,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,despite ! sev]ity ) :i* ! au?or ( ?is "w treats ^? :o dep>t f 8 /&>d ( correctness1 ! s\rce text does conta9 a small numb] ( typographical errors4 ,miss+ punctuation has be5 suppli$ sil5tly1 b all o!r errors h be5 left uncorrect$4 ,to let ! read] di/+ui% su* problems f any inadv]t5t transcription errors t rema91 ,i h ins]t$ notes to flag items t appe> errors by ,br[n's own /&>d4 ,spell+s t are simply diff]5t f curr5t practice1 e4g41 ',%akspe>e' are n not$4 ,special *>act]s3 v[els ) macrons are r5d]$ ) an equals sign 77 be=e ! v[el4 ,v[els ) breve m>ks are r5d]$ ) tildes 77 be=e ! v[els4--,,k?4 ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s1 ,,) ,,an ,,introduction ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,critical2 ,,! ,,:ole ,,me?odically ,,arrang$ ,,& ,,amply ,,illu/rat$2 ,,) ,,=ms ,,( ,,correct+ ,,& ,,( ,,p>s+1 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction1 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+1 ,,que/ions ,,= ,,exam9ation1 ,,ex]cises ,,= ,,writ+1 ,,obs]vations ,,= ,,! ,,advanc$ ,,/ud5t1 ,,decisions ,,& ,,pro(s ,,= ,,! ,,settlem5t ,,( ,,disput$ ,,po9ts1 ,,occasional ,,/rictures ,,& ,,def5ces1 ,,an ,,exhibition ,,( ,,! ,,sev]al ,,me?ods ,,( ,,analysis1 ,,& ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,oral ,,ex]cises3 ,,to ,,:i* ,,are ,,add$ ,,f\r ,,app5dixes1 ,,p]ta9+ ,,sep>ately ,,to ,,! ,,f\r ,,p>ts ,,( ,,gramm>4 ,,by ,,goold ,,br[n1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,in/itutes ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>1 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,l9es ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>1 ,,etc4 ,s let great au?ors h _! due1 t ,"t1 :o is ! au?or ( au?ors1 be n depriv$ ( 8 due1 :i* is1 f>!r & f>!r to discov] tru?4--,,"l ,,bacon4 ,,six? ,,edition--,,revis$ ,,& ,,improv$4 ,,enl>g$ ,,by ,,! ,,addition ,,( ,a ,,copi\s ,,index ,,( ,,matt]s4 ,,by ,,samuel ,u4 ,,b]rian1 ,a4 ,m4 ,,preface ,! pres5t p]=mance is1 s f> z ! end c\ld be rea*$1 ! fulfillm5t ( a design1 =m$ ab\t tw5ty-sev5 ye>s ago1 ( "o day pres5t+ to ! _w1 if ,i might1 some?+ l a complete gramm> ( ! ,engli% language2--n a m]e "w ( criticism1 nor yet a "w too tame1 indecisive1 & uncritical2 =1 9 books ( ei!r ( ^! sorts1 our libr>ies already ab\nd2--n a m]e philosophical inve/igation ( :at is g5]al or univ]sal 9 gramm>1 nor yet a m9ute detail ( :at =ms only a "p ( our own philology2 = ei!r ( ^! plans falls v f> %ort ( su* a purpose2--n a m]e grammatical comp5d1 ab/ract1 or compilation1 sort+ ) o!r works already be=e ! public2 =1 9 ! production ( s*ool gramm>s1 ! au?or _h e>ly p]=m$ 8 "p2 &1 ( small treatises on ?is subject1 we h long _h a sup]abundance r ?an a lack4 ,aft] ab\t fifte5 ye>s devot$ *iefly to grammatical /udies & ex]cises1 dur+ mo/ ( :i* "t ,i _h be5 alt]nately in/ruct+ y\? 9 f\r diff]5t languages1 ?9k+ x practicable to effect "s improvem5t ^u ! manuals :i* expla9 our own1 ,i prep>$ & publi%$1 = ! use ( s*ools1 a duodecimo volume ( ab\t ?ree hundr$ pages2 :i*1 ^u ! presumption t its pr9ciples 7 con=mable to ! be/ usage1 & well e/abli%$ !reby1 ,i entitl$1 ,! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,( ?is "w1 :i*1 x is believ$1 has be5 gradually ga9+ 9 reputation & dem& ev] s9ce its fir/ publication1 !re is no occasion to say m "h1 ?an t x 0 ! result ( dilig5t /udy1 & t x is1 ess5tially1 ! nucleus1 or ! gr\ndwork1 ( ! pres5t volume4 ,) mu* additional lab\r1 ! pr9ciples conta9$ 9 ! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 h "h be5 n only reaffirm$ & rewritt51 b occasionally improv$ 9 expression1 or amplifi$ 9 _! details4 ,new topics1 new def9itions1 new rules1 h also be5 add$2 & all p>ts ( ! subject h be5 illu/rat$ by a multiplicity ( new examples & ex]cises1 :i* x has requir$ a long "t to amass & arrange4 ,to ! ma9 doctr9es1 also1 are "h subjo9$ _m new obs]vations & criticisms1 :i* are ! results ( no inconsid]able read+ & reflection4 ,reg>d+ x z my bus9ess & call+1 to "w out ! above-m5tion$ purpose z circum/ances might p]mit1 ,i h laid no claim to g5ius1 none to infallibility2 b ,i h endeav\r$ to be accurate1 & aspir$ to be useful2 & x is a "p ( my plan1 t ! read] ( ?is volume %all nev]1 ?r\gh my fault1 be left 9 d\bt z to ! orig9 ( any ?+ x conta9s4 ,x is b ! duty ( an au?or1 to give e ne$ful facility = a fair e/imate ( 8 "w2 &1 :atev] au?ority !re may be = anonym\s copy+ 9 works on gramm>1 ! prec$5t is always bad4 ,! success ( o!r lab\rs1 answ]able to mod]ate wi%es1 has enabl$ me to pursue ?is task "u fav\rable circum/ances1 & ) an unselfi%1 indep5d5t aim4 ,n ) va+lori\s pride1 b ) rev]5t gratitude to ,god1 ,i ackn[l$ge ?is advantage1 giv+ ?anks = ! signal m]cy :i* has upborne me to ! long-cont9u$ ef=t4 ,_h ! case be5 o!rwise1--_h ! lab\rs ( ! s*ool-room be5 /ill dem&$ = my support1--! pres5t l>ge volume w\ld nev] h appe>$4 ,i _h desir$ "s leisure = ! complet+ ( ?is design1 & to x ,i scrupl$ n to sacrifice ! pr(its ( my ma9 employm5t1 z soon z x c\ld be done )\t haz>d ( add+ ano!r *apt] to ! ,calamities ( ,au?ors4 ,! nature & design ( ?is treatise are p]haps suffici5tly develop$ 9 connexion ) ! v>i\s topics :i* are successively treat$ ( 9 ! ,introduction4 ,t me?od ( tea*+1 :i* ,i conceive to be ! be/1 is also !re describ$4 ,&1 9 ! ,gramm> itself1 !re w be f\nd occasional directions conc]n+ ! mann] ( its use4 ,i h hop$ to facilitate ! /udy ( ! ,engli% language1 n by abridg+ our grammatical code1 or by reject+ ! common phraseolgy sic--,,k? ( its doctr9es1 b by ext5d+ ! =m]1 improv+ ! latt]1 & e/abli%+ bo?2--b /ill m1 by furni%+ new illu/rations ( ! subject1 & arrang+ its va/ numb] ( p>ticul>s 9 su* ord] t e item may be readily f\nd4 ,an o!r important purpose1 :i*1 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w1 has be5 borne con/antly 9 m9d1 & judg$ wor?y ( v p>ticul> att5tion1 0 ! attempt to settle1 s f> z ! mo/ pati5t inve/igation & ! fulle/ exhibition ( pro(s c\ld d x1 ! multitud9\s & vexati\s disputes :i* h hi!rto divid$ ! s5tim5ts ( tea*]s1 & made ! /udy ( ,engli% gramm> s un9vit+1 unsatisfactory1 & unpr(itable1 to ! /ud5t ^: ta/e dem&s a reasonable degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,:5ev] lab\r implies ! ex]tion ( ?\ght1 x does good1 at lea/ to ! /rong3 :5 ! sav+ ( lab\r is a sav+ ( ?\ght1 x enfeebles4 ,! m9d1 l ! body1 is /r5g!n$ by h>d ex]cise3 b1 to give ?is ex]cise all its salut>y effect1 x %\ld be ( a reasonable k9d2 x %\ld lead u to ! p]ception ( regul>ity1 ( ord]1 ( pr9ciple1 ( a law4 ,:51 aft] all ! tr\ble we h tak51 we m]ely f9d anomalies & confusion1 we are disgu/$ ) :at is s uncong5ial3 &1 z our high] faculties h n be5 call$ into action1 !y are n unlikely to be outgr[n by ! l[]1 & ov]borne z x 7 by ! und]wood ( our m9ds4 ,h5ce1 no d\bt1 "o ( ! reasons :y our language has be5 s mu* neglect$1 & :y su* sc&al\s ignorance prevails conc]n+ its nature & hi/ory1 is its unattractive1 di%e>t5+ irregul>ity3 none b ,satan is fond ( plung+ into *aos4--,philological ,museum1 7,cambridge1 ,eng41 #ahcb17 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fff4 ,if !re be any rem$y = ! neglect & ignorance "h spok5 (1 x mu/ be f\nd 9 ! m effectual tea*+ ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,b ! pr9ciples ( gramm> c nev] h any b5eficial influ5ce ov] any p]son's mann] ( speak+ or writ+1 till by "s process !y are made s p]fectly famili>1 t he c apply !m ) all ! read9ess ( a native p[]2 t is1 till he c apply !m n only to :at has be5 said or writt51 b to :atev] he is ab\t to utt]4 ,!y mu/ pres5t !mselves to ! m9d z by intuition1 & ) ! quickness ( ?\ght2 s z to regulate 8 language be=e x proce$s f ! lips or ! p54 ,if !y come only by t>dy recollection1 or are call$ to m9d b z cont+5t aft]?\ghts1 !y are altoge!r too late2 & s]ve m]ely to mortify ! speak] or writ]1 by rem9d+ him ( "s defici5cy or inaccuracy :i* !re may !n be no *ance to am5d4 ,b h[ %all1 or c1 ?is read9ess be acquir$8 ,i answ]1 ,by a c>eful att5tion to su* ex]cises z are fitt$ to br+ ! le>n]'s k into practice4 ,! /ud5t w !re=e f9d1 t ,i h giv5 him some?+ to d1 z well z some?+ to le>n4 ,b1 by ! =mules & directions 9 ?is "w1 he is v c>efully %[n h[ to proce$2 &1 if he be a tol]able read]1 x w be 8 own fault1 if he does n1 by su* aid1 become a tol]able gramm>ian4 ,! *ief ( ^! ex]cises are ! p>s+ ( :at is "r1 & ! correct+ ( :at is wrong2 bo?1 p]haps1 equally important2 & ,i h int5d$ to make !m equally easy4 ,to any real pr(ici5t 9 gramm>1 no?+ c be m free f emb>rassm5t1 ?an ! p]=mance ( ^! ex]cises1 9 all ord9>y cases4 ,= gramm>1 rightly le>n$1 in/itutes 9 ! m9d a c]ta9 k1 or process ( ?\ght1 conc]n+ ! sorts1 prop]ties1 & relations1 ( all ! words :i* c be pres5t$ 9 any intelligible s5t5ce2 &1 ) ! initiat$1 a p]ception ( ! con/ruction w always in/antly foll[ or accompany a discov]y ( ! s5se3 & in/antly1 too1 %\ld !re be a p]ception ( ! error1 if any ( ! words are misspell$1 misjo9$1 misappli$1--or are1 9 any way1 unfai?ful to ! s5se int5d$4 ,?us x is ! great end ( gramm>1 to secure ! p[] ( apt expression1 by caus+ ! pr9ciples on :i* language is con/ruct$1 if n to be con/antly pres5t to ! m9d1 at lea/ to pass ?r\gh x m rapidly ?an ei!r p5 or voice c utt] words4 ,& :]e ?is p[] resides1 !re _c b be a proportionate degree ( critical skill1 or ( ability to judge ( ! language ( o!rs4 ,pres5t :at y w1 gramm> directs ! m9d imm$iately to a consid]ation ( ! s5se2 &1 if prop]ly taught1 always creates a discrim9at+ ta/e :i* is n less (f5d$ by speci\s absurdities1 ?an by ! common blund]s ( cl[ni%ness4 ,e "o :o has any pret5sions to ?is art1 kn[s t1 to p>se a s5t5ce1 is b to resolve x accord+ to "o's und]/&+ ( its import2 & x is equally cle>1 t ! p[] to correct an errone\s passage1 usually dem&s or implies a k ( ! au?or's ?\ght4 ,b1 if p>s+ & correct+ are ( s great practical importance z our fir/ m5tion ( !m sugge/s1 x may be well to be m explicit "h conc]n+ !m4 ,! pupil :o _c p]=m ^! ex]cises bo? accurately & flu5tly1 is n truly prep>$ to p]=m !m at all1 & has no "r to expect f any body a pati5t he>+4 ,a sl[ & falt]+ rehe>sal ( words cle>ly prescrib$1 yet nei!r fairly rememb]$ nor und]/&+ly appli$1 is z =eign f p>s+ or correct+1 z x is f elegance ( diction4 ,divide & conqu]1 is ! rule "h1 z 9 _m o!r cases4 ,beg9 ) :at is simple2 practise x till x becomes famili>2 & !n proce$4 ,no *ild ev] le>n$ to speak by any o!r process4 ,h>d ?+s become easy by use2 & skill is ga9$ by little & little4 ,( ! :ole me?od ( p>s+1 x %\ld be und]/ood1 t x is to be a critical ex]cise 9 utt]ance1 z well z an evid5ce ( previ\s /udy1--an exhibition ( ! le>n]'s atta9m5ts 9 ! practice1 z well z 9 ! !ory1 ( gramm>2 & t1 9 any tol]able p]=mance ( ?is ex]cise1 !re mu/ be an exact adh]5ce to ! tru? ( facts1 z !y occur 9 ! example1 & to ! =ms ( expression1 :i* are prescrib$ z models1 9 ! book4 ,= p>s+ is1 9 no degree1 a "w ( inv5tion2 b :olly an ex]cise1 an ex]tion ( skill4 ,x is1 inde$1 an ex]cise = all ! p[]s ( ! m9d1 except ! inv5tive faculty4 ,p]ception1 judgem5t1 reason+1 memory1 & me?od1 are indisp5sable to ! p]=mance4 ,no?+ is to be guess$ at1 or devis$1 or utt]$ at r&om4 ,if ! le>n] c b rehe>se ! necess>y def9itions & rules1 & p]=m ! simple/ ex]cise ( judgem5t 9 _! application1 he _c b p]ceive :at he mu/ say 9 ord] to speak ! tru? 9 p>s+4 ,8 pr9cipal difficulty is 9 det]m9+ ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,to less5 ?is1 ! trial %\ld comm5ce ) easy s5t5ces1 also ) few ( ! def9itions1 & ) def9itions t h be5 p]fectly le>n$4 ,?is difficulty be+ surm\nt$1 let him foll[ ! =ms prescrib$ = ! sev]al praxes ( ?is "w1 & he %all n err4 ,! directions & examples giv5 at ! head ( ea* ex]cise1 w %[ him exactly ! numb]1 ! ord]1 & ! prop] phraseology1 ( ! p>ticul>s to be /at$2 s t he may g ?r\gh ! explanation ) e advantage :i* a book c af=d4 ,!re is no hope ( him :om ^! aids w n save f plung+ into *aos4 ,( all ! works ( man1 language is ! mo/ endur+1 & p>takes ! mo/ ( et]nity4 ,&1 z our own language1 s f> z ?\ght c project itself into ! future1 seems likely to be coeval ) ! _w1 & to spread va/ly beyond ev5 its pres5t immeasurable limits1 !re _c easily be a nobl] object ( ambition ?an to purify & bett] x4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ffe4 ,x 0 "s ambition ( ! k9d "h meant1 awak5$ by a discov]y ( ! sc&al\s errors & defects :i* ab\nd 9 all our common ,engli% gramm>s1 t prompt$ me to und]take ! pres5t "w4 ,n[1 by ! bett]+ ( a language1 ,i und]/& little else ?an ! ext5sive tea*+ ( its j =ms1 accord+ to analogy & ! g5]al cu/om ( ! mo/ accurate writ]s4 ,?is tea*+1 h[ev]1 may well embrace also1 or be comb9$ )1 an exposition ( ! v>i\s =ms ( false gramm> by :i* inaccurate writ]s h corrupt$1 if n ! language itself1 at lea/ _! own /yle 9 x4 ,) respect to our pres5t ,engli%1 ,i "k n :e!r any o!r improvem5t ( x ought to be attempt$1 ?an ! avoid+ & correct+ ( ^? improprieties & unw>rantable anomalies by :i* c>elessness1 ignorance1 & affectation1 are ev] t5d+ to debase x1 & ! c>eful tea*+ ( its true gramm>1 accord+ to its real importance 9 education4 ,:at fur!r am5dm5t is feasible1 or is wor?y to engage att5tion1 ,i w n pret5d to say2 nor d ,i claim to h be5 compet5t to s mu* z 0 manife/ly desirable )9 ^! limits4 ,b :at ,i lack$ 9 ability1 ,i h endeavor$ to supply by dilig5ce2 & :at ,i c\ld conv5i5tly /r5g!n by bett] au?ority ?an my own1 ,i h n fail$ to support ) all t 0 due1 ( names1 guillemets1 & ref]5ces4 ,l e o!r gramm>ian1 ,i /ake my reputation z an au?or1 ^u a c]ta9 set ( op9ions1 & a c]ta9 mann] ( exhibit+ !m1 appeal+ to ! good s5se ( my read]s = ! correctness ( bo?4 ,all contr>y doctr9es are unavoidably c5sur$ by him :o attempts to su/a9 8 own2 b1 to grammatical c5sures1 no m importance ought to be atta*$ ?an :at belongs to gramm> itself4 ,he :o c>es n to be accurate 9 ! use ( language1 is inconsi/5t ) himself1 if he be (f5d$ at v]bal criticism2 & he :o is displeas$ at f9d+ 8 op9ions reject$1 is equally s1 if he _c prove !m to be well f\nd$4 ,x is only 9 cases susceptible ( a rule1 t any writ] c be judg$ defici5t4 ,i c c5sure no man = diff]+ f me1 till ,i c %[ him a pr9ciple :i* he ought to foll[4 ,accord+ to ,"l ,kames1 ! /&>d ( ta/e1 bo? 9 arts & 9 mann]s1 is ! common s5se ( mank9d1 a pr9ciple f\nd$ 9 ! univ]sal conviction ( a common nature 9 our species4 7,see ,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,*ap1 xxv1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cfd47 ,if ?is is s1 ! doctr9e applies to gramm> z fully z to any ?+ ab\t :i* criticism may conc]n itself4 ,b1 to ! disc]n+ /ud5t or tea*]1 ,i owe an apology = ! abundant condesc5sion ) :i* ,i h notic$ 9 ?is volume ! works ( unskillful gramm>ians4 ,= m5 ( s5se h no natural incl9ation to dwell ^u palpable (f5ces aga9/ ta/e & s*ol>%ip2 nor c !y be easily p]suad$ to approve ! c\rse ( an au?or :o makes x 8 bus9ess to criticise petty productions4 ,& is x n a fact1 t grammatical au?or%ip has sunk s l[1 t no man :o is capable ( p]ceiv+ its multitud9\s errors1 d>es n[ /oop to notice ! mo/ flagrant ( its abuses1 or ! mo/ successful ( its abuses8 ,&1 ( ! quack]y :i* is n[ s preval5t1 :at c be a m natural effect1 ?an a v g5]al contempt = ! /udy ( gramm>8 ,my apology to ! read] !re=e is1 t1 z ! hon\r ( our language dem&s correctness 9 all ! manuals prep>$ = s*ools1 a j exposition ( any t are lack+ 9 ?is po9t1 is a s]vice due to ! /udy ( ,engli% gramm>1 if n to ! au?ors 9 "q4 ,! exposition1 h[ev]1 t ,i h made ( ! errors & defects ( o!r writ]s1 is only an incid5t1 or und]p>t1 ( ! s*eme ( ?is treatise4 ,nor h ,i any:]e exhibit$ blund]s z "o t takes delight 9 _! discov]y4 ,my ma9 design has be51 to prep>e a "w :i*1 by its own complet5ess & excell5ce1 %\ld des]ve ! title "h *os54 ,b1 a compreh5sive code ( false gramm> be+ confess$ly ! mo/ effectual means ( tea*+ :at is true1 ,i h ?\ght fit to supply ?is portion ( my book1 n f anonym\s or unc]ta9 s\rces1 b f ! actual text ( o!r au?ors1 & *iefly f ! works ( pr(ess$ gramm>ians4 ,9 :at reg>ds ! laws ( grammatical purity1 says ,dr4 ,campbell1 ! violation is mu* m conspicu\s ?an ! obs]vance4--,see ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #aij4 ,x !re=e falls 9 ) my ma9 purpose1 to pres5t to ! public1 9 ! foll[+ ample "w1 a cond5s$ mass ( special criticism1 su* z is n else:]e to be f\nd 9 any language4 ,&1 if ! littl5ess ( ! p>ticul>s to :i* ! le>n]'s att5tion is call$1 be reckon$ an objection1 ! au?or la/ quot$ has furni%$ = me1 z well z = himself1 a good apology4 ,! elem5ts :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! huge/ bodies1 are subtile & inconsid]able4 ,! rudim5ts ( e art & sci5ce exhibit at fir/1 to ! le>n]1 ! appe>ance ( littl5ess & insignificancy4 ,& x is by att5d+ to su* reflections1 z to a sup]ficial obs]v] w\ld appe> m9ute & hyp]critical1 t language mu/ be improv$1 & eloqu5ce p]fect$4--,ib41 p4 #bdd4 ,,goold ,,br[n4 ,,lynn1 ,,mass41 #ahea4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,,prelim9>y ,,matt]s4 ,preface to ! ,gramm> ( ,engli% ,gramm>s ,?is ,table ( ,cont5ts ,catalogue ( ,engli% ,gramm>s & ,gramm>ians ,,introduction4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ! ,sci5ce ( ,gramm> ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,grammatical ,au?or%ip ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,grammatical ,success & ,fame ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ! ,orig9 ( ,language ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ! ,p[] ( ,language ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ! ,orig9 & ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,*anges & ,specim5s ( ! ,engli% ,language ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ! ,grammatical ,/udy ( ! ,engli% ,language ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ! ,be/ ,me?od ( ,tea*+ ,gramm> ,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,grammatical ,def9itions ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,brief ,notices ( ! ,s*emes ( c]ta9 ,gramm>s ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s4 ,introductory ,def9itions ,g5]al ,division ( ! ,subject ,,"p ,i4 ,,or?ography4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,lett]s ,i4 ,names ( ! ,lett]s ,,ii4 ,classes ( ! ,lett]s ,,iii4 ,p[]s ( ! ,lett]s ,,iv4 ,=ms ( ! ,lett]s ,rules = ! use ( ,capitals ,errors conc]n+ ,capitals ,promiscu\s ,errors ( ,capitals ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,syllables ,diph?ongs & ,triph?ongs ,rules = ,syllabication ,obs]vations on ,syllabication ,errors conc]n+ ,syllables ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,words ,rules = ! ,figure ( ,words ,obs]vations on ,figure ( ,words ,on ! ,id5tity ( ,words ,errors conc]n+ ,figure ,promiscu\s ,errors 9 ,figure ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,spell+ ,rules = ,spell+ ,obs]vations on ,spell+ ,errors 9 ,spell+ ,promiscu\s ,errors 9 ,spell+ ,*apt] ,v4 ,que/ions on ,or?ography ,*apt] ,,vi ,ex]cises = ,writ+ ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,etymology4 ,introductory ,def9itions ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ! ,p>ts ( ,spee* ,obs]vations on ,p>ts ( ,spee* ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,i ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ! ,articles ,obs]vations on ! ,articles ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,ii ,errors conc]n+ ,articles ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,n\ns ,classes ( ,n\ns ,modifications ( ,n\ns ,p]sons ,numb]s ,g5d]s ,cases ,! ,decl5sion ( ,n\ns ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,iii ,errors conc]n+ ,n\ns ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,adjectives ,classes ( ,adjectives ,modifications ( ,adjectives ,regul> ,comp>ison ,comp>ison by ,adv]bs ,irregul> ,comp>ison ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,iv ,errors conc]n+ ,adjectives ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,pron\ns ,classes ( ! ,pron\ns ,modifications ( ! ,pron\ns ,! ,decl5sion ( ,pron\ns ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,v ,errors conc]n+ ,pron\ns ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,v]bs ,classes ( ,v]bs ,modifications ( ,v]bs ,moods ,t5ses ,p]sons & ,numb]s ,! ,conjugation ( ,v]bs ,i4 ,simple ,=m1 ,active or ,neut] ,fir/ ,example1 ! v]b ,,love ,second ,example1 ! v]b ,,see ,?ird ,example1 ! v]b ,,be ,,ii4 ,comp\nd or ,progressive ,=m ,f\r? ,example1 to ,,be ,,read+ ,obs]vations on ,comp\nd ,=ms ,,iii4 ,=m ( ,passive ,v]bs ,fif? ,example1 to ,,be ,,lov$ ,,iv4 ,=m ( ,negation ,v4 ,=m ( ,"q ,,vi4 ,=m ( ,"q ) ,negation ,irregul> ,v]bs1 ) ,obs4 & ,li/ ,r$undant ,v]bs1 ) ,obs4 & ,li/ ,defective ,v]bs1 ) ,obs4 & ,li/ ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,vi ,errors conc]n+ ,v]bs ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,p>ticiples ,classes ( ,p>ticiples ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,vii ,errors conc]n+ ,p>ticiples ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ,adv]bs ,classes ( ,adv]bs ,modifications ( ,adv]bs ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,viii ,errors conc]n+ ,adv]bs ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,conjunctions ,classes ( ,conjunctions ,li/ ( ! ,conjunctions ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,ix ,errors conc]n+ ,conjunctions ,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,prepositions ,li/ ( ! ,prepositions ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,x ,errors conc]n+ ,prepositions ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,( ,int]jections ,li/ ( ! ,int]jections ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,xi ,errors conc]n+ ,int]jections ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,que/ions on ,etymology ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,ex]cises = ,writ+ ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,syntax4 ,introductory ,def9itions ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,s5t5ces ,! ,rules ( ,syntax ,g5]al or ,critical ,obs4 on ,syntax ,! ,analyz+ ( ,s5t5ces ,! sev]al ,me?ods ( ,analysis ,obs]vations on ,me?ods ( ,analysis ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,xii ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ! ,articles ,rule ,i4 ,syntax ( ,articles ,obs]vations on ,rule ,i ,notes to ,rule ,i2 #ag ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,notes to ,rule ,i ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,cases1 or ,n\ns ,rule ,,ii4 ,( ,nom9atives ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,ii ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,ii ,rule ,,iii4 ,( ,apposition ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,iii ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,iii ,rule ,,iv4 ,( ,possessives ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,iv ,notes to ,rule ,,iv2 #e ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,notes to ,rule ,,iv ,rule ,v4 ,( ,objectives aft] ,v]bs ,obs]vations on ,rule ,v ,notes to ,rule ,v2 #h ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,v ,rule ,,vi4 ,( ,same ,cases ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,vi ,notes to ,rule ,,vi2 #b ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,vi ,rule ,,vii4 ,( ,objectives aft] ,prepositions ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,vii ,note to ,rule ,,vii2 #a only ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,vii ,rule ,,viii4 ,( ,nom9atives ,absolute ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,viii ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,viii ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,adjectives ,rule ,,ix4 ,( ,adjectives ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,ix ,notes to ,rule ,,ix2 #af ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,ix ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,pron\ns ,rule ,x4 ,pron\n & ,antec$5t ,obs]vations on ,rule ,x ,notes to ,rule ,x2 #af ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,x ,rule ,,xi4 ,pron\n & ,collective ,n\n ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xi ,notes to ,rule ,,xi2 #b ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xi ,rule ,,xii4 ,pron\n aft] ,,& ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xii ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xii ,rule ,,xiii4 ,pron\n aft] ,,or or ,,nor ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xiii ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xiii ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,v]bs ,rule ,,xiv4 ,v]b & ,nom9ative ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xiv ,notes to ,rule ,,xiv2 #aj ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xiv ,rule ,,xv4 ,v]b & ,collective ,n\n ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xv ,note to ,rule ,,xv2 #a only ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xv ,rule ,,xvi4 ,! ,v]b aft] ,,& ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xvi ,notes to ,rule ,,xvi2 #g ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xvi ,rule ,,xvii4 ,! ,v]b ) ,,or or ,,nor ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xvii ,notes to ,rule ,,xvii2 #ae ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xvii ,rule ,,xviii4 ,( ,inf9itives ) ,,to ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xviii ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xviii ,rule ,,xix4 ,( ,inf9itives )\t ,,to ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xix ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xix ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,p>ticiples ,rule ,,xx4 ,syntax ( ,p>ticiples ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xx ,notes to ,rule ,,xx2 #ac ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xx ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ,adv]bs ,rule ,,xxi4 ,relation ( ,adv]bs ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xxi ,notes to ,rule ,,xxi2 #aj ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xxi ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,conjunctions ,rule ,,xxii4 ,use ( ,conjunctions ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xxii ,notes to ,rule ,,xxii2 #h ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xxii ,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,prepositions ,rule ,,xxiii4 ,use ( ,prepositions ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xxiii ,notes to ,rule ,,xxiii2 #e ( !m ,false ,syntax "u ,rule ,,xxiii ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,( ,int]jections ,rule ,,xxiv4 ,= ,int]jections ,obs]vations on ,rule ,,xxiv ,false ,syntax ,promiscu\s ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,xiii ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,g5]al ,review ,false ,syntax = a ,g5]al ,review ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,g5]al ,rule ( ,syntax ,critical ,notes to ! ,g5]al ,rule ,g5]al ,obs]vations on ! ,syntax ,false ,syntax "u ! ,g5]al ,rule ,false ,syntax "u ! ,critical ,notes ,promiscu\s ,examples ( ,false ,syntax ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,que/ions on ,syntax ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,ex]cises = ,writ+ ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,prosody4 ,introductory ,def9itions & ,obs]vations ,*apt] ,i4 ,punctuation ,obs4 on ,pauses1 ,po9ts1 ,names1 c4 ,section ,i4 ,! ,comma2 its #ag ,rules ,errors conc]n+ ! ,comma ,section ,,ii4 ,! ,semicolon2 its #c ,rules ,errors conc]n+ ! ,semicolon ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,section ,,iii4 ,! ,colon2 its #c ,rules ,errors conc]n+ ! ,colon ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,section ,,iv4 ,! ,p]iod2 its #h ,rules ,obs]vations on ! ,p]iod ,errors conc]n+ ! ,p]iod ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,section ,v4 ,! ,da%2 its #c ,rules ,obs]vations on ! ,da% ,errors conc]n+ ! ,da% ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,section ,,vi4 ,! ,eroteme2 its #c ,rules ,obs]vations on ! ,eroteme ,errors conc]n+ ! ,eroteme ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,section ,,vii4 ,! ,ecphoneme2 its #c ,rules ,errors conc]n+ ! ,ecphoneme ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,section ,,viii4 ,! ,curves2 & _! #b ,rules ,errors conc]n+ ! ,curves ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,section ,,ix4 ,! ,o!r ,m>ks ,mix$ ,examples ( ,error ,bad ,engli% ,badly ,po9t$ ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,utt]ance ,section ,i4 ,( ,articulation ,article ,i4 ,( ! ,def9ition ,article ,,ii4 ,( ,good ,articulation ,section ,,ii4 ,( ,pronunciation ,article ,i4 ,p[]s ( ,lett]s ,article ,,ii4 ,( ,quantity ,article ,,iii4 ,( ,acc5t ,section ,,iii4 ,( ,elocution ,article ,i4 ,( ,emphasis ,article ,,ii4 ,( ,pauses ,article ,,iii4 ,( ,inflections ,article ,,iv4 ,( ,tones ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,figures ,section ,i4 ,figures ( ,or?ography ,section ,,ii4 ,figures ( ,etymology ,section ,,iii4 ,figures ( ,syntax ,section ,,iv4 ,figures ( ,rhetoric ,section ,v4 ,examples = ,p>s+1 ,praxis ,,xiv ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,v]sification ,section ,i4 ,( ,v]se ,def9itions & ,pr9ciples ,obs]vations on ,v]se ,section ,,ii4 ,( ,acc5t & ,quantity ,section ,,iii4 ,( ,poetic ,feet ,critical ,obs]vations on ,!ories ,section ,,iv4 ,( ! ,k9ds ( ,v]se ,ord] ,i4 ,iambic ,v]se2 its #h ,measures ,ord] ,,ii4 ,tro*aic ,v]se2 its ,nature ,obs]vations on ,tro*aic ,metre ,tro*aics %[n 9 _! #h ,measures ,ord] ,,iii4 ,anape/ic ,v]se2 its #d ,measures ,obs]vations on ! ,%ort ,anape/ics ,ord] ,,iv4 ,dactylic ,v]se2 its #h ,measures ,obs]vations on ,dactylics ,ord] ,v4 ,composite ,v]se ,obs]vations on ,composites ,section ,v4 ,improprieties = ,correction ,*apt] ,v4 ,que/ions on ,prosody ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,ex]cises = ,writ+ ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,oral ,,ex]cises4 ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,i4--,,or?ography4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,lett]s2 ,capitals ,corrections "u ea* ( ! #af ,rules ,promiscu\s corrections ( ,capitals ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,syllables ,corrections ( ,false ,syllabication ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ! ,figure ( ,words ,corrections "u ea* ( ! #f ,rules ,promiscu\s corrections ( ,figure ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,spell+ ,corrections "u ea* ( ! #ae ,rules ,promiscu\s corrections ( ,spell+ ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,,ii--,,etymology4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ! ,p>ts ( ,spee* ,rem>k conc]n+ ,false ,etymology ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,articles2 #e ,lessons ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,n\ns2 #c ,lessons ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,adjectives2 #c ,lessons ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,pron\ns2 #c ,lessons ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,v]bs2 #c ,lessons ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,p>ticiples2 #c ,lessons ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ,adv]bs2 #a ,lesson ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,conjunctions2 #a ,lesson ,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,prepositions2 #a ,lesson ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,( ,int]jections2 #a ,lesson ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,,iii4--,,syntax4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,s5t5ces2 ,rem>k ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,articles4 ,corrections "u ! #ag ,notes to ,rule #a ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,cases1 or ,n\ns ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,ii2 ( ,nom9atives ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,iii2 ( ,apposition ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,iv2 ( ,possessives ,cor4 "u ,rule ,v2 ( ,objectives ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,vi2 ( ,same ,cases ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,vii2 ( ,objectives ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,viii2 ( ,nom4 ,absolute ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,adjectives4 ,corrections "u ! #af ,notes to ,rule ,,ix ,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,pron\ns4 ,corrections "u ,rule ,x & its #af ,notes ,corrections "u ,rule ,,xi2 ( ,pron\ns ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,xii2 ( ,pron\ns ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,xiii2 ( ,pron\ns ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,v]bs4 ,corrections "u ,rule ,,xiv & its #aj ,notes ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,xv & its ,note ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,xvi & its #g ,notes ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,xvii & its #ae ,notes ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,xviii2 ( ,inf9itives ,cor4 "u ,rule ,,xix2 ( ,inf9itives ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,p>ticiples4 ,corrections "u ! #ac ,notes to ,rule ,,xx ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ,adv]bs4 ,corrections "u ! #aj ,notes to ,rule ,,xxi ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,conjunctions4 ,corrections "u ! #h ,notes to ,rule ,,xxii ,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,prepositions4 ,corrections "u ! #e ,notes to ,rule ,,xxiii ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,promiscu\s ,ex]cises4 ,corrections ( ! #h ,lessons ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,g5]al ,review4 ,corrections "u all ! prec$+ ,rules & ,notes2 #ah ,lessons ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,g5]al ,rule4 ,corrections "u ! ,g5]al ,rule2 #af ,lessons ,corrections "u ! ,critical ,notes ,promiscu\s ,corrections ( ,false ,syntax2 #e ,lessons1 "u ,v>i\s ,rules ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,,iv4--,,prosody4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,punctuation ,section ,i4 ,! ,comma2 ,corrections "u its #ag ,rules ,section ,,ii4 ,! ,semicolon2 ,corrections "u its #h ,rules ,mix$ ,examples ,correct$ ,section ,,iii4 ,! ,colon2 ,corrections "u its #h ,rules ,mix$ ,examples ,correct$ ,section ,,iv4 ,! ,p]iod2 ,corrections "u its #h ,rules ,mix$ ,examples ,correct$ ,section ,v4 ,! ,da%2 ,corrections "u its #h ,rules ,mix$ ,examples ,correct$ ,section ,,vi4 ,! ,eroteme2 ,corrections "u its #c ,rules ,mix$ ,examples ,correct$ ,section ,,vii4 ,! ,ecphoneme2 ,corrections "u its #c ,rules ,mix$ ,examples ,correct$ ,section ,,viii4 ,! ,curves2 ,corrections "u _! #b ,rules ,mix$ ,examples ,correct$ ,section ,,ix4 ,all ,po9ts2 ,corrections ,good ,engli% ,rightly ,po9t$ ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,utt]ance2 no ,corrections ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,figures2 no ,corrections ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,v]sification4 ,false ,prosody1 or ,errors ( ,metre1 ,correct$ ,,! ,,f\r ,,app5dixes4 ,app5dix ,i4 7,to ,or?ography47 ,( ! ,s\nds ( ! ,lett]s ,app5dix ,,ii4 7,to ,etymology47 ,( ! ,d]ivation ( ,words ,app5dix ,,iii4 7,to ,syntax47 ,( ! ,qualities ( ,/yle ,app5dix ,,iv4 7,to ,prosody47 ,( ,poetic ,diction2 its ,peculi>ities ,,index ,,( ,,matt]s4 ,a ,,dige/$ ,,catalogue ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s ,,& ,,gramm>ians1 ,,) ,,"s ,,collat]al ,,works ,,& ,,au?orities1 ,,especially ,,su* ,,z ,,are ,,cit$ ,,9 ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s4 ,,adam1 ,,alex&]1 ,,ll4 ,d42 ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #cjb3 ,ed9burgh1 #aggb2 ,bo/on1 #ahjc4 ,,adams1 ,,john ,,qu9cy1 ,,ll4 ,d42 ,lectures on ,rhetoric & ,oratory2 #b vols41 #hvo3 ,cambridge1 ,n4 ,e41 #ahaj4 ,,adams1 ,rev4 ,,*>les1 ,a4 ,m42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #agb3 #a/ ,edition1 ,bo/on1 #ahch4 ,,adams1 ,,daniel1 ,m4 ,b42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #ajc3 #c;d ,edition1 ,montpeli]1 ,vt41 #ahad4 ,,adams1 ,e42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #adc4 ,leice/]1 ,mass41 #a/ ,ed41 #ahjf2 #e? ,ed41 #ahba4 ,,aick91 ,,joseph2 ,engli% ,gramm>1 #hvo3 ,london1 #afic4 ,,a9swor?1 ,,rob]t2 ,lat9 & ,engli% ,diction>y1 #dto3 #a/ ,ed41 #agcf2 revis$ ,ed41 ,lond41 #ahbc4 ,,a9swor?1 ,,lu!r2 ,a ,practical ,sy/em ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #add3 #a/ ,ed41 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 #ahcg4 ,,ald51 ,,abn]1 ,a4 ,m42 ,gramm> ,made ,easy2 #abmo1 pp4 #ahj3 #a/ ,ed41 ,bo/on1 #ahaa4 ,,ald51 ,rev4 ,,timo?y1 ,jun42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #cf3 #a/ ,ed41 ,bo/on1 #ahaa4 ,,aldri*1 ,w42 ,lectures on ,engli% ,gramm> & ,rhetoric1 = ,common ,s*ools1 ,academies1 c42 #ahmo1 pp4 #fh3 #aa? ,ed41 ,bo/on1 #ahdg4 ,,alex&]1 ,,caleb1 ,a4 ,m42 7#a47 ,grammatical ,elem5ts1 publi%$ be=e #agid4 7#b47 ,a ,grammatical ,in/itute ( ! ,lat9 ,language2 #abmo1 pp4 #acb3 ,worce/]1 ,mass41 #agid4 7#c47 ,a ,grammatical ,sy/em ( ! ,engli% ,language2 #abmo1 pp4 #if2 writt5 at ,m5don1 ,mass41 #agie3 #aj? ,ed41 ,ke5e1 ,n4 ,h41 #ahad4 ,also1 7#d47 ,an ,introduction to ,lat91 #agie2 &1 7#e47 ,an ,introduction to ! ,speak+ & ,writ+ ( ,engli%4 ,,alex&]1 ,,samuel2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #baf3 #d? ,edition1 ,london1 #ahcb4 ,,alg]1 ,,israel1 ,jun41 ,a4 ,m42 ,abridgem5t ( ,murray's ,e4 ,gram41 c42 #ahmo1 pp4 #abf3 ,bo/on1 #ahbd & #ahdb4 ,,all51 ,rev4 ,,william1 ,m4 ,a42 ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 c42 #ahmo3 ,london4 ,also1 ,! ,elem5ts ( ,engli% ,gramm>4 c42 #abmo1 pp4 #deg3 ,london1 #ahac2 #b;d ,ed41 ,,all5 & ,,cornwell2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #afb3 #c;d ,edition1 ,london1 #ahda4 ,,all51 ,d4 ,,cav]no2 ,grammatic ,guide1 or ,common ,s*ool ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #id3 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahdg4 ,,&rew1 ,,james1 ,,ll4 ,d42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #hvo1 pp4 #abi3 ,london1 #ahag4 ,,&rews ,,/odd>d2 ,a ,gramm> ( ! ,lat9 ,language2 #abmo1 pp4 #cbh3 ,bo/on1 #ahcf2 #aa? ,ed41 #ahde4 ,,angell1 ,,oliv]1 ,a4 ,m42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #ij3 #a/ ,edition1 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i41 #ahcj4 ,,angus1 ,,william1 ,m4 ,a42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #bee3 #b;d ,edition1 ,glasg[1 ,scotl&1 #ahjg4 ,,anon42 ,! ,briti% ,gramm>2 #hvo1 pp4 #bha3 ,london1 #agfj1 or ne> t date4 ,bo/on1 ,mass41 #aghd4 ,,anon42 ,a ,compreh5sive ,gramm>1 c42 #ahmo1 pp4 #agd3 #c;d ,ed41 ,philadelphia1 ,t4 ,dobson1 #aghi4 ,,anon42 ,! ,comic ,gramm>1 c13 ,london1 #ahdj4 ,,anon42 ,! ,decoy1 an ,engli% ,gramm> ) ,cuts2 #abmo1 pp4 #cc3 ,new ,york1 ,s4 ,wood ,sons1 #ahbj4 ,,anon43 ,e4 ,gram41 ,by ,t4 ,c42 #ahmo1 pp4 #ajd3 ,london1 #ahdc4 ,,anon42 ,gramm> & ,rhetoric2 #abmo1 pp4 #bba3 ,london1 #aggf4 ,,anon42 ,! ,engli% ,tutor2 #hvo3 ,london1 #agdg4 ,,anon42 ,engli% ,gramm>1 #abmo3 ,london1 ,boosey1 #agie4 ,,anon42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #afa3 ,london1 #ahch4 ,,anon42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #he3 ,london1 #ahch4 ,,anon42 ,an ,engli% ,gramm>1 ) ,engrav+s2 #ahmo1 pp4 #af3 ,london1 #ahbj4 ,,anon42 ,engli% ,gramm>1 pp4 #hd3 #a/ ,ed41 ,hudd]sfield1 #ahag4 ,,anon43 ,! ,ess5tials ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ajh3 #c;d ,edition1 ,london1 #ahba4 ,,anon42 ,a ,pla9 & ,compreh5sive ,gramm>1 9 ,! ,complete ,lett]-,writ]2 #abmo1 pp4 #ca2--pages ( ! :ole book1 #bae3 ,london1 #ahaa4 ,,anon42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #aca3 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahai4 ,,anon42 7,a4 ,h4 ,maltby ,co4 pub427 ,murray's ,abridgem5t1 ) ,additions2 #ahmo1 pp4 #abj3 ,ne:av51 ,ct41 #ahbb4 ,,anon42 7,james ,lor+1 pub427 ,murray's ,abridgem5t1 ) ,alt]ations & ,improvem5ts2 by a ,tea*] ( ,y\?2 7,lawson ,lyon27 #ahmo1 pp4 #gb3 #ad? ,ed41 ,bo/on1 #ahba4 ,,anon42 ,! ,infant ,s*ool ,gramm>2 7said to h be5 writt5 by ,mrs4 ,be?une27 #ahmo1 pp4 #ahb3 ,new ,york1 #ahcj4 ,jona?an ,seym\r1 proprietor4 ,,anon42 ,pe/alozzian ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #fj3 ,bo/on1 #ahcj4 ,,anon42 ,int]rogative ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #gj3 ,bo/on1 #ahcb4 ,,anon42 ,gramm> ) ,cuts2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ajh3 ,bo/on1 #ahcj4 ,,anon42 ,! ,juv5ile ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #hi3 ,bo/on1 #ahbi4 ,b4 ,p]k9s ,co41 publi%]s & proprietors4 ,,anon42 ,! ,little ,gramm>ian2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ajh3 #b;d ,edition1 ,bo/on1 #ahbi4 ,,anon42 ,an ,inductive ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #ahe3 ,w9dsor1 ,vt41 #ahbi4 ,,anon42 ,a ,concise ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 attempt$ 9 ,v]se2 #ahmo1 pp4 #fc3 #a/ ,edition1 ,new ,york1 #ahbe4 ,,anon42 ,edw>d's ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ajh3 #a/ ,ed41 ,bo/on1 ,t4 ,h4 ,webb ,co41 #ahdc4 ,,anon42 ,! 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,engli% ,language2 #abmo1 pp1 #adj3 #a/ ,edition1 ,bo/on1 #ahci4 ,,baldw91 ,,edw>d2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #adh3 ,london1 #ahaj2 #b;d ,ed41 #ahbd4 ,,b>b]1 ,dr4 ,,jona?an2 ,a ,gramm> ( ,elocution2 #abmo2 ,ne:av51 #ahcj4 ,,b>n>d1 ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,p41 ,a4 ,m42 ,analytic ,gramm>2 ) ,symbolic ,illu/ration2 #abmo1 pp4 #bfd3 ,new ,york1 #ahcf4 ,?is is a curi\s "w1 & rem>kably well-writt54 ,,b>nes1 ,,daniel ,h41 ( ,n4 ,y42 ,! ,r$ ,book1 or ,be>cr(t's ,practical ,or?ography1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$2 #abmo1 pp4 #cdg3 ,new ,york1 #ahbh4 ,,b>nes1 ,,william1 ,b4 ,d42 7#a47 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #abj3 ,london1 #ahdb4 7#b47 ,a ,philological ,gramm>1 gr\nd$ ^u ,engli%1 & =m$ f a ,comp>ison ( m ?an ,sixty ,languages2 #hvo1 pp4 #cab3 ,london1 #ahed4 ,,b>rett1 ,,john2 ,a ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language2 #ahmo1 pp4 #bad3 #b;d ,ed41 ,bo/on1 #ahai4 ,,b>rett1 ,,solomon1 ,jun42 7#a47 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,language2 #abmo1 pp4 #abj3 ,albany1 #ahcg4 7#b47 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #if2 ,t5? ,edition1 ,revis$3 ,utica1 #ahde4 7#c47 ,! 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,engli% ,tongue2 #abmo1 pp4 #hjj3 #g? ,ed41 ,london1 #agdh4 ,,britta91 ,rev4 ,,lewis2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #aef3 #b;d ,edition1 ,london1 #agij4 ,,bromley1 ,,walt]2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ajd3 #a/ ,ed41 ,halifax1 ,n4 ,s41 #ahbb4 ,,br[n1 ,,goold2 7#a47 ,! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #bbj-cab3 ,new ,york1 #a/ ,ed41 #ahbc2 /]eotyp$ 9 #ahcb1 & aga9 9 #ahdf4 7#b47 ,! ,fir/ ,l9es ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 e>ly copies #ahmo1 late copies #abmo1 pp4 #ajh3 ,new ,york1 #a/ ,ed41 #ahbc2 /]eotyp$ 9 #ahbg1 & 9 #ahdd4 7#c47 ,a ,key to ! ,ex]cises = ,writ+1 conta9$ 9 ! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #ea3 ,new ,york1 #ahbe4 7#d47 ,a ,cate*ism ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #gb3 ,new ,york1 #ahbg4 7#e47 ,a ,comp5di\s ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #bb3 79 ,"p ,i ( ! ,treasury ( ,k37 ,new ,york1 #ahca4 7#f47 ,! ,gramm> ( ,engli% ,gramm>s2 #hvo1 pp4 #ajbh2 fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahej & #ahea4 ,,br[n1 ,,james2 7#a47 ,an ,explanation ( ,e4 ,gramm> z taught by an ,exp5sive ,ma*9e2 #hvo1 pp4 #dj3 #a/ ,ed41 ,bo/on1 #ahae4 7#b47 ,! 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,e4 ,l42 #abmo1 pp4 #ahj3 ,ne:av51 #ahca4 7#e47 ,an ,am]ican ,diction>y ( ! ,e4 ,l41 #dto2 & an ,abridgem5t1 #hvo4 ,,wel*1 ,a4 ,s42 ,analysis ( ! ,engli% ,s5t5ce2 #abmo1 pp4 #bfd3 ,new ,york1 #ahed4 ,( no value4 ,,weld1 ,,all5 ,h41 ,a4 ,m42 7#a47 ,engli% ,gramm> ,illu/rat$2 #abmo1 pp4 #bbh3 ,portl&1 ,me41 #ahdf2 #b;d ,ed41 #ahdg3 ,abridg$ ,edition1 ,bo/on1 #ahdi4 ,improv$ ,edition1 mu* alt]$3 ,portl&1 #aheb4 7#b47 ,p>s+ ,book1 conta9+ ,rules ( ,syntax1 c42 #ahmo1 pp4 #aab3 ,portl&1 #ahdg4 ,,wells1 ,,william ,h41 ,m4 ,a42 ,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #bbj3 #a/ ,ed41 ,&ov]1 #ahdf2 #aac? ,?\s&1 #ahej4 ,,:ite1 ,,mr4 ,,james2 ,! ,engli% ,v]b2 #hvo1 pp4 #cjb3 #a/ ,ed41 ,london1 #agfa4 ,,:it+1 ,,joseph1 ,a4 ,m42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo3 ,detroit1 #ahde4 ,,:itwor?1 ,t42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #baf3 #a/ ,ed41 ,london1 #ahai4 ,,wickes1 ,,edw>d ,,walt]2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ajf3 #b;d ,ed41 ,london1 #ahda4 ,,wilb] ,,liv+/on2 ,! ,grammatical ,alphabet2 7) a ,*>t27 #ahmo1 pp4 #cf3 #b;d ,ed41 ,albany1 #ahae4 ,,wilbur1 ,,josiah2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #acb3 ,bell[s ,falls1 ,n4 ,h41 #ahae2 #b;d ,ed41 #ahbb4 ,,wilcox1 ,a4 ,f42 ,a ,cate*etical & ,practical ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #aaj3 #a/ ,ed41 ,ne:av51 ,ct41 #ahbh4 ,,will>d1 ,,samuel3 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ed3 #a/ ,ed41 ,gre5field1 ,mass41 #ahaf4 ,,williams1 ,,mrs4 ,,honoria2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #bbf3 ,london1 #ahbc2 #c;d ,ed41 #ahbf4 ,,wilson1 ,,*>les1 ,d4 ,d42 ,elem5ts ( ,hebrew ,gramm>2 #hvo1 pp4 #cih3 #c;d ,ed41 ,london1 #ahjb4 ,,wilson1 ,,george2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo2 ,london1 #aggg4 ,,wilson1 ,,james ,p41 ,d4 ,d43 ,an ,essay on ,gramm>2 #hvo1 pp4 #bha3 ,philadelphia1 #ahag4 ,,wilson1 ,,john2 ,a ,treatise on ,engli% ,punctuation2 #abmo1 pp4 #bjd3 ,bo/on1 #ahej4 ,,wilson1 ,rev4 ,j42 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #ahd3 #c;d ,ed41 ,congleton1 ,engl&1 #ahjc4 ,,w9n+1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,b41 ,m4 ,a42 ,a ,manual ( ,comp>ative ,philology2 #hvo1 pp4 #bia3 ,london1 #ahch4 ,,wiseman1 ,,*>les2 an ,engli% ,gramm>1 #abmo3 ,london1 #agfe4 ,,wood1 ,,hel52 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo1 pp4 #bjg3 ,london1 #a/ ,ed41 #ahbg2 #f? ,ed41 #ahda4 ,,wood1 ,rev4 ,,james1 ,d4 ,d2 ,engli% ,gramm>2 #abmo3 ,london1 #aggh4 ,,woodwor?1 ,a42 ,gramm> ,demon/rat$2 #abmo1 pp4 #gb3 #a/ ,ed41 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahbc4 ,,worce/]1 ,,joseph1 ,e42 ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y ( ! ,engli% ,language2 #a/ ,ed41 ,bo/on1 #ahdf4 ,,worce/]1 ,,samuel2 ,a ,fir/ ,book ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 #ahmo1 pp4 #hf2 ,bo/on1 #ahca4 ,,wright1 ,,alb]t ,d42 ,analytical ,or?ography2 #ahmo1 pp4 #aab3 #b;d ,ed41 ,caz5ovia1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahdb4 ,,wright1 ,,joseph ,w42 ,a ,philosophical ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language2 #abmo1 pp4 #beb3 ,new ,york & ,london1 #ahch4 ,a/]ism ,! ,names1 or ,heads1 9 ! =ego+ alphabetical ,catalogue1 are #deb2 ! ,works m5tion$ are #edh2 ! ,gramm>s are #dfc2 ! o!r ,books are #he4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,catalogue4 ,,introduction ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,critical ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,gramm>4 ,hc de ,grammatica quam brevissime potui3 non ut omnia dic]em sectatus1 7quod inf9itum erat17 s$ ut maxima necess>ia4--,,qu9tilian4 ,de ,in/4 ,orat41 ,lib4 i1 ,cap4 x4 #a4 ,language1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 is peculi> to man2 s t1 )\t a miracul\s assumption ( human p[]s1 none b human be+s c make words ! vehicle ( ?\ght4 ,an imitation ( "s ( ! articulate s\nds employ$ 9 spee*1 may be exhibit$ by p>rots1 & sometimes by dome/icat$ rav5s1 & we "k t almo/ all brute animals h _! peculi> natural voices1 by :i* !y indicate _! feel+s1 :e!r pleas+ or pa9ful4 ,b language is an attribute ( reason1 & diff]s ess5tially n only f all brute voices1 b ev5 f all ! *att]+1 jabb]+1 & babbl+ ( our own species1 9 :i* !re is n an intelligible mean+1 ) division ( ?\ght1 & di/9ction ( words4 #b4 ,spee* results f ! jo9t ex]cise ( ! be/ & noble/ faculties ( human nature1 f our rational und]/&+ & our social affection2 & is1 9 ! prop] use ( x1 ! peculi> ornam5t & di/9ction ( man1 :e!r we comp>e him ) o!r ord]s 9 ! creation1 or view him z an individual prem95t among 8 fell[s4 ,h5ce t sci5ce :i* makes kn[n ! nature & /ructure ( spee*1 & imm$iately conc]ns ! correct & elegant use ( language1 :ile x surpasses all ! conceptions ( ! /upid or unle>n$1 & pres5ts no?+ t c seem desirable to ! s5sual & grovell+1 has an intr9sic dignity :i* highly comm5ds x to all p]sons ( s5se & ta/e1 & makes x mo/ a fav\rite ) ! mo/ gift$ m9ds4 ,t sci5ce is ,gramm>4 ,& ?\gh !re be "s g5iuses :o affect to despise ! trammels ( gramm> rules1 to :om x mu/ be conc$$ t _m ?+s :i* h be5 unskillfully taught z su*1 des]ve to be despis$2 yet x is true1 z ,dr4 ,adam rem>ks1 t1 ,! /udy ( ,gramm> has be5 consid]$ an object ( great importance by ! wise/ m5 9 all ages4--,preface to ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gram41 p4 iii4 #c4 ,gramm> be>s to language sev]al diff]5t relations1 & acquires f ea* a nature lead+ to a diff]5t def9ition4 ,fir/1 ,x is to language1 z k is to ! ?+ kn[n2 & z doctr9e1 to ! tru?s x inculcates4 ,9 ^! relations1 gramm> is a sci5ce4 ,x is ! fir/ ( :at h be5 call$ ! sev5 sci5ces1 or lib]al bran*es ( k2 namely1 gramm>1 logic1 rhetoric1 ari?metic1 geometry1 a/ronomy1 & music4 ,secondly1 ,x is z skill1 to ! ?+ to be done2 & z p[]1 to ! in/rum5ts x employs4 ,9 ^! relations1 gramm> is an art2 & z su*1 has long be5 def9$1 ars rect scrib5di1 rectque loqu5di ! art ( writ+ & speak+ correctly4 ,?irdly1 ,x is z navigation1 to ! ocean1 :i* nautic skill alone enables m5 to trav]se4 ,9 ?is relation1 !ory & practice comb9e1 & gramm> becomes1 l navigation1 a practical sci5ce4 ,f\r?ly1 ,x is z a *>t1 to a coa/ :i* we w\ld visit4 ,9 ?is relation1 our gramm> is a text-book1 :i* we take z a guide1 or use z a help to our own obs]vation4 ,fif?ly1 ,x is z a s+le voyage1 to ! op5 sea1 ! highway ( nations4 ,su* is our mean+1 :5 we speak ( ! gramm> ( a p>ticul> text or passage4 #d4 ,aga93 ,gramm> is to language a sort ( self-exam9ation4 ,x turns ! faculty ( spee* or writ+ ^u itself = its own elucidation2 & makes ! tongue or ! p5 expla9 ! uses & abuses to :i* bo? are liable1 z well z ! nature & excell5cy ( t p[]1 ( :i*1 ^! are ! two gr& in/rum5ts4 ,f ?is acc\nt1 "s may beg9 to ?9k t 9 treat+ ( gramm> we are deal+ ) some?+ too v>i\s & *angeable = ! und]/&+ to grasp2 a dodg+ ,proteus ( ! imag9ation1 :o is ev] ready to assume "s new %ape1 & elude ! vigilance ( ! inquir]4 ,b let ! read] or /ud5t d 8 "p2 &1 if he please1 foll[ u ) att5tion4 ,we w endeav\r1 ) weld$ l9ks1 to b9d ?is ,proteus1 9 su* a mann] t he %all nei!r escape f our hold1 nor fail to give to ! consult] an intelligible & satisfactory response4 ,be n disc\rag$1 g5]\s y\?4 ,h>k to t sweet f>-rea*+ note3 ,s$1 quanto ille magis =mas se v]tet 9 omnes1 ,tanto1 nate1 magis cont5de t5acia v9cla4 ,,virgil4 ,geor4 ,,iv1 #daa4 ,b ?\1 ! m he v>ies =ms1 bew>e ,to /ra9 8 fett]s ) a /rict] c>e4 ,,dryd5',s ,,virgil4 #e4 ,if = a mom5t we consid] ! good & ! evil t are done 9 ! _w ?r\gh ! m$ium ( spee*1 we %all ) "o voice ackn[l$ge1 t n only ! faculty itself1 b also ! mann] 9 :i* x is us$1 is ( incalculable importance to ! welf>e ( man4 ,b ?is reflection does n directly enhance our respect = gramm>1 because x is n to language z ! vehicle ( moral or ( immoral s5tim5t1 ( good or ( evil to mank9d1 t ! att5tion ( ! gramm>ian is p>ticul>ly direct$4 ,a consid]ation ( ! subject 9 ^! relations1 p]ta9s r to ! moral philosoph]4 ,nor are ! arts ( logic & rhetoric n[ consid]$ to be prop]ly )9 ! gramm>ian's prov9ce4 ,mod]n sci5ce assigns to ^! _! sep>ate places1 & re/ricts gramm>1 :i* at "o p]iod embrac$ all le>n+1 to ! k ( language1 z respects its fitness to be ! vehicle ( any p>ticul> ?