 ,x does n respond to vulg> noises1 b if a few notes be sl[ly & s(tly sung 9 ?is vault1 & especially if ! *ord ( ! sev5? be s\nd$2 !y are caught up by ! e*oes ( ! ro( & repeat$ 9 endless h>monies1 :i* seem to ^? li/5+ above z if a cele/ial *oir 7 *ant+ angelic hymns4 ,x haunts ! air above & ar\nd2 x di/ils 9 %[]s ^u ! poli%$ m>ble2 x rises1 x falls4444 ,x is ! v elem5t ) :i* sweet dreams are build$4 ,x is ! _s ( ! ,taj1 ! voice ( inspir$ love6 ,surr\nd+ ! c5tral *amb] are eight small] ones = ! mullahs :o *ant$ ! ,koran & = musicians :o play$ s(t ,indian & ,p]sian melodies4 ,! vault bel[ 0 only op5$ once a ye>1 on ! anniv]s>y day1 :5 ! ,emp]or & all 8 c\rt att5d$ a solemn fe/ival4 ,ev5 on ord9>y occasions none b ,muhammadans 7 admitt$ into ! int]ior4 ,b]ni] tells u t he _h n se5 x1 on t acc\nt1 b he und]/ood t no?+ c\ld be conceiv$ m ri* & magnific5t4 ,! two mosques ( r$ s&/one on ei!r side ( ! ,taj are 9 ! same /yle z ! entrance gateway1 ! int]iors be+ decorat$ ) fresco & f9e cut pla/]-"w4 ,! "o t[>ds ! we/ 0 int5d$ = pray]s only2 ! floor is panell$ into sep>ate spaces = ea* wor%ipp]4 ,! opposite mosque 0 kn[n1 z ! ,jamaat ,khana1 or meet+-place = ! congregation be=e pray]s1 & on ! occasion ( ! great anniv]s>y s]vice4 ,/&+ on ! plat=m 9 front ( ?is mosque1 "o has a spl5did view ( ! ,taj1 ! riv]1 & ! di/ant ,=t4 ,z ! g>d5 is n[ arrang$2 a full view ( ! magnific5t plat=m1 ) its two mosques1 & ! ,taj itself1 c only be obta9$ f ! opposite side ( ! riv]1 :i* is n v accessible except by boat4 ,:5 ! travell] leaves ,agra by rail1 go+ ea/1 ! ,taj 9 all its glory c be se5 9 ! di/ance1 float+ l ! mirage ( "s wondr\s fairy palace ov] ! wav+ tufts ( ! pampas grass1 until at la/ x s9ks into ! pale horizon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,note4--,a small museum has be5 e/abli%$ lately by ! ,ar*ological ,dep>tm5t1 9 ! we/]n half ( ! ,taj ma9 gateway4 ,x conta9s an int]e/+ collection ( photographs & draw+s ( ! ,taj at diff]5t p]iods1 & specim5s ( ! /ones us$ 9 ! pietra dura1 or inlay "w ( ! build+4 ,!re are also samples illu/rat+ ! te*nique ( pietra dura1 & ! tools us$ by native workm54 ,itmd-ud-daulah's ,tomb ,! tomb ( ,itmd-ud-daulah1 ! ,"l ,high ,treasur]1 is on ! ea/ or left bank ( ! riv]1 & is rea*$ by cross+ ! pontoon bridge4 ,x 0 built by ,nur ,mahal1 ! fav\rite wife ( ,jahangir1 z a mausoleum = h] fa!r1 ,mirza ,ghz ,beg1 :o1 accord+ to "o acc\nt1 0 a ,p]sian f ,teh]an1 & by ano!r a native ( ,we/]n ,t>t>y4 ,a /ory is told ( ! ,mirza's e>ly life1 ( :i* x c only be said1 ,se non v]o b5 trovato4 ,he left 8 home1 accompani$ by 8 wife & *ildr51 to seek 8 =tune 9 ,india1 :]e he _h "s relatives at ,akb>'s c\rt4 ,8 sl5d] provision = ! j\rney 0 exhau/$ 9 cross+ ! ,great ,des]t1 & !y 7 all 9 dang] ( p]i%+ f hung]4 ,9 ?is extremity 8 wife gave bir? to a daught]4 ,! unhappy p>5ts1 di/ract$ by hung] & fatigue1 left ! infant "u a solit>y %rub4 ,) ! fa!r support+ 8 wife & *ildr5 on ! "o bullock :i* rema9$ to !m1 !y pu%$ on 9 ! hope ( f9d+ relief2 b z ! t9y l&m>k :]e ! infant lay disappe>$ 9 ! di/ance1 ! "m1 9 a p>oxysm ( grief1 ?rew h]self to ! gr\nd1 cry+1 ,my *ild6 my *ild6 ,! pite\s appeal =c$ ! fa!r to return to re/ore ! babe to h] "m1 & soon aft]w>ds a c>avan appe>$ 9 sight & rescu$ ! :ole p>ty4 ,! *ild born "u ^! romantic circum/ances became ! ,empress ,nur ,mahal1 :o built ?is mausoleum4 ,h] fa!r rea*$ ,lahore1 :]e ,akb> !n held 8 c\rt1 & ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8 fri5ds attract$ ! ,emp]or's att5tion4 ,8 tal5ts won = him spe$y promotion1 & "u ,jahangir he became fir/ ,"l ,high ,treasur]1 & aft]w>ds ,wazir1 or ,prime ,m9i/]4 ,jahangir1 9 8 memoirs1 c&idly discusses ! "* ( 8 fa!r-9-law4 ,he 0 a good s*ol>1 ) a pretty ta/e = poetry1 possess$ _m social qualities & a g5ial disposition4 ,8 acc\nts 7 always 9 p]fect ord]1 b he lik$ bribes1 & %[$ mu* boldness 9 dem&+ !m4 ,on 8 dea? 8 son1 ,asaf ,khan1 ! fa!r ( ,mumtaz ,mahal1 0 appo9t$ to succe$ him4 ,itmd-ad-daulah & 8 wife are buri$ 9 ! c5tral *amb]2 8 bro!r & si/] & o!r memb]s ( 8 family occupy ! f\r corn]s4 ,! pavilion on ! ro(1 enclos$ by beautiful m>ble trac]y 7,plate ,,ix471 conta9s only replicas ( ! real tombs b5ea?4 ,! mausoleum 0 comm5c$ 9 #afbb & complet$ 9 #afbh4 ,z a composition x may lack inspiration1 b x is exce$+ly elegant1 & s*ol>ly l ! ,"l ,high ,treasur] himself4 ,9 con/ruction x m>ks ! transition f ! /yle ( ,akb> to t ( ,%ah ,jahan2 f ! ,jahangiri ,mahal to ! ,dwan-i-khas1 ! ,mti ,masjid1 & ! ,taj4 ,! t[]s at ! f\r corn]s might be ! fir/ sugge/ion ( ! deta*$ m9>ets ( ! ,taj4 ,! ,h9du feel+ :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( mo/ ( ,akb>'s build+s is "h only %[n 9 ! ro( ( ! c5tral *amb] ov] ! tomb2 9 pure ,s>ac5ic ar*itecture a tomb is always cov]$ by a dome4 ,?is *ange 9 /yle greatly influ5c$ ! ar*itecture ( ! :ole ( ! nor? ( ,india1 ,h9du & ,ja9 z well z ,muhammadan4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t comp>atively few ( ! ma/]-build]s :o actually con/ruct$ ! mo/ fam\s examples ( ,mogul ar*itecture 7 ,muhammadans4 ,! rem>kable decl9e ( ! ,mogul /yle :i* set 9 "u ,aurangzb 0 l>gely due to 8 bigotry 9 refus+ to employ any b true believ]s4 ,! family ties ( ,itmd-ud-daulah & 8 daught]1 ! ,empress1 7 closely connect$ ) ,p]sia & ,c5tral ,asia2 & no d\bt ! fa%ion set by ,jahangir's c\rt l$ to ! ,s>ac5ic elem5t becom+ pr$om9ant 9 ! ,mogul /yle1 bo? 9 con/ruction & 9 decoration4 ,_m au?orities h connect$ ! m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ,itmd-ud-daulah's tomb & ,akb>'s build+s to ,italian influ5ce1 only on ! gr\nd t ,jahangir is kn[n to h be5 p>tial to ,europeans1 & all[$ !m free access to 8 palace4 ,!re is n1 h[ev]1 a trace ( ,italian art 9 any detail ( ! build+2 !re is n a =m or decorative idea :i* _h n be5 us$ 9 ,india or 9 ,c5tral ,asia = c5turies4 ,! use ( m>ble inlaid "w on s ext5sive a scale 0 a novelty1 b x 0 only an imitation1 or adaptation1 ( ! spl5did tile-mosaic & pa9t$ tile-"w :i* 7 ! commone/ k9ds ( decoration employ$ 9 ,p]sia3 ,wazir ,khan's mosque at ,lahore1 built 9 ,jahangir's "t1 is a f9e ,indian example ( ! latt]4 ,! art ( inlay+ /one _h be5 practis$ 9 ,india = _m ye>s be=e ?is build+2 b "h1 = ! fir/ "t1 d we f9d ! inlay]s mak+ attempts at direct imitation ( ,p]sian pott]y decoration4 ,all ! famili> motifs ( ,p]sian art1 ! tree ( life & o!r floral types1 ! cypress tree1 ! fl[]-vases1 fruits1 w9e-cups1 & rose-wat] vessels are "h reproduc$ exactly z !y are f\nd 9 ,p]sian mosaic tiles4 ,9 ,%ah ,jahan's palace & 9 ! ,taj !y w5t a /ep fur!r1 & imitat$ ! m naturali/ic treatm5t ( ,p]sian fresco pa9t+ & o!r pictorial art2 b !re is nev] ! slighte/ sugge/ion ( ,european design 9 ! decoration ( ^! build+s4 ,x is q possible t "s ,italians may h %[n ! native inlay]s specim5s ( ,flor5t9e pietra dura1 & sugge/$ to !m ?is naturali/ic treatm5t1 b if ,italians or o!r ,europeans _h be5 engag$ to in/ruct or sup]vise 9 ! decoration ( ^! build+s !y w\ld c]ta9ly h left "s traces ( _! h&iwork4 ,9 ! te*nical "p ( ! process ! ,indian workm5 _h no?