,big ,dummy's ,guide ,to ,! ,int]net 7,c7#aiic1 #aiid by ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation ,,eff 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999 ,copyright #aiic1 #aiid ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation1 all rights res]v$4 ,r$i/ribution1 exc]pt+1 republication1 copy+1 ar*iv+1 & repo/+ are p]mitt$1 provid$ t ! "w is n sold = pr(it1 t ,,eff contact in=mation1 copyright notice1 & di/ribution in=mation rema9s intact1 & t ! "w is n qualitatively modifi$ 7translation1 re=matt+1 & exc]pt+ expressly p]mitt$ h[ev] - feel free to produce v]sions ( ! ,guide = use ) typesett+1 hyp]text1 display1 etc4 applications1 b please d n *ange ! text o!r ?an to translate x to ano!r language4 ,exc]pts %\ld be cr$it$ & foll[ /&>d fair use doctr9e47 ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation1 #ajja ,g ,/4 ,,nw1 ,suite #iej ,e1 ,wa%+ton ,,dc #bjjja ,,usa1 #a #bjb #cdg #edjj 7voice7 #cic #eeji 7fax47 ,basic info3 infoeff4org2 ,g5]al & ,guide relat$ qu]ies3 askeff4org4 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999 ,big ,dummy's ,guide to ! ,int]net1 v4#b4b copyright ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation #aiic1 #aiid ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,=eword by ,mit*ell ,kapor1 co-f\nd]1 ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation4 ,preface by ,adam ,gaff91 s5ior writ]1 ,network ,_w4 ,*apt] #a3 ,sett+ up & jack+ 9 #a4a ,ready1 set444 #a4b ,g6 #a4c ,public-access ,int]net provid]s #a4d ,if y\r t[n doesn't h direct access #a4e ,net orig9s #a4f ,h[ x works #a4g ,:5 ?+s g wrong #a4h ,,fyi ,*apt] #b3 ,e-mail #b4a4 ,! basics #b4b ,elm -- a bett] way #b4c ,p9e -- ev5 bett] ?an ,elm #b4d ,smileys #b4e ,s5d+ e-mail to o!r networks #b4f ,sev5 ,unix comm&s y c't live )\t ,*apt] #c3 ,us5et ,i #c4a ,! global wat]+ hole #c4b ,navigat+ ,us5et ) nn #c4c nn comm&s #c4d ,us+ rn #c4e rn comm&s #c4f ,ess5tial newsgr\ps #c4g ,speak+ up #c4h ,cross-po/+ ,*apt] #d3 ,us5et ,,ii #d4a ,flame1 bla!r & spew #d4b ,killfiles1 ! cure = :at ails y #d4c ,"s ,us5et h9ts #d4d ,! ,bra9-,tumor ,boy1 ! modem tax & ! *a9 lett] #d4e ,big ,sig #d4f ,! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t z local ord9ance #d4g ,us5et hi/ory #d4h ,:5 ?+s g wrong #d4i ,,fyi ,*apt] #e3 ,mail+ li/s & ,bitnet #e4a ,int]net mail+ li/s #e4b ,bitnet ,*apt] #f3 ,telnet #f4a ,m9+ ! ,net #f4b ,libr>y catalogs #f4c ,"s int]e/+ telnet sites #f4d ,telnet bullet9-bo>d sy/ems #f4e ,putt+ ! f+] on someone #f4f ,f9d+ someone on ! ,net #f4g ,:5 ?+s g wrong #f4h ,,fyi ,*apt] #g3 ,,ftp #g4a ,tons ( files #g4b ,y\r fri5d ar*ie #g4c ,gett+ ! files #g4d ,odd lett]s -- decod+ file end+s #g4e ,! keybo>d cabal #g4f ,"s int]e/+ ftp sites #g4g ncftp -- n[ y tell me6 #g4h ,project ,gut5b]g -- electronic books #g4i ,:5 ?+s g wrong #g4aj ,,fyi ,*apt] #h3 ,goph]s1 ,w,a,i,ss & ! ,_w-,wide ,web #h4a ,goph]s #h4b ,burr[+ deep] #h4c ,goph] comm&s #h4d ,"s int]e/+ goph]s #h4e ,wide-,area ,in=mation ,s]v]s #h4f ,! ,_w-,wide ,web #h4g ,cli5ts1 or h[ to sn>e m on ! ,web #h4h ,:5 ?+s g wrong #h4i ,,fyi ,*apt] #i3 ,advanc$ ,e-mail #i4a ,! file's 9 ! mail #i4b ,receiv+ files #i4c ,s5d+ files to non-,int]net sites #i4d ,gett+ ftp files via e-mail #i4e ,! all kn[+ ,oracle ,*apt] #aj3 ,news ( ! _w #aj4a ,cl>9et3 ,,upi1 ,dave ,b>ry & ,dilb]t #aj4b ,reut]s #aj4c ,,usa ,today #aj4d ,national ,public ,radio #aj4e ,! ,_w ,today3 ,f ,bel>us to ,brazil #aj4f ,e-mail+ news organizations #aj4g ,,fyi ,*apt] #aa3 ,,irc1 ,m,u,ds & o!r ?+s t are m fun ?an !y s\nd #aa4a ,talk #aa4b ,int]net ,relay ,*at #aa4c ,,irc comm&s #aa4d ,,irc 9 times ( crisis #aa4e ,m,u,ds #aa4f ,g1 g1 g 7& *ess1 too76 #aa4g ,! o!r side ( ! co9 #aa4h ,,fyi ,*apt] #ab3 ,education & ! ,net #ab4a ,! ,net 9 ! ,classroom #ab4b ,"s specific res\rces = /ud5ts & tea*]s #ab4c ,us5et & ,bitnet 9 ! classroom ,*apt] #ac3 ,bus9ess on ! ,net #ac4a ,sett+ up %op #ac4b ,,fyi ,*apt] #ad3 ,conclusion -- ,! end8 ,app5dix ,a3 ,l+o ,app5dix ,b3 ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation ,in=mation ,=eword ,by ,mit*ell ,kapor1 ,co-f\nd]1 ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation4 ,welcome to ! ,_w ( ! ,int]net ,! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation 7,,eff7 is pr\d to h sponsor$ ! production ( ! ,big ,dummy's ,guide to ! ,int]net4 ,,eff is a nonpr(it organization bas$ 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 d$icat$ to ensur+ t ev]yone has access to ! newly em]g+ communications te*nologies vital to active p>ticipation 9 ! ev5ts ( our _w4 ,z m & m in=mation is available onl9e1 new doors op5 up = ^? :o h access to t in=mation4 ,un=tunately1 unless access is broadly enc\rag$1 individuals c be dis5fran*is$ & doors c close1 z well4 ,! ,big ,dummy's ,guide to ! ,int]net 0 writt5 to help op5 "s doors to ! va/ am\nts ( in=mation available on ! _w's l>ge/ network1 ! ,int]net4 ,! sp>k = ! ,big ,dummy's ,guide to ! ,int]net 0 ignit$ 9 a few in=mal conv]sations t includ$ myself & ,/eve ,cisl] ( ,apple ,comput]1 ,inc41 9 ,june ( #aiia4 ,) ! support ( ,apple ,comput]1 ,,eff engag$ ,adam ,gaff9 to write ! book & actually took on ! project 9 ,septemb] ( #aiia4 ,! idea 0 to write a guide to ! ,int]net = p :o _h little or no exp]i5ce ) network communications4 ,we int5d$ to po/ ?is guide to ! ,net 9 ,,ascii & ,hyper,card =mats & to give x away on disk1 z well z h a pr9t edition available4 ,we h m ?an realiz$ our goal4 ,individuals f z geographically f> away z ,g]many1 ,italy1 ,canada1 ,s\? ,africa1 ,japan1 ,scotl&1 ,norway1 & ,ant>ctica h all s5t electronic mail to say t !y d[nload$ ! ,big ,dummy's ,guide to ! ,int]net4 ,! guide is n[ available 9 a wide array ( =mats1 includ+ ,,acscii text1 ,hyper,card1 ,_w ,wide ,web1 ,post,script & ,amiga,guide4 ,& ! guide w be publi%$ 9 a pr9t$ =mat by ,,mit ,press 9 ,june ( #aiid4 ,,eff w\ld l to ?ank au?or ,adam ,gaff9 = do+ a t]rific job ( expla9+ ! ,net 9 su* a non?reat5+ way4 ,we'd also l to ?ank ! folks at ,apple1 especially ,/eve ,cisl] ( ! ,apple ,libr>y1 = _! support ( our ef=ts to br+ ?is guide to y4 ,we invite y to jo9 ) ,,eff 9 our fight to ensure t equal access to ! networks & free spee* are protect$ 9 newly em]g+ te*nologies4 ,we are a memb]%ip organization1 & ?r\gh donations l y\rs1 we c cont9ue to sponsor important projects to make communications easi]4 ,in=mation ab\t ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation & "s ( ! "w t we d c be f\nd at ! end ( ?is book4 ,we hope t ! ,big ,dummy's ,guide to ! ,int]net helps y le>n ab\t :ole new worlds1 :]e new fri5ds & exp]i5ces are sure to be y\rs4 ,enjoy6 ,mit* ,kapor ,*airman ( ! ,bo>d ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation mkaporeff4org ,= comm5ts1 que/ions1 or reque/s reg>d+ ,,eff or ! ,big ,dummy's ,guide to ! ,int]net1 s5d a note to askeff4org4 ,preface ,by ,adam ,gaff91 ,s5ior ,writ]1 ,network ,_w1 ,fram+ham1 ,mass4 ,welcome to ! ,int]net6 ,y're ab\t to />t a j\rney ?r\gh a unique l& )\t fronti]s1 a place t is ev]y:]e at once -- ev5 ?\gh x exi/s physically only z a s]ies ( electrical impulses4 ,y'll be jo9+ a gr[+ community ( millions ( p ar\nd ! _w :o use ?is global res\rce on a daily basis4 ,) ?is book1 y w be able to use ! ,int]net to3 ,/ay 9 t\* ) fri5ds1 relatives & colleagues ar\nd ! _w1 at a fraction ( ! co/ ( phone calls or ev5 air mail4 ,discuss ev]y?+ f ar*aeology to zoology ) p 9 sev]al diff]5t languages4 ,tap into ?\s&s ( in=mation databases & libr>ies worldwide4 ,retrieve any ( ?\s&s ( docum5ts1 j\rnals1 books & comput] programs4 ,/ay up to date ) wire-s]vice news & sports & ) (ficial wea!r reports4 ,play live1 real "t games ) doz5s ( o!r p at once4 ,connect+ to ! ,net today1 takes some?+ ( a s5se ( adv5ture1 a will+ness to le>n & an ability to take a deep brea? e once 9 a:ile4 ,visit+ ! ,net today is a lot l j\rney+ to a =eign c\ntry4 ,!re are s _m ?+s to see & d1 b ev]y?+ at fir/ w seem s1 well1 =eign4 ,:5 y fir/ arrive1 y won't be able to read ! /reet signs4 ,y'll get lo/4 ,if y're unlucky1 y may ev5 run into "s locals :o'd j z soon y w5t back to :]e y came f4 ,if ?is w]5't en\gh1 ! entire c\ntry is con/antly "u con/ruction2 e day1 x seems l !re's some?+ new = y to figure out4 ,=tunately1 mo/ ( ! locals are actually fri5dly4 ,9 fact1 ! ,net actually has a ri* tradition ( help+ out visitors & newcom]s4 ,until v rec5tly1 !re 7 few writt5 guides = ord9>y p1 & ! ,net grew l>gely ?r\gh an oral tradition 9 :i* ! old- tim]s help$ ! newcom]s4 ,s :5 y connect1 don't be afraid to ask = help4 ,y'll be surpris$ at h[ _m p w l5d a h&6 ,)\t su* folks1 9 fact1 ?is guide w\ld n be possible4 ,my ?anks to all ! p :o h writt5 ) sugge/ion1 additions & corrections s9ce ! ,big ,dummy's ,guide fir/ appe>$ on ! ,int]net 9 #aiic4 ,special ?anks g to my lov+ wife ,nancy4 ,i w\ld also l to ?ank ! foll[+ p1 :o1 :e!r !y "k x or n1 provid$ p>ticul> help4 ,rhonda ,*apman1 ,jim ,cocks1 ,tom ,cz>nik1 ,*ri/oph] ,davis1 ,david ,de,simone1 ,jeanne de,voto1 ,phil ,es*alli]1 ,nico ,g>cia1 ,joe ,granrose1 ,jo]g ,heitkoett]1 ,joe ,ilacqua1 ,jona?an ,kam5s1 ,pet] ,kam9ski1 ,?omas ,a4 ,kreeg]1 ,/anton ,mc,candlish1 ,leanne ,phillips1 ,nancy ,reynolds1 ,hel5 ,trillian ,rose1 ,b>ry ,%e91 ,j5nif] ,moira ,smi?1 ,g]>d van d] ,leun & ,scott ,yan(f4 ,if y h any sugge/ions or comm5ts on h[ to make ?is guide bett]1 ,i'd love to he> !m4 ,y c rea* me via e-mail at adamg_w4/d4com4 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 ,febru>y1 #aiid4 ,*apt] #a3 ,,sett+ ,,up ,,& ,,jack+ ,,9 #a4a ,,ready1 ,,set 444 ,! _w is j a phone call away4 ,) a comput] & modem1 y'll be able to connect to ! ,int]net1 ! _w's l>ge/ comput] network 7& if y're lucky1 y won't ev5 ne$ ! modem2 _m colleges & companies n[ give _! /ud5ts or employees direct access to ! ,int]net74 ,! phone l9e c be y\r exi/+ voice l9e -- j rememb] t if y h any ext5sions1 y 7& ev]ybody else 9 ! h\se or (fice7 won't be able to use !m = voice calls :ile y are connect$ to ! ,net4 ,a modem is a sort ( translator betwe5 comput]s & ! phone sy/em4 ,x's ne$$ because comput]s & ! phone sy/em process & transmit data1 or in=mation1 9 two diff]5t1 & incompatible ways4 ,comput]s talk digitally2 t is1 !y /ore & process in=mation z a s]ies ( discrete numb]s4 ,! phone network relies on analog signals1 :i* on an oscilloscope w\ld look l a s]ies ( waves4 ,:5 y\r comput] is ready to transmit data to ano!r comput] ov] a phone l9e1 y\r modem conv]ts ! comput] numb]s into ^! waves 7:i* s\nd l a lot ( scree*+7 -- x modulates !m4 ,9 turn1 :5 in=mation waves come into y\r modem1 x conv]ts !m into numb]s y\r comput] c process1 by demodulat+ !m4 ,increas+ly1 comput]s come ) modems already in/all$4 ,if y\rs didn't1 y'll h to decide :at spe$ modem to get4 ,modem spe$s are judg$ 9 bps rate or bits p] second4 ,"o bps means ! modem c transf] r\ghly "o bit p] second2 ! great] ! bps rate1 ! m quickly a modem c s5d & receive in=mation4 ,a lett] or "* is made up ( eight bits4 ,y c n[ buy a #bdjj-;bps modem = well "u #fj -- & mo/ n[ come ) ! ability to h&le fax messages z well4 ,at prices t n[ />t ar\nd #aej1 y c buy a modem t c transf] data at #ad1djj bps 7& (t5 ev5 fa/]1 us+ special compression te*niques74 ,if y ?9k y might be us+ ! ,net to transf] l>ge numb]s ( files1 a fa/] modem is always wor? ! price4 ,x w dramatically r$uce ! am\nt ( "t y\r modem or comput] is ti$ up transf]r+ files &1 if y are pay+ = ,net access by ! h\r1 w save y q a bit 9 onl9e *>ges4 ,l ! comput] to :i* x atta*es1 a modem is useless )\t s(tw>e to tell x h[ to "w4 ,mo/ modems today come ) easy-to-in/all s(tw>e4 ,try ! program out4 ,if y f9d x difficult to use or und]/&1 consid] a trip to ! local s(tw>e /ore to f9d a bett] program4 ,y c sp5d sev]al hundr$ doll>s on a communications program1 b unless y h v specializ$ ne$s1 ?is w be a wa/e ( money1 z !re are a ho/ ( excell5t programs available = ar\nd #ajj or less4 ,among ! basic features y want to look = are a *oice ( diff]5t protocols 7m on !m 9 a bit7 = transf]r+ files to & f ! ,net & ! ability to write script or comm& files t let y automate su* /eps z logg+ into a ho/ sy/em4 ,:5 y buy a modem & ! s(tw>e1 ask ! deal] h[ to in/all & use !m4 ,try out ! s(tw>e if y c4 ,if ! deal] c't help y1 f9d ano!r deal]4 ,y'll n only save y\rself a lot ( fru/ration1 y'll also h practic$ ! prime ,int]net directive3 ,ask4 ,p ,"k4 ,to fully take advantage ( ! ,net1 y mu/ sp5d a few m9utes go+ ov] ! manuals or docum5tation t comes ) y\r s(tw>e4 ,!re are a few ?+s y %\ld pay special att5tion to3 upload+ & d[nload+2 scre5 captur+ 7sometimes call$ scre5 dump+72 logg+2 h[ to *ange protocols2 & t]m9al emulation4 ,x is also ess5tial to "k h[ to conv]t a file creat$ ) y\r ^w process+ program into ,,ascii or text =mat1 :i* w let y %>e y\r ?\ghts ) o!rs across ! ,net4 ,upload+ is ! process ( s5d+ a file f y\r comput] to a sy/em on ! ,net4 ,d[nload+ is retriev+ a file f some:]e on ! ,net to y\r comput]4 ,9 g5]al1 ?+s 9 cyb]space g up to ! ,net & come d[n to y4 ,*ances are y\r s(tw>e w come ) a *oice ( sev]al protocols to use = ^! transf]s4 ,^! protocols are sy/ems design$ to ensure t l9e noise or /atic does n cause errors t c\ld ru9 :atev] in=mation y are try+ to transf]4 ,ess5tially1 :5 us+ a protocol1 y are transf]r+ a file 9 a s]ies ( pieces4 ,aft] ea* piece is s5t or receiv$1 y\r comput] & ! ,net sy/em comp>e x4 ,if ! two pieces don't mat* exactly1 !y transf] x aga91 until !y agree t ! in=mation !y bo? h is id5tical4 ,if1 aft] sev]al tries1 ! in=mation j doesn't make x across1 y'll ei!r get an error message or y\r scre5 w freeze4 ,9 t case1 try x aga94 ,if1 aft] five tries1 y are /ill /ymi$1 some?+ is wrong ) a7 ! file2 b7 ! telephone l9e2 c7 ! sy/em y're connect$ to2 or d7 y\r own comput]4 ,f "t to "t1 y w likely see messages on ! ,net t y want to save = lat] view+ -- a recipe1 a p>ticul>ly witty rem>k1 some?+ y want to write y\r congressman ab\t1 :atev]4 ,?is is :]e scre5 captur+ & logg+ come 94 ,:5 y tell y\r communications s(tw>e to capture a scre51 x op5s a file 9 y\r comput] 7usually 9 ! same directory or fold] us$ by ! s(tw>e7 & dumps an image ( :atev] happ5s to be on y\r scre5 at ! "t4 ,logg+ works a bit diff]5tly4 ,:5 y issue a logg+ comm&1 y tell ! s(tw>e to op5 a file 7aga91 usually 9 ! same directory or fold] z us$ by ! s(tw>e7 & !n give x a "n4 ,!n1 until y turn (f ! logg+ comm&1 ev]y?+ t scrolls on y\r scre5 is copi$ into t file1 sort ( l record+ on videotape4 ,?is is useful = captur+ long docum5ts t scroll = sev]al pages -- us+ scre5 capture1 y w\ld h to repeat ! same comm& = ea* new scre54 ,t]m9al emulation is a way = y\r comput] to mimic1 or emulate1 ! way o!r comput]s put in=mation on ! scre5 & accept comm&s f a keybo>d4 ,9 g5]al1 mo/ sy/ems on ! ,net use a sy/em call$ ,,vt#ajj4 ,=tunately1 almo/ all communications programs n[ on ! m>ket support ?is sy/em z well -- make sure y\rs does4 ,y'll also h to "k ab\t protocols4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t ways = comput]s to transmit *>act]s4 ,=tunately1 !re are only two protocols t y're likely to run across3 #h-a-,n 7:i* /&s = #h bits1 #a /op bit1 no p>ity -- yikes67 & #g-a-;,e 7#g bits1 #a /op bit1 ev5 p>ity74 ,9 g5]al1 ,unix-bas$ sy/ems use #g-a-;,e1 :ile ,,ms-,,dos-bas$ sy/ems use #h-a-,n4 ,:at if y don't "k :at k9d ( sy/em y're connect+ to8 ,try "o ( ! sett+s4 ,if y get :at looks l gobbl$ygook :5 y connect1 y may ne$ ! o!r sett+4 ,if s1 y c ei!r *ange ! sett+ :ile connect$1 & !n hit ent]1 or hang up & try aga9 ) ! o!r sett+4 ,x's also possible y\r modem & ! modem at ! o!r end c't agree on ! "r bps rate4 ,if *ang+ ! protocols doesn't "w1 try us+ ano!r bps rate 7b no fa/] ?an ! "o li/$ = y\r modem74 ,don't worry1 rememb]1 y c't break any?+6 ,if some?+ looks wrong1 x probably is wrong4 ,*ange y\r sett+s & try aga94 ,no?+ is le>n$ )\t trial1 error & ef=t4 ,!re are ! basics4 ,n[ on to ! ,net6 #a4b ,,g6 ,once1 only p :o /udi$ or work$ at an in/itution directly ti$ to ! ,net c\ld connect to ! _w4 ,today1 ?\gh1 an ev]-gr[+ numb] ( public-access sy/ems provide access = ev]ybody4 ,^! sy/ems c n[ be f\nd 9 sev]al /ates1 & !re are a c\ple ( sites t c provide access across ! c\ntry4 ,!re are two basic k9ds ( ^! ho/ sy/ems4 ,! m common "o is kn[n z a ,,uucp site 7,,uucp be+ a common way to transf] in=mation among comput]s us+ ! ,unix op]at+ sy/em7 & (f]s access to int]national electronic mail & conf]5ces4 ,h[ev]1 rec5t ye>s h se5 ! gr[? ( m p[]ful sites t let y tap into ! full p[] ( ! ,net4 ,^! ,int]net sites n only give y access to electronic mail & conf]5ces b to su* s]vices z databases1 libr>ies & huge file & program collections ar\nd ! _w4 ,!y are also fa/ -- z soon z y f9i% writ+ a message1 x gets zapp$ out to its de/9ation4 ,"s sites are run by =-pr(it companies2 o!rs by non-pr(it organizations4 ,"s ( ^! public-access1 or ho/1 sy/ems1 are free ( *>ge4 ,o!rs *>ge a mon?ly or ye>ly fee = unlimit$ access4 ,& a few *>ge by ! h\r4 ,sy/ems t *>ge = access w usually let y sign up onl9e ) a cr$it c>d4 ,"s also let y set up a bill+ sy/em4 ,b co/ %\ld be only "o consid]ation 9 *oos+ a ho/ sy/em1 especially if y live 9 an area ) m ?an "o provid]4 ,mo/ sy/ems let y look ar\nd be=e y sign up4 ,:at is ! range ( ea* ( _! s]vices8 ,h[ easy is ea* to use8 ,:at k9d ( support or help c y get f ! sy/em adm9i/rators8 ,! la/ two que/ions are p>ticul>ly important because _m sy/ems provide no us] int]face at all2 :5 y connect1 y are dump$ "r into ! ,unix op]at+ sy/em4 ,if y're already famili> ) ,unix1 or y want to le>n h[ to use x1 ^! sy/ems (f] ph5om5al p[] -- 9 addition to ,net access1 mo/ also let y tap into ! p[] ( ,unix to d ev]y?+ f compil+ y\r own programs to play+ onl9e games4 ,b if y don't want to h to le>n ,unix1 !re are o!r public-access sy/ems t "w ?r\gh m5us 7j l ! ones 9 re/aurants2 y are %[n a li/ ( *oices & !n y make y\r selection ( :at y want71 or :i* provide a us] int]face t is easi] to figure out ?an ! ev] cryptic ,unix4 ,if y don't want or ne$ access to ! full range ( ,int]net s]vices1 a ,,uucp site makes good f9ancial s5se4 ,!y t5d to *>ge less ?an comm]cial ,int]net provid]s1 al?\gh _! messages may n g out z quickly4 ,"s sy/ems also h _! own unique local s]vices1 :i* c range f ext5sive conf]5ces to l>ge file libr>ies4 #a4c ,,public-,,access ,,int]net ,,provid]s ,:5 y h y\r communications program dial "o ( ^! ho/ sy/ems1 "o ( two ?+s w happ5 :5 y connect4 ,y'll ei!r see a lot ( gibb]i% on y\r scre51 or y'll be ask$ to log 94 ,if y see gibb]i%1 *ances are y h to *ange y\r s(tw>e's p>amet]s 7to #g-a-;,e or #h-a-,n z ! case may be74 ,hang up1 make ! *ange & !n dial 9 aga94 ,:5 y've connect$1 *ances are y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,welcome to ,,! ,,_w ,public ,access ,,unix = ! '#ijs ,log9 z 'new' if y d n h an acc\nt log93 ,t la/ l9e is a prompt ask+ y to d some?+4 ,s9ce ?is is y\r fir/ call1 type new & hit ent]4 ,(t51 :5 y're ask$ to type some?+ by a ho/ sy/em1 y'll be told :at to type 9 quotation m>ks 7= example1 'new'74 ,don't include ! quotation m>ks4 ,repeat3 ,don't include ! quotation m>ks4 ,:at y see next dep5ds on ! sy/em1 b w g5]ally consi/ ( in=mation ab\t its co/s & s]vices 7y might want to turn on y\r communication s(tw>e's logg+ function1 to save ?is in=mation74 ,y'll likely be ask$ if y want to e/abli% an acc\nt n[ or j look ar\nd ! sy/em4 ,y'll also likely be ask$ = y\r us] "n4 ,?is is n y\r full "n1 b a "o-^w "n y want to use :ile onl9e4 ,x c be any comb9ation ( lett]s or numb]s1 all 9 l[] case4 ,_m p use _! fir/ initial & la/ "n 7= example1 jdoe72 _! fir/ "n & ! fir/ lett] ( _! la/ "n 7= example1 johnd72 or _! initials 7jxd74 ,o!rs use a nickname4 ,y might want to ?9k ab\t ?is = a second1 because ?is us] "n w become "p ( y\r electronic-mail address 7see *apt] #b = m on t74 ,! "o exception are ! v>i\s ,free-,net sy/ems1 all ( :i* assign y a us] "n consi/+ ( an arbitr>y sequ5ce ( lett]s & numb]s4 ,y are n[ on ! ,net4 ,look ar\nd ! sy/em4 ,see if !re are any help files = y to read4 ,if x's a m5u-bas$ ho/ sy/em1 *oose diff]5t options j to see :at happ5s4 ,rememb]3 ,y c't break any?+4 ,! m y play1 ! m com=table y'll be4 ,:at foll[s is a li/ ( public-access ,int]net sites1 :i* are comput] sy/ems t (f] access to ! ,net4 ,all (f] int]national e-mail & ,us5et 7int]national conf]5ces74 ,9 addition1 !y (f]3 ,,ftp3 ,file-transf] protocol -- access to hundr$s ( file libr>ies 7ev]y?+ f comput] s(tw>e to hi/orical docum5ts to song lyrics74 ,y'll be able to transf] ^! files f ! ,net to y\r own comput]4 ,telnet3 ,access to databases1 comput]iz$ libr>y c>d catalogs1 wea!r reports & o!r in=mation s]vices1 z well z live1 onl9e games t let y compete ) play]s f ar\nd ! _w4 ,additional s]vices t may be (f]$ include3 ,,wais3 ,wide-area ,in=mation ,s]v]2 a program t c se>* doz5s ( databases 9 "o se>*4 ,goph]3 ,a program t gives y easy access to doz5s ( o!r onl9e databases & s]vices by mak+ selections on a m5u4 ,y'll also be able to use ^! to copy text files & "s programs to y\r mailbox4 ,,irc3 ,int]net ,relay ,*at1 a ,,cb simulator t lets y h live keybo>d *ats ) p ar\nd ! _w4 ,h[ev]1 ev5 on sy/ems t d n provide ^! s]vices directly1 y w be able to use a numb] ( !m ?r\gh telnet 7see ,*apt] #f74 ,9 ! li/ t foll[s1 sy/ems t let y access s]vices ?r\gh m5us are not$2 o!rwise assume t :5 y connect1 y'll be dump$ "r into ,unix 7a4k4a4 ,,ms-,,dos ) a college degree74 ,sev]al ( ^! sites are available nationwide ?r\gh national data networks su* z ! ,compu,serve ,packet ,network & ,sprint,net4 ,please note t all li/$ *>ges are subject to *ange4 ,_m sites require new or prospective us]s to log on a p>ticul> way on _! fir/ call2 ?is li/ provides ! "n y'll use 9 su* cases4 ,,alabama ,huntsville4 ,nuance4 ,call voice numb] = modem numb]4 #ce setup2 #be a mon?4 ,voice3 7#bje7 #ecc-dbif4 ,,alaska ,an*orage4 ,univ]sity ( ,alaska ,s\!a/1 ,tundra ,s]vices1 7#ijg7 #ghi-acad2 has local dial-9 s]vice 9 sev]al o!r cities4 #bj a mon?4 ,voice3 7#ijg7 #dfe-fdec4 ,,alb]ta ,edmonton4 ,p,u,c,net ,comput] ,connections1 7#djc7 #dhd-efdj4 ,log on z3 gue/4 #aj setup fee2 #be = #bj h\rs a mon? plus #f4be an h\r = access to ftp & telnet4 ,voice3 7#djc7 #ddh-aija4 ,,arizona ,tucson4 ,data ,basics1 7#fjb7 #gba-ehhg4 #be a mon? or #ahj a ye>4 ,voice3 7#fjb7 #gba-aihh4 ,pho5ix_/,tucson4 ,int]net ,direct1 7#fjb7 #bgd-ifjj 7,pho5ix72 7#fjb7 #cba-ifjj 7,tucson74 ,log on z3 gue/4 #bj a mon?4 ,voice3 7#fjb7 #bgd-jajj 7,pho5ix72 7#fjb7 #cbd-jajj 7,tucson74 ,,briti% ,,columbia ,victoria ,victoria ,free-,net1 7#fjd7 #eie-bcjj4 ,m5us4 ,access to all features requires completion ( a writt5 =m4 ,us]s c l9k to o!r ,free-,net sy/ems 9 ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,free4 ,log on z3 gue/ ,voice3 7#fjd7 #chi-fjbf4 ,,cali=nia ,b]keley4 ,holonet4 ,m5us4 ,= free trial1 modem numb] is 7#eaj7 #gjd-ajeh4 ,= in=mation or local numb]s1 call ! voice numb]4 #fj a ye> = local access1 #b an h\r dur+ (fpeak h\rs4 ,voice3 7#eaj7 #gjd-jafj4 ,cup]t9o4 ,portal4 ,bo? ,unix & m5us4 7#djh7 #gbe-jefa 7#bdjj bps72 7#djh7 #igc-hjia 7#ifjj_/ad1djj bps74 #ai4ie setup fee1 #ai4ie a mon?4 ,voice3 7#djh7 #igc-iaaa4 ,irv9e4 ,dial ,n' ,,c]f4 ,see "u ,san ,diego4 ,los ,angeles_/,orange ,c\nty4 ,kaiwan ,public ,access ,int]net1 7#gad7 #eci-egbf2 7#caj7 #ebg-gceh4 #ae signup2 #aa a mon? 7cr$it c>d74 ,voice3 7#gad7 #fch-baci4 ,los ,angeles4 ,dial ,n' ,,c]f4 ,see "u ,san ,diego4 ,oakl&4 ,dial ,n' ,,c]f4 ,see "u ,san ,diego4 ,pasad5a4 ,dial ,n' ,,c]f ,see "u ,san ,diego4 ,palo ,alto4 ,in/itute = ,global ,communications41 7#dae7 #cbb-jbhd4 ,unix4 ,local conf]5ces on environm5tal_/peace issues4 ,log on z3 new4 #aj a mon? & #c an h\r aft] fir/ h\r4 ,voice3 7#dae7 #ddb-jbbj4 ,san ,diego4 ,dial ,n' ,,c]f ,,usa1 run by ! ,cali=nia ,education & ,rese>* ,f$]ation4 ,provides local dial-up numb]s 9 ,san ,diego1 ,los ,angeles1 ,oakl&1 ,pasad5a & ,irv9e4 ,= m in=mation1 call voice 7#hjj7 #hgf-;,,c]f or 7#fai7 #ecd-ejhg4 #ej setup fee2 #bj a mon? plus #e an h\r 7#c on week5ds74 ,voice3 7#hjj7 #hgf-bcgc4 ,san ,diego4 ,,cts ,network ,s]vices1 7#fai7 #fcg-cffj4 ,log on z3 help4 #ae set-up fee1 mon?ly fee ( #aj to #bc dep5d+ on s]vices us$4 ,voice3 7#fai7 #fcg-cfcg4 ,san ,diego4 ,cyb]space ,/ation1 7#fai7 #fcd-acgf4 ,unix4 ,log on z3 gue/4 ,*>ges3 #aj sign-up fee2 #ae a mon? or #fj = six mon?s4 ,san ,francisco4 ,pa?ways1 call voice numb] = numb]4 ,m5us4 #be setup fee2 #h a mon? & #c an h\r4 ,voice3 7#dae7 #cdf-dahh4 ,san ,jose4 ,netcom1 7#eaj7 #hfe-ijjd or #dbf-ffaj2 7#djh7 #bda-igfj2 7#dae7 #dbd-jaca1 up to #ifjj bps4 ,unix4 ,ma9ta9s ar*ives ( ,us5et po/+s4 ,log on z3 gue/4 #ae />tup fee & !n #ag4ej a mon? = unlimit$ use if y agree to automatic bill+ ( y\r cr$it-c>d acc\nt 7o!rwise #ai4ej a mon? = a mon?ly invoice74 ,voice3 7#djh7 #eed-,,unix4 ,san ,jose4 ,a#b;i1 7#djh7 #bic-ijaj4 ,log on z3 gue/4 #bj a mon?2 #de = ?ree mon?s2 #gb = six mon?s4 ,sausalito4 ,! ,:ole ,e>? ',lectronic ,l9k 7,,well71 7#dae7 #ccb- #fajf4 ,uses mod]ately difficult ,picospan s(tw>e1 :i* is sort ( a cross betwe5 ,unix & a m5u sy/em4 ,new us]s get a writt5 manual4 ,m ?an #bjj ,,well-only conf]5ces4 ,log on z3 newus]4 #ae a mon? plus #b an h\r4 ,access ?r\gh ! nationwide ,compu,serve ,packet ,network available = ano!r #d4ej an h\r4 ,voice3 7#dae7 #ccb-dcce4 ,record$ message ab\t ! sy/em's curr5t /atus3 7#hjj7 #cbf-hced 7cont95tal ,u4,s4 only74 ,,colorado ,colorado ,spr+s_/,d5v]4 ,,cns1 7#gai7 #egj-agjj 7,colorado ,spr+s72 7#cjc7 #geh-bfef 7,d5v]74 ,local cal5d> li/+s & ski & /ock reports4 ,us]s c *oose betwe5 m5us or ,unix4 ,log on z3 new4 #ce setup fee2 #b4ge an h\r 7m9imum fee ( #aj a mon?74 ,voice3 7#gai7 #eib- #abdj4 ,colorado ,spr+s4 ,old ,colorado ,city ,communications1 7#gai7 #fcb- #daaa4 ,log on z3 newus]4 #be a mon?4 ,voice3 7#gai7 #fcb-dhdh4 ,d5v]4 ,d5v] ,free-,net1 7#cjc7 #bgj-dhfe4 ,m5us4 ,access to all s]vices requires completion ( a writt5 =m4 ,us]s c l9k to o!r ,free-,net sy/ems across ! c\ntry4 ,free4 ,log on z3 gue/4 ,gold54 ,colorado ,super,net4 ,e-mail to fax s]vice4 ,available only to ,colorado resid5ts4 ,local dial-9 numb]s available 9 sev]al ,colorado cities4 ,= dial-9 numb]s1 call ! numb] bel[4 #c an h\r 7#a an h\r betwe5 midnight & #f a4m472 "o-"t #bj sign-up fee4 ,voice3 7#cjc7 #bgc-cdga4 ,,delaw>e ,middlet[n4 ,sy/ems ,solutions1 7#cjb7 #cgh-ahha4 #bj setup fee2 #be a mon? = full ,int]net access4 ,voice3 7#hjj7 #cca-achf ,,florida ,talahassee4 ,talahassee ,free-,net1 7#ijd7 #dhh-ejef4 ,m5us4 ,full access requires completion ( a regi/ration =m4 ,c l9k to o!r ,free-,net sy/ems ar\nd ! c\ntry4 ,voice3 7#ijd7 #dhh-ejef4 ,,georgia ,atlanta4 ,netcom1 7#cjc7 #geh-jaja4 ,see "u ,los ,angeles1 ,cali=nia1 = in=mation on rates4 ,,ill9ois ,*ampaign4 ,pr>i5et ,free-,net1 7#bag7 #bee-ijjj4 ,m5us4 ,log on z3 visitor4 ,free = ,ill9ois resid5ts2 #be a ye> = o!rs4 ,voice3 7#bag7 #bdd-aifb4 ,*icago4 ,m,c,s,net1 7#cab7 #bdh-jijj4 #be_/mon? or #fe = ?ree mon?s ( unlimit$ access2 #cj = ?ree mon?s ( access at #ae h\rs a mon?4 ,voice3 7#cab7 #bdh-,,unix4 ,peoria4 ,peoria ,free-,net1 7#cji7 #fgd-aajj4 ,simil> to ,clevel& ,free-,net 7see ,ohio1 bel[74 ,us]s c l9k to ! l>g] ,clevel& sy/em = access to ,us5et & o!r s]vices4 ,!re are also ,peoria ,free-,net public-access t]m9als 9 num]\s area libr>ies1 o!r gov]nm5t build+s & s5ior-citiz5 c5t]s4 ,contact ! numb] bel[ = specific locations4 ,full access 7includ+ access to e-mail7 requires completion ( a writt5 application4 ,free4 ,voice3 7#cji7 #fgg-bedd4 ,,m>yl& ,baltimore4 ,express ,access1 7#daj7 #gff-ahee2 7#cja7 #bbj-jdfb2 7#gad7 #cgg-ighd4 ,log on z3 new4 #bj setup fee2 #be a mon? or #bej a ye>4 ,voice3 7#hjj #ifi-ijij4 ,baltimore4 ,cl>knet1 7#daj7 #gcj-ighf2 7#daj7 #iie-jbga2 7#cja7 #eif- #afbf2 7#cja7 #hed-jddf4 ,log on z3 gue/4 #bc a mon?1 #abf = six mon?s or #bbh a ye>4 ,voice3 7#daj7 #gcj-igfe4 ,,massa*usetts ,b$=d4 ,! ,int]net ,access ,company1 7#fag7 #bge-jcca4 ,to log on1 foll[ on-l9e prompts4 #bj setup fee2 #ai4ej a mon?4 ,voice3 7#fag7 #bge-bbba4 ,brookl9e4 ,! ,_w1 7#fag7 #gci-igec4 ,onl9e ,book ,initiative collection ( electronic books1 poetry & o!r text files4 ,log on z3 new4 #e a mon? plus #b an h\r or #bj = #bj h\rs a mon?4 ,available nationwide ?r\gh ! ,compu,serve ,packet ,network = ano!r #e4fj an h\r4 ,voice3 7#fag7 #gci-jbjb4 ,lynn4 ,nor? ,%ore ,access1 7#fag7 #eic-deeg4 ,log on z3 new4 #aj = #aj h\rs a mon?2 #a an h\r aft] t4 ,voice3 7#fag7 #eic-caaj4 ,worce/]4 ,nova,link1 7#ejh7 #ged-djji4 ,log on z3 info4 #ab4ie sign-up 7includes fir/ two h\rs72 #i4ie a mon? 7includes five daytime h\rs71 #a4hj an h\r aft] t4 ,voice3 7#hjj7 #bgd-bhad4 ,,mi*igan ,ann ,arbor4 ,,ms54 ,call voice numb] = dial-9 numb]4 ,unix4 ,*>ges3 #bj setup2 #bj a mon?4 ,voice3 7#cac7 #iih-defb4 ,ann ,arbor4 ,mi*net4 ,has local dial-9 numb]s 9 sev]al ,mi*igan numb]s4 ,= local numb]s1 call voice numb] bel[4 #ce a mon? plus "o-"t #dj sign-up fee4 ,additional network fees = access ?r\gh non-,mi*net numb]s4 ,voice3 7#cac7 #gfd-idcj4 ,,new ,,hamp%ire ,man*e/]4 ,,mv ,communications1 ,inc4 ,= local dial-up numb]s call voice l9e bel[4 #e a mon? m99um plus v>iable h\rly rates dep5d+ on s]vices us$4 ,voice3 7#fjc7 #dbi-bbbc4 ,,new ,,j]sey ,new ,brunswick4 ,digital ,express1 7#ijh7 #icg-idha4 ,log on z3 new4 #bj setup fee2 #be a mon? or #bej a ye>4 ,voice3 7#hjj7 #ifi-ijij4 ,,new ,,york ,new ,york4 ,panix1 7#bab7 #ghg-cajj4 ,unix or m5us4 ,log on z3 newus]4 #dj setup fee2 #ai a mon? or #bjh a ye>4 ,voice3 7#bab7 #hgg- #dhed4 ,new ,york4 ,e*o1 7#bab7 #ihi-hdaa4 ,unix1 b ) local conf]5c+ s(tw>e4 ,log on z3 newus]4 #ai4ie 7#ac4ge /ud5ts & s5iors7 a mon?4 ,voice3 7#bab7 #bee-chci4 ,new ,york4 ,mind,vox1 7#bab7 #ihi-dada4 ,local conf]5ces4 ,log on z3 gue/4 #aj setup fee = non-cr$it-c>d acc\nts2 #ae a mon?4 ,voice3 7#bab7 #ihi-bdah4 ,new ,york4 ,pipel9e1 7#bab7 #bfg-hfjf 7#ifjj bps & high]72 7#bab7 #bfg-gcda 7#bdjj bps74 ,(f]s graphical int]face = ,w9d[s = #ij4 ,log on z3 gue/4 #bj a mon? & #b an h\r aft] fir/ #bj h\rs or #ce a mon? unlimit$ h\rs4 ,voice3 7#bab7 #bfg-cfcf4 ,new ,york4 ,mae/ro1 7#bab7 #bdj-igjj4 ,log on z3 newus]4 #ab a mon? or #adj a ye>4 ,voice3 7#bab7 #bdj-ifjj4 ,,nor? ,,c>ol9a ,*>lotte4 ,vnet ,int]net ,access1 7#gjd7 #cdg-hhci2 7#iai7 #djf-aedd4 ,log on z3 new4 #be a mon?4 ,voice3 7#gjd7 #cgd-jggi4 ,triangle ,rese>* ,p>k4 ,rock ,conc]t ,net4 ,call numb] bel[ = local modem numb]s 9 v>i\s ,nor? ,c>ol9a cities4 #cj a mon?2 "o- "t #ej sign-up fee4 ,voice3 7#iai7 #bdh-aiii4 ,,ohio ,clevel&4 ,clevel& ,free-,net1 7#baf7 #cfh-chhh4 ,ohio & ,,u ,supreme ,c\rt decisions1 hi/orical docum5ts1 _m local conf]5ces4 ,full access 7includ+ access to e-mail7 requires completion ( a writt5 application4 ,free4 ,voice3 7#baf7 #cfh-hgcg4 ,c9c9nati4 ,tri-,/ate ,free-,net1 7#eac7 #egi-aiij4 ,simil> to ,clevel& ,free-,net4 ,full access 7includ+ access to e-mail7 requires completion ( a writt5 application4 ,free4 ,clevel&4 ,w>iat1 7#baf7 #dha-idcf4 ,unix or m5us4 #bj setup fee2 #ce a mon?4 ,voice3 7#baf7 #dha-idbh4 ,dayton4 ,freelance ,sy/ems ,programm+1 7#eac7 #beh-ggde4 #bj setup fee2 #a an h\r4 ,voice3 7#eac7 #bed-gbdf4 ,lora94 ,lora9 ,c\nty ,free-,net1 7#baf7 #bgg-bcei or #cff-igec4 ,simil> to ,clevel& ,free-,net4 ,us]s c l9k to ! l>g] ,clevel& sy/em = additional s]vices4 ,full access 7includ+ access to e-mail7 requires completion ( a writt5 application4 ,free4 ,voice3 7#baf7 #cff-dbjj4 ,m$9a4 ,m$9a ,free-,net1 7#baf7 #gbc-fgcb1 #bbe-fgcb or #cce-fgcb4 ,us]s c l9k to ! l>g] ,clevel& ,free-,net = additional s]vices4 ,full access 7includ+ access to e-mail7 requires completion ( a writt5 application4 ,free4 ,y\ng/[n4 ,y\ng/[n ,free-,net1 7#baf7 #gdb-cjgb4 ,us]s c l9k to ! ,clevel& sy/em = s]vices n f\nd locally4 ,full access 7includ+ access to e-mail7 requires completion ( a writt5 application4 ,free4 ,,ont>io ,ottawa4 ,national ,capital ,free,net1 7#fac7 #ghj-cgcc or 7#fac7 #efd-cfjj4 ,free1 b requires completion ( a writt5 =m = access to all s]vices4 ,toronto4 ,u,u,north4 ,call voice numb] bel[ = local dial-9 numb]s4 #bj />tup fee2 #be = #bj h\rs a mon? ( (fpeak use4 ,voice3 7#daf7 #bbe-hfdi4 ,toronto4 ,int]nex ,onl9e1 7#daf7 #cfc-cghc4 ,bo? ,unix & m5us4 #dj a ye> = "o h\r a day4 ,voice3 7#daf7 #cfc-hfgf4 ,,oregon ,portl&4 ,agora1 7#ejc7 #bic-aggb 7#bdjj bps71 7#ejc7 #bic-bjei 7#ifjj bps or high]74 ,log on z3 apply4 #f a mon? = "o h\r p] day4 ,portl&4 ,teleport1 7#ejc7 #bbj-jfcf 7#bdjj bps72 7#ejc7 #bbj-ajaf 7#ifjj & high]74 ,log on z3 new4 #aj a mon? = "o h\r p] day4 ,voice3 7#ejc7 #bbc-dbde4 ,,p5nsylvania ,pittsburgh4 ,tel]ama1 7#dab7 #dha-ecjb4 #f = #aj h\rs a mon?1 #fj c5ts = ea* additional h\r4 ,voice3 7#dab7 #dha-ceje4 ,,quebec ,montreal4 ,communications ,accessibles ,montreal1 7#ead7 #ica-gagh 7#ifjj bps72 7#ead7 #ica-bccc 7#bdjj bps74 #be a mon?4 ,voice3 7#ead7 #ica-jgdi4 ,,rhode ,,isl& ,ea/ ,gre5wi*4 ,,ids ,_w ,network1 7#dja7 #hhd-ijjb4 ,9 addition to ,us5et1 has conf]5ces f ! ,fidonet & ,,rime networks4 #aj a mon?2 #ej = six mon?s2 #ajj = a ye>4 ,provid5ce_/,seekonk4 ,anomaly1 7#dja7 #cca-cgjf4 #abe = six mon?s or #bjj a ye>4 ,educational rate ( #ge = six mon?s or #abe a ye>4 ,voice3 7#dja7 #bgc-dffi4 ,,texas ,au/94 ,real,time ,communications1 7#eab7 #dei-dcia4 ,log on z3 new4 #ge a ye>4 ,voice3 7#eab7 #dea-jjdf4 ,dallas4 ,texas ,metronet1 7#bad7 #gje-bija2 7#hag7 #bfa-aabg4 ,log on z3 info or signup4 #aj to #ce setup fee1 dep5d+ on s]vice2 #aj to #de a mon?1 dep5d+ on s]vice4 ,voice3 7#bad7 #gje-bijj or 7#hag7 #edc-hgef4 ,h\/on4 ,! ,black ,box1 7#gac7 #dhj-bfhf4 #ba4fe a mon?4 ,voice3 7#gac7 #dhj-bfhd4 ,,virg9ia ,norfolk_/,p59sula4 ,wyv]n ,te*nologies1 7#hjd7 #fbg-ahbh 7,norfolk72 7#hjd7 #hhf-jffb 7,p59sula74 #aj />tup fee2 #ae a mon? or #add a ye>4 ,voice3 7#hjd7 #fbb-dbhi4 ,,wa%+ton1 ,,dc ,! ,meta ,network4 ,call voice numb] bel[ = local dial-9 numb]s4 ,caucus conf]5c+1 m5us4 #ae setup fee2 #bj a mon?4 ,voice3 7#gjc7 #bdc-ffbb4 ,cap,access1 7#bjb71 #ghd-aebc4 ,log on z gue/ ) a password ( visitor4 ,a ,free-,net sy/em 7see "u ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 = in=mation74 ,free4 ,voice3 7#bjb7 #iid-dbde4 ,see also3 li/+ "u ,baltimore1 ,,md = ,express ,access & ,cl>knet4 ,,wa%+ton ,,/ate ,seattle4 ,halcyon1 7#bjf7 #chb-fbde4 ,us]s c *oose betwe5 m5us & ,unix4 ,log on z3 new4 #aj setup fee2 #fj a qu>t] or #bjj a ye>4 ,voice3 7#bjf7 #iee-ajej4 ,seattle4 ,eskimo ,nor?1 7#bjf7 #cfg-chcg 7all spe$s71 7#bjf7 #cfb-fgca 7#ifjj_/ad4d,k bps74 #aj a mon? or #if a ye>4 ,voice3 7#bjf7 #cfg-gdeg4 ,,unit$ ,,k+dom ,london4 ,demon ,int]net ,sy/ems1 #dd 7#j7ha #cdc #dhdh4 #ab4ej setup fee2 #aj a mon? or #acb4ej a ye>4 ,voice3 #dd 7#j7ha #cdi #jjfc #a4d ,,if ,,y\r ,,t[n ,,has ,,no ,,direct ,,access ,if y don't live 9 an area ) a public-access site1 y'll /ill be able to connect to ! ,net4 ,sev]al s]vices (f] access ?r\gh national data networks su* z ! ,compu,serve ,packet ,network & ,sprint,net1 :i* h doz5s1 ev5 hundr$s ( local dial-9 numb]s across ! c\ntry4 ,^! include ,holonet 9 ,b]keley1 ,calf41 ,portal 9 ,cup]t9o1 ,calf41 ! ,,well 9 ,sausalito1 ,calf41 ,dial ',n ,,c]f 9 ,san ,diego1 ,calf41 ! ,_w 9 ,brookl9e1 ,mass41 & ,mi*net 9 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*4 ,dial ',n ,,c]f (f]s access ?r\gh an #hjj numb]4 ,expect to pay f #b to #ab an h\r to use ^! networks1 above ea* provid]'s basic *>ges4 ,! exact am\nt dep5ds on ! network1 "t ( day & type ( modem y use4 ,= m in=mation1 contact ! above s]vices4 ,f\r o!r provid]s deliv] ,net access to us]s across ! c\ntry3 ,delphi1 bas$ 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 is a consum]-ori5t$ network mu* l ,compu,serve or ,am]ica ,onl9e -- only x n[ (f]s subscrib]s access to ,int]net s]vices4 ,delphi *>ges3 #c a mon? = ,int]net access1 9 addition to /&>d *>ges4 ,^! are #aj a mon? = f\r h\rs ( (f-peak 7non-work+ h\rs7 access a mon? & #d an h\r = ea* additional h\r or #bj = #bj h\rs ( access a mon? & #a4hj an h\r = ea* additional h\r4 ,= m in=mation1 call 7#hjj7 #fie-djje4 ,,bix 7! ,byte ,in=mation ,ex*ange7 (f]s ,,ftp1 ,telnet & e-mail access to ! ,int]net z "p ( _! basic s]vice4 ,own$ by ! same company z ,delphi1 x also (f]s #bj h\rs ( access a mon? = #bj4 ,= m in=mation1 call 7#hjj7 #fie-dgge4 ,,psi1 bas$ 9 ,re/on1 ,va41 provides nationwide access to ,int]net s]vices ?r\gh scores ( local dial-9 numb]s to own]s ( ,,ibm & compatible comput]s4 ,p,s,i,link4 :i* includes access to e-mail1 ,us5et & ftp1 co/s #bi a mon?1 plus a "o-"t #ai regi/ration fee4 ,special s(tw>e is requir$1 b is available free f ,,psi4 ,,psi's ,global ,dialup ,s]vice provides access to telnet = #ci a mon? plus a "o-"t #ci set-up fee4 ,= m in=mation1 call 7#hjj7 #hb,,psi#hb or 7#gjc7 #fbj-ffea4 ,nov,x ,sy/ems ,integration1 bas$ 9 ,seattle1 ,wa%+ton1 (f]s full ,int]net access ?r\gh an #hjj numb] rea*able across ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!re is a #bd4ie setup fee1 9 addition to a mon?ly fee ( #ai4ie & a #aj4e h\rly *>ge4 ,= m in=mation1 call 7#bjf7 #ddg-jhjj4 #a4e ,,net ,,orig9s ,9 ! #aifjs1 rese>*]s began exp]im5t+ ) l9k+ comput]s to ea* o!r & to p ?r\gh telephone hook-ups1 us+ funds f ! ,u4,s ,def5se ,dep>tm5t's ,advanc$ ,rese>* ,projects ,ag5cy 7,,arpa74 ,,arpa want$ to see if comput]s 9 diff]5t locations c\ld be l9k$ us+ a new te*nology kn[n z packet swit*+4 ,?is te*nology1 9 :i* data meant = ano!r location is brok5 up into little pieces1 ea* ) its own =w>d+ address _h ! promise ( lett+ sev]al us]s %>e j "o communications l9e4 ,j z important1 f ,,arpa's viewpo9t1 0 t ?is all[$ = creation ( networks t c\ld automatically r\te data ar\nd d[n$ circuits or comput]s4 ,,arpa's goal 0 n ! creation ( today's int]national comput]-us+ community1 b developm5t ( a data network t c\ld survive a nucle> attack4 ,previ\s comput] network+ ef=ts _h requir$ a l9e betwe5 ea* comput] on ! network1 sort ( l a "o-track tra9 r\te4 ,! packet sy/em all[$ = creation ( a data highway1 9 :i* l>ge numb]s ( vehicles c\ld ess5tially %>e ! same lane4 ,ea* packet 0 giv5 ! comput] equival5t ( a map & a "t /amp1 s t x c\ld be s5t to ! "r de/9ation1 :]e x w\ld !n be reassembl$ into a message ! comput] or a human c\ld use4 ,?is sy/em all[$ comput]s to %>e data & ! rese>*]s to ex*ange electronic mail1 or e-mail4 ,9 itself1 e-mail 0 some?+ ( a revolution1 (f]+ ! ability to s5d detail$ lett]s at ! spe$ ( a phone call4 ,z ?is sy/em1 kn[n z ,a,r,p,a,net1 grew1 "s ent]pris+ college /ud5ts 7& "o 9 high s*ool7 develop$ a way to use x to conduct onl9e conf]5ces4 ,^! />t$ z sci5ce-ori5t$ discussions1 b !y soon bran*$ out into virtually e o!r field1 z p recogniz$ ! p[] ( be+ able to talk to hundr$s1 or ev5 ?\s&s1 ( p ar\nd ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! #aigjs1 ,,arpa help$ support ! developm5t ( rules1 or protocols1 = transf]r+ data betwe5 diff]5t types ( comput] networks4 ,^! int]net 7f int]network+7 protocols made x possible to develop ! worldwide ,net we h today t l9ks all sorts ( comput]s across national b\nd>ies4 ,by ! close ( ! #aigjs1 l9ks develop$ betwe5 ,a,r,p,a,net & c\nt]p>ts 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,! _w 0 n[ ti$ toge!r 9 a comput] web4 ,9 ! #aihjs1 ?is network ( networks1 :i* became kn[n collectively z ! ,int]net1 exp&$ at a ph5om5al rate4 ,hundr$s1 !n ?