,,the ,,mirror ,,of ,,literature1 ,,amusement1 ,,and ,,instruction4 ,,vol4 ,,xix4 ,,no4 #eci4 ,,saturday1 ,,march #bd1 #ahcb4 ,,price #b;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,windsor ,,castle1 7,n4,e47 ,,windsor ,,castle1 7,n4,e47 ,our sketchy tour of ,windsor ,castle has hitherto been told in visits far between1 perhaps1 if not few1 for the interesting character of the whole fabric4#a ,the present ,cut includes the ,north-east view1 a picturesque if not important point4 ,the reader will remember1 if he has not enjoyed1 the splendid terrace on the north2 this is now continued on the eastern side4 ,the fine tower at the eastern end of the north terrace1 7at the angle17 is ,brunswick ,tower1 with a projecting bastion in its front containing the apparatus for heating the orangery1 with rooms for the attendants2 it is octagon shaped1 and has a most commanding appearance1 the height being #abj feet above the level of the terrace4 ,a staircase turret communicates with the apartments1 the principal one being appropriated as a private dining-room by the late ,king1 while the larger apartments on the east front were reserved for splendid entertainments4 ,in a central position between the state dining-room and ,st4 ,george's ,hall is a music saloon1 in which is placed a fine-toned organ4 ,a communication has been effected between ,brunswick ,tower and the state apartments by a corridor terminating at the ,king's ,guard ,chamber1 where a new tower1 named after ,george the ,third1 has been erected3 the principal window is extremely large1 and divided by ,gothic tracery into several compartments1 producing a noble and cathedral-like appearance4 ,beneath the ,castle1 in the ,engraving1 are seen the wooded slopes of the ,little ,park1 the green retreats of ,pope1 where ----,waving groves a checker'd scene display ,and part admit1 and part exclude the day4 999999 ,the friendly suggestion of our ,correspondent1 ,g4,c4 7,windsor ,castle7 shall be considered4 #a ,for ,views of ,windsor ,castle1 with the late renovations1 see the following ,numbers of the ,mirror3 ,no4 #bib1 ,george the ,fourth's ,gateway1 ,south and ,east ,sides4 ,long ,gallery4 ,no4 #dcg1 ,bedchamber in which ,george ,,iv4 died4 ,no4 #ddd1 ,private ,dining ,room4 ,no4 #dhf1 ,george ,,iv4 ,gateway1 from the interior of the ,quadrangle4 ,no4 #dhh1 ,st4 ,george's ,chapel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,march ,,of ,,mind4 7,to the ,editor47 ,it is generally supposed that the extensive search after1 and diffusion of1 knowledge1 is in a great measure peculiar to these present times4 ,it seems therefore to me a very curious thing to find a learned man and an accomplished courtier protesting against book-learning as an evil1 so far back as the year #afdf1 and a curious thing he himself appears to have thought it1 introducing his opinion as a paradox until he explains4 ,in this explanation we find the same opinion that is now strenuously insisted on by ,mr4 ,cobbett1 namely1 that a man who properly understands his own business or employment1 though he have nothing of literature1 is by no means to be accounted ignorant4 ,the letters of ,james ,howell1 ,esq4 are well known as fluent examples of the best style of writing of his day1 and as repositories of many curious facts and intelligent remarks4 ,the following letter appears to be addressed to ,lord ,dorchester-- ,my ,lord1--,the subject of this letter may1 peradventure1 seem a paradox to some1 but not1 ,i know1 to your ,lordship1 when you are pleased to weigh well the reasons4 ,learning is a thing that hath been much cried up1 and coveted in all ages1 especially in this last century of years1 by people of all sorts1 though never so mean and mechanical2 every man strains his fortune to keep his children at school2 the cobbler will clout it till midnight1 the porter will carry burdens till his bones crack again1 the ploughman will pinch both back and belly to give his son learning1 and ,i find that this ambition reigns no where so much as in this island4 ,but1 under favour1 this word1 learning1 is taken in a narrower sense among us than among other nations3 we seem to restrain it only to the book1 whereas1 indeed1 any artisan whatsoever 7if he knew the secret and mystery of his trade7 may be called a learned man3 a good mason2 a good shoemaker1 that can manage ,st4 ,crispin's lance handsomely2 a skilful yeoman2 a good ship-wright1 c4 may be all called learned men1 and indeed the usefullest sort of learned men4 ,the extravagant humour of our country is not to be altogether commended--that all men should aspire to book-learning2 there is not a simpler animal1 and a more superfluous member of a state than a mere scholar1 a self-pleasing student4 ,archimedes1 though an excellent engineer1 when ,syracuse was lost1 was found in his study1 intoxicated with speculations2 and another great1 learned philosopher1 like a fool or frantic1 when being in a bath1 he leaped out naked among the people1 and cried1 ',i have found it1 ,i have found it1' having hit then upon an extraordinary conclusion in geometry4 ,there is a famous tale of ,thomas ,aquinas1 the angelical doctor1 and of ,bonadventure1 the seraphical doctor1 of whom ,alexander ,hales1 our countryman1 reports1 that these great clerks were invited to dinner by the ,french ,king1 on purpose to observe their humours1 and being brought to the room where the table was laid1 the first fell to eating of bread as hard as he could drive1 at last1 breaking out of a brown study1 he cried out ',conclusum est contra ,manichaeos2' the other fell a gazing upon the ,queen1 and the ,king asking him how he liked her1 he answered1 ',oh1 sir1 if an earthly ,queen be so beautiful1 what shall we think of the ,queen of ,heaven8' ,the latter was the better courtier of the two4 ,my ,lord1 ,i know none in this age more capable to sit in the chair1 and censure what is true learning1 and what not1 than yourself2 therefore1 in speaking of this subject to your ,lordship1 ,i fear to have committed the same error as ,phormio did1 in discoursing of war before ,hannibal4 ,my ,lord1 your most humble1 c4 ,,james ,,howell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,illuminated ,,psalter4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,there is an illuminated ,psalter preserved amongst the ,,mss4 in the ,british ,museum1 #b4 ,a4 #af41 written by ,john ,mallard1 ,chaplain to ,henry ,,viii41 wherein are several notes in that king's hand writing1 some in pencil prefixed to ,psalm liii4 7,dixit incipiens47 ,according to a very ancient custom are the figures of ,king ,david and a fool1 in this instance evidently the portraits of ,henry and his jester1 ,will ,somers4 ,s4 ,k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ancient ,,valentines4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,the earliest poetical ,valentines remaining1 are those preserved in the works of ,charles ,duke of ,orleans1 father to ,louis ,,xii4 of ,france4 ,he was taken prisoner at the battle of ,agincourt1 and remained in ,england twenty-five years1 and called his mistress his ,valentine4 ,in the royal library of ,,mss4 now in the ,british ,museum1 there is a magnificent volume containing his writings whilst in ,england2 it belonged to ,henry ,,viii4 for whom it was copied from older ,,mss4 ,it is illuminated3 one painting represents the duke in the ,white ,tower1 at a writing table4 ,this ,,mss4 also contain some of the compositions of ,eloisa4 ,s4,k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,cosmopolite4 ,,superstitions1 ,,fables1 ,c4 ,,relative ,,to ,,animals4 7,continued from page #aga47 ,the fore-foot of a ,hare worn constantly in the pocket1 is esteemed by certain worthy old dames as a sure preventive of rheumatic disorders4 ,the ,lynx was believed by the ancients1 from the acuteness of its sight1 to have the power of seeing through stone walls2 and amongst other absurdities then gravely maintained were these3 that the ,elephant had no joints1 and being unable to lie down1 was obliged to sleep leaning against a tree2 that ,deer lived several hundred years2 that the ,badger had the legs of one side shorter than those of the other2 that the ,chameleon lived entirely on air1 and the ,salamander in fire2 whilst the sphynx1 satyr1 unicorn1 centaur1 hypogriff1 hydra1 dragon1 griffin1 cockatrice1 c4 c4 c4 were either the creations of fancy1 or fabled accounts of creatures of whose real form1 origin1 nature1 and qualities1 but the most imperfect knowledge was afloat4 ,the flesh of the ,rhinoceros1 and almost every part of its body1 is reckoned by the ignorant natives of countries where it is found1 an antidote against poison4 ,that the ,jackal is the ,lion's ,provider1 entirely1 is an erroneous idea2 but it is true that the terrific cry of this animal when in chase1 rouses the lion1 whose ear is dull1 and enables him to join in the pursuit of prey4 ,many stories are told respecting the generosity of the ,lion1 and it was once confidently believed that no stress of hunger would induce him to devour a virgin1 though his imperial appetite might satiate itself on men and matrons4 ,the title of ,king of the ,beasts1 given at a period when strength and ferocity were deemed the prime qualities of man--is now more justly considered to belong to the mild1 majestic1 and almost rational elephant4 ,the ,white ,elephant is a sacred animal with the ,siamese1 and the cow with the ,bramins and ,hindoos4 ,the ,bear was believed never to devour a man whom it found dead2 and it was imagined to lick its cubs into proper shape3 hence the expression unlicked cub1 applied to a raw1 awkward1 unpolished