+ to le>n1 & 9 ! design !y made no attempt to foll[ ,european =ms1 except 9 ! "o solit>y in/ance ( ! decoration ( ! ?rone-*amb] ( ! ,delhi ,palace1 :i* is mu* lat] 9 date ?an ,itmd-ud-daulah's tomb4 #ac ,! :ole s*eme ( ! ext]ior decoration is s f9ely c>ri$ out1 bo? 9 arrangem5t & col\r1 t its extreme elaboration produces no effect ( unquietness4 ,at a di/ance x only gives a sugge/ion ( a s(t bloom or iridesc5ce on ! surface ( ! m>ble4 ,! s(fits ( ! doorways are c>v$ ) extraord9>y delicacy4 ,inside ! build+ !re are rema9s ( fresco & o!r pa9t$ decoration4 ,beautifully plac$ on ! riv] bank1 !re is a f9e little mosque1 :i* at sunset makes a *>m+ picture4 ,! boldness & great] simplicity ( ! decoration contra/ well ) ! ri*ness ( t ( ! mausoleum4 ,! ,*n-ka-,rauza ,beyond ,itmd-ud-daulah's tomb1 on ! same side ( ! riv]1 is a beautiful ru91 once entirely cov]$ ) ! same ,p]sian mosaic tile-"w1 :i* sugge/$ ! m co/ly /yle ( decoration 9 inlaid m>ble4 ,x is call$ ,*n-ka-,rauza1 or ! ,*9a ,tomb1 & is suppos$ to be ! mausoleum ( ,afzal ,khan1 a ,p]sian poet1 :o ent]$ ! s]vice ( ,jahangir1 & aft]w>ds became ,prime ,m9i/] to ,%ah ,jahan4 ,he di$ 9 ,lahore 9 #afci4 ,! wea!r & ill-treatm5t ( v>i\s k9ds h remov$ a great deal ( ! exquisite enamel col\rs f ! tiles1 b en\gh rema9s to indicate h[ ri* & magnific5t ! effect mu/ h be5 orig9ally4 ,a "p ( ! s\? faade :i* has fall5 9 %[s h[ ! build]s employ$ e>!n pots to less5 ! weight ( ! concrete fill+1 a practice foll[$ 9 ! anci5t dome con/ruction ( ,egypt & ,rome4 ,! ,ram ,bagh ,among a numb] ( m or less ru9$ g>d5-h\ses on ?is bank ( ! riv]1 !re is "o1 a little beyond ! ,*n-ka-,rauza1 ( especial int]e/1 on acc\nt ( ! tradition :i* associates x ) ! ,emp]or ,bab>4 ,x is call$ ! ,ram ,bagh1 & is believ$ to h be5 "o ( ! elegant & regul>ly plann$ pleasure-gr\nds :i* ,bab> laid out & plant$ ) fruit trees & fl[]s1 z he has describ$ 9 8 memoirs4 ,no d\bt ?is 0 ! sc5e ( _m imp]ial picnics2 n ! drunk5 revels ( ,bab>'s ,kabul days--= j be=e ! great battle ) ! ,rajputs 9 #aebg he sma%$ all 8 gold & silv] dr9k+-cups & took a v[ ( total ab/95ce1 :i* he kept fai?fully--b ! m sane & temp]ate pleasures :i* music1 poetry1 & 8 int5se delight 9 ! beauties ( nature c\ld furni%4 ,"h is a *>m+ picture he has giv5 ( ano!r g>d5 he laid out 9 ! ,i/alif di/rict ( ,kabul3-- ,on ! outside ( ! g>d5 are l>ge & beautiful spread+ plane-trees1 "u ! %ade ( :i* !re are agreeable spots1 f9ely %elt]$4 ,a p]5nial /ream1 l>ge en\gh to turn a mill1 runs ?r\gh ! g>d51 & on its banks are plant$ plane & o!r trees4 ,=m]ly ?is /ream fl[$ 9 a w9d+ & crook$ c\rse1 b ,i ord]$ its c\rse to be alt]$ accord+ to a plan :i* add$ greatly to ! beauty ( ! place4 ,l[] d[n 444 on ! l[] skirts ( ! hills is a f\nta91 nam$ ,kwjeh-seh-yrn 7,kwjeh ?ree fri5ds71 ar\nd :i* are ?ree species ( trees2 above ! f\nta9 are _m beautiful plane trees1 :i* yield a pleasant %ade4 ,on ! two sides ( ! f\nta91 on small em95ces at ! bottom ( ! hills1 !re are a numb] ( oak trees4 ,except on ^! two spots1 :]e !re are groves ( oak1 !re is n an oak to be met ) on ! hills ( ! we/ ( ,kabul4 ,9 front ( ?is f\nta91 t[>ds ! pla91 !re are _m spots cov]$ ) ! fl[]+ arghwn tree1 &1 besides ^! arghwn plots1 !re are none else 9 ! :ole c\ntry4 ,x is said t ^! ?ree k9ds ( trees 7 be/[$ on x by ! p[] ( ^! ?ree holy m51 belov$ ( ,god2 & t is ! orig9 ( ! "n ,sej-,yrn4 ,i direct$ ?is f\nta9 to be built r\nd ) /one1 & =m$ a ci/]n ( lime & mort> t5 yez by t54 ,on ! f\r sides ( ! f\nta9 a f9e level plat=m = re/+ 0 con/ruct$ on a v neat plan4 ,at ! "t :5 ! arghwn fl[]s beg9 to bl[1 ,i d n "k ( any place 9 ! _w to be comp>$ ) x4 ,! yell[ arghwn is "h v abundant1 & ! yell[ arghwn blossom m+les ) ! r$4 ,! ,ram ,bagh 0 ! tempor>y re/+-place ( ! body ( ,bab> be=e x 0 tak5 to ,kabul = int]m5t 9 ano!r ( ! g>d5s he lov$ s mu*4 ,! old ,mogul /yle ( g>d5+ is a lo/ art1 & "o misses 9 ! ,ram ,bagh ! /ately r[s ( cypress1 int]sp]s$ ) fl[]+ trees1 ! =mal fl[]-b$s gl[+ ) col\r l a liv+ c>pet1 :i* 7 plant$ by ,bab>2 b ! t]races1 ! f\nta91 ! wat]-*annels1 & ! little /one wat]-%oots--cunn+ly c>v$ s t ! wat] breaks ov] !m ) a pleasant gurgl+ s\nd--:i* may h recall$ to him ! murmur+s ( 8 native m\nta9-/reams--! old well f :i* ! wat] ( ! ,jumna is lift$ into ! *annels1 c /ill be se51 z well z ! pavilions on ! riv]-bank1 n[ mod]niz$ ) mod]n bad ta/e4 ,9 lat] times ! ,ram ,bagh 0 ! g>d5-h\se ( ! ,empress ,nur ,mahal4 ,x 0 kept up by all succe$+ ,gov]nm5ts1 & x is said to h obta9$ its "n ( ,ram ,bagh f ! ,mahrattas 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,,! ,,zuh>a ,,bagh4--,betwe5 ! ,*n-ka-,rauza & ! ,ram ,bagh !re is ano!r great wall$ enclosure1 :i* conta9$ ! g>d5-h\se ( ,zuh>a1 "o ( ,bab>'s daught]s1 & is nam$ aft] h] ! ,zuh>a1 or ,zohra ,bagh4 ,?is =m]ly conta9$ ! l>ge/ g>d5-palace at ,agra1 & is said to h possess$ no less ?an sixty wells4 ,a great well1 j outside ! enclosure1 #bbj feet 9 circumf]5ce1 & ( enorm\s dep?1 0 fill$ up "s ye>s ago4 ,sik&ra ,sik&ra1 a village ab\t five miles f ,agra1 & ! burial-place ( ,akb>1 is rea*$ by two roads4 ,! old] "o foll[s1 to "s ext5t1 ! alignm5t ( ! great milit>y road to ,lahore & ,ka%mir1 plann$ by ,bab> & complet$ by 8 successors4 ,a few ( ! kos-m9>s1 pill>s :i* m>k$ (f ! kos--a di/ance ( ab\t two & a half miles--c /ill be se5 along ! road1 or 9 ! adjo9+ fields4 ,num]\s rema9s ( ar*ological int]e/ are pass$ on ! way ( ! old road4 ,fir/ ! ,delhi gate ( ! old city walls4 ,ab\t a mile fur!r on ! "r-h& side1 is a great wall$ enclosure1 nam$ aft] ,ladli ,begam1 ! si/] ( ,abul ,fazl1 ,akb>'s fam\s ,prime ,m9i/] & biograph]4 ,x =m]ly conta9$ h] tomb1 z well z t ( ,%eikh ,mub>ak1 h] fa!r1 & ( ,faizi1 h] elde/ bro!r4 ,_m ye>s ago ! :ole enclosure 0 sold by ,gov]nm5t4 ,! pur*as]s1 "s weal?y ,h9du m]*ants ( ,muttra1 promptly pull$ d[n ! mausoleum1 realiz$ ! mat]ials1 & built a pavilion on ! site4 ,9 front ( ! great gateway 0 a spl5did baoli1 or well-h\se1 ! l>ge/ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,agra4 ,?is 0 fill$ up ab\t five ye>s ago4 ,n f> f ,ladli ,begam's g>d5 is ! ,k&ahri ,bagh1 :]e ! fir/ wife ( ,%ah ,jahan1 a daught] ( ,mozaff> ,huse91 :o 0 ! great-gr&son ( ,%ah ,ismail ,safvi1 ,k+ ( ,p]sia1 is buri$4 ,ab\t a mile fur!r along ! road1 on ! left-h& side1 is a curi\s /atue ( a horse 9 r$ s&/one1 :i*1 tradition says1 0 put up by a nobleman ^: fav\rite horse 0 kill$ at ?is spot2 ! syce :o 0 kill$ at ! same "t has 8 tomb close by4 ,ne>ly opposite to ?is is a l>ge dri$-up tank1 call$ ! ,guru-ka-,tal1 :i*1 ) ! adjac5t ru9$ build+s1 are attribut$ to ,sik&> ,lodi1 "o ( ! ,afghan pr$ecessors ( ! ,mogul ,emp]ors1 :o has giv5 8 "n to ,sik&ra4 ,akb>'s ,tomb4 ,akb>'s tomb /&s 9 ! mid/ ( a va/ g>d51 enclos$ by f\r high battlem5t$ walls4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* wall is an impos+ gateway sev5ty feet high4 ,! pr9cipal "o1 on ! we/ side1 has an inscription 9 ,p]sian1 :i* /ates t ! mausoleum 0 complet$ by ! ,emp]or ,jahangir1 9 ! sev5? ye> ( 8 reign1 or #afac ,a4,d4 ,x is elaborately ornam5t$ ) bold b r disjo9t$ inlaid patt]ns1 :i* seem to %[ t ! design]s 7 unaccu/om$ to ?is me?od ( decoration4 ,nei!r are ! f\r m9>ets at ! corn]s ( ! ro(1 :i* are said to h be5 brok5 by ! ,jts1 contriv$ ) ! usual skill ( ! ,mogul