\s&s1 ( colleges1 rese>* companies & gov]nm5t ag5cies began to connect _! comput]s to ?is worldwide ,net4 ,"s ent]pris+ hobbyi/s & companies unwill+ to pay ! high co/s ( ,int]net access 7or unable to meet /r+5t gov]nm5t regulations = access7 le>n$ h[ to l9k _! own sy/ems to ! ,int]net1 ev5 if only = e-mail & conf]5ces4 ,"s ( ^! sy/ems began (f]+ access to ! public4 ,n[ anybody ) a comput] & modem -- & p]si/5ce -- c\ld tap into ! _w4 ,9 ! #aiijs1 ! ,net cont9ues to gr[ at expon5tial rates4 ,"s e/imates are t ! volume ( messages transf]r$ ?r\gh ! ,net gr[s #bj p]c5t a mon?4 ,9 response1 gov]nm5t & o!r us]s h tri$ 9 rec5t ye>s to exp& ! ,net itself4 ,once1 ! ma9 ,net backbone 9 ! ,u4,s4 mov$ data at #ef1jjj bits p] second4 ,t prov$ too sl[ = ! ev] increas+ am\nts ( data be+ s5t ov] x1 & 9 rec5t ye>s ! maximum spe$ 0 increas$ to #a4e million & !n #de million bits p] second4 ,ev5 be=e ! ,net 0 able to rea* t latt] spe$1 h[ev]1 ,net exp]ts 7 already figur+ out ways to pump data at spe$s ( up to #b billion bits p] second -- fa/ en\gh to s5d ! entire ,encyclop$ia ,britannica across ! c\ntry 9 j "o or two seconds4 ,ano!r major *ange has be5 ! developm5t ( comm]cial s]vices t provide int]network+ s]vices at spe$s comp>able to ^? ( ! gov]nm5t sy/em4 ,9 fact1 by mid-#aiid1 ! ,u4,s4 gov]nm5t w remove itself f any day-to-day control ov] ! work+s ( ! ,net1 z regional & national provid]s cont9ue to exp&4 #a4f ,,h[ ,,x ,,works ,! worldwide ,net is actually a complex web ( small] regional networks4 ,to und]/& x1 picture a mod]n road network ( trans- cont95tal sup]highways connect+ l>ge cities4 ,f ^! l>ge cities come small] freeways & p>kways to l9k toge!r small t[ns1 ^: resid5ts travel on sl[]1 n>r[ resid5tial ways4 ,! ,net sup]highway is ! high-spe$ ,int]net4 ,connect$ to ?is are comput]s t use a p>ticul> sy/em ( transf]r+ data at high spe$s4 ,9 ! ,u4,s41 ! major ,int]net backbone !oretically c move data at rates ( #de million bits p] second 7comp>e ?is to ! av]age home modem1 :i* has a top spe$ ( r\ghly #i1fjj to #ad1djj bits p] second74 ,connect$ to ! backbone comput]s are small] networks s]v+ p>ticul> geographic regions1 :i* g5]ally move data at spe$s ar\nd #a4e million bits p] second4 ,fe$+ (f ^! 9 turn are ev5 small] networks or individual comput]s4 ,unlike ) comm]cial networks su* z ,compu,serve or ,prodigy1 !re is no "o c5tral comput] or comput]s runn+ ! ,int]net -- its res\rces are to be f\nd among ?\s&s ( individual comput]s4 ,?is is bo? its greate/ /r5g? & its greate/ weakness4 ,! approa* means x is virtually impossible = ! entire ,net to cra% at once -- ev5 if "o comput] %uts d[n1 ! re/ ( ! network /ays up4 ,! design also r$uces ! co/s = an individual or organization to get onto ! network4 ,b ?\s&s ( connect$ comput]s c also make x difficult to navigate ! ,net & f9d :at y want -- especially z diff]5t comput]s may h diff]5t comm&s = plumb+ _! res\rces4 ,x is only rec5tly t ,net us]s h begun to develop ! sorts ( navigational tools & maps t w let neophytes get ar\nd )\t gett+ lo/4 ,nobody really kn[s h[ _m comput]s & networks actually make up ?is ,net4 ,"s e/imates say !re are n[ z _m z #e1jjj networks connect+ ne>ly #b million comput]s & m ?an #ae million p ar\nd ! _w4 ,:atev] ! actual numb]s1 h[ev]1 x is cle> !y are only increas+4 ,! ,net is m ?an j a te*nological m>vel4 ,x is human communication at its mo/ fundam5tal level4 ,! pace may be a little quick] :5 ! messages race ar\nd ! _w 9 a few seconds1 b x's n mu* diff]5t f a l>ge & int]e/+ p>ty4 ,y'll see ?+s 9 cyb]space t w make y laugh2 y'll see ?+s t w ang] y4 ,y'll read silly little snippets & new ideas t make y ?9k4 ,y'll make new fri5ds & meet p y wi% w\ld j g away4 ,major network provid]s cont9ue to "w on ways to make x easi] = us]s ( "o network to communicate ) ^? ( ano!r4 ,"w is und]way on a sy/em = provid+ a univ]sal :ite pages 9 :i* y c\ld look up somebody's electronic-mail address1 = example4 ,?is connectivity tr5d w likely spe$ up 9 com+ ye>s z us]s beg9 to dem& seamless network access1 mu* z telephone us]s c n[ dial almo/ any:]e 9 ! _w )\t worry+ ab\t h[ _m phone companies actually h to connect _! calls4 ,& today1 ! l9ks gr[ ev] clos] betwe5 ! ,int]net & su* comm]cial networks z ,compu,serve & ,prodigy1 ^: us]s c n[ ex*ange electronic mail ) _! ,int]net fri5ds4 ,"s comm]cial provid]s1 su* z ,delphi & ,am]ica ,onl9e1 are work+ to br+ _! subscrib]s direct access to ,int]net s]vices4 ,& z x becomes easi] to use1 m & m p w jo9 ?is worldwide community we call ! ,net4 ,be+ connect$ to ! ,net takes m ?an j read+ conf]5ces & logg+ messages to y\r comput]2 x takes ask+ & answ]+ que/ions1 ex*ang+ op9ions -- gett+ involv$4 ,if y *oose to g =w>d1 to use & contribute1 y w become a citiz5 ( ,cyb]space4 ,if y're read+ ^! words = ! fir/ "t1 ?is may seem l an amus+ b unlikely notion -- t "o c\ld inhabit a place )\t physical space4 ,b put a m>k beside ^! words4 ,jo9 ! ,net & actively p>ticipate = a ye>4 ,!n re-read ?is passage4 ,x w no long] seem s /range to be a citiz5 ( ,cyb]space4 ,x w seem l ! mo/ natural ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,& t leads to ano!r fundam5tal ?+ to rememb]3 ,y c't break ! ,net6 ,z y travel ! ,net1 y\r comput] may freeze1 y\r scre5 may erupt into a mass ( gibb]i%4 ,y may ?9k y've j disabl$ a million-doll> comput] some:]e -- or ev5 y\r own p]sonal comput]4 ,soon] or lat]1 ?is feel+ happ5s to ev]yone -- & likely m ?an once4 ,b ! ,net & y\r comput] are h>di] ?an y ?9k1 s relax4 ,y c no m break ! ,net ?an y c ! phone sy/em4 ,if some?+ goes wrong1 try aga94 ,if no?+ at all happ5s1 y c always disconnect4 ,if worse comes to worse1 y c turn (f y\r comput]4 ,!n take a deep brea?4 ,& dial "r back 94 ,leave a note = ! p]son :o runs ! comput] to :i* y've connect$ to ask = advice4 ,try x aga94 ,p]si/5ce pays4 ,/ay & contribute4 ,! ,net w be ri*] = x -- & s w y4 #a4g ,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong 99 ,y\r comput] connects ) a public-access site & get gibb]i% on y\r scre54 ,if y are us+ p>amet]s ( #h-a-,n1 try #g-a-;e 7or vice-v]sa74 ,if t doesn't "w1 try ano!r modem spe$4 99 ,y h y\r comput] dial a public-access site1 b no?+ happ5s4 ,*eck ! phone numb] y typ$ 94 ,if correct1 turn on y\r modem's speak] 7on ,hayes-compatible modems1 y c usually d ?is by typ+ ,,atm#a 9 y\r communications s(tw>e's t]m9al mode74 ,if ! phone j r+s & r+s1 ! public-access site c\ld be d[n = ma9t5ance or due to a cra% or "s o!r problem4 ,if y get a connect message1 b no?+ else1 try hitt+ ent] or escape a c\ple ( times4 99 ,y try to log 91 b aft] y type y\r password1 no?+ happ5s1 or y get a tim$ out message foll[$ by a disconnect4 ,re-dial ! numb] & try x aga94 99 ,always rememb]1 if y h a problem t j doesn't g away1 ask6 ,ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator1 ask a fri5d1 b ask4 ,somebody w "k :at to d4 #a4h ,,fyi ,! ,net gr[s s fa/ t ev5 ! be/ guide to its res\rces w\ld be some:at outdat$ ! day x 0 pr9t$4 ,at ! end ( ea* *apt]1 h[ev]1 y'll f9d ,,fyi po9t]s to places on ! ,net :]e y c g = m in=mation or to keep updat$ on new res\rces & s]vices4 ,pet] ,kam9ski ma9ta9s a li/ ( sy/ems t provide public access to ,int]net s]vices4 ,x's availble on ! network itself1 :i* obvi\sly does y little good if y curr5tly h no access1 b :i* c prove invaluable %\ld y move or want to f9d a new sy/em4 ,look = 8 ,,pdial file 9 ! alt4bbs4li/s or news4answ]s newsgr\ps 9 ,us5et 7= in=mation on access+ ,us5et1 see ,*apt] #c74 ,/ev5 ,levy's book1 ,hack]s3 ,h]oes ( ! ,comput] ,revolution1 7,an*or ,press_/,d\bl$ay1 #aihd74 describes ! e>ly culture & e?os t ultimately result$ 9 ! ,int]net & ,us5et4 ,john ,qu>t]man's ,! ,matrix3 ,comput] ,networks & ,conf]5c+ ,sy/ems ,worldwide 7,digital ,press1 #aiij7 is an exhau/ive look at comput] networks & h[ !y connect ) ea* o!r4 ,y'll f9d num]\s docum5ts ab\t ! ,int]net1 its hi/ory & its res\rces 9 ! pub_/,netinfo directory on ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation's ,,ftp s]v] 7see *apt] #g to deciph] ?is74 ,*apt] #b3 ,e-,,mail #b4a ,,! ,,basics ,electronic mail1 or e-mail1 is y\r p]sonal connection to ! _w ( ! ,net4 ,all ( ! millions ( p ar\nd ! _w :o use ! ,net h _! own e-mail addresses4 ,a gr[+ numb] ( gateways tie m & m p to ! ,net e day4 ,:5 y logg$ onto ! ho/ sy/em y are n[ us+1 x automatically g5]at$ an address = y1 z well4 ,! basic concepts beh9d e-mail p>allel ^? ( regul> mail4 ,y s5d mail to p at _! p>ticul> addresses4 ,9 turn1 !y write to y at y\r e-mail address4 ,y c subscribe to ! electronic equival5t ( magaz9es & newspap]s4 ,y might ev5 get electronic junk mail4 ,e-mail has two di/9ct advantages ov] regul> mail4 ,! mo/ obvi\s is spe$4 ,in/ead ( sev]al days1 y\r message c rea* ! o!r side ( ! _w 9 h\rs1 m9utes or ev5 seconds 7dep5d+ on :]e y drop (f y\r mail & ! /ate ( ! connections betwe5 !re & y\r recipi5t74 ,! o!r advantage is t once y ma/] ! basics1 y'll be able to use e-mail to access databases & file libr>ies4 ,y'll see h[ to d ?is lat]1 along ) le>n+ h[ to transf] program & data files ?r\gh e-mail4 ,e-mail also has advantages ov] ! telephone4 ,y s5d y\r message :5 x's conv5i5t = y4 ,y\r recipi5ts respond at _! conv5i5ce4 ,no m telephone tag4 ,& :ile a phone call across ! c\ntry or ar\nd ! _w c quickly result 9 huge phone bills1 e-mail lets y ex*ange va/ am\nts ( mail = only a few p5nies -- ev5 if ! o!r p]son is 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,e-mail is y\r connection to help -- y\r ,net lifel9e4 ,! ,net c sometimes seem a fru/rat+ place6 ,no matt] h[ h>d y try1 no matt] :]e y look1 y j might n be able to f9d ! answ] to :atev] is caus+ y problems4 ,b :5 y "k h[ to use e-mail1 help is (t5 j a few key/rokes away3 y c ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator or a fri5d = help 9 an e-mail message4 ,! quicke/ way to />t le>n+ e-mail is to s5d y\rself a message4 ,mo/ public-access sites actually h sev]al diff]5t types ( mail sy/ems1 all ( :i* let y bo? s5d & receive mail4 ,we'll />t ) ! simple/ "o1 kn[n1 appropriately en\gh1 z mail1 & !n look at a c\ple ( o!r int]faces4 ,at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& prompt1 type3 mail us]name :]e us]name is ! "n y gave y\rself :5 y fir/ logg$ on4 ,hit ent]4 ,! comput] might respond ) subject3 ,type te/ or1 actually1 any?+ at all 7b y'll h to hit ent] be=e y get to ! end ( ! scre574 ,hit ent]4 ,! cursor w drop d[n a l9e4 ,y c n[ beg9 writ+ ! actual message4 ,type a s5t5ce1 aga91 any?+ at all4 ,& "h's :]e y hit y\r fir/ ,unix fru/ration1 "o t w bug y repeat$ly3 y h to hit ent] be=e y get to ! v end ( ! l9e4 ,j l typewrit]s1 _m ,unix programs h no ^w-wrapp+ 7al?\gh !re are ways to get "s ,unix text processors1 su* z emacs1 to ^w-wrap74 ,:5 done ) y\r message1 hit return4 ,n[ hit control-,d 7! control & ! ,d keys at ! same "t74 ,?is is a ,unix comm& t tells ! comput] y're done writ+ & t x %\ld close y\r envelope & mail x (f 7y c\ld also hit ent] once & !n1 on a blank l9e1 type a p]iod at ! beg9n+ ( ! l9e & hit ent] aga974 ,y've j s5t y\r fir/ e-mail message4 ,& because y're s5d+ mail to y\rself1 r ?an to someone some:]e else on ! ,net1 y\r message has already arriv$1 z we'll see 9 a mom5t4 ,if y _h want$1 y c\ld h ev5 writt5 y\r message on y\r own comput] & !n upload$ x into ?is electronic envelope4 ,!re are a c\ple ( good reasons to d ?is ) long or involv$ messages4 ,"o is t once y hit ent] at ! end ( a l9e 9 mail y c't readily fix any mi/akes on t l9e 7unless y use "s special comm&s to call up a ,unix text processor74 ,also1 if y are pay+ = access by ! h\r1 upload+ a prep>$ message c save y money4 ,rememb] to save ! docum5t 9 ,,ascii or text =mat4 ,upload+ a docum5t y've creat$ 9 a ^w processor t uses special =matt+ comm&s 7:i* ^! days means _m programs7 w cause /range effects4 ,:5 y get t blank l9e aft] ! subject l9e1 upload ! message us+ ! ,,ascii protocol4 ,or y c copy & pa/e ! text1 if y\r s(tw>e all[s t4 ,:5 done1 hit control-,d z above4 ,n[ y h mail wait+ = y4 ,normally1 :5 y log on1 y\r public-access site w tell y :e!r y h new mail wait+4 ,to op5 y\r mailbox & see y\r wait+ mail1 type mail & hit ent]4 ,:5 ! ho/ sy/em sees mail )\t a "n aft] x1 x kn[s y want to look 9 y\r mailbox r ?an s5d a message4 ,y\r scre51 on a pla9-vanilla ,unix sy/em w display3 ,mail v]sion ,,smi #d4j ,mon ,apr #bd #ah3cd3ae ,,pdt #aihi ,type 8 = help4 _/usr_/spool_/mail_/adamg3 #a message #a new #a unread ,n #a adamg ,sat ,jan #ae #bj3jd #ab_/bij te/ ,ignore ! fir/ l9e2 x's j comput]ese ( value only to ! p :o run y\r sy/em4 ,y c type a "q m>k & hit return1 b unless y're famili> ) ,unix1 mo/ ( :at y'll see won't make mu* s5se at ?is po9t4 ,! second l9e tells y ! directory on ! ho/ sy/em :]e y\r mail messages are put1 :i* aga91 is n some?+ y'll likely ne$ to "k4 ,! second l9e also tells y h[ _m messages are 9 y\r mailbox1 h[ _m h come 9 s9ce ! la/ "t y look$ & h[ _m messages y hav5't read yet4 ,x's ! ?ird l9e t is ( real int]e/ -- x tells y :o ! message is f1 :5 x arriv$1 h[ _m l9es & *>act]s x takes up1 & :at ! subject is4 ,! ,n means x is a new message -- x arriv$ aft] ! la/ "t y look$ 9 y\r mailbox4 ,hit ent]4 ,& !re's y\r message -- only n[ x's a lot long] ?an :at y wrote6 ,message #a3 ,f adamg ,jan #ae #bj3jd3ee #aiid ,receiv$3 by eff4org id ,,aa#bhidi 7#e4fe;c_/,,ida-#a4d4d_/p5-id5t = adamg72 ,sat1 #ae ,jan #aiid #bj3jd3ee -#jdjj 7id5t-s5d]3 adamgeff4org7 ,date3 ,sat1 #ae ,jan #aiid #ba3cd3ee -#jdjj ,f3 ,adam ,gaff9 adamg ,message-,id3 #aiibjdbgjacd4;,,aa#bhidi;eff4org ,to3 adamg ,subject3 te/ ,/atus3 ,r ,?is is only a te/6 ,:oa6 ,:at is all t /uff8 ,x's y\r message ) a po/m>k gone mad4 ,j z ! po/al s]vice puts its m>ks on e piece ( mail x h&les1 s d ,net po/al sy/ems4 ,only x's call$ a head] in/ead ( a po/m>k4 ,ea* sy/em t h&les or r\tes y\r mail puts its /amp on x4 ,s9ce _m messages g ?r\gh a numb] ( sy/ems on _! way to y1 y w (t5 get messages ) head]s t seem to g on =ev]4 ,among o!r ?+s1 a head] w tell y exactly :5 a message 0 s5t & receiv$ 7ev5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 y\r local "t & ,gre5wi* ,mean ,"t -- z at ! end ( l9e #d above74 ,if ?is _h be5 a long message1 x w\ld j keep scroll+ across & d[n y\r scre5 -- unless ! p :o run y\r public- access site h set x up to pause e #bd l9es4 ,"o way to deal ) a message t doesn't /op is to use y\r telecommunication s(tw>e's logg+ or text-buff] function4 ,/>t x be=e y hit ! numb] ( ! message y want to see4 ,y\r comput] w ask y :at y want to call ! file y're ab\t to create4 ,aft] y "n ! file & hit ent]1 type ! numb] ( ! message y want to see & hit ent]4 ,:5 ! message f9i%es scroll+1 turn (f ! text-buff] function4 ,! message is n[ sav$ 9 y\r comput]4 ,?is way1 y c read ! message :ile n connect$ to ! ,net 7:i* c save y money if y're pay+ by ! h\r7 & write a reply (fl9e4 ,b 9 ! meantime1 n[ :at8 ,y c respond to ! message1 delete x or save x4 ,to respond1 type a l[]case r & hit ent]4 ,y'll get some?+ l ?is3 ,to3 adamg ,subject3 ,re3 te/ ,note t ?is "t1 y don't h to ent] a us] "n4 ,! comput] takes x f ! message y're reply+ to & automatically addresses y\r message to its s5d]4 ,! comput] also automatically ins]ts a subject l9e1 by add+ ,re3 to ! orig9al subject4 ,f "h1 x's j l writ+ a new message4 ,b say y *ange y\r m9d & decide n to reply aft] all4 ,h[ d y get out ( ! message8 ,hit control-,c once4 ,y'll get ?is3 7,int]rupt -- "o m to kill lett]7 ,if y hit control-,c once m1 ! message w disappe> & y'll get back to y\r mail's comm& l9e4 ,n[1 if y type a l[]case d & !n hit ent]1 y'll delete ! orig9al message4 ,type a l[]case q to exit y\r mailbox4 ,if y type a q )\t fir/ hitt+ d1 y\r message is transf]r$ to a file call$ mbox4 ,?is file is :]e all read1 b un-delet$ messages g4 ,if y want to leave x 9 y\r mailbox = n[1 type a l[]case x & hit ent]4 ,?is gets y out ( mail )\t mak+ any *anges4 ,! mbox file works a lot l y\r mailbox4 ,to access x1 type mail -f mbox at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e & hit ent]4 ,y'll get a m5u id5tical to ! "o 9 y\r mailbox f :i* y c read ^! old messages1 delete !m or respond to !m4 ,x's probably a good idea to cle> out y\r mailbox & mbox file f "t to "t1 if only to keep !m unclutt]$4 ,are !re any drawbacks to e-mail8 ,!re are a few4 ,"o is t p seem m will+ to fly (f ! h&le electronically ?an 9 p]son1 or ov] ! phone4 ,maybe x's because x's s easy to hit r & reply to a message )\t paus+ & reflect+ a mom5t4 ,t's :y we h smileys 7see section #b4d76 ,!re's no onl9e equival5t yet ( a return receipt3 *ances are y\r message got to :]e x's go+1 b !re's no absolute way = y to "k = sure unless y get a reply f ! o!r p]son4 ,s n[ y're ready to s5d e-mail to o!r p on ! ,net4 ,( c\rse1 y ne$ somebody's address to s5d !m mail4 ,h[ d y get x8 ,alas1 ! simple/ answ] is n :at y'd call ! mo/ elegant3 y call !m up on ! phone or write !m a lett] on pap] & ask !m4 ,resid5ts ( ! electronic fronti] are only beg9n+ to develop ! equival5t ( phone books1 & ! ones t exi/ today are f> f complete 7/ill1 lat] on1 9 ,*apt] #f1 we'll %[ y h[ to use "s ( ^! directories74 ,ev5tually1 y'll />t correspond+ ) p1 :i* means y'll want to "k h[ to address mail to !m4 ,x's vital to "k h[ to d ?is1 because ! smalle/ mi/ake -- us+ a comma :5 y %\ld h us$ a p]iod1 = in/ance1 c b\nce ! message back to y1 undeliv]$4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ,net addresses are l phone numb]s3 "o wrong digit & y get ! wrong p]son4 ,=tunately1 mo/ net addresses n[ adh]e to a relatively easy-to-und]/& sy/em4 ,e>li]1 y s5t y\rself a mail message us+ j y\r us]- "n4 ,?is 0 sort ( l mak+ a local phone call -- y didn't h to dial a #a or an area code4 ,?is also works = mail to anybody else :o has an acc\nt on ! same sy/em z y4 ,s5d+ mail outside ( y\r sy/em1 ?\gh1 w require ! use ( ! ,net equival5t ( area codes1 call$ doma9s4 ,a basic ,net address w look some?+ l ?is3 tomg_w4/d4com ,tomg is somebody's us] ,,id1 & he is at 7h5ce ! sign7 a site 7or 9 ,int]netese1 a doma97 kn[n z /d4com4 ,l>ge organizations (t5 h m ?an "o comput] l9k$ to ! ,int]net2 9 ?is case1 ! "n ( ! p>ticul> ma*9e is _w 7y w quickly notice t1 l boat own]s1 ,int]net comput] own]s always "n _! ma*9es74 ,doma9s tell y ! "n ( ! organization t runs a giv5 e-mail site & :at k9d ( site x is or1 if x's n 9 ! ,u4,s41 :at c\ntry x's locat$ 94 ,l>ge organizations may h m ?an "o comput] or gateway ti$ to ! ,int]net1 s y'll (t5 see a two-"p doma9 "n2 & sometimes ev5 ?ree- or f\r-"p doma9 names4 ,9 g5]al1 ,am]ican addresses end 9 an organizational suffix1 su* z 4edu1 :i* means ! site is at a college or univ]sity4 ,o!r ,am]ican suffixes include3 4com = bus9esses 4org = non-pr(it organizations 4gov & 4mil = gov]nm5t & milit>y ag5cies 4net = companies or organizations t run l>ge networks4 ,sites 9 ! re/ ( ! _w t5d to use a two-lett] code t repres5ts _! c\ntry4 ,mo/ make s5se1 su* z 4ca = ,canadian sites1 b !re are a c\ple ( seem+ly odd ones4 ,swiss sites end 9 4*1 :ile ,s\? ,african ones end 9 4za4 ,"s ,u4,s4 sites h foll[$ ?is int]national conv5tion 7su* z well4sf4ca4u74 ,y'll notice t ! above addresses are all 9 l[]-case4 ,unlike almo/ ev]y?+ else hav+ any?+ at all to d ) ,unix1 mo/ ,net mail+ sy/ems don't c>e ab\t case1 s y g5]ally don't h to worry ab\t capitaliz+ e-mail addresses4 ,alas1 !re are a few exceptions -- "s public-access sites d all[ = capital lett]s 9 us] names4 ,:5 9 d\bt1 ask ! p]son y want to write to1 or let h] s5d y a message fir/ 7recall h[ a p]son's e-mail address is usually f\nd on ! top ( h] message74 ,! doma9 "n1 ! "p ( ! address aft] ! sign1 nev] has to be capitaliz$4 ,x's all a fairly simple sy/em t works v well1 except1 aga91 x's vital to get ! address exactly "r -- j z y h to dial a phone numb] exactly "r4 ,s5d a message to tomgunm4edu 7:i* is ! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,mexico7 :5 y meant to s5d x to tomgumn4edu 7! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota71 & y\r lett] w ei!r b\nce back to y undeliv]$1 or g to ! wrong p]son4 ,if y\r message is b\nc$ back to y z undeliv]able1 y'll get an om9\s look+-message f ,,mail]-,,daemon 7actually a r b5ign ,unix program t exi/s to h&le mail71 ) an evil-look+ head] foll[$ by ! text ( y\r message4 ,sometimes1 y c tell :at w5t wrong by look+ at ! fir/ few l9es ( ! b\nc$ message4 ,besides an incorrect address1 x's possible y\r ho/ sy/em does n h ! o!r site 9 ! map x ma9ta9s ( o!r ho/ sy/ems4 ,or y c\ld be try+ to s5d mail to ano!r network1 su* z ,bitnet or ,compu,serve1 t has special address+ requirem5ts4 ,sometimes1 figur+ all ?is out c prove highly fru/rat+4 ,b rememb] ! prime ,net comm&m5t3 ,ask4 ,s5d a message to y\r sy/em adm9i/rator4 ,he or %e might be able to help deciph] ! problem4 ,!re is "o k9d ( address t may give y\r ho/ sy/em p>ticul> problems4 ,!re are two ma9 ways t ,unix sy/ems ex*ange mail4 ,"o is kn[n z ,,uucp & />t$ out ) a diff]5t address+ sy/em ?an ! re/ ( ! ,net4 ,mo/ ,,uucp sy/ems h s9ce swit*$ ov] to ! /&>d ,net address+ sy/em1 b a few traditional sites /ill cl+ to _! orig9al type1 :i* t5ds to h lots ( exclamation po9ts 9 x1 l ?is3 uunet6somesite6o!rsite6mybuddy ,! problem = _m ho/ sites is t exclamation po9ts 7also kn[n z bangs7 n[ mean some?+ special 9 ! m common sy/ems or %ells us$ to op]ate _m ,unix comput]s4 ,?is means t address+ mail to su* a site 7or ev5 respond+ to a message y receiv$ f "o7 c\ld confuse ! poor comput] to no end & y\r message nev] gets s5t out4 ,if t happ5s1 try putt+ backsla%es 9 front ( ea* exclamation po9t1 s t y get an address t looks l ?is3 uunet6somesite6o!rsite6mybuddy ,note t ?is means y may n be able to respond to su* a message by typ+ a l[]case r -- y may get an error message & y'll h to create a br&-new message4 ,if y want to get a ta/e ( :at's possible ?r\gh e-mail1 />t an e-mail message to almanacoes4or/4edu ,leave ! subject3 l9e blank4 ,z a message1 write ?is3 s5d quote ,or1 if y're feel+ a little d[n1 write ?is in/ead3 s5d moral-support ,9 ei!r case1 y w get back a message )9 a few seconds to a few h\rs 7dep5d+ on ! /ate ( y\r ho/ sy/em's ,int]net connection74 ,if y simply ask$ = a quote1 y'll get back a =tune-cookie-l say+4 ,if y ask$ = moral support1 y'll also get back a =tune-cookie-l say+1 only suppos$ly m uplift+4 ,?is p>ticul> mail s]v] is run by ,oregon ,/ate ,univ]sity4 ,its ma9 purpose is actually to provide a way to di/ribute agricultural in=mation via e-mail4 ,if y'd l to f9d out h[ to use ! s]v]'s full range ( s]vices1 s5d a message to its address ) ?is l9e 9 x3 s5d help ,y'll quickly get back a l5g?y docum5t detail+ j :at's available & h[ to get x4 ,feel+ op9ionat$8 ,want to give ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates a piece ( y\r m9d8 ,s5d a message to presid5t:iteh\se4gov4 ,or if ! vice presid5t w d1 write vice-presid5t:iteh\se4gov4 ,! mail program is actually a v p[]ful "o & a ,netwide /&>d1 at lea/ on ,unix comput]s4 ,b x c be h>d to figure out -- y c type a "q m>k to get a li/ ( comm&s1 b ^! may be ( limit$ use unless y're already famili> ) ,unix4 ,=tunately1 !re are a c\ple ( o!r mail programs t are easi] to use4 #b4b ,,elm -- ,a ,,bett] ,,way ,elm is a comb9ation mailbox & lett]-writ+ sy/em t uses m5us to help y navigate ?r\gh mail4 ,mo/ ,unix-bas$ ho/ sy/ems n[ h x onl9e4 ,to use x1 type elm & hit ent]4 ,y'll get a m5u ( y\r wait+ mail1 along ) a li/ ( comm&s y c execute1 t w look some?+ l ?is3 ,mailbox is '_/usr_/spool_/mail_/adamg' ) #ch messages ,,elm #b4c ,,pl#aa #a ,sep #a ,*ri/oph] ,davis 7#ac7 "h's ano!r message4 #b ,sep #a ,*ri/oph] ,davis 7#ia7 ,?is is a message f ,eudora #c ,aug #ca ,rita ,m>ie ,r\vali 7#afa7 ,fir/ ,int]net ,hunt 666 7fwd7 #d ,aug #ca ,pet] ,scott_/,manage 7#fi7 ,new ,file ,,uk#jgg ,univ]sity ( ,londo #e ,aug #cj ,pet] ,scott_/,manage 7#fd7 ,new ,file ,,dir#jbj ,x4#ejj s]vice at ,a #f ,aug #cj ,pet] ,scott_/,manage 7#ci7 ,new ,file ,,net#jaf ,,datapac ,in=matio #g ,aug #bh ,pet] ,scott_/,manage 7#fg7 ,propos$ ,us5et gr\p = ,,hytelnet n #h ,aug #bh ,pet] ,scott_/,manage 7#ef7 ,new ,file ,,dir#jai ,,janet ,public ,acces #i ,aug #bf ,hel5 ,trillian ,ros 7#ae7 ,tuesday #aj ,aug #bf ,pet] ,scott_/,manage 7#aea7 ,update ,,cwk#jjd ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,,ou ,y c use any ( ! foll[+ comm&s by press+ ! fir/ "*2 d7elete or u7ndelete mail1 m7ail a message1 r7eply or f7orw>d mail1 q7uit ,to read a message1 press return4 j move d[n1 k move up1 8 help ,ea* l9e %[s ! date y receiv$ ! message1 :o s5t x1 h[ _m l9es long ! message is1 & ! message's subject4 ,if y are us+ ,,vt#ajj emulation1 y c move up & d[n ! m5u ) y\r up & d[n arr[ keys4 ,o!rwise1 type ! l9e numb] ( ! message y want to read or delete & hit ent]4 ,:5 y read a message1 x pauses e #bd l9es1 in/ead ( scroll+ until x's done4 ,hit ! space b> to read ! next page4 ,y c type a l[]case r to reply or a l[]-case q or i to get back to ! m5u 7! ,i /&s = index74 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 hitt+ a l[]case m foll[$ by ent] w let y />t a message4 ,to delete a message1 type a l[]-case d4 ,y c d ?is :ile read+ ! message4 ,or1 if y are 9 ! m5u1 move ! cursor to ! message's l9e & !n hit d4 ,:5 y're done ) elm1 type a l[]-case q4 ,! program w ask if y really want to delete ! messages y m>k$4 ,!n1 x w ask y if y want to move any messages y've read b hav5't m>k$ = deletion to a receiv$ file4 ,= n[1 hit y\r n key4 ,elm has a major disadvantage = ! beg9n]4 ,! default text editor x g5]ally calls up :5 y hit y\r r or m key is (t5 a program call$ emacs4 ,unixoids swe> by emacs1 b ev]ybody else almo/ always f9ds x impossible4 ,un=tunately1 y c't always get away f x 7or vi1 ano!r text editor (t5 f\nd on ,unix sy/ems71 s lat] on we'll talk ab\t "s basic comm&s t w keep y f go+ totally nuts4 ,if y want to save a message to y\r own comput]1 hit s1 ei!r )9 ! message or ) y\r cursor on ! message entry 9 ! elm m5u4 ,a fil5ame w pop up4 ,if y d n l x1 type a new "n 7y won't h to backspace74 ,hit ent]1 & ! message w be sav$ ) t file "n 9 y\r home directory on y\r ho/ sy/em4 ,aft] y exit elm1 y c n[ d[nload x 7ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator = specifics on h[ to d[nload -- & upload -- su* files74 #b4c ,,p9e -- ,,an ,,ev5 ,,bett] ,,way ,p9e is bas$ on elm b includes a numb] ( improvem5ts t make x an ideal mail sy/em = beg9n]s4 ,l elm1 p9e />ts y ) a m5u4 ,x also has an address book feature t is h&y = p ) long or complex e-mail addresses4 ,hitt+ ,a at ! ma9 m5u puts y 9 ! address book1 :]e y c type 9 ! p]son's fir/ "n 7or nickname7 foll[$ by h] address4 ,!n1 :5 y want to s5d t p]son a message1 y only h to type 9 h] fir/ "n or nickname1 & p9e automatically ins]ts h] actual address4 ,! address book also lets y set up a mail+ li/4 ,?is feature all[s y to s5d ! same message to a numb] ( p at once4 ,:at really sets p9e ap>t is its built-9 text editor1 :i* looks & feels a lot m l ^w-process+ programs available = ,,ms-,,dos & ,mac9to% us]s4 ,n only does x h ^w wrap 7a revolution>y concept if ev] !re 0 "o71 x also has a spell-*eck] & a se>* comm&4 ,be/ ( all1 all ( ! comm&s y ne$ are li/$ 9 a two-l9e m9i-m5u at ! bottom ( ea* scre54 ,! comm&s look l ?is3 ,w ,:]e is ,! little c>et is a synonym = ! key m>k$ control on y\r keybo>d4 ,to f9d :]e a p>ticul> ^w is 9 y\r docum5t1 y'd hit y\r control key & y\r ,w key at ! same "t1 :i* w\ld br+ up a prompt ask+ y = ! ^w to look =4 ,"s ( p9e's comm&s are a tad peculi> 7control-,v = page d[n = example71 :i* comes f be+ bas$ on a v>iant ( emacs 7:i* is utt]ly peculi>74 ,b aga91 all ( ! comm&s y ne$ are li/$ on t two-l9e m9i-m5u1 s x %\ldn't take y m ?an a c\ple ( seconds to f9d ! "r "o4 ,to use p9e1 type p9e at ! comm& l9e & hit ent]4 ,x's a relatively new program1 s "s sy/ems may n yet h x onl9e4 ,b x's s easy to use1 y %\ld probably s5d e-mail to y\r sy/em adm9i/rator urg+ him to get x6 #b4d ,,smileys ,:5 y're involv$ 9 an onl9e discussion1 y c't see ! smiles or %rugs t ! o!r p]son might make 9 a live conv]sation to %[ he's only kidd+4 ,b onl9e1 !re's no body language4 ,s :at y might ?9k is funny1 somebody else might take z an insult4 ,to try to keep su* misund]/&+s f erupt+ into bitt] disputes1 we h smileys4 ,tilt y\r head to ! left & look at ! foll[+ sideways4 3-74 ,or simply 374 ,?is is y\r basic smiley4 ,use x to indicate p %\ld n take t comm5t y j made z s]i\sly z !y might o!rwise4 ,y make a smiley by typ+ a colon1 a hyph5 & a "r p>5!tical bracket4 ,"s p pref] us+ ! ^w gr91 usually 9 ?is =m3 gr9 ,sometimes1 ?\gh1 y'll see x z 99gr999 or ev5 j g = %ort4 ,"s o!r smileys include3 2-7 ,w9k2 3-7 ,fr[n2 3-,o ,surprise2 #h-7 ,we>+ glasses2 3-7 ,abe ,l9coln4 ,,ok1 s maybe ! la/ two are a little bogus 3-74 #b4e ,,s5d+ ,e-,,mail ,,to ,,o!r ,,networks ,!re are a numb] ( comput] networks t are n directly "p ( ! ,net1 b :i* are n[ connect$ ?r\gh gateways t all[ ! pass+ ( e-mail4 ,"h's a li/ ( "s ( ! l>g] networks1 h[ to s5d mail to !m & h[ _! us]s c s5d mail to y3 ,am]ica ,onl9e ,remove any spaces f a us]'s "n & app5d aol4com1 to get us]aol4com ,am]ica ,onl9e us]s :o want to s5d mail to y ne$ only put y\r ,net address 9 ! to3 field be=e compos+ a message4 ,a,t,t,mail ,address y\r message to us]attmail4com4 ,f ,a,t,t,mail1 a us] w\ld s5d mail to y 9 ?is =m3 int]net6doma96us] ,s if y\r address 7 nancyr_w4/d4com1 y\r correspond5t w\ld s5d a message to y at int]net6_w4/d4com6nancyr ,bitnet ,us]s ( ,bitnet 7& ,net,north 9 ,canada & ,,e>n 9 ,europe7 (t5 h addresses 9 ?is =m3 ,,izzy,,indvms4 ,if y're lucky1 all y'll h to d to mail to t address is add bitnet at ! end1 to get izzyindvms4bitnet4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 mail to su* an address w b\nce back to y1 because ,bitnet addresses d n always translate well into an ,int]net =m4 ,if ?is happ5s1 y c s5d mail ?r\gh "o ( two ,int]net_/,bitnet gateways4 ,fir/1 *ange ! 9 ! address to a 1 s t y get us]namesite4bitnet4 ,!n add ei!r vm4m>i/4edu or cunyvm4cuny4edu1 s t1 ) ! above example1 y w\ld get izzyindyvms4bitnetvm4m>i/4edu or izzyindvyvms4bitnetcunyvm4cuny4edu ,bitnet us]s h x a little easi]3 ,!y c usually s5d mail directly to y\r e-mail address )\t fool+ ar\nd ) x at all4 ,s s5d !m y\r address & !y %\ld be ,,ok4 ,compu,serve ,compu,serve us]s h num]ical addresses 9 ?is =m3 #gcgbg1ede4 ,to s5d mail to a ,compu,serve us]1 *ange ! comma to a p]iod & add compus]ve4com2 = example3 #gcgbg4ede;compus]ve4com4 ,note t "s ,compu,serve us]s mu/ pay extra to receive mail f ! ,int]net4 ,if y "k ,compu,serve us]s :o want to s5d y mail1 tell !m to ,,g ,,mail & create a mail message4 ,9 ! address area1 in/ead ( typ+ 9 a ,compu,serve numb]1 h !m type y\r address 9 ?is =m3 ,,int]net3,your,i,d,your,address4 ,= example1 ,,int]net3adamg_w4/d4com4 ,note t bo? ! & ! 3 are requir$4 ,delphi ,to s5d mail to a ,delphi us]1 ! =m is us]namedelphi4com4 ,fidonet ,to s5d mail to p us+ a ,fidonet ,,bbs1 y ne$ ! "n !y use to log onto t sy/em & its node numb]4'' ,fidonet node numb]s or addresses consi/ ( ?ree numb]s1 9 ?is =m3 #a3cbb_/aij4 ,! fir/ numb] tells :i* ( sev]al broad geographic zones ! ,,bbs is 9 7#a repres5ts ! ,u4,s4 & ,canada1 #b ,europe & ,israel1 #c ,pacific ,asia1 #d ,s\? ,am]ica74 ,! second numb] repres5ts ! ,,bbs's network1 :ile ! f9al numb] is ! ,,bbs's ,fido,node'' numb] 9 t network4 ,if y\r correspond5t only gives y two numb]s 7= example1 #cbb_/aij71 x means ! sy/em is 9 zone #a4 ,n[ comes ! tricky "p4 ,y h to rev]se ! numb]s & add to !m ! lett]s f1 n & z 7:i* /& = ,fido,node1''network1'' & zone'74 ,= example1 ! address above w\ld become f#aij4n#cbb4z#a4 ,n[ add fidonet4org'' at ! end1 to get f#aij4n#cbb4z#a4;fidonet4org4 ,!n add ,first,name4,last,name'1 to get ,first,name4,last,namef#aij4n#cbb4z#a4;f idonet4org ,note ! p]iod betwe5 ! fir/ & la/ names4 ,also1 "s c\ntries n[ h _! own ,fidonet backbone sy/ems1 :i* might affect address+4 ,= example1 7 ! above address 9 ,g]many1 y w\ld end x ) fido4de in/ead ( fidonet4org4 ,:ew6 ,! rev]se process is totally diff]5t4 ,fir/1 ! p]son has to h access to 8 or h] ,,bbs's net mail area & "k ! ,fidonet address ( 8 or h] local ,fidonet_/,,uucp gateway 7(t5 _! sy/em op]ator w "k x74 ,y\r ,fidonet correspond5t %\ld address a net-mail message to ,,uucp 7n y\r "n7 9 ! to3 field4 ,9 ! node-numb] field1 !y %\ld type 9 ! node numb] ( ! ,fidonet_/,,uucp gateway 7if ! gateway sy/em is 9 ! same regional network z _! sy/em1 !y ne$ only type ! la/ numb]1 = example1 #cij in/ead ( #cbb_/cij74 ,!n1 ! fir/ l9e ( ! message has to be y\r ,int]net address1 foll[$ by a blank l9e4 ,aft] t1 ! p]son c write ! message & s5d x4 ,because ( ! way ,fidonet moves mail1 x c\ld take a day or two = a message to be deliv]$ 9 ei!r direction4 ,also1 because _m ,fidonet sy/ems are run z hobbies1 x is consid]$ good =m to ask ! gateway sysop's p]mission if y int5d to pass l>ge am\nts ( mail back & =?4 ,messages ( a comm]cial nature are /rictly =bidd5 7ev5 if x's some?+ ! o!r p]son ask$ =74 ,also1 consid] x v likely t somebody o!r ?an ! recipi5t w read y\r messages4 ,g,enie ,to s5d mail to a ,g,enie us]1 add g5ie4com to ! end ( ! ,g,enie us] "n1 = example3 waltg5ie4com4 ,m,c,i,mail ,to s5d mail to somebody ) an ,m,c,i,mail acc\nt1 add mcimail4com to ! end ( _! "n or num]ical address4 ,= example3 #eee-ababmcimail4com or jsmi?mcimail4com ,note t if !re is m ?an "o ,m,c,i,mail subscrib] ) t "n1 y w get a mail message back f ,,mci giv+ y _! names & num]ical addresses4 ,y'll !n h to figure out :i* "o y want & re-s5d ! message4 ,f ,,mci1 a us] w\ld type ,y\r ,"n 7,,ems7 at ! ,to3 prompt4 ,at ! ,,ems prompt1 he or %e w\ld type int]net foll[$ by y\r ,net address at ! ,mbx3 prompt4 ,peac5et ,to s5d mail to a ,peac5et us]1 use ?is =m3 us]nameigc4org ,peac5et subscrib]s c use y\r regul> address to s5d y mail4 ,prodigy ,user,i,dprodigy4com4 ,note t ,prodigy us]s mu/ pay extra = ,int]net e-mail4 #b4f ,,sev5 ,,unix ,,comm&s ,,y ,,c',t ,,live ,,)\t3 ,if y connect to ! ,net ?r\gh a ,unix sy/em1 ev5tually y'll h to come to t]ms ) ,unix4 ,= bett] or worse1 mo/ ,unix sy/ems d ,,n %ield y f _! inn] work+s -- if y want to copy a ,us5et po/+ to a file1 = example1 y'll h to use "s ,unix comm&s if y ev] want to d any?+ ) t file4 ,l ,,ms-,,dos1 ,unix is an op]at+ sy/em - x tells ! comput] h[ to d ?+s4 ,n[ :ile ,unix may h a reputation z be+ ev5 m complex ?an ,,ms-,,dos1 9 mo/ cases1 a few basic1 & simple1 comm&s %\ld be all y'll ev] ne$4 ,if y\r own comput] uses ,,ms-,,dos or ,,pc-,,dos1 ! basic concepts w seem v famili> -- b wat* out = ! cd comm&1 :i* works diff]5tly en\gh f ! simil>ly nam$ ,,dos comm& t x w drive y crazy4 ,also1 unlike ,,ms-,,dos1 ,unix is case s5sitive -- if y type comm&s or directory names 9 ! wrong case1 y'll get an error message4 ,if y're us$ to work+ on a ,mac1 y'll h to rememb] t ,unix /ores files 9 directories r ?an fold]s4 ,unix directories are organiz$ l bran*es on a tree4 ,at ! bottom is ! root directory1 ) sub-directories bran*+ (f t 7& sub-directories 9 turn c h sub-directories74 ,! ,mac equival5t ( a ,unix sub-directory is a fold] )9 ano!r fold]4 cat ,equival5t to ! ,,ms-,,dos type comm&4 ,to pause a file e scre51 type cat file m :]e file is ! "n ( ! file y want to see4 ,hitt+ control-,c w /op ! display4 ,alt]nately1 y c\ld type m file to a*ieve ! same result4 ,y c also use cat = writ+ or upload+ text files to y\r "n or home directory 7simil> to ! ,,ms-,,dos copy con comm&74 ,if y type catte/ y />t a file call$ te/4 ,y c ei!r write some?+ simple 7no edit+ once y've f9i%$ a l9e & y h to hit return at ! end ( ea* l9e7 or upload some?+ into t file us+ y\r communications s(tw>e's ,,ascii protocol74 ,to close ! file1 hit control-,d4 cd ,! *ange directory comm&4 ,to *ange f y\r pres5t directory to ano!r1 type cd directory & hit ent]4 ,unlike ,,ms-,,dos1 :i* uses a to d5ote sub- directories 7= example3 /ufftext71 ,unix uses a _/ 7= example3 _//uff_/text74 ,s to *ange f y\r pres5t directory to ! /uff_/text sub-directory1 y w\ld type cd /uff_/text & !n hit ent]4 ,z 9 ,,ms-,,dos1 y d n ne$ ! fir/ backsla% if ! subdirectory comes (f ! directory y're already 94 ,to move back up a directory tree1 y w\ld type cd 44 foll[$ by ent]4 ,note ! space betwe5 ! cd & ! two p]iods -- ?is is :]e ,,ms-,,dos us]s w really g nuts4 cp ,copies a file4 ,! syntax is cp file#a file#b :i* w\ld copy file#a to file#b 7or ov]write file#b ) file#a74 ls ,?is comm&1 :5 foll[$ by ent]1 tells y :at's 9 ! directory1 simil> to ! ,,dos dir comm&1 except 9 alphabetical ord]4 ls m w /op ! li/+ e #bd l9es -- h&y if !re are a lot ( ?+s 9 ! directory4 ,! basic ls comm& does n li/ hidd5 files1 su* z ! 4log9 file t controls h[ y\r sy/em int]acts ) ,unix4 ,to see ^! files1 type ls -a or ls -a m ls -l w tell y ! size ( ea* file 9 bytes & tell y :5 ea* 0 creat$ or modifi$4 mv ,simil> to ! ,,ms-,,dos r5ame comm&4 mv file#a file#b w r5ame file#a z file#b1 ,! comm& c also be us$ to move files betwe5 directories4 mv file#a ,news w\ld move file#a to y\r ,news directory4 rm ,deletes a file4 ,type rm fil5ame & hit ent] 7b bew>e3 :5 y hit ent]1 x's gone = good74 ,,wildc>ds3 ,:5 se>*+ =1 copy+ or delet+ files1 y c use wildc>ds if y are n sure ( ! file's exact "n4 ls man99 w\ld f9d ! foll[+ files3 manual1 manual4txt1 man-o-man4 ,use a "q m>k :5 y're sure ab\t all b "o or two *>act]s4 ,= example1 ls man8 w\ld f9d a file call$ mane1 b n "o call$ manual4 #b4g ,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong 99 ,y s5d a message b get back an om9\s look+ message f ,,mail]-,,daemon conta9+ up to sev]al doz5 l9es ( comput]ese foll[$ by y\r message4 ,some:]e 9 ^? l9es y c (t5 f9d a clue to :at w5t wrong4 ,y might h made a mi/ake 9 spell+ ! e-mail address4 ,! site to :i* y're s5d+ mail might h be5 d[n = ma9t5ance or a problem4 ,y may h us$ ! wrong translation = mail to a non-,int]net network4 99 ,y call up y\r ho/ sy/em's text editor to write a message or reply to "o & c't seem to get out4 ,if x's emacs1 try control-,x1 control-,c 79 o!r words1 hit y\r control key & y\r ,x key at ! same "t1 foll[$ by control & ,c74 ,if worse comes to worse1 y c hang up4 99 ,9 elm1 y accid5tally hit ! ,d key = a message y want to save4 ,type ! numb] ( ! message1 hit ent] & !n ,u1 :i* w un-delete ! message4 ,?is works only be=e y exit ,elm2 once y quit1 ! message is gone4 99 ,y try to upload an ,,ascii message y've writt5 on y\r own comput] into a message y're prep>+ 9 ,elm or ,p9e & y get a lot ( left brackets1 capital ,ms1 ,ks & ,ls & "s funny-look+ *>act]s4 ,believe x or n1 y\r message w actually w9d up look+ f9e2 all t g>bage is tempor>y & reflects ! problems "s ,unix text processors h ) ,,ascii uploads4 ,b x w take mu* long] = y\r upload to f9i%4 ,"o way to deal ) ?is is to call up ! simple mail program1 :i* w n produce any weird *>act]s :5 y upload a text file into a message4 ,ano!r way 7:i* is bett] if y\r prep>$ message is a response to somebody's mail71 is to create a text file on y\r ho/ sy/em ) cat1 = example1 catfile & !n upload y\r text into t4 ,!n1 9 elm or p9e1 y c ins]t ! message ) a simple comm& 7control-,r 9 p9e1 = example72 only ?is "t y won't see all t extrane\s /uff4 99 ,y hav5't cle>$ out y\r ,elm mailbox 9 a:ile1 & y accid5tally hit y :5 y meant to hit n 7or vice-v]sa7 :5 exit+ & n[ all y\r messages h disappe>$4 ,look 9 y\r ,news directory 7at ! comm& l9e1 type3 cd ,news7 = a file call$ reciev$4 ,^? are all y\r messages4 ,un=tunately1 !re's no way to get !m back into y\r ,elm mailbox -- y'll h to d[nload ! file or read x onl9e4 ,*apt] #c3 ,,us5et ,i #c4a ,,! ,,global ,,wat]+ ,,hole ,imag9e a conv]sation c>ri$ out ov] a p]iod ( h\rs & days1 z if p 7 leav+ messages & responses on a bullet9 bo>d4 ,or imag9e ! electronic equival5t ( a radio talk %[ :]e ev]ybody c put _! two c5ts 9 & no "o is ev] on hold4 ,unlike e-mail1 :i* is usually "o-to-"o1 ,us5et is _m-to- _m4 ,us5et is ! int]national meet+ place1 :]e p ga!r to meet _! fri5ds1 discuss ! day's ev5ts1 keep up ) comput] tr5ds or talk ab\t :atev]'s on _! m9d4 ,jump+ into a ,us5et discussion c be a lib]at+ exp]i5ce4 ,nobody kn[s :at y look or s\nd l1 h[ old y are1 :at y\r backgr\nd is4 ,y're judg$ solely on y\r words1 y\r ability to make a po9t4 ,to _m p1 ,us5et ,,is ! ,net4 ,9 fact1 x is (t5 confus$ ) ,int]net4 ,b x is a totally sep>ate sy/em4 ,all ,int]net sites ,,c c>ry ,us5et1 b s d _m non-,int]net sites1 f sophi/icat$ ,unix ma*9es to old ,,xt clones & ,apple ,i,is4 ,te*nically1 ,us5et messages are %ipp$ ar\nd ! _w1 f ho/ sy/em to ho/ sy/em1 us+ "o ( sev]al specific ,net protocols4 ,y\r ho/ sy/em /ores all ( its ,us5et messages 9 "o place1 :i* ev]ybody ) an acc\nt on ! sy/em c access4 ,t way1 no matt] h[ _m p actually read a giv5 message1 ea* ho/ sy/em has to /ore only "o copy ( x4 ,_m ho/ sy/ems talk ) sev]al o!rs regul>ly 9 case "o or ano!r ( _! l9ks goes d[n = "s reason4 ,:5 two ho/ sy/ems connect1 !y basically comp>e notes on :i* ,us5et messages !y already h4 ,any t "o is miss+ ! o!r !n transmits1 & vice-v]sa4 ,because !y are comput]s1 !y don't m9d runn+ ?r\gh ?