youth4 ,the saliva of the ,lama1 which when angry it ejects1 has been erroneously supposed to possess a corrosive quality4 ,the hoof of the ,moose-deer was formerly in great repute for curing epilepsies1 but has now justly fallen into neglect4 ,the ,laplander1 commencing his journey1 whispers into the ear of his ,rein-deer1 believing these animals understand and will obey his oral directions4 ,the ,elk is accounted by the ,indians an animal of good omen1 and often to dream of him indicates a long life4 ,they imagine also the existence of a gigantic elk1 which walks without difficulty in eight feet of snow1 has an arm growing from its shoulder which it uses as we do1 is invulnerable to all weapons1 is king of the elks and attended by a numerous herd of courtiers4 ,the fur of the ,glutton is so valued by the ,kamschatdales that they say celestial beings are clad in no other4 ,it was long a popular error that the ,porcupine1 when irritated1 discharged its quills at its adversary2 that these quills were poisonous1 and rendered wounds inflicted by them difficult to cure3 a better acquaintance with the natural history of this harmless animal has now exploded these fables4 ,our ,british porcupine1 the innocuous ,hedgehog1 has long been the object of unceasing persecution1 from the popular belief that it bites and sucks the udders of cows1 an absurdity sufficiently contradicted by the smallness of its mouth4 ,in like manner1 the ,goat-sucker is a persecuted bird1 since1 as its name implies1 it has been thought to suck the teats of goats and other animals2 whereas the form of its bill entirely precludes such an act1 and it is an inoffensive bird1 living upon insects4 ,the superstition has probably originated from its being often found in warm climates under cattle1 capturing the insects that torment them4 ,it is supposed1 in some places1 that the ,shrew-mouse is of so baneful and deleterious a nature that whenever it creeps over a beast1 cow1 sheep1 or horse 7in particular71 the animal is afflicted with cruel anguish1 and threatened with a loss of the use of its limb4 ,a shrew-ash was the remedy for this misfortune1 viz4 an ash whose twigs or branches gently applied to the affected members relieved the pain3 our provident forefathers1 anticipating such an accident to their cattle1 always kept a shrew-ash at hand1 which1 once medicated1 retained its virtue for ever3 it was thus prepared3 into the body of an ash a deep hole was bored with an auger1 and a poor devoted shrew-mouse being thrust into it1 the orifice was plugged up1 probably with quaint incantations now forgotten4 ,the ,toad1 owing to its hideous1 disgusting appearance1 has been the subject of many superstitions3 it is commonly thought to spit venom1 whilst1 as yet1 the question is unsettled1 whether or not it be poisonous in any respect2 some affirm that a viscous humour of poisonous quality exudes from the skin1 like perspiration2 whilst others pretend that cancers may be cured by the application of living toads to them2 and a man has been known to swallow one of these abominations for a wager1 taking care1 however1 to follow this horrid meal by an immediate and copious draught of oil4 ,but the very glance of the toad has been supposed fatal2 of its entrails fancied poisonous potions have been concocted2 and for magical purposes it was believed extremely efficacious2 a precious stone was asserted to be found in its head1 invaluable in medicine and magic4 ,in ,carthagena and ,portobello 7,america7 these creatures swarm to such a degree in wet weather that many of the inhabitants believe every drop of rain to be converted into a toad4 ,it is said of the ,pipa1 or ,surinam toad1 a hideous1 but probably harmless1 animal1 that very malignant effects are experienced from it when calcined4 ,the ,crocodile is feigned to weep and groan like a human being in pain and distress1 in order to excite the sympathy of man1 and thus allure him into his tremendous jaws4 ,the ,lizard1 though now declared by naturalists to be perfectly harmless1 was long considered poisonous by the ignorant2 and in ,sweden and ,kamschatka1 the green lizard is the subject of strange superstitions1 and regarded with horror4 ,newts1 efts1 swifts1 snakes1 and blind-worms are1 in popular credence1 all venomous2 and that the ,ear-wig most justly derives its name from entering people's ears1 and either causing deafness1 or1 by penetrating to the brain1 death itself1 is with many considered an indisputable fact4 ,the ,irish have a large beetle of which strange tales are believed2 they term it the ,coffin-cutter1 and it has some connexion with the grave and purgatory1 not now1 unfortunately1 to be recalled to our memory4 ,it is1 in ,germany1 a popular belief1 that the ,stag-beetle 7perhaps the same insect7 carries burning coals into houses by means of its jaws1 and that it has thus occasioned many dreadful fires4 7,how convenient would ,swing find such a superstition in ,england67 ,the ,death-watch superstition is too well known to need particular notice in this paper4 ,it is singular that the ,house-cricket should by some persons be considered an unlucky1 by others a lucky1 inmate of the mansion3 those who hold the latter opinion consider its destruction the means of bringing misfortune on their habitations4 ,in ,dumfries-shire1 says ,sir ,william ,jardine1 it is a common superstition that if crickets forsake a house which they have long inhabited1 some evil will befal the family2 generally the death of some member is portended4 ,in like manner the presence or return of this cheerful little insect is lucky1 and portends some good to the family4 7,to be continued47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,notes ,,of ,a ,,reader4 ,,domestic ,,life ,,in ,,america4 ,servants4 ,the following sketch of what the ,americans feel on this point1 from ,mrs4 ,trollope's ,domestic ,manners of the ,americans1 is clever and amusing3-- ,the greatest difficulty in organizing a family establishment in ,ohio is getting servants1 or1 as it is there called1 'getting help1' for it is more than petty treason to the republic to call a free citizen a servant4 ,the whole class of young women1 whose bread depends upon their labour1 are taught to believe that the most abject poverty is preferable to domestic service4 ,hundreds of half-naked girls work in the paper-mills1 or in any other manufactory1 for less than half the wages they would receive in service3 but they think their equality is compromised by the latter1 and nothing but the wish to obtain some particular article of finery will ever induce them to submit to it4 ,a kind friend1 however1 exerted herself so effectually for me1 that a tall stately lass soon presented herself1 saying1 ',i be come to help you4' ,the intelligence was very agreeable1 and ,i welcomed her in the most gracious manner possible1 and asked what ,i should give her by the year4 ',oh ,gimini6' exclaimed the damsel1 with a loud laugh1 'you be a downright ,englisher1 sure enough4 ,i should like to see a young lady engage by the year in ,america6 ,i hope ,i shall get a husband before many months1 or ,i expect ,i shall be an outright old maid1 for ,i be most seventeen already2 besides1 mayhap ,i may want to go to school4 ,you must just give me a dollar and a half a week2 and mother's slave1 ,phillis1 must come over once a week1 ,i expect1 from t'other side the water1 to help me clean4' ,i agreed to the bargain1 of course1 with all dutiful submission2 and seeing she was preparing to set to work in a yellow dress parsem with red roses1 ,i gently hinted1 that ,i thought it was a pity to spoil so fine a gown1 and that she had better change it4 '',tis just my best and worst1' she answered1 'for ,i've got no other4' ,and in truth ,i found that this young lady had left the paternal mansion with no more clothes of any kind than what she had on4 ,i immediately gave her money to purchase what was necessary for cleanliness and decency1 and set to work with my daughters to make her a gown4 ,she grinned applause when our labour was completed1 but never uttered the slightest expression of gratitude for that or for anything else we could do for her4 ,she was constantly asking us to lend her different articles of dress1 and when we declined it1 she said1 ',well1 ,i never seed such grumpy folks as you be2 there is several young ladies of my acquaintance what goes to live out now and then with the old women about the town1 and they and their gurls always lends them what they asks for2 ,i guess1 you ,inglish thinks we should poison your things1 just as bad as if we was negurs4' ,and here ,i beg to assure the reader1 that whenever ,i give conversations1 they were not made loisir1 but were written down immediately after they occurred1 with all the verbal fidelity my memory permitted4 ,this young lady left me at the end of two months1 because ,i refused to lend her money enough to buy a silk dress to go to a ball1 saying1 ',then it is not worth my while to stay any longer4' ,i cannot imagine it possible that such a state of things can be desirable or beneficial to any of the parties concerned4 ,i might occupy a hundred pages on the subject1 and yet fail to give an adequate idea of the sore1 angry1 ever-wakeful pride that seemed to torment these poor wretches4 ,in many of them it was so excessive1 that all feeling of displeasure1 or even of ridicule1 was lost in pity4 ,one of these was a pretty girl1 whose natural disposition must have been gentle and kind2 but her good feelings were soured1 and her gentleness turned into morbid sensitiveness1 by having heard a thousand and a thousand times that she was as good