ar*itects4 ,above ! gateway is ! ,nakkr ,khana1 an arcad$ *amb] ) a balcony1 :]e at dawn & "o wat* aft] sunrise ! drums & pipes s\nd$ 9 hon\r ( ! dead4 ,! mausoleum 0 comm5c$ by ,akb> himself4 ,x is diff]5t 9 plan f any o!r ,mogul monum5t1 &1 contr>y to ! usual ,muhammadan cu/om1 ! head ( ! tomb ( ,akb> is turn$ t[>ds ! ris+ sun1 & n t[>ds ,mecca4 ,! :ole /ructure gives ! impression ( a noble b incomplet$ idea2 bo? 9 its greatness & 9 its incomplet5ess1 x is typical ( ,akb> & 8 "w4 ,! orig9al design 0 some:at modifi$ by ,jahangir4 ,he has /at$ 9 8 memoirs t on 8 fir/ visit to ! tomb aft] 8 accession he 0 dissatisfi$ ) ! "w :i* _h be5 done1 & ord]$ c]ta9 p>ts ( x to be rebuilt4 ,f]gusson supposes t ! orig9al int5tion 0 to cov] ! tomb/one & rais$ plat=m ( ! upp]mo/ /ory ) a dom$ canopy1 & 9 ?is he is support$ by a /atem5t ( ,william ,f9*1 :o visit$ ! mausoleum :5 x 0 be+ built1 t x 0 to be in>*$ ov] ) ! mo/ curi\s :ite & speckl$ m>ble1 to be ceil$ all )9 ) pure %eet gold ri*ly inwr\ght4 ,su* a canopy is j :at is requir$ by /hetic consid]ations to complete ! curi\sly truncat$ appe>ance ( ! top /ory1 & !re is no?+ 9 ! /ructural design to make x impossible or improbable4 ,! approa* to ! int]ior ( ! mausoleum is ?r\gh ! c5tral ar*way ( ! l[] /ory1 :i* op5s into a ve/ibule ri*ly ornam5t$ ) rais$ /ucco "w1 & col\r$ 9 blue & gold1 some:at 9 ! /yle ( ! ,alhambra4 ,a "p ( ?is decoration has be5 lately re/or$4 ,an incl9$ passage1 l ! entrance to an ,egyptian pyramid1 leads d[n into a high vault$ *amb]1 dimly light$ f above1 :]e a simple s>cophagus ( :ite m>ble conta9s ! mortal rema9s ( ! great ,akb>4 ,:atev] decoration !re may h be5 on ! walls is n[ cov]$ ) :itewa%4 ,! ,emp]or's arm\r1 clo!s1 & books1 :i* 7 plac$ beside ! tomb1 are said to h be5 c>ri$ (f by ^? insatiable m>aud]s1 ! ,jts ( ,bh>atpur4 ,small] *amb]s surr\nd+ ! c5tral "o1 on ! level ( ! plat=m1 conta9 ! tombs ( two ( ,akb>'s daught]s & a son ( ! ,emp]or ,%ah ,alam4 ,^! also h suff]$ mu* f neglect & :itewa%1 ,! :ole ( ! faade ( ! l[] /ory 0 orig9ally fac$ ) r$ s&/one1 or p]haps ) f9e /ucco decorat$ 9 fresco4 ,! pres5t coat ( common pla/] is mod]n "w1 :i*1 except z a protection = ! brickwork1 w\ld h be5 bett] left undone4 ,! l[] /ory is #cbj feet squ>e4 ,above ?is are ?ree o!rs1 dim9i%+ 9 size up to ! highe/1 :i* is j half ^! dim5sions4 ,! ro( ( ! topmo/ is surr\nd$ by cloi/]s1 ! out] ar*es ( :i* are fill$ ) v f9e m>ble trac]y 7,plate ,x474 ,9 ! c5tre1 on a rais$ plat=m1 is a solid block ( pure :ite m>ble1 delicately c>v$ ) fl[]s & sacr$ texts1 repres5t+ ! real tomb 9 ! vault b5ea?4 ,at ! head is ! inscription1 ,allah-o-,akb> 7,god is ,great71 & at ! foot1 ,jalli ,jalalohu 7,magnific5t is ,8 ,glory74 ,^! s5t5ces 7 ! =mula ( ,akb>'s new religion1 :i* he call$ ,! ,div9e ,fai?4 ,on ! sides ! n9ety-n9e attributes ( ,god are c>v$ 9 ! ,arabic "*4 ,! c>v$ m>ble p$e/al at ! end ( ! tomb 0 a /& = a gold5 c5s]4 ,,! ,,kan* ,,mahal4--,outside ! enclosure ( ,akb>'s tomb1 a little to ! ea/ ( ! pr9cipal entrance1 is a r>e & rem>kably f9e example ( ,mogul dome/ic ar*itecture4 ,?is is a two-/ori$ build+1 kn[n z ! ,kan* ,mahal1 & suppos$ to h be5 built by ,jahangir z a c\ntry seat4 ,9 its extremely elaborate ornam5tation1 inlaid /one & enamell$ tiles h be5 mo/ effectively comb9$ ) ! c>v+4 ,! repairs lately c>ri$ out "u ,"l ,curzon's ord]s h be5 v c>efully done1 ?\gh x is easy to see ! inf]iority ( ! new "w :]e ! old c>v+ _h to be reproduc$4 ,our fatu\s policy ( adopt+ ,european /yles 9 all public build+s 9 ,india is b\nd to cause a det]ioration 9 ! native art h&icrafts1 = x closes ! pr9cipal s\rce f :i* !y h sprung4 ,unless ?is policy is rev]s$1 no?+ w prev5t ! ultimate ext9ction ( ,indian art4 ,,suraj-,,bhan-,,ka ,,bagh4--,?is is ano!r two-/ori$ build+ ( ab\t ! same p]iod1 b n q s f9e 9 /yle1 fac+ ! ,agra road1 at a little di/ance f ! ,kan* ,mahal4 ,,m>iam ,z,m,,ni',s ,,tomb4--,a %ort di/ance fur!r on1 9 ! direction ( ,muttra1 is ! build+ suppos$ to h be5 orig9ally ! g>d5 h\se ( ,sik&> ,lodi1 9 :i* ,m>iam ,zmni1 "o ( ,akb>'s wives1 is said to h be5 buri$4 ,x has be5 us$ = _m ye>s z a pr9t+ e/abli%m5t = a ,mission ,orphanage4 ,o!r ,build+s & ,tombs at or ne> ,agra ,! tomb ( ,f]oz ,khan1 opposite to ! ?ird mile/one on ! ,gwalior road1 is an int]e/+ build+ ( ,akb>'s "t1 ri*ly c>v$ & decorat$ ) tile-"w4 ,close by is ! tomb ( ! ,pahalw>i1 :]e a celebrat$ wre/l] ( ,%ah ,jahan's "t is buri$4 ,!re are a consid]able numb] ( build+s & num]\s ru9s 9 ,agra1 & r\nd ab\t1 :i* possess only hi/orical or ar*ological int]e/4 ,9 ! t[n are ! foll[+3-- ,! ,,kali ,,masjid1 or ,black ,mosque1 o!rwise call$ ! ,kalan ,masjid1 or ,gr& ,mosque1 is ( ! e>ly ,akb> /yle4 ,x 0 built by ! fa!r ( ,%ah ,jahan's fir/ wife1 ! ,k&ahri ,begum4 ,?is is ne> to ! ,gov]nm5t disp5s>y4 ,9 ! ,nai-ki-,mundi qu>t] is ! mosque ( ,%ah ,ala-ud-d9 ,majzub1 commonly kn[n z ,,alawal ,,bilawal1 a sa9t :o liv$ at ! "t ( ,%]e ,%ah4 ,he e/abli%$ a s*ool ( ,muhammadan law1 & f\nd$ a mona/]y besides ! mosque4 ,! accumulations r\nd ! mosque h rea*$ up to ! spr++ ( ! ar*es1 & tradition acc\nts = ?is by ! foll[+ /ory3 ,a camel-driv] 9 ,%]e ,%ah's s]vice /abl$ 8 bea/s 9 ! mosque1 9 spite ( ! prote/s ( ! sa9t ,!reupon ! build+ began to s9k into ! gr\nd1 & did n cease desc5d+ until ! camels & _! driv] 7 cru%$ to dea?4 ,! ,,hamman1 or ,ba?s ( ,ali ,v]di ,khan1 9 ,*ipitolla ,/reet1 built 9 ! "t ( ,jahangir4 ,an inscription ov] ! gateway gives ! date1 #afbj ,a4,d4 ,!y _c be comp>$ 9 int]e/ ) ! spl5did ,hakim's ,ba?s1 at ,fatehpur ,sikri4 ,! ,,roman ,,ca?olic ,,cemet]y1 9 ! qu>t] kn[n z ,padritollah1 ne> ! ,law ,c\rts1 is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ,*ri/ian cemet]ies 9 ,india4 ,! gr\nd 0 grant$ to ! mission by ! ,emp]or ,akb>4 ,!re are a numb] ( ,portuguese & ,arm5ian tombs dat+ f e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x also conta9s ! tomb ( ! notori\s ,walt] ,re9h>dt1 or ,samru1 z he 0 call$1 ! f\nd] ( ! pr9cipality ( ,sirdhana1 ^: hi/ory is giv5 at p4 #ch4 ,! ,dut* ,g5]al ,mess+1 :o held ,agra ,=t = ! ,mahrattas 9 #agid1 has a v florid mausoleum ( r$ s&/one1 m curi\s ?an beautiful2 ! design ( :i* is 9 imitation ( ! ,taj4 ,fatehpur ,sikri ,fatehpur ,sikri is ! fam\s des]t$ city1 ab\t tw5ty-?ree miles f ,agra1 built by ,akb>4 ,x 0 =m]ly m]ely a village1 call$ ,sikri1 celebrat$ z ! abode ( ,%eikh ,salm ,*i%ti1 a ,muhammadan pr1 or sa9t4 ,9 #aefd1 ,akb>1 return+ f a campaign1 halt$ ne> ! cave 9 :i* ! sa9t liv$4 ,! tw9 *ildr5 ( 8 ,rajput wife1 ,m>iam ,zmni1 _h rec5tly di$1 & he 0 anxi\s = an heir4 ,he consult$ ! holy man1 :o advis$ him to come & live at ,sikri4 ,! ,emp]or did s1 & n9e mon?s aft]w>ds ,m>iam1 :o 0 tak5 to ,*i%ti's cell = h] conf9em5t1 gave bir? to a son1 aft]w>ds ! ,emp]or ,jahangir4 ,he 0 call$ ,sultan ,salm 9 hon\r ( ! sa9t4 ,jahangir1 :o describes all ^! circum/ances 9 8 memoirs1 adds3 ,my rev]$ fa!r1 reg>d+ ! village ( ,sikri1 my bir?place1 z =tunate to himself1 made x 8 capital1 & 9 ! c\rse ( f\rte5 or fifte5 ye>s ! hills & des]ts1 :i* ab\nd$ 9 bea/s ( prey1 became conv]t$ into a magnific5t city1 compris+ num]\s g>d5s1 elegant edifices & pavilions1 & o!r places ( great