,,the ,,apology    ,by ,xenophon        
,translation by ,h4 ,g4 ,dakyns         
,xenophon the ,athenian was born #dca   
,b4,c4 ,he was a       pupil of         
,socrates4 ,he marched with the         
,spartans1       and was exiled from    
,athens4 ,sparta gave him land       and
 property in ,scillus1 where he lived   
for many       years before having to   
move once more1 to settle       in      
,corinth4 ,he died in #ced ,b4,c4       
,the ,apology describes ,socrates' state
 of mind at       his trial and         
execution1 and especially his view      
that it was better to die before        
senility set in       than to escape    
execution by humbling himself be-       
fore an unjust persecution4 ,xenophon   
was away at       the time1 involved in 
the events of the march of       the ten
 thousand4        ,,preparer',s ,,note  
,this was typed from ,dakyns' series1   
,the ,works of ,xenophon1 a  four-volume
 set4 ,the complete list of ,xenophon's 
works 7though  there is doubt about some

 of these7 is3         ,work            
,number of books         ,the ,anabasis 
#g       ,the ,hellenica                
#g       ,the ,cyropaedia               
#h       ,the ,memorabilia              
#d       ,the ,symposium                
#a       ,the ,economist                
#a       ,on ,horsemanship              
#a       ,the ,sportsman                
#a       ,the ,cavalry ,general         
#a       ,the ,apology                  
#a       ,on ,revenues                  
#a       ,the ,hiero                    
#a       ,the ,agesilaus                
#a       ,the ,polity of the ,athenians 
and the ,lacedaemonians   #b    ,text in
 brackets  is my transliteration of     
,greek text into  ,english using an     
,oxford ,english ,dictionary alphabet   
table4 ,the  diacritical marks have been
 lost4          ,,the ,,apology ,,of    
,,socrates #a    ,among the             
reminiscences of ,socrates1 none1 as it 
seems to me1 is more  deserving of      
record than the counsel he took with    

himself #b 7after  being cited to appear
 before the court71 not only with regard
 to his  defence1 but also as to the    
ending of his life4 ,others have written
 on  this theme1 and all without        
exception have touched upon #c the lofty
  style of the philosopher1 #d which may
 be taken as a proof that the  language 
used by ,socrates was really of that    
type4 ,but none of these  writers has   
brought out clearly the fact that       
,socrates had come to  regard death as  
for himself preferable to life2 and     
consequently there  is just a suspicion 
of foolhardiness in the arrogancy of his
  address4 #e ,we have1 however1 from   
the lips of one of his intimate         
acquaintances1 ,hermogenes1 #f the son  
of ,hipponicus1 an account of him  which
 shows the high demeanour in question to
 have been altogether in  keeping with  
the master's rational purpose4 #g       
,hermogenes says that1  seeing ,socrates
 discoursing on every topic rather than 
that of his  impending trial1 he roundly

 put it to him whether he ought not to  
be  debating the line of his defence1 to
 which ,socrates in the first  instance 
answered3 ,what6 do ,i not seem to you  
to have spent my whole  life in         
meditating my defence8 ,and when        
,hermogenes asked him1 ,how8  he added3 
,by a lifelong persistence in doing     
nothing wrong1 and that  ,i take to be  
the finest practice for his defence     
which a man could  devise4 ,presently   
reverting to the topic1 ,hermogenes     
demanded3 ,do  you not see1 ,socrates1  
how often ,athenian juries #h are       
constrained by  arguments to put quite  
innocent people to death1 and not less  
often to  acquit the guilty1 either     
through some touch of pity excited by   
the  pleadings1 or that the defendant   
had skill to turn some charming  phrase8
 ,thus appealed to1 ,socrates replied3  
,nay1 solemnly ,i tell  you1 twice      
already ,i have essayed to consider my  
defence1 and twice  the divinity #i     
hinders me2 and to the remark of        