\s&s1 ev5 millions1 ( ^! comp>isons e day4 ,yes1 millions4 ,= ,us5et is huge4 ,e day1 ,us5et us]s pump upw>ds ( #dj million *>act]s a day into ! sy/em -- r\ghly ! equival5t ( volumes ,a-,g ( ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica4 ,obvi\sly1 nobody c\ld possibly keep up ) ?is imm5se fl[ ( messages4 ,let's look at h[ to f9d conf]5ces & discussions ( int]e/ to y4 ,! basic build+ block ( ,us5et is ! newsgr\p1 :i* is a collection ( messages ) a relat$ !me 7on o!r networks1 ^! w\ld be call$ conf]5ces1 =ums1 bbo>ds or special-int]e/ gr\ps74 ,!re are n[ m ?an #e1jjj ( ^! newsgr\ps1 9 sev]al dif]5t languages1 cov]+ ev]y?+ f art to zoology1 f sci5ce fiction to ,s\? ,africa4 ,"s public-access sy/ems1 typically ! ones t "w ?r\gh m5us1 try to make x easi] by divid+ ,us5et into sev]al broad categories4 ,*oose "o ( ^? & y're giv5 a li/ ( newsgr\ps 9 t category4 ,!n select ! newsgr\p y're int]e/$ 9 & />t read+4 ,o!r sy/ems let y compile y\r own read+ li/ s t y only see messages 9 conf]5ces y want4 ,9 bo? cases1 conf]5ces are arrang$ 9 a p>ticul> hi]>*y devis$ 9 ! e>ly #aihjs4 ,newsgr\p names />t ) "o ( a s]ies ( broad topic names4 ,= example1 newsgr\ps beg9n+ ) comp4 are ab\t p>ticul> comput]- relat$ topics4 ,^! broad topics are foll[$ by a s]ies ( m focus$ topics 7s t comp4unix gr\ps are limit$ to discussion ab\t ,unix74 ,! ma9 hi]>*ies are3 bionet ,rese>* biology bit4li/s]v ,conf]5ces orig9at+ z ,bitnet mail+ li/s biz ,bus9ess comp ,comput]s & relat$ subjects misc ,discussions t don't fit any:]e else news ,news ab\t ,us5et itself rec ,hobbies1 games & recreation sci ,sci5ce o!r ?an rese>* biology soc ,social gr\ps1 (t5 e?nically relat$ talk ,politics & relat$ topics alt ,controv]sial or unusual topics2 n c>ri$ by all sites ,9 addition1 _m ho/ sy/ems c>ry newsgr\ps = a p>ticul> city1 /ate or region4 ,= example1 ne4h\s+ is a newsgr\p :]e ,new ,engl&]s look = ap>tm5ts4 ,a gr[+ numb] also c>ry ,k#ab newsgr\ps1 :i* are aim$ at elem5t>y & second>y tea*]s & /ud5ts4 ,& a numb] ( sites c>ry cl>i newsgr\ps1 :i* is actually a comm]cial s]vice consi/+ ( wire-s]vice /ories & a unique onl9e comput] news s]vice 7m on ?is 9 *apt] #aj74 #c4b ,,navigat+ ,,us5et ,,) nn ,h[ d y dive "r 98 ,z m5tion$1 on "s sy/ems1 x's all done ?r\gh m5us -- y j keep *oos+ f a li/ ( *oices until y get to ! newsgr\p y want & !n hit ! read comm&4 ,on ,unix sy/ems1 h[ev]1 y w h to use a newsread] program4 ,two ( ! m common ones are kn[n z rn 7= read news7 & nn 7= no news -- because x's suppos$ to be simpl] to use74 ,= beg9n]s1 nn may be ! bett] *oice because x works ) m5us -- y get a li/ ( articles 9 a giv5 newsgr\p & !n y *oose :i* ones y want to see4 ,to try x out1 connect to y\r ho/ sy/em &1 at ! comm& l9e1 type nn news4ann\nce4newus]s & hit ent]4 ,aft] a few seconds1 y %\ld see some?+ l ?is3 ,newsgr\p3 news4ann\nce4newus]s ,articles3 #bb ( #bb_/a ,,new a ,g5e ,spaf=d #ggf ,answ]s to ,frequ5tly ,ask$ ,que/ions b ,g5e ,spaf=d #cfb ,a ,prim] on ,h[ to ,"w ,) ! ,us5et ,community c ,g5e ,spaf=d #chg ,emily ,po/news ,answ]s ,y\r ,que/ions on ,netiquette d ,g5e ,spaf=d #aja ,h9ts on writ+ /yle = ,us5et e ,g5e ,spaf=d #gd ,introduction to news4ann\nce f ,g5e ,spaf=d #cfg ,,us5et ,s(tw>e3 ,hi/ory & ,s\rces g ,g5e ,spaf=d #cec ,:at is ,us5et8 h taylor #bda ,a ,guide to ,social ,newsgr\ps & ,mail+ ,li/s i ,g5e ,spaf=d #ehe ,alt]native ,newsgr\p ,hi]>*ies1 ,"p ,i j ,g5e ,spaf=d #dee ,alt]native ,newsgr\p ,hi]>*ies1 ,"p ,,ii k ,david ,c ,lawr5c #aea ,h[ to ,create a ,new ,newsgr\p l ,g5e ,spaf=d #ajf ,h[ to ,get ,in=mation ab\t ,networks m ,g5e ,spaf=d #hhh ,li/ ( ,active ,newsgr\ps n ,g5e ,spaf=d #ejd ,li/ ( ,mod]ators o ,g5e ,spaf=d #ajea ,publicly ,accessible ,mail+ ,li/s1 ,"p ,i p ,g5e ,spaf=d #aabc ,publicly ,accessible ,mail+ ,li/s1 ,"p ,,ii q ,g5e ,spaf=d #aaic ,publicly ,accessible ,mail+ ,li/s1 ,"p ,,iii r ,jona?an ,kam5s #fdd ,h[ to become a ,,us5et site s ,jona?an ,kam5 #acdd ,li/ ( ,p]iodic ,in=mational ,po/+s1 ,"p ,i -- #ae3eb -- ,,select -- help38 -----,top #he----- ,explanatory po/+s = new us]s4 7,mod]at$7 ,obvi\sly1 ?is is a good newsgr\p to beg9 y\r exploration ( ,us5et6 ,"h's :at all ?is means3 ,! fir/ lett] on ea* l9e is ! lett] y type to read t p>ticul> article 7x makes s5se t a newsgr\p w\ld h articles74 ,next comes ! "n ( ! p]son :o wrote t article1 foll[$ by its l5g?1 9 l9es1 & :at ! article is ab\t4 ,at ! bottom1 y see ! local "t at y\r access site1 :at y're do+ "r n[ 7i4e41 ,s,e,l,e,c,ting articles71 :i* key to hit = "s help 7! 8 key7 & h[ _m ( ! articles 9 ! newsgr\p y c see on ?is scre54 ,! 7mod]at$7 means ! newsgr\p has a mod]ator :o is ! only "o :o c directly po/ messages to x4 ,?is is g5]ally limit$ to gr\ps su* z ?is1 :i* conta9 articles ( basic in=mation1 or = dige/s1 :i* are basically onl9e magaz9es 7m on !m 9 a bit74 ,say y're p>ticul>ly int]e/$ 9 :at ,emily ,po/news has to say ab\t prop] etiquette on ,us5et4 ,hit y\r c key 7l[] case671 & ! l9e w light up4 ,if y want to read some?+ else1 hit ! key t corresponds to x4 ,& if y want to see :at's on ! next page ( articles1 hit return or y\r space b>4 ,b y're impati5t to get go+1 & y want to read t article n[4 ,! comm& = t 9 nn is a capital ,z4 ,hit x & y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,g5e ,spaf=d3 ,emily ,po/news ,answ]s ,y\r ,que/ions on ,netiquette,sep #ib #jd3ag ,orig9al-au?or3 bradlook+4on4ca 7,brad ,templeton7 ,ar*ive-"n3 emily-po/news_/"p#a ,la/-*ange3 #cj ,nov #ia by bradlook+4on4ca 7,brad ,templeton7 9999,,note3 ?is is int5d$ to be satirical4 ,if y d n recognize x z su*1 consult a doctor or pr(essional com$ian4 ,! recomm5dations 9 ?is article %\ld recogniz$ = :at !y are -- admonitions ab\t :at ,,n to d4 ,de> ,emily ,po/news ,emily ,po/news1 =emo/ au?ority on prop] net behavi\r1 gives h] advice on h[ to act on ! net4 ,de> ,miss ,po/news3 ,h[ long %\ld my signature be8 -- v]bosenoisy ,a3 ,de> ,v]bose3 ,please try & make y\r signature z long z y -- #ji3eg --4ann\nce4newus]s-- ,,la/ --help38--,top #d-- ,! fir/ few l9es are ! message's head]1 simil> to ! head] y get 9 e-mail messages4 ,!n comes ! beg9n+ ( ! message4 ,! la/ l9e tells y ! "t aga91 ! newsgr\p "n 7or "p ( x1 anyway71 ! position 9 y\r message /ack t ?is message occupies1 h[ to get help1 & h[ mu* ( ! message is on scre54 ,if y want to keep read+ ?is message1 j hit y\r space b> 7n y\r ent] key67 = ! next scre5 & s on until done4 ,:5 done1 y'll be return$ to ! newsgr\p m5u4 ,= n[ hit ,q 7upp] case ?is "t71 :i* quits y out ( nn & returns y to y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e4 ,to get a look at ano!r int]e/+ newsgr\p1 type nn comp4risks & hit ent]4 ,?is newsgr\p is ano!r mod]at$ gr\p1 ?is "t a dige/ ( all ! funny & fright5+ ways comput]s & ! p :o run & use !m c g wrong4 ,aga91 y read articles by select+ _! lett]s4 ,if y're 9 ! middle ( an article & decide y want to g onto ! next "o1 hit y\r n key4 ,n[ x's "t to look = "s newsgr\ps t might be ( p>ticul> int]e/ to y4 ,unix ho/ sy/ems t h nn use a program call$ nngrep 7ev] get ! feel+ ,unix 0 n entirely writt5 9 ,engli%87 t lets y scan newsgr\ps4 ,exit nn & at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 type nngrep ^w :]e ^w is ! subject y're int]e/$ 94 ,if y use a ,mac9to% comput]1 y might try nngrep mac ,y'll get some?+ t looks l ?is3 alt4music4ma*9es4(4lov+4grace alt4religion4emacs comp4b9>ies4mac comp4emacs comp4lang4=?4mac comp4os4ma* comp4s\rces4mac comp4sys4mac4ann\nce comp4sys4mac4apps comp4sys4mac4comm comp4sys4mac4databases comp4sys4mac4dige/ comp4sys4mac4games comp4sys4mac4h>dw>e comp4sys4mac4hyp]c>d comp4sys4mac4misc comp4sys4mac4programm] comp4sys4mac4sy/em comp4sys4mac4want$ gnu4emacs4ann\nce gnu4emacs4bug gnu4emacs4gnews gnu4emacs4gnus gnu4emacs4help gnu4emacs4lisp4manual gnu4emacs4s\rces gnu4emacs4vm4bug gnu4emacs4vm4info gnu4emacs4vms ,note t "s ( ^! obvi\sly h some?+ to d ) ,mac9to%es :ile "s obvi\sly d n2 nngrep is n a p]fect sy/em4 ,if y want to get a li/ ( ,,all ! newsgr\ps available on y\r ho/ sy/em1 type nngrep -a m or nngrep -a pg & hit ent] 7:i* "o to use dep5ds on ! ,unix us$ on y\r ho/ sy/em2 if "o doesn't d any?+1 try ! o!r74 ,y don't absolutely ne$ ! m or pg1 b if y don't include x1 ! li/ w keep scroll+1 r ?an paus+ e #bd l9es4 ,if y are 9 nn1 hitt+ a capital ,y w br+ up a simil> li/4 ,typ+ nn newsgr\p = e newsgr\p c get awfully tir+ aft] a:ile4 ,:5 y use nn1 y\r ho/ sy/em looks 9 a file call$ 4newsrc4 ,?is is basically a li/ ( e newsgr\p on ! ho/ sy/em along ) notations on :i* gr\ps & articles y h read 7all ma9ta9$ by ! comput]74 ,y c also use ?is file to create a read+ li/ t br+s up ea* newsgr\p to :i* y want to subscribe4 ,to try x out1 type nn )\t any newsgr\p "n1 & hit ent]4 ,un=tunately1 y w />t out ) a 4newsrc file t has y subscrib$ to e s+le newsgr\p on y\r ho/ sy/em6 ,to delete a newsgr\p f y\r read+ li/1 type a capital ,u :ile its m5u is on ! scre54 ,! comput] w ask y if y're sure y want to unsubscribe4 ,if y !n hit a ,y1 y'll be unsubscrib$ & put 9 ! next gr\p4 ,) _m ho/ sy/ems c>ry+ ?\s&s ( newsgr\ps1 ?is w take y =ev]4 ,=tunately1 !re are a c\ple ( easi] ways to d ?is4 ,bo? involve call+ up y\r 4newsrc file 9 a ^w or text processor4 ,9 a 4newsrc file1 ea* newsgr\p takes up "o l9e1 consi/+ ( ! gr\p's "n1 an exclamation po9t or a colon & a range ( numb]s4 ,newsgr\ps ) a colon are ones to :i* y are subscrib$2 ^? foll[$ by an exclamation po9t are un-subscrib$4 ,to />t ) a clean slate1 !n1 y h to *ange all ^? colons to exclamation po9ts4 ,if y "k h[ to use emacs or vi1 call up ! 4newsrc file 7y might want to make a copy ( 4newsrc fir/1 j 9 case71 & use ! se>*-&-replace function to make ! *ange4 ,if y're n com=table ) ^! text processor1 y c d[nload ! 4newsrc file1 make ! *anges on y\r own comput] & !n upload ! revis$ file4 ,be=e y d[nload ! file1 h[ev]1 y %\ld d a c\ple ( ?+s4 ,"o is to type cp 4newsrc temprc & hit ent]4 ,y w actually d[nload ?is temprc file 7note ! "n does n />t ) a p]iod -- "s comput]s1 su* z ^? us+ ,,ms-,,dos1 d n all[ file names />t+ ) p]iods74 ,aft] y d[nload ! file1 op5 x 9 y\r favorite ^w processor & use its se>*-&-replace function to *ange ! exclamation po9ts to colons4 ,be c>eful n to *ange any?+ else6 ,save ! docum5t 9 ,,ascii or text =mat4 ,dial back into y\r ho/ sy/em4 ,at ! comm& l9e1 type cp temprc temprc#a & hit ent]4 ,?is new file w s]ve z y\r backup 4newsrc file j 9 case some?+ goes wrong4 ,upload ! temprc file f y\r comput]4 ,?is w ov]write ! ,unix sy/em's old temprc file4 ,n[ type cp temprc 4newsrc & hit ent]4 ,y n[ h a clean slate to />t creat+ a read+ li/4 #c4c nn ,,comm&s ,to m>k a specific article = read+1 type ! lett] next to x 79 l[] case74 ,to m>k a specific article & all ( its responses1 type ! lett] & an a/]isk1 = example3 a99 ,to un-select an article1 type ! lett] next to x 7aga91 9 l[] case74 ,c ,cancels an article 7ar\nd ! _w7 t y wrote4 ,e article po/$ on ,us5et has a unique ,,id numb]4 ,hitt+ a capital ,c s5ds out a new message t tells ho/ sy/ems t receive x to f9d e>li] message & delete x4 ,f ,to po/ a public response1 or foll[-up4 ,if select$ :ile /ill on a newsgr\p page1 asks y :i* article to foll[ up4 ,if select$ :ile 9 a specific article1 w foll[ up t article4 ,9 ei!r case1 y'll be ask$ if y want to include ! orig9al article 9 y\rs4 ,caution3 puts y 9 :atev] text editor is y\r default4 ,n ,goes to ! next subscrib$ newsgr\p ) unread articles4 ,p ,goes to ! previ\s subscrib$ newsgr\p ) unread articles4 ,g news4gr\p ,goes to a specific newsgr\p4 ,c be us$ to subscribe to new newsgr\ps4 ,hitt+ ,g br+s up a sub-m5u3 u ,goes to ! gr\p & %[s only un-read articles4 a ,goes to ! gr\p & %[s all articles1 ev5 ones y've already read4 s ,w %[ y only articles ) a specific subject4 n ,w %[ y only articles f a specific p]son4 ,m ,mails a copy ( ! curr5t article to somebody4 ,y'll be ask$ = ! recipi5t's e-mail address & :e!r y want to add any comm5ts to ! article be=e s5d+ x (f4 ,z ) ,f1 puts y 9 ! default editor4 3po/ ,po/ an article4 ,y'll be ask$ = ! "n ( ! gr\p4 ,q ,quit1 or exit1 nn4 ,u ,un-subscribe f ! curr5t newsgr\p4 ,r ,responds to an article via e-mail4 space ,hitt+ ! space b> br+s up ! next page ( articles4 ,x ,if y h select$ articles1 ?is w %[ !m to y & !n take y to ! next subscrib$ newsgr\p ) unread articles4 ,if y don't h any select$ articles1 x m>ks all articles z read & takes y to ! next unread subscrib$ newsgr\p4 ^w ,f9ds & m>ks all articles 9 ! newsgr\p ) a specific ^w 9 ! subject3 l9e1 = example3 modem ,z ,%[s y select$ articles imm$iately & !n returns y to ! curr5t newsgr\p4 8 ,br+s up a help scre54 ,goes to ! previ\s page 9 ! newsgr\p4 ,goes to ! next page 9 ! newsgr\p4 ,goes to ! la/ page 9 an article4 ,goes to ! fir/ page 9 an article4 #c4d ,,us+ rn ,"s folks pref] ?is old] newsread]4 ,if y type rn news4ann\nce4newus]s at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 y'll see some?+ l ?is3 9999999999999999 #ba unread articles 9 news4ann\nce4newus]s--read n[8 ynq ,if y hit y\r ,y key1 ! fir/ article w appe> on y\r scre54 ,if y want to see :at articles are available fir/1 ?\gh1 hit y\r comput]'s key & y'll get some?+ l ?is3 #aeb ,introduction to news4ann\nce #aec ,a ,prim] on ,h[ to ,"w ,) ! ,us5et ,community #aed ,:at is ,us5et8 #aee ,answ]s to ,frequ5tly ,ask$ ,que/ions #aef ,h9ts on writ+ /yle = ,us5et #aeh ,alt]native ,newsgr\p ,hi]>*ies1 ,"p ,i #aei ,alt]native ,newsgr\p ,hi]>*ies1 ,"p ,,ii #afj ,emily ,po/news ,answ]s ,y\r ,que/ions on ,netiquette #afa ,,us5et ,s(tw>e3 ,hi/ory & ,s\rces #afb ,a ,guide to ,social ,newsgr\ps & ,mail+ ,li/s #afc ,h[ to ,get ,in=mation ab\t ,networks #afd ,h[ to ,create a ,new ,newsgr\p #afi ,li/ ( ,active ,newsgr\ps #agj ,li/ ( ,mod]ators #aga ,publicly ,accessible ,mail+ ,li/s1 ,"p ,i #agb ,publicly ,accessible ,mail+ ,li/s1 ,"p ,,ii #agc ,publicly ,accessible ,mail+ ,li/s1 ,"p ,,iii #agd ,h[ to become a ,,us5et site #age ,li/ ( ,p]iodic ,in=mational ,po/+s1 ,"p ,i #agf ,li/ ( ,p]iodic ,in=mational ,po/+s1 ,"p ,,ii #agg ,li/ ( ,p]iodic ,in=mational ,po/+s1 ,"p ,,iii ,end ( article #aeh 7( #agh7--:at next8 npq ,notice h[ ! messages are 9 num]ical ord] ?is "t1 & don't tell y :o s5t !m4 ,article #aed looks int]e/+4 ,to read x1 type 9 #aed & hit ent]4 ,y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,article #aed 7#bj m7 9 news4ann\nce4newus]s 7mod]at$73 ,f3 spafcs4purdue4,,edu 7,g5e ,spaf=d7 ,newsgr\ps3 news4ann\nce4newus]s1news4adm91news4answ ]s ,subject3 ,:at is ,us5et8 ,date3 #bj ,sep #ib #jd3ag3bf ,,gmt ,foll[up-,to3 news4newus]s4que/ions ,organization3 ,dept4 ( ,comput] ,sci5ces1 ,purdue ,univ4 ,l9es3 #cec ,sup]s$es3 spaf-:atis#gaeeghgai;cs4purdue4edu ,ar*ive-"n3 :at-is-us5et_/"p#a ,orig9al f3 *iptct4com 7,*ip ,salz5b]g7 ,la/-*ange3 #ai ,july #aiib by spafcs4purdue4edu 7,g5e ,spaf=d7 ,! fir/ ?+ to und]/& ab\t ,us5et is t x is widely misund]/ood4 ,e day on ,us5et1 ! bl9d m5 & ! elephant ph5om5on is evid5t1 9 spades4 ,9 my op9ion1 m flame w>s arise because ( a lack ( und]/&+ ( ! nature ( ,us5et ?an f any o!r s\rce4 ,& consid] t su* flame w>s arise1 ( necessity1 among p :o are on ,us5et4 ,imag9e1 !n1 h[ poorly und]/ood ,us5et mu/ be by ^? outside6 --,,m--7#g7 ,?is "t1 ! head] looks mu* m l ! gobbl$ygook y get 9 e-mail messages4 ,to keep read+1 hit y\r space b>4 ,if y hit y\r n key 7l[] case71 y'll g to ! next message 9 ! num]ical ord]4 ,to escape rn1 j keep hitt+ y\r q key 79 l[] case71 until y get back to ! comm& l9e4 ,n[ let's set up y\r read+ li/4 ,because rn uses ! same 4newsrc file z nn1 y c use "o ( ! se>*-&-replace me?ods describ$ above4 ,or y c d ?is3 ,type rn & hit ent]4 ,:5 ! fir/ newsgr\p comes up on y\r scre51 hit y\r u key 79 l[] case74 ,hit x aga91 & aga91 & aga94 ,or j keep x press$ d[n 7if y\r comput] />ts beep+1 let up = a c\ple ( seconds74 ,ev5tually1 y'll be told y're at ! end ( ! newsgr\ps1 & ask$ :at y want to d next4 ,"h's :]e y beg9 ent]+ newsgr\ps4 ,type g newsgr\p 7= example1 g comp4sys4mac4ann\nce7 & hit ent]4 ,y'll be ask$ if y want to subscribe4 ,hit y\r y key4 ,!n type g next newsgr\p 7= example1 g comp4ann\nce4newus]s7 & hit ent]4 ,repeat until done4 ,?is process w also set up y\r read+ li/ = nn1 if y pref] t newsread]4 ,b h[ d y "k :i* newsgr\ps to subscribe8 ,typ+ a l[]case l & !n hitt+ ent] w %[ y a li/ ( all available newsgr\ps4 ,aga91 s9ce !re c\ld be m ?an #b1jjj newsgr\ps on y\r sy/em1 ?is might n be some?+ y want to d4 ,=tunately1 y c se>* = gr\ps ) p>ticul> words 9 _! names1 us+ ! l comm&4 ,typ+ l mac foll[$ by ent]1 w br+ up a li/ ( newsgr\ps ) ^? lett]s 9 !m 7& z 9 nn1 y w also see gr\ps deal+ ) emacs & ! l1 9 addition to gr\ps relat$ to ,mac9to% comput]s74 ,because ( ! va/ am\nt ( messages transmitt$ ov] ,us5et1 mo/ sy/ems c>ry messages = only a few days or weeks4 ,s if !re's a message y want to keep1 y %\ld ei!r turn on y\r comput]'s scre5 capture or save x to a file :i* y c lat] d[nload74 ,to save a message z a file 9 rn1 type s fil5ame :]e fil5ame is :at y want to call ! file4 ,hit ent]4 ,y'll be ask$ if y want to save x 9 mailbox =mat4 ,9 mo/ cases1 y c answ] ) an n 7:i* w /rip (f ! head]74 ,! message w n[ be sav$ to a file 9 y\r ,news directory 7:i* y c access by typ+ cd ,news & !n hitt+ ent]74 ,also1 "s newsgr\ps fill up p>ticul>ly quickly -- g away = a c\ple ( days & y'll come back to f9d hundr$s ( articles6 ,"o way to deal ) t is to m>k !m z read s t !y no long] appe> on y\r scre54 ,9 nn1 hit a capital ,j2 9 rn1 a small c4 #c4e rn ,,comm&s ,diff]5t comm&s are available to y 9 rn dep5d+ on :e!r y are already 9 a newsgr\p or read+ a specific article4 ,at any po9t1 typ+ a l[]case h w br+ up a li/ ( available comm&s & "s t]se in/ructions = us+ !m4 ,"h are "s ( !m3 ,aft] y've j call$ up rn1 or )9 a newsgr\p3 c ,m>ks e article 9 a newsgr\p z read 7or caught up7 s t y don't h to see !m aga94 ,! sy/em w ask y if y are sure4 ,c be done ei!r :5 ask$ if y want to read a p>ticul> newsgr\p or once 9 ! newsgr\p4 g ,goes to a newsgr\p1 9 ?is =m3 g news4gr\p ,use ?is bo? = go+ to gr\ps to :i* y're already subscrib$ & subscrib+ to new gr\ps4 h ,provides a li/ ( available comm&s ) t]se in/ructions4 l ,gives a li/ ( all available newsgr\ps4 p ,goes to ! fir/ previ\s subscrib$ newsgr\p ) un-read articles4 q ,quits1 or exits1 rn if y h n yet gone into a newsgr\p4 ,if y are 9 a newsgr\p1 x quits t "o & br+s y to ! next subscrib$ newsgr\p4 ,only )9 a newsgr\p3 ,gives a li/ ( all available articles 9 ! newsgr\p4 m ,m>ks a specific article or s]ies ( articles z un-read aga9 s t y c come back to !m lat]4 ,typ+ #agjjm & hitt+ ent] w\ld m>k j t article z un-read4 ,typ+ #agjj-ahjjm & hitt+ ent] w\ld m>k all ( ^? articles z un- read4 space ,br+s up ! next page ( article li/+s4 ,if already on ! la/ page1 displays ! fir/ article 9 ! newsgr\p4 u ,un-subscribe f ! newsgr\p4 _/text_/ ,se>*es ?r\gh ! newsgr\p = articles ) a specific ^w or phrase 9 ! subject3 l9e1 f ! curr5t article to ! end ( ! newsgr\p4 ,= example1 _/,,eff_/ w\ld br+ y to ! fir/ article ) ,,eff 9 ! subject3 l9e4 8text8 ,! same z _/text_/ except x se>*es 9 rev]se ord] f ! curr5t article4 ,only )9 a specific article3 e ,"s newsgr\ps consi/ ( articles t are b9>y files1 typically programs or graphics images4 ,hitt+ e w conv]t ! ,,ascii *>act]s )9 su* an article into a file y c !n d[nload & use or view 7assum+ y h ! prop] comput] & s(tw>e74 ,_m times1 su* files w be split into sev]al articles2 j keep call+ up ! articles & hitt+ e until done4 ,y'll f9d ! result+ file 9 y\r ,news subdirectory4 ,c ,if y po/ an article & !n decide x 0 a mi/ake1 call x up on y\r ho/ sy/em & hit ?is4 ,! message w soon beg9 disappe>+ on sy/ems ar\nd ! _w4 ,f ,po/ a public response 9 ! newsgr\p to ! curr5t article4 ,includes a copy ( h] po/+1 :i* y c !n edit d[n us+ y\r ho/ sy/em's text editor4 f ,! same z above except x does n include a copy ( ! orig9al message 9 y\rs4 m ,m>ks ! curr5t article z un-read s t y c come back to x lat]4 ,y d n h to type ! article numb]4 ,control-,n ,br+s up ! fir/ response to ! article4 ,if !re is no foll[-up article1 ?is returns y to ! fir/ unread article 9 ! newsgr\p74 ,control-,p ,goes to ! message to :i* ! curr5t article is a reply4 n ,goes to ! next unread article 9 ! newsgr\p4 ,n ,takes y to ! next article 9 ! newsgr\p ev5 if y've already read x4 q ,quits1 or exits1 ! curr5t article4 ,leaves y 9 ! curr5t newsgr\p4 ,r ,reply1 via e-mail only1 to ! au?or ( ! curr5t article4 ,includes a copy ( 8 message 9 y\rs4 r ,! same z above1 except x does n include a copy ( 8 article4 s file ,copies ! curr5t article to a file 9 y\r ,news directory1 :]e file is ! "n ( ! file y want to save x to4 ,y'll be ask$ if y want to use mailbox =mat :5 sav+4 ,if y answ] by hitt+ y\r ,n key1 mo/ ( ! head] w n be sav$4 smail us] ,mails a copy ( ! article to somebody4 ,= us] sub/itute an e-mail address4 ,does n let y add comm5ts to ! message fir/1 h[ev]4 space ,hitt+ ! space b> %[s ! next page ( ! article1 or1 if at ! end1 goes to ! next un-read article4 #c4f ,,ess5tial ,,newsgr\ps ,) s mu* to *oose f1 ev]ybody w likely h _! own unique ,us5et read+ li/4 ,b !re are a few newsgr\ps t are p>ticul>ly ( int]e/ to newcom]s4 ,among !m3 news4ann\nce4newus]s ,?is gr\p consi/s ( a s]ies ( articles t expla9 v>i\s facets ( ,us5et4 news4newus]s4que/ions ,?is is :]e y c ask que/ions 7we'll see h[ 9 a bit7 ab\t h[ ,us5et works4 news4ann\nce4newsgr\ps ,look "h = in=mation ab\t new or propos$ newsgr\ps4 news4answ]s ,conta9s li/s ( ,frequ5tly ,ask$ ,que/ions 7,f,a,qs7 & _! answ]s f _m diff]5t newsgr\ps4 ,le>n h[ to fight jet lag 9 ! ,,faq f rec4travel4air2 look up answ]s to common que/ions ab\t ,micros(t ,w9d[s 9 an ,,faq f comp4os4ms-w9d[s2 etc4 alt4int]net4s]vices ,look+ = some?+ 9 p>ticul> on ! ,int]net8 ,ask "h4 alt4infosy/ems4ann\nce ,p add+ new in=mation s]vices to ! ,int]net w po/ details "h4 #c4g ,,speak+ ,,up ,?reads are an integral "p ( ,us5et4 ,:5 somebody po/s a message1 (t5 somebody else w respond4 ,soon1 a ?read ( conv]sation beg9s4 ,foll[+ ^! ?reads is relatively easy4 ,9 nn1 relat$ messages are gr\p$ toge!r4 ,9 rn1 :5 y're done ) a message1 y c hit control-,n to read ! next relat$ message1 or foll[up4 ,z y explore ,us5et1 x's probably a good idea to read discussions = a:ile be=e y jump 94 ,?is way1 y c get a feel = ! p>ticul> newsgr\p -- ea* has its own rhy?ms4 ,ev5tually1 ?\gh1 y'll want to speak up4 ,!re are two ma9 ways to d ?is4 ,y jo9 an exi/+ conv]sation1 or y c />t a :ole new ?read4 ,if y want to jo9 a discussion1 y h to decide if y want to include portions ( ! message y are respond+ to 9 y\r message4 ,! reason to d ?is is s p c see :at y're respond+ to1 j 9 case ! orig9al message has disappe>$ f _! sy/em 7rememb] t mo/ ,us5et messages h a %ort life span on ! av]age ho/ sy/em7 or !y c't f9d x4 ,if y're us+ a ,unix ho/ sy/em1 jo9+ an exi/+ conv]sation is simil> 9 bo? nn & rn3 hit y\r ,f key :5 done ) a giv5 article 9 ! ?read4 ,9 rn1 type a small f if y don't want to include portions ( ! message y're respond+ to2 an upp]case ,f if y d4 ,9 nn1 type a capital ,f4 ,y'll !n be ask$ if y want to include portions ( ! orig9al message4 ,& "h's :]e y hit ano!r ,unix wall4 ,:5 y hit y\r ,f key1 y\r ho/ sy/em calls up its basic ,unix text editor4 ,if y're lucky1 t'll be pico1 a v easy sy/em4 ,m likely1 h[ev]1 y'll get dump$ into emacs 7or possibly vi71 :i* y've already met 9 ! *apt] on e-mail4 ,! s+le mo/ important emacs comm& is control-x control-c ,?is means1 depress y\r control key & hit x4 ,!n depress ! control key & hit c4 ,memorize ?is4 ,9 fact1 x's s important1 x be>s repeat+3 control-x control-c ,^! key/rokes are h[ y get out ( emacs4 ,if !y "w well1 y'll be ask$ if y want to s5d1 edit1 abort or li/ ! message y 7 work+ on4 ,if !y don't "w well 7say y accid5tally hit "s o!r weird key comb9ation t means some?+ special to emacs7 & no?+ seems to happ51 or y j get m weird-look+ emacs prompts on ! bottom ( y\r scre51 try hitt+ control-g4 ,?is %\ld /op :atev] emacs 0 try+ to d 7y %\ld see ! ^w quit on ! bottom ( y\r scre571 aft] :i* y c hit control-x control-c4 ,b if ?is /ill doesn't "w1 rememb] t y c always disconnect & dial back 96 ,if y h told y\r newsread] y d want to include portions ( ! orig9al message 9 y\rs1 x w automatically put ! entire ?+ at ! top ( y\r message4 ,use ! arr[ keys to move d[n to ! l9es y want to delete & hit control-,k1 :i* w delete "o l9e at a "t4 ,y c !n write y\r message4 ,rememb] t y h to hit ent] be=e y\r cursor gets to ! end ( ! l9e1 because emacs does n h ^w wrapp+4 ,:5 done1 hit control-,x control-,c4 ,y'll be ask$ ! "q ab\t s5d+1 edit+1 abort+1 etc4 ,*oose "o4 ,if y hit ,y1 y\r ho/ sy/em w />t ! process to s5d+ y\r message across ! ,net4 ,! nn & rn programs "w diff]5tly :5 x comes to po/+ entirely new messages4 ,9 nn1 type 3po/ & hit ent] 9 any newsgr\p4 ,y'll be ask$ :i* newsgr\p to po/ a message to4 ,type 9 its "n & hit ent]4 ,!n y'll be ask$ = keywords4 ,^! are words y'd use to attract somebody scann+ a newsgr\p4 ,say y're sell+ y\r c>4 ,y might type ! type ( c> "h4 ,next comes a summ>y l9e1 :i* is some:at simil>4 ,f9ally1 y'll be ask$ = ! message's di/ribution4 ,?is is :]e y put h[ widely y want y\r message dissem9at$4 ,?9k ab\t ?is "o = a second4 ,if y are sell+ y\r c>1 x makes little s5se to s5d a message ab\t x all ov] ! _w4 ,b if y want to talk ab\t ! environm5t1 x might make a lot ( s5se4 ,ea* ho/ sy/em has its own set ( di/ribution classifications1 b !re's g5]ally a local "o 7j = us]s ( t sy/em71 "o = ! city1 /ate or region x's 91 ano!r = ! c\ntry 7= example1 usa71 "o = ! cont95t 7= ,am]icans & ,canadians1 na7 & f9ally1 "o = ! entire _w 7usually3 _w74 ,:i* "o to use8 ,g5]ally1 a c\ple ( seconds' ?\ght w help y decide4 ,if y're sell+ y\r c>1 use y\r city or regional di/ribution -- p 9 ,au/ralia won't mu* c>e & may ev5 get annoy$4 ,if y want to discuss presid5tial politics1 us+ a ,,usa di/ribution makes m s5se4 ,if y want to talk ab\t ev5ts 9 ! ,middle ,ea/1 s5d+ y\r message to ! entire _w is p]fectly acceptable4 ,!n y c type y\r message4 ,if y've compos$ y\r message (fl9e 7g5]ally a good idea if y & emacs don't get along71 y c upload x n[4 ,y may see a lot ( weird look+ *>act]s z x uploads into emacs1 b ^? w disappe> :5 y hit control-,x & !n control-,c4 ,alt]nately3 save ! message 7= example1 by hitt+ m 9 rn71 log out1 compose y\r message (fl9e1 log back on & upload y\r message into a file on y\r ho/ sy/em4 ,!n call up ,us5et1 f9d ! article y sav$4 ,/>t a reply1 & y'll be ask$ if y want to include a prep>$ message4 ,type 9 ! "n ( ! file y j creat$ & hit ent]4 ,9 rn1 y h to wait until y get to ! end ( a newsgr\p to hit ,f1 :i* w br+ up a message-compos+ sy/em4 ,alt]nately1 at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 y c type ,pnews & hit ent]4 ,y'll be prompt$ some:at simil>ly to ! nn sy/em1 except t y'll be giv5 a li/ ( possible di/ributions4 ,if y *ose _w1 y'll get ?is message3 ,?is program po/s news to ?\s&s ( ma*9es ?r\gh\t ! entire civiliz$ _w4 ,y\r message w co/ ! net hundr$s if n ?\s&s ( doll>s to s5d ev]y:]e4 ,please be sure y "k :at y are do+4 ,are y absolutely sure t y want to d ?is8 ny ,don't worry -- y\r message won't really co/ ! ,net untold am\nts1 al?\gh1 aga91 x's a good idea to ?9k = a second :e!r y\r message really %\ld g ev]y:]e4 ,if y want to respond to a giv5 po/ ?r\gh e-mail1 in/ead ( publicly1 hit ,r 9 nn or r or ,r 9 rn4 ,9 rn1 z ) foll[-up articles1 ! upp]-case key includes ! orig9al message 9 y\rs4 ,mo/ newsgr\ps are unmod]at$1 :i* means t e message y po/ w ev5tually w9d up on e ho/ sy/em )9 ! geographic region y specifi$ t c>ries t newsgr\p4 ,"s newsgr\ps1 h[ev]1 are mod]at$1 z y saw e>li] ) comp4risks4 ,9 ^! gr\ps1 messages are %ipp$ to a s+le location :]e a mod]ator1 act+ mu* l a magaz9e editor1 decides :at actually gets po/$4 ,9 "s cases1 gr\ps are mod]at$ l s*ol>ly j\rnals4 ,9 o!r cases1 x's to try to cut d[n on ! massive numb] ( messages t might o!rwise be po/$4 ,y'll notice t _m articles 9 ,us5et end ) a fancy signature t (t5 conta9s "s witty say+1 a clev] draw+ &1 almo/ incid5tally1 ! po/]'s "n & e-mail address4 ,y too c h y\r own signature automatically app5d$ to ev]y?+ y po/4 ,on y\r own comput]1 create a signature file4 ,try to keep x to f\r l9es or less1 le/ y annoy o!rs on ! ,net4 ,!n1 :ile connect$ to y\r ho/ sy/em1 type cat4signature & hit ent] 7note ! p]iod be=e ! s74 ,upload y\r signature file into ?is us+ y\r communications s(tw>e's ,,ascii upload protocol4 ,:5 done1 hit control-,d1 ! ,unix comm& = clos+ a file4 ,n[1 e "t y po/ a message1 ?is w be app5d$ to x4 ,!re are a few caveats to po/+4 ,us5et is no diff]5t f a ,t[n ,meet+ or publication3 y're n suppos$ to break ! law1 :e!r t's po/+ copyright$ mat]ial or engag+ 9 illegal activities4 ,x is also n a place to try to sell products 7except 9 c]ta9 biz4 & =-sale newsgr\ps74 #c4h ,,cross-,,po/+ ,sometimes1 y'll h an issue y ?9k %\ld be discuss$ 9 m ?an "o ,us5et newsgr\p4 ,r ?an po/+ individual messages 9 ea* gr\p1 y c po/ ! same message 9 sev]al gr\ps at once1 ?r\gh a process kn[n z cross-po/+4 ,say y want to />t a discussion ab\t ! political ramifications ( import+ r>e tropical fi% f ,brazil4 ,p :o read rec4aqu>ia might h some?+ to say4 ,s might p :o read alt4politics4animals & talk4politics4misc4 ,cross-po/+ is easy4 ,x also %\ld mean t p on o!r sy/ems :o subscribe to sev]al newsgr\ps w see y\r message only once1 r ?an sev]al times -- news-read+ s(tw>e c cancel out ! o!r copies once a p]son has read ! message4 ,:5 y get ready to po/ a message 7:e!r ?r\gh ,pnews = rn or ! 3po/ comm& 9 nn71 y'll be ask$ 9 :i* newsgr\ps4 ,type ! names ( ! v>i\s gr\ps1 sep>at$ by a comma1 b no space1 = example3 rec4aqu>ia1alt4politics4animals1talk4pol itics4misc & hit ent]4 ,aft] answ]+ ! o!r que/ions 7geographic di/ribution1 etc471 ! message w be po/$ 9 ! v>i\s gr\ps 7unless "o ( ! gr\ps is mod]at$1 9 :i* case ! message goes to ! mod]ator1 :o decides :e!r to make x public74 ,x's consid]$ bad =m to po/ to an excessive numb] ( newsgr\ps1 or inappropriate newsgr\ps4 ,probably1 y don't really h to po/ some?+ 9 #bj diff]5t places4 ,& :ile y may ?9k y\r p>ticul> political issue is vitally important to ! fate ( ! _w1 *ances are ! read]s ( rec4arts4comics w n1 or at lea/ n important en\gh to impose on !m4 ,y'll get a lot ( na/y e-mail messages dem&+ y re/rict y\r messages to ! appropriate newsgr\ps4 ,*apt] #d3 ,,us5et ,,ii #d4a ,,flame1 ,,bla!r ,,& ,,spew ,some?+ ab\t onl9e communications seems to make "s p p>ticul>ly irritable4 ,p]haps x's ! imm$iacy & semi-anonymity ( x all4 ,:atev] x is1 !re are :ole classes ( p y w soon ?9k seem to exi/ to make y mis]able4 ,r ?an paus+ & reflect+ on a message z "o might d ) a lett] receiv$ on pap]1 x's j s easy to hit y\r ,r key & tell somebody y don't really "k :at y really ?9k ( !m4 ,ev5 o!rwise calm p sometimes f9d !mselves turn+ into rav+ lunatics4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1 flames erupt4 ,a flame is a p>ticul>ly na/y1 p]sonal attack on somebody = some?+ he or %e has writt54 ,p]iodically1 an ex*ange ( flames erupts into a flame w> t beg9 to take up all ! space 9 a giv5 newsgr\p 7& sometimes sev]al2 flam]s l cross-po/+ to let ! _w "k h[ !y feel74 ,^! c g on = weeks 7sometimes !y g on = ye>s1 9 :i* case !y become holy w>s1 usually on su* topics z ! relative m]its ( ,mac9to%es & ,i,b,ms74 ,(t51 j :5 !y're dy+ d[n1 somebody new to ! flame w> reads all ! messages1 gets upset & issues an urg5t plea t ! flame w> be tak5 to e- mail s ev]ybody else c get back to :atev] ! newsgr\p's bus9ess is4 ,all ?is usually does1 ?\gh1 is />t a br& new flame w>1 9 :i* ?is poor p]son comes "u attack = d>+ to "q ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t1 prompt+ o!rs to jump on ! attack]s = impugn+ ?is poor s\l444 ,y get ! idea4 ,e s (t51 a discussion gets s out ( h& t somebody pr$icts t ei!r ! gov]nm5t w cat* on & %ut ! :ole ?+ d[n or somebody w sue to close d[n ! network1 or maybe ev5 ! wra? ( ,god w smote ev]ybody involv$4 ,?is br+s :at has become an inevitable rejo9d] f o!rs :o realize t ! network is1 9 fact1 a resili5t creature t w n die easily3 ,imm95t dea? ( ,us5et pr$ict$4 ,film at #aa4'' ,flame w>s c be trem5d\sly fun to wat* at fir/4 ,!y quickly gr[ bor+1 ?\gh4 ,& wait until ! fir/ "t y're attack$6 ,flam]s are n ! only net4*>act]s to wat* out =4 ,spew]s assume t :atev] !y are p>ticul>ly conc]n$ ab\t ei!r really is ( univ]sal int]e/ or %\ld be ramm$ d[n ! ?roats ( p :o don't seem to c>e -- z frequ5tly z possible4 ,y c usually tell a spew]'s "w by ! numb] ( articles he po/s 9 a day on ! same subject & ! numb] ( newsgr\ps to :i* he !n s5ds ^! articles -- bo? c rea* well into d\ble digits4 ,(t51 ^! messages relate to v>i\s e?nic conflicts ar\nd ! _w4 ,frequ5tly1 !re is no conceivable connection betwe5 ! issue at h& & mo/ ( ! newsgr\ps to :i* he po/s4 ,no matt]4 ,if y try to po9t ?is out 9 a response to "o ( ^! messages1 y w be inundat$ ) angry messages t ei!r accuse y ( be+ an ins5sitive raci/_/,am]ican_/:atev] or ignore y\r po9t entirely to br+ up sev]al hundr$ m l9es ( comm5t>y on ! p]fidy ( :oev] x is ! spew] ?9ks is out to de/roy 8 p4 ,closely relat$ to ^! folks are ! ,holocau/ revisioni/s1 :o p]iodically inundate c]ta9 gr\ps 7su* z soc4hi/ory7 ) long rants ab\t h[ ! ,holocau/ nev] really happ5$4 ,"s p attempt to refute ^! p ) facts1 b o!rs realize ?is only enc\rages !m4 ,bla!r]s t5d to be m b5ign4 ,_! problem is t !y j c't get to ! po9t -- !y c wr+ ?ree or f\r scre5fuls out ( a ?\ght t o!rs might sum up 9 a s5t5ce or two4 ,a relat$ condition is excessive quot+4 ,p afflict$ ) ?is w include an entire message 9 _! reply r ?an excis+ ! portions n relevant to :atev] po9t !y're try+ to make4 ,! wor/ quote a long message & !n add a s+le l9e3 ,i agree6 or "s su*1 (t5 foll[$ by a mon/] 4signature 7see section #d4e7 ,!re are a numb] ( o!r ,us5et d5iz5s y'll soon come to recognize4 ,among !m3 ,net4we5ies4 ,^! are ! k9d ( p :o enjoy ,insult+ o!rs1 ! k9d ( p :o po/ na/y messages 9 a sew+ newsgr\p j = ! hell ( x4 ,net4geeks4 ,p to :om ! ,net is ,life1 :o worry ab\t :at happ5s :5 !y graduate & !y lose _! free1 #bd-;h\r access4 ,net4gods4 ,! old-tim]s2 ! true titans ( ! ,net & ! keep]s ( its collective hi/ory4 ,!y 7 ar\nd :5 ! ,net consi/$ ( a c\ple ( comput]s ti$ toge!r ) bal+ wire4 ,lurk]s4 ,actually1 y c't tell ^! p are !re1 b !y are4 ,!y're ! folks :o read a newsgr\p b nev] po/ or respond4 ,wiz>ds4 ,p :o "k a p>ticul> ,net-relat$ topic inside & out4 ,unix wiz>ds c p]=m amaz+ tricks ) t op]at+ sy/em1 = example4 ,net4sa9ts4 ,always will+ to help a newcom]1 eag] to %>e _! k ) ^? n born ) an innate ability to navigate ! ,net1 !y are n z r>e z y might ?9k4 ,po/ a "q ab\t some?+ & y'll (t5 be surpris$ h[ _m responses y get4 ,! la/ gr\p br+s u back to ! ,net's oral tradition4 ,) few writt5 guides1 p h traditionally le>n$ _! way ar\nd ! ,net by ask+ somebody1 :e!r at ! t]m9al next to !m or on ! ,net itself4 ,t tradition cont9ues3 if y h a "q1 ask4 ,today1 "o ( ! places y c look = help is 9 ! news4newus]s4que/ions newsgr\p1 :i*1 z its "n sugge/s1 is a place to le>n m ab\t ,us5et4 ,b be c>eful :at y po/4 ,"s ( ! ,us5et wiz>ds !re get cranky sometimes :5 !y h to answ] ! same "q ov] & ov] aga94 ,oh1 !y'll ev5tually answ] y\r "q1 b n be=e !y tell y %\ld h ask$ y\r ho/ sy/em adm9i/rator fir/ or look$ at ! po/+s 9 news4ann\nce4newus]s4 #d4b ,,killfiles1 ,,! ,,cure ,,= ,,:at ,,ails ,,y ,z y keep read+ ,us5et1 y are go+ to run across ?+s or p t really drive y nuts -- or t y j get tir$ ( see+4 ,killfiles are j ! ?+ = y4 ,:5 y />t y\r newsread]1 x *ecks to see if y h any li/s ( words1 phrases or names y don't want to see4 ,if y d1 !n x blanks out any messages conta9+ ^? words4 ,su* z cascades4 ,z y saw e>li]1 :5 y po/ a reply to a message & include p>ts ( t message1 ! orig9al l9es %[ up ) a 9 front ( !m4 ,well1 :at if y reply to a reply8 ,!n y get a 9 front ( ! l9e4 ,& if y reply to t reply8 ,y get 4 ,keep ?is up1 & soon y get a triangle ( 's build+ up 9 y\r message4 ,!re are p :o l build+ up ^! triangles1 or cascades4 ,!y'll respond to y\r message by delet+ ev]y?+ y've said1 leav+ only ! ,9 message #abcdce1 y said3 "p & ! la/ l9e ( y\r message1 to :i* !y add a nons5sical retort4 ,on & on !y g until ! triangle has rea*$ ! "r end ( ! page4 ,!n !y try to exp& ! triangle by delet+ "o ) ea* new l9e4 ,:oev] gets to f9i% ?is mega-triangle w9s4 ,!re is ev5 a newsgr\p j = su* folks3 alt4cascade4 ,un=tunately1 cascad]s w\ld g5]ally r cascade 9 o!r newsgr\ps4 ,because x takes a lot ( messages to build up a complet$ cascade1 ! t>get$ newsgr\p soon fills up ) ^! messages4 ,( c\rse1 if y compla91 y'll be bomb>d$ ) messages ab\t ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t & arti/ic expression -- or worse1 ) ano!r cascade4 ,! only ?+ y c d is ignore !m1 by sett+ up a killfile4 ,!re are also c]ta9 newsgr\ps :]e killfiles w come 9 h&y because ( ! way ! newsgr\ps are organiz$4 ,= example1 read]s ( rec4arts4tv4soaps always use an acronym 9 _! subject3 l9e = ! %[ !y're writ+ ab\t 7,,amc1 = example1 = ,all ,my ,*ildr574 ,?is way1 p :o only want to read ab\t ,"o ,life to ,live c blank out all ! messages ab\t ,! ,"y & ! ,re/less & all ! o!rs 7to keep p f accid5tally scre5+ out messages t might conta9 ! lett]s gh 9 !m1 ,g5]al ,hospital view]s always use gh3 9 _! subject l9es74 ,bo? nn & rn let y create killfiles1 b 9 diff]5t ways4 ,to create a killfile 9 nn1 g into ! newsgr\p ) ! (f5d+ messages & type a capital ,k4 ,y'll see ?is at ! bottom ( y\r scre53 ,,auto 7k7ill or 7s7elect 7,,cr ,kill subject #cj days7 ,if y hit return1 nn w ask y :i* article's subject y're tir$ (4 ,*oose "o & ! article & any foll[-ups w disappe>1 & y won't see !m aga9 = #cj days4 ,if y type a l[]-case k in/ead1 y'll get ?is3 ,,auto ,,kill on 7s7ubject or 7n7ame 7s7 ,if y hit y\r ,s key or j ent]1 y'll see ?is3 ,,kill ,subject3 7_/7 ,type 9 ! "n ( ! (f5d+ ^w or phrase & hit ent]4 ,y'll !n be prompt$3 ,,kill 9 7g7r\p 'eff4te/' or 9 7a7ll gr\ps 7g7 except t ! "n ( ! gr\p y see w be ! "o y're actually 9 at ! mom5t4 ,because cascad]s & o!r annoy+ p (t5 cross-po/ _! messages to a wide range ( newsgr\ps1 y might consid] hitt+ a in/ead ( g4 ,next comes3 ,lifetime ( entry 9 days 7p7erman5t 7#cj7 ,! ,p key w scre5 out ! (f5d+ articles =ev]1 :ile hitt+ ent] w d x = #cj days4 ,y c also type 9 a numb] ( days = ! block+4 ,creat+ killfiles 9 rn works diff]5tly -- its default killfile g5]ator only works = messages 9 specific gr\ps1 r ?an globally = y\r entire newsgr\p li/4 ,to create a global killfile1 y'll h to write "o y\rself4 ,to create a killfile 9 rn1 g into ! newsgr\p :]e ! (f5d+ messages are & type 9 its numb] s y get x on y\r scre54 ,type a capital ,k4 ,f n[ on1 any message ) t subject l9e w disappe> be=e y read ! gr\p4 ,y %\ld probably *oose a reply1 r ?an ! orig9al message1 s t y w get all ( ! foll[ups 7! orig9al message won't h a ,re3 9 its subject l9e74 ,! next "t y call up t newsgr\p1 rn w tell y x's kill+ messages4 ,:5 x's done1 hit ! space b> to g back into read+ mode4 ,to create a global kill file t w automatically wipe out articles 9 all gr\ps y read1 />t rn & type control-,k4 ,?is w />t y\r :atev] text editor y h z y\r default on y\r ho/ sy/em & create a file 7call$ ,,kill1 9 y\r ,news subdirectory74 ,on ! fir/ l9e1 y'll type 9 ! ^w1 phrase or "n y don't want to see1 foll[$ by comm&s t tell rn :e!r to se>* an entire message = ! ^w or "n & !n :at to d :5 x f9ds x4 ,ea* l9e mu/ be 9 ?is =m _/patt]n_/modifi]3j ,patt]n is ! ^w or phrase y want rn to look =4 ,x's case-ins5sitive3 bo? te/ & ,te/ w be knock$ out4 ,! modifi] tells rn :e!r to limit its se>* to message head]s 7:i* c be useful :5 ! object is to nev] see messages f a p>ticul> p]son73 a3 ,looks ?r\gh an entire message h3 ,looks j at ! head] ,y c leave out ! modifi] comm&1 9 :i* case rn w look only at ! subject l9e ( messages4 ,! j at ! end tells rn to scre5 out all articles ) ! (f5d+ ^w4 ,s if y nev] want to see ! ^w foo 9 any head]1 ev] aga91 type ?is3 _/foo_/h3j ,?is is p>ticul>ly useful = gett+ rid ( articles f p :o po/ 9 m ?an "o newsgr\p1 su* z cascad]s1 s9ce an article's newsgr\p "n is always 9 ! head]4 ,if y j want to block messages ) a subject l9e ab\t cascades1 y c\ld try3 _/foo_/3j ,to kill any?