\ght or s5tim5t :i* ! speak] or writ] may wi% to convey by x4 ,accord+ly gramm> is commonly def9$1 by writ]s ^u ! subject1 9 ! special s5se ( an art--! art ( speak+ or writ+ a language ) propriety or correctness4--,web/]'s ,dict4 #f4 ,lily says1 ,grammatica e/ rect scrib5di atque loqu5di ars2 t is1 ,gramm> is ! art ( writ+ & speak+ correctly4 ,despaut]1 too1 9 8 def9ition1 :i* is quot$ 9 a prec$+ p>agraph1 n improp]ly plac$ writ+ fir/1 z be+ t ) :i* gramm> is prim>ily conc]n$4 ,= x ought to be rememb]$1 t ov] any fugitive colloquial dialect1 :i* has nev] be5 fix$ by visible signs1 gramm> has no control2 & t ! speak+ :i* ! art or sci5ce ( gramm> tea*es1 is exclusively t :i* has ref]5ce to a k ( lett]s4 ,x is ! c]ta9 t5d5cy ( writ+1 to improve spee*4 ,& 9 proportion z books are multipli$1 & ! k ( writt5 language is diffus$1 local dialects1 :i* are b5ea? ! dignity ( gramm>1 w always be f\nd to gr[ few]1 & _! diff]5ces less4 ,!re are1 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w1 _m languages to :i* ! art ( gramm> has nev] yet be5 appli$2 & to :i*1 !re=e1 ! def9ition or true idea ( gramm>1 h[ev] g5]al1 does n prop]ly ext5d4 ,& ev5 :]e x has be5 appli$1 & is n[ hon\r$ z a popul> bran* ( /udy1 !re is yet great room = improvem5t3 b>b>isms & solecisms h n be5 rebuk$ away z !y des]ve to be4 #g4 ,melanc?on says1 ,grammatica e/ c]ta loqu5di ac scrib5di ratio1 ,lat9is ,lat94 ,vossius1 ,ars b5 loqu5di eque et scrib5di1 atque id ,lat9is ,lat94 ,dr4 ,prat1 ,grammatica e/ rect loqu5di atque scrib5di ars4 ,ruddiman also1 9 8 ,in/itutes ( ,lat9 ,gramm>1 rev]s$ ! t]ms writ+ & speak+1 & def9$ gramm>1 ars rec loqu5di scrib5dique2 &1 ei!r f m]e imitation1 or f ! g5]al obs]vation t spee* prec$es writ+1 ?is arrangem5t ( ! words has be5 foll[$ by mo/ mod]n gramm>ians4 ,dr4 ,l[? embraces bo? t]ms 9 a m g5]al "o1 & says1 ,gramm> is ! art ( rightly express+ our ?\ghts by words4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! prov9ce ( gramm>1 to guide u n m]ely 9 ! expression ( our own ?\ghts1 b also 9 our appreh5sion ( ! ?\ghts1 & our int]pretation ( ! words1 ( o!rs4 ,h5ce1 ,p]izonius1 9 comm5t+ ^u ,sanctius's imp]fect def9ition1 ,grammatica e/ ars rect loqu5di1 n improp]ly asks1 et quidni intellig5di et explic&i8 & :y n also ( und]/&+ & expla9+8 ,h5ce1 too1 ! art ( read+ is virtually a "p ( gramm>2 = x is b ! art ( und]/&+ & speak+ correctly t :i* we h be=e u on pap]4 ,& ,nug5t has accord+ly giv5 u ! foll[+ def9ition3 ,gramm> is ! art ( read+1 speak+1 & writ+ a language by rules4--,introduction to ,dict41 p4 xii4#a #h4 ,! ^w rect1 rightly1 truly1 correctly1 :i* occurs 9 mo/ ( ! =ego+ ,lat9 def9itions1 is c5sur$ by ! le>n$ ,ri*>d ,johnson1 9 8 ,grammatical ,comm5t>ies1 on acc\nt ( ! vagu5ess ( its mean+4 ,he says1 x is n only ambigu\s by reason ( its diff]5t uses 9 ! ,lat9 classics1 b de/itute ( any signification prop] to gramm>4 ,b ev5 if ?is be true z reg>ds its e>li] application1 x may well be que/ion$1 :e!r by frequ5cy ( use x has n acquir$ a signification :i* makes x prop] at ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,engli% ^w correctly seems to be less liable to su* an objection2 & ei!r ?is brief t]m1 or "s o!r ( l import1 7z1 ) correctness--) propriety17 is /ill usually employ$ to tell :at gramm> is4 ,b c a boy le>n by su* means :at x is1 to speak & write grammatically8 ,9 "o s5se1 he c2 & 9 an o!r1 he _c4 ,he may d]ive1 f any ( ^! t]ms1 "s idea ( gramm> z di/+ui%$ f o!r arts2 b no simple def9ition ( ?is1 or ( any o!r art1 c communicate to him t le>ns x1 ! skill ( an arti/4 #i4 ,r4 ,johnson speaks at l>ge ( ! relation ( words to ea* o!r 9 s5t5ces1 z con/itut+ 9 8 view ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( gramm>2 & z be+ a po9t v mu* ov]look$1 or v badly expla9$1 by gramm>ians 9 g5]al4 ,8 c5sure is j4 ,& x seems to be z applicable to ne>ly all ! gramm>s n[ 9 use1 z to ^? :i* he criticis$ a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s ago4 ,b p]haps he gives to ! relation ( words1 7:i* is m]ely _! dep5d5ce on o!r words accord+ to ! s5se17 an e>li] introduction & a m prom95t place1 ?an x ought to h 9 a g5]al sy/em ( gramm>4 ,to ! "r use ( language1 he makes f\r ?+s to be necess>y4 ,9 cit+ ^!1 ,i v>y ! language1 b n ! sub/ance or ! ord] ( 8 positions4 ,fir/1 ,t we %\ld speak & write words accord+ to ! significations :i* belong to !m3 ! tea*+ ( :i* n[ p]ta9s to lexicography1 & n to gramm>1 except incid5tally4 ,secondly1 ,t we %\ld obs]ve ! relations t words h "o to ano!r 9 s5t5ces1 & repres5t ^? relations by su* v>iations1 & p>ticles1 z are usual ) au?ors 9 t language4 ,?irdly1 ,t we %\ld acquire a k ( ! prop] s\nds ( ! lett]s1 & pay a due reg>d to acc5t 9 pronunciation4 ,f\r?ly1 ,t we %\ld le>n to write words ) _! prop] lett]s1 spell+ !m z lit]>y m5 g5]ally d4 #aj4 ,f ^! positions1 7?\gh he sets aside ! fir/1 z p]ta9+ to lexicography1 & n n[ to gramm>1 z x =m]ly did17 ! le>n$ critic d$uces fir/ 8 f\r p>ts ( ! subject1 & !n 8 def9ition ( gramm>4 ,h5ce1 says he1 !re arise ,f\r ,p>ts ( ,gramm>2 ,analogy1 :i* treats ( ! sev]al p>ts ( spee*1 _! def9itions1 accid5ts1 & =mations2 ,syntax1 :i* treats ( ! use ( ^? ?+s 9 con/ruction1 accord+ to _! relations2 ,or?ography1 :i* treats ( spell+2 & ,prosody1 :i* treats ( acc5t+ 9 pronunciation4 ,s1 !n1 ! true def9ition ( ,gramm> is ?is3 ,gramm> is ! art ( express+ ! relations ( ?+s 9 con/ruction1 ) due acc5t 9 speak+1 & or?ography 9 writ+1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ^? ^: language we le>n4 ,aga9 he adds3 ,! ^w relation has o!r s5ses1 tak5 by itself2 b yet ! relation ( words "o to ano!r 9 a s5t5ce1 has no o!r signification ?an :at ,i int5d by x1 namely1 ( cause1 effect1 means1 end1 mann]1 in/rum5t1 object1 adjunct1 & ! l2 :i* are names giv5 by logicians to ^? relations "u :i* ! m9d compreh5ds ?+s1 & !re=e ! mo/ prop] words to expla9 !m to o!rs4 ,& if su* ?+s are too h>d = *ildr51 !n gramm> is too h>d2 = !re nei!r is1 nor c be1 any gramm> )\t !m4 ,& a little exp]i5ce w satisfy any man1 t ! "y w z easily appreh5d !m1 z g5d]1 numb]1 decl5sion1 & o!r gramm>-t]ms4 ,see ,r4 ,johnson's ,grammatical ,comm5t>ies1 p4 #d4 #aa4 ,x is true1 t ! relation ( words--by :i* ,i mean t connexion betwe5 !m1 :i* ! tra9 ( ?\ght =ms & sugge/s--or t dep5d5ce :i* "o ^w has on an o!r accord+ to ! s5se--lies at ! f\ndation ( all syntax4 ,no rule or pr9ciple ( con/ruction c ev] h any applicability beyond ! limits1 or contr>y to ! ord]1 ( ?is relation4 ,to see :at x is 9 any giv5 case1 is b to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! phrase or s5t5ce4 ,& x is pla91 t no ^w ev] necess>ily agrees ) an o!r1 ) :i* x is n ?us connect$ 9 ! m9d ( him :o uses x4 ,no ^w ev] gov]ns an o!r1 to :i* ! s5se does n direct x4 ,no ^w is ev] requir$ to /& imm$iately be=e or aft] an o!r1 to :i* x has n "s relation accord+ to ! mean+ ( ! passage4 ,"h !n are ! relation1 agreem5t1 gov]nm5t1 & arrangem5t1 ( words 9 s5t5ces2 & ^! make up ! :ole ( syntax--b n ! :ole ( gramm>4 ,to ?is "o "p ( gramm>1 !re=e1 ! relation ( words is c5tral & fundam5tal2 & 9 ! o!r p>ts also1 !re are "s ?+s to :i* ! consid]ation ( x is incid5tal2 b !re are _m m1 l spell+1 pronunciation1 d]ivation1 & :atsoev] belongs m]ely to lett]s1 syllables1 & ! =ms ( words1 ) :i* x has1 9 fact1 no connexion4 ,! relation ( words1 !re=e1 %\ld be cle>ly & fully expla9$ 9 its prop] place1 "u ! head ( syntax2 b ! g5]al idea ( gramm> w n be br\ght ne>] to tru?1 by mak+ x to be ! art ( express+ ! relations ( ?+s 9 con/ruction1 c41 accord+ to ! =ego+ def9ition4 #ab4 ,! t]m gramm> is d]iv$ f ! ,greek ^w ,greek3 gramma1 a lett]4 ,! art or sci5ce to :i* ?is t]m is appli$1 _h its orig91 n 9 cursory spee*1 b 9 ! practice ( writ+2 & spee*1 :i* is fir/ 9 ! ord] ( nature1 is la/ ) ref]5ce to gramm>4 ,! matt] or common subject ( gramm>1 is language 9 g5]al2 :i*1 be+ ( two k9ds1 spok5 & writt51 consi/s ( c]ta9 comb9ations ei!r ( s\nds or ( visible signs1 employ$ = ! expression ( ?\ght4 ,lett]s & s\nds1 ?\gh (t5 he$lessly conf\nd$ 9 ! def9itions giv5 ( v[els1 consonants1 c41 are1 9 _! own nature1 v diff]5t ?+s4 ,!y address !mselves to diff]5t s5ses2 ! =m]1 to ! sight2 ! latt]1 to ! he>+4 ,yet1 by a peculi> relation arbitr>ily e/abli%$ betwe5 !m1 & 9 consequ5ce ( an almo/ endless v>iety 9 ! comb9ations ( ei!r1 !y co9cide 9 a mo/ admirable mann]1 to effect ! great object = :i* language 0 be/[$ or inv5t$2 namely1 to furni% a sure m$ium = ! communication ( ?\ght1 & ! pres]vation ( k4 #ac4 ,all languages1 h[ev] diff]5t1 h _m ?+s 9 common4 ,!re are po9ts ( a philosophical "*1 :i* result alike f ! analysis ( any language1 & are f\nd$ on ! v nature ( human ?\ght1 & t ( ! s\nds or o!r signs :i* are us$ to express x4 ,:5 su* pr9ciples alone are tak5 z ! subject ( inquiry1 & are treat$1 z !y sometimes h be51 )\t reg>d to any ( ! idioms ( p>ticul> languages1 !y con/itute :at is call$ ,g5]al1 ,philosophical1 or ,univ]sal ,gramm>4 ,b to tea*1 ) ,l9dley ,murray & "s o!rs1 t ,gramm> may be consid]$ z consi/+ ( two species1 ,univ]sal & ,p>ticul>1 & t ! latt] m]ely applies ^? g5]al pr9ciples to a p>ticul> language1 is to adopt a tw(old absurdity at ! outset4#b ,= e cultivat$ language has its p>ticul> gramm>1 9 :i* :atsoev] is univ]sal1 is necess>ily includ$2 b ( :i*1 univ]sal or g5]al pr9ciples =m only a "p1 & t comp>atively small4 ,we f9d !re=e 9 gramm> no two species ( ! same g5us2 nor is ! sci5ce or art1 z commonly def9$ & und]/ood1 susceptible ( division into any prop] & di/9ct sorts1 except ) ref]5ce to diff]5t languages--z :5 we speak ( ,greek1 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 or ,engli% gramm>4 #ad4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 z ,i h sugge/$1 a c]ta9 sci5ce or philosophy ( language1 :i* has be5 d5om9at$ ,univ]sal ,gramm>2 be+ made up ( ^? po9ts only1 9 :i* _m or all ( ! diff]5t languages pres]v$ 9 books1 are f\nd to co9cide4 ,all speculative m9ds are fond ( g5]alization2 &1 9 ! va/ness ( ! views :i* may ?us be tak5 ( gramm>1 su* may f9d an ent]ta9m5t :i* !y nev] felt 9 m]ely le>n+ to speak & write grammatically4 ,b ! pleasure ( su* contemplations is n ! e>lie/ or ! mo/ important fruit ( ! /udy4 ,! fir/ ?+ is1 to "k & und]/& ! grammatical con/ruction ( our own language4 ,_m may pr(it by ?is acquisition1 :o ext5d n _! inquiries to ! analogies or ! idioms ( o!r tongues4 ,x is true1 t e item ( grammatical doctr9e is ! m wor?y to be kn[n & reg>d$1 9 proportion z x approa*es to univ]sality4 ,b ! pr9ciples ( all practical gramm>1 :e!r univ]sal or p>ticul>1 common or peculi>1 mu/ fir/ be le>n$ 9 _! application to "s "o language1 be=e !y c be di/+ui%$ into su* classes2 & x is manife/1 bo? f reason & f exp]i5ce1 t ! y\? ( any nation n de/itute ( a good book = ! purpose1 may be/ acquire a k ( ^? pr9ciples1 f ! grammatical /udy ( _! native tongue4 #ae4 ,univ]sal or ,philosophical ,gramm> is a l>ge field = speculation & inquiry1 & embraces _m ?+s :i*1 ?\gh true en\gh 9 !mselves1 are unfit to be incorporat$ ) any sy/em ( practical gramm>1 h[ev] compreh5sive its plan4 ,_m au?ors h err$ "h4 ,) :at is m]ely !oretical1 su* a sy/em %\ld h little to d4 ,philosophy1 deal+ 9 g5]alities1 resolves spee* n only z a :ole into its con/itu5t p>ts & sep>able elem5ts1 z anatomy %[s ! use & adaptation ( ! p>ts & jo9ts ( ! human body2 b also z a composite into its matt] & =m1 z "o may contemplate t same body 9 its entir5ess1 yet z consi/+ ( mat]ials1 "s solid & "s fluid1 & ^! curi\sly modell$ to a p>ticul> figure4 ,gramm>1 prop]ly s call$1 requires only ! =m] ( ^! analyses2 & 9 conduct+ ! same1 x desc5ds to ! ?\s& m9ute p>ticul>s :i* are necess>y to be kn[n 9 practice4 ,nor are su* ?+s to be despis$ z trivial & l[3 ignorance ( :at is common & elem5t>y1 is b ! m disgraceful = be+ ignorance ( m]e rudim5ts4 ,:]e=e1 says ,qu9tilian1 !y are little to be respect$1 :o repres5t ?is art z mean & b>r52 9 :i*1 unless y fai?fully lay ! f\ndation = ! future orator1 :atev] sup]/ructure y raise w tumble into ru9s4 ,x is an art1 necess>y to ! "y1 pleasant to ! old1 ! sweet companion ( ! retir$1 & "o :i* 9 ref]5ce to e k9d ( /udy has 9 itself m ( utility ?an ( %[4 ,let no "o !re=e despise z inconsid]able ! elem5ts ( gramm>4 ,n because x is a great ?+1 to di/+ui% consonants f v[els1 & aft]w>ds divide !m into semiv[els & mutes2 b because1 to ^? :o ent] ! int]ior p>ts ( ?is temple ( sci5ce1 !re w appe> 9 _m ?+s a great subtilty1 :i* is fit n only to %>p5 ! wits ( y\?1 b also to ex]cise ! l(tie/ erudition & sci5ce4--,de ,in/itutione ,oratoria1 ,lib4 i1 ,cap4 iv4 #af4 ,aga91 ( ! arts :i* spr+ f ! composition ( language4 ,"h ! art ( logic1 aim+ solely at conviction1 addresses ! und]/&+ ) cool d$uctions ( unv>ni%$ tru?2 rhetoric1 design+ to move1 9 "s p>ticul> direction1 bo? ! judgem5t & ! sympa?ies ( m51 applies itself to ! affections 9 ord] to p]suade2 & poetry1 v>i\s 9 its "* & t5d5cy1 solicits ! imag9ation1 ) a view to delight1 & 9 g5]al also to in/ruct4 ,b gramm>1 ?\gh intimately connect$ ) all ^!1 & ess5tial to !m 9 practice1 is /ill too di/9ct f ea* to be id5tifi$ ) any ( !m4 ,9 reg>d to dignity & int]e/1 ^! high] /udies seem to h greatly ! advantage ov] p>ticul> gramm>2 b :o is will+ to be an ungrammatical poet1 orator1 or logician8 ,= him ,i d n write4 ,b ,i w\ld p]suade my read]s1 t an acqua9tance ) t gramm> :i* respects ! g5ius ( _! v]nacul> tongue1 is ( prim>y importance to all :o w\ld cultivate a lit]>y ta/e1 & is a necess>y introduction to ! /udy ( o!r languages4 ,& x may "h be obs]v$1 = ! enc\ragem5t ( ! /ud5t1 t z gramm> is ess5tially ! same ?+ 9 all languages1 he :o has well ma/]$ t ( 8 own1 has ov]come m ?an half ! difficulty ( le>n+ ano!r2 & he ^: k ( words is ! mo/ ext5sive1 has ! fewe/ ob/acles to enc\nt] 9 proce$+ fur!r4 #ag4 ,x 0 ! orig9al design ( gramm>1 says ,dr4 ,adam1 to facilitate ! acquisition ( languages2 &1 ( all practical treatises on ! subject1 ?is is /ill ! ma9 purpose4 ,9 ^? books :i* are to prep>e ! le>n] to translate f "o tongue into ano!r1 seldom is any ?+ else attempt$4 ,9 ^? also :i* pr(ess to expla9 ! "r use ( v]nacul> spee*1 mu/ ! same purpose be ev] p>am\nt1 & ! orig9al design be kept 9 view4 ,b ! gramm>ian may tea* _m ?+s incid5tally4 ,"o _c le>n a language1 )\t le>n+ at ! same "t a great _m op9ions1 facts1 & pr9ciples1 ( "s k9d or o!r1 :i* are necess>ily embodi$ 9 x4 ,= all language proce$s f1 & is address$ to1 ! und]/&+2 & he t p]ceives n ! mean+ ( :at he reads1 makes no acquisition ev5 ( ! language itself4 ,to ! sci5ce ( gramm>1 ! nature ( ! ideas convey$ by casual examples1 is n v ess5tial3 to ! le>n]1 x is highly important4 ,! be/ ?\ghts 9 ! be/ diction %\ld furni% ! models = y\?ful /udy & imitation2 because su* language is n only ! mo/ wor?y to be rememb]$1 b ! mo/ easy to be und]/ood4 ,a di/9ction is also to be made betwe5 use & abuse4 ,9 nons5se1 absurdity1 or falsehood1 !re c nev] be any grammatical au?ority2 because1 h[ev] language may be abus$1 ! usage :i* gives law to spee*1 is /ill t usage :i* is f\nd$ ^u ! common s5se ( mank9d4 #ah4 ,gramm> appeals to reason1 z well z to au?ority1 b to :at ext5t x %\ld d s1 has be5 matt] ( dispute4 ,! k ( useful arts1 says ,sanctius1 is n an inv5tion ( human +5uity1 b an emanation f ! ,deity1 desc5d+ f above = ! use ( man1 z ,m9]va sprung f ! bra9 ( ,jupit]4 ,:]e=e1 unless ?\ give ?yself :olly to labori\s rese>* into ! nature ( ?+s1 & dilig5tly exam9e ! causes & reasons ( ! art ?\ tea*e/1 believe me1 ?\ %alt b see ) o!r m5's eyes1 & he> ) o!r m5's e>s4 ,b ! m9ds ( _m are preoccupi$ ) a c]ta9 p]v]se op9ion1 or r ignorant conceit1 t 9 gramm>1 or ! art ( speak+1 !re are no causes1 & t reason is sc>cely to be appeal$ to = any ?+2--?an :i* idle notion1 ,i "k ( no?+ m fooli%2--no?+ c be ?\ght ( :i* is m (f5sive4 ,%all man1 end[$ ) reason1 d1 say1 or contrive any ?+1 )\t design1 & )\t und]/&+8 ,he> ! philosoph]s2 :o positively decl>e t no?+ comes to pass )\t a cause4 ,he> ,plato himself2 :o affirms t names & words subsi/ by nature1 & cont5ds t language is d]iv$ f nature1 & n f art4 #ai4 ,i "k1 says he1 t ! ,ari/otelians ?9k o!rwise2 b no "o w d\bt t names are ! signs1 & z x 7 ! in/rum5ts1 ( ?+s4 ,b ! in/rum5t ( any art is s adapt$ to t art1 t = any o!r purpose x mu/ seem unfit2 ?us ) an aug] we bore1 & ) a saw we cut wood2 b we split /ones ) w$ges1 & w$ges are driv5 ) heavy mauls4 ,we _c !re=e b believe t ^? :o fir/ gave names to ?+s1 did x ) design2 & ?is1 ,i imag9e1 ,ari/otle himself und]/ood :5 he said1 ad placitum nom9a signific>e4 ,= ^? :o cont5d t names 7 made by *ance1 are no less audaci\s ?an if !y w\ld endeav\r to p]suade u1 t ! :ole ord] ( ! univ]se 0 fram$ toge!r =tuit\sly4 #bj4 ,y w see1 cont9ues he1 t 9 ! fir/ language1 :atev] x 01 ! names ( ?+s 7 tak5 f ,nature h]self2 b1 ?\gh ,i _c affirm ?is to h be5 ! case 9 o!r tongues1 yet ,i c easily p]suade myself t 9 e tongue a reason c be r5d]$ = ! application ( e "n2 & t ?is reason1 ?\gh x is 9 _m cases obscure1 is nev]!less wor?y ( inve/igation4 ,_m ?+s :i* 7 n kn[n to ! e>li] philosoph]s1 7 br\ght to light by ,plato2 aft] ! dea? ( ,plato1 _m 7 discov]$ by ,ari/otle2 & ,ari/otle 0 ignorant ( _m :i* are n[ ev]y:]e kn[n4 ,= tru? lies hid1 b no?+ is m preci\s ?an tru?4 ,b y w say1 ',h[ c !re be any c]ta9 orig9 to names1 :5 "o & ! same ?+ is call$ by diff]5t names1 9 ! sev]al p>ts ( ! _w8' ,i answ]1 ( ! same ?+ !re may be diff]5t causes1 ( :i* "s p may reg>d "o1 & o!rs1 an o!r4 99 99 99 ,!re is !re=e no d\bt1 t ( all ?+s1 ev5 ( words1 a reason is to be r5d]$3 & if we "k n :at t reason is1 :5 we are ask$2 we ought r to confess t we d n "k1 ?an to affirm t none c be giv54 ,i "k t ,scalig] ?9ks o!rwise2 b ?is is ! true acc\nt ( ! matt]4 #ba4 ,^! sev]al obs]vations1 he rem>ks fur!r1 ,i h unwill+ly br\ght toge!r aga9/ ^? /ubborn critics :o1 :ile !y explode reason f gramm>1 insi/ s mu* on ! te/imonies ( ! le>n$4 ,b h !y nev] read ,qu9tilian1 :o says1 7,lib4 i1 ,cap4 #f17 t1 ',language is e/abli%$ by reason1 antiquity1 au?ority1 & cu/om8' ,he !re=e does n exclude reason1 b makes x ! pr9cipal ?+4 ,nay1 9 a mann]1 ,laur5tius1 & o!r grammati/s1 ev5 ( _! fool]ies1 are =w>d to (f] reasons1 su* z !y are4 ,moreov]1 use does n take place )\t reason2 o!rwise1 x ought to be call$ abuse1 & n use4 ,b f use au?ority d]ives all its =ce2 = :5 x rec$es f use1 au?ority becomes no?+3 :5ce ,cic]o reproves ,coelius & ,m>cus ,antonius = speak+ accord+ to _! own fancy1 & n accord+ to use4 ,b1 ',no?+ c be la/+1' says ,curtius1 7,lib4 iv17 ':i* is n bas$ ^u reason4' ,x rema9s1 !re=e1 t ( all ?+s ! reason be fir/ assign$2 & !n1 if x c be done1 we may br+ =w>d te/imonies2 t ! ?+1 hav+ e advantage1 may be made ! m cle>4--,sanctii ,m9]va1 ,lib4 i1 ,cap4 #b4 #bb4 ,julius ,cs> ,scalig]1 f ^: op9ion ,sanctius diss5ts above1 seems to limit ! sci5ce ( gramm> to b\nds consid]ably too n>r[1 ?\gh he f\nd )9 !m room = ! ex]cise ( mu* +5uity & le>n+4 ,he says1 ,grammatica e/ sci5tia loqu5di ex usu2 neque enim con/ituit regulas sci5tibus usus modum1 s$ ex eorum /atis frequ5tibusque usurpatiombus colligit communem rationem loqu5di1 quam disc5tibus trad]et4--,de ,causis ,l4 ,lat91 ,lib4 iv1 ,cap4 #gf4 ,gramm> is ! sci5ce ( speak+ accord+ to use2 = x does n e/abli% rules = ^? :o "k ! mann] ( use1 b f ! settl$ & frequ5t usages ( ^!1 ga!rs ! common fa%ion ( speak+1 :i* x %\ld deliv] to le>n]s4 ,?is limit$ view seems n only to exclude f ! sci5ce ! use ( ! p51 b to exempt ! le>n$ f any obligation to respect ! rules prescrib$ = ! initiation ( ! "y4 ,b ,i h said1 & ) abundant au?ority1 t ! acquisition ( a good /yle ( writ+ is ! ma9 purpose ( ! /udy2 &1 surely1 ! pr(ici5ts & adepts 9 ! art c desire = !mselves no su* exemption4 ,m5 ( g5ius1 inde$1 sometimes affect to despise ! pett9ess ( all grammatical in/ructions2 b ?is c be no?+ else ?an affectation1 s9ce ! usage ( ! le>n$ is confess$ly ! basis ( all su* in/ructions1 & sev]al ( ! l(tie/ ( _! own rank appe> on ! li/ ( gramm>ians4 #bc4 ,qu9tilian1 ^: au?ority is appeal$ to above1 belong$ to t age 9 :i* ! exegesis ( hi/ories1 poems1 & o!r writ+s1 0 consid]$ an ess5tial "p ( gramm>4 ,he !re=e1 z well z ,diom$es1 & o!r anci5t writ]s1 divid$ ! gramm>ian's duties into two p>ts2 ! "o includ+ :at is n[ call$ gramm>1 & ! o!r ! explanation ( au?ors1 & ! /igmatiz+ ( ! unwor?y4 ,( ! op9ion ref]r$ to by ,sanctius1 x seems prop] to make "h an ampl] citation4 ,x %all be attempt$ 9 ,engli%1 ?\gh ! p>agraph is n an easy "o to translate4 ,i und]/& ! au?or to say1 ,speak]s1 too1 h _! rules to obs]ve2 & writ]s1 !irs4 ,language is e/abli%$ by reason1 antiquity1 au?ority1 & cu/om4 ,( reason ! *ief gr\nd is analogy1 b sometimes etymology4 ,anci5t ?+s h a c]ta9 maje/y1 &1 z ,i might say1 religion1 to comm5d !m4 ,au?ority is wont to be s\ght f orators & hi/orians2 ! necessity ( metre mo/ly excuses ! poets4 ,:5 ! judgem5t ( ! *ief ma/]s ( eloqu5ce passes = reason1 ev5 error seems "r to ^? :o foll[ great lead]s4 ,b1 ( ! art ( speak+1 cu/om is ! sure/ mi/ress2 = spee* is evid5tly to be us$ z money1 :i* has ^u x a public /amp4 ,yet all ^! ?+s require a p5etrat+ judgem5t1 especially analogy2 ! =ce ( :i* is1 t "o may ref] :at is d\btful1 to some?+ simil> t is cle>ly e/abli%$1 & ?us prove unc]ta9 ?+s by ^? :i* are sure4--,,qu9t1 de ,in/4 ,orat41 ,lib4 i1 ,cap4 #f1 p4 #dh4 #bd4 ,! sci5ce ( gramm>1 :atev] we may suppose to be its j limits1 does n appe> to h be5 bett] cultivat$ 9 proportion z its scope 0 n>r[$4 ,nor has its application to our tongue1 9 p>ticul>1 ev] be5 made 9 su* a mann]1 z to d great hon\r to ! le>n+ or ! tal5ts ( him t attempt$ x4 ,:at is new to a nation1 may be old to ! _w4 ,! developm5t ( ! intellectual p[]s ( y\? by in/ruction 9 ! classics1 z well z ! improvem5t ( _! ta/e by ! exhibition ( :at is elegant 9 lit]ature1 is cont9ually engag+ ! att5tion ( new ma/]s1 "s ( :om may seem to effect great improvem5ts2 b we mu/ rememb] t ! conc]n itself is ( no rec5t orig94 ,plato & ,ari/otle1 :o 7 great ma/]s bo? ( gramm> & ( philosophy1 taught ^! ?+s ably at ,a!ns1 9 ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,v>ro1 ! gramm>ian1 usually /yl$ ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,romans1 0 contempor>y ) ! ,savi\r & 8 apo/les4 ,qu9tilian liv$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era1 & be=e he wrote 8 mo/ celebrat$ book1 taught a s*ool tw5ty ye>s 9 ,rome1 & receiv$ f ! /ate a sal>y :i* made him ri*4 ,?is consummate guide ( wayw>d y\?1 z ! poet ,m>tial call$ him1 be+ nei!r ignorant ( :at _h be5 done by o!rs1 nor dispos$ to ?9k x a light task to prescribe ! "r use ( 8 own language1 0 at fir/ sl[ to und]take ! "w ^u :i* 8 fame n[ reposes2 &1 aft] x 0 begun1 dilig5t to execute x wor?ily1 t x might turn bo? to 8 own hon\r1 & to ! real advancem5t ( le>n+4 #be4 ,he says1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 book3 ,aft] ,i _h obta9$ a quiet release f ^? lab\rs :i* = tw5ty ye>s _h devolv$ ^u me z an in/ructor ( y\?1 c]ta9 p]sons famili>ly dem&$ ( me1 t ,i %\ld compose some?+ conc]n+ ! prop] mann] ( speak+2 b = a long "t ,i )/ood _! solicitations1 because ,i knew !re 7 already illu/ri\s au?ors 9 ea* language1 by :om _m ?+s :i* might p]ta9 to su* a "w1 _h be5 v dilig5tly writt51 & left to po/]ity4 ,b ! reason :i* ,i ?\ght w\ld obta9 = me an easi] excuse1 did b excite m e>ne/ entreaty2 because1 amid/ ! v>i\s op9ions ( e>li] writ]s1 "s ( :om 7 n ev5 consi/5t ) !mselves1 ! *oice _h become difficult2 s t my fri5ds seem$ to h a "r to enjo9 ^u me1 if n ! lab\r ( produc+ new in/ructions1 at lea/ t ( judg+ conc]n+ ! old4 ,b al?\gh ,i 0 p]suad$ n s mu* by ! hope ( supply+ :at 0 requir$1 z by ! %ame ( refus+1 yet1 z ! matt] op5$ itself be=e me1 ,i und]took ( my own accord a mu* great] task ?an _h be5 impos$2 t :ile ,i %\ld ?us oblige my v good fri5ds by a full] compliance1 ,i might n ent] a common pa? & tread only 9 ! foot/eps ( o!rs4 ,= mo/ o!r writ]s :o h treat$ ( ! art ( speak+1 h proce$$ 9 su* a mann] z if ^u adepts 9 e o!r k9d ( doctr9e !y w\ld lay ! la/ t\* 9 eloqu5ce2 ei!r despis+ z little ?+s ! /udies :i* we fir/ le>n1 or ?9k+ !m n to fall to _! %>e 9 ! division :i* %\ld be made ( ! pr(essions2 or1 :at inde$ is next to ?is1 hop+ no praise or ?anks = _! +5uity ab\t ?+s :i*1 al?\gh necess>y1 lie f> f o/5tation3 ! tops ( build+s make a %[1 _! f\ndations are unse54--,qu9tiliani de ,in/4 ,orat41 ,prooemium4 #bf4 ,b ! read] may ask1 ,:at h all ^! ?+s to d ) ,engli% ,gramm>8 ,i answ]1 !y help to %[ u :5ce & :at x is4 ,"s acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( gramm> z a sci5ce1 z well z "s k ( ! /ructure ( o!r languages ?an our own1 is necess>y to him :o pr(esses to write = ! advancem5t ( ?is bran* ( le>n+--& = him also :o w\ld be a compet5t judge ( :at is ?us pr(ess$4 ,gramm> mu/ n =get h] orig94 ,criticism mu/ n resign ! protection ( lett]s4 ,! national lit]ature ( a c\ntry is 9 ! keep+1 n ( ! p at l>ge1 b ( au?ors & tea*]s4 ,b a gramm>ian presumes to be a judge ( au?or%ip1 & a tea*] ( tea*]s2 & is x to ! hon\r ( ,engl& or ,am]ica1 t 9 bo? c\ntries s _m are c\nt5anc$ 9 ?is assumption ( place1 :o c read no language b _! "m tongue8 ,engli% ,gramm> is n prop]ly an indig5\s production1 ei!r ( ?is c\ntry or ( ,brita92 because x is b a bran* ( ! g5]al sci5ce ( philology--a new v>iety1 or species1 sprung up f ! old /ock long ago transplant$ f ! soil ( ,greece & ,rome4 #bg4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t nei!r any anci5t sy/em ( grammatical in/ruction nor any gramm> ( an o!r language1 h[ev] contriv$1 c be entirely applicable to ! pres5t /ate ( our tongue2 = languages mu/ ne$s diff] greatly "o f an o!r1 & ev5 t :i* is call$ ! same1 may come 9 "t to diff] greatly f :at x once 04 ,b ! g5]al analogies ( spee*1 :i* are ! c5tral pr9ciples ( gramm>1 are b imp]fectly se5 by ! man ( "o language4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is possible to "k mu* ( ^? g5]al pr9ciples1 & yet be v defici5t 9 :at is peculi> to our own tongue4 ,real improvem5t 9 ! gramm> ( our language1 mu/ result f a view t is nei!r p>tial nor sup]ficial4 ,"t1 sorry arti/1 z 0 said ( old1 makes all he h&les worse4 ,& ,"l ,bacon1 seem+ to h ?is adage 9 view1 sugge/s3 ,if ,"t ( c\rse alt] all ?+s to ! worse1 & ,wisdom & ,c\nsel %all n alt] !m to ! bett]1 :at %all be ! end8--,bacon's ,essays1 p4 #fd4 #bh4 ,h5ce ! ne$ t an able & discreet gramm>ian %\ld n[ & !n appe>1 :o ) skillful h& c effect ^? corrections :i* a *ange ( fa%ion or ! ignorance ( au?ors may h made necess>y2 b if he is prop]ly qualifi$ = 8 task1 he w d all ?is )\t a dep>ture f any ( ! great pr9ciples ( ,univ]sal ,gramm>4 ,he w surely be v f> f ?9k+1 ) a c]ta9 mod]n au?or1 :om ,i %all notice 9 an o!r *apt]1 t1 ,he is b\nd to take words & expla9 !m z he f9ds !m 9 8 day1 )\t any reg>d to _! anci5t con/ruction & application4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bh4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( e ^w1 s f> z he c asc]ta9 x1 w be ! view "u :i* he w judge ( :at is "r or wrong 9 ! language :i* he tea*es4 ,etymology is nei!r ! :ole ( ?is view1 nor yet to be exclud$ f x4 ,i concur n !re=e ) ,dr4 ,campbell1 :o1 to make out a /rong case1 extravagantly says1 ,x is nev] f an att5tion to etymology1 :i* w\ld frequ5tly mislead u1 b f cu/om1 ! only infallible guide 9 ?is matt]1 t ! mean+s ( words 9 pres5t use mu/ be le>nt4--,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #ahh4 ,jamieson too1 ) an implicitness little to be comm5d$1 takes ?is passage f ,campbell2 &1 ) no o!r *ange ?an t ( le>nt to le>n$ publi%es x z a coroll>y ( 8 own4--,gramm> ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #db4 ,x is folly to /ate = tru? :at is s obvi\sly wrong4 ,etymology & cu/om are seldom at odds2 & :]e !y are s1 ! latt] c h>dly be deem$ infallible4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,( ,,grammatical ,,au?or%ip4 ,respondeo1 duplicit] aliquem dici grammaticum1 arte et pr(essione4 ,grammatici v]a arte paucissimi sunt3 et hi magna laude digni sunt1 ut patuit3 hos non vitup]ant summi viri2 quia ipse ,pl9ius ejusmodi grammaticus fuit1 et de arte grammatica libelos edidit4 ,et ,grellius v] grammatic fuit dilig5tissimus doctor2 sic et ipse ,datus4 ,alii sunt grammatici pr(essione1 et ii pl]umque sunt inceptissimi2 quia scribimus indocti doctique1 et indignissimus quisque hanc sibi artem v9dicat3----hos ma/igias multis probris docti summo jure insectantur4--,,despaut]4 ,syntaxis1 fol4 #a4 #a4 ,x is ( prim>y importance 9 all discussions & expositions ( doctr9es1 ( any sort1 to asc]ta9 well ! pr9ciples ^u :i* our reason+s are to be f\nd$1 & to see t !y be su* z are immovably e/abli%$ 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 = error 9 fir/ pr9ciples is fundam5tal1 & he :o builds ^u an unc]ta9 f\ndation1 incurs at lea/ a haz>d ( see+ 8 edifice ov]?r[n4 ,! lov] ( tru? w be1 at all times1 dilig5t to seek x1 firm to adh]e to x1 will+ to submit to x1 & ready to promote x2 b ev5 ! tru? may be urg$ unseasonably1 & important facts are ?+s liable to be misjo9$4 ,x is prop]1 !re=e1 = e gramm>ian gravely to consid]1 :e!r & h[ f> ! pr9ciples ( 8 philosophy1 8 politics1 8 morals1 or 8 religion1 ought to influ5ce1 or actually d influ5ce1 8 !ory ( language1 & 8 practical in/ructions respect+ ! "r use ( words4 ,9 practice1 gramm> is s int]wov5 ) all else t is kn[n1 believ$1 le>n$1 or spok5 ( among m51 t to det]m9e its own peculi> pr9ciples ) due di/9ctness1 seems to be "o ( ! mo/ difficult po9ts ( a gramm>ian's duty4 #b4 ,f misappreh5sion1 n>r[ness ( conception1 or improp] bias1 9 relation to ?is po9t1 _m au?ors h />t$ wrong2 d5\nc$ o!rs ) intemp]ate zeal2 dep>t$ !mselves f s\nd doctr9e2 & produc$ books :i* are disgrac$ n m]ely by occasional ov]sights1 b by c5tral & radical errors4 ,h5ce1 too1 h sprung up1 9 ! "n ( gramm>1 _m unpr(itable discussions1 & :imsical sy/ems ( tea*+1 calculat$ r to emb>rass ?an to in=m ! /ud5t4 ,m]e collisions ( op9ion1 conduct$ )\t any ackn[l$g$ /&>d to guide ! judgem5t1 nev] t5d to real improvem5t4 ,gramm> is unque/ionably a bran* ( t univ]sal philosophy by :i* ! ?or\ghly educat$ m9d is enlight5$ to see all ?+s aright2 = philosophy1 9 ?is s5se ( ! t]m1 is f\nd 9 ev]y?+4 ,yet1 prop]ly speak+1 ! true gramm>ian is n a philosoph]1 nor c any man /r5g!n 8 title to ! =m] "* by claim+ ! latt]2 & x is c]ta91 t a mo/ di%e>t5+ proportion ( :at 9 our language has be5 publi%$ "u ! "n ( ,philosophic ,gramm>1 is equally remote f philosophy1 f gramm>1 & f common s5se4 #c4 ,true gramm> is f\nd$ on ! au?ority ( reputable cu/om2 & t cu/om1 on ! use :i* m5 make ( _! reason4 ,! pro(s ( :at is "r are accumulative1 & on _m po9ts !re c be no dispute1 because our pro(s f ! be/ usage1 are bo? obvi\s & innum]able4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! evid5ce ( :at is wrong is r demon/rative2 = :5 we w\ld expose a p>ticul> error1 we exhibit x 9 contra/ ) ! e/abli%$ pr9ciple :i* x violates4 ,he :o =m$ ! errone\s s5t5ce1 has 9 ?is case no alt]native1 b ei!r to ackn[l$ge ! solecism1 or to d5y ! au?ority ( ! rule4 ,!re are disputable pr9ciples 9 gramm>1 z !re are moot po9ts 9 law2 b ?is circum/ance affects no settl$ usage 9 ei!r2 & e p]son ( s5se & ta/e w *oose to express himself 9 ! way lea/ liable to c5sure4 ,all are free inde$ f positive con/ra9t on _! phraseology2 = we d n speak or write by /atutes4 ,b ! gr\nd ( in/ruction assum$ 9 gramm>1 is simil> to t ^u :i* are e/abli%$ ! maxims ( common law1 9 jurisprud5ce4 ,! ultimate pr9ciple1 !n1 to :i* we appeal1 z ! only true /&>d ( grammatical propriety1 is t species ( cu/om :i* critics d5om9ate ,,good ,,use2 t is1 pres5t1 reputable1 g5]al use4 #d4 ,yet a slight acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( gramm> w suffice to %[ u1 t x is mu* easi] to ackn[l$ge ?is pr9ciple1 & to comm5d x 9 words1 ?an to asc]ta9 :at x is1 & abide by x 9 practice4 ,good use is t :i* is nei!r anci5t nor rec5t1 nei!r local nor =eign1 nei!r vulg> nor p$antic2 & x w be f\nd t no few h 9 "s way or o!r dep>t$ f x1 ev5 :ile !y 7 pret5d+ to record its dictates4 ,b x is n to be conceal$1 t 9 e liv+ language1 x is a matt] ( mu* inh]5t difficulty1 to rea* ! /&>d ( propriety1 :]e usage is v>i\s2 & to asc]ta9 ) cle>ness ! decisions ( cu/om1 :5 we desc5d to m9ute details4 ,"h is a field 9 :i* :atsoev] is a*iev$ by ! pione]s ( lit]ature1 c be appreciat$ only by ?or\gh s*ol>s2 = ! progress ( improvem5t 9 any art or sci5ce1 c be kn[n only to ^? :o c cle>ly comp>e its rud] ) its m ref9$ /ages2 & x (t5 happ5s t :at is effect$ ) mu* lab\r1 may be pres5t$ 9 a v small compass4 #e4 ,b ! k ( gramm> may retrograde2 = :atev] loses ! vital pr9ciple ( r5ovation & gr[?1 t5ds to decay4 ,& if m]e copyi/s1 compil]s1 abridg]s1 & modifi]s1 be enc\rag$ z !y n[ are1 x surely w n advance4 ,/yle is liable to be antiquat$ by "t1 corrupt$ by innovation1 debas$ by ignorance1 p]v]t$ by conceit1 impair$ by neglig5ce1 & vitiat$ by caprice4 ,& no?+ b ! liv+ _s ( true au?or%ip1 & ! application ( j criticism1 c c\nt]act ! natural t5d5cy ( ^! causes4 ,engli% gramm> is /ill 9 its infancy2 & ev5 be>s1 to ! imag9ation ( "s1 ! appe>ance ( a de=m$ & ugly dw>f among ! lib]al arts4 ,treatises are multipli$ almo/ innum]ably1 b /ill ! old errors survive4 ,names are rapidly add$ to our li/ ( au?ors1 :ile little or no?+ is done = ! sci5ce4 ,nay1 :ile new blund]s h be5 committ$ 9 e new book1 old ones h be5 all[$ to /& z by prescriptive "r24 & positions t 7 nev] true1 & s5t5ces t 7 nev] good ,engli%1 h be5 publi%$ & republi%$ "u diff]5t names1 till 9 our language gramm> has become ! mo/ ungrammatical ( all /udies6 ,imitators g5]ally copy _! orig9als 9 an inv]se ratio ( _! m]its2 t is1 by add+ z mu* to _! faults1 z !y lose ( _! m]its4--,,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #aag4 ,:o to ! life an exact piece w\ld make1 ,mu/ n f o!rs' "w a copy take4--,c[ley4 #f4 ,all sci5ce is laid 9 ! nature ( ?+s2 & he only :o seeks x !re1 c rightly guide o!rs 9 ! pa?s ( k4 ,he alone c "k :e!r 8 pr$ecessors w5t "r or wrong1 :o is capable ( a judgem5t indep5d5t ( !irs4 ,b ) :at %ameful s]vility h _m false or faulty def9itions & rules be5 copi$ & copi$ f "o gramm> to ano!r1 z if au?ority _h canoniz$ _! errors1 or none _h eyes to see !m6 ,:atsoev] is dignifi$ & fair1 is also mode/ & reasonable2 b mode/y does n consi/ 9 hav+ no op9ion ( "o's own1 nor reason 9 foll[+ ) bl9d p>tiality ! foot/eps ( o!rs4 ,gramm> unsupport$ by au?ority1 is inde$ m]e fiction4 ,b :at apology is ?is1 = t au?or%ip :i* has produc$ s _m gramm>s )\t orig9ality8 ,%all he :o _c write = himself1 improve ^u him :o c8 ,%all he :o _c pa9t1 ret\* ! canvass ( ,guido8 ,%all mode/ +5uity be all[$ only to imitators & to ?ieves8 ,h[ _m a prefatory argum5t issues virtually 9 ?is6 ,x is n def]5ce to m]it1 b impud5t pret5ce1 practis+ on ! cr$ulity ( ignorance6 ,commonness alone exempts x f scrut9y1 & ! success x has1 is b ! wages ( its own wor?lessness6 ,to read & be in=m$1 is to make a prop] use ( books = ! advancem5t ( le>n+2 b to assume to be an au?or by edit+ m]e commonplaces & /ol5 criticisms1 is equally b5ea? ! ambition ( a s*ol> & ! hone/y ( a man4 ',t is true1 ! anci5ts we may rob ) ease2 ,b :o ) t mean %ift himself c please8 ,%effield1 ,duke ( ,buck+ham4 #g4 ,gramm> be+ a practical art1 ) ! pr9ciples ( :i* e intellig5t p]son is m or less acqua9t$1 x might be expect$ t a book writt5 pr(ess$ly on ! subject1 %\ld exhibit "s evid5ce ( its au?or's skill4 ,b x w\ld seem t a multitude ( bad or indiff]5t writ]s h judg$ !mselves qualifi$ to tea* ! art ( speak+ & writ+ well2 s t correctness ( language & neatness ( /yle are z r>ely to be f\nd 9 gramm>s z 9 o!r books4 ,nay1 ,i h be=e sugge/$ t 9 no o!r sci5ce are ! pr9ciples ( good writ+ s frequ5tly & s %amefully violat$4 ,! code ( false gramm> embrac$ 9 ! foll[+ "w1 w g f> to su/a9 ?is op9ion4 ,!re h be51 h[ev]1 sev]al excell5t s*ol>s1 :o h ?\ght x an object n unwor?y ( _! tal5ts1 to prescribe & elucidate ! pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,b ^!1 ) sc>cely any exception1 h execut$ _! inadequate designs1 n z m5 engag$ 9 _! prop] call+1 b z m]e lit]>y almon]s1 desc5d+ = a day f _! l(ti] purposes1 to p]=m a s]vice1 ne$ful inde$1 & !re=e approv$1 b v f> f supply+ all ! aid t is requisite to a ?or\gh k ( ! subject4 ,ev5 ! mo/ m]itori\s h left ample room = improvem5t1 ?\gh "s h ev9c$ an ability :i* does hon\r to !mselves1 :ile x gives cause to regret _! lack ( an inducem5t to great] lab\r4 ,! m]e gramm>ian c nei!r aspire to praise1 nor /ipulate = a rew>d2 & to ^? :o 7 be/ qualifi$ to write1 ! subject c\ld (f] no adequate motive = dilig5ce4 #h4 ,unle>n$ m51 :o nei!r make1 nor c make1 any pret5sions to a k ( gramm> z a /udy1 if !y %[ !mselves mode/ 9 :at !y pr(ess1 are by no means to be despis$ or und]valu$ = ! want ( su* k4 ,!y are subject to no criticism1 till !y turn au?ors & write = ! public4 ,& ev5 !n !y are to be treat$ g5tly1 if !y h any ?+ to communicate1 :i* is wor?y to be accept$ 9 a homely dress4 ,grammatical inaccuracies are to be k9dly excus$1 9 all ^? f :om no?+ bett] c be expect$2 = p are (t5 "u a necessity ( appe>+ z speak]s or writ]s1 be=e !y c h le>n$ to write or speak grammatically4 ,! body is m to be reg>d$ ?an raim5t2 & ! sub/ance ( an int]e/+ message1 may make ! mann] ( x a little ?+4 ,m5 ( high purposes naturally spurn all t is comp>atively l[2 or all t may seem nice1 ov]wr\ght1 o/5tati\s1 or f9ical4 ,h5ce ,/4 ,paul1 9 writ+ to ! ,cor9?ians1 sugge/s t ! design ( 8 prea*+ might h be5 defeat$1 _h he affect$ ! orator1 & turn$ 8 att5tion to m]e excell5cy ( spee*1 or wisdom ( words4 ,b ?is view ( ?+s pres5ts no m gr\nd = neglect+ gramm>1 & mak+ co>se & vulg> example our model ( spee*1 ?an = neglect+ dress1 & mak+ baize & rags ! fa%ionable co/ume4 ,! same apo/le exhorts ,timo?y to hold fa/ ! =m ( s\nd words1 :i* he himself _h taught him4 ,nor c x be d5i$ t !re is an obligation re/+ ^u all m51 to use spee* fairly & und]/&+ly4 ,b let x be rememb]$1 t all ^? ^u ^: op9ions or practices ,i am dispos$ to animadv]t1 are ei!r pr(ess$ gramm>ians & philosoph]s1 or au?ors :o1 by extraord9>y pret5sions1 h laid !mselves "u special obligations to be accurate 9 ! use ( language4 ,! wise 9 he>t %all be call$ prud5t2 & ! sweetness ( ! lips increase? le>n+4--,prov41 xvi1 #ba4 ,! words ( a man's m\? are z deep wat]s1 & ! well-spr+ ( wisdom is z a fl[+ brook4--,ib41 xviii1 #d4 ,a fool's m\? is 8 de/ruction1 & 8 lips are ! sn>e ( 8 s\l4--,ib41 xviii1 #g4 #i4 ,! old maxim record$ by ,bacon1 ,loqu5dum ut vulgus1 s5ti5dum ut sapi5tes1--,we %\ld speak z ! vulg>1 b ?9k z ! wise1 is n to be tak5 )\t "s limitation4 ,= :oev] lit]ally speaks z ! vulg>1 %all (f5d va/ly too mu* ) 8 tongue1 to h ei!r ! und]/&+ ( ! wise or ! purity ( ! good4 ,9 all untra9$ & vulg> m9ds1 ! ambition ( speak+ well is b a dormant or v weak pr9ciple4 ,h5ce ! great mass ( un$ucat$ p are lam5tably c>eless ( :at !y utt]1 bo? z to ! matt] & ! mann]2 & no few seem naturally prone to ! con/ant imitation ( l[ example1 & "s1 to ! practice ( e abuse ( :i* language is susceptible4 ,h5ce1 z e s*ol> kn[s1 ! lea/ scrupul\s ( our lexicograph]s notice _m t]ms b to c5sure !m z l[1 & omit _m m z be+ b5ea? _! notice4 ,vulg>ity ( language1 !n1 ev] has be51 & ev] mu/ be1 repudiat$ by gramm>ians4 ,yet we h _h pret5d]s to gramm>1 :o c\ld c\rt ! fav\r ( ! vulg>1 ?\gh at ! exp5se ( all ! daught]s ( ,mnemosyne4 #aj4 ,h5ce ! enorm\s insult to le>n+ & ! le>n$1 convey$ 9 ! foll[+ scornful quotations3 ,gramm>ians1 g to y\r tailors & %oemak]s1 & le>n f !m ! rational art ( con/ruct+ y\r gramm>s6--,neef's ,me?od ( ,education1 p4 #fb4 ,f a labyr9? )\t a clew1 9 :i* ! mo/ enlight5$ s*ol>s ( ,europe h maz$ !mselves & misguid$ o!rs1 ! au?or v5tures to turn aside4--,c>dell's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #ae4 ,aga93 ,! nations ( unlett]$ m5 s adapt$ _! language to philosophic tru?1 t all physical & intellectual rese>* c f9d no ess5tial rule to reject or *ange4--,ibid41 p4 #ia4 ,i h %[n t ! nations ( unlett]$ m5 are among t portion ( ! e>?'s population1 ^u ^: language ! g5ius ( gramm> has nev] yet condesc5d$ to look d[n6 ,t p :o make no pret5sions to le>n+1 c furni% bett] models or in/ructions ?an ! mo/ enlight5$ s*ol>s1 is an op9ion :i* ought n to be di/urb$ by argum5t4 #aa4 ,i regret to say1 t ev5 ,dr4 ,web/]1 ) all 8 obligations & pret5sions to lit]ature1 has well-nigh tak5 gr\nd ) ,neef & ,c>dell1 z above cit$2 & has n =borne to ?r[ contempt1 ev5 on gramm> z su*1 & on m5 ( lett]s indiscrim9ately1 by suppos+ ! true pr9ciples ( e language to be be/ obs]v$ & kept by ! illit]ate4 ,:at m>vel !n1 t all 8 multif>i\s gramm>s ( ! ,engli% language are despis$8 ,hav+ sugge/$ t ! le>n$ mu/ foll[ ! practice ( ! populace1 because !y _c control x1 he adds3 ,m5 ( lett]s may revolt at ?is sugge/ion1 b if !y w att5d to ! hi/ory ( our language1 !y w f9d ! fact to be z "h /at$4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t ! t5d5cy ( ?is practice ( unlett]$ m5 is to corrupt ! language4 ,b ! fact is directly ! rev]se4 ,i am prep>$ to prove1 7 x consi/5t ) ! nature ( ?is "w1 t n9ete5-tw5tie?s ( all ! corruptions ( our language1 = five hundr$ ye>s pa/1 h be5 introduc$ by au?ors--m5 :o h made alt]ations 9 p>ticul> idioms :i* !y did n und]/&4 ,! same rem>k is applicable to ! or?ography & pronunciation4 ,! t5d5cy ( unlett]$ m5 is to uni=mity--to analogy2 & s /rong is ?is disposition1 t ! common p h actually conv]t$ "s ( our irregul> v]bs into regul> ones4 ,x is to unlett]$ p t we owe ! disuse ( holp51 b\nd51 sitt51 & ! use ( ! regul> p>ticiples1 swell$1 help$1 work$1 9 place ( ! anci5t ones4 ,?is popul> t5d5cy is n to be contemn$ & disreg>d$1 z "s ( ! le>n$ affect to d2#c = x is gov]n$ by ! natural1 prim>y pr9ciples ( all languages1 to :i* we owe all _! regul>ity & all _! melody2 viz41 a love ( uni=mity 9 words ( a l "*1 & a pref]5ce ( an easy natural pronunciation1 & a desire to express ! mo/ ideas ) ! smalle/ numb] ( words & syllables4 ,x is a =tunate ?+ = language1 t ^! natural pr9ciples g5]ally prevail ov] arbitr>y & artificial rules4--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aai2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,s mu* = unlett]$ erudition6 #ab4 ,if e ?+ t has be5 taught "u ! "n ( gramm>1 is to be consid]$ z belong+ to ! sci5ce1 x w be impossible ev] to det]m9e 9 :at e/imation ! /udy ( x ought to be held2 = all t has ev] be5 urg$ ei!r = or aga9/ x1 may1 ^u su* a pr9ciple1 be prov$ by ref]5ce to diff]5t au?orities & irreconcilable op9ions4 ,b all :o are /udi\s to "k1 & cont5t to foll[1 ! fa%ion e/abli%$ by ! concurr5t au?ority ( ! le>n$1#d may at lea/ h "s /&>d to ref] to2 & if a gramm>ian's rules be bas$ ^u ?is au?ority1 x mu/ be consid]$ ! exclusive privilege ( ! unle>n$ to despise !m--z x is ( ! unbr$1 to contemn ! rules ( civility4 ,b :o %all det]m9e :e!r ! doctr9es conta9$ 9 any giv5 treatise are1 or are n1 bas$ ^u su* au?ority8 ,:o %all decide :e!r ! contributions :i* any individual may make to our grammatical code1 are1 or are n1 consonant ) ! be/ usage8 ,= ?is1 !re is no tribunal b ! mass ( read]s1 ( :om few p]haps are v compet5t judges4 ,& "h an au?or's reputation = erudition & judgem5t1 may be available to him3 x is ! public voice 9 8 fav\r4 ,yet e man is at lib]ty to =m 8 own op9ion1 & to alt] x :5ev] bett] k leads him to ?9k diff]5tly4 #ac4 ,b ! great mis=tune is1 t !y :o ne$ in/ruction1 are n qualifi$ to *oose _! in/ructor2 & _m :o mu/ make ?is *oice = _! *ildr51 h no adequate means ( asc]ta9+ ei!r ! qualifications ( su* z (f] !mselves1 or ! comp>ative m]its ( ! diff]5t me?ods by :i* !y pr(ess to tea*4 ,h5ce ?is great bran* ( le>n+1 9 itself too compreh5sive = ! g5ius or ! life ( any "o man1 has ev] be5 op5 to z v>i\s & wor?less a set ( quacks & plagi>ies z h ev] figur$ 9 any o!r4 ,!re always h be5 "s :o knew ?is1 & !re may be _m :o "k x n[2 b ! cr$ulity & ignorance :i* expose s great a majority ( mank9d to deception & error1 are n likely to be soon obviat$4 ,) e individual :o is s =tunate z to receive any ( ! b5efits ( intellectual culture1 ! :ole process ( education mu/ beg9 anew2 &1 by all t sob] m9ds c cr$it1 ! vision ( human p]fectibility is f> en\gh f any national consummation4 #ad4 ,:atev] any may ?9k ( _! own ability1 or h[ev] "s might fl\t to f9d _! errors c5sur$ or _! pret5sions disall[$2 :atev] improvem5t may actually h be5 made1 or h[ev] fondly we may li/5 to boa/s & felicitations on t topic2 x is presum$1 t ! g5]al ignorance on ! subject ( gramm>1 z above /at$1 is too obvi\s to be d5i$4 ,:at !n is ! rem$y8 & to :om mu/ our appeal be made8 ,k _c be impos$ by p[]1 nor is !re any dom9ation 9 ! republic ( lett]s4 ,! rem$y lies solely 9 t zeal :i* c provoke to a g5]\s emulation 9 ! cause ( lit]ature2 & ! appeal1 :i* has rec\rse to ! le>n+ ( ! le>n$1 & to ! common s5se ( all1 mu/ be press$ home to conviction1 till e false doctr9e /& refut$1 & e weak pret5d] expos$ or neglect$4 ,!n %all ,sci5ce hon\r !m t hon\r h]2 & all h] triumphs be told1 all h] in/ructions be deliv]$1 9 s\nd spee* t _c be condemn$4 #ae4 ,a g5]\s man is n unwill+ to be correct$1 & a j "o _c b desire to be set "r 9 all ?+s4 ,ev5 ov] noisy ga9say]s1 a calm & dignifi$ exhibition ( true docr9e sic--,,k?1 has (t5 m influ5ce ?an ev] op5ly appe>s4 ,i h ev5 se5 ! au?or ( a faulty gramm> heap ^u 8 corrector m scorn & p]sonal abuse ?an w\ld fill a l>ge newspap]1 & imm$iately aft]w>ds1 9 a new edition ( 8 book1 r5\nce ! errors :i* _h be5 po9t$ out to him1 /eal+ ! v language ( 8 am5dm5ts f ! man :om he _h s grossly vilifi$6 ,x is true t gramm>ians h ev] disput$1 & (t5 ) m acrimony ?an discretion4 ,^? :o1 9 elem5t>y treatises1 h m$dl$ mu* ) philological controv]sy1 h well illu/rat$ ! c\plet ( ,d5ham3 ,! tree ( k1 bla/$ by disputes1 ,produces sapless leaves 9 /ead ( fruits4 #af4 ,?us1 !n1 z ,i h be=e sugge/$1 we f9d among writ]s on gramm> two num]\s classes ( au?ors1 :o h fall5 into opposite errors1 p]haps equally repreh5sible2 ! vision>ies1 & ! copyi/s4 ,! =m] h v5tur$ ^u too mu* orig9ality1 ! latt] h attempt$ too little4 ,! sci5ce ( philology1 says ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray1 is n a frivol\s /udy1 fit to be conduct$ by ignorant p$ants or vision>y en?usia/s4 ,x requires m qualifications to succe$ 9 x1 ?an are usually unit$ 9 ^? :o pursue x3--a s\nd p5etrat+ judgem5t2 habits ( calm philosophical induction2 an erudition v>i\s1 ext5sive1 & accurate2 & a m9d likewise1 t c direct ! k express$ 9 words1 to illu/rate ! nature ( ! signs :i* convey x4--,murray's ,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ccc4 #ag4 ,!y :o set aside ! au?ority ( cu/om1 & judge e ?+ to be ungrammatical :i* appe>s to !m to be unphilosophical1 r5d] ! :ole gr\nd =ev] disputable1 & we>y !mselves 9 beat+ ! air4 ,s v>i\s h be5 ! notions ( ?is sort ( critics1 t x w\ld be difficult to m5tion an op9ion n f\nd 9 "s ( _! books4 ,amid/ ?is rage = speculation on a subject purely practical1 v>i\s attempts h be5 made1 to ov]?r[ t sy/em ( in/ruction1 :i* long use has r5d]$ v5]able1 & long exp]i5ce prov$ to be useful4 ,b x is manife/ly mu* easi] to raise ev5 plausible objections aga9/ ?is sy/em1 ?an to inv5t an o!r less objectionable4 ,su* attempts h g5]ally met ! reception !y des]v$4 ,_! hi/ory w give no enc\ragem5t to future innovators4 #ah4 ,aga93 ,:ile "s h ?us wa/$ _! en]gies 9 ecc5tric flights1 va9ly suppos+ t ! le>n+ ( ages w\ld give place to _! :imsical !ories2 o!rs1 ) m success1 n bett] des]v$1 h multipli$ gramm>s almo/ innum]ably1 by abridg+ or modify+ ! books !y _h us$ 9 *ildhood4 ,s t !y :o are at all acqua9t$ ) ! orig9 & "* ( ! v>i\s comp5ds ?us introduc$ into our s*ools1 _c b desire to see !m all displac$ by "s abl] & bett] "w1 m hon\rable to its au?or & m useful to ! public1 m intelligible to /ud5ts & m helpful to tea*]s4 ,books pr(ess$ly publi%$ = ! advancem5t ( k1 are v frequ5tly to be reckon$1 among its greate/ imp$im5ts2 = ! int]e/s ( le>n+ are no less injur$ by :imsical doctr9es1 ?an ! rights ( au?or%ip by plagi>ism4 ,too _m ( our gramm>s1 pr(itable only to _! mak]s & v5d]s1 are l weights atta*$ to ! heels ( ,h]mes4 ,x is disc\rag+ to "k ! hi/ory ( ?is sci5ce4 ,b ! multiplicity ( treatises already 9 use1 is a reason1 n = sil5ce1 b = (f]+ m4 ,=1 z ,"l ,bacon obs]ves1 ! numb] ( ill-writt5 books is n to be dim9i%$ by ceas+ to write1 b by writ+ o!rs :i*1 l ,a>on's s]p5t1 %all swall[ up ! spuri\s4#e #ai4 ,i h said t "s gramm>s h too mu* orig9ality1 & o!rs too little4 ,x may be add$1 t n a few are *>geable ) bo? ^! faults at once4 ,!y are orig9al1 or at lea/ anonym\s1 :]e !re %\ld h be5 giv5 o!r au?ority ?an t ( ! compil]'s "n2 & !y are copies1 or1 at be/1 poor imitations1 :]e ! au?or %\ld h %[n himself capable ( writ+ 9 a good /yle ( 8 own4 ,:at !n is ! middle gr\nd = ! true gramm>ian8 ,:at is ! k9d1 & :at ! degree1 ( orig9ality1 :i* are to be comm5d$ 9 works ( ?is sort8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a gramm>ian mu/ be a writ]1 an au?or1 a man :o obs]ves & ?9ks = himself2 & n a m]e compil]1 abridg]1 modifi]1 copyi/1 or plagi>i/4 ,gramm> is n ! only subject ^u :i* we all[ no man to innovate 9 doctr9e2 :y1 !n1 %\ld x be ! only "o ^u :i* a man may make x a m]it1 to "w up sil5tly into a book ( 8 own1 ! be/ mat]ials f\nd among ! in/ructions ( 8 pr$ecessors & rivals8 ,"s def9itions & rules1 :i* 9 ! lapse ( "t & by frequ5cy ( use h become a sort ( public prop]ty1 ! gramm>ian may p]haps be all[$ to use at 8 pleasure2 yet ev5 ^u ^! a man ( any g5ius w be apt to set "s impress peculi> to himself4 ,b ! doctr9es ( 8 "w ought1 9 g5]al1 to be express$ 9 8 own language1 & illu/rat$ by t ( o!rs4 ,) respect to quotation1 he has all ! lib]ty ( o!r writ]s1 & no m2 =1 if a gramm>ian makes use ( 8 pr$ecessors' lab\rs1 :y %\ld any "o ?9k ) ,murray1 x is sc>cely necess>y to apologize = ?is1 or = omitt+ to ins]t _! names8--,introd4 to ,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #g4 #bj4 ,! au?or ( ?is volume w\ld "h take ! lib]ty briefly to ref] to 8 own proc$ure4 ,8 k ( :at is te*nical 9 gramm>1 0 ( c\rse *iefly d]iv$ f ! writ+s ( o!r gramm>ians2 & to _! concurr5t op9ions & practices1 he has always _h great respect2 yet1 9 tru?1 n a l9e has he ev] copi$ f any ( !m ) a design to save ! lab\r ( composition4 ,=1 n to compile an ,engli% gramm> f o!rs already extant1 b to compose "o m directly f ! s\rces ( ! art1 0 ! task :i* he at fir/ propos$ to himself4 ,nor is !re 9 all ! pres5t volume a s+le s5t5ce1 n regul>ly quot$1 ! au?or%ip ( :i* he supposes may n[ be ascrib$ to an o!r m prop]ly ?an to himself4 ,:]e ei!r au?ority or ackn[l$gem5t 0 requisite1 names h be5 ins]t$4 ,9 ! doctr9al p>ts ( ! volume1 n only quotations f o!rs1 b mo/ examples made = ! occasion1 are m>k$ ) guillemets1 to di/+ui% !m f ! ma9 text2 :ile1 to almo/ e ?+ :i* is really tak5 f any o!r kn[n writ]1 a "n or ref]5ce is add$4 ,= ^? citations1 h[ev]1 :i* !re 0 occasion to repeat 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! "w1 a s+le ref]5ce has sometimes be5 ?\ght suffici5t4 ,?is rem>k ref]s *iefly to ! corrections 9 ! ,key1 ! ref]5ces be+ giv5 9 ! ,ex]cises4 #ba4 ,?\gh ! !me is n "o on :i* a man may hope to write well ) little reflection1 x is true t ! p>ts ( ?is treatise :i* h co/ ! au?or ! mo/ lab\r1 are ^? :i* consi/ *iefly ( mat]ials select$ f ! writ+s ( o!rs4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are n ! didactical portions ( ! book1 b ! pro(s & examples2 :i*1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! anci5t gramm>ians1 ought to be tak5 f o!r au?ors4 ,b s mu* h ! mak]s ( our mod]n gramm>s be5 all[$ to presume ^u ! respect & acquiesc5ce ( _! read]s1 t ! anci5t exactness on ?is po9t w\ld (t5 appe> p$antic4 ,_m phrases & s5t5ces1 ei!r orig9al ) ! writ]1 or common to ev]ybody1 w !re=e be f\nd among ! illu/rations ( ! foll[+ "w2 = x 0 n suppos$ t any read] w\ld dem& = e ?+ ( ?is k9d ! au?ority ( "s great "n4 ,anonym\s examples are suffici5t to elucidate pr9ciples1 if n to e/abli% !m2 & elucidation is (t5 ! sole purpose = :i* an example is ne$$4 #bb4 ,x is obvi\s en\gh1 t no writ] on gramm> has any "r to propose himself z au?ority = :at he tea*es2 = e language1 be+ ! common prop]ty ( all :o use x1 ought to be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/ ! caprices ( individuals2 & especially aga9/ t presumption :i* might attempt to impose errone\s or arbitr>y def9itions & rules4 ,s9ce ! matt] ( :i* we are treat+1 says ! philologi/ ( ,salamanca1 is to be v]ifi$1 fir/ by reason1 & !n by te/imony & usage1 none ought to wond] if we sometimes deviate f ! track ( great m52 =1 ) :atev] au?ority any gramm>ian may weigh ) me1 unless he %all h confirm$ 8 ass]tions by reason1 & also by examples1 he %all w9 no confid5ce 9 respect to gramm>4 ,=1 z ,s5eca says1 ,epi/le #ie1 ',gramm>ians are ! gu>dians1 n ! au?ors1 ( language4'--,sanctii ,m9]va1 ,lib4 ii1 ,cap4 #b4 ,yet1 z :at is intuitively se5 to be true or false1 is already suffici5tly prov$ or detect$1 _m po9ts 9 gramm> ne$ no?+ m ?an to be cle>ly /at$ & illu/rat$2 nay1 x w\ld seem an injuri\s reflection on ! und]/&+ ( ! read]1 to accumulate pro(s ( :at _c b be evid5t to all :o speak ! language4 #bc4 ,among m5 ( ! same pr(ession1 !re is an unavoidable rivalry1 s f> z !y become competitors = ! same prize2 b 9 competition !re is no?