,hermogenes1 ,that is  strange6 he      
answered again3 ,strange1 do you call   
it1 that to ,god it  should seem better 
for me to die at once8 ,do you not know 
that up to  this moment ,i will not     
concede to any man to have lived a      
better life  than ,i have2 since what   
can exceed the pleasure1 which has been 
mine1  of knowing #aj that my whole life
 has been spent holily and justly8  ,and
 indeed this verdict of self-approval ,i
 found re-echoed in the  opinion which  
my friends and intimates have formed    
concerning me4 #aa  ,and now if my age  
is still to be prolonged1 #ab ,i know   
that ,i cannot  escape paying #ac the   
penalty of old age1 in increasing       
dimness of  sight and dulness of        
hearing4 ,i shall find myself slower to 
learn new  lessons1 and apter to forget 
the lessons ,i have learnt4 ,and if to  
these be added the consciousness of     
failing powers1 the sting of            
self-reproach1 what prospect have ,i of 
any further joy in living8 ,it  may be1 

you know1 he added1 that ,god out of his
 great kindness is  intervening in my   
behalf #ad to suffer me to close my life
 in the  ripeness of age1 and by the    
gentlest of deaths4 ,for if at this time
  sentence of death be passed upon me1  
it is plain ,i shall be allowed to  meet
 an end which1 in the opinion of those  
who have studied the  matter1 is not    
only the easiest in itself1 but one     
which will cause  the least trouble to  
one's friends1 #ae while engendering the
 deepest  longing for the departed4 ,for
 of necessity he will only be thought of
  with regret and longing who leaves    
nothing behind unseemly or              
discomfortable to haunt the imagination 
of those beside him1 but1  sound of     
body1 and his soul still capable of     
friendly repose1 fades  tranquilly away4
    ,no doubt1 he added1 the gods were  
right in opposing me at that time       
7touching the inquiry1 what ,i was to   
say in my defence71 #af when you  all   
thought the great thing was to discover 

some means of  acquittal2 #ag since1 had
 ,i effected that1 it is clear ,i should
 have  prepared for myself1 not that    
surcease from life which is in store for
  me anon1 but to end my days wasted by 
disease1 or by old age1 on which  a     
confluent stream of evil things most    
alien to joyousness  converges4 #ah     
,no1 he added1 ,god knows ,i shall      
display no ardent zeal to bring  that   
about4 #ai ,on the contrary1 if by      
proclaiming all the blessings  which ,i 
owe to god and men2 if1 by blazoning    
forth the opinion which ,i  entertain   
with regard to myself1 ,i end by        
wearying the court1 even so  will ,i    
choose death rather than supplicate in  
servile sort for leave  to live a little
 longer merely to gain a life           
impoverished in place of  death4    ,it 
was in this determination1 ,hermogenes  
states1 that1 when the  prosecution     
accused him of not recognising the gods 
recognised by the  state1 but           
introducing novel divinities and        

corrupting the young1  ,socrates stepped
 forward and said3 ,in the first place1 
sirs1 ,i am at  a loss to imagine on    
what ground #bj ,meletus asserts that ,i
 do not  recognise the gods which are   
recognised by the state1 since1 as far  
as  sacrificing goes1 the rest of the   
world who have chanced to be present    
have been in the habit of seeing me so  
engaged at common festivals1  and on the
 public altars2 and so might ,meletus   
himself1 if he had  wished4 ,and as to  
novel divinities1 how1 pray1 am ,i      
supposed to  introduce them by stating  
that ,i have a voice #ba from ,god which
  clearly signifies to me what ,i ought 
do do8 ,why1 what else do those  who    
make use of the cries of birds or       
utterances of men draw their            
conclusions from if not from voices8    
,who will deny that the thunder  has a  
voice and is a very mighty omen2 #bb and
 the priestess on her  tripod at ,pytho1
 #bc does not she also proclaim by voice
 the messages  from the god8 ,the god1  

at any rate1 has foreknowledge1 and     
premonishes  those whom he will of what 
is about to be4 ,that is a thing which  
all  the world believes and asserts even
 as ,i do4 ,only1 when they describe    
these premonitions under the name of    
birds and utterances1 tokens #bd  and   
soothsayers1 ,i speak of a divinity1 and
 in using that designation  ,i claim to 
speak at once more exactly and more     
reverentially than they  do who ascribe 
the power of the gods to birds4 ,and    
that ,i am not lying  against the       
,godhead ,i have this as a proof3       
although ,i have reported  to numbers of
 friends the counsels of heaven1 ,i have
 never at any time  been shown to be a  
deceiver or deceived4    ,as they       
listened to these words the judges      
murmured their dissent1  some as        
disbelieving what was said1 and others  
out of simple envy that  ,socrates      
should actually receive from heaven more
 than they  themselves2 whereupon       
,socrates returned to the charge4 ,come1

