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,,the ,,mirror ,,of ,,literature1       
,,amusement1 ,,and ,,instruction4  ,vol4
 #bj4 ,no4 #egc4 ,,saturday1 ,,october  
#bg1 #ahcb4 ,,price #b;d4           99  
99       99       99       99     ,,old 
,,hall1 ,,in ,,derbyshire4              
,illustration   ,this picturesque       
specimen of olden architecture stands   
upon the ,norton ,lees estate1 on the   
northern verge of ,derbyshire upon the  
adjacent county of ,york2 about a mile  
from ,sheffield1 and eight miles north  
of ,chesterfield1 and but a short       
distance from ,bolsover ,castle1        
pictured in ,no4 #eff of ,the ,mirror4  
,the estate1 in the reign of ,henry     
,,vii41 was the property of the family  

of the ,blythes of ,norton1 two of whom 
arrived at great honours in the church2 
one of them1 ,john1 being the ,bishop of
 ,salisbury1 and the other1 ,geoffrey1  
,bishop of ,lichfield and ,coventry4#a  
,the above was the mansion of the       
family3 its picturesqueness is of       
pleasing character2 and our inquiry into
 the probable age of the structure has  
naturally enough led us into a few      
observations upon the early domestic    
architecture of this country4 ,the      
subject is1 however1 too rife with      
interesting details for the present     
occasion2 so that all we now purpose is 
by way of reference to the specimen or  
illustration before us4      #a         
,rhodes's ,peak ,scenery1 ,part ,,iv4   
,the house at ,norton ,lees has been    
supposed by some persons to be as old as
 the reign of ,richard ,,ii42 but ,mr4  
,rhodes observes1 that it was erected   
many years after this period can hardly 
be doubted4 ,certain features of        
resemblance assist its appearance of    

antiquity1 as the wooden framework1     
which is observable in the oldest       
specimens of house-building in this     
country4 ,according to ,strutt1 the     
,saxons usually built their houses of   
clay1 kept together by wooden frames2   
shortly after the ,norman ,conquest     
plaster was intermixed with timber1 and 
subsequently the basement story was made
 of stone4 ,the upper apartments were so
 constructed as to project over the     
lower1 and considerable ornament both in
 carved wood and plaster was introduced 
about the doors and windows and roof of 
the building4 ,nevertheless1 timber1    
with lath and plaster1 and thatch for   
the roofs1 constituted the chief        
materials in the dwellings of the       
,english from an early period till near 
the close of the fourteenth century and 
beginning of the fifteenth1 when bricks 
began to be used in the better sort of  
houses4#b ,the mansion before us1 as we 
have seen1 is referred to the           
first-mentioned period4 ,mr4 ,rhodes1   

however1 observes1 though composed of   
stone and wood1 it is evident not one of
 the earliest structures of this        
description3 it is indeed highly        
probable that it was built in the reign 
of the ,seventh or ,eighth ,henry1 but  
certainly not sooner4 ,at this period   
the halls or family mansions of the     
yeomanry of the country had nearly all  
the same general character4 ,previously1
 but little stone was used in any of    
them4#c2 ,it is true that stone houses  
are mentioned nearly three centuries and
 a half before the date of the hall at  
,norton ,lees1 as settled by ,mr4       
,rhodes2 as we find them belonging to   
citizens of ,london in the reign of     
,henry ,,ii42 and1 observes ,mr4        
,hallam1 though not often perhaps       
regularly hewn stones1 yet those        
scattered over the soil1 or dug from    
flint quarries1 bound together with a   
very strong and durable cement1 were    
employed in the construction of manorial
 houses1 especially in the western      

counties and other parts where that     
material is easily procured4 ,harrison  
says1 that few of the houses of the     
commonalty1 except here and there in the
 west country towns1 were made of stone4
 ,this was about #aegj4 ,gradually1 even
 in timber buildings1 the intervals of  
the main beams were occupied by stone   
walls1 or where stone was expensive1 by 
mortar or plaster1 intersected by       
horizontal or diagonal beams1 grooved   
into the principal piers4 ,this mode of 
building continued for a long time1 and 
is familiar to our eyes in the older    
streets of the metropolis1 and in many  
parts of the country4#d ,harrison1 just 
quoted1 says1 the ancient manours and   
houses of our gentlemen are yet and for 
the most part of strong timber1 in      
framing whereof our carpenters have been
 and are worthily preferred before those
 of like science among all other        
nations4 ,howbeit1 such as are lately   
builded are either of brick or hard     
stone1 or of both4      #b ,britton's   

,architect4 ,antiq4 ii4 #hf4      #c    
,rhodes's ,peak ,scenery1 ,part iv4 p4  
#d4--,one of the oldest         of these
 structures at present in the kingdom1  
is ,moreton         ,hall in ,cheshire1 
which1 though a highly-ornamented       
building1 is entirely composed of wood1 
and was erected at         a time before
 stone was generally used even for the  
lower         apartments4 ,the earliest 
date about this ancient remain is       
#aeei4      #d ,hist4 ,middle ,ages1    
vol4 iii41 p4 #dbj4  ,the ,hall before  
us may but ill accord with the present  
idea of one of these ancient residences2
 but1 to explain away this error1 it may
 be necessary to show in what respects  
the earliest halls 7of which but few    
specimens are extant17 differed from    
those which remain in considerable      
numbers1 to this day4 ,a passage to this
 point will be found in ,mr4 ,hallam's  
valuable work4 ,it is1 observes this    
able historical writer1 an error to     
suppose that the ,english gentry were   

lodged in stately or even in well-sized 
houses4 ,generally speaking1 their      
dwellings were almost as inferior to    
those of their descendants in capacity  
as they were in convenience4 ,the usual 
arrangement consisted of an             
entrance-passage running through the    
house1 with a hall on one side1 a       
parlour beyond1 and one or two chambers 
above1 and on the opposite side1 a      
kitchen1 pantry1 and other offices4#e   
,such was the ordinary manor-house of   
the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries1  
as appears not only from the documents  
and engravings1 but as to the latter    
period from the buildings themselves1   
sometimes1 though not very frequently1  
occupied by families of consideration1  
more often converted into farm-houses1  
or distinct tenements4 ,larger          
structures were erected by men of great 
estates1 during the reigns of ,henry    
,,vi4 and ,edward ,,iv42 but very few   
can be traced higher2 and such has been 
the effect of time1 still more through  

the advance or decline of families1 and 
the progress of architectural           
improvement1 than the natural decay of  
these buildings1 that ,i should conceive
 it difficult to name a house in        
,england1 still inhabited by a          
gentleman1 and not belonging to the     
order of castles1 the principal         
apartments of which are older than the  
reign of ,henry ,,vii4 ,the instances at
 least must be extremely few4 ,single   
rooms1 windows1 doorways1 c4 of an      
earlier date1 may perhaps not           
unfrequently be found2 but such         
instances are always to be verified by  
their intrinsic evidence1 not by the    
tradition of the place4#f      #e ,hist4
 of ,whalley4 ,in ,strutt's view of     
,manners1 we have an         inventory  
of furniture in the house of ,mr4       
,richard ,fermor1         ancestor of   
the ,earl of ,pomfret1 at ,easton in    
,northamptonshire1 and another in that  
of ,sir ,adrian         ,foskewe4 ,both 
these houses appear to have been of the 

dimensions and arrangement mentioned4   
,and even in houses         of a more   
ample extent1 the bi-section of the     
ground-plot         by an               
entrance-passage1 was1 ,i believe1      
universal1 and is         a proof of    
antiquity4 ,haddon ,hall and ,penshurst 
still         display this ancient      
arrangement1 which has been altered     
in some old houses4 ,about the reign of 
,james ,i41 or1         perhaps1 a      
little sooner1 architects began to      
perceive the         additional grandeur
 of entering the great hall at once4    
,this apartment subsequently gave its   
name to the whole         house4--,see  
an interesting paper on ,old ,english   
,halls1         ,mirror1 vol4 xviii4 p4 
#ib-ajh4      #f ,hist4 ,middle ,ages1  
vol4 iii41 p4 #dbc4--,the most          
remarkable         fragment of early    
building which ,i have any where found  
mentioned is at a house in ,berkshire1  
called ,appleton1         where there   
exists a sort of prodigy1 an            

entrance-passage         with circular  
arches in the ,saxon style1 which must  
probably be as old as the reign of      
,henry ,,ii4 ,no other         private  
house in ,england can1 ,i presume1 boast
 of such a         monument of          
antiquity4  ,it need scarcely be        
remarked1 in conclusion1 that the ,hall 
at ,norton ,lees1 as it appears to the  
reader1 conveys but an imperfect idea of
 the ancient structure4 ,the walls of   
the lower story entirely of stone1 and  
the upper1 stone and plaster intersected
 by wood1 are original1 as is probably  
the enriched gable1 with the pinnacled  
ornament at its apex2 beneath was       
originally a small bay window1 which has
 been stopped up3 the other gable1 it is
 reasonable to conclude1 once possessed 
similar enrichments4 ,the chimneys are  
modern1 since they are neither pyramidal
 in their terminations1 as was the      
fashion of the #adth and #aeth          
centuries1 nor have they the long       
polygonal shafts of the ,elizabethan and

 subsequent periods1 which has caused   
chimneys to be characteristically termed
 the wind-pipes of hospitality4 ,the    
,hall would likewise appear to be       
divided into two tenements1 which but   
ill assorts with its original           
appropriation2 though we are not to     
consider these deviations as affecting  
the architectural character or identity4
         99       99       99       99  
99   ,,oliver ,,goldsmith4   ,a person  
named ,goldsmith1 who stated himself to 
be a nephew of the great ,oliver        
,goldsmith1 died a short time since of  
cholera1 in the country4 ,a             
correspondent of the ,morning ,herald   
observes1 the assertion may be true1 and
 states that ,dr4 ,goldsmith had a      
brother1 whose name he thinks was       
,charles1 and whom he met in public     
company about thirty years since4 ,in   
person he resembled the poet1 and was a 
man of some pleasantry1 sang a tolerable
 song1 and1 like his brother1 had a good
 deal of oddity in his manner4 ,he then 

resided at ,somer's ,town1 and as the   
correspondent was informed1 had been    
many years in the ,west ,indies1 whence 
he came to ,england possessed of a small
 independence4 ,some years since the    
correspondent made inquiry at ,somer's  
,town for ,charles ,goldsmith1 but was  
told that he had left his residence     
there for some years4 ,he is anxious for
 some information respecting the latter 
history of the poet's brother3 he has a 
faint idea of hearing he had some       
children by a native of the ,west       
,indies1 and he thinks it probable that 
the first-named individual1 lately      
deceased1 might have been one of them4  
,the settlement of this point may not be
 of general importance2 but it leads the
 correspondent to mention that in the   
,temple churchyard1 where he remembers  
the burial of ,goldsmith1 there is no   
stone or other memorial to mark his     
grave4 ,so posterity1 for nearly        
threescore years1 have treated a man of 
genius1 who1 to quote ,dr4 ,johnson's   