attraction & beauty4 ,aft] ! conque/ ( ,guj>at1 ! village 0 nam$ ,fatehpur 7! t[n ( victory74 ,! glory ( ,fatehpur ,sikri 0 %ort-liv$4 ,akb> held 8 c\rt !re = sev5te5 ye>s1 & !n remov$ x to ,agra2 "s say on acc\nt ( ! badness ( ! wat] supply1 o!rs t ! sa9t1 di/urb$ 9 8 devotions by ! bu/le & gaieties ( ! great city1 decl>$ t ei!r he or ,akb> mu/ g4 ,!n1 repli$ ! ,emp]or1 let x be y\r s]vant1 ,i pray4 ,! entire city 0 giv5 up to ! bea/s ( ! surr\nd+ jungle4 ,f9*1 :o visit$ x 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! next reign1 describes x3 ,ru9 all2 ly+ l a wa/e des]t1 & v dang]\s to pass ?r\gh 9 ! night4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 an exagg]ation1 = ! pr9cipal build+s are /ill 9 a good /ate ( pres]vation1 probably ow+ to ! remot5ess ( ! place f any great highway or l>ge t[n4 ,! city1 :i* 0 "s six miles 9 circuit1 0 surr\nd$ on ?ree sides by high battlem5t$ walls1 :i* _h n9e gateways4 ,! f\r? side 0 =m$ by a great artificial lake1 n[ dry4 ,! pr9cipal build+s are on ! summit ( ! high ridge :i* runs ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! city4 ,,! ,,agra ,,gate4--,! visitor usually ent]s by ! ,agra ,gate1 conc]n+ :i* an amus+ /ory is told4 ,"o night ,akb>1 att5d$ by "s ( 8 m9i/]s1 0 inspect+ ! ramp>ts ne> ?is gate1 :5 he obs]v$ a highway robb]y be+ committ$ close by ! walls4 ,turn+ sev]ely to ^? responsible = ! peace ( ! city1 he dem&$ :y su* an outrage 0 p]mitt$ 9 ! v pres5ce ( ! ,emp]or4 ,x is always d>ke/ directly "u ! %ad[ ( ! lamp1 0 ! c\rtly reply4 ,,! ,,naubat ,,khana4--,inside ! gate ! road passes1 by ! "r1 a l>ge quadrangle surr\nd$ by a ru9$ cloi/]1 :i* 0 probably us$ = b>racks4 ,beyond ?is ! road 0 =m]ly l9$ on bo? sides by ! h\ses ( ! baz>4 ,x next passes ?r\gh ! inn] gateway1 call$ ! ,naubat ,khana1 or ,music ,h\se1 :]e1 z 9 all ,mogul =tresses1 ! c\rt musicians play$ to ann\nce ! ,emp]or's arrival or dep>ture1 & v>i\s /ate c]emonials4 ,,! ,,m9t4--,"s di/ance beyond ! ,naubat ,khana1 on ! "r1 is a l>ge build+ believ$ to h be5 ! ,imp]ial ,m9t4 ,r>e specim5s ( gold1 silv]1 & copp] co9s f ! ,fatehpur ,m9t are 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! brick domes ( ?is build+ are int]e/+1 z !y are probably ! e>lie/ examples 9 ,india ( ! use ( radiat+ c\rses in/ead ( horizontal lay]s 9 dome con/ruction4 ,opposite to ! ,m9t is a small] build+ kn[n z ! ,treasury4 ,,! ,,daft> ,,khana4--,pass+ ?r\gh ! great quadrangle ( ! ,dwan-i-m1 ! visitor arrives at ! ,daft> ,khana1 or ,record ,*amb]1 n[ adapt$ = a travell]s' re/-h\se4 ,?is 0 ,akb>'s (fice1 & is imm$iately opposite to 8 own sanctum1 ! ,kwbgh1 & ! pr9cipal build+s ( ! ,imp]ial ,palace4 ,a /aircase 9 ! s\?-ea/ room leads to ! ro(1 f :i* a f9e view ( ! city & surr\nd+ c\ntry c be obta9$4 ,! pr9cipal build+s c be easily id5tifi$ by help ( ! plan4 ,,! ,,palace4--,a door 9 ! side ( ! quadrangle1 opposite to ! ,daft> ,khana1 leads into ,akb>'s palace1 ! ,mahal-i-,khas4 ,! two-/ori$ build+ on ! left on ent]+ conta9s ,akb>'s private ap>tm5ts4 ,! fir/ room on ! gr\nd floor is panell$ into num]\s recesses = keep+ books1 docum5ts1 or valuables4 ,!re are "s rema9s ( pa9t$ decoration repres5t+ fl[]s1 su* z ! tulip1 poppy1 & almond fl[]1 execut$ ) mu* vig\r & te*nical skill4 ,beh9d ?is is a *amb] :i*1 accord+ to ,edmund ,smi?1 0 us$ by a ,h9du prie/ atta*$ to ,akb>'s c\rt4 ,x conta9s a /one plat=m rais$ on pill>s1 ^u :i* he is said to h p]=m$ 8 devotions4 ,x 0 m probably int5d$ = ,akb>'s own gaddi1 or ?rone4 ,a door 9 ! we/ wall leads into ! cloi/]s1 :i* =m]ly connect$ ,akb>'s ap>tm5ts ) ! ,daft> ,khana & ) ,jodh ,bai's palace4 ,,! ,,kw,,bg,h1 or sleep+ ap>tm5t1 is a small pavilion on ! ro(4 ,orig9ally ! walls 7 entirely cov]$ by fresco pa9t+s1 b only a few fragm5ts n[ rema94 ,un=tunately1 ^! h be5 protect$ by a coat ( v>ni%1 :i* r$uces !m all to a dull mono*rome4 ,x is to be regrett$ t a m sci5tific me?od ( pres]v+ !m 0 n adopt$4 ,!y are all 9 ! ,p]sian /yle1 &1 except = ! ,*9ese elem5t :i* is (t5 pres5t 9 ,p]sian art1 !re is no gr\nd = ,edmund ,smi?'s supposition t ,*9ese arti/s 7 employ$ "h4 ,on ! side w9d[ ov] ! ea/]n doorway is a pa9t+ ( a w+$ figure1 9 front ( a rock cave1 support+ a new-born babe 9 its arms4 ,9 all probability x ref]s to ! bir? ( ,jahangir 9 ! cell ( ! ,sa9t ,salm ,*i%ti1 :i* ,akb>1 no d\bt1 ?\ght miracul\s4 ,_m ar*ologi/s make ! great mi/ake ( attribut+ e w+$ figure 9 ^! decorations to "s ,biblical /ory4 ,heav5ly be+s ) w+s1 ! inhabitants ( ,p>adise1 spirits ( ! air1 or angels1 are v common 9 ,p]sian & ,indian pa9t+1 & are by no means a monopoly ( ,european arti/s4 ,x is kn[n t ,akb> took a great int]e/ 9 pa9t+4 ,abul ,fazl1 9 ! ,a9-i-,akb>i1 /ates t ,8 ,maje/y f ! e>lie/ y\? has %[n a great pr$ilection = ! art1 & gives x e enc\ragem5t1 z he looks ^u x z a means bo? ( /udy & amusem5t4 ,h5ce ! art fl\ri%es1 & _m pa9t]s h obta9$ great reputations4 ,! works ( all pa9t]s are weekly laid be=e 8 ,maje/y by ! ,d>oghas & ! cl]ks2 he conf]s rew>ds accord+ to ! excell5ce ( workman%ip1 or increases _! mon?ly sal>ies4 ,mu* progress 0 made 9 ! commodities requir$ by pa9t]s1 & ! correct prices ( su* articles 7 c>efully asc]ta9$4 ,akb> himself rem>k$1 ,bigot$ foll[]s ( ! law are ho/ile to ! art ( pa9t+1 b _! eyes n[ see ! tru?4 ,!re are _m t hate pa9t+1 b su* m5 ,i dislike4 ,x appe>s to me z if a pa9t] _h a peculi> means ( recogniz+ ,god2 = a pa9t]1 9 sket*+ any?+ t has life & 9 draw+ its limbs1 mu/ feel t he _c be/[ p]sonality ^u 8 "w1 & is ?us =c$ to ?9k ( ,god1 ! giv] ( life1 & w ?us increase 8 k4 ,! enlight5$ c\rt ( ,akb> 0 evid5tly a p>adise = arti/s4 ,opposite to ,akb>'s ap>tm5ts is a l>ge squ>e tank ) a plat=m 9 ! c5tre1 approa*$ by f\r n>r[ /one pa?s4 ,! tank 0 fill$ f ! wat]works ne> ! ,elephant ,gate1 & ! wat] 0 kept con/antly fre% by an ov]fl[ *annel connect+ ) ! tank at ! back ( ! ,dwan-i-,khs4 ,,! ,,turki% ,,sultana',s ,,h\se4--,9 ! nor?-ea/ angle ( ! ,mahal-i-,khas quadrangle is a small1 picturesque build+1 "o ( ! gems ( ,fatehpur1 call$ ! ,turki% ,sultana's ,h\se4 ,x conta9s only a s+le ap>tm5t1 surr\nd$ by a v]&ah1 b 9 ! c>v+ ( e surface )9 & )\t !re is a weal? ( inv5tion & decorative skill r>ely a*iev$ ev5 by ! ,mogul arti/s4 ,! dado panels are especially rem>kable = ! *>m+ conv5tionaliz$ r5d]+ ( trees1 fl[]s1 birds1 & animals4 ,!y h suff]$ mu* f ! h&s ( "s ( ,aurangzb's fanatical foll[]s1 & all ! repres5tations ( animate nature h be5 mutilat$4 ,! c>v+ 0 int5d$ z a gr\ndwork = pa9t+ & gild+ :i* 7 nev] add$1 = ! ,fatehpur ,palace 0 ab&on$ ev5 be=e x 0 f9i%$4 ,no?+ is kn[n ) c]ta9ty ( ! lady :o inhabit$ ?is delightful b[]1 b %e mu/ h be5 "o ( ,akb>'s fav\rites4 ,a cov]$ passage connect$ ! h\se ) ! ,kwbgh1 & also ) ano!r block ( build+s ( no special int]e/1 kn[n z ! ,girls' ,s*ool4 ,a /aircase f ! s\? v]&ah leads d[n to "s int]e/+ ba?s outside ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ! ,dwan-i-m quadrangle1 :i* 7 probably = ! use ( ! ,turki% ,sultana4 ,!y are wor? see+1 ?