 he  said1 lend me your ears while ,i   
tell you something more1 so that  those 
of you who choose may go to a still     
greater length in refusing  to believe  
that ,i am thus highly honoured by the  
divine powers4  ,chaerephon #be once1 in
 the presence of many witnesses1 put a  
question  at ,delhi concerning me1 and  
,apollo answered that there was no human
  being more liberal1 or more upright1  
or more temperate than myself4  ,and    
when once more on hearing these words   
the judges gave vent1 as was  only      
natural1 to a fiercer murmur of dissent1
 ,socrates once again  spoke3 ,yet1     
sirs1 they were still greater words     
which the god spake  in oracle          
concerning ,lycurgus1 #bf the great     
lawgiver of ,lacedaemon1  than those    
concerning me4 ,it is said that as he   
entered the temple the  god addressed   
him with the words3 ',i am considering  
whether to call  thee god or man4' ,me  
he likened not indeed to a god1 but in  
excellence #bg preferred me far beyond  

other men4    ,still ,i would not have  
you accept this even on the faith of the
 god  too rashly2 rather ,i would have  
you investigate1 point by point1 what   
the god has said4 ,i ask you1 is there  
any one #bh else1 you know of1  less    
enslaved than myself to the appetites   
#bi of the body8 ,can you  name another 
man of more independent spirit than     
myself1 seeing that ,i  accept from no  
one either gifts or pay8 ,whom have you 
any right to  believe to be more just   
#cj than one so suited with what he has1
 that  the things of others excite no   
craving in him8 #ca ,whom would one     
reasonably deem wise1 rather than such a
 one as myself1 who1 from the  moment ,i
 began to understand things spoken1 #cb 
have never omitted to  inquire into and 
learn every good thing in my power8 ,and
 that ,i  laboured not in vain1 what    
more conclusive evidence than the fact  
that  so many of my fellow-citizens who 
make virtue their pursuit1 and many     
strangers also1 choose my society in    

preference to that of others8 #cc  ,and 
how are we to explain the fact that     
though all know well enough  that ,i am 
wholly unable to repay them in money1 so
 many are eager to  present me with some
 gift8 #cd ,and what do you make of     
this--while no  one dreams of dunning me
 for benefits conferred1 hosts of people
  acknowledge debts of gratitude to     
myself8 ,and what of this1 that  during 
the siege1 #ce while others were pitying
 themselves #cf ,i lived  in no greater 
straits than when the city was at the   
height of her  prosperity8 and of this1 
that while others provide themselves    
with  delicacies #cg of the market at   
great cost1 mine are the dainties of    
the soul more sweet than theirs1 #ch    
procured without expense8 ,if in  all ,i
 have said about myself no one can      
convict me of lying1 is it not  obvious 
that the praise ,i get from gods and men
 is justly earned8 ,and  yet in spite of
 all1 ,meletus1 you will have it that by
 such habits ,i  corrupt the young4 ,we 

know1 ,i fancy1 what such corrupting    
influences  are2 and perhaps you will   
tell us if you know of any one who1     
under my  influence1 has been changed   
from a religious into an irreligious    
man2  who1 from being sober-minded1 has 
become prodigal2 from being a  moderate 
drinker has become a wine-bibber and a  
drunkard2 from being a  lover of healthy
 honest toil has become effeminate1 or  
under the  thrall of some other wicked  
pleasure4    ,nay1 bless my soul1       
exclaimed ,meletus1 ,i know those whom  
you  persuaded to obey yourself rather  
than the fathers who begat  them4 #ci   
,i admit it1 ,socrates replied1 in the  
case of education1 for they  know that  
,i have made the matter a study2 and    
with regard to health a  man prefers to 
obey his doctor rather than his parents2
 in the public  assembly the citizens of
 ,athens1 ,i presume1 obey those whose  
arguments  exhibit the soundest wisdom  
rather than their own relations4 ,and is
 it  not the case that1 in your choice  