opinion1 left no species of writing     
untouched1 and adorned all to which he  
applied himself4 ,how different1        
observes the above correspondent1 the   
attention and honours paid to the memory
 of ,walter ,scott1 scarcely cold in his
 coffin6 a more voluminous writer       
certainly1 but not a superior genius to 
the author of the ,deserted ,village and
 the ,vicar of ,wakefield4 ,goldsmith   
died in the ,inner ,temple4 ,aikin says 
he was buried with little attendance in 
the ,temple church2 the correspondent of
 the ,herald states1 in the churchyard1 
so that the poet's biographers are not  
even agreed ,,where he was buried4 ,yet1
 since his death1 thousands of pounds   
have been expended in restoring the     
architecture of the ,temple church1 and 
one hears everlastingly of the rare     
series of effigies of ,knights          
,templars3 but a few pounds have not    
been spared for a stone to tell where   
the poor poet sleeps4 ,true it is1 that 
a monument has been erected to his      

memory in ,westminster ,abbey1 with a   
,latin inscription1 by ,dr4 ,johnson1   
but the locality of his actual          
resting-place is untold4 ,we may say    
with equal truth and justice--      ,oh 
shame to the land of his birth6         
,,philo4         99       99       99   
99       99   ,,the ,,savoyard4  ,by    
,e4,b4 ,impey1 ,esq4   ,the following   
ballad is founded on the melancholy fact
 of a ,savoyard boy and his monkey      
having been found starved to death in   
,st4 ,james's ,park during the night of 
a severe frost4    ,weary and wan from  
door to door     ,with faint and        
faltering tread1   ,in vain for shelter 
,i implore1     ,and pine for want of   
bread4    ,poor ,jacko6 thou art hungry 
too2     ,thy dim and haggard eye       
,pleads more pathetically true1         
,than prayer or piercing cry4    ,poor  
mute companion of my toil1     ,my      
wanderings and my woes6   ,far have we  
sought this vaunted soil1     ,and here 
our course must close4    ,chill falls  

the sleet2 our colder clay     ,shall to
 the morning light1   ,stretch'd on     
these icy walks1 betray     ,the ravages
 of night4    ,scarce have ,i number'd  
twice seven years2     ,ah6 who would   
covet more8   ,or swell the lengthen'd  
stream of tears     ,to man's thrice    
measur'd score8    ,alas6 they told me  
'twas a land     ,of wealth and weal to 
all2   ,and bless'd alike with bounteous
 hand     ,the stranger and the thrall4 
,a land whose golden vallies shame      
,thy craggy wilds1 ,savoy1   ,might     
well1 methought1 from want reclaim      
,one poor unfriended boy4    ,how did my
 young heart fondly yearn     ,to greet 
thy treach'rous shore6   ,and deem'd the
 while1 for home-return     ,to husband 
up a store4    ,why did ,i leave my     
native glen     ,and tune my            
mountain-lay1   ,to colder maids and    
sterner men     ,than o'er our glaciers 
stray8    ,there pity dews the manly    
cheek     ,and heaves the bosom coy1    
,that quail'd not at the giddy peak     

,which foils the fleet chamois4         
,here--where the torrents voice would   
thrill     ,each craven breast with     
fear2   ,for dumb distress or human ill 
,there drops no kindred tear4    ,the   
rushing ,arc1 the cold blue ,rhone1     
,that in their channels freeze2   ,and  
snow-clad ,cenis' heart of stone        
,might melt ere one of these4    ,why   
did ,i loathe my lowly cot     ,where   
late ,i caroll'd free1   ,nor felt1     
contrasted with my lot1     ,the pomp of
 high degree8    ,lo6 where to mock the 
houseless head     ,huge palaces arise1 
,whose board uncharitably spread        
,the unbidden guest denies4    ,o for   
the crumbs that reckless fall     ,from 
that superfluous board6   ,o for the    
warmth you gorgeous hall     ,and       
blazing hearth afford6    ,all          
unavailing is the prayer--     ,the     
proud ones pass us by2   ,their chariots
 roll1 their torches glare     ,cold on 
the famish'd eye4    ,and yet a little  
from their need     ,some poorer hands  

have spared3   ,and some have sighed1   
with little heed1     ,alas6 poor       
,savoyard6    ,and some have bent the   
churlish brow1     ,and curl'd the lip  
of scorn2   ,for they at home had brats 
enow1     ,and beggars ,british-born4   
,and some have scoff'd as proud to bear 
,brute heart in human shape2   ,nor drop
 nor morsel deign'd to share     ,with  
alien or with ape4    ,poor ,jacko6 yet 
one soul can feel     ,sad fellowship   
with thee2   ,and we have shared our    
scanty meal     ,in bitterness or glee4 
,yes6 we have shared our last--and here 
,have little now to crave2   ,no bounty1
 save a passing tear1     ,no gift1     
beyond a grave4    ,still let these arms
 to thy bare breast     ,their lingering
 heat impart2   ,come shroud thee in my 
tatter'd vest1     ,and nestle next my  
heart4    ,partners in grief1 in want   
allied1     ,e'en as we lived1 we die2  
,so let one grave our relics hold1      
,entwined1 as thus we lie4         99   
99       99       99       99           

,,manners ,,and ,,customs4         99   
99       99       99       99   ,,early 
,,inhabitants ,,of ,,britain4  7,to the 
,editor47   ,your interesting columns   
have afforded me much gratification by  
the sketches of the manners of various  
nations4 ,i am a thorough ,englishman in
 principle1 with a sprinkling1 however1 
of ,german in my veins1 and as the early
 history of this country is a point of  
great interest1 if ,the ,mirror can     
allow1 ,i will offer a few reflections4 
,caesar1 speaking of our ancestors1     
calls them1 in blunt and plain ,latin   
,barbari4 ,now ,caesar was a            
disappointed man2 he knew but little of 
this land1 he invaded it wantonly1 and  
left it gladly4 ,the ,briton was by no  
means so luxurious as the ,roman1 but it
 is wrong to call him a barbarian4  ,as 
priests generally 7in such periods as   
those to which we allude17 take good    
care of themselves1 and as the ,druids  
were the chiefs1 let us take a few      
cursory observations upon their manners 

and customs4  ,the ,druids were priests 
and magistrates4 ,they were divided into
 three classes3#g the bard proper1 whose
 province was philosophy and poetry2 the
 ,druid1 or minister of religion2 and   
the ovate1 or mechanic and artist4      
,these classes were all obedient to one 
superior--the ,archdruid4      #g ,vide 
,introduction to ,owen's ,translations  
of the ,elegies of         ,llywarch    
,hen4  ,the etymology of the word ,druid
 has long been a subject of dispute1    
many deriving it from the ,greek word   
,greek3 drus1 an oak1 because it has    
been affirmed that their mysteries were 
carried on in oak groves and forests2   
but as the latter fact is doubtful1     
consequently the etymology founded upon 
it is shaken4 ,it has been already      
stated that the ,druids were magistrates
 and philosophers1 and very few         
etymologists will cavil with me if we   
fix it at once upon the ,celtic word    
druidh1 signifying a wise man4  ,the    
theological tenets of the ,druids were  

of a most interesting                   
character--professing future punishments
 and immortality4 ,their heaven partook 
of the nature of the ,elysian ,fields1  
while their hell#h was as horrible as   
the most violent fanatic could depict   
it4 ,it was a gulph of darkness1 where  
the baneful animal crept1 where the     
cold1 gliding serpent maddened the      
sinner with his envenomed tooth1 and    
hissed the dirge of horror1 while the   
lion prowled along with his noiseless   
paw1 and hungry wolves devoured those   
whom for their crimes on earth the      
,druids 7unable to conquer or correct7  
condemned to      ,those dark solitudes 
and awful cells4  ,no sacred ceremonies 
could be performed but in the ,druid's  
presence3 they were the guardians of    
religion1 the interpreters of mysteries2
 and the foolish cunning man of the     
north1 who is often consulted in these  
days relative to strayed cattle1        
intended matches1 c4 is a relic of the  
druidh1 the wise man of the ancient     

,celts4      #h ,gaelic ,antiquities1 p4
 #ba4  ,sun worship was the original    
creed2 but as abuses crept in1 other    
gods were variously introduced at the   
altars1 ,mercury being the most noted4  
,the ,druids were astronomers1 and they 
divided time1 not by the days but       
nights2#i a custom as old as any with   
which we are acquainted1 as it appears  
,genesis i4#e3 ,and the evening and the 
morning were the first day4 ,whence we  
say1 to this day1 a se'en night--a fort 
night4      #i ,vide ,richard of        
,cirencester4  ,as the sun was the      
object of adoration1 no wonder that     
mysteries were also performed to the    
moon1 riding in silver splendour through
 azure space2 smiling from her height   
upon the departed and unseen luminaries 
which had sunk over the distant hill1   
the fearful mind would watch the lamp of
 night as a guardian world1 or deity1   
and in the fervour of gratitude1 or     
under the impulse of fear1 would address
 her as the mediatrix between man and   

his deity4  ,the chief times of devotion
 were at the summer solstice and the    
winter solstice1 7whence the ,,yule     
clog71 mid-day1 or midnight--a zenith   
being their period4 ,the new and full   
moon was duly reverenced4 ,on the sixth 
day1 a high officiating ,druid gathered 
mistletoe2 a ceremony conducted with    
great solemnity4 ,it was cut with a     
golden knife1 caught in a white robe1   
and not allowed to touch the ground4    
,the shadow of this ,druidical rite     
exists in the peculiar privileges of    
kissing under the mistletoe at          
,christmas times4  ,lustrations were    
used1 sacrifices were made1 and the     
altar reeked1 some say with human gore4 
,the victim being dead1 prayers         
succeeded2 the entrails were examined1  
and certain portions were consumed upon 
the fire altar3      ,crepitant preces1 
altaria fumant4  ,intemperate drinking  
generally closed the sacrifice1 and a   
fresh strewing of oak leaves            
reconsecrated the altar4 ,it is         

remarkable that drinking--hard          
drinking--should have been practised by 
the priesthood in those remote periods1 
but as they were pagan heathens any     
animadversions can be made in safety4 ,i
 cannot digress upon it4 ,white bulls   
were sacrificed1 and it is a singular   
coincidence 7too striking to be the     
effect of chance7 that white bulls were 
sacrificed by the ,egyptians to         
,apis4#aj      #aj ,herodotus describes 
the subject more minutely4  ,the ,druids
 inculcated an utter disregard of death1
 themselves showing a good example1     
being ever foremost in the battle       
strife1 urging on their countrymen to   
deeds of valour2 not doling out their   
maxims in slothful indolence1 and acting
 the reverse of their doctrine3         
,certe populi qui despicit arctos       
,felices errore suo1 quos ille timorum  
,maxumus1 haud urget ,lethi metus3 inde 
ruendi   ,in ferrum mens prona viris1   
animae capaces   ,mortis1 et ignavum    
rediturae parcere vitae4  ,lucan4       