\gh n s f9e z ! s-call$ ,,hakim',s ,,ba?s4 ,! latt]1 :i* are situat$ j opposite to ^! ba?s1 on ! /eep slope ( ! ridge1 are ! f9e/ ( _! k9d exi/+ 9 ,india4 ,!y =m an ext5sive hydropa?ic e/abli%m5t1 decorat$ 9 ! mo/ excell5t ta/e ) poli%$ pla/] & sgraffito1 or cut-pla/] "w4 ,und\bt$ly !y 7 us$ by ,akb> himself1 & !y d]ive _! pres5t "n f _! close proximity to ! qu>t]s occupi$ by ! ,hakims1 or doctors4 ,,pa*isi ,,bo>d4--,9 ! nor!rn half ( ! great palace quadrangle is a pa*isi bo>d1 cut on ! pavem5t1 simil> to ! "o 9 ! ,samman ,burj 9 ! ,agra ,=t4 ,"h ,akb> & ! ladies ( ! ,c\rt w\ld amuse !mselves by play+ ! game ) slave girls z liv+ pieces4 ,! dice 7 ?r[n on ! small plat=m 9 ! c5tre ( ! bo>d4 ,,! ,d,,wan-,i-,,kh,s4--,fur!r t[>ds ! nor?1 imm$iately opposite to ! ,kwbgh1 is a squ>e deta*$ build+1 a f9e example ( ! dignifi$ /yle ( ! p]iod1 = x owes none ( its effects to impos+ dim5sions1 b only to ! skill ) :i* ! ar*itect has treat$ a difficult subject4 ,?is is ! ,dwan-i-,khs1 or ,hall ( ,private ,audi5ce4 ,on ! outside x w\ld appe> to be a two-/ori$ build+1 b on ent]+ x is se5 to conta9 only a s+le vault$ *amb]1 surr\nd$ halfway up by a gall]y4 ,a magnific5t c>v$ column1 ) a gigantic bracket capital 7,plate ,,xi471 /&+ alone 9 ! c5tre ( ! *amb]1 supports f\r bran*es or rail$ passages1 :i* meet ?is gall]y at ! f\r corn]s4 ,?is mo/ orig9al con/ruction c>ri$ ,akb>'s ?rone1 :i* 0 plac$ imm$iately ov] ! great column4 ,! m9i/]s att5d$ at ! f\r corn]s ( ! gall]y2 ! great nobles & o!rs admitt$ to ! audi5ce ?rong$ ! floor b5ea?4 ,! gall]y is approa*$ by two /aircases1 9 ! ?ickness ( ! walls1 :i* also lead up to ! ro(4 #ad ,,! ,,ankh-,,mi*auli4--,close by ! ,dwan-i-,khs1 on ! we/ side1 is a build+ :i* ! native guides1 always ready to amuse ! innoc5t t\ri/1 describe z ! ,ankh-,mi*auli1 or ,bl9d-man's ,buff ,h\se4 ,!re is a leg5d t ,akb> "h play$ hide-&-seek ) ! ladies ( ! zanana4 ,! same /ory is told ab\t a set ( ap>tm5ts 9 ! ,jahangiri ,mahal 9 ! ,agra ,=t1 b ! only gr\nd = x seems to be t ! arrangem5t ( ! rooms might l5d itself to su* div]sions4 ,x mo/ probably conta9$ /rong-rooms = ! safe cu/ody ( valuables1 ei!r /ate ar*ives or jewels4 ,,! ,,yogi',s ,,seat4--,at ! corn] ( ! ,ankh-,mi*auli is a squ>e plat=m cov]$ by a dom$ canopy4 ,! great c>v$ brackets :i* support ! ar*itraves are v *>act]i/ic ( ,ja9a con/ruction4 ,?is 0 ! seat ( "o ( ! ,yogis1 or ,h9du fakirs1 :o enjoy$ ! ,emp]or's fav\r4 ,akb> devot$ mu* att5tion to ! occult p[]s claim$ by ^! m54 ,he ev5 practis$ al*emy & %[$ 9 public "s ( ! gold made by him4 ,,! ,,hospital4--,adjo9+ ! ,ankh-,mi*auli are ! rema9s ( a long1 l[ build+1 :i* 0 ! hospital2 a few ( ! w>ds /ill rema94 ,possibly ?is 0 arrang$ on ! model ( ! hospital :i* ,akb> all[$ ! ,jesuit ,fa!rs to build 9 ! city4 ,he also p]mitt$ !m to con/ruct a small *apel4 ,! records ( ! mission>ies tell u t ,akb> once came !re alone1 remov$ 8 turban & (f]$ pray]s1 fir/ kneel+ 9 ! ,*ri/ian mann]1 !n pro/rat+ himself accord+ to ! ,muhammadan cu/om1 &1 f9ally1 aft] ! ritual ( ! ,h9dus4 ,"o ( ! ,*ri/ian congregation hav+ di$ ab\t ?is "t1 he grant$ p]mission = ! fun]al procession to pass ?r\gh ! /reets ( ,fatehpur ) all ! c]emonies ( ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,_m ( ! inhabitants1 bo? ,h9dus & ,muhammadans1 att5d$ ! fun]al4 ,akb> 0 nev] p]suad$ to become a conv]t to ,*ri/ianity1 nor does !re appe> to be any gr\nd = ! belief t "o ( 8 wives 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,,! ,d,,wan-,i-,m4--,! we/ side ( ! ,dwan-i-m 7,hall ( ,public ,audi5ce7 & its cloi/]s co9cide = ! :ole l5g? ) ! ea/ ( ! palace quadrangle4 ,! description already giv5 ( ! ,dwan-i-m at ,agra w expla9 ! functions = :i* ?is build+ 0 int5d$4 ,! ?rone1 or judgm5t seat1 ( ,akb> 0 plac$ betwe5 two pi]c$ /one scre5s 9 ! v]&ah 9 front ( ! hall4 ,,! ,,pan* ,,mahal4--,?is curi\s five-/ori$ pavilion is ne>ly opposite to ! ,dwan-i-m4 ,x is approa*$ by a /aircase f ! ,mahal-i-khas4 ,ea* /ory 0 orig9ally enclos$ by pi]c$ /one scre5s2 ?is1 & ! fact t ! :ole build+ ov]look$ ! palace zanana1 make x tol]ably c]ta9 t x c\ld only h be5 us$ z a prom5ade by ,akb> & ! ladies ( ! c\rt4 ,! gr\nd-floor1 :i* 0 divid$ into cubicles by scre5s betwe5 ! columns1 may2 z ,ke5e sugge/s1 h be5 int5d$ = ! royal *ildr5 & _! att5dants4 ,! build+ is *iefly rem>kable = ! inv5tion & ta/e %[n 9 ! v>i$ designs ( ! columns1 9 :i* ! ?ree pr9cipal /yles ( ,nor!rn ,india1 ! ,h9du1 ,ja91 & ,s>ac5ic1 are indiscrim9ately comb9$4 ,,miriam',s ,,ko?i4--,ano!r doorway 9 ! we/ side ( ! palace quadrangle leads to ,miriam's ,h\se1 a v elegant two-/ori$ build+ %[+ m>k$ ,h9du feel+ 9 ! design4 ,! ,rma inc>nation ( ,vi%nu appe>s on "o ( ! c>v$ brackets ( ! v]&ah4 ,x seems to h d]iv$ its "n f ,akb>'s ,h9du wife1 ,m>iam ,zmni1 ! "m ( ,jahangir4 ,h] "n lit]ally means ,m>y ( ! age1 a common designation us$ by ,muhammadan wom5 9 hon\r ( ! ,"m ( ,jesus4 ,?is has l$ to ! fable t ! h\se 0 occupi$ by a ,*ri/ian wife ( ,akb>4 ,! :ole build+ 0 orig9ally cov]$ ) fresco pa9t+s & gild+1 & 0 h5ce call$ ! ,sonahra ,makn1 or ,gold5 ,h\se4 ,! frescoes are suppos$ to illu/rate ,fird\si's great epic1 ! ,%ahnama1 or hi/ory ( ! ,k+s ( ,p]sia4 ,z 9 ! ,kwbgh1 ! fragm5ts :i* rema9 h be5 cov]$ ) v>ni% z a pres]vative1 :i* has _h ! effect ( de/roy+ all ! *>m ( col\r !y once possess$2 & w ev5tually1 :5 ! v>ni% turns br[n ) age1 oblit]ate !m altoge!r4 ,! pa9t+s are all 9 ! /yle ( ! ,p]sian arti/s :o 7 employ$ by ,akb> to illu/rate 8 books & to pa9t ! portraits ( 8 ,c\rt4 ,ov] ! doorway 9 ! nor?-we/ angle ( ! build+ is a pa9t+ :i* ! guides1 p]haps misl$ by ! sugge/ion ( "s un9=m$ travell]1 po9t out z ! ,annunciation4 ,!re w\ld be no?+ prim facie improbable t ,akb> %\ld h caus$ "s ev5ts ( ,biblical hi/ory to be pa9t$ on ! walls ( 8 palaces2 b on ! o!r h&1 !re is no?+ :atev] to connect ?is fresco ) ! ,annunciation4 ,! w+$ figures "h repres5t$ are ( ! type commonly f\nd 9 pa9t+s ( /ories f ,p]sian my?ology4 ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all ! pa9t+s is a portrait 9 a panel 9 "o ( ! rooms4 ,"o w\ld l to "k :e!r ?is 0 ! lady ( ! h\se2 b !re seems to be no tradition connect$ ) x4 ,judg+ f ! /yle ( ! frescoes1 x w\ld seem probable t ?is 0 n ! resid5ce ( ,m>iam ,zmni1 b ( "o ( ,akb>'s fir/ two wives1 ^: connections 7 mo/ly ) ,p]sia4 ,jodh ,bai's ,palace4 ,?