+ t is a foll[up to any article1 use ?is patt]n3 _/,subject3 99,re3_/3j ,:5 done writ+ l9es = ea* phrase to scre51 exit ! text editor z y normally w\ld1 & y'll be put back 9 rn4 ,"o ^w ( caution3 g easy on ! global killfile4 ,an ext5sive global killfile1 or "o t makes frequ5t use ( ! a3 modifi] c dramatically sl[ d[n rn1 s9ce ! sy/em w n[ h to look at e s+le ^w 9 e s+le message 9 all ! newsgr\ps y want to read4 ,if !re's a p>ticul> p]son ^: po/s y nev] want to see aga91 fir/ f9d 8 or h] address 7:i* w be 9 ! f3 l9e ( 8 po/+s7 & !n write a l9e 9 y\r killfile l ?is3 _/,f3 99"naddress4all_/h3j #d4c ,,"s ,,us5et ,,h9ts ,case c\nts 9 ,unix -- mo/ ( ! "t4 ,_m ,unix comm&s1 includ+ _m ( ^? us$ = read+ ,us5et articles1 are case s5sitive4 ,hit a d :5 y meant a ,d & ei!r no?+ w happ51 or some?+ completely diff]5t f :at y expect$ w happ54 ,s wat* t case6 ,9 nn1 y c get help mo/ ( ! "t by typ+ a "q m>k 7! exception is :5 y are writ+ y\r own message1 because !n y are inside ! text-process+ program74 ,9 rn1 type a l[]-case h at any prompt to get "s onl9e help4 ,:5 y're se>*+ = a p>ticul> newsgr\p1 :e!r ?r\gh ! l comm& 9 rn or ) nngrep = nn1 y sometimes may h to try sev]al keywords4 ,= example1 !re is a newsgr\p d$icat$ to ! ,grateful ,dead1 b y'd nev] f9d x if y tri$1 say1 l grateful dead1 because ! "n is rec4music4gdead4 ,9 g5]al1 try ! smalle/ possible "p ( ! ^w or discussion y're look+ =1 = example1 use trek to f9d newsgr\ps ab\t ,/> ,trek4 ,if "o ^w doesn't produce any?+1 try ano!r4 #d4d ,,! ,,bra9-,,tumor ,,boy1 ,,! ,,modem ,,tax ,,& ,,! ,,*a9 ,,lett] ,l ! re/ ( ! _w1 ,us5et has its %>e ( urban leg5ds & que/ionable activities4 ,!re are ?ree 9 p>ticul> t plague ! network4 ,sp5d m ?an1 oh1 #ae m9utes )9 ,us5et & y're sure to run into ! ,bra9 ,tumor ,boy1 ! plot by ! evil ,,fcc to tax y\r modem & ,dave ,rhode's miracle cure = pov]ty4 ,= ! record1 "h's ! /ory on all ( !m3 ,!re once 0 a sev5-ye>-old boy 9 ,engl& nam$ ,craig ,%]gold :o 0 diagnos$ ) a seem+ly incurable bra9 tumor4 ,z he lay dy+1 he wi%$ only to h fri5ds s5d him po/c>ds4 ,! local newspap]s got a hold ( ! te>-j]k+ /ory4 ,soon1 ! boy's wi% _h *ang$3 he n[ want$ to get into ! ,gu9ness ,book ( ,_w ,records = ! l>ge/ po/c>d collection4 ,^w spread ar\nd ! _w4 ,p by ! millions s5t him po/c>ds4 ,miracul\sly1 ! boy liv$4 ,an ,am]ican billionaire ev5 flew him to ! ,u4,s4 = surg]y to remove :at rema9$ ( ! tumor4 ,& 8 wi% succe$$ beyond 8 wilde/ dreams -- he made ! ,gu9ness ,book ( ,_w ,records4 ,b ) ,craig n[ well into 8 te5s1 8 dream has turn$ into a nightm>e = ! po/ (fice 9 ! small t[n outside ,london :]e he lives4 ,l ,craig himself1 8 reque/ = c>ds j refuses to die1 inundat+ ! po/ (fice ) millions ( c>ds e ye>4 ,j :5 x seems l ! fl[ is sl[+1 along comes somebody else :o />ts up a :ole new slew ( reque/s = p to s5d ,craig po/ c>ds 7or greet+ c>ds or bus9ess c>ds -- ,craig lett]s h truly tak5 on a life ( _! own & begun to mutate74 ,ev5 ,de> ,abby has be5 p[]less to make x /op6 ,:at does any ( ?is h to d ) ! ,net8 ,! ,craig lett] seems to pop up on ,us5et z (t5 z x does on cork bo>ds at major corporations4 ,no matt] h[ _m times somebody l ,g5e ,spaf=d po/s p]iodic messages to ignore !m or sp5d y\r money on some?+ m s5sible 7a donation to ! local ,r$ ,cross1 say71 somebody manages to po/ a lett] ask+ read]s to s5d c>ds to poor little ,craig4 ,don't s5d any c>ds to ! ,f$]al ,communications ,commission1 ei!r4 ,9 #aihg1 ! ,,fcc consid]$ remov+ a tax break x _h grant$ ,compu,serve & o!r l>ge comm]cial comput] networks = use ( ! national phone sy/em4 ,! ,,fcc quickly reconsid]$ aft] al>m$ us]s ( bullet9-bo>d sy/ems bomb>d$ x ) compla9ts ab\t ?is modem tax4 ,n[1 e c\ple ( mon?s1 somebody po/s an urg5t message w>n+ ,net us]s t ! ,,fcc is ab\t to impose a modem tax4 ,?is is ,,n true4 ,! way y c tell if y're deal+ ) ! hoax /ory is simple3 x ,,always m5tions an incid5t 9 :i* a talk-%[ ho/ on ,,kgo radio 9 ,san ,francisco becomes outrag$ on ! air :5 he reads a /ory ab\t ! tax 9 ! ,new ,york ,times4 ,ano!r way to tell x's n true is t x nev] m5tions a specific ,,fcc docket numb] or clos+ date = comm5ts4 ,save t lett] to y\r congressman = some?+ else4 ,soon] or lat]1 y're go+ to run into a message titl$ ,make ,money ,fa/4 ,x's y\r basic *a9 lett]4 ,! ,us5et v]sion is always ab\t "s guy nam$ ,dave ,rhodes :o 0 on ! v]ge ( dea?1 or some?+1 :5 he discov]$ a p]fectly legal way to make tons ( money -- by po/+ a *a9 lett] on comput] sy/ems ar\nd ! _w4 ,yeah1 "r4 #d4e ,,big ,,sig ,!re are 4sigs & !re are 4sigs4 ,_m p put only b>e-bones in=mation 9 _! 4sig files -- _! names & e-mail addresses1 p]haps _! phone numb]s4 ,o!rs add a quotation !y ?9k is funny or pr(\nd & a disclaim] t _! views are n ^? ( _! employ]4 ,/ill o!rs add "s ,,ascii-art graphics4 ,& !n !re are ^? :o g totally b]s]k1 po/+ huge creations ) multiple quotes1 hide\s ,,ascii b>fics & m e-mail addresses ?an anybody c\ld humanly ne$4 ,college fre%m5 unlea%$ on ! ,net seem to excel at ^!4 ,y c see ! be/ ( ! wor/ 9 ! alt4fan4w>lord newsgr\p1 :i* exi/s solely to critique 4sigs t g too f>1 su* z3 9999999999 99 99 9999999999 99 99 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 99 99 99 99 9999 9999 99 99 99 99 99 999999999999 999999 99 99 99 999999 99 9999 9999999999 9999999999 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 9999999999 99 99 9999999999 9999999999 99 99 99999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 99 9999 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99999999 99 99 9999 9999999999 99 99 9999 99 99 99 99 9999 99 99 99 9999 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 9999999999 ,t-,h-,e ,m-,e-,g-,a ,b-,i-,g 4,s-,i-,g ,c-,o-,m-,p-,a-,n-,y ----------------------------- ,annoy+ p ) huge net4signatures = ov] #bj ye>s444 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a net4idiot & a bucket ( %it is t at lea/ a bucket c be empti$4 ,let me fur!r illu/rate my po9t by comp>+ ^! *>ts "h4 7pulls out *>ts7 ,"h we h a us] :o n only flames p :o don't agree ) 8 n>r[- m9d$ drivel1 b he has ?is huge signature t takes up _m pages ) useless quotes4 ,?is also makes read+ 8 frequ5t$ newsgr\ps a torture ak9 to hav+ at #cjj baud modem on a ,,vax4 ,i might also add t 8 contribution to society rivals only toxic dump sites4 -- ,rob]t ,a4 ,dump/ik1 ,jr ,presid5t ( ,! ,mega ,big ,sig ,company ,septemb] #ac?1 #aiij at #d3aepm ,dur+ 8 spee* at ! ,net4abus]s ,society ,lun*eon dur+ ! #aiij ,net4idiots ,annual ,conv5tion ,?omas ,babbit1 ,,iii3 #e? ,assi/ant to ! ,vice ,presid5t ( ,sales ,digital ,widget ,manufactur+ ,co4 _/ #aadg ,complex ,incorporat$ ,drive 7- ,suite #bae ,no/romo1 ,,va #bbeej-aadg ,,nc-#ag ,ent]poop ,%ip 37 ,phone #hjd-hdd-bebe ---------------- ,fax #hjd-daa-aaae ,%ut up1 ,wesley6 ,onl9e ,s]vice #hjd-daa-aajj -- ,me at #cjj-bdjj1 & n[ #ifjj baud6 ,p,u,net3 tbabb6digwig6no/romo ,home address3 ,inter,net3 dvad]imp]ial4emp4com ,?omas ,babbit1 ,,iii ,prodigy3 ,/ill await+ au?or- #ajd ,luzy] ,way ization ,sulaco1 ,,va #bbede ,manufactur+ educational widget ,phone #hjd-eee-aebd design = ov] #c ye>s444 ,introduc+3 ,! _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ _/ ,,etelh$ _/ ,,"o ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' #ej,megs ,onl9e6 ,! k#jjl ,,bbs = rad te5s6 ,lots ( games & _m bases = kul topix6 ,call n[ & be validat$ to ! ,metelh$ ,zone -- #hjd-eee-hejj -- ,v_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ _/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ ,?is is ! end1 my fri5d444 -- ,! ,doors ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,hit b to cont9ue ,hahahha444 fool$ u6 #d4f ,,! ,,fir/ ,,am5dm5t ,,z ,,local ,,ord9ance ,us5et's int]national rea* raises int]e/+ legal que/ions t h yet to be fully resolv$4 ,c a discussion or po/+ t is legal 9 "o c\ntry be transmitt$ to a c\ntry :]e x is aga9/ ! law8 ,does ! po/+ ev5 become illegal :5 x rea*es ! bord]8 ,& :at if t c\ntry is ! only pa? to a ?ird c\ntry :]e ! message is legal z well8 ,sev]al =eign colleges & o!r in/itutions h cut (f fe$s ( c]ta9 newsgr\ps :]e ,am]icans po/ :at is1 9 ! ,u4,s41 p]fectly legal discussions ( drugs or alt]native sexual practices4 ,ev5 9 ! ,u4,s41 "s univ]sities h discont9u$ c]ta9 newsgr\ps _! adm9i/rators f9d (f5sive1 aga91 usually 9 ! alt4 hi]>*y4 ,an int]e/+ example ( ?is sort ( "q happ5$ 9 #aiic1 :5 a ,canadian c\rt issu$ a gag ord] on ,canadian report]s cov]+ a p>ticul>ly controv]sial murd] case4 ,am]icans1 n b\nd by ! gag ord]1 began po/+ acc\nts ( ! trial -- :i* any ,canadian ) a ,net acc\nt c\ld promptly read4 #d4g ,,us5et ,,hi/ory ,9 ! late #aigjs1 ,unix develop]s came up ) a new feature3 a sy/em to all[ ,unix comput]s to ex*ange data ov] phone l9es4 ,9 #aigi1 two graduate /ud5ts at ,duke ,univ]sity 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,tom ,truscott & ,jim ,ellis1 came up ) ! idea ( us+ ?is sy/em1 kn[n z ,,uucp 7= ,unix-to-,unix ,co,py71 to di/ribute in=mation ( int]e/ to p 9 ! ,unix community4 ,along ) ,/eve ,bellov91 a graduate /ud5t at ! ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,/eve ,daniel1 !y wrote conf]5c+ s(tw>e & l9k$ toge!r comput]s at ,duke & ,,unc4 ,^w quickly spread & by #aiha1 a graduate /ud5t at ,b]keley1 ,m>k ,horton & a ne>by high s*ool /ud5t1 ,matt ,glickman1 _h releas$ a new v]sion t add$ m features & 0 able to h&le l>g] volumes ( po/+s -- ! orig9al ,nor? ,c>ol9a program 0 meant = only a few articles 9 a newsgr\p ea* day4 ,today1 ,us5et connects t5s ( ?\s&s ( sites ar\nd ! _w1 f ma9frames to ,amigas4 ,) m ?an #c1jjj newsgr\ps & untold ?\s&s ( read]s1 x is p]haps ! _w's l>ge/ comput] network4 #d4h ,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong 99 ,:5 y />t up rn1 y get a w>n+ t bogus newsgr\ps are pres5t4 ,)9 a c\ple ( m9utes1 y'll be ask$ :e!r to keep ^! or delete !m4 ,delete !m4 ,bogus newsgr\ps are newsgr\ps t y\r sy/em adm9i/rator or somebody else has det]m9$ are no long] ne$$4 99 ,:ile 9 a newsgr\p 9 rn1 y get a message3 skipp+ unavailable article4 ,?is is usually an article t somebody po/$ & !n decid$ to cancel4 99 ,y upload a text file to y\r ,unix ho/ sy/em = use 9 a ,us5et message or e-mail1 & :5 y or y\r recipi5t reads ! file1 e l9e ends ) a ,m4 ,?is happ5s because ,unix h&les l9e end+s diff]5tly ?an ,,ms- ,,dos or ,mac9to% comput]s4 ,mo/ ,unix sy/ems h programs to conv]t incom+ files f o!r comput]s4 ,to use x1 upload y\r file & !n1 at y\r comm& l9e1 type dos#bunix fil5ame fil5ame or mac#bunix fil5ame fil5ame dep5d+ on :i* k9d ( comput] y are us+ & :]e fil5ame is ! "n ( ! file y've j upload$4 ,a simil> program c prep>e text files = d[nload+ to y\r comput]1 = example3 unix#b;dos fil5ame fil5ame or unix#bmac fil5ame fil5ame w ensure t a text file y are ab\t to get w n come out look+ odd on y\r comput]4 #d4i ,,fyi ,leanne ,phillips p]iodically po/s a li/ ( frequ5tly ask$ que/ions 7& answ]s7 ab\t use ( ! rn killfile function 9 ! news4newus]s4que/ions & news4answ]s newsgr\ps on ,us5et4 ,bill ,wohl] po/s a guide to us+ ! nn newsread] 9 ! news4answ]s & news4s(tw>e newsgr\ps4 ,look 9 ! news4ann\nce4newus]s & news4gr\ps newsgr\ps on ,us5et = ,a ,guide to ,social ,newsgr\ps & ,mail+ ,li/s1'' :i* gives brief summ>ies ( ! v>i\s soc4 newsgr\ps4 ,manag+ ,,uucp & ,us5et1' by ,tim ,o',reilly & ,grace ,tod9o 7,o',reilly ,associates1 #aiib7 is a good guide = sett+ up y\r own ,us5et sy/em4 ,*apt] #e3 ,,mail+ ,,li/s ,,& ,,bitnet #e4a ,,int]net ,,mail+ ,,li/s ,us5et is n ! only =um on ! ,net4 ,scores ( mail+ li/s repres5t ano!r way to int]act ) o!r ,net us]s4 ,unlike ,us5et messages1 :i* are /or$ 9 "o c5tral location on y\r ho/ sy/em's comput]1 mail+-li/ messages are deliv]$ "r to y\r e-mail box1 unlike ,us5et messages4 ,y h to ask = p]mission to jo9 a mail+ li/4 ,unlike ,us5et1 :]e y\r message is di/ribut$ to ! _w1 on a mail+ li/1 y s5d y\r messages to a c5tral mod]ator1 :o ei!r re-mails x to ! o!r p on ! li/ or uses x to compile a p]iodic dige/ mail$ to subscrib]s4 ,giv5 ! numb] ( newsgr\ps1 :y w\ld anybody bo!r ) a mail+ li/8 ,ev5 on ,us5et1 !re are "s topics t j might n g5]ate en\gh int]e/ = a newsgr\p2 = example1 ! ,que5 li/1 :i* is all ab\t ! late ,fr$die ,m]cury's b&4 ,& because a mod]ator decides :o c p>ticipate1 a mail+ li/ c (f] a degree ( fre$om to speak "o's m9d 7or n worry ab\t net4we5ies7 t is n necess>ily possible on ,us5et4 ,sev]al gr\ps (f] anonym\s po/+s -- only ! mod]ator kn[s ! real names ( p :o contribute4 ,examples include #ab,/ep1 :]e p enroll$ 9 su* programs z ,alcoholics ,anonym\s c discuss _! exp]i5ces1 & sappho1 a li/ limit$ to gay & bisexual wom54 ,y c f9d mail+ addresses & descriptions ( ^! li/s 9 ! news4ann\nce4newus]s newsgr\p ) ! subject ( ,publicly ,accessible ,mail+ ,li/s4 ,mail+ li/s n[ numb] 9 ! hundr$s1 s ?is po/+ is divid$ into ?ree p>ts4 ,if y f9d a li/ to :i* y want to subscribe1 s5d an e- mail message to li/-reque/address :]e li/ is ! "n ( ! mail+ li/ & address is ! mod]ator's e-mail address1 ask+ to be add$ to ! li/4 ,include y\r full e-mail address j 9 case some?+ happ5s to y\r message's head] along ! way1 & ask1 if y're accept$1 = ! address to mail messages to ! li/4 #e4b ,,bitnet ,z if ,us5et & mail+ li/s 7 n en\gh1 !re are ,bitnet discussion gr\ps or li/s4 ,bitnet is an int]national network l9k+ colleges & univ]sities1 b x uses a diff]5t set ( te*nical protocols = di/ribut+ in=mation f ! ,int]net or ,us5et4 ,x (f]s hundr$s ( discussion gr\ps1 comp>able 9 scope to ,us5et newsgr\ps4 ,"o ( ! major diff]5ces is ! way messages are di/ribut$4 ,bitnet messages are s5t to y\r mailbox1 j z ) a mail+ li/4 ,h[ev]1 :]e mail+ li/s are (t5 ma9ta9$ by a p]son1 all ,bitnet discussion gr\ps are automat$ -- y subscribe to !m ?r\gh messages to a li/s]v] comput]4 ,?is is a k9d ( robot mod]ator t controls di/ribution ( messages on ! li/4 ,9 _m cases1 x also ma9ta9s indexes & ar*ives ( pa/ po/+s 9 a giv5 discussion gr\p1 :i* c be h&y if y want to get up to spe$ ) a discussion or j se>* = "s in=mation relat$ to x4 ,_m ,bitnet discussion gr\ps are n[ translat$ into ,us5et =m & c>ri$ ?r\gh ,us5et 9 ! bit4li/s]v hi]>*y4 ,9 g5]al1 x's probably bett] to read messages ?r\gh ,us5et if y c4 ,x saves "s /orage space on y\r ho/ sy/em's h>d drives4 ,if #ej p subscribe to ! same ,bitnet li/1 t means #ej copies ( ea* message get /or$ on ! sy/em2 :]eas if #ej p read a ,us5et message1 t's /ill only "o message t ne$s /orage on ! sy/em4 ,x c also save y\r sanity if ! discussion gr\p g5]ates l>ge numb]s ( messages4 ,?9k ( op5+ y\r e-mailbox "o day to f9d #bjj messages 9 x -- #aii ( !m f a discussion gr\p & "o ( !m a real e-mail message t's important to y4 ,subscrib+ & cancel+ subscriptions is done ?r\gh an e- mail message to ! li/s]v] comput]4 ,= address+1 all li/s]v]s are kn[n z li/s]v 7yep7 at "s ,bitnet address4 ,?is means y w h to add 4bitnet to ! end ( ! address1 if x's 9 a =m l ?is3 li/s]vmiamiu4 ,= example1 if y h an int]e/ 9 environm5tal issues1 y might want to subscribe to ! ,econet discussion gr\p4 ,to subscribe1 s5d an e-mail message to li/s]vmiamiu4bitnet ,"s ,bitnet li/s]v]s are also connect$ to ! ,int]net1 s if y see a li/s]v] address end+ 9 4edu1 y c e-mail ! li/s]v] )\t add+ 4bitnet to ! end4 ,always leave ! subject3 l9e blank 9 a message to a li/s]v]4 ,inside ! message1 y tell ! li/s]v] :at y want1 ) a s]ies ( simple comm&s3 subscribe gr\p ,y\r ,"n ,to subscribe to a li/1 :]e gr\p is ! li/ "n & ,y\r ,"n is y\r full "n1 = example3 subscribe econet ,h5ry ,field+ unsubscribe gr\p ,y\r ,"n ,to discont9ue a gr\p1 = example3 unsubscribe econet ,h5ry ,field+ li/ global ,?is s5ds y a li/ ( all available ,bitnet discussion gr\ps4 ,b be c>eful -- ! li/ is ,,v long6 get refc>d ,s5ds y a li/ ( o!r comm&s y c use ) a li/s]v]1 su* z comm&s = retriev+ pa/ po/+s f a discussion gr\p4 ,ea* ( ^! comm&s goes on a sep>ate l9e 9 y\r message 7& y c use "o or all ( !m74 ,if y want to get a li/ ( all ,bitnet discussion gr\ps1 s5d e-mail to li/s]vbitnic4educom4edu ,leave ! subject3 l9e blank & use ! li/ global comm&4 ,:5 y subscribe to a ,bitnet gr\p1 !re are two important diff]5ces f ,us5et4 ,fir/1 :5 y want to po/ a message = o!rs to read 9 ! discussion gr\p1 y s5d a message to ! gr\p "n at its ,bitnet address4 ,us+ ,econet z an example1 y w\ld mail ! message to3 econetmiamiu4bitnet ,note t ?is is diff]5t f ! li/s]v address y us$ to subscribe to ! gr\p to beg9 )4 ,use ! li/s]v address ,,only to subscribe to or unsubscribe f a discussion gr\p4 ,if y use ! discussion-gr\p address to try to subscribe or unsubscribe1 y\r message w g out to e o!r subscrib]1 _m ( :om w ?9k unk9d ?\ghts1 :i* !y may %>e ) y 9 an e-mail message74 ,! second diff]5ce relates to s5d+ an e-mail message to ! au?or ( a p>ticul> po/+4 ,us5et newsread]s su* z rn & nn let y d ?is ) "o key4 ,b if y hit y\r ,r key to respond to a discussion-gr\p message1 y\r message w g to ! li/s]v]1 & f !re to ev]ybody else on ! li/6 ,?is c prove emb>rass+ to y & annoy+ to o!rs4 ,to make sure y\r message goes j to ! p]son :o wrote ! po/+1 take d[n 8 e-mail address f ! po/+ & !n compose a br&-new message4 ,rememb]1 also1 t if y see an e-mail address l ,,izzy,,indyvms1 x's a ,bitnet address4 ,two ,bitnet li/s w prove helpful = delv+ fur!r into ! network4 ,,new-,,li/ tells y ! names ( new discussion gr\ps4 ,to subscribe1 s5d a message to li/s]vndsuvm#a4;bitnet3 sub ,,new-,,li/ ,y\r ,"n ,,infonets is ! place to g :5 y h que/ions ab\t ,bitnet4 ,x is also fir/ rate = help on que/ions ab\t all major comput] networks & h[ to rea* !m4 ,to subscribe1 s5d e-mail to info-nets- reque/?9k4com3 sub ,,infonets ,y\r ,"n ,bo? ( ^! li/s are also available on ,us5et1 ! =m] z bit4li/s]v4new-li/2 ! latt] z bit4li/s]v4infonets 7sometimes bit4li/s]v4info-nets74 ,*apt] #f3 ,,telnet #f4a ,,m9+ ,,! ,,net ,l any l>ge community1 cyb]space has its libr>ies1 places y c g to look up in=mation or take out a good book4 ,telnet is "o ( y\r keys to ^! libr>ies4 ,telnet is a program t lets y use ! p[] ( ! ,int]net to connect y to databases1 libr>y catalogs1 & o!r in=mation res\rces ar\nd ! _w4 ,want to see :at ! wea!r's l 9 ,v]mont8 ,*eck on crop conditions 9 ,az]baijan8 ,get m in=mation ab\t somebody ^: "n y've se5 onl9e8 ,telnet lets y d ?is1 & m4 ,alas1 !re's a big b6'' ,unlike ! phone sy/em1 ,int]net is n yet univ]sal2 n ev]ybody c use all ( its s]vices4 ,almo/ all colleges & univ]sities on ! ,int]net provide telnet access4 ,s d all ( ! =-fee public-access sy/ems li/$ 9 ,*apt] #a4 ,b ! ,free-,net sy/ems d n give y access to e telnet sy/em4 ,& if y are us+ a public-access ,,uucp or ,us5et site1 y w n h access to telnet4 ,! ma9 reason = ?is is co/4 ,connect+ to ! ,int]net c easily co/ #a1jjj or m = a leas$1 high-spe$ phone l9e4 ,"s databases & file libr>ies c be qu]i$ by e-mail1 h[ev]2 we'll %[ y h[ to d t lat] on4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! re/ ( ?is *apt] assumes y are connect$ to a site ) at lea/ p>tial ,int]net access4 ,mo/ telnet sites are fairly easy to use & h onl9e help sy/ems4 ,mo/ also "w be/ 7& 9 "s cases1 only7 ) ,,vt#ajj emulation4 ,let's dive "r 9 & try "o4 ,at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 type telnet access4usask4ca & hit ent]4 ,t's all y h to d to connect to a telnet site6 ,9 ?is case1 y'll be connect+ to a s]vice kn[n z ,hytelnet1 :i* is a database ( comput]iz$ libr>y catalogs & o!r databases available ?r\gh telnet4 ,y %\ld see some?+ l ?is3 ,try+ #abh4bcc4c4a 444 ,connect$ to access4usask4ca4 ,escape "* is ''4 ,ultrix ,,unix 7access4usask4ca7 log93 ,e telnet site has two addresses -- "o compos$ ( words t are easi] = p to rememb]2 ! o!r a num]ical address bett] suit$ = comput]s4 ,! escape "* is good to rememb]4 ,:5 all else fails1 hitt+ y\r control key & ! key at ! same "t w disconnect y & return y to y\r ho/ sy/em4 ,at ! log9 prompt1 type hytelnet & hit ent]4 ,y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,welcome to ,,hytelnet v]sion #f4b 4444444444444444444 ,:at is ,,hytelnet8 ,,:atis 4 ,up_/,d[n arr[s ,,move ,libr>y catalogs ,,sites#a 4 ,left_/,"r arr[s ,,select ,o!r res\rces ,,sites#b 4 8 = ,,help anytime ,help files = catalogs ,,op#jjj 4 ,catalog int]faces ,,sys#jjj 4 m returns "h ,int]net ,gloss>y ,,gloss>y 4 q quits ,telnet tips ,,telnet 4 ,telnet_/,,tn#cbgj escape keys ,,escape4,,key 4 ,key-/roke comm&s ,,help4,,txt 4 444444444444444444444444 ,,hytelnet #f4b 0 writt5 by ,pet] ,scott1 ,u ( ,saskat*ewan ,libr>ies1 ,saskatoon1 ,sask1 ,canada4 #aiib ,unix & ,,vms s(tw>e by ,e>l ,fogel1 ,comput+ ,s]vices1 ,u ( ,s #aiib ,! fir/ *oice1 ,,:atis w be highlight$4 ,use y\r d[n & up arr[s to move ! cursor among ! *oices4 ,hit ent] :5 y decide on "o4 ,y'll get ano!r m5u1 :i* 9 turn w br+ up text files tell+ y h[ to connect to sites & giv+ any special comm&s or in/ructions y might ne$4 ,hytelnet does h "o quirk4 ,to move back to :]e y />t$ 7= example1 f a sub-m5u to a ma9 m5u71 hit ! left-arr[ key on y\r comput]4 ,play ) ! sy/em4 ,y might want to turn on y\r comput]'s scre5-capture1 or at ! v lea/1 get out a p5 & pap]4 ,y're b\nd to run across "s int]e/+ telnet s]vices t y'll want to try -- & y'll ne$ _! telnet addresses4'' ,z y move ar\nd ,hytelnet1 x may seem z if y hav5't left y\r ho/ sy/em -- telnet c "w t quickly4 ,occasionally1 :5 network loads are heavy1 h[ev]1 y w notice a delay betwe5 ! "t y type a comm& or ent] a reque/ & ! "t ! remote s]vice responds4 ,to disconnect f ,hytelnet & return to y\r sy/em1 hit y\r q key & ent]4 ,"s telnet comput]s are set up s t y c only access !m ?r\gh a specific port4 ,9 ^? cases1 y'll always see a numb] aft] _! "n1 = example3 india4colorado4edu #ac4 ,x's important to include t numb]1 because o!rwise1 y may n get 94 ,9 fact1 try ! above address4 ,type telnet india4colorado4edu #ac & hit ent]4 ,y %\ld see some?+ l ?is3 ,try+ #abh4ach4adj4dd 444 ,foll[$ v quickly by ?is3 telnet india4colorado4edu #ac ,escape "* is ''4 ,sun ,jan #ag #ad3aa3da #aiid ,connection clos$ by =eign ho/4 ,:at we want is ! middle l9e1 :i* tells y ! exact ,m\nta9 ,/&>d ,"t1 z det]m9$ by a gov]nm5t-run atomic clock 9 ,b\ld]1 ,colo4 #f4b ,,libr>y ,,catalogs ,sev]al hundr$ libr>ies ar\nd ! _w1 f ! ,snohomi% ,public ,libr>y 9 ,wa%+ton ,/ate to ! ,libr>y ( ,congress are n[ available to y ?r\gh telnet4 ,y c use ,hytelnet to f9d _! names1 telnet addresses & use in/ructions4 ,:y w\ld y want to br[se a libr>y y c't physically get to8 ,_m libr>ies %>e books1 s if y\rs doesn't h :at y're look+ =1 y c tell ! libr>ian :]e he or %e c get x4 ,or if y live 9 an area :]e ! libr>ies are n yet onl9e1 y c use telnet to d "s basic bibliographic rese>* be=e y head d[n to ! local bran*4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t database programs 9 use by onl9e libr>ies4 ,h>v>d's is "o ( ! easi] ones to use1 s let's try x4 ,telnet to hollis4h>v>d4edu4 ,:5 y connect1 y'll see3 9999999999999999999999999999999999 ,h ,a ,r ,v ,a ,r ,d ,u ,n ,i ,v ,e ,r ,s ,i ,t ,y 9999999999999999999999999999999999 ,,(fice ,,= ,,in=mation ,,te*nology 999999 999999 999999 999999 ,,ve 999999 ,,ri 999999 999999 999999 999999 ,,hollis 7,h>v>d ,on,line ,l,ibrary ,sy/em7 9999999999 9999999999 99999999 ,,tas 99999999 ,,hubs 7,h>v>d ,univ]sity ,basic ,s]vices7 999999 999999 9999999999 ,,iu 7,in=mation ,utility7 999999 ,,cms 7,,vm_/,,cms ,time%>+ ,s]vice7 9999 ,,hollis ,,is ,,available ,,)\t ,,access ,,re/rictions 9999 ,access to o!r applications is limit$ to individuals :o h be5 grant$ specific p]mission by an au?oriz$ p]son4 ,to select "o ( ! applications above1 type its "n on ! comm& l9e foll[$ by y\r us] ,,id1 & press ,,return4 9999 ,,hollis ,,does ,,n ,,require ,a ,,us]id 9999 ,,examples3 ,,hollis 7press ,,return7 or ,,hubs us]id 7press ,,return7 ,type hollis & hit ent]4 ,y'll see sev]al scre5s fla% by quickly until f9ally ! sy/em /ops & y'll get ?is3 ,,welcome ,,to ,,hollis 7,h>v>d ,on,line ,libr>y ,in=mation ,sy/em7 ,to beg91 type "o ( ! #b-;"* database codes li/$ bel[3 ,,hu ,union ,catalog ( ! ,h>v>d libr>ies ,,ow ,catalog ( ,old] ,wid5] mat]ials ,,lg ,guide to ,h>v>d ,libr>ies & ,comput+ ,res\rces ,,ai ,exp&$ ,academic ,index 7selective #aihg-aihh1 full #aihi- 7 ,,lr ,legal ,res\rce ,index 7#aihj- 7 ,,pa ,,pais ,int]national 7#aihe- 7 ,to *ange databases f any place 9 ,,hollis1 type ,,*oose foll[$ by a #b-;"* database code1 z 93 ,,*oose ,,hu ,= g5]al help 9 us+ ,,hollis1 type ,,help4 ,= ,,hollis news1 type ,,help ,,news4 ,= ,,hollis h\rs ( op]ation1 type ,,help ,,h\rs4 ,,always ,,press ,,! ,,ent] ,,or ,,return ,,key ,,aft] ,,typ+ ,,y\r ,,comm& ,! fir/ ?+ to notice is ! "n ( ! sy/em3 ,hollis4 ,libr>ians ar\nd ! _w seem to be inord9ately f\nd ( cutesy1 an?ropomorphiz$ acronyms = _! ma*9es 7n f> f ,h>v>d1 ! libr>ians at ,br&eis ,univ]sity came up ) ,libr>y ,on-,l9e ,us] ,in=mation ,s]vice1 or ,l\is2 ,,mit has ,b>ton74 ,if y want to d "s g5]al br[s+1 probably ! be/ bet on ! ,h>v>d sy/em is to *oose ,,hu1 :i* gets y access to _! ma9 hold+s1 includ+ ^? ( its m$ical libr>ies4 ,*oose t1 & y'll see ?is3 ,,! ,,h>v>d ,,univ]sity ,,libr>y ,,union ,,catalog ,to beg9 a se>*1 select a se>* option f ! li/ bel[ & type its code on ! comm& l9e4 ,use ei!r upp] or l[] case4 ,,au ,au?or se>* ,,ti ,title se>* ,,su ,subject se>* ,,me ,m$ical subject se>* ,,keyword ,keyword se>* options ,,call ,call numb] se>* options ,,o!r ,o!r se>* options ,= in=mation on ! cont5ts ( ! ,union ,catalog1 type ,,help4 ,to exit ! ,union ,catalog1 type ,,quit4 ,a se>* c be ent]$ on ! ,,comm& l9e ( any scre54 ,,always ,,press ,,! ,,ent] ,,or ,,return ,,key ,,aft] ,,typ+ ,,y\r ,,comm&4 ,say y want to see if ,h>v>d has %$ ! />*y legacy ( ! ,puritans1 :o f\nd$ ! s*ool4 ,:y n see if !y h ,! ,joy ( ,sex some:]e 9 _! /acks8 ,type ,,ti ,joy ( ,sex & hit ent]4 ,?is comes up3 ,,hu3 ,,y\r ,,se>* ,,retriev$ ,,no ,,items4 ,ent] new comm& or ,,help4 ,y typ$3 ,,ti ,,joy ,,( ,,sex 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 99999999999999999999999999999999999999 ,,always ,,press ,,! ,,ent] ,,or ,,return ,,key ,,aft] ,,typ+ ,,y\r ,,comm&4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,options3 ,,f9d ,,/>t - se>* options ,,help ,,quit - exit database ,,comm&8 ,oh1 well6 ,d !y h any?+ t m5tions sex 9 ! title8 ,try ano!r ,,ti se>*1 b ?is "t j3 ,,ti sex4 ,y get3 ,,hu ,,guide3 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,se>* ,,results #bjhf items retriev$ by y\r se>*3 ,,f9d ,,ti ,,sex ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- #a ,,sex #b ,,sex ,a #hbc ,,sexa #hbg ,,sexbo #hca ,,sexce #hcc ,,sexdr #hcd ,,sexe #hgi ,,sexie #ibh ,,sexja #ibi ,,sexle #icj ,,sexo #ife ,,sexpi #ifh ,,sext #abhj ,,sexua #bjhd ,,sexwa #bjhe ,,sexy ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ,,options3 ,,index 7or ,i #e etc7 to see li/ ( items ,,help ,,/>t - se>* options ,,r$o - edit se>* ,,quit - exit database ,,comm&8 ,if y want to get m in=mation on ! fir/ l9e1 type #a & hit ent]3 ,,hu ,,index3 ,,li/ ,,( ,,items ,,retriev$ #bjhf items retriev$ by y\r se>*3 ,,f9d ,,ti ,,sex ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ,,sex #a g$des patrick sir #ahed #aicb_/ #aiad bks ,,sex ,a ,z #b gold5son rob]t m_/ #aihg bks ,,sex ,,abuse ,,hy/]ia ,,salem ,,wit* ,,trials ,,revisit$ #c g>dn] ri*>d a_/ #aiia bks ,,sex ,,aetates ,,mundi ,,engli% ,,& ,,iri% #d iri% sex aetates mundi_/ #aihc bks ,,sex ,,aft] ,,sixty ,a ,,guide ,,= ,,m5 ,,& ,,wom5 ,,= ,,_! ,,lat] ,,ye>s #e butl] rob]t n #aibg_/ #aigf bks ---------------------------------------- -------------- 7,,cont9ues7 ------------ ,,options3 ,,display #a 7or ,d #e etc7 to see a record ,,help ,,guide ,,m - next page ,,/>t - se>* options ,,r$o - edit se>* ,,quit - exit database ,,comm&8 ,mo/ libr>y sy/ems give y a way to log (f & return to y\r ho/ sy/em4 ,on ,hollis1 hit escape foll[$ by xx ,"o p>ticul>ly int]e/+ sy/em is ! "o run by ! ,colorado ,alliance ( ,rese>* ,libr>ies1 :i* ma9ta9s databases = libr>ies ?r\gh\t ,colorado1 ! ,we/ & ev5 9 ,bo/on4 ,telnet pac4c>l4org4 ,foll[ ! simple log-9 in/ructions4 ,:5 y get a m5u1 type #gb 7ev5 ?\gh t is n li/$71 :i* takes y to ! ,pikes ,peak ,libr>y ,di/rict1 :i* s]ves ! city ( ,colorado ,spr+s4 ,sev]al ye>s ago1 its libr>ians realiz$ !y c\ld use _! database program n j = books b = catalog+ city records & community in=mation1 z well4 ,today1 if y want to look up municipal ord9ances or city records1 y only h to type 9 ! ^w y're look+ = & y'll get back cites ( ! relevant laws or decisions4 ,c>l w also connect y to ! ,univ]sity ( ,hawaii libr>y1 :i*1 l ! "o 9 ,colorado ,spr+s1 has m ?an j bibliographic mat]ial onl9e4 ,"o ( its features is an onl9e ,hawaiian almanac t c tell y ev]y?+ y ev] want$ to "k ab\t ,hawaiians1 includ+ ! numb] injur$ 9 boogie-bo>d accid5ts ea* ye> 7sev574 #f4c ,,"s ,,int]e/+ ,,telnet ,,sites ,,agriculture ,p,e,n,pages1 run by ,p5nsylvania ,/ate ,univ]sity's ,college ( ,agricultural ,sci5ces1 provides weekly _w wea!r & crop reports f ! ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,^! reports detail ev]y?+ f ! effect ( ! wea!r on palm trees 9 ,malaysia to ! /ate ( ! ,ukra9ian :eat crop4 ,reports f ,p5nsylvania c\ntry ext5sion (fic]s (f] tips = improv+ f>m life4 ,"o database li/s ,p5nsylvania hay di/ributors by c\nty -- & rates ! quality ( _! hay6 ,! s]vice lets y se>* = in=mation two diff]5t ways4 ,a m5u sy/em gives y quick access to reports t *ange frequ5tly1 su* z ! weekly crop_/wea!r reports4 ,an index sy/em lets y se>* ?r\gh sev]al ?\s& onl9e docum5ts by keyword4 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 y c ei!r br[se ?r\gh an onl9e manual or *oose ,p,e,n,pages1'' :i* puts y into ! agriculture sy/em4 ,telnet3 psup54psu4edu ,us] "n3 ,y\r #b-lett] /ate code or ,,_w ,cali=nia ,/ate ,univ]sity's ,advanc$ ,te*nology ,in=mation ,network provides simil> in=mation z ,p,e,n,pages1 only focus+ on ,cali=nia crops4 ,x also ma9ta9s li/s ( upcom+ ,cali=nia trade %[s & c>ries updates on biote*nology4 ,telnet3 caticsuf4cati4csufresno4edu ,log 93 public ,y w !n be ask$ to regi/] & w be giv5 a us] "n & password4 ,hit a'' at ! ma9 m5u = agricultural in=mation4 ,hit d'' to call up a m5u t includes a biweekly biote*nology report4 ,,aids ,! ,univ]sity ( ,miami ma9ta9s a database ( ,,aids heal? provid]s 9 s\!rn ,florida4 ,telnet3 callcat4m$4miami4edu ,log 93 libr>y ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select ,p 7= ,,aids provid]s & y'll be able to se>* = doctors1 hospitals & o!r provid]s t c>e = pati5ts ) ,,aids4 ,y c also se>* by speciality4 ,see also "u ,conv]sation & ,heal?4 ,,amateur ,,radio3 ,! ,national ,ham ,radio ,call-,sign ,callbook lets y se>* = ,am]ican amateur op]ators by callsign1 city1 la/ "n or ,zip code4 ,a successful se>* w give y ! ham's "n1 address1 callsign1 age1 type ( lic5se & :5 he or %e got x4 ,telnet3 callsign4cs4buffalo4edu #bjjj or ham4njit4edu #bjjj4 ,:5 y connect1 y tell ! sy/em h[ y want to se>* & :at y're look+ =4 ,= example1 if y want to se>* = hams by city1 y w\ld type city city "n & hit ent] 7= example3 city ,kankakee74 ,o!r se>* *oices are call 7aft] :i* y w\ld type a ham's "n71 "n1 & zip 7:i* y w\ld foll[ ) a ,zip code74 ,be c>eful :5 se>*+ = hams 9 a l>ge city2 !re doesn't seem to be anyway to %ut (f ! li/ once x />ts except by us+ control-4 ,o!rwise1 :5 done1 type quit & hit ent] to disconnect4 ,,animals ,see "u ,heal?4 ,,calculators ,hewlett-,pack>d ma9ta9s a free s]vice on :i* y c seek advice ab\t _! l9e ( calculators4 ,telnet3 hpcvbbs4cv4hp4com ,no log-9 is ne$$4 ,,*emi/ry ,! ,electronic ,p]iodic ,table ( ! ,elem5ts draws ! table on y\r scre5 & !n lets y look up v>i\s prop]ties ( individual elem5ts4 ,telnet3 camms#b4;caos4kun4nl ,no password ne$$4 ,,congress ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress ,in=mation ,s]vice lets y se>* curr5t & pa/ legislation 7dat+ to #aihb74 ,telnet3 locis4loc4gov ,password3 none ne$$4 ,:5 y connect1 y'll get a ma9 m5u t lets y select f sev]al databases1 includ+ ! ,libr>y ( ,congress c>d catalog 7) book entries dat+ to #aigh7 & a database ( in=mation on copyright laws4 ,= ! congressional database1 select ! numb] next to its entry & hit ent]4 ,y'll !n be ask$ to *oose :i* legislative ye> to se>*4 ,aft] t1 a m5u simil> to ?is w come up3 999999,c#ajc- ,,! ,,legislative ,,in=mation ,,file ,,= ,,! #ajc,,rd ,,congress1 :i* 0 updat$ on #je_/aj_/ic & conta9s #d1jdd records1 is n[ available = y\r se>*4 ,,curr5cy3 ,all in=mation is ,,n curr5t ?r\gh ! above date1 :i* is ma*9e g5]at$ :5 ,,any in=mation is add$ to ! file4 ,bill numb]s1 (ficial titles1 sponsors1 & /atus 7,,/ep7 add$ )9 #dh h\rs4 ,index+ t]ms & dige/s add$ lat]1 9 "s cases sev]al weeks aft] ! bill is add$ to ! file4 ,,to ,,/>t ,,retrieve to f9d3 ,,examples3 ,,se>*3 memb] "n -------------- retrieve rep g+ri* retrieve s5 k5n$y bill numb] -------------- retrieve h4r4 #a subject keywords --------- retrieve day c>e ,,= ,,help3 ,type ! ^w ,,help & press ! ,,ent] key4 ,,ready ,,= ,,new ,,comm&3 ,,conv]sation ,communications ,canada1 a ,canadian gov]nm5t ag5cy is develop+ ,conv]sational ,hyp]text ,access ,te*nology 7,,*at7 is a sy/em be+ develop$ by ,communications ,canada to provide easy database access to p ) little or no comput] exp]i5ce1 us+ :at are kn[n z hyp]text l9ks4 ,in/ead ( cryptic comput] comm&s1 us]s type que/ions 9 ,engli%4 ,telnet3 debra4doc4ca ,log 93 *at ,y *oose "o ( ! ?ree databases n[ onl9e1 "o on ,,aids1 & !n ask que/ions 9 ,engli%4 ,ask ! ,,aids database1 ,:5 0 ,,aids fir/ discov]$8'' & x answ]s3 ,! fir/ case ( ,,aids 9 ,nor? ,am]ica 0 diagnos$ 9 #aigi4 ,be=e t1 x exi/$ 9 ,africa1 probably beg9n+ 9 ! #aiej's4 ,,aids 0 discov]$ 9 ,nor? ,am]ica :5 a numb] ( "y m5 ) a hi/ory ( homosexuality develop$ a r>e type ( canc] call$ ,kaposi's s>coma4'' ,sometimes1 y d h to rephrase y\r "q4 ,= example1 :5 ask$ ,:at is ! l9k betwe5 ,,aids & drug use8'' ! comput] responds3 ,i "k two ?+s ab\t drugs3 ! drugs t are us$ to treat p ) ,,aids1 & ! risks t drug us]s h 9 gett+ ,,aids4 ,please ask ab\t treatm5ts or drug us]s4'' ,,copyright ,,law ,see "u ,congress4 ,,curr5t ,,ev5ts ,e ye>1 ! ,,cia publi%es a ,fact ,book t is ess5tially an almanac ( all ! _w's c\ntries & int]national organizations1 includ+ su* in=mation z major products1 type ( gov]nm5t & names ( its lead]s4 ,x's available = se>*+ ?r\gh ! ,univ]sity ( ,m>yl& ,info ,database4 ,telnet3 info4umd4edu ,*oose a t]m9al type & hit ent] 7or j hit ent] if y are us+ ,,vt#ajj74 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 *oose ! numb] next to ,educational ,res\rces4 ,!n select ! numb] next to ,int]national1 foll[$ by ,factbook4 ,y c !n se>* by c\ntry or ag5cy4 ,?is site also ma9ta9s copies ( ! ,u4,s4 budget1 docum5ts relat$ to ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,free ,trade ,agreem5t & o!r gov]nm5t initiatives4 ,at ! ,educational ,res\rces m5u1 select ! numb] next to ,unit$ ,/ates & !n ! "o next to ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,access ,legislative ,in=mation ,s]vice lets y br[se ?r\gh & look up bills be=e ! ,hawaiian legislature4 ,telnet3 access4uhcc4hawaii4edu ,,environm5t ,envirol9k is a l>ge database & conf]5ce sy/em ab\t ! environm5t1 bas$ 9 ,pittsburgh4 ,telnet3 envirol9k4org ,log on3 goph] ,! ,u4,s4 ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy ma9ta9s onl9e databases ( mat]ials relat$ to haz>d\s wa/e1 ! ,clean ,lakes program & cleanup ef=ts 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,! ag5cy plans to ev5tually include cleanup "w 9 o!r regions1 z well4 ,! database is actually a comput]iz$ c>d catalog ( ,,epa docum5ts -- y c look ! docum5ts up1 b y'll /ill h to visit y\r regional ,,epa (fice to see !m4 ,telnet3 epaibm4rtpnc4epa4gov ,no password or us] "n is ne$$4 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 type public & hit ent] 7!re are o!r li/$ *oices1 b !y are only = use by ,,epa employees74 ,y'll !n see a "o-l9e m5u4 ,type ols & hit ent]1 & y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,,net-#ajf ,logon to ,,tso#jd 9 progress4 ,,databases3 ,n ,,national ,,catalog ,,* ,,*emical ,,coll4 ,,sy/em ,h ,,haz>d\s ,,wa/e #a ,,region ,i ,l ,,clean ,,lakes ,,o!r ,,options3 8 ,,help ,q ,,quit ,,ent] ,,selection -- ,*oose "o & y'll get a m5u t lets y se>* by docum5t title1 keyword1 ye> ( publication or corporation4 ,aft] y ent] ! se>* ^w & hit ent]1 y'll be told h[ _m mat*es 7 f\nd4 ,hit #a & !n ent] to see a li/ ( ! entries4 ,to view ! bibliographic record = a specific entry1 hit ,v & ent] & !n type ! numb] ( ! record4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ma9ta9s a database ( newspap] & magaz9e articles relat$ to ! environm5t1 ) ! emphasis on ,mi*igan1 dat+ back to #aihj4 ,telnet3 h]mes4m]it4edu ,ho/3 mirlyn ,log 93 meem ,,geography ,! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ,geographic ,"n ,s]v] c provide basic in=mation1 su* z population1 latitude & longitude ( ,u4,s4 cities & _m m\nta9s1 riv]s & o!r geographic features4 ,telnet3 m>t9i4eecs4umi*4edu #cjjj ,no password or us] "n is ne$$4 ,type 9 ! "n ( a city1 a ,zip code or a geographic feature & hit ent]4 ,! sy/em doesn't l names ) abbreviations 9 !m 7= example1 ,mt4 ,mc,kinley71 s spell !m out 7= example1 ,m\nt ,mc,kinley74 ,by typ+ 9 a t[n's "n or zip code1 y c f9d out a community's c\nty1 ,zip code & longitude & latitude4 ,n all geographic features are yet includ$ 9 ! database4 ,,gov]nm5t ,! ,national ,te*nical ,in=mation ,s]vice runs a sy/em t n only provides huge numb]s ( f$]al docum5ts ( all sorts -- f environm5tal fact%eets to pat5t ab/ract -- b s]ves z a gateway to doz5s ( o!r f$]al in=mation sy/ems4 ,telnet3 f$world4gov ,log on z3 new ,see also "u ,congress & ,curr5t ,ev5ts4 ,,heal? ,! ,u4,s4 ,food & ,drug ,adm9i/ration runs a database ( heal?- relat$ in=mation4 ,telnet3 fdabbs4fda4gov ,log 93 bbs ,y'll !n be ask$ = y\r "n & a password y want to use 9 ! future4 ,aft] t1 type topics & hit ent]4 ,y'll see ?is3 ,,topics ,,description 99 ,,news ,news releases 99 ,,en=ce ,en=cem5t ,report 99 ,,approvals ,drug & ,device ,product ,approvals li/ 99 ,,cdrh ,c5t]s = ,devices & ,radiological ,heal? ,bullet9s 99 ,,bullet9 ,text f ,drug ,bullet9 99 ,,aids ,curr5t ,in=mation on ,,aids 99 ,,consum] ,,fda ,consum] magaz9e index & select$ articles 99 ,,subj-,,reg ,,fda ,f$]al ,regi/] ,summ>ies by ,subject 99 ,,answ]s ,summ>ies ( ,,fda in=mation 99 ,,index ,index ( ,news ,releases & ,answ]s 99 ,,date-,,reg ,,fda ,f$]al ,regi/] ,summ>ies by ,publication ,date 99 ,,congress ,text ( ,te/imony at ,,fda ,congressional ,he>+s 99 ,,spee* ,spee*es ,giv5 by ,,fda ,commission] & ,deputy 99 ,,vetnews ,vet]9>y ,m$ic9e ,news 99 ,,meet+s ,upcom+ ,,fda ,meet+s 99 ,,import ,import ,al]ts 99 ,,manual ,on-,l9e ,us]'s ,manual ,y'll be able to se>* ^! topics by key ^w or *ronologically4 ,x's probably a good idea1 h[ev]1 to capture a copy ( ! manual1 fir/1 because ! way se>*+ works on ! sy/em is a little odd4 ,to capture a copy1 type manual & hit ent]4 ,!n type scan & hit ent]4 ,y'll see ?is3 ,,= ,,li/ ,,( ,,available ,,topics ,,type ,,topics ,,or ,,ent] ,,! ,,topic ,,y ,,desire ,,manual ,,bbsus] #jh-,,oct-#ia #a ,,bbs ,us] ,manual ,at ?is po9t1 turn on y\r own comput]'s scre5-capture or logg+ function & hit y\r #a key & !n ent]4 ,! manual w beg9 to scroll on y\r scre51 paus+ e #bd l9es4 ,,hir+ ,,& ,,college ,,program ,,in=mation ,! ,f$]al ,in=mation ,ex*ange 9 ,gai!rsburg1 ,,md1 runs two sy/ems at ! same address3 ,,f$ix & ,,molis4 ,,f$ix (f]s rese>*1 s*ol>%ip & s]vice in=mation = sev]al f$]al ag5cies1 includ+ ,,nasa1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy & ! ,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration4 ,sev]al m f$]al ag5cies provide m9ority hir+ & s*ol>%ip in=mation4 ,,molis provides in=mation ab\t m9ority colleges1 _! programs & pr(essors4 ,telnet3 f$ix4fie4com ,us] "n3 f$ix 7= ! f$]al hir+ database7 or molis 7= ! m9ority-college sy/em7 ,bo? use easy m5us to get y to in=mation4 ,,hi/ory ,/an=d ,univ]sity ma9ta9s a database ( docum5ts relat$ to ,m>t9 ,lu?or ,k+4 ,telnet3 =sy!tn4/an=d4edu ,acc\nt3 socrates ,at ! ma9 m5u1 type select mlk & hit ent]4 ,,ski ,,reports ,see "u wea!r4 ,,space ,,nasa ,spacel9k 9 ,huntsville1 ,ala41 provides all sorts ( reports & data ab\t ,,nasa1 its hi/ory & its v>i\s missions1 pa/ & pres5t4 ,y'll f9d detail$ reports on e s+le probe1 satellite & mission ,,nasa has ev] laun*$ along ) daily updates & lesson plans = tea*]s4 ,! sy/em ma9ta9s a l>ge file libr>y ( ,,gif-=mat space graphics1 b y c't d[nload ^! ?r\gh telnet4 ,if y want !m1 y h to dial ! sy/em directly1 at 7#bje7 #hie-jjbh4 ,telnet3 spacel9k4msfc4nasa4gov ,:5 y connect1 y'll be giv5 an ov]view ( ! sy/em & ask$ to regi/] & *oose a password4 ,! ,,n$-,,nasa_/,,ipac ,extragalactic ,database li/s data on m ?an #ajj1jjj galaxies1 quas>s & o!r objects outside ! ,milky ,way4 ,telnet3 ipac4calte*4edu4 ,log 93 n$ ,y c le>n m ?an y ev] want$ to ab\t quas>s1 novae & relat$ objects on a sy/em run by ! ,smi?sonian ,a/rophysical ,obs]vatory 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,telnet3 cfa#bjd4;h>v>d4edu ,log 93 e9l9e ,! physics dep>tm5t at ! ,univ]sity ( ,massa*usetts at ,amh]/ runs a bullet9-bo>d sy/em t provides ext5sive conf]5ces & docum5t libr>ies relat$ to space4 ,telnet3 spacemet4pha/4umass4edu ,log on ) y\r "n & a password4 ,,supreme ,,c\rt ,,decisions ,! ,univ]sity ( ,m>yl& ,info ,database ma9ta9s ,u4,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt decisions f #aiia on4 ,telnet3 info4umd4edu ,*oose a t]m9al type & hit ent] 7or j hit ent] if y are us+ ,,vt#ajj74 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 *oose ! numb] next to ,educational ,res\rces & hit ent]4 ,"o ( y\r options w !n be = ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,select t numb] & !n1 at ! next m5u1 *oose ! "o next to ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,,telnet ,hytelnet1 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,saskat*ewan1 is an onl9e guide to hundr$s ( telnet sites ar\nd ! _w4 ,telnet3 access4usask4ca ,log 93 hytelnet ,,"t ,to f9d out ! exact "t3 ,telnet3 india4colorado4edu #ac ,y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,escape "* is ''4 ,sun ,apr #e #ad3aa3da #aiib ,connection clos$ by =eign ho/4 ,! middle l9e tells y ! date & exact ,m\nta9 ,/&>d ,"t1 z det]m9$ by a f$]al atomic clock4 ,,transportation ,! ,subway ,navigator 9 ,p>is c help y le>n h[ long x w take to get f po9t ,a to po9t ,b on subway sy/ems ar\nd ! _w4 ,telnet3 metro4jussieu4fr #ajjjj ,no log-9 is ne$$4 ,:5 y connect1 y'll be ask$ to *oose a language 9 :i* to se>* 7y c *oose ,engli% or ,fr5*7 & !n a city to se>*4 ,y'll be ask$ = ! /ation y plan to leave f & ! /ation y want to get to4 ,,wea!r ,! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan's ,dep>tm5t ( ,atmosph]ic1 ,oceanographic & ,space ,sci5ces supplies wea!r =eca/s = ,u4,s4 & =eign cities1 along ) ski+ & hurricane reports4 ,telnet3 madlab4sprl4umi*4edu #cjjj 7note ! #cjjj74 ,no log-9 "n is ne$$4 ,also see "u ,wea!r 9 ! ,,ftp li/ = in=mation on d[nload+ satellite & rad> wea!r images4 #f4d ,,telnet ,,bullet9-,,bo>d ,,sy/ems ,y might ?9k t ,us5et1 ) its hundr$s ( newsgr\ps1 w\ld be en\gh to satisfy ! mo/ d$icat$ ( onl9e communicators4 ,b !re are a numb] ( bullet9-bo>d & o!r sy/ems t provide ev5 m conf]5ces or o!r s]vices1 _m n f\nd directly on ! ,net4 ,"s are free2 o!rs *>ge = access4 ,!y include3 ,book/acks ,unlimit$ is a ,clevel& book/ore t uses ! ,int]net to adv]tise its s]vices4 ,its onl9e sy/em features n only a catalog1 h[ev]1 b conf]5ces on books & lit]ature4 ,telnet3 books4com ,log 9 ) y\r own "n & select a password = future connections4 ,cim>ron4 ,run by ! ,in/ituto ,te*nical 9 ,mont]ey1 ,mexico1 ?is sy/em has ,spani% conf]5ces1 b ,engli% comm&s1 z y c see f ?is m5u ( available conf]5ces3 ,li/ ( ,bo>ds ,"n ,title ,g5]al ,bo>d g5]al ,dudas ,dudas de ,cim>ron ,com5t>ios ,com5t>ios al ,,sysop ,musica ,p>a los af9ados44444444 ,libros ,el sano arte de le]44444 ,si/emas ,si/emas ,op]ativos en ,g5]al4 ,virus ,su peor enemigo444444 ,cultural ,espacio ,cultural de ,cim>ron ,ne,x,t ,el ,mundo de ,ne,x,t ,ci5cias ,solo apto p>a ,n]ds4 ,inspiracion ,p>a los ,romanticos e ,inspirados4 ,deportes ,discusiones ,deportivas ,to be able to write messages & ga9 access to files1 y h to leave a note to ,,sysop ) y\r "n1 address1 occupation & phone numb]4 ,to d ?is1 at any prompt1 hit y\r ,m key & !n ent]1 :i* w br+ up ! mail sy/em4 ,hitt+ ,h br+s up a li/ ( comm&s & h[ to use !m4 ,telnet3 bugs4mty4itesm4mx 7#h p4m4 to #aj a4m41 ,ea/]n "t1 only74 ,at ! log93 prompt1 type bbs & hit ent]4 ,clevel& ,free-,net4 ,! fir/ ( a s]ies ( ,free-nets1 ?is repres5ts an ambiti\s attempt to br+ ! ,net to ! public4 ,orig9ally an 9-hospital help network1 x is n[ sponsor$ by ,case ,we/]n ,res]ve ,univ]sity1 ! city ( ,clevel&1 ! /ate ( ,ohio & ,,ibm4 ,x uses simple m5us1 simil> to ^? f\nd on ,compu,serve1 b organiz$ l a city3 ,,clevel& ,,free-,,net ,,directory #a ,! ,adm9i/ration ,build+ #b ,! ,po/ ,(fice #c ,public ,squ>e #d ,! ,c\r?\se ,gov]nm5t ,c5t] #e ,! ,arts ,build+ #f ,sci5ce & ,te*nology ,c5t] #g ,! ,m$ical ,arts ,build+ #h ,! ,s*oolh\se 7,academy ,"o7 #i ,! ,community ,c5t] ,recreation ,area #aj ,! ,bus9ess & ,indu/rial ,p>k #aa ,! ,libr>y #ab ,univ]sity ,circle #ac ,! ,teleport #ad ,! ,communications ,c5t] #ae ,,nptn_/,,usa ,,today ,,headl9e ,,news ---------------------------------------- -------- h,help1 x,exit ,free-,net1 g helpext5d$ help ,y\r ,*oice ,! sy/em has a va/ & gr[+ collection ( public docum5ts1 f copies ( ,u4,s4 & ,ohio ,supreme ,c\rt decisions to ! ,magna ,c>ta & ! ,u4,s4 ,con/itution4 ,x l9ks resid5ts to v>i\s gov]nm5t ag5cies & has daily /ories f ,,usa ,today4 ,beyond ,us5et 7f\nd 9 ! ,teleport area71 x has a l>ge collection ( local conf]5ces on ev]y?+ f pets to politics4 ,& yes1 x's free6 ,telnet3 fre5et-9-a4cwru4edu or fre5et-9-b4cwru4edu or fre5et-9-c4cwru4edu ,:5 y connect to ,free-,net1 y c look ar\nd ! sy/em4 ,h[ev]1 if y want to be able to po/ messages 9 its conf]5ces or use e-mail1 y w h to apply 9 writ+ = an acc\nt4 ,in=mation on ?is is available :5 y connect4 ,,dubbs4 ,?is is a bullet9-bo>d sy/em 9 ,delft 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,! conf]5ces & files are mo/ly 9 ,dut*1 b ! help files & ! sy/em comm&s !mselves are 9 ,engli%4 ,telnet3 tudrwa4tudelft4nl ,,isca ,,bbs4 ,run by ! ,i[a ,/ud5t ,comput] ,association1 x has m ?an #ajj conf]5ces1 includ+ sev]al 9 =eign languages4 ,aft] y regi/]1 hit ,k = a li/ ( available conf]5ces & !n ,j to jo9 a p>ticul> conf]5ce 7y h to type 9 ! "n ( ! conf]5ce1 n ! numb] next to x74 ,hitt+ ,h br+s up in=mation ab\t comm&s4 ,telnet bbs4isca4ui[a4edu ,at ! log93 prompt1 type bbs & hit ent]4 ,y\ng/[n ,free-,net4 ,! p :o creat$ ,clevel& ,free-,net sell _! s(tw>e = #a to anybody will+ to set up a simil> sy/em4 ,a numb] ( cities n[ h _! own ,free-,nets1 includ+ ,y\ng/[n1 ,ohio4 ,telnet3 yfn4ysu4edu ,at ! log93 prompt1 type visitor & hit ent]4 #f4e ,,putt+ ,,! ,,f+] ,,on ,,someone ,f+] is a h&y little program :i* lets y f9d out m ab\t p on ! ,net -- & lets y tell o!rs on ! ,net m ab\t y\rself4 ,f+] uses ! same concept z telnet or ftp4 ,b x works ) only "o file1 call$ 4plan 7yes1 ) a p]iod 9 front74 ,?is is a text file an ,int]net us] creates ) a text editor 9 8 home directory4 ,y c put y\r phone numb] 9 !re1 tell a little bit ab\t y\rself1 or write almo/ any?+ at all4 ,to f+] somebody else's 4plan file1 type ?is at ! comm& l9e3 f+] email-address :]e email-address is ! p]son's e-mail address4 ,y'll get back a display t %[s ! la/ "t ! p]son 0 onl9e1 :e!r !y've gott5 any new mail s9ce t "t & :at1 if any?+1 is 9 _! 4plan file4 ,"s p & in/itutions h come up ) creative uses = ^! 4plan files1 lett+ y d ev]y?+ f *eck+ ! wea!r 9 ,massa*usetts to gett+ ! late/ baseball /&+s4 ,try f+]+ ^! e-mail addresses3 wea!rcirrus4mit4edu ,late/ ,national ,wea!r ,s]vice wea!r =eca/s = regions 9 ,massa*usetts4 quakegeophys4wa%+ton4edu ,locations & magnitudes ( rec5t e>?quakes ar\nd ! _w4 jt*]nocf4b]keley4edu ,curr5t major-league baseball /&+s & results ( ! previ\s day's games4 nasanewsspace4mit4edu ,! day's ev5ts at ,,nasa4 cokecs4cmu4edu ,see h[ _m cans ( ea* type ( soda are left 9 a p>ticul> soda ma*9e 9 ! comput]-sci5ce dep>tm5t ( ,c>negie-,mellon ,univ]sity4 #f4f ,,f9d+ ,,someone ,,on ,,! ,,net ,s y h a fri5d & y want to f9d out if he has an ,int]net acc\nt to :i* y c write8 ,! quicke/ way may be to j pick up ! phone1 call him & ask him4 ,al?\gh !re are a v>iety ( :ite pages s]vices available on ! ,int]net1 !y are f> f complete -- college /ud5ts1 us]s ( comm]cial s]vices su* z ,compu,serve & _m ,int]net public-access sites1 & _m o!rs simply won't be li/$4 ,major e-mail provid]s are work+ on a univ]sal directory sy/em1 b t c\ld be "s "t away4 ,9 ! meantime1 a c\ple ( :ite pages s]vices might give y "s leads1 or ev5 j ent]ta9 y z y look up fam\s p or long-lo/ acqua9tances4 ,! :ois directory provides names1 e-mail & po/al mail address & (t5 phone numb]s = p li/$ 9 x4 ,to use x1 telnet to int]nic4net ,no log-on is ne$$4 ,! quicke/ way to use x is to type :ois "n at ! prompt1 :]e "n is ! la/ "n or organization "n y're look+ =4 ,ano!r s]vice wor? try+1 especially s9ce x seems to give beg9n]s few] problems1 is ! ,kn[bot ,in=mation ,s]vice rea*able by telnet at info4cnri4re/on4va4u #ahe ,aga91 no log-on is ne$$4 ,?is s]vice actually se>*es ?r\gh a v>iety ( o!r :ite pages sy/ems1 includ+ ! us] directory = ,m,c,i,mail4 ,to look = somebody1 type qu]y "n :]e "n is ! la/ "n ( ! p]son y're look+ =4 ,y c get details ( o!r comm&s by hitt+ a "q m>k at ! prompt4 ,y c also use ! kn[bot sy/em by e-mail4 ,/>t a message to netaddressinfo4cnri4re/on4va4u ,y c leave ! subject3 l9e blank4 ,z y\r message1 type qu]y "n = ! simple/ type ( se>*4 ,if y want details on m complex se>*es1 add ano!r l9e3 man ,ano!r way to se>* is via ! ,us5et "n s]v]4 ,?is is a sy/em at ,,mit t keeps track ( ! e-mail addresses ( ev]ybody :o po/s a ,us5et message t appe>s at ,,mit4 ,x works by e-mail4 ,s5d a message to mail-s]v]rtfm4mit4edu ,leave ! subject3 l9e blank4 ,z y\r message1 write s5d us5et-addresses_/la/name :]e la/name is ! la/ "n ( ! p]son y're look+ =4 #f4g ,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong 99 ,no?+ happ5s :5 y try to connect to a telnet site4 ,! site c\ld be d[n = ma9t5ance or problems4 99 ,y get a ho/ unavailable message4 ,! telnet site is d[n = "s reason4 ,try aga9 lat]4 99 ,y get a ho/ unkn[n message4 ,*eck y\r spell+ ( ! site "n4 99 ,y type 9 a password on a telnet site t requires "o1 & y get a log9 incorrect message4 ,try logg+ 9 aga94 ,if y get ! message aga91 hit y\r control & keys at ! same "t to dis5gage & return to y\r ho/ sy/em4 99 ,y c't seem to disconnect f a telnet site4 ,use control- to dis5gage & return to y\r ho/ sy/em4 #f4h ,,fyi ,! ,us5et newsgr\ps alt4int]net4s]vices & alt4bbs4int]net c provide po9t]s to new telnet sy/ems4 ,scott ,yan(f p]iodically po/s 8 ,updat$ ,int]net ,s]vices ,li/ 9 ! =m]4 ,! alt4bbs4int]net newsgr\p is also :]e y'll f9d ,ayd9 ,edgu]'s comp5dium ( ,f,a,qs relat$ to ,int]net bullet9-bo>d sy/ems4 ,pet] ,scott1 :o ma9ta9s ! ,hytelnet database1 runs a mail+ li/ ab\t new telnet s]vices & *anges 9 exi/+ ones4 ,to get on ! li/1 s5d him a note at scottsklib4usask4ca4 ,gleason ,sackman ma9ta9s ano!r mail+ li/ d$icat$ to new ,int]net s]vices & news ab\t ! new uses to :i* ! ,net is be+ put4 ,to subscribe1 s5d a message to li/s]vint]nic4net4 ,leave ! subject3 l9e blank1 & z y\r message1 write3 ,sub net-happ5+s ,y\r ,"n4 ,*apt] #g3 ,,ftp #g4a ,,tons ,,( ,,files ,hundr$s ( sy/ems connect$ to ,int]net h file libr>ies1 or ar*ives1 accessible to ! public4 ,mu* ( ?is consi/s ( free or l[- co/ %>ew>e programs = virtually e make ( comput]4 ,if y want a diff]5t communications program = y\r ,,ibm1 or feel l play+ a new game on y\r ,amiga1 y'll be able to get x f ! ,net4 ,b !re are also libr>ies ( docum5ts z well4 ,if y want a copy ( a rec5t ,u4,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt decision1 y c f9d x on ! ,net4 ,copies ( hi/orical docum5ts1 f ! ,magna ,c>ta to ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce are also y\rs = ! ask+1 along ) a translation ( a telegram f ,l59 ord]+ ! execution ( rebelli\s peasants4 ,y c also f9d song lyrics1 poems1 ev5 summ>ies ( e ,lo/ 9 ,space episode ev] made4 ,y c also f9d ext5sive files detail+ ev]y?+ y c\ld ev] possibly want to "k ab\t ! ,net itself4 ,fir/ y'll see h[ to get ^! files2 !n we'll %[ y :]e !y're kept4 ,! commone/ way to get ^! files is ?r\gh ! file transf] protocol1 or ftp4 ,z ) telnet1 n all sy/ems t connect to ! ,net h access to ftp4 ,h[ev]1 if y\r sy/em is "o ( ^!1 y'll be able to get _m ( ^! files ?r\gh e-mail 7see ! next *apt]74 ,/>t+ ftp is z easy z us+ telnet4 ,at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 type ftp site4"n & hit ent]1 :]e site4"n is ! address ( ! ftp site y want to rea*4 ,"o major diff]5ce betwe5 telnet & ftp is t x is consid]$ bad =m to connect to mo/ ftp sites dur+ _! bus9ess h\rs 7g5]ally #f a4m4 to #f p4m4 local "t74 ,?is is because transf]r+ files across ! network takes up consid]able comput+ p[]1 :i* dur+ ! day is likely to be ne$$ = :atev] ! comput]'s ma9 function is4 ,!re are "s ftp sites t are accessible to ! public #bd h\rs a day1 ?\gh4 ,y'll f9d ^! not$ 9 ! li/ ( ftp sites 9 section #g4f #g4b ,,y\r ,,fri5d ,,ar*ie ,h[ d y f9d a file y want1 ?\gh8 ,until a few ye>s ago1 ?is c\ld be q ! pa9 -- !re 0 no ma/] directory to tell y :]e a giv5 file might be /or$ on ! ,net4 ,:o'd want to slog ?r\gh hundr$s ( file libr>ies look+ = some?+8 ,alan ,emtage1 ,bill ,heelan & ,pet] ,deuts*1 /ud5ts at ,mc,gill ,univ]sity 9 ,montreal1 ask$ ! same "q4 ,unlike ! wea!r1 ?\gh1 !y did some?+ ab\t x4 ,!y creat$ a database sy/em1 call$ ar*ie1 t w\ld p]iodically call up file libr>ies & basically f9d out :at !y _h available4 ,9 turn1 anybody c\ld dial into ar*ie1 type 9 a file "n1 & see :]e on ! ,net x 0 available4 ,ar*ie curr5tly catalogs close to #a1jjj file libr>ies ar\nd ! _w4 ,today1 !re are ?ree ways to ask ar*ie to f9d a file = y3 ?r\gh telnet1 cli5t ,ar*ie program on y\r own ho/ sy/em or e- mail4 ,all ?ree me?ods let y type 9 a full or p>tial file "n & w tell y :]e on ! ,net x's /or$4 ,if y h access to telnet1 y c telnet to "o ( ! foll[+ addresses3 ar*ie4mcgill4ca2 ar*ie4sura4net2 ar*ie4unl4edu2 ar*ie4ans4net2 or ar*ie4rutg]s4edu4 ,if ask$ = a log-9 "n1 type ar*ie & hit ent]4 ,:5 y connect1 ! key comm& is prog1 :i* y use 9 ?is =m3 prog fil5ame foll[$ by ent]1 :]e fil5ame is ! program or file y're look+ =4 ,if y're unsure ( a file's complete "n1 try typ+ 9 "p ( ! "n4 ,= example1 ,,pkzip w "w z well z ,,pkzip#bjd4;,,exe4 ,! sy/em does n support ,,dos or ,unix wildc>ds4 ,if y ask ar*ie to look = ,,pkzip991 x w tell y x c\ldn't f9d any?+ by t "n4 ,"o ?+ to keep 9 m9d is t a file is n necess>ily ! same z a program -- x c\ld also be a docum5t4 ,?is means y c use ar*ie to se>* =1 say1 ev]y?+ onl9e relat$ to ! ,beetles1 z well z comput] programs & graphics files4 ,a numb] ( ,net sites n[ h _! own ar*ie programs t take y\r reque/ = in=mation & pass x onto ! ne>e/ ar*ie database -- ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator if %e has x onl9e4 ,^! cli5t programs seem to provide in=mation a lot m quickly ?an ! actual ar*ie itself6 ,if x is available1 at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 type ar*ie -s fil5ame :]e fil5ame is ! program or docum5t y're look+ =1 & hit ent]4 ,! -s tells ! program to ignore case 9 a file "n & lets y se>* = p>tial mat*es4 ,y might actually want to type x ?is way3 ar*ie -s fil5amem :i* w /op ! output e scre5 7h&y if !re are _m sites t c>ry ! file y want74 ,or y c\ld op5 a file on y\r comput] ) y\r text-logg+ function4 ,! ?ird way1 = p )\t access to ei!r ( ! above1 is e- mail4 ,s5d a message to ar*iequi*e4cs4mcgill4ca4 ,y c leave ! subject l9e blank4 ,inside ! message1 type prog fil5ame :]e fil5ame is ! file y're look+ =4 ,y c ask ar*ie to look up sev]al programs by putt+ _! names on ! same prog l9e1 l ?is3 prog file#a file#b file#c ,)9 a few h\rs1 ar*ie w write back ) a li/ ( ! appropriate sites4 ,9 all ?ree cases1 if !re is a sy/em t has y\r file1 y'll get a response t looks some?+ l ?is3 ,ho/ sumex-aim4/an=d4edu ,location3 _/info-mac_/comm ,,file -rw-r--r-- #behbef ,feb #ae #ag3jg zt]m-#ji4;hqx ,location3 _/info-mac_/misc ,,file -rw-r--r-- #gdij ,sep #ab #aiia zt]m-sys#g-;color-icons4hqx ,*ances are1 y w get a numb] ( simil> look+ responses = ea* program4 ,! ho/ is ! sy/em t has ! file4 ,! ,location tells y :i* directory to look 9 :5 y connect to t sy/em4 ,ignore ! funny-look+ collections ( r's & hyph5s = n[4 ,aft] !m1 come ! size ( ! file or directory li/+ 9 bytes1 ! date x 0 upload$1 & ! "n ( ! file4 #g4c ,,gett+ ,,! ,,files ,n[ y want to get t file4 ,assum+ y\r ho/ site does h ftp1 y connect 9 a simil> fa%ion to telnet1 by typ+3 ftp sumex-aim4/an=d4edu 7or ! "n ( :i*ev] site y want to rea*74 ,hit ent]4 ,if ! connection works1 y'll see ?is3 ,connect$ to sumex-aim4/an=d4edu4 #bbj ,,sumex-,,aim ,,ftp s]v] 7,v]sion #d4aif ,mon ,jan #ac #ac3eb3bc ,,p/ #aiib7 ready4 ,"n 7sumex-aim4/an=d4edu3adamg73 ,if no?+ happ5s aft] a m9ute or s1 hit control-,c to return to y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e4 ,b if x has work$1 type anonym\s & hit ent]4 ,y'll see a lot ( ref]5ces on ! ,net to anonym\s ftp4 ,?is is h[ x gets its "n -- y don't really h to tell ! libr>y site :at y\r "n is4 ,! reason is t ^! sites are set up s t anybody c ga9 access to c]ta9 public files1 :ile lett+ p ) acc\nts on ! sites to log on & access _! own p]sonal files4 ,next1 y'll be ask$ = y\r password4 ,z a password1 use y\r e-mail address4 ,?is w !n come up3 #bcj ,gue/ connection accept$4 ,re/rictions apply4 ,remote sy/em type is ,,unix4 ,us+ b9>y mode to transf] files4 ftp ,n[ type ls & hit ent]4 ,y'll see some?+ awful l ?is3 #bjj ,,port comm& successful4 #aej ,op5+ ,,ascii mode data connection = _/b9_/ls4 total #bfcf -rw-rw-r-- #a #j #ca #dddd ,m> #c #aa3cd ,,readme4,,po/+ dr-xr-xr-x #b #j #a #eab ,nov #h #aa3jf b9 -rw-r--r-- #a #j #j #aajcjifj ,apr #b #ad3jf core dr--r--r-- #b #j #a #eab ,nov #h #aa3jf etc drwxrwsr-x #e #ac #bb #eab ,m> #ai #ab3bg imap drwxr-xr-x #be #ajaf #ca #eab ,apr #d #jb3ae info-mac drwxr-x--- #b #j #ca #ajbd ,apr #e #ae3ch pid drwxrwsr-x #ac #j #bj #ajbd ,m> #bg #ad3jc pub drwxr-xr-x #b #ajgg #bj #eab ,feb #f #aihi tmyc9 #bbf ,transf] complete4 ftp ,ack6 ,let's deciph] ?is ,rosetta ,/one4 ,fir/1 ls is ! ftp comm& = display+ a directory 7y c actually use dir z well1 b if y're us$ to ,,ms-,,dos1 ?is c\ld lead to confusion :5 y try to use dir on y\r ho/ sy/em1 :]e x won't "w1 s x's probably bett] to j rememb] to always use ls = a directory :ile onl9e74 ,! v fir/ lett] on ea* l9e tells y :e!r ! li/+ is = a directory or a file4 ,if ! fir/ lett] is a d1'' or an l1 x's a directory4 ,o!rwise1 x's a file4 ,! re/ ( t weird set ( lett]s & da%es consi/ ( flags t tell ! ftp site :o c look at1 *ange or delete ! file4 ,y c safely ignore x4 ,y c also ignore ! re/ ( ! l9e until y get to ! second numb]1 ! "o j be=e ! date4 ,?is tells y h[ l>ge ! file is1 9 bytes4 ,if ! l9e is = a directory1 ! numb] gives y a r\gh indication ( h[ _m items are 9 t directory -- a directory li/+ ( #eab bytes is relatively small4 ,next comes ! date ! file or directory 0 upload$1 foll[$ 7f9ally67 by its "n4 ,notice ! ,,readme4,,po/+ file up at ! top ( ! directory4 ,mo/ ar*ive sites h a read me docum5t1 :i* usually conta9s "s basic in=mation ab\t ! site1 its res\rces & h[ to use !m4 ,let's get ?is file1 bo? = ! in=mation 9 x & to see h[ to transf] files f !re to "h4 ,at ! ftp prompt1 type get ,,readme & hit ent]4 ,note t ftp sites are no diff]5t f ,unix sites 9 g5]al3 !y are case-s5sitive4 ,y'll see some?+ l ?is3 #bjj ,,port comm& successful4 #aej ,op5+ ,,b9>y mode data connection = ,,readme 7#dddd bytes74 #bbf ,transf] complete4 #dddd bytes receiv$ 9 #a4aggseconds 7#c4h ,kbytes_/s7 ,& t's x6 ,! file is n[ locat$ 9 y\r home directory on y\r ho/ sy/em1 f :i* y c n[ d[nload x to y\r own comput]4 ,! simple get comm& is ! key to transf]r+ a file f an ar*ive site to y\r ho/ sy/em4 ,if y want to d[nload m ?an "o file at a "t 7say a s]ies ( docum5ts1 use mget in/ead ( get2 = example3 mget 994txt ,?is w transf] copies ( e file end+ ) 4txt 9 ! giv5 directory4 ,be=e ea* file is copi$1 y'll be ask$ if y're sure y want x4 ,despite ?is1 mget c\ld /ill save y consid]able "t -- y won't h to type 9 e s+le file "n4 ,if y want to save ev5 m "t1 & are sure y really want ,,all ( ! giv5 files1 type prompt be=e y d ! mget comm&4 ,?is w turn (f ! prompt1 & all ! files w be zapp$ "r into y\r home directory4 ,!re is "o o!r comm& to keep 9 m9d4 ,if y want to get a copy ( a comput] program1 type b9 & hit ent]4 ,?is tells ! ftp site & y\r ho/ site t y are s5d+ a b9>y file1 i4e41 a program4 ,mo/ ftp sites n[ use b9>y =mat z a default1 b x's a good idea to d ?is 9 case y've connect$ to "o ( ! few t doesn't4 ,to swit* to a directory1 type cd directory-"n 7sub/itut+ ! "n ( ! directory y want to access7 & hit ent]4 ,type ls & hit ent] to get ! file li/+ = t p>ticul> directory4 ,to move back up ! directory tree1 type cd 44 7note ! space betwe5 ! d & ! fir/ p]iod7 & hit ent]4 ,or y c\ld type cdup & hit ent]4 ,keep do+ ?is until y get to ! directory ( int]e/4 ,alt]nately1 if y already "k ! directory pa? ( ! file y want 7f our fri5d ar*ie71 aft] y connect1 y c\ld simply type get directory_/subdirectory_/fil5ame ,on _m sites1 files meant = public consumption are 9 ! pub or public directory2 sometimes y'll see an info directory4 ,almo/ e site has a b9 directory1 :i* at fir/ glance s\nds l a b9 9 :i* int]e/+ /uff might be dump$4 ,b x actually /&s = b9>y & is simply a place = ! sy/em adm9i/rator to /ore ! programs t run ! ftp sy/em4 ,lo/f\nd is ano!r directory t looks int]e/+ b actually nev] has any?+ ( public int]e/ 9 !m4 ,be=e1 y saw h[ to use ar*ie4 ,f our example1 y c see t "s sy/em adm9i/rators g a little b]s]k :5 nam+ files4 ,=tunately1 !re's a way = y to r5ame ! file z x's be+ transf]r$4 ,us+ our ar*ie example1 y'd type get zt]m-sys#g-;color-icons4hqx zt]m4hqx & hit ent]4 ,in/ead ( hav+ to deal con/antly ) a file call$ zt]m-sys#g-;color-icons4hqx1 y'll n[ h "o call$1 simply1 zt]m4hqx4 ,^? la/ ?ree lett]s br+ up some?+ else3 ,_m program files are compress$ to save on space & transmission "t4 ,9 ord] to actually use !m1 y'll h to use an un-compress program on !m fir/4 #g4d ,,odd ,,lett]s -- ,,decod+ ,,file ,,end+s ,!re are a wide v>iety ( compression me?ods 9 use4 ,y c tell :i* me?od 0 us$ by ! la/ "o to ?ree lett]s at ! end ( a file4 ,"h are "s ( ! m common ones & :at y'll ne$ to un- compress ! files !y create 7mo/ ( ^! decompression programs c be locat$ ?r\gh ar*ie74 4txt or 4,,txt ,by itself1 ?is means ! file is a docum5t1 r ?an a program4 4ps or 4,,ps ,a ,post,script docum5t 79 ,adobe's page description language74 ,y c pr9t ?is file on any ,post,script capable pr9t]1 or use a preview]1 l ,,gnu project's ,ghost,script4 4doc or 4,,doc ,ano!r common ext5sion = docum5ts4 ,no decompression is ne$$1 unless x is foll[$ by3 4,z ,?is indicates a ,unix compression me?od4 ,to uncompress1 type uncompress fil5ame4,z & hit ent] at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e4 ,if ! file is a compress$ text file1 y c read x onl9e by in/ead typ+ zcat fil5ame4txt4,z m u#af4zip is an ,,ms-,,dos program t w let y d[nload su* a file & uncompress x on y\r own comput]4 ,! ,mac9to% equival5t program is call$ ,mac,compress 7use ar*ie to f9d ^!74 4zip or 4,,zip ,^! indicate ! file has be5 compress$ ) a common ,,ms-,,dos compression program1 kn[n z ,,pkzip 7use ar*ie to f9d ,,pkzip#bjd4;,,exe74 ,_m ,unix sy/ems w let y un-,,zip a file ) a program call$1 well1 unzip4 4gz ,a ,unix v]sion ( ,,zip4 ,to uncompress1 type gunzip fil5ame4gz at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e4 4zoo or 4,,zoo ,a ,unix & ,,ms-,,dos compression =mat4 ,use a program call$ zoo to uncompress 4,hqx or 4hqx ,mact9to% compression =mat4 ,requires ! ,bin,hex program4 4%> or ,ano!r ,unix =mat4 ,use un%> to uncompress4 4,%> 4t> ,ano!r ,unix =mat1 (t5 us$ to compress sev]al relat$ files into "o l>ge file4 ,mo/ ,unix sy/ems w h a program call$ t> = un-t>r+ su* files4 ,(t51 a t>r$ file w also be compress$ ) ! gz me?od1 s y fir/ h to use uncompress & !n t>4 4sit or 4,sit ,a ,mact9o% =mat t requires ! ,stuff,it program4 4,,arc ,ano!r ,,ms-,,dos =mat1 :i* requires ! use ( ! ,,arc or ,,arce programs4 4,,lhz ,ano!r ,,ms-,,dos =mat2 requires ! use ( ,,lh>c4 ,a few la/ words ( caution3 ,*eck ! size ( a file be=e y get x4 ,! ,net moves data at ph5om5al rates ( spe$4 ,b t #ejj1jjj- byte file t gets transf]r$ to y\r ho/ sy/em 9 a few seconds c\ld take m ?an an h\r or two to d[nload to y\r comput] if y're us+ a #bdjj-;baud modem4 ,y\r ho/ sy/em may also h limits on ! am\nt ( bytes y c /ore onl9e at any "o "t4 ,also1 al?\gh x is really extremely unlikely y w ev] get a file infect$ ) a virus1 if y plan to d mu* d[nload+ ov] ! ,net1 y'd be wise to inve/ 9 a good anti-viral program1 j 9 case4 #g4e ,,! ,,keybo>d ,,cabal ,sy/em adm9i/rators are l ev]ybody else -- !y try to make ?+s easi] = !mselves4 ,& :5 y sit 9 front ( a keybo>d all day1 t c mean try+ ev]y?+ possible to r$uce ! numb] ( keys y actually h to hit ea* day4 ,un=tunately1 t c make x difficult = ! re/ ( u4 ,y've already read ab\t b9 & lo/f\nd directories4 ,etc is ano!r seem+ly int]e/+ directory t turns out to be ano!r place to /ore files us$ by ! ftp site itself4 ,aga91 no?+ ( any real int]e/4 ,!n1 once y get into ! actual file libr>ies1 y'll f9d t 9 _m cases1 files w h su* non-descriptive names z ,v#a4a- ,,ak4,,txt4 ,! be/ kn[n example is probably a set ( sev]al hundr$ files kn[n z ,r,f,cs1 :i* provide ! basic te*nical & organizational in=mation on :i* mu* ( ! ,int]net is built4 ,^! files c be f\nd on _m ftp sites1 b always 9 a =m su* z ,,rfc#aja4,,txt1 ,,rfc#ajb4,,txt & s on1 ) no clue :atsoev] z to :at in=mation !y conta94 ,=tunately1 almo/ all ftp sites h a ,rosetta ,/one to help y deciph] ^! names4 ,mo/ w h a file nam$ ,,readme 7or "s v>iant7 t gives basic in=mation ab\t ! sy/em4 ,!n1 mo/ directories w ei!r h a simil> ,,readme file or w h an index t does give brief descriptions ( ea* file4 ,^! are usually ! fir/ file 9 a directory & (t5 are 9 ! =m #jj;,,index4,,txt4 ,use ! ftp comm& to get ?is file4 ,y c !n scan x onl9e or d[nload x to see :i* files y might be int]e/$ 94 ,ano!r file y w frequ5tly see is call$ ls-l,r4,z4 ,?is conta9s a li/+ ( e file on ! sy/em1 b )\t any descriptions 7! "n comes f ! ,unix comm& ls -l,r1 :i* gives y a li/+ ( all ! files 9 all y\r directories74 ,! ,z at ! end means ! file has be5 compress$1 :i* means y w h to use a ,unix un-compress comm& be=e y c read ! file4 ,& f9ally1 we h ^? sy/em adm9i/rators :o almo/ seem to delight 9 mak+ ?+s difficult -- ! ones :o take full advantage ( ,unix's ability to create absurdly long file names4 ,on "s ,,ftp sites1 y w see file names z long z #hj *>act]s or s1 full ( capital lett]s1 und]scores & e o!r or?ographic device t w make x almo/ impossible = y to type ! file "n correctly :5 y try to get x4 ,y\r secret weapon "h is ! mget comm&4 ,j type mget1 a space1 & ! fir/ five or six lett]s ( ! file "n1 foll[$ by an a/]isk1 = example3 mget ,?is,f99 ,! ,,ftp site w ask y if y want to get ! file t beg9s ) t "n4 ,if !re are sev]al files t />t t way1 y might h to answ] 'n' a few times1 b x's /ill easi] ?an try+ to recreate a ludicr\sly long file "n4 #g4f ,,"s ,,int]e/+ ,,ftp ,,sites ,:at foll[s is a li/ ( "s int]e/+ ftp sites1 arrang$ by category4 ,) hundr$s ( ftp sites n[ on ! ,net1 h[ev]1 ?is li/ b>ely scrat*es ! surface ( :at is available4 ,lib]al use ( ar*ie w help y f9d specific files4 ,! times li/$ = ea* site are 9 ,ea/]n "t & repres5t ! p]iods dur+ :i* x is consid]$ acceptable to connect4 ,,amiga ftp4uu4net ,has ,amiga programs 9 ! sy/ems_/amiga directory4 ,available #bd h\rs4 wu>*ive4wu/l4edu4 ,look 9 ! pub_/am9et directory4 ,available #bd h\rs4 ,,at>i at>i4ar*ive4umi*4edu ,f9d almo/ all ! ,at>i files y'll ev] ne$1 9 ! at>i directory4 #g p4m4 - #g a4m4 ,,books rtfm4mit4edu ,! pub_/us5et_/rec4arts4books directories has read+ li/s = v>i\s au?ors z well z li/s ( recomm5d$ book/ores 9 diff]5t cities4 ,un=tunately1 ?is site uses incr$ibly long file names -- s long !y may scroll (f ! end ( y\r scre5 if y are us+ an ,,ms-,,dos or c]ta9 o!r comput]s4 ,ev5 if y want j "o ( ! files1 x probably makes m s5se to use mget ?an get4 ,?is way1 y w be ask$ on ea* file :e!r y want to get x2 o!rwise y may w9d up fru/rat$ because ! sy/em w keep tell+ y ! file y want doesn't exi/ 7s9ce y may miss ! end ( its "n due to ! scroll+ problem74 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 mrcnext4cso4uiuc4edu ,project ,gut5b]g is an ef=t to translate pap] texts into electronic =m4 ,already available are m ?an #ajj titles1 f works by ,lewis ,c>rol to ,m>k ,twa92 f ,a ,tale ( ,two ,cities to ,son ( ,t>zan4 ,look 9 ! _/etext_/etext#ib & _/etext_/etext#ic directories4 #f p4m4 - #i a4m4 ,,comput] ,,e?ics ftp4eff4org ,! home ( ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation4 ,use cd to get to ! pub directory & !n look 9 ! ,,eff1 ,,sjg & ,,cpsr directories = docum5ts on ! ,,eff itself & v>i\s issues relat$ to ! ,net1 e?ics & ! law4 ,available #bd h\rs4 ,,consum] rtfm4mit4edu ,! pub_/us5et_/misc4consum]s directory has docum5ts relat$ to cr$it4 ,! pub_/us5et_/rec4travel4air directory w tell y h[ to deal ) airl9e res]vation cl]ks1 f9d ! be/ prices on seats1 etc4 ,see "u ,books = a caveat 9 us+ ?is ftp site4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,cook+ wu>*ive4wu/l4edu ,look = recipes & recipe directories 9 ! us5et_/rec4food4cook+_/recipes directory4 gatekeep]4dec4com ,recipes are 9 ! pub_/recipes directory4 ,,economics nee$c4umesbs4ma9e4edu ,! ,f$]al ,res]ve ,bank ( ,bo/on uses ?is site 7yes1 !re are ?ree 'e's 9 nee$c7 to h\se all sorts ( data on ! ,new ,engl& economy4 ,_m files conta9 #bj ye>s or m ( in=mation1 usually 9 =ms t are easily adaptable to spread%eet or database files4 ,look 9 ! frbb directory4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 t[n4hall4org4 ,look 9 ! edg> directory = ! beg9n+s ( a sy/em to di/ribute annual reports & o!r data publicly held companies are requir$ to file ) ! ,securities & ,ex*ange ,commission4 ,! o!r_/f$ directory holds v>i\s /ati/ical files f ! ,f$]al ,res]ve ,bo>d4 ,,ftp iraun#a4;ira4uka4de ,run by ! comput]-sci5ce dep>tm5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,k>lsruhe 9 ,g]many1 ?is site (f]s li/s ( anonym\s- ,,ftp sites bo? int]nationally 79 ! anon4ftp4sites directory7 & 9 ,g]many 79 anon4ftp4sites4,,de74 #ab p4m4 to #b a4m4 ftp4netcom4com ,! pub_/pr(iles directory has li/s ( ftp sites4 ,,gov]nm5t ncsuvm4cc4ncsu4edu ,! ,,s5ate directory conta9s bibliographic records ( ,u4,s4 ,s5ate he>+s & docum5ts = ! pa/ sev]al ,congresses4 ,get ! file ,,readme4,,dos#iaaa1 :i* w expla9 ! cryptic file names4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 nptn4org ,! ,g5]al ,acc\nt+ ,(fice is ! inve/igative w+ ( ,congress4 ,! pub_/e4texts_/gao4reports directory repres5ts an exp]im5t by ! ag5cy to use ftp to di/ribute its reports4 ,available #bd h\rs4 info4umd4edu ,! info_/,gov]nm5t_/,,u_/,:iteh\se directory has copies ( press releases & o!r docum5ts f ! ,cl9ton adm9i/ration4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 leg9fo4public4ca4gov ,?is is a repository ( legislative cal5d>s1 bills & o!r in=mation relat$ to /ate gov]nm5t 9 ,cali=nia4 ,available #bd h\rs4 :iteh\se4gov ,look = copies ( presid5tial position pap]s1 transcripts ( press conf]5ces & relat$ in=mation "h4 ,available #bd h\rs4 ,see also "u law4 ,,hi/ory nptn4org ,?is site has a l>ge1 gr[+ collect+ ( text files4 ,9 ! pub_/e4texts_/fre$om4%r9e directory1 y'll f9d copies ( important hi/orical docum5ts1 f ! ,magna ,c>ta to ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce & ! ,emancipation ,proclamation4 ,available #bd h\rs4 ra4ms/ate4edu ,mississippi ,/ate ma9ta9s an eclectic database ( hi/orical docum5ts1 detail+ ev]y?+ f ,attilla's battle /rategy to songs ( soldi]s 9 ,vietnam1 9 ! docs_/hi/ory directory4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 seq#a4loc4gov ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress has acquir$ num]\s docum5ts f ! =m] ,soviet gov]nm5t & has translat$ _m ( !m into ,engli%4 ,9 ! pub_/soviet4ar*ive_/text4engli% directory1 y'll f9d ev]y?+ f telegrams f ,l59 ord]+ ! dea? ( peasants to ,khru%*ev's response to ,k5n$y dur+ ! ,cuban missile crisis4 ,! ,,readme file 9 ! pub_/soviet4ar*ive directory provides an index to ! docum5ts4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,hong ,,kong nok4lcs4mit4edu ,,gif pictures ( ,hong ,kong pop />s1 build+s & vi/as are available 9 ! pub_/hongkong_/,,hkpa directory4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,int]net ftp4eff4org ,! pub_/,netinfo directory has a numb] ( sub- directories conta9+ v>i\s ,int]net res\rces guides & in=mation files1 includ+ ! late/ onl9e v]sion ( ! ,big ,dummy's ,guide4 ,available #bd h\rs4 nic4ddn4mil ,! int]net-drafts directory conta9s in=mation ab\t ,int]net1 :ile ! scc directory holds network security bullet9s4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,law info4umd4edu ,u4,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt decisions f #aihi to ! pres5t are /or$ 9 ! info_/,gov]nm5t_/,,u_/,supreme,ct directory4 ,ea* t]m has a sep>ate directory 7= example1 t]m#aiib74 ,get ! ,,readme & ,index files to help deciph] ! case numb]s4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ftp4uu4net ,supreme ,c\rt decisions are 9 ! c\rt-op9ions directory4 ,y'll want to get ! index file1 :i* tells y :i* file numb]s g ) :i* file names4 ,! decisions come 9 ,word,perfect & ,atex =mat only4 ,available #bd h\rs a day4 ,,libr>ies ftp4unt4edu ,! libr>y directory conta9s num]\s li/s ( libr>ies ) comput]iz$ c>d catalogs accessible ?r\gh ! ,net4 ,,lit]ature nptn4org ,9 ! pub_/e4texts_/gut5b]g_/etext#ia & etext#ib directories1 y c get copies ( ,aesop's ,fables1 works by ,lewis ,c>roll & o!r works ( lit]ature1 z well z ! ,book ( ,mormon4 ,available #bd h\rs4 _w4/d4com ,! obi directory has ev]y?+ f onl9e fables to acc\nts ( ,hiro%ima survivors4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,mac9to% sumex-aim4/an=d4edu ,?is is ! premi] site = ,mac9to% s(tw>e4 ,aft] y log 91 swit* to ! info-mac directory1 :i* w br+ up a long s]ies ( sub-directories ( virtually e free & %>ew>e ,mac program y c\ld ev] want4 #i p4m4 - #i a4m4 ftp4uu4net ,y'll f9d lots ( ,mac9to% programs 9 ! sy/ems_/mac_/simtel#bj directory4 ,available #bd h\rs a day4 ,,movie ,,reviews lcs4mit4edu ,look 9 ! movie-reviews directory4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,ms-,,dos wu>*ive4wu/l4edu ,?is c>ries "o ( ! _w's l>ge/ collections ( ,,ms-,,dos s(tw>e4 ,! files are actually copi$1 or mirror$ f a comput] at ! ,u4,s4 ,army's ,:ite ,s&s ,missile ,range 7:i* uses ftp s(tw>e t is totally incompreh5sible74 ,x also c>ries l>ge collections ( ,mac9to%1 ,w9d[s1 ,at>i1 ,amiga1 ,unix1 ,,os#i1 ,,cp_/,m & ,apple ,,ii s(tw>e4 ,look 9 ! mirrors & sy/ems directories4 ,! gif directory conta9s a l>ge numb] ( ,,gif graphics images4 ,accessible #bd h\rs4 ftp4uu4net ,look = ,,ms-,,dos programs & files 9 ! sy/ems_/msdos_/simtel#bj directory4 ,available #bd h\rs a day4 ,,music cs4uwp4edu ,! pub_/music directory has ev]y?+ f lyrics ( contempor>y songs to recomm5d$ ,c,ds ( b>oque music4 ,x's a little diff]5t - & easi] to navigate - ?an o!r ftp sites4 ,file & directory names are on ! left1 :ile on ! "r1 y'll f9d a brief description ( ! file or directory1 l ?is3 ,,sites #aebh ,o!r music-relat$ ,,ftp ar*ive sites classical_/ - 7dir7 ,classical ,buy+ ,guide database_/ - 7dir7 ,music ,database program discog_/ 7dir7 ,discographies faqs_/ 7dir7 ,music ,frequ5tly ,ask$ que/ions files folk_/ - 7dir7 ,folk ,music ,files & po9t]s guit>_/ 7dir7 ,guit> ,,tab files f ftp4nevada4edu info_/ 7dir7 rec4music4info ar*ives int]views_/ - 7dir7 ,int]views ) musicians_/gr\ps li/s_/ 7dir7 ,mail+ li/s ar*ives lyrics_/ 7dir7 ,lyrics ,ar*ives misc_/ - 7dir7 ,misc files t don't fit any:]e else pictures_/ 7dir7 ,,gifs1 ,j,p,e,gs1 ,p,b,ms & m4 press_/ - 7dir7 ,press ,releases & misc articles programs_/ - 7dir7 ,misc music-relat$ programs = v>i\s ma*9es releases_/ 7dir7 ,upcom+ ,,usa release li/+s s\nds_/ 7dir7 ,%ort s\nd samples #bbf ,transf] complete4 ftp ,:5 y swit* to a directory1 don't include ! _/4 #g p4m4 - #g a4m4 potemk94cs4pdx4edu ,! ,bob ,dylan ar*ive4 ,int]views1 notes1 ye>-by-ye> acc\nts ( 8 life & m1 9 ! pub_/dylan directory4 #i p4m4 - #i a4m4 ftp4nevada4edu ,guit> *ords = contempor>y songs are 9 ! pub_/guit> directory1 9 subdirectories organiz$ by gr\p or arti/4 ,,native ,,am]icans p9es4hsu4edu ,home ( ,indian,net1 ?is site conta9s a v>iety ( directories & files relat$ to ,indians & ,eskimos1 includ+ f$]al c5sus data1 rese>* reports & a tribal pr(iles database4 ,look 9 ! pub & indian directories4 ,,pets rtfm4mit4edu ,! pub_/us5et_/rec4pets4dogs & pub_/us5et4rec4pets4cats directories h docum5ts on ! respective animals4 ,see "u ,books = a caveat 9 us+ ?is ftp site4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,pictures wu>*iv4wu/l4edu ,! graphics_/gif directory conta9s hundr$s ( ,,gif photographic & draw+ images1 f c>toons to c>s1 space images to pop />s4 ,^! are arrang$ 9 a long s]ies ( subdirectories4 ,,photography ftp4nevada4edu ,photolog is an onl9e dige/ ( photography news1 9 ! pub_/photo directory4 ,,religion nptn4org ,9 ! pub_/e4texts_/religion directory1 y'll f9d subdirectories = *apt]s & books ( bo? ! ,bible & ! ,koran4 ,available #bd h\rs4 ,,sci5ce ,,fiction elb]e?4rutg]s4edu ,9 ! pub_/sfl directory1 y'll f9d plot summ>ies = v>i\s sci5ce-fiction ,,tv %[s1 includ+ ,/> ,trek 7n only ! orig9al & ,next ,g5]ation %[s1 b ! c>toon v]sion z well71 ,lo/ 9 ,space1 ,battle/> ,galactica1 ! ,twilight ,zone1 ! ,prison] & ,doctor ,:o4 ,!re are also li/s ( v>i\s ?+s relat$ to sci5ce fiction & an onl9e sci5ce-fiction fanz9e4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,sex rtfm4mit4edu ,look 9 ! pub_/us5et_/alt4sex & pub_/us5et_/alt4sex4wiz>ds directories = docum5ts relat$ to all facets ( sex4 ,see "u ,books = a caveat 9 us+ ?is ftp site4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,%akespe>e at>i4ar*ive4umi*4edu ,! %akespe>e directory conta9s mo/ ( ! ,b>d's works4 ,a numb] ( o!r sites h 8 works z well1 b g5]ally z "o huge mega-file4 ,?is site breaks !m d[n into v>i\s categories 7com$ies1 poetry1 hi/ories1 etc47 s t y c d[nload individual plays or sonnets4 ,,space ames4arc4nasa4gov ,/ores text files ab\t space & ! hi/ory ( ! ,,nasa space program 9 ! pub_/,,space subdirectory4 ,9 ! pub_/,,gif & pub_/,,space_/,,gif directories1 y'll f9d a/ronomy- & ,,nasa-relat$ ,,gif files1 includ+ pictures ( planets1 satellites & o!r cele/ial objects4 #i p4m4 - #i a4m4 ,,tv coe4montana4edu ,! pub_/,,tv_/,guides directory has hi/ories & o!r in=mation ab\t doz5s ( ,,tv %[s4 ,only two anonym\s-ftp log-ins are all[$ at a "t1 s y might h to try m ?an once to get 94 #h p4m4 - #h a4m4 ftp4cs4wid5]4edu ,! pub_/simpsons directory has m files ?an anybody c\ld possibly ne$ ab\t ,b>t & family4 ,! pub_//rek directory has files ab\t ! orig9al & ,next ,g5]ation %[s z well z ! movies4 ,see also "u ,sci5ce ,fiction4 ,,travel nic4/olaf4edu ,be=e y take t next ov]seas trip1 y might want to see :e!r ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t has issu$ any k9d ( advisory = ! c\ntries on y\r it9]>y4 ,! advisories1 :i* cov] ev]y?