of generals1 you set your fathers  and  
brothers1 and1 bless me6 your own selves
 aside1 by comparison with  those whom  
you believe to be the wisest authorities
 on military  matters8    ,no doubt1    
,socrates1 replied ,meletus1 because it 
is expedient and  customary so to do4   
,well then1 rejoined ,socrates1 does it 
not strike even you1 ,meletus1  as      
wonderful when in all ordinary concerns 
the best people should  obtain1 ,i do   
not say only an equal share1 but an     
exclusive preference2  but in my case1  
simply because ,i am selected by certain
 people as an  adept in respect of the  
greatest treasure men                   
possess--education1 ,i am  on that      
account to be prosecuted by you1 sir1 on
 the capital charge8    ,much more than 
this1 it stands to reason1 was urged1   
whether by  himself or by the friends   
who advocated his cause4 #dj ,but my    
object  has not been to mention         
everything that arose out of the suit4  
,it  suffices me to have shown on the   

one hand that ,socrates1 beyond         
everything1 desired not to display      
impiety to heaven1 #da and  injustice to
 men2 and on the other1 that escape from
 death was not a  thing1 in his opinion1
 to be clamoured for importunately--on  
the  contrary1 he believed that the time
 was already come for him to die4  ,that
 such was the conclusion to which he had
 come was made still more  evident later
 when the case had been decided against 
him4 ,in the first  place1 when called  
upon to suggest a counter-penalty1 #db  
he would  neither do so himself nor     
suffer his friends to do so for him1 but
  went so far as to say that to propose 
a counter-penalty was like a  confession
 of guilt4 ,and afterwards1 when his    
companions wished to  steal him out of  
prison1 #dc he would not follow their   
lead1 but would  seem to have treated   
the idea as a jest1 by asking whether   
they  happened to know of some place    
outside ,attica where death was         
forbidden to set foot8    ,when the     

trial drew to an end1 we are told1 the  
master said3 #dd  ,sirs1 those who      
instructed the witnesses that they ought
 to perjure  themselves and bear false  
witness against me1 alike with those who
  listened to their instruction1 must be
 conscious to themselves of a  deep     
impiety and injustice4 #de ,but for     
myself1 what reason have ,i at  the     
present time to hold my head less high  
than ,i did before sentence  was passed 
against me1 if ,i have not been         
convicted of having done any  of those  
things whereof my accusers accused me8  
,it has not been proved  against me that
 ,i have sacrificed to novel divinities 
in place of ,zeus  and ,hera and the    
gods who form their company4 ,i have not
 taken oath by  any other gods1 nor     
named their name4    ,and then the      
young--how could ,i corrupt them by     
habituating them to  manliness and      
frugality8 since not even my accusers   
themselves allege  against me that ,i   
have committed any of those deeds #df of

 which death  is the penalty1 such as   
robbery of temples1 #dg breaking into   
houses1  selling freemen into slavery1  
or betrayal of the state2 so that ,i    
must  still ask myself in wonderment how
 it has been proved to you that ,i  have
 done a deed worthy of death4 ,nor yet  
again because ,i die  innocently is that
 a reason why ,i should lower my crest1 
for that is a  blot not upon me but upon
 those who condemned me4    ,for me1 ,i 
find a certain consolation in the case  
of ,palamedes1 #dh  whose end was not   
unlike my own2 who still even to-day    
furnishes a far  nobler theme of song   
than ,odysseus who unjustly slew him2   
and ,i know  that testimony will be     
borne to me also by time future and time
 past  that ,i never wronged another at 
any time or ever made a worse man of    
him1 #di but ever tried to benefit those
 who practised discussion with  me1     
teaching them gratuitously every good   
thing in my power4    ,having so said he
 turned and went in a manner quite in   