as any other lady1 that all men were equal1 and women too1 and that it was a sin and a shame for a free-born ,american to be treated like a servant4 ,when she found she was to dine in the kitchen1 she turned up her pretty lip1 and said1 ',i guess that's 'cause you don't think ,i'm good enough to eat with you4 ,you'll find that won't do here4' ,i found afterwards that she rarely ate any dinner at all1 and generally passed the time in tears4 ,i did everything in my power to conciliate and make her happy1 but ,i am sure she hated me4 ,i gave her very high wages1 and she stayed till she had obtained several expensive articles of dress1 and then1 un beau matin1 she came to me full dressed1 and said1 ',i must go4' ',when shall you return1 ,charlotte8' ',i expect you will see no more of me4' ,and so we parted4 ,her sister was also living with me1 but her wardrobe was not yet completed1 and she remained some weeks longer till it was4 ,such being the difficulties respecting domestic arrangements1 adds our author1 it is obvious1 that the ladies who are brought up amongst them cannot have leisure for any developement of the mind3 it is1 in fact1 out of the question2 and1 remembering this1 it is more surprising that some among them should be very pleasing1 than that none should be highly instructed4 ,but1 whatever may be the talents of the persons who meet together in society1 the very shape1 form1 and arrangement of the meeting is sufficient to paralyze conversation4 ,the women invariably herd together at one part of the room1 and the men at the other2 but1 in justice to ,cincinnati1 ,i must acknowledge that this arrangement is by no means peculiar to that city1 or to the western side of the ,alleghanies4 ,sometimes a small attempt at music produces a partial reunion2 a few of the most daring youths animated by the consciousness of curled hair and smart waistcoats1 approach the piano-forte1 and begin to mutter a little to the half-grown pretty things1 who are comparing with one another 'how many quarters' music they have had4' ,where the mansion is of sufficient dignity to have two drawing-rooms1 the piano1 the little ladies1 and the slender gentlemen are left to themselves2 and on such occasions the sound of laughter is often heard to issue from among them4 ,but the fate of the more dignified personages1 who are left in the other room1 is extremely dismal4 ,the gentlemen spit1 talk of elections and the price of produce1 and spit again4 ,the ladies look at each other's dresses till they know every pin by heart2 talk of ,parson ,somebody's last sermon on the day of judgment1 or ,dr4 ,t'otherbody's new pills for dyspepsia1 till the 'tea' is announced1 when they all console themselves together for whatever they may have suffered in keeping awake1 by taking more tea1 coffee1 hot cake and custard1 hoe cake1 johny cake1 waffle cake1 and dodger cake1 pickled peaches1 and preserved cucumbers1 ham1 turkey1 hung beef1 apple sauce1 and pickled oysters1 than ever were prepared in any other country of the known world4 ,after this massive meal is over1 they return to the drawing-room1 and it always appeared to me that they remained together as long as they could bear it1 and then they rise en masse--cloak1 bonnet1 shawl1 and exit4 ,conversation of an ,american ,woman4 ',well now1 so you be from the old country8 ,ay--you'll see sights here ,i guess4' ',i hope ,i shall see many4' ',that's a fact4--,why they do say1 that if a poor body contrives to be smart enough to scrape together a few dollars1 that your ,king ,george always comes down upon 'em1 and takes it all away4 ,don't he8' ',i do not remember hearing of such a transaction4' ',i guess they be pretty close about it4' ',your papers ben't like ourn1 ,i reckon8 ,now we says and prints just what we likes4' ',you spend a good deal of time in reading the newspapers4' ',and ,i'd like you to tell me how we can spend it better4 ,how should freemen spend their time1 but looking after their government1 and watching that them fellers as we gives offices to1 doos their duty1 and gives themselves no airs8' ',but ,i sometimes think1 sir1 that your fences might be in more thorough repair1 and your roads in better order1 if less time was spent in politics4' ',the ,lord6 to see how little you knows of a free country8 ,why1 what's the smoothness of a road put against the freedom of a free-born ,american8 ,and what does a broken zig-zag signify1 comparable to knowing that the men what we have been pleased to send up to ,congress1 speaks handsome and straight1 as we chooses they should8' ',it is from a sense of duty1 then1 that you all go to the liquor store to read the papers8' ',to be sure it is1 and he'd be no true-born ,american as didn't4 ,i don't say that the father of a family should always be after liquor1 but ,i do say that ,i'd rather have my son drunk three times in a week1 than not to look after the affairs of his country1' ,hogs4 ,immense droves of hogs were continually arriving from the country by the road that led to most of our favourite walks2 they were often fed and lodged in the prettiest valleys1 and worse still1 were slaughtered beside the prettiest streams4 ,another evil threatened us from the same quarter1 that was yet heavier4 ,our cottage had an ample piazza1 7a luxury almost universal in the country houses of ,america17 which1 shaded by a group of acacias1 made a delightful sitting-room2 from this favourite spot we one day perceived symptoms of building in a field close to it2 with much anxiety we hastened to the spot1 and asked what building was to be erected there4 '',tis to be a slaughter-house for hogs1' was the dreadful reply4 ,as there were several gentlemen's houses in the neighbourhood1 ,i asked if such an erection might not be indicted as a nuisance4 ',a what8' ',a nuisance1' ,i repeated1 and explained what ,i meant4 ',no1 no1' was the reply1 'that may do very well for your tyrannical country1 where a rich man's nose is more thought of than a poor man's mouth2 but hogs be profitable produce here1 and we be too free for such a law as that1 ,i guess4' 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,bell ,,rock ,,light ,,house4 ,on the #ith ult41 about #aj ,p4,m41 a large herring-gull struck one of the south-eastern mullions of the ,bell ,rock ,light ,house with such force1 that two of the polished plates of glass1 measuring about two feet square1 and a quarter of an inch in thickness1 were shivered to pieces and scattered over the floor in a thousand atoms1 to the great alarm of the keeper on watch1 and the other two inmates of the house1 who rushed instantly to the light room4 ,it fortunately happened1 that although one of the red-shaded sides of the reflector-frame was passing in its revolution at the moment1 the pieces of broken glass were so minute1 that no injury was done to the red glass4 ,the gull was found to measure five feet between the tips of the wings4 ,in his gullet was found a large herring1 and in its throat a piece of plate-glass1 of about one inch in length4--7,from ,no4 ,i4 of the ,nautical ,magazine1 a work of clever execution1 great promise1 and extraordinary cheapness47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,no ,,chalk4 ,it appears that the bill for the abolition of imprisonment for debt in ,america works well1 as applied to ,new ,york2 and the system is consequently to be put in general force all over the ,union--a fact1 which1 as a poet like ,mr4 ,watts would say1 adds another leaf to ,america's laurel4 ,but the paper which announced this gratifying intelligence1 relates in a paragraph nearly subjoined to it1 a circumstance in natural history that seems to have some connexion with the affairs between debtor and creditor in the ,united ,states4 ,it informs us1 that up to the present period of scientific investigation1 no chalk has been discovered in ,north ,america4 ,now this is really a valuable bit of discovery2 and we heartily wish that the ,geological ,society1 instead of wasting their resources on anniversary-dinners1 as they have lately been doing1 would at once set about establishing the proof of a similar absence of that article in this country4 ,surely1 our brethren on the other side of the ,atlantic1 will not fail to take the hint which nature herself has so benificently thrown out to them2 and instead of abolishing the power of getting into prison1 put an end at once to the power of getting into debt4 ,the scarcity of chalk ought certainly to be numbered among the natural blessings of ,america4 ,had the soil on that side of the ocean been as chalky as this1 ,america might have been visited by a comet1 like ,pitt1 with a golden train of eight hundred millions4--,monthly ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,naturalist4 ,,angling4 7,from the ,angler's ,museum1 quoted in the ,magazine of ,natural ,history47 ,every one who is acquainted with the habits of fish is sensible of the extreme acuteness of their vision1 and well knows how easily they are scared by shadows in motion1 or even at rest1 projected from the bank2 and often has the angler to regret the suspension of a successful fly-fishing by the accidental passage of a person along the opposite bank of the stream3 yet1 by noting the apparently trivial habits of one of nature's anglers1 not only is our difficulty obviated1 but our success insured4 ,the heron1 guided by a wonderful instinct1 preys chiefly in the absence of the sun2 fishing in the dusk of the morning and evening1 on cloudy days and moonlight nights4 ,but should the river become flooded to discoloration1 then does the long-necked felon fish indiscriminately in sun and shade2 and in