,phars4 ,l4 i4    ,thrice happy they    
beneath their northern skies   ,who that
 worst fear--the fear of                
death--despise--   ,hence they no cares 
for this frail being feel1   ,but rush  
undaunted on the pointed steel2         
,provoke approaching fate1 and bravely  
scorn   ,to spare that life which must  
so soon return4  ,the ,druids were wont 
to teach in small cells1 but lived in   
large buildings and fared sumptuously4  
,some of the cells are remaining to this
 day1 as at ,ty ,iltud1 in              
,brecknockshire4  ,from these           
observations it is apparent that a      
portion of men extraordinary in their   
vast power over the human mind1 and     
possessed of superior knowledge1 were   
here before ,caesar's arrival1 and that 
our ancestors were not such barbarians  
as the proud ,roman would lead us to    
consider them4#aa      #aa ,see also the
 ,druids and their ,times1 from the     
,german of          ,wieland1 p4 #bj of 
the present volume4  ,,selim4         99

       99       99       99       99    
,,curious ,,custom ,,relating ,,to      
,,inheritance4   ,salmon1 in his        
,history of ,hertfordshire1 imagines    
that the ,east ,saxon and ,mercian      
kingdoms were1 in the upper part of this
 county1 separated from each other by   
the ,ermin-street2 and in the lower     
part1 in the parish of ,cheshunt1 by a  
bank1 which anciently reached from      
,middlesex through ,theobald's ,park1   
across ,goffe's ,lane1 to ,thunderfield 
,grove1 over ,beaumont ,green1 to       
,nineacres ,wood4 ,there is a custom in 
the manor of ,cheshunt1 he says1 by     
which the elder brother inherits above  
the bank1 and the youngest below it1 in 
the same fields2--which could not have  
been introduced but from the different  
laws of a different government4         
,p4,t4,w4         99       99       99  
99       99    ,,anecdote ,,gallery4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,,anecdotes ,,of ,,the ,,bar4  7,by a   
retired ,barrister47   ,mr4 ,justice    

,lawrence possessed the advantage of a  
very handsome person1 accompanied with a
 great share of dignity of manner4 ,his 
deportment was haughty2 but it was one  
of pride unmarked with insolence4 ,he   
knew what was due to the station which  
he filled1 and he exacted the respect to
 which it was entitled4 ,he crushed     
assumption and forward impudence by a   
look1 and brought them down to the level
 of their own insignificance4 ,i        
recollect an instance of this on one    
occasion1 when ,i attended him as       
counsel on a summons4 ,the ,attorney on 
the opposite side was a ,mr4 ,tomlinson1
 a man then in extensive practice1 but  
forward1 assuming1 and self-sufficient4 
,he made some observation which offended
 the learned judge4 ,he rose haughtily  
from his chair1 and without uttering a  
word1 fixed his eyes on ,tomlinson1 and 
waved his hand towards the door4        
,contempt could not have been conveyed  
half so expressively by any words which 
he could have used4 ,tomlinson          

understood his meaning1 and instantly   
retired4  ,he was partial to those to   
whom birth or education gave a claim to 
the title of gentleman4 ,to those who   
derived no pretension to it from either 
of those sources1 he never showed a want
 of attention1 unless they exhibited any
 traits of vulgar assurance1 or upstart 
insolence2 to those he unsparingly dealt
 the full measure of contemptuous       
observance4 ,to the incorrect in morals 
or professional conduct1 he was         
irreconcileably supercilious and        
invariably severe4  ,i recollect but one
 anecdote of any pleasantry which       
occurred before ,mr4 ,justice ,lawrence1
 in which he had any part1 and at which 
he enjoyed a hearty laugh4 ,an ,irish   
milkman was brought up to take the      
benefit of the ,lord's ,act 7by which   
,insolvents were then discharged47 ,he  
was suspected of concealing his         
property1 having given no schedule1     
though he was known at not a very       
distant period to have possessed some4  

,he was asked by the counsel who opposed
 him1 whether he had not some property1 
which he had omitted to insert in his   
schedule8 ,the devil a bit of property1 
says he1 have ,i at all at all4 ,why1   
what's become of your furniture and your
 cows8 ,cows you were known to have1 as 
you sold milk4 ,yes1 ,i had1 says he2   
but ,i have none now4 ,why1 what have   
you done with them8 ,i have signed away 
every thing ,i had4 ,how have you       
assigned them8 ,i have made my will1 and
 given them all away4 ,what1 are you    
dead1 man8 said the judge4 ,no1 please  
your honour1 says ,pat2 but ,i soon     
will1 if you take away every thing ,i   
have to live on from me4 ,he refused to 
make any assignment or schedule1 and was
 remanded4  ,after his death1 the       
following anecdote was circulated of    
,mr4 ,justice ,lawrence4 ,a cause had   
been tried before him at ,york1 in which
 he had summed up to the jury to find a 
verdict for the defendant1 which they   
accordingly did4 ,on further            

consideration1 it appeared to him that  
he had mistaken the law4 ,a verdict     
having been recorded against the        
plaintiff1 he had no redress2 but it was
 said1 that ,mr4 ,justice ,lawrence left
 him by his will a sum sufficient to    
indemnify him for his loss4 ,this ,i    
give merely as a report1 and give it    
willingly1 as honourable to the memory  
of one of the most able1 most           
independent1 and most dignified of the  
judges who filled a judicial seat in my 
day4  ,the following anecdote ,i think  
,i have seen in print1 but without the  
name of the person to whom it happened4 
,i have heard ,sergeant ,bond relate it 
with great humour of himself1 and he is 
to be relied on as the unquestionable   
original4 ,i once1 said he1 bought a    
horse of a horse-dealer1 warranted sound
 in all his points4 ,i thought ,i had   
got a treasure1 but still wished to find
 out if he had any fault4 ,i therefore1 
when ,i had paid for him1 said to the   
seller1 ',now1 my friend1 you have got  

your money and ,i the horse1 so that the
 bargain is closed2 but do1 like an     
honest fellow1 tell me fairly of any    
fault which he has4' ',why1 sir1' says  
he1 'you have dealt with me like a      
gentleman1 and as you ask me to be frank
 with you1 ,i must tell you that the    
horse has one fault4' ,i pricked up my  
ears3 ',what is it1 my friend8' ',why1  
sir1' says he1 'it is that he will not  
go into the yard of the ,crown ,inn at  
,uxbridge4' ',pooh1 pooh1' said ,i1 'if 
that is all1 ,i'm not likely to put him 
to the trial1 as ,i have nothing to do  
with1 or to lead me to ,uxbridge4'  ,it 
however so happened1 that ,i had        
occasion to go to ,uxbridge1 and ,i     
determined to try if my horse retained  
his dislike to the yard of the ,crown   
,inn4 ,i accordingly rode up the street 
until ,i came opposite to the inn-yard  
of the ,crown4 ,i faced about1 said the 
sergeant1 seated myself firmly in my    
stirrups1 at the same time exhibiting   
the attitude in which the feat was to be

 performed4 ,expecting a plunge from my 
horse1 ,i stuck my spurs into his sides1
 and pushed him forward into the yard2  
but what was my surprise to find him    
enter the yard as quietly as a cow that 
had just gone in before him4 ,but ,i was
 not long in doubt as to what appeared  
to be the cause of this change in his   
antipathies1 by the landlord's coming up
 to him and tapping him on the shoulder3
 ',ha1 ,jack6' says he1 ',i'm glad to   
see you again2 ,i thought ,i had lost   
you4' ',what do you mean1 ,mr4          
,landlord8' ',sir1' says he1 this horse 
was stolen from me about six months ago2
 and ,i have never seen him since4' ,i  
did not much relish this piece of       
information1 rejoined the sergeant1 but 
,i could not help laughing at the       
conceit of the horse-dealer1 to prevent 
me from going to a place where his theft
 of the horse would be discovered3 ,i   
wished ,i had attended to his caution1  
as the sale to me was not regular1 and  
,i was left to make the best terms ,i   

could with the landlord4 ,what they were
 he kept to himself4  ,fielding was a   
contemporary member of the home-circuit1
 with ,sergeant ,bond and myself4 ,in   
the performance of the duties of        
conviviality1 over which the learned    
sergeant1 as head of the circuit1       
presided1 he found in ,fielding a       
powerful auxiliary4 ,he was the son of  
the author of ,tom ,jones1 and inherited
 to a great degree the wit and talents  
of his father4  ,as a companion1        
,fielding was invariably pleasant and   
inimitably entertaining4 ,his           
conversation abounded with anecdotes1 of
 which he had an inexhaustible fund3 his
 great stock was of ,irish stories which
 he gave with great truth and humour4   
,i have repeatedly heard him say1 that  
the lowest class of the ,irish had more 
native humour than any other body of    
people in the same rank in life4 ,he    
would then relate1 in proof of it1 the  
event of a bet which was made on the    
subject at one of the club-houses in    

,st4 ,james's ,street1 which then was   
crowded with ,english and ,irish        
chairmen1 and which was to be decided by
 the reply of one of each country to the
 same question4 ,it was1 ,if you were   
put naked on the top of ,st4 ,paul's1   
what would you be like8 ,the ,english   
chairman was first called in1 and the   
question being put to him1 he ran sulky1
 and refused to give any direct answer1 
saying they were making fun of him4 ,pat
 was then introduced1 and the question  
being propounded to him3 ,what should ,i
 be like8 says he2 why1 like to get     
could1 to be sure1 your honours4 ,this1 
says he1 they call mother wit2 and the  
most illiterate have a quickness in     
parrying the effect of a question by an 
evasive answer4 ,i recollect hearing    
,sir ,john ,fielding giving an instance 
of this1 in the case of an ,irish fellow
 who was brought before him when sitting
 as a magistrate at ,bow ,street4 ,he   
was desired to give some account of     
himself1 and where he came from4        