conformity #ej  with the words which he 
had spoken--so bright an air was        
discernible  alike in the glance of his 
eye1 his gesture1 and his step4    ,and 
when he perceived those who followed by 
his side in tears1 ,what  is this8 he   
asked4 ,why do you weep now8 #ea ,do you
 not know that for  many a long day1    
ever since ,i was born1 sentence of     
death was passed  upon me by nature8 ,if
 so be ,i perish prematurely while the  
tide of  life's blessings flows free and
 fast1 certainly ,i and my well-wishers 
should feel pained2 but if it be that ,i
 am bringing my life to a close  on the 
eve of troubles1 for my part ,i think   
you ought all of you to  take heart of  
grace and rejoice in my good fortune4   
,now there was a certain ,apollodorus1  
#eb who was an enthusiastic lover  of   
the master1 but for the rest a          
simple-minded man4 ,he exclaimed very   
innocently1 ,but the hardest thing of   
all to bear1 ,socrates1 is to see  you  
put to death unjustly4 #ec    ,whereupon

 ,socrates1 it is said1 gently stroked  
the young man's head3  ,would you have  
been better pleased1 my dear one1 to see
 me put to  death for some just reason  
rather than unjustly8 and as he spoke he
  smiled tenderly4 #ed    ,it is also   
said that1 seeing ,anytus #ee pass by1  
,socrates remarked3  ,how proudly the   
great man steps2 he thinks1 no doubt1 he
 has  performed some great and noble    
deed in putting me to death1 and all    
because1 seeing him deemed worthy of the
 highest honours of the state1  ,i told 
him it ill became him to bring up his so
 in a tan-yard4 #ef  ,what a scamp the  
fellow is6 he appears not to know that  
of us two  whichever has achieved what  
is best and noblest for all future time 
is  the real victor in this suit4 ,well6
 well6 he added1 ,homer #eg has         
ascribed to some at the point of death a
 power of forecasting things  to be1 and
 ,i too am minded to utter a prophecy4  
,once1 for a brief  space1 ,i associated
 with the son of ,anytus1 and he seemed 

to me not  lacking in strength of soul2 
and what ,i say is1 he will not adhere  
long to the slavish employment which his
 father has prepared for him1  but1 in  
the absence of any earnest friend and   
guardian1 he is like to  be led into    
some base passion and go to great       
lengths in depravity4    ,the prophecy  
proved true4 ,the young man fell a      
victim to the pleasures  of wine2 night 
and day he never ceased drinking1 and at
 last became a  mere good-for-nothing1  
worthless alike to his city1 his        
friends1 and  himself4 ,as to ,anytus1  
even though the grave has closed upon   
him1 his  evil reputation still survives
 him1 due alike to his son's base       
bringing-up and his own want of human   
feeling4    ,socrates did1 it is true1  
by his self-laudation draw down upon him
 the  jealousy of the court and caused  
his judges all the more to record  their
 votes against him4 ,yet even so ,i look
 upon the lot of destiny  which he      
obtained as providential1 #eh chancing  

as he did upon the  easiest amidst the  
many shapes of death1 #ei and escaping  
as he did  the one grievous portion of  
existence4 ,and what a glorious chance1 
moreover1 he had to display the full    
strength of his soul1 for when  once he 
had decided that death was better for   
him than life1 just as  in the old days 
he had never harshly opposed himself to 
the good  things of life morosely1 #fj  
so even in face of death he showed no   
touch of weakness1 but with gaiety      
welcomed death's embrace1 and           
discharged life's debt4    ,for myself  
indeed1 as ,i lay to mind the wisdom of 
the man and his  nobility1 ,i can       
neither forget him nor1 remembering him1
 forbear to  praise him4 ,but if any of 
those who make virtue their pursuit have
  ever met a more helpful friend than   
,socrates1 ,i tender such an one my     
congratulations as a most enviable man4 
,footnotes3  ,footnote #a3 ,or1         
,socrates' ,defence before the ,dicasts4
 ,for the title  of the work see ,grote1