\gh ,miriam's ,h\se is g5]ally reg>d$ z ! abode ( ,m>iam ,zmni1 !re is a great deal to support ! view t ! spaci\s palace kn[n z ,jodh ,bai's ,mahal1 or ,jahangiri ,mahal1 0 really h] resid5ce4 ,x is und\bt$ly "o ( ! olde/ build+s 9 ,fatehpur4 ,we "k t ,akb> w5t !re on ,m>iam's acc\nt2 &1 aft] ,jahangir's bir?1 ,akb>'s fir/ c>e w\ld be to build a palace = ! "m & h] *ild1 8 long-wi%$-= heir4 ,m>iam 0 a ,h9du1 & ?is palace 9 all its con/ruction & ne>ly all its ornam5tation belongs to ! ,h9du & ,ja9a /yles ( ,m>iam's native c\ntry1 ,rajputana4 ,x ev5 conta9s a ,h9du temple4 #ae ,x is also ! mo/ important ( all ! palaces1 & ,m>iam1 z "m ( ! heir-app>5t1 w\ld take prec$5ce ( all ! o!r wives4 ,on ! left ( ! entrance is a small gu>d-h\se4 ,a simple b f9ely proportion$ gateway leads ?r\gh a ve/ibule into ! inn] quadrangle4 ,! /yle ( ! :ole palace is mu* less ornate ?an ! o!r zanana build+s1 b x is always dignifi$ & 9 excell5t ta/e4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! sev]ity ( ! ar*itectural design 0 reliev$ by bright col\r+ & ri* purdahs1 :i* 7 us$ to secure privacy = ! ladies ( ! zanana & to dim9i% ! gl>e ( ! sunlight4 ,ar*ologically its con/ruction & ornam5tation are v int]e/+4 ,_m ( ! details are ( ,ja9 orig91 & ( ! same type z ! mix$ ,ja9 & ,s>ac5ic /yle1 :i* 0 be+ develop$ ab\t ! same p]iod 9 ,guj>at4 ,! arrangem5ts ( ! palace are %[n 9 ! annex$ plan4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features is ! ,hawa ,mahal1 a pavilion project+ f ! nor? side1 enclos$ by pi]c$ /one scre5s4 ,"h ! ladies c\ld enjoy ! cool breezes & ! view ( ! lake ) ! di/ant hills beyond1 )\t be+ expos$ to ! vulg> gaze4 ,! palace 0 =m]ly connect$ ) ,akb>'s private ap>tm5ts by a cov]$ way1 support$ on pill>s1 ne> ! entrance4 ,?is 0 remov$ "s ye>s ago4 ,ano!r private passage l$ f ! ,hawa ,mahal to ! zanana g>d5 opposite1 &1 probably1 f !nce "r d[n to ! t[] kn[n z ! ,hiran ,m9r4 ,rajah ,birbal's ,h\se1 or ,birbal's ,daught]'s ,h\se4 ,rajah ,birbal 0 a ,brahman m9/rel1 :o came to ,akb>'s c\rt 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 reign1 & by 8 wit & abilities ga9$ ! ,emp]or's fav\r4 ,he 0 fir/ creat$ ,h9du ,poet ,laureate2 f t dignity he 0 rais$ to ! rank ( ,rajah1 & became "o ( ,akb>'s mo/ intimate fri5ds & advis]s4 ,birbal 0 "o ( ^? :o subscrib$ to ,akb>'s new religion1 ,! ,div9e ,fai?4 ,:5 he p]i%$ 9 an un=tunate exp$ition aga9/ "s unruly ,afghan tribes1 ,akb>'s grief 0 = a long "t inconsolable4 ,! h\se :i* is nam$ aft] him 0 orig9ally enclos$ )9 ! prec9cts ( ! imp]ial zanana1 & a cov]$ way connect$ x ) ,jodh ,bai's palace4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ ri*ly decorat$ ( all ! adjac5t build+s1 & next to ,jodh ,bai's palace1 ! l>ge/ ( ! imp]ial resid5ces4 ,z 9 s _m o!r in/ances1 ! vague local tradition :i* assigns ?is palace to ,rajah ,birbal seems to be at fault4 ,abul ,fazl1 t mo/ c>eful & precise biograph]1 records t ,akb> ord]$ a palace to be built = ! ,rajah1 & t :5 x 0 f9i%$ 9 ! tw5ty-sev5? ye> ( 8 reign 7#aehb7 ! ,emp]or hon\r$ x ) 8 pres5ce4 ,an inscription discov]$ by ,edmund ,smi? ^u ! capital ( a pila/] 9 ! we/ faade ( ! build+1 /ates t x 0 erect$ 9 ,samvat #afbi 7,a4,d4 #aegb71 t5 ye>s be=e ?is date1 & ?ree ye>s aft] ! comm5cem5t ( ! city4 ,?\gh ! ,rajah 0 "o ( ,akb>'s mo/ tru/$ fri5ds1 8 palace w\ld h>dly be plac$ )9 ! enclosure ( ! ,emp]or's own zanana & connect$ ) x2 nor is x likely t ,akb> w\ld provide ,birbal ) a resid5ce s incomp>ably m magnific5t ?an ^? he gave to 8 o!r two intimate fri5ds1 ,abul ,fazl & ,faizi1 by ! side ( ! great mosque4 ,all ! probabilities are t ?is 0 "o ( ! imp]ial palaces occupi$ by ,akb>'s wives1 :i* 7 ! fir/ build+s erect$ at ,fatehpur4 ,f]gusson's assumption t ,birbal's daught] 0 "o ( ,akb>'s wives w\ld expla9 ev]y?+2 b ! fact t ,abul ,fazl makes no m5tion ( su* a daught]1 is v good evid5ce t ,akb> 0 n connect$ ) ,birbal by m>riage4 ,! h\se is a two-/ori$ build+1 spl5didly ornam5t$ ) c>v+1 bo? inside & out4 ,f ! con/ruction1 x w\ld appe> t ,h9dus 7 ! ar*itects2 b ! decoration1 f :i* x is easy to discov] ! ta/e ( ! occupants1 is ne>ly all ,arabian or ,p]sian 9 /yle1 & conveys no sugge/ion t ! palace 0 built = a ,h9du rajah or 8 daught]4 ,?\gh on a mu* small] scale1 x is ( ! same type z ,akb>'s spl5did palace 9 ! ,agra ,=t1 & 0 evid5tly int5d$ = "o ( ! highe/ rank 9 ! imp]ial zanana4 #af ,! ,ha?i ,pol & ,adjo9+ ,build+s4 ,close "u ,birbal's h\se is ! ma9 road lead+ d[n to ! great lake--n[ dra9$1 ! embankm5t ( :i* =m$ ! nor?-we/ b\nd>y ( ! city4 ,x passes ?r\gh ! gateway call$ ! ,ha?i ,pol1 or ,elephant ,gate1 f ! two great /one elephants1 mutilat$ by ,aurangzb1 /&+ on ei!r side ( ! out] ar*way4 ,on ! left ( ! gateway are two build+s1 ! s-call$ ,pigeon's ,h\se1 probably int5d$ = a magaz9e2 & ! ,sang9 ,burj1 a great ba/ion suppos$ to be "p ( ! =tifications begun by ,akb> & left unf9i%$1 ow+ to ! objections ( ,%aikh ,salm ,*i%ti4 ,a little beyond ?is1 on ! "r1 are ! rema9s ( ! wat]works :i* suppli$ ! :ole city4 ,opposite to ^!1 is ! great travell]'s re/-h\se1 or ,k>wn-s]ai1 9 a v ru9$ /ate4 ,!1 fur!/ ( ?is block ( build+s is a curi\s t[] call$ ! ,hiran ,m9r1 or ,de] ,t[]1 #gb feet 9 height1 ornam5t$ ) /one imitations ( elephant tusks4 ,accord+ to tradition1 x 0 built by ,akb> 9 memory ( a fav\rite elephant1 & us$ by him z a %oot+ t[]2 ! pla9 on ! m>g9 ( ! lake be+ ! haunt ( antelope & o!r game4 ,! spl5did /ret* ( wat]1 six miles long & two 9 bread?1 induc$ _m ( ! pr9ces & nobles to build pavilions & g>d5 h\ses on ?is side ( ! city4 ,?is 0 ! place = great t\rnam5ts & fe/ivities1 & 9 ! palmy days ( ,fatehpur all ! *ivalry ( ! ,mogul ,c\rt mu/ h made a brave %[ "h4 ,! ,hiran ,m9r 0 connect$ ) ! zanana by a cov]$ way1 s t ! ladies might assi/ at ^! spectacles & enjoy ! cool breezes f ! lake4 ,! ,jmi ,masjid1 or ,ca!dral ,mosque4 ,! great mosque ( ,fatehpur is wor?y ( its f\nd]'s l(ty ideals & nobility ( s\l4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t ( all ,akb>'s build+s2 ! hi/oric associations connect$ ) x comb9e ) its ar*itectural spl5d\r to make x "o ( ! mo/ impressive ( its k9d 9 ! _w4 ,x is said to be copi$ f "o at ,mecca2 b ?is _c be altoge!r true1 because1 ?\gh ! plan & g5]al design foll[ ,muhammadan prec$5t1 _m ( ! details %[ ,akb>'s ,h9du proclivities4 ,)9 ! great mosque1 ,akb> frequ5tly held religi\s discussions ) ! le>n$ doctors ( ,islam2 & "h1 also1 aft] ! *ief ,mullahs _h sign$ ! fam\s docum5t :i* decl>$ ,akb> to be ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 ! ,emp]or m\nt$ ! pulpit1 & /ood be=e ! congregation z ! exp\nd] ( ! ,div9e ,fai?4 ,he comm5c$ to read a ,khutbah1 or litany1 :i* ,faizi1 ,abul ,fazl's bro!r1 _h compos$ = ! occasion-- ,! ,"l1 :o gave to u dom9ion1 ,wisdom1 & he>t & /r5g?1 ,:o guid$ u 9 tru? & "r1 ,& cleans$ our m9d f all b "r1 ,none c describe ,8 p[] or /ate1 ,allah ,akb>--,god is ,great4 ,b be=e he c\ld f9i% ?ree l9es ( x1 ! s5se ( ! trem5d\s responsibility he _h und]tak5 ov]p[]$ him4 ,he desc5d$ ! pulpit trembl+ ) emotion1 & left ! ,imam ( ! mosque to cont9ue ! s]vice4 ,!re are two entrances1 approa*$ by broad flights ( /eps4 ,! "o on ! ea/ side is ! ,emp]or's ,gate1 by :i* ,akb> ent]$ ! mosque f ! palace1 & ! o!r1 ! maje/ic ,bal& ,d>waza1 or ,high ,gate1 :i* t[]s above ev]y?