,wishing to pass for an ,englishman1 he 
said he came from ,chester4 ,this he    
pronounced with a very rich brogue1     
which caught the ears of ,sir ,john4    
',why1 were you ever in ,chester8' says 
he4 ',to be sure1 ,i was1' said ,pat2   
'wasn't ,i born there8' ',how dare you1'
 said ,sir ,john ,fielding1 'with that  
brogue1 which shows that you are an     
,irishman1 pretend to have been born in 
,chester4' ',i didn't say ,i was born   
there1' says he2 ',i only asked your    
honour whether ,i was or not4'          
,fraser's ,magazine4         99       99
       99       99       99    ,,the    
,,naturalist4         99       99       
99       99       99   ,,nutria ,,fur4  
,we quote the following account of      
,nutria from the ,dictionary of         
,commerce1 by ,mr4 ,macculloch1 who     
believes it to be the first description 
that has appeared in any ,english work1 
and acknowledges it from the pen of ,j4 
,broderip1 ,esq41 ,f4,r4,s41 c4         
,nutria1 or ,neutria1 the commercial    

name for the skins of ,myopotamus       
,bonariensis 7,commerson17 the ,coypou  
of ,molina1 and the ,quoiya of          
,d',azara4 ,in ,france1 the skins were1 
and perhaps still are1 sold under the   
name of racoonda2 but in ,england they  
are imported as nutria skins--deriving  
their appellation1 most probably1 from  
some supposed similarity of the animal  
which produces them1 in appearance and  
habits1 to the otter1 the ,spanish name 
for which is nutria4 ,indeed1 ,molina   
speaks of the coypou as a species of    
water rat1 of the size and colour of the
 otter4  ,nutria fur is largely used in 
the hat manufacture2 and has become1    
within the last fifteen or twenty years1
 an article of very considerable        
commercial importance4 ,from #fjj1jjj to
 #hjj1jjj skins1 principally from the   
,rio de la ,plata1 are now annually     
imported into ,great ,britain4 ,it is   
also very extensively used on the       
continent4 ,geoffroy mentions1 that in  
certain years1 a single ,french furrier 

7,m4 ,bechem17 has received from #ae1jjj
 to #bj1jjj skins4  ,the coypou or      
quoiya is a native of ,south ,america1  
very common in the provinces of ,chili1 
,buenos ,ayres1 and ,tucuman1 but more  
rare in ,paraguay4 ,in size it is less  
than the beaver1 which it resembles in  
many points4 ,the head is large and     
depressed1 the ears small and rounded1  
the neck stout and short1 the muzzle    
sharper than that of the beaver1 and the
 whiskers very long and stiff4 ,there   
are1 as in the beaver1 two incisor      
teeth1 and eight molar1 above and       
below--twenty teeth in all4 ,the limbs  
are short4 ,the fore feet have each five
 fingers not webbed1 the thumb being    
very small3 the hind feet have the same 
number of toes2 the great toe and three 
next toes being joined by a web which   
extends to their ends1 and the little   
toe being free1 but edged with a        
membrane on its inner side4 ,the nails  
are compressed1 long1 crooked1 and      
sharp4 ,the tail1 unlike that of the    

beaver1 is long1 round1 and hairy2 but  
the hairs are not numerous1 and permit  
the scaly texture of the skin in this   
part to be seen4 ,the back is of a      
brownish red1 which becomes redder on   
the flanks3 the belly is of a dirty red4
 ,the edges of the lips and extremity of
 the muzzle are white4  ,like the       
beaver1 the coypou is furnished with two
 kinds of fur2 viz4 the long ruddy hair 
which gives the tone of colour1 and the 
brownish ash-coloured fur at its base1  
which1 like the down of the beaver1 is  
of such importance in hat-making1 and   
the cause of the animal's commercial    
value4  ,the habits of the coypou are   
much like those of most of the other    
aquatic rodent animals4 ,its principal  
food1 in a state of nature1 is          
vegetable4 ,it affects the neighbourhood
 of water1 swims perfectly well1 and    
burrows in the ground4 ,the female      
brings forth from five to seven2 and the
 young always accompany her4  ,the      
coypou is easily domesticated1 and its  

manners in captivity are very mild4     
99       99      99       99       99   
,,notes ,,of ,a ,,reader4         99    
99       99       99       99           
,,records ,,in ,,the ,,tower ,,of       
,,london4  7,from the ,edinburgh        
,review1 just published47   ,these      
stores are of invaluable interest1      
particularly with reference to the      
earlier and most obscure portions of our
 history4  ,an immense collection of    
royal letters and state papers1         
miscellaneous rolls relating to the     
revenue1 expenditure1 debts and accounts
 of the ,crown1 ,new ,year's gifts1 the 
royal household1 mint1 foreign bills of 
exchange1 military and naval affairs1   
instruments relating to treaties1       
truces1 and infractions of peace1       
chiefly between ,england and ,france2   
mercantile matters1 foreign possessions 
of the ,crown1 proceedings in the       
,admiralty1 military and other courts of
 the great officers of the ,crown1      
pardons1 protections1 petitions1 subsidy

 rolls1 ,scotch homage rolls1 pardon    
rolls1 privy seals1 signet bills1 writs 
of various descriptions from ,edward ,i4
 to ,edward ,,iv41 exist there1 without 
calendar or index2 and in such masses as
 to defy the patience of any inquirer1  
however ardent4 ,it need not be said    
that in such a variety of documents     
their value must vary considerably1 or  
that many of them are of little use2 but
 each of them is at least worthy of     
being examined2 and there are few of    
them which1 if properly scrutinized by  
apt labourers1 would not at least       
contribute to the elucidation or        
ratification of some branch of history4 
,some of them would render still more   
important services2 and1 by pointing out
 the daily habits and most familiar     
occurrences of the lives of our kings   
and other eminent personages who figure 
in our history1 lead us to a much more  
accurate estimate of their genius than  
any that has hitherto been formed4 ,with
 this view1 the close rolls are amongst 

the most minute and interesting of those
 documents which remain unexplored4 ,the
 character of ,king ,john has had but   
scanty justice done to it2 and perhaps  
those who have formed their notions of  
that monarch from the ordinary accounts 
of him1 will be surprised to find him   
writing to the ,abbot of ,reading to    
acknowledge the receipt of six volumes  
of books1 containing the whole of the   
,old ,testament1 ,master ,hugh de ,st4  
,victor's treatise on the ,sacraments1  
the ,sentences of ,peter ,lombard1 the  
,epistles of ,st4 ,augustine on the     
,city of ,god1 and on the #crd part of  
the ,psalter1 ,valerian de ,moribus1    
,origen's treatise on the ,old          
,testament1 and ,candidus ,arianus to   
,marius2--and that on another occasion  
shortly afterwards he acknowledges the  
receipt of his copy of ,pliny1 which had
 been in the custody of the same ,abbot4
 ,still less does it consist with the   
commonly adopted notions of his selfish 
tyranny1 that he should address ,bryan  

de ,insula in terms like the following3 
,know that we are quite willing that our
 chief barons1 concerning whom you wrote
 to us1 may hunt while passing through  
your bailiwick1 provided that you know  
who they are and what they take2 for we 
do not keep our forests1 nor our beasts1
 for our own use only1 but for the use  
also of our faithful subjects4 ,see1    
however1 that they are well guarded on  
account of robbers1 for the beasts are  
more frightened by robbers than by the  
aforesaid barons4 ,of the reign of      
,henry ,,iii4 the particulars are still 
more minute4 ,notwithstanding its       
connexion with superstitions which exist
 no longer1 we may sympathize with the  
pious charity that suggested that       
monarch's order for feeding as many poor
 persons as can enter the greater and   
lesser hall at ,westminster on ,friday  
next after the octaves of ,st4 ,matthew1
 being the anniversary of ,eleanor1 the 
,king's sister1 formerly ,queen of      
,scotland1 for the good of the said     

,eleanor's soul4 ,his taste for the fine
 arts1 and his encouragement of its     
professors1 are frequently to be traced 
in the entries upon these rolls4 ,in one
 of them he gives directions for having 
the great chamber at ,westminster       
painted with a good green colour after  
the fashion of a curtain2 and in the    
great gable of the same chamber near the
 door this device to be painted1--,ke ne
 dune ke ne tine1 ne prent ke desire2   
and another runs thus1--,the ,king1 in  
presence of ,master ,william the        
painter1 a monk of ,westminster1 lately 
at ,winchester1 contrived and gave      
orders for a certain picture to be made 
at ,westminster in the wardrobe where he
 was accustomed to wash his face1       
representing the ,king who was rescued  
by his dogs from the seditions which    
were plotted against that ,king by his  
subjects1 respecting which same picture 
the ,king addressed other letters to you
 ,edward of ,westminster4 ,and the ,king
 commands ,philip ,lavel his treasurer1 

and the aforesaid ,edward of            
,westminster1 to cause the same ,master 
,william to have his costs and charges  
for painting the aforesaid picture      
without delay2 and when he shall know   
the cost1 he will give them a writ of   
liberate therefor4 ,for the illustration
 of the elder historians1 and as a means
 of ascertaining how far narrations of  
events which appear doubtful or         
improbable1 are correct1 these and other
 buried documents possess great value4  
,that blackest charge against the memory
 of ,king ,john1 by which he is         
implicated in the murder of his nephew  
,prince ,arthur1 has been brought       
forward in forms so various1 that common
 charity has induced many men to        
withhold their credence from an         
accusation which rests on vague and     
uncertain traditions4 ,it is said1      
however1 that ,arthur's death1 by       
whatever means it was brought about1    
took place at ,rouen2 it has been       
ascertained very lately for the first   

time1 by inspection of the attestations 
of records1 that ,john was at that place
 on that day2 a circumstance not in     
itself enough to lead men to a very     
violent suspicion of his guilt1 if the  
manner of the ,prince's death had not   
been sudden and mysterious2 but which1  
bringing the charge at least somewhat   
nearer1 may probably lead to further    
discoveries4 ,of less importance1 but   
yet not without interest1--if it be     
interesting to know accurately the early
 manners of a people1 and to trace their
 progress from periods when those lights
 of science which are now beaming in    
full radiance over the land1 had just   
begun to glimmer above the horizon1--is 
the following instance4 ,matthew ,paris 
relates1 that in #abee1 an elephant was 
sent by the ,king of ,france to ,henry  
,,iii41 and that it being the first     
animal of that species that had been    
seen in ,england1 the people flocked in 
great numbers to behold it4 ,upon the   
close rolls is entered a writ tested at 