+ f hurricane damage to civil w>1 are 9 ! pub_/travel- advisories_/advisories directory1 arrang$ by c\ntry4 #g p4m4 - #g a4m4 ,,us5et ftp4uu4net ,9 ! us5et directory1 y'll f9d frequ5tly ask$ que/ions files1 copi$ f rtfm4mit4edu4 ,! communications directory holds programs t let ,,ms-,,dos us]s connect directly ) ,,uucp sites4 ,9 ! info directory1 y'll f9d in=mation ab\t ftp & ftp sites4 ,! inet directory conta9s in=mation ab\t ,int]net4 ,available #bd h\rs4 rtfm4mit4edu ,?is site conta9s all available frequ5tly ask$ que/ions files = ,us5et newsgr\ps 9 ! pub_/us5et directory4 ,see "u ,books = a caveat 9 us+ ?is ftp site4 #f p4m4 - #f a4m4 ,,viruses ftp4unt4edu ,! antivirus directory has anti-virus programs = ,,ms- ,,dos & ,mac9to% comput]s4 #g p4m4 - #g a4m4 ,,wea!r wu>*ive4wu/l4edu ,! _/multim$ia_/images_/wx directory conta9s ,,gif wea!r images ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,files are updat$ h\rly & take ?is g5]al =m3 ,,cv#ajjbbb4 ,! fir/ two lett]s tell ! type ( file3 ,,cv means x is a visible-light photo tak5 by a wea!r satellite4 ,,ci images are simil>1 b use infr>$ light4 ,bo? ^! are 9 black & :ite4 ,files t beg9 ) ,,sa are color rad> maps ( ! ,u4,s4 t %[ sev]e wea!r patt]ns b also fronts & temp]atures 9 major cities4 ,! numb]s indicate ! date & "t 79 ,,gmt - five h\rs ahead ( ,,e/7 ( ! image3 ! fir/ two numb]s repres5t ! mon?1 ! next two ! date1 ! la/ two ! h\r4 ,! file ,,wxkey4,,gif expla9s ! v>i\s symbols 9 ,,sa files4 #g4g ncftp -- ,,n[ ,,y ,,tell ,,me6 ,if y're lucky1 ! p :o run y\r ho/ sy/em or public- access site h in/all$ a program call$ ncftp1 :i* takes "s ( ! edges (f ! ftp process4 ,= />t]s1 :5 y use ncftp in/ead ( pla9 old ftp1 y no long] h to worry ab\t misspell+ anonym\s :5 y connect4 ,! program does x = y4 ,& once y're 91 in/ead ( gett+ l9e aft] l9e fill$ ) da%es1 x's1 r's & d's1 y only get li/+s ( ! files or directories !mselves 7if y're us$ to ,,ms-,,dos1 ! display y get w be v simil> to t produc$ by ! dir_/w comm&74 ,! program ev5 creates a li/ ( ! ftp sites y've us$ mo/ rec5tly1 s y c pick f t li/1 in/ead ( try+ to rememb] "s incr$ibly complex ftp site "n4 ,laun*+ ! program1 assum+ y\r site has x1 is easy4 ,at ! comm& prompt1 type ncftp sit5ame :]e sit5ame is ! site y want to rea* 7alt]nately1 y c\ld type j ncftp & !n use its op5 comm&74 ,once connect$1 y c use ! same ftp comm&s y've become us$ to1 su* z ls1 get & mget4 ,entries t end 9 a _/ are directories to :i* y c swit* ) cd2 o!rs are files y c get4 ,a c\ple ( useful ncftp comm&s include type1 :i* lets y *ange ! type ( file transf] 7f ,,ascii to b9>y = example7 & size1 :i* lets y see h[ l>ge a file is be=e y get x1 = example size decl>ation4txt w\ld tell y h[ l>ge ! decl>ation4txt file is be=e y get x4 ,:5 y say bye to disconnect f a site1 ncftp rememb]s ! la/ directory y 7 91 s t ! next "t y connect to ! site1 y are put back into t directory automatically4 ,if y type help y'll get a li/ ( files y c read to ext5d ! p[] ( ! program ev5 fur!r4 #g4h ,,project ,,gut5b]g -- ,,electronic ,,books ,project ,gut5b]g1 coord9at$ by ,mi*ael ,h>t1 has a fairly ambiti\s goal3 to make m ?an #aj1jjj books & o!r docum5ts available electronically by ! ye> #bjja4 ,9 #aiic1 ! project upload$ an av]age ( f\r books a mon? to its ftp sites2 9 #aiid1 !y hope to d\ble ! pace4 ,begun 9 #aiga1 ! project already ma9ta9s a libr>y ( hundr$s ( books & /ories1 f ,aesop's ,fables to ,?r\gh ! ,look+ ,glass available = ! tak+4 ,x also has a gr[+ numb] ( curr5t- affairs docum5ts1 su* z ! ,,cia's annual ,_w ,factbook almanac4 ,besides nptn4org1 ,project ,gut5b]g texts c be retriev$ f mrcnext4cso4uiuc4edu 9 ! etext directory4 #g4i ,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong 99 ,y get a ho/ unavailable message4 ,! ftp site is d[n = "s reason4 ,try aga9 lat]4 99 ,y get a ho/ unkn[n message4 ,*eck y\r spell+ ( ! site "n4 99 ,y misspell anonym\s :5 logg+ 9 & get a message tell+ y a password is requir$ = :atev] y typ$ 94 ,type some?+ 91 hit ent]1 type bye1 hit ent]1 & try aga94 ,alt]nately1 try typ+ ftp in/ead ( anonym\s4 ,x w "w on a surpris+ numb] ( sites4 ,or j use ncftp1 if y\r site has x1 & nev] worry ab\t ?is aga94 #g4aj ,,fyi ,lib]al use ( ar*ie w help y f9d specific files or docum5ts4 ,= in=mation on new or int]e/+ ftp sites1 try ! comp4ar*ives newsgr\p on ,us5et4 ,y c also look 9 ! comp4misc1 comp4s\rces4want$ or news4answ]s newsgr\ps on ,us5et = li/s ( ftp sites po/$ e mon? by ,tom ,cz>nik & ,jon ,granrose4 ,! comp4ar*ives newsgr\p c>ries news ( new ftp sites & int]e/+ new files on exi/+ sites4 ,9 ! comp4virus newsgr\p on ,us5et1 look = po/+s t li/ ftp sites c>ry+ anti-viral s(tw>e = ,amiga1 ,,ms-,,dos1 ,mac9to%1 ,at>i & o!r comput]s4 ,! comp4sys4ibm4pc4dige/ & comp4sys4mac4dige/ newsgr\ps provide in=mation ab\t new ,,ms-,,dos & ,mac9to% programs z well z answ]s to que/ions f us]s ( ^? comput]s4 ,*apt] #h3 ,,goph]s1 ,w,a,i,ss ,,& ,,! ,,_w-,,wide ,,web #h4a4 ,,goph]s ,ev5 ) tools l ,hytelnet & ar*ie1 telnet & ftp c /ill be fru/rat+4 ,!re are all ^? telnet & ftp addresses to rememb]4 ,telnet s]vices (t5 h _! own unique comm&s4 ,&1 oh1 ^? weird directory & file names6 ,b n[ t ! ,net has become a ri* repository ( in=mation1 p are develop+ ways to make x f> easi] to f9d & retrieve in=mation & files4 ,goph]s & ,wide-,area ,in=mation ,s]v]s 7,w,a,i,ss7 are two s]vices t c\ld ultimately make ! ,int]net z easy to navigate z comm]cial networks su* z ,compu,serve or ,prodigy4 ,bo? goph]s & ,w,a,i,ss ess5tially take a reque/ = in=mation & !n scan ! ,net = x1 s y don't h to4 ,bo? also "w ?r\gh m5us -- in/ead ( typ+ 9 "s long sequ5ce ( *>act]s1 y j move a cursor to y\r *oice & hit ent]4 ,goph]s ev5 let y select files & programs f ftp sites ?is way4 ,let's fir/ look at goph]s 7nam$ = ! (ficial mascot ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota1 :]e ! sy/em 0 develop$74 ,_m public-access sites n[ h goph]s onl9e4 ,to use "o1 type goph] at ! comm& prompt & hit ent]4 ,if y "k y\r site does n h a goph]1 or if no?+ happ5s :5 y type t1 telnet to consultant4micro4umn4edu ,at ! log-9 prompt1 type goph] & hit ent]4 ,y'll be ask$ :at type ( t]m9al emulation y're us+1 aft] :i* y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,int]net ,goph] ,in=mation ,cli5t v#a4jc ,root goph] s]v]3 goph]4micro4umn4edu -- #a4 ,in=mation ,ab\t ,goph]_/ #b4 ,comput] ,in=mation_/ #c4 ,discussion ,gr\ps_/ #d4 ,fun ,games_/ #e4 ,int]net file s]v] 7ftp7 sites_/ #f4 ,libr>ies_/ #g4 ,news_/ #h4 ,o!r ,goph] & ,in=mation ,s]v]s_/ #i4 ,phone ,books_/ #aj4 ,se>* lots ( places at ! ,u ( ,m 8 #aa4 ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota ,campus ,in=mation_/ ,press 8 = ,help1 q to ,quit1 u to g up a m5u ,page3 #a_/a ,assum+ y're us+ ,,vt#ajj or "s o!r ,,vt emulation1 y'll be able to move among ! *oices ) y\r up & d[n arr[ keys4 ,:5 y h y\r cursor on an entry t looks int]e/+1 j hit ent]1 & y'll ei!r get a new m5u ( *oices1 a database entry =m1 or a text file1 dep5d+ on :at ! m5u entry is l9k$ to 7m on h[ to tell :i* y'll get 9 a mom5t74 ,goph]s are great = explor+ ! res\rces ( ! ,net4 ,j keep mak+ *oices to see :at pops up4 ,play ) x2 see :]e x takes y4 ,"s *oices w be docum5ts4 ,:5 y read "o ( ^! & ei!r come to ! end or hit a l[]-case q to quit read+ x1 y'll be giv5 ! *oice ( sav+ a copy to y\r home directory or e-mail+ x to y\rself4 ,o!r *oices are simple databases t let y ent] a ^w to look = 9 a p>ticul> database4 ,to get back to :]e y />t$ on a goph]1 hit y\r u key at a m5u prompt1 :i* w move y back up ?r\gh ! goph] m5u /ructure 7mu* l cd 44 9 ftp74 ,notice t "o ( y\r *oices above is ,int]net file s]v] 7ftp7 sites4 ,*oose ?is1 & y'll be connect$ to a modifi$ ar*ie program -- an ar*ie ) a diff]5ce4 ,:5 y se>* = a file ?r\gh a goph] ar*ie1 y'll get a m5u ( sites t h ! file y're look+ =1 j z ) ! old ar*ie4 ,only n[1 in/ead ( hav+ to write d[n or rememb] an ftp address & directory1 all y h to d is position ! cursor next to "o ( ! numb]s 9 ! m5u & hit ent]4 ,y'll be connect$ to ! ftp site1 f :i* y c !n *oose ! file y want4 ,?is "t1 move ! cursor to ! file y want & hit a l[]-case s4 ,y'll be ask$ = a "n 9 y\r home directory to use = ! file1 aft] :i* ! file w be copi$ to y\r home sy/em4 ,un=tunately1 ?is file-transf] process does n yet "w ) all public-access sites = comput] programs & compress$ files4 ,if x doesn't "w ) y\rs1 y'll h to get ! file ! old-fa%ion$ way1 via anonym\s ftp4 ,9 addition to ftp sites1 !re are hundr$s ( databases & libr>ies ar\nd ! _w accessible ?r\gh goph]s4 ,!re is n yet a common goph] int]face = libr>y catalogs1 s be prep>$ to foll[ ! onl9e directions m closely :5 y use goph] to connect to "o4 ,goph] m5u entries t end 9 a _/ are gateways to ano!r m5u ( options4 ,entries t end 9 a p]iod are text1 graphics or program files1 :i* y c retrieve to y\r home directory 7or e-mail to y\rself or to somebody else74 ,a l9e t ends 9 8 or ,,cso repres5ts a reque/ y c make to a database = in=mation4 ,! diff]5ce is t 8 entries call up "o-l9e int]faces 9 :i* y c se>* = a keyword or words1 :ile ,,cso br+s up an electronic =m ) sev]al fields = y to fill out 7y might see ?is 9 onl9e ,:ite ,pages directories at colleges74 ,goph]s actually let y p]=m "s relatively sophi/icat$ ,boolean se>*es4 ,= example1 if y want to se>* only = files t conta9 ! words ,,ms-,,dos & ,mac9to%1 y'd type ms-dos & mac9to% 7goph]s are n case-s5sitive7 9 ! keyword field4 ,alt]nately1 if y want to get a li/ ( files t m5tion ei!r ,,ms-,,dos or ,mac9to%1 y'd type ms-dos or mac9to% #h4b ,,burr[+ ,,deep] ,z fasc9at+ z x c be to explore goph]space1 y might "o day want to quickly retrieve "s in=mation or a file4 ,or y might gr[ tir$ ( call+ up endless m5us to get to ! "o y want4 ,=tunately1 !re are ways to make ev5 goph]s easi] to use4 ,"o is ) ar*ie's fri5d1 v]onica 7x alleg$ly is an acronym1 b don't believe t = a second71 :o does = goph]space :at ar*ie does = ftp sites4 ,9 mo/ goph]s1 y'll f9d v]onica by select+ ,o!r goph] & in=mation s]vices at ! ma9 m5u & !n ,se>*+ ?r\gh goph]space us+ v]onica4 ,select ?is & y'll get some?+ l ?is3 ,int]net ,goph] ,in=mation ,cli5t v#a4a ,se>* titles 9 ,goph]space us+ v]onica -- #a4 4 #b4 ,,faq3 ,frequ5tly-,ask$ ,que/ions ab\t v]onica 7#aiic_/jh_/bc74 #c4 ,h[ to compose v]onica qu]ies 7,,new ,june #bd7 ,,read ,,me664 #d4 ,se>* ,goph] ,directory ,titles at ,p,s,i,net 8 #e4 ,se>* ,goph] ,directory ,titles at ,,sunet 8 #f4 ,se>* ,goph] ,directory ,titles at ,u4 ( ,manitoba 8 #g4 ,se>* ,goph] ,directory ,titles at ,univ]sity ( ,cologne 8 #h4 ,se>* goph]space at ,p,s,i,net 8 #i4 ,se>* goph]space at ,,sunet 8 #aj4 ,se>* goph]space at ,u4 ( ,manitoba 8 #aa4 ,se>* goph]space at ,univ]sity ( ,cologne 8 ,press 8 = ,help1 q to ,quit1 u to g up a m5u ,page3 #a_/a ,a few *oices !re6 ,fir/1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 se>*+ directory titles & j pla9 ol' goph]space4 ,if y already "k ! sort ( directory y're look+ = 7say a directory conta9+ ,,ms-,,dos programs71 d a directory-title se>*4 ,b if y're n sure :at k9d ( directory y\r in=mation might be 91 !n d a g5]al goph]space se>*4 ,9 g5]al1 x doesn't matt] :i* ( ! p>ticul> v]onicas y use -- !y %\ld all be able to produce ! same results4 ,! reason !re is m ?an "o is because ! ,int]net has become s popul> t only "o v]onica 7or "o goph] or "o ( almo/ any?+7 w\ld quickly be ov]:elm$ by all ! in=mation reque/s f ar\nd ! _w4 ,y c use v]onica to se>* = almo/ any?+4 ,want to f9d museums t might h onl9e displays f _! exhibits8 ,try se>*+ = museum4 ,look+ = a copy ( ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce8 ,try decl>ation4 ,9 _m cases1 y\r se>* w br+ up a new goph] m5u ( *oices to try4 ,say y want to impress ^? gue/s com+ ov] = d9n] on ,friday by cook+ *]ries flambe4 ,if y 7 to call up v]onica & type 9 flambe aft] call+ up v]onica1 y w\ld soon get a m5u li/+ sev]al flambe recipes1 includ+ "o call$ dess]t flambe4 ,put y\r cursor on t l9e ( ! m5u & hit ent]1 & y'll f9d x's a m5u = *]ries flambe4 ,!n hit y\r q key to quit1 & goph] w ask y if y want to save ! file 9 y\r home directory on y\r public-access site or :e!r y want to e-mail x some:]e4 ,z y c see1 y c use v]onica z an alt]native to ar*ie1 :i*1 because ( ! ,int]net's gr[+ popul>ity1 seems to take long] & long] to "w4 ,9 addition to ar*ie & v]onica1 we n[ also h jugheads 7no bettys yet1 ?\gh74 ,^! "w ! same z v]onicas1 b _! se>*es are limit$ to ! specific goph] sy/ems on :i* !y reside4 ,if !re are p>ticul> goph] res\rces y use frequ5tly1 !re are a c\ple ( ways to get to !m ev5 m directly4 ,"o is to use goph] 9 a mann] simil> to ! way y c use telnet4 ,if y "k a p>ticul> goph]'s ,int]net address 7(t5 ! same z its telnet or ftp address71 y c connect to x directly1 r ?an go+ ?r\gh m5us4 ,= example1 say y want to use ! goph] at info4umd4edu4 ,if y\r public-access site has a goph] sy/em in/all$1 type ?is goph] info4umd4edu at y\r comm& prompt & y'll be connect$4 ,b ev5 t c get t$i\s if !re are sev]al goph]s y use frequ5tly4 ,t's :]e bookm>ks come 94 ,goph]s let y create a li/ ( y\r favorite goph] sites & ev5 database qu]ies4 ,!n1 in/ead ( digg+ ev] deep] into ! goph] directory /ructure1 y j call up y\r bookm>k li/ & select ! s]vice y want4 ,to create a bookm>k = a p>ticul> goph] site1 fir/ call up goph]4 ,!n g ?r\gh all ! goph] m5us until y get to ! m5u y want4 ,type a capital ,a4 ,y'll be giv5 a sugge/$ "n = ! bookm>k enty1 :i* y c *ange if y want by backspac+ ov] ! sugge/ion & typ+ 9 y\r own4 ,:5 done1 hit ent]4 ,n[1 :5ev] y're 9 goph]space & want to zip back to t p>ticul> goph] s]vice1 j hit y\r ,v key 7upp]- or l[]-case2 9 ?is in/ance1 goph] doesn't c>e7 any:]e )9 goph]4 ,?is w br+ up a li/ ( y\r bookm>ks4 ,move to ! "o y want & hit ent]1 & y'll be connect$4 ,us+ a capital ,a is also good = sav+ p>ticul> database or v]onica qu]ies t y use frequ5tly 7= example1 se>*+ = news /ories on a p>ticul> topic if y\r public-access site ma9ta9s an index$ ar*ive ( wire-s]vice news74 ,in/ead ( a capital ,a1 y c also hit a l[]-case a4 ,?is w br+ y to ! p>ticul> l9e )9 a m5u1 r ?an %[ y ! entire m5u4 ,if y ev] want to delete a bookm>k1 hit ,v )9 goph]1 select ! item y want to get rid (1 & !n hit y\r ,d key4 ,"o m h9t3 ,if y want to f9d ! address ( a p>ticul> goph] s]vice1 hit y\r key aft] y've highlight$ its entry 9 a goph] m5u4 ,y'll get back a c\ple ( l9es1 mo/ ( :i* w be te*nicalese ( no imm$iate value to mo/ folks1 b "s ( :i* w consi/ ( ! site's address4 #h4c4 ,,goph] ,,comm&s a ,add a l9e 9 a goph] m5u to y\r bookm>k li/4 ,a ,add an entire goph] m5u or a database qu]y to y\r bookm>k li/4 d ,delete an entry f y\r bookm>k li/ 7y h to hit v fir/74 q ,quit1 or exit1 a goph]4 ,y'll be ask$ if y really want to4 ,q ,quit1 or exit1 a goph] )\t be+ ask$ if y're sure4 s ,save a highlight$ file to y\r home directory4 u ,move back up a goph] m5u /ructure v ,view y\r bookm>k li/4 ,get in=mation on ! orig9at+ site ( a goph] entry4 ,move ahead "o scre5 9 a goph] m5u4 ,move back "o scre5 9 a goph] m5u4 #h4d4 ,,"s ,,int]e/+ ,,goph]s ,!re are n[ hundr$s ( goph] sites ar\nd ! _w4 ,:at foll[s is a li/ ( "s ( !m4 ,assum+ y\r site has a goph] cli5t in/all$1 y c rea* !m by typ+ goph] sit5ame at y\r comm& prompt4 ,c't f9d :at y're look+ =8 ,rememb] to use v]onica to look up categories & topics6 ,,agriculture cyf]4esusda4gov ,m agricultural /ati/ics & regulations mo/ p w ev] ne$4 usda4mannlib4cornell4edu ,m ?an #adj diff]5t types ( agricultural data1 mo/ 9 ,lotus #a-b-c spread%eet =mat4 ,,animals saimiri4primate4wisc4edu ,in=mation on primates & animal-welf>e laws4 ,,ar*itecture libra4ar*4umi*4edu ,ma9ta9s onl9e exhibits ( a v>iety ( ar*itectural images4 ,,art m>vel4loc4gov ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress runs sev]al onl9e gall]ies ( images f exhibits at ! libr>y4 ,_m ( ^! pictures1 9 ,,gif or ,,jpeg =mat1 are ,,huge1 s be c>eful :at y get fir/4 ,exhibits include works ( art f ! ,vatican1 copies ( once secret ,soviet docum5ts & pictures ( artifacts relat$ to ,columbus's #adib voyage4 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select #b & !n ,exhibits4 galaxy4ucr4edu ,! ,cali=nia ,museum ( ,photography ma9ta9s its own onl9e gal]y "h4 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select ,campus ,ev5ts1 !n ,cali=nia ,museum ( ,photography1 !n ,network ,ex- hibitions4 ,,a/ronomy ca/#j4;a/4cam4ac4uk ,a goph] devot$ to a/ronomy1 run by ! ,in/itute ( ,a/ronomy & ! ,royal ,gre5wi* ,obs]vatory1 ,cambridge1 ,engl&4 ,,c5sus bigcat4miss\ri4edu ,y'll f9d detail$ f$]al c5sus data = communities ( m ?an #aj1jjj p1 z well z = /ates & c\nties "h4 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select ,ref]5ce & ,in=mation ,c5t]1 !n ,unit$ ,/ates & ,miss\ri ,c5sus ,in=mation & ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus4 ,,comput]s wu>*ive4wu/l4edu ,doz5s ( directories ) s(tw>e = all sorts ( comput]s4 ,mo/ programs h to be un-compress$ be=e y c use !m4 sumex-aim4/an=d4edu ,a simil> type ( sy/em1 ) ! emphasis on ,mac9to% programs & files4 ,,disability val-dor4cc4buffalo4edu ,! ,cornucopia ( ,disability ,in=mation c>ries num]\s in=mation res\rces on disability issues & l9ks to o!r disability-relat$ s]vices4 ,,environm5t ecosys4drdr4virg9ia4edu ,copies ( ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy fact%eets on hundr$s ( *emicals1 se>*able by keyword4 ,select ,education & !n ,environm5tal fact %eets4 envirol9k4org ,doz5s ( docum5ts & files relat$ to environm5tal activism ar\nd ! _w4 ,,entomology spid]4ento4csiro4au ,all ab\t creepy-crawly ?+s1 bo? ! good & ! bad ones4 ,,geology goph]4/olaf4edu ,select ,int]net ,res\rces & !n ,wea!r & geography = in=mation on rec5t e>?quakes4 ,,gov]nm5t m>vel4loc4gov ,run by ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ?is site provides num]\s res\rces1 includ+ access to ! ,libr>y c>d catalog & all mann] ( in=mation ab\t ! ,u4,s4 ,congress4 goph]4lib4umi*4edu ,wide v>iety ( gov]nm5t in=mation1 f ,congressional committee assignm5ts to economic /ati/ics & ,,nafta in=mation4 ecix4doc4gov ,in=mation on conv]sion ( milit>y in/allations to private uses4 sunsite4unc4edu ,copies ( curr5t & pa/ f$]al budgets c be f\nd by select+ ,sunsite ar*ives1 !n ,politics1 !n ,sunsite politcal sci5ce ar*ives4 wiretap4spies4com ,docum5ts relat$ to ,canadian gov]nm5t c be f\nd 9 ! ,gov]nm5t docs m5u4 /is4nih4gov ,select ! ,o!r ,u4,s4 gov]nm5t goph] s]v]s = access to num]\s o!r f$]al goph]s4 ,,heal? odie4niaid4nih4gov ,national ,in/itutes ( ,heal? databases on ,,aids1 9 ! ,,aids relat$ in=mation m5u4 helix4nih4gov ,= ,national ,canc] ,in/itute fact%eets on diff]5t canc]s1 select ,heal? & cl9ical in=mation & !n ,canc]net in=mation4 nys]net4org ,look = in=mation on brea/ canc] 9 ! ,special ,collections3 ,brea/ ,canc] m5u4 wel*l9k4wel*4jhu4edu ,?is is ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity's m$ical goph]4 ,,hi/ory ,see "u ,art4 ,,int]net goph]4lib4umi*4edu ,home to sev]al guides to ,int]net res\rces 9 specific fields1 = example1 social sci5ces4 ,select ,:at's ,new ,featur$ ,res\rces & !n ,cle>+h\se4 ,,israel j]usalem#a4;datasrv4co4il ,?is ,israeli sy/em (f]s num]\s docum5ts on ,israel & ,jewi% life4 ,,japan goph]4ncc4g4jp ,look 9 ! ,japan in=mation m5u = docum5ts relat$ to ,japanese life & culture4 ,,music mtv4com ,run by ,adam ,curry1 an ,,mtv video jock1 ?is site has music news & ,curry's daily ,cyb]sleaze celebrity report4 ,,nature ucmp#a4;b]keley4edu ,! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia at ,b]keley's ,museum ( ,paleontology runs sev]al onl9e exhibits "h4 ,y c obta9 ,,gif images ( plants & animals f ! ,remote ,nature m5u4 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,species m5u lets y read ,d>w9's "w or se>* x by keyword4 ,,sports cul9e4colorado4edu ,look up s*$ules = teams 9 v>i\s pr(essional sports leagues "h1 "u ,pr(essional ,sports ,s*$ules4 ,,wea!r wx4atmos4uiuc4edu ,look up wea!r =eca/s = ,nor? ,am]ica or bone up on y\r wea!r facts4 #h4e4 ,,wide-,,area ,,in=mation ,,s]v]s ,n[ y "k !re are hundr$s ( databases & libr>y catalogs y c se>* ?r\gh4 ,b z y look1 y beg9 to realize t ea* seems to h its own unique me?od = se>*+4 ,if y connect to sev]al1 ?is c become a pa94 ,goph]s r$uce ?is problem some:at4 ,wide-area in=mation s]v]s promise ano!r way to z]o 9 on in=mation hidd5 on ! ,net4 ,9 a ,,wais1 ! us] sees only "o int]face -- ! program worries ab\t h[ to access in=mation on doz5s1 ev5 hundr$s1 ( diff]5t databases4 ,y tell give a ,,wais a ^w & x sc\rs ! net look+ = places :]e x's m5tion$4 ,y get a m5u ( docum5ts1 ea* rank$ accord+ to h[ relevant to y\r se>* ! ,,wais ?9ks x is4 ,l goph]s1 ,,wais cli5t programs c already be f\nd on _m public-access ,int]net sites4 ,if y\r sy/em has a ,,wais cli5t1 type swais at ! comm& prompt & hit ent] 7! s /&s = simple74 ,if x doesn't1 telnet to bbs4oit4unc4edu1 :i* is run by ! ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,at ! log93 prompt1 type bbs & hit ent]4 ,y'll be ask$ to regi/] & w !n get a li/ ( bullet9s1'' :i* are v>i\s files expla9+ h[ ! sy/em works4 ,:5 done ) ^?1 hit y\r ,q key & y'll get ano!r m5u4 ,hit #d = ! simple ,,wais cli5t1 & y'll see some?+ l ?is3 ,,swais ,s\rce ,selection ,s\rces3 #bc ,s]v] ,s\rce ,co/ #jja3 ar*ie4au a>net-res\rce-guide ,free #jjb3 ar*ive4or/4edu a]onautics ,free #jjc3 no/romo4oes4or/4ed agricultural-m>ket-news ,free #jjd3 sun-wais4oit4unc4edu alt-sys-sun ,free #jje3 ar*ive4or/4edu alt4drugs ,free #jjf3 wais4oit4unc4edu alt4goph] ,free #jjg3 sun-wais4oit4unc4edu alt4sys4sun ,free #jjh3 wais4oit4unc4edu alt4wais ,free #jji3 ar*ive4or/4edu ar*ie-or/4edu ,free #jaj3 ar*ie4au ar*ie4au-amiga-readmes ,free #jaa3 ar*ie4au ar*ie4au-ls-l,rt ,free #jab3 ar*ie4au ar*ie4au-mac-readmes ,free #jac3 ar*ie4au ar*ie4au-pc-readmes ,free #jad3 pc#b4pc4m>icopa4edu ascd-education ,free #jae3 ar*ie4au au-directory-(-s]v]s ,free #jaf3 cirm#b4univ-mrs4fr bib-cirm ,free #jag3 cmns-sun4?9k4com bible ,free #jah3 z5on4inria4fr bibs-z5on-inria-fr ,free ,keywords3 space selects1 w = keywords1 arr[s move1 return se>*es1 q quits1 or 8 ,ea* l9e repres5ts a diff]5t database 7! 4au at ! end ( "s ( !m means !y are 9 ,au/ralia2 ! 4fr on ! la/ l9e repres5ts a database 9 ,france74 ,& ?is is j ! fir/ page6 ,if y type a capital ,k1 y'll g to ! next page 7!re are sev]al pages74 ,hitt+ a capital ,j w move y back a page4 ,! fir/ ?+ y want to d is tell ! ,,wais program :i* databases y want se>*$4 ,to select a database1 move ! cursor b> ov] ! l9e y want 7us+ y\r d[n & up arr[ keys7 & hit y\r space b>4 ,an a/]isk w appe> next to ! l9e numb]4 ,repeat ?is until y've select$ all ( ! databases y want se>*$4 ,!n hit y\r ,w key1 aft] :i* y'll be prompt$ = ! key words y're look+ =4 ,y c type 9 an entire l9e ( ^! words -- sep>ate ea* ) a space1 n a comma4 ,hit return1 & ! se>* beg9s4 ,let's say y're utt]ly fasc9at$ ) :eat4 ,s y might select agricultural-m>ket-news to f9d its curr5t _w price4 ,b y also want to see if x has any religi\s implications1 s y *oose ! ,bible & ! ,book ( ,mormon4 ,:at d y d ) ! /uff8 ,select recipes & us5et-cookbook4 ,are !re any rec5t ,supreme ,c\rt decisions involv+ ! plant8 ,*oose supreme-c\rt4 ,h[ ab\t synonyms8 ,try roget-!saurus & j pla9 !saurus4 ,n[ hit w & type 9 :eat4 ,hit ent]1 & ! ,,wais program beg9s its se>*4 ,z x looks1 x tells y :e!r any ( ! databases are (fl9e1 & if s1 :5 !y might be ready = a se>*4 ,9 ab\t a m9ute1 ! program tells y h[ _m hits x's f\nd4 ,!n y get a new m5u1 t looks some?+ l ?is3 ,keywords3 ,score ,source,title,lines #jja3 #ajjj 7roget-!saurus7 #dfe4 results ( comp>ison4 #a ,di #ai #jjb3 #ajjj 7roget-!saurus7 #fji4 ,*oice4 -- ,n4 *oice1 option2 #cf #jjc3 #ajjj 7roget-!saurus7 #dfe4 results ( comp>ison4 #a ,di #ai #jjd3 #ajjj 7roget-!saurus7 #fji4 ,*oice4 -- ,n4 *oice1 option2 #cf #jje3 #ajjj 7recipes7 aemm?vax ,re3 ,,mon?ly3 ,rec4,food4,recipes #dbe #jjf3 #ajjj 7 ,book(,mormon7 ,mosiah #i3if #jjg3 #ajjj 7 ,book(,mormon7 #c ,nephi #ah3ahe #jjh3 #ajjj 7agricultural-ma7 ,re3 ,,jo ,,gr#aae1 ,,weekly ,,gra9#hb #jji3 #hbb 7agricultural-ma7 ,re3 ,,wa ,,cb#cea ,,prospective ,,plant+s #eeb #jaj3 #hjj 7 recipes7 kmsapss4a ,re3 ,,reque/3 ,:eat-free1 ,suga #ce #jaa3 #gej 7agricultural-ma7 ,re3 ,,wa ,,cb#aja ,,crop ,,production#beh #jab3 #fdc 7agricultural-ma7 ,re3 ,,sj ,,gr#hej ,,daily ,,nat ,,grn ,,sum#gb #jac3 #djj 7 recipes7 patjaam] ,re3 ,,vegan3 ,honey ,granola#fc #jad3 #djj 7 recipes7 jrtr9tpa ,re3 ,,ovo-,,lacto3 ,s\rd\gh_/,trit #adb ,ea* ( ^! repres5ts an article or cit+ t conta9s ! ^w :eat1 or "s relat$ ^w4 ,move ! cursor b> 7) ! d[n & up arr[ keys7 to ! "o y want to see1 hit ent]1 & x w beg9 to appe> on y\r scre54 ,! score is a ,,wais attempt to gauge h[ closely ! cit+ mat*es y\r reque/4 ,doesn't look l ! ,supreme ,c\rt has _h any?+ to say ab\t ! plant ( late6 ,n[ ?9k ( h[ mu* "t y w\ld h sp5t logg+ onto v>i\s databases j to f9d ^! relatively trivial examples4 #h4f ,,! ,,_w-,,wide ,,web ,develop$ by rese>*]s at ! ,european ,p>ticle ,physics ,laboratory 9 ,g5eva1 ! ,_w-,wide ,web is some:at simil> to a ,,wais4 ,b x's design$ on a sy/em kn[n z hyp]text4 ,words 9 "o docum5t are l9k$ to o!r docum5ts4 ,x's sort ( l sitt+ ) an encyclop$ia -- y're read+ an article1 see a ref]5ce t intrigues y & s flip ! pages to look up t ref]5ce4 ,to try ! ,worldwide ,web1 telnet to ukanaix4cc4ukans4edu ,log on z3 www4 ,:5 y connect1 y'll see some?+ l3 ,welcome to ,,c]n ,! ,_w-,wide ,web3 ,,c]n entry po9t ,,c]n is ! ,european ,p>ticle ,physics ,laboratory 9 ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&4 ,select by numb] in=mation "h1 or else:]e4 ,help#a ,ab\t ?is program ,_w-,wide ,web#b ,ab\t ! ,w#c global in=mation initiative4 ,,c]n in=mation#c ,in=mation f & ab\t ?is site ,p>ticle ,physics#d ,o!r ,,hep sites ) in=mation s]v]s ,o!r ,subjects#e ,catalogue ( all onl9e in=mation by subject4 ,also3 by s]v] type#f 4 9999 ,,*eck ,,out ,x#aa ,,br[s] ,viola,w,w,w3 ,,anon ,,ftp ,,to info4c]n4* 9 _/pub_/www_/src 999999 ,/ill beta1 s keep bug reports calm 3-7 ,if y use ?is s]vice frequ5tly1 please in/all ?is or any ,w#c br[s] on y\r own ma*9e 7see in/ructions#g 74 ,y c configure x to />t #a-g1 ,,return = m1 ,quit1 or ,help3 ,y navigate ! web by typ+ ! numb] next to a giv5 ref]5ce4 ,s if y want to "k m ab\t ! web1 hit #b4 ,?is is ano!r sy/em t be>s play+ )4 #h4g4 ,,cli5ts1 ,,or ,,h[ ,,to ,,sn>e ,,m ,,on ,,! ,,web ,if y are us$ to pla9-vanilla ,unix or ,,ms-,,dos1 !n ! way ^! goph]s & ,w,a,i,ss "w seems q /raight=w>d4 ,b if y're us$ to a comput] ) a graphical int]face1 su* z a ,mac9to%1 an ,,ibm compatible ) ,w9d[s or a ,next1 y'll probably reg>d _! int]faces z some:at primitive4 ,& ev5 to a vet]an ,,ms-,,dos us]1 ! ,_w-,wide ,web int]face is r clunky 7& "s ( ! docum5ts & files on ! ,web n[ use special =matt+ t w\ld confuse y\r poor comput]74 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ways to integrate ^! s]vices into y\r graphical us] int]face4 ,9 fact1 !re are n[ ways to tie into ! ,int]net directly1 r ?an rely+ on :atev] int]face y\r public-access sy/em uses1 ?r\gh :at are kn[n z cli5t programs4 ,^! programs provide graphical int]faces = ev]y?+ f ftp to ! ,_w-,wide ,web4 ,!re is n[ a gr[+ numb] ( ^! cli5t programs = ev]y?+ f ftp to goph]4 ,,psi ( ,re/on1 ,va41 :i* (f]s nationwide ,int]net access1 9 fact1 requires its cu/om]s to use ^! programs4 ,us+ protocols kn[n z ,,slip & ,,ppp1 ^! programs communicate ) ! ,net us+ ! same basic data packets z mu* l>g] comput]s onl9e4 ,beyond integration ) y\r own comput]'s desktop1'' cli5t programs let y d m ?an "o ?+ at once on ! net -- :ile y're d[nload+ a l>ge file 9 "o w9d[1 y c be *att+ ) a fri5d ?r\gh an ,int]net *at program 9 ano!r4 ,un=tunately1 us+ a cli5t program c co/ a lot ( money4 ,"s require y to be connect$ directly to ! ,int]net ?r\gh an ,e!rnet network = example4 ,o!rs "w ?r\gh modem protocols1 su* z ,,slip1 b public-access sites t all[ su* access may *>ge any:]e f #be to #bjj a mon? extra = ! s]vice4 ,y\r sy/em adm9i/rator c give y m in=mation on sett+ up "o ( ^! connections4 #h4h4 ,,:5 ,,?+s ,,g ,,wrong ,z ! ,int]net gr[s ev] m popul>1 its res\rces come "u m ( a /ra94 ,if y try to use goph] 9 ! middle ( ! day1 at lea/ on ! ,ea/ ,coa/ ( ! ,u4,s41 y'll sometimes notice t x takes a v long "t = p>ticul> m5us or database se>*es to come up4 ,sometimes1 y'll ev5 get a message t !re are too _m p connect$ to :i*ev] s]vice y're try+ to use & s y c't get 94 ,! only alt]native is to ei!r try aga9 9 #bj m9utes or s1 or wait until lat] 9 ! day1 :5 ! load might be l[]4 ,:5 ?is happ5s 9 v]onica1 try "o ( ! o!r v]onica entries4 ,:5 y retrieve a file ?r\gh goph]1 y'll sometimes be ask$ if y want to /ore x "u "s ludicr\sly long "n 7!re g our fri5ds ! sy/em adm9i/rators aga91 us+ #abh *>act]s j because ,unix lets !m74 ,) c]ta9 ,,ms-,,dos communications programs1 if t "n is long] ?an "o l9e1 y won't be able to backspace all ! way back to ! fir/ l9e if y want to give x a simpl] "n4 ,backspace z f> z y c4 ,!n1 :5 y get ready to d[nload x to y\r home comput]1 rememb] t ! file "n w be truncat$ on y\r end1 because ( ,,ms-,,dos's file-nam+ limitations4 ,worse1 y\r comput] might ev5 reject ! :ole ?+4 ,:at to d8 ,in/ead ( sav+ x to y\r home directory1 mail x to y\rself4 ,x %\ld %[ up 9 y\r mail by ! "t y exit goph]4 ,!n1 use y\r mail comm& = sav+ x to y\r home directory -- at :i* po9t y c "n x any?+ y want4 ,n[ y c d[nload x4 #h4i ,,fyi ,david ,rigg9s ma9ta9s a li/ ( goph]s by type & category4 ,y c f9d ! mo/ rec5t "o at ! ftp site ftp4e9et4net1 9 ! pub directory4 ,look = a file ) a "n l goph]-jewels4txt4 ,alt]nately1 y c get on a mail+ li/ to get ! late/ v]sion s5t to y\r e-mailbox automatically4 ,s5d a mail message to goph]jewelsli/- reque/tpis4cactus4org 7yep1 t fir/ "p is all "o ^w74 ,leave ! subject3 l9e blank1 & z a message1 write ,,subscribe4 ,blake ,gumpre*t ma9ta9s a li/ ( goph] & telnet sites relat$ to1 or run by1 ! gov]nm5t4 ,he po/s x e ?ree weeks to ! news4answ]s & soc4answ]s newsgr\ps on ,us5et4 ,x c also be obta9$ via anonym\s ftp f rtfm4mit4edu1 z _/pub_/us5et_/news4answ]s_/u-govt-net-po 9t]s4 ,/ud5ts at ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan's ,s*ool ( ,in=mation & ,libr>y ,/udies1 rec5tly compil$ sep>ate li/s ( ,int]net res\rces 9 #aa specific areas1 f a]onautics to !at]4 ,!y c be obta9$ via goph] at goph]4lib4umi*4edu1 9 ! ,:at's ,new & ,featur$ ,res\rces m5u4 ,! ,us5et newsgr\ps comp4infosy/ems4goph] & comp4infosy/ems4wais are places to g = te*nical discussions ab\t goph]s & ,w,a,i,ss respectively4 ,! ,int]p$ia project is an attempt to take goph] "o /ep fur!r1 by creat+ an onl9e repository ( all ( ! int]e/+ & useful in=mation availble on ! ,net & f its us]s4 ,to get on ! mail+ li/ = ! project1 s5d an e-mail message1 ) a subject3 ( subscribe to int]p$ia-reque/tel]ama4lm4com4 ,y c get support+ docum5tation = ! project via anonym\s ftp at ftp4lm4com 9 ! pub_/int]p$ia directory4 ,*apt] #i3 ,,advanc$ ,e-,,mail #i4a ,,! ,,file',s ,,9 ,,! ,,mail ,e-mail by itself is a p[]ful tool1 & by n[ y may be s5d+ e-mail messages all ov] ! place4 ,y might ev5 be on a mail+ li/ or two4 ,b !re is a lot m to e-mail ?an j s5d+ messages4 ,if y\r ho/ sy/em does n h access to ftp1 or x doesn't h access to e ftp site on ! ,net1 y c h programs & files s5t "r to y\r mailbox4 ,& us+ "s simple te*niques1 y c use e-mail to s5d data files su* z spread%eets1 or ev5 :ole programs1 to fri5ds & colleagues ar\nd ! _w4 ,a key to bo? is a set ( programs kn[n z encod]s & decod]s4 ,= all its basic p[]1 ,net e-mail has a big problem3 x c't h&le graphics *>act]s or ! control codes f\nd 9 ev5 ! simple/ ( comput] programs4 ,encod]s h[ev]1 c translate ^! into =ms usable 9 e-mail1 :ile decod]s turn !m back into a =m t y c actually use4 ,if y are us+ a ,unix-bas$ ho/ sy/em1 *ances are x already has an encod] & decod] onl9e t y c use4 ,^! programs w also let y use programs po/$ 9 sev]al ,us5et newsgr\ps1 su* z comp4b9>ies4ibm4pc4 ,if bo? y & ! p]son ) :om y want to ex*ange files use ,unix ho/ sy/ems1 y're 9 luck because virtually all ,unix ho/ sy/ems h encod]_/decod] programs onl9e4 ,= n[1 let's assume t's ! case4 ,fir/1 upload ! file y want to s5d to y\r fri5d to y\r ho/ site 7ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator h[ to upload a file to y\r "n or home directory if y don't already "k h[74 ,!n type uu5code file file file4uu & hit ent]4 ,file is ! "n ( ! file y want to prep>e = mail+1 & yes1 y h to type ! "n twice6 ,! is a ,unix comm& t tells ! sy/em to call ! encod$ file file4uu 7y c\ld actually call x any?+ y want74 ,n[ to get x into a mail message4 ,! quick & dirty way is to type mail fri5d :]e fri5d is y\r fri5d's address4 ,at ! subject l9e1 tell h] ! "n ( ! enclos$ file4 ,:5 y get ! blank l9e1 type r file4uu or :atev] y call$ ! file1 & hit ent]4 7on "s sy/ems1 ! may n "w2 if s1 ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator :at to use74 ,?is ins]ts ! file into y\r mail message4 ,hit control-,d1 & y\r file is on its way6 ,on ! o!r end1 :5 y\r fri5d goes into h] mailbox1 %e %\ld transf] x to h] home directory4 ,!n %e %\ld type uudecode file4"n & hit ent]4 ,?is creates a new file 9 h] "n directory ) :atev] "n y orig9ally gave x4 ,%e c !n d[nload x to h] own comput]4 ,be=e %e c actually use x1 ?\gh1 %e'll h to op5 x up ) a text processor & delete ! mail head] t has be5 /amp$ on x4 ,if y use a mail] program t automatically app5ds a signature1 tell h] ab\t t s %e c delete t z well4 #i4b ,,receiv+ ,,files ,if somebody s5ds y a file ?r\gh ! mail1 y'll h to g ?r\gh a c\ple ( /eps to get x into a =m y c actually use4 ,if y are us+ ! simple mail program1 g into mail & type w file4"n :]e is ! numb] ( ! message y want to transf] & file4"n is :at y want to call ! result+ file4 ,9 p9e1 call up ! message & hit y\r ,o key & !n ,e4 ,y'll !n be ask$ = a file "n4 ,9 elm1 call up ! message & hit y\r ,s key4 ,y'll get some?+ t looks l ?is3 file4reque/ ,type a new file "n & hit ent] 7if y hit ent] )\t typ+ a file "n1 ! message w be sav$ to ano!r mail fold]1 n y\r home directory74 ,9 all ?ree cases1 exit ! mail program to return to y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e4 ,because ! file has be5 encod$ = mail deliv]y1 y n[ h to run a decod]4 ,at ! comm& l9e1 type uudecode file4"n :]e file4"n is ! file y creat$ :ile 9 mail4 ,uudecode w create a new1 uncompress$ b9>y file4 ,9 "s cases1 y may h to run x ?r\gh "s o!r programs 7= example1 if x is 9 t> =m71 b g5]ally x %\ld n[ be ready = y to d[nload to y\r own comput] 7on :i* y might !n h to run a de-compressor program su* z ,,pkxzip74 #i4c ,,files ,,to ,,non-,,int]net ,,sites ,:at if y\r fri5d only connects ) a non-,unix sy/em1 su* z ,compu,serve or ,m,c,i,mail8 ,!re are programs available = ,,ms-,,dos1 ,apple & ,amiga comput]s t w encode & decode files4 ,( c\rse1 s9ce y c't s5d "o ( ^! programs to y\r fri5d via e-mail 7h[ w\ld %e un-encode x871 y'll h to mail 7! old-fa%ion$ way7 or give h] a diskette ) ! program on x fir/4 ,!n1 %e c get ! file by e-mail & g ?r\gh ! above process 7only on h] own comput]7 to get a usable file4 ,rememb] to give h] an encod] program z well1 if %e wants to s5d y files 9 return4 ,= ,,ms-,,dos ma*9es1 y'll want to get uunecode4com & uudecode4com4 ,bo? c be f\nd ?r\gh anonym\s ftp at wu>*ive4wu/l4edu 9 ! _/mirrors_/msdos_//>t] directory4 ,! ,,ms- ,,dos v]sion is z easy to use z ! ,unix "o3 ,j type uudecode fil5ame4ext & hit ent]4 ,mac us]s %\ld get a program call$ uutool1 :i* c be f\nd 9 ! info-mac_/util directory on sumex-aim4/an=d4edu4 ,?9k twice be=e s5d+ somebody a giant file4 ,al?\gh l>ge sites connect$ directly to ! ,int]net c probably h&le mega-files1 _m small] sy/ems _c4 ,"s comm]cial sy/ems1 su* z ,compu,serve & ,m,c,i,mail1 limit ! size ( mail messages _! us]s c receive4 ,fidonet doesn't ev5 all[ encod$ messages4 ,9 g5]al1 a file size ( #cj1jjj or s bytes is a safe upp] limit = non-,int]net sy/ems4 #i4d ,,gett+ ,,ftp ,,files ,,via ,e-,,mail ,to help p )\t ftp access1 a numb] ( ftp sites h set up mail s]v]s 7also kn[n z ar*ive s]v]s7 t all[ y to get files via e-mail4 ,y s5d a reque/ to "o ( ^! ma*9es & !y s5d back ! file y want4 ,z ) ftp1 y'll be able to f9d ev]y?+ f hi/orical docum5ts to s(tw>e 7b please note t if y d h access to ftp1 t me?od is always quick] & ties up few] res\rces ?an us+ e-mail74 ,"s int]e/+ or useful mail s]v]s include3 mail-s]v]rtfm4mit4edu ,files ( frequ5tly ask$ que/ions relat$ to ,us5et2 /ate-by-/ate li/s ( ,u4,s4 repres5tatives & ,s5ators & _! addresses & (fice phone numb]s4 ar*ive-s]v]eff4org ,in=mation ab\t ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation2 docum5ts ab\t legal issues on ! ,net4 ar*ive-s]v]cs4wid5]4edu ,back copies ( ! ,comput] ,und]gr\nd ,dige/ & e possible fact y c\ld want to "k ab\t ,! ,simpsons4 netlibuunet4uu4net ,programs = _m types ( p]sonal comput]s2 ar*ives ( pa/ po/+s f _m ,us5et newsgr\ps4 ar*ive-s]v]ames4arc4nasa4gov ,space-relat$ text & graphics 7,,gif-=mat7 files4 s]vicenic4ddn4mil ,detail$ in=mation ab\t ,int]net4 ,mo/ mail s]v]s "w pretty mu* ! same -- y s5d an e-mail message t tells !m :at file y want & h[ y want x s5t to y4 ,! mo/ important comm& is s5d1 :i* tells ! comput] y want x to s5d y a p>ticul> file4 ,fir/1 ?\gh1 y'll ne$ to "k :]e ! mail s]v] /ores t file1 because y h to tell x :i* directory or sub- directory x's 94 ,!re are a c\ple ( ways to d ?is4 ,y c s5d an e-mail message to ! ar*ive-s]v] t consi/s ( "o l9e3 index ,! s]v] w !n s5d y a directory li/+ ( its ma91 or root directory4 ,y'll !n h to s5d a second message to ! ar*ive s]v] ) "o l9e3 index directory_/subdirectory :]e t is ! directory or directory pa? = :i* y want a li/+4 ,an alt]native is to s5d an e-mail message to our old fri5d ar*ie1 :i* %\ld s5d y back ! file's exact location on ! ar*ive-s]v] 7along ) simil> li/+s = all ! o!r sites t may h ! file1 h[ev]7 ,once y h ! file "n & its directory pa?1 compose a message to ! ar*ive s]v] l ?is3 s5d directory_/subdirectory_/file ,s5d (f ! message &1 any:]e f a few m9utes to a c\ple ( days lat]1 y'll f9d a new message 9 y\r mailbox3 a copy ( ! file y reque/$4 ,! exact "t x w take a file to get to y dep5ds on a v>iety ( factors1 includ+ h[ _m reque/s are 9 l9e be=e y\rs 7mail s]v]s c only process s _m reque/s at a "t7 & ! /ate ( ! connections betwe5 ! s]v] & y4 ,seems simple en\gh4 ,x gets a little m complicat$ :5 y reque/ a program r ?an a docum5t4 ,programs or o!r files t conta9 unusual *>act]s or l9es long] ?an #acj *>act]s 7graphics files1 = example7 require special process+ by bo? ! mail s]v] to ensure !y are transmitt$ via e-mail4 ,!n y'll h to run !m ?r\gh at lea/ "o conv]t] program to put !m 9 a =m y c actually use4 ,to ensure t a program or o!r non-mailable file actually gets to y1 include ano!r l9e 9 y\r e-mail message to ! s]v]3 encod] ,?is conv]ts ! file into an encod$ =m4 ,to decode x1 y'll fir/ h to transf] ! file message into a file 9 y\r home directory4 ,"o fur!r complication comes :5 y reque/ a p>ticul>ly long file4 ,_m ,net sites c only h&le s mu* mail at a "t4 ,to make sure y get ! entire file1 tell ! mail s]v] to break x up into small] pieces1 ) ano!r l9e 9 y\r e-mail reque/ l ?is3 size #ajjjjj ,?is gives ! mail s]v] ! maximum size1 9 bytes1 ( ea* file segm5t4 ,?is p>ticul> size is good = ,,uucp sites4 ,int]net & ,bitnet sites c g5]ally g up to #cjjjjj4 ,:5 y get all ( ^! files 9 mail1 transf] !m to y\r home directory4 ,exit mail & call up ea* file 9 y\r ho/ sy/em's text processor & delete ea* "o's entire head] & foot] 7or signature at ! end74 ,:5 done ) ?is1 at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 type cat file#a file#b bigfile :]e file#a is ! fir/ file1 file#b ! second file1 & s on4 ,! tells y\r ho/ sy/em to comb9e !m into a new megafile call$ bigfile 7or :atev] y want to call x74 ,aft] y save ! file to y\r home directory 7see section #i4b above71 y c !n run uudecode1 t>1 etc4 ,"o ^w ( caution1 ?\gh3 if ! file y want is long en\gh t x has to be brok5 into pieces1 ?9k ( h[ mu* "t x's go+ to take y to d[nload ! :ole ?+ -- especially if y're us+ a #bdjj-;baud modem6 ,!re are a numb] ( o!r mail s]v]s4 ,to get a li/1 s5d an e-mail message to mail-s]v]rtfm4mit4edu3 s5d us5et_/comp4s\rces4want$_/,h[tof9ds\rces 7,,read,,?is,,be=e,,po/+7 ,y'll h to spell x exactly z li/$ above4 ,"s mail s]v]s use diff]5t s(tw>e1 :i* w require slightly diff]5t comm&s ?an ! ones li/$ "h4 ,9 g5]al1 if y s5d a message to a mail s]v] t says only help y %\ld get back a file detail+ all ( its comm&s4 ,b :at if ! file y want is n on "o ( ^! mail s]v]s8 ,t's :]e ftpmail comes 94 ,run by ,digital ,equipm5t ,corp4 9 ,cali=nia1 ?is s]vice c connect to almo/ any ftp site 9 ! _w1 get ! file y want & !n mail x to y4 ,us+ x is fairly simple -- y s5d an e-mail message to ftpmail t includes a s]ies ( comm&s tell+ ! sy/em :]e to f9d ! file y want & h[ to =mat x to mail to y4 ,compose an e-mail message to ftpmaildecwrl4dec4com ,leave ! subject3 l9e blank4 ,inside ! message1 !re are sev]al comm&s y c give4 ,! fir/ l9e %\ld be reply address :]e address is y\r e-mail address4 ,! next l9e %\ld be connect ho/ :]e ho/ is ! sy/em t has ! file y want 7= example3 wu>*ive4wu/l4edu74 ,o!r comm&s y %\ld consid] us+ are b9>y 7requir$ = program files72 compress 7r$uces ! file size = quick] transmission7 & uu5code 7:i* encodes ! file s y c d some?