+ on ! s\? side1 & ev5 dw>fs ! mosque itself ) its giant proportions4 ,! latt] gate1 h[ev]1 0 n a "p ( ! orig9al design1 b 0 add$ _m ye>s aft] ! completion ( ! mosque1 to celebrate ,akb>'s victori\s campaign 9 ! ,deccan4 ,! mosque itself 0 built 9 hon\r ( ! ,sa9t ( ,fatehpur1 ,%eikh ,salm ,*i%ti1 ^: tomb1 enclos$ 9 a %r9e ( :ite m>ble1 c>v$ ) ! delicacy ( ivory-"w1 glitt]s l silv] on ! "r ( ! quadrangle4 ,b>r5 wom51 bo? ,h9du & ,muhammadan1 tie bits ( /r+ or %r$s ( clo? to ! m>ble trellis-"w z tok5s t if bless$ ) a son !y w pres5t an (f]+ to ! %r9e4 ,close by is a pla9]1 b mu* l>g] mausoleum1 = 8 gr&son1 ,nawab ,islam ,khan1 :o 0 made ,gov]nor ( ,b5gal by ,jahangir4 ,?is also conta9s ! rema9s ( _m o!r ( ! ,%eikh's male desc5dants4 ,a sep>ate vault1 call$ ! ,zanana ,rauza1 = ! wom5 ( 8 family is =m$ by enclos+ a portion ( ! adjo9+ cloi/]s4 ,! mosque prop] conta9s ?ree *apels1 cr[n$ by domes4 ,! pr9cipal "o1 9 ! c5tre1 is scre5$ by ! faade ( ! entrance1 ! doorway be+ recess$1 9 ! usual /yle ( ,s>ac5ic build+s1 9 a great por* or semi-dome4 ,an inscription ov] ! ma9 ar*way gives ! date ( ! completion ( ! mosque z ,a4,d4 #aega4 ,! *apels are connect$ ) ea* o!r by noble colonnades ( a decid$ly ,h9du or ,ja9 "*4 ,! ,s>ac5ic ar*es comb9e mo/ happily ) ! ,h9du con/ruction1 & ! view d[n ! long-drawn aisles is s+ul>ly impressive4 ,mu* ( ! *>m ( ! int]ior is due to ! quiet res]ve & dignity ( ! decoration1 :i* is ne>ly all 9 ! /yle ( ,arabian mosques1 & may acc\nt = ! /atem5t on ! c5tral ar*1 t ?is mosque is a duplicate ( ! ,holy ,place 7at ,mecca74 ,at ea* end ( ! mosque !re is a set ( five rooms = ! mullahs :o conduct$ ! s]vice2 above !m are gall]ies = ! ladies ( ! zanana4 ,spaci\s cloi/]s surr\nd ?ree sides ( ! quadrangle2 ^! are divid$ into num]\s cells = ! maulvis & _! pupils4 ,! triumphal gateway1 call$ ! ,,bal& ,,d>waza 7,plate ,,xiii471 is really a build+ 9 itself4 ,x mu/ be se5 f ! outside ( ! quadrangle1 =1 magnific5t z x is !re1 x c]ta9ly does n h>monize ) ! mosque view$ f ! quadrangle4 ,?is mighty portal1 #agf feet 9 height f ! roadway1 is a l&m>k = miles ar\nd4 ,f ! top ( x ! ,taj1 tw5ty-five miles away1 & ! di/ant ,=t ( ,bh>atpur are visible4 ,!re are ?ree doors recess$ 9 ! imm5se alcove on ! front ( ! gate4 ,"o is ! horse%oe door1 s call$ f ! num]\s votive (f]+s ( own]s ( sick horses1 donkeys1 & bullocks1 :i* 7 nail$ on 9 ! hope ( obta9+ ! fav\r ( ! sa9t4 ,! doorway on ! "r ( ?is has ! foll[+ inscription c>v$ ov] x 9 ,arabic3-- ,8 ,maje/y1 ,k+ ( k+s1 ,heav5 ( ! ,c\rt1 ,%ad[ ( ,god1 ,jall-ud-d9 ,muhammad ,akb>1 ,emp]or4 ,he conqu]$ ! k+dom ( ! ,s\? & ,d&es1 :i* 0 =m]ly call$ ,kh&es1 9 ! #df? ,div9e ye> i4e4 ( 8 reign correspond+ to ! ,hijira ye>1 #ajaj ,a4,d4 #afjb4 ,hav+ rea*$ ,fatehpur1 he proce$$ to ,agra4 ,said ,jesus1 on :om be peace6 ,! _w is a bridge1 pass ov] x1 b build no h\se !re4 ,he :o hope? = an h\r1 may hope = et]nity2 ! _w is b an h\r1 sp5d x 9 devotion2 ! re/ is wor? no?+1 ,ov] ! left doorway is ! foll[+3-- ,he t /&e? up 9 pray]1 & 8 he>t is n 9 x1 does n draw nigh to ,god1 b rema9e? f> f ,him4 ,?y be/ possession is :at ?\ give/ 9 ! "n ( ,god2 ?y be/ traffic is sell+ ?is _w = ! next4 ,akb> himself di$ f\r ye>s aft] ?is great s]mon 9 /one 0 writt54 ,! ,/one-,cutt]s' ,mosque4 ,at ! back ( ! great mosque is a gravey>d conta9+ ! tomb ( an infant son ( ,%eikh ,salm4 ,! leg5d conc]n+ him is1 t at ! age ( six mon?s he address$ 8 fa!r1 tell+ him t all ( ,akb>'s *ildr5 mu/ die 9 infancy1 unless "s *ild di$ = !m4 ,he !re=e _h resolv$ to sacrifice himself = ! ,emp]or's sake1 & imm$iately aft] ?is miracul\s spee* he di$4 ,jahangir 0 born n9e mon?s aft]w>ds4 ,sceptics h sugge/$ t he 0 really a son ( ! ,%eikh1 sub/itut$ = a /ill-born *ild ( ,m>iam ,zmni4 ,"s di/ance beyond ?is tomb !re is a small mosque1 built 9 hon\r ( ! sa9t by ! qu>rym5 ( ,fatehpur1 be=e he _h attract$ ! notice ( ! great ,emp]or4 ,x is call$ ! ,/one-,cutt]s' ,mosque1 & is suppos$ to h be5 erect$ on ! site ( ! cave :]e he liv$ ! life ( a h]mit ,x is an unpret5d+ little build+2 ! brackets :i* support ! cornice are ! only noticeable ar*itectural features4 ,!y are direct imitations ( wood5 con/ruction1 & are copi$1 ) great] elaboration ( c>v+1 9 ! m>ble %r9e inside ! ,jmi ,masjid4 ,! cell :]e ! sa9t is said to h liv$ is on ! "r-h& corn] ( ! mosque4 ,! bir?place ( ,jahangir is po9t$ out 9 a dilapidat$ palace n f> f ?is mosque4 ,x is occupi$ by a l9eal desc5dant ( ,salm ,*i%ti1 & is only r>ely %[n to visitors4 ,! ,h\ses ( ,abul ,fazl & ,faizi4 ,! h\ses :]e ^! two fam\s bro!rs1 ! fri5ds ( ,akb>1 liv$1 are close "u ! nor? wall ( ! great mosque4 ,_! fa!r1 ,%eikh ,mub>ak1 0 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ m5 ( ! age1 & ! sons 7 z di/+ui%$ z ! fa!r4 ,faizi 0 ! ,p]sian ,poet ,laureate1 & tutor to ! ,royal ,pr9ces4 ,he 0 also employ$ on _m diplomatic missions4 ,abul ,fazl 0 ! au?or ( ! celebrat$ ,akb>nma1 a hi/ory ( ! ,mogul ,emp]ors d[n to ! =ty-sev5? ye> ( ,akb>'s reign4 ,he 0 = a long "t ,akb>'s ,prime ,m9i/]2 he took a prom95t "p 9 ! religi\s discussions inaugurat$ by ! ,emp]or1 & (t5 discomfit$ ! or?odox foll[]s ( ,islam ) 8 argum5ts4 ,%eikh ,mub>ak drew up ! fam\s docum5t decl>+ ,akb> to be ! ,head ( ! ,*ur*1 & bo? 8 sons subscrib$ to x4 ,abul ,fazl decl>es t ! docum5t 0 productive ( excell5t results3 7#a7 ,! ,c\rt became ! resort ( ! le>n$ m5 & sages ( all cre$s & nationalities2 7#b7 ,peace 0 giv5 to all1 & p]fect tol]ance prevail$2 7#c7 ! dis9t]e/$ motives ( ! ,emp]or1 ^: lab\rs 7 direct$ to a se>* aft] tru?1 7 r5d]$ cle>1 & ! pret5d]s to le>n+ & s*ol>%ip 7 put to %ame4 ,not)/&+ 8 high "* & g5]\s disposition1 ,abul ,fazl _h _m enemies at ,c\rt4 ,he 0 at la/ assass9at$ at ! in/igation ( ,jahangir1 :o believ$ him to be responsible = a misund]/&+ betwe5 himself & 8 fa!r4 ,!re is no?+ ar*itecturally int]e/+ ab\t ! two h\ses1 :i* h be5 = "s "t us$ z a ,zillah s*ool4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bh>atpur & ,o!r ,places ,9 ! ,vic9ity ( ,agra4 ,!re are "s o!r places ( consid]able int]e/ easily accessible f ,agra1 b x w\ld be beyond ! scope ( ?is book to describe !m 9 detail4 ,,bh>atpur4--,?is place1 :i* has be5 (t5 allud$ to1 is ! capital ( a native /ate ( t "n1 f\nd$ by ! ,jts "u ,suraj ,mal ab\t #agej4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,jt race is obscure1 b probably !y are ( ,scy?ian desc5t4 ,"s au?orities h put =w>d a !ory t ! gypsies ( ,europe & ! ,jts are ( ! same race4 ,!y =m a l>ge proportion ( ! population ( ,nor?-,we/]n ,india4 ,_! religion v>ies ) ! locality1 b ! ,jts :o occupi$ ,agra "u ,suraj ,mal 7 ,h9dus4 ,9 #ahji1 ! =t at ,bh>atpur resi/$ = six weeks a siege by ,g5]al1 aft]w>ds ,"l ,lake1 :o )drew1 aft] f\r desp]ate assaults4 ,! ,palace ( ,suraj ,mal is at ,dig1 tw5ty-"o miles by road f ,bh>atpur4 ,x 0 comm5c$ ab\t #agbe1 & is ! f9e/ & mo/ orig9al ( ! ,indian palaces ( t p]iod4 ,! ,jt *ief c>ri$ (f to x a great deal ( ! loot f ! ,agra ,=t4 ,,gov>dhan4--,! tombs ( ,suraj ,mal & 8 two ,ranis are at ,gov>dhan1 a v picturesque place ab\t eight miles f ,dig4 ,!re are also a numb] ( v int]e/+ tombs & build+s ( lat] date4 ,f]gusson #ag says ( "o ( ^!1 :i* 0 9 c\rse ( con/ruction :5 he 0 !re 9 #ahci1 t he acquir$ f its native ar*itect m k ( ! secrets ( art z practis$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages ?an he _h le>nt f all ! books he _h read4 ,! same liv+ ar*itectural art is practis$ all ov] ,rajputana at ! pres5t day4 ,! pref]5ce we %[ = ! incomp>ably inf]ior art ( ! mongrel eclectic /yles we h import$ into ,india1 is only a pro( t !re is some?