+ di%on\rable1 :ile excell5ce alone obta9s di/9ction1 & no advantage is s\ght by unfair means4 ,x is evid5t t we ought to acc\nt him ! be/ gramm>ian1 :o has ! mo/ completely execut$ ! wor?ie/ design4 ,b no wor?y design c ne$ a false apology2 & x is worse ?an idle to prev>icate4 ,t is b a spuri\s mode/y1 :i* prompts a man to disclaim 9 "o way :at he assumes 9 an o!r--or to und]rate ! duties ( 8 (fice1 t he may boa/ ( hav+ done all t c\ld reasonably be expect$4 ,:oev] pr(esses to h improv$ ! sci5ce ( ,engli% gramm>1 mu/ claim to "k m ( ! matt] ?an ! g5]ality ( ,engli% gramm>ians2 & he :o beg9s ) say+1 t little c be expect$ f ! (fice he assumes1 mu/ be wrongfully contradict$1 :5 he is held to h done mu*4 ,nei!r ! ord9>y p[] ( spee*1 nor ev5 ! ability to write respectably on common topics1 makes a man a critic among critics1 or enables him to judge ( lit]>y m]it4 ,& if1 by virtue ( ^! qualifications alone1 a man w become a gramm>ian or a connoisseur1 he c hold ! rank only by c\rtesy--a c\rtesy :i* is cont5t to degrade ! "*1 t 8 inf]ior pret5sions may be accept$ & hon\r$ "u ! "n4 #bd4 ,by ! =ce ( a late popul> example1 /ill too widely influ5tial1 grammatical au?or%ip has be5 r$uc$1 9 ! view ( _m1 to little or no?+ m ?an a m]e s]v+-up ( mat]ials anonym\sly borr[$2 &1 :at is mo/ rem>kable1 ev5 = an indiff]5t p]=mance ( ?is l[ (fice1 n only unnam$ review]s1 b sev]al writ]s ( note1 h n scrupl$ to be/[ ! highe/ praise ( grammatical excell5ce6 ,& ?us ! palm ( sup]ior skill 9 gramm>1 has be5 borne away by a pr(ess$ compil]2 :o _h s mean an op9ion ( :at 8 !me requir$1 z to d5y x ev5 ! common c\rtesies ( compilation6 ,:at m>vel is x1 t1 "u ! w+ ( su* au?ority1 _m writ]s h s9ce sprung up1 to improve ^u ?is mo/ happy design2 :ile all :o 7 compet5t to ! task1 h be5 disc\rag$ f attempt+ any ?+ l a complete gramm> ( our language8 ,:at motive %all excite a man to long-cont9u$ dilig5ce1 :]e su* notions prevail z give ma/]%ip no hope ( pref]5ce1 & :]e ! praise ( 8 +5uity & ! rew>d ( 8 lab\r mu/ ne$s be inconsid]able1 till "s hon\r$ compil] usurp !m bo?1 & br+ 8 mo/ useful matt] be=e ! _w "u bett] auspices8 ,if ! love ( le>n+ supply su* a motive1 :o t has g5]\sly yield$ to ! impulse1 w n n[1 l ,johnson1 feel himself r$uc$ to an humble drudge--or1 l ,p]izonius1 apologize = ! app>5t folly ( devot+ 8 "t to su* a subject z gramm>8 #be4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 ! doctr9al p>ts ( :i* are embrac$ 9 ! pres5t m copi\s "w1 0 publi%$ 9 ! ye> #ahbc2 s9ce :i* "t1 7)9 ! space ( twelve ye>s17 ab\t =ty new comp5ds1 mo/ly pr(ess+ to be ab/racts ( ,murray1 ) improvem5ts1 h be5 add$ to our li/ ( ,engli% gramm>s4 ,! au?or has exam9$ z _m z ?irty ( !m1 & se5 adv]tisem5ts ( p]haps a doz5 m4 ,be+ v>i\s 9 "*1 !y w ( c\rse be v>i\sly e/imat$2 b1 s f> z he c judge1 !y are1 )\t exception1 works ( little or no real m]it1 & n likely to be mu* patroniz$ or long pres]v$ f oblivion4 ,= :i* reason1 he w\ld h be5 incl9$ entirely to disreg>d ! petty depr$ations :i* ! writ]s ( sev]al ( !m h committ$ ^u 8 e>li] text1 7 x n possible1 t by su* a fritt]+-away ( 8 "w1 he himself might "o day seem to "s to h copi$ t f o!rs :i* 0 fir/ tak5 f him4 ,tru/+ to make x manife/ to m5 ( le>n+1 t 9 ! production ( ! books :i* be> 8 "n1 f> m has be5 done = ! gramm> ( our language ?an any s+le h& _h be=e a*iev$ )9 ! scope ( practical philology1 & t ) p]fect fairness t[>ds o!r writ]s2 he _c b feel a wi% t ! integrity ( 8 text %\ld be pres]v$1 :atev] else may befall2 & t ! multitude ( scribbl]s :o judge x s ne$ful to remodel ,murray's defective compilation1 w\ld =be> to publi% "u 8 "n or _! own :at !y f9d only 9 ! foll[+ pages4 #bf4 ,! m]e rivalry ( _! au?or%ip is no subject ( conc]n2 b x is en\gh = any +5u\s man to h toil$ = ye>s 9 solitude to complete a "w ( public utility1 )\t ent]+ a w>f>e = life to def5d & pres]ve x4 ,accid5tal co9cid5ces 9 books are unfrequ5t1 & n (t5 su* z to excite ! suspicion ( ! mo/ s5sitive4 ,b1 ?\gh ! crit]ia ( plagi>ism are nei!r obscure nor disputable1 x is n easy1 9 ?is beat5 track ( lit]ature1 = p]sons ( little read+ to "k :at is1 or is n1 orig9al4 ,dates mu/ be accurately obs]v$2 & a multitude ( m9ute ?+s mu/ be m9utely comp>$4 ,& :o w und]take su* a task b he t is p]sonally int]e/$8 ,( ! ?\s&s :o are =c$ into ! pa?s ( le>n+1 few ev] c>e to "k1 by :at pione]1 or ) :at lab\r1 _! way 0 ca/ up = !m4 ,& ev5 ( ^? :o are hone/ly engag$ 9 tea*+1 n _m are adequate judges ( ! comp>ative m]its ( ! great numb] ( books on ?is subject4 ,! common notions ( mank9d con=m m easily to fa%ion ?an to tru?2 & ev5 ( "s ?+s )9 _! rea*1 ! majority seem cont5d to take _! op9ions ^u tru/4 ,h5ce1 x is va9 to expect t t :i* is intr9sically be/1 w be ev]y:]e pref]r$2 or t :i* is m]itori\sly elaborate1 adequately appreciat$4 ,b common s5se might dictate1 t le>n+ is n enc\rag$ or respect$ by ^? :o1 = ! mak+ ( books1 pref] a pair ( scissors to ! p54 #bg4 ,! =tune ( a gramm> is n always an accurate te/ ( its m]its4 ,! goddess ( ! pl5te\s horn /&s bl9dfold yet ^u ! float+ pr[2 &1 "u h] caprici\s fav\r1 any pirate-craft1 ill /[$ ) plund]1 may sometimes spe$ z well1 z b>ges ri*ly lad5 f ! gold5 m9es ( sci5ce4 ,f> m are n[ afloat1 & m are /r&$ on dry %elves1 ?an c be "h report$4 ,b :at ?is "w conta9s1 is c&idly design$ to qualify ! read] to be himself a judge ( :at x %\ld conta92 & ,i w hope1 s ample a report z ?is1 be+ ?\ght suffici5t1 w also meet 8 approbation4 ,! fav\r ( "o disc]n+ m9d t compreh5ds my subject1 is wor? intr9sically m ?an t ( half ! nation3 ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 ! half ( :om my g5tle read] is n "o4 ,!y praise & !y admire !y "k n :at1 ,& "k n :om1 b z "o leads ! o!r4--,milton4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,( ,,grammatical ,,success ,,& ,,fame4 ,non is ego sum1 cui aut jucundum1 aut adeo opus sit1 de aliis detrah]e1 et hac vi ad fam>a cont5d]e4 ,melioribus artibus laudem p>>e didici4 ,itaque non lib5t] dico1 quod prs5s in/itutum dic]e cogit4--,jo4 ,,augu/i ,,erne/i ,prf4 ad ,grcum ,lexicon1 p4 vii4 #a4 ,! real hi/ory ( gramm> is little kn[n2 & _m errone\s impressions are ent]ta9$ conc]n+ x3 because ! /ory ( ! sy/ems mo/ g5]ally receiv$ has nev] be5 fully told2 & t ( a multitude n[ gone to oblivion 0 nev] wor? tell+4 ,9 ! di/ribution ( grammatical fame1 :i* has *iefly be5 made by ! h& ( int]e/1 we h _h a /range illu/ration ( ! say+3 ,unto e "o t ha? %all be giv51 & he %all h abundance2 b f him t ha? n1 %all be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he ha?4 ,"s :om =tune has made popul>1 h be5 greatly ov]rat$1 if le>n+ & tal5t are to be tak5 into ! acc\nt2 s9ce x is manife/1 t ) no extraord9>y claims to ei!r1 !y h tak5 ! v =emo/ rank among gramm>ians1 & ?r[n ! le>n+ & tal5ts ( o!rs into ! %ade1 or made !m tribut>y to _! own success & popul>ity4 #b4 ,x is an ungrateful task to correct public op9ion by %[+ ! inju/ice ( praise4 ,fame1 ?\gh x may h be5 bo? unexpect$ & undes]v$1 is apt to be claim$ & valu$ z "p & p>cel ( a man's good "n2 & ! diss5t+ critic1 ?\gh ev]-s c&id1 is liable to be ?\ght an envi\s detractor4 ,x w\ld seem 9 g5]al mo/ prud5t to leave mank9d to f9d out = !mselves h[ f> any comm5dation be/[$ on individuals is inconsi/5t ) tru?4 ,b1 be x rememb]$1 t celebrity is n a virtue2 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 is exp]i5ce ! *eape/ ( tea*]s4 ,a good man may n h done all ?+s ably & well2 & x is c]ta9ly no small mi/ake to e/imate 8 "* by ! curr5t value ( 8 copy-rights4 ,criticism may de/roy ! reputation ( a book1 & n be inconsi/5t ) a cordial respect = ! private wor? ( its au?or4 ,! read] w n be likely to be displeas$ ) :at is to be /at$ 9 ?is *apt]1 if he c believe1 t no man's m]it z a writ]1 may well be enhanc$ by ascrib+ to him t :i* he himself1 = ! protection ( 8 own hon\r1 has be5 con/ra9$ to disclaim4 ,he _c suppose t too mu* is alleg$1 if he w admit t a gramm>ian's fame %\ld be ?\ght safe en\gh 9 8 own keep+4 ,are au?ors apt to und]value _! own p]=mances8 ,or because proprietors & publi%]s may pr(it by ! cr$it ( a book1 %all x be ?\ght illib]al to criticise x8 ,is ! au?or himself to be disbeliev$1 t ! extravagant praises be/[$ ^u him may be ju/ifi$8 ,sup]lative comm5dation1 says ,dillwyn1 is ne> ak9 to detraction4 7,see 8 ,reflections1 p4 #bb47 ,let him1 !re=e1 :o w *>ge detraction ^u me1 fir/ und]/& :]e9 x consi/s4 ,i %all criticise1 freely1 bo? ! works ( ! liv+1 & ! doctr9es ( ^? :o1 to u1 live only 9 _! works2 & if any man dislike ?is fre$om1 let him rebuke x1 %[+ :]e9 x is wrong or unfair4 ,! amiable au?or j quot$1 says aga93 ,praise has s (t5 prov$ an impo/or1 t x w\ld be well1 :]ev] we meet ) x1 to treat x z a vagrant4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,i g n s f> z ?is2 b t eulogy :i* "o kn[s to be false1 he _c b reckon imp]t95t4 #c4 ,few writ]s on gramm> h be5 m not$ ?an ,,william ,,lily & ,,l9dley ,,murray4 ,o!rs h left bett] monum5ts ( _! le>n+ & tal5ts1 b none p]haps h _h great] success & fame4 ,! ,lat9 gramm> :i* 0 = a long "t mo/ popul> 9 ,engl&1 has commonly be5 ascrib$ to ! "o2 & :at ! ,imp]ial ,review1 9 #ahje1 pron\nc$ ! be/ ,engli% gramm>1 beyond all comp>ison1 t has yet appe>$1 0 compil$ by ! o!r4 ,& d\btless !y h bo? be5 rightly judg$ to excel ! g5]ality ( ^? :i* !y 7 int5d$ to sup]s$e2 & bo?1 9 _! day1 may h be5 highly s]viceable to ! cause ( le>n+4 ,= all excell5ce is b comp>ative2 & to grant !m ?is sup]iority1 is nei!r to pref] !m n[1 nor to ju/ify ! praise :i* has be5 be/[$ ^u _! au?or%ip4 ,z ! sci5ce ( gramm> c nev] be taught )\t a book1 or prop]ly taught by any book :i* is n itself grammatical1 x is ( "s importance bo? to tea*]s & to /ud5ts1 to make *oice ( ! be/4 ,k w n advance :]e gramm>s hold rank by prescription4 ,yet x is possible t _m1 9 le>n+ to write & speak1 may h d]iv$ no inconsid]able b5efit f a book t is nei!r accurate nor complete4 #d4 ,) respect to "t1 ^! two gramm>ians 7 ?ree c5turies ap>t2 dur+ :i* p]iod1 ! ,engli% language receiv$ its mo/ classical ref9em5t1 & ! relative e/imation ( ! two /udies1 ,lat9 & ,engli% gramm>1 became 9 a great measure rev]s$4 ,lily 0 an ,engli%man1 born at ,odiham1#f 9 ,hamp%ire1 9 #adff4 ,:5 he _h arriv$ at manhood1 he w5t on a pilgrimage to ,j]usalem2 & :ile abroad /udi$ "s "t at ,rome1 & also at ,p>is4 ,on 8 return he 0 ?\ght "o ( ! mo/ accompli%$ s*ol>s 9 ,engl&4 ,9 #aeaj1 ,dr4 ,john ,colet1 dean ( ,/4 ,paul's *ur*1 9 ,london1 appo9t$ him ! fir/ high ma/] ( ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool1 !n rec5tly f\nd$ by ?is g5tleman's munific5ce4 ,9 ?is situation1 ,lily appe>s to h taught ) great cr$it to himself till #aebb1 :5 he di$ ( ! plague1 at ! age ( #ef4 ,= ! use ( ?is s*ool1 he wrote & publi%$ c]ta9 p>ts ( ! gramm> :i* has s9ce borne 8 "n4 ,( ! au?or%ip ( ?is "w _m curi\s p>ticul>s are /at$ 9 ! preface by ,john ,w>d1 :i* may be se5 9 ! edition ( #agic4 ,lily _h able rivals1 z well z le>n$ coadjutors & fri5ds4 ,by ! aid ( ! latt]1 he took prec$5ce ( ! =m]2 & 8 publications1 ?\gh n volum9\s1 soon ga9$ a g5]al popul>ity4 ,s t :5 an arbitr>y k+ saw fit to sil5ce competition among ! philologi/s1 by becom+ himself1 z ,sir ,?omas ,elliott says1 ! *iefe au?\r & sett]-=? ( an introduction into gramm>1 = ! *ildr5e ( 8 lovynge subjects1 ,lily's ,gramm> 0 pref]r$ = ! basis ( ! /&>d4 ,h5ce1 aft] ! publi%+ ( x became a privilege pat5t$ by ! cr[n1 ! book appe>s to h be5 hon\r$ ) a royal title1 & to h be5 famili>ly call$ ,k+ ,h5ry's ,gramm>4 #e4 ,prefix$ to ?is book1 !re appe>s a v anci5t epi/le to ! read]1 :i* :ile x %[s ! reasons = ?is royal int]f]5ce ) gramm>1 %[s also1 :at is wor?y ( remembrance1 t gu>d$ & ma9ta9$ z x 01 ev5 royal int]f]5ce 0 "h ineffectual to its purpose4 ,x nei!r produc$ uni=mity 9 ! me?ods ( tea*+1 nor1 ev5 = in/ruction 9 a dead language1 entirely prev5t$ ! old manual f becom+ div]se 9 its diff]5t editions4 ,! /yle also may s]ve to illu/rate :at ,i h else:]e said ab\t ! duties ( a mod]n gramm>ian4 ,z = ! div]sitie ( gramm>s1 x is well & pr(itably tak5 awaie by ! ,k+'s ,maje/ies wisdome2 :o1 =esee+ ! inconv5i5ce1 & favorably provid+ ! rem$ie1 caus$ "o k9d ( gramm> by sundry le>n$ m5 to be dilig5tly drawn1 & s to be set out1 only e :]e to be taught1 = ! use ( le>n]s1 & = ! hurt 9 *ang+ ( s*oolemai/]s4 ,t is1 to prev5t ! injury :i* s*oolma/]s 7 do+ by a :imsical *oice1 or frequ5t *ang+1 ( gramm>s4 ,b1 says ! lett]1 ,! v>ietie ( tea*+ is div]s yet1 & alwaies w be2 = t e s*oolemai/] like? t he kn[e?1 & see? n ! use ( t he kn[e? n2 & !re=e judge? t ! mo/ suffici5t waie1 :i* he see? to be ! readie/ meane1 & p]fecte/ k9de1 to br+ a le>n] to h a ?or\gh k !re94 ,! only rem$y = su* an evil !n is1 to tea* ^? :o are to be tea*]s1 & to des]t all :o1 = any :im ( _! own1 des]t s\nd doctr9e4 #f4 ,b1 to return4 ,a law 0 made 9 ,engl& by ,h5ry ! ,eigh?1 comm&+ ,lily's ,gramm> only1 7or t :i* has commonly be5 quot$ z ,lily's17 to be ev]y:]e adopt$ & taught1 z ! common /&>d ( grammatical in/ruction4#g ,be+ long kept 9 =ce by means ( a special inquiry1 direct$ to be made by ! bi%ops at _! /at$ visitations1 ?is law1 = ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 impos$ ! book on all ! e/abli%$ s*ools ( ! realm4 ,yet x is c]ta91 t ab\t "o half ( :at has ?us gone "u ! "n ( ,lily1 7because1 says "o ( ! pat5tees1 he _h s consid]able a h& 9 ! composition17 0 writt5 by ,dr4 ,colet1 by ,erasmus1 or by o!rs :o improv$ ! "w aft] ,lily's dea?4 ,& ( ! o!r half1 x has be5 incid5tally ass]t$ 9 hi/ory1 t nei!r ! s*eme nor ! text 0 orig9al4 ,! ,pr9t]'s ,gramm>1 ,london1 #aghg1 speak+ ( ! art ( type-f\nd]y1 says3 ,! ,italians 9 a %ort "t br\ght x to t p]fection1 t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye> #adgd1 !y ca/ a lett] n mu* inf]ior to ! be/ types ( ! pres5t age2 z may be se5 9 a ,lat9 ,gramm>1 writt5 by ,omnibonus ,leonic5us1 & pr9t$ at ,padua on ! #ad? ( ,janu>y1 #adgd2 f :om our gramm>ian1 ,lily1 has tak5 ! entire s*eme ( 8 ,gramm>1 & transcrib$ ! greate/ "p !re(1 )\t pay+ any reg>d to ! memory ( ?is au?or4 ,! hi/orian !n proce$s to speak ab\t types4 ,see also ! same ?+ 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+1 #hvo1 ,london1 #aggj4 ,?is is ! gramm> :i* be>s ^u its title page3 ,quam solam ,regia ,maje/as 9 omnibus s*olis doc5dam prccipit4 #g4 ,murray 0 an intellig5t & v wor?y man1 to ^: v>i\s lab\rs 9 ! compilation ( books our s*ools are "u _m obligations4 ,b 9 orig9al ?\ght & critical skill he fell f> bel[ mo/ ( ! au?ors to :om1 he confesses1 ! grammatical "p ( 8 compilation is pr9cipally indebt$ = its mat]ials2 namely1 ,h>ris1 ,johnson1 ,l[?1 ,prie/ley1 ,beattie1 ,%]idan1 ,walk]1 ,coote1 ,blair1 & ,campbell4--,introd4 to ,l9dley ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,x is c]ta9 & evid5t t he ent]$ ^u 8 task ) a v insuffici5t prep>ation4 ,8 biography1 :i* 0 comm5c$ by himself & complet$ by "o ( 8 mo/ p>tial fri5ds1 in=ms u1 t1 ,gramm> did n p>ticul>ly engage 8 att5tion1 until a %ort "t previ\s to ! publication ( 8 fir/ "w on t subject2 t1 ,8 ,gramm>1 z x appe>$ 9 ! fir/ edition1 0 complet$ 9 r less ?an a ye>2 t1 ,x 0 begun 9 ! spr+ ( #agid1 & publi%$ 9 ! spr+ ( #agie--?\gh he _h an int]v5+ illness1 :i*1 = sev]al weeks1 /opp$ ! progress ( ! "w2 & t1 ,! ,ex]cises & ,key 7 also compos$ 9 ab\t a ye>4--,life ( ,l4 ,murray1 p4 #ahh4 ,f ! v fir/ s5t5ce ( 8 book1 x appe>s t he ent]ta9$ b a l[ & mo/ errone\s idea ( ! duties ( t sort ( "* 9 :i* he 0 ab\t to come be=e ! public4#h ,he improp]ly imag9$1 z _m o!rs h done1 t little c be expect$ f a mod]n gramm>ian1 or 7z he *ose to express x7 f a new compilation1 besides a c>eful selection ( ! mo/ useful matt]1 & "s degree ( improvem5t 9 ! mode ( adapt+ x to ! und]/&+1 & ! gradual progress ( le>n]s4--,introd4 to ,l4 ,murray's ,gram42 #hvo1 p4 #e2 #abmo1 p4 #c4 ,z if1 to be ma/] ( 8 own art--to ?9k & write well himself1 7 no "p ( a gramm>ian's bus9ess6 ,& aga91 z if ! jewels ( s*ol>%ip1 ?us c>efully select$1 c\ld ne$ a burni% or a foil f o!r h&s ?an ^? :i* fa%ion$ !m6 #h4 ,murray's g5]al idea ( ! doctr9es ( gramm> 0 judici\s4 ,he attempt$ no broad innovation on :at _h be5 previ\sly taught2 = he _h nei!r ! vanity to suppose he c\ld give curr5cy to novelties1 nor ! folly to wa/e 8 "t 9 lab\rs utt]ly nugatory4 ,by turn+ 8 own abilities to _! be/ acc\nt1 he seems to h done mu* to promote & facilitate ! /udy ( our language4 ,b 8 notion ( grammatical au?or%ip1 cuts (f f x all pret5ce to lit]>y m]it1 = ! sake ( do+ good2 &1 tak5 9 any o!r s5se ?an z a =c$ apology = 8 own assumptions1 8 language on ?is po9t is highly injuri\s t[>ds ! v au?ors :om he copi$4 ,to ju/ify himself1 he ung5]\sly places !m1 9 common ) o!rs1 "u a degrad+ necessity :i* no able gramm>ian ev] felt1 & :i* e man ( g5ius or le>n+ mu/ repudiate4 ,if none ( our old] gramm>s disprove 8 ass]tion1 x is "t to h a new "o t w2 =1 to expect ! p]fection ( gramm> f him :o _c treat ! subject 9 a /yle at once orig9al & pure1 is absurd4 ,he says1 ,! great] "p ( an ,engli% gramm> mu/ necess>ily be a compilation 2 & adds1 ) ref]5ce to 8 own1 orig9ality belongs to b a small portion ( x4 ,?is ,i h ackn[l$g$2 & ,i tru/ ?is ackn[l$gem5t w protect me f all attacks1 gr\nd$ on any suppos$ unju/ & irregul> assumptions4 ,?is quotation is f a lett] address$ by ,murray to 8 ,am]ican publi%]s1 9 #ahaa1 aft] !y _h in=m$ him ( c]ta9 compla9ts respect+ ! lib]ties :i* he _h tak5 9 8 "w4 ,see ,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #cd4 #i4 ,! ackn[l$gem5t on :i* he ?us relies1 does n appe> to h be5 made1 till 8 gramm> _h gone ?r\gh sev]al editions4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 at "s p]iod1 introduc$ into 8 %ort preface1 or ,introduction1 9 ! foll[+ well-meant b s+ul>ly sophi/ical t]ms3 ,9 a "w :i* pr(esses itself to be a compilation1 & :i*1 f ! nature & design ( x1 mu/ consi/ *iefly ( mat]ials select$ f ! writ+s ( o!rs1 x is sc>cely necess>y to apologise = ! use :i* ! ,compil] has made ( 8 pr$ecessors' lab\rs1 or = omitt+ to ins]t _! names4 ,f ! alt]ations :i* h be5 frequ5tly made 9 ! s5tim5ts & ! language1 to suit ! connexion1 & to adapt !m to ! p>ticul> purposes = :i* !y are introduc$2 &1 9 _m in/ances1 f ! unc]ta9ty to :om ! passages orig9ally belong$1 ! ins]tion ( names c\ld seldom be made ) propriety4 ,b if ?is c\ld h be5 g5]ally done1 a "w ( ?is nature w\ld d]ive no advantage f x1 equal to ! inconv5i5ce ( cr[d+ ! pages ) a repetition ( names & ref]5ces4 ,x is4 h[ev]1 prop] to ackn[l$ge1 9 g5]al t]ms1 t ! au?ors to :om ! grammatical "p ( ?is compilation is pr9cipally indebt$ = its mat]ials1 are ,h>ris1 ,johnson1 ,l[?1 ,prie/ley1 ,beattie1 ,%]idan1 ,walk]1 & ,coote4--,introd42 ,duodecimo ,gram41 p4 #d2 ,octavo1 p4 #g4 #aj4 ,! fallacy1 or absurdity1 ( ?is language sprung f necessity4 ,an impossible case 0 to be made out4 ,= compilation1 ?\gh ev] s fair1 is n grammatical au?or%ip4 ,b "s ( ! comm5d]s ( ,murray h n only pr(ess$ !mselves satisfi$ ) ?is g5]al ackn[l$gem5t1 b h f\nd 9 x a c&\r & a lib]ality1 a mode/y & a diffid5ce1 :i*1 z !y allege1 ought to protect him f all animadv]sion4 ,are !y fri5ds to le>n+8 ,let !m calmly consid] :at ,i reluctantly (f] = its def5ce & promotion4 ,9 "o ( ! recomm5dations app5d$ to ,murray's gramm>s1 x is said1 ,!y h ne>ly sup]s$$ e ?+ else ( ! k9d1 by conc5trat+ ! rem>ks ( ! be/ au?ors on ! subject4 ,b1 9 tru?1 ) sev]al ( ! be/ ,engli% gramm>s publi%$ previ\sly to 8 own1 ,murray appe>s to h be5 totally unacqua9t$4 ,! *ief1 if n ! only s*ool gramm>s :i* 7 l>gely copi$ by him1 7 ,l[?'s & ,prie/ley's1 ?\gh o!rs p]haps may h %>$ ! fate ( ^! 9 be+ sup]s$$ by 84 ,x may be se5 by inspection1 t 9 copy+ ^! two au?ors1 ! compil]1 agreeably to :at he says above1 omitt$ all names & ref]5ces--ev5 su* z !y _h scrupul\sly ins]t$3 &1 at ! outset1 assum$ to be himself ! sole au?ority = all 8 doctr9es & illu/rations2 satisfy+ 8 own m9d ) mak+1 "s ye>s aft]w>ds1 t g5]al apology :i* we are n[ criticis+4 ,= if he s mutilat$ & alt]$ ! passages :i* he adopt$1 z to make x improp] to add ! names ( _! au?ors1 ^u :at o!r au?ority ?an 8 own d !y re/8 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 he g5]ally copi$ )\t alt]ation2 8 examples are /ill anonym\s1 :ile 8 fir/ reason = leav+ !m s1 is pla9ly de/roy$3 because 8 position is ?us f> contradict$ by ! fact4 #aa4 ,9 8 lat] editions1 h[ev]1 !re are two op9ions :i* ! compil] ?\ght prop] to support by regul> quotations2 &1 n[ & !n1 9 o!r in/ances1 ! "n ( an au?or appe>s4 ,! two positions ?us di/+ui%$1 are ^!3 ,fir/1 ,t ! n\n means is necess>ily s+ul> z well z plural1 s t "o _c ) propriety use ! s+ul> =m1 mean1 to signify t by :i* an end is atta9$2 ,second1 ,t ! subjective mood1 to :i* he himself _h previ\sly giv5 all ! t5ses )\t inflection1 is n diff]5t 9 =m f ! indicative1 except 9 ! pres5t t5se4 ,) reg>d to ! lat] po9t1 ,i h %[n1 9 its prop] place1 t he taught errone\sly1 bo? be=e & aft] he *ang$ 8 op9ion2 & conc]n+ ! =m]1 ! mo/ t c be prov$ by quotation1 is1 t bo? mean & means = ! s+ul> numb]1 long h be51 & /ill are1 9 good use1 or sanction$ by _m elegant writ]s2 s t ei!r =m may yet be consid]$ grammatical1 ?\gh ! irregul> c claim to be s1 only :5 x is us$ 9 ?is p>ticul> s5se4 ,z to 8 second reason = ! suppression ( names1 to wit1 ! unc]ta9ty to :om ! passages orig9ally belong$1--to make ! mo/ ( x1 x is b p>tial & relative2 &1 surely1 no o!r gramm> ev] be=e s multipli$ ! difficulty 9 ! eyes ( tea*]s1 & s wid5$ ! field = commonplace au?or%ip1 z has ! compilation 9 "q4 ,! orig9 ( a s5tim5t or passage may be unc]ta9 to "o man1 & p]fectly well kn[n to an o!r4 ,! emb>rassm5t :i* a compil] may happ5 to f9d f ?is s\rce1 is wor?y ( little sympa?y4 ,= he _c b "k f :at "w he is tak+ any p>ticul> s5t5ce or p>agraph1 & ^? p>ts ( a gramm>1 :i* are new to ! eye ( a great gramm>ian1 may v well be cr$it$ to him :o claims to h writt5 ! book4 ,i h ?us dispos$ ( 8 second reason = ! omission ( names & ref]5ces1 9 compilations ( gramm>4 #ab4 ,!re rema9s "o m3 ,a "w ( ?is nature w\ld d]ive no advantage f x1 equal to ! inconv5i5ce ( cr[d+ ! pages ) a repetition ( names & ref]5ces4 ,) reg>d to a small "w1 9 :i* ! matt] is to be v closely cond5s$1 ?is argum5t has consid]able =ce4 ,b ,murray has 9 g5]al all[$ himself v ample room1 especially 9 8 two octavoes4 ,9 ^!1 & = ! mo/ "p also 9 8 duodecimoes1 all ne$ful ref]5ces might easily h be5 add$ )\t increas+ ! size ( 8 volumes1 or injur+ _! appe>ance4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t51 ! names w\ld only h be5 occupi$ :at is n[ blank space4 ,x is to be rememb]$1 t ^! books d n diff] mu*1 except 9 quantity ( pap]4 ,8 octavo ,gramm> is b little m ?an a repr9t1 9 a l>g] type1 ( ! duodecimo ,gramm>1 toge!r ) 8 ,ex]cises & ,key4 ,! dem& = ?is exp5sive publication has be5 comp>atively small2 & x is *iefly to ! o!rs1 t ! au?or owes 8 popul>ity z a gramm>ian4 ,z to ! advantage :i* ,murray or 8 "w might h d]iv$ f an adh]5ce on 8 "p to ! usual cu/om ( compil]s1 t may be v>i\sly e/imat$4 ,! rem>ks ( ! be/ gramm>ians or ! s5tim5ts ( ! be/ au?ors1 are h>dly to be ?\ght ! m wor?y ( acceptance1 = be+ conc5trat$ 9 su* a mann] z to m]ge _! au!nticity 9 ! fame ( ! copyi/4 ,let me n be und]/ood to sugge/ t ?is good man s\ght popul>ity at ! exp5se ( o!rs2 = ,i d n believe t ei!r fame or int]e/ 0 8 motive4 ,b ! "r ( au?ors to ! cr$it ( _! writ+s1 is a delicate po9t2 &1 surely1 8 example w\ld h be5 wor?i] ( imitation1 _h he left no gr\nd = ! =ego+ objections1 & c>efully b>r$ ! way to any su* int]f]5ce4 #ac4 ,b let ! fir/ s5t5ce ( ?is apology be n[ consid]$4 ,x is "h sugge/$1 t because ?is "w is a compilation1 ev5 su* an ackn[l$gem5t z ! au?or makes1 is sc>cely necess>y4 ,?is is too mu* to say4 ,yet "o may readily admit1 t a compilation1 f ! nature & design ( x1 mu/ consi/ *iefly--nay1 :olly--( mat]ials select$ f ! writ+s ( o!rs4 ,b :at able gramm>ian w\ld ev] will+ly ?r[ himself ^u ! horns ( su* a dilemma6 ,! nature & design ( a book1 :atev] !y may be1 are matt]s = :i* ! au?or alone is answ]able2 b ! nature & design ( gramm>1 are no less repugnant to ! /ra9 ( ?is apology1 ?an to ! va/ numb] ( errors & defects :i* 7 ov]look$ by ,murray 9 8 "w ( compilation4 ,x is ! express purpose ( ?is practical sci5ce1 to enable a man to write well himself4 ,he t _c d ?is1 exhibits no excess ( mode/y :5 he claims to h done all t c\ld reasonably be expect$ 9 a "w ( ?is nature4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 ,introd41 p4 #i4 ,he t sees ) o!r m5's eyes1 is peculi>ly liable to errors & inconsi/5cies3 uni=mity is seldom f\nd 9 pat*work1 or accuracy 9 secondh& lit]ature4 ,correctness ( language is 9 ! m9d1 r ?an 9 ! h& or ! tongue2 &1 9 ord] to secure x1 "s orig9ality ( ?\ght is necess>y4 ,a del9eation f new surveys is n ! less orig9al because ! same region has be5 sket*$ be=e2 & h[ c he be ! able/ ( surveyors1 :o1 ?r\gh lack ( skill or indu/ry1 does little m ?an transcribe ! field-notes & copy ! projections ( 8 pr$ecessors8 #ad4 ,?is au?or's ov]sights are num]\s4 ,!re is no "p ( ! volume m accurate ?an t :i* he lit]ally copi$ f ,l[?4 ,to ! ,%ort ,introduction alone1 he 0 indebt$ = m ?an a hundr$ & tw5ty p>agraphs2 & ev5 9 ^! !re are _m ?+s obvi\sly errone\s4 ,_m ( ! be/ practical notes 7 tak5 f ,prie/ley2 yet x 0 he1 at ^: doctr9es 7 po9t$ mo/ ( ^? positions & discussions1 :i* alone ! au?or claims z orig9al4 ,to "s ( ^! reason+s1 h[ev]1 8 own alt]ations may h giv5 rise2 =1 :]e he p]suades himself he is n de/itute ( orig9ality1 he is (t5 argu+ aga9/ ! text ( 8 own e>li] editions4 ,web/]'s well-kn[n compla9ts ( ,murray's unfairness1 _h a f> bett] cause ?an requital2 = !re 0 no g5]osity 9 ascrib+ !m to peevi%ness1 ?\gh ! passages 9 "q 7 n wor? copy+4 ,on p]spicuity & accuracy1 ab\t sixty pages 7 extract$ f ,blair2 & x requires no great critical acum5 to discov]1 t !y are mis]ably defici5t 9 bo?4 ,on ! law ( language1 !re are fifte5 pages f ,campbell2 :i*1 ) a few exceptions1 are well writt54 ,! rules = spell+ are ! same z ,walk]'s3 ! ?ird "o1 h[ev]1 is a gross blund]2 & ! f\r?1 a1 ne$less repetition4 #ae4 ,7 ?is a place = m9ute criticism1 blemi%es almo/ innum]able might be po9t$ out4 ,x might easily be %[n t almo/ e rule laid d[n 9 ! book = ! obs]vance ( ! le>n]1 0 repeat$ly violat$ by ! h& ( ! ma/]4 ,nor is !re among all ^? :o h s9ce abridg$ or modifi$ ! "w1 an abl] gramm>ian ?an he :o compil$ x4 ,:o w pret5d t ,fl9t1 ,ald51 ,comly1 ,jaudon1 ,russell1 ,bacon1 ,lyon1 ,mill]1 ,alg]1 ,maltby1 ,+]soll1 ,fisk1 ,gre5leaf1 ,m]*ant1 ,kirkham1 ,coop]1 ,r4 ,g4 ,gre5e1 ,woodwor?1 ,smi?1 or ,fro/1 has exhibit$ great] skill8 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve1 h[ frequ5tly a grammatical blund] committ$ by ,murray1 or "s "o ( 8 pr$ecessors1 has escap$ ! notice ( all ^!1 z well z ( _m o!rs :o h f\nd x easi] to copy him ?an to write = !mselves4 ,no man pr(ess+ to h copi$ & improv$ ,murray1 c rationally be suppos$ to h greatly excell$ him2 = to pret5d to h produc$ an improv$ copy ( a compilation1 is to claim a sort ( au?or%ip1 ev5 inf]ior to 81 & utt]ly unwor?y ( any man :o is able to prescribe & elucidate ! pr9ciples ( ,engli% gramm>4 #af4 ,b ,murray's grammatical works1 be+ extoll$ 9 ! reviews1 & made common /ock 9 trade1--be+ publi%$1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica1 by booksell]s ( ! mo/ ext5sive correspond5ce1 & highly comm5d$ ev5 by ^? :o 7 mo/ int]e/$ 9 ! sale ( !m1--h be5 em95tly successful ) ! public2 & 9 ! op9ion ( ! _w1 success is ! /ronge/ pro( ( m]it4 ,nor has ! =ce ( ?is argum5t be5 ov]look$ by ^? :o h writt5 9 aid ( 8 popul>ity4 ,x is ! /rong po9t 9 mo/ ( ! comm5dations :i* h be5 be/[$ ^u ,murray z a gramm>ian4 ,a rec5t eulogi/ computes1 t1 at lea/ five millions ( copies ( 8 v>i\s s*ool-books h be5 pr9t$2 p>ticul>ly comm5ds him = 8 c&\r & lib]ality t[>ds rival au?ors2 av]s t1 he w5t on1 exam9+ & correct+ 8 ,gramm>1 ?r\gh all its =ty editions1 till he br\ght x to a degree ( p]fection :i* w r5d] x z p]man5t z ! ,engli% language itself2 c5sures 7& n )\t reason7 ! presumption ( ^? sup]ficial critics :o h attempt$ to am5d ! "w1 & usurp 8 hon\rs2 &1 reg>d+ ! compil]'s confession ( 8 indebt$ness to o!rs1 b z a m>k ( 8 exempl>y diffid5ce ( 8 own m]its1 adds1 79 v bad ,engli%17 ,p]haps !re nev] 0 an au?or ^: success & fame 7 m unexpect$ by himself ?an ,l9dley ,murray4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #cc4 #ag4 ,9 a ,new-,york edition ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 pr9t$ 9 #ahab1 !re 0 ins]t$ a ,caution to ! ,public1 by ,coll9s ,co41 8 ,am]ican correspond5ts & publi%]s1 9 :i* are set =? ! unp>allel$ success & m]it ( ! "w1 z x came 9 purity f ! p5 ( ! au?or2 ) an e>ne/ remon/rance aga9/ ! sev]al revis$ editions :i* _h appe>$ at ,bo/on1 ,philadelphia1 & o!r places1 & aga9/ ! unw>rantable lib]ties tak5 by ,am]ican tea*]s1 9 alt]+ ! "w1 "u pret5ce ( improv+ x4 ,9 ?is article x is /at$1 t ! :ole ( ^! mutilat$ editions h be5 se5 & exam9$ by ,l9dley ,murray himself1 & t !y1 h met ) 8 decid$ disapprobation4 ,e rational m9d1 cont9ue ^! g5tlem51 w agree ) him1 t1 '! rights ( liv+ au?ors1 & ! int]e/s ( sci5ce & lit]ature1 dem& ! abolition ( ?is ung5]\s practice4' 7,see ?is also 9 ,murray's ,key1 #abmo1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahaa1 p4 iii47 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! feel+ & op9ion ( ,murray himself1 ^u ?is t5d] po9t ( "r4 ,"h we see ! tables turn$1 & o!r m5 judg+ x sc>cely necess>y to apologize = ! use :i* !y h made ( _! pr$ecessors' lab\rs4 #ah4 ,x is really rem>kable to f9d an au?or & 8 admir]s s mu* at v>iance1 z are ,murray & 8 comm5d]s1 9 relation to 8 grammatical au?or%ip2 & yet1 "u :at circum/ances c\ld m5 h /rong] desires to avoid app>5t contradiction8 ,!y1 on ! "o side1 claim = him ! highe/ degree ( m]it z a gramm>ian2 & cont9ue to applaud 8 works z if no?+ m c\ld be desir$ 9 ! /udy ( ,engli% gramm>--a bran* ( le>n+ :i* "s ( !m are will+ emphatically to call 8 sci5ce4 ,he1 on ! contr>y1 to av]t ! *>ge ( plagi>ism1 disclaims almo/ e ?+ 9 :i* any degree ( lit]>y m]it consi/s2 supposes x impossible to write an ,engli% gramm> ! great] "p ( :i* is n a compilation2 ackn[l$ges t orig9ality belongs to b a small "p ( 8 own2 tru/s t su* a g5]al ackn[l$gem5t w protect him f all c5sure2 suppresses ! names ( o!r writ]s1 & leaves 8 examples to re/ solely on 8 own au?ority2 &1 cont5t$ ) ! great respectability ( 8 private "* & /ation1 is satisfi$ ) be+ useful z an au?or4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #cc4 ,by ! high praises be/[$ ^u 8 works1 8 own voice is ov]borne3 ! trumpet ( fame has dr[n$ x4 ,8 lib]al au?or%ip is pr(itable 9 trade1 & int]e/ has p[] to swell & prolong ! /ra94 #ai4 ,! "n & "* ( ,l9dley ,murray are too v5]able to all[ u to approa* ev5 ! errors ( 8 gramm>s1 )\t "s recognition ( ! respect due to 8 p]sonal virtues & b5evol5t int5tions4 ,= ! private virtues ( ,murray1 ,i ent]ta9 z cordial a respect z any o!r man4 ,no?+ is argu$ aga9/ ^!1 ev5 if x be prov$ t causes indep5d5t ( true lit]>y m]it h giv5 him 8 great & unexpect$ fame z a gramm>ian4 ,x is n int5d$ by ! introduction ( ^! notices1 to impute to him any ?+ m or less ?an :at 8 own words pla9ly imply2 except ^? inaccuracies & defici5cies :i* /ill disgrace 8 "w z a lit]>y p]=mance1 & :i* ( c\rse he did n discov]4 ,he himself knew t he _h n br\ght ! book to su* p]fection z has be5 ascrib$ to x2 =1 by way ( apology = 8 frequ5t alt]ations1 he says1 ,works ( ?is nature admit ( repeat$ improvem5ts2 & are1 p]haps1 nev] complete4 ,necessity has urg$ ?is reason+ ^u me4 ,i am z f> f any invidi\s feel+1 or any sordid motive1 z 0 ,l9dley ,murray4 ,b x is due to tru?1 to correct errone\s impressions2 &1 9 ord] to obta9 f "s an imp>tial exam9ation ( ! foll[+ pages1 x seem$ necess>y fir/ to conv9ce !m1 t x is possible to compose a bett] gramm> ?an ,murray's1 )\t be+ p>ticul>ly indebt$ to him4 ,if ?is treatise is n su*1 a great deal ( "t has be5 ?r[n away ^u a useless project2 & if x is1 ! a*ievem5t is no fit subject = ei!r pride or envy4 ,x diff]s f 81 & f all ! pret5d$ am5dm5ts ( 81 z a new map1 drawn f actual & m9ute surveys1 diff]s f an old "o1 compil$ *iefly f o!rs /ill old] & confess$ly /ill m imp]fect4 ,! region & ! scope are ess5tially ! same2 ! trac+ & ! col\r+ are m orig9al2 & 7if ! read] c p>don ! sugge/ion7 p]haps m accurate & vivid4 #bj4 ,he :o makes a new gramm>1 does no?+ = ! advancem5t ( le>n+1 unless 8 p]=mance excel all e>li] ones design$ = ! same purpose2 & no?+ = 8 own hon\r1 unless su* excell5ce result f ! ex]cise ( 8 own +5uity & ta/e4 ,a good /yle naturally comm5ds itself to e read]--ev5 to him :o _c tell :y x is wor?y ( pref]5ce4 ,h5ce !re is reason to believe1 t ! true pr9ciples ( practical gramm>1 d$uc$ f cu/om & sanction$ by "t1 w nev] be g5]ally sup]s$$ by any ?+ :i* individual caprice may sub/itute4 ,9 ! republic ( lett]s1 !re w always be "s :o c di/+ui% m]it2 & x is impossible t ^! %\ld ev] be conv]t$ to any :imsical !ory ( language1 :i* goes to make void ! le>n+ ( pa/ ages4 ,!re w always be "s :o c disc]n ! diff]5ce betwe5 orig9ality ( /yle1 & innovation 9 doctr9e1--betwe5 a due reg>d to ! op9ions ( o!rs1 & an actual usurpation ( _! text2 & x is incr$ible t ^! %\ld ev] be satisfi$ ) any m]e compilation ( gramm>1 or ) any su* au?or%ip z ei!r confesses or betrays ! writ]'s own incompet5ce4 ,= x is n true1 t1 an ,engli% gramm> mu/ necess>ily be1 9 any consid]able degree1 if at all1 a compilation2 nay1 on su* a !me1 & 9 ! grammatical "p ( ! "w1 all compilation beyond a fair use ( au?orities regul>ly quot$1 or ( mat]ials ei!r volunt>ily furni%$ or free to all1 mo/ unavoidably implies--n consci\s ability1 g5]\sly do+ hon\r to rival m]it--nor exempl>y diffid5ce1 mode/ly veil+ its own--b inadequate skill & inf]ior tal5ts1 brib+ ! public by ! spoils ( g5ius1 & seek+ prec$5ce by su* means z n ev5 ! pure/ desire ( do+ good c ju/ify4 #ba4 ,among ! pr(ess$ copi]s ( ,murray1 !re is n "o to :om ! =ego+ rem>ks d n apply1 z =cibly z to him4 ,= no "o ( !m all has attempt$ any ?+ m hon\rable to himself1 or m b5eficial to ! public1 ?an :at _! ma/] _h be=e a*iev$2 nor is !re any "o1 :o1 ) ! same dis9t]e/$ness1 has gu>d$ 8 design f ! imputation ( a pecuni>y motive4 ,x is comical to obs]ve :at !y say 9 _! prefaces4 ,betwe5 praise to su/a9 _! *oice ( a model1 & blame to make room = _! pret5d$ am5dm5ts1 !y are (t5 plac$ 9 z awkw>d a dilemma1 z t :i* 0 contriv$ :5 gramm> 0 id5tifi$ ) compilation4 ,i %\ld h mu* to say1 7 ,i to %[ !m all 9 _! true light4#i ,few ( !m h _h su* success z to be wor?y ( notice "h2 b ! names ( _m w f9d frequ5t place 9 my code ( false gramm>4 ,! "o :o seems to be n[ tak+ ! lead 9 fame & rev5ue1 fill$ ) glad wond] at 8 own popul>ity1 is ,,samuel ,,kirkham4 ,^u ?is g5tleman's p]=mance1 ,i %all !re=e be/[ a few brief obs]vations4 ,if ,i d n ov]rate ?is au?or's lit]>y importance1 a fair exhibition ( ! "* ( 8 gramm>1 may be made an in/ructive lesson to "s ( our mod]n lit]ati4 ,! book is a /rik+ sample ( a num]\s species4 #bb4 ,kirkham's treatise is entitl$1 ,engli% ,gramm> 9 famili> ,lectures1 accompani$ by a ,comp5dium2 t is1 by a fold$ %eet4 ,( ?is "w1 ( :i* ,i h rec5tly se5 copies purport+ to be ( ! ,,sixty-,,sev5? ,,edition1 & o!rs aga9 ( ! ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fif? ,,edition1 ea* publi%$ at ,baltimore 9 #ahce1 ,i c give no e>li] acc\nt1 ?an :at may be d]iv$ f ! ,,second ,,edition1 enl>g$ & mu* improv$1 :i* 0 publi%$ at ,h>risburg 9 #ahbe4 ,! preface1 :i* appe>s to h be5 writt5 = 8 fir/ edition1 is dat$1 ,fr$]ickt[n1 ,md41 ,augu/ #bb1 #ahbc4 ,9 x1 !re is no recognition ( any obligation to ,murray1 or to any o!r gramm>ian 9 p>ticul>2 b ) ! mode/ assumption1 t ! /yle ( ! be/ philologi/s1 ne$$ to be ret\*$1 ! book is pres5t$ to ! _w "u ! foll[+ pret5sions3 ,! au?or ( ?is production has endeav\r$ to cond5se all ! mo/ important subject-matt] ( ! :ole sci5ce1 & pres5t x 9 s small a compass t ! le>n] c become famili>ly acqua9t$ ) x 9 a %ort "t4 ,he makes b small pret5sions to orig9ality 9 !oretical matt]4 ,mo/ ( ! pr9ciples laid d[n1 h be5 select$ f our be/ mod]n philologi/s4 ,if 8 "w is entitl$ to any degree ( m]it1 x is n on acc\nt ( a judici\s selection ( pr9ciples & rules1 b = ! easy mode adopt$ ( communicat+ ^! to ! m9d ( ! le>n]4--,kirkham's ,gramm>1 #ahbe1 p4 #aj4 #bc4 ,x w be f\nd on exam9ation1 t :at ?is au?or reg>d$ z all ! mo/ important subject-matt] ( ! :ole sci5ce ( gramm>1 includ$ no?+ m ?an ! mo/ common elem5ts ( ! or?ography1 etymology1 & syntax1 ( ! ,engli% tongue--beyond :i* 8 s*ol>%ip appe>s n to h ext5d$4 ,:atsoev] relates to d]ivation1 to ! s\nds ( ! lett]s1 to prosody1 7z punctuation1 utt]ance1 figures1 v]sification1 & poetic diction17 f\nd no place 9 8 compreh5sive sy/em ( gramm>2 nor d 8 lat] editions treat any ( ^! ?+s amply or well4 ,9 %ort1 he treats no?+ well2 = he is a bad writ]4 ,comm5c+ 8 c>e] ( au?or%ip "u circum/ances ! mo/ =bidd+1 yet receiv+ enc\ragem5t f comm5dations be/[$ 9 pity1 he proce$$1 l a man ( bus9ess1 to pr(it ma9ly by ! *ance2 &1 )\t ev] acquir+ ei!r ! feel+s or ! habits ( a s*ol>1 soon le>n$ by exp]i5ce t1 ,x is mu* bett] to write ?an to />ve4--,kirkham's ,gram41 ,/]eotyp$1 p4 #hi4 ,x is cruel 9 any man1 to look n>r[ly into ! faults ( an au?or :o p$dles a s*ool-book = bread4 ,! />vel+ wret* ^: def5ce & plea are pov]ty & sickness1 dem&s1 & mu/ h1 9 ! "n ( humanity1 an immunity f criticism1 if n ! patronage ( ! public4 ,f> be x f me1 to notice any su* "*1 except ) k9dness & *>ity4 ,nor ne$ ,i be told1 t t5d]ness is due to ! "y2 or t noble results sometimes foll[ unhopeful beg9n+s4 ,^! ?+s are und]/ood & duly appreciat$4 ,! g5tleman 0 "y once1 ev5 z he says2 & ,i1 8 equal 9 ye>s1 0 !n1 9 au?or%ip1 z "y--?\gh1 x 7 to be hop$1 n q s immature4 ,b1 z circum/ances alt] cases1 s "t & *ance alt] circum/ances4 ,"u no circum/ances1 h[ev]1 c ! artifices ( quack]y be ?\ght excusable 9 him :o claims to be ! v greate/ ( mod]n gramm>ians4 ,! ni*e t 9 ! temple ( le>n+ belongs to any individual1 c be no o!r ?an t :i* 8 own lab\rs h pur*as$3 "h1 8 own m]it alone mu/ be 8 p$e/al4 ,if ?is critical sket* be unimpea*ably j1 its publication requires no fur!r w>rant4 ,! correction has be5 =borne1 till ! subject ( x has become ri*1 & popul>1 & pr\d2 pr\d en\gh at lea/ to h publi%$ 8 utt] contempt = me & all my works4 ,yet n = ?is d ,i judge him wor?y ( notice "h1 b m]ely z an apt example ( "s m5's grammatical success & fame4 ,! ways & means to ^! gr& results are :at ,i purpose n[ to consid]4 #bd4 ,! common supposition1 t ! _w is /eadily advanc+ 9 k & improvem5t1 w\ld seem to imply1 t ! man :o c\ld plausibly boa/ ( be+ ! mo/ successful & mo/ popul> gramm>ian ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 _c b be a s*ol> ( su* m]it z to des]ve "s place1 if n 9 ! g5]al lit]>y hi/ory ( 8 age1 at lea/ 9 ! p>ticul> hi/ory ( ! sci5ce :i* he tea*es4 ,x w pres5tly be se5 t ! au?or ( ,engli% ,gramm> 9 ,famili> ,lectures1 boa/s ( a degree ( success & popul>ity1 :i*1 9 ?is age ( ! _w1 has no p>allel4 ,x is n int5d$ on my "p1 to dispute any ( 8 ass]tions on ^! po9ts2 b r to take x = grant$1 t 9 reputation & rev5ue he is altoge!r z prem95t z he pret5ds to be4 ,! "* ( 8 alleg$ improvem5ts1 h[ev]1 ,i %all inspect ) ! eyes ( "o :o means to "k ! c]ta9ty = himself2 &1 9 ?is item ( lit]>y hi/ory1 ! read] %all see1 9 "s sort1 :at pr(it !re is 9 gramm>4 ,is ! common language ( two ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ enlight5$ nations on e>? s little und]/ood1 & its true gramm> s little kn[n or appreciat$1 t "o ( ! mo/ uns*ol>ly & incompet5t ( all pret5d]s to gramm> c h f\nd means to outrival all ! gramm>ians :o h prec$$ him8 ,h plagi>ism & quack]y become ! only means ( success 9 philology8 ,are !re n[ in/ances to :i* an intellig5t critic may po9t1 & say1 ,?is man1 or t1 ?\gh he c sc>cely write a page ( good ,engli%1 has pat*$ up a gramm>1 by ! help ( ,murray's text only1 & !reby made himself ri*8 ,is !re su* a *>m 9 ! "n ( ,murray1 & ! ^w improvem5t1 t by ^! two implem5ts alone1 ! obscure/ ( m51 or ! absurde/ ( tea*]s1 may "w 8 passage to fame2 & !n1 p]*ance1 by contra/ ( circum/ances1 gr[ conceit$ & arrogant1 f ! =tune ( ! und]tak+8 ,let u see :at we c f9d 9 ,kirkham's ,gramm>1 :i* w g to answ] ^! que/ions4 #be4 ,take fir/ f "o page ( 8 hundr$ & fif? edition1 a few brief quotations1 z a sample ( 8 ?\ghts & /yle3 ,!y1 h[ev]1 :o introduce usages :i* dep>t f ! analogy & philosophy ( a language1 are conspicu\s among ! numb] ( ^? :o =m t language1 & h p[] to control x4 ,,pr9ciple4--,a pr9ciple 9 gramm> is a peculi> con/ruction ( ! language1 sanction$ by good usage4 ,,def9ition4--,a def9ition 9 gramm> is a pr9ciple ( language express$ 9 a def9ite =m4 ,,rule4--,a rule describes ! peculi> con/ruction or circum/antial relation ( words1 :i* cu/om has e/abli%$ = our obs]vance4--,kirkham's ,gramm>1 page #ah4 ,n[1 z a rule describes a peculi> con/ruction1 & a pr9ciple is a peculi> con/ruction1 & a def9ition is a pr9ciple2 h[1 accord+ to ?is gramm>ian1 d a pr9ciple1 a def9ition1 & a rule1 diff] ea* f ! o!rs8 ,f ! rote "h impos$1 x is c]ta9ly n easi] = ! le>n] to conceive ( all ^! ?+s di/9ctly1 ?an x is to und]/& h[ a dep>ture f philosophy may make a man des]v$ly conspicu\s4 ,x 7 easy to multiply examples l ^!1 %[+ ! "w to be defici5t 9 cle>ness1 ! fir/ requisite ( /yle4 #bf4 ,! foll[+ passages may s]ve z a specim5 ( ! g5tleman's ta/e1 & grammatical accuracy2 9 "o ( :i*1 he supposes ! neut] v]b is to express an action1 & e hone/ man to be long s9ce dead6 ,s x /&s 9 all 8 editions4 ,did 8 prais]s ?9k s too8 ,x is correct to say1 ,! man eats1 he eats2 b we _c say1 ,! man dog eats1 he dog eats4 ,:y n8 ,because ! man is "h repres5t$ z ! possessor1 & dog1 ! prop]ty1 or ?+ possess$2 & ! g5ius ( our language requires1 t :5 we add to ! possessor1 ! ?+ :i* he is repres5t$ z possess+1 ! possessor %all take a p>ticul> =m to %[ ,,its case1 or relation to ! prop]ty4--,ib41 p4 #eb4 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,t5se4--,?is t5se is sometimes appli$ to repres5t ! actions ( p]sons long s9ce dead2 z1 ',s5eca reasons & moralizes well2 ,an ,,hone/ ,,man ,,is ! noble/ "w ( ,god4'--,ib41 p4 #ach4 ,,p>ticiples4--,! t]m ,p>ticiple comes f ! ,lat9 ^w p>ticipio1#aj :i* signifies to p>take4--,p>ticiples are =m$ by add+ to ! v]b ! t]m9ation +1 ed1 or en4 ,+ signifies ! same ?+ z ! n\n be+4 ,:5 po/fix$ to ! n\n-/ate ( ! v]b1 ! comp\nd ^w ?us =m$ expresses a cont9u$ /ate ( ! v]bal d5otem5t4 ,x implies t :at is meant by ! v]b1 is be+ cont9u$4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,all p>ticiples are comp\nd 9 _! mean+ & (fice4--,ib41 p4 #gi4 ,,v]bs4--,v]bs express1 n only ! /ate or mann] ( be+1 b1 likewise1 all ! diff]5t actions & movem5ts ( all creatures & ?+s1 :e!r animate or inanimate4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,x c be easily %[n1 t f ! n\n & v]b1 all ! o!r p>ts ( spee* h sprung4 ,nay1 m4 ,!y may ev5 be r$uc$ to "o4 ,v]bs d n1 9 reality1 express actions2 b !y are intr9sically ! m]e ,,names ( actions4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,,philosophical ,,gramm>4--,i h ?\ght prop] to int]sp]se ?r\gh ! pages ( ?is "w1 "u ! head ( ',philosophical ,notes1' an entire sy/em ( grammatical pr9ciples1 z d$uc$ f :at appe>s#aa to me to be ! mo/ rational & consi/5t philosophical inve/igations4-- ,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,johnson1 & ,blair1 & ,l[?1 w\ld h be5 laugh$ at1 _h !y essay$ to ?ru/ any ?+ l our mod]niz$ philosophical gramm> d[n ! ?roats ( _! cotempor>ies4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,is x n a pity1 t m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 & y\? %\ld be daily por+ ov] language & logic l ?is8 #bg4 ,= ! sake ( ^? :o happily rema9 ignorant ( ?is successful empiricism1 x is desirable t ! record & exposition ( x be made brief4 ,!re is little dang] t x w long survive its au?or4 ,b ! pres5t subjects ( x are suffici5tly num]\s to des]ve "s pity4 ,! foll[+ is a sample ( ! g5tleman's me?od ( a*iev+ :at he bo? ju/ly & exult+ly supposes1 t ,johnson1 or ,blair1 or ,l[?1 c\ld n h effect$4 ,he sc(fs at 8 own grave in/ructions1 z if !y _h be5 ! production ( "s o!r impo/or4 ,c ! fact be cr$it$1 t 9 ! foll[+ in/ances1 he speaks ( :at he himself tea*es8--( :at he s]i\sly pron\nces mo/ rational & consi/5t8--( :at is "p & p>cel ( t philosophy ( 81 :i* he decl>es1 w 9 g5]al be f\nd to accord ) ! practical !ory embrac$ 9 ! body ( 8 "w8--,see ,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,call ?is 'philosophical p>s+1 on reason+ pr9ciples1 accord+ to ! orig9al laws ( nature & ( ?\ght1' & ! pill w be swall[$1 by p$ants & _! dupes1 ) ! greate/ ease imag9able4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #add4 ,= ! satisfaction ( ^? tea*]s :o pref] x1 & = _! adoption1 too1 a mod]niz$ philosophical !ory ( ! moods & t5ses is "h pres5t$4 ,if x is n q s conv5i5t & useful z ! old "o1 !y ne$ n hesitate to adopt x4 ,x has ! advantage ( be+ new2 &1 moreov]1 x s\nds l>ge1 & w make ! commonalty />e4 ,let x be di/9ctly und]/ood t y tea* ',kirkham's philosophical gramm>1 f\nd$ on reason & common s5se1' & y w pass = a v le>n$ man1 & make all ! good h\sewives wond] at ! rapid m>* ( intellect1 & ! va/ improvem5ts ( ! age4--,ib41 p4 #ada4 #bh4 ,! pretty promises ) :i* ^! ,famili> ,lectures ab\nd1 are also wor?y to be notic$ "h1 z be+ among ! peculi> attractions ( ! p]=mance4 ,! foll[+ may s]ve z a specim53 ,if y proce$ accord+ to my in/ructions1 y w be sure to acquire a practical k ( ,gramm> 9 a %ort "t4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #di4 ,if y h suffici5t resolution to d ?is1 y w1 9 a %ort "t1 p]fectly und]/& ! nature & (fice ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 _! v>i\s prop]ties & relations1 & ! rules ( syntax t apply to !m2 &1 9 a few weeks1 be able to speak & write accurately4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,y w please to turn back & read ov] aga9 ! :ole five lectures4 ,y mu/ ex]cise a little pati5ce4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,by /udy+ ^! lectures ) att5tion1 y w acquire m grammatical k 9 ?ree mon?s1 ?an is commonly obta9$ 9 two ye>s4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,i w conduct y s smoo?ly ?r\gh ! moods & t5ses1 & ! conjugation ( v]bs1 t1 in/ead ( f9d+ y\rself involv$ 9 obscurities & deep intricacies1 y w sc>cely f9d an ob/ruction to imp$e y\r progress4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,! suppos$ ,h]culean task ( le>n+ to conjugate v]bs1 w be trans=m$ into a few h\rs ( pleasant pa/ime4--,ib41 p4 #adb4 ,by exam9+ c>efully ! conjugation ( ! v]b ?r\gh ?is mood1 y w f9d x v easy4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,by pursu+ ! foll[+ direction1 y c1 9 a v %ort "t1 le>n to conjugate any v]b4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,al?\gh ?is mode ( proc$ure may1 at fir/1 appe> to be labori\s1 yet1 z x is necess>y1 ,i tru/ y w n hesitate to adopt x4 ,my confid5ce 9 y\r p]sev]ance1 induces me to recomm5d any c\rse :i* ,i "k w t5d to facilitate y\r progress4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 #bi4 ,! gr& boa/ ( ?is au?or is1 t he has succe$$ 9 pleas+ himself & ! public4 ,he tru/s to h ga9$ ! latt] po9t1 to s great an ext5t1 & ) su* security ( t5ure1 t h5ce=? no man c safely "q ! m]it ( 8 p]=mance4 ,happy mortal6 to :om t success :i* is ! gr\nd ( 8 pride1 is also ! glitt]+ gis ( 8 sure def5ce6 ,to ?is he po9ts ) exultation & self-applause1 z if ! prosp]ity ( ! wick$1 or ! popul>ity ( an impo/ure1 _h nev] yet be5 he>d ( 9 ?is clev] _w6#ab ,^u :at m]it ?is success has be5 f\nd$1 my read]s may judge1 :5 ,i %all h f9i%$ ?is slight review ( 8 "w4 ,probably no o!r gramm> 0 ev] s indu/ri\sly spread4 ,su* 0 ! au?or's p]sev]ance 9 8 measures to increase ! dem& = 8 book1 t ev5 ! atta9m5t ( su* accuracy z he 0 capable (1 0 less a subject ( conc]n4 ,= 9 an article design$ to w>d (f "s ( ! arr[s ( criticism1--an adv]tisem5t :i*1 f ! elev5? to ! "o hundr$ & fif? edition1 has be5 promis+ to ! publick ano!r & a bett] edition1--he pla9ly (f]s ?is urg5t engagem5t1 z an apology = its defects3 ,! au?or is appreh5sive t 8 "w is n yet z accurate & z mu* simplifi$ z x may be4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! disadvantages ( l+]+ "u a brok5 con/itution1 & ( be+ able to devote to ?is subject only a small portion ( 8 "t1 snat*$ f ! active pursuits ( a bus9ess life1 7active z f> z imp]fect heal? p]mits him to be17 are any apology = 8 defects1 he hopes t ! c&id w set d[n ! apology to 8 cr$it4--,n t he w\ld beg a truce ) ! g5tlem5 criticks & review]s4 ,any compromise ) !m w\ld betray a want ( self-confid5ce & moral c\rage1 :i* he w\ld by no means1 be will+ to av[4--,kirkham's ,gram41 7,adv4 ( #ahbi17 p4 #g4 #cj4 ,n[1 to ?is pa9ful /ruggle1 ?is active cont5tion betwe5 bus9ess & ! vap\rs1 let all cr$it be giv51 & all sympa?y be add$2 b1 z an aid to ! /udies ( heal?y *ildr51 :at bett] is ! book1 = any =be>ance or fav\r t may h be5 won by ?is apology8 ,x is well kn[n1 t1 till phr5ology became ! common talk1 ! au?or's pr9cipal bus9ess 01 to comm5d 8 own me?od ( tea*+ gramm>1 & to turn ?is publication to pr(it4 ,?is hon\rable indu/ry1 aid$1 z himself sugge/s1 by n mu* less ?an "o ?\s& writt5 recomm5dations1 is said to h wr\ght = him1 9 a v few ye>s1 a degree ( success & fame1 at :i* bo? ! eulogi/s ( ,murray & ! fri5ds ( ,engli% gramm> may hang _! heads4 ,z to a compromise ) any critic or review] :om he _c bribe1 x is en\gh to say ( t1 x is morally impossible4 ,nor 0 x necess>y = su* an au?or to ?r[ ! gauntlet1 to prove himself n lack+ 9 self-confid5ce4 ,he c %[ 8 moral c\rage1 only by d>+ d "r4 #ca4 ,9 #ahbi1 aft] 8 book _h gone ?r\gh t5 editions1 & ! dem& = x _h become s great z to call =? tw5ty ?\s& copies dur+ ! ye>1 ! prud5t au?or1 int5d+ to ve] 8 c\rse accord+ to ! trade-w9d1 ?\ght x exp$i5t to retract 8 =m] ackn[l$gem5t to our be/ mod]n philologi/s1 & to pr(ess himself a modifi] ( ! ,great ,compil]'s code4 ,:]e !n holds ! an*or ( 8 praise8 ,let ! read] say1 aft] weigh+ & comp>+ 8 v>i\s pret5sions3 ,aw>e t !re is1 9 ! publick m9d1 a /rong pr$ilection = ! doctr9es conta9$ 9 ,mr4 ,murray's gramm>1 he has ?\ght prop]1 n m]ely f motives ( policy1 b f *oice1 to select 8 pr9ciples *iefly f t "w2 &1 moreov]1 to adopt1 z f> z consi/5t ) 8 own views1 ! language ( t em95t philologi/4 ,9 no in/ance has he v>i$ f him1 unless he conceiv$ t1 9 s do+1 "s practical advantage w\ld be ga9$4 ,he hopes1 !re=e1 to escape ! c5sure s frequ5tly & s ju/ly aw>d$ to ^? un=tunate innovators :o h n scrupl$ to alt]1 mutilate1 & torture ! text ( t able writ]1 m]ely to gratify an it*+ prop5sity to figure 9 ! _w z au?ors1 & ga9 an ephem]al popul>ity by arrogat+ to !mselves ! cr$it due to ano!r4 #ac--,kirkham's ,gram41 #ahbi1 p4 #aj4 #cb4 ,n[ ^! /atem5ts are ei!r true or false2 & ,i "k n on :i* supposition !y are mo/ cr$itable to ! writ]4 ,_h any ,roman grammati/ ?us pr(it$ by ! "n ( ,v>ro or ,qu9tilian1 he w\ld h be5 fill$ ) con/ant dread ( some:]e meet+ ! injur$ au?or's fr[n+ %ade6 ,surely1 among ! pr(ess$ admir]s ( ,murray1 no o!r man1 :e!r innovator or copyi/1 un=tunate or successful1 is at all to be comp>$ to ?is g5tleman = ! audacity ) :i* he has n scrupl$ to alt]1 mutilate1 & torture1 ! text ( t able writ]4 ,murray simply int5d$ to d good1 & good t might desc5d to po/]ity2 & ?is j & g5]\s int5tion goes f> to excuse ev5 8 errors4 ,b ,kirkham1 speak+ ( po/]ity1 scruples n to disav[ & to r5\nce all c>e = !m1 or = any ?+ :i* a com+ age may ?9k ( 8 "*3 say+1 ,my pret5sions rea* n s f>4 ,to ! pres5t g5]ation only1 ,i pres5t my claims4 ,%\ld x l5d me a li/5+ e>1 & grant me its suffrages1 ! height ( my ambition w be atta9$4--,adv]tisem5t1 9 8 ,elocution1 p4 #cdf4 ,8 :ole design is1 !re=e1 ^u ! v face ( x1 a paltry s*eme ( pres5t income4 ,&1 see+ 8 ent]$ classes ( boys & girls mu/ soon h done ) him1 he has d\btless act$ wisely1 & q 9 accordance ) 8 own int]e/1 to h made all possible ha/e 9 8 c>e]4 #cc4 ,be+ no rival ) him 9 ?is race1 & hav+ no p]sonal qu>rel ) him on any acc\nt1 ,i w\ld1 = 8 sake1 fa9 rejoice at 8 success1 & )hold my criticisms2 because he is said to h be5 lib]al ) 8 ga9s1 & because he has n1 l "s o!rs1 copi$ me in/ead ( ,murray4 ,b ! v9dication ( a greatly injur$ & p]v]t$ sci5ce1 con/ra9s me to say1 on ?is occasion1 t pret5sions less consi/5t ) !mselves1 or less su/a9$ by ta/e & s*ol>%ip1 h seldom1 if ev]1 be5 promulgat$ 9 ! "n ( gramm>4 ,i h1 c]ta9ly1 no int5tion to say m ?an is due to ! un9=m$ & misguid$4 ,= "s :o are ung5]\s & prejudic$ !mselves1 w n be unwill+ to ?9k me s2 & ev5 ?is fre$om1 back$ & gu>d$ z x is by facts & pro(s irrefragable1 may /ill be +5i\sly ascrib$ to an ill motive4 ,to two ?irds ( ! community1 "o gramm> is j z good z an o!r2 because !y nei!r "k1 nor wi% to "k1 m ?an may be le>n$ f ! v wor/4 ,an hone/ expression ( s5tim5t aga9/ abuses ( a lit]>y nature1 is little ! fa%ion ( ^! times2 & ! good p :o pur*ase books ^u ! recomm5dations ( o!rs1 may be sl[ to believe !re is no m]it :]e s mu* has be5 attribut$4 ,b facts may well be cr$it$1 9 opposition to c\rte\s flatt]y1 :5 !re are ! au?or's own words & works to v\* = !m 9 ! face ( day4 ,?