+ ) x :5 x arrives74 ,! la/ l9e ( y\r message %\ld be ! ^w quit4 ,let's say y want a copy ( ! ,u4,s4 con/itution4 ,us+ ar*ie1 y've f\nd a file call$1 surprise1 con/itution1 at ! ftp site ar*ive4cis4ohio-/ate4edu1 9 ! _/pub_/fire>ms_/politics_/rkba directory4 ,y'd s5d a message to ftpmaildecwrl4dec4com t looks l ?is3 reply adamg_w4/d4com connect ar*ive4cis4ohio-/ate4edu b9>y compress uu5code get pub_/fire>ms_/politics_/rkba_/con/itutio n quit ,:5 y get ! file 9 y\r mailbox1 use ! above proc$ure = copy+ x to a file4 ,run x ?r\gh uudecode4 ,!n type uncompress file4"n to make x usable4 ,s9ce ?is 0 a text file1 y c\ld h *ang$ ! b9>y to ascii & !n elim9at$ ! uu5code file4 ,= programs1 ?\gh1 y'll want to keep ^! l9es4 ,"o caveat ) ftpmail3 x has become su* a popul> s]vice t x c\ld take a week or m = y\r reque/$ files to arrive4 #i4e ,,! ,,all ,,kn[+ ,,oracle ,"o o!r ?+ y c d ?r\gh e-mail is consult ) ! ,us5et ,oracle4 ,y c ask ! ,oracle any?+ at all & get back an answ] 7:e!r y l ! answ] is ano!r "q74 ,fir/1 y'll want to get in/ructions on h[ to address ! ,oracle 7he1 or %e1 or x1 is v p>ticul> ab\t su* ?+s & likes be+ address$ 9 augu/1 solemn & p>ticul>ly sycophantic tones74 ,/>t an e-mail message to oracleiuvax4cs4indiana4edu ,9 ! subject3 l9e1 type help & hit ent]4 ,y don't actually h to say any?+ 9 ! message itself -- at lea/ n yet4 ,hit control-,d to s5d (f y\r reque/ = help4 ,)9 a few h\rs1 ! ,oracle w mail y back detail$ in/ructions4 ,x's a fairly long file1 s be=e y />t read+ x1 turn on y\r communications s(tw>e's logg+ function1 to save x to y\r comput] 7or save ! message to a file on y\r ho/ sy/em's home directory & !n d[nload ! file74 ,aft] y've dige/$ x1 y c compose y\r "q to ! ,oracle4 ,mail x to ! above address1 only ?is "t ) a subject l9e t describes y\r "q4 ,expect an answ] )9 a c\ple ( days4 ,& don't be surpris$ if y also f9d a "q 9 y\r mailbox -- ! ,oracle extracts paym5t by mak+ seek]s ( k answ] que/ions z well6 ,*apt] #aj3 ,,news ,,( ,,! ,,_w #aj4a ,cl>9et3 ,,upi1 ,dave ,b>ry & ,dilb]t4 ,us5et newsgr\ps c be some?+ ( a misnom]4 ,!y may be int]e/+1 in=mative & educational1 b !y are (t5 n news1 at lea/1 n ! way mo/ p w\ld ?9k ( !m4 ,b !re are sev]al s\rces ( news & sports on ! ,net4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ is ,cl>9et1 a company 9 ,cup]t9o1 ,calf41 t di/ributes wire-s]vice news & columns1 along ) a news s]vice devot$ to comput]s & ev5 ! ,dilb]t comic /rip1 9 ,us5et =m4 ,di/ribut$ 9 ,us5et =m1 ,cl>9et /ories & columns are organiz$ into m ?an #ajj newsgr\ps 79 ?is case1 a truly appropriate "n71 "s ( !m ) an extremely n>r[ focus1 = example1 cl>i4news4gov4taxes4 ,! g5]al news & sports come f ,unit$ ,press ,int]national2 ! comput] news f ! ,news,bytes s]vice2 ! features f sev]al syndicates4 ,because ,cl>9et *>ges = its s]vice1 n all ho/ sy/ems c>ry its articles4 ,^? t d c>ry !m z ,us5et gr\ps />t+ ) cl>i4 ,z ) o!r ,us5et hi]>*ies1 ^! are nam$ />t+ ) broad area & end+ ) m specific categories4 ,"s ( ^! include bus9ess news 7cl>i4biz72 g5]al national & =eign news1 politics & ! l 7cl>i4news71 sports 7cl>i4sports72 columns by ,mike ,royko1 ,miss ,mann]s1 ,dave ,b>ry & o!rs 7cl>i4feature72 & ,news,bytes comput] & telecommunications reports 7cl>i4nb74 ,because ,cl>9et />t$ 9 ,canada1 !re is a sep>ate set ( cl>i4canada newsgr\ps4 ,! cl>i4nb newsgr\ps are divid$ into specific comput] types 7cl>i4nb4apple1 = example74 ,cl>i news gr\ps feature /ories updat$ ar\nd ! clock4 ,!re are ev5 a c\ple ( bullet9 newsgr\ps = break+ /ories3 cl>i4news4bullet9 & cl>i4news4urg5t4 ,cl>9et also sets up new newsgr\ps = break+ /ories t become ongo+ ones 7su* z major natural disa/]s1 c\ps 9 l>ge c\ntries & ! l74 ,occasionally1 y w see /ories 9 cl>i newsgr\ps t j don't seem to belong !re4 ,/ories ab\t =m] ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 mayor ,m>ion ,b>ry1 = example1 (t5 w9d int]sp]s$ among columns by ,dave ,b>ry4 ,?is happ5s because ( ! way wire s]vices "w4 ,,upi uses ?ree-lett] codes to r\te its /ories to ! newspap]s & radio /ations t make up mo/ ( its cli5tele1 & h>ri$ editors on deadl9e sometimes pun* 9 ! wrong code4 #aj4b ,,reut]s ,?is is r\ghly ! ,briti% equival5t ( ,,upi or ,associat$ ,press4 ,ms51 a public-access site 9 ,mi*igan1 curr5tly fe$s ,reut]s dispat*es into a s]ies ( ,us5et-/yle conf]5ces4 ,if y\r site subscribes to ?is s]vice1 look = newsgr\ps ) names t beg9 9 ms54reut]s4 #aj4c ,,usa ,,today ,if y\r ho/ sy/em doesn't c>ry ! cl>i or ms54reut]s newsgr\ps1 y might be able to keep up ) ! news a diff]5t way ov] ! ,net4 ,,usa ,today has be5 some?+ ( an onl9e newspap] pione]1 sell+ its /ories to bullet9-bo>d & onl9e sy/ems across ! c\ntry = sev]al ye>s4 ,clevel& ,free-,net provides ! onl9e v]sion ( ,,usa ,today 7along ) all its o!r s]vices7 = free4 ,curr5tly1 ! pap] only publi%es five days a week1 s y'll h to get y\r week5d news fix else:]e4 ,telnet3 fre5et-9-a4cwru4edu or fre5et-9-b4cwru4edu ,aft] y connect & log 91 look = ?is m5u entry3 ,,nptn_/,,usa ,,today ,,headl9e ,,news4 ,type ! numb] next to x & hit ent]4 ,y'll !n get a m5u li/+ a s]ies ( broad categories1 su* z sports & telecommunications4 ,*oose "o1 & y'll get a yet ano!r m5u1 li/+ ! t5 mo/ rec5t dates ( publication4 ,ea* ( ^! conta9s "o-p>agraph summ>ies ( ! day's news 9 t p>ticul> subject4 #aj4d ,,! ,,_w ,,today1 ,,f ,,bel>us ,,to ,,brazil ,radio ,free ,europe & ,radio ,lib]ty are ,am]ican radio /ations t broadca/ to ! =m] ,communi/ c\ntries ( ea/]n ,europe4 ,e day1 _! news dep>tm5ts prep>e a summ>y ( news 9 ^? c\ntries1 :i* is !n dissem9at$ via ! ,net1 ?r\gh a ,bitnet mail+ li/ & a ,us5et newsgr\p4 ,to h ! daily dige/s s5t directly to y\r e-mailbox1 s5d a message to li/s]vubvm4cc4buffalo4edu ,leave ! subject l9e blank1 & z a message1 write3 subscribe rf]l-l ,y\r ,"n ,alt]nately1 look = ! bullet9s 9 ! ,us5et newsgr\p misc4news- ea/-europe4rf]l4 ,daily ,brazilian news updates are available 79 ,portuguese7 f ! ,univ]sity ( ,sao ,paulo4 ,use anonym\s ftp to connect to uspif4if4usp4br ,use cd to swit* to ! :ois directory4 ,! news summ>ies are /or$ 9 files ) ?is =m3 ,,news4#bc,,oct#ib2a4 ,b to get !m1 leave (f ! semicolon & ! #a1 & don't capitalize any?+1 = example3 get news4#bcoct#ib ,daily summ>ies ( news reports f ,france 79 ,fr5*7 are availble on ! ,national ,capital ,free,net 9 ,ottawa1 ,ont4 ,telnet to fre5et4c>leton4ca & log on z3 gue/4 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select ! numb] = ,! ,news/& & !n ,la presse de ,france4 #aj4e ,e-,,mail+ ,,news ,,organizations ,a numb] ( newspap]s1 television /ations & networks & o!r news organizations n[ enc\rage read]s & view]s to communicate ) !m electronically1 via ,int]net e-mail addresses4 ,!y include3 ,! ,middlesex ,news1 ,fram+ham1 ,mass4 sysopnews4ci4net ,! ,bo/on ,globe voxboxglobe4com ,,wcvb-,,tv1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 wcvbaol4com ,,nbc ,news1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 nightlynbc4com ,! ,ottawa ,citiz51 ,ottawa1 ,ont4 ottawa-citiz5fre5et4c>leton4ca ,,cjoh-,,tv1 ,ottawa1 ,ont4 ab#cfc;fre5et4c>leton4ca ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7,fla47 ,times #gcagd4ccdd;compus]ve4com ,ill9ois ,issues1 ,spr+field1 ,ill4 gh]>disangamon4edu ,,wtvf-,,tv1 ,na%ville1 ,t5n4 craig4ownsbyna%ville4com #aj4f ,,fyi ,! cl>i4net4newus]s newsgr\p on ,us5et provides a numb] ( articles ab\t ,cl>9et & ways ( f9d+ news /ories ( int]e/ to y4 ,to discuss ! future ( newspap]s & newsrooms 9 ! new electronic m$ium1 subscribe to ! ,comput] ,assi/$ ,report+ & ,rese>* mail+ li/ on ,bitnet4 ,s5d a mail message ( ,subscribe c>r-l ,y\r ,"n to li/s]vulkyvm4bitnet4 ,*apt] #i3 ,,advanc$ ,e-,,mail #i4a ,,! ,,file',s ,,9 ,,! ,,mail ,e-mail by itself is a p[]ful tool1 & by n[ y may be s5d+ e-mail messages all ov] ! place4 ,y might ev5 be on a mail+ li/ or two4 ,b !re is a lot m to e-mail ?an j s5d+ messages4 ,if y\r ho/ sy/em does n h access to ftp1 or x doesn't h access to e ftp site on ! ,net1 y c h programs & files s5t "r to y\r mailbox4 ,& us+ "s simple te*niques1 y c use e-mail to s5d data files su* z spread%eets1 or ev5 :ole programs1 to fri5ds & colleagues ar\nd ! _w4 ,a key to bo? is a set ( programs kn[n z encod]s & decod]s4 ,= all its basic p[]1 ,net e-mail has a big problem3 x c't h&le graphics *>act]s or ! control codes f\nd 9 ev5 ! simple/ ( comput] programs4 ,encod]s h[ev]1 c translate ^! into =ms usable 9 e-mail1 :ile decod]s turn !m back into a =m t y c actually use4 ,if y are us+ a ,unix-bas$ ho/ sy/em1 *ances are x already has an encod] & decod] onl9e t y c use4 ,^! programs w also let y use programs po/$ 9 sev]al ,us5et newsgr\ps1 su* z comp4b9>ies4ibm4pc4 ,if bo? y & ! p]son ) :om y want to ex*ange files use ,unix ho/ sy/ems1 y're 9 luck because virtually all ,unix ho/ sy/ems h encod]_/decod] programs onl9e4 ,= n[1 let's assume t's ! case4 ,fir/1 upload ! file y want to s5d to y\r fri5d to y\r ho/ site 7ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator h[ to upload a file to y\r "n or home directory if y don't already "k h[74 ,!n type uu5code file file file4uu & hit ent]4 ,file is ! "n ( ! file y want to prep>e = mail+1 & yes1 y h to type ! "n twice6 ,! is a ,unix comm& t tells ! sy/em to call ! encod$ file file4uu 7y c\ld actually call x any?+ y want74 ,n[ to get x into a mail message4 ,! quick & dirty way is to type mail fri5d :]e fri5d is y\r fri5d's address4 ,at ! subject l9e1 type ! "n ( ! enclos$ file4 ,:5 y get ! blank l9e1 type r file4uu or :atev] y call$ ! file1 & hit ent]4 7on "s sy/ems1 ! may n "w2 if s1 ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator :at to use74 ,?is ins]ts ! file into y\r mail message4 ,hit control-,d1 & y\r file is on its way6 ,on ! o!r end1 :5 y\r fri5d goes into h] mailbox1 %e %\ld transf] x to h] home directory4 ,!n %e %\ld type uudecode file4"n & hit ent]4 ,?is creates a new file 9 h] "n directory ) :atev] "n y orig9ally gave x4 ,%e c !n d[nload x to h] own comput]4 ,be=e %e c actually use x1 ?\gh1 %e'll h to op5 x up ) a text processor & delete ! mail head] t has be5 /amp$ on x4 ,if y use a mail] program t automatically app5ds a signature1 tell h] ab\t t s %e c delete t z well4 #i4b ,,receiv+ ,,files ,if somebody s5ds y a file ?r\gh ! mail1 y'll h to g ?r\gh a c\ple ( /eps to get x into a =m y c actually use4 ,if y are us+ ! simple mail program1 g into mail & type w file4"n :]e is ! numb] ( ! message y want to transf] & file4"n is :at y want to call ! result+ file4 ,9 p9e1 call up ! message & hit y\r ,o key & !n ,e4 ,y'll !n be ask$ = a file "n4 ,9 elm1 call up ! message & hit y\r ,s key4 ,y'll get some?+ t looks l ?is3 file4reque/ ,type a new file "n & hit ent] 7if y hit ent] )\t typ+ a file "n1 ! message w be sav$ to ano!r mail fold]1 n y\r home directory74 ,9 all ?ree cases1 exit ! mail program to return to y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e4 ,because ! file has be5 encod$ = mail deliv]y1 y n[ h to run a decod]4 ,at ! comm& l9e1 type uudecode file4"n :]e file4"n is ! file y creat$ :ile 9 mail4 ,uudecode w create a new1 uncompress$ b9>y file4 ,9 "s cases1 y may h to run x ?r\gh "s o!r programs 7= example1 if x is 9 t> =m71 b g5]ally x %\ld n[ be ready = y to d[nload to y\r own comput] 7on :i* y might !n h to run a de-compressor program su* z ,,pkxzip74 #i4c ,,s5d+ ,,files ,,to ,,non-,,int]net ,,sites ,:at if y\r fri5d only connects ) a non-,unix sy/em1 su* z ,compu,serve or ,m,c,i,mail8 ,!re are programs available = ,,ms-,,dos1 ,apple & ,amiga comput]s t w encode & decode files4 ,( c\rse1 s9ce y c't s5d "o ( ^! programs to y\r fri5d via e-mail 7h[ w\ld %e un-encode x871 y'll h to mail 7! old-fa%ion$ way7 or give h] a diskette ) ! program on x fir/4 ,!n1 %e c get ! file by e-mail & g ?r\gh ! above process 7only on h] own comput]7 to get a usable file4 ,rememb] to give h] an encod] program z well1 if %e wants to s5d y files 9 return4 ,= ,,ms-,,dos ma*9es1 y'll want to get uunecode4com & uudecode4com4 ,bo? c be f\nd ?r\gh anonym\s ftp at wu>*ive4wu/l4edu 9 ! _/mirrors_/msdos_//>t] directory4 ,! ,,ms- ,,dos v]sion is z easy to use z ! ,unix "o3 ,j type uudecode fil5ame4ext & hit ent]4 ,mac us]s %\ld get a program call$ uutool1 :i* c be f\nd 9 ! info-mac_/util directory on sumex-aim4/an=d4edu4 ,?9k twice be=e s5d+ somebody a giant file4 ,al?\gh l>ge sites connect$ directly to ! ,int]net c probably h&le mega-files1 _m small] sy/ems _c4 ,"s comm]cial sy/ems1 su* z ,compu,serve & ,m,c,i,mail1 limit ! size ( mail messages _! us]s c receive4 ,fidonet doesn't ev5 all[ encod$ messages4 ,9 g5]al1 a file size ( #cj1jjj or s bytes is a safe upp] limit = non-,int]net sy/ems4 #i4d ,,gett+ ,,ftp ,,files ,,via ,e-,,mail ,to help p )\t ftp access1 a numb] ( ftp sites h set up mail s]v]s 7also kn[n z ar*ive s]v]s7 t all[ y to get files via e-mail4 ,y s5d a reque/ to "o ( ^! ma*9es & !y s5d back ! file y want4 ,z ) ftp1 y'll be able to f9d ev]y?+ f hi/orical docum5ts to s(tw>e 7b please note t if y d h access to ftp1 t me?od is always quick] & ties up few] res\rces ?an us+ e-mail74 ,"s int]e/+ or useful mail s]v]s include3 mail-s]v]rtfm4mit4edu ,files ( frequ5tly ask$ que/ions relat$ to ,us5et2 /ate-by-/ate li/s ( ,u4,s4 repres5tatives & ,s5ators & _! addresses & (fice phone numb]s4 ar*ive-s]v]eff4org ,in=mation ab\t ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation2 docum5ts ab\t legal issues on ! ,net4 ar*ive-s]v]cs4wid5]4edu ,back copies ( ! ,comput] ,und]gr\nd ,dige/ & e possible fact y c\ld want to "k ab\t ,! ,simpsons4 netlibuunet4uu4net ,programs = _m types ( p]sonal comput]s2 ar*ives ( pa/ po/+s f _m ,us5et newsgr\ps4 ar*ive-s]v]ames4arc4nasa4gov ,space-relat$ text & graphics 7,,gif-=mat7 files4 s]vicenic4ddn4mil ,detail$ in=mation ab\t ,int]net4 ,mo/ mail s]v]s "w pretty mu* ! same -- y s5d an e-mail message t tells !m :at file y want & h[ y want x s5t to y4 ,! mo/ important comm& is s5d1 :i* tells ! comput] y want x to s5d y a p>ticul> file4 ,fir/1 ?\gh1 y'll ne$ to "k :]e ! mail s]v] /ores t file1 because y h to tell x :i* directory or sub- directory x's 94 ,!re are a c\ple ( ways to d ?is4 ,y c s5d an e-mail message to ! ar*ive-s]v] t consi/s ( "o l9e3 index ,! s]v] w !n s5d y a directory li/+ ( its ma91 or root directory4 ,y'll !n h to s5d a second message to ! ar*ive s]v] ) "o l9e3 index directory_/subdirectory :]e directory_/subdirectory is ! directory pa? = :i* y want a li/+4 ,an alt]native is to s5d an e-mail message to our old fri5d ar*ie1 :i* %\ld s5d y back ! file's exact location on ! ar*ive-s]v] 7along ) simil> li/+s = all ! o!r sites t may h ! file1 h[ev]7 ,once y h ! file "n & its directory pa?1 compose a message to ! ar*ive s]v] l ?is3 s5d directory_/subdirectory_/file ,s5d (f ! message &1 any:]e f a few m9utes to a c\ple ( days lat]1 y'll f9d a new message 9 y\r mailbox3 a copy ( ! file y reque/$4 ,! exact "t x w take a file to get to y dep5ds on a v>iety ( factors1 includ+ h[ _m reque/s are 9 l9e be=e y\rs 7mail s]v]s c only process s _m reque/s at a "t7 & ! /ate ( ! connections betwe5 ! s]v] & y4 ,seems simple en\gh4 ,x gets a little m complicat$ :5 y reque/ a program r ?an a docum5t4 ,programs or o!r files t conta9 unusual *>act]s or l9es long] ?an #acj *>act]s 7graphics files1 = example7 require special process+ by ! mail s]v] to ensure !y are transmitt$ via e-mail4 ,!n y'll h to run !m ?r\gh at lea/ "o conv]t] program to put !m 9 a =m y c actually use4 ,to ensure t a program or o!r non-mailable file actually gets to y1 include ano!r l9e 9 y\r e-mail message to ! s]v]3 encod] ,?is conv]ts ! file into an encod$ =m4 ,to decode x1 y'll fir/ h to transf] ! file message into a file 9 y\r home directory4 ,"o fur!r complication comes :5 y reque/ a p>ticul>ly long file4 ,_m ,net sites c only h&le s mu* mail at a "t4 ,to make sure y get ! entire file1 tell ! mail s]v] to break x up into small] pieces1 ) ano!r l9e 9 y\r e-mail reque/ l ?is3 size #ajjjjj ,?is gives ! mail s]v] ! maximum size1 9 bytes1 ( ea* file segm5t4 ,?is p>ticul> size is good = ,,uucp sites4 ,int]net & ,bitnet sites c g5]ally g up to #cjjjjj4 ,:5 y get all ( ^! files 9 mail1 transf] !m to y\r home directory4 ,exit mail & call up ea* file 9 y\r ho/ sy/em's text processor & delete ea* "o's entire head] & foot] 7or signature at ! end74 ,:5 done ) ?is1 at y\r ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e1 type cat file#a file#b bigfile :]e file#a is ! fir/ file1 file#b ! second file1 & s on4 ,! tells y\r ho/ sy/em to comb9e !m into a new megafile call$ bigfile 7or :atev] y want to call x74 ,aft] y save ! file to y\r home directory 7see section #i4b above71 y c !n run uudecode1 t>1 etc4 ,"o ^w ( caution1 ?\gh3 if ! file y want is long en\gh t x has to be brok5 into pieces1 ?9k ( h[ mu* "t x's go+ to take y to d[nload ! :ole ?+ -- especially if y're us+ a #bdjj-;baud modem6 ,!re are a numb] ( o!r mail s]v]s4 ,to get a li/1 s5d an e-mail message to mail-s]v]rtfm4mit4edu3 s5d us5et_/comp4s\rces4want$_/,h[tof9ds\rces 7,,read,,?is,,be=e,,po/+7 ,y'll h to spell x exactly z li/$ above4 ,"s mail s]v]s use diff]5t s(tw>e1 :i* w require slightly diff]5t comm&s ?an ! ones li/$ "h4 ,9 g5]al1 if y s5d a message to a mail s]v] t says only help y %\ld get back a file detail+ all ( its comm&s4 ,b :at if ! file y want is n on "o ( ^! mail s]v]s8 ,t's :]e ftpmail comes 94 ,run by ,digital ,equipm5t ,corp4 9 ,cali=nia1 ?is s]vice c connect to almo/ any ftp site 9 ! _w1 get ! file y want & !n mail x to y4 ,us+ x is fairly simple -- y s5d an e-mail message to ftpmail t includes a s]ies ( comm&s tell+ ! sy/em :]e to f9d ! file y want & h[ to =mat x to mail to y4 ,compose an e-mail message to ftpmaildecwrl4dec4com ,leave ! subject3 l9e blank4 ,inside ! message1 !re are sev]al comm&s y c give4 ,! fir/ l9e %\ld be reply address :]e address is y\r e-mail address4 ,! next l9e %\ld be connect ho/ :]e ho/ is ! sy/em t has ! file y want 7= example3 wu>*ive4wu/l4edu74 ,o!r comm&s y %\ld consid] us+ are b9>y 7requir$ = program files72 compress 7r$uces ! file size = quick] transmission7 & uu5code 7:i* encodes ! file s y c d some?+ ) x :5 x arrives74 ,! la/ l9e ( y\r message %\ld be ! ^w quit4 ,let's say y want a copy ( ! ,u4,s4 con/itution4 ,us+ ar*ie1 y've f\nd a file call$1 surprise1 con/itution1 at ! ftp site ar*ive4cis4ohio-/ate4edu1 9 ! _/pub_/fire>ms_/politics_/rkba directory4 ,y'd s5d a message to ftpmaildecwrl4dec4com t looks l ?is3 reply adamg_w4/d4com connect ar*ive4cis4ohio-/ate4edu b9>y compress uu5code get pub_/fire>ms_/politics_/rkba_/con/itutio n quit ,:5 y get ! file 9 y\r mailbox1 use ! above proc$ure = copy+ x to a file4 ,run x ?r\gh uudecode4 ,!n type uncompress file4"n to make x usable4 ,s9ce ?is 0 a text file1 y c\ld h *ang$ ! b9>y to ascii & !n elim9at$ ! uu5code file4 ,= programs1 ?\gh1 y'll want to keep ^! l9es4 ,"o caveat ) ftpmail3 x has become su* a popul> s]vice t x c\ld take a week or m = y\r reque/$ files to arrive4 #i4e ,,! ,,all ,,kn[+ ,,oracle ,"o o!r ?+ y c d ?r\gh e-mail is consult ) ! ,us5et ,oracle4 ,y c ask ! ,oracle any?+ at all & get back an answ] 7:e!r y'll l ! answ] is ano!r "q74 ,fir/1 y'll want to get in/ructions on h[ to address ! ,oracle 7he1 or %e1 or x1 is v p>ticul> ab\t su* ?+s & likes be+ address$ 9 augu/1 solemn & p>ticul>ly sycophantic tones74 ,/>t an e-mail message to oracleiuvax4cs4indiana4edu ,9 ! subject3 l9e1 type help & hit ent]4 ,y don't actually h to say any?+ 9 ! message itself -- at lea/ n yet4 ,hit control-,d to s5d (f y\r reque/ = help4 ,)9 a few h\rs1 ! ,oracle w mail y back detail$ in/ructions4 ,x's a fairly long file1 s be=e y />t read+ x1 turn on y\r communications s(tw>e's logg+ function1 to save x to y\r comput] 7or save ! message to a file on y\r ho/ sy/em's home directory & !n d[nload ! file74 ,aft] y've dige/$ x1 y c compose y\r "q to ! ,oracle4 ,mail x to ! above address1 only ?is "t ) a subject l9e t describes y\r "q4 ,expect an answ] )9 a c\ple ( days4 ,& don't be surpris$ if y also f9d a "q 9 y\r mailbox -- ! ,oracle extracts paym5t by mak+ seek]s ( k answ] que/ions z well6 ,*apt] #aj3 ,,news ,,( ,,! ,,_w #aj4a ,cl>9et3 ,,upi1 ,dave ,b>ry & ,dilb]t4 ,us5et newsgr\ps c be some?+ ( a misnom]4 ,!y may be int]e/+1 in=mative & educational1 b !y are (t5 n news1 at lea/1 n ! way mo/ p w\ld ?9k ( !m4 ,b !re are sev]al s\rces ( news & sports on ! ,net4 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ is ,cl>9et1 a company 9 ,cup]t9o1 ,calf41 t di/ributes wire-s]vice news & columns1 along ) a news s]vice devot$ to comput]s & ev5 ! ,dilb]t comic /rip1 9 ,us5et =m4 ,di/ribut$ 9 ,us5et =m1 ,cl>9et /ories & columns are organiz$ into m ?an #ajj newsgr\ps 79 ?is case1 a truly appropriate "n71 "s ( !m ) an extremely n>r[ focus1 = example1 cl>i4news4gov4taxes4 ,! g5]al news & sports come f ,unit$ ,press ,int]national2 ! comput] news f ! ,news,bytes s]vice2 ! features f sev]al syndicates4 ,because ,cl>9et *>ges = its s]vice1 n all ho/ sy/ems c>ry its articles4 ,^? t d c>ry !m z ,us5et gr\ps />t+ ) cl>i4 ,z ) o!r ,us5et hi]>*ies1 ^! are nam$ />t+ ) broad area & end+ ) m specific categories4 ,"s ( ^! include bus9ess news 7cl>i4biz72 g5]al national & =eign news1 politics & ! l 7cl>i4news71 sports 7cl>i4sports72 columns by ,mike ,royko1 ,miss ,mann]s1 ,dave ,b>ry & o!rs 7cl>i4feature72 & ,news,bytes comput] & telecommunications reports 7cl>i4nb74 ,because ,cl>9et />t$ 9 ,canada1 !re is a sep>ate set ( cl>i4canada newsgr\ps4 ,! cl>i4nb newsgr\ps are divid$ into specific comput] types 7cl>i4nb4apple1 = example74 ,cl>i news gr\ps feature /ories updat$ ar\nd ! clock4 ,!re are ev5 a c\ple ( bullet9 newsgr\ps = break+ /ories3 cl>i4news4bullet9 & cl>i4news4urg5t4 ,cl>9et also sets up new newsgr\ps = break+ /ories t become ongo+ ones 7su* z major natural disa/]s1 c\ps 9 l>ge c\ntries & ! l74 ,occasionally1 y w see /ories 9 cl>i newsgr\ps t j don't seem to belong !re4 ,/ories ab\t =m] ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 mayor ,m>ion ,b>ry1 = example1 (t5 w9d int]sp]s$ among columns by ,dave ,b>ry4 ,?is happ5s because ( ! way wire s]vices "w4 ,,upi uses ?ree-lett] codes to r\te its /ories to ! newspap]s & radio /ations t make up mo/ ( its cli5tele1 & h>ri$ editors on deadl9e sometimes pun* 9 ! wrong code4 #aj4b ,,reut]s ,?is is r\ghly ! ,briti% equival5t ( ,,upi or ,associat$ ,press4 ,ms51 a public-access site 9 ,mi*igan1 curr5tly fe$s ,reut]s dispat*es into a s]ies ( ,us5et-/yle conf]5ces4 ,if y\r site subscribes to ?is s]vice1 look = newsgr\ps ) names t beg9 9 ms54reut]s4 #aj4c ,,usa ,,today ,if y\r ho/ sy/em doesn't c>ry ! cl>i or ms54reut]s newsgr\ps1 y might be able to keep up ) ! news a diff]5t way ov] ! ,net4 ,,usa ,today has be5 some?+ ( an onl9e newspap] pione]1 sell+ its /ories to bullet9-bo>d & onl9e sy/ems across ! c\ntry = sev]al ye>s4 ,clevel& ,free-,net provides ! onl9e v]sion ( ,,usa ,today 7along ) all its o!r s]vices7 = free4 ,curr5tly1 ! pap] publi%es only five days a week1 s y'll h to get y\r week5d news fix else:]e4 ,telnet3 fre5et-9-a4cwru4edu or fre5et-9-b4cwru4edu or fre5et-9-c4cwru4edu ,aft] y connect & log 91 look = ?is m5u entry3 ,,nptn_/,,usa ,,today ,,headl9e ,,news4 ,type ! numb] next to x & hit ent]4 ,y'll !n get a m5u li/+ a s]ies ( broad categories1 su* z sports & telecommunications4 ,*oose "o1 & y'll get a yet ano!r m5u1 li/+ ! t5 mo/ rec5t dates ( publication4 ,ea* ( ^! conta9s "o-p>agraph summ>ies ( ! day's news 9 t p>ticul> subject4 #aj4d ,,national ,,public ,,radio ,look 9 ! alt4radio4networks4npr newsgr\p 9 ,us5et = summ>ies ( ,,npr news %[s su* z ,all ,?+s ,consid]$4 ,?is newsgr\p is also a place to discuss ! network & its %[s1 p]sonalities & policies4 #aj4e ,,! ,,_w ,,today1 ,,f ,,bel>us ,,to ,,brazil ,radio ,free ,europe & ,radio ,lib]ty are ,am]ican radio /ations t broadca/ to ! =m] ,communi/ c\ntries ( ea/]n ,europe4 ,e day1 _! news dep>tm5ts prep>e a summ>y ( news 9 ^? c\ntries1 :i* is !n dissem9at$ via ! ,net1 ?r\gh a ,bitnet mail+ li/ & a ,us5et newsgr\p4 ,to h ! daily dige/s s5t directly to y\r e-mailbox1 s5d a message to li/s]vubvm4cc4buffalo4edu ,leave ! subject l9e blank1 & z a message1 write3 subscribe rf]l-l ,y\r ,"n ,alt]nately1 look = ! bullet9s 9 ! ,us5et newsgr\p misc4news- ea/-europe4rf]l4 ,! ,voice ( ,am]ica1 a gov]nm5t broadca/+ s]vice aim$ at o!r c\ntries1 provides transcripts ( its ,engli%-language news reports ?r\gh bo? goph] & anonym\s ftp4 ,= ! =m]1 use goph] to connect to ?is address3 goph]4voa4gov & = ! latt]1 to ?is address3 ftp4voa4gov ,daily ,brazilian news updates are available 79 ,portuguese7 f ! ,univ]sity ( ,sao ,paulo4 ,use anonym\s ftp to connect to uspif4if4usp4br ,use cd to swit* to ! :ois directory4 ,! news summ>ies are /or$ 9 files ) ?is =m3 ,,news4#bc,,oct#ib2a4 ,b to get !m1 leave (f ! semicolon & ! #a1 & don't capitalize any?+1 = example3 get news4#bcoct#ib ,daily summ>ies ( news reports f ,france 79 ,fr5*7 are availble on ! ,national ,capital ,free,net 9 ,ottawa1 ,ont4 ,telnet to fre5et4c>leton4ca & log on z3 gue/4 ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select ! numb] = ,! ,news/& & !n ,la presse de ,france4 #aj4f ,e-,,mail+ ,,news ,,organizations ,a numb] ( newspap]s1 television /ations & networks & o!r news organizations n[ enc\rage read]s & view]s to communicate ) !m electronically1 via ,int]net e-mail addresses4 ,!y include3 ,! ,middlesex ,news1 ,fram+ham1 ,mass4 sysopnews4ci4net ,! ,bo/on ,globe voxboxglobe4com ,,wcvb-,,tv1 ,bo/on1 ,mass4 wcvbaol4com ,,nbc ,news1 ,new ,york1 ,n4,y4 nightlynbc4com ,! ,ottawa ,citiz51 ,ottawa1 ,ont4 ottawa-citiz5fre5et4c>leton4ca ,,cjoh-,,tv1 ,ottawa1 ,ont4 ab#cfc;fre5et4c>leton4ca ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7,fla47 ,times #gcagd4ccdd;compus]ve4com ,ill9ois ,issues1 ,spr+field1 ,ill4 gh]>disangamon4edu ,,wtvf-,,tv1 ,na%ville1 ,t5n4 craig4ownsbyna%ville4com ,santa ,cruz ,c\nty 7,calif47 ,s5t9el s5t$cruzio4com ,morn+ ,j\rnal1 ,lora91 ,ohio mamjornlfre5et4lora94ob]l94edu ,,wcco-,,tv1 ,m9neapolis1 ,m9n4 wccotvmr4net ,tico ,times1 ,co/a ,rica ttimeshuracon4cr #aj4g ,,fyi ,! cl>i4net4newus]s newsgr\p on ,us5et provides a numb] ( articles ab\t ,cl>9et & ways ( f9d+ news /ories ( int]e/ to y4 ,to discuss ! future ( newspap]s & newsrooms 9 ! new electronic m$ium1 subscribe to ! ,comput] ,assi/$ ,report+ & ,rese>* mail+ li/ on ,bitnet4 ,s5d a mail message ( ,subscribe c>r-l ,y\r ,"n to li/s]vulkyvm4bitnet4 ,*apt] #aa3 ,,irc1 ,m,u,ds ,,& ,,o!r ,,?+s ,,t ,,are ,,m ,,fun ,,?an ,,!y ,,s\nd ,_m ,net sy/ems provide access to a s]ies ( int]active s]vices t let y hold live *ats or play onl9e games ) p ar\nd ! _w4 ,to f9d out if y\r ho/ sy/em (f]s ^!1 y c ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator or j try !m -- if no?+ happ5s1 !n y\r sy/em does n provide !m4 ,9 g5]al1 if y c use telnet & ftp1 *ances are good y c use ^! s]vices z well4 #aa4a ,,talk ,?is is ! ,net equival5t ( a telephone conv]sation & requires t bo? y & ! p]son y want to talk to h access to ?is function & are onl9e at ! same "t4 ,to use x1 type talk us]site4"n :]e us]site4"n is ! e-mail address ( ! o!r p]son4 ,%e w see some?+ l ?is on h] scre53 talk3 connection reque/$ by y\rnamesite4"n talk3 respond )3 talk y\rnamesite4"n ,to />t ! conv]sation1 %e %\ld !n type 7at h] ho/ sy/em's comm& l9e73 talk y\rnamesite4"n :]e t is y\r e-mail address4 ,bo? ( y w !n get a top & bottom w9d[ on y\r scre54 ,%e w see ev]y?+ y type 9 "o w9d[2 y'll see ev]y?+ %e types 9 ! o!r4 ,to disconnect1 hit control-,c4 ,"o note3 ,public-access sites t use ,sun comput]s sometimes h tr\ble ) ! talk program4 ,if talk does n "w1 try typ+ otalk or ntalk in/ead4 ,h[ev]1 ! p>ty at ! o!r end w h to h ! same program onl9e = ! connection to "w4 #aa4b ,,int]net ,,relay ,,*at ,,irc is a program t lets y hold live keybo>d conv]sations ) p ar\nd ! _w4 ,x's a lot l an int]national ,,cb radio - x ev5 uses *annels4 ,type some?+ on y\r comput] & x's in/antly e*o$ ar\nd ! _w to :oev] happ5s to be on ! same *annel ) y4 ,y c jo9 9 exi/+ public gr\p *ats or set up y\r own4 ,y c ev5 create a private *annel = y\rself & z few z "o or two o!r p4 ,& j l on a ,,cb radio1 y c give y\rself a unique h&le or nickname4 ,,irc curr5tly l9ks ho/ sy/ems 9 #bj diff]5t c\ntries1 f ,au/ralia to ,hong ,kong to ,israel4 ,un=tunately1 x's l telnet -- ei!r y\r site has x or x doesn't4 ,if y\r ho/ sy/em does h x1 ,j type irc & hit ent]4 ,y'll get some?+ l ?is3 999999 ,connect+ to port #fffg ( s]v] _w4/d4com 999999 ,welcome to ! ,int]net ,relay ,network1 adamg 999999 ,y\r ho/ is _w4/d4com1 runn+ v]sion #b4g4a;e#d 999999 ,y h new mail4 999999 ,if y h n already done s1 please read ! new us] in=mation ) _/,,help ,,newus] 999999 ,?is s]v] 0 creat$ ,sat ,apr #ah #aiib at #af3bg3jb ,,edt 999999 ,!re are #cfd us]s on #adj s]v]s 999999 #de us]s h connection to ! twilight zone 999999 ,!re are #abd *annels4 999999 ,i h #a cli5ts & #c s]v]s ,,motd - _w4/d4com ,message ( ! ,day - ,,motd - ,be c>eful out !re444 ,,motd - ,,motd - -,spike 99 ,end ( _/,,motd comm&4 #bc3ac #a adamg ,mail3 #cb 99 type _/help = help ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,y are n[ 9 *annel #j1 ! null *annel1 9 :i* y c look up v>i\s help files1 b n mu* else4 ,z y c see1 ,,irc takes ov] y\r entire scre54 ,! top ( ! scre5 is :]e messages w appe>4 ,! la/ l9e is :]e y type ,,irc comm&s & messages4 ,all ,,irc comm&s beg9 ) a _/4 ,! sla% tells ! comput] y are ab\t to ent] a comm&1 r ?an a message4 ,to see :at *annels are available1 type _/li/ & hit ent]4 ,y'll get some?+ l ?is3 999999 ,*annel ,us]s ,topic 999999 ,money #a ,s*ool ,,ca,h 7_/msg ,,sos,,aid help7 999999 ,gone #a ----- ,gone ) ! w9d666 ------ 999999 mee #a 999999 eclipse #a 999999 hiya #b 999999 saigon #d 999999 screw$ #c 999999 z #b 999999 comix #a ,,let',s ,,talk ',,b\t ,,comix66666 999999 ,drama #a 999999 ,ray,trace #a ,r5d]+ to ,reality & ,back 999999 ,ne,x,t #a 999999 wicca #d ,mr4 ,potato ,head1 ,r4 ,i4 ,p4 999999 ddemhe #a no'ng *ay8 mo998 444ba con o99iiii 999999 jgm #a 999999 ucd #a 999999 ,ma9e #b 999999 ,snuffl& #a 999999 p_/g6 #d 999999 ,dragon,srv #a ,because ,,irc all[s = a l>ge numb] ( *annels1 ! li/ might scroll (f y\r scre51 s y might want to turn on y\r comput]'s scre5 capture to capture ! entire li/4 ,note t ! *annels always h names1 in/ead ( numb]s4 ,ea* l9e 9 ! li/+ tells y ! *annel "n1 ! numb] ( p curr5tly 9 x1 & :e!r !re's a specific topic = x4 ,to swit* to a p>ticul> *annel1 type _/jo9 *annel :]e *annel is ! *annel "n & hit ent]4 ,"s public *annels actually require an invitation f somebody already on x4 ,to reque/ an invitation1 type _/:o *annel-"n :]e *annel-"n is ! "n ( ! *annel1 & hit ent]4 ,!n ask someone ) an next to _! "n if y c jo9 94 ,note t :5ev] y ent] a *annel1 y h to include ! 4 ,*oose "o ) a numb] ( us]s1 s y c see ,,irc 9 action4 ,if x's a busy *annel1 z soon z y jo9 x1 ! top ( y\r scre5 w quickly be fill$ ) messages4 ,ea* w />t ) a p]son's ,,irc nickname1 foll[$ by 8 message4 ,x may seem awfully confus+ at fir/4 ,!re c\ld be two or ?ree conv]sations go+ on at ! same "t & sometimes ! messages w come 9 s fa/ y'll wond] h[ y c read !m all4 ,ev5tually1 ?\gh1 y'll get into ! rhy?m ( ! *annel & ?+s w beg9 to make m s5se4 ,y might ev5 want to add y\r two c5ts 79 fact1 don't be surpris$ if a message to y %[s up on y\r scre5 "r away2 on "s *annels1 newcom]s are welcom$ imm$iately74 ,to ent] a public message1 simply type x on t bottom l9e 7! comput] kn[s x's a message because y hav5't />t$ ! l9e ) a sla%7 & hit ent]4 ,public messages h a us]'s nickname 9 brackets1 l ?is3 tomg ,if y receive a private message f somebody1 8 "n w be betwe5 a/]isks1 l ?is3 99tomg99 #aa4c ,,irc ,,comm&s ,note3 ,hit ent] aft] ea* comm&4 _/away ,:5 y're call$ away to put out a grease fire 9 ! kit*51 issue ?is comm& to let o!rs "k y're /ill connect$ b j away f y\r t]m9al or comput] = a:ile4 _/help ,br+s up a li/ ( comm&s = :i* !re is a help file4 ,y w get a topic3 prompt4 ,type 9 ! subject = :i* y want in=mation & hit ent]4 ,hit ent] by itself to exit help4 _/invite ,asks ano!r ,,irc to jo9 y 9 a conv]sation4 _/invite fleepo hottub w\ld s5d a message to fleepo ask+ him to jo9 y on ! hottub *annel4 ,! *annel "n is optional4 _/jo9 ,use ?is to swit* to or create a p>ticul> *annel1 l ?is3 _/jo9 hottub ,if "o ( ^! *annels exi/s & is n a private "o1 y w ent] x4 ,o!rwise1 y h j creat$ x4 ,note y h to use a z ! fir/ "*4 _/li/ ,?is w give y a li/ ( all available public *annels1 _! topics 7if any7 & ! numb] ( us]s curr5tly on !m4 ,hidd5 & private *annels are n %[n4 _/m "n ,s5d a private message to t us]4 _/mode ,?is lets y det]m9e :o c jo9 a *annel y've creat$4 _/mode *annel s creates a secret *annel4 _/mode *annel p makes ! *annel private _/nick ,?is lets y *ange ! "n by :i* o!rs see y4 _/nick fleepo w\ld *ange y\r "n = ! pres5t session to fleepo4 ,p c /ill use _/:ois to f9d y\r e-mail address4 ,if y try to ent] a *annel :]e somebody else is already us+ t nickname1 ,,irc w ask y to select ano!r "n4 _/qu]y ,?is sets up a private conv]sation betwe5 y & ano!r ,,irc us]4 ,to d ?is1 type _/qu]y nickname ,e message y type aft] t w g only to t p]son4 ,if %e !n types _/qu]y nickname :]e nickname is y\rs1 !n y h e/abli%$ a private conv]sation4 ,to exit ?is mode1 type _/qu]y by itself4 ,:ile 9 qu]y mode1 y & ! o!r p]son c cont9ue to li/5 to ! discussion on :atev] public *annels y 7 on1 al?\gh nei!r ( y w be able to respond to any ( ! messages !re4 _/quit ,exit ,,irc4 _/sign(f ,exit ,,irc4 _/summon ,asks somebody connect$ to a ho/ sy/em ) ,,irc to jo9 y on ,,irc4 ,y mu/ use ! p]son's entire e-mail address4 _/summon fleepofoo4b>4com w\ld s5d a message to fleepo ask+ him to />t ,,irc4 ,usually n a good idea to j summon p unless y "k !y're already am5able to ! idea2 o!rwise y may w9d up annoy+ !m no end4 ,?is comm& does n "w on all sites4 _/topic ,:5 y've />t$ a new *annel1 use ?is comm& to let o!rs "k :at x's ab\t4 _/topic ,amiga w\ld tell p :o use _/li/ t y\r *annel is meant = discuss+ ,amiga comput]s4 _/:o *an ,%[s y ! e-mail address ( p on a p>ticul> *annel4 _/:o foo w\ld %[ y ! addresses ( ev]ybody on *annel foo4 _/:o by itself %[s y e e-mail address = e p]son on ,,irc at ! "t1 al?\gh be c>eful3 on a busy night y might get a li/ ( #ejj names6 _/:ois ,use ?is to get "s in=mation ab\t a specific ,,irc us] or to see :o is onl9e4 _/:ois nickname w give y ! e-mail address = ! p]son us+ t nickname4 _/:ois 99 w li/ ev]ybody on e *annel4 _/:[as ,simil> to _/:ois2 gives in=mation = p :o rec5tly sign$ (f ,,irc4 #aa4d ,,irc ,,9 ,,times ,,( ,,crisis ,,irc has become a new m$ium = /ay+ on top ( really big break+ news4 ,9 #aiic1 :5 ,russian lawmak]s b>ricad$ !mselves inside ! p>liam5t build+1 "s ent]pris+ ,muscovites & a c\ple ( ,am]icans set up a news *annel on ,,irc to relay fir/-p]son acc\nts direct f ,mosc[4 ,! *annel 0 set up to provide a cont9u\s loop ( in=mation1 mu* l all-news radio /ations t cycle ?r\gh ! day's news e #bj m9utes4 ,9 #aiid1 ,los ,angeles resid5ts set up a simil> *annel to relay in=mation relat$ to ! ,nor?ridge e>?quake4 ,9 bo? cases1 logs ( ! *annels 7 ar*iv$ some:]e on ! ,net1 = ^? unable to tune 9 live4 ,h[ w\ld y f9d su* *annels 9 ! future8 ,use ! _/li/ comm& to scroll ?r\gh ! available *annels4 ,if "o has be5 set up to discuss a p>ticul> break+ ev5t1 *ances are y'll see a brief description next to ! *annel "n t w tell y t's ! place to tune4 #aa4e ,m,u,ds ,multiple-,us] ,dim5sions or ,dungeons 7,m,u,ds7 take ,,irc into ! realm ( fantasy4 ,m,u,ds are live1 role-play+ games 9 :i* y ent] assume a new id5tity & ent] an alt]nate reality ?r\gh y\r keybo>d4 ,z y explore ?is o!r _w1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( simple comm&s 7su* z look1 g & take71 y'll run across o!r us]s1 :o may engage y 9 a fri5dly discussion1 enli/ y\r aid 9 "s que/ or try to kill y = no app>5t reason4 ,ea* ,,mud has its own p]sonality & creator 7or ,god7 :o 0 will+ to put 9 ! long h\rs requir$ to e/abli% ! p>ticul> ,,mud's rules1 laws ( nature & in=mation databases4 ,"s ,m,u,ds /ress ! social aspects ( onl9e communications -- us]s frequ5tly ga!r onl9e to *at & jo9 toge!r to build new /ructures or ev5 entire realms4 ,o!rs are clos] to ,dungeons & ,dragons & are fill$ ) sorc]]s1 dragons & evil p out to keep y f complet+ y\r que/ -- ?r\gh murd] if necess>y4 ,_m ,m,u,ds 7!re are also relat$ games kn[n z ,m,u,c,ks & ,m,u,s,es7 require y to apply 9 advance1 ?r\gh e-mail1 = a "* "n & password4 ,"o t lets y look ar\nd fir/1 ?\gh1 is ,holo,muck at ,mc,gill ,univ]sity 9 ,montreal4 ,! premise ( ?is game is t y arrive 9 ! middle ( ,tan/aafl1 a city on ! planet ,holo4 ,y h to f9d a place to live 7else y get ?r[n into ! homeless %elt]7 & !n y c beg9 explor+4 ,magic is all[$ on ?is _w1 b only outside ! city limits4 ,get bor$ ) ! city & y c roam ! re/ ( ! _w or ev5 take a trip into orbit 7( c\rse1 all ?is takes money2 y c ei!r wait = y\r weekly sal>y or take a trip to ! city cas9o74 ,once y become famili> ) ! city & get y\r own "*1 y c ev5 beg9 erect+ y\r own build+ 7or subway l9e1 or almo/ any?+ else74 ,to connect1 telnet to collatz4mcrcim4mcgill4edu #egeg ,:5 y connect1 type connect gue/ gue/ & hit ent]4 ,?is connects y to ! gue/ acc\nt1 :i* has a password ( gue/4 ,y'll see ?is3 ,! ,homeless ,%elt]7#bb,rna7 ,y wake up 9 ! t[n's ,homeless ,%elt]1 :]e vagrants are put = protective hold+4 ,please don't sleep 9 public places-- !re are pl5ty ( op5 ap>tm5ts available4 ,type 'ap>tm5ts' to see h[ to get to an ap>tm5t build+ ) op5 vacancies4 ,!re is a small sign on ! wall "h1 ) helpful in=mation4 ,type 'look sign' to read x4 ,! door is /&+ op5 = y\r return to respectable society4 ,simply walk 'out' to ! c5t]4 ,( c\rse1 y want to jo9 respectable society1 b fir/ y want to see :at t sign says4 ,s y type look sign & hit ent]1 :i* br+s up a li/ ( "s basic comm&s4 ,!n y type out foll[$ by ent]1 :i* br+s up ?is3 ,y slip out ! door1 & head s\!a/444 ,tan/aafl ,c5t] ,?is is ! c5t] ( ! beautiful t[n ( ,tan/aafl4 ,high ,/reet runs nor? & s\? into resid5tial areas1 :ile ,ma9 ,/reet runs ea/ & we/ into bus9ess di/ricts4 ,,sw3 is ,tan/aafl ,t[]s4 ,please claim an ap>tm5t444 no sleep+ 9 public6 ,,se3 ! ,public ,libr>y (f]s bo? in=mation & ent]ta9m5t4 ,,nw3 is ! ,homeless ,%elt]1 =m]ly ! ,t[n ,jail4 ,,ne3 is ,t[n ,hall1 site ( sev]al important s]vices1 includ+3 ,public ,message ,bo>d1 ,bureau ( ,l& ,managem5t 7) maps & regulations71 & o!r gov]nm5tal_/ bureaucratic help4 ,d[n3 ,bel[ a sign m>k$ ) bo? r$ & blue l>ge lett] ',u's1 a /aircase leads into an und]gr\nd subway passage4 7,feel free to 'look' 9 any direction = m in=mation47 ,obvi\s exits3 laun*1 d1 nw1 se1 w1 e1 n1 s1 ne1 sw ,cont5ts3 ,in/ructions = newcom]s ,directional signpo/ ,f\nd]s' /atue ,to see ,in/ructions = newcom]s1 type look ,in/ructions = newcom]s & hit ent]4 ,y c\ld d ! same = ,directional signpo/ & ,f\nd]s' /atue4 ,!n type ,,sw & ent] to get to ,tan/aafl ,t[]s1 ! city h\s+ complex1 :]e y h to claim an ap>tm5t 7y may h to look ar\nd2 _m w already7 be occupi$4 ,& n[ x's (f to explore ,holo6 ,"o comm& y'll want to keep 9 m9d is take4 ,p]iodically1 y'll come across items t1 :5 y take !m w conf] c]ta9 abilities or p[]s on y4 ,if y type help & ent]1 y'll get a li/ ( files y c read to le>n m ab\t ! ,,mud's comm&s4 ,! say comm& lets y talk to o!r play]s publicly4 ,= example1 say ,hey1 ,i'm "h6 w\ld be broadca/ to ev]ybody else 9 ! room ) y4 ,if y want to talk to j "o p>ticul> p]son1 use :isp] in/ead ( say4 :isp] agora,hey1 ,i'm "h6 w\ld be he>d only by agora4 ,ano!r way to communicate ) somebody reg>dless ( :]e on ! _w !y are is ?r\gh y\r pag]4 ,if y sudd5ly see y\rs g (f :ile visit+1 *ances are x's a wiz>d *eck+ to see if y ne$ any help4 ,to read 8 message1 type page ,to s5d him a message1 type page "nmessage :]e "n is ! wiz>d's "n 7x'll be 9 ! orig9al message74 ,o!r ,m,u,ds & ,m,u,c,ks may h diff]5t comm&s1 b g5]ally use ! same basic idea ( lett+ y navigate ?r\gh relatively simple ,engli% comm&s4 ,:5 y connect to a ,,mud1 *oose y\r password z c>efully z y w\ld "o = y\r ho/ sy/em2 alas1 !re are ,,mud crack]s :o enjoy try+ to break into o!r p's ,,mud acc\nts4 ,& nev]1 nev] use ! same password z ! "o y use on y\r ho/ sy/em6 ,m,u,ds c prove highly addict+4 ,! jury is /ill out on :e!r ,m,u,dding is 'j a game' or 'an ext5sion ( real life ) gamelike qualities'1 says ,j5nif] ,smi?1 an active ,,mud play] :o wrote an ,,faq on ! subject4 ,%e adds "o caution3 ,y %\ldn't d any?