,westminster the #crd of ,february1 #ci1
 ,h4 ,,iii4 7#abee17 directing the      
sheriff of ,kent to go in person to     
,dover1 together with ,john ,gouch1 the 
,king's servant1 to arrange in what     
manner the ,king's elephant1 which was  
at ,whitsand1#ab may best and most      
conveniently be brought over to these   
parts1 and to find for the same ,john a 
ship and other things necessary to      
convey it2 and if1 by the advice of the 
mariners and others1 it could be brought
 to ,london by water1 directing it to be
 so brought4 ,that the stranger arrived 
safely1 is evident from a similar writ1 
dated the #bcrd of the same month1      
commanding the ,sheriffs of ,london to  
cause to be built at the ,tower of      
,london1 a house forty feet in length   
and twenty in breadth1 for the ,king's  
elephant4 ,economy however1 it seems1   
was not neglected by the monarch in his 
menus plaisirs2 for the ,sheriffs are   
expressly charged to see that the house 
be so strongly constructed that1        

whenever there should be need1 it might 
be adapted to and used for other        
purposes2 and the costs are to be       
ascertained by the view and testimony of
 honest men4      #ab ,the shortest and 
most convenient passage from ,france to 
,england appears to have been from      
,whitsand to ,dover4 ,the               
tenure of certain lands in ,coperland   
near ,dover1 was the          service of
 holding the ,king's ,head between      
,dover and          ,whitsand whenever  
he crossed there4         99       99   
99       99       99   ,,zoological     
,,gardens1 ,,regent',s ,,park4          
7,continued from page #bja47            
,returning from the ,elephant's ,stable 
and ,enclosure1 we pass the shed and    
enclosure for ,ostriches4 ,here are fine
 specimens of the ,african ,ostrich1    
distinguished by their black plumage1   
and sent from ,tripoli1 by ,hanmer      
,warrington1 ,esq41 and a fine female   
bird from the collection of the late    
,marchioness of ,londonderry4 ,the      

general colour of the feathers of the   
female is ashy-brown1 tipped with white2
 and the exquisitely white plumes so    
much prized are obtained from beneath   
the wings and tail of both sexes4#ac    
#ac ,some curious facts in the economy  
of the ,ostrich will be          found  
at page #bfb of the present volume4     
,illustration3 ,ostriches4  ,retracing  
our steps to the ,southern ,garden we   
find several buildings unnoticed2 as a  
large ,aviary1 appropriated to various  
birds1 but usually to those of rare     
description4  ,illustration3 ,aviary4   
,the slope or valley in the garden1     
between the terrace and the ,park road1 
is partly occupied by a ,pond and       
,fountain1 where are ,swans and other   
swimming birds4 ,in the distance of the 
cut is seen the principal aviary1 where 
are some of the finest birds in the     
garden1 as varieties of ,cranes1        
,storks1 ,herons1 ,spoonbills1          
,curassows1 and the revered bird of the 
ancients--the splendid scarlet ,ibis4   

,illustration3 ,pond and ,fountain4  ,as
 you return by the main path to the     
terrace1 opposite the ,llama ,house is a
 large octagon summer cage for ,maccaws 
where red and yellow1 blue and yellow1  
and red and blue species1 are usually   
kept2 with cockatoos4 ,in winter they   
are removed to some of the warmer       
repositories4  ,illustration3 ,maccaws4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,it gives us great pleasure to hear that
 the ,commissioners of ,woods and       
,forests have in consequence of an      
application made to them by the         
,zoological ,society1 granted an        
extensive piece of land1 on the northern
 verge of ,regent's ,park1 to be added  
to the ,gardens4 ,it will be speedily   
laid out in walks and shrubberies1 and  
in habitations for the numerous animals 
for which the society have at present   
little room1 and has1 in fact1 caused   
the application for the grant4 ,it is   
also in contemplation to erect a superb 
,museum on part of it1 and to remove the

 ,society's present one from            
,bruton-street4         99       99     
99       99       99   ,,german ,,wines4
   ,nassau is rich in mineral waters1   
and richer in generous wines--its       
,johannesberger1 ,hockheimer1           
,rudesheimer1 ,markbrenner1             
,asmanshuser1 ,steinberger1             
,shiersteiner1 c4 are the most noble    
juice of the grape4 ,the ,steinberger1  
in the mark of ,hottenheim1 belongs to  
the ,court exclusively4 ,in #ahaa the   
cask 7,stckfass17 containing #g-a_/b    
sums1 equal to #fjj measures1 or #a1bjj 
bottles1 was sold for #f1jjj florins1   
and at ,wisbaden a common green         
bottle-full sells at a ducat1 or #is4   
#f;d4 sterling4 ,from ,mentz to         
,coblentz the ,german ,bacchus has      
pitched his throne on the territory and 
soil of ,nassau4  ,letter from ,germany1
 in the ,morning ,herald4         99    
99       99       99       99    ,,new  
,,books4         99       99       99   
99       99   ,,the ,,forget-,,me-,,not1

   ,the first-born of the ,annuals1     
comes to woo us with the kindred charms 
of poetry and playful humour--romance   
and real life--full of kindly feelings1 
sighs and tears1 such as ,niobe shed1   
and smiles that with their witchery     
light up the finest affections to       
cherish drooping nature1 and guide our  
footsteps along this world of weal and  
woe4 ,to be more explicit1 the character
 of the present volume is well told by  
,mr4 ,haynes ,bayly in its second       
page3--          a gift that friend to  
friend     ,at parting will deliver2    
,and love with his own name will blend  
,the dear name of the giver4   ,so pure1
 so blameless is this book1     ,that   
wise and wary sages   ,will lead young  
,innocence to look     ,upon its        
tasteful pages4  ,we can only           
particularize a few of the most striking
 papers4 ,among the metrical gems is    
,conradin1 a fine battle-piece1 by ,mr4 
,charles ,swain2 an ,every-day ,tale1 by
 ,montgomery--one of the short and      

simple annals of the poor1 written in   
behalf of a ,society for relieving      
distressed females in the first month of
 their widowhood1 to save their little  
households from being broken up before  
they can provide means for their future 
maintenance3 and ,far-off ,visions1 by  
,mary ,howitt4 ,the prose gem of the    
volume1 to our taste1 is                
,giulietta1 a ,tale of the ,fourteenth  
,century1 by ,l4,e4,l41  which we       
abridge4 ,the scene lies at ,genoa1     
where ,giulietta ,aldobrandini1 being at
 the point of death1 commits her three  
daughters to the care of their uncle the
 ,cardinal ,aldobrandini4 ,the ,countess
 dies1 and the three girls1 ,constanza1 
,bianca1 and ,giulietta1 having sprung  
up into graceful womanhood1 arrive at   
the ,cardinal's palace4  ,it was early  
in a spring evening when the            
,aldobrandini arrived at their uncle's  
dwelling4 ,it was an old and            
heavy-looking building4 ,constanza and  
,bianca1 as the massy gate swung behind 

them1 on their arrival in the dark1     
arched court1 simply remarked that they 
were afraid it would be very dull3 but  
,giulietta's imagination was powerfully 
impressed2 a vague terror filled her    
mind1 which the gloom of the huge and   
still chambers through which they were  
ushered did not tend to decrease4 ,at   
length1 they paused in a large vaulted  
room1 while the aged domestic went on1  
to announce them to the cardinal4       
,giulietta glanced around3 the purple   
hangings were nearly black with age1 so 
was the furniture1 while the narrow     
windows admitted shadows rather than    
light4 ,some portraits hung on the      
walls1 all dignitaries of the church2   
but the colour of their scarlet robes   
had faded with time1 and each wan and   
harsh face seemed to turn frowning on   
the youthful strangers4 ,a door opened1 
and they were ushered into the presence 
of their uncle4 ,he was standing by a   
table1 on which was a crucifix and an   
open breviary1 while a volume of the    

life of ,st4 ,chrysostom lay open on the
 floor4 ,a window of stained glass was  
half screened by a heavy curtain1 and   
the dark panels of carved oak added to  
the gloom of the oratory4 ,the sisters  
knelt before him1 while gravely and     
calmly he pronounced over them a welcome
 and a blessing4 ,constanza and ,bianca 
received them gracefully and meekly1 but
 ,giulietta's heart was too full2 she   
thought how different would have been   
the meeting had they been but kneeling  
before parents instead of the stern     
prelate4 ,she bowed her head upon the   
breviary2 and her dark hair fell over   
her face while she gave way to a        
passionate burst of tears4 ,next to     
indulging in the outward expression of  
feeling himself1 the cardinal held it   
wrong to encourage it in another4       
,gently1 but coldly1 he raised the      
weeping ,giulietta2 and1 with kind but  
measured assurances of his regard and   
protection1 he dismissed the sisters to 
their apartment4 ,could ,giulietta have 

known the many anxious thoughts that    
followed her1 how little would she have 
doubted her uncle's affection6          
99       99       99       99       99  
,the light of a few dim stars shed a    
variable gleam amid the thick boughs of 
a laurel grove1 too faint to mark the   
objects distinctly1 but enough to guide 
the steps of one who knew the place4    
,the air was soft and warm1 while its   
sweetness told of the near growth of    
roses2 but a sweeter breath than even   
the rose was upon the air1 the low and  
musical whisper of youth and of love4   
,gradually1 two graceful forms became   
outlined on the dark air--the one a     
noble-looking cavalier1 the other       
,giulietta4 ,yet the brow of the        
cavalier was a gloomy one to turn on so 
fair a listener in so sweet a night2 and
 his tone was even more sad than tender4
  ,i see no hope but in yourself4 ,do   
you think my father will give up his    
life's hatred to the name of            
,aldobrandini1 because his son loves one

 of its daughters1 and wears a sad brow 
for a forbidden bride8 or1 think you1   
that yonder stern cardinal will give up 
the plans and power of many years1 and  
yield to a haughty and hereditary foe1  
for the sake of tears even in thy eyes1 
,giulietta8  ,i know not what ,i hope1  
replied the maiden1 in a mournful1 but  
firm voice2 but this ,i know1 ,i will   
not fly in disobedience and in secrecy  
from a home which has been even as my   
own4  ,and what1 exclaimed the cavalier1
 can you find to love in your severe and
 repelling uncle8  ,not severe1 not     
repelling1 to me4 ,i once thought him   
so2 but it was only to feel the more the
 kindness which changed his very nature 
towards us4 ,my uncle resembles the     
impression produced on me by his palace3
 when ,i first entered1 the stillness1  
the time-worn hangings1 the huge1 dark  
rooms1 chilled my very heart4 ,we went  
from these old gloomy apartments to     
those destined for us1 so light1 so     
cheerful1 where every care had been     

bestowed1 every luxury lavished2 and ,i 
said within myself1 ',my uncle must love
 us1 or he would never be thus anxious  
for our pleasure4'  ,a few moments more 
and their brief conference was over4    
,but they parted to meet again2 and at  
length ,giulietta fled to be the bride  
of ,lorenzo da ,carrara4 ,but she fled  
with a sad heart and tearful eyes2 and  
when1 after her marriage1 every prayer  
for pardon was rejected by the cardinal1
 ,giulietta wept as if such sorrow had  
not been foreseen4 ,her uncle felt her  
flight most bitterly4 ,he had watched   
his favourite niece1 if not with        
tenderness of look and tone1 yet with   
deep tenderness of heart4 ,when her     
elder sisters married and left his roof1
 he missed them not3 but now it was a   
sweet music that had suddenly ceased1 a 
soft light that had vanished4 ,the only 
flower that1 during his severe          
existence1 he had permitted himself to  
cherish1 had passed away even from the  
hand that sheltered it4 ,it was an      

illusion fresh from his youth3 his love 
for the mother had revived in a gentler 
and holier form for her child1 and now  
that1 too1 must perish4 ,he felt as if  
punished for a weakness2 and all        
,giulietta's supplications were         
rejected3 for pride made his anger seem 
principle4 ,i have been once deceived1  
said he2 it will be my own fault if ,i  
am deceived again4  ,yet how tenderly   
was his kindness remembered1 how        
bitterly was his indignation deplored1  
by the youthful ,countess da            
,carrara6--for such she now             
was--,lorenzo's father having died      
suddenly1 soon after their union4 ,the  
period of mourning was a relief2 for    
bridal pomp and gaiety would have seemed
 too like a mockery1 while thus         
unforgiven and unblessed by one who had 
been as a father in his care4 ,at her   
earnest wish they fixed their first     
residence in the marine villa where her 
mother died4  ,and shall you not be sad1
 my ,giulietta8 asked her husband4      