\gh a ?\s& ( our great m5 may h help$ a copi]'s weak copyi/ to take "s practical advantage ( ! _w's cr$ulity1 x is safe to av]1 9 ! face ( dignity /ill great]1 t te/imonials m fallaci\s h seldom mock$ ! cause ( le>n+4 ,!y did n read 8 book4 #cd4 ,not)/&+ ! au?or's *ange 9 8 pr(essions1 ! "w is n[ ess5tially ! same z x 0 at fir/2 except t its errors & contradictions h be5 greatly multipli$1 by ! addition ( new matt] inconsi/5t ) ! old4 ,he evid5tly c>es n :at doctr9es he tea*es1 or ^:2 b1 z v>i\s !ories are nois$ abroad1 seizes ^u diff]5t op9ions1 & mixes !m toge!r1 t 8 books may conta9 some?+ to suit all p>ties4 ,a ,sy/em ( ,philosophical ,gramm>1 ?\gh b an idle speculation1 ev5 9 8 own acc\nt1 & d\bly absurd 9 him1 z be+ flatly contradictory to 8 ma9 text1 has be5 ?\ght wor?y ( ins]tion4 ,& :at 8 title-page d5om9ates ,a ,new ,sy/em ( ,punctuation1 ?\gh mo/ly 9 ! v words ( ,murray1 0 next inv5t$ to supply a defici5cy :i* he at l5g? discov]$4 ,to admit ^!1 & "s o!r additions1 ! compreh5sive sy/em-( gramm> 0 gradually ext5d$ f #add small duodecimo pages1 to #bbh ( ! ord9>y size4 ,&1 9 ?is compass1 x 0 f9ally /]eotyp$ 9 #ahbi2 s t ! n9ety-f\r editions publi%$ s9ce1 h no?+ new = hi/ory4 #ce4 ,b ! publication ( an o!r "w design$ = s*ools1 ,an ,essay an ,elocution %[s ! progress ( ! au?or's m9d4 ,no?+ c be m radically opposite1 ?an are "s ( ! elem5t>y doctr9es :i* ?is g5tleman is n[ tea*+2 no?+1 m /rangely inconsi/5t1 ?an are "s ( 8 decl>ations & pr(essions4 ,= in/ance3 ,a consonant is a lett] t _c be p]fectly s\nd$ )\t ! help ( a v[el4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,aga93 ,a consonant is n only capable ( be+ p]fectly s\nd$ )\t ! help ( a v[el1 b1 moreov]1 ( =m+1 l a v[el1 a sep>ate syllable4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #cb4 ,take a second example4 ,he makes ,,adjective ,,pron\ns a prom95t division & lead+ title1 9 treat+ ( ! pron\ns prop]2 def9es ! t]m 9 a mann] peculi> to himself2 pref]s & uses x 9 all 8 p>s+2 & yet1 by ! ?ird s5t5ce ( ! /ory1 ! le>n] is conduct$ to ?is j conclusion3 ,h5ce1 su* a ?+ z an adjective-pron\n _c exi/4--,gramm>1 p4 #aje4 ,once m4 ,^u 8 own rules1 or su* z he _h borr[$1 he comm5ts ?us1 & comm5ts truly1 because he _h ei!r writt5 !m badly or made an ill *oice3 ,b "s ( ^! rules are fooli%1 trifl+1 & unimportant4--,elocution1 p4 #ig4 ,aga93 ,rules #aj & #aa1 re/ on a s&y f\ndation4 ,!y appe> n to be bas$ on ! pr9ciples ( ! language4--,gramm>1 p4 #ei4 ,^! are b specim5s ( 8 own frequ5t te/imony aga9/ himself6 ,nor %all he f9d refuge 9 ! impud5t falsehood1 t ! ?+s :i* ,i quote z 81 are n 8 own4#ad ,^! contradictory texts1 & scores ( o!rs :i* might be add$ to !m1 are z rightfully 8 own1 z any doctr9e he has ev] yet inculcat$4 ,b1 ^u ! cr$ulity ( ignorance1 8 high-s\nd+ c]tificates & unb\nd$ boa/+ c impose any ?+4 ,!y ov]rule all 9 fav\r ( cue ( ! wor/ gramm>s extant2--( :i* he says1 x is n[ /udi$ by m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 & y\?2 & is m ext5sively us$ ?an all o!r ,engli% gramm>s publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,elocution1 p4 #cdg4 ,! booksell]s say1 he receives f 8 publi%]s t5 c5ts a copy1 on ?is "w1 & t he reports ! sale ( sixty ?\s& copies p] annum4 ,su* has ( late be5 8 public boa/4 ,i h once _h ! /ory f 8 own lips1 & ( c\rse congratulat$ him1 ?\gh ,i dislike ! book4 ,six ?\s& doll>s a ye>1 on ?is mo/ mis]able modification ( ,l9dley ,murray's ,gramm>6 ,be x s--or d\ble1 if he & ! public please4 ,murray _h s little orig9ality 9 8 "w1 or s little selfi%ness 9 8 design1 t he w\ld n take any ?+2 & 8 may ultimately prove ! bett] b>ga94 #cf4 ,a man may boa/ & bless himself z he pleases1 8 =tune1 surely1 c nev] be wor?y ( an o!r's envy1 s long z he f9ds x inadequate to 8 own great m]its1 & unwor?y ( 8 own poor gratitude4 ,z a gramm>ian1 ,kirkham claims to be second only to ,l9dley ,murray2 & says1 ,s9ce ! days ( ,l[?1 no o!r "w on gramm>1 ,murray's only except$1 has be5 s fav\rably receiv$ by ! publick z 8 own4 ,z a pro( ( ?is1 he w\ld m5tion1 t )9 ! la/ six ye>s x has pass$ ?r\gh fifty editions4--,preface to ,elocution1 p4 #ab4 ,&1 at ! same "t1 & 9 ! same preface1 he compla9s1 t1 ,( all ! lab\rs done "u ! sun1 ! lab\rs ( ! p5 meet ) ! poore/ rew>d4--,ibid41 p4 #e4 ,?is too cle>ly fav\rs ! report1 t 8 books 7 n writt5 by himself1 b by o!rs :om he hir$4 ,possibly1 ! anonym\s help] may "h h p5n$1 n 8 employ]'s feel+1 b a l9e ( 8 own exp]i5ce4 ,b ,i *oose to ascribe ! passage to ! pr(ess$ au?or1 & to hold him answ]able = ! inconsi/5cy4 ,will+ to illu/rate by ! be/ & faire/ examples ^! fruitful means ( grammatical fame1 ,i am glad ( 8 pres5t success1 :i*1 ?r\gh ?is record1 %all become yet m fam\s4 ,x is ! only ?+ :i* makes him wor?y ( ! notice "h tak5 ( him4 ,b ,i _c sympa?ize ) 8 compla9t1 because he nev] s\ght any b ! poore/ rew>d2 & m ?an all he s\ght1 he f\nd4 ,9 8 la/ ,address to ,tea*]s1 he says1 ,he may d\btless be p]mitt$ emphatically to say ) ,prosp]o1 ',y\r brea? has fill$ my sails4'--,elocution1 p4 #ah4 ,if ?is boa/+ has any tru? 9 x1 he ought to be satisfi$4 ,b x is writt51 ,he t love? silv]1 %all n be satisfi$ ) silv]2 nor he t love? abundance1 ) increase4 ,let him rememb] ?is4#ae ,he n[ ann\nces ?ree or f\r o!r works z =?com+ %ortly4 ,:at ^! w a*ieve1 ! _w w see4 ,b ,i mu/ conf9e myself to ! ,gramm>4 #cg4 ,9 ?is volume1 sc>cely any ?+ is f\nd :]e x might be expect$4 ,! au?or1 z he tells u 9 8 preface1 has n foll[$ ! common 'artificial & unnatural arrangem5t adopt$ by mo/ ( 8 pr$ecessors2' yet he has endeav\r$ to pursue a m judici\s "o1 namely1 '! ord] ( ! und]/&+4'--,gramm>1 p4 #ab4 ,b if ?is is ! ord] ( 8 und]/&+1 he is greatly to be piti$4 ,a book m confus$ 9 its plan1 m want+ 9 me?od1 m imp]fect 9 di/9ctness ( p>ts1 m defici5t 9 symmetry1 or m difficult ( ref]5ce1 %all n easily be f\nd 9 /]eotype4 ,let ! read] try to foll[ u "h4 ,bat+ twelve pages at ! beg9n+1 occupi$ by ! title1 recomm5dations1 adv]tisem5t1 cont5ts1 preface1 h9ts to tea*]s1 & advice to lectur]s2 & fifty-f\r at ! end1 embrac+ syntax1 or?ography1 or?opy1 prov9cialisms1 prosody1 punctuation1 v]sification1 rhetoric1 figures ( spee*1 & a ,key1 all 9 ! sequ5ce "h giv52 ! "w consi/s ( f\rte5 *apt]s ( gramm>1 absurdly call$ ,famili> ,lectures4 ,! fir/ treats ( sundries1 "u half a doz5 titles1 b *iefly ( ,or?ography2 & ! la/ is ?ree pages & a half1 ( ! mo/ common rem>ks1 on ,d]ivation4 ,9 ! rema9+ twelve1 ! ,etymology & ,syntax ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee* are comm+l$2 & an attempt is made1 to tea* simultane\sly all t ! au?or judg$ important 9 ei!r4 ,h5ce he gives u1 9 a /range cong]ies1 rules1 rem>ks1 illu/rations1 false syntax1 sy/ematic p>s+1 ex]cises 9 p>s+1 two diff]5t ord]s ( notes1 ?ree diff]5t ord]s ( que/ions1 & a v>iety ( o!r titles m]ely occasional4 ,all ^! ?+s1 be+ additional to 8 ma9 text1 are to be connect$1 9 ! m9d ( ! le>n]1 ) ! p>ts ( spee* successively1 9 "s new & inexplicable cat5ation f\nd only 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! lectures4 ,! au?or himself c\ld n see ?r\gh ! *aos4 ,he accord+ly made 8 table ( cont5ts a m]e meagre alphabetical index4 ,hav+ once attempt$ 9 va9 to expla9 ! ord] ( 8 in/ructions1 he actually gave ! matt] up 9 despair6 #ch4 ,9 l5g?1 ^! pret5d$ lectures v>y1 f ?ree or f\r pages1 to eight-&-?irty4 ,_! subjects run ?us3 #a4 ,language1 ,gramm>1 ,or?ography2 #b4 ,n\ns & ,v]bs2 #c4 ,articles2 #d4 ,adjectives2 #e4 ,p>ticiples2 #f4 ,adv]bs2 #g4 ,prepositions2 #h4 ,pron\ns2 #i4 ,conjunctions2 #aj4 ,int]jections & ,n\ns2 #aa4 ,moods & ,t5ses2 #ab4 ,irregul> ,v]bs2 #ac4 ,auxili>y1 ,passive1 & ,defective ,v]bs2 #ad4 ,d]ivation4 ,:i*1 n[1 is m judici\s1 su* confusion z ?is1 or ! arrangem5t :i* has be5 common f "t immemorial8 ,:o t has any respect = ! human intellect1 or ^: p[]s ( m9d des]ve any 9 return1 w av\* ?is jumble to be ! ord] ( ! und]/&+8 ,are ! me?ods ( sci5ce to be acc\nt$ m]e h9d]ances to in/ruction8 ,has gramm> really be5 made easy by ?is conf\nd+ ( its p>ts8 ,or are we lur$ by ! "n1 ,famili> ,lectures1--a t]m manife/ly adopt$ z a m]e decoy1 &1 ) respect to ! "w itself1 totally inappropriate8 ,if ^! *apt]s h ev] be5 actually deliv]$ z a s]ies ( lectures1 ! read] mu/ h be5 employ$ on "s occasions eight or t5 times z long z on o!rs6 ,p1 says ,dr4 ,johnson1 h n[-a-days got a /range op9ion t e ?+ %\ld be taught by lectures4 ,n[1 ,i _c see t lectures c d s mu* good z a private read+ ( ! books f :i* ! lectures are tak54 ,i "k ( no?+ t c be be/ taught by lectures1 except :]e exp]im5ts are to be %[n4 ,y may tea* *ymi/ry by lectures--y might tea* ! mak+ ( %oes by lectures4 --,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson4 #ci4 ,) s+ul> ignorance & untru?1 ?is g5tleman claims to h inv5t$ a bett] me?od ( analysis ?an _h ev] be5 practis$ be=e4 ,( o!r gramm>s1 8 preface av]s1 ,!y h all ov]look$ :at ! au?or consid]s a v important object2 namely1 a sy/ematick ord] ( p>s+4--,gramm>1 p4 #i4 ,&1 9 8 ,h9ts to ,tea*]s1 pres5t+ himself z a model1 & 8 book z a p>agon1 he says3 ,by pursu+ ?is sy/em1 he c1 ) less lab\r1 advance a pupil f>!r 9 ! practical k ( ?is ab/ruse sci5ce1 9 two mon?s1 ?an he c\ld 9 "o ye>1 :5 he taught 9 ! old way4--,gramm>1 p4 #ab4 ,:at 8 old way 01 does n appe>4 ,d\btless some?+ suffici5tly bad4 ,& z to 8 new way1 ,i %all h]eaft] h occasion to %[ t t is suffici5tly bad also4 ,b to ?is gasconade ! simple-m9d$ h giv5 cr$it--because ! au?or %[$ c]tificates t te/ifi$ to 8 great success1 & call$ him amiable & mode/6 ,b :o c look into ! book1 or into ! writ]'s pret5sions 9 reg>d to 8 pr$ecessors1 & conceive ! m]it :i* has made him--prem95t by s mu* odds8 ,0 ,murray less praisewor?y1 less amiable1 or less mode/8 ,9 illu/ration ( my topic1 & = ! sake ( lit]>y ju/ice1 ,i h select$ t hon\r$ ,compil] to %[ ! abuses ( praise2 let ! hi/ory ( ?is 8 vaunt+ modifi] cap ! climax ( vanity4 ,9 g5]al1 8 am5dm5ts ( t em95t philologi/1 are n m skillful ?an ! foll[+ t\* ^u an em95t dramati/2 & "h1 x is pla91 he has mi/ak5 two n\ns = adjectives1 & conv]t$ into bad ,engli% a beautiful passage1 ! s5tim5t ( :i* is wor?y ( an au?or's recollection3 ,! evil de$ or de$s t m5 d1 lives aft] !m2 ,! good de$ or de$s is (t int]r$ ) _! bones4 #af ,kirkham's ,gramm>1 p4 #ge4 #dj4 ,"l ,bacon obs]ves1 ,no?+ is ?\ght s easy a reque/ to a great p]son z 8 lett]2 & yet1 if x be n 9 a good cause1 x is s mu* out ( 8 reputation4 ,x is to ?is mis*iev\s facility ( recomm5dation1 ?is pro/itut$ influ5ce ( great names1 t ! inconv5i5t div]sity ( s*ool-books1 & ! cont9u$ use ( bad ones1 are 9 a great measure to be attribut$4 ,x belongs to ^? :o und]/& ! subjects ( :i* au?ors pr(ess to treat1 to judge fairly & fully ( _! works1 & !n to let ! reasons ( _! judgem5t be kn[n4 ,= no "o w "q ! fact1 t a va/ numb] ( ! s*ool-books n[ 9 use are ei!r egregi\s plagi>isms or productions ( no comp>ative m]it4 ,&1 :at is /ill m surpris+ & mon/r\s1 presid5ts1 gov]nors1 s5ators1 & judges2 pr(essors1 doctors1 cl]gym51 & lawy]s2 a ho/ ( titl$ connoisseurs2 ) incr$ible facility l5d _! names1 n only to works ( inf]ior m]it1 b to ! vile/ !fts1 & ! wilde/ absurdities1 palm$ (f ^u _! own & ! public cr$ulity1 "u pret5ce ( improvem5t4 ,! man :o ?us prefixes 8 lett] ( recomm5dation to an ill-writt5 book1 publi%es1 out ( m]e c\rtesy1 a direct impea*m5t ( 8 own s*ol>%ip or integrity4 ,yet1 h[ (t5 h we se5 ! hon\rs ( a high (fice1 or ev5 ( a wor?y "n1 pro/itut$ to give a tempor>y or local curr5cy to a book :i* x w\ld disgrace any man ( lett]s to quote6 ,) su* enc\ragem5t1 nons5se wre/les = ! seat ( le>n+1 explod$ errors are republi%$ z novelties1 orig9al writ]s are plund]$ by dunces1 & m5 t und]/& no?+ well1 pr(ess to tea* all sci5ces6 #da4 ,all praise ( excell5ce mu/ ne$s be comp>ative1 because ! ?+ itself is s4 ,to excel 9 gramm>1 is b to "k bett] ?an o!rs :]e9 grammatical excell5ce consi/s4 ,h5ce !re is no fix$ po9t ( p]fection beyond :i* su* le>n+ may n be c>ri$4 ,! limit to improvem5t is n s mu* 9 ! nature ( ! subject1 z 9 ! p[]s ( ! m9d1 & 9 ! inducem5ts to ex]t !m ^u a !me s humble & s un9vit+4 ,dr4 ,johnson sugge/s1 9 8 ma/]ly preface1 t a :ole life _c be sp5t ^u syntax & etymology1 & t ev5 a :ole life w\ld n be suffici5t4 ,:o !n w suppose1 9 ! face ( su* facts & confessions z h be5 exhibit$1 t ei!r 9 ! faulty publications ( ,murray1 or among ! v>i\s modifications ( !m by o!r h&s we h any su* "w z des]ves to be made a p]man5t /&>d ( in/ruction 9 ,engli% gramm>8 ,) great sacrifices1 bo? ( pleasure & ( int]e/1 ,i h humbly endeav\r$ to supply ?is desid]atum2 & x rema9s = o!r m5 to det]m9e1 & o!r times to "k1 :at place %all be giv5 to ^! my lab\rs1 9 ! g5]al /ory ( ?is bran* ( le>n+4 ,int5d+ to develop n only ! pr9ciples b also ! hi/ory ( gramm>1 ,i c\ld n b speak ( its au?ors4 ,! writ] :o looks broadly at ! pa/ & ! pres5t1 to give s\nd in/ruction to ! future1 mu/ n judge ( m5 by _! %ad[s4 ,if ! tru?1 hone/ly told1 dim9i% ! /ature ( "s1 x does x m]ely by cle>+ ! sight ( ! behold]4 ,real greatness _c suff] loss by ! dissipat+ ( a vap\r4 ,if reputation has be5 rais$ ^u ! mi/ ( ignorance1 :o b ! build] %all lam5t its ov]?r[8 ,if ! works ( gramm>ians are (t5 ungrammatical1 ^: fault is ?is b _! own8 ,if all grammatical fame is little 9 itself1 h[ c ! abatem5t ( :at is undes]v$ ( x be mu*8 ,if ! errors ( "s h long be5 tol]at$1 :at "r ( ! critic has be5 lo/ by nonus]8 ,if ! int]e/s ( ,sci5ce h be5 sacrific$ to ,mammon1 :at rebuke c d inju/ice to ! craft8 ,nay1 let ! broad-axe ( ! critic hew up to ! l9e1 till e beam 9 h] temple be smoo? & /raight4 ,=1 c]ta9ly1 next to comm5d+ good writ]s1 ! greate/ s]vice to le>n+ is1 to expose ! bad1 :o c only 9 t way be made ( any use to x4 #ag ,& if1 among ! mak]s ( gramm>s1 ! scribbl+s ( "s1 & ! fil*+s ( o!rs1 are discr$itable alike to !mselves & to _! !me1 let ! read] consid]1 h[ great mu/ be ! intr9sic wor? ( t /udy :i* /ill ma9ta9s its cr$it 9 spite ( all ^! abuses6 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,language4 ,tot fallaciis obrutum1 tot halluc9ationibus dem]sum1 tot adhuc t5ebris circumfusum /udium hocce mihi visum e/1 ut nihil satis tuto 9 hac mat]ia pr/>i posse arbitratus sim1 nisi nova quadam arte critica prmissa4--,,scipio ,,maffeius3 ,cassiod4 ,complexiones1 p4 xxx4 #a4 ,! orig9 ( ?+s is1 = _m reasons1 a peculi>ly int]e/+ po9t 9 _! hi/ory4 ,among ^? :o h ?\ght fit to inquire into ! prime orig9 ( spee*1 x has be5 matt] ( dispute1 :e!r we ought to consid] x a special gift f ,heav51 or an acquisition ( indu/ry--a natural end[m5t1 or an artificial inv5tion4 ,nor is any ?+ t has ev] yet be5 said ^u x1 suffici5t to set ! "q p]man5tly at re/4 ,t !re is 9 "s words1 & p]haps 9 "s ( e language1 a natural connexion betwe5 ! s\nds utt]$ & ! ?+s signifi$1 _c be d5i$2 yet1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is1 9 ! use ( words 9 g5]al1 s mu* to :i* nature af=ds no clew or index1 t ?is :ole process ( communicat+ ?\ght by spee*1 seems to be artificial4 ,"u an o!r head1 ,i h already cit$ f ,sanctius "s op9ions ( ! anci5t gramm>ians & philosoph]s on ?is po9t4 ,) ! reason+ ( t zeal\s in/ructor1 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,dr4 ,blair v obvi\sly accords3 ,to suppose words inv5t$1 or names giv5 to ?+s1 9 a mann] purely arbitr>y1 )\t any gr\nd or reason1 is to suppose an effect )\t a cause4 ,!re mu/ h always be5 "s motive :i* l$ to ! assignation ( "o "n r ?an an o!r4--,rhet41 ,lect4 vi1 p4 #ee4 #b4 ,b1 9 _! endeav\rs to expla9 ! orig9 & e>ly progress ( language1 sev]al le>n$ m51 among :om is ?is celebrat$ lectur]1 h ne$lessly p]plex$ bo? !mselves & _! read]s1 ) sundry que/ions1 assumptions1 & reason+s1 :i* are manife/ly contr>y to :at has be5 made kn[n to u on ! be/ ( all au?ority4 ,:at signifies x#ah = a man to tell u h[ nations rude & b>b>\s inv5t$ int]jections fir/1#ai & !n n\ns1 & !n v]bs1#bj & f9ally ! o!r p>ts ( spee*2 :5 he himself confesses t he does n "k :e!r language c be consid]$ a human inv5tion at all2 & :5 he believ$1 or ought to h believ$1 t ! spee* ( ! fir/ man1 ?\gh probably augm5t$ by ^? :o aft]w>ds us$ x1 01 ess5tially1 ! "o language ( ! e>? = m ?an eighte5 c5turies8 ,! task ( inv5t+ a language de novo1 c\ld surely h fall5 ^u no man b ,adam2 & he1 9 ! g>d5 ( ,p>adise1 _h d\btless "s aids & facilities n common to e wild man ( ! woods4 #c4 ,! le>n$ ,doctor 0 equally puzzl$ to conceive1 ei!r h[ society c\ld =m itself1 previ\sly to language1 or h[ words c\ld rise into a language1 previ\sly to society =m$4--,blair's ,rhet41 ,lect4 vi1 p4 #ed4 ,?is too 0 b an idle p]plexity1 ?\gh ?\s&s h gravely por$ ov] x s9ce1 z a "p ( ! /udy ( rhetoric2 =1 if nei!r c\ld be previ\s to ! o!r1 !y mu/ h sprung up simultane\sly4 ,& x is a sort ( sl&] ^u our prime ance/or1 to sugge/1 t1 because he 0 ! fir/1 he mu/ h be5 ! rude/ ( 8 race2 & t1 consequ5tly1 ^? fir/ rudim5ts ( spee*1 :i* alone ! supposition all[s to him or to 8 family1 mu/ h be5 poor & n>r[4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ed4 ,x is f> m reasonable to ?9k1 ) a lat] au?or1 t1 ,adam _h an insight into natural ?+s f> beyond ! acute/ philosoph]1 z may be ga!r$ f 8 giv+ ( names to all creatures1 accord+ to _! diff]5t con/itutions4--,rob9son's ,scripture ,*>act]s1 p4 #d4 #d4 ,b ,dr4 ,blair is n alone 9 ! view :i* he "h takes4 ,! same ?+ has bean sugge/$ by o!r le>n$ m54 ,?us ,dr4 ,james ,p4 ,wilson1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 an octavo publi%$ 9 #ahag1 says3 ,x is difficult to disc]n h[ communities c\ld h exi/$ )\t language1 & equally s to discov] h[ language c\ld h obta9$1 9 a peopl$ _w1 prior to society4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,i "k n h[ s _m pr(ess$ ,*ri/ians1 & "s ( !m tea*]s ( religion too1 ) ! ,bible 9 _! h&s1 c reason ^u ?is subject z !y d4 ,we f9d !m1 9 _! speculations1 conspir+ to repres5t primeval man1 to use _! own words1 z a savage1 ^: 'h[l at ! appe>ance ( dang]1 & ^: exclamations ( joy at ! sight ( 8 prey1 reit]at$1 or v>i$ ) ! *ange ( objects1 7 probably ! orig9 ( language4'--,boo?'s ,analytical ,diction>y4 ,9 ! dawn ( society1 ages may h pass$ away1 ) little m conv]se ?an :at ^! ef=ts w\ld produce4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #ca4 ,"h ,g>d9] quotes ,boo? ) approbation1 & ! latt]1 l ,wilson1 may h borr[$ 8 ideas f ,blair4 ,?us are we taught by a multitude ( guess]s1 grave1 le>n$1 & oracul>1 t ! la/ ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee* 0 9 fact ! fir/3 ,int]jections are exce$+ly int]e/+ 9 "o respect4 ,!y are1 !re c be little d\bt1 ! olde/ words 9 all languages2 & may be consid]$ ! elem5ts ( spee*4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,on ?is po9t1 h[ev]1 ,dr4 ,blair seems n to be q consi/5t ) himself3 ,^? exclamations1 !re=e1 :i* by gramm>ians are call$ int]jections1 utt]$ 9 a /rong & passionate mann]1 71 beyond d\bt1 ! fir/ elem5ts or beg9n+s ( spee*4--,rhet41 ,lect4 vi1 p4 #ee4 ,! names ( s5sible objects 71 9 all languages1 ! words mo/ e>ly introduc$4--,rhet41 ,lect4 xiv1 p4 #ace4 ,! names ( s5sible objects1 says ,murray too1 7 ! words mo/ e>ly introduc$4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ccf4 ,bat :at says ! ,bible8 #e4 ,revelation in=ms u t our fir/ prog5itor 0 n only end[$ ) ! faculty ( spee*1 b1 z x w\ld appe>1 actually incit$ by ! ,deity to ex]t t faculty 9 giv+ names to ! objects by :i* he 0 surr\nd$4 ,out ( ! gr\nd ! ,"l ,god =m$ e bea/ ( ! field & e f[l ( ! air2 & br\ght !m unto ,adam1 to see :at he w\ld call !m3 & :atsoev] ,adam call$ e liv+ creature1 t 0 ! "n !re(4 ,& ,adam gave names to all cattle1 & to ! f[ls ( ! air1 & to e bea/ ( ! field2 b = ,adam !re 0 n f\nd a help meet = him4--,g541 ii1 #ai1 #bj4 ,?is acc\nt ( ! fir/ nam+ ( ! o!r creatures by man1 is app>5tly a p>5!sis 9 ! /ory ( ! creation ( woman1 ) :i* ! second *apt] ( ,g5esis concludes4 ,b1 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ! ,deity is repres5t$ n only z call+ all ?+s into exi/5ce by 8 ,^w2 b z speak+ to ! fir/ human pair1 ) ref]5ce to _! increase 9 ! e>?1 & to _! dom9ion ov] x1 & ov] all ! liv+ creatures =m$ to inhabit x4 ,s t ! ord] ( ! ev5ts _c be cle>ly inf]r$ f ! ord] ( ! n>ration4 ,! mann] ( ?is communication to man1 may also be a subject ( d\bt4 ,:e!r x 01 or 0 n1 made by a voice ( words1 may be que/ion$4 ,b1 surely1 t ,be+ :o1 9 creat+ ! _w & its inhabitants1 manife/$ 8 own inf9ite wisdom1 et]nal p[]1 & godhead1 does n lack words1 or any o!r means ( signification1 if he w use !m4 ,&1 9 ! inspir$ record ( 8 "w 9 ! beg9n+1 he is c]ta9ly repres5t$1 n only z nam+ all ?+s imp]atively1 :5 he spoke !m into be+1 b z expressly call+ ! light ,day1 ! d>kness ,night1 ! firmam5t ,heav51 ! dry l& ,e>?1 & ! ga!r+s ( ! mighty wat]s ,seas4 #f4 ,dr4 ,?omas ,h>twell ,horne1 9 comm5d+ a "w by ,dr4 ,ellis1 conc]n+ ! orig9 ( human wisdom & und]/&+1 says3 ,x %[s satisfactorily1 t religion & language ent]$ ! _w by div9e revelation1 )\t ! aid ( :i*1 man _h n be5 a rational or religi\s creature4--,/udy ( ! ,scriptures1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #d4 ,plato attributes ! primitive words ( ! fir/ language to a div9e orig92 & ,dr4 ,wilson rem>ks1 ,! transition f sil5ce to spee*1 implies an ef=t ( ! und]/&+ too great = man4--,essay on ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,dr4 ,beattie says1 ,mank9d mu/ h spok5 9 all ages1 ! "y con/antly le>n+ to speak by imitat+ ^? :o 7 old]2 &1 if s1 our fir/ p>5ts mu/ h receiv$ ?is art1 z well z "s o!rs1 by inspiration4--,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #bg4 ,horne ,tooke says1 ,i imag9e t x is1 9 "s measure1 ) ! vehicle ( our ?\ghts1 z ) ! vehicles = our bodies4 ,necessity produc$ bo?4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bj4 ,aga93 ,language1 x is true1 is an art1 & a glori\s "o2 ^: influ5ce ext5ds ov] all ! o!rs1 & 9 :i* f9ally all sci5ce :atev] mu/ c5tre3 b an art spr++ f necessity1 & orig9ally inv5t$ by artless m51 :o did n sit d[n l philosoph]s to inv5t x4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bei4 #g4 ,milton imag9es ,adam's fir/ k ( spee*1 to h sprung f ! he>+ ( 8 own voice2 & t voice to h be5 rais$1 in/9ctively1 or spontane\sly1 9 an animat$ inquiry conc]n+ 8 own orig9--an inquiry 9 :i* he addresses to un9tellig5t objects1 & inf]ior creatures1 su* que/ions z ! ,deity alone c\ld answ]3 ,myself ,i !n p]us$1 & limb by limb ,survey$1 & sometimes w5t1 & sometimes ran ,) supple jo9ts1 z lively vigor l$3 ,b :o ,i 01 or :]e1 or f :at cause1 ,knew n2 to speak ,i tri$1 & =?) spake2 ,my tongue obey$1 & readily c\ld "n ,:atev] ,i saw4 ',?\ ,sun1' said ,i1 'fair light1 ,& ?\ enlight5$ ,e>?1 s fre% & gay1 ,ye ,hills & ,dales1 ye ,riv]s1 ,woods1 & ,pla9s2 ,& ye t live & move1 fair ,creatures6 tell1 ,tell1 if ye saw1 h[ came ,i ?us1 h[ "h8 ,n ( myself2 by "s great ,mak] !n1 ,9 goodness & 9 p[] prem95t3 ,tell me h[ ,i may "k him1 h[ adore1 ,f :om ,i h t ?us ,i move & live1 ,& feel t ,i am happi] ?an ,i "k4' ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book viii1 l4 #bfg4 ,b1 to ! imag9ation ( a poet1 a fre$om is all[$1 :i* belongs n to philosophy4 ,we h n always ! means ( kn[+ h[ f> he lit]ally believes :at he /ates4 #h4 ,my own op9ion is1 t language is p>tly natural & p>tly artificial4 ,&1 z ! foll[+ quotation f ! ,greek ( ,ammonius w s]ve 9 "s degree to illu/rate x1 ,i pres5t ! passage 9 ,engli% = ! consid]ation ( ^? :o may pref] anci5t to mod]n speculations3 ,9 ! same mann]1 !re=e1 z m]e motion is f nature1 b danc+ is some?+ positive2 & z wood exi/s 9 nature1 b a door is some?+ positive2 s is ! m]e utt]ance ( vocal s\nd f\nd$ 9 nature1 b ! signification ( ideas by n\ns or v]bs is some?+ positive4 ,& h5ce x is1 t1 z to ! simple p[] ( produc+ vocal s\nd--:i* is z x 7 ! organ or in/rum5t ( ! s\l's faculties ( k or volition--z to ?is vocal p[]1 ,i say1 man seems to possess x f nature1 9 l mann] z irrational animals2 b z to ! p[] ( us+ significantly n\ns or v]bs1 or s5t5ces comb9+ ^!1 7:i* are n natural b positive17 ?is he possesses by way ( peculi> em95ce2 because he alone ( all mortal be+s p>takes ( a s\l :i* c move itself1 & op]ate to ! production ( arts4 ,s t1 ev5 9 ! utt]ance ( s\nds1 ! inv5tive p[] ( ! m9d is disc]n$2 z ! v>i\s elegant compositions1 bo? 9 metre1 & )\t metre1 abundantly prove4--,ammon4 de ,int]pr41 p4 #ea4ba #i4 ,man 0 made = society2 & f ! fir/ p]iod ( human exi/5ce ! race 7 social4 ,monki% seclusion is manife/ly unnatural2 & ! wild indep5d5ce ( ! savage1 is prop]ly d5om9at$ a /ate ( nature1 only 9 contradi/9ction to t /ate 9 :i* ! arts are cultivat$4 ,b to civiliz$ life1 or ev5 to t :i* is 9 any degree social1 language is absolutely necess>y4 ,!re is !re=e no dang] t ! language ( any nation %all fall into disuse1 till ! p by :om x is spok51 %all ei!r adopt "s o!r1 or become !mselves ext9ct4 ,:5 ! latt] ev5t occurs1 z is ! case ) ! anci5t ,hebrew1 ,greek1 & ,lat91 ! language1 if pres]v$ at all f oblivion1 becomes ! m p]man5t2 because ! causes :i* are con/antly t5d+ to improve or det]iorate e liv+ language1 h ceas$ to op]ate ^u ^? :i* are le>n$ only f anci5t books4 ,! inflections :i* n[ compose ! decl5sions & conjugations ( ! dead languages1 & :i* inde$ h ev] con/itut$ ! peculi> *>act]i/ics ( ^? =ms ( spee*1 mu/ rema9 =ev] z !y are4 #aj4 ,:5 a nation *anges1 its language1 z did our =efa!rs 9 ,brita91 produc+ by a gradual amalgamation ( mat]ials drawn f v>i\s tongues a new "o diff]+ f all1 ! fir/ /ages ( its gramm> w ( c\rse be *aotic & rude4 ,uni=mity spr+s f ! /eady application ( rules2 & poli% is ! "w ( ta/e & ref9em5t4 ,we may easily err by foll[+ ! example ( our e>ly writ]s ) m rev]5ce ?an judgem5t2 nor is x possible = u to d ju/ice to ! gramm>ians1 :e!r e>ly or late1 )\t a k bo? ( ! hi/ory & ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! sci5ce :i* !y pr(ess to tea*4 ,i !re=e ?9k x prop] rapidly to glance at _m ?+s remote inde$ 9 "t1 yet ne>] to my pres5t purpose1 & abundantly m wor?y ( ! /ud5t's consid]ation1 ?an a ?\s& matt]s :i* are taught = gramm> by ! au?ors ( treatises pr(ess$ly elem5t>y4 #aa4 ,z we h already se51 "s h suppos$ t ! =mation ( ! fir/ language mu/ h be5 v sl[ & gradual4 ,b ( ?is !y (f] no pro(1 & f ! p5 ( inspiration we seem to h te/imony aga9/ x4 ,did ,adam give names to all ! creatures ab\t him1 & !n all[ ^? names to be imm$iately =gott58 ,did n bo? he & 8 family cont9ually use 8 orig9al n\ns 9 _! social int]c\rse8 & h[ c\ld !y use !m1 )\t o!r p>ts ( spee* to =m !m into s5t5ces8 ,nay1 d we n "k f ! ,bible1 t on sev]al occasions our prime ance/or express$ himself l an intellig5t man1 & us$ all ! p>ts ( spee* :i* are n[ consid]$ necess>y8 ,:at did he say1 :5 8 fit p>tn]1 ! faire/ & lovelie/ "w ( ,god1 0 pres5t$ to him8 ,?is is n[ bone ( my bones1 & fle% ( my fle%3 %e %all be call$ ,woman1 because %e 0 tak5 out ( ,man4 ,& aga93 ,_h he n o!r words ?an n\ns1 :5 he made answ] conc]n+ 8 transgression3 ,i he>d ?y voice 9 ! g>d51 & ,i 0 afraid1 because ,i 0 nak$2 & ,i hid myself8 ,:at is x1 !n1 b a gr\ndless assumption1 to make him & 8 imm$iate desc5dants ignorant savages1 & to affirm1 ) ,dr4 ,blair1 t _! spee* mu/ h be5 poor & n>r[8 ,x is n possible n[ to asc]ta9 :at degree ( p]fection ! oral communication ( ! fir/ age exhibit$4 ,b1 z languages are n[ kn[n to improve 9 proportion to ! improvem5t ( society 9 civilization & intellig5ce1 & z we _c reasonably suppose ! fir/ inhabitants ( ! e>? to h be5 savages1 x seems1 ,i ?9k1 a plausible conjecture1 t ! primeval tongue 0 at lea/ suffici5t = all ! ord9>y int]c\rse ( civiliz$ m51 liv+ 9 ! simple mann] ascrib$ to our e>ly ance/ors 9 ,scripture2 & t1 9 _m in/ances1 human spee* subsequ5tly decl9$ f> bel[ its orig9al /&>d4 #ab4 ,at any rate1 let x be rememb]$ t ! fir/ language spok5 on e>?1 :atev] x 01 orig9at$ 9 ,ed5 be=e ! fall2 t ?is "o language1 :i* all m5 und]/ood until ! disp]sion1 is to be trac$1 n to ! cries ( savage hunt]s1 e*o$ ?r\gh ! wilds & glades :]e ,nimrod plant$ ,babel1 b to t ea/]n g>d5 ( ,god's own plant+1 :]e9 grew e tree t is pleasant to ! sight & good = food2 to t p>adise into :i* ! ,"l ,god put ! new-creat$ man1 to dress x & to keep x4 ,x 0 "h t ,adam & 8 p>tn] le>n$ to speak1 :ile yet !y /ood blameless & bless$1 entire & want+ no?+2 free 9 ! ex]cise ( p]fect faculties ( body & m9d1 capable ( acquir+ k ?r\gh obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 & also fav\r$ ) imm$iate communications ) _! ,mak]4 ,yet ,adam1 hav+ no?+ :i* he did n receive1 c\ld n orig9ally br+ any real k into ! _w ) him1 any m ?an m5 d n[3 ?is1 9 :atev] degree atta9$1 mu/ be1 & mu/ always h be51 ei!r an acquisition ( reason1 or a revelation f ,god4 ,&1 accord+ to ! und]/&+ ( "s1 ev5 9 ! beg9n+1 ,t 0 n fir/ :i* is spiritual1 b t :i* is natural2 & aft]w>d t :i* is spiritual4--#a ,cor41 xv1 #df4 ,t is1 ! _s ( ,*ri/1 ! second ,adam1 0 be/[$ on ! fir/ ,adam1 aft] 8 creation1 z ! life & ! light ( ! immortal s\l4 ,=1 ,9 ,him 0 life1 & ! life 0 ! light ( m51 a life :i* our fir/ p>5ts =feit$ & lo/ on ! day ( _! transgression4 ,x 0 und\bt$ly 9 ! light ( ?is pure influ5ce t ,adam _h su* an intuitive disc]n+ ( ! creation1 z enabl$ him to give names to all creatures accord+ to _! sev]al natures4--,phipps1 on ,man1 p4 #d4 ,a lapse f all ?is fav\r1 into consci\s guilt & mis]y2 a k ( good )drawn1 & ( evil made too sure2 foll[$ ! fir/ transgression4 ,ab&on$ !n 9 great measure by sup]human aid1 & left to cont5d ) foes )\t & foes )91 mank9d became :at hi/ory & obs]vation prove !m to h be52 & h5ce=?1 by pa9ful exp]i5ce1 & c>eful rese>*1 & cauti\s fai?1 & humble docility1 mu/ !y ga!r ! fruits ( k2 by a va9 desire & false conceit ( :i*1 !y _h =feit$ ! tree ( life4 ,s runs ! /ory ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit ,( t =bidd5 tree1 ^: mortal ta/e ,br\ght dea? into ! _w1 & all our wo1 ,) loss ( ,ed51 till "o great] ,man ,re/ore u1 & rega9 ! blissful seat4 #ac4 ,! analogy ( words 9 ! diff]5t languages n[ kn[n1 has be5 ?\ght by _m to be suffici5tly frequ5t & cle> to sugge/ ! idea ( _! common orig94 ,_! diff]5ces are inde$ great2 b p]haps n great]1 ?an ! diff]5ces 9 ! sev]al races ( m51 all ( :om1 z revelation tea*es1 sprung f "o common /ock4 ,f ! same s\rce we le>n1 t1 till ! ye> ( ! _w #ahdd1 ,! :ole e>? 0 ( "o language1 & ( "o spee*4--,g541 xi1 #a4bb ,at t p]iod1 ! :ole _w ( mank9d consi/$ only ( ! desc5dants ( ! eight s\ls :o _h be5 sav$ 9 ! ark1 & s _m ( ! eight z _h surviv$ ! flood "o hundr$ & eighty-eight ye>s4 ,!n occurr$ t rem>kable int]v5tion ( ! ,deity1 9 :i* he 0 pleas$ to conf\nd _! language2 s t !y c\ld n und]/& "o an o!r's spee*1 & 7 consequ5tly scatt]$ abroad ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 9 ! op9ion ( _m le>n$ m51 does n prove ! imm$iate =mation ( any new languages4 #ad4 ,b1 :e!r new languages 7 ?us imm$iately =m$ or n1 ! ev5t1 9 all probability1 laid ! f\ndation = t div]sity :i* subsequ5tly obta9$ among ! languages ( ! diff]5t nations :i* sprung f ! disp]sion2 & h5ce x may be reg>d$ z ! remote cause ( ! diff]5ces :i* n[ exi/4 ,b = ! imm$iate orig9 ( ! peculi> *>act]i/ical diff]5ces :i* di/+ui% ! v>i\s languages n[ kn[n1 we are n able ) mu* c]ta9ty to acc\nt4 ,nor is !re ev5 mu* plausibility 9 ! speculations ( ^? gramm>ians :o h attempt$ to expla9 ! ord] & mann] 9 :i* ! decl5sions1 ! moods1 ! t5ses1 or o!r lead+ features ( ! languages1 7 fir/ introduc$4 ,!y came into use be=e !y c\ld be g5]ally kn[n1 & ! p>tial introduction ( !m c\ld seldom ) propriety be made a subject ( in/ruction or record1 ev5 if !re 7 lett]s & le>n+ at h& to d !m ?is hon\r4 ,& x is bett] to be cont5t ) ignorance1 ?an to =m su* conjectures z imply any ?+ t is absurd or impossible4 ,= in/ance3 ,neilson's ,!ory ( ! ,moods1 publi%$ 9 ! ,classical ,j\rnal ( #ahai1 ?\gh x exhibits +5uity & le>n+1 is liable to ?is /rong objection2 t x proce$s on ! supposition1 t ! moods ( ,engli% v]bs1 & ( sev]al o!r d]ivative tongues1 7 inv5t$ 9 a c]ta9 ord] by p]sons1 n speak+ a language le>n$ *iefly f _! fa!rs1 b utt]+ a new "o z necessity prompt$4 ,b :5 or :]e1 s9ce ! build+ ( ,babel1 has ?is ev] happ5$8 ,t no dates are giv51 or places m5tion$1 ! read] regrets1 b he _c m>vel4 #ae4 ,by :at successive *anges1 our words 9 g5]al1 & especially ! m9or p>ts ( spee*1 h become :at we n[ f9d !m1 & :at is _! orig9al & prop] signification accord+ to _! d]ivation1 ! etymologi/ may (t5 %[ to our entire satisfaction4 ,e ^w mu/ h _h its p>ticul> orig9 & hi/ory2 & he :o 9 su* ?+s c expla9 ) c]ta9ty :at is n commonly kn[n1 may d "s s]vice to sci5ce4 ,b ev5 "h ! utility ( 8 curi\s inquiries may be ov]rat$2 & :5ev]1 = ! sake ( "s fav\rite !ory1 he v5tures into ! regions ( conjecture1 or all[s himself to be s$uc$ f ! pa? ( practical in/ruction1 8 errors are ob/9ate1 & 8 guidance is peculi>ly deceptive4 ,m5 fond ( su* speculations1 & able to support !m ) "s %[ ( le>n+1 h done m to unsettle ! sci5ce ( gramm>1 & to div]t +5i\s tea*]s f ! be/ me?ods ( in/ruction1 ?an all o!r vision>ies put toge!r4 ,etymological inquiries are important1 & ,i d n mean to c5sure or disc\rage !m1 m]ely z su*2 b ! folly ( suppos+ t 9 our language words mu/ ne$s be ( ! same class1 or "p ( spee*1 z t to :i* !y may be trac$ 9 an o!r1 des]ves to be rebuk$4 ,! words ! & an may be articles 9 ,engli%1 ?\gh obvi\sly traceable to some?+ else 9 ,saxon2 & a le>n$ man may1 9 my op9ion1 be bett] employ$1 ?an 9 cont5d+ t if1 ?\gh1 & al?\gh1 are n conjunctions1 b v]bs6 #af4 ,language is ei!r oral or writt52 ! "q ( its orig9 has consequ5tly two p>ts4 ,hav+ sugge/$ :at seem$ necess>y respect+ ! orig9 ( spee*1 ,i n[ proce$ to t ( writ+4 ,%]idan says1 ,we h 9 use two k9ds ( language1 ! spok5 & ! writt53 ! "o1 ! gift ( ,god2 ! o!r1 ! inv5tion ( man4--,elocution1 p4 xiv4 ,if ?is ascription ( ! two ?+s to _! s\rces1 7 z j z x is cle> & emphatical1 bo? p>ts ( our "q w\ld seem to be resolv$4 ,b ?is great rhetorician ei!r =got 8 own doctr9e1 or did n mean :at he "h says4 ,= he aft]w>ds makes ! =m] k9d ( language z mu* a "w ( art1 z any "o w suppose ! latt] to h be54 ,9 8 six? lecture1 he comm5ts on ! gift ( spee* ?us3 ,b /ill we are to obs]ve1 t nature did no m ?an furni% ! p[] & means2 %e did n give ! language1 z 9 ! case ( ! passions1 b left x to ! indu/ry ( m51 to f9d out & agree ^u su* articulate s\nds1 z !y %\ld *oose to make ! symbols ( _! ideas4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,he ev5 goes f>!r1 & supposes c]ta9 tones ( ! voice to be ?+s inv5t$ by man3 ,accord+ly1 z %e did n furni% ! words1 :i* 7 to be ! symbols ( 8 ideas2 nei!r did %e furni% ! tones1 :i* 7 to manife/1 & communicate by _! own virtue1 ! int]nal ex]tions & emotions1 ( su* ( 8 nobl] faculties1 z *iefly di/+ui% him f ! brute species2 b left !m also1 l words1 to ! c>e & inv5tion ( man4--,ibidem4 ,on ?is bran* ( ! subject1 en\gh has already be5 pres5t$4 #ag4 ,by mo/ au?ors1 alphabetic writ+ is n only consid]$ an artificial inv5tion1 b suppos$ to h be5 :olly unkn[n 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! _w4 ,its antiquity1 h[ev]1 is great4 ,( ?is art1 9 :i* ! sci5ce ( gramm> orig9at$1 we are n able to trace ! comm5cem5t4 ,diff]5t nations h claim$ ! hon\r ( ! inv5tion2 & x is n decid$1 among ! le>n$1 to :om1 or to :at c\ntry1 x belongs4 ,x probably orig9at$ 9 ,egypt4 ,=1 ,! ,egyptians1 x is said1 paid div9e hon\rs to ! ,inv5tor ( ,lett]s1 :om !y call$ ,!u?3 & ,socrates1 :5 he speaks ( him1 consid]s him z a god1 or a god-l man4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,*>les ,bucke has x1 ,t ! fir/ inv5tor ( lett]s is suppos$ to h be5 ,memnon2 :o 01 9 consequ5ce1 fabl$ to be ! son ( ,aurora1 goddess ( ! morn+4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,! anci5ts 9 g5]al seem to h ?\ght ,pho5icia ! bir?place ( ,lett]s3 ,pho5icians fir/1 if anci5t fame be true1 ,! sacr$ my/]y ( lett]s knew2 ,!y fir/1 by s\nd1 9 v>i\s l9es design'd1 ,express'd ! mean+ ( ! ?9k+ m9d2 ,! p[] ( words by figures rude convey$1 ,& useful sci5ce ev]la/+ made4 ,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #ccd4 #ah4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 seem will+ to ?9k writ+ coeval ) spee*4 ,?us ,bicknell1 f ,m>t9's ,physico-,grammatical ,essay3 ,we are told by ,moses1 t ,adam gave names to e liv+ creature2#bc b h[ ^? names 7 writt51 or :at sort ( *>act]s he made use (1 is n kn[n to u2 nor inde$ :e!r ,adam ev] made use ( a writt5 language at all2 s9ce we f9d no m5tion made ( any 9 ! sacr$ hi/ory4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #e4 ,a c]ta9 late writ] on ,engli% gramm>1 ) admirable flippancy1 cuts ?is matt] %ort1 z foll[s1--satisfy+ himself ) pron\nc+ all spee* to be natural1 & all writ+ artificial3 ,( h[ _m prim>y k9ds is language8 ,x is ( two k9ds2 natural or spok51 & artificial or writt54--,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,natural language is1 to a limit$ ext5t1 7! repres5tation ( ! passions17 common to brutes z well z man2 b artificial language1 be+ ! "w ( inv5tion1 is peculi> to man4--,ib41 p4 #af4bd #ai4 ,! writ+s deliv]$ to ! ,israelites by ,moses1 are m anci5t ?an any o!rs n[ kn[n4 ,9 ! ?irty-fir/ *apt] ( ,exodus1 x is said1 t ,god gave unto ,moses1 ^u ,m\nt ,s9ai1 two tables ( te/imony1 tables ( /one1 writt5 ) ! f+] ( ,god4 ,& aga91 9 ! ?irty-second3 ,! tables 7 ! "w ( ,god1 & ! writ+ 0 ! writ+ ( ,god1 grav5 ^u ! tables4 ,b ^! div9e te/imonies1 ?us miracul\sly writt51 d n appe> to h be5 ! fir/ writ+2 = ,moses _h be5 previ\sly comm&$ to write an acc\nt ( ! victory ov] ,amalek1 = a memorial 9 a book1 & rehe>se x 9 ! e>s ( ,jo%ua4--,exod41 xvii1 #ad4 ,?is fir/ battle ( ! ,israelites occurr$ 9 ,rephidim1 a place on ! ea/ side ( ! we/]n gulf ( ! ,r$ ,sea1 at or ne> ,horeb1 b be=e !y came to ,s9ai1 ^u ! top ( :i*1 7on ! fiftie? day aft] _! dep>ture f ,egypt17 ,moses receiv$ ! t5 comm&m5ts ( ! law4 #bj4 ,"s au?ors1 h[ev]1 among :om is ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 suppose t 9 ?is in/ance ! ord] ( ! ev5ts is n to be inf]r$ f ! ord] ( ! record1 or t !re is room to d\bt :e!r ! use ( lett]s 0 "h int5d$2 & t !re consequ5tly rema9s a /rong probability1 t ! sacr$ ,decalogue1 :i* ,god himself deliv]$ to ,moses on ,s9ai1 ,a4 ,m4 #beac1 ,b4 ,c4 #adia1 0 ! fir/ writ+ 9 alphabetical *>act]s ev] exhibit$ to ! _w4 ,see ,cl>ke's ,succession ( ,sacr$ ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bd4 ,dr4 ,scott1 9 8 ,g5]al ,preface to ! ,bible1 seems likewise to fav\r ! same op9ion4 ,inde$1 says he1 !re is "s probability 9 ! op9ion1 t ! art ( writ+ 0 fir/ communicat$ by revelation1 to ,moses1 9 ord] to p]petuate1 ) c]ta9ty1 ^? facts1 tru?s1 & laws1 :i* he 0 employ$ to deliv] to ,israel4 ,le>n$ m5 f9d no traces ( lit]>y1 or alphabetical1 writ+1 9 ! hi/ory ( ! nations1 till long aft] ! days ( ,moses2 unless ! book ( ,job may be reg>d$ z an exception4 ,! art ( express+ almo/ an inf9ite v>iety ( s\nds1 by ! int]*anges ( a few lett]s1 or m>ks1 seems m l a discov]y to man f heav51 ?an a human inv5tion2 & its b5eficial effects1 & almo/ absolute necessity1 = ! pres]vation & communication ( true religion1 fav\r ! conjecture4--,scott's ,preface1 p4 xiv4 #ba4 ,! "t at :i* ,cadmus1 ! ,pho5ician1 introduc$ ?is art into ,greece1 _c be precisely asc]ta9$4 ,!re is no reason to believe x 0 antec$5t to ! "t ( ,moses2 "s *ronologi/s make x betwe5 two & ?ree c5turies lat]4 ,nor is x v probable1 t ,cadmus inv5t$ ! sixte5 lett]s ( :i* he is said to h made use4 ,8 :ole /ory is s wild a fable1 t no?+ c]ta9 c be inf]r$ f x4 ,se>*+ 9 va9 = 8 /ol5 si/]--8 si/] ,europa1 c>ri$ (f by ,jupit]--he f\nd a wife 9 ! daught] ( ,v5us6 ,s[+ ! tee? ( a dragon1 :i* _h dev\r$ 8 companions1 he saw !m spr+ up to 8 aid a squadron ( arm$ soldi]s6 ,9 %ort1 aft] a s]ies ( wond]ful a*ievem5ts & bitt] mis=tunes1 load$ ) grief & infirm ) age1 he pray$ ! gods to release him f ! burd5 ( su* a life2 &1 9 pity f above1 bo? he & 8 belov$ ,h]mon 7 *ang$ into s]p5ts6 ,hi/ory1 h[ev]1 has made him g5]\s am5ds1 by ascrib+ to him ! inv5tion ( lett]s1 & acc\nt+ him ! wor?y b5efactor to :om ! _w owes all ! b5efits d]iv$ f lit]ature4 ,i w\ld n will+ly rob him ( ?is hon\r4 ,b ,i mu/ confess1 !re is no feature ( ! /ory1 :i* ,i c conceive to give any c\nt5ance to 8 claim2 except t z ! great prog5itor ( ! race ( au?ors1 8 suff]+s correspond well ) ! calamities ( :i* t un=tunate g5]ation h always s l>gely p>tak54 #bb4 ,! b5efits ( ?is inv5tion1 if x may be consid]$ an inv5tion1 are c]ta9ly v great4 ,9 oral disc\rse ! graces ( elegance are m lively & attractive1 b well-writt5 books are ! gr& in/ructors ( mank9d1 ! mo/ endur+ monum5ts ( human greatness1 & ! pr\de/ a*ievem5ts ( human intellect4 ,! *ief glory ( a nation1 says ,dr4 ,johnson1 arises f its au?ors4 ,lit]ature is important1 because x is subs]vi5t to all objects1 ev5 ^? ( ! v highe/ conc]n4 ,religion & morality1 lib]ty & gov]nm5t1 fame & happ9ess1 are alike int]e/$ 9 ! cause ( lett]s4 ,x 0 a say+ ( ,pope ,pius ! ,second1 t1 ,common m5 %\ld e/eem le>n+ z silv]1 noblem5 value x z gold1 & pr9ces prize x z jewels4 ,! uses ( le>n+ are se5 9 e ?+ t is n itself useless4#be ,x _c be ov]rat$1 b :]e x is p]v]t$2 & :5ev] t occurs1 ! rem$y is to be s\ght by oppos+ le>n+ to le>n+1 till ! tru? is manife/1 & t :i* is repreh5sible1 is made to appe> s4 #bc4 ,i h said1 le>n+ _c be ov]rat$1 b :]e x is p]v]t$4 ,b m5 may diff] 9 _! notions ( :at le>n+ is2 &1 consequ5tly1 ( :at is1 or is n1 a p]v]sion ( x4 ,& s f> z ?is po9t may h ref]5ce to !ology1 & ! ?+s ( ,god1 x w\ld seem t ! ,_s ( ,god alone c fully %[ u its be>+s4 ,if ! illum9ation ( ! ,_s is necess>y to an und]/&+ & a reception ( scriptural tru?1 is x n by an inf]5ce m erudite ?an reasonable1 t "s great m5 h presum$ to limit to a v]bal m$ium ! communications ( ,him :o is ev]y:]e ,8 own witness1 & :o /ill gives to ,8 own holy oracles all _! peculi> significance & au?ority8 ,"s seem to ?9k ! ,almighty has nev] giv5 to m5 any notion ( ,himself1 except by words4 ,_m ideas1 says ! celebrat$ ,edmund ,burke1 h nev] be5 at all pres5t$ to ! s5ses ( any m5 b by words1 z ,god1#bf angels1 devils1 heav51 & hell1 all ( :i* h h[ev] a great influ5ce ov] ! passions4--,on ! ,sublime & ! ,beautiful1 p4 #ig4 ,t ,god c nev] reveal facts or tru?s except by words1 is a position ) :i* ,i am by no means satisfi$4 ,( ! great tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,dr4 ,wayl&1 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,moral ,sci5ce1 repeat$ly av]s1 ,all ^! be+ facts1 c nev] be kn[n1 except by language1 t is1 by revelation4--,fir/ ,edition1 p4 #acb4 ,aga93 ,all ( !m be+ ( ! nature ( facts1 !y c\ld be made kn[n to man 9 no o!r way ?an by language4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$1 t ^! same facts 7 o!rwise made kn[n to ! prophets2 7#a ,pet41 i1 #aa27 & t :i* has be5 done1 is n impossible1 :e!r !re is reason to expect x aga9 or n4 ,s ( ! ,bible1 ,calv9 says1 ,no man c h ! lea/ k ( true & s\nd doctr9e1 )\t hav+ be5 a disciple ( ! ,scripture4-- ,in/itutes1 ,b4 i1 ,*4 #f4 ,_h ,adam1 ,abel1 ,eno*1 ,noah1 & ,abraham1 !n1 no su* k8 ,& if su* !y _h1 :at ,scripture taught !m8 ,we ought to value ! ,scriptures too highly to say ( !m any ?+ t is unscriptural4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 v f> f suppos+ !re is any o!r doctr9e :i* c be safely sub/itut$ = ! tru?s reveal$ ( old1 ! tru?s conta9$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts3 ,left only 9 ^? writt5 records pure1 ,?\gh n b by ! ,_s und]/ood4 #bg--,milton4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,( ,,! ,,p[] ,,( ,,language4 ,quis huic /udio lit]>um1 quod pr(it5tur ii1 qui grammatici vocantur1 p5itus se d$idit1 qu9 omnem ill>um artium pne inf9itam vim et mat]iam sci5ti cogitatione compreh5d]it8--,,cic]o4 ,de ,oratore1 ,lib4 i1 #c4 #a4 ,! peculi> p[] ( language is ano!r po9t wor?y ( p>ticul> consid]ation4 ,! p[] ( an in/rum5t is virtually ! p[] ( him :o wields x2 &1 z language is us$ 9 common1 by ! wise & ! fooli%1 ! mighty & ! impot5t1 ! c&id & ! crafty1 ! righte\s & ! wick$1 x may p]haps seem to ! read] a difficult matt]1 to speak intelligibly ( its peculi> p[]4 ,i mean1 by ?is phrase1 its fitness or effici5cy to or = ! accompli%m5t ( ! purposes = :i* x is us$4 ,z x is ! nature ( an ag5t1 to be ! do] ( some?+1 s x is ! nature ( an in/rum5t1 to be t ) :i* some?+ is effect$4 ,to make signs1 is to d some?+1 &1 l all o!r actions1 necess>ily implies an ag5t2 s all signs1 be+ ?+s by means ( :i* o!r ?+s are repres5t$1 are obvi\sly ! in/rum5ts ( su* repres5tation4 ,words1 !n1 :i* repres5t ?\ghts1 are ?+s 9 !mselves2 b1 z signs1 !y are relative to o!r ?+s1 z be+ ! in/rum5ts ( _! communication or pres]vation4 ,!y are relative also to him :o utt]s !m1 z well z to ^? :o may happ5 to be in/ruct$ or deceiv$ by !m4 ,0 x ,mirabeau1 ,mr4 ,presid5t1 or :at o!r ma/] ( ! human passions1 :o has told u t words are ?+s8 ,!y are inde$ ?+s1 & ?+s ( mighty influ5ce1 n only 9 addresses to ! passions & high-wr\ght feel+s ( mank9d1 b 9 ! discussion ( legal & political que/ions also2 because a j conclusion is (t5 avoid$1 or a false "o rea*$1 by ! adroit sub/itution ( "o phrase or "o ^w = an o!r4--,daniel ,web/]1 9 ,congress1 #ahcc4 #b4 ,to speak1 is a moral action1 ! quality ( :i* dep5ds ^u ! motive1 & = :i* we are /rictly acc\ntable4 ,b ,i say unto y1 t e idle ^w t m5 %all speak1 !y %all give acc\nt !re( 9 ! day ( judgem5t2 = by ?y words ?\ %alt be ju/ifi$1 & by ?y words ?\ %alt be condemn$4--,matt41 xii1 #cf1 #cg4 ,to li/51 or to refuse to li/51 is a moral action also2 & !re is mean+ 9 ! injunction1 ,take he$ :at ye he>4--,m>k1 iv1 #bd4 ,b :y is x1 t s mu* ( :at is spok5 or writt51 is spok5 or writt5 9 va98 ,is language impot5t8 ,x is sometimes employ$ = purposes ) respect to :i* x is utt]ly s2 & (t5 !y t use x1 "k n h[ insignificant1 absurd1 or ill-mean+ a ?+ !y make ( x4 ,:at is said1 ) :atev] inh]5t =ce or dignity1 has nei!r p[] nor value to him :o does n und]/& x2#bh &1 z ,pr(essor ,duncan obs]ves1 ,no ^w c be to any man ! sign ( an idea1 till t idea comes to h a real exi/5ce 9 8 m9d4--,logic1 p4 #fb4 ,9 in/ruction1 !re=e1 spee* ought n to be reg>d$ z ! f\ndation or ! ess5ce ( k1 b z ! sign ( x2 = k has its orig9 9 ! p[] ( s5sation1 or reflection1 or consci\sness1 & n 9 t ( record+ or communicat+ ?\ght4 ,dr4 ,spurzheim 0 n ! fir/ to sugge/1 ,x is "t to ab&on ! imm5se error ( suppos+ t words & precepts are suffici5t to call int]nal feel+s & intellectual faculties into active ex]cise4--,spurzheim's ,treatise on ,education1 p4 #id4 #c4 ,b to ?is x may be repli$1 ,:5 ,god wills1 ! signs ( k are k2 & words1 :5 he gives ! ability to und]/& !m1 may1 9 "s s5se1 become--_s & life4 ,see ,john1 vi1 #fc4 ,:]e compet5t intellectual faculties exi/1 ! intelligible signs ( ?\ght d move ! m9d to ?9k2 & to ?9k sometimes ) deep feel+s too1 :e!r ( ass5t or diss5t1 ( admiration or contempt4 ,s wond]ful a ?+ is a rational s\l1 t x is h>d to say to :at ends ! language 9 :i* x speaks1 may1 or may n1 be suffici5t4 ,let exp]i5ce det]m9e4 ,we are (t5 unable to excite 9 o!rs ! s5tim5ts :i* we w\ld3 words succe$ or fail1 z !y are receiv$ or resi/$4 ,b let a scornful expression be address$ to a passionate man1 w n ! words call int]nal feel+s into action8 ,& h[ d feel+s diff] f ?\ghts8#bi ,he> ,dr4 ,james ,ru%3 ,! human m9d is ! place ( repres5tation ( all ! exi/5ces ( nature :i* are br\ght )9 ! scope ( ! s5ses4 ,! repres5tatives are call$ ideas4 ,^! ideas are ! simple passive pictures ( ?+s1 or else !y exi/ ) an activity1 capable ( s affect+ ! physical organs z to induce u to seek ! cont9uance ( t :i* produces !m1 or to avoid x4 ,?is active or vivid class ( ideas compreh5ds ! passions4 ,! functions ( ! m9d "h describ$1 exi/ !n 9 diff]5t =ms & degrees1 f ! simple idea1 to ! highe/ en]gy ( passion3 & ! t]ms1 ?\ght1 s5tim5t1 emotion1 feel+1 & passion1 are b ! v]bal signs ( ^! degrees & =ms4 ,nor does !re appe> to be any l9e ( classification1 = sep>at+ ?\ght f passion3 s9ce simple ?\ghts1 )\t *ang+ _! nature1 d1 f int]e/ or incitem5t1 (t5 assume ! col\r ( passion4--,philosophy ( ! ,human ,voice1 p4 #cbh4 #d4 ,"l ,kames1 9 ! ,app5dix to 8 ,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 divides ! s5ses into ext]nal & int]nal1 def9+ p]ception to be ! act by :i* ?r\gh ! =m] we "k outw>d objects1 & consci\sness ! act by :i* ?r\gh ! latt] we "k :at is )9 ! m9d4 ,an idea1 accord+ to 8 def9ition1 7:i* he says is precise & accurate17 is1 ,t p]ception ( a real object :i* is rais$ 9 ! m9d by ! p[] ( memory4 ,b among ! real objects f :i* memory may raise ideas1 he includes ! work+s ( ! m9d itself1 or :atev] we rememb] ( our =m] passions1 emotions1 ?\ghts1 or designs4 ,su* a def9ition1 he imag9es1 might h sav$ ,locke1 ,b]kley1 & _! foll[]s1 f mu* va9 speculation2 = ) ! ideal sy/ems ( ^! philosoph]s1 or ) ^? ( ,ari/otle & ,des ,c>tes1 he by no means co9cides4 ,?is au?or says1 ,z ideas are ! *ief mat]ials employ$ 9 reason+ & reflect+1 x is ( consequ5ce t _! nature & diff]5ces be und]/ood4 ,x appe>s n[ t ideas may be di/+ui%$ into ?ree k9ds3 fir/1 ,ideas d]iv$ f orig9al p]ceptions1 prop]ly t]m$ ideas ( memory2 second1 ,ideas communicat$ by language or o!r signs2 & ?ird1 ,ideas ( imag9ation4 ,^! ideas diff] f ea* o!r 9 _m respects2 b *iefly 9 respect to _! proce$+ f diff]5t causes4 ,! fir/ k9d is d]iv$ f real exi/5ces t h be5 objects ( our s5ses2 language is ! cause ( ! second1 or any o!r sign t has ! same p[] ) language2 & a man's imag9ation is to himself ! cause ( ! ?ird4 ,x is sc>ce ly necess>y to add1 t an idea1 orig9ally ( imag9ation1 be+ convey$ to o!rs by language or any o!r vehicle1 becomes 9 _! m9d an idea ( ! second k9d2 & aga91 t an idea ( ?is k9d1 be+ aft]w>ds recall$ to ! m9d1 becomes 9 t circum/ance an idea ( memory4--,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #chd4 #e4 ,:e!r1 or h[ f>1 language is to ! m9d itself ! in/rum5t ( ?\ght1 is a "q ( great importance 9 ! philosophy ( bo?4 ,our lit]ature conta9s occasional ass]tions be>+ ^u ?is po9t1 b ,i "k ( no full or able discussion ( x4#cj ,c>dell's in/ructions proce$ ^u ! supposition1 t nei!r ! reason ( m51 nor ev5 t ( sup]ior intellig5ces1 c ev] op]ate indep5d5tly ( words4 ,spee*1 says he1 is to ! m9d :at action is to animal bodies4 ,its improvem5t is ! improvem5t ( our intellectual nature1 & a duty to ,god :o gave x4--,essay on ,language1 p4 #c4 ,aga93 ,an att5tive inve/igation w %[1 t !re is no way 9 :i* ! individual m9d c1 )9 itself1 to any ext5t1 comb9e its ideas1 b by ! int]v5tion ( words4 ,e process ( ! reason+ p[]s1 beyond ! imm$iate p]ception ( s5sible objects1 dep5ds on ! /ructure ( spee*2 &1 9 a great degree1 accord+ to ! excell5ce ( ?is *ief in/rum5t ( all m5tal op]ations1 w be ! means ( p]sonal improvem5t1 ( ! social transmission ( ?\ght1 & ! elevation ( national "*4 ,f ?is1 x may be laid d[n z a broad pr9ciple1 t no individual c make great advances 9 intellectual improvem5t1 beyond ! b\nds ( a ready-=m$ language1 z ! necess>y means ( 8 progress4--,ib41 p4 #i4 ,^! positions might easily be (fset by contr>y speculations ( m9ds ( equal rank2 b ,i submit !m to ! read]1 ) ! s+le sugge/ion1 t ! au?or is n rem>kable = t sobriety ( judgem5t :i* gives weight to op9ions4 #f4 ,we h se51 among ! citations 9 a =m] *apt]1 t ,sanctius says1 ,names are ! signs1 & z x 7 ! in/rum5ts1 ( ?+s4 ,b :at he meant by in/rum5ta r]um is n v app>5t4 ,dr4 ,adam says1 ,! pr9ciples ( gramm> may be trac$ f ! progress ( ! m9d 9 ! acquisition ( language4 ,*ildr5 fir/ express _! feel+s by motions & ge/ures ( ! body1 by cries & te>s4 ,?is is#ca ! language ( nature1 & !re=e univ]sal4 ,x fitly repres5ts#cb ! quickness ( s5tim5t & ?\ght1 :i* are z in/antane\s z ! impression ( light on ! eye4 ,h5ce we always express our /rong] feel+s by ^! natural signs4 ,b :5 we want to make kn[n to o!rs ! p>ticul> conceptions ( ! m9d1 we mu/ repres5t !m by p>ts1 we mu/ divide & analyze !m4 ,we express ea* "p by c]ta9 signs1#cc & jo9 ^! toge!r1 accord+ to ! ord] ( _! relations4 ,?us words are bo? ! in/rum5t & signs#cd ! division ( ?\ght4--,preface to ,lat9 ,gram4 #g4 ,! utt]ance ( words1 or ! mak+ ( signs ( any sort1 requires "t2#ce b x is "h sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,adam1 t s5tim5t & ?