a recorded instance of his fishing on a bright day1 it is related of him1 that1 like a skilful angler1 he occupied the shore opposite the sun4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,skilful ,,anatomists4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,it may not be generally known that the tadpole acts the same part with fish that ants do with birds2 and that through the agency of this little reptile1 perfect skeletons1 even of the smallest fishes may be obtained4 ,to produce this1 it is but necessary to suspend the fish by threads attached to the head and tail in an horizontal position1 in a jar of water1 such as is found in a pond1 and change it often1 till the tadpoles have finished their work4 ,two or three tadpoles will perfectly dissect a fish in twenty-four hours4 ,h4,s4,s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,three ,,enthusiastic ,,naturalists4 ,the first is a learned entomologist1 who1 hearing one evening at the ,linnean ,society that a yellow ,scarabaeus1 otherwise beetle1 of a very rare kind was to be captured on the sands at ,swansea1 immediately took his seat in the mail for that place1 and brought back in triumph the object of his desire4 ,the second is ,mr4 ,david ,douglas1 who spent two years among the wild ,indians of the ,rocky ,mountains1 was reduced to such extremities as occasionally to sup upon the flaps of his saddle2 and once1 not having this resource1 was obliged to eat up all the seeds he had collected the previous forty days in order to appease the cravings of nature4 ,not appalled by these sufferings1 he has returned again to endure similar hardships1 and all for a few simples4 ,the third example is ,mr4 ,drummond1 the assistant botanist to ,franklin in his last hyperborean journey4 ,in the midst of snow1 with the thermometer #ae below zero1 without a tent1 sheltered from the inclemency of the weather only by a hut built of the branches of trees1 and depending for subsistence from day to day on a solitary ,indian hunter1 ,i obtained1 says this amiable and enthusiastic botanist1 a few mosses2 and1 on ,christmas day1--mark1 gentle reader1 the day1 of all others1 as if it were a reward for his devotion1--,i had the pleasure of finding a very minute ,gymnstomum1 hitherto undescribed4 ,i remained alone for the rest of the winter1 except when my man occasionally visited me with meat2 and ,i found the time hang very heavy1 as ,i had no books1 and nothing could be done in the way of collecting specimens of natural history4 ,magazine of ,natural ,history 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,,burial ,,place ,,in ,,tongatabu4 ,this is another of ,mr4 ,bennett's sketches made during his recent visit to several of the ,polynesian ,islands4 ,it represents the burial-place of the ,chiefs of ,tongatabu3 over this earthly prison of their bones1 we may say with ,titus ,andronicus3 ,in pence and honour rest you here my sons3 7,the7 readiest champions1 repose you here1 ,secure from worldly chances and mishaps3 ,here lurks no treason1 here no envy swells1 ,here grow no damned grudges3 here are no storms1 ,no noise1 but silence and eternal sleep4 ,mr4 ,bennett thus describes the spot1 with some interesting circumstances3 ,july #bith4 ,i visited this morning a beautiful spot named ,maofanga1 at a short distance from our anchorage2 here was the burial-place of the chiefs4 ,the tranquillity of this secluded spot1 and the drooping trees of the casuarina equisetifolia1 added to the mournful solemnity of the place4 ,off this place1 the ,astrolabe ,french discovery ship lay when1 some time before1 she fired on the natives4 ,the circumstances respecting this affair1 as communicated to me1 if correct1 do not reflect much credit on the commander of the vessel4 ,they are as follow3 ,during a gale the ,astrolabe drove on the reef1 but was afterwards got off by the exertion of the natives2 some of the men deserting from the ship1 the chiefs were accused of enticing them away1 and on the men not being given up the ship fired on the village2 the natives barricaded themselves on the beach by throwing up sand heaps1 and afterwards retired into the woods4 ,the natives pointed out the effects of the shot2 on the trees1 a large branch of a casuarina tree in the sacred enclosure was shot off1 several coco-nut trees were cut in two1 and the marks of several spent shots still remain on the trees3 three natives were killed in this attack4 ,a great number of the flying-fox1 or vampire bat1 hung from the casuarina trees in this enclosure1 but the natives interposed to prevent our firing at them1 the place being tabued4 ,mr4 ,turner had been witness to the interment here1 not long previously1 of the wife of a chief1 and allied to the royal family4 ,the body1 enveloped in mats1 was placed in a vault1 in which some of her relations had been before interred1 and being covered up1 several natives advanced with baskets of sand1 c4 and strewed it over the vault2 others then approached and cut themselves on the head with hatchets1 wailing and showing other demonstrations of grief4 ,small houses are erected over the vaults4 ,all the burial-places are either fenced round or surrounded by a low wall of coral stones1 and have a very clean1 neat1 and regular appearance4 ,i observed that nearly the whole of the natives whom ,i had seen1 were deficient in the joints of the little finger of the left hand1 and some of both2 some of the first joint only1 others two1 and many the whole of both fingers4 ,on inquiry1 ,i found that a joint is chopped off on any occasion of the illness or death of a relation or chief1 as a propitiatory offering to the ,spirit4 ,there is a curious analogy between this custom and one related by ,mr4 ,burchell as existing among the ,bushmen tribe in ,southern ,africa1 and performed for similar superstitious reasons to express grief for the loss of relations4 ,near this place was the ,hufanga1 or place of refuge1 in which a person in danger of being put to death is in safety as long as he remains there2 on looking in the enclosure1 it was only a place gravelled over1 in which was a small house and some trees planted4#a #a ,united ,service ,journal1 ,jan4 #ahcb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,selector2 ,,and ,,literary ,,notices ,,of ,,new ,,works4 ,,francis ,,the ,,first4 ,an ,historical ,drama4 ,by ,frances ,ann ,kemble4 ,this extraordinary production has awakened an interest in the dramatic and literary world1 scarcely equalled in our times4 ,we know of its fortune upon the stage by report only2 but1 from our acquaintance with the requisites of the acting drama1 we should conceive its permanence will be more problematical in the theatre than in the closet2 and considering the conditions upon which dramatic fame is now attainable1 we think the clever authoress will not have reason to regret these inequalities of success4 ,that ,miss ,kemble's tragedy possesses points to be made1 and passages that will tell on the stage1 cannot be denied2 but its interest for representation requires to be concentrated2 it wants a hero1 an uncommon thing4 ,it is well observed in the ,quarterly ,review1 7by the way1 the only notice yet taken of the tragedy1 that merits attention17 that the piece is crowded with characters of the greatest variety1 all of considerable importance in the piece1 engaged in the most striking situations1 and contributing essentially to the main design4 ,instead of that simple unity of interest1 from which modern tragic writers have rarely ventured to depart1 it takes the wider range of that historic unity1 which is the characteristic of our elder drama2 moulds together1 and connects by some common agent employed in both1 incidents which have no necessary connexion2 and--what in the present tragedy strikes us as on many accounts especially noticeable--unites by a fine though less perceptible moral link1 remote but highly tragic events with the immediate1 if we may so speak1 the domestic interests of the play4 ,this language is finely characteristic of the drama4 ,again1 the interest has so much ,shakspearianism in the conception as to afford a remarkable indication of the noble school in which the young authoress has studied1 and the high models which1 with courage1 in the present day1 fairly to be called originality1 she has dared to set before her4 ,in fact1 ,francis the ,first is cast entirely in the mould of one of ,shakspeare's historical tragedies4 ,the drama too was written without any view to its representation1 as the ,quarterly reviewer has been informed by persons who long ago perused the manuscript1 several years before ,miss ,kemble appeared upon the stage1 and at a time when she little anticipated the probability that she herself might be called upon to impersonate the conceptions of her own imagination4 ,we believe that we are quite safe when we state that the drama1 in its present form1 was written when the authoress was not more than seventeen4 ,yet it should be added that the above statement is not made by way of extenuation2 for1 to say the truth1 it needs no such adventitious aid4 ,a mere outline of the story will convince the reader that1 as the ,reviewer states1 the tragedy is alive from the beginning to the end2 and our extracts will we trust show the language to be bold and vigorous2 the imagery sweetly poetical2 and the workings of the passions which actuate the personages to be evidently of high promise if not of masterly spirit4 ,the tragedy opens with the recall of the ,constable ,de ,bourbon from ,italy1 through the supposed political intrigue1 but really1 the secret love1 of the mother of ,francis1 ,louisa of ,savoy1 ,duchess of ,angouleme1 whom ,miss ,kemble calls the ,queen ,mother4 ,in the second scene the ,queen ,mother communicates to ,gonzales1 a monk in disguise1 but in1 reality an emissary of the ,court of ,spain1 her secret passion for ,de ,bourbon1 and her design in his recall4 ,francis is introduced at a tourney1 where he not only triumphs in the jousts1 but over the heart of the beautiful ,franoise de ,foix4 ,bourbon returns1 and the second act opens with his interview with ,rene1 7or ,margaret17 the daughter of the ,queen ,mother1 and sister of ,francis ,i41 for whom he really entertains an affection4 ,in the second scene the ,queen ,mother declares her passion to ,bourbon1 who1 at first supposes he is to be tempted by ,margaret's hand1 but finding the ,queen herself to be the lure1 he indignantly rejects her4 ,the character of ,bourbon in this scene is admirably brought out4 ,the artifice of the ,queen--the scorn of ,bourbon--and the ,queen's meditated vengeance are powerfully wrought3 ,,bourbon4 ,i would have you know1 ,de ,bourbon storms1 and does not steal his honours ,and though your highness thinks ,i am ambitious1 7,and rightly thinks7 ,i am not so ambitious ,ever to beg rewards that ,i can win1-- ,no man shall call me debtor to his tongue4 ,,queen 7rising47 ',tis proudly spoken2 nobly too--but what-- ,what if a woman's hand were to bestow ,upon the ,duke de ,bourbon such high honours1 ,to raise him to such state1 that grasping man1 ,e'en in his wildest thoughts of mad ambition1 ,ne'er dreamt of a more glorious pinnacle8 ,,bourbon4 ,i'd kiss the lady's hand1 an she were fair4 ,but if this world fill'd up the universe1-- ,if it could gather all the light that lives ,in ev'ry other star or sun1 or world2 ,if kings could be my subjects1 and that ,i ,could call such pow'r and such a world my own1 ,i would not take it from a woman's hand4 ,fame is my mistress1 madam1 and my sword ,the only friend ,i ever wooed her with4 ,i hate all honours smelling of the distaff1 ,and1 by this light1 would as lief wear a spindle ,hung round my neck1 as thank a lady's hand ,for any favour greater than a kiss4-- ,,queen4 ,and how1 if such a woman loved you1--how ,if1 while she crown'd your proud ambition1 she ,could crown her own ungovernable passion1 ,and felt that all this earth possess'd1 and she ,could give1 were all too little for your love8 ,oh good1 my lord6 there may be such a woman4 ,,bourbon 7aside47 ,amazement6 can it be1 sweet ,margaret-- ,that she has read our love8--impossible6--and yet-- ,that lip ne'er wore so sweet a smile6--it is4 ,that look is pardon and acceptance6 7aloud7-- speak4 7,he falls at the ,queen's feet47 ,madam1 in pity speak but one word more1-- ,who is that woman8 ,,queen 7throwing off her veil47 ,i am that woman6 ,,bourbon 7starting up47 ,you1 by the holy mass6 ,i scorn your proffers2 ,is there no crimson blush to tell of fame ,and shrinking womanhood6 ,oh shame6 shame6 shame6 7,the ,queen remains clasping her hands to her temples1 while ,de ,bourbon walks hastily up and down2 after a long pause the ,queen speaks47 7,the ,queen summons her ,confessor47 ,enter ,,gonzales4 ,sir1 we have business with this holy father2 ,you may retire4 ,,bourbon4 ,confusion6 ,,queen4 ,are we obeyed8 ,,bourbon 7aside47 ,oh ,margaret6--for thee6 for thy dear sake6 ,rushes out4 ,the ,queen sinks into a chair4 ,,queen4 ,refus'd and scorn'd6 ,infamy6--the word chokes me6 ,how now6 why stand'st thou gazing at me thus8 ,,gonzales4 ,i wait your highness' pleasure4--7,aside7 ,so all is well-- ,a crown hath fail'd to tempt him--as ,i see ,in yonder lady's eyes4 ,,queen4 ,oh sweet revenge6 ,thou art my only hope1 my only dower1 ,and ,i will make thee worthy of a ,queen4 ,proud noble1 ,i will weave thee such a web1-- ,i will so spoil and trample on thy pride1 ,that thou shalt wish the woman's distaff were ,ten thousand lances rather than itself4 ,ha6 waiting still1 sir ,priest6 ,well as them seest ,our venture hath been somewhat baulk'd1--'tis not ,each arrow readies swift and true the aim1-- ,love having failed1 we'll try the best expedient1 ,that offers next1--what sayst thou to revenge8 ',tis not so soft1 but then 'tis very sure2 ,say1 shall we wring this haughty soul a little8 ,tame this proud spirit1 curb this untrain'd charger8 ,we will not weigh too heavily1 nor grind ,too hard1 but1 having bow'd him to the earth1 ,leave the pursuit to others--carrion birds1 ,who stoop1 but not until the falcon's gorg'd ,upon the prey he leaves to their base talons4 ,,gonzales4 ,it rests but with your grace to point the means4 ,,queen4 ,where be the plans of those possessions ,of ,bourbon's house8--see that thou find them straight3 ,his mother was my kinswoman1 and ,i ,could aptly once trace characters like those ,she used to write--enough--,guienne--,auvergne ,and all ,provence that lies beneath his claim1-- ,that claim disprov'd1 of right belong to me4-- ,the path is clear1 do thou fetch me those parchments4 ,exit ,gonzales4 ,not dearer to my heart will be the day ,when first the crown of ,france deck'd my son's forehead1 ,than that when ,i can compass thy perdition1-- ,when ,i can strip the halo of thy fame ,from off thy brow1 seize on the wide domains1 ,that make thy hatred house akin to empire1 ,and give thy name to deathless infamy4 ,exit4 ,the ,king holds a ,council to appoint a successor to the ,constable in ,italy4 ,this scene is of stirring interest4 ,the ,queen goads the high-minded ,bourbon nigh unto madness1 and at length breaks out into open insult4 ,lautrec the brother of ,franoise1 and despised by ,bourbon1 is named the governor4 ,in the ceremony ,francis addresses ,lautrec3-- ,,francis4 ,with our own royal hand we'll buckle on ,the sword1 that in thy grasp must be the bulwark ,and lode-star of our host4 ,approach4 ,,queen4 ,not so4 ,your pardon1 sir2 but it hath ever been ,the pride and privilege of woman's hand ,to arm the valour that she loves so well3 ,we would not1 for your crown's best jewel1 bate ,one jot of our accustom'd state to-day3 ,count ,lautrec1 we will arm thee1 at our feet3 ,take thou the brand which wins thy country's wars1-- ,thy monarch's trust1 and thy fair lady's favour4 ,why1 how now6--how is this6--my lord of ,bourbon6 ,if we mistake not1 'tis the sword of office ,which graces still your baldrick2--with your leave1 ,we'll borrow it of you4 ,,bourbon 7starting up47 ,ay1 madam1 'tis the sword ,you buckled on with your own hand1 the day ,you sent me forth to conquer in your cause2 ,and there it is2--7breaks the sword7--take it--and with it all ,th' allegiance that ,i owe to ,france2 ay take it2 ,and with it1 take the hope ,i breathe o'er it3 ,that so1 before ,colonna's host1 your arms ,lie crush'd and sullied with dishonour's stain2 ,so1 reft in sunder by contending factions1 ,be your ,italian provinces2 so torn ,by discord and dissension this vast empire2 ,so broken and disjoin'd your subjects' loves2 ,so fallen your son's ambition1 and your pride4 ,,queen 7rising47 ,what ho--a guard within there--,charles of ,bourbon1 ,i do arrest thee1 traitor to the crown4 ,enter ,guard4 ,away with yonder wide-mouth'd thunderer2 ,we'll try if gyves and straight confinement cannot ,check this high eloquence1 and cool the brain ,which harbours such unmannerd hopes4 ,bourbon is forced out4 ,dream ye1 my lords1 that thus with open ears1 ,and gaping mouths and eyes1 ye sit and drink ,this curbless torrent of rebellious madness4 ,and you1 sir1 are you slumbering on your throne2 ,or has all majesty fled from the earth1 ,that women must start up1 and in your council ,speak1 think1 and act for ye2 and1 lest your vassals1 ,the very dirt beneath your feet1 rise up ,and cast ye off1 must women1 too1 defend ye8 ,for shame1 my lords1 all1 all of ye1 for shame1-- ,off1 off with sword and sceptre1 for there is ,no loyalty in subjects2 and in kings1 ,no king-like terror to enforce their rights4 ,meanwhile ,lautrec proposes to his sister ,franoise1 the hand of his friend1 the gallant ,laval2 whilst the fair maiden is importuned by ,francis1 who endeavours to make the poet ,clement ,marot the bearer of his intrigue4 ,in a scene between ,francis and the poet1 the licentious impatience of the ,king1 and the unsullied honour of ,clement are finely contrasted4 ,,francis4 ,i would ,i'd borne the scroll myself1 thy words ,image her forth so fair4 ,,clement4 ,do they1 indeed8 ,then sorrow seize my tongue1 for1 look you1 sir1 ,i will not speak of your own fame or honour1 ,nor of your word to me3 king's words1 ,i find1 ,are drafts on our credulity1 not pledges ,of their own truth4 ,you have been often pleas'd ,to shower your royal favours on my head2 ,and fruitful honours from your kindly will ,have rais'd me far beyond my fondest hopes2 ,but had ,i known such service was to be ,the nearest way my gratitude might take ,to solve the debt1 ,i'd e'en have given back ,all that ,i hold of you3 and1 now1 not e'en ,your crown and kingdom could requite to me ,the cutting sense of shame that ,i endur'd ,when on me fell the sad reproachful glance ,which told me how ,i stood in the esteem ,of yonder lady4 ,let me tell you1 sir1 ,you've borrow'd for a moment what whole years ,cannot bestow--an honourable name4 ,now fare you well2 ,i've sorrow at my heart1 ,to think your majesty hath reckon'd thus ,upon my nature4 ,i was poor before1 ,therefore ,i can be poor again without ,regret1 so ,i lose not mine own esteem4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,francis4 ,excellent4 ,oh1 ye are precious wooers1 all of ye4 ,i marvel how ye ever ope your lips ,unto1 or look upon that fearful thing1 ,a lovely woman4 ,,clement4 ,and ,i marvel1 