,methinks the memory of the dead is but 
a mournful welcome to our home4         
,tender1 not mournful1 said she4 ,i do  
believe that even now my mother watches 
over her child1 and every prayer she    
once breathed1 every precept she once   
taught1 will come more freshly home to  
my heart1 when each place recalls some  
word or some look there heard and there 
watched4 ,it is for your sake1 ,lorenzo1
 ,i would be like my mother4  ,they went
 to that fair villa by the sea2 and     
pleasantly did many a morn pass in the  
large hall1 on whose frescoed walls was 
painted the story of ,oenone1 she whom  
the ,trojan prince left1 only to return 
and die at her feet4 ,on the balustrade 
were placed sweet-scented shrubs1 and   
marble vases filled with gathered       
flowers2 and1 in the midst1 a fountain1 
whose spars and coral seemed the spoil  
of some sea-nymph's grotto1 fell down in
 a sparkling shower1 and echoed the     
music of ,giulietta's lute4 ,pleasant1  
too1 was it in an evening to walk the   

broad terrace which overlooked the      
ocean1 and watch the silver moonlight   
reflected on the sea1 till air and water
 were but as one bright element4  ,and  
soon had ,carrara reason to rejoice that
 he had yielded to his wife's wish2 for1
 ere they had been married three months1
 the plague broke out in ,genoa1 with   
such virulence1 as if1 indeed1 a demon  
had been unchained upon earth4 ,the     
spirit of your mother1 my sweet wife1   
has indeed been our guardian angel1 said
 the count1 as he watched a fresh       
sea-breeze lift up the long dark curls1 
and call the crimson into ,giulietta's  
cheek4 ,still1 though safe              
themselves--for1 though the distance    
from ,genoa was but short1 their        
secluded situation and the sea-air      
precluded all fear of infection--still  
an atmosphere of terror and woe was     
around them1 and their thoughts were    
carried out of their own sweet home by  
dim and half-told tales of the dangers  
around them4 ,and among other things1   

,giulietta heard of her uncle's heroic  
conduct2 others fled from the devoted   
city--but he fled not2 others shut      
themselves up in their lonely           
palaces--he went forth amid the dead and
 dying2 his voice gave consolation to   
the sick man1 and his prayer called on  
,heaven for mercy to the departed soul4 
,giulietta heard1 and in the silence of 
her chamber wept2 and1 when her tears   
were done1 knelt1 and gave thanks to    
,god for her uncle4  ,for the first time
 hope arose within her1 and she said to 
herself--,he who walks now even as an   
angel among his fellow-men cannot but   
forgive the errors and the weakness of  
earth4 ,she went to meet her husband    
with a lightened heart2 but1 as she met 
him on the terrace1 she saw that his    
brow was clouded1 and his first words   
told her that important business would  
oblige him to go for a week to an       
ancient castle on the verge of the      
state1 as his neighbours were disposed  
to question his boundary rights4 ,it was

 but a day's1 a summer day's1 journey1  
through a healthy district2 and yet how 
sorrowful was the parting6 ,alas6 how   
soon the presence of beloved ones       
becomes a habit and a necessity6 but a  
few weeks with them at our side1 and we 
marvel how ever life was endured without
 them4 ,the young countess touched her  
lute--it had no music2 she gathered     
flowers--they had no sweetness2 she     
turned to the fairy page of             
,ariosto--but she took no interest in   
his knights or dames2 and at length the 
day was spent ere she had finished      
pacing the hall1 and imagining all the  
possible and impossible dangers that    
could befal ,carrara4  ,she was walking 
languidly on the terrace early the      
following morning1 when a hum of voices 
caught her ear2 one name rivetted her   
attention3 a horrible conviction rushed 
upon her mind4 ,she called a page1 who  
at first equivocated2 but the truth was 
at last owned4 ,the cardinal was        
stricken with the plague4 ,she signed to

 the page to leave her1 and sank for a  
moment against one of the columns4 ,it  
was but for a moment4 ,she withdrew her 
hands from her face3 it was pale1 but   
tearless2 and she left the terrace for  
her chamber with a slow but firm step4  
,two hours afterwards1 the countess was 
sought by her attendants1 but in vain2 a
 letter was found addressed to their    
master1 and fastened by one long1       
shining curl of raven darkness1 which   
all knew to be hers4  ,leaving the      
household to the dismay and confusion   
which such a departure occasioned1 we   
will follow the steps of the countess1  
who was now on the road to ,genoa4 ,she 
had waited but to resume the black serge
 dress1 which1 as a novice of ,st4      
,caterina's1 she had worn1 and in which 
she knew she might pass for one of the  
sisters who had vowed attendance on the 
sick2 and1 during the hour of the       
siesta1 made her escape unobserved4     
,giulietta had been from infancy        
accustomed to long rambles by the       

sea-shore1 or through the deep          
pine-forests2 but now1 though her       
purpose gave her strength1 she felt     
sadly weary2 when1 on the almost        
deserted road1 she overtook a man who   
was driving a small cart laden with     
fruit and vegetables4 ,she accosted him2
 and the offer of a few piastres at once
 procured a conveyance to ,genoa1 for   
thither was her companion bound4  ,the  
plague1 said he1 makes everything so    
scarce1 that my garden has brought me a 
little fortune2 it is an ill wind that  
blows nobody good4  ,and are you not    
afraid of the infection8 asked the      
seeming ,sister of ,charity4  ,nothing  
hazard nothing win4 ,a good lining of   
ducats is the best remedy for the       
plague1 returned the gardener4  ,holy   
,madonna1 thought ,giulietta1 shall ,i  
not encounter for gratitude and dear    
love the peril which this man risks for 
a few ducats8  ,the quarter where stood 
her uncle's palace was at the entrance  
of the city1 and to reach it they had to

 traverse the principal street4 ,how    
changed since last the countess passed  
that way6 ,then it was crowded with gay 
equipages and gayer company4 ,she       
remembered the six white mules with     
their golden trappings1 which drew the  
emblazoned coach of her uncle along2 and
 how she leant back upon its purple     
velvet cushions1 scarcely daring to     
glance amid the crowd of white-plumed   
cavaliers who reined in the curvettings 
of their brave steeds1 lest she should  
meet ,lorenzo da ,carrara's eye1 and    
betray their whole secret in a blush4   
,now not one living creature walked the 
street1 and the sound of their light    
cart was like thunder4 ,she was roused  
from her reverie by observing that her  
companion was taking an opposite        
direction to that of the palace2 and    
requested to alight1 mentioning her     
destination4  ,to the archbishop's6     
,why1 you will not find one living      
creature there4 ,the good cardinal would
 have all the sick he could find brought

 to his palace1 but they fell off like  
dried leaves2 and when he was struck    
with the plague himself none ventured to
 approach it2 for we all agree that the 
air there must be more deadly than      
elsewhere1 since it has not even spared 
his eminence4 ,so1 if it is there you   
are bound1 ,madonna1 we part company2   
but it is just tempting ,providence4    
,giulietta's only answer was to offer   
the gardener a small sum for her        
conveyance2 but to her surprise he      
refused it4 ,no1 no1 you are going on a 
holier errand than ,i2 keep your money2 
you will want it all if you stay in this
 city1 every thing is so dear4  ,a      
sudden thought struck ,giulietta4 ,i do 
not ask you1 said she1 to venture to a  
spot which seems marked for destruction2
 but if ,i meet you here to-morrow will 
you bring with you a small supply of    
provisions and fruit8 ,i can afford to  
pay for them4  ,i will come1 be sure1   
replied the man2 and the saints keep    
you1 maiden1 for your errand is a       

perilous one4 ,he watched her progress  
till she disappeared round a corner in  
the street4 ,i wish1 muttered he1 ,i had
 gone with her to the palace2 at all    
events1 ,i will be here to-morrow2 she  
is1 for all her black veil and pale     
face1 so like my little ,minetta4 ,ay1  
ay1 if this plague lasts1 ,i shall be   
able to tell down her dowry in gold2 and
 the gardener pursued his way4  ,when   
,giulietta arrived at her uncle's       
palace1 she paused for a moment1 not in 
fear but in awe1 the stillness was so   
profound2 not one familiar sound broke  
upon her ear4 ,the doors were all open1 
and she entered the hall2 pallets were  
ranged on each side1 and on one or two  
of the small tables stood cups and      
phials2 but not a trace appeared of an  
habitant4 ,on she passed through the    
gloomy rooms2 everything was in disorder
 and out of place3 it was indeed as if a
 multitude had there suddenly taken up  
their abode and as suddenly departed4   
,but ,giulietta hurried on to her       

uncle's sleeping apartment2 it was      
vacant4 ,her heart for the first time   
sank within her1 and she leant against  
the wainscot1 sick and faint4 ,i have   
yet a hope1 exclaimed she1 and even as  
she spoke she turned to seek the        
oratory4 ,she was right4 ,the crucifix  
stood1 and the breviary was open on the 
small table1 even as they were the first
 time she entered that room3 and on a   
rude mattrass beside it lay her uncle4  
,she sank on her knees1 for he lay      
motionless2 but1 thanks to the holy     
,virgin1 not breathless2 no1 as she bent
 over him1 and her lips touched his1 she
 could perceive the breath1 the precious
 breath1 of life3 his hand too6 it burnt
 in hers1 but she could feel the pulse  
distinctly4  ,giulietta rose1 and threw 
herself before the crucifix4 ,a violent 
burst of tears1 the first she had shed1 
relieved her2 and then calmly she prayed
 aloud for strength to go through the   
task which she had undertaken4 ,the room
 was hot and oppressive2 but she opened 

the window1 and the sweet air came in1  
fresh and reviving from the garden      
below4 ,she bathed her uncle's temples  
with aromatic waters1 and poured into   
his mouth a few drops of medicine4 ,he  
opened his eyes1 and turned faintly on  
his pallet1 but sank back1 as though    
exhausted4 ,again he stretched out his  
hand1 as if in search for something1    
which failing to find he moaned heavily4
 ,giulietta perceived at once that      
parching thirst was consuming him4 ,from
 the balcony a flight of steps led to   
the garden2 she flew down them to the   
fountain1 whose pure1 cold water made   
the shadow of the surrounding acacias   
musical as ever4 ,she returned with a   
full pitcher2 and the eagerness with    
which the patient drank told how much   
that draught had been desired4 ,the     
cardinal raised his head1 but was quite 
unconscious2 and all that long and      
fearful night had ,giulietta to listen  
to the melancholy complainings of       
delirium4  ,the next day1 she went to   