+ t y w\ldn't d 9 real life1 ev5 if ! _w is a fantasy _w4 ,! important ?+ to rememb] is t x's ! fantasy _w ( possibly hundr$s ( p1 & n j y\rs 9 p>ticul>4 ,!re's a human be+ on ! o!r side ( ea* & e wire6 ,always rememb] t y may meet ^! o!r p "s day1 & !y may break y\r nose4 ,p :o treat o!rs badly gradually build up bad reputations & ev5tually receive ! ,,no ,,fun ,/amp ( ,disapproval4 #aa4f ,,g1 ,,g1 ,,g 7,,& ,,*ess1 ,,too76 ,fancy a good game ( g or *ess8 ,y no long] h to head = ! ne>e/ p>k ) a bo>d 9 h&4 ,! ,int]net has a c\ple ( ma*9es t let y engage p f ar\nd ! _w 9 y\r favorite bo>d games4 ,or1 if y pref]1 y c wat* mat*es 9 progress4 ,to play g1 telnet hellsp>k4:>ton4up5n4edu #fifi log on z3 gue/ ,y'll f9d prompts to v>i\s onl9e help files to get y />t$4 ,= a *ess mat*1 telnet news4panix4com #ejjj log on z3 gue/ ,y'll f9d prompts = onl9e help files on ! sy/em1 :i* lets y *oose y\r skill level4 #aa4g ,,! ,,o!r ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,co9 ,all is n fun & games on ! ,net4 ,l any community1 ! ,net has its %>e ( obnoxi\s *>act]s :o seem to exi/ only to make y\r life mis]able 7y've already met "s ( !m 9 *apt] #d74 ,!re are p :o seem to sp5d a bit m "t on ! ,net ?an _m w\ld f9d heal?y4 ,x also has its crim9als4 ,clif=d ,/oll writes 9 ,! ,cuckoo's ,egg h[ he track$ a team ( ,g]man hack]s :o 7 break+ into ,u4,s4 comput]s & sell+ ! in=mation !y f\nd to ! ,soviets4 ,rob]t ,morris1 a ,cornell ,univ]sity /ud5t1 0 convict$ ( unlea%+ a worm program t effectively disabl$ sev]al ?\s& comput]s connect$ to ! ,int]net4 ,( m imm$iate conc]n to ! av]age ,net us] are crack]s :o seek to f9d o!r's passwords to break into ,net sy/ems & p :o infect programs on ftp sites ) viruses4 ,!re is a widely available program kn[n z ,crack t c deciph] us] passwords compos$ ( words t might be f\nd 9 a diction>y 7?is is :y y %\ldn't use su* passwords74 ,%ort ( t1 !re are ! annoy+ types :o take a special ?rill 9 try+ to make y mis]able4 ,! be/ advice 9 deal+ ) !m is to c\nt to #aj & !n ignore !m -- l juv5iles ev]y:]e1 mo/ ( _! fun comes 9 see+ h[ upset y c get4 ,mean:ile1 two ,cornell ,univ]sity /ud5ts plead$ guilty 9 #aiib to upload+ virus-infect$ ,mac9to% programs to ftp sites4 ,if y plan to try out l>ge am\nts ( s(tw>e f ftp sites1 x might be wise to d[nload or buy a good anti-viral program4 ,b c law en=cem5t g too f> 9 seek+ out ! crim9als8 ,! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation 0 f\nd$ 9 l>ge "p 9 response to a s]ies ( gov]nm5t raids aga9/ an alleg$ gang ( hack]s4 ,! raids result$ 9 ! ne> bankruptcy ( "o game company nev] alleg$ to h _h any?+ to d ) ! hack]s1 :5 ! gov]nm5t seiz$ its comput]s & refus$ to give !m back4 ,! case aga9/ ano!r alleg$ p>ticipant collaps$ 9 c\rt :5 8 attorney %[$ ! propriet>y & suppos$ly hack$ in=mation he pr9t$ 9 an electronic newslett] 0 actually available via an #hjj numb] = ab\t #ac -- f ! phone company f :i* t data 0 tak54 #aa4h ,,fyi ,y c f9d discussions ab\t ,,irc 9 ! alt4irc newsgr\p4 ,a ,discussion on ,comput] ,network ,conf]5c+1 by ,d>r5 ,re$ 7,may1 #aiib71 provides a !oretical backgr\nd on :y conf]5c+ sy/ems su* z ,,irc are a ,good ,?+4 ,x's available ?r\gh ftp at nic4ddn4mil 9 ! rfc directory z rfc#acbd4txt4 ,e ,friday1 ,scott ,goehr+ po/s a new li/ ( ,m,u,ds & relat$ games & _! telnet addresses 9 ! newsgr\p rec4games4mud4ann\nce4 ,!re are sev]al o!r mud newsgr\ps relat$ to specific types ( ,m,u,ds1 includ+ rec4games4mud4social1 rec4games4mud4adv5ture1 rec4games4mud4t9y1 rec4games4mud4diku & rec4games4mud4lp4 ,= a good ov]view ( ! impact on ! ,int]net ( ! ,morris ,worm1 read ,virus ,highlights ,ne$ = ,improv$ ,int]net ,managem5t1 by ! ,u4,s4 ,g5]al ,acc\nt+ ,(fice 7,june1 #aihi74 ,y c get a copy via ftp f c]t4sei4cmu4edu 9 ! pub_/virus-l_/docs directory4 ,x's li/$ z gaorpt4 ,clif=d ,/oll describes h[ ! ,int]net works & h[ he track$ a gr\p ( ,,kgb-paid ,g]man hack]s ?r\gh x1 9 ,! ,cuckoo's ,egg3 ,track+ a ,spy ?r\gh ! ,maze ( ,comput] ,espionage1 ,d\bl$ay 7#aihi74 ,*apt] #ab3 ,,education ,,& ,,! ,,net #ab4a ,,! ,,net ,,9 ,,! ,,classroom ,if y're a tea*]1 y've probably already begun to see ! pot5tial ! ,net has = use 9 ! class4 ,us5et1 ftp & telnet h trem5d\s educational pot5tial1 f keep+ up ) _w ev5ts to arrang+ int]national sci5ce exp]im5ts4 ,because ! ,net n[ rea*es s _m c\ntries & (t5 /ays onl9e ev5 :5 ! phones g d[n1 y & y\r /ud5ts c tune 9 to fir/-h& acc\nts dur+ int]national conflicts4 ,look at y\r sy/em's li/ ( ,us5et soc4culture gr\ps to see if !re is "o ab\t ! c\ntry or region y're int]e/$ 94 ,ev5 9 peacetime1 ^! newsgr\ps c be great places to f9d p f c\ntries y might be /udy+4 ,! bigge/ problem may be gett+ acc\nts = y\r /ud5ts1 if y're n lucky en\gh to live )9 ! local call+ area ( a ,free-,net sy/em4 ,_m colleges & univ]sities1 h[ev]1 are will+ to discuss provid+ acc\nts = second>y /ud5ts at little or no co/4 ,sev]al /ates1 includ+ ,cali=nia & ,texas1 h ,int]net- l9k$ networks = tea*]s & /ud5ts4 #ab4b ,,"s ,,specific ,,res\rces ,,= ,,/ud5ts ,,& ,,tea*]s ,9 addition1 !re are a numb] ( res\rces on ! ,int]net aim$ specifically at elem5t>y & second>y /ud5ts & tea*]s4 ,y c use ^! to set up sci5ce exp]im5ts ) classes 9 ano!r c\ntry1 le>n h[ to use comput]s 9 ! classroom or keep up ) ! late/ advances 9 tea*+ ev]y?+ f physics to physical education4 ,among !m3 ,ask,e,r,i,c ,run by ! ,educational ,res\rce & ,in=mation ,c5t]1 ,ask,e,r,i,c provides a way = educators1 libr>ians & o!rs int]e/$ 9 ,k-#ab education to get m in=mation ab\t virtually ev]y?+4 ,! c5t] ma9ta9s an e-mail address 7ask]icericir4syr4edu7 = que/ions & promises answ]s )9 #dh h\rs4 ,x also ma9ta9s a goph] site t conta9s dige/s ( que/ions & answ]s1 lesson plans 9 a v>iety ( fields & o!r educationally relat$ in=mation4 ,! goph] address is ericir4syr4edu4 ,heal?-,ed3 ,a mail+ li/ = heal? educators4 ,s5d a reque/ to heal?-ed-reque//jhmc4fidonet4org ,k#ab,net3 ,begun on ! ,fidonet hobbyi/ network1 ,k#ab,net is n[ also c>ri$ on _m ,us5et sy/ems & provides a ho/ ( int]e/+ & valuable s]vices4 ,^! include int]national *at = /ud5ts1 =eign-language discussions 7= example1 !re are ,fr5* & ,g]man- only conf]5ce :]e ,am]ican /ud5ts c practice ^? languages ) /ud5ts f ,quebec & ,g]man74 ,!re are also conf]5ces aim$ at tea*]s ( specific subjects1 f physical education to physics4 ,! ,k#ab network /ill has limit$ di/ribution1 s ask y\r sy/em adm9i/rator if y\r sy/em c>ries x4 ,kidsph]e3 ,kidsph]e is a mail+ li/ = elem5t>y & second>y tea*]s1 :o use x to arrange jo9t projects & discuss educational telecommunications4 ,y w f9d news ( new s(tw>e1 li/s ( sites f :i* y c get comput]-graphics pictures f v>i\s ,,nasa satellites & probes & o!r news ( int]e/ to modem-us+ tea*]s4 ,to subscribe1 s5d a reque/ by e-mail to kidsph]e- reque/vms4cis4pitt4edu or jo9kidsvms4cis4pitt4edu & y w />t receiv+ messages )9 a c\ple ( days4 ,to contribute to ! discussion1 s5d messages to kidsph]evms4cis4pitt4edu4 ,,kids is a sp9-(f ( ,,kidsph]e j = /ud5ts :o want to contact /ud5ts4 ,to subscribe1 s5d a reque/ to jo9kidsvms4cis4pitt4edu1 z above4 ,to contribute1 s5d messages to kidsvms4ci/4pitt4edu4 ,knoxville ,us+ ! newspap] 9 ! electronic classroom4 ,?is ,news- goph] site lets /ud5ts & tea*]s connect to ,s5t9el ! newspap]1 & provides res\rces = !m d]iv$ ,onl9e f ! newsroom4 ,use goph] to connect to goph]4opup4org ,micro,m,u,s,e ,?is is an onl9e1 futuri/ic city1 built entirely by p>ticipants 7see *apt] #aa = in=mation on ,m,u,s,es & ,m,u,ds 9 g5]al74 ,hundr$s ( /ud5ts f all ov] h p>ticipat$ 9 ?is educational ex]cise1 coord9at$ by ,,mit4 ,telnet to mi*ael4ai4mit4edu4 ,log on z gue/ & !n foll[ ! prompts = m in=mation4 ,,nasa ,spacel9k3 ,?is sy/em1 run by ,,nasa 9 ,huntsville1 ,ala41 provides all sorts ( reports & data ab\t ,,nasa1 its hi/ory & its v>i\s missions1 pa/ & pres5t4 ,telnet spacel9k4msfc4nasa4gov or #abh4aeh4ac4bej4 ,:5 y connect1 y'll be giv5 an ov]view ( ! sy/em & ask$ to regi/]4 ,! sy/em ma9ta9s a l>ge file libr>y ( ,,gif-=mat space graphics1 b note t y c't d[nload ^! ?r\gh telnet4 ,if y want to1 y h to dial ! sy/em directly1 at 7#bje7 #hie- #jjbh4 ,_m c be obta9$ ?r\gh ftp f ames4arc4nasa4gov1 h[ev]4 ,newton3 ,run by ! ,argonne ,national ,laboratory1 x (f]s conf]5ces = tea*]s & /ud5ts1 includ+ "o call$ ,ask a ,sci5ti/4 ,telnet3 newton4dep4anl4gov4 ,log 9 z3 cocotext ,y'll be ask$ to provide y\r "n & address4 ,:5 y get ! ma9 m5u1 hit #d = ! v>i\s conf]5ces4 ,! ,ask a ,sci5ti/ category lets y ask que/ions ( sci5ti/s 9 fields f biology to e>? sci5ce4 ,o!r categories let y discuss tea*+1 sports & comput] networks4 ,,o]i3 ,! ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,education's ,(fice ( ,educational ,res\rces & ,improvem5t runs a goph] sy/em t provides num]\s educational res\rces1 in=mation & /ati/ics = tea*]s4 ,use goph] to connect to goph]4ed4gov4 ,spacemet ,=um3 ,if y\r sy/em doesn't c>ry ! ,k#ab conf]5ces1 b does provide y ) telnet1 y c rea* ! conf]5ces ?r\gh ,space,met ,=um1 a bullet9-bo>d sy/em aim$ at tea*]s & /ud5ts t is run by ! physics & a/ronomy dep>tm5t at ! ,univ]sity ( ,massa*usetts at ,amh]/4 ,telnet3 spacemet4pha/4umass4edu4 ,:5 y connect1 hit escape once1 aft] :i* y'll be ask$ to log on4 ,l ,k#ab,net1 ,space,met ,=um began z a ,fidonet sy/em1 b has s9ce gr[n mu* l>g]4 ,mort & ,hel5 ,/]nheim1 pr(essors at ! univ]sity1 />t$ ,space,met z a "o-l9e bullet9-bo>d sy/em sev]al ye>s ago to help bol/] middle-s*ool sci5ce education 9 ne>by t[ns4 ,9 addition to ! ,k#ab conf]5ces1 ,space,met c>ries num]\s educationally ori5t$ conf]5ces4 ,x also has a l>ge file libr>y ( int]e/ to educators & /ud5ts1 b be aw>e t gett+ files to y\r site c\ld be difficult & maybe ev5 impossible4 ,unlike mo/ o!r ,int]net sites1 ,spacemet does n use an ftp int]face4 ,! ,/]nheims say ,,zmodem sometimes works ov] ! network1 b don't c\nt on x4 #ab4c ,,us5et ,,& ,,bitnet ,,9 ,,! ,,classroom ,!re are num]\s ,us5et newsgr\ps ( pot5tial int]e/ to tea*]s & /ud5ts4 ,z y might expect1 _m are ( a sci5tific b5t4 ,y c f9d ^! by typ+ l sci4 9 rn or us+ nngrep sci4 = nn4 ,!re are n[ close to #dj1 ) subjects rang+ f ar*aeology to economics 7! dismal sci5ce1 rememb]87 to a/ronomy to nanote*nology 7! con/ruction ( microscopically small ma*9es74 ,"o ?+ /ud5ts w quickly le>n f _m ( ^! gr\ps3 sci5ce is n j dull1 bor+ facts4 ,sci5ce is argum5t & /&+ y\r gr\nd & mak+ y\r case4 ,! ,us5et sci4 gr\ps enc\rage critical ?9k+4 ,beyond sci5ce1 social-/udies & hi/ory classes c keep busy le>n+ ab\t o!r c\ntries1 ?r\gh ! soc4culture newsgr\ps4 ,mo/ ( ^! newsgr\ps orig9at$ z ways = expatriates ( a giv5 c\ntry to keep 9 t\* ) _! homel& & its culture4 ,9 times ( crisis1 h[ev]1 ^! gr\ps (t5 become places to dissem9ate in=mation f or into ! c\ntry & to discuss :at is happ5+4 ,f ,afghani/an to ,yugoslavia1 close to #ej c\ntries are n[ repres5t$ on ,us5et4 ,to see :i* gr\ps are available1 use l soc4culture4 9 rn or nngrep soc4culture4 = nn4 ,sev]al talk newsgr\ps provide additional topical discussions1 b tea*]s %\ld scre5 !m fir/ be=e recomm5d+ !m to /ud5ts4 ,!y range f talk4abortion & talk4politics4guns to talk4politics4space & talk4environm5t4 ,"o caveat3 ,tea*]s might want to p]use p>ticul> newsgr\ps be=e sett+ _! /ud5ts loose 9 !m4 ,"s h high] levels ( flam+ & bla!r ?an o!rs4 ,!re are also a numb] ( ,bitnet discussion gr\ps ( pot5tial int]e/ to /ud5ts & tea*]s4 ,see ,*apt] #e = in=mation on f9d+ & subscrib+ to ,bitnet discussion gr\ps4 ,"s ) an educational ori5tation include3 biopi-l ksuvm4bitnet ,second>y biology education *em$-l uwf4bitnet ,*emi/ry education dts-l iubvm4bitnet ,! ,dead ,tea*]'s ,society li/ phys-l uwf4bitnet ,discussions = physics tea*]s phy%>e psuvm4bitnet ,:]e physics tea*]s %>e res\rces scima?-l psuvm4bitnet ,sci5ce & ma? education ,to get a li/ ( ftp sites t c>ry a/ronomical images 9 ! ,,gif graphics =mat1 use ftp to connect to nic4funet4fi4 ,swit* to ! _/pub_/a/ro_/g5]al directory & get ! file a/r(tp4txt4 ,among ! sites li/$ is ames4arc4nasa4gov1 :i* c>ries images tak5 by ! ,voyag] & ,galileo probes1 among o!r pictures4 ,,*apt] #ac3 ,bus9ess on ! ,net #ac4a ,,sett+ ,,up ,,%op ,back 9 old5 days1 oh1 be=e #aiij or s1 !re 7 no m>kets 9 ! virtual community -- if y want$ to buy a book1 y /ill _h to jump 9 y\r c> & drive to ! ne>e/ book/ore4 ,?is 0 because 9 ^? days1 ! ,net consi/$ ma9ly ( a s]ies ( gov]nm5t-fund$ networks on :i* explicit comm]cial activity 0 =bidd54 ,today1 mu* ( ! ,net is run by private companies1 :i* g5]ally h no su* re/rictions1 & a numb] ( companies h begun exp]im5t+ ) onl9e %ops or o!r s]vices4 ,_m ( ^! %ops are run by booksell]s1 :ile ! s]vices range f deliv]y ( index$ copies ( f$]al docum5ts to an onl9e news/& t hopes to entice y to subscribe to any ( sev]al publications 7( ! pr9t$ on pap] v>iety74 ,a numb] ( companies also use ,us5et newsgr\ps 79 ! biz hi]>*y7 to di/ribute press releases & product in=mation4 ,/ill1 comm]cial activity on ! rema9s f> bel[ t f\nd on o!r networks1 su* z ,compu,serve1 ) its ,electronic ,mall1 or ,prodigy1 ) its adv]tisem5ts on almo/ e scre54 ,9 "p t's because ( ! newness & complexity ( ! ,int]net z a comm]cial m$ium4 ,9 "p1 h[ev]1 t is because ( security conc]ns4 ,companies worry ab\t su* issues z crack]s gett+ into _! sy/em ov] ! network1 & _m p d n l ! idea ( s5d+ a cr$it-c>d numb] via ! ,int]net 7an e-mail message c\ld be r\t$ ?r\gh sev]al sites to get to its de/9ation74 ,^! conc]ns c\ld disappe> z ,net us]s turn to su* means z message encryption & digital signatures4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 bus9esses on ! ,net c /ill consid] !mselves some?+ ( ,int]net pione]s4 ,a c\ple ( public-access sites & a regional network h set up m>ketplaces = onl9e bus9esses4 ,! ,_w 9 ,brookl9e1 ,mass41 curr5tly r5ts space to sev]al book/ores & comput]-programm+ firms1 z well z an adult toy %op4 ,to br[se _! (f]+s1 use goph] to connect to _w4/d4com ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select ,%ops on ! ,_w4 ,ms5 9 ,ann ,arbor provides its ,ms5 ,m>ketplace1 :]e y'll f9d a travel ag5cy & an ,onl9e ,c>e] ,c5t] (f]+ help-want$ ads f across ! c\ntry4 ,ms5 also provides an ,int]net ,bus9ess ,pages1 an onl9e directory ( companies seek+ to rea* ! ,int]net community4 ,y c rea* ,ms5 ?r\gh goph] at goph]4ms54com ,at ! ma9 m5u1 select ,ms5 ,m>ketplace4 ,! ,nova ,scotia ,te*nology ,network runs a ,cyb]m>ket on its goph] s]vice at n/n4ns4ca ,!re1 y'll f9d an onl9e book/ore t lets y ord] books ?r\gh e-mail 7to :i* y'll h to tru/ y\r cr$it-c>d numb]7 & a simil> virtual record /ore4'' ,bo? let y se>* _! w>es by keyword or by br[s+ ?r\gh catalogs4 ,o!r onl9e bus9esses include3 ,any,ware ,associates ,?is ,bo/on company runs an ,int]net-to-fax gateway t lets y s5d fax message any:]e 9 ! _w via ! ,int]net 7= a fee1 ( c\rse74 ,= m in=mation1 write salesawa4com ,book/acks ,unlimit$ ,?is ,clevel& book/ore (f]s a keyword- se>*able database ( ?\s&s ( books = sale4 ,telnet3 books4com ,c\nt]po9t ,publi%+ ,bas$ 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ?is company's ma9 ,int]net product is index$ v]sions ( f$]al j\rnals1 includ+ ! ,f$]al ,regi/] 7a daily comp5dium ( gov]nm5t contracts1 propos$ regulations & ! l74 ,int]net us]s c br[se ?r\gh rec5t copies1 b complete access w run sev]al ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,use goph] to connect to enews4com & select ,c\nt]po9t ,publi%+ ,dialog ,! national database company c be rea*$ ?r\gh telnet at dialog4com ,to log on1 h[ev]1 y w h fir/ _h to set up a ,dialog acc\nt4 ,d[ ,jones ,news ,a wire s]vice run by ! in=mation company ,retrieval t owns ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal4 ,available via telnet at djnr4d[jones4com ,z ) ,dialog1 y ne$ an acc\nt to log on4 ,inf9ity ,l9k ,br[se book1 music1 s(tw>e1 video-cassette & las]-disk catalogs ?r\gh ?is sy/em bas$ 9 ,malv]n1 ,p5n4 ,use goph] to connect to columbia4ilc4com ,log on z3 cas ,! ,int]net ,company ,sort ( a s]vice bureau1 ?is company1 bas$ 9 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 is work+ ) sev]al publi%]s on ,int]net-relat$ products4 ,its ,electronic ,news/& (f]s snippets & special subscription rates to a numb] ( national magaz9es1 f ! ,new ,republic to ! ,new ,york]4 ,use goph] to connect to enews4com ,market,base ,y c try ! classifi$-ads sy/em develop$ by ?is company 9 ,santa ,b>b>a1 ,calif41 by goph] to connect to mb4com ,o',reilly & ,associates ,be/ kn[n = its ,nut%ell books on ,unix1 ,o',reilly runs ?ree ,int]net s]vices4 ,! goph] s]v]1 at ora4com provides in=mation ab\t ! company & its books4 ,x po/s simil> in=mation 9 ! biz4oreilly4ann\nce ,us5et newsgr\p4 ,its ,global ,network ,navigator1 accessible ?r\gh ! ,_w-,wide ,web1 is a sort ( onl9e magaz9e t lets us]s br[se ?r\gh int]e/+ s]vices & catalogs4 #ac4b ,,fyi ,! com-priv mail+ li/ is ! place to discuss issues surr\nd+ ! comm]cialization & ! privatization ( ! ,int]net4 ,to subscribe 7or un-subscribe71 s5d an e-mail reque/ to com-priv- reque/psi4com4 ,m>y ,cron9's book1 ,do+ ,bus9ess on ! ,int]net 7#aiid1 ,van ,no/r& ,re9hold71 takes a m 9-dep? look at ! subject4 ,k5t ,/ate ,univ]sity 9 ,ohio ma9ta9s a repository ( ,bus9ess ,s\rces on ! ,net4 ,use goph] to connect to refmac4k5t4edu4 ,*apt] #ad3 ,,conclusion -- ,,! ,,end8 ,! revolution is j beg9n+4 ,new communications sy/ems & digital te*nologies h already meant dramatic *anges 9 ! way we live4 ,?9k ( :at is already r\t9e t w\ld h be5 consid]$ impossible j t5 ye>s ago4 ,y c br[se ?r\gh ! hold+s ( y\r local libr>y -- or ( libr>ies halfway ar\nd ! _w -- d y\r bank+ & see if y\r neighbor has gone bankrupt1 all ?r\gh a comput] & modem4 ,implod+ co/s c\pl$ ) explod+ p[] are br++ ev] m p[]ful comput] & digital sy/ems to ev] gr[+ numb]s ( p4 ,! ,net1 ) its rapidly exp&+ collection ( databases & o!r in=mation s\rces1 is no long] limit$ to ! indu/rializ$ nations ( ! ,we/2 today ! web ext5ds f ,sib]ia to ,zimbabwe4 ,! co/ ( comput]s & modems us$ to plug into ! ,net1 mean:ile1 cont9ue to plummet1 mak+ !m ev] m af=dable4 ,cyb]space has become a vital "p ( millions ( p's daily lives4 ,p =m relation%ips onl9e1 !y fall 9 love1 !y get m>ri$1 all because ( initial contacts 9 cyb]space1 t ephem]al place'' t transc5ds national & /ate b\nd>ies4 ,bus9ess deals are transact$ entirely 9 ,,ascii4 ,political & social movem5ts beg9 onl9e1 coord9at$ by p :o c\ld be ?\s&s ( miles ap>t4 ,yet ?is is only ! beg9n+4 ,we live 9 an age ( communication1 yet ! v>i\s m$ia we use to talk to "o ano!r rema9 l>gely sep>ate sy/ems4 ,"o day1 h[ev]1 y\r telephone1 ,,tv1 fax ma*9e & p]sonal comput] w be replac$ by a s+le in=mation processor'' l9k$ to ! worldwide ,net by /r&s ( optical fib]4 ,beyond databases & file libr>ies1 p[] w be at y\r f+]tips4 ,l9k$ to ?\s&s1 ev5 millions ( l-m9d$ p1 y'll be able to p>ticipate 9 social & political movem5ts across ! c\ntry & ar\nd ! _w4 ,h[ does ?is happ58 ,9 "p1 x w come ab\t ?r\gh new te*nologies4 ,high-def9ition television w require ! developm5t ( inexp5sive comput]s t c process z mu* in=mation z today's work/ations4 ,telephone & cable companies w coop]ate1 or 9 "s cases compete1 to br+ ^? fib]-optic cables into y\r home4 ,! ,cl9ton adm9i/ration1 arguably ! fir/ l$ by p :o "k h[ to use n only comput] networks b comput]s1 is pu%+ = creation ( a s]ies ( in=mation sup]highways comp>able 9 scope to ! ,int]/ate highway sy/em ( ! #aiejs 7"o ( ^: *ampions 9 ! ,s5ate has a son elect$ vice presid5t 9 #aiib74 ,"r n[1 we are 9 ! network equival5t ( ! e>ly #aiejs1 j be=e ! creation ( t massive highway network4 ,sure1 !re are pl5ty ( int]e/+ ?+s out !re1 b y h to me&] along two-lane roads1 & h a good map1 to get to !m4 ,creation ( ?is new ,net w require m ?an j high-spe$ *annels & r\t+ equipm5t2 x w require a new communications p>adigm3 ! ,net z in=mation utility4 ,! ,net rema9s a some:at complicat$ & my/]i\s place4 ,to get some?+ out ( ! ,net today1 y h to sp5d a fair am\nt ( "t ) a ,net vet]an or a manual l ?is4 ,y h to le>n su* arcana z ! vag>ies ( ! ,unix cd comm&4 ,contra/ ?is ) ! telephone1 :i* n[ also provides access to l>ge am\nts ( in=mation ?r\gh pu% buttons1 or a comput] network su* z ,prodigy1 :i* "o navigates ?r\gh simple comm&s & m\se clicks4 ,int]net sy/em adm9i/rators h begun to realize t n all p want to le>n ! intricacies ( ,unix1 & t t fact does n make !m bad p4 ,we are already see+ ! developm5t ( simple int]faces t w put ! ,net's p[] to use by millions ( p4 ,y c already see _! influ5ce 9 ! m5us ( goph]s & ! ,_w-,wide ,web1 :i* require no complex comput+ skills b :i* op5 ! gates to ?\s&s ( in=mation res\rces4 ,mail programs & text editors su* z pico & p9e promise mu* ( ! p[] ( old] programs su* z emacs at a fraction ( ! complexity4 ,"s s(tw>e eng9e]s are tak+ ?is ev5 fur!r1 by creat+ graphical int]faces t w let somebody navigate ! ,int]net j by click+ on ! scre5 ) a m\se or by call+ up an easy text editor1 sort ( ! way "o c n[ navigate a ,mac9to% comput] -- or a comm]cial onl9e s]vice su* z ,prodigy4 ,!n !re are ! ,int]net s]vices !mselves4 ,= e database n[ available ?r\gh ! ,int]net1 !re are probably ?ree or f\r t are n4 ,gov]nm5t ag5cies are only n[ beg9n+ to connect _! /oreh\ses ( in=mation to ! ,net4 ,sev]al comm]cial v5dors1 f database s]vices to booksell]s1 h made _! s]vices available ?r\gh ! ,net4 ,few p n[ use "o ( ! ,net's m int]e/+ applications4 ,a /&>d kn[n z ,,mime lets "o s5d audio & graphics files 9 a message4 ,imag9e op5+ y\r e-mail "o day to he> y\r gr&daught]'s fir/ words1 or a photo ( y\r fri5d's new h\se4 ,ev5tually1 ?is /&>d c\ld all[ = di/ribution ( ev5 small video displays ov] ! ,net4 ,all ( ?is w require va/ new am\nts ( ,net p[]1 to h&le bo? ! millions ( new p :o w jump onto ! ,net & ! new applications !y want4 ,replicat+ a mov+ image on a comput] scre5 alone takes a ph5om5al am\nt ( comput] bits1 & comput+ p[] to arrange !m4 ,all ( ?is comb9es into a ,national ,in=mation ,infra/ructure able to move billions ( bits ( in=mation 9 "o second -- ! k9d ( p[] ne$$ to hook in=mation hoses into e bus9ess & h\se4 ,z ^! sup]highways gr[1 s w ! on ramps1 = a high- spe$ road does y little good if y c't get to x4 ,! co/s ( modems seem to fall z fa/ z ^? ( comput]s4 ,high-spe$ modems 7#ifjj baud & up7 are becom+ increas+ly af=dable4 ,at #ifjj baud1 y c d[nload a satellite wea!r image ( ,nor? ,am]ica 9 less ?an two m9utes1 a file t1 ) a sl[] modem c\ld take up to #bj m9utes to d[nload4 ,ev5tually1 homes c\ld be connect$ directly to a national digital network4 ,mo/ long-di/ance phone traffic is already c>ri$ 9 digital =m1 ?r\gh high-volume optical fib]s4 ,phone companies are ev] s sl[ly work+ to ext5d ^! fib]s ! f9al mile to ! home4 ,! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation is work+ to ensure ^! l9ks are af=dable4 ,beyond ! te*nical que/ions are increas+ly ?orny social1 political & economic issues4 ,:o is to h access to ^! s]vices1 & at :at co/8 ,if we live 9 an in=mation age1 are we lay+ ! se$s = a new in=mation "u class1 unable to compete ) ^? =tunate en\gh to h ! money & skills ne$$ to manipulate new communications *annels8 ,:o1 9 fact1 decides :o has access to :at8 ,z m companies realize ! pot5tial pr(its to be made 9 ! new in=mation infra/ructure1 :at happ5s to su* sy/ems z ,us5et1 possibly ! _w's fir/ successful an>*i/ic sy/em1 :]e ev]ybody c say :atev] !y want8 ,:at are ! laws ( ! electronic fronti]8 ,:5 national & /ate b\nd>ies lose _! mean+ 9 cyb]space1 ! "q might ev5 be3 ,,:o is ! law8 ,:at if a practice t is legal 9 "o c\ntry is committ$ 9 ano!r c\ntry :]e x is illegal1 ov] a comput] network t crosses ?r\gh a ?ird c\ntry8 ,:o goes aft] comput] crack]s8 ,:at role w y play 9 ! revolution8 ,app5dix ,a3 ,,! ,,l+o ,l any community1 ! ,net has develop$ its own language4 ,:at foll[s is a gloss>y ( "s ( ! m common phrases y'll likely run into4 ,b x's only a small subset ( net4speak4 ,y an f9d a m complete li/+ 9 ,! ,new ,hack]'s ,diction>y1 compil$ by ,eric ,raymond 7,,mit ,press74 ,raymond's "w is bas$ on an onl9e ref]5ce kn[n z ,! ,j>gon ,file1 :i* y c get ?r\gh anonym\s ftp f ftp4gnu4mit4ai4mit z j>g#cjj4txt4gz 9 ! pub_/gnu directory 7see *apt] #g = in=mation on h[ to un-compress a 4gz file74 ,,ascii ,has two mean+s4 ,,ascii is a univ]sal comput] code = ,engli% lett]s & *>act]s4 ,comput]s /ore all in=mation z b9>y numb]s4 ,9 ,,ascii1 ! lett] ,a is /or$ z #jajjjjja1 :e!r ! comput] is made by ,,ibm1 ,apple or ,commodore4 ,,ascii also ref]s to a me?od1 or protocol1 = copy+ files f "o comput] to ano!r ov] a network1 9 :i* nei!r comput] *ecks = any errors t might h be5 caus$ by /atic or o!r problems4 ,,ansi ,comput]s use sev]al diff]5t me?ods = decid+ h[ to put in=mation on y\r scre5 & h[ y\r keybo>d int]acts ) ! scre54 ,,ansi is "o ( ^! t]m9al emulation me?ods4 ,al?\gh mo/ popul> on ,,pc-bas$ bullet9-bo>d sy/ems1 x c also be f\nd on "s ,net sites4 ,to use x prop]ly1 y w fir/ h to turn x on1 or enable x1 9 y\r communications s(tw>e4 ,a,r,p,a,net ,a pr$ecessor ( ! ,int]net4 ,/>t$ 9 #aifi ) funds f ! ,def5se ,dep>tm5t's ,advanc$ ,projects ,rese>* ,ag5cy4 backbone ,a high-spe$ network t connects sev]al p[]ful comput]s4 ,9 ! ,u4,s41 ! backbone ( ! ,int]net is (t5 consid]$ ! ,n,s,f,net1 a gov]nm5t fund$ l9k betwe5 a h&ful ( sup]comput] sites across ! c\ntry4 ,baud ,! spe$ at :i* modems transf] data4 ,"o baud is r\ghly equal to "o bit p] second4 ,x takes eight bits to make up "o lett] or "*4 ,modems r>ely transf] data at exactly ! same spe$ z _! li/$ baud rate because ( /atic or comput] problems4 ,m exp5sive modems use sy/ems1 su* z ,microcom ,network ,protocol 7,,mnp71 :i* c correct = ^! errors or :i* compress data to spe$ up transmission4 ,b,i,t,net ,ano!r1 academically ori5t$1 int]national comput] network1 :i* uses a diff]5t set ( comput] in/ructions to move data4 ,x is easily accessible to ,int]net us]s ?r\gh e-mail1 & provides a l>ge numb] ( conf]5ces & databases4 ,its "n comes f ,because ,x's ,"t4 ,b\nce ,:at y\r e-mail does :5 x _c get to its recipi5t -- x b\nces back to y -- unless x goes (f into ! e!r1 nev] to be f\nd aga94 ,comm& l9e ,on ,unix ho/ sy/ems1 ?is is :]e y tell ! ma*9e :at y want x to d1 by ent]+ comm&s4 ,communications ,a program t tells a modem h[ to "w4 s(tw>e ,daemon ,an o!rwise h>mless ,unix program t normally works out ( sight ( ! us]4 ,on ! ,int]net1 y'll mo/ likely enc\nt] x only :5 y\r e-mail is n deliv]$ to y\r recipi5t -- y'll get back y\r orig9al message plus an ugly message f a mail] daemon4 ,di/ribution ,a way to limit :]e y\r ,us5et po/+s g4 ,h&y = su* ?+s z = sale messages or discussions ( regional politics4 ,doma9 ,! la/ "p ( an ,int]net address1 su* z news4com4 ,dot ,:5 y want to impress ! net vet]ans y meet at p>ties1 say dot in/ead ( p]iod1 = example3 ,my address is john at site dot doma9 dot com4 ,dot file ,a file on a ,unix public-access sy/em t alt]s ! way y or y\r messages int]act ) t sy/em4 ,= example1 y\r 4log9 file conta9s v>i\s p>amet]s = su* ?+s z ! text editor y get :5 y s5d a message4 ,:5 y d an ls comm&1 ^! files d n appe> 9 ! directory li/+2 d ls -a to li/ !m4 ,d[n ,:5 a public-access site runs into te*nical tr\ble1 & y c no long] ga9 access to x1 x's d[n4 ,d[nload ,copy a file f a ho/ sy/em to y\r comput]4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t me?ods1 or protocols1 = d[nload+ files1 mo/ ( :i* p]iodically *eck ! file z x is be+ copi$ to ensure no in=mation is inadv]t5tly de/roy$ or damag$ dur+ ! process4 ,"s1 su* z ,,xmodem1 only let y d[nload "o file at a "t4 ,o!rs1 su* z bat*-,,ymodem & ,,zmodem1 let y type 9 ! names ( sev]al files at once1 :i* are !n automatically d[nload$4 ,,emacs ,a /&>d ,unix text editor pref]r$ by ,unix types t beg9n]s t5d to hate4 ,e-mail ,electronic mail -- a way to s5d a private message to somebody else on ! ,net4 ,us$ z bo? n\n & v]b4 ,emoticon ,see smiley4 ,f#b;,f ,face to ,face4 ,:5 y actually meet ^? p y be5 correspond+ )_/flam+4 ,,faq ,frequ5tly ,ask$ ,que/ions4 ,a compilation ( answ]s to ^!4 ,_m ,us5et newsgr\ps h ^! files1 :i* are po/$ once a mon? or s = beg9n]s4 ,film at #aa ,"o reaction to an ov]wr\ght argum5t3 ,imm95t dea? ( ! ,net pr$ict$4 ,film at #aa4 ,f+] ,an ,int]net program t lets y get "s bit ( in=mation ab\t ano!r us]1 provid$ !y h fir/ creat$ a 4plan file4 ,flame ,onl9e yell+ &_/or rant+ direct$ at somebody else4 ,(t5 results 9 flame w>s1 :i* occasionally turn into holy w>s 7see74 ,foll[up ,a ,us5et po/+ t is a response to an e>li] message4 ,foo_/foob> ,a sort ( onl9e algebraic place hold]1 = example3 ,if y want to "k :5 ano!r site is run by a =- pr(it company1 look = an address 9 ! =m ( foofoob>4com4 ,=tune cookie ,an inane_/witty_/pr(und comm5t t c be f\nd ar\nd ! net4 ,freew>e ,s(tw>e t doesn't co/ any?+4 ,,ftp ,file-transf] ,protocol4 ,a sy/em = transf]r+ files across ! ,net4 ,get a life ,:at to say to somebody :o has1 p]haps1 be5 sp5d+ a wee bit too mu* "t 9 front ( a comput]4 ,,gif ,graphic ,int]*ange ,=mat4 ,a =mat develop$ 9 ! mid-#aihjs by ,compu,serve = use 9 photo-quality graphics images4 ,n[ commonly us$ ev]y:]e onl9e4 ,,gnu ,gnu's ,n ,unix4 ,a project ( ! ,free ,s(tw>e ,f\ndation to write a free v]sion ( ! ,unix op]at+ sy/em4 ,hack] ,on ! ,net1 unlike among ! g5]al public1 ?is is n a bad p]son2 x is simply somebody :o enjoys /ret*+ h>dw>e & s(tw>e to _! limits1 see+ j :at !y c get _! comput]s to d4 ,:at _m p call hack]s1 net4d5iz5s ref] to z crack]s4 ,h&%ake ,two modems try+ to connect fir/ d ?is to agree on h[ to transf] data4 ,hang ,:5 a modem fails to hang up4 ,holy w> ,argum5ts t involve c]ta9 basic t5ets ( fai?1 ab\t :i* "o _c disagree )\t sett+ "o ( ^! (f4 ,= example3 ,,ibm ,p,cs are inh]5tly sup]ior to ,mac9to%es4 ,ho/ sy/em ,a public-access site2 provides ,net access to p outside ! rese>* & gov]nm5t community4 ,,imho ,9 ,my ,humble ,op9ion4 ,int]net ,a worldwide sy/em = l9k+ small] comput] networks toge!r4 ,networks connect$ ?r\gh ! ,int]net use a p>ticul> set ( communications /&>ds to communicate1 kn[n z ,,tcp_/,,ip4 ,killfile ,a file t lets y filt] ,us5et po/+s to "s ext5t1 by exclud+ messages on c]ta9 topics or f c]ta9 p4 ,log on_/log 9 ,connect to a ho/ sy/em or public-access site4 ,log (f ,disconnect f a ho/ sy/em4 ,lurk ,read messages 9 a ,us5et newsgr\p )\t ev] say+ any?+4 ,mail+ li/ ,ess5tially a conf]5ce 9 :i* messages are deliv]$ "r to y\r mailbox1 in/ead ( to a ,us5et newsgr\p4 ,y get on ^! by s5d+ a message to a specific e- mail address1 :i* is (t5 t ( a comput] t automates ! process4 ,,motss ,memb]s ( ! ,same ,sex4 ,gays & ,lesbians onl9e4 ,orig9ally an acronym us$ 9 ! #aihj f$]al c5sus4 ,net4god ,"o :o has be5 onl9e s9ce ! beg9n+1 :o kn[s all & :o has done x all4 ,net4p]sonality ,somebody suffici5tly op9ionat$_/flaky_/) pl5ty ( "t on 8 h&s to regul>ly po/ 9 doz5s ( diff]5t ,us5et newsgr\ps1 ^: pres5ce is kn[n to ?\s&s ( p4 ,net4police ,d]ogatory t]m = ^? :o w\ld impose _! /&>ds on o!r us]s ( ! ,net4 ,(t5 us$ 9 vigor\s flame w>s 79 :i* x occasionally mutates to net4nazis74 ,netiquette ,a set ( common-s5se guidel9es = n annoy+ o!rs4 ,network ,a communications sy/em t l9ks two or m comput]s4 ,x c be z simple z a cable /rung betwe5 two comput]s a few feet ap>t or z complex z hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( comput]s ar\nd ! _w l9k$ ?r\gh fib] optic cables1 phone l9es & satellites4 ,newbie ,somebody new to ! ,net4 ,sometimes us$ d]ogatorily by net4vet]ans :o h =gott5 t1 !y1 too1 7 once newbies :o did n innately "k ! answ] to ev]y?+4 ,clueless newbie is always d]ogatory4 ,newsgr\p ,a ,us5et conf]5ce4 ,,nic ,network ,in=mation ,c5t]4 ,z close z an ,int]net- /yle network gets to a hub2 x's usually :]e y'll f9d in=mation ab\t t p>ticul> network4 ,,nsa l9e eat] ,! m aw>e_/p>anoid ,net us]s believe t ! ,national ,security ,ag5cy has a sup]-p[]ful comput] assign$ to read+ ev]y?+ po/$ on ! ,net4 ,!y w jok+ly 787 ref] to ?is l9e eat] 9 _! po/+s4 ,goes back to ! e>ly days ( ! ,net :5 ! bottom l9es ( messages w\ld sometimes disappe> = no app>5t reason4 ,,nsf ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation4 ,funds ! ,n,s,f,net1 a high-spe$ network t once =m$ ! backbone ( ! ,int]net 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,(fl9e ,:5 y\r comput] is n connect$ to a ho/ sy/em or ! ,net1 y are (fl9e4 ,onl9e ,:5 y\r comput] is connect$ to an onl9e s]vice1 bullet9-bo>d sy/em or public-access site4 ,p+ ,a program t c trace ! r\te a message takes f y\r site to ano!r site4 4plan file ,a file t li/s any?+ y want o!rs on ! ,net to "k ab\t y4 ,y place x 9 y\r home directory on y\r public-access site4 ,!n1 anybody :o f+]s 7see7 y1 w get to see ?is file4 ,po/ ,to compose a message = a ,us5et newsgr\p & !n s5d x out = o!rs to see4 ,po/ma/] ,! p]son to contact at a p>ticul> site to ask = in=mation ab\t ! site or compla9 ab\t "o ( 8_/h] us]'s behavior4 ,protocol ,! me?od us$ to transf] a file betwe5 a ho/ sy/em & y\r comput]4 ,!re are sev]al types1 su* z ,k]mit1 ,,ymodem & ,,zmodem4 ,prompt ,:5 ! ho/ sy/em asks y to d some?+ & waits = y to respond4 ,= example1 if y see log93 x means type y\r us] "n4 ,,readme files ,files f\nd on ,,ftp sites t expla9 :at is 9 a giv5 ,,ftp directory or :i* provide o!r useful in=mation 7su* z h[ to use ,,ftp74 ,real ,soon ,n[ ,a vague t]m us$ to describe :5 some?+ w actually happ54 ,,rfc ,reque/ = ,comm5ts4 ,a s]ies ( docum5ts t describe v>i\s te*nical aspects ( ! ,int]net4 ,,rotfl ,roll+ on ! ,floor ,laugh+4 ,h[ to respond to a p>ticul>ly funny comm5t4 ,,rot#ac ,a simple way to encode bad jokes1 movie reviews t give away ! end+1 pornography1 etc4 ,ess5tially1 ea* lett] 9 a message is replace by ! lett] #ac spaces away f x 9 ! alphabet4 ,!re are onl9e decod]s to read ^!2 nn & rn h !m built 94 ,,rtfm ,read !1 uh1 y "k1 ,manual4 ,(t5 us$ 9 flames aga9/ p :o ask comput]-relat$ que/ions t c\ld be easily answ]$ ) a few m9utes ) a manual4 ,m politely3 ,,rtm4 ,scre5 capture ,a "p ( y\r communications s(tw>e t op5s a file on y\r comput] & saves to x :atev] scrolls pa/ on ! scre5 :ile connect$ to a ho/ sy/em4 ,s]v] ,a comput] t c di/ribute in=mation or files automatically 9 response to specifically word$ e-mail reque/s4 ,%>ew>e ,s(tw>e t is freely available on ! ,net4 ,if y l & use ! s(tw>e1 y %\ld s5d 9 ! fee reque/$ by ! au?or1 ^: "n & address w be f\nd 9 a file di/ribut$ ) ! s(tw>e4 4sig file ,sometimes1 4signature file4 ,a file t1 :5 plac$ 9 y\r home directory on y\r public-access site1 w automatically be app5d$ to e ,us5et po/+ y write4 4sig quote ,a pr(\nd_/witty_/quizzical_/:atev] quote t y include 9 y\r 4sig file4 ,signal-to-noise ,! am\nt ( useful in=mation to be f\nd 9 a giv5 ratio ,us5et newsgr\p4 ,(t5 us$ d]ogatorily1 = example3 ! signal-to-noise ratio 9 ?is newsgr\p is pretty l[4 ,,simtel#bj ,! ,:ite ,s&s ,missile ,range us$ to ma9ta9 a giant collection ( free & l[-co/ s(tw>e ( all k9ds1 :i* 0 mirror$ to num]\s o!r ftp sites on ! ,net4 ,9 ! fall ( #aiic1 ! ,air ,=ce decid$ x _h bett] ?+s to d ?an ma9ta9 a free s(tw>e libr>y & %ut x d[n4 ,b y'll /ill see ref]5ces to ! collection1 kn[n z ,,simtel#bj1 ar\nd ! ,net4 ,smiley ,a way to describe emotion onl9e4 ,look at ?is ) y\r head tilt$ to ! left 3-74 ,!re are scores ( ^! smileys1 f grumpy to quizzical4 ,snail mail ,mail t comes ?r\gh a slot 9 y\r front door or a box m\nt$ outside y\r h\se4 ,sysadm9 ,! sy/em adm9i/rator2 ! p]son :o runs a ho/ sy/em or public-access site4 ,sysop ,a sy/em op]ator4 ,somebody :o runs a bullet9-bo>d sy/em4 ,,tan/aafl ,!re ,a9't ,no ,su* ,?+ z a ,free ,lun*4 ,,tcp_/,,ip ,transmission ,control ,protocol_/,int]net ,protocol4 ,! p>ticul> sy/em = transf]r+ in=mation ov] a comput] network t is at ! he>t ( ! ,int]net4 ,telnet ,a program t lets y connect to o!r comput]s on ! ,int]net4 ,t]m9al ,!re are sev]al me?ods = det]m9+ h[ y\r emulation key/rokes & scre5 int]act ) a public-access site's op]at+ sy/em4 ,mo/ communications programs (f] a *oice ( emulations t let y mimic ! keybo>d t w\ld normally be atta*$ directly to ! ho/-sy/em comput]4 ,,uucp ,unix-to-,unix ,co,py4 ,a me?od = transf]r+ ,us5et po/+s & e-mail t requires f> few] net res\rces ?an ,,tcp_/,,ip1 b :i* c result 9 consid]ably sl[] transf] times4 ,upload ,copy a file f y\r comput] to a ho/ sy/em4 ,us] "n ,on mo/ ho/ sy/ems1 ! fir/ "t y connect y are ask$ to supply a "o-^w us] "n4 ,?is c be any comb9ation ( lett]s & numb]s4 ,,vt#ajj ,ano!r t]m9al-emulation sy/em4 ,support$ by _m communications program1 x is ! mo/ common "o 9 use on ! ,net4 ,,vt#ajb is a new] v]sion4 ,app5dix ,b3 ,g5]al ,in=mation ,ab\t ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation ,! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation 7,,eff7 is a memb]%ip organization t 0 f\nd$ 9 ,july ( #aiij to ensure t ! pr9ciples embodi$ 9 ! ,con/itution & ! ,bill ( ,rights are protect$ z new communications te*nologies em]ge4 ,f ! beg9n+1 ,,eff has work$ to %ape our nation's communications infra/ructure & ! policies t gov]n x 9 ord] to ma9ta9 & enhance ,fir/ ,am5dm5t1 privacy & o!r democratic values4 ,we believe t our ov]rid+ public goal mu/ be ! creation ( ,electronic ,democracy1 s our "w focuses on ! e/abli%m5t (3 o new laws t protect citiz5s' basic ,con/itutional rights z !y use new communications te*nologies1 o a policy ( common c>riage requirem5ts = all network provid]s s t all spee*1 no matt] h[ controv]sial1 w be c>ri$ )\t discrim9ation1 o a ,national ,public ,network :]e voice1 data & video s]vices are accessible to all citiz5s on an equitable & af=dable basis1 & o a div]sity ( communities t enable all citiz5s to h a voice 9 ! in=mation age4 ,jo9 u6 ,i wi% to become a memb] ( ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation4 ,i enclose3 ,regul> memb]%ip -- #dj ,/ud5t memb]%ip -- #bj ,special ,contribution ,i wi% to make a tax-d$uctible donation 9 ! am\nt ( to fur!r support ! activities ( ,,eff & to broad5 p>ticipation 9 ! organization4 ,docum5ts ,available 9 ,h>d ,copy ,=m ,! foll[+ docum5ts are available free ( *>ge f ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation4 ,please indicate any ( ! docum5ts y wi% to receive4 ,op5 ,plat=m ,proposal - ,,eff's proposal = a national telecommunications infra/ructure4 #ab pages4 ,july1 #aiib ,an ,analysis ( ! ,,fbi ,digital ,telephony ,proposal - ,response ( ,,eff-organiz$ coalition to ! ,,fbi's digital telephony proposal ( ,fall1 #aiib4 #h pages4 ,septemb]1 #aiib4 ,build+ ! ,op5 ,road3 ,! ,,nr5 & ! ,national ,public ,network - ,a discussion ( ! ,national ,rese>* & ,education ,network z a prototype = a ,national ,public ,network4 #bj pages4 ,may1 #aiib4 ,innovative ,s]vices ,deliv]$ ,n[3 ,,isdn ,applications at ,home1 ,s*ool1 ! ,workplace & ,beyond - ,a compilation ( ,,isdn applications curr5tly 9 use4 #bi pages4 ,janu>y1 #aiic4 ,decrypt+ ! ,puzzle ,palace - ,john ,p]ry ,b>l['s argum5t = /rong encryption & ! ne$ = an end to ,u4,s4 policies prev5t+ its developm5t & use4 #ac pages4 ,may1 #aiib4 ,crime & ,puzzlem5t - ,john ,p]ry ,b>l['s piece on ! f\nd+ ( ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation & ! _w ( hack]s1 crack]s & ^? accus$ ( comput] crimes4 #bd pages4 ,june1 #aiij4 ,networks ,policy - ,a qu>t]ly newslett] detail+ ,,eff's activities & a*ievem5ts4 ,y\r ,contact ,in=mation3 ,"n3 ,organization3 ,address3 ,phone3 77 ,,fax3 77 7optional7 ,e-mail address3 ,paym5t ,me?od ,enclos$ is a *eck payable to ! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation4 ,please *>ge my3 ,master,card ,visa ,am]ican ,express ,c>d ,numb]3 ,expiration ,date3 ,signature3 ,privacy ,policy ,,eff occasionally %>es our mail+ li/ ) o!r organizations promot+ simil> goals4 ,h[ev]1 we respect an individual's "r to privacy & w n di/ribute y\r "n )\t explicit p]mission4 ,i grant p]mission = ! ,,eff to di/ribute my "n & contact in=mation to organizations %>+ simil> goals4 ,pr9t out & mail to3 ,memb]%ip ,coord9ator ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation #ajja ,g ,/reet1 ,n4,w4 ,suite #iej ,ea/ ,wa%+ton1 ,,dc #bjjja #bjb_/cdg-edjj voice #bjb_/cic-eeji fax ,! ,electronic ,fronti] ,f\ndation is a nonpr(it1 #eja7;c77#c7 organization support$ by contributions f individual memb]s1 corporations & private f\ndations4 ,donations are tax-d$uctible4