+ want+ 9 ! sup]ior civilization & culture :i* we believe ourselves to possess4 ,!re is also at ,gov>dhan a v f9e ,h9du temple1 dat+ f ! "t ( ,akb>4 ,a great fair is held "h e ye> ab\t ! end ( ,octob]1 or beg9n+ ( ,novemb]1 on ! occasion ( ! ,h9du ,diwli1 or ,fea/ ( ,lamps1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful & impressive ( all ! ,h9du fe/ivals4 ,muttra1 ! ,ma?ora ( ! ,greeks1 ab\t f\rte5 miles f ,gov>dhan1 & )9 easy rea* ( ,agra by rail1 is "o ( ! mo/ sacr$ places ( ! ,h9dus1 f be+ ! reput$ bir?place ( ,kri%na4 ,x is a great c5tre = ! wor%ip ( ,vi%nu4 ,br9dban1 or ,b9d>ban1 :i* is a v %ort di/ance fur!r by rail1 possesses an old ,h9du temple1 d$icat$ to ,gov9d ,deva1 or ,vi%nu1 ( ! same p]iod z ! o!r at ,gov>dhan1 & built by ! same p]son1 ,rajah ,man ,s+h ( ,amb]1 an ance/or ( ! pres5t ,mah>ajah ( ,jaipur4 ,f]gusson describes x z "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & elegant temples 9 ,india4 ,!re is also a great ,vi%nu temple ( ! la/ c5tury1 9 ! ,dravidian /yle ( ,s\!rn ,india1 built by a ,h9du millionaire m]*ant4 ,kri%na's *ildhood & e>ly y\? 7 pass$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,br9dban1 & on t acc\nt x is held especially sacr$ by ! foll[]s ( ! ,vai%navite sect ( ,h9duism1 :o flock !re 9 ?\s&s on ! anniv]s>y ( ,kri%na's bir?1 9 ! mon? ( ,bhadon 7,augu/--,septemb]74 ,,notes #a ,bab>'s ,memoirs1 translat$ by ,ersk9e4 #b ,= fur!r p>ticul>s ( ,bab>'s hi/ory ! read] is ref]r$ to ! ,memoirs1 or to ,/anley ,lane-,pool]s admirable ,life ( ,bab>1 9 ! ,rul]s ( ,india ,s]ies 7,macmillan ,co474 #c ,! ,/ate docum5ts ( ! ,mogul ,emp]ors1 giv5 "u ! royal h& & seal1 7 sometimes actually impress$ by ! royal h&4 ,plate ,i4 reproduces "p ( a lett]1 address$ by ,%ah ,jahan to an ance/or ( ! pres5t ,mah>ajah ( ,gidh\r4 ,9 ?is lett] ! ,raja ,dalan ,s+h is in=m$ t ! auspici\s impress ( ! royal h& is s5t z a m>k ( royal fav\r1 & he is comm&$ to proce$ to ,c\rt to p>ticipate 9 ! fe/ivities & to pay homage to ! ,emp]or4 #d ,b]ni]'s ,travels--,con/able's translation4 #e ,^! elephant /atues h be5 a vex$ po9t ) ar*ologi/s4 ,b]ni]1 9 8 description ( ,delhi1 ref]s to two great elephants ( /one1 ) _! rid]s1 outside ( ! ,=t ,gates4 ,! rid]s1 he says1 7 portraits ( ! fam\s ,rajput *iefs ,jaymal & ,patta1 sla9 by ,akb> at ! siege ( ,*itore4 ,_! enemies1 9 admiration ( ! devotion ( ! two h]oes1 put up ^! /atues to _! memory4 ,n[1 ,b]ni] does n say t ! /atues 7 put up by ,akb>1 b ,g5]al ,cunn+ham1 inf]r+ t ,b]ni] meant ?is1 prop\nd$ a !ory t !y 7 orig9ally 9 front ( ! ,agra ,=t1 :i* ,akb> built1 & remov$ to ,delhi by ,%ah ,jahan1 :5 he built 8 new palace !re4 ,ke5e1 :o discusses ! "q at l5g? 9 8 ,h&book to ,delhi1 accepts ?is sugge/ion4 ,nei!r ( ^! au?orities seem to h be5 aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ! m>ks ( ! feet on ! plat=m 9 front ( ! ,agra ,ha?i ,pol4 ,i h comp>$ ! measurem5ts ( ^! m>ks ) ! dim5sions ( ! elephant :i* /ill exi/s at ,delhi1 & f9d t !y d n correspond 9 any way4 ,! ,delhi elephant is a mu* l>g] animal1 & w\ld n fit into ! plat=m at ! ,agra gate4 ,g5]al ,cunn+ham's !ory1 !re=e1 falls to ! gr\nd4 ,x is j possible t ! ,delhi elephants 7 int5d$ to be copies ( ^? plac$ by ,akb> at ,agra4 ,%ah ,jahan is n likely to h int5tionally p]petuat$ ! memory ( ! ,rajput *iefs1 b popul> tradition or imag9ation may h fa/5$ ! /ory told by ,b]ni] on to ! ,delhi /atues4 ,elephants 7 s commonly plac$ 9 front ( ,indian palaces & =tresses t1 except = ?is /ory1 !re w\ld be no ne$ to suppose any connection betwe5 ^? at ,agra & ^? at ,delhi4 ,pur*as1 quot+ ,william ,f9* :o visit$ ,agra 9 ,jahangir's "t1 describes ! elephants at ! ,ha?i ,pol1 b gives a diff]5t orig9 to ! /atues4 ,beyond ^! two gates y pass a second gate1 ov] :i* are two ,rajaws 9 /one4 ,x is said t !y 7 two bro!r ,rajputs1 tutors to a pr9ce1 _! nephew1 :om ! ,k+ dem&$ ( !m4 ,!y refus$1 & 7 committ$2 b drew on ! (fic]s1 slew twelve1 & at la/1 by multitudes oppress+1 7 !mselves sla91 & "h h elephants ( /one & !mselves figur$4 ,! expression ov] 7! gate7 has ! mean+ ( high up1 & n1 z ,ke5e supposes1 its m mod]n s5se ( on ! top (4 #f ,! old ,mogul road l$ directly f ! ,elephant ,gate to ! entrance ( ! ,dwan-i-m4 ,i und]/& t ?is road w be re/or$ %ortly by ! ,ar*ological ,dep>tm5t4 #g ,an ugly mod]n m>ble rail1 9 imitation ( wood1 probably a rem9isc5ce ( ! "t :5 ! palace 0 occupi$ by ! ,briti% g>rison1 /ill disfigures & /unts ! proportions ( ! upp] /orey ( ! ,samman ,burj4 #h ,?is "q is discuss$ at l5g? 9 an article by ! au?or1 entitl$ ,! ,taj & its ,design]s1 publi%$ 9 ! ,june numb] ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,aft]1 #aijc4 #i ,tav]ni] says tw5ty-two ye>s probably includ+ all ! accessory build+s4 #aj ,! pres5t g>d5 is a jungle1 plant$ by a ,european ov]se] )\t any und]/&+ or feel+ = ! ideas ( ! ,mogul arti/s4 ,! ov]gr[n trees entirely block out ! view ( ! mosques on ei!r side1 :i* are an ess5tial "p ( ! :ole composition1 s]v+ z support]s to ! sl5d]1 deta*$ m9>ets4 ,i und]/&1 h[ev]1 t x is int5d$ to remove "s ( ! m ob/ructive ( ! l>g] trees2 b ! av5ue ( cypress trees1 :i* p]i%$ f dr\ght "s ye>s ago1 has be5 replant$ on l9es :i* ev5tually w cla% s]i\sly ) ! ar*itectural composition4 #aa ,?is repres5ts ! condition ( ! g>d5 tw5ty or ?irty ye>s ago4 #ab ,! conjunction ( ,jupit] & ,v5us2 ref]r+ to ! circum/ance t ,timur & himself 7 born at ! conjunction ( ^! planets4 7,,ke5e47 #ac ,x is v probable t ! black slate or m>ble panels 9 ! ,delhi ,palace1 :i* are purely ,flor5t9e 9 design1 7 import$ complete f ,italy1 & fix$ 9 ! wall by ,indian workm51 :o only design$ ! ornam5tal scrolls surr\nd+ ! panels4 #ad ,x is kn[n t 9 #aege ,akb> complet$ a great build+ at ,fatehpur1 call$ ! ,ibadat ,khana1 or hall 9 :i* ! le>n$ m5 ( all religions assembl$ = discussion4 ,x 0 describ$ z conta9+ f\r halls1 ! we/]n = ! ,sayyids1 or desc5dants ( ! ,prophet2 ! s\!rn = le>n$ m5 :o _h /udi$ or acquir$ k2 ! nor!rn = ^? fam$ = inspir$ wisdom3 ! ea/]n hall 0 res]v$ = ! nobles & /ate (fic]s4 ,?\s&s ( p f all qu>t]s ( ! _w assembl$ 9 ! c\rty>d4 ,! ,emp]or att5d$ e ,friday night & on holy fe/ivals1 mov+ f "o to ! o!r ( ! gue/s & conv]s+ ) !m4 ,ke5e1 9 8 ,h&book to ,agra1 sugge/s t possibly ! ,dwan-i-khs may be ! build+ ?us describ$ 7tak+ ! ^w aiwan1 or hall1 to mean a side gall]y71 z no o!r build+ at all answ]+ to ! description n[ rema9s at ,fatehpur4 ,?is supposition is highly improbable1 if only = ! reason giv5 by ,edmund ,smi?1 namely1 t an assembly ( ?is k9d w\ld n take place )9 ! prec9cts ( ! palace4 ,! description giv5 by ,abul ,fazl & ,badyni cle>ly indicates a build+ l ! ,dwan-i-m1 enclos+ a great quadrangle4 #ae ,ke5e sugge/s t ,akb>'s fir/ wife & c\s91 ,sultana ,raqia ,begam1 liv$ "h1 b %e 0 a ,muhammadan4 ,x is q possible t ! "n ( ,jodh ,bai 7,pr9cess ( ,jodhpur7 really ref]s to ,m>iam1 & n to ,jahangir's ,rajput wife 7! daught] ( ! ,raja ( ,jodhpur71 z is commonly suppos$4 ,miriam's family resid$ 9 ! prov9ce ( ,ajmir1 :i* adjo9s ,jodhpur4 ,%e might h be5 kn[n z ! ,pr9cess ( ,jodhpur4 ,9 any case1 x is easy to see h[ a confusion might h aris5 betwe5 ,jahangir's "m & 8 wife1 bo? ,h9dus & ,rajputs4 #af ,birbal's h\se is n[ us$ z a travell]s' re/-h\se = high (ficials & di/+ui%$ visitors2 :i* is n only v inconv5i5t = ! undi/+ui%$ :o may wi% to see x1 b involves alt]ations :i* %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ 9 build+s ( su* unique arti/ic & ar*ological int]e/4 ,nei!r ! ,daft> ,khana nor ?is build+ %\ld be devot$ to su* purposes1 m]ely to avoid ! paltry exp5se ( provid+ prop] dak bungal[s4 #ag ,hi/ory ( ,indian & ,ea/]n ,ar*itecture4