meet the gardener1 who had waited1      
though1 as he owned1 in hopelessness of 
her coming4 ,how forcibly the sense of  
the city's desolation rose before       
,giulietta1 when she remembered that her
 ignorance of the hour proceeded from   
there being no one now to wind up the   
church-clocks6 ,again she returned to   
the unconscious sufferer2 but little    
needs it to dwell on the anxiety or the 
exertion in which the next three days   
were passed4 ,on the early morning of   
the last1 as she watched over her       
uncle's pillow1 she perceived that there
 was a slight moisture on his skin1 and 
that his sleep was sound and untroubled4
 ,his slumbers were long and refreshing2
 and when he awoke it was with perfect  
consciousness4 ,dreading the effect of  
agitation1 ,giulietta drew her veil over
 her face1 and to his inquiry of was any
 one there8 she answered in a low and   
feigned voice4  ,i am faint and want    
food2 but who1 daughter1 are you1 who   
thus venture into the chamber of        

sickness and death8  ,a stranger2 but   
one whose vow is atonement4  ,giulietta6
 exclaimed the cardinal1 and the next   
moment she was at his side2 and both    
wept the sweetest tears ever shed by    
affection and forgiveness4 ,eagerly she 
prepared for him a small portion of     
food1 and then1 exerting the authority  
of a nurse1 forbade all further         
discourse1 and1 soon exhausted1 he slept
 again4  ,the cool shadows of the coming
 evening fell on the casement1 when     
,giulietta first ventured to propose    
that she should send a letter by the    
gardener to ,lorenzo1 and desire that a 
litter might be sent to convey her uncle
 to their villa4  ,my sweet child1 do   
with me as you will1 said the cardinal2 
take me even to the house of a ,carrara4
  ,and nowhere could you be so welcome1 
said a stranger entering1 and           
,giulietta1 springing from her knees1   
found herself in the arms of her        
husband4 ,i knew1 ,giulietta1 ,i should 
find you here1 though your letter told  

me but of prayer and pilgrimage4  ,and  
what now remains to be told8 ,the       
cardinal accompanied them to the villa1 
where his recovery was rapid and        
complete3 and the deep love which he    
witnessed in that youthful pair made him
 truly feel how great had been          
,giulietta's devotion to himself4 ,the  
plague had done its worst in ,genoa2 and
 men were enabled to return to their    
habits1 their occupations1 and their    
duties1 things ever inseparably         
connected4 ,the cardinal from that hour 
treated ,lorenzo da ,carrara as a son2  
and their family union was happy as     
self-sacrifice and enduring affection   
could make it4 ,in the picture-gallery1 
there is still preserved a portrait of  
the countess in her novice's garb2 her  
cheek pale1 her graceful form hidden by 
the black serge robe1 and her beautiful 
hair put out of sight2 and the count1   
her husband1 used to say that she never 
looked more lovely4         99       99 
99       99       99    ,,the ,,public  

,,journals4         99       99       99
       99       99   ,,elegy ,,for ,,the
 ,,king ,,of ,,the ,,gipsies1 ,,charles 
,,lee1  ,who died in a tent near ,lewes1
 ,august #af1 #ahcb1 aged #gd4 ,he was  
buried in ,st4 ,ann's ,churchyard1 in   
presence of a thousand spectators4      
,hurrah6--hurrah6--pile up the mould3   
,the ,sun will gild its sod3--   ,the   
,sun1--for threescore years and ten     
,the ,gipsy's idol ,god6--   ,o'er field
 and fen1--by waste and wild1     ,he   
watch'd its glories rise1   ,to worship 
at that gorgeous shrine     ,the spirit 
of the skies4    ,no brick-built        
dwelling caged him in2     ,no lordly   
roof of stone2--   ,high o'er his couch 
the vault of ,heaven     ,in star-bright
 splendour shone6   ,the rustling leaves
 still murmur'd there2     ,the rambling
 woodbine flower   ,its twilight breath1
 exhal'd to cheer     ,the outcast's    
desert bower6    ,to him the forest's   
pathless depths     ,their mossiest     
caves reveal'd2   ,to him1 fair         

,nature's hand bequeath'd     ,her      
fruits of flood and field2--   ,the     
flower1--the root1--the beast1--the     
bird1--     ,all living things1 design'd
   ,to feed the craving1 or delight     
,the gaze of human kind6    ,the        
pencill'd wood-flower1 fair and frail1--
     ,the squirrel's cunning nest1--    
,the granite throne1 with lichens wild1 
,in broidered vesture drest2--   ,sweet 
violets bedded in their leaves1     ,the
 first soft pledge of ,spring2--   ,such
 were the gifts by ,heaven's own hand   
,shed on the ,gipsy ,king6--    ,the    
snow-drop glistening in the wood1       
,the crowsfoot on the lea1   ,their gold
 and silver coin pour'd forth     ,to   
store his treasury2   ,the springy moss1
 by fairies spread1     ,his velvet     
footcloth made2   ,his canopy shot up   
amid     ,the lime-tree's emerald shade4
    ,buck1--pheasant1--hare1--some      
lordly park     ,still yielded to his   
feast2   ,and firing for his winter     
warmth1     ,and forage for his beast4  

,happier than herald-blazoned ,kings1   
,the monarch of the moor2--   ,he levied
 taxes from the rich1--     ,they wring 
them from the poor6    ,with glow-worm  
lamp1 and incense cull'd     ,fresh from
 the bean-fields breath2   ,and matin   
lark1--and vesper thrush1     ,and      
honey-hoarded heath2--   ,a throne      
beneath the forest-boughs1     ,fann'd  
by the wild bird's wing2   ,of all the  
potentates on earth1     ,hail to the   
,,gipsy ,,king6  ,tait's ,edinburgh     
,magazine4         99       99       99 
99       99   ,,american ,,prison       
,,discipline4  7,by the clever          
,schoolmaster in ,newgate--,see         
,fraser's ,magazine47   ,it appears1    
from the testimony of ,captain ,basil   
,hall1 ,r4,n4 that perfect as he        
describes the ,american prison          
discipline to be1 yet there is a        
gradually increasing culprit population 
growing up in ,america1 of which the    
legislation cannot rid the country4     
,these men1 who may almost be called the

 penitentiary population1 run the round 
just as ,i have observed with respect to
 the ,bridewell at ,edinburgh2 the same 
men come and go1 round and round again4 
,well1 then1 nothing is accomplished in 
the way of reform1 even under this      
lauded plan1 which aims at the twofold  
object of efficient punishment and      
reformation1 by enforcing reflection4   
,their error1 and consequent failure in 
producing the good they expected1 ,i    
conceive arises from their having       
neglected to adopt any plan for the     
improvement of the prisoners when they  
have separated them4 ,they work1 it     
seems1 every day for years in silence1  
without intermission1 except the time   
allowed for meals1 which are always     
taken in solitude4 ,the ,bible is the   
only book allowed them--no paper nor    
pens3 and this is called giving them    
habits of industry4 ,i should say       
nothing can be more calculated to       
disgust them with every description of  
work all the rest of their days4 ,if you

 can beget habits of industry1 with a   
proportionate improvement of the mind1  
and an increased sense of the moral     
duties1 which will bring right notions  
of meum and tuum1 then habits of        
industry are of the utmost importance to
 the prisoner2 as through these habits  
only can he obtain his bread1 when      
brought to that state of mind which     
makes him prefer honesty to roguery4    
,this can only be brought about by      
reflection1 it is true2 but ,i am afraid
 the term reflection1 as here applied1  
is used in a very abstract sense4 ,if it
 is meant the culprit should reflect on 
his having done wrong1 ,i answer this he
 always does1 under any punishment1     
however slight3 he cannot but be aware  
of the cause which places him under     
coercion1 and regret it4 ,this kind of  
reflection only makes him more sorry for
 having been detected in his crime1 than
 for having committed it4 ,to reflect   
with advantage in solitude1 there must  
be some materials stored in the mind2 or

 books must be read to furnish these    
materials3 if these be supplied1 however
 unwilling a being may be to reflect1 no
 mind will be long able to resist the   
temptation of mental employment1 if in  
continual solitude4 ,but if a mind1     
totally void of sources of reflection1  
be shut up in a cell for years1 or even 
for months1 what can be expected but    
that every day will stultify its powers1
 and at last render it callous and      
unimpressable2 or in the end imbecile1  
and so weak as to be irresponsible for  
its own acts6 ,the ,americans do1 it    
seems1 in their solitary penitentiaries1
 teach those to read who cannot under   
twenty-five years of age2 and then they 
leave them4         99       99       99
       99       99    ,,retrospective   
,,gleanings4         99       99        
99       99       99   ,,the            
,,stationers' ,,company4   ,it appears1 
from the most authentic records1 that   
the company of stationers1 or           
text-writers1 who wrote and sold all    

sorts of books1 formerly in use--namely1
 the ,a4,b4,c41 with the ,paternoster1  
,ave1 ,creed1 ,grace1 c4 to large       
portions of the ,bible1 and even to the 
whole ,bible itself1 dwelt in and about 
,paternoster ,row4 ,hence we have in    
that neighbourhood1 ,creed ,lane1 ,amen 
,corner1 ,ave ,maria ,lane1 c41 all     
which places are named after some       
scriptural allusion4 ,here dwelt also   
turners of beads1 who were called       
,paternoster-makers1 as we read in a    
record of one ,robert ,nikke1           
,paternoster-maker and ,citizen1 in the 
reign of ,henry ,,iv4 ,the company of   
stationers is of great antiquity4 ,by   
the authority of the lord mayor and     
court of aldermen1 they formed into a   
guild1 or fraternity1 in the year #adjc1
 and had their ordinances made for the  
good government of their fellowship4    
,thus constituted1 they regularly       
assembled1 under the government of a    
master and two wardens4 ,their first    
hall was in ,milk-street4  ,h4,b4,a4    