sir1 ,at those who do not feel the majesty1-- ,by heaven1 ,i'd almost said the holiness1-- ,that circles round a fair and virtuous woman3 ,there is a gentle purity that breathes ,in such a one1 mingled with chaste respect1 ,and modest pride of her own excellence1-- ,a shrinking nature1 that is so adverse ,to aught unseemly1 that ,i could as soon ,forget the sacred love ,i owe to heav'n1 ,as dare1 with impure thoughts1 to taint the air ,inhal'd by such a being3 than whom1 my liege1 ,heaven cannot look on anything more holy1 ,or earth be proud of anything more fair4 ,exit4 ,gonzales1 the monk1 is despatched by the ,queen to ,bourbon in prison4 ,at the door he meets ,margaret1 who had bribed her way to her lover1 and was returning after ineffectual attempts to soothe him into submission1 shame-struck at the exposure of her mother's guilt4 ,the ,queen intrusts ,gonzales with a signet ring as the means of liberating him and conducting him to the royal chamber4 ,bourbon is immovable2 and in revenge upon the ,court1 he falls in with a private scheme of ,gonzales1 which is to accept of his liberty1 and set off to the ,court of ,spain4 ,the undisguising of the treacherous monk is in these powerful lines3 ,,gonzales4 ,now1 ,that day is come1 ay1 and that very hour3 ,now shout your war-cry2 now unsheath your sword2 ,i'll join the din1 and make these tottering walls ,tremble and nod to hear our fierce defiance4 ,nay1 never start1 and look upon my cowl-- ,you love not priests1 ,de ,bourbon1 more than ,i4 ,off1 vile denial of my manhood's pride2 ,off1 off to hell6 where thou wast first invented1 ,now once again ,i stand and breathe a knight4 ,nay1 stay not gazing thus3 it is ,garcia1 ,whose name hath reach'd thee long ere now1 ,i trow2 ,whom thou hast met in deadly fight full oft1 ,when ,france and ,spain join'd in the battle field4 ,beyond the ,pyrenean boundary ,that guards thy land1 are forty thousand men3 ,their unfurl'd pennons flout fair ,france's sun1 ,and wanton in the breezes of her sky3 ,impatient halt they there2 their foaming steeds1 ,pawing the huge and rock-built barrier1 ,that bars their further course--they wait for thee3 ,for thee whom ,france hath injur'd and cast off2 ,for thee1 whose blood it pays with shameful chains1 ,more shameful death2 for thee1 whom ,charles of ,spain ,summons to head his host1 and lead them on ,to conquest and to glory4 ,the interest now reverts to the fate of ,franoise1 and ,bourbon is lost sight of2 a transition which1 both in acting and reading1 endangers the drama4#a ,news arrives of the flight of ,lautrec from his government2 of his arrest1 his imprisonment1 and capital condemnation4#b ,he enjoins his sister to intercede in his behalf with ,francis2 she complies1 but it is at the expense of her honour2 broken-hearted1 she sinks beneath her shame at the crime into which she has been betrayed1 and returns home4 ,francis pursues her1 and the ,queen1 now aware of his passion for her1 dispatches the monk ,gonzales on a secret mission to poison ,franoise1 who1 she fears1 may supplant her in her ascendancy over the ,king4 ,a fine passage occurs in the scene wherein the ,queen proposes her scheme to ,gonzales4 ,,queen4 ,didst ever look upon the dead8 ,,gonzales4 ,ay1 madam1 ,full oft2 and in each calm or frightful guise ,death comes in1--on the bloody battle-field2 ,when with each gush of black and curdling life ,a curse was uttered1--when the pray'rs ,i've pour'd1 ,have been all drown'd with din of clashing arms-- ,and shrieks and shouts1 and loud artillery1 ,that shook the slipp'ry earth1 all drunk with gore-- ,i've seen it1 swoll'n with subtle poison1 black ,and staring with concentrate agony-- ,when ev'ry vein hath started from its bed1 ,and wreath'd like knotted snakes1 around the brows ,that1 frantic1 dash'd themselves in tortures down ,upon the earth4 ,i've seen life float away ,on the faint sound of a far tolling bell-- ,leaving its late warm tenement as fair1 ,as though 'twere th' incorruptible that lay ,before me--and all earthly taint had vanish'd ,with the departed spirit4 ,laval returns from ,italy to claim his bride4 ,in the earlier part of the play1 a hint is given of ,gonzales' rancorous hate of ,laval1 the undercurrent of which is now revealed4 ,gonzales1 beneath the seal of confession1 obtains the secret of the crime of ,franoise4 ,in her presence1 as the betrothed ,laval rushes to embrace his bride1 he taunts him with her guilt4 ,the wretched ,franoise1 in vain conjured to assert her innocence1 stabs herself4 ,the ,king had been followed thither by the ,queen2 both now appear4 ,gonzales riots revenge in one of the most vigorous portions of the drama3 ,,gonzales4 ,look on thy bride6 look on that faded thing1 ,that e'en the tears thy manhood showers go fast1 ,and bravely1 cannot wake to life again6 ,i call all nature to bear witness here-- ,as fair a flower once grew within my home1 ,as young1 as lovely1 and as dearly lov'd-- ,i had a sister once1 a gentle maid-- ,the only daughter of my father's house1 ,round whom our ruder loves did all entwine1 ,as round the dearest treasure that we own'd4 ,she was the centre of our souls' affections-- ,she was the bud1 that underneath our strong ,and sheltering arms1 spread over her1 did blow4 ,so grew this fair1 fair girl1 till envious fate ,brought on the hour when she was withered4 ,thy father1 sir--now mark--for 'tis the point ,and moral of my tale--thy father1 then1 ,was1 by my sire1 in war ta'en prisoner-- ,wounded almost to death1 he brought him home1 ,shelter'd him1--cherish'd him1--and1 with a care1 ,most like a brother's1 watch'd his bed of sickness1 ,till ruddy health1 once more through all his veins ,sent life's warm stream in strong returning tide4 ,how think ye he repaid my father's love8 ,from her dear home he lur'd my sister forth1 ,and1 having robb'd her of her treasur'd honour1 ,cast her away1 defil'd1--despoil'd--forsaken-- ,the daughter of a high and ancient line-- ,the child of so much love--she died--she died-- ,upon the threshold of that home1 from which ,my father spurn'd her--over whose pale corse ,i swore to hunt1 through life1 her ravisher-- ,nor ever from by bloodhound track desist1 ,till line and deep atonement had been made-- ,honour for honour given--blood for blood4 ,the ,queen orders ,gonzales to death2 but the monk accuses her of the intended murder of ,franoise1 and produces her written order to that effect4 ,the ,king can no longer be blind to his mother's crimes2 she is disgraced1 degraded1 and condemned to pass the rest of her days in a convent4 ,here the fourth act1 and the acting play closes4 ,in the fifth ,de ,bourbon reappears4 ,lautrec proposes to join him1 and assassinate the ,king1 in revenge for the ruin of ,franoise4 ,the memorable battle of ,pavia ensues1 and terminates with the death of the ,king and the triumph of ,bourbon4 ,triboulet1 the jester of the ,court of ,francis1 is introduced with some pleasantry1 by way of relief to the darker deeds4 ,we cannot conclude this imperfect sketch better than by the following judicious observations from the ,quarterly ,review3 ,how high ,miss ,kemble's young aspirings have been--what conceptions she has formed to herself of the dignity of tragic poetry--may be discovered from this most remarkable work2 at this height she must maintain herself1 or soar a still bolder flight4 ,the turmoil1 the hurry1 the business1 the toil1 even the celebrity of a theatric life must yield her up at times to that repose1 that undistracted retirement within her own mind1 which1 however brief1 is essential to the perfection of the noblest work of the imagination--genuine tragedy4 ,amidst her highest successes on the stage1 she must remember that the world regards her as one to whom a still higher part is fallen4 ,she must not be content with the fame of the most extraordinary work which has ever been produced by a female at her age1 7for as such we scruple not to describe her ,francis the ,first17--with having sprung at once to the foremost rank1 not only of living actors but of modern dramatists2--she must consider that she has given us a pledge and earnest for a long and brightening course of distinction1 in the devotion of all but unrivalled talents in two distinct1 though congenial1 capacities1 to the revival of the waning glories of the ,english theatre4 #a ,this disadvantage is greater on the stage1 since the audience neither see nor hear more of ,bourbon1 and only four acts of the piece are performed4 ,in the closet it will not be so obvious1 as ,bourbon returns in the fifth act4 #b ,this is an entire variation from history4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spirit ,,of ,,the ,,public ,,journals4 ,,old ,,english ,,music4 ,it was in the course of the sixteenth century that the psalmody of ,england1 and the other ,protestant countries1 was brought to the state in which it now remains1 and in which it is desirable that it should continue to remain4 ,for this psalmody we are indebted to the ,reformers of ,germany1 especially ,luther1 who was himself an enthusiastic lover of music1 and is believed to have composed some of the finest tunes1 particularly the ,hundredth ,psalm1 and the hymn on the ,last ,judgment1 which ,braham sings with such tremendous power at our great performances of sacred music4 ,our psalm-tunes1 consisting of prolonged and simple sounds1 are admirably adapted for being sung by great congregations2 and as the effect of this kind of music is much increased by its venerable antiquity1 it would be very unfortunate should it yield to the influence of innovation3 for this reason1 it is much to be desired that organists and