\ght1 ?\gh susceptible ( be+ reta9$ or recall$1 naturally fla% ^u ! m9d ) immeasurable quickness4#cf ,if s1 !y mu/ orig9ate 9 some?+ m spiritual ?an language4 ,! ,doctor does n affirm t words are ! in/rum5ts ( ?\ght1 b ( ! division ( ?\ght4 ,b x is manife/1 t if !y effect ?is1 !y are n ! only in/rum5ts by means ( :i* ! same ?+ may be done4 ,! deaf & dumb1 ?\gh un9/ruct$ & utt]ly ignorant ( language1 c ?9k2 & c1 by rude signs ( _! own inv5t+1 manife/ a simil> division1 correspond+ to ! individuality ( ?+s4 ,& :at else c be meant by ! division ( ?\ght1 ?an our notion ( objects1 z exi/+ sev]ally1 or z be+ di/+ui%able into p>ts8 ,!re c1 ,i ?9k1 be no su* division respect+ t :i* is p]fectly pure & indivisible 9 its ess5ce2 &1 ,i w\ld ask1 is n simple cont9uity apt to exclude x f our conception ( e ?+ :i* appe>s ) uni=m coh]5ce8 ,dr4 ,beattie says1 ,x appe>s to me1 t1 z all ?+s are individuals1 all ?\ghts mu/ be s too4--,moral ,sci5ce1 ,*ap1 i1 ,sec4 #a4 ,if1 !n1 our ?\ghts are ?us divid$1 & consequ5tly1 z ?is au?or inf]s1 h n 9 !mselves any ( t g5]ality :i* belongs to ! signification ( common n\ns1 !re is little ne$ ( any in/rum5t to divide !m fur!r3 ! m9d r ne$s help1 z ,c>dell sugge/s1 to comb9e its ideas4 #cg #h4 ,s f> z language is a "w ( art1 & n a ?+ conf]r$ or impos$ ^u u by nature1 !re surely c be 9 x nei!r division nor union t 0 n fir/ 9 ! intellect = ! manife/ation ( :i* x 0 =m$4 ,fir/1 ) respect to g5]alization4 ,! human m9d1 says ,h>ris1 by an en]gy z spontane\s & famili> to its nature1 z ! see+ ( col\r is famili> to ! eye1 disc]ns at once :at 9 _m is "o1 :at 9 ?+s dissimil> & diff]5t is simil> & ! same4--,h]mes1 p4 #cfb4 ,secondly1 ) respect to division4 ,me*anical sep>ations are limit$3 ,b ! m9d surm\nts all p[] ( concretion2 & c place 9 ! simple/ mann] e attribute by itself2 convex )\t concave2 col\r )\t sup]ficies2 sup]ficies )\t body2 & body )\t its accid5ts3 z di/9ctly ea* "o1 z ?\gh !y _h nev] be5 unit$4 ,& ?us x is1 t x p5etrates into ! recesses ( all ?+s1 n only divid+ !m z :oles1 into _! m conspicu\s p>ts1 b p]si/+ till x ev5 sep>ate ^? elem5t>y pr9ciples :i*1 be+ bl5d$ toge!r aft] a m my/]i\s mann]1 are unit$ 9 ! m9ute/ "p z mu* z 9 ! mightie/ :ole4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #cjg4 #i4 ,x is rem>kable t ?is philosoph]1 :o _h s sublime conceptions ( ! p[]s ( ! human m9d1 & :o has display$ su* extraord9>y acut5ess 9 8 inve/igations1 has repres5t$ ! =mation ( words1 or ! utt]ance ( language1 z equall+ 9 spe$ ! progress ( our v ?\ghts2 :ile1 z we h se51 an o!r au?or1 ( great "n1 av]s1 t ?\ght is z in/antane\s z ! impression ( light on ! eye4 ,philosophy "h too evid5tly nods4 ,9 %[+ ! advantage ( words1 z comp>$ ) pictures1 ,h>ris says1 ,if we consid] ! ease & spe$ ) :i* words are =m$1-an ease :i* kn[s no tr\ble or fatigue1 & a spe$ :i* equals ! progress ( our v ?\ghts1#ch--we may pla9ly p]ceive an answ] to ! "q "h propos$1 ,:y1 9 ! common int]c\rse ( m5 ) m51 imitations h be5 reject$1 & symbols pref]r$4--,h]mes1 p4 #ccf4 ,let u he> a ?ird man1 ( equal note3 ,words h be5 call$ w+$2 & !y well des]ve t "n1 :5 _! abbreviations are comp>$ ) ! progress :i* spee* c\ld make )\t ^! inv5tions2 b1 comp>$ ) ! rapidity ( ?\ght1 !y h n ! smalle/ claim to t title4 ,philosoph]s h calculat$ ! diff]5ce ( velocity betwe5 s\nd & light2 b :o w attempt to calculate ! diff]5ce betwe5 spee* & ?\ght6--,horne ,tooke's ,epea ,pt]o5ta1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bc4 #aj4 ,x is c]ta91 t1 9 ! admirable economy ( ! creation1 natures subord9ate are made1 9 a wond]ful mann]1 subs]vi5t to ! op]ations ( ! high]2 & t1 accord+ly1 our fir/ ideas are su* z are conceiv$ ( ?+s ext]nal & s5sible4 ,h5ce all m5 ^: intellect appeals only to ext]nal s5se1 are prone to a philosophy :i* rev]ses ! ord] ( ?+s p]ta9+ to ! m9d1 & t5ds to mat]ialism1 if n to a!ism4 ,b--to ref] aga9 to ,h>ris--! intellectual s*eme :i* nev] =gets ,deity1 po/pones e ?+ corporeal to ! prim>y m5tal ,cause4 ,x is "h x looks = ! orig9 ( intelligible ideas1 ev5 ( ^? :i* exi/ 9 human capacities4 ,= ?\gh s5sible objects may be ! de/9$ m$ium to awak5 ! dormant en]gies ( man's und]/&+1 yet are ^? en]gies !mselves no m conta9$1 9 s5se1 ?an ! explosion ( a cannon1 9 ! sp>k :i* gave x fire4 ,9 %ort1 all m9ds t are1 are simil> & cong5ial2 & s too are _! ideas1 or intelligible =ms4 ,7 x o!rwise1 !re c\ld be no int]c\rse betwe5 man & man1 or 7:at is m important7 betwe5 man & ,god4--,h]mes1 p4 #cic4 #aa4 ,a doctr9e some:at l ?is1 is f\nd 9 ! ,m$itations ( ! emp]or ,m>cus ,aurelius ,anton9us1 ?\gh app>5tly repugnant to ! poly!ism commonly admitt$ by ! ,/oics1 to :om he belong$3 ,! _w1 take x all toge!r1 is b "o2 !re is b "o sort ( matt] to make x (1 "o ,god to gov]n x1 & "o law to guide x4 ,=1 run ?r\gh ! :ole sy/em ( rational be+s1 & y w f9d reason & tru? b s+le & ! same4 ,& ?us be+s ( ! same k9d1 & endu$ ) ! same reason1 are made happy by ! same ex]cises ( x4--,book vii1 ,sec4 #i4 ,aga93 ,let y\r s\l receive ! ,deity z y\r blood does ! air2 = ! influ5ces ( ! "o are no less vital1 ?an ^? ( ! o!r4 ,?is correspond5ce is v practicable3 = !re is an ambi5t omnipres5t ,_s1 :i* lies z op5 & p]vi\s to y\r m9d1 z ! air y brea! does to y\r lungs3 b !n y mu/ rememb] to be dispos$ to draw x4--,book viii1 ,sec4 #ed2 ,colli]'s ,translation4 #ab4 ,agreeably to ^! views1 except t he makes a di/9ction betwe5 a natural & a sup]natural idea ( ,god1 we f9d ,b>clay1 ! e>ly def5d] ( ! ,quak]s1 9 an argum5t ) a c]ta9 ,dut* nobleman1 philosophiz+ ?us3 ,if ! ,scripture !n be true1 !re is 9 m5 a sup]natural idea ( ,god1 :i* altoge!r diff]s f ?is natural idea--,i say1 9 all m52 because all m5 are capable ( salvation1 & consequ5tly ( enjoy+ ?is div9e vision4 ,n[ ?is capacity consi/e? h]e91 t !y h su* a sup]natural idea 9 !mselves4#ci ,= if !re 7 no su* idea 9 !m1 x 7 impossible !y %\ld s "k ,god2 = :atsoev] is cle>ly & di/9ctly kn[n1 is kn[n by its prop] idea2 nei!r c x o!rwise be cle>ly & di/9ctly kn[n4 ,= ! ideas ( all ?+s are div9ely plant$ 9 our s\ls2 =1 z ! bett] philosophy tea*e?1 !y are n begott5 9 u by outw>d objects or outw>d causes1 b only are by ^! outw>d ?+s excit$ or /irr$ up4 ,& ?is is true1 n only 9 sup]natural ideas ( ,god & ?+s div9e1 & 9 natural ideas ( ! natural pr9ciples ( human und]/&+1 & conclusions !nce d$uc$ by ! /r5g? ( human reason2 b ev5 9 ! ideas ( outw>d objects1 :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! outw>d s5ses3 z t noble ,*ri/ian philosoph] ,bo?ius ha? well obs]v$2 to :i* also ! ,c>tesian philosophy agree?4 ,i quote only to %[ ! concurr5ce ( o!rs1 ) ,h>ris's position4 ,b>clay c>ries on 8 argum5t ) mu* m ( a simil> import4 ,see ,sewell's ,hi/ory1 folio1 p4 #fbj4 #ac4 ,b ! doctr9e ( ideas exi/+ prim>ily 9 ,god1 & be+ div9ely plant$ 9 our s\ls1 did n orig9ate ) ,bo?ius3 x may be trac$ back a ?\s& ye>s f 8 "t1 ?r\gh ! philosophy ( ,proclus1 ,z5o1 ,ari/otle1#dj ,plato1 ,socrates1 ,p>m5ides1 & ,py?agoras4 ,x is absurd to suppose any production or effect to be m excell5t ?an its cause4 ,t :i* really produces motion1 _c itself be in]t2 & t :i* actually causes ! human m9d to ?9k & reason1 _c itself be devoid ( intellig5ce4 ,= k c alone produce k4 #da ,a doctr9e app>5tly at v>iance ) ?is1 has rec5tly be5 taught1 ) great confid5ce1 among ! pr(ess$ discov]ies ( ,phr5ology4 ,h[ mu* tru? !re may be 9 ?is new sci5ce1 z x is call$1 ,i am n prep>$ to say2 b1 z sometimes held =?1 x seems to me n only to cla% ) "s ( ! mo/ important pr9ciples ( m5tal philosophy1 b to make ! p[] ( ?\ght ! result ( t :i* is 9 itself in]t & un?9k+4 ,assum+ t ! primitive faculties ( ! human und]/&+ h n be5 kn[n 9 e>li] times1 x pr(esses to h discov]$1 9 ! physical organization ( ! bra91 _! prop] s\rce1 or ess5tial condition1 & ! true index to _! measure1 numb]1 & di/ribution4 ,9 %ort1 ! lead+ phr5ologi/s1 by ackn[l$g+ no spiritual sub/ance1 virtually d5y t anci5t doctr9e1 ,x is n 9 fle% to ?9k1 or bones to reason1 #db & make ! m9d ei!r a mat]ial sub/ance1 or a m]e mode )\t sub/antial be+4 #ad4 ,! doctr9e ( immat]ial sub/ances1 says ,dr4 ,spurzheim1 is n suffici5tly am5able to ! te/ ( obs]vation2 x is f\nd$ on belief1 & only support$ by hypo!sis4--,phr5ology1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bj4 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$1 t our notion ( mat]ial sub/ance1 is j z mu* a matt] ( hypo!sis4 ,all accid5ts1 :e!r !y be qualities or actions1 we necess>ily suppose to h "s support2 & ?is we call sub/ance1 d]iv+ ! t]m f ! ,lat91 or hypo/asis1 if we *oose to borr[ f ! ,greek4 ,b :at ?is sub/ance1 or hypo/asis1 is1 indep5d5tly ( its qualities or actions1 we "k n4 ,?is is cle>ly prov$ by ,locke4 ,:at d we mean by matt]8 & :at by m9d8 ,matt] is t :i* is solid1 ext5d$1 divisible1 movable1 & occupies space4 ,m9d is t :i* ?9ks1 & wills1 & reasons1 & rememb]s1 & wor%ips4 ,"h are qualities 9 ! "o case2 op]ations 9 ! o!r4 ,"h are two def9itions z totally di/9ct z any two c be2 & he t sees n 9 !m a diff]5ce ( sub/ance1 sees x n[h]e3 to him all natures are "o2 & t "o1 an absurd supposition4 #ae4 ,9 fav\r ( :at is urg$ by ! phr5ologi/s1 x may p]haps be admitt$1 z a natural law1 t1 ,if a picture ( a visible object be =m$ ^u ! ret9a1 & ! impression be communicat$1 by ! n]ves1 to ! bra91 ! result w be an act ( p]ception4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #d4 ,b x does n foll[1 nor did ! writ] ( ?is s5t5ce believe1 t p]ception is a m]e act or attribute ( ! organiz$ matt] ( ! bra94 ,a mat]ial object c only occasion 9 our s5sible organs a corporeal motion1 :i* has n 9 x ! nature ( ?\ght or p]ception2 & ^u :at pr9ciple ( causation1 %all a man believe1 9 respect to vision1 t ! ?+ :i* he sees1 is m prop]ly ! cause ( ! idea conceiv$ ( x1 ?an is ! light by :i* he beholds x1 or ! m9d 9 :i* t idea is =m$8 ,"l ,kames av]s1 t1 ,col\r1 :i* appe>s to ! eye z spread ^u a sub/ance1 has no exi/5ce b 9 ! m9d ( ! spectator4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 i1 #agh4 ,& ,cic]o plac$ ! p]ception1 n only ( col\r1 b ( ta/e1 ( s\nd1 ( smell1 & ( t\*1 9 ! m9d1 r ?an 9 ! s5ses4 ,illud e/ album1 hoc dulce1 canorum illud1 hoc b5e ol5s1 hoc asp]um3 animo jam hc t5emus compreh5sa1 non s5sibus4--,cic]onis ,acad4 ,lib4 ii1 #g4 ,dr4 ,beattie1 h[ev]1 says3 ,col\rs inh]e n 9 ! col\r$ body1 b 9 ! light t falls ^u x2 99 99 99 & ! ^w col\r d5otes1 an ext]nal ?+1 & nev] a s5sation ( ! m9d4--,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #ed4 ,"h is "s diff]5ce ( op9ion2 b h[ev] ! ?+ may be1 x does n affect my argum5t2 :i* is1 t to p]ceive or ?9k is an act or attribute ( our immat]ial sub/ance or nature1 & n to be suppos$ ! effect ei!r ( ! objects p]ceiv$ or ( our own corporeal organization4 #af4 ,div9e wisdom has e/abli%$ ! s5ses z ! av5ues ?r\gh :i* our m9ds %all receive notices ( ! =ms & qualities ( ext]nal ?+s2 b ! sublime conception ( ! anci5ts1 t ^! =ms & qualities _h an ab/ract prexi/5ce 9 ! div9e m9d1 is a common doctr9e ( _m ,engli% au?ors1 z ,milton1 ,c[p]1 ,ak5side1 & o!rs4 ,= example3 ,n[ if ,ens primum be ! cause ( entia a primo1 !n he ha? ! idea ( !m 9 him3 = he made !m by c\nsel1 & n by necessity2 = !n he %\ld h ne$$ !m1 & !y h a p>helion ( t wisdom t is 9 8 ,idea4--,ri*>dson's ,logic1 p4 #af3 ,lond4 #afeg4 ,!n ! ,great ,_s1 :om 8 works adore1 ,)9 8 own deep ess5ce view'd ! =ms1 ,! =ms et]nal ( creat$ ?+s4--,,ak5side4 ,pleasures ( ! ,imag9ation1 ,book i4 ,& 9 ! s*ool ( sacr$ wisdom taught1 ,to read 8 wond]s1 9 ^: ?\ght ! _w1 ,fair z x is1 exi/$ ere x 04--,,c[p]4 ,task3 ,w9t] ,morn+ ,walk1 p4 #aej4 ,!nce to behold ?is new-creat$ _w1 ,! addition ( 8 empire1 h[ x %['d ,9 prospect f 8 ?rone1 h[ good1 h[ fair1 ,answ]+ 8 great idea4--,,milton4 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book vii1 l9e #eed4 ,?\ght %9es f ,god z %9es ! morn2 ,language f k9dl+ ?\ght is born4 ,,anon43 a ,poem 9 imitation ( ,col]idge4 #ag4 ,orig9al ,tru?1 #dc says ,h>ris1 hav+ ! mo/ intimate connection ) ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce1 may be said 7z x 77 to %9e ) un*angeable spl5dor1 enlight5+ ?r\gh\t ! univ]se e possible subject1 by nature susceptible ( its b5ign influ5ce4 ,passions & o!r ob/acles may prev5t inde$ its efficacy1 z cl\ds & vap\rs may obscure ! sun2 b itself nei!r admits dim9ution1 nor *ange1 because ! d>kness respects only p>ticul> p]cipi5ts4 ,among ^! !re=e we mu/ look = ignorance & error1 & = t subord9ation ( intellig5ce :i* is _! natural consequ5ce4 ,p>tial views1 ! imp]fections ( s5se2 inatt5tion1 idl5ess1 ! turbul5ce ( passions2 education1 local s5tim5ts1 op9ions1 & belief2 conspire 9 _m in/ances to furni% u ) ideas1 "s too p>tial1 & 7:at is worse ?an all ?is7 ) _m t are errone\s1 & contr>y to tru?4 ,^! x behoves u to correct z f> z possible1 by cool susp5se & c&id exam9ation4 ,?us by a connection p]haps little expect$1 ! cause ( ,lett]s1 & t ( ,virtue1 appe> to co9cide2 x be+ ! bus9ess ( bo?1 to exam9e our ideas1 & to am5d !m by ! /&>d ( nature & ( tru?4--,see ,h]mes1 p4 #djf4 #ah4 ,al?\gh x seems pla9 f our own consci\sness1 t ! m9d is an active self-mov+ pr9ciple or ess5ce1 yet capable ( be+ mov$1 aft] its own mann]1 by o!r causes outw>d z well z inw>d2 & al?\gh x mu/ be obvi\s to reflection1 t all its ideas1 p]ceptions1 & emotions1 are1 ) respect to itself1 ( a spiritual nature--be>+ su* a relation to ! spiritual sub/ance 9 :i* alone !y appe>1 z bodily motion is se5 to be> to mat]ial sub/ances2 yet we "k1 f exp]i5ce & obs]vation1 t !y :o are acqua9t$ ) words1 are apt to ?9k 9 words--t is1 m5tally to associate _! int]nal conceptions ) ! v]bal signs :i* !y h le>n$ to use4 ,& ?\gh ,i d n conceive ! position to be g5]ally true1 t words are to ! m9d itself ! necess>y in/rum5ts ( ?\ght1 yet1 9 my appreh5sion1 x _c well be d5i$1 t 9 "s ( its op]ations & intellectual rea*es1 ! m9d is greatly assi/$ by its own contrivances ) respect to language4 ,i ref] n n[ to ! communication ( k2 =1 ( ?is1 language is admitt$ to be prop]ly ! in/rum5t4 ,b !re seem to be "s processes ( ?\ght1 or calculation1 9 :i* ! m9d1 by a wond]ful artifice 9 ! comb9ation ( t]ms1 contrives to prev5t emb>rassm5t1 & help itself =w>d 9 its conceptions1 :5 ! objects be=e x are 9 !mselves p]haps inf9ite 9 numb] or v>iety4 #ai4 ,we h an in/ance ( ?is 9 num]ation4 ,no idea is m obvi\s or simple ?an t ( unity1 or "o4 ,by ! cont9ual addition ( ?is1 fir/ to itself to make two1 & !n to ea* high] comb9ation successively1 we =m a s]ies ( diff]5t numb]s1 :i* may g on to inf9ity4 ,9 ! consid]ation ( ^!1 ! m9d w\ld n be able to g t> )\t ! help ( words1 & ^? peculi>ly fitt$ to ! purpose4 ,! und]/&+ w\ld lose itself 9 ! multiplicity1 7 x n aid$ by t curi\s concat5ation ( names1 :i* has be5 contriv$ = ! sev]al p>ts ( ! succession4 ,z f> z twelve we make use ( simple unrelat$ t]ms4 ,!nce=w>d we apply d]ivatives & comp\nds1 =m$ f ^! 9 _! regul> ord]1 till we arrive at a hundr$4 ,?is "o new ^w1 hundr$1 introduc$ to prev5t confusion1 has n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e di/9ct repetitions 9 connexion ) ! prec$+ t]ms1 & ?us br+s u to a ?\s&4 ,"h ! computation beg9s anew1 runs ?r\gh all ! =m] comb9ations1 & !n ext5ds =w>d1 till ! ^w ?\s& has be5 us$ n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e ?\s& times2 & !n1 = t5 hundr$ ?\s&1 we introduce ! new ^w million4 ,) ?is "n we beg9 aga9 z be=e1 & proce$ till we h us$ x a million ( times1 ea* comb9ation d5ot+ a numb] cle>ly di/+ui%$ f e o!r2 & !n1 9 l mann]1 we beg9 & proce$1 ) billions1 trillions1 quadrillions1 qu9tillions1 etc41 to any ext5t we please4 #bj4 ,n[ c any "o suppose t words are n "h1 9 "s true s5se1 ! in/rum5ts ( ?\ght1 or ( ! intellectual process ?us c>ri$ on8 ,7 all ^! diff]5t numb]s to be di/+ui%$ directly by ! m9d itself1 & d5om9at$ by t]ms de/itute ( ?is artificial connexion1 x may well be d\bt$ :e!r ! greate/ g5ius 9 ! _w w\ld ev] be able to d :at any *ild may n[ effect by ?is ord]ly arrangem5t ( words2 t is1 to di/+ui% exactly ! sev]al /ages ( ?is long progression1 & see at a glance h[ f> x is f ! beg9n+ ( ! s]ies4 ,! great art ( k1 says ,duncan1 lies 9 manag+ ) skill ! capacity ( ! intellect1 & contriv+ su* helps1 z1 if !y /r5g!n n its natural p[]s1 may yet expose !m to no unnecess>y fatigue4 ,:5 ideas become v complex1 & by ! multiplicity ( _! p>ts gr[ too unwieldy to be dealt ) 9 ! lump1 we mu/ ease ! view ( ! m9d by tak+ !m to pieces1 & sett+ be=e x ! sev]al portions sep>ately1 "o aft] an o!r4 ,by ?is leisurely survey we are enabl$ to take 9 ! :ole2 & if we c draw x into su* an ord]ly comb9ation z w naturally lead ! att5tion1 /ep by /ep1 9 any succe$+ consid]ation ( ! same idea1 we %all h x ev] at comm&1 & ) a s+le glance ( ?\ght be able to run ov] all its p>ts4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #cg1 ,h5ce we may inf] ! great importance ( me?od 9 gramm>2 ! p>ticul>s ( :i*1 z ,qu9tilian says1 are inf9ite4#dd #ba4 ,words are 9 !mselves b audible or visible signs1 m]e arbitr>y symbols1 us$1 accord+ to common practice & cons5t1 z significant ( our ideas or ?\ghts4#de ,b s well are !y fitt$ to be made at w ! m$ium ( m5tal conf]5ce1 t no?+ else c be conceiv$ to equal !m = ?is purpose4 ,yet x does n foll[ t !y :o h ! greate/ k & comm& ( words1 h all !y c\ld desire 9 ?is respect4 ,= language is 9 its own nature b an imp]fect in/rum5t1 & ev5 :5 tun$ ) ! greate/ skill1 w (t5 be f\nd inadequate to convey ! impression ) :i* ! m9d may lab\r4 ,cic]o1 t great ma/] ( eloqu5ce1 frequ5tly confess$1 or decl>$1 t words fail$ him4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may be ?\ght to h be5 utt]$ z a m]e figure ( spee*2 & "s may say1 t ! imp]fection ,i speak (1 is b an incid5t ( ! common weakness or ignorance ( human nature2 & t if a man always knew :at to say to an o!r 9 ord] to p]suade or confute1 to enc\rage or t]rify him1 he w\ld always succe$1 & no insuffici5cy ( ?is k9d w\ld ev] be felt or imag9$4 ,?is also is plausible2 b is ! imp]fection less1 = be+ sometimes traceable to an ult]ior s\rce8 ,or is x c]ta9 t human languages us$ by p]fect wisdom1 w\ld all be p]fectly compet5t to _! common purpose8 ,& if "s w\ld be f\nd less s ?an o!rs1 may !re n be an insuffici5cy 9 ! v nature ( !m all8 #bb4 ,if !re is imp]fection 9 any in/rum5t1 !re is s mu* ! m ne$ ( c>e & skill 9 ! use ( x4 ,duncan1 9 conclud+ 8 *apt] ab\t words z signs ( our ideas1 says1 ,x is app>5t1 t we are suffici5tly provid$ ) ! means' ( communicat+ our ?\ghts "o to ano!r2 & t ! mi/akes s frequ5tly compla9$ ( on ?is head1 are :olly ow+ to ourselves1 9 n suffici5tly def9+ ! t]ms we use2 or p]haps n connect+ !m ) cle> & det]m9ate ideas4--,logic1 p4 #fi4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we f9d t "s ( ! be/ & wise/ ( m5 confess ! inadequacy ( language1 :ile !y also deplore its misuse4 ,b1 :atev] may be its inh]5t defects1 or its culpable abuses1 x is /ill to be hon\r$ z almo/ ! only m$ium = ! communication ( ?\ght & ! diffusion ( k4 ,bi%op ,butl] rem>ks1 9 8 ,analogy ( ,religion1 7a mo/ valuable "w1 ?\gh defective 9 /yle17 ,s likewise ! imp]fections att5d+ ! only me?od by :i* nature enables & directs u to communicate our ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 are innum]able4 ,language is1 9 its v nature1 inadequate1 ambigu\s1 liable to inf9ite abuse1 ev5 f neglig5ce2 & s liable to x f design1 t e man c deceive & betray by x4--,"p ii1 ,*ap4 #c4 ,"l ,kames1 too1 seconds ?is compla9t1 at lea/ 9 "p3 ,lam5table is ! imp]fection ( language1 almo/ 9 e p>ticul> t falls n "u ext]nal s5se4 ,i am talk+ ( a matt] exce$+ly cle> 9 ! p]ception1 & yet ,i f9d no small difficulty to express x cle>ly 9 words4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hf4 ,all writ]s1 says ,%]idan1 seem to be "u ! influ5ce ( "o common delusion1 t by ! help ( words alone1 !y c communicate all t passes 9 _! m9ds4--,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 xi4 #bc4 ,addison also1 9 apologiz+ = ,milton's frequ5t use ( old words & =eign idioms1 says1 ,i may fur!r add1 t ,milton's s5tim5ts & ideas 7 s wond]fully sublime1 t x w\ld h be5 impossible = him to h repres5t$ !m 9 _! full /r5g? & beauty1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to ^! =eign assi/ances4 ,our language sunk "u him1 & 0 unequal to t greatness ( s\l :i* furni%$ him ) su* glori\s conceptions4--,spectator1 ,no4 #big4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ,dr4 ,johnson seems to reg>d z a m]e complim5t to g5ius2 = ( ,milton he says1 ,! tru? is1 t bo? 9 prose & v]se1 he _h =m$ 8 /yle by a p]v]se & p$antick pr9ciple4 ,b ! gr&eur ( 8 ?\ghts is n d5i$ by ! critic2 nor is 8 language c5sur$ )\t qualification4 ,:atev] be ! faults ( 8 diction1 he _c want ! praise ( copi\sness & v>iety3 he 0 ma/] ( 8 language 9 its full ext5t2 & has select$ ! melodi\s words ) su* dilig5ce1 t f 8 book alone ! ,art ( ,engli% ,poetry might be le>n$4-- ,johnson's ,life ( ,milton3 ,lives1 p4 #ib4 #bd4 ,z words ab/ractly consid]$ are empty & va91 be+ 9 _! nature m]e signs1 or tok5s1 :i* d]ive all _! value f ! ideas & feel+s :i* !y sugge/2 x is evid5t t he :o w\ld ei!r speak or write well1 mu/ be furni%$ ) some?+ m ?an a k ( s\nds & lett]s4 ,words fitly spok5 are inde$ bo? preci\s & beautiful--l apples ( gold 9 pictures ( silv]4 ,b x is n = him ^: s\l is d>k1 ^: designs are selfi%1 ^: affections are dead1 or ^: ?\ghts are va91 to say ) ! son ( ,amram1 ,my doctr9e %all drop z ! ra91 my spee* %all di/il z ! dew2 z ! small ra9 ^u ! t5d] h]b1 & z ! %[]s ^u ! grass4--,deut41 xxxii1 #b4 ,x is n = him to exhibit ! true excell5cy ( spee*1 because he _c feel its p[]4 ,x is n = him1 :atev] be ! !me1 to conv9ce ! judgem5t ) d$uctions ( reason1 to fire ! imag9ation ) gl[+ imag]y1 or w9 ) graceful words ! will+ e> ( ta/e4 ,8 wisdom %all be sil5ce1 :5 m5 are pres5t2 = ! s\l ( manly language1 is ! s\l t ?9ks & feels z be/ becomes a man4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,( ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,language4 ,non m$iocres enim t5ebr 9 sylva1 ubi hc capt&a3 neque eon1 quo p]v5ire volumus semit trit3 neque non 9 tramitibus qudam objecta1 qu euntem ret9]e poss5t4--,,v>ro4 ,de ,l+ua ,lat9a1 ,lib4 iv1 p4 #d4 #a4 ,9 ord] t we may set a j value ^u ! lit]>y lab\rs ( ^? :o1 9 =m] times1 gave p>ticul> att5tion to ! culture ( ! ,engli% language1 & t we may ! bett] judge ( ! cr$ibility ( mod]n pret5sions to fur!r improvem5ts1 x seems necess>y t we %\ld "k some?+ ( ! c\rse ( ev5ts ?r\gh :i* its ackn[l$g$ melioration 9 e>li] days took place4 ,=1 9 ?is case1 ! ext5t ( a man's k is ! /r5g? ( 8 argum5t4 ,z ,bacon quotes ,ari/otle1 ,qui respiciunt ad pauca1 de facili pronunciant4 ,he t takes a n>r[ view1 easily makes up 8 m9d4 ,b :at is any op9ion wor?1 if fur!r k ( facts c confute x8 #b4 ,:atsoev] is successively v>i$1 or has su* a mann] ( exi/5ce z "t c affect1 mu/ h _h bo? an orig9 & a progress2 & may h also its p>ticul> hi/ory1 if ! opportunity = writ+ x be n neglect$4 ,b su* is ! levity ( mank9d1 t ?+s ( great mom5t are (t5 left )\t memorial1 :ile ! h& ( ,lit]ature is busy to beguile ! _w ) trifles or ) fictions1 ) fancies or ) lies4 ,! rude & cursory languages ( b>b>\s nations1 till ! g5ius ( ,gramm> arise to _! rescue1 are among ^? transitory ?+s :i* unsp>+ "t is ev] hurry+ away1 irrecov]ably1 to oblivion4 ,tradition kn[s n :at !y 72 = ( _! *anges %e takes no acc\nt4 ,philosophy tells u1 !y are resolv$ into ! v>iable1 fleet+ brea? ( ! successive g5]ations ( ^? by :om !y 7 spok52 ^: k9dr$ fate x 01 to pass away unnotic$ & nameless1 lo/ 9 ! elem5ts f :i* !y sprung4 #c4 ,^u ! hi/ory ( ! ,engli% language1 d>kness ?ick5s z we tread back ! c\rse ( "t4 ,! subject ( our inquiry becomes1 at e /ep1 m difficult & less wor?y4 ,we h n[ a tract ( ,engli% lit]ature1 bo? ext5sive & lum9\s2 & ?\gh _m mod]n writ]s1 & no few ev5 ( our writ]s on gramm>1 are comp>atively v defici5t 9 /yle1 x is safe to affirm t ! ,engli% language 9 g5]al has nev] be5 writt5 or spok5 ) m propriety & elegance1 ?an x is at ! pres5t day4 ,mod]n ,engli% we read ) facility2 & t :i* 0 good two c5turies ago1 ?\gh consid]ably antiquat$1 is /ill easily und]/ood4 ,! be/ way1 !re=e1 to ga9 a practical k ( ! *anges :i* our language has und]gone1 is1 to read "s ( our old] au?ors 9 retrograde ord]1 till ! /yle employ$ at times m & m remote1 becomes 9 "s degree famili>4 ,pursu$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! /udy w be less difficult1 & ! lab\r ( ! curi\s inquir]1 :i* may be susp5d$ or resum$ at pleasure1 w be bett] repaid1 ?an if he proce$ 9 ! ord] ( hi/ory1 & attempt at fir/ ! ,saxon rema9s4 #d4 ,! value ( a language z an object ( /udy1 dep5ds *iefly on ! "* ( ! books :i* x conta9s2 &1 second>ily1 on its connexion ) o!rs m wor?y to be ?or\ghly kn[n4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 !re are sev]al circum/ances :i* are calculat$ soon to disc\rage rese>*4 ,z our language took its rise dur+ ! b>b>ism ( ! d>k ages1 ! books ?r\gh :i* its e>ly hi/ory mu/ be trac$1 are n only few & meagre1 b1 9 respect to gramm>1 unsettl$ & div]se4 ,x is n to be expect$ t inquiries ( ?is k9d w ev] engage ! att5tion ( any v consid]able numb] ( p]sons4 ,ov] ! m9ds ( ! read+ public1 ! attractions ( novelty hold a mu* great] influ5ce1 ?an any ?+ t is to be discov]$ 9 ! dusk ( antiquity4 ,all old books conta9 a great] or less numb] ( obsolete words1 & antiquat$ modes ( expression1 :i* puzzle ! read]1 & call him too frequ5tly to 8 gloss>y4 ,& ev5 ! mo/ common t]ms1 :5 !y appe> 9 _! anci5t1 unsettl$ or?ography1 are (t5 s disguis$ z n to be readily recogniz$4 #e4 ,^! circum/ances 7! la/ ( :i* %\ld be a caution to u aga9/ innovations 9 spell+7 ret>d ! progress ( ! read]1 impose a lab\r too great = ! ard\r ( 8 curiosity1 & soon dispose him to re/ satisfi$ ) an ignorance1 :i*1 be+ g5]al1 is n likely to expose him to c5sure4 ,= ^! reasons1 anci5t au?ors are little read2 & ! real antiqu>y is consid]$ a man ( odd habits1 :o1 by a s+ul> prop5sity1 is l$ into /udies bo? unfa%ionable & fruitless--a man :o ought to h be5 born 9 ! days ( old1 t he might h spok5 ! language he is s curi\s to "k1 & h appe>$ 9 ! co/ume ( an age bett] suit$ to 8 ta/e4 #f4 ,b ,le>n+ is ev] curi\s to explore ! records ( "t1 z well z ! regions ( space2 & :]ev] h] in/itutions fl\ri%1 %e w amass h] treasures1 & spread !m be=e h] vot>ies4 ,diff]5ce ( languages %e easily ov]comes2 b ! lead5 reign ( unlett]$ ,ignorance defies h] scrut9y4 ,h5ce1 ( "o p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory1 %e ev] speaks ) horror--t long night ( apo/asy1 dur+ :i*1 l a lone ,sibyl1 %e hid h] preci\s relics 9 solit>y cells1 & flee+ f degrad$ ,*ri/5dom1 s\ght refuge ) ! ea/]n caliphs4 ,?is awful decl9e ( true religion 9 ! _w c>ri$ ) x almo/ e ve/ige ( civil lib]ty1 ( classical lit]ature1 & ( sci5tific k2 & x w g5]ally be f\nd 9 exp]i5ce t !y mu/ all /& or fall toge!r4--,h9ts on ,tol]ation1 p4 #bfc4 ,9 ! t5? c5tury1 beyond :i* we f9d no?+ t be>s mu* resemblance to ! ,engli% language z n[ writt51 ?is m5tal d>kness appe>s to h ga!r$ to its deepe/ obscuration2 &1 at t p]iod1 ,engl& 0 sunk z l[ 9 ignorance1 sup]/ition1 & depravity1 z any o!r "p ( ,europe4 #g4 ,! ,engli% language gradually v>ies z we trace x back1 & becomes at l5g? id5tifi$ ) ! ,anglo-,saxon2 t is1 ) ! dialect spok5 by ! ,saxons aft] _! settlem5t 9 ,engl&4 ,^! ,saxons 7 a fi]ce1 w>like1 unlett]$ p f ,g]many2 :om ! anci5t ,britons _h invit$ to _! assi/ance aga9/ ! ,picts & ,scots4 ,cruel & ignorant1 l _! ,go?ic k9dr$1 :o _h b lately ov]run ! ,roman empire1 !y came1 n = ! good ( o!rs1 b to accommodate !mselves4 ,!y accord+ly seiz$ ! c\ntry2 de/roy$ or enslav$ ! anci5t inhabitants2 or1 m probably1 drove ! remnant ( !m into ! m\nta9s ( ,wales4 ,( ,wel% or anci5t ,briti% words1 ,*>les ,bucke1 :o says 9 8 gramm> t he took great pa9s to be accurate 9 8 scale ( d]ivation1 enum]ates b "o hundr$ & elev51 z n[ f\nd 9 our language2 & ,dr4 ,johnson1 :o makes !m b n9ety-five1 argues f _! paucity1 or almo/ total abs5ce1 t ! ,saxons c\ld n h m+l$ at all ) ^! p1 or ev5 h reta9$ !m 9 vassalage4 #h4 ,! anci5t languages ( ,france & ( ! ,briti% isles are said to h proce$$ f an o!r language yet m anci5t1 call$ ! ,celtic2 s t1 f "o common s\rce1 are suppos$ to h sprung ! pres5t ,wel%1 ! pres5t ,iri%1 & ! pres5t ,highl& ,scot*4#df ,! t]m ,celtic ,dr4 ,web/] def9es1 z a n\n1 ,! language ( ! ,celts2 &1 z an adjective1 ,p]ta9+ to ! primitive inhabitants ( ! s\? & we/ ( ,europe1 or to ! e>ly inhabitants ( ,italy1 ,gaul1 ,spa91 & ,brita94 ,:at unity1 accord+ to ?is1 !re 01 or c\ld h be51 9 ! anci5t ,celtic tongue1 does n appe> f books1 nor is x easy to be conjectur$4#dg ,_m anci5t writ]s su/a9 ?is broad application ( ! t]m ,celt or ,celts2 :i*1 accord+ to ,/rabo's etymology ( x1 means horsem51 & seems to h be5 almo/ z g5]al z our ^w ,indians4 ,b ,cs> in=ms u t ! "n 0 m p>ticul>ly claim$ by ! p :o1 9 8 day1 liv$ 9 ,france betwe5 ! ,se9e & ! ,g>onne1 & :o by ! ,romans 7 call$ ,galli1 or ,gauls4 #i4 ,! ,celtic tribes are said to h be5 ! desc5dants ( ,gom]1 ! son ( ,japhet4 ,! ,engli% hi/orians agree t ! fir/ inhabitants ( _! isl& ow$ _! orig9 & _! language to ! ,celt1 or ,gauls1 :o settl$ on ! opposite %ore4 ,julius ,cs>1 :o invad$ ,brita9 ab\t half a c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 f\nd ! inhabitants ignorant ( lett]s1 & de/itute ( any hi/ory b oral tradition4 ,to ?is1 h[ev]1 !y paid great att5tion1 tea*+ e ?+ 9 v]se4 ,"s ( ! ,druids1 x is said 9 ,cs>'s ,comm5t>ies1 sp5t tw5ty ye>s 9 le>n+ to repeat songs & hymns t 7 nev] committ$ to writ+4 ,^! anci5t prie/s1 or div9]s1 are repres5t$ z hav+ great p[]1 & z ex]cis+ x 9 "s respects b5eficially2 b _! horrid rites1 ) human sacrifices1 provok$ ! ,romans to de/roy !m4 ,smollett says1 ,tib]ius suppress$ ^? human sacrifices 9 ,gaul2 & ,claudius de/roy$ ! ,druids ( t c\ntry2 b !y subsi/$ 9 ,brita9 till ! reign ( ,n]o1 :5 ,paulus ,suetonius r$uc$ ! isl& ( ,anglesey1 :i* 0 ! place ( _! retreat1 & ov]:elm$ !m ) su* unexpect$ & sudd5 de/ruction1 t all _! k & tradition1 convey$ to !m 9 ! songs ( _! pr$ecessors1 p]i%$ at once4--,smollett's ,hi/4 ( ,eng41 #dto1 ,b4 i1 ,*4 i1 #g4 #aj4 ,! ,romans consid]$ ,brita9 a prov9ce ( _! empire1 = a p]iod ( ab\t five hundr$ ye>s2 b ! nor!rn "p ( ! isl& 0 nev] entirely subdu$ by !m1 & n till ,anno ,dom9i #gh1 a hundr$ & ?irty-?ree ye>s aft] _! fir/ invasion ( ! c\ntry1 _h !y complet$ _! conque/ ( ,engl&4 ,lett]s & arts1 s f> at lea/ z ^! are necess>y to ! purposes ( w> or gov]nm5t1 ! victors c>ri$ ) !m2 & "u _! auspices "s k ( ,*ri/ianity 01 at a v e>ly p]iod1 introduc$ into ,brita94 ,b x seems /range1 t aft] all t is relat$ ( _! conque/s1 settlem5ts1 cities1 =tifications1 build+s1 sem9>ies1 *ur*es1 laws1 c41 !y %\ld at la/ h left ! ,britons 9 s helpless1 degrad$1 & =lorn a condition4 ,!y did n s[ among !m ! se$s ( any p]man5t improvem5t4 #aa4 ,! ,roman gov]nm5t1 be+ unable to su/a9 itself at home1 )drew its =ces f9ally f ,brita9 9 ! ye> #ddf1 leav+ ! wret*$ inhabitants almo/ z savage z x f\nd !m1 & 9 a situation ev5 less desirable4 ,depriv$ ( _! native res\rces1 _! anci5t indep5d5ce ( _s1 z well z ( ! laws1 cu/oms1 in/itutions1 & lead]s1 t _h kept !m toge!r "u _! old dyna/ies1 & n[ des]t$ by _! =eign protectors1 !y 7 app>5tly left at ! m]cy ( bl9d =tune1 ! wret*$ vicissitudes ( :i* !re 0 none to =esee1 none to resi/4 ,! glory ( ! ,romans n[ pass$ away4 ,! mighty fabric ( _! own pr\d empire crumbl$ into ru9s4 ,civil lib]ty gave place to b>b>ism2 ,*ri/ian tru?1 to papal sup]/ition2 & ! lights ( sci5ce 7 put out by bo?4 ,! %ades ( night ga!r$ ov] all2 settl+ & cond5s+1 till almo/ e po9t ( t wide horizon1 ov] :i* ! ,sun ( ,righte\sness _h diffus$ 8 *e]+ rays1 0 envelop$ 9 a d>kness m awful & m port5t\s ?an t :i* ( old desc5d$ ^u rebelli\s ,ph>aoh & ! call\s sons ( ,ham4--,h9ts on ,tol]ation1 p4 #caj4 #ab4 ,! ,saxons ent]$ ,brita9 9 ! ye> #ddi4 ,b :at 0 ! =m ( _! language at t "t1 _c n[ be kn[n4 ,x 0 a dialect ( ! ,go?ic or ,teutonic2 :i* is consid]$ ! p>5t ( all ! nor!rn tongues ( ,europe1 except "s few ( ,sclavonian orig94 ,! only rema9+ monum5t ( ! ,go?ic language is a copy ( ! ,gospels1 translat$ by ,ulphilas2 :i* is pres]v$ at ,upsal1 & call$1 f its embelli%m5ts1 ! ,silv] ,book4 ,?is old "w has be5 ?ree times pr9t$ 9 ,engl&4 ,we possess n yet 9 ,am]ica all ! advantages :i* may be enjoy$ by lit]>y m5 9 ! l& ( our ance/ors2 b ! /ores ( lit]ature1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 are some:at m famili> to u1 ?an is !re suppos$2 & ! art ( pr9t+ is fa/ equaliz+1 to all nations t cultivate le>n+1 ! privilege ( dr9k+ at its anci5t f\nta9s4 #ac4 ,x is nei!r lib]al nor j to argue unfav\rably ( ! intellectual or ! moral condition ( any remote age or c\ntry1 m]ely f our own ignorance ( x4 ,x is true1 we c d]ive f no qu>t] a fav\rable op9ion ( ! /ate ( ,engl& aft] ! ,saxon invasion1 & dur+ ! tumultu\s & bloody gov]nm5t ( ! hept>*y4 ,b ,i w n d>k5 ! picture ?r\gh design4 ,if ju/ice 7 done to ! few names--to ,gildas ! wise1 ! memoriali/ ( 8 c\ntry's suff]+s & c5sor ( ! nation's depravity1 :o appe>s a solit>y /> 9 ! night ( ! six? c5tury--to ! v5]able ,b$e1 ! greate/ !ologian1 be/ s*ol>1 & only hi/orian ( ! sev5?--to ,alcu91 ! abbot ( ,cant]bury1 ! lum9>y ( ! eigh?--to ,alfr$ ! great1 ! glory ( ! n9?1 great z a pr9ce1 & great] z a s*ol>1 se5 9 ! ev5+ twilight ( an age 9 :i* ! cl]gy c\ld n read2--if ju/ice 7 done to all su*1 we might f9d some?+1 ev5 9 ^! d>k & rugg$ times1 if n to s(t5 ! grimness ( ! portrait1 at lea/ to give great] di/9ctness ( feature4 #ad4 ,9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( our language1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 :o does little m ?an give examples1 cites z 8 fir/ specim5 ( anci5t ,engli%1 a portion ( k+ sic--,,k? ,alfr$'s p>aphrase 9 imitation ( ,bo?ius4 ,b ?is language ( ,alfr$'s is n ,engli%2 b r1 z ! le>n$ doctor himself consid]$ x1 an example ( ! ,anglo-,saxon 9 its highe/ /ate ( purity4 ,?is dialect 0 fir/ *ang$ by admixture ) words d]iv$ f ! ,dani% & ! ,norman2 &1 /ill be+ comp>atively rude & meagre1 aft]w>ds receiv$ l>ge accessions f ! ,lat91 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,greek1 ! ,dut*--till1 by gradual *anges1 :i* ! etymologi/ may exhibit1 !re 0 at l5g? produc$ a language be>+ a suffici5t resemblance to ! pres5t ,engli%1 to des]ve to be call$ ,engli% at ?is day4 #ae4 ,! =mation ( our language _c ) propriety be dat$ e>li] ?an ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 !n t a free & volunt>y amalgamation ( its *ief con/itu5t mat]ials took place2 & ?is 0 some:at e>li] ?an we date ! revival ( le>n+4 ,! ,engli% ( ! ?irte5? c5tury is sc>cely intelligible to ! mod]n read]4 ,dr4 ,johnson calls x a k9d ( int]m$iate diction1 nei!r ,saxon nor ,engli%2 & says1 t ,sir ,john ,g[]1 :o wrote 9 ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 0 ! fir/ ( our au?ors :o c be prop]ly said to h writt5 ,engli%4 ,contempor>y ) ,g[]1 ! fa!r ( ,engli% poetry1 0 ! /ill great] poet1 8 disciple ,*auc]2 :o embrac$ _m ( ! t5ets ( ,wickliffe1 & imbib$ some?+ ( ! _s ( ! re=mation1 :i* 0 n[ begun4 #af4 ,! lit]>y hi/ory ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies is full ( int]e/2 = x is delightful to trace ! progress ( great & obvi\s improvem5t4 ,! re=mation ( religion & ! revival ( le>n+ 7 ne>ly simultane\s4 ,yet individuals may h act$ a conspicu\s "p 9 ! latt]1 :o _h little to d ) ! =m]2 = great le>n+ does n necess>ily imply great piety1 ?\gh1 z ,dr4 ,johnson obs]ves1 ! ,*ri/ian religion always implies or produces a c]ta9 degree ( civility & le>n+4--,hi/4 ,eng4 ,lang4 be=e 8 #dto ,dict4 ,! ord9>y in/ructions ( ! cl]gy1 bo? philosophical & religi\s1 gradually fell into contempt1 z ! ,classics sup]s$$ ! "o1 & ! ,holy ,scriptures expell$ ! o!r4 ,! fir/ ( ^! *anges 0 effect$ by ! e>ly gramm>ians ( ,europe2 & x gave consid]able aid to ! re=mation1 ?\gh x _h no imm$iate connexion ) t ev5t4 ,! revival ( ! ,engli% ,bible1 h[ev]1 complet$ ! "w3 & ?\gh its appe>ance 0 late1 & its progress 0 ret>d$ 9 e possible mann]1 yet its disp]sion 0 at l5g? equally rapid1 ext5sive1 & effectual4--,con/able's ,miscellany1 ,vol4 xx1 p4 #ge4 #ag4 ,peculi> hon\r is due to ^? :o lead ! way 9 :atev] advances human happ9ess4 ,&1 surely1 our j admiration ( ! "* ( ! re=m]s mu/ be n a little enhanc$1 :5 we consid] :at !y did = lett]s z well z = ! *ur*4 ,le>n+ does n consi/ 9 useless j>gon1 9 a multitude ( m]e words1 or 9 acute speculations remote f practice2 else ! sev5te5 folios ( ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ! angelical doctor ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & ! pr(\nd disputations ( 8 great rival1 ,duns ,scotus ! subtle1 = :i* !y 7 rev]$ 9 _! own age1 _h n ga9$ !m ! contempt ( all po/]ity4 ,f su* le>n+ ! lucid reason+ ( ! re=m]s deliv]$ ! halls ( in/ruction4 ,! s*ool div9ity ( ! middle ages pass$ away be=e ! pres5ce ( t :i* ^! m5 le>n$ f ! ,bible1 z did 9 a lat] age ! ,ari/otelian philosophy be=e t :i* ,bacon drew f nature4 #ah4 ,t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ,wickliffe furni%$ ! fir/ entire translation ( ! ,bible into ,engli%4 ,9 l mann] did ! ,g]mans1 a hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft]1 receive x 9 _! tongue f ! h&s ( ,lu!r2 :o says1 t at tw5ty ye>s ( age1 he himself _h n se5 x 9 any language4 ,wickliffe's ,engli% /yle is elegant = ! age 9 :i* he liv$1 yet v diff]5t f :at is elegant n[4 ,?is fir/ ,engli% translation ( ! ,bible1 be+ made ab\t a hundr$ ye>s be=e ! introduction ( pr9t+ into ,engl&1 c\ld n h be5 v ext5sively circulat$4 ,a l>ge specim5 ( x may be se5 9 ,dr4 ,johnson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language4 ,wickliffe di$ 9 #achd4 ,! art ( pr9t+ 0 inv5t$ ab\t #addj1 & fir/ introduc$ into ,engl&1 9 #adfh2 b ! fir/ pr9t$ edition ( ! ,bible 9 ,engli%1 0 execut$ 9 ,g]many4 ,x 0 complet$1 ,octob] #e?1 #aece4 #ai4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ab\t ! ye> #aeag1 fir/ introduc$ metrical psalmody into ! s]vice ( ! *ur*1 :i* n only kept alive ! en?usiasm ( ! re=m]s1 b =m$ a rally+ po9t = 8 foll[]s4 ,?is practice spread 9 all directions2 & x 0 n long ere six ?\s& p]sons 7 he>d s++ toge!r at ,/4 ,paul's ,cross 9 ,london4 ,lu!r 0 a poet & musician2 b ! same tal5t exi/$ n 9 8 foll[]s4 ,?irty ye>s aft]w>ds1 ,/]nhold v]sifi$ fifty-"o ( ! ,psalms2 & 9 #aefb1 ) ! help ( ,hopk9s1 he complet$ ! ,psalt]4 ,^! poetical effusions 7 *iefly sung to ,g]man melodies1 :i* ! good ta/e ( ,lu!r suppli$3 b ! ,puritans1 9 a subsequ5t age1 ne>ly de/roy$ ^! g]ms ( melody1 assign+ z a reason1 t music %\ld be s simplifi$ z to suit all p]sons1 & t all may jo94--,dr4 ,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bhc4 #bj4 ,! s*ools & colleges ( ,engl& 9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies 7 n gov]n$ by a sy/em ( education :i* w\ld r5d] _! /ud5ts v em95t ei!r z s*ol>s or z g5tlem53 & ! mona/]ies1 :i* 7 us$ z sem9>ies1 ev5 until ! re=mation1 taught only ! corrupt ,lat9 us$ by ! ecclesia/ics4 ,! "t h[ev] 0 approa*+1 :5 ! unit$ ef=ts ( ,/anbridge1 ,l9acre1 ,sir ,john ,*eke1 ,dean ,colet1 ,erasmus1 ,william ,lily1 ,rog] ,as*am1 c41 7 successful 9 reviv+ ! ,lat9 tongue 9 all its purity2 & ev5 9 excit+ a ta/e = ,greek 9 a nation ! cl]gy ( :i* oppos$ its introduction ) ! same vehem5ce :i* *>act]iz$ _! enmity to a re=mation 9 religion4 ,! v le>n$ ,erasmus1 ! fir/ :o und]took ! tea*+ ( ! ,greek language at ,ox=d1 met ) few fri5ds to support him2 not)/&+ ,ox=d 0 ! seat ( ne>ly all ! le>n+ 9 ,engl&4--,con/able's ,miscellany1 ,vol4 xx1 p4 #adf4 #ba4 ,! prie/s prea*$ aga9/ x1 z a v rec5t inv5tion ( ! ar*-enemy2 & conf\nd+ 9 _! misguid$ zeal1 ! v f\ndation ( _! fai?1 ) ! object ( _! res5tm5t1 !y repres5t$ ! ,new ,te/am5t itself z 'an impi\s & dang]\s book1' because x 0 writt5 9 t h]etical language4 ,ev5 aft] ! accession ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 :5 ,erasmus1 :o _h quitt$ ,ox=d 9 disgu/1 return$ "u 8 especial patronage1 ) ! support ( sev]al em95t s*ol>s & p[]ful p]sons1 8 progress 0 /ill imp$$1 & ! language oppos$4 ,! ,univ]sity 0 divid$ into p>ties1 call$ ,greeks & ,trojans1 ! latt] be+ ! /ronge/1 f be+ fav\r$ by ! monks2 & ! ,greeks 7 driv5 f ! /reets1 ) hisses & o!r expressions ( contempt4 ,x 0 n !re=e until ,h5ry ,,viii & ,c>d9al ,wolsey gave x _! positive & p[]ful protection1 t ?is p]secut$ language 0 all[$ to be quietly /udi$1 ev5 9 ! in/itutions d$icat$ to le>n+4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 #bb4 ,^! curi\s extracts are adduc$ to %[ ! _s ( ! times1 & ! ob/acles !n to be surm\nt$ 9 ! cause ( le>n+4 ,?is popul> opposition to ,greek1 did n spr+ f a patriotic design to pref] & enc\rage ,engli% lit]ature2 = ! improvem5t ( ?is 0 /ill lat]1 & ! great promot]s ( x 7 all ( !m classical s*ol>s4 ,!y wrote 9 ,engli%1 n because !y pref]r$ x1 b because none b ^? :o 7 br$ 9 colleges1 c\ld read any ?+ else2 &1 ev5 to ?is v day1 ! grammatical /udy ( ! ,engli% language is %amefully neglect$ 9 :at are call$ ! high] in/itutions ( le>n+4 ,9 alleg+ ?is neglect1 ,i speak comp>atively4 ,e /ud5t1 on ent]+ ^u ! practical bus9ess ( life1 w f9d x ( f> m importance to him1 to be skillful 9 ! language ( 8 own c\ntry ?an to be di/+ui%$ = any k :i* ! le>n$ only c appreciate4 ,w ! greate/ ,ma/]%ip 9 ,greek & ,lat91 or ! translat+ ( ^! ,languages into ,engli%1 avail = ! ,purpose ( acquir+ an elegant ,engli% ,/yle8 ,no--we "k j ! ,rev]se f woeful ,exp]i5ce6 ,&1 z ,mr4 ,locke & ! ,spectator obs]ve1 ,m5 :o h ?re%$ h>d at ,greek & ,lat9 = t5 or elev5 ye>s toge!r1 are v (t5 defici5t 9 _! own ,language4--,preface to ! ,briti% ,gram41 #hvo1 #aghd1 p4 xxi4 #bc4 ,t ! progress ( ,engli% lit]ature 9 e>ly times 0 sl[1 w n seem wond]ful to ^? :o consid] :at is affirm$ ( ! progress ( o!r arts1 m imm$iately connect$ ) ! com=ts ( life4 ,d[n to ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 ! great] "p ( ! h\ses 9 consid]able t[ns1 _h no *imneys3 ! fire 0 k9dl$ aga9/ ! wall1 & ! smoke f\nd its way out z well z x c\ld1 by ! ro(1 ! door1 or ! w9d[s4 ,! h\ses 7 mo/ly built ( wattl+1 pla/]$ ov] ) clay2 & ! b$s 7 only /raw pallets1 ) a log ( wood = a pill[4 ,9 ?is respect1 ev5 ! k+ f>$ no bett] ?an 8 subjects2 =1 9 ,h5ry ! ,eigh?'s "t1 we f9d directions1 'to exam9e e night ! /raw ( ! k+'s b$1 t no dagg]s might be conceal$ !re94' ,a writ] 9 #aegg1 speak+ ( ! progress ( luxury1 m5tions ?ree ?+s especially1 t 7 'm>vell\sly alt]$ = ! worse 9 ,engl&2' ! multitude ( *imneys lately erect$1 ! increase ( lodg+s1 & ! ex*ange ( tre5 platt]s into pewt]1 & wood5 spoons into silv] & t92 & he compla9s bitt]ly t oak in/ead ( will[ 0 employ$ 9 ! build+ ( h\ses4--,,rev4 ,,royal ,,robb9s3 ,outl9es ( ,hi/ory1 p4 #cgg4 #bd4 ,%akspe>e appe>$ 9 ! reign ( ,elizabe?2 outliv$ h] ?irte5 ye>s2 & di$ 9 #afaf ag$ #eb4 ,! ,engli% language 9 8 h&s did n lack p[] or compass ( expression4 ,8 writ+s are n[ m ext5sively read1 ?an any o!rs ( t age2 nor has any v consid]able "p ( 8 phraseology yet become obsolete4 ,b x ought to be kn[n1 t ! pr9t]s or editors ( ! editions :i* are n[ read1 h tak5 ext5sive lib]ty 9 mod]niz+ 8 or?ography1 z well z t ( o!r old au?ors /ill popul>4 ,h[ f> su* lib]ty is ju/ifiable1 x is difficult to say4 ,mod]n read]s d\btless f9d a conv5i5ce 9 x4 ,x is v desirable t ! or?ography ( our language %\ld be made uni=m1 & rema9 p]man5t4 ,great alt]ations _c be sudd5ly introduc$2 & !re is1 9 /ability1 an advantage :i* w c\nt]balance t ( a sl[ approximation to regul>ity4 ,analogy may sometimes decide ! =m ( v>iable words1 b ! concurr5t usage ( ! le>n$ mu/ ev] be respect$1 9 ?is1 z 9 e o!r "p ( gramm>4 #be4 ,among ! e>lie/ ( ! ,engli% gramm>ians1 0 ,b5 ,jonson1 ! poet2 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #afcg1 at ! age ( sixty-?ree4 ,8 gramm>1 7:i* ,horne ,tooke mi/ak+ly calls ! fir/ z well z ! be/ ,engli% gramm>17 is /ill extant1 be+ publi%$ 9 ! sev]al editions ( 8 works4 ,x is a small treatise1 & wor?y ( att5tion only z a matt] ( curiosity4 ,x is writt5 9 prose1 & design$ *iefly = ! aid ( =eign]s4 ,gramm> is an unpoetical subject1 & !re=e n wisely treat$1 z x once v g5]ally 01 9 v]se4 ,b e poet %\ld be famili> ) ! art1 because ! =mal pr9ciples ( 8 own h always be5 consid]$ z embrac$ 9 x4 ,to its poets1 too1 e language mu/ ne$s be p>ticul>ly indebt$2 because _! compositions1 be+ 9 g5]al m highly f9i%$ ?an works 9 prose1 are suppos$ to pres5t ! language 9 its mo/ agreeable =m4 ,9 ! preface to ! ,poems ( ,edmund ,wall]1 publi%$ 9 #afij1 ! editor v5tures to say1 ,he 01 inde$1 ! ,p>5t ( ,engli% ,v]se1 & ! fir/ t %ew$ u our ,tongue _h ,beauty & ,numb]s 9 x4 ,our ,language owes m to ,him1 ?an ! ,fr5* does to ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu & ! :ole ,academy4 99 99 99 99 ,! ,tongue came into ,8 h&s a r\gh diamond3 he poli%$ x fir/2 & to t degree1 t all arti/s s9ce him h admir$ ! workman%ip1 )\t pret5d+ to m5d x4--,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 ii1 ,lond41 #ahjj3 ,wall]'s ,poems1 p4 #d4 #bf4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 h[ev]1 9 8 ,lives ( ! ,poets1 abates ?is praise1 t he may transf] ! great] "p ( x to ,dryd5 & ,pope4 ,he admits t1 ,aft] ab\t half a c5tury ( =c$ ?\ghts & rugg$ metre1 "s advances t[>ds nature & h>mony _h be5 already made by ,wall] & ,d5ham2 b1 9 di/ribut+ ! praise ( ?is improvem5t1 he adds1 ,x may be d\bt$ :e!r ,wall] & ,d5ham c\ld h ov]-born ov]borne ! prejudices :i* _h long prevail$1 & :i* ev5 !n 7 %elt]$ by ! protection ( ,c[ley4 ,! new v]sification1 z x 0 call$1 may be consid]$ z ow+ its e/abli%m5t to ,dryd52 f ^: "t x is app>5t t ,engli% poetry has _h no t5d5cy to relapse to its =m] savag5ess4--,johnson's ,life ( ,dryd53 ,lives1 p4 #bjf4 ,to ,pope1 z ! translator ( ,hom]1 he gives ?is praise3 ,8 v]sion may be said to h tun$ ! ,engli% tongue2 = s9ce its appe>ance no writ]1 h[ev] defici5t 9 o!r p[]s1 has want$ melody4--,life ( ,pope3 ,lives1 p4 #efg4 ,su* 0 ! op9ion ( ,johnson2 b !re are o!r critics :o object to ! v]sification ( ,pope1 t x is monoton\s & cloy+4 ,see1 9 ,leigh ,hunt's ,fea/ ( ! ,poets1 ! foll[+ c\plet1 & a note ^u x3 ,b ev] s9ce ,pope spoil'd ! e>s ( ! t[n ,) 8 cuckoo-song v]ses half up & half d[n4 #bg4 ,! un=tunate ,*>les ,i1 z well z 8 fa!r ,james ,i1 0 a lov] & promot] ( lett]s4 ,he 0 himself a good s*ol>1 & wrote well 9 ,engli%1 = 8 "t3 he asc5d$ ! ?rone 9 #afbe1 & 0 behead$ 9 #afdh4 ,nor 0 ,cromwell himself1 ) all 8 religi\s & milit>y en?usiasm1 :olly ins5sible to lit]>y m]it4 ,?is c5tury 0 di/+ui%$ by ! writ+s ( ,milton1 ,dryd51 ,wall]1 ,c[ley1 ,d5ham1 ,locke1 & o!rs2 & ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii1 :i* is embrac$ 9 x1 has be5 consid]$ by "s ! ,augu/an age ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,b t hon\r1 if x may well be be/[$ on any1 belongs r to a lat] p]iod4 ,! be/ works produc$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 are s g5]ally kn[n & s highly e/eem$1 t x w\ld be lavi% ( ! n>r[ space all[$ to ?is introduction1 to speak p>ticul>ly ( _! m]its4 ,"s grammatical errors may be f\nd 9 almo/ all books2 b our language 01 9 g5]al1 writt5 ) great purity & propriety by ,addison1 ,swift1 ,pope1 ,johnson1 ,l[?1 ,hume1 ,horne1 & _m o!r celebrat$ au?ors :o fl\ri%$ 9 ! la/ c5tury4 ,nor 0 x mu* be=e ?is p]iod1 t ! ,briti% writ]s took any great pa9s to be accurate 9 ! use ( _! own language2 ,late1 v late1 correctness grew our c>e1 ,:5 ! tir'd nation brea?'d f civil w>4--,pope4 #bh4 ,engli% books began to be pr9t$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 &1 z soon z a ta/e = read+ 0 =m$1 ! press ?rew op5 ! flood-gates ( g5]al k1 ! /reams ( :i* are n[ p\r+ =?1 9 a copi\s1 increas+1 b too (t5 turbid tide1 ^u all ! civiliz$ nations ( ! e>?4 ,?is mighty eng9e af=d$ a means by :i* sup]ior m9ds c\ld act m effici5tly & m ext5sively ^u society 9 g5]al4 ,& ?us1 by ! ex]tions ( g5ius adorn$ ) le>n+1 our native tongue has be5 made ! poli%$ vehicle ( ! mo/ int]e/+ tru?s1 & ( ! mo/ important discov]ies2 & has become a language copi\s1 /rong1 ref9$1 & capable ( no inconsid]able degree ( h>mony4 ,nay1 x is e/eem$ by "s :o claim to be compet5t judges1 to be ! /ronge/1 ! ri*e/1 ! mo/ elegant1 & ! mo/ susceptible ( sublime imag]y1 ( all ! languages 9 ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,*anges ,,& ,,specim5s ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,language4 ,quot enim v]ba1 et nonnunquam 9 det]ius1 hoc1 quo vivimus1 sculo1 p>tim aliq1 p>tim null necessitate cog5te1 mutata sunt8--,,rob4 ,,a9swor?3 ,lat4 ,dict41 #dto2 ,prf41 p4 xi4 #a4 ,9 ! use ( language1 e "o *ooses 8 words f t common /ock :i* he has le>n$1 & applies !m 9 practice accord+ to 8 own habits & notions4 ,if ! /yle ( diff]5t writ]s ( ! same age is v>i\s1 mu* great] is ! v>iety :i* appe>s 9 ! productions ( diff]5t ages4 ,h5ce ! date ( a book may (t5 be v plausibly conjectur$ f ! peculi>ities ( its /yle4 ,z to :at is be/ 9 itself1 or be/ adapt$ to ! subject 9 h&1 e writ] mu/ endeav\r to become 8 own judge4 ,he :o1 9 any sort ( composition1 w\ld write ) a ma/]'s h&1 mu/ fir/ apply himself to books ) a s*ol>'s dilig5ce4 ,he mu/ ?9k x wor? 8 :ile to in=m himself1 t he may be critical4 ,desir+ to give ! /ud5t all ! advantage1 ent]ta9m5t1 & satisfaction1 t c be expect$ f a "w ( ?is k9d1 ,i %all subjo9 a few brief specim5s 9 illu/ration ( :at has be5 said 9 ! =ego+ *apt]4 ,! ord] ( "t w be foll[$ inv]sely2 &1 z ,saxon *>act]s are n v easily obta9$1 or v apt to be read1 ! ,roman lett]s w be employ$ = ! few examples to :i* ! o!rs w\ld be m appropriate4 ,b !re are "s peculi>ities ( anci5t usage 9 ,engli%1 :i*1 = ! in=mation ( ! "y read]1 x is prop] 9 ! fir/ place to expla94 #b4 ,) respect to ! lett]s1 !re are sev]al *anges to be m5tion$4 7#a47 ,! pages ( old books are (t5 cr[d$ ) capitals3 x 0 at "o "t ! cu/om to di/+ui% all n\ns1 & frequ5tly v]bs1 or any o!r important words1 by head+ !m ) a great lett]4 7#b47 ,! lett] ,ess1 ( ! l[] case1 _h till lately two =ms1 ! long & ! %ort1 z tall-s & s2 ! =m] v ne>ly resembl+ ! small f1 & ! latt]1 its own capital4 ,! %ort s 0 us$ at ! end ( words1 & ! long tall-s1 9 o!r places2 b ! latt] is n[ laid aside1 9 fav\r ( ! m di/9ctive =m4 7#c47 ,! lett]s ,i & ,j 7 =m]ly consid]$ z "o & ! same4 ,h5ce we f9d hallelujah = halleluiah1 ,iohn = ,john1 iudgem5t = judgem5t1 c4 ,& 9 _m diction>ies1 ! words beg9n+ ) ,j are /ill mix$ ) ^? :i* beg9 ) ,i4 7#d47 ,! lett]s ,u & ,v 7 mix$ 9 l mann]1 & = ! same reason2 ! latt] be+ a consonant p[] giv5 to ! =m]1 & at l5g? di/+ui%$ f x by a diff]5t =m4 ,or r1 ! figure ( ! capital seems to h be5 at la/ appropriat$ to ! "o1 & t ( ! small lett] to ! o!r4 ,b 9 old books ! =ms ( ^! two lett]s are cont9ually conf\nd$ or transpos$4 ,h5ce x is1 t our ,d\ble-u is compos$ ( two ,vees2 :i*1 z we see 9 old books1 7 sometimes pr9t$ sep>ately3 z1 ,,vv1 = ,w2 or vv1 = w4 #c4 ,! or?ography ( our language1 rude & unsettl$ z x /ill is 9 _m respects1 0 =m]ly mu* m v>iable & div]se4 ,9 books a hundr$ ye>s old or m1 we (t5 f9d ! mo/ common words spell$ v>i\sly by ! same writ]1 & ev5 ^u ! v same page4 ,) respect to ! =ms ( words1 a few p>ticul>s may "h be notic$3 7#a47 ,! article an1 f :i* ! n 0 dropp$ be=e words beg9n+ ) a consonant s\nd1 is (t5 f\nd 9 old books :]e a w\ld be m prop]2 z1 an he>t1 an help1 an hill1 an "o1 an use4 7#b47 ,till ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! possessive case 0 writt5 )\t ! apo/rophe2 be+ =m$ at diff]5t times1 9 es1 is1 ys1 or s1 l ! plural2 & app>5tly )\t rule or uni=mity 9 respect to ! d\bl+ ( ! f9al consonant3 z ,goddes1 ,godes1 ,godis1 ,godys1 or ,gods1 = ,god's2 s mannes1 mannis1 mannys or mans1 = man's4 ,dr4 ,a%1 ^: ,engli% ,gramm> 0 9 "s repute 9 ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 argu$ aga9/ ! use ( ! apo/rophe1 alleg+ t x 0 seldom us$ to di/+ui% ! possessive case till ab\t ! beg9n+ ( t c5tury2 & he !n prophesi$ t ! "t w\ld come1 :5 correct writ]s w\ld lay x aside aga91 z a /range corruption1 an improp] dep>ture f ! orig9al =mation ( t case ( ,engli% n\ns4 ,&1 among ! speculations ( ^! latt] days1 ,i h some:]e se5 an attempt to disp>age ?is useful sign1 & explode x1 z an unsightly ?+ nev] well e/abli%$4 ,x does n inde$1 l a syllabic sign1 in=m ! e> or affect ! s\nd2 b /ill x is useful1 because x di/+ui%es to ! eye1 n only ! case1 b ! numb]1 ( ! n\ns ?us m>k$4 ,pron\ns1 be+ diff]5t 9 _! decl5sion1 d n ne$ x1 & %\ld !re=e always be writt5 )\t x4 #d4 ,! common usage ( ^? :o h spok5 ,engli%1 has always incl9$ r to brevity ?an to melody2 contraction & elision ( ! anci5t t]m9ations ( words1 con/itute no small "p ( ! *ange :i* has tak5 place1 or ( ! diff]5ce :i* p]haps always exi/$ betwe5 ! solemn & ! famili> /yle4 ,9 respect to euphony1 h[ev]1 ^! t]m9ations h c]ta9ly no?