99       99       99       99       99  
,,titles4     ,princes have but their   
titles for their glories1   ,an outward 
honour for an inward toil2   ,and1 for  
unfelt imaginations1   ,they often feel 
a world of restless cares2   ,so that1  
between their titles and low name1      
,there's nothing differs but the outward
 fame4  ,,shakspeare4  ,the ,romans gave
 the titles of ,africanus1 ,asiaticus1  
,macedonicus1 ,numidicus1 ,parthicus1   
c41 in memory of the victories obtained 
over the people of those countries4 ,the
 ,emperor of ,china1 among his titles1  
takes that of ,tiensu1 son of ,heaven4  
,the ,orientals are extremely fond of   
titles3 the simple ,governor of         
,schiraz1 for instance1 after a pompous 
enumeration of qualities1 lordships1 c41
 adds the titles of ,flower of          
,courtesy1 ,nutmeg of ,consolation1 and 
,rose of ,delight4  ,the ,king of       
,spain1 after the old ,roman manner1 has
 a whole page of titles1 to express the 
several kingdoms and signories of which 

he is master4 ,henry ,,iv4 of ,england  
had the title of ,grace conferred on    
him2 ,henry ,,vi4 that of ,excellent    
,grace2 ,edward ,,iv4 that of ,high and 
,mighty ,prince2 ,henry ,,vii4          
,highness2 ,henry ,,viii4 ,majesty1 7and
 was the first and last that was styled1
 ,dread ,sovereign27 and ,james ,i4 that
 of ,sacred1 or1 ,most ,excellent       
,majesty4  ,that of ,majesty was first  
given to ,louis ,,xi4 of ,france2       
before1 it was the title only of        
emperors4 ,the ,kings of ,arragon1      
,castile1 and ,portugal1 had the title  
only of ,highness2 those of ,england1   
,your ,grace2 those of ,france1 ,your   
,despotism4  ,p4,t4,w4         99       
99       99       99       99    ,,the  
,,gatherer4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,hood's ,comic      
,annual for #ahcc4--,mr4 ,hood's        
announcement of his forthcoming volume  
is in the very vein of the work itself4 
,he writes to his publisher3--,the      
report of my death1 ,i can assure you is

 premature1 but ,i am equally obliged to
 you for your tribute of putting up     
shutters and wearing a crape hatband4 ,i
 suspect your friend and informant1 ,mr4
 ,livingstone--7it should be            
,gravestone7--drew his inference from a 
dark passage in ,miss ,sheridan's       
,preface which states that1 'of the     
three ,comic ,annuals which started at  
the same time1 the ,comic ,offering     
alone remains4' ,the two defuncts       
therein referred to are the ',falstaff' 
and ',the ,humorist1' which ,i          
understand have put an end to           
themselves4  ,if you should still       
entertain any doubts1 you will shortly  
have ten thousand impressions to the    
contrary2 for ,i intend to contradict my
 demys by fresh octavos4 ,the ,comic    
,annual for #ahcc1 with its usual       
complement of plates--mind1 not         
coffin-plates--to appear as heretofore1 
in ,november1 will give the lie1 ,i     
trust1 not merely to my departure1 but  
even to anything like a serious illness3

 and a novel1 about the same time1 will 
help to prove that ,i am not in a state 
of de-composition4  ,i should have      
relieved your joint anxieties some days 
earlier1 but till ,i met ,mr4           
,livingstone1 at ,bury1 ,i was really   
not alive to my death4         99       
99       99       99       99  ,cartoons
 at ,hampton ,court4#ad--;,i mentioned  
in my last1 that ,i had formed an       
acquaintance with ,holloway1 who has    
been sometime occupied in copying in    
black chalks the ,cartoons of ,raphael  
in this palace4 ,it will be a           
magnificent work1 and admirably         
executed1 for he finishes them as highly
 as a miniature2 his chalk-pencils are  
of a superior quality1 and he cuts them 
to the finest point3 but he says they   
will only serve to work with on vellum1 
or on fine skin4 ,he is an eccentric    
genius1 deeply read in ,scripture       
history1 which he expounds in the most  
methodistical tone2 but it is very      
delightful and instructive to listen to 

his observations on the beauties and    
merits of these masterpieces of         
,raphael4 ,a ,madame ,bouiller1 an      
interesting ,french emigrant is also    
occupied on the same subjects4 ,she is  
patronized by ,west1 who has given her  
permission to study here2 and says that 
he never saw such masterly artist       
touches of the crayon as hers4 ,her     
style is large heads1 after the size and
 manner of the ,french2 therefore the   
figures in the ,cartoons are            
particularly adapted for her pencil4    
#ad ,from the ,private ,correspondence  
of a ,woman of ,fashion4  ,i found poor 
,holloway this morning foaming with rage
 in the ,cartoon ,gallery4 ,some person 
has written against the ,cartoons1      
denominating them washed daubs4 ,no     
doubt it is either the pen of envy and  
malignity1 or of ignorance3 n'importe1  
it has wounded the feelings of a        
superior artist and a good man1 who     
worships with religious enthusiasm those
 works of ,raphael1 and who has spent so

 many years in perfecting his engravings
 of them4 ,it was a grotesque scene to  
behold ,madame ,bouiller pacing after   
,holloway up and down the gallery1 with 
all the grimaces and vivacity of a      
,frenchwoman1 and re-echoing his furious
 lamentations4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,edinburgh 7by    
,mr4 ,cobbett74--,i thought that        
,bristol1 taking in its heights and     
,clifton1 and its rocks and its river1  
was the finest city in the world2 but   
,edinburgh1 with its castle1 its hills1 
its pretty little sea-port1 conveniently
 detached from it1 its vale of rich land
 lying all around1 its lofty hills in   
the back ground1 its views across the   
,frith2--,i think little of its streets 
and rows of fine houses1 though all     
built of stone1 and though everything in
 ,london and ,bath is beggary to these2 
,i think nothing of ,holyrood ,house2   
but ,i think a great deal of the fine   
and well-ordered streets of shops--of   
the regularity which you perceive       

everywhere in the management of         
business2 and ,i think still more of the
 absence of all that foppishness1 and   
that affectation of carelessness1 and   
that insolent assumption of superiority1
 that you see in almost all the young   
men that you meet with in the           
fashionable parts of the great towns in 
,england4 ,i was not disappointed2 for  
,i expected to find ,edinburgh the      
finest city in the kingdom4             
,conversations at ,newcastle1 and with  
many ,scotch gentlemen for years past1  
had prepared me for this2 but still the 
reality has greatly surpassed every idea
 that ,i had formed about it4 ,the      
people1 however1 still exceed the place3
 here all is civility2 you do not meet  
with rudeness1 or even with the want of 
a disposition to oblige1 even in persons
 in the lowest state of life4 ,a friend 
took me round the environs of the city2 
he had a turnpike ticket1 received at   
the first gate1 which cleared five or   
six gates4 ,it was sufficient for him to

 tell the future gatekeepers that he had
 it4 ,when ,i saw that1 ,i said to      
myself1 ,nota bene3 ,gate-keepers take  
people's word in ,scotland--a thing that
 ,i have not seen before since ,i left  
,long ,island4         99       99      
99       99       99  ,king ,john--died 
at ,swinshead ,abbey1 in ,lincolnshire2 
his body was interred at ,worcester2 his
 bowels in ,croxton ,abbey ,church1 in  
,leicestershire1 the abbot being his    
physician2 and his heart at ,croxden1 in
 ,staffordshire4 ,perhaps the most      
precious portion of his relics would be 
the hand that signed ,magna ,charta4    
7,see page #bgi47         99       99   
99       99       99  ,the ,river       
,dove4--,the fertility of the land on   
the upper parts of this river has always
 been proverbial3 as rich as ,dove being
 applied to any spot highly forced4 ,the
 land has a perpetual verdure1 and the  
spring-floods of the river are very     
gratifying to the land-occupiers1 who   
have this proverb--    ,in ,april1      

,dove's flood   ,is worth a king's good4
  ,it is also said of ,dove's banks in  
spring1 that a stick laid down there    
over-night shall not be found next      
morning for grass4         99       99  
99       99       99  ,st4 ,hellen's    
,well1 near ,rushton ,spencer1 in       
,staffordshire1 is remarkable in        
superstitious history1 for some singular
 qualities4 ,it sometimes becomes       
suddenly dry1 after a constant discharge
 of water for eight or ten years4 ,this 
happens as well in wet as in dry        
seasons1 and always at the beginning of 
,may1 when the springs are commonly     
esteemed highest2 and so it usually     
continues till ,martinmas1 ,november    
#ab1 following4 ,the people formerly    
imagined1 that when this happened there 
would soon follow some stupendous       
calamity of famine1 war1 or some other  
national disaster1 or change4 ,it is    
said that it grew dry before the civil  
war1 and again before the beheading of  
,charles ,i42 against the great scarcity

 of corn in #afgj2 and in #afgi1 when   
the miscalled ,popish plot was          
discovered2 but we do not hear that ,st4
 ,hellen's ,well withheld its supplies  
previous to1 or upon1 the breaking out  
of the last calamitous war4         99  
99       99       99       99           
,prodigious ,elm4--,at ,field1 adjoining
 ,rushton ,spencer1 grew a prodigious   
witch elm1 which was felled in #afhj4   
,two able workmen were five days in     
stocking or felling it4 ,it was #abj    
feet in length2 at the butt-end it was  
seven yards in circumference2 its girth 
was #be-a_/b feet in the middle4        
,fourteen loads of firewood1 as much as 
six oxen could draw1 broke off in the   
fall2 there were #dg loads more         
fire-wood cut from the top2 they were   
compelled to fasten two saws together1  
and put three men to each end1 to cut   
the body of it asunder4 ,out of this    
tree were cut #hj pairs of naves for    
carriage-wheels1 and #h1jjj feet of sawn
 timber in boards and planks1 at six    

score per cent4--which1 for the sawing  
only1 as the price of labour then was1  
came to the sum of #abl4         99     
99       99       99       99           
,newcastle-under-,line4--,the right of  
election in this borough has been       
several times the subject of            
parliamentary investigation4 ,at the    
last inquiry1 the greater part of the   
borough appeared to be the property of  
the ,marquess of ,stafford2 and it was  
found customary for the burgesses to    
live ten1 fifteen1 and even twenty years
 in the houses1 without payment of rent6
         99       99       99       99  
99  ,monument to a ,faithful            
,servant4--,in the church of ,king's    
,swinford1 ,staffordshire1 is a plain   
stone1 erected by ,joseph ,scott1 ,esq41
 and his wife1 in memory of ,elizabeth  
,harrison1 who had been thirty years in 
their service1 and had conducted herself
 with such integrity1 and anxiety for   
her master's interest1 as drew from him 
the following epitaph3    ,while        

flattering praises from oblivion save1  
,the rich1 and splendour decorates the  
grave1   ,let this plain stone1 ,o      
,harrison1 proclaim   ,thy humble       
fortune and thy honest fame4   ,in work 
unwearied1 labour knew no end--   ,in   
all things faithful1 everywhere a       
friend2   ,herself forgot1 she toiled   
with generous zeal1   ,and knew no      
interest but her master's weal4         
',midst the rude storms that shook his  
ev'ning day1   ,no wealth could bribe   
her1 and no power dismay2   ,her        
patrons' love she dwelt on e'en in      
death1   ,and dying1 blest them with her
 latest breath4  ,she departed this life
 ,june #ai1 #agig4 ,aged #ej years4     
,farewell1 thou best of servants--may   
the tear   ,that sorrow trickled o'er   
thy parting bier1   ,prove to thy happy 
shade our fond regard1   ,and all thy   
virtues find their full reward4         
99       99       99       99       99  
999999 ,mr4 ,warwick1 on the ,ostrich1  
in our next4         99       99        

99       99       99  ,printed and      
published by ,j4 ,,limbird1 #adc1       
,strand1 7near ,somerset ,house17       
,london2 sold by ,g4,g4 ,,bennis1 #ee1  
,rue ,neuve1 ,st4 ,augustin1 ,paris2 and
 by all ,newsmen and ,booksellers4