directors of choirs should confine themselves to the established old tunes1 instead of displacing them by modern compositions4 ,towards the end of the sixteenth1 and beginning of the seventeenth1 century1 shone that constellation of ,english musicians1 whose inimitable madrigals are still1 and long will be1 the delight of every lover of vocal harmony4 ,it is to ,italy1 however1 that we are indebted for this species of composition4 ,the madrigal is a piece of vocal music adapted to words of an amorous or cheerful cast1 composed for four1 five1 or six voices1 and intended for performance in convivial parties or private musical societies4 ,it is full of ingenious and elaborate contrivances2 but1 in the happier specimens1 contains likewise agreeable and expressive melody4 ,at the period of which we now speak1 vocal harmony was so generally cultivated1 that1 in social parties1 the madrigal books were generally laid on the table1 and every one was expected to take the part allotted to him4 ,any person who made the avowal of not being able to sing a part at sight was looked upon as unacquainted with the usages of good society--like a gentleman who now-a-days says he cannot play a game at whist1 or a lady that she cannot join in a quadrille or a mazurka4 ,the ,italian madrigals of ,luca ,marenzio and others are still in request3 and among the ,english madrigalists we may mention ,wilbye1 author of ,flora gave me fairest flowers2 ,morley1 whose ,now is the month of ,maying is so modern in its air1 that it is introduced as the finale of one of our most popular operas1 the ,duenna2 and ,michael ,este1 the composer of the beautiful trio1 ,how merrily we live that ,shepherds be4 ,this music retains all its original freshness1 and has been listened to1 age after age1 with unabated pleasure4 ,the glee1 which is a simpler and less elaborate form of the madrigal1--and that amusing jeu d'esprit so well known by the name of ,catch1 made their appearance about the end of the sixteenth century4 ,the first collection of catches that made its appearance in ,england is dated in #afji4--,metropolitan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,benediction ,,on ,,children4 ,,impromptu4 ,by ,thomas ,campbell1 ,esq4 ,imps1 that hold your daily revels ,round the windows of my bower ,would that ,hell's ten thousand devils ,had you in their clutch this hour6 ,screaming1 yelling1 little nasties1 ,would that ,ogres down their maw ,had you cramm'd in ,christmas pasties1 ,that would make ye hold your jaw4 ,saucy imps1 stew'd down to jelly1 ,ye would make a sauce most rare2 ,or with pudding in each belly1 ,rival roasted pig or hare4 ,sweeter than the fish of these is1 ,would be yours1 young human bores2 ,all with apples at your noses1 ,would ,i saw you dish'd by scores6 ,herod slaughter'd harmless sucklings1 ,not with tongues like yours to vex2 ,were he here1 ye ,devil's ducklings1 ,i would bid him wring your necks4 ,metropolitan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dramatic ,,character ,,of ,,the ,,catholic ,,religion4 ,the religion of the south of ,europe is still essentially dramatic2 and it may be questioned how far this adaptation to the genius of the people has tended to perpetuate the influence1 not only of the ,roman ,catholic1 but also of the ,greek church4 ,even in the pulpit1 not merely does the earnest preacher1 by vehement gesticulation1 by the utmost variety of pause and intonation1 act1 as far as possible1 the scenes which he describes2 but the crucifix1 if the expression may be permitted1 plays the principal part2 the ,saviour is held forth to the multitude in the living and visible emblem of his sufferings4 ,the ceremonies of the ,holy ,week in ,rome are a most solemn1 and to most minds1 affecting religious drama4 ,the oratorios1 as with us1 are in general on scriptural subjects2 and operas on themes of equal sanctity are listened to without the least feeling of profanation4 ,nor are the more audacious exhibitions of the dark ages by any means exploded4 ,every traveller on the continent who has much curiosity1 must have witnessed1 whether with devout indignation or mere astonishment1 the strange manner in which scriptural subjects are still represented by marionnettes1 by tableax parlans1 or even performed by regular actors4 ,in the unphilosophized parts of modern ,europe1 these scenes are witnessed by the populace1 not merely with respect1 but with profound interest2 and if they tend to perpetuate superstition1 must be acknowledged likewise to keep alive religious sentiment4 ,but if this be the case in the nineteenth century1 how powerfully must such exhibitions have operated on the general mind in the dark ages6 ,the alternative lay between total ignorance and this mode of communicating the truth4 ,for the general mass of the clergy were then as ignorant as the laity2 and as the wild work1 which in these sacred dramas is sometimes made of the scripture history1 may be supposed to have embodied the knowledge of a whole fraternity1 we may not unfairly conjecture the kind of instruction to be obtained from each individual4 ,the state of language in ,europe must have greatly contributed to the adoption of public instruction1 by means of dramatic representation4 ,the services of the church were in ,latin1 now become a dead language4 ,this originated1 perhaps1 rather in sincere reverence1 and the dread of profaning the sacred mysteries by transferring them into the vulgar tongue1 than in any systematic design of keeping the people in the dark2 for1 from the gradual extinction of the ,latin1 as the vernacular idiom1 and the gradual growth of the modern languages1 there was no marked period in which the change might appear to be called for1 until the question became involved with weightier matters of controversy4 ,the confusion of tongues1 almost throughout ,europe1 before the great predominant languages were formed out of the conflicting dialects1 must greatly have impeded the preaching the ,gospel1 for which1 in other respects1 only a very small part of the clergy were qualified4 ,though1 in these times1 most extraordinary effects are attributed to the eloquence of certain preachers1 for instance1 ,fra4 ,giovanni di ,vicenza1 yet many of the itinerant friars1 the first1 we believe1 who addressed the people with great activity in the vulgar tongue1 must have been much circumscribed by the limits of their own patois4#a ,but the spectacle of the dramatic exhibitions everywhere spoke a common language2 and the dialogue1 which1 in parts of the ,chester mysteries1 is a kind of ,anglicized ,french1 and which1 even if translated into the native tongue1 was constantly interspersed with ,latin1 and therefore1 but darkly and imperfectly understood1 was greatly assisted by the perpetual interpretation which was presented before the eyes4 ,the vulgar were thus imperceptibly wrought up to profound feelings of reverence for the purity of the ,virgin2 the unexampled sufferings of the ,redeemer2 the miraculous powers of the apostles1 and the constancy of the martyrs2 we must add1 7for after all it was a strange ,christianity1 though in every respect the ,christianity of the age17 with the most savage detestation at the cruelty of ,herod or ,pilate1 and the treachery of ,judas2 and the most revolting horror1 at the hideous appearance1 and blasphemous language of the ,prince of ,darkness1 who almost always played a principal part in these scriptural dramas4--,quarterly ,review4 #a ,it is related in the life of ,st4 ,bernard1 that his pale and emaciated appearance1 and the animation and the fire1 which seemed to kindle his whole being as he spoke1 made so deep an impression on those who could only see him and hear his voice1 that ,germans1 who understand not a word of his language1 were often moved to tears4--,neander1 ,der ,heilige ,bernard1 p4 #di4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spirit ,,of ,,discovery4 ,,birmingham ,,railway4 ,the line of the proposed plan for this useful and excellent undertaking has been forwarded to us4 ,we know not whether the projectors are aware that a straight line is no longer necessary1 but that the sharpest turns may now be made on rail-roads by an ,american invention1 lately carried into effect in the ,united ,states with singular success4--,the line of railway will be #aab-a_/b miles4 ,birmingham being between #c and #djj feet higher than ,london1 and the intervening ground much broken1 the railway could not be laid down without an inclination in its planes2 the rise1 however1 will in no case exceed #a in #ccj4 ,the highest point of the line is on the summit of an inclined plane #ae miles long1 rising #ac-a_/c feet in each mile1 and is #cae feet above the level at ,maiden ,lane1 ,london2 from which it is distant #ca miles4 ,the termination at ,birmingham is #bef feet higher than the commencement at ,london4 ,it is intended that there should be #aj tunnels--one at ,primrose ,hill half a mile long1 one near ,watford a mile long1 and one near ,kilsby1 #gh miles from ,london1 a mile and a quarter long4 ,the others are each less than a quarter of a mile in length1 with the exception of one1 which is a third of a mile long4 ,they will all be #be feet in height1 well lighted1 and ought rather to be called galleries than tunnels4 ,the strata through which the railway is carried1 appear generally to follow in this order from ,london3 ,miles4 ,london clay and plastic clay #ae-a_/b ,chalk and chalk flints #ah-a_/b ,chalk1 marl1 weald clay1 iron sand1 and ,oxford clay or clunch clay #bj ,great and inferior oolite limestones1 and sandy beds #ah ,lias marls1 lias limestone or water lime and