+ to boa/2 nor does ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ! language appe> to be t 9 :i* !y 7 ! mo/ g5]ally us$ )\t contraction4 ,t degree ( smoo?ness ( :i* ! tongue 0 anci5tly susceptible1 _h c]ta9ly no alliance ) ^! additional syllables4 ,! long sonor\s end+s :i* con/itute ! decl5sions & conjugations ( ! mo/ admir$ languages1 & :i* seem to *ime s well ) ! sublimity ( ! ,greek1 ! maje/y ( ! ,lat91 ! sweetness ( ! ,italian1 ! dignity ( ! ,spani%1 or ! poli% ( ! ,fr5*1 nev] _h any place 9 ,engli%4 ,! inflections giv5 to our words nev] embrac$ any o!r v[el p[] ?an t ( ! %ort e or i2 & ev51 ?is we are incl9$ to disp5se )1 :5ev] we c2 s t mo/ ( our grammatical inflections are1 to ! e>1 no?+ b consonants bl5d$ ) ! f9al syllables ( ! words to :i* !y are add$4 ,+ = ! fir/ p>ticiple1 er = ! comp>ative degree1 & e/ = ! sup]lative1 are inde$ add$ z :ole syllables2 b ! re/1 z d or ed = pret]its & p]fect p>ticiples1 s or es = ! plural numb] ( n\ns1 or = ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( v]bs1 & / or e/ = ! second p]son s+ul> ( v]bs1 n9e times 9 t51 fall into ! s\nd or syllable ) :i* ! primitive ^w t]m9ates4 ,engli% v]bs1 z !y are n[ commonly us$1 run ?r\gh _! entire conjugation )\t acquir+ a s+le syllable f inflection1 except sometimes :5 ! s\nd ( d1 s1 or / _c be add$ to !m4 #e4 ,?is simplicity1 s *>act]i/ic ( our mod]n ,engli%1 z well z ( ! ,saxon tongue1 its prop] p>5t1 is att5d$ ) advantages t g f> to comp5sate = all t is consequ5tly lo/ 9 euphony1 or 9 ! lib]ty ( transposition4 ,our =mation ( ! moods & t5ses1 by means ( a few sep>ate auxili>ies1 all monosyllabic1 & mo/ly )\t inflection1 is n only simple & easy1 b beautiful1 *a/e1 & /rong4 ,9 my op9ion1 our gramm>ians h %[n f> m affection = ! obsolete or obsolesc5t t]m9ations en1 e?1 e/1 & ed/1 ?an !y really des]ve4 ,till ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 en 0 us$ to m>k ! plural numb] ( v]bs1 z1 !y say5 = !y say2 aft] :i*1 x appe>s to h be5 dropp$4 ,be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 s or es began to dispute ) ? or e? ! "r ( =m+ ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( v]bs2 &1 z ! ,bible & o!r grave books us$ only ! latt]1 a cle> di/9ction obta9$1 betwe5 ! solemn & ! famili> /yle1 :i* di/9ction is well kn[n at ?is day4 ,?us we h1 ,he runs1 walks1 rides1 rea*es1 c41 = ! "o2 &1 ,he runne?1 walke?1 ride?1 rea*e?1 c41 = ! o!r4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 or p]haps e>li]1 ! use ( ! second p]son s+ul> began to be avoid$ 9 polite conv]sation1 by ! sub/itution ( ! plural v]b & pron\n2 &1 :5 us$ 9 poetry1 x 0 (t5 contract$1 s z to prev5t any syllabic increase4 ,9 old books1 all v]bs & p>ticiples t 7 int5d$ to be contract$ 9 pronunciation1 7 contract$ also1 9 "s way1 by ! writ]3 z1 call'd1 c>ry'd1 sacrific'd2 fly'/1 ascrib'/1 cryd'/2 to/1 cur/1 ble/1 f9i%t2 & o!rs innum]able4 ,all ^!1 & su* z are l !m1 we n[ pron\nce 9 ! same way1 b usually write diff]5tly2 z1 call$1 c>ri$1 sacrific$2 flie/1 ascribe/1 criett/2 toss$1 curs$1 bless$1 f9i%$4 ,mo/ ( ^! topics w be fur!r notic$ 9 ! ,gramm>4 ,i4 ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,n9ete5? ,,c5tury4 #f4 ,que5 ,victoria's ,answ] to an ,address4--,example writt5 9 #ahcg4 ,i ?ank y = y\r condol5ce ^u ! dea? ( 8 late ,maje/y1 = ! ju/ice :i* y r5d] to 8 "*1 & to ! measures ( 8 reign1 & = y\r w>m congratulations ^u my accession to ! ?rone4 ,i jo9 9 y\r pray]s = ! prosp]ity ( my reign1 ! be/ security = :i* is to be f\nd 9 rev]5ce = our holy religion1 & 9 ! obs]vance ( its duties4--,,victoria1 to ! ,fri5ds' ,society4 #g4 ,f ,presid5t ,adams's ,eulogy on ,lafayette4--,writt5 9 #ahcd4 ,pron\nce him "o ( ! fir/ m5 ( 8 age1 & y h yet n done him ju/ice4 ,try him by t te/ to :i* he s\ght 9 va9 to /imulate ! vulg> & selfi% _s ( ,napoleon2 class him among ! m5 :o1 to comp>e & seat !mselves1 mu/ take 9 ! compass ( all ages2 turn back y\r eyes ^u ! records ( "t2 summon f ! creation ( ! _w to ?is day ! mighty dead ( e age & e clime2 & :]e1 among ! race ( m]ely mortal m51 %all "o be f\nd1 :o1 z ! b5efactor ( 8 k9d1 %all claim to take prec$5ce ( ,lafayette8--,,john ,,qu9cy ,,adams4 #h4 ,f ,presid5t ,jackson's ,proclamation aga9/ ,nullification4--#ahcb4 ,no1 we h n err$6 ,! ,con/itution is /ill ! object ( our rev]5ce1 ! bond ( our ,union1 our def5ce 9 dang]1 ! s\rce ( our prosp]ity 9 peace4 ,x %all desc5d1 z we h receiv$ x1 uncorrupt$ by sophi/ical con/ruction1 to our po/]ity3 & ! sacrifices ( local int]e/1 ( ,/ate prejudices1 ( p]sonal animosities1 t 7 made to br+ x into exi/5ce1 w aga9 be patriotically (f]$ = its support4--,,&rew ,,jackson4 #i4 ,f a ,note on "o ( ,rob]t ,hall's ,s]mons4--,writt5 ab\t #ahca4 ,aft] he _h writt5 d[n ! /rik+ apo/rophe :i* occurs at ab\t page #gf ( mo/ ( ! editions--',et]nal ,god6 on :at are ?9e enemies int5t6 :at are ^? ent]prises ( guilt & horror1 t1 = ! safety ( _! p]=m]s1 require to be envelop$ 9 a d>kness :i* ! eye ( ,heav5 mu/ n p5etrate6'--he ask$1 ',did ,i say p5etrate1 sir1 :5 ,i prea*$1 x8' ',yes4' ',d y ?9k1 sir1 ,i may v5ture to alt] x8 = no man :o consid]$ ! =ce ( ! ,engli% language1 w\ld use a ^w ( ?ree syllables !re1 b f absolute necessity4' ',y are d\btless at lib]ty to alt] x1 if y ?9k well4' ',!n be s good1 sir1 z to take y\r p5cil1 & = p5etrate put pi]ce2 pi]ce is ! ^w1 sir1 & ! only ^w to be us$ !re4'--,,ol9?us ,,gregory4 #aj4 ,k+ ,william's ,answ] to an ,address4--,example writt5 9 #ahcj4 ,i ?ank y s9c]ely = y\r condol5ce ) me1 on acc\nt ( ! loss :i* ,i h su/a9$1 9 common ) my p1 by ! dea? ( my lam5t$ bro!r1 8 late ,maje/y4 ,! assurances :i* y h convey$ to me1 ( loyalty & affectionate atta*m5t to my p]son1 are v gratify+ to my feel+s4 ,y may rely ^u my fav\r & protection1 & ^u my anxi\s endeav\rs to promote morality & true piety among all classes ( my subjects4--,,william ,,iv1 to ! ,fri5ds4 #aa4 ,reign ( ,george ,,iv1 #ahcj back to #ahbj4--;,example writt5 9 #ahbg4 ,t morn+1 ?\1 t slumb]$#dh n be=e1 ,nor slept1 great ,ocean ,i laid ?y waves to re/1 ,& hu%$ ?y mighty m9/relsy4 ,no brea? ,?y deep composure /irr$1 no f91 no o>2 ,l beauty newly dead1 s calm1 s /ill1 ,s lovely1 ?\1 b5ea? ! light t fell ,f angel-*>iots s5t9ell$ on high1 ,repos$1 & li/5$1 & saw ?y liv+ *ange1 ,?y dead arise4 ,*>ybdis li/5$1 & ,scylla2 ,& savage ,eux9e on ! ,?racian bea* ,lay motionless3 & e battle %ip ,/ood /ill2 & e %ip ( m]*&ise1 ,& all t sail$1 ( e "n1 /ood /ill4 ,,rob]t ,,pollok3 ,c\rse ( ,"t1 ,book ,,vii1 l9e #fcd-fdg4 ,,ii4 ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury4 #ab4 ,reign ( ,george ,,iii1 #ahbj back to #agfj4--;,example writt5 9 #ahjj4 ,!re is1 x w be confess$1 a delicate s5sibility to "*1 a sob] desire ( reputation1 a wi% to possess ! e/eem ( ! wise & good1 felt by ! pure/ m9ds1 :i* is at ! f>!/ remove f arrogance or vanity4 ,! humility ( a noble m9d sc>cely d>es approve ( itself1 until x has secur$ ! approbation ( o!rs4 ,v diff]5t is t re/less desire ( di/9ction1 t passion = !atrical display1 :i* inflames ! he>t & occupies ! :ole att5tion ( va9 m54 99 99 99 ,! truly good man is jeal\s ov] himself1 le/ ! notoriety ( 8 be/ actions1 by bl5d+ itself ) _! motive1 %\ld dim9i% _! value2 ! va9 man p]=ms ! same actions = ! sake ( t notoriety4 ,! good man quietly dis*>ges 8 duty1 & %uns o/5tation2 ! va9 man consid]s e good de$ lo/ t is n publickly display$4 ,! "o is int5t ^u realities1 ! o!r ^u semblances3 ! "o aims to be virtu\s1 ! o!r to appe> s4--,,rob]t ,,hall3 ,s]mon on ,mod]n ,infidelity4 #ac4 ,f ,wa%+ton's ,f>ewell ,address4--,example writt5 9 #agif4 ,( all ! dispositions & habits :i* lead to political prosp]ity1 ,religion & ,morality are indisp5sable supports4 ,9 va9 w\ld t man claim ! tribute ( patriotism1 :o %\ld lab\r to subv]t ^! great pill>s ( human happ9ess1 ^! firme/ props ( ! duties ( m5 & citiz5s4 ,! m]e politician1 equally ) ! pi\s man1 ought to respect & *]i% !m4 ,a volume c\ld n trace all _! connexions ) private & publick felicity4 ,let x simply be ask$1 :]e is ! security = prop]ty1 = reputation1 = life1 if ! s5se ( religi\s obligation des]t ! oa?s :i* are ! in/rum5ts ( inve/igation 9 c\rts ( ju/ice8 ,& let u ) caution indulge ! supposition1 t morality c be ma9ta9$ )\t religion4 ,:atev] may be conc$$ to ! influ5ce ( ref9$ education on m9ds ( a peculi> /ructure2 reason & exp]i5ce bo? =bid u to expect t national morality c prevail 9 exclusion ( religi\s pr9ciple4--,,george ,,wa%+ton4 #ad4 ,f ,dr4 ,johnson's ,life ( ,addison4--,example writt5 ab\t #aghj4 ,t he always wrote z he w\ld ?9k x necess>y to write n[1 _c be affirm$2 8 in/ructions 7 su* z ! "* ( 8 read]s made prop]4 ,t g5]al k :i* n[ circulates 9 common talk1 0 9 8 "t r>ely to be f\nd4 ,m5 n pr(ess+ le>n+1 7 n a%am$ ( ignorance2 & 9 ! female _w1 any acqua9tance ) books 0 di/+ui%$ only to be c5sur$4 ,8 purpose 0 to infuse lit]>y curiosity1 by g5tle & unsuspect$ conveyance1 into ! gay1 ! idle1 & ! weal?y2 he !re=e pres5t$ k 9 ! mo/ allur+ =m1 n l(ty & au/]e1 b accessible & famili>4 ,:5 he %ew$ !m _! defects1 he %ew$ !m likewise t !y might easily be suppli$4 ,8 attempt succe$$2 inquiry 0 awak5$1 & compreh5sion exp&$4 ,an emulation ( intellectual elegance 0 excit$1 & f ?is "t to our own1 life has be5 gradually exalt$1 & conv]sation purifi$ & enl>g$4--,,samuel ,,johnson3 ,lives1 p4 #cba4 #ae4 ,reign ( ,george ,,ii1 #agfj back to #agbg4--;,example writt5 9 #agea4 ,we ,britons 9 our "t h be5 rem>kable borr[]s1 z our multi=m ,language may suffici5tly %ew4 ,our ,t]ms 9 polite ,lit]ature prove1 t ?is came f ,greece2 our t]ms 9 ,music & ,pa9t+1 t ^! came f ,italy2 our ,phrases 9 ,cook]y & ,w>1 t we le>nt ^! f ! ,fr5*2 & our phrases 9 ,navigation1 t we 7 taught by ! ,flem+s & ,l[ ,dut*4 ,^! _m & v diff]5t ,s\rces ( our ,language may be ! cause1 :y x is s defici5t 9 ,regul>ity & ,analogy4 ,yet we h ?is advantage to comp5sate ! defect1 t :at we want 9 ,elegance1 we ga9 9 ,copi\sness1 9 :i* la/ respect few ,languages w be f\nd sup]ior to our own4--,,james ,,h>ris3 ,h]mes1 ,book iii1 ,*4 v1 p4 #djh4 #af4 ,reign ( ,george ,i1 #agbg back to #agad4--;,example writt5 ab\t #agah4 ,!re is a c]ta9 coldness & indiff]5ce 9 ! phrases ( our ,european languages1 :5 !y are comp>$ ) ! ,ori5tal =ms ( spee*3 & x happ5s v luckily1 t ! ,hebrew idioms ran into ! ,engli% tongue1 ) a p>ticul> grace & beauty4 ,our language has receiv$ innum]able elegancies & improvem5ts f t infusion ( ,hebraisms1 :i* are d]iv$ to x out ( ! poetical passages 9 holy writ4 ,!y give a =ce & en]gy to our expressions1 w>m & animate our language1 & convey our ?\ghts 9 m ard5t & int5se phrases1 ?an any t are to be met ) 9 our tongue4--,,joseph ,,addison3 ,evid5ces1 p4 #aib4 #ag4 ,reign ( ,que5 ,anne1 #agad to #agjb4--;,example writt5 9 #agjh4 ,"s by old words to ,fame h made pret5ce1 ,anci5ts 9 phrase1 m]e mod]ns 9 _! s5se2 ,su* lab\r'd no?+s1 9 s /range a /yle1 ,amaze ?' unle>n'd1 & make ! le>n$ smile4 ,9 words1 z fa%ions1 ! same rule w hold2 ,alike fanta/ick1 if too new or old3 ,be n ! fir/ by :om ! new are try'd1 ,nor yet ! la/ to lay ! old aside4 ,,alex&] ,,pope3 ,essay on ,criticism1 l4 #cbd-ccf4 ,,iii4 ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 #ah4 ,reign ( ,william ,,iii1 #agjb to #afhi4--;,example publi%$ 9 #agjj4 ,& :5 we see a ,man ( ,milton's ,wit ,*ime 9 ) su* a ,h]d1 & ,help on ! ,cry aga9/ ,hirel+s6 ,we f9d ,h[ ,easie x is = ,folly & ,knav]y to ,meet1 & t !y are ,ne> ( ,k91 ?o !y be> ,diff]5t ,aspects4 ,!re= s9ce ,milton has put himself ^u a ,level ) ! ,quak]s 9 ?is1 ,i w let !m g toge!r4 ,& take z little ,notice ( 8 ,buffoonry1 z ( _! ,dulness aga9/ ,ty!s4 ,!r is no?+ wor? ,quot+ 9 8 ,lampoon aga9/ ! ,hirel+s4 ,b :at !r is ( ,argum5t 9 x1 is fully ,consid]'d 9 :at foll[s4--,,*>les ,,leslie3 ,div9e ,"r ( ,ti!s1 ,pref41 p4 xi4 #ai4 ,reign ( ,james ,,ii1 #afhi back to #afhe4--;,example writt5 9 #afhe4 ,8 conv]sation1 wit1 & p>ts1 ,8 k 9 ! noble/ useful arts1 ,7 su*1 dead au?ors c\ld n give2 ,b habitudes ( ^? :o live2 ,:o1 light+ him1 did great] lights receive3 ,he dra9'd f all1 & all !y knew2 ,8 appreh5sion quick1 8 judgm5t true3 ,t ! mo/ le>n'd ) %ame confess ,8 k m1 8 read+ only less4 ,,john ,,dryd53 ,ode to ! ,memory ( ,*>les ,,ii2 ,poems1 p4 #hd4 #bj4 ,reign ( ,*>les ,,ii1 #afhe to #affj4--;,example f a ,lett] to ! ,e>l ( ,sund]l&1 dat$1 ,philadelphia1 #bh? #e? mo4 ,july1 #afhc4 ,& ,i w v5ture to say1 t by ! help ( ,god1 & su* noble ,fri5ds1 ,i w %[ a ,prov9ce 9 sev5 ye>s1 equal to h] neighb\rs ( =ty ye>s plant+4 ,i h lay'd out ! ,prov9ce into ,c\ntys4 ,six are begun to be seat$2 !y lye on ! great riv]1 & are plant$ ab\t six miles back4 ,! t[n platt is a mile long1 & two deep1--has a navigable riv] on ea* side1 ! lea/ z broad z ! ,?ames at ,woolwy*1 f ?ree to eight fa?om wat]4 ,!re is built ab\t eighty h\ses1 & ,i h settl$ at lea/ ?ree hundr$ f>mes contigu\s to x4--,,william ,,p5n4 ,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #agi4 #ba4 ,f an ,address or ,d$ication to ,*>les ,,ii4--,writt5 9 #afge4 ,!re is no o!r k+ 9 ! _w1 :o c s exp]im5tally te/ify ( ,god's provid5ce & goodness2 nei!r is !re any o!r1 :o rules s _m free p1 s _m true ,*ri/ians3 :i* ?+ r5d]s ?y gov]nm5t m hon\rable1 ?yself m consid]able1 ?an ! accession ( _m nations fill$ ) slavi% & sup]/iti\s s\ls4--,,rob]t ,,b>clay3 ,apology1 p4 viii4 #bb4 ,! foll[+ example1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #affg1 has be5 cit$ by sev]al au?ors1 to %[ h[ l>ge a proportion ( our language is ( ,saxon orig94 ,! ?irte5 words 9 ,italics are ! only ones 9 ?is passage1 :i* seem to h be5 d]iv$ f any o!r s\rce4 ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 & ! fruit ,( t =bidd5 tree1 ^: mortal ta/e ,br\ght dea? into ! _w1 & all our woe1 ,) loss ( ,ed52 till "o great] ,man ,re/ore u1 & rega9 ! blissful seat1 ,s+1 heav'nly ,muse1 t on ! secret top ,( ,oreb1 or ( ,s9ai1 did/ inspire ,t %eph]d1 :o fir/ taught ! *os5 se$1 ,9 ! beg9n+1 h[ ! ,heav'ns & ,e>? ,rose out ( ,*aos4--,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,book ,i4 #bc4 ,examples writt5 dur+ ,cromwell's ,protectorate1 #affj to #afej4 ,! ,que5e 0 pleas$ to %ew me ! lett]1 ! seale be+e a ,roman eagle1 hav+e *>act]s ab\t x almo/ l ! ,greeke4 ,?is day1 9 ! aft]noone1 ! vice-*auncellor came to me & /ay$ ab\t f\r h\rs ) me2 9 :i* tyme we conv]s$ ^u ! longe debates4--,,:itelocke4 ,bucke's ,class4 ,gram41 p4 #adi4 ,i am yet he]e1 & h ! ,/ates ( ,holl& +ag$ 9 a m ?an ordn>y man]1 to procure me audi5ce ( ! ,/ates ,g5]all4 ,:atev] happ51 ! effects mu/ ne$es be good4--,,/rickl&3 ,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #adi4 #bd4 ,reign ( ,*>les ,i1 #afdh to #afbe4--;,example f ,b5 ,jonson's ,gramm>1 writt5 ab\t #afcd2 b ! or?ography is m mod]n4 ,! second & ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! pres5t are made ( ! fir/1 by add+ e/ & e?2 :i* la/ is sometimes %ort5$ into s4 ,x seeme? to h be5 poetical lic5ce :i* fir/ introduc$ ?is abbreviation ( ! ?ird p]son into use2 b our be/ gramm>ians h condemn$ x ^u "s occasions1 ?\gh p]haps n to be absolutely bani%$ ! common & famili> /yle4 ,! p]sons plural keep ! t]m9ation ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul>4 ,9 =m] times1 till ab\t ! reign ( ,h5ry ! eigh?1 !y 7 wont to be =m$ by add+ en2 ?us1 lov51 say51 compla954 ,b n[ 7:atev] is ! cause7 x ha? q gr[n out ( use1 & t o!r s g5]ally prevail$1 t ,i d>e n presume to set ?is afoot aga93 albeit 7to tell y my op9ion7 ,i am p]suad$ t ! lack h]e( well consid]$1 w be f\nd a great blemi% to our tongue4 ,= see+ "t & p]son be1 z x 71 ! "r & left h& ( a v]b1 :at c ! maim+ br+ else1 b a lam5ess to ! :ole body8--,book i1 ,*ap4 xvi4 #be4 ,reign ( ,james ,i1 #afbe to #afjc4--;,f an ,adv]tisem5t1 dat$ #afjh4 ,i svppose x altoge!r ne$lesse 7,*ri/ian ,read]7 by comm5d+ ,m4 ,v,villiam ,p]k9s1 ! ,au?or ( ?is booke1 to wooe y\r holy affection1 :i* ei!r himselfe 9 8 life "t by 8 ,*ri/ian conv]sation ha? woon 9 y1 or si!nce 8 dea?1 ! neu]-dy+ memorie ( 8 excell5t k1 8 great humilitie1 8 s\nd religion1 8 f]u5t zeale1 8 pa9efull lab\rs1 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 doe mo/ iu/ly *all5ge at y\r h&s3 onely 9 "o ^w1 ,i d>e be bold to say ( him z 9 times pa/ ,nazianz5 spake ( ,a?anasius4 ,8 life 0 a good def9ition ( a true m9i/] & prea*] ( ! ,gospell4--,! ,pr9t] to ! ,read]4 #bf4 ,examples writt5 ab\t ! end ( ,elizabe?'s reign--#afjc4 ,"s say1 ,t eu] 'ga9/ t season comes ,:]e9 our ,savi\r's ,bir? is celebrat$1 ,! ,bird ( ,dawn+ s+e? all night long2 ,& !n1 say !y1 no ,_s d>es walk abroad3 ,! nights are :olsom1 !n no ,planets /rike1 ,no ,fairy takes1 nor ,wit* ha? p['r to *>m2 ,s hall['d & s graci\s is ! "t4 ,,%akspe>e3 ,hamlet4 ,! sea1 ) su* a /orme z 8 b>e head ,9 hell-blacke night indur'd1 w\ld haue buoy'd up ,& qu5*'d ! /ell$ fires4 ,yet1 poore old he>t1 he holpe ! heu5s to ra9e4 ,if wolues _h at ?y gate h[l'd t /]ne "t1 ,?\ %\ld/ haue said1 ,good port]1 turne ! key4 ,,%akspe>e3 ,le>4 ,,iv4 ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury4 #bg4 ,reign ( ,elizabe?1 #afjc back to #aeeh4--;,example writt5 9 #aeib4 ,z = ! s\le1 x is no accid5t>ie qualitie1 b a spirituall & inuisible ess5ce or nature1 subsi/+ by x selfe4 ,:i* pla9ely appe>es 9 t ! s\les ( m5 haue bee+ & cont9uance z well =? ( ! bodies ( m5 z 9 ! same2 & are z wel subiect to torm5ts z ! bodie is4 ,& :]eas we c & doe put 9 practise sundrie actions ( life1 s5se1 motion1 vnd]/&+1 we doe x onely by ! p[] & v]tue ( ! s\le4 ,h5ce arise? ! diff]5ce betwe5e ! s\les ( m51 & bea/s4 ,! s\les ( m5 are sub/ances3 b ! s\les ( o!r creatures seeme n to be sub/ances2 because !y haue no bee+ out ( ! bodies 9 :i* !y are4--,,william ,,p]k9s3 ,!ol4 ,works1 folio1 p4 #aee4 #bh4 ,examples writt5 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,elizabe?'s reign4--#aeeh4 ,:o c p]swade1 :5 treason is ab\e reason2 & mighte rule? righte2 & x is _h = lawfull1 :atsoev] is lu/full2 & commotion]s are bett] ?an commission]s2 & common woe is nam$ common weale8--,,sir ,,john ,,*eke4 ,if a yong j5tleman w v5ture him selfe into ! companie ( ruffians1 x is ov] great a jeop>die1 le/ _! facions1 man]s1 ?\ghts1 taulke1 & d$es1 w v]ie sone be ov] l4--,,rog] ,,as*am4 #bi4 ,reign ( ,m>y ! ,bigot1 #aeeh to #aeec4--;,example writt5 ab\t #aeee4 ,& aft] t ,philosophy _h spok5 ^! wordes ! said companye ( ! musys poeticall beynge rebukyd & sad1 ca/e d[ne _! c\nt5aunce to ! gr\nde1 & by blussyng confess$ _! %amefa/nes1 & w5t out ( ! dores4 ,b ,i 7t _h my syght dull & blynd wy? wepyng1 s t ,i knew n :at woman ?is 0 hauyng soo great auc?oritie7 0 amasyd or a/ony$1 & lokyng d[new>d1 t[>de ! gr\nd1 ,i began pryvyle to look :at ?yng %e w\ld save f]!r4--,,colville3 ,v]sion f ,bo?ius3 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ( ,e4 ,l41 p4 #bi4 #cj4 ,example ref]r$ by ,dr4 ,johnson to ! ye> #aeec4 ,pronunciation is an apte ord]+e bo! ( ! voyce1 c\nt5aunce1 & all ! :ole bodye1 accordynge to ! wor?9ea ( su* woordes & mat] z by spea*e are decl>$4 ,! vse h]e( is su*e = anye "o t like? to haue prayse = tellynge 8 tale 9 op5 assemblie1 t hau+ a good tongue1 & a comelye c\nt5aunce1 he %al be ?\ght to passe all o!r t haue n ! l vtt]aunce3 ?\ghe !y h mu*e bett] le>n+4--,,dr4 ,,wilson3 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ,e4 ,l41 p4 #de4 #ca4 ,reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi1 #aeec to #aedg4--;,example writt5 ab\t #aeej4 ,:o t w foll[e ! graces manyfolde ,:i* are 9 v]tue1 %all f9de auauncem5t3 ,:]e=e ye fooles t 9 y\r s9ne are bolde1 ,ensue ye wisdome1 & leaue y\r lewde int5t1 ,wisdome is ! way ( m5 mo/ excell5t3 ,!re=e haue done1 & %ortly sp$e y\r pace1 ,to quaynt y\r self & company ) grace4 ,,alex&] ,,b>clay3 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ,e4 ,l41 p4 #dd4 #cb4 ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 #aedg to #aeji4--;,example dat$ #aeda4 ,let hym t is angry eu5 at ! fyr/e consyd] "o ( ^! ?+es1 t l z he is a man1 s is also ! o!r1 ) :om he is angry1 & !re=e x is z lefull = ! o!r to be angry1 z unto hym3 & if he s be1 ?an %all t ang] be to hym displeasant1 & /]e hym m to be angrye4--,,sir ,,?omas ,,elliott3 ,ca/el ( ,hel!4 #cc4 ,example ( ! e>lie/ ,engli% ,blank ,v]se2 writt5 ab\t #aedj4 ,! suppos$ au?or di$ 9 #aeda1 ag$ #ch4 ,! piece f :i* ^! l9es are tak5 describes ! dea? ( ,zoroas1 an ,egyptian a/ronom]1 sla9 9 ,alex&]'s fir/ battle ) ! ,p]sians4 ,! ,p]sians waild su* sapi5ce to =egoe2 ,& v sone ! ,mac$onians wi%t ,he w\ld h liv$2 k+ ,alex&] selfe ,demde him a man unmete to dye at all2 ,:o wonne l praise = conque/ ( 8 yre1 ,z = /\te m5 9 field t day subdu$1 ,:o pr9ces taught h[ to disc]ne a man1 ,t 9 8 head s r>e a jewel be>es2 ,b ov] all ^? same ,cam5es1#di ^? same ,div9e ,cam5es1 ^: hon\r he procurde1 ,z t5d] p>5t do? 8 daught]s weale1 ,lam5t$1 & = ?ankes1 all t !y c1 ,d *]i% hym decea/1 & sett hym free1 ,f d>k oblivion ( dev\r+ dea?4 ,probably writt5 by ,,sir ,,?omas ,,wyat4 #cd4 ,a ,lett] writt5 f prison1 ) a coal4 ,! writ]1 ,sir ,?omas ,m1 ^: works1 bo? 9 prose & v]se1 7 consid]$ models ( pure & elegant /yle1 _h be5 ,*ancellor ( ,engl&1 & ! famili> confidant ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 by ^: ord] he 0 behead$ 9 #aece4 ,myne own good d\ght]1 our ,lorde be ?ank$ ,i am 9 good hel! ( bodye1 & 9 good quiet ( m9de3 & ( worldly ?ynges ,i no m desy] !n ,i haue4 ,i bese*e hym make y all m]y 9 ! hope ( heau54 ,& su* ?ynges z ,i some:at long$ to talke ) y all1 conc]n+ ! worlde to come1 our ,lorde put !im into y\r myndes1 z ,i tru/e he do? & bett] to by hys holy spirite3 :o blesse y & pres]ue y all4 ,writt5 wy? a cole by y\r t5d] l\+ fa!r1 :o 9 hys pore pray]s =gette? none ( y all1 nor y\r babes1 nor y\r n\rces1 nor y\r good husb&es1 nor y\r good husb&es %rewde wyues1 nor y\r fa!rs %rewde wyfe nei!r1 nor our o!r fr5des4 ,& ?us f>e ye h>tely well = lacke ( pap]4 ,,?omas ,,m1 knight4--,johnson's ,hi/4 ,e4 ,lang41 p4 #db4 #ce4 ,f ,m's ,description ( ,ri*>d ,,iii4--,probably writt5 ab\t #aebj4 ,ri*>de ! ?ird sonne1 ( :om we n[e entreate1 0 9 witte & c\rage egall ) ei!r ( !m1 9 bodye & pr[esse f>re vnd] !m bo!1 little ( /ature1 ill fetur$ ( limmes1 croke back$1 8 left %\ld] mu* high] ?an 8 "r1 h>d fau\r$ ( visage1 & su* z is 9 /ates call$ w>lye1 9 o!r m5ne o!rwise1 he 0 malici\s1 wra?full1 enui\s1 & f a=e 8 bir? eu] fr[>de4 99 99 99 ,hee 0 close & secrete1 a deep dissimul]1 l[lye ( c\nteynaunce1 arrogant ( he>t--dispiti\s & cruell1 n = euill w alway1 b aft] = ambicion1 & ei!r = ! suretie & encrease ( 8 e/ate4 ,fr5de & foo 0 mu*e :at indiff]5t1 :]e 8 aduauntage grew1 he sp>$ no mans dea!1 ^: life )/oode 8 purpose4 ,he slew ) 8 owne h&es k+ ,h5ry ! sixt1 be+ prison] 9 ! ,t[]4--,,sir ,,?omas ,,m3 ,johnson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #ci4 #cf4 ,f 8 description ( ,=tune1 writt5 ab\t ! ye> #aejj4 ,=tune is /ately1 solemne1 pr[de1 & hye3 ,& ry*esse geue?1 to haue s]uyce !re=e4 ,! n$y begg] cat*e? an half p5y3 ,"s manne a ?\saude p\nde1 "s lesse "s m4 ,b = all t %e kepe? eu] 9 /ore1 ,f eu]y manne "s p>cell ( 8 wyll1 ,t he may pray !re=e & s]ve h] /yll4 ,"s manne ha? good1 b *yldr5 ha? he none4 ,"s manne ha? bo?1 b he c get none heal?4 ,"s ha? al ?re1 b vp to hon\rs trone1 ,c he n crepe1 by no man] ( /el?4 ,to "s %e s5de? *yldr51 ry*es1 wel!1 ,hon\r1 woor%yp1 & reu]5ce all hys lyfe3 ,b yet %e pyn*e? hym ) a %rewde wife4 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,m4 ,v4 ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury4 #cg4 ,example = ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vii1 :o 0 cr[n$ on ,boswor? field1 #adhe1 & :o di$ 9 #aeji4 ,:]e= & =asmo*e z we haue s5t = our d]re/ wif1 & = our d]re/ mod]1 to come unto u1 & t we wold h y\r advis & c\nsail also 9 so*e matt]s z we haue to doo = ! subduy+ ( ! rebelles1 we praie y1 t1 yev+ y\r due att5daunce vppon our said d]re/ wif & lady mod]1 ye come ) ?aym unto u2 n fail+ h]( z ye purpose to doo u plaisir4 ,yev5 undre our signett1 at our ,ca/ell ( ,k5elwor?1 ! xiii daie ( ,maye4--,,h5ry ,,vii3 ,lett] to ! ,e>l ( ,ormond3 ,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #adg4 #ch4 ,example = ! %ort reign ( ,ri*>d ,,iii1--f #adhe to #adhc4 ,"r rev]5d fad] 9 ,god1 "r tru/y & "r wel-belov$1 we grete y[ wele1 & wol & *>ge y t "u oure greate seale1 be+ 9 y\r w>de1 ye d make 9 all hai/ our lettres ( proclamation sev]ally to be direct$ unto ! %irrefs ( ev]ie c\ntie )9 ?is oure royaume4--,,ri*>d ,,iii3 ,lett] to 8 ,*ancellor4 #ci4 ,reign ( ,edw>d ,,iv1--f #adhc to #adfa4--;,example writt5 9 #adfc4 ,=asmo*e z we by div]s meanes b5e cr$ebly en=m$ & und>/& = c]tyne1 t owr greate adv]s>y ,h5ry1 nam+e hym selfe kynge ( ,engl&1 by ! malice\s c\nseyle & exitacion ( ,m>g>et 8 wife1 namynge hir selfe queane ( ,engl&1 h conspir$1 c4--,,edw>d ,,iv3 ,lett] ( ,privy ,seal4 #dj4 ,examples = ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,vi1--f #adfa back to #adbb4 ,:5 ,nembro? i4e4 ,nimrod by ,might1 = 8 own ,glorye1 made & incorporate ! fir/ ,realme1 & subduyd x to hymself by ,tyrannye1 he w\ld n h x gov]nyd by any o!r ,rule or ,lawe1 b by 8 own ,w2 by :i* & = ?' accompli%m5t !re( he made x4 ,& !re=1 ?\gh he _h ?us made a ,realme1 holy ,scripture d5yd to cal hym a ,kyng1 ,quia ,rex dicitur a ,reg5do2 ,:y* ?yng he did n1 b oppressyd ! ,p by ,myght4--,,sir ,,john ,,=tescue4 #da4 ,example f ,lydgate1 a poetical ,monk1 :o di$ 9 #addj4 ,our life "h %ort ( wit ! great dulnes ,! heuy s\le tr\bl$ ) trauayle1 ,& ( memorye ! glasyng brotelnes1 ,dr$e & vncunn+ haue made a /rong batail ,) w]9es my spirite to assayle1 ,& ) _! subtil crep+ 9 mo/ que9t ,ha? made my _s 9 makyng = to fe9t4 ,,john ,,lydgate3 ,fall ( ,pr9ces1 ,book ,,iii1 ,prol4 #db4 ,example = ! reign ( ,h5ry ,v1--f #adbb back to #adac4 ,i wolle t ! ,duc ( ,orliance be kept /ille )yn ! ,ca/il ( ,pontefret1 ) owte goyng to ,rob]tis place1 or to any o!r disport1 x is bett] he lak 8 disport !n we 7 disceyv$4 ,( all ! remanant do! z ye !nke?4--,lett] ( ,,h5ry ,v4 #dc4 ,example = ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iv1--f #adac back to #adjj4 ,"r heigh & myghty ,prynce1 my goode & graci\s ,lorde1--,i recommaund me to y z l[ly z ,i kan or may ) all my p\] h]t1 desiryng to hi] goode & graci\s tydynges ( y\r wor%ipful a/ate & welf>e4--,,"l ,,grey3 ,lett] to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales3 ,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,,vi4 ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury4 #dd4 ,reign ( ,ri*>d ,,ii1 #adjj back to #acgg4--;,example writt5 9 #acia4 ,lytel ,l[ys my sonne1 ,i p]ceve well by c]ta9e evid5ces ?yne abylyte to l]ne scy5ces1 t\*+ nombres & proporcions1 & also well consydre ,i ?y besye pray] 9 especyal to l]ne ! tretyse ( ! a/rolabye4 ,?an = z mo*e z a philosoph] sai!1 he wrape? hym 9 8 fr5de1 t condisc5de? to ! ryghtfull pray]s ( 8 fr5de3 !re=e ,i h giv5 ! a suffici5t a/rolabye = oure orizont1 comp[n$ aft] ! latitude ( ,ox5=de3 vpon ! :i*e by m$itacion ( ?is lytell tretise1 ,i purpose to te*e ! a c]tame nombre ( conclusions1 p]ta9ynge to ?is same in/rum5t4--,,ge(frey ,,*auc]3 ,( ! ,a/rolabe4 #de4 ,example writt5 ab\t #ache--to be comp>$ ) t ( #aeee1 on p4 #hg4 ,& ?us ?is companie ( muses iblam$ ca/5 wro?ly ! *]e d\nw>d to ! y]?1 & %ew+ by r$nesse _! %ame1 !i pass$5 sor[fully ! ?re%olde4 ,& ,i ( :om ! sight pl\ng$ 9 t]es 0 d>k$1 s t ,i ne might n "k :at t woman 01 ( s ,imp]ial auc?oritie1 ,i woxe all aba%$ & /oni$1 & ca/ my sight d\ne to ! y]?1 & began /ill = to abide :at %e w\ld do5 aft]w>d4--,,*auc]3 ,v]sion f ,bo?ius3 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ( ,e4 ,l41 p4 #bi4 #df4 ,poetical ,example--probably writt5 be=e #achj4 ,o ,socrates1 ?\ /$fa/ *ampion2 ,%e ne might nevir be ?y turm5t\r1 ,?\ nevir dr$di/ h] oppression1 ,ne 9 h] *]e f\nd9 ?\ no fav\r1 ,?\ knewe wele ! disceipt ( h] col\r1 ,& t h] mo/e wor%ip is = to lie1 ,i kn[e h] eke a false dissimul\r1 ,= f9ally ,=tune ,i doe defie4--,,*auc]4 #dg4 ,reign ( ,edw>d ,,iii1 #acgg to #acbg4--;,example writt5 ab\t #acfj4 ,& eke full (te a littell sk>e ,vpon a banke1 er m5 be w>e1 ,let 9 ! /reme1 :i*e ) gret pe9e1 ,if any man x %all re/re9e4 ,:]e lawe faille?1 err\r gr[e?2 ,he is n wise1 :o t ne tr[e?4--,,sir ,,john ,,g[]4 #dh4 ,example f ,m&eville1 ! ,engli% travell]--writt5 9 #acef4 ,& ?is /]re t is t[>d ! ,nor!1 t wee clep5 ! lode /]re1 ne app]e! n to hem4 ,= :i*e cause1 m5 may wel p]ceyve1 t ! lond & ! see b5 ( r[nde s*app & =me4 ,= ! p>tie ( ! firmam5t s*ewe! 9 o contree1 t s*ewe! n 9 ano!r contree4 ,& m5 may well prev5 be exp]i5ce & sotyle compassem5t ( wytt1 t zif a man fond passages be s*ippes1 t wolde g to s]*5 ! _w1 m5 mighte g be s*ippe all ab\te ! _w1 & abov5 & b5e!n4 ,! :i*e ?+ ,i prove ?us1 aftre t ,i h seyn4 99 99 99 ,be ! :i*e ,i seye z\ c]teynly1 t m5 may envir[ne alle ! er! ( alle ! _w1 z wel undre z abov51 & turn5 az5 to 8 contree1 t hadde companye & s*ippynge & conduyt3 & alle weyes he s*olde fynde m51 londes1 & yles1 als wel z 9 ?is contree4--,,sir ,,john ,,m&eville2 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ( ,e4 ,l41 p4 #bf4 #di4 ,example f ,rob4 ,langl&'s ,vision ( ,pi]ce ,pl\ghman1 #acej4 ,9 ! som] season1 ,:5 hot 0 ! ,sun1 ,i %ope me into %r\bs1 ,z ,i a %epe 72 ,9 habit z an h>met1 ,vnholy ( w]kes1 ,w5t wyde 9 ?is _w ,wond]s to he>e4 #ej4 ,description ( a ,%ip--ref]r$ to ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,ii3 #acbg-acjg4 ,su* ne saw !y nev] none1 ,= x 0 s gay begone1 ,e nayle ) gold ygrave1 ,( pure gold 0 8 sklave1 ,h] ma/ 0 ( ivory1 ,( samyte h] sayle wytly1 ,h] robes all ( :yte sylk1 ,z :yte z ev] 0 ony mylke4 ,! noble %ip 0 )\t ,) clo!s ( gold spread ab\t ,& h] l(t & h] wyndlace ,all ( gold depaynt$ 04 ,,anonym\s3 ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #adc4 #ea4 ,f an ,elegy on ,edw>d ,i1 :o reign$ till #acjg f #abgb4 ,?ah mi tonge 7 made ( /el1 ,ant m9 h]te yzote ( bras1 ,! goodness myht y nev] telle1 ,t ) kyng ,edw>d 03 ,kyng1 z ?\ art clep$ conqu]\r1 ,9 u* battaille ?\ hade/ prys2 ,god br+e ?i s\le to ! hon\r1 ,t ev] wes ant ev] ys4 ,n[ is ,edw>d ( ,c>navan ,kyng ( ,engelond al aplyght2 ,god lete him nev] be worse man ,!n 8 fad]1 ne lasse myht1 ,to hold5 8 pore m5 to ryht1 ,ant und]/onde good c\nsail1 ,al ,engelond = to wysse & dyht2 ,( gode knyhtes d>h him n\t fail4 ,,anon43 ,p]cy's ,reliques1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aj4 ,,vii4 ,,engli% ,,( ,,! ,,?irte5? ,,c5tury4 #eb4 ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii1 #abgb to #abaf4--;,example f an old ballad entitl$ ,ri*>d ( ,almaigne2 :i* ,p]cy says 0 made by "o ( ! adh]5ts ( ,simon de ,mont=t1 e>l ( ,leice/]1 soon aft] ! battle ( ,lewes1 :i* 0 f\ght1 ,may #ad1 #abfd4--,p]cy's ,reliques1 ,vol4 ii4 ,sitte? alle /ille1 & h]kne? to me2 ,! kyng ( ,almaigne1 bi mi leaute1 ,?ritti ?\s5t p\nd ask$e he ,= te make ! pees 9 ! c\ntre1 ,ant s he dude m4 ,ri*>d1 ?ah ?\ be ev] tri*>d1 ,tri*t5 %alt ?\ nev] m4 #ec4 ,9 ! foll[+ examples1 ,i sub/itute ,roman lett]s = ! ,saxon4 ,at ?is p]iod1 we f9d ! *>act]s mix$4 ,! /yle "h is t :i* ,johnson calls a k9d ( int]m$iate diction1 nei!r ,saxon nor ,engli%4 ,( ^! hi/orical rhymes1 by ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/]1 ! ,doctor gives u m ?an two hundr$ l9es2 b he dates !m no fur!r ?an to say1 t ! au?or is plac$ by ! criticks 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury4--,hi/4 ( ,eng4 ,lang41 p4 #bd4 ,alfr$ ?ys noble man1 z 9 ! g] ( grace he nom ,eygte hondr$ & syxty & tuelue ! kyndom4 ,ar/ he adde at ,rome ybe1 &1 vor ys grete wysdom1 ,! pope ,leo hym bless$e1 ?o he ?ud] com1 ,& ! kynges cr\ne ( hys lond1 t 9 ?is lond gut ys3 ,& he l$ hym to be kyng1 ar he kyng 7 y wys4 ,an he 0 kyng ( ,engelond1 ( alle t !r come1 ,t vor/ ?us ylad 0 ( ! pope ( ,rome1 ,an su?! o!r aft] hym ( ! er*ebyssopes e*on4 ,cl]e he 0 god yn\1 & gut1 z me telle? me1 ,he 0 m ?an t5 g] old1 ar he c\! ys abece4 ,ac ys gode mod] (te smale gyftes hym tok1 ,vor to byleue o!r pie1 & loky on ys boke4 ,s t by por cl]gye ys rygt lawes he wonde1 ,t neu]e er n]e y mad to g\]ny ys lond4 ,,rob]t ,,( ,,gl\ce/]3 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ( ,e4 ,l41 p4 #be4 #ed4 ,reign ( ,john1 #abaf back to #aaii4--,subject ( ,*ri/'s ,crucifixion4 ,i syke :5 y s+e = sorewe t y se ,:5 y ) wyp+e bihold ^u ! tre1 ,ant se ,jhesu ! suete ys h]t blod =-lete ,= ! love ( me2 ,ys w\ndes wax5 wete1 !i wep51 /ill & mete1 ,m>ie rewe? me4 ,,anon43 ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,,viii4 ,,engli%1 ,,or ,,anglo-,,saxon1 ,,( ,,! ,,twelf? ,,c5tury4 #ee4 ,reign ( ,ri*>d ,i1 #aaii back to #aahi4--,owl & ,night+ale4 ,i* 0 9 "o sum]e dale1 ,9 "o snive digele pale1 ,i h]de i* hold grete tale1 ,an hule & "o night+ale4 ,t plait 0 /if ,i />e & /rong1 ,sum wile s(te ,i lud among4 ,an o!r aga9 o!r sval ,i let t wole mod ut al4 ,i ei!r seide ( o!res cu/e1 ,t al]e wor/e t hi wu/e ,i hure & ,i hure ( o!rs songe ,hi hold plaidung fu! /ronge4 ,,anon43 ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 #ef4 ,reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii1 #aahi back to #aaed4--;,example dat$ #aahj4 ,& ( alle ?an folke ,! wun$5 !r on folde1 ,wes ?isses l&es folke ,leod5e h5de/ itald2 ,& alswa ! wimm5 ,wunli*e on he[54 ,,godric3 ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ada4 #eg4 ,example f ! ,saxon ,*ronicle1 writt5 ab\t #aafj4 ,micel hadde ,h5ri k+ gad]$ gold sylu]1 & na god ne dide me = 8 saule ?> (4 ,?a ! k+ ,/ephne to ,engla-l& com1 ?a macod he 8 gad]+ t ,ox5e-=d1 ?> he nam ! biscop ,rog] ( ,s]es-b]i1 & ,alex&] biscop ( ,l9coln1 te ,cancel] ,rog] hife neues1 dide lle 9 prisun1 til hi jaf5 up "h ca/les4 ,?a ! suikes und]gton t he milde man 0 s(te god1 na ju/ise ne dide2 ?a did5 hi alle wund]4 ,see ,johnson's ,hi/4 ( ! ,eng4 ,language1 p4 #bb4 #eh4 ,reign ( ,/eph51 #aaed to #aace4--;,example writt5 ab\t ?is "t4 ,fur 9 see bi we/ ,spaygne4 ,is a lond ihone ,cokaygne4 ,!re nis lond "u heu5ri*e4 ,( wel ( godnis hit ili*e4 ,?oy p>adis be miri & briyt4 ,cokaygne is ( fair] siyt4 ,:at is !r 9 p>adis4 ,bot grasse & flure & gr5]is4 ,?oy !r be ioi & gret dute4 ,!r nis met bot nlic frute4 ,!r nis halle bure no b5*4 ,bot watir manis ?ur/ to qu5*4 ,,anon43 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ,eng4 ,lang41 p4 #bc4 #ei4 ,reign ( ,h5ry ,i1 #aace to #aajj4--,"p ( an ,anglo-,saxon ,hymn4 ,heu5e er! all t is1 ,bilok5 is on 8 honde4 ,he de? al t 8 wille is1 ,on sea & ec on londe4 ,he is orde albut5 orde4 ,& ende albut5 ende4 ,he "o is eure on e*e /$e1 ,w5de w] ?u w5de4 ,he is buu5 u & b9e!n1 ,biuor5 & ec bih9d4 ,se man t ,godes wille de?1 ,he mai h9e aihw> u9de4 ,e*e rune he ih]?1 ,& wot e*e d$e4 ,he durh sigh? e*es i?anc1 ,wai hwat sel u to r$e4 ,se man neure nele don god1 ,ne neure god lif l$51 ,er de? dom come to 8 dure1 ,he mai him sore adr$54 ,hung] ?ur/1 hete *ele1 ,ec! & all unhel!1 ,durh de? com on ?is midel>d1 ,& o!r unisel!4 ,ne mai non h]te hit i!n*e1 ,ne no tunge telle1 ,hu mu*ele p9um & hu uele1 ,bie? inne helle4 ,l\ie ,god mid ure hi]te1 ,& mid all ure mihte1 ,& ure emcri/5e swo u self1 ,swo u l]e? drihte4 ,,anon43 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ,eng4 ,lang41 p4 #ba4 ,,ix4 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,( ,,! ,,elev5? ,,c5tury1 ,,comp>$ ,,) ,,engli%4 #fj4 ,saxon1--#aa? ,c5tury4#ej ,,luc1 ,,cap4 ,i4 #e4 ,on ,h]odes dagum ,iudea cyn9cges1 ws sum sacr$ on naman ,za*>ias1 ( ,abian tune3 & 8 wif ws ( ,a>ones dohtrum1 & hyre nama waas ,elizabe?4 #f4 ,so?lice hig wron butu rihtwise be=an ,gode1 gang5de on eallum 8 bebodum & rihtwisnessum1 butan wrohte4 #g4 ,& hig nfdon nan be>n1 =?am ! ,elizabe? ws unb]5de2 & hy on hyra dagum butu =?-eodun4 #h4 ,so?lice ws geword5 ?a ,za*>ias hys sac]dhades breac on 8 gewrixles endebyrdnesse be=an ,gode1 #i4 ft] gewunan ?s sac]dhades hlotes1 he eode t he 8 (frunge sette1 ?a he on ,godes tempel eode4 #aj4 ,eall w]od ?s folces ws ute gebidd5de on ?re (frunge timan4 #aa4 ,?a tywde him ,drihtnes engel /&5de on ?s we(odes s)ran healfe4 #ab4 ,?a we>d ,za*>ias g$ref$ t geseonde1 & him ege onhreas4 #ac4 ,?a cw? se engel him to1 ,ne ondrd ?u ! ,za*>ias2 =?am ?9 b5 is gehyr$1 & ?9 wif ,elizabe? ! sunu c5?1 & ?u nem/ hys naman ,johannes4--,saxon ,gospels4 ,engli%4--#ad? ,c5tury4 ,,luk1 ,,*ap4 ,i4 #e4 ,9 ! dayes ( ,er\de kyng ( ,judee !r 0 a pre/ ,zac>ye by "n1 ( ! sort ( ,abia3 & 8 wyf 0 ( ! d\ghtris ( ,a>on1 & hir "n 0 ,elizabe?4 #f4 ,& bo! w]5 ju/e bi=e ,god1 goynge 9 alle ! maundem5tis & ju/ify+is ( ! ,"l1 )\t5 playnt4 #g4 ,& !i hadd5 no *ild1 = ,elizabe? 0 b>eyn2 & bo! w]5 ( greet age 9 h] dayes4 #h4 ,& x befel t :anne ,zac>ye s*\ld d ! (fice ( pre/hod 9 ! ordir ( 8 c\rse to =e ,god1 #i4 ,aftir ! cu/om ( ! pre/hood1 he w5te =? by lot1 & entride into ! temple to enc5s54 #aj4 ,& al ! multitude ( ! puple 0 )\t =? & prey$e 9 ! our ( enc5sy+4 #aa4 ,& an aungel ( ! ,"l app]ide to him1 & /ood on ! "r half ( ! aut] ( enc5se4 #ab4 ,& ,zac>ye sey+e 0 afray$1 & dr$e fel ^u him4 #ac4 ,& ! aungel sayde to him1 ,zac>ye1 dr$e ?\ n2 = ?y prei] is h]d1 & ,elizabe? ?i wif s*al b]e to !e a sone1 & 8 "n s*al be clepid ,jon4 ,wickliffe's ,bible1 #achj4 ,engli%4--#ag? ,c5tury4 ,,luke1 ,,*ap4 ,i4 #e4 ,!re 0 9 ! days ( ,h]od ! k+ ( ,judea1 a c]ta9 prie/ nam$ ,za*>ias1 ( ! c\rse ( ,abia3 & 8 wife 0 ( ! daught]s ( ,a>on1 & h] "n 0 ,elisabe?4 #f4 ,& !y 7 bo? righte\s be=e ,god1 walk+ 9 all ! comm&m5ts & ord9ances ( ! ,"l1 blameless4 #g4 ,& !y _h no *ild1 because t ,elisabe? 0 b>r52 & !y bo? 7 n[ well /rick5 9 ye>s4 #h4 ,& x came to pass1 t :ile he execut$ ! prie/'s (fice be=e ,god 9 ! ord] ( 8 c\rse1 #i4 ,accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! prie/'s (fice1 8 lot 0 to burn inc5se :5 he w5t into ! temple ( ! ,"l4 #aj4 ,& ! :ole multitude ( ! p 7 pray+ )\t at ! "t ( inc5se4 #aa4 ,& !re appe>$ unto him an angel ( ! ,"l1 /&+ on ! "r side ( ! alt> ( inc5se4 #ab4 ,& :5 ,za*>ias saw him1 he 0 tr\bl$1 & fe> fell ^u him4 #ac4 ,b ! angel said unto him1 ,fe> n1 ,za*>ias2 = ?y pray] is he>d1 & ?y wife ,elisabe? %all be> !e a son1 & ?\ %all call 8 "n ,john4 ,common ,bible1 #afaj4 ,see ,dr4 ,johnson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language1 9 8 ,qu>to ,diction>y4 ,x4 ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,k+ ,,alfr$4 #fa4 ,alfr$ ! ,great1 :o 0 ! y\nge/ son ( ,e!lwolf1 k+ ( ! ,we/ ,saxons1 succe$$ to ! cr[n on ! dea? ( 8 bro!r ,e!lr$1 9 ! ye> #hga1 be+ !n tw5ty-two ye>s old4 ,he _h sc>cely "t to att5d ! fun]al ( 8 bro!r1 be=e he 0 call$ to ! field to def5d 8 c\ntry aga9/ ! ,danes4 ,aft] a reign ( m ?an tw5ty-eight ye>s1 r5d]$ s+ul>ly glori\s by great a*ievem5ts "u difficult circum/ances1 he di$ univ]sally lam5t$1 on ! #bh? ( ,octob]1 ,a4 ,d4 #ijj4 ,by ?is pr9ce ! univ]sity ( ,ox=d 0 f\nd$1 & provid$ ) able tea*]s f ! cont95t4 ,8 own great pr(ici5cy 9 le>n+1 & 8 e>ne/ ef=ts = its promotion1 =m a /rik+ contra/ ) ! ignorance :i* prevail$ be=e4 ,9 ! n9? c5tury1 ?r\gh\t ! :ole k+dom ( ! ,we/ ,saxons1 no man c\ld be f\nd :o 0 s*ol> en\gh to in/ruct ! "y k+ ,alfr$1 !n a *ild1 ev5 9 ! fir/ elem5ts ( read+3 s t he 0 9 8 twelf? ye> be=e he c\ld "n ! lett]s ( ! alphabet4 ,:5 t r5[n$ pr9ce asc5d$ ! ?rone1 he made x 8 /udy to draw 8 p out ( ! slo? & /upidity 9 :i* !y lay2 & became1 z mu* by 8 own example z by ! enc\ragem5t he gave to le>n$ m51 ! great re/or] ( arts 9 8 dom9ions4--,life ( ,bacon4 #fb4 ,! language ( eulogy mu/ (t5 be tak5 ) "s abatem5t3 x does n usually pres5t ?+s 9 _! due proportions4 ,h[ f> ! =ego+ quotation is true1 ,i w n pret5d to say2 b :at is call$ ! revival ( le>n+1 mu/ n be suppos$ to h begun at s e>ly a p]iod z t ( ,alfr$4 ,! foll[+ is a brief specim5 ( ! language 9 :i* t great man wrote2 b1 pr9t$ 9 ,saxon *>act]s1 x w\ld appe> /ill less l ,engli%4 ,on ?re tide ! ,gotan ( ,si??iu mg! ) ,romana rice gew9 upah(on4 & mi? heora cyn+um4 ,rdgota & ,eall]ica wron hatne4 ,romane burig abrcon4 & eall ,italia rice t is betwux ?am muntum & ,sicilia ?am ealonde 9 anwald g]ehton4 & ?a gt] ?am =esprec5an cyn+um ,!odric f5g to ?am ilcan rice se ,!odric ws ,amul+a4 he wass ,cri/54 !ah he on ?am ,arrianiscan g$wolan durhwunode4 ,he gehet ,romanum 8 freondscype4 swa t hi mo/an heora ealdri*ta wyr! beon4--,,k+ ,,alfr$3 ,johnson's ,hi/4 ( ,e4 ,l41 #dto ,dict41 p4 #ag4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,( ,,! ,,grammatical ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,language4 ,grammatica quid e/8 ars rect scrib5di rectque loqu5di2 poet>um en>rationem cont95s2 omnium ,sci5ti>um fons ub]rimus4 99 99 99 ,no/ra tas p>um p]ita r]um vet]um1 nimis brevi gyro grammaticum sepsit2 at apud antiques olim tantum auctoritatis hic ordo habuit1 ut c5sores ess5t et judices scriptorum omnium soli grammatici2 quos ob id etiam ,criticos vocabant4--,,despaut]4 ,prf4 ad ,synt1 fol4 #a4 #a4 ,su* is ! peculi> p[] ( language1 t !re is sc>cely any subject s trifl+1 t x may n !reby be plausibly magnifi$ into some?+ great2 nor are !re _m ?+s :i* _c be +5i\sly disp>ag$ till !y %all seem contemptible4 ,cic]o goes fur!r3 ,nihil e/ tam incr$ibile quod non dic5do fiat probabile2--,!re is no?+ s incr$ible t x may n by ! p[] ( language be made probable4 ,! /udy ( gramm> has be5 (t5 ov]rat$1 & /ill (t5] injuri\sly decri$4 ,i %all nei!r jo9 ) ^? :o w\ld less5 9 ! public e/eem t g5]al sy/em ( doctr9es1 :i* f "t immemorial has be5 taught z gramm>2 nor attempt1 ei!r by magnify+ its practical results1 or by deck+ x out ) my own imag9+s1 to inve/ x ) any artificial or extrane\s importance4 #b4 ,i %all n foll[ ! foot/eps ( ,neef1 :o av]s t1 ,gramm> & incongruity are id5tical ?+s1 & :o1 "u pret5ce ( rea*+ ! same end by bett] means1 scornfully rejects z nons5se e ?+ t o!rs h taught "u t "n2 because ,i am conv9c$1 t1 ( all me?ods ( tea*+1 none goes f>!r ?an 81 to prove ! reproa*ful ass]tion true4 ,nor %all ,i imitate ! declamation ( ,c>dell2 :o1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 ,essay1 recomm5ds ! g5]al /udy ( language on e>?1 f ! consid]ation t1 ,! faculty ( spee* is ! m$ium ( social bliss = sup]ior intellig5ces 9 an et]nal _w2 #ea & :o1 :5 he has exhau/$ c5sure 9 condemn+ ! practical in/ruction ( o!rs1 ?us lavi%es praise1 9 bo? 8 gramm>s1 ^u t =mless1 void1 & incompreh5sible !ory ( 8 own3 ,?is application ( words1 says he1 9 _! endless use1 by "o pla9 rule1 to all ?+s :i* n\ns c "n1 in/ead ( be+ ! fit subject ( bl9d cavil1 is ! mo/ sublime !me pres5t$ to ! intellect on e>?4 ,x is ! practical int]c\rse ( ! s\l at once ) its ,god1 & ) all p>ts ( 8 works6--,c>dell's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #hg2 ,gram41 #ahmo1 p4 #di4 #c4 ,"h1 inde$1 a wide prospect op5s be=e u2 b he :o traces sci5ce1 & tea*es :at is practically useful1 mu/ *eck imag9ation1 & be cont5t ) sob] tru?4 ,= apt ! m9d or fancy is to rove ,un*eck'd1 & ( h] rov+ is no end4--,,milton4 ,re/rict$ )9 its prop] limits1 & view$ 9 its true light1 ! practical sci5ce ( gramm> has an intr9sic dignity & m]it suffici5t to ?r[ back ^u any man :o d>es op5ly assail x1 ! la/+ /igma ( folly & self-conceit4 ,x is true1 ! judgem5ts ( m5 are fallible1 & _m op9ions are liable to be rev]s$ by bett] k3 b :at has be5 long e/abli%$ by ! unanim\s concurr5ce ( ! le>n$1 x c h>dly be ! "p ( a wise in/ructor n[ to dispute4 ,! lit]>y re=m] :o1 ) ! la/ nam$ g5tleman1 imag9es t ! p]sons to :om ! civiliz$ _w h look$ up to = in/ruction 9 language 7 all wrong alike 9 ! ma9 po9ts1 #eb int5ds no middle c\rse ( re=mation1 & mu/ ne$s be a man ei!r ( great m]it1 or ( little mode/y4 #d4 ,! ,engli% language may n[ be reg>d$ z ! common inh]itance ( ab\t fifty millions ( p2 :o are at lea/ z highly di/+ui%$ = virtue1 intellig5ce1 & ent]prise1 z any o!r equal portion ( ! e>?'s population4 ,all ^! are m or less int]e/$ 9 ! purity1 p]man5cy1 & "r use ( t language2 inasmu* z x is to be1 n only ! m$ium ( m5tal int]c\rse ) o!rs = !m & _! *ildr51 b ! vehicle ( all !y value1 9 ! rev]sion ( ance/ral hon\r1 or 9 ! transmission ( _! own4 ,x is ev5 imp]t95t1 to tell a man ( any respectability1 t ! /udy ( ?is 8 native language is an object ( great importance & int]e/3 if he does n1 f ^! mo/ obvi\s consid]ations1 feel x to be s1 ! sugge/ion w be less likely to conv9ce him1 ?an to give (f5ce1 z convey+ an implicit c5sure4 #e4 ,e p]son :o has any ambition to appe> respectable among p ( education1 :e!r 9 conv]sation1 9 correspond5ce1 9 public speak+1 or 9 pr9t1 mu/ be aw>e ( ! absolute necessity ( a compet5t k ( ! language 9 :i* he attempts to express 8 ?\ghts4 ,_m a ludicr\s anecdote is told1 ( p]sons v5tur+ to use words ( :i* !y did n "k ! prop] application2 _m a ridicul\s blund] has be5 publi%$ to ! la/+ disgrace ( ! writ]2 & s intimately does e man's reputation = s5se dep5d ^u 8 skill 9 ! use ( language1 t x is sc>cely possible to acquire ! "o )\t ! o!r4 ,:o c tell h[ mu* ( 8 own good or ill success1 h[ mu* ( ! fav\r or disreg>d ) :i* he himself has be5 treat$1 may h dep5d$ ^u t skill or defici5cy 9 gramm>1 ( :i*1 z (t5 z he has ei!r spok5 or writt51 he mu/ h af=d$ a c]ta9 & con/ant evid5ce4#ec #f4 ,i h be=e said1 t to excel 9 gramm>1 is b to "k bett] ?an o!rs :]e9 grammatical excell5ce consi/s2 &1 z ?is excell5ce1 :e!r 9 ! ?+ itself1 or 9 him t atta9s to x1 is m]ely comp>ative1 !re seems to be no fix$ po9t ( p]fection beyond :i* su* le>n+ may n be c>ri$4 ,9 speak+ or writ+ to diff]5t p]sons1 & on diff]5t subjects1 x is necess>y to v>y "o's /yle ) great nicety ( address2 & 9 no?+ does true g5ius m conspicu\sly appe>1 ?an 9 ! facility ) :i* x adopts ! mo/ appropriate expressions1 leav+ ! critic no fault to expose1 no ^w to am5d4 ,su* facility ( c\rse supposes an intimate k ( all words 9 common use1 & also ( ! pr9ciples on :i* !y are to be comb9$4 #g4 ,) a language :i* we are daily 9 ! practice ( he>+1 speak+1 read+1 & writ+1 we may c]ta9ly acquire no inconsid]able acqua9tance1 )\t ! =mal /udy ( its rules4 ,all ! true pr9ciples ( gramm> 7 presum$ to be kn[n to ! le>n$1 be=e !y 7 writt5 = ! aid ( le>n]s2 nor h !y acquir$ any indep5d5t au?ority1 by be+ record$ 9 a book1 & d5om9at$ gramm>4 ,! tea*+ ( !m1 h[ev]1 has t5d$ 9 no small degree to settle & e/abli% ! con/ruction ( ! language1 to improve ! /yle ( our ,engli% writ]s1 & to enable u to asc]ta9 ) m cle>ness ! true /&>d ( grammatical purity4 ,he :o le>ns only by rote1 may speak ! words or phrases :i* he has ?us acquir$2 & he :o has ! g5ius to disc]n intuitively :at is regul> & prop]1 may h fur!r aid f ! analogies :i* he ?us discov]s2 b he :o w\ld add to su* acquisitions ! satisfaction ( kn[+ :at is "r1 mu/ make ! pr9ciples ( language 8 /udy4 #h4 ,to produce an able & elegant writ]1 may require some?+ m ?an a k ( gramm> rules2 yet x is argum5t en\gh 9 fav\r ( ^? rules1 t )\t a k ( !m no elegant & able writ] is produc$4 ,:o t consid]s ! inf9ite numb] ( phrases :i* words 9 _! v>i\s comb9ations may =m1 & ! utt] impossibility t !y %\ld ev] be recogniz$ individually = ! purposes ( in/ruction & criticism1 b mu/ see ! absolute necessity ( divid+ words into classes1 & ( %[+1 by g5]al rules ( =mation & con/ruction1 ! laws to :i* cu/om commonly subjects !m1 or f :i* %e all[s !m 9 p>ticul> in/ances to deviate8 ,gramm>1 or ! art ( writ+ & speak+1 mu/ cont9ue to be le>n$ by "s p]sons2 because x is ( indisp5sable use to society4 ,& ! only "q is1 :e!r *ildr5 & y\? %all acquire x by a regul> process ( /udy & me?od ( in/ruction1 or be left to glean x solely f _! own occasional obs]vation ( ! mann] 9 :i* o!r p speak & write4 #i4 ,! practical solution ( ?is "q belongs *iefly to p>5ts & gu>dians4 ,! op9ions ( tea*]s1 to ^: discretion ! decision w sometimes be left1 mu/ h a c]ta9 degree ( influ5ce ^u ! public m9d2 & ! popul> notions ( ! age1 9 respect to ! relative value ( diff]5t /udies1 w d\btless bias _m to ! adoption or ! rejection ( ?is4 ,a consid]ation ( ! po9t seems to be appropriate "h1 & ,i _c =be> to comm5d ! /udy to ! fav\r ( my read]s2 leav+ e "o1 ( c\rse1 to *oose h[ mu* he w be influ5c$ by my advice1 example1 or argum5ts4 ,if pa/ exp]i5ce & ! hi/ory ( education be tak5 = guides1 ! /udy ( ,engli% gramm> w n be neglect$2 & ! me?od ( its inculcation w become an object ( p>ticul> inquiry & solicitude4 ,! ,engli% language ought to be le>n$ at s*ool or 9 colleges1 z o!r languages usually are2 by ! /udy ( its gramm>1 accompani$ ) regul> ex]cises ( p>s+1 correct+1 po9t+1 & scann+2 & by ! p]usal ( "s ( its mo/ accurate writ]s1 accompani$ ) /at$ ex]cises 9 composition & elocution4 ,9 books ( criticism1 our language is already m abundant ?an any o!r4 ,"s ( ! be/ ( ^! ! /ud5t %\ld p]use1 z soon z he c und]/& & reli% !m4 ,su* a c\rse1 pursu$ ) regul>ity & dilig5ce1 w be f\nd ! mo/ direct way ( acquir+ an ,engli% /yle at once pure1 correct1 & elegant4 #aj4 ,if any intellig5t man w repres5t ,engli% gramm> o!rwise ?an z "o ( ! mo/ useful bran*es ( /udy1 he may well be suspect$ ( hav+ =m$ 8 conceptions ( ! sci5ce1 n f :at x really is 9 itself1 b f "s ( ^? mis]able treatises :i* only c>icature ! subject1 & ( :i* x is r an advantage to be ignorant4 ,b :o is s de/itute ( good s5se z to d5y1 t a graceful & easy conv]sation 9 ! private circle1 a flu5t & agreeable deliv]y 9 public speak+1 a ready & natural utt]ance 9 read+1 a pure & elegant /yle 9 composition1 are accompli%m5ts ( a v high ord]8 ,& yet ( all ^!1 ! prop] /udy ( ,engli% gramm> is ! true f\ndation4 ,?is w\ld nev] be d5i$ or d\bt$1 if "y p did n f9d1 "u "s o!r "n1 bett] models & m effici5t in/ruction1 ?an :at 0 practis$ on !m = gramm> 9 ! s*ool-room4 ,no disciple ( an able gramm>ian c ev] speak ill ( gramm>1 unless he belong to t class ( knaves :o vilify :at !y despair to rea*4 #aa4 ,by tak+ prop] advantage ( ! ductility ( *ildhood1 intellig5t p>5ts & judici\s tea*]s may ex]cise ov] ! /udies1 op9ions1 & habits ( y\? a /rong & salut>y control2 & x w seldom be f\nd 9 exp]i5ce1 t ^? :o h be5 e>ly taught to consid] grammatical le>n+ z wor?y & manly1 w *ange _! op9ion 9 aft] life4 ,b ! /udy ( gramm> is n s entic+ t x may be disp>ag$ 9 ! he>+ ( ! "y1 )\t injury4 ,:at w\ld be ! natural effect ( ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 :i* ,i quote f a late well-writt5 religi\s homily8 ,! p$agogue & 8 dunce may ex]cise _! wits correctly en\gh1 9 ! way ( grammatical analysis1 on "s spl5did argum5t1 or bur/ ( eloqu5ce1 or ?rill+ descant1 or poetic rapture1 to ! /ra9 & s\l ( :i* n a fibre 9 _! nature w\ld yield a vibration4--,new-,york ,obs]v]1 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #gc4 #ab4 ,w\ld n ! bright boy :o he>d ?is f ! lips ( 8 rev]5d m9i/]1 be apt ! next day to gr[ we>y ( ! p>s+ lesson requir$ by 8 s*oolma/]8 ,& yet :at tru? is !re 9 ! passage8 ,"o c no m judge ( ! fitness ( language1 )\t reg>d to ! mean+ convey$ by x1 ?an ( ! fitness ( a suit ( clo!s1 )\t kn[+ = :om !y 7 int5d$4 ,! gr& clew to ! prop] application ( all syntactical rules1 is ! s5se2 & z any composition is faulty :i* does n rightly deliv] ! au?or's mean+1 s e solution ( a ^w or s5t5ce is necess>ily errone\s1 9 :i* t mean+ is n c>efully notic$ & lit]ally pres]v$4 ,to p>se rightly & fully1 is no?+ else ?an to und]/& rightly & expla9 fully2 & :atsoev] is well express$1 x is a %ame ei!r to misund]/& or to mis9t]pret4 #ac4 ,?is /udy1 :5 prop]ly conduct$ & lib]ally pursu$1 has an obvi\s t5d5cy to dignify ! :ole "*4 ,h[ c he be a man ( ref9$ lit]>y ta/e1 :o _c speak & write 8 native language grammatically8 ,& :o w d5y t e degree ( improvem5t 9 lit]>y ta/e t5ds to bright5 & embelli% ! :ole intellectual nature8 ,! sev]al p[]s ( ! m9d are n s _m di/9ct & sep>able ag5ts1 :i* are usually br\ght into ex]cise "o by "o2 & ev5 if !y 71 !re might be f\nd1 9 a judici\s prosecution ( ?is /udy1 a heal?ful employm5t = !m all4 ,! imag9ation1 inde$1 has no?+ to d ) ! elem5ts ( gramm>2 b 9 ! ex]cise ( composition1 "y fancy may spread h] w+s z soon z !y are fl$g$2 & = ?is ex]cise ! previ\s c\rse ( discipl9e w h furni%$ bo? language & ta/e1 z well z s5tim5t4 #ad4 ,! regul> grammatical /udy ( our language is a ?+ ( rec5t orig94 ,fifty or sixty ye>s ago1 su* an ex]cise 0 sc>cely attempt$ 9 any ( ! s*ools1 ei!r 9 ?is c\ntry or 9 ,engl&4#ed ,( ?is fact we h abundant evid5ce bo? f books1 & f ! te/imony ( our v5]able fa!rs yet liv+4 ,h[ (t5 h ^! pres5t$ ?is z an apology = _! own defici5cies1 & endeav\r$ to excite u to great] dilig5ce1 by contra/+ our opportunities ) !irs6 ,is !re n tru?1 is !re n p[]1 9 ! appeal8 ,& are we n b\nd to avail ourselves ( ! privileges :i* !y h provid$1 to build ^u ! f\ndations :i* _! wisdom has laid1 & to c>ry =w>d ! "w ( improvem5t8 ,in/itutions c d no?