 ,h4 ,g4 viii4 #fda2 ,schneid4 ap4 ,l4  
,dindorf's note  pros tous dikastas1 ed4
 ,ox4 #ahfb1 and ,dindorf's own note2   
,l4 ,schmitz1  ,on the ,apology of      
,socrates1 commonly attributed to       
,xenophon1 ,class4  ,mus4 v4 #bbb foll42
 ,g4 ,sauppe1 ,praef4 vol4 iii4 p4 #aag1
 ed4 ster42 ,j4  ,j4 ,hartman1 ,an4     
,xen4 p4 #aaa foll42 ,e4 ,richter1 ,xen4
 ,stud4 pp4 #fa-if2  ,m4 ,schanz1       
,platos ,apologia4    ,footnote #b3 ,or 
possibly1 his deliberate behaviour4     
,footnote #c3 ,or1 have succeeded in    
hitting off2 done full justice  to4     
,footnote #d3 ,or1 the magniloquence of 
the master4    ,footnote #e3 ,or1 so    
that according to them his lofty speech 
seems  rather foolhardy4    ,footnote   
#f3 ,see ,mem4 ,,iv4 viii4 #d foll41 a  
passage of which this is  either an     
ebauchement or a rechauffe4    ,footnote
 #g3 ,or1 the philosopher's cast of     
thought4    ,footnote #h3 ,dikasteries4 
,footnote #i3 to daimonion4    ,footnote
 #aj3 edein1 i4e4 at any moment4        

,footnote #aa3 ,for the phrase iskhuros 
agamenos emauton1 cf4 ,mem4 ,,ii4  i4   
#ai4    ,footnote #ab3 ,l4 ,dindorf cf4 
,dio ,chrys4 ,or4 #bh1 anagke gar auto  
en  probainonti anti men kallistou      
aiskhrotero gignesthai k4t4l4           
,footnote #ac3 apoteleisthai4 ,in ,mem4 
,,iv4 viii4 #h1 epiteleisthai4          
,footnote #ad3 ,or1 ,god of his good    
favour vouchsafes as my protector  that 
,i should1 etc4 ,for proxenei cf4 ,anab4
 ,,vi4 v4 #ad2 ,soph4 ,o4 ,c4  #dfe1 and
 ,o4 ,t4 #adhc2 and ,prof4 ,jebb's notes
 ad loc4 the god's kindly  offices grant
 to me that ,i should lose my life4     
,footnote #ae3 ,cf4 ,plat4 ,phaed4 #ff4 
,footnote #af3 te tou logou episkepsei4 
,cf4 ,plat4 ,rep4 #def ,c4    ,footnote 
#ag3 ,or1 if emin1 transl4 we all were  
for thinking that the  main thing was4  
,footnote #ah3 ,or1 that sink into which
 a confluent stream of evil  humours    
discharge most incompatible with gaiety 
of mind4 ,schneid4 conj4  eremon sc4    
geras4    ,footnote #ai3 ,or1 ,i will   

give no helping hand to that4           
,footnote #bj3 ,cf4 ,mem4 ,i4 i4 #b4    
,footnote #ba3 ,cf4 ,plat4 ,apol4 #ai4  
,footnote #bb3 ,cf4 ,anab4 ,,iii4 ii4   
#aa2 ,aristoph4 ,birds1 #gbj4           
,footnote #bc3 ,delphi4    ,footnote    
#bd3 ,or1 the objects that meet us4 ,see
 ,prof4 ,jebb ad ,theophr4  ,ch4 xxviii4
 #e4    ,footnote #be3 ,l4 ,dindorf cf4 
,athen4 v4 #bah ,e2 ,hermesianax ap4    
,athen4  xiii4 #eii ,a2 ,liban4 vol4    
iii4 pp4 #cd1 #ce2 ,plat4 ,apol4 #ba ,a2
 ,paus4 i4  #bb4 #h2 ,schol4 ad         
,aristoph4 ,clouds1 #add2 ,grote1 ,h4   
,g4 viii4 #efg  foll4    ,footnote #bf3 
,see ,herod4 i4 #fe3            ekeis1 o
 ,lukoorge1 emon pori piona neon1       
,zeni philos kai pasin ',olumpia domat' 
ekhousi          dizo e se theon        
manteusomai e anthropon4          all'  
eti kai mallon theon elpomai1 o         
,lukoorge4        ,cf4 ,plut4 ,lyc4 #e  
7,clough1 i4 #hi74  ,footnote #bg3 ,or1 
gave judgment beforehand that ,i far    
excelled4    ,footnote #bh3 ,lit4 whom  