shale beds #af ,red marl and new red sandstone #bd-a_/b ------- #aab-a_/b ,the railway will be composed of two lines of rails with a space between them of six feet1 but at particular points two additional lines will be required as turns-out to facilitate the passage of the locomotive engines and carriages4 ,if we assume the average rate of travelling on the railway to be #bj miles an hour1 7which is about the mark17 that #a1bjj persons pass along it in a day1 and #abj are conveyed in each train of carriages1 then only ten trains of carriages would be required for all the passengers2 each train would separately take a minute and a half1 and the ten trains not more than fifteen minutes in passing over half a mile of ground4 ,allow twice this time for the passage of cattle and merchandise1 and it is manifest that the traffic on railways can never be a source of annoyance to persons residing near them4 ,all who have travelled in carriages drawn by locomotive steam-engines on the ,liverpool and ,manchester railway can vouch for the safety and comfort1 as well as the expedition1 of this mode of conveyance2 but the strongest evidence of public opinion on this subject is the fact1 that twice as many persons go by the railway1 as were formerly carried in coaches running on the roads between the two places--and yet1 although the expense of travelling is reduced one-half1 and the works of the railway cost more than #hjj1jjjl41 the proprietors are in the receipt of a dividend of #il4 for a year on their #ajjl4 shares6 ,enough has been ascertained of the traffic in the districts through which the ,london and ,birmingham ,railway will pass1 to remove all doubt as to an ample return for the necessary outlay4--,metropolitan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,gatherer4 ,a ,dancing ,archbishop4--,dr4 ,king1 ,archbishop of ,dublin1 having invited several persons of distinction to dine with him1 had1 amongst a great variety of dishes1 a fine leg of mutton and caper sauce2 but the doctor1 who was not fond of butter1 and remarkable for preferring a trencher to a plate1 had some of the abovementioned pickle introduced dry for his use2 which1 as he was mincing1 he called aloud to the company to observe him2 ,i here present you1 my lords and gentlemen1 said he1 with a sight that may henceforward serve you to talk of as something curious1 namely1 that you saw an ,archbishop of ,dublin1 at fourscore and seven years of age1 cut capers upon a trencher4 ,t4,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,singular ,parish4--,in the parish of ,east ,twyford1 near ,harrow1 in the county of ,middlesex1 there is only one house1 and the farmer who occupies it is perpetual churchwarden of a church which has no incumbent1 and in which no duty is performed4 ,the parish has been in this state ever since the time of ,queen ,elizabeth4 ,h4,s4,s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,scandal4--,it is as well not to trust to one's gratitude after dinner4 ,i have heard many a host libelled by his guests1 with his ,burgundy yet reeking on their rascally lips4--,lord ,byron4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a lady with a well plumed head dress1 being in deep conversation with a naval officer1 one of the company said1 it was strange to see so fine a woman tar'd and feathered4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,scolding ,wife4--,dr4 ,casin having heard the famous ,thomas ,fuller repeat some verses on a scolding wife1 was so delighted with them1 as to request a copy4 ,there is no necessity for that1 said ,fuller1 as you have got the original4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bouts ,rims are words or syllables which rhyme1 arranged in a particular order1 and are given to a poet with a subject1 on which he must write verses ending in the same rhymes1 disposed in the same order4 ,menage gives the following account of the origin of this ridiculous conceit4 ,dulot1 7a poet of the #agth century17 was one day complaining in a large company1 that #cjj sonnets had been stolen from him4 ,one of the company expressing his astonishment at the number1 ,oh1 said he1 they are blank sonnets1 or rhymes 7bouts rims7 of all the sonnets ,i may have occasion to write4 ,this ludicrous story produced such an effect1 that it became a fashionable amusement to compose blank sonnets1 and in #afdh1 a quarto volume of bouts rims was published4 99 99 99 99 99 ,poisoned ,arrows used in ,guiana are not shot from a bow1 but blown through a tube4 ,they are made of the hard substance of the cokarito tree1 and are about a foot long1 and the size of a knitting-needle4 ,one end is sharply pointed1 and dipped in the poison of worraia1 the other is adjusted to the cavity of the reed1 from which it is to be blown by a roll of cotton4 ,the reed is several feet in length4 ,a single breath carries the arrow #cj or #dj yards4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sterling ,applause4--,lord ,bolingbroke was so pleased with ,barton ,booth's performance of ,cato1 at ,drury ,lane ,theatre1 in #agab1 that he presented the actor with fifty guineas from the stage-box--an example which was immediately followed by ,bolingbroke's political opponents4 99 99 99 99 99 ,claret has been accused of producing the gout1 but without reason4 ,persons who drench themselves with ,madeira1 ,port1 c4 and indulge in an occasional debauch of ,claret1 may indeed be visited in that way2 because a transition from the strong brandied wines to the lighter1 is always followed by a derangement of the digestive organs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,quarantine in ,america4--,dr4 ,richard ,bayley is the person to whom ,new ,york is chiefly indebted for its quarantine laws4 ,his death was1 however1 by contagion4 ,in ,august1 #ahja1 ,doctor ,bayley1 in the discharge of his duty as health physician1 enjoined the passengers and crew of an ,irish emigrant ship1 afflicted with the ship fever1 to go on shore to the rooms and tents appointed for them1 leaving their luggage behind4 ,the next morning1 on going to the hospital1 he found that both crew and passengers1 well1 sick1 and dying1 were huddled together in one apartment1 where they had passed the night4 ,he inconsiderately entered this room before it had been properly ventilated1 but remained scarcely a moment1 being obliged to retire by a deadly sickness at the stomach1 and violent pain in the head1 with which he was suddenly seized4 ,he returned home1 retired to bed1 and in the afternoon of the seventh day following1 he expired4 99 99 99 99 99 ,shaving is said to have come into use during the reigns of ,louis ,,xiii4 and ,,xiv4 of ,france1 both of whom ascended the throne without a beard4 ,courtiers and citizens then began to shave1 in order to look like the king1 and1 as ,france soon took the lead in all matters of fashion on the continent1 shaving became general4 ,it is at best a tedious operation4 ,seume1 a ,german author1 says1 in his journal1 ,to-day ,i threw my powder apparatus out of the window1 when will come the blessed day that ,i shall send the shaving apparatus after it4 99 99 99 99 99 ,book ,morality4--,dr4 ,beddoes wrote a history of ,isaac ,jenkins1 which was intended to impress useful moral lessons on the labouring classes in an attractive manner4 ,above #dj1jjj copies of this work were sold in a short time4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,bedford ,missal throws even the costly scrap-books of these times into the shade4 ,it was made for the celebrated ,john1 ,duke of ,bedford1 7one of the younger sons of ,henry ,,iv47 and contains #ei large1 and more than #a1jjj small miniature paintings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,bedford ,level was drained at an expense of #djj1jjj4 by the noble family of ,russell1 ,earls and ,dukes of ,bedford1 and others2 by which means #ajj1jjj acres of good land have been brought into use4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,popular ,,science4 ,with many ,engravings1 price #es4 ,,arcana ,,of ,,science ,and ,annual ,register of the ,useful ,arts for #ahcb4 ,abridged from the ,transactions of ,public ,societies1 and ,scientific ,journals1 ,british and ,foreign1 for the past year4 ,this volume will contain all the ,important ,facts in the year #ahca--;in the ,mechanic ,arts1 ,chemical ,science1 ,zoology1 ,botany1 ,mineralogy1 ,geology1 ,meteorology1 ,rural ,economy1 ,gardening1 ,domestic ,economy1 ,useful and ,elegant ,arts1 ,miscellaneous ,scientific ,information4 ,it is with great pleasure that we find the success of the former volumes of this valuable record of whatever is new in science or interesting in art1 such as to encourage its publisher to make fresh exertions for public favour1 in the compilation of the year passed4 ,such a work is exceedingly valuable1 and may be considered in the light of a ,cyclopaedia1 to which the most eminent of their time for talent and attainments are constantly contributing4--,new ,monthly ,magazine4 ,march1 #ahcb4 ,as heretofore1 a very useful record of the improvements and novelties of the year4--,literary ,gazette4 ,the ,arcana of ,science and ,art contains a vast deal of information of an useful kind4--,athenaeum4 ,printed for ,,john ,,limbird1 #adc1 ,strand2 of whom may be had volumes 7upon the same plan7 for #ahbh1 price #ds4 #f;d1 #ahbi--cj--ca1 price #es4 each4 99 99 99 99 99 ,printed and ,published by ,j4 ,,limbird1 #adc1 ,strand1 7near ,somerset ,house17 ,london2 sold by ,,ernest ,,fleischer1 #fbf1 ,new ,market1 ,leipsic2 ,c4,g4 ,,bennis1 #ee1 ,rue ,neuve1 ,st4 ,augustin1 ,paris2 and by all ,newsmen and ,booksellers4