+ = u1 unless ! love ( le>n+ preside ov] & prevail 9 !m4 ,! discipl9e ( our s*ools c nev] approa* p]fection1 till ^? :o conduct1 & ^? :o frequ5t !m1 are /rongly actuat$ by t disposition ( m9d1 :i* g5]\sly aspires to all atta9able excell5ce4 #ae4 ,to r\se ?is laudable _s 9 ! m9ds ( our y\?1 & to satisfy its dem&s :5ev] x appe>s1 ought to be ! lead+ objects ) ^? to :om is committ$ ! important bus9ess ( in/ruction4 ,a dull tea*]1 wa/+ "t 9 a s*ool-room ) a p>cel ( /upid or indol5t boys1 kn[s no?+ ( ! satisfaction ei!r ( do+ 8 own duty1 or ( excit+ o!rs to ! p]=mance ( !irs4 ,he settles d[n 9 a regul> r\t9e ( humdrum ex]cises1 dread+ z an inconv5i5ce ev5 su* *ange z pr(ici5cy 9 8 pupils mu/ br+ on2 & is well cont5t to d little good = little money1 9 a pr(ession :i* he hon\rs ) 8 s]vices m]ely to escape />vation4 ,he has1 h[ev]1 "o m]it3 he pleases 8 patrons1 & is p]haps ! only man t c2 = !y mu/ ne$s be ( t class to :om moral re/ra9t is tyranny1 disob$i5ce to tea*]s1 z (t5 "r z wrong2 & :o1 dread+ ! exp5se1 ev5 ( a s*ool-book1 always judge ^? ?+s to be *eape/1 :i* co/ ! lea/ & la/ ! longe/4 ,:at su* a man1 or su* a neighb\rhood1 may ?9k ( ,engli% gramm>1 ,i %all n /op to ask4 #af4 ,to ! foll[+ op9ion f a writ] ( great m]it1 ,i am incl9$ to af=d room "h1 because x des]ves refutation1 &1 ,i am p]suad$1 is n s well f\nd$ z ! g5]ality ( ! doctr9es ) :i* x is pres5t$ to ! public4 ,s9ce human k is s mu* m ext5sive ?an ! opportunity ( individuals = acquir+ x1 x becomes ( ! greate/ importance s to economize ! opportunity z to make x subs]vi5t to ! acquisition ( z l>ge & z valuable a portion z we c4 ,x is n en\gh to %[ t a giv5 bran* ( education is useful3 y mu/ %[ t x is ! mo/ useful t c be select$4 ,rememb]+ ?is1 ,i ?9k x w\ld be exp$i5t to disp5se ) ! =mal /udy ( ,engli% gramm>1--a proposition :i* ,i d\bt n _m a tea*] w he> ) wond] & disapprobation4 ,we le>n ! gramm> 9 ord] t we may le>n ,engli%2 & we le>n ,engli% :e!r we /udy gramm>s or n4 ,especially we %all acquire a compet5t k ( our own language1 if o!r dep>tm5ts ( our education 7 improv$4 #ag4 ,a boy le>ns m ,engli% gramm> by jo9+ 9 an h\r's conv]sation ) educat$ p1 ?an 9 por+ = an h\r ov] ,murray or ,horne ,tooke4 ,if he is accu/om$ to su* society & to ! p]usal ( well-writt5 books1 he w le>n ,engli% gramm>1 ?\gh he nev] sees a ^w ab\t syntax2 & if he is n accu/om$ to su* society & su* read+1 ! 'gramm> books' at a bo>d+-s*ool w n tea* x4 ,m5 le>n _! own language by habit1 & n by rules3 & ?is is j :at we might expect2 = ! gramm> ( a language is itself =m$ f ! preval5t habits ( spee* & writ+4 ,a compil] ( gramm> fir/ obs]ves ^! habits1 & !n makes 8 rules3 b if a p]son is himself famili> ) ! habits1 :y /udy ! rules8 ,i say no?+ ( gramm> z a g5]al sci5ce2 because1 al?\gh ! philosophy ( language be a valuable bran* ( human k1 x 7 idle to expect t s*ool-boys %\ld und]/& x4 ,! objection is1 to ! sy/em ( attempt+ to tea* *ildr5 =mally t :i* !y w le>n practically )\t tea*+4--,,jona?an ,,dymond3 ,essays on ,morality1 p4 #aie4 #ah4 ,?is op9ion1 proce$+ f a man :o has writt5 ^u human affairs ) s mu* ability & practical good s5se1 is p]haps entitl$ to z mu* respect z any t has ev] be5 urg$ aga9/ ! /udy 9 "q4 ,& s f> z ! objection be>s ^u ^? defective me?ods ( in/ruction :i* exp]i5ce has %[n to be ineffici5t1 or ( little use1 ,i am 9 no wise conc]n$ to remove x4 ,! read] ( ?is treatise w f9d _! faults n only admitt$1 b to a great ext5t purposely expos$2 :ile an attempt is "h made1 z well z 9 my e>li] gramm>s1 to introduce a me?od :i* x is hop$ w bett] rea* ! end propos$4 ,b x may easily be p]ceiv$ t ?is au?or's proposition to disp5se ) ! =mal /udy ( ,engli% gramm> is f\nd$ ^u an unt5able assumption4 ,:atev] may be ! advantages ( ^? pur] habits ( spee*1 :i* ! "y naturally acquire f conv]sation ) educat$ p1 x is n true1 t1 )\t in/ruction direct$ to ?is end1 !y w ( !mselves become s well educat$ z to speak & write grammatically4 ,_! language may inde$ be comp>atively accurate & g5teel1 because x is le>n$ ( ^? :o h paid "s att5tion to ! /udy2 b1 z !y _c always be pres]v$ f he>+ vulg> & improp] phraseology1 or f see+ x 9 books1 !y _c o!rwise be gu>d$ f improprieties ( diction1 ?an by a k ( ! rules ( gramm>4 ,"o might easily back ?is position by ! citation ( "s scores ( faulty s5t5ces f ! p5 ( ?is v able writ] himself4 #ai4 ,i imag9e !re c be no mi/ake 9 ! op9ion1 t 9 exact proportion z ! rules ( gramm> are unkn[n or neglect$ 9 any c\ntry1 w corruptions & improprieties ( language be !re multipli$4 ,! g5]al sci5ce ( gramm>1 or ! philosophy ( language1 ! au?or seems to exempt1 & 9 "s sort to comm5d2 & at ! same "t 8 proposition ( exclusion is appli$ n m]ely to ! s*ool-gramm>s1 b a =tiori to ?is sci5ce1 "u ! notion t x is un9telligible to s*ool-boys4 ,b :y %\ld any pr9ciple ( gramm> be ! less intelligible on acc\nt ( ! ext5t ( its application8 ,w a boy pret5d t he _c und]/& a rule ( ,engli% gramm>1 because he is told t x holds good 9 all languages8 ,anci5t etymologies1 & o!r facts 9 lit]>y hi/ory1 mu/ be tak5 by ! "y ^u ! cr$it ( him :o /ates !m2 b ! doctr9es ( g5]al gramm> are to ! le>n] ! easie/ & ! mo/ important pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce4 ,& ,i "k ( no?+ 9 ! true philosophy ( language1 :i*1 by prop] def9itions & examples1 may n be made z intelligible to a boy1 z are ! pr9ciples ( mo/ o!r sci5ces4 ,! difficulty ( in/ruct+ y\? 9 any ?+ t p]ta9s to language1 lies n s mu* 9 ! fact t its philosophy is above _! compreh5sion1 z 9 our own ignorance ( c]ta9 p>ts ( s va/ an inquiry2--9 ! great multiplicity ( v]bal signs2 ! frequ5t contr>iety ( practice2 ! inadequacy ( memory2 ! invet]acy ( ill habits2 & ! little int]e/ t is felt :5 we speak m]ely ( words4 #bj4 ,! grammatical /udy ( our language 0 e>ly & /rongly recomm5d$ by ,locke1#ee & o!r writ]s on education1 ^: "* gave additional weight to an op9ion :i* !y en=c$ by ! cle>e/ argum5ts4 ,b ei!r = want ( a good gramm>1 or = lack ( tea*]s skill$ 9 ! subject & s5sible ( its importance1 ! g5]al neglect s long compla9$ ( z a griev\s imp]fection 9 our me?ods ( education1 has be5 b rec5tly & p>tially obviat$4 ,! atta9m5t ( a correct & elegant /yle1 says ,dr4 ,blair1 is an object :i* dem&s application & lab\r4 ,if any imag9e !y c cat* x m]ely by ! e>1 or acquire x by ! slight p]usal ( "s ( our good au?ors1 !y w f9d !mselves mu* disappo9t$4 ,! _m errors1 ev5 9 po9t ( gramm>1 ! _m (f5ces aga9/ purity ( language1 :i* are committ$ by writ]s :o are f> f be+ contemptible1 demon/rate1 t a c>eful /udy ( ! language is previ\sly requisite1 9 all :o aim at writ+ x prop]ly4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 ,lect4 ix1 p4 #ia4 #ba4 ,to ?9k ju/ly1 to write well1 to speak agreeably1 are ! ?ree great ends ( academic in/ruction4 ,! ,univ]sities w excuse me1 if ,i obs]ve1 t bo? are1 9 "o respect or o!r1 defective 9 ^! ?ree capital po9ts ( education4 ,:ile 9 ,cambridge ! g5]al application is turn$ altoge!r on speculative k1 ) little reg>d to polite lett]s1 ta/e1 or /yle2 9 ,ox=d ! :ole att5tion is direct$ t[>ds classical correctness1 )\t any s\nd f\ndation laid 9 sev]e reason+ & philosophy4 ,9 ,cambridge & 9 ,ox=d1 ! art ( speak+ agreeably is s f> f be+ taught1 t x is h>dly talk$ or ?\ght (4 ,^! defects naturally produce dry unaffect+ compositions 9 ! "o2 sup]ficial ta/e & pu]ile elegance 9 ! o!r2 ungraci\s or affect$ spee* 9 bo?4--,,dr4 ,,br[n1 #ageg3 ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dd4 #bb4 ,a grammatical /udy ( our own language makes no "p ( ! ord9>y me?od ( in/ruction1 :i* we pass ?r\gh 9 our *ildhood2 & x is v seldom we apply ourselves to x aft]w>d4 ,yet ! want ( x w n be effectually suppli$ by any o!r advantages :atsoev]4 ,mu* practice 9 ! polite _w1 & a g5]al acqua9tance ) ! be/ au?ors1 are good helps2 b alone !y w h>dly be suffici5t3 ,we h writ]s1 :o h enjoy$ ^! advantages 9 _! full ext5t1 & yet _c be recomm5d$ z models ( an accurate /yle4 ,mu* less !n w1 :at is commonly call$ le>n+1 s]ve ! purpose2 t is1 a critical k ( anci5t languages1 & mu* read+ ( anci5t au?ors3 ,! greate/ critic & mo/ able gramm>ian ( ! la/ age1 :5 he came to apply 8 le>n+ & criticism to an ,engli% au?or1 0 frequ5tly at a loss 9 matt]s ( ord9>y use & common con/ruction 9 8 own v]nacul> idiom4--,,dr4 ,,l[?1 #agfc3 ,pref4 to ,gram41 p4 vi4 #bc4 ,to ! pupils ( our public s*ools ! acquisition ( _! own language1 :5ev] x is und]tak51 is an easy task4 ,= he :o is acqua9t$ ) sev]al gramm>s already1 f9ds no difficulty 9 add+ "o m to ! numb]4 ,& ?is1 no d\bt1 is "o ( ! reasons :y ,engli% engages s small a proportion ( _! "t & att5tion4 ,x is n frequ5tly read1 & is /ill less frequ5tly writt54 ,its suppos$ facility1 h[ev]1 or "s o!r cause1 seems to h drawn ^u x su* a degree ( neglect z c]ta9ly _c be prais$4 ,! /ud5ts 9 ^? s*ools are (t5 di/+ui%$ by _! compositions 9 ! le>n$ languages1 be=e !y c speak or write _! own ) correctness1 elegance1 or flu5cy4 ,a classical s*ol> too (t5 has 8 ,engli% /yle to =m1 :5 he %\ld communicate 8 acquisitions to ! _w4 ,9 "s in/ances x is nev] =m$ ) success2 & ! defects ( 8 expression ei!r det] him f appe>+ be=e ! public at all1 or at lea/ c\nt]act 9 a great degree ! influ5ce ( 8 "w1 & br+ ridicule ^u ! au?or4 ,surely ^! evils might easily be prev5t$ or dim9i%$4--,,dr4 ,,b>r[3 ,essays on ,education1 ,london1 #ahjd2 ,philad41 #ahbe1 p4 #hg4 #bd4 ,x is also said t ^? :o "k ,lat9 & ,greek g5]ally express !mselves ) m cle>ness ?an ^? :o d n receive a lib]al education4 ,x is inde$ natural t ^? :o cultivate _! m5tal p[]s1 write ) m cle>ness ?an ! uncultivat$ individual4 ,! m5tal cultivation1 h[ev]1 may take place 9 ! "m tongue z well z 9 ,lat9 or ,greek4 ,yet ! _s ( ! anci5t languages1 fur!r is decl>$ to be sup]ior to t ( ! mod]n4 ,i all[ ?is to be ! case2 b ,i d n f9d t ! ,engli% /yle is improv$ by le>n+ ,greek4 ,x is kn[n t lit]al translations are mis]ably bad1 & yet "y s*ol>s are taught to translate1 ^w = ^w1 fai?ful to _! diction>ies4 ,h5ce ^? :o d n make a peculi> /udy ( _! own language1 w n improve 9 x by le>n+1 9 ?is mann]1 ,greek & ,lat94 ,is x n a pity to he>1 :at ,i h be5 told by ! manag]s ( "o ( ! fir/ in/itutions ( ,irel&1 t x 0 easi] to f9d t5 tea*]s = ,lat9 & ,greek1 ?an "o = ! ,engli% language1 ?\gh !y propos$ d\ble ! sal>y to ! latt]8 ,:o c assure u t ! ,greek orators acquir$ _! sup]iority by _! acqua9tance ) =eign languages2 or1 is x n obvi\s1 on ! o!r h&1 t !y le>n$ ideas & express$ !m 9 _! "m tongue8--,,dr4 ,,spurzheim3 ,treatise on ,education1 #ahcb1 p4 #ajg4 #be4 ,diction>ies 7 compil$1 :i* compris$ all ! words1 toge!r ) _! sev]al def9itions1 or ! s5se ea* "o expresses & conveys to ! m9d4 ,^! words 7 analyz$ & class$ accord+ to _! ess5ce1 attributes1 & functions4 ,gramm> 0 made a rudim5t lead+ to ! pr9ciples ( all ?\ghts1 & tea*+ by simple examples1 ! g5]al classification ( words & _! subdivisions 9 express+ ! v>i\s conceptions ( ! m9d4 ,gramm> is !n ! key to ! p]fect und]/&+ ( languages2 )\t :i* we are left to w&] all our lives 9 an intricate labyr9?1 )\t be+ able to trace back aga9 any "p ( our way4--,*azotte's ,essay on ! ,tea*+ ( ,languages1 p4 #de4 ,aga93 ,_h x n be5 = 8 diction>y & 8 gramm>1 :i* taught him ! ess5ce ( all languages1 & ! natural subdivision ( _! compon5t p>ts1 he might h sp5t a life z long z ,me?uselah's1 9 le>n+ words1 )\t be+ able to atta9 to a degree ( p]fection 9 any ( ! languages4--,ib41 p4 #ej4 ,inde$1 x is n easy to say1 to :at degree1 & 9 h[ _m diff]5t ways1 bo? memory & judgem5t may be improv$ by an intimate acqua9tance ) gramm>2 :i* is !re=e1 ) good reason1 made ! fir/ & fundam5tal "p ( lit]>y education4 ,! greate/ orators1 ! mo/ elegant s*ol>s1 & ! mo/ accompli%$ m5 ( bus9ess1 t h appe>$ 9 ! _w1 ( :om ,i ne$ only m5tion ,cs> & ,cic]o1 7 n only /udi\s ( gramm>1 b mo/ le>n$ gramm>ians4--,,dr4 ,,beattie3 ,moral ,sci5ce1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ajg4 #bf4 ,"h1 z 9 _m o!r p>ts ( my "w1 ,i h *os5 to be lib]al ( quotations2 n to %[ my read+1 or to save ! lab\r ( composition1 b to give ! read] ! satisfaction ( "s o!r au?ority ?an my own4 ,9 comm5d+ ! /udy ( ,engli% gramm>1 ,i d n mean to disc\nt5ance t degree ( att5tion :i* 9 ?is c\ntry is paid to o!r languages2 b m]ely to use my feeble influ5ce to c>ry =w>d a "w ( improvem5t1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 has be5 wisely begun1 b n suffici5tly su/a9$4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is improvem5t1 ! /udy ( gramm>1 :i* 0 once prosecut$ *iefly ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! dead languages1 & 0 reg>d$ z ! prop] bus9ess ( ^? only :o 7 to be in/ruct$ 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 is n[ ?\ght to be an appropriate ex]cise = *ildr5 9 elem5t>y s*ools4 ,& ! s5tim5t is n[ g5]ally admitt$1 t ev5 ^? :o are aft]w>ds to le>n o!r languages1 may be/ acquire a k ( ! common pr9ciples ( spee* f ! gramm> ( _! v]nacul> tongue4 ,?is op9ion appe>s to be confirm$ by t exp]i5ce :i* is at once ! mo/ satisfactory pro( ( :at is feasible1 & ! only prop] te/ ( :at is useful4 #bg4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be confess$1 t an acqua9tance ) anci5t & =eign lit]ature is absolutely necess>y = him :o w\ld become a ?or\gh philologi/ or an accompli%$ s*ol>2 & t ! ,lat9 language1 ! s\rce ( sev]al ( ! mod]n tongues ( ,europe1 be+ rem>kably regul> 9 its inflections & sy/ematic 9 its con/ruction1 is 9 itself ! mo/ complete exempl> ( ! /ructure ( spee*1 & ! be/ f\ndation = ! /udy ( gramm> 9 g5]al4 ,b1 z ! g5]al pr9ciples ( gramm> are common to all languages1 & z ! only successful me?od ( le>n+ !m1 is1 to commit to memory ! def9itions & rules :i* embrace !m1 x is reasonable to suppose t ! language mo/ intelligible to ! le>n]1 is ! mo/ suitable = ! comm5cem5t ( 8 grammatical /udies4 ,a compet5t k ( ,engli% gramm> is also 9 itself a valuable atta9m5t1 :i* is )9 ! easy rea* ( _m "y p]sons ^: situation 9 life deb>s !m f ! pursuit ( g5]al lit]ature4 #bh4 ,! att5tion :i* has lately be5 giv5 to ! culture ( ! ,engli% language1 by "s :o1 9 ! "* ( critics or lexicograph]s1 h lab\r$ purposely to improve x1 & by _m o!rs :o1 9 v>i\s bran*es ( k1 h ta/efully adorn$ x ) ! works ( _! g5ius1 has 9 a great measure r$eem$ x f t contempt 9 :i* x 0 =m]ly held 9 ! halls ( le>n+4 ,b1 z ,i h be=e sugge/$1 x does n yet appe> to be suffici5tly att5d$ to 9 ! c\rse ( :at is call$ a lib]al education4 ,comp>$ )1 o!r languages1 ! ,engli% exhibits bo? excell5ces & defects2 b its flexibility1 or p[] ( accommodation to ! ta/es ( diff]5t writ]s1 is great2 & :5 x is us$ ) t ma/]%ip :i* belongs to le>n+ & g5ius1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ !re are few1 if any1 to :i* x ought on ! :ole to be consid]$ inf]ior4 ,b above all1 x is our own2 &1 :atev] we may "k or ?9k ( o!r tongues1 x c nev] be ei!r patriotic or wise1 = ! le>n$ m5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( ,engl& to pride !mselves *iefly ^u !m4 #bi4 ,our language is wor?y to be assidu\sly /udi$ by all :o reside :]e x is spok51 & :o h ! means & ! opportunity to become critically acqua9t$ ) x4 ,to e su* /ud5t x is va/ly m important to be able to speak & write well 9 ,engli%1 ?an to be di/+ui%$ = pr(ici5cy 9 ! le>n$ languages & yet ignorant ( 8 own4 ,x is c]ta9 t _m f :om bett] ?+s might be expect$1 are f\nd mis]ably defici5t 9 ?is respect4 ,& _! neglect ( s desirable an accompli%m5t is ! m rem>kable & ! m c5surable on acc\nt ( ! facility ) :i* ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! anci5t languages may atta9 to excell5ce 9 _! ,engli% /yle4 ,:atev] ! advantages or defects ( ! ,engli% language be1 z x is our own language1 x des]ves a high degree ( our /udy & att5tion4 99 99 99 ,:atev] k may be acquir$ by ! /udy ( o!r languages1 x c nev] be communicat$ ) advantage1 unless by su* z c write & speak _! own language well4--,,dr4 ,,blair3 ,rhetoric1 ,lect4 ix1 p4 #ia4 #cj4 ,i am n ( op9ion t x is exp$i5t to press ?is /udy to mu* ext5t1 if at all1 on ^? :om pov]ty or incapacity may h de/9$ to situations 9 :i* !y w nev] he> or ?9k ( x aft]w>ds4 ,! c\rse ( nature _c be controll$2 & =tune does n p]mit u to prescribe ! same c\rse ( discipl9e = all4 ,to speak ! language :i* !y h le>n$ )\t /udy1 & to read & write = ! mo/ common purposes ( life1 may be education en\gh = ^? :o c be rais$ no high]4 ,b x mu/ be ! desire ( e b5evol5t & intellig5t man1 to see ! advantages ( lit]>y1 z well z ( moral culture1 ext5d$ z f> z possible among ! p4 ,& x is manife/1 t 9 proportion z ! precepts ( ! div9e ,r$eem] are obey$ by ! nations t pr(ess 8 "n1 w all di/9ctions aris+ m]ely f ! inequality ( =tune be less5$ or done away1 & bett] opportunities be (f]$ = ! *ildr5 ( indig5ce to adorn !mselves ) ! treasures ( k4 #ca4 ,we may n be able to effect all t is desirable2 b1 fav\r$ z our c\ntry is1 ) great facilities = c>ry+ =w>d ! "w ( improvem5t1 9 e ?+ :i* c contribute to national glory & prosp]ity1 ,i w\ld1 9 conclusion ( ?is topic1 submit--t a critical k ( our common language is a subject wor?y ( ! p>ticul> att5tion ( all :o h ! g5ius & ! opportunity to atta9 x2--t on ! purity & propriety ) :i* ,am]ican au?ors write ?is language1 ! reputation ( our national lit]ature greatly dep5ds2--t 9 ! pres]vation ( x f all *anges :i* ignorance may admit or affectation inv5t1 we ought to unite z hav+ "o common int]e/2--t a fix$ & settl$ or?ography is ( great importance1 z a means ( pres]v+ ! etymology1 hi/ory1 & id5tity ( words2--t a gramm> fre$ f errors & defects1 & embrac+ a complete code ( def9itions & illu/rations1 rules & ex]cises1 is ( prim>y importance to e /ud5t & a great aid to tea*]s2--t z ! vices ( spee* z well z ( mann]s are contagi\s1 x becomes ^? :o h ! c>e ( y\?1 to be ma/]s ( ! language 9 its purity & elegance1 & to avoid z mu* z possible e ?+ t is repreh5sible ei!r 9 ?\ght or expression4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,( ,,! ,,be/ ,,me?od ,,( ,,tea*+ ,,gramm>4 ,quomodo diff]unt grammaticus et grammati/a8 ,grammaticus e/ qui dilig5t]1 acut1 sci5t]que possit aut dic]e aut scrib]e1 et poetas en>r>e3 idem lit]atus dicitur4 ,grammati/a e/ qui b>b>is lit]is ob/repit1 cui abusus pro usu e/2 ,grcis ,lat9am dat etymologiam1 et totus 9 nugis e/3 ,lat9 dicitur lit]ator4--,,despaut]4 ,synt41 fol4 #a4 #a4 ,x is h>dly to be suppos$ t any p]son c h a v cle> conviction ( ! be/ me?od ( do+ a ?+1 :o %all n at fir/ h acquir$ a pretty correct & adequate notion ( ! ?+ to be done4 ,arts mu/ be taught by arti/s2 sci5ces1 by le>n$ m52 &1 if ,gramm> is ! sci5ce ( words1 ! art ( writ+ & speak+ well1 ! be/ speak]s & writ]s w be ! be/ tea*]s ( x1 if !y *oose to direct _! att5tion to s humble an employm5t4 ,=1 )\t disp>agem5t ( ! _m wor?y m5 :om *oice or necessity has made s*oolma/]s1 x may be admitt$ t ! l[ e/imation 9 :i* s*ool-keep+ is commonly held1 does mo/ly exclude f x ! fir/ ord] ( tal5ts1 & ! highe/ acquirem5ts ( s*ol>%ip4 ,x is "o /rong pro( ( ?is1 t we h h]et(ore be5 cont5t to receive our dige/s ( ,engli% gramm>1 ei!r f m5 :o _h _h no practical exp]i5ce 9 ! lab\rs ( a s*ool-room1 or f mis]able modifi]s & abridg]s1 de/itute alike ( le>n+ & ( indu/ry1 ( judgem5t & ( skill4 #b4 ,b1 to h a correct & adequate notion ( ,engli% gramm>1 & ( ! be/ me?od ( le>n+ or tea*+ x1 is no light atta9m5t4 ,! critical k ( ?is subject lies 9 no n>r[ circle ( obs]vation2 nor are !re any precise limits to possible improvem5t4 ,! simple def9ition 9 :i* ! g5]al idea ( ! art is embrac$1 ,gramm> is ! art ( writ+ & speak+ correctly1 h[ev] useful 9 ord] to fix ! le>n]'s conception1 c sc>cely give him a bett] k ( ! ?+ itself1 ?an he w\ld h ( ! art ( pa9t+1 :5 he _h le>n$ f ,dr4 ,web/]1 t x is ! art ( repres5t+ to ! eye1 by means ( figures & colors1 any object ( sight1 & sometimes emotions ( ! m9d4 ,! fir/ w\ld no m enable him to write a sonnet1 ?an ! second1 to take 8 ma/]'s lik5ess4 ,! =ce ( ?is rem>k ext5ds to all ! te*nical divisions1 def9itions1 rules1 & arrangem5ts ( gramm>2 ! le>n] may commit !m all to memory1 & "k b v little ab\t ! art4 #c4 ,?is fact1 too frequ5tly illu/rat$ 9 practice1 has be5 made ! basis ( ! /ronge/ argum5t ev] rais$ aga9/ ! /udy ( gramm>2 & has be5 p>ticul>ly urg$ aga9/ ! ord9>y te*nical me?od ( tea*+ x1 z if ! :ole ( t labori\s process 7 useless4 ,x has l$ "s m51 ev5 ( ! highe/ tal5ts1 to d\bt ! exp$i5cy ( t me?od1 "u any circum/ances1 & ei!r to disc\nt5ance ! :ole matt]1 or inv5t o!r s*emes by :i* !y hop$ to be m successful4 ,! utt] futility ( ! old accid5ce has be5 inf]r$ f x1 & urg$1 ev5 9 "s well-writt5 books1 ) all ! plausibility ( a fair & legitimate d$uction4 ,! h>d%ips ( *ildr51 compell$ to le>n :at !y did n und]/&1 h be5 bewail$ 9 prefaces & reviews2 incr$ible ?+s boa/$ by lit]>y juggl]s1 h be5 believ$ by m5 ( s5se2 & ! sympa?ies ( nature1 ) accumulat$ prejudices1 h be5 excit$ aga9/ t me?od ( tea*+ gramm>1 :i* aft] all w be f\nd 9 exp]i5ce to be at once ! easie/1 ! %orte/1 & ! be/4 ,i mean1 ess5tially1 ! anci5t positive me?od1 :i* aims directly at ! inculcation ( pr9ciples4 #d4 ,x has be5 already admitt$1 t def9itions & rules committ$ to memory & n r$uc$ to practice1 w nev] enable any "o to speak & write correctly4 ,b x does n foll[1 t to /udy gramm> by le>n+ its pr9ciples1 or to tea* x te*nically by =mal lessons1 is ( no real utility4 ,surely n4 ,= ! same admission mu/ be made ) respect to ! def9itions & rules ( e practical sci5ce 9 ! _w2 & ! te*nology ( gramm> is ev5 m ess5tial to a true k ( ! subject1 ?an t ( almo/ any o!r art4 ,to proce$ ^u pr9ciples at fir/1 says ,dr4 ,b>r[1 is ! mo/ comp5di\s me?od ( atta9+ e bran* ( k2 & ! tru?s impress$ ^u ! m9d 9 ! ye>s ( *ildhood1 are ev] aft]w>ds ! mo/ firmly rememb]$1 & ! mo/ readily appli$4--,essays1 p4 #hd4 ,read+1 z ,i h said1 is a "p ( gramm>2 & x is a "p :i* mu/ ( c\rse prec$e :at is commonly call$ 9 ! s*ools ! /udy ( gramm>4 ,any p]son :o c read1 c le>n f a book su* simple facts z are )9 8 compreh5sion2 & we h x on ! au?ority ( ,dr4 ,adam1 t1 ,! pr9ciples ( gramm> are ! fir/ ab/ract tru?s :i* a "y m9d c compreh5d4--,pref4 to ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #d4 #e4 ,x is manife/1 t1 ) respect to ?is bran* ( k1 ! duties ( ! tea*] w v>y consid]ably1 accord+ to ! age & atta9m5ts ( 8 pupils1 or accord+ to ea* /ud5t's ability or incl9ation to pr(it by 8 pr9t$ guide4 ,! bus9ess lies p>tly betwe5 ! ma/] & 8 s*ol>1 & p>tly betwe5 ! boy & 8 book4 ,among ^! x may be p>tition$ v>i\sly1 & ( c\rse unwisely2 = no g5]al rule c precisely det]m9e = all occasions :at may be expect$ f ea*4 ,! defici5cies ( any "o ( ! ?ree mu/ ei!r be suppli$ by ! extraord9>y read9ess ( an o!r1 or ! atta9m5t ( ! purpose be proportionably imp]fect4 ,:at "o fails to d1 mu/ ei!r be done by an o!r1 or left undone4 ,aft] mu* obs]vation1 x seems to me1 t ! mo/ prop] mode ( treat+ ?is sci5ce 9 s*ools1 is1 to ?r[ ! lab\r ( its acquisition almo/ entirely ^u ! /ud5ts2 to require f !m v accurate rehe>sals z ! only condition on :i* !y %all be li/5$ to2 & to ref] !m to _! books = ! in=mation :i* !y ne$1 & 9 g5]al = ! solution ( all _! d\bts4 ,b !n ! tea*] mu/ see t he does n set !m to grope _! way ?r\gh a wild]ness ( absurdities4 ,he mu/ "k t !y h a book1 :i* n only conta9s ! requisite in=mation1 b arranges x s t e item ( x may be readily f\nd4 ,t k may reasonably be requir$ at _! recitations1 :i* culpable neglig5ce alone c\ld h prev5t$ !m f obta9+4 #f4 ,mo/ gramm>s1 & especially ^? :i* are design$ = ! s5ior class ( /ud5ts1 to :om a well-writt5 book is a suffici5t in/ructor1 conta9 a l>ge proportion ( matt] :i* is m]ely to be read by ! le>n]4 ,?is is commonly di/+ui%$ 9 type f ^? m important doctr9es :i* con/itute ! frame ( ! edifice4 ,x is expect$ t ! latt] w receive a great] degree ( att5tion4 ,! only successful me?od ( tea*+ gramm>1 is1 to cause ! pr9cipal def9itions & rules to be committ$ ?or\ghly to memory1 t !y may ev] aft]w>ds be readily appli$4 ,oral in/ruction may smoo! ! way1 & facilitate ! lab\r ( ! le>n]2 b ! notion ( communicat+ a compet5t k ( gramm> )\t impos+ ?is task1 is disprov$ by univ]sal exp]i5ce4 ,nor w x avail any ?+ = ! /ud5t to rehe>se def9itions & rules ( :i* he makes no practical application4 ,9 etymology & syntax1 he %\ld be alt]nately ex]cis$ 9 le>n+ small portions ( 8 book1 & !n apply+ !m 9 p>s+1 till ! :ole is r5d]$ famili>4 ,to a good read]1 ! a*ievem5t w be nei!r great nor difficult2 & ! ex]cise is well calculat$ to improve ! memory & /r5g!n all ! faculties ( ! m9d4 #g4 ,! objection drawn f ! alleg$ ineffici5cy ( ?is me?od1 lies solely aga9/ ! practice ( ^? tea*]s :o disjo9 ! pr9ciples & ! ex]cises ( ! art2 & :o1 ei!r ?r\gh ignorance or neglig5ce1 impose only su* tasks z leave ! pupil to suppose1 t ! committ+ to memory ( def9itions & rules1 con/itutes ! :ole bus9ess ( gramm>4#ef ,su* a me?od is no less absurd 9 itself1 ?an contr>y to ! practice ( ! be/ tea*]s f ! v orig9 ( ! /udy4 ,! epi/le prefix$ to ,k+ ,h5ry's ,gramm> almo/ ?ree c5turies ago1 & ! v s5sible preface to ! old ,briti% ,gramm>1 an octavo repr9t$ at ,bo/on 9 #aghd1 give evid5ce en\gh t a bett] me?od ( tea*+ has long be5 kn[n4 ,nay1 9 my op9ion1 ! v be/ me?od _c be ess5tially diff]5t f t :i* has be5 longe/ 9 use1 & is probably mo/ kn[n4 ,b !re is ev]y:]e ample room = improvem5t4 ,p]fection 0 nev] atta9$ by ! mo/ le>n$ ( our ance/ors1 nor is x f\nd 9 any ( our s*emes4 ,engli% gramm> c be bett] taught ?an x is n[1 or ev] has be54 ,bett] s*ol>%ip w\ld naturally produce ?is improvem5t1 & x is easy to suppose a race ( tea*]s m erudite & m zeal\s1 ?an ei!r we or !y4 #h4 ,:]e inv5tion & discov]y are preclud$1 !re is little room = novelty4 ,i h n lab\r$ to introduce a sy/em ( gramm> ess5tially new1 b to improve ! old & free x f abuses4 ,! mode ( in/ruction "h recomm5d$ is ! result ( long & successful exp]i5ce4 ,!re is no?+ 9 x1 :i* any p]son ( common abilities w f9d x difficult to und]/& or adopt4 ,x is ! pla9 didactic me?od ( def9ition & example1 rule & praxis2 :i* no man :o means to tea* gramm> well1 w ev] des]t1 ) ! hope ( f9d+ an o!r m rational or m easy4 ,?is book itself w make any "o a gramm>ian1 :o w take ! tr\ble to obs]ve & practise :at x tea*es2 & ev5 if "s in/ructors %\ld n adopt ! readie/ means ( mak+ _! pupils famili> ) its cont5ts1 !y w n fail to in/ruct by x z effectually z !y c by any o!r4 ,a hope is also indulg$1 t ?is "w w be p>ticul>ly useful to _m :o h pass$ ! ord9>y p]iod allott$ to education4 ,:oev] is acqua9t$ ) ! gramm> ( our language1 s z to h "s tol]able skill 9 tea*+ x1 w "h f9d almo/ e ?+ t is true 9 8 own in/ructions1 cle>ly embrac$ "u its prop] head1 s z to be easy ( ref]5ce4 ,& p]haps !re are few1 h[ev] le>n$1 :o1 on a p]usal ( ! volume1 w\ld n be furni%$ ) "s important rules & facts :i* _h n be=e occurr$ to _! own obs]vation4 #i4 ,! greate/ peculi>ity ( ! me?od is1 t x requires ! pupil to speak or write a great deal1 & ! tea*] v little4 ,b bo? %\ld con/antly rememb] t gramm> is ! art ( speak+ & writ+ well2 an art :i* c no m be acquir$ )\t practice1 ?an t ( danc+ or swimm+4 ,& ea* %\ld ev] be c>eful to p]=m 8 "p h&somely--)\t drawl+1 omitt+1 /opp+1 hesitat+1 falt]+1 miscall+1 reit]at+1 /utt]+1 hurry+1 slurr+1 m\?+1 misquot+1 mispron\nc+1 or any ( ! ?\s& faults :i* r5d] utt]ance disagreeable & inelegant4 ,x is ! le>n]'s diction t is to be improv$2 & ! sy/em w be f\nd well calculat$ to effect t object2 because x dem&s ( him1 n only to answ] que/ions on gramm>1 b also to make a prompt & practical application ( :at he has j le>n$4 ,if ! class be tol]able read]s1 & h le>n$ ! art ( att5tion1 x w n be necess>y = ! tea*] to say mu*2 & 9 g5]al he ought n to take up ! "t by s do+4 ,he %\ld1 h[ev]1 c>efully sup]9t5d _! rehe>sals2 give ! ^w to ! next :5 any "o errs2 & ord] ! ex]cise 9 su* a mann] t ei!r 8 own voice1 or ! example ( 8 be/ s*ol>s1 may gradually correct ! ill habits ( ! awkw>d1 till all le>n to recite ) cle>ness1 und]/&+ well :at !y say1 & mak+ x intelligible to o!rs4 #aj4 ,)\t oral in/ruction & oral ex]cises1 a correct habit ( speak+ our language c nev] be acquir$2 b writt5 rules1 & ex]cises 9 writ+1 are p]haps q z necess>y1 = ! =mation ( a good /yle4 ,all ^! %\ld !re=e be comb9$ 9 our c\rse ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,&1 9 ord] to accompli% two objects at once1 ! writt5 doctr9es1 or ! def9itions & rules ( gramm>1 %\ld /at$ly be made ! subject ( a critical ex]cise 9 utt]ance2 s t ! boy :o is p>s+ a ^w1 or correct+ a s5t5ce1 9 ! he>+ ( o!rs1 may impressively realize1 t he is !n & !re exhibit+ 8 own skill or defici5cy 9 oral disc\rse4 ,p]fect =ms ( p>s+ & correct+ %\ld be giv5 him z models1 ) ! und]/&+ t ! text be=e him is 8 only guide to _! "r application4 ,x %\ld be %[n1 t 9 p>s+ any p>ticul> ^w1 or "p ( spee*1 !re are j s _m ?+s to be said ( x1 & no m1 & t ^! are to be said 9 ! be/ mann]3 s t :oev] tells few]1 omits some?+ requisite2 :oev] says m1 ins]ts some?+ irrelevant2 & :oev] proce$s o!rwise1 ei!r blund]s 9 po9t ( fact1 or impairs ! beauty ( ! expression4 ,i rely n ^u :at are call$ ,p>s+ ,tables b ^u ! precise =ms ( expression :i* are giv5 9 ! book = ! p>s+ ( ! sev]al sorts ( words4 ,because ! que/ions1 or ab/ract directions1 :i* con/itute ! common p>s+ tables1 are less intelligible to ! le>n] ?an a practical example2 & m "t mu/ ne$s be consum$ on !m1 9 ord] to impress ^u 8 memory ! numb] & ! sequ5ce ( ! facts to be /at$4 #aa4 ,if a pupil happ5 to be naturally timid1 !re %\ld c]ta9ly be no au/]ity ( mann] to emb>rass 8 diffid5ce2 = no "o c speak well1 :o feels afraid4 ,b a f> m common imp$im5t to ! true use ( spee*1 is c>elessness4 ,he :o speaks be=e a s*ool1 9 an ex]cise ( ?is k9d1 %\ld be made to feel t he is b\nd by e consid]ation ( respect = himself1 or = ^? :o he> him1 to proce$ ) 8 explanation or rehe>sal1 9 a ready1 cle>1 & intelligible mann]4 ,x %\ld be /rongly impress$ ^u him1 t ! gr& object ( ! :ole bus9ess1 is 8 own practical improvem5t2 t a habit ( speak+ cle>ly & agreeably1 is itself "o half ( ! great art ( gramm>2 t to be sl[ & awkw>d 9 p>s+1 is unp>donable neglig5ce1 & a culpable wa/e ( "t2 t to commit blund]s 9 rehe>s+ gramm>1 is to speak badly ab\t ! art ( speak+ well2 t 8 recitations mu/ be limit$ to su* ?+s z he p]fectly kn[s2 t he mu/ apply himself to 8 book1 till he c proce$ )\t mi/ake2 f9ally1 t he mu/ wat* & imitate ! utt]ance ( ^? :o speak well1 ev] tak+ t = ! be/ mann]1 9 :i* !re are ! fewe/ ?+s t c\ld be mimick$4#eg #ab4 ,! ex]cise ( p>s+ %\ld be comm5c$ imm$iately aft] ! fir/ lesson ( etymology--! lesson 9 :i* are conta9$ ! def9itions ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee*2 & %\ld be c>ri$ on progressively1 till x embraces all ! doctr9es :i* are applicable to x4 ,if x be p]=m$ accord+ to ! ord] prescrib$ 9 ! foll[+ "w1 x w soon make ! /ud5t p]fectly famili> ) all ! prim>y def9itions & rules ( gramm>4 ,x asks no aid f a diction>y1 if ! p]=m] kn[s ! mean+ ( ! words he is p>s+2 & v little f ! tea*]1 if ! =ms 9 ! gramm> h receiv$ any tol]able %>e ( att5tion4 ,x requires j en\gh ( ?\ght to keep ! m9d att5tive to :at ! lips are utt]+2 :ile x advances by su* easy gradations & con/ant repetitions z leave ! pupil utt]ly )\t excuse1 if he does n "k :at to say4 ,be+ nei!r :olly extemporane\s nor :olly rehe>s$ by rote1 x has m dignity ?an a s*ool-boy's conv]sation1 & m ease ?an a =mal recitation1 or declamation2 & is !re=e an ex]cise well calculat$ to induce a habit ( unit+ correctness ) flu5cy 9 ord9>y spee*--a species ( elocution z valuable z any o!r4#eh #ac4 ,?us w\ld ,i unite ! practice ) ! !ory ( gramm>2 endeav\r+ to express its pr9ciples ) all possible p]spicuity1 purity1 & propriety ( diction2 reta9+1 z necess>y p>ts ( ! subject1 ^? te*nicalities :i* ! pupil mu/ ne$s le>n 9 ord] to und]/& ! disquisitions ( gramm>ians 9 g5]al2 adopt+ e important feature ( t sy/em ( doctr9es :i* appe>s to h be5 longe/ & mo/ g5]ally taught2 reject+ ! multitud9\s errors & inconsi/5cies ) :i* unskillful h&s h disgrac$ ! sci5ce & p]plex$ ! s*ools2 remodell+ e anci5t def9ition & rule :i* x is possible to am5d1 9 respect to /yle1 or grammatical correctness2 supply+ ! num]\s & great defici5cies ) :i* ! mo/ compreh5sive treatises publi%$ by e>li] writ]s1 are *>geable2 adapt+ ! code ( in/ruction to ! pres5t /ate ( ,engli% lit]ature1 )\t giv+ c\nt5ance to any innovation n sanction$ by reputable use2 lab\r+ at once to ext5d & to facilitate ! /udy1 )\t =gett+ ! prop] limits ( ! sci5ce1 or debas+ its /yle by pu]ilities4 #ad4 ,^! g5]al views1 x is hop$1 w be f\nd to h be5 /eadily adh]$ to ?r\gh\t ! foll[+ "w4 ,! au?or has n deviat$ mu* f ! pr9ciples adopt$ 9 ! mo/ approv$ gramm>s already 9 use2 nor has he act$ ! "p ( a s]vile copyi/4 ,x 0 n 8 design to introduce novelties1 b to =m a practical dige/ ( e/abli%$ rules4 ,he has n lab\r$ to subv]t ! g5]al sy/em ( gramm>1 receiv$ f "t immemorial2 b to improve ^u x1 9 its pres5t application to our tongue4 ,t :i* is excell5t1 may n be p]fect2 & am5dm5t may be desirable1 :]e subv]sion w\ld be ru9\s4 ,believ+ t no !ory c bett] expla9 ! pr9ciples ( our language1 & no contrivance af=d great] facilities to ! /ud5t1 ! writ] has 9 g5]al adopt$ ^? doctr9es :i* are already be/ kn[n2 & has cont5t$ himself ) attempt+ little m ?an to supply ! defici5cies ( ! sy/em1 & to free x f ! reproa* ( be+ itself ungrammatical4 ,?is inde$ 0 task en\gh2 =1 to him1 all ! p]=mances ( 8 pr$ecessors seem$ meagre & greatly defici5t1 comp>$ ) :at he ?\ght ne$ful to be done4 ,! scope ( 8 lab\rs has be51 to def9e1 dispose1 & exemplify ^? doctr9es anew2 &1 ) a scrupul\s reg>d to ! be/ usage1 to (f]1 on t au?ority1 "s fur!r contributions to ! /ock ( grammatical k4 #ae4 ,hav+ devot$ _m ye>s to /udies ( ?is nature1 & be+ conv]sant ) mo/ ( ! grammatical treatises already publi%$1 ! au?or conceiv$ t ! objects above ref]r$ to1 might be bett] effect$ ?an !y _h be5 9 any "w )9 8 k4 ,& he p]suades himself1 t1 h[ev] ?is "w may yet fall %ort ( possible complet5ess1 ! improvem5ts "h (f]$ are nei!r few nor inconsid]able4 ,he does n mean to conceal 9 any degree 8 obligations to o!rs1 or to indulge 9 c5sure )\t discrim9ation4 ,he has no disposition to depreciate ! lab\rs1 or to detract f ! m]its1 ( ^? :o h writt5 ably ^u ?is topic4 ,he has /udi\sly endeav\r$ to avail himself ( all ! light !y h ?r[n ^u ! subject4 ,) a view to fur!r improvem5ts 9 ! sci5ce1 he has also resort$ to ! orig9al s\rces ( grammatical k1 & has n only critically consid]$ :at he has se5 or he>d ( our v]nacul> tongue1 b has s\ght ) "s dilig5ce ! analogies ( spee* 9 ! /ructure ( sev]al o!r languages4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! "w n[ furni%$ be ?\ght wor?y ( pref]5ce1 z exhibit+ ! be/ me?od ( tea*+ gramm>2 he tru/s x w be because x deviates lea/ f s\nd doctr9e1 :ile1 by fair criticism ^u o!rs1 x be/ supplies ! means ( *oos+ judici\sly4 #af4 ,( all me?ods ( tea*+ gramm>1 t :i* has come ne>e/ to :at is recomm5d$ above1 has d\btless be5 ! mo/ successful2 & :atev] objections may h be5 rais$ aga9/ x1 x w probably be f\nd on exam9ation to be ! mo/ analog\s to nature4 ,x is analytic 9 respect to ! doctr9es ( gramm>1 syn!tic 9 respect to ! practice1 & logical 9 respect to bo?4 ,x assumes ! language z an object :i* ! le>n] is capable ( conceiv+ to be "o :ole2 beg9s ) ! classification ( all its words1 accord+ to c]ta9 gr& diff]5ces :i* make ! sev]al p>ts ( spee*2 !n proce$s to divide fur!r1 accord+ to specific diff]5ces & qualities1 till all ! classes1 prop]ties1 & relations1 ( ! words 9 any intelligible s5t5ce1 become obvi\s & det]m9ate3 & he to :om ^! ?+s are kn[n1 s t he c see at a glance :at is ! con/ruction ( ea* ^w1 & :e!r x is "r or n1 is a good gramm>ian4 ,! disposition ( ! human m9d to g5]alize ! objects ( ?\ght1 & to foll[ broad analogies 9 ! use ( words1 discov]s itself e>ly1 & seems to be an inh]5t pr9ciple ( our nature4 ,h5ce1 9 ! language ( *ildr5 & illit]ate p1 _m words are regul>ly inflect$ ev5 9 opposition to ! mo/ common usage4 #ag4 ,x has un=tunately become fa%ionable to inveigh aga9/ ! necess>y lab\r ( le>n+ by he>t ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( gramm>1 z a useless & intol]able drudg]y4 ,& ?is notion1 ) ! va9 hope ( effect+ ! same purpose 9 an easi] way1 is giv+ c\nt5ance to modes ( tea*+ well calculat$ to make sup]ficial s*ol>s4 ,:5 ^? pr9ciples are prop]ly def9$1 dispos$1 & exemplifi$1 ! lab\r ( le>n+ !m is f> less ?an has be5 repres5t$2 & ! habits ( application induc$ by su* a me?od ( /udy+ gramm>1 are ( ! utmo/ importance to ! le>n]4 ,exp]i5ce %[s1 t ! task may be a*iev$ dur+ ! ye>s ( *ildhood2 & t1 by an e>ly habit ( /udy1 ! memory is s improv$1 z to r5d] ^? ex]cises easy & famili>1 :i*1 at a lat] p]iod1 w\ld be f\nd v difficult & irksome4 ,^u ?is plan1 & p]haps ^u e o!r1 "s words w be le>n$ be=e ! ideas repres5t$ by !m are fully compreh5d$1 or ! ?+s spok5 ( are fully und]/ood4 ,b ?is seems necess>ily to arise f ! ord] ( nature 9 ! developm5t ( ! m5tal faculties2 & an acquisition _c be lightly e/eem$1 :i* has signally augm5t$ & improv$ t faculty on :i* ! pupil's future progress 9 k dep5ds4 #ah4 ,! memory1 inde$1 %\ld nev] be cultivat$ at ! exp5se ( ! und]/&+2 z is ! case1 :5 ! =m] is task$ ) ill-devis$ lessons by :i* ! latt] is misl$ & bewild]$4 ,b tru?1 :e!r fully compreh5d$ or n1 has no p]plex+ inconsi/5cies4 ,& x is manife/ t t :i* does n 9 "s respect surpass ! und]/&+1 c nev] enlight5 x--c nev] awak5 ! _s ( inquiry or satisfy rese>*4 ,h[ (t5 h m5 ( obs]vation pr(it$ by ! remembrance ( words :i*1 at ! "t !y he>d !m1 !y did n p]fectly und]/&6 ,we nev] /udy any ?+ ( :i* we imag9e our k to be p]fect4 ,to le>n1 &1 to und]/&1 are1 ) respect to any sci5ce or art1 "o & ! same ?+4 ,) respect to difficult or un9telligible phraseology alone1 are !y diff]5t4 ,he :o by /udy has once /or$ 8 memory ) ! s\nd & appropriate language ( any important doctr9e1 c nev]1 )\t "s folly or conceit ak9 to madness1 rep5t ( ! acquisition4 ,milton1 9 8 academy1 pr(ess$ to tea* ?+s r ?an words2 & _m o!rs h made plausible pr(ession ( ! same ?+ s9ce4 ,b x does n appe>1 t ev5 9 ! h&s ( ,milton1 ! attempt 0 cr[n$ ) any rem>kable success4 ,see ,dr4 ,b>r['s ,essays1 p4 #he4 #ai4 ,! va9 pret5sions ( sev]al mod]n simplifi]s1 contriv]s ( ma*9es1 *>ts1 tables1 diagrams1 v9cula1 pictures1 dialogues1 famili> lectures1 ocul> analyses1 tabul> comp5diums1 inductive ex]cises1 productive sy/ems1 intellectual me?ods1 & v>i\s new !ories1 = ! purpose ( tea*+ gramm>1 may s]ve to deceive ! ignorant1 to amuse ! vision>y1 & to excite ! admiration ( ! cr$ul\s2 b none ( ^! ?+s has any fav\rable relation to t improvem5t :i* may ju/ly be boa/$ z hav+ tak5 place )9 ! memory ( ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,! def9itions & rules :i* con/itute ! doctr9es ( gramm>1 may be v>i\sly express$1 arrang$1 illu/rat$1 & appli$2 & 9 ! expression1 arrangem5t1 illu/ration1 & application ( !m1 !re may be room = "s am5dm5t2 b no contrivance c ev] relieve ! pupil f ! necessity ( committ+ !m ?or\ghly to memory4 ,! exp]i5ce ( all antiquity is add$ to our own1 9 confirmation ( ?is2 & ! judici\s tea*]1 ?\gh he w n %ut 8 eyes to a real improvem5t1 w be cauti\s ( r5\nc+ ! practical lessons ( ho>y exp]i5ce1 = ! futile notions ( a va9 projector4 #bj4 ,"s h be5 beguil$ ) ! idea1 t great pr(ici5cy 9 gramm> 0 to be made by means ( a c]ta9 fanciful me?od ( induction4 ,b if ! s*eme does n communicate to ^? :o are in/ruct$ by x1 a bett] k ( gramm> ?an ! contriv]s !mselves seem to h possess$1 x w be f\nd ( little use4#ei ,by ! happy me?od ( ,bacon1 to lead philosophy into ! common walks ( life1 into ! ord9>y bus9ess & language ( m51 is to improve ! condition ( humanity2 b1 9 tea*+ gramm>1 to des]t ! pla9 didactic me?od ( def9ition & example1 rule & praxis1 & pret5d to lead *ildr5 by philosophic induction into a k ( words1 is to ?r[ d[n ! ladd] ( le>n+1 t boys may imag9e !mselves to asc5d x1 :ile !y are m]ely /ilt+ ov] ! l[ level ^u :i* its fragm5ts are ca/4 #ba4 ,! *ief argum5t ( ^! inductive gramm>ians is f\nd$ on ! pr9ciple1 t *ildr5 _c be in/ruct$ by means ( any words :i* !y d n p]fectly und]/&4 ,if ?is pr9ciple 7 /rictly true1 *ildr5 c\ld nev] be in/ruct$ by words at all4 ,= no *ild ev] fully und]/&s a ^w ! fir/ "t he he>s or sees x2 & x is r by frequ5t repetition & use1 ?an by any o!r process1 t ! mean+ ( words is commonly le>n$4 ,h5ce mo/ p make use ( _m t]ms :i* !y _c v accurately expla91 j z !y d ( _m ?+s1 ! real nature ( :i* !y d n compreh5d4 ,! fir/ p]ception we h ( any ^w1 or o!r ?+1 :5 pres5t$ to ! e> or ! eye1 gives u "s k ( x4 ,s1 to ! signs ( ?\ght1 z old] p]sons use !m1 we soon atta* "s notion ( :at is meant2 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is k1 & t :i* we call an und]/&+ ( ! ^w or ?+1 is1 = ! mo/ "p1 only 9 degree4 ,def9itions & explanations are d\btless highly useful1 b induction is n def9ition1 & an und]/&+ ( words may be acquir$ )\t ei!r2 else no man c\ld ev] h made a diction>y4 ,b1 grant+ ! pr9ciple to be true1 x makes no?+ = ?is pu]ile me?od ( induction2 because ! regul> process by def9itions & examples is bo? %ort] & easi]1 z well z m effectual4 ,9 a ^w1 ?is :ole s*eme ( inductive gramm> is no?+ else ?an a s]ies ( lead+ que/ions & manufactur$ answ]s2 ! =m] be+ g5]ally z unfair z ! latt] are silly4 ,x is a rem>kable tissue ( ill-laid premises & ( =c$ illogical sequ5ces4 #bb4 ,( a simil> "* is a c]ta9 "w1 entitl$1 ,engli% ,gramm> on ! ,productive ,sy/em3 a me?od ( in/ruction rec5tly adopt$ 9 ,g]many & ,switz]l&4 ,x is a "w :i* c]ta9ly w be productive ( no good to any body b ! au?or & 8 publi%]s4 ,! book is z de/itute ( ta/e1 z ( me?od2 ( au?ority1 z ( orig9ality4 ,x comm5ces ) ! inductive process1 & aft] =ty pages ( su* matt] z is describ$ above1 becomes a productive sy/em1 by means ( a misnam$ ,,recapitulation2 :i* jumbles toge!r ! etymology & ! syntax ( ! language1 ?r\gh sev5ty-six pages m4 ,x is !n made /ill m productive by ! appropriation ( a l space to a repr9t ( ,murray's ,syntax & ,ex]cises1 "u ! inappropriate title1 ,,g5]al ,,obs]vations4 ,to ,prosody1 includ+ punctuation & ! use ( capitals1 !re are allott$ six pages1 at ! end2 & to ,or?ography1 f\r l9es1 9 ! middle ( ! volume6 7,see p4 #da47 ,x is b j1 to reg>d ! title ( ?is book1 z be+ at once a libel & a lie2 a libel ^u ! le>n+ & good s5se ( ,woodbridge2#fj & a practical lie1 z convey+ a false notion ( ! orig9 ( :at ! volume conta9s4 #bc4 ,:at !re is 9 ,g]many or ,switz]l&1 t be>s any resemblance to ?is misnam$ sy/em ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 rema9s to be %[n4 ,x w\ld be prodigal ( ! read]'s "t1 & inconsi/5t ) ! /udi$ brevity ( ?is "w1 to expose ! fallacy ( :at is pret5d$ 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( ?is new me?od4 ,suffice x to say1 t ! anonym\s & que/ionable acc\nt ( ! ,productive ,sy/em ( ,in/ruction1 :i* ! au?or has borr[$ f a valuable p]iodical1 to save himself ! tr\ble ( writ+ a preface1 &1 z he says1 to assi/ ! read] 9 =m+ an op9ion ( ! comp>ative m]its ( ! sy/em is n only de/itute ( all au?ority1 b is totally irrelevant1 except to ! :imsical "n ( 8 book4 ,if e ^w ( x be true1 x is insuffici5t to give u ev5 ! slighte/ reason to suppose1 t any ?+ analog\s to 8 production ev] _h exi/5ce 9 ei!r ( ^? c\ntries2 & yet x is set =? on purpose to convey ! idea t su* a sy/em n[ pr$om9ates 9 ! s*ools ( bo?4 7,see ,pref41 p4 #e47 ,! infidel ,neef1 ^: new me?od ( education has be5 tri$ 9 our c\ntry1 & ) its promulgator =got1 0 an accr$it$ disciple ( ?is boa/$ productive s*ool2 a zeal\s coadjutor ) ,pe/alozzi himself1 f ^: halls he emanat$ to tea* ! (fspr+ ( a free p--to tea* !m ! nature ( ?+s s5sible1 & a contempt = all ! wisdom ( books4 ,& :at simil>ity is !re betwe5 8 me?od ( tea*+ & t ( ,roswell ,c4 ,smi?1 except _! pret5ce to a common p>5tage1 & t bo? are wor?less8 #bd4 ,! success ( ,smi?'s ,inductive & ,productive ,gramm>s1 & ! fame p]haps ( a c]ta9 ,gramm> 9 ,famili> ,lectures1 produc$ 9 #ahcf a rival "w f ! h&s ( a g5tleman 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 entitl$1 ,an ,analytical ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 embrac+ ! ,inductive & ,productive ,me?ods ( ,tea*+1 ) ,famili> ,explanations 9 ! ,lecture ,/yle c4 ,?is is a fair-look+ duodecimo volume ( ?ree hundr$ pages1 ! "* & pret5sions ( :i*1 if !y c\ld be cle>ly /at$1 w\ld ?r[ fur!r light ^u ! two fallaci\s s*emes ( tea*+ m5tion$ above4 ,= ! writ] says1 ,?is gramm> pr(esses to comb9e bo? ! ,inductive & ,productive me?ods ( imp>t+ in/ruction1 ( :i* mu* has be5 said )9 a few ye>s pa/--,preface1 p4 iv4 ,& aga93 ,! inductive & productive me?ods ( in/ruction conta9 ! ess5ce ( mod]n improvem5ts4--,gram41 p4 #aci4 ,9 :at ^! mod]n improvem5ts consi/1 he does n in=m u2 b1 x w be se51 t he himself claims ! copyright ( all ! improvem5ts :i* he all[s to ,engli% gramm> s9ce ! appe>ance ( ,murray 9 #agie4 ,m ?an two hundr$ pret5d]s to su* improvem5ts1 appe> h[ev] )9 ! "t2 nor is ! gramm>ian ( ,holdgate ! lea/ positive ( ! claimants4 ,?is new purveyor = ! public ta/e1 dislikes ! cat]+ ( 8 pr$ecessor1 :o poa*$ 9 ! fields ( ,murray2 &1 ) a tacit c5sure ^u 8 productions1 has hone/ly b\ght ! r>eties :i* he has s]v$ up4 ,9 ?is he has ! advantage4 ,he is a bett] writ] too ?an "s :o make gramm>s2 ?\gh no adept at composition1 & a total /rang] to me?od4 ,to call 8 "w a sy/em is a palpable misnom]2 to tell :at x is1 an impossibility4 ,x is a grammatical *aos1 be>+ su* a resemblance to ,smi?'s or ,kirkham's z "o mass ( confusion naturally be>s to an o!r1 yet diff]+ f bo? 9 almo/ e ?+ t looks l ord] 9 any ( ! ?ree4 #be4 ,! claimant ( ! comb9ation says1 ?is new sy/em ( ,engli% gramm> n[ (f]$ to ! public1 embraces ! pr9ciples ( a ',sy/ematic ,introduction to ,engli% ,gramm>1' by ,john ,l4 ,p>khur/2 & ! pres5t au?or is indebt$ to ,mr4 ,p>khur/ = a k ( ! mann] ( apply+ ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 8 peculi> me?od ( tea*+ grammatical sci5ce4 ,he is also "u obligations to ,mr4 ,p>khur/ = _m useful h9ts receiv$ sev]al ye>s s9ce :ile "u 8 in/ruction4--,! copy "r ( ,p>khur/'s ,gramm> has be5 pur*as$ by ! writ] ( ?is1 :o alone is responsible = ! pres5t application ( its def9itions4 ,p>khur/'s ,sy/ematic ,introduction to ,engli% ,gramm> has pass$ ?r\gh two editions1 & is ! fir/ improv$ sy/em ( ,engli% gramm> t has appe>$ be=e ! public s9ce ! fir/ introduction ( ,l9dley ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm>4--,sanborn's ,gram41 ,preface1 p4 iii4 ,:at1 !n1 is ,,! ,,productive ,,sy/em8 & ) :om did x orig9ate8 ,! ?\s&s ( gross blund]s committ$ by its pr(essors1 prove at lea/ t x is no sy/em ( writ+ grammatically2 &1 :e!r x orig9at$ ) ,p>khur/ or ) ,pe/alozzi1 ) ,sanborn or ) ,smi?1 z x is confess$ly a me?od b rec5tly adopt$1 &1 s f> z appe>s1 nev] fairly te/$1 s is x a me?od t ne$s only to be kn[n1 to be imm$iately & =ev] explod$4 #bf4 ,! be/ in/ruction is t :i* ultimately gives ! greate/ facility & skill 9 practice2 & gramm> is be/ taught by t process :i* br+s its doctr9es mo/ directly home to ! habits z well z to ! ?\ghts ( ! pupil--:i* ! mo/ effectually conqu]s inatt5tion1 & leaves ! deepe/ impress ( %ame ^u blund]+ ignorance4 ,9 ! language ( "s m51 !re is a vividness1 an en]gy1 a p[] ( expression1 :i* p5etrates ev5 ! s\l ( dullness1 & leaves an impression bo? ( words unkn[n & ( s5tim5ts unfelt be=e4 ,su* m5 c tea*2 b he :o k9dly or indol5tly accommodates himself to ignorance1 %all nev] be greatly in/rum5tal 9 remov+ x4 ,! colloquial b>b>isms ( boys1 says ,dr4 ,b>r[1 %\ld nev] be suff]$ to pass )\t notice & c5sure4 ,prov9cial tones & acc5ts1 & all defects 9 articulation1 %\ld be correct$ :5ev] !y are he>d2 le/ !y gr[ into e/abli%$ habits1 unkn[n1 f _! famili>ity1 to him :o is guilty ( !m1 & adopt$ by o!rs1 f ! imitation ( 8 mann]1 or _! respect = 8 au?ority4--,b>r['s ,essays on ,education1 p4 #hh4 #bg4 ,9 ! :ole range ( s*ool ex]cises1 !re is none ( great] importance ?an t ( p>s+2 & yet p]haps !re is none :i* is1 9 g5]al1 m defectively conduct$4 ,sc>cely less useful1 z a means ( in/ruction1 is ! practice ( correct+ false syntax orally1 by regul> & logical =ms ( argum5t2 nor does ?is appe> to h be5 m ably direct$ t[>ds ! purposes ( discipl9e4 ,!re is s mu* to be done1 9 ord] to effect :at is desirable 9 ! managem5t ( ^! ?+s2 & s little prospect t education w ev] be g5]ally rais$ to a j appreciation ( t /udy :i*1 m ?an all o!rs1 =ms ! m9d to habits ( correct ?9k+2 t1 9 reflect+ ^u ! /ate ( ! sci5ce at ! pres5t "t1 & ^u ! means ( its improvem5t1 ! au?or _c b sympa?ize1 9 "s degree1 ) ! sadness ( ! le>n$ ,sanctius2 :o tells u1 t he _h always lam5t$1 & (t5 ) te>s1 t :ile o!r bran*es ( le>n+ 7 excell5tly taught1 gramm>1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( all o!rs1 lay s mu* neglect$1 & t = ?is neglect !re seem$ to be no adequate rem$y4--,pref4 to ,m9]va4 ,! grammatical use ( language is 9 sweet alliance ) ! moral2 & a simil> regret seems to h prompt$ ! foll[+ exclamation ( ! ,*ri/ian poet3 ,sacr$ ,int]pret] ( human ?\ght1 ,h[ few respect or use !e z !y ought6--,,c[p]4 #bh4 ,no directions1 ei!r oral or writt51 c ev] enable ! he$less & ! un?9k+ to speak or write well4 ,t mu/ inde$ be an admirable book1 :i* c attract levity to sob] reflection1 tea* ?\ghtlessness ! true mean+ ( words1 raise vulg>ity f its fondness = l[ examples1 awak5 ! _s :i* atta9s to excell5cy ( spee*1 & cause grammatical ex]cises to be skillfully manag$1 :]e tea*]s !mselves are s (t5 lam5tably defici5t 9 !m4 ,yet some?+ may be effect$ by means ( bett] books1 if bett] c be introduc$4 ,& :at )/&s8--,:atev] !re is ( ignorance or error 9 relation to ! premises4 ,& is x arrogant to say !re is mu*8 ,alas6 9 reg>d to ?is1 z well z to _m a weighti] matt]1 "o may too truly affirm1 ,multa non sunt sicut multis vid5tur--,_m ?+s are n z !y seem to _m4 ,common errors are apt to conceal !mselves f ! common m9d2 & ! appeal to reason & j au?ority is (t5 fru/rat$1 because a wrong head defies bo?4 ,b1 ap>t f ?is1 !re are difficulties3 multiplicity p]plexes *oice2 inconv5i5ce att5ds *ange2 improvem5t requires ef=t2 conflict+ !ories dem& exam9ation2 ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce are unpr(itably disput$2 ! end is (t5 divorc$ f ! means2 & mu* t belies ! title1 has be5 publi%$ "u ! "n4 #bi4 ,x is c]ta91 t ! pr9t$ =mul>ies mo/ commonly furni%$ = ! important ex]cises ( p>s+ & correct+1 are ei!r s awkw>dly writt5 or s neglig5tly foll[$1 z to make gramm>1 9 ! m\?s ( our juv5ile orators1 little else ?an a crude & falt]+ j>gon4 ,murray evid5tly int5d$ t 8 book ( ex]cises %\ld be con/antly us$ ) 8 gramm>2 b he made ! examples 9 ! =m] s dull & prolix1 t few le>n]s1 if any1 h ev] gone ?r\gh ! s]ies agreeably to 8 direction4 ,! publi%+ ( !m 9 a sep>ate volume1 has probably giv5 rise to ! absurd practice ( endeav\r+ to tea* 8 gramm> )\t !m4 ,! =ms ( p>s+ & correct+ :i* ?is au?or furni%es1 are also misplac$2 & :5 f\nd by ! le>n]1 are ( little use4 ,!y are s v]bose1 awkw>d1 irregul>1 & defici5t1 t ! pupil mu/ be ei!r a dull boy or utt]ly ignorant ( gramm>1 if he _c express ! facts extemporane\sly 9 bett] ,engli%4 ,!y are also v meagre z a :ole1 & altoge!r inadequate to _! purpose2 _m ?+s t frequ5tly occur 9 ! language1 n be+ at all exemplifi$ 9 !m1 or ev5 expla9$ 9 ! gramm> itself4 ,:5 we consid] h[ exce$+ly important x is1 t ! bus9ess ( a s*ool %\ld proce$ )\t loss ( "t1 & t1 9 ! oral ex]cises "h spok5 (1 ea* pupil %\ld g ?r\gh 8 "p promptly1 cle>ly1 correctly1 & fully1 we _c ?9k x a light objection t ^! =ms1 s (t5 to be repeat$1 are s badly writt54 ,nor does ! objection lie aga9/ ?is writ] only3 ,ab uno disce omnes4 ,b ! read] may dem& "s illu/rations4#fa #cj4 ,fir/--f 8 etymological p>s+3 ,o ,virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art6 ,"h 8 =m = ! ^w ,virtue is--,virtue is a common sub/antive1 ( ! neut] g5d]1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & ! nom9ative case4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #b4 ,x %\ld h be5--,virtue is a common n\n1 p]sonifi$ prop]1 ( ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 fem99e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 ,& !n ! def9itions ( all ^! ?+s %\ld h foll[$ 9 regul> num]ical ord]4 ,he gives ! class ( ?is n\n wrong1 = virtue address$ becomes an individual2 he gives ! g5d] wrong1 & 9 direct contradiction to :at he says ( ! ^w 9 8 section on g5d]2 he gives ! p]son wrong1 z may be se5 by ! pron\n ?\1 :i* repres5ts x2 he repeats ! def9ite article ?ree times unnecess>ily1 & ins]ts two ne$less prepositions1 mak+ !m diff]5t :]e ! relation is precisely ! same3 & all ?is1 9 a s5t5ce ( two l9es1 to tell ! prop]ties ( ! n\n ,virtue6--,b fur!r3 9 etymological p>s+1 ! def9itions expla9+ ! prop]ties ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 ought to be regul>ly & rapidly rehe>s$ by ! pupil1 till all ( !m become p]fectly famili>2 & till he c disc]n1 ) ! quickness ( ?