do you know1 and so throughout4         
,footnote #bi3 ,cf4 ,plat4 ,phaed4 #ff  
,c4    ,footnote #cj3 ,or1 so attempered
 and adjusted4 ,the phrase savours of   
cynic4 theory4    ,footnote #ca3 ,or1   
present no temptation to him2 lit4 that 
he stands  in no further need of what   
belongs to his neighbours4    ,footnote 
#cb3 ta legomena1 the meaning of words  
and the force of  argument4    ,footnote
 #cc3 ek panton4 ,cf4 ,thuc4 i4 #abj1   
osper kai en allois ek  panton          
protimontai 7oi egemones71 as they      
7leaders7 are first in  honour1 they    
should be first in the fulfilment of    
their duties  7,jowett74    ,footnote   
#cd3 ,the commentators quote ,libanius1 
,apol4 vol4 iii4 p4 #ci1  kai dia touto 
ekalei men ,eurulokhos o ,kharistios1   
ekalei de ,skopas k  ,kranonios1 oukh   
ekista lontes1 upiskhnoumenoi4 ,cf4     
,diog4 ,laert4 ii4 #ca1  ,kharmidou     
oiketas auto didontos1 in' ap' auton    
prosodeuoito1 oukh  eileto4 ,cf4 id4    
#fe1 #gd4    ,footnote #ce3 ,see ,hell4 

,,ii4 ii4 #aj4    ,footnote #cf3        
oikteirein eautous4 ,see ,l4 ,dind4 ad  
loc4 ,for an incident  in point see     
,mem4 ,,ii4 vii4    ,footnote #cg3      
,plat4 ,rep4 iii4 #djd ,d1 refinements  
of ,attic  confectionery4    ,footnote  
#ch3 ek tes psukhes1 possibly by a      
healthy appetite4 ,cf4  ,symp4 iv4 #da4 
,the same sentiment ex ore ,antisthenis4
 ,see ,joel1 op4  cit4 i4 #chb2 ,schanz1
 ,plat4 ,apol4 p4 #hh1 ,s4 #bf4         
,footnote #ci3 ,cf4 ,mem4 ,i4 ii4 #di4  
,footnote #dd3 eipein auton  autos7871  
i4e4 according to  ,hermiogenes4        
,footnote #de3 ,or1 must have a heavy   
load on their minds in the              
consciousness of their impiety and      
injustice4    ,footnote #dj3            
sunagoreuein1 ,l4 and ,s4 cf ,thuc4 vi4 
#f1 partisans1  viii4 #hd1 pleaded the  
case of 7,jowett74    ,footnote #da3    
,or1 laid the greatest stress of not    
being guilty of  impiety2 attached the  
greatest importance to the fact that he 
was  never guilty of impiety4           

,footnote #db3 upotimasthai4 ,see ,l4   
,dind4 cf4 ,cic4 ,orat4 i4 #ed2 the     
technical word is antitimasthai4 ,cf4   
,plat4 ,apol4 #cf ,d2 ,diog4 ,laert4    
ii4 #da4 ,these authorities tell a      
different story4 ,why should these      
stories1 if true1 as no doubt they were1
 be omitted8    ,footnote #dc3 ,cf4     
,plat4 ,crit4 #dd ,b4    ,footnote #df3 
,cf4 ,mem4 ,i4 ii4 #fb4    ,footnote    
#dg3 ,see ,plat4 ,rep4 iii4 #dac ,a4    
,footnote #dh3 ,cf4 ,mem4 ,,iv4 viii4   
#i1 #aj2 ib4 ,,iv4 ii4 #c4 ,see ,plat4  
,rep4 v4 #dgf ,d1 exomen ti             
paramutheisthai auton2 and ,hunting1 i4 
#aa4 ,the story of ,palamedes is told by
 ,ovid1 ,met4 xiii4 #e4    ,footnote    
#di3 ,cf4 ,plat4 ,apol4 #be ,d1 poteron 
eme eisageis deuro os  diaphtheironta   
tous neous kai poneroterous poiounta    
ekonta e akonta4    ,footnote #ej3      
omologoumenos4 ,for the use of the word 
,l4 ,dind4 cf4  ,diog4 ,laert4 vii4 #hg1
 dioper protos o ,zenon en to peri      
anthropou  phuseos telos eipe to        