\ght1 :at alone w be true = ! full description ( any ^w 9 any intelligible s5t5ce4 ,all ^! ! au?or omits2 &1 on acc\nt ( ?is omission1 8 :ole me?od ( etymological p>s+ is1 mis]ably defici5t4#fb #ca4 ,secondly--f 8 syntactical p>s+3 ,vice degrades u4 ,"h 8 =m = ! ^w ,vice is--,vice is a common sub/antive1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & ! nom9ative case4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #i4 ,n[1 :5 ! le>n] is told t ?is is ! syntactical p>s+ ( a n\n1 & ! o!r ! etymological1 he w ( c\rse conclude1 t to advance f ! etymology to ! syntax ( ?is "p ( spee*1 is m]ely1 to omit ! g5d]--?is be+ ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! two =ms4 ,b ev5 ?is diff]5ce _h no o!r orig9 ?an ! compil]'s c>elessness 9 prep>+ 8 octavo book ( ex]cises--! g5d] be+ ins]t$ 9 ! duodecimo4 ,& :at !n8 ,is ! syntactical p>s+ ( a n\n to be precisely ! same z ! etymological8 ,nev]4 ,b ,murray1 & all :o admire & foll[ 8 "w1 are cont5t to p>se _m words by halves--mak+1 or pret5d+ to make1 a necess>y di/9ction1 & yet (t5 omitt+1 9 bo? p>ts ( ! ex]cise1 e ?+ :i* con/itutes ! diff]5ce4 ,he %\ld "h h said--,vice is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is ! subject ( degrades2 accord+ to ! rule :i* says1 ',a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4' ,because ! mean+ is--vice degrades4 ,?is is ! :ole description ( ! ^w1 ) its con/ruction2 & to say less1 is to leave ! matt] unf9i%$4 #cb4 ,?irdly--f 8 ,mode ( v]bally correct+ errone\s s5t5ces3 ,take 8 fir/ example3 ,! man is prud5t :i* speaks little4 7,h[ f> sil5ce is prud5ce1 dep5ds ^u circum/ances3 ,i waive t "q47 ,! le>n] is "h taught to say1 ,?is s5t5ce is incorrect2 because :i* is a pron\n ( ! neut] g5d]1 & does n agree 9 g5d] ) its antec$5t man1 :i* is mascul9e4 ,b a pron\n %\ld agree ) its antec$5t 9 g5d]1 c4 accord+ to ! fif? rule ( syntax4 ,:i* %\ld !re=e be :o1 a relative pron\n1 agree+ ) its antec$5t man2 & ! s5t5ce %\ld /& ?us3 ',! man is prud5t :o speaks little4'--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ah2 ,ex]cises1 #abmo1 p4 xii4 ,aga93 ',aft] ,i visit$ ,europe1 ,i return$ to ,am]ica4' ,?is s5t5ce1 says ,murray1 is n correct2 because ! v]b visit$ is 9 ! imp]fect t5se1 & yet us$ "h to express an action1 n only pa/1 b prior to ! "t ref]r$ to by ! v]b return$1 to :i* x relates4 ,by ! ?irte5? rule ( syntax1 :5 v]bs are us$ t1 9 po9t ( "t1 relate to ea* o!r1 ! ord] ( "t %\ld be obs]v$4 ,! imp]fect t5se visit$ %\ld !re=e h be5 _h visit$1 9 ! plup]fect t5se1 repres5t+ ! action ( visit+1 n only z pa/1 b also z prior to ! "t ( return+4 ,! s5t5ce correct$ w\ld /& ?us3 ',aft] ,i _h visit$ ,europe1 ,i return$ to ,am]ica4'--,gr41 ii1 p4 #ai2 & ,ex4 #abmo1 p4 xii4 ,^! are ! fir/ two examples ( ,murray's v]bal corrections1 & ! only ones reta9$ by ,alg]1 9 8 improv$1 recopy-right$ edition ( ,murray's ,ex]cises4 ,yet1 9 ea* ( !m1 is ! argum5tation palpably false6 ,9 ! =m]1 truly1 :i* %\ld be :o2 b n because :i* is ( ! neut] g5d]2 b because ! application ( t relative to p]sons1 is n[ ne>ly obsolete4 ,c any gramm>ian =get t1 9 speak+ ( brute animals1 male or female1 we commonly use :i*1 & nev] :o8 ,b if :i* mu/ ne$s be neut]1 ! _w is wrong 9 ?is4--,z = ! latt] example1 x is "r z x /&s2 & ! correction is1 9 "s sort1 tautological4 ,! conjunctive adv]b aft] makes "o ( ! actions subsequ5t to ! o!r1 & gives to ! visit+ all ! priority t is signifi$ by ! plup]fect t5se4 ,aft] ,i visit$ ,europe1 is equival5t to ,:5 ,i _h visit$ ,europe4 ,! :ole argum5t is !re=e void4#fc #cc4 ,^! few brief illu/rations1 out ( ?\s&s t might be adduc$ 9 pro( ( ! fault9ess ( ! common manuals1 ! au?or has reluctantly introduc$1 to %[ t ev5 9 ! mo/ popul> books1 ) all ! pret5d$ improvem5ts ( revis]s1 ! gramm> ( our language has nev] be5 treat$ ) t c>e & ability :i* its importance dem&s4 ,x is h>dly to be suppos$ t m5 unus$ to a tea*]'s duties1 c be qualifi$ to compose su* books z w mo/ facilitate 8 lab\rs4 ,practice is a bett] pilot ?an !ory4 ,& :ile1 9 respect to gramm>1 ! consci\sness ( failure is con/antly induc+ *anges f "o sy/em to ano!r1 & almo/ daily giv+ bir? to new exp$i5ts z con/antly to end 9 ! same disappo9tm5t2 p]haps ! practical in/ructions ( an exp]i5c$ tea*]1 long & assidu\sly devot$ to ! /udy1 may approve !mselves to _m1 z seasonably supply+ ! aid & guidance :i* !y require4 #cd4 ,f ! doctr9es ( gramm>1 novelty is rigidly exclud$4 ,!y consi/ ( details to :i* ta/e c l5d no *>m1 & g5ius no embelli%m5t4 ,a writ] may express !m ) neatness & p]spicuity--_! importance alone c comm5d !m to notice4 ,yet1 9 draw+ 8 illu/rations f ! /ores ( lit]ature1 ! gramm>ian may select "s gems ( ?\ght1 :i* w fa/5 on ! memory a wor?y s5tim5t1 or relieve ! dullness ( m9ute in/ruction4 ,su* examples h be5 tak5 f v>i\s au?ors1 & int]sp]s$ ?r\gh ! foll[+ pages4 ,! moral effect ( e>ly lessons be+ a po9t ( ! utmo/ importance1 x is especially incumb5t on all ^? :o are endeav\r+ to conf] ! b5efits ( intellectual culture1 to gu>d aga9/ ! admission or ! inculcation ( any pr9ciple :i* may h an improp] t5d5cy1 & be ultimately prejudicial to ^? :om !y in/ruct4 ,9 prep>+ ?is treatise = publication1 ! au?or has be5 solicit\s to avoid e ?+ t c\ld be (f5sive to ! mo/ delicate & scrupul\s read]2 & ( ! sev]al ?\s&s ( quotations introduc$ = ! illu/ration or application ( ! pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce1 he tru/s t ! great] "p w be consid]$ valuable on acc\nt ( ! s5tim5ts !y conta94 #ce4 ,! nature ( ! subject almo/ entirely precludes inv5tion4 ,! au?or has1 h[ev]1 aim$ at t k9d & degree ( orig9ality :i* are to be comm5d$ 9 works ( ?is sort4 ,:at ^! are1 accord+ to 8 view1 he has suffici5tly expla9$ 9 a prec$+ *apt]4 ,&1 ?\gh he has tak5 ! lib]ty ( a gramm>ian1 to ?9k = himself & write 9 a /yle ( 8 own1 he tru/s x w be evid5t t few h excell$ him 9 dilig5ce ( rese>*1 or h foll[$ m implicitly ! dictates ( t au?ority :i* gives law to language4 ,9 criticis+ ! critics & grammati/s ( ! s*ools1 he has tak5 !m ^u _! own gr\nd--%[+ _! errors1 = ! mo/ "p1 9 contra/ ) ! common pr9ciples :i* !y !mselves h taught2 & has hop$ to escape c5sure1 9 8 turn1 n by %elt]+ himself "u ! "n ( a popul> ma/]1 b by a dilig5ce :i* %\ld secure to 8 writ+s at lea/ ! humble m]it ( self-consi/5cy4 ,8 progress 9 compos+ ?is "w has be5 sl[1 & n unatt5d$ ) lab\r & difficulty4 ,amid/ ! contr>ieties ( op9ion1 t appe> 9 ! v>i\s treatises already be=e ! public1 & ! p]plexities insep>able f s complicat$ a subject1 he has1 aft] delib]ate consid]ation1 adopt$ ^? views & explanations :i* appe>$ to him ! lea/ liable to objection1 & ! mo/ compatible ) 8 ultimate object--! production ( a "w :i* %\ld %[1 bo? ext5sively & accurately1 :at is1 & :at is n1 good ,engli%4 #cf4 ,! great art ( m]itori\s au?or%ip lies *iefly 9 ! cond5sation ( mu* valuable ?\ght into few words4 ,al?\gh ! au?or has "h all[$ himself ampl] room ?an be=e1 he has /ill be5 no less c>eful to /ore x ) su* in=mation z he tru/$ w\ld prev5t ! +5i\s read] f wi%+ its compass less4 ,he has compress$ into ?is volume ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( a mass ( mat]ials 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! book is /ill exce$+ly small4 ,! ef=t to d ?is1 has greatly multipli$ 8 own lab\r & long delay$ ! promis$ publication2 b 9 proportion z ?is object has be5 rea*$1 ! "t & pati5ce ( ! /ud5t mu/ h be5 sav$4 ,adequate comp5sation = ?is long toil1 has nev] be5 expect$4 ,:e!r f ?is p]=mance any pr(it %all accrue to ! au?or or n1 is a matt] ( little consequ5ce2 he has nei!r writt5 = bread1 nor on ! cr$it ( its proce$s built ca/les 9 ! air4 ,8 ambition 01 to make an acceptable book1 by :i* ! high] class ( /ud5ts might be ?or\ghly in/ruct$1 & 9 :i* ! eyes ( ! critical w\ld f9d little to condemn4 ,he is too well v]s$ 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 !me1 too well aw>e ( ! prec>i\s =tune ( au?ors1 to indulge 9 any confid5t anticipations ( extraord9>y success3 yet he w n d5y t 8 hopes are l>ge1 be+ consci\s ( hav+ *]i%$ !m ) a lib]ality ( feel+ :i* _c fe> disappo9tm5t4 ,9 ?is temp] he w\ld invite ! read] to a ?or\gh p]usal ( ^! pages4 #cg4 ,a gramm> %\ld speak = itself4 ,9 a "w ( ?is nature1 e ^w or tittle :i* does n recomm5d ! p]=mance to ! und]/&+ & ta/e ( ! skillful1 is1 s f> z x goes1 a c]tificate aga9/ x4 ,yet if "s small errors %all h escap$ detection1 let x be recollect$ t x is almo/ impossible to compose & pr9t1 ) p]fect accuracy1 a "w ( ?is size1 9 :i* s _m little ?+s %\ld be obs]v$1 rememb]$1 & made exactly to correspond4 ,!re is no human vigilance :i* multiplicity may n sometimes baffle1 & m9ut5ess sometimes elude4 ,to mo/ p]sons gramm> seems a dry & difficult subject2 b !re is a disposition ( m9d1 to :i* :at is ardu\s1 is = t v reason allur+4 ,quo difficilius1 hoc prcl>ius1 says ,cic]o2 ,! m difficult1 ! m hon\rable4 ,! m]it ( ca/+ up a high-way 9 a rugg$ l&1 is proportionate n m]ely to ! utility ( ! a*ievem5t1 b to ! magnitude ( ! ob/acles to be ov]come4 ,! difficulties enc\nt]$ 9 boyhood f ! use ( a mis]able epitome & ! deep impression ( a few mortify+ blund]s made 9 public1 fir/ gave ! au?or a fondness = gramm>2 circum/ances hav+ s9ce fav\r$ ?is turn ( 8 g5ius1 he has volunt>ily pursu$ ! /udy1 ) an assiduity :i* no man w ev] imitate = ! sake ( pecuni>y recomp5se4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,( ,,grammatical ,,def9itions4 ,sci5tiam autem nusquam esse c5sebant1 nisi 9 animi motionibus atque rationibus3 qu de caus def9itiones r]um probabant1 et has ad omnia1 de quibus disceptabatur1 adhibebant4--,,cic]onis ,academica1 ,lib4 i1 #i4 #a4 ,! fir/ & highe/ philosophy1 says ,puff5dorf1 is t :i* deliv]s ! mo/ accurate & compreh5sive def9itions ( ?+s4 ,_h all ! writ]s on ,engli% gramm> be5 adepts 9 ?is philosophy1 !re w\ld h be5 mu* less compla9t ( ! difficulty & unc]ta9ty ( ! /udy4 ,x is easy1 says ,murray1 to advance plausible objections aga9/ almo/ e def9ition1 rule1 & arrangem5t ( gramm>4--,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ei4 ,b1 if ?is is true1 z reg>ds 81 or any o!r "w1 ! reason1 ,i am p]suad$1 is f> less inh]5t 9 ! nature ( ! subject ?an _m h suppos$4#fd ,objectionable def9itions & rules are b evid5ces ( ! ignorance & incapacity ( him :o frames !m4 ,& if ! sci5ce ( gramm> has be5 s unskillfully treat$ t almo/ all its positions may be plausibly impugn$1 x is "t = "s attempt at a re=mation ( ! code4 ,! language is be=e u1 & he :o kn[s mo/ ab\t x1 c be/ prescribe ! rules :i* we ought to obs]ve 9 ! use ( x4 ,b h[ c we expect *ildr5 to d$uce f a few p>ticul>s an accurate notion ( g5]al pr9ciples & _! exceptions1 :]e le>n$ doctors h s (t5 falt]$8 ,let ! abettors ( grammatical induction answ]4 #b4 ,nor let x be suppos$ a light matt] to prescribe ) c]ta9ty ! pr9ciples ( gramm>4 ,=1 :at is requisite to ! p]=mance8 ,to "k c]ta9ly1 9 ! fir/ place1 :at is ! be/ usage4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,s5se & memory mu/ be ke51 & temp]$ to reta9 _! edge & hold1 9 spite ( any difficulties :i* ! subject may pres5t4 ,to und]/& ?+s exactly z !y are2 to disc]n ! diff]5ces by :i* !y may be di/+ui%$1 & ! resemblances by :i* !y ought to be classifi$2 to "k1 ?r\gh ! prop] evid5ces ( tru?1 t our ideas1 or conceptions1 are rightly con=mable to ! nature1 prop]ties1 & relations1 ( ! objects ( :i* we ?9k2 to see h[ t :i* is complex may be resolv$ into its elem5ts1 & t :i* is simple may ent] into comb9ation2 to obs]ve h[ t :i* is consequ5t may be trac$ to its cause1 & t :i* is regul> be taught by rule2 to le>n f ! cu/om ( spee* ! prop] connexion betwe5 words & ideas1 s z to give to ! =m] a j application1 to ! latt] an adequate expression1 & to ?+s a j description2 to h t p5etration :i* disc]ns :at t]ms1 ideas1 or ?+s1 are def9able1 & !re=e capable ( be+ taught1 & :at mu/ be left to ! tea*+ ( nature3 ^! are ! ess5tial qualifications = him :o w\ld =m good def9itions2 ^! are ! elem5ts ( t accuracy & compreh5siv5ess ( ?\ght1 to :i* allusion has be5 made1 & :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! fir/ & highe/ philosophy4 #c4 ,aga91 ) ref]5ce to ! cultivation ( ! m9d1 ,i w\ld add3 ,to obs]ve accurately ! appe>ances ( ?+s1 & ! significations ( words2 to le>n fir/ pr9ciples fir/1 & proce$ onw>d 9 su* a mann] t e new tru? may help to enlight5 & /r5g!n ! und]/&+2 & ?us to compreh5d gradually1 accord+ to our capacity1 :atsoev] may be br\ght )9 ! scope ( human intellect3--to d ^! ?+s1 ,i say1 is1 to asc5d by sure /eps1 s f> z we may1 f ! simple/ elem5ts ( sci5ce--:i*1 9 fact1 are our own1 orig9al1 undef9able notices ( ?+s--t[>ds ! v topmo/ height ( human wisdom & k4 ,! anci5t say+1 t tru? lies hid1 or 9 ! bottom ( a well1 mu/ n be tak5 )\t qualification2 = ! fir/ & highe/ philosophy has _m pr9ciples :i* ev5 a *ild may und]/&4 ,^! sev]al sugge/ions1 ! fir/ ( :i* ! ,b>on de ,puff5dorf ?\ght n unwor?y to introduce 8 great "w on ! ,law ( ,nature & ( ,nations1 ! read]1 if he please1 may be> 9 m9d1 z he p]uses ! foll[+ dige/ ( ! laws & usages ( spee*4 #d4 ,def9itions1 says ,duncan1 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,logic1 are int5d$ to make kn[n ! mean+ ( words /&+ = complex ideas2#fe & 7 we always c>eful to =m ^? ideas exactly 9 our m9ds1 & copy our def9itions f t appe>ance1 mu* ( ! confusion & obscurity compla9$ ( 9 languages might be prev5t$4--,p4 #gj4 ,aga9 he says3 ,! writ+s ( ! ma!maticians are a cle> pro(1 h[ mu* ! advancem5t ( human k dep5ds ^u a "r use ( def9itions4--,p4 #gb4 ,ma!matical sci5ce has be5 suppos$ to be1 9 its own nature1 t :i* is be/ calculat$ to develop & /r5g!n ! reason+ faculty2 b1 z spee* is emphatically ! disc\rse ( reason1 ,i am p]suad$1 t _h ! gramm>ians be5 equally cle> & logical 9 _! in/ructions1 _! sci5ce w\ld nev] h be5 acc\nt$ inf]ior 9 ?is respect4 ,gramm> is p]haps ! mo/ compreh5sive ( all /udies2 b x is *iefly ow+ to ! unskillfulness ( in/ructors1 & to ! errors & defects ( ! sy/ems 9 use1 t x is commonly reg>d$ z ! mo/ dry & difficult4 #e4 ,poor ,scalig] 7:o well knew :at a def9ition %\ld be7 f 8 own melan*oly exp]i5ce exclaim$--',nihil infelicius grammatico def9itore6' ,no?+ is m unhappy ?an ! grammatical def9]4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bch4 ,nor d our lat] tea*]s appe> to h be5 m =tunate 9 ?is matt]4 ,a majority ( all ! def9itions & rules conta9$ 9 ! great multitude ( ,engli% gramm>s :i* ,i h exam9$1 are1 9 "s respect or o!r1 errone\s4 ,! nature ( _! multitud9\s faults1 ,i mu/ 9 g5]al leave to ! disc]nm5t ( ! read]1 except ! passages be su* z may be suitably select$ = examples ( false syntax4 ,en\gh1 h[ev]1 w be exhibit$1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is volume1 to make ! =ego+ allegation cr$ible2 & ( ! re/ a m accurate judgem5t may p]haps be =m$1 :5 !y %all h be5 comp>$ ) :at ?is "w w pres5t z sub/itutes4 ,! importance ( giv+ correct def9itions to philological t]ms1 & ( /at+ ) p]fect accuracy :atsoev] is to be le>n$ z doctr9e1 has nev] be5 duly appreciat$4 ,! gr& s\rce ( ! di%e>t5+ difficulties enc\nt]$ by boys 9 ! /udy ( gramm>1 lies 9 _! ignorance ( ! mean+ ( words4 ,?is cause ( emb>rassm5t is n to be %unn$ & left unt\*$2 b1 z f> z possible1 x ought to be remov$4 ,9 tea*+ gramm>1 or inde$ any o!r sci5ce1 we _c avoid ! use ( _m t]ms to :i* "y le>n]s may h atta*$ no ideas4 ,be+ little incl9$ or accu/om$ to reflection1 !y (t5 he>1 read1 or ev5 rehe>se f memory1 ! pla9e/ language t c be utt]$1 & yet h no v di/9ct appreh5sion ( :at x means4 ,:at m>vel !n1 t 9 a /udy ab\nd+ ) t]ms tak5 9 a peculi> or te*nical s5se1 _m ( :i*1 9 ! common manuals1 are ei!r left undef9$1 or are expla9$ b loosely or errone\sly1 !y %\ld (t5 be greatly puzzl$1 & sometimes totally disc\rag$8 #f4 ,simple ideas are d]iv$1 n f tea*+1 b f s5sation or consci\sness2 b complex ideas1 or ! notions :i* we h ( su* ?+s z consi/ ( v>i\s p>ts1 or su* z /& 9 any kn[n relations1 are def9able4 ,a p]son c h no bett] def9ition ( heat1 or ( motion1 ?an :at he w naturally get by mov+ t[>ds a fire4 ,n s ( our complex or g5]al ideas1 :i* con/itute sci5ce4 ,! prop] objects ( sci5tific in/ruction consi/ 9 ^? g5u9e p]ceptions ( pure m9d1 :i* =m ! true mean+ ( g5]ic names1 or common n\ns2 & he :o is prop]ly qualifi$ to tea*1 c = ! mo/ "p readily tell :at %\ld be und]/ood by su* words4 ,b are n _m tea*]s too c>eless "h8 ,= in/ance3 a boy comm5c+ ! process ( calculation1 is fir/ told1 t1 ,ari?metic is ! art ( comput+ by numb]s1 :i* s5t5ce he p>tly und]/&s2 b %\ld he ask 8 tea*]1 ,:at is a numb]1 9 ari?metic8 :at answ] w he get8 ,7 ,goold ,br[n s ask$1 he w\ld simply say1 ,a numb]1 9 ari?metic1 is an expression t tells h[ _m2 = e expression t tells h[ _m1 is a numb] 9 ari?metic1 & no?+ else is4 ,b z no su* def9ition is conta9$ 9 ! books1#ff !re are t5 *ances to "o1 t1 simple z ! matt] is1 ! readie/ ma/] y %all f9d1 w give an errone\s answ]4 ,suppose ! tea*] %\ld say1 ,t is a "q :i* ,i h n ?\ght (2 turn to y\r diction>y4 ,! boy reads f ,dr4 ,web/]3 ,,numb]--! designation ( a unit 9 ref]5ce to o!r units1 or 9 reckon+1 c\nt+1 enum]at+4--,yes1 replies ! ma/]1 t is x2 ,dr4 ,web/] is unrivall$ 9 giv+ def9itions4 ,n[1 has ! boy be5 in/ruct$1 or only puzzl$8 ,c he conceive h[ ! numb] five c be a unit8 or h[ ! ^w five1 ! figure #e1 or ! num]al lett] ,v1 is ! designation ( a unit8 ,he kn[s t ea* ( ^! is a numb]1 & t ! oral monosyllable five is ! same numb]1 9 an o!r =m2 b is /ill z mu* at a loss = a prop] answ] to 8 "q1 z if he _h nev] se5 ei!r s*oolma/] or diction>y4 ,s is x ) a va/ numb] ( ! simple/ ?+s 9 gramm>4 #g4 ,s9ce :at we d5om9ate sci5tific t]ms1 are seldom1 if ev]1 su* z /& = ideas simple & undef9able2 & s9ce _m ( ^? :i* repres5t g5]al ideas1 or classes ( objects1 may be made to /& = m or few] ?+s1 accord+ to ! au?or's notion ( classification2 x is suffici5tly manife/ t ! only process by :i* in/ruction c effectually rea* ! und]/&+ ( ! pupil & remove ! difficulties spok5 (1 is t ( deliv]+ accurate def9itions4 ,^! are requisite = ! in=mation & direction ( ! le>n]2 & ^! mu/ be ?or\ghly impress$ ^u 8 m9d1 z ! only means by :i* he c "k exactly h[ mu* & :at he is to und]/& by our words4 ,! p[] :i* we possess1 ( mak+ kn[n all our complex or g5]al ideas ( ?+s by means ( def9itions1 is a faculty wisely contriv$ 9 ! nature ( language1 = ! increase & spread ( sci5ce2 &1 9 ! h&s ( ! skillful1 x is ( va/ avail to ^! ends4 ,x is ! fir/ & highe/ philosophy1 in/ruct+ mank9d1 to ?9k cle>ly & speak accurately2 z well z to "k def9itely1 9 ! unity & p]man5ce ( a g5]al nature1 ^? ?+s :i* nev] c\ld be kn[n or spok5 ( z ! individuals ( an inf9ite & fleet+ multitude4 #h4 ,&1 )\t contradiction1 ! %orte/ & mo/ successful way ( tea*+ ! "y m9d to di/+ui% ?+s accord+ to _! prop] diff]5ces1 & to "n or describe !m aright1 is1 to tell 9 direct t]ms :at !y sev]ally are4 ,cic]o intimates t all in/ruction appeal+ to reason ought to proce$ 9 ?is mann]3 ,omnis enim quse ratione suscipitur de re aliqua in/itutio1 debet def9itione pr(icisci1 ut intelligatur quid sit id1 de quo disputetur4--,(f4 ,lib4 i1 p4 #d4 ,lit]ally ?us3 ,= all in/ruction :i* f reason is und]tak5 conc]n+ any ?+1 ought to proce$ f a def9ition1 t x may be und]/ood :at ! ?+ is1 ab\t :i* ! speak] is argu+4 ,little advantage1 h[ev]1 w be d]iv$ f any def9ition1 :i* is n1 z ,qu9tilian w\ld h x1 ,lucida et succ9cta rei descriptio1--a cle> & brief description ( ! ?+4 #i4 ,let x "h be obs]v$ t sci5tific def9itions are ( ?+s1 & n m]ely ( words2 or if equally ( words & ?+s1 !y are r ( n\ns ?an ( ! o!r p>ts ( spee*4 ,= a def9ition1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 consi/s n 9 a m]e *ange or explanation ( ! v]bal sign1 b 9 a direct & true answ] to ! "q1 ,:at is su* or su* a ?+8 ,9 respect to its ext5t1 x mu/ ) equal exactness include e ?+ :i* comes "u ! "n1 & exclude e ?+ :i* does n come "u ! "n3 !n w x p]fectly s]ve ! purpose = :i* x is int5d$4 ,to furni% su* def9itions1 7z ,i h sugge/$17 is "w = ^? :o are capable ( great accuracy bo? ( ?\ght & expression4 ,^? :o w\ld qualify !mselves = tea*+ any p>ticul> bran* ( k1 %\ld make x _! fir/ conc]n to acquire cle> & accurate ideas ( all ?+s t ought to be embrac$ 9 _! in/ructions4 ,^! ideas are to be ga9$1 ei!r by contemplation ^u ! ?+s !mselves z !y are pres5t$ naturally1 or by ! /udy ( ^? books 9 :i* !y are rationally & cle>ly expla9$4 ,nor w su* /udy ev] be irksome to him ^: g5]\s desire aft] k1 is ?us des]v$ly gratifi$4 #aj4 ,b x mu/ be und]/ood1 t al?\gh sci5tific def9itions are said to be ( ?+s1 !y are n copi$ imm$iately f ! real ess5ce ( ! ?+s1 b are =m$ f ! conceptions ( ! au?or's m9d conc]n+ t ess5ce4 ,h5ce1 z ,duncan ju/ly rem>ks1 ,a mi/ak5 idea nev] fails to occasion a mi/ake also 9 ! def9ition4 ,h5ce1 too1 ! common di/9ction ( ! logicians1 betwe5 def9itions ( ! "n & def9itions ( ! ?+1 seems to h little or no f\ndation4 ,! =m] t]m !y appli$ to ^? def9itions :i* describe ! objects ( pure intellection1 su* z triangles1 & o!r geometrical figures2 ! latt]1 to ^? :i* def9e objects actually exi/+ 9 ext]nal nature4 ,! ma!matical def9itions1 s not$ = _! c]ta9ty & complet5ess1 h be5 suppos$ to h "s peculi> prem95ce1 z belong+ to ! =m] class4 ,b1 9 fact ! idea ( a triangle exi/s z sub/antively 9 ! m9d1 z t ( a tree1 if n inde$ m s2 & if ,i def9e ^! two objects1 my description w1 9 ei!r case1 be equally a def9ition bo? ( ! "n & ( ! ?+2 b 9 nei!r1 is x copi$ f any ?+ else ?an t notion :i* ,i h conceiv$1 ( ! common prop]ties ( all triangles or ( all trees4 #aa4 ,inf9itives1 & "s o!r t]ms n call$ n\ns1 may be tak5 ab/ractly or sub/antively1 s z to admit ( :at may be consid]$ a regul> def9ition2 ?us ! "q1 ,:at is x to read8 is ne>ly ! same z1 ,:at is read+8 ,:at is x to be wise8 is little diff]5t f1 ,:at is wisdom8 & a true answ] might be1 9 ei!r case1 a true def9ition4 ,nor are ^? m]e translations or explanations ( words1 ) :i* our diction>ies & vocabul>ies ab\nd1 to be disp5s$ ) 9 tea*+3 !y prep>e ! /ud5t to read v>i\s au?ors ) facility1 & furni% him ) a bett] *oice ( t]ms1 :5 he attempts to write4 ,& 9 mak+ su* *oice1 let him rememb]1 t z affectation ( h>d words makes composition ridicul\s1 s ! affectation ( easy & common ones may make x unmanly4 ,b n to digress4 ,) respect to gramm>1 we mu/ sometimes cont5t ourselves ) su* explications ( its cu/om>y t]ms1 z _c claim to be p]fect def9itions2 = ! mo/ common & famili> ?+s are n always ^? :i* x is ! mo/ easy to def9e4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,johnson 0 ask$1 ,:at is poetry8 he repli$1 ,:y1 sir1 x is easi] to tell :at x is n4 ,we all "k :at light is3 b x is n easy to tell :at x is4--,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #djb4 ,?is 0 ?\ght by ! biograph] to h be5 well & +5i\sly said4 #ab4 ,b :5ev] we enc\nt] difficulties ( ?is sort1 x may be wor? :ile to seek = _! cause4 ,if we f9d x1 ! und]/&+ is no long] puzzl$4 ,dr4 ,johnson seem$ to 8 biograph]1 to %[1 by ?is ready answ]1 ! acut5ess ( 8 wit & disc]nm5t4 ,b did n ! wit consi/ 9 adroitly excus+ himself1 by an illusory comp>ison8 ,:at analogy is !re betwe5 ! ?+s :i* he comp>es8 ,( ! difficulty ( def9+ poetry1 & ! difficulty ( def9+ light1 ! reasons are z diff]5t z are ! two ?+s !mselves1 poetry & light4 ,! =m] is some?+ s v>i\s & complex t x is h>d to di/+ui% its ess5ce f its accid5ts2 ! latt] pres5ts an idea s p]fectly simple & unique t all m5 conceive ( x exactly 9 ! same way1 :ile none c %[ :]e9 x ess5tially consi/s4 ,b is x true1 t1 ,we all "k :at light is8 ,is x n r true1 t we "k no?+ at all ab\t x1 b :at x is j z easy to tell z to ?9k8 ,we "k x is t reflexible m$ium :i* enables u to see2 & ?is is def9ition en\gh = all b ! natively bl9d1 to :om no def9ition p]haps c ev] convey an adequate notion ( its use 9 respect to sight4 #ac4 ,if a p]son _c tell :at a ?+ is1 x is commonly consid]$ to be a fair inf]5ce1 t he does n "k4 ,w any gramm>ian say1 ,i "k well en\gh :at ! ?+ is1 b ,i _c tell8 ,yet1 tak5 ^u ?is common pr9ciple1 ! au?ors ( our ,engli% gramm>s1 7if 9 fram+ _! def9itions !y h n be5 grossly want+ to !mselves 9 ! ex]cise ( _! own art17 may be *>g$1 ,i ?9k1 ) great ignorance1 or great indi/9ctness ( appreh5sion2 & t1 too1 9 relation to _m ?+s among ! v simple/ elem5ts ( _! sci5ce4 ,= example3 ,is x n a disgrace to a man ( lett]s1 to be unable to tell accurately :at a lett] is8 ,yet to say1 ) ,l[?1 ,murray1 ,*ur*ill1 & a hundr$ o!rs ( inf]ior "n1 t1 ,a lett] is ! fir/ pr9ciple or lea/ "p ( a ^w1 is to utt] :at is nei!r good ,engli% nor true doctr9e4 ,! two articles a & ! are "h inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r4 ,a lett] is "o lett]1 any lett]2 b ! fir/ pr9ciple ( a ^w is1 surely1 n "o or any pr9ciple tak5 indef9itely4 ,equivocal z ! phrase is1 x mu/ mean ei!r "s p>ticul> pr9ciple1 or "s p>ticul> fir/ pr9ciple1 ( a ^w2 &1 tak5 ei!r way1 ! ass]tion is false4 ,= x is manife/1 t 9 no s5se c we affirm ( ea* ( ! lett]s ( a ^w1 t x is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( t ^w4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ^w man4 ,is m ! fir/ pr9ciple ( ?is ^w8 ,y may answ]1 ,yes2 = x is ! fir/ lett]4 ,is a ! fir/ pr9ciple8 ,no2 x is ! second4 ,b n too is a lett]2 & is n ! fir/ pr9ciple8 ,no2 x is ! la/6 ,?is grammatical error might h be5 avoid$ by say+1 ,lett]s are ! fir/ pr9ciples1 or lea/ p>ts1 ( words4 ,b /ill ! def9ition w\ld n be true1 nor w\ld x answ] ! "q1 ,:at is a lett]8 ,! true answ] to :i* is3 ,a lett] is an alphabetic "*1 :i* commonly repres5ts "s elem5t>y s\nd ( human articulation1 or spee*4 #ad4 ,?is true def9ition suffici5tly di/+ui%es lett]s f ! m>ks us$ 9 punctuation1 because ! latt] are n alphabetic1 & !y repres5t sil5ce1 r ?an s\nd2 & also f ! ,arabic figures us$ = numb]s1 because ^! are no "p ( any alphabet1 & !y repres5t c]ta9 entire words1 no "o ( :i* consi/s only ( "o lett]1 or ( a s+le elem5t ( articulation4 ,! same may be said ( all ! *>act]s us$ = abbreviation2 z1 = &1 = doll>s1 or ! m>ks peculi> to ma!maticians1 to a/ronom]s1 to druggi/s1 c4 ,none ( ^! are alphabetic1 & !y repres5t significant words1 & n s+le elem5t>y s\nds3 x w\ld be great dullness1 to assume t a ^w & an elem5t>y s\nd are "o & ! same ?+4 ,b ! read] w obs]ve t ?is def9ition embraces no idea conta9$ 9 ! faulty "o to :i* ,i am object+2 nei!r inde$ c\ld x1 )\t a blund]4 ,s wide f ! m>k is t notion ( a lett]1 :i* ! popul>ity ( ,dr4 ,l[? & 8 copyi/s has made a hundr$-fold m common ?an any o!r6#fg ,accord+ to an o!r errone\s def9ition giv5 by ^! same g5tlem51 ,words are articulate s\nds1 us$ by common cons5t1 z signs ( our ideas4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bb2 ,kirkham's1 #bj2 ,+]soll's1 #g2 ,alg]'s1 #ab2 ,russell's1 #g2 ,m]*ant's1 #i2 ,fisk's1 #aa2 ,gre5leaf's1 #bj2 & _m o!rs4 ,see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #f2 f :i* almo/ all au?ors h tak5 ! notion1 t words consi/ ( s\nds only4 ,b lett]s are no pr9ciples or p>ts ( s\nds at all2 unless y w ei!r h visible m>ks to be s\nds1 or ! sign to be a pr9ciple or "p ( ! ?+ signifi$4 ,nor are !y always pr9ciples or p>ts ( words3 we sometimes write :at is n a ^w2 z :51 by lett]s1 we d5ote pronunciation alone1 or imitate brute voices4 ,if words 7 =m$ ( articulate s\nds only1 !y c\ld n exi/ 9 books1 or be 9 any wise kn[n to ! deaf & dumb4 ,^! two prim>y def9itions1 !n1 are bo? false2 &1 tak5 toge!r1 !y involve ! absurdity ( divid+ ?+s ackn[l$g$ to be indivisible4 ,9 utt]ance1 we _c divide consonants f _! v[els2 on pap]1 we c4 ,h5ce lett]s are ! lea/ p>ts ( writt5 language only2 b ! lea/ p>ts ( spok5 words are syllables1 & n lett]s4 ,e def9ition ( a consonant implies ?is4 #ae4 ,!y :o _c def9e a lett] or a ^w1 may be expect$ to err 9 expla9+ o!r grammatical t]ms4 ,9 my op9ion1 no?+ is well writt51 t c possibly be misund]/ood2 & if any def9ition be likely to sugge/ a wrong idea1 ?is alone is en\gh to condemn x3 nor does x ju/ify ! phraseology1 to say1 t a m reasonable con/ruction c be put ^u x4 ,by ,murray & o!rs1 ! "y le>n] is told1 t1 ,a v[el is an articulate s\nd1 t c be p]fectly utt]$ by itself2 z if a v[el 7 no?+ b a s\nd1 & t a sort ( e*o1 :i* c utt] itself2 & next1 t1 ,a consonant is an articulate s\nd1 :i* _c be p]fectly utt]$ )\t ! help ( a v[el4 ,n[1 by _! own %[+1 e lett] is ei!r a v[el or a consonant2 h5ce1 accord+ to ^! def9itions1 all ! lett]s are articulate s\nds4 ,&1 if s1 :at is a sil5t lett]8 ,x is a sil5t articulate s\nd6 ,aga93 ask a boy1 ,:at is a triph?ong8 ,he answ]s 9 ! words ( ,murray1 ,weld1 ,pond1 ,smi?1 ,adams1 ,kirkham1 ,m]*ant1 ,+]soll1 ,bacon1 ,alg]1 ,worce/]1 & o!rs3 ,a triph?ong is ! union ( ?ree v[els1 pron\nc$ 9 l mann]3 z eau 9 beau1 iew 9 view4 ,he accurately cites an entire p>agraph f 8 gramm>1 b does he well conceive h[ ! ?ree v[els 9 beau or view are pron\nc$ 9 l mann]8 ,aga93 ,a syllable is a s\nd1 ei!r simple or comp\nd1 pron\nc$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bb4 ,?is def9ition resolves syllables into s\nds2 :]eas _! true elem5ts are lett]s4 ,x also mi/akes ! p>ticiple comp\nd$ = ! adjective comp\nd2 :]eas ! latt] only is ! true rev]se ( simple4 ,a comp\nd s\nd is a s\nd compos$ ( o!rs :i* may be sep>at$2 a s\nd comp\nd$ is prop]ly t :i* is made an +r$i5t ) o!rs1 b :i* may itself be simple4 #af4 ,x is obs]vable1 t 9 _! attempts to expla9 ^! prime elem5ts ( gramm>1 ,murray1 & _m o!rs :o h copi$ him1 ov]look all writt5 language2 :]eas _! v sci5ce itself took its orig91 "n1 & nature1 f ! inv5tion ( writ+2 & has consequ5tly no be>+ ^u any dialect :i* has n be5 writt54 ,_! def9itions absurdly resolve lett]s1 v[els1 consonants1 syllables1 & words1 all into s\nds2 z if none ( ^! ?+s _h any exi/5ce on pap]1 or any significance to ^? :o read 9 sil5ce4 ,h5ce1 _! explanations ( all ^! elem5ts1 z well z ( _m o!r ?+s equally ess5tial to ! /udy1 are palpably errone\s4 ,i attribute ?is to ! c>elessness ) :i* m5 h compil$ or made up books ( gramm>2 & t c>elessness to ^? v>i\s circum/ances1 already describ$1 :i* h left dilig5ce 9 a gramm>ian no hope ( praise or rew>d4 ,)\t allud+ "h to my own books1 no "o be+ oblig$ to accuse himself1 ,i d\bt :e!r we h any s*ool gramm> t is mu* less objectionable 9 ?is respect1 ?an ,murray's2 & yet ,i am greatly mi/ak51 if n9e t5?s ( all ! def9itions 9 ,murray's sy/em are n faulty4 ,x 0 ?is sort ( def9itions1 :i* made ,scalig] say1 ',nihil infelicius def9itore grammatico4'--,see ,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cea2 also ,p>agraph #e?1 above4 #ag4 ,nor c ?is objection be neutraliz$ by say+1 x is a m]e matt] ( op9ion--a m]e prejudice orig9at+ 9 rivalry4 ,=1 ?\gh we h ample *oice ( t]ms1 & may frequ5tly assign to p>ticul> words a mean+ & an explanation :i* are 9 "s degree arbitr>y2 yet :5ev] we attempt to def9e ?+s "u ! "n :i* cu/om has positively fix$ ^u !m1 we are no long] left to arbitr>y explications2 b are b\nd to ?9k & to say t only :i* %all comm5d itself to ! und]/&+ ( o!rs1 z be+ altoge!r true to nature4 ,:5 a ^w is well und]/ood to d5ote a p>ticul> object or class ( objects1 ! def9ition ( x ought to be 9 /rict con=mity to :at is kn[n ( ! real be+ & prop]ties ( ! ?+ or ?+s contemplat$4 ,a def9ition ( ?is k9d is a proposition susceptible ( pro( & illu/ration2 & !re=e :atsoev] is errone\sly assum$ to be ! prop] mean+ ( su* a t]m1 may be refut$4 ,b ^? p]sons :o take e ?+ ^u tru/1 & *oose bo? to le>n & to tea* me*anically1 (t5 become s slavi%ly habituat$ to ! peculi> phraseology ( _! text-books1 t1 be ! absurdity ( a p>ticul> expression :at x may1 !y c nei!r discov] nor suspect any inaccuracy 9 x4 ,x is also v natural ev5 = m9ds m indep5d5t & acute1 to reg>d ) "s rev]5ce :atsoev] 0 gravely impress$ ^u !m 9 *ildhood4 ,h5ce ! necessity t all s*ool-books %\ld proce$ f skillful h&s4 ,in/ruction %\ld tell ?+s z !y are1 & nev] falt] ?r\gh neglig5ce4 #ah4 ,i h admitt$ t def9itions are n ! only means by :i* a g5]al k ( ! import ( language may be acquir$2 nor are !y ! only means by :i* ! acquisition ( su* k may be aid$4 ,to exhibit or po9t out ?+s & tell _! names1 con/itutes a l>ge "p ( t in/ruction by :i* ! mean+ ( words is convey$ to ! "y m9d2 &1 9 _m cases1 a m]e *ange or apposition ( t]ms may suffici5tly expla9 our idea4 ,b :5 we w\ld gu>d aga9/ ! possibility ( misappreh5sion1 & %[ precisely :at is meant by a ^w1 we mu/ fairly def9e x4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 9 e language1 _m words :i* d n admit ( a =mal def9ition4 ,! import ( all def9itive & connect+ p>ticles mu/ be le>n$ f usage1 translation1 or d]ivation2 & nature res]ves to h]self ! p[] ( expla9+ ! objects ( our simple orig9al p]ceptions4 ,all words /&+ = complex ideas are def9able2 b ^? by :i* we d5ote simple ideas1 are n4 ,= ! p]ceptions ( ?is latt] class1 hav+ no o!r entrance into ! m9d1 ?an by s5sation or reflection1 c be acquir$ only by exp]i5ce4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #fc4 ,& ?us we see1 t z our simple ideas are ! mat]ials & f\ndation ( k1 s ! names ( simple ideas may be consid]$ z ! elem5t>y p>ts ( language1 beyond :i* we _c trace ! mean+ & signification ( words4 ,:5 we come to !m1 we suppose ! ideas = :i* !y /& to be already kn[n2 or1 if !y are n1 exp]i5ce alone mu/ be consult$1 & n def9itions or explications4--,ibid41 p4 #fi4 #ai4 ,b ?is is no apology = ! defectiv5ess ( any def9ition :i* might be made correct1 or = ! effectiv5ess ( our ,engli% gramm>s1 9 ! frequ5t omission ( all explanation1 & ! m frequ5t adoption ( "s indirect =m ( expression4 ,x is (t5 mu* easi] to make "s loose obs]vation ^u :at is meant by a giv5 ^w or t]m 9 sci5ce1 ?an to frame a faultless def9ition ( ! ?+2 because x is easi] to ref] to "s ( ! relations1 qualities1 (fices1 or attributes ( ?+s1 ?an to disc]n :]e9 _! ess5ce consi/s1 s z to be able to tell directly & cle>ly :at !y are4 ,! improvem5t ( our grammatical code 9 ?is respect1 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal objects :i* ,i ?\ght x ne$ful to attempt1 :5 ,i fir/ took up ! p5 z a gramm>ian4 ,i _c pret5d to h se51 ( c\rse1 e def9ition & rule :i* has be5 publi%$ on ?is subject2 b1 if ,i d n misjudge a s]vice too humble = boa/+1 ,i h myself fram$ a great] numb] ( new or improv$ ones1 ?an all o!r ,engli% gramm>ians toge!r4 ,& n a few ( !m h1 s9ce _! fir/ publication 9 #ahbc1 be5 complim5t$ to a place 9 o!r gramm>s ?an my own4 ,?is is 9 good keep+ ) ! au?or%ip :i* has be5 spok5 ( 9 an o!r *apt]2 b ,i am con/ra9$ to say1 x af=ds no pro( t !y 7 well writt54 ,if x did1 ! def9itions & rules 9 ,murray's gramm> mu/ und\bt$ly be ?\ght ! mo/ correct t ev] h be5 giv53 !y h be5 m frequ5tly copi$ ?an any o!rs4 #bj4 ,b ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/1 t n9e t5?s ( ?is au?or's def9itions are bad1 or at lea/ susceptible ( "s am5dm5t4 ,if ?is c be %[n to ! satisfaction ( ! read]1 w he hope to f9d an o!r ,engli% gramm> 9 :i* ! eye ( criticism may n detect errors & defici5cies ) ! same ease8 ,my object is1 to en=ce att5tion to ! proprieties ( spee*2 & ?is is ! v purpose ( all gramm>4 ,to exhibit "h all ,murray's def9itions1 ) criticisms ^u !m1 w\ld deta9 u too long4 ,we mu/ !re=e be cont5t to take a "p ( !m z a sample4 ,&1 n to be accus$ ( fix+ only ^u ! wor/1 we w take a s]ies4 ,let u !n consid] 9 _! ord] 8 def9itions ( ! n9e p>ts ( spee*2--=1 call+ ! p>ticiple a v]b1 he r$uces ! sorts ( words to t numb]4 ,& ?\gh n "o ( 8 n9e def9itions n[ /&s exactly z x did 9 8 e>ly editions1 ,i ?9k x may be said1 t n "o ( !m is n[1 if x ev] has be51 express$ grammatically4 #ba4 ,,fir/ ,,def9ition3--,an ,article is a ^w prefix$ to sub/antives1 to po9t !m out1 & to %[ h[ f> _!#fh signification ext5ds4--,murray1 & o!rs1 f1 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,?is is obscure4 ,9 :at mann]1 or 9 :at respect1 does an article po9t out sub/antives8 ,to po9t !m out z su*1 or to %[ :i* words are sub/antives1 seems at fir/ view to be ! mean+ int5d$2 b x is said soon aft]1 ,a or an is us$ 9 a vague s5se1 to po9t out "o s+le ?+ ( ! k9d1 9 o!r respects indet]m9ate2 z1 ',give me a book2' ',br+ me an apple4'--,l[?1 p4 #aa2 ,murray1 p4 #ca4 ,& aga93 ,x is ( ! nature ( bo? ! articles to det]m9e or limit ! ?+ spok5 (4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #agj4 ,n[ to po9t out n\ns among ! p>ts ( spee*1 & to po9t out ?+s z individuals ( _! class1 are v diff]5t matt]s2 & :i* ( ^! is ! purpose = :i* articles are us$1 accord+ to ,l[? & ,murray8 ,_! def9ition says ! =m]1 _! explanations imply ! latt]2 & ,i am unable to det]m9e :i* !y really meant4 ,! t]m plac$ be=e w\ld h be5 bett] ?an prefix$2 because ! latt] commonly implies junction1 z well z location4 ,! ^w indet]m9ate is n a v easy "o = a boy2 &1 :5 he has f\nd out :at x means1 he may possibly n "k to :i* ( ! f\r prec$+ n\ns x ought to be ref]r$3--9 a vague s5se1 to po9t out "o s+le ?+ ( ! k9d1 9 o!r respects indet]m9ate4 ,:at is ?is vague s5se8 & :at is x1 t is indet]m9ate8 #bb4 ,,second ,,def9ition3--,a ,sub/antive or ,n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ t exi/s1 or ( :i* we h any notion4--,murray1 & o!rs4 ,accord+ to 8 own syntax1 ?is s5t5ce ( ,murray's is wrong2 = he himself sugge/s1 t :5 two or m relative clauses ref] to ! same antec$5t1 ! same pron\n %\ld be us$ 9 ea*4 ,( clauses connect$ l ^!1 ?is is true4 ,he %\ld !re=e h said1 ,a ,sub/antive1 or ,n\n1 is ! "n ( any ?+ :i* exi/s1 or ( :i* we h any notion4 ,8 rule1 h[ev]1 ?\gh good aga9/ a text l ?is1 is utt]ly wrong 9 reg>d to _m o!rs1 & n v accurate 9 tak+ two = a s]ies ?us3 ,:atev] relative is us$1 9 "o ( a s]ies ( clauses relat+ to ! same antec$5t1 ! same relative ought1 g5]ally to be us$ 9 !m all4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ?is rule is violat$3 ',x is rem>kable1 t ,holl&1 aga9/ :i* ! w> 0 und]tak51 & t1 9 ! v beg9n+1 0 r$uc$ to ! br9k ( de/ruction1 lo/ no?+4' ,! clause ought to h be51 '& :i* 9 ! v beg9n+4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aee4 ,b bo? ! rule & ! example1 badly z !y correspond1 7 borr[$ f ,prie/ley's ,gramm>1 p4 #ajb1 :]e ! text /&s ?us3 ,:atev] relative be us$1 9 "o ( a s]ies ( clauses1 relat+ to ! same antec$5t1 ! same ought to be us$ 9 !m all4 ',x is rem>kable1 t ,holl&1' c4 #bc4 ,,?ird ,,def9ition3--,an ,adjective is a ^w add$ to a sub/antive1 to express its quality4--,l[?1 ,murray1 ,bullions1 ,pond1 & o!rs4 ,"h we h ! *oice ( two mean+s2 b nei!r ( !m is accord+ to tru?4 ,x seems d\btful :e!r its quality is ! adjective's quality1 or ! sub/antive's2 b 9 ei!r s5se1 ! phrase is false2 = an adjective is add$ to a n\n1 n to express any quality ei!r ( ! adjective or ( ! n\n1 b to express "s quality ( ! ?+ signifi$ by ! n\n4 ,b ! def9ition is too mu* re/rict$2 = adjectives may be add$ to pron\ns z well z to n\ns1 nor d !y always express quality4 #bd4 ,,f\r? ,,def9ition3--,a ,pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n1 to avoid ! too frequ5t repetition ( ! same ^w4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #be2 ,murray's1 #bh & #ej2 ,felton's1 #ah2 ,alg]'s1 #ac2 ,bacon's1 #aj2 & o!rs4 ,! latt] "p ( ?is s5t5ce is ne$less1 & also conta9s sev]al errors4 #a4 ,! v]b avoid is c]ta9ly v ill-*os52 because x implies intellig5t ag5cy1 & n t :i* is m]ely in/rum5tal4 #b4 ,! article ! is misemploy$ = a2 =1 ! too frequ5t repetition1 %\ld mean "s p>ticul> too frequ5t repetition--an idea n int5d$ "h1 & 9 itself n f> f absurdity4 #c4 ,! phrase1 ! same ^w may apply to ! pron\n itself z well z to ! n\n3 9 say+1 ,i came1 ,i saw1 ,i conqu]$1 !re is z frequ5t a repetition ( ! same ^w1 z 9 say+1 ,cs> came1 ,cs> saw1 ,cs> conqu]$4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! latt] "p ( ?is def9ition mu/ be reta9$1 ! :ole %\ld be writt5 ?us3 ,a ,pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n1 to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( x4 #be4 ,,fif? ,,def9ition3--,a ,v]b is a ^w :i* signifies to be1 to d1 or to suff]--,l[?1 ,murray1 & o!rs4 ,,note3--,a v]b may g5]ally be di/+ui%$ by its mak+ s5se ) any ( ! p]sonal pron\ns1 or ! ^w to be=e x4--,murray1 & o!rs4 ,x is confess$ly difficult to give a p]fect def9ition ( a v]b2 & if1 ) ,murray1 we w h ! p>ticiples to be v]bs1 !re mu/ be no small difficulty 9 =m+ "o t %all be tol]able4 ,aga9/ ! =ego+ old explanation1 x may be object$1 t ! phrase to suff]1 be+ n[ und]/ood 9 a m limit$ s5se ?an =m]ly1 does n well express ! nature or import ( a passive v]b4 ,i h said1 ,a ,v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,*ildr5 _c readily und]/&1 h[ e ?+ t is 9 any way act$ ^u1 may be said to suff]4 ,! p>ticiple1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld be tak5 z a di/9ct "p ( spee*1 & h its own def9ition4 ,! note add$ by ,murray to 8 def9ition ( a v]b1 w\ld prove ! p>ticiple n to be includ$ 9 ?is "p ( spee*1 & ?us practically contradict 8 s*eme4 ,x is also objectionable 9 respect to con/ruction4 ,! phrase by its mak+ s5se is at lea/ v que/ionable ,engli%2 = its mak+ supposes mak+ to be a n\n1 & mak+ s5se supposes x to be an active p>ticiple4 ,b ,l[? says1 ,let x be ei!r ! "o or ! o!r1 & abide by its own con/ruction4 ,nay1 ! au?or himself1 ?\gh he !re9 contradicts an o!r note ( 8 own1 virtually condemns ! phrase1 by 8 caution to ! le>n] aga9/ treat+ words 9 +1 z if !y 7 ( an amphibi\s species1 p>tly n\ns & p>tly v]bs4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aic4 #bf4 ,,six? ,,def9ition3--,an ,adv]b is a "p ( spee* jo9$ to a v]b1 an adjective1 & sometimes to ano!r adv]b1 to express "s quality or circum/ance respect+ x4--,murray's ,gram41 pp4 #bh & #aad4 ,see ,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,?is def9ition conta9s _m errors2 "s ( :i* are gross blund]s4 #a4 ,! fir/ ^w1 ,an1 is errone\sly put = ,!3 an adv]b is "o adv]b1 n ! :ole class2 &1 if1 ,an adv]b is a "p ( spee*1 any & e adv]b is a "p ( spee*2 !n1 h[ _m p>ts ( spee* are !re8 #b4 ,! ^w jo9$ is n well *os52 =1 ) ! exception ( n 9 _c1 ! adv]b is v r>ely jo9$ to ! ^w to :i* x relates4 #c4 ,! want ( a comma be=e jo9$1 p]v]ts ! con/ruction2 = ! phrase1 spee* jo9$ to a v]b1 is nons5se2 & to suppose jo9$ to relate to ! n\n "p1 is n mu* bett]4 #d4 ,! ^w & %\ld be or2 because no adv]b is ev] add$ to ?ree or f\r diff]5t t]ms at once4 #e4 ,! ^w sometimes %\ld be omitt$2 because x is ne$less1 & because x is inconsi/5t ) ! only conjunction :i* w make ! def9ition true4 #f4 ,! preposition to %\ld ei!r be ins]t$ be=e an adjective1 or suppress$ be=e ! t]m :i* foll[s2 = :5 sev]al words occur 9 ! same con/ruction1 uni=mity ( expression is desirable4 #g4 ,= ! same reason1 7if cu/om may be ?us f> con=m$ to analogy17 ! article an ought1 9 cases l ?is1 if n always1 to be sep>at$ f ! ^w o!r2 ?us1 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b4 ,7 ! eye n famili> ) x1 ano!r w\ld be ?\ght z irregul> z !o!r4 #h4 ,! ^w quality is wrong2 = no adv]b ev] expresses any quality1 z su*2 qualities are express$ by adjectives1 & nev]1 9 any direct mann]1 by adv]bs4 #i4 ,! circum/ances :i* we express by adv]bs nev] belong to ! words1 z ?is def9ition av]s t !y d1 b always to ! actions or qualities :i* ! words signify4 #aj4 ,! pron\n x1 accord+ to ,murray's second rule ( syntax1 ought to be !m1 & s x /&s 9 8 own e>ly editions2 b if & be *ang$ to or1 z ,i h said x %\ld be1 ! pron\n x w be "r4 #bg4 ,,sev5? ,,def9ition3--,prepositions s]ve to connect words ) "o ano!r1 & to %[ ! relation betwe5 !m4--,l[?1 ,murray1 & o!rs4 ,?is is only an obs]vation1 n a def9ition1 z x ought to h be52 nor does x at all di/+ui% ! preposition f ! conjunction4 ,x does n rea* ! ?+ 9 "q4 ,besides1 x conta9s an actual solecism 9 ! expression4 ,! ^w betwe5 implies b two ?+s2 & ! phrase "o ano!r is n applicable :]e !re are b two4 ,x %\ld be1 to connect words ) ea* o!r1 & to %[ ! relation betwe5 !m2--or else1 to connect words ) "o an o!r1 & to %[ ! relations among !m4 ,b ! latt] mode ( expression w\ld n apply to prepositions consid]$ sev]ally1 b only to ! :ole class4 #bh4 ,,eigh? ,,def9ition3--,a ,conjunction is a "p ( spee* t is *iefly us$ to connect s5t5ces2 s z1 out ( two or m s5t5ces1 to make b "o3 x sometimes connects only words4--,murray1 & o!rs4 ,"h are m ?an ?irty words1 awkw>dly & loosely /rung toge!r2 & all t is said 9 !m1 might be mu* bett] express$ 9 half ! numb]4 ,= example3 ,a ,conjunction is a ^w :i* connects o!r t]ms1 & commonly ( two s5t5ces makes b "o4 ,b v]bosity & want ( unity are n ! wor/ faults ( ?is def9ition4 ,we h ?ree o!rs to po9t out4 #a4 ,a conjunction is n a "p ( spee*2 because a conjunction is "o conjunction1 & a "p ( spee* is a :ole class1 or sort1 ( words4 ,a simil> error 0 notic$ 9 ,murray's def9ition ( an adv]b2 & s common has ?is blund] become1 t by a comp>ison ( ! def9itions :i* diff]5t au?ors h giv5 ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 probably x w be f\nd1 t1 by "s h& or o!r1 e "o ( ! t5 has be5 comm5c$ 9 ?is way4 #b4 ,! words or m are errone\s1 & ought to be omitt$2 = no "o conjunction c connect m ?an two t]ms1 9 t consecutive ord] :i* ! s5se requires4 ,?ree or m simple s5t5ces may inde$ =m a comp\nd s5t5ce2 b1 z !y _c be jo9$ 9 a clu/]1 !y mu/ h two or m connectives4 #c4 ,! la/ clause errone\sly sugge/s1 t any or e conjunction sometimes connects only words2 b ! conjunctions :i* may connect only words1 are n m ?an five1 :]eas ^? :i* connect only s5t5ces are f\r times z _m4 #bi4 ,,n9? ,,def9ition3--,int]jections are words ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 to express ! passions or emotions ( ! speak]2 z1 ',o ,virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art6'--,murray1 & _m o!rs4 ,?is def9ition1 :i* has be5 copi$ f gramm> to gramm>1 & committ$ to memory millions ( times1 is obvi\sly errone\s1 & directly contradict$ by ! example4 ,int]jections1 ?\gh (t5 en\gh ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a disc\rse1 are v r>ely ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce4 ,!y m frequ5tly occur at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce ?an any :]e else2 &1 9 su* cases1 !y d n come "u ?is n>r[ def9ition4 ,! au?or1 at ! head ( 8 *apt] on int]jections1 app5ds to ?is def9ition two o!r examples2 bo? ( :i* contradict x 9 l mann]3 ,oh6 ,i h ali5at$ my fri5d4--,alas6 ,i fe> = life4 ,aga93 ,int]jections are us$ occasionally1 9 writt51 z well z 9 oral disc\rse2 nor are !y less indicative ( ! emotions ( ! writ]1 ?an ( ^? ( ! speak]4 #cj4 ,i h ?us exhibit$1 ) all int5tional fairness ( criticism1 ! entire s]ies ( ^! n9e prim>y def9itions2 & ! read] may judge :e!r !y su/a9 ! praises :i* h be5 be/[$ on ! book1#fi or confirm ! allegations :i* ,i h made aga9/ x4 ,he w und]/& t my design is1 "h1 z well z 9 ! body ( ?is "w1 to tea* gramm> practically1 by rectify+1 s f> z ,i may1 all sorts ( mi/akes ei!r 9 x or respect+ x2 to compose a book :i*1 by a cond5s$ exposition ( su* errors z are commonly f\nd 9 o!r gramm>s1 w at once %[ ! ne$ we h ( a bett]1 & be itself a fit sub/itute = ! pr9cipal treatises :i* x c5sures4 ,grammatical errors are univ]sally consid]$ to be small game = critics4 ,!y mu/ !re=e be v closely gr\p$ toge!r1 to be wor? _! room 9 ?is "w4 ,( ! t5s ( ?\s&s :o h le>n$ = gramm> a multitude ( ungrammatical def9itions & rules1 comp>atively few w ev] "k :at ,i h to say ( _! acquisitions4 ,b ?is ,i _c help4 ,to ! read]s ( ! pres5t volume x is due1 t its av]m5ts %\ld be cle>ly illu/rat$ by p>ticul> examples2 & x is reasonable t ^! %\ld be tak5 f ! mo/ accr$it$ s\rces1 :e!r !y d hon\r to _! fram]s or n4 ,my argum5t is only made s mu* ! /rong]1 z ! works :i* furni% its pro(s1 are ! m e/eem$1 ! m prais$1 or ! m ov]rat$4 #ca4 ,murray tells u1 ,!re is no necess>y connexion betwe5 words & ideas4--,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aci4 ,?\gh ?is1 z ,i be=e obs]v$1 is n altoge!r true1 he d\btless _h v good reason to di/+ui%1 9 8 tea*+1 betwe5 ! sign & ! ?+ signifi$4 ,yet1 9 8 own def9itions & explanations1 he frequ5tly conf\nds ^! v ?+s :i* he decl>es to be s widely diff]5t z n ev5 to h a necess>y connexion4 ,errors ( ?is k9d are v common 9 all our ,engli% gramm>s4 ,two in/ances occur 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce2 :i* also conta9s an error 9 doctr9e1 & is moreov] obscure1 or r1 9 its lit]al s5se1 palpably absurd3 ,to sub/antives belong g5d]1 numb]1 & case2 & !y are all ( ! ?ird p]son :5 spok5 (1 & ( ! second p]son :5 spok5 to4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,alg]'s ,murray1 #af2 ,m]*ant's1 #bc2 ,bacon's1 #ab2 ,maltby's1 #ab2 ,lyon's1 #g2 ,guy's1 #d2 ,+]soll's1 #bf2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #ac2 ,t4 ,h4 ,mill]'s1 #ag2 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 #ac4 ,:o1 b a *ild taught by language l ?is1 w\ld ev] ?9k ( speak+ to a n\n8 or1 t a n\n ( ! second p]son c\ld n be spok5 (8 or1 t a n\n _c be put 9 ! fir/ p]son1 s z to agree ) ,i or we8 ,murray himself once taught1 t1 ,pron\ns mu/ always agree ) _! antec$5ts1 & ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son2 & he dep>t$ f a true & important pr9ciple ( syntax1 :5 he alt]$ 8 rule to its pres5t =m4 ,b ,i h said t ! s5t5ce above is obscure1 or its mean+ absurd4 ,:at does ! pron\n !y repres5t8 ,sub/antives1 accord+ to ! au?or's int5t2 b g5d]1 numb]1 & case1 accord+ to ! obvi\s con/ruction ( ! words4 ,let u try a p>allel3 ,to scriv5]s belong p51 ink1 & pap]2 & !y are all ( prim>y importance :5 !re is occasion to use !m1 & ( none at all :5 !y are n ne$$4 ,n[1 if ?is s5t5ce is obscure1 ! o!r is n less s2 b1 if ?is is p]fectly cle>1 s t :at is said is obvi\sly & only :at is int5d$1 !n x is equally cle>1 t :at is said 9 ! =m]1 is gross absurdity1 & t ! words _c reasonably be con/ru$ into ! s5se :i* ! writ]1 & 8 copyi/s1 design$4 #cb4 ,all ,murray's gramm>s1 n except+ ! two volumes octavo1 are z incomplete z !y are inaccurate2 be+ defici5t 9 _m ?+s :i* are ( s great importance t !y %\ld n be exclud$ f ! v smalle/ epitome4 ,= example3 ,on ! subject ( ! numb]s1 he attempt$ b "o def9ition1 & t is a f\rfold solecism4 ,ho speaks ( ! p]sons1 b gives nei!r def9itions nor explanations4 ,9 treat+ ( ! g5d]s1 he gives b "o =mal def9ition4 ,8 section on ! cases conta9s no regul> def9ition4 ,on ! comp>ison ( adjectives1 & on ! moods & t5ses ( v]bs1 he is also satisfi$ ) a v loose mode ( tea*+4 ,! "w z a :ole exhibits m indu/ry ?an lit]>y ta/e1 m b5evol5ce ( he>t ?an di/9ctness ( appreh5sion2 &1 l all its k9dr$ & prog5y1 fails to give to ! pr9ciples ( gramm> t degree ( cle>ness ( :i* !y are easily susceptible4 ,! /ud5t does n "k ?is1 b he feels ! effects ( x1 9 ! obscurity ( 8 own views on ! subject1 & 9 ! consci\s unc]ta9ty ) :i* he applies ^? pr9ciples4 ,9 gramm>1 ! t]ms p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 case1 mood1 t5se1 & _m o!rs1 are us$ 9 a te*nical & peculi> s5se2 &1 9 all sci5tific works1 ! s5se ( te*nical t]ms %\ld be cle>ly & precisely def9$4 ,no?+ c be ga9$ by sub/itut+ o!r names ( mod]n inv5tion2 = ^! also w\ld ne$ def9itions z mu* z ! old4 ,we want to "k ! ?+s !mselves1 & :at !y are mo/ appropriately call$4 ,we want a book :i* w tell u1 9 prop] ord]1 & 9 ! pla9e/ mann]1 :at all ! elem5ts ( ! sci5ce are4 #cc4 ,:at does he "k ( gramm>1 :o _c directly & prop]ly answ] su* que/ions z ^!8--,:at are numb]s1 9 gramm>8 ,:at is ! s+ul> numb]8 ,:at is ! plural numb]8 ,:at are p]sons1 9 gramm>8 ,:at is ! fir/ p]son8 ,:at is ! second p]son8 ,:at is ! ?ird p]son8 ,:at are g5d]s1 9 gramm>8 ,:at is ! mascul9e g5d]8 ,:at is ! fem99e g5d]8 ,:at is ! neut] g5d]8 ,:at are cases1 9 gramm>8 ,:at is ! nom9ative case8 ,:at is ! possessive case8 ,:at is ! objective case8--,& yet ! mo/ complete acqua9tance ) e s5t5ce or ^w ( ,murray's t$i\s compilation1 may leave ! /ud5t at a loss = a prop] answ]1 n only to ea* ( ^! que/ions1 b also to _m o!rs equally simple & elem5t>y6 ,a boy may le>n by he>t all t ,murray ev] publi%$ on ! subject ( gramm>1 & /ill be left to conf\nd ! numb]s 9 gramm> ) numb]s 9 ari?metic1 or ! p]sons 9 gramm> ) p]sons 9 civil life6 ,nay1 !re are among ! pr(ess$ improv]s ( ?is sy/em ( gramm>1 m5 :o h actually conf\nd$ ^! ?+s1 :i* are s totally diff]5t 9 _! natures6 ,9 ,smi?'s ,new ,gramm> on ! ,productive ,sy/em1 a "w 9 :i* ,murray is l>gely copi$ & /rangely metamorphos$1 !re is an abundance ( su* confusion4 ,= in/ance3 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! ^w numb]8 ,numb] means a sum t may be c\nt$4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,f ?is1 by a tissue ( half a doz5 simil> absurdities1 call$ inductions1 ! novice is br\ght to ! conclusion t ! numb]s are two--z if !re 7 9 nature b two sums t might be c\nt$6 ,!re is no end to ! sick5+ detail ( su* blund]s4 ,h[ _m gramm>s tell u1 t1 ,! fir/ p]son is ! p]son :o speaks2 t1 ,! second p]son is ! p]son spok5 to2 