omologoumenos te phusei zen 7,cicero's  
naturae  convenienter vivere1 ,l4 and   
,s471 whereas the regular ,attic use is 
different4 ,cf4 ,oec4 i4 #aa1 kai       
omologoumenos ge o logos emin khorei    
consentanea ratione4 ,our argument runs 
on all-fours4 ,plat4 ,symp4  #ahf ,b1 to
 nasoun omologoumenos eteron te kai     
anomoion esti1 ut inter  omnes convenit4
    ,footnote #ea3 ,why precisely now8  
,footnote #eb3 ,cf4 ,mem4 ,,iii4 xi4    
#ag2 ,plut4 ,cato min4 #df 7,clough1 iv4
  #dag74 ,see ,cobet1 ,pros4 ,xen4 s4n42
 cf4 ,plat4 ,symp4 #agc2 ,phaed4 #ed    
,a1 #aag ,d2 ,aelian1 ,v4 ,h4 i4 #af2   
,heges4 ,delph4 ap4 ,athen4 xi4 #ejg4   
,footnote #ec3 ,diog4 ,laert4 ii4 #e4   
#ce1 ascribes the remark to ,xanthippe1 
and so ,val4 ,max4 #g4 #b1 ,ext4 #a4    
,footnote #ed3 ,see ,plat4 ,phaed4 #hi  
,b1 where a similar action is           
attributed to ,socrates in the case of  
,phaedo 7his beloved disciple74 ,he     
stroked my head and pressed the hair    
upon my neck--he had a way of  playing  

with my air2 and then he said3          
',to-morrow1 ,phaedo1 ,i suppose  that  
these fair locks of yours will be       
severed4'    ,footnote #ee3 ,son of     
,anthemion4 ,see ,plat4 ,men4 #ij ,b1   
airountai goun  auton epi tas megistas  
arkhas1 ,plut4 ,alc4 #d2 id4 ,coriol4   
#ad2  ,aristot4 ,ath4 ,pol4 #bg1 #be1 re
 to dekazein2 #cd1 #bc4 ,a moderate     
oligarch2 cf4 ,xen4 ,hell4 ,,ii4 iii4   
#db1 #dd2 ,schol4 ,cod4 ,clarkiani ad   
,plat4 ,apol4 #ah ,b ap4 ,l4 ,dind4 ad  
loc42 cf4 ,diod4 xiii4 #fd4    ,footnote
 #ef3 ,cf4 ,plat4 ,apol4 #bc ,e4        
,footnote #eg3 e4g4 ,patroclus dying    
predicts the death of ,hector who had   
slain him1 ,il4 xvi4 #hea foll42 and    
,hector that of ,achilles1 ,il4  xxii4  
#ceh foll4 ,cf4 ,cic4 de ,div4 #a1 #cj4 
,plato1 ,apol4 #ci ,c1 making  ,socrates
 thus address his judges3 to de de meta 
touto epithumo umin  khresmodesai1 o    
katapsephisamenoi mou' kai gar eimi ede 
entautha1 en o  malist' anthropoi       
khresmodousin1 otan mellosin            

apothaneisthai4 ,and  now1 ,o men who   
have condemned me1 ,i would fain        
prophesy to you1 for ,i am  about to    
die1 and that is the hour at which all  
men are gifted with  prophetic power    
7,jowett74    ,footnote #eh3 ,lit4 dear 
to the gods2 highly favoured4           
,footnote #ei3 ,cf4 ,hom4 ,od4 xii4     
#cda1 pantes men stugeroi thanatoi      
deiloisi brotoisin4    ,footnote #fj3   
prosantes1 i4e4 he faced death boldly as
 he had  encountered life's blessings   
blandly4 ,as he had been no stoic to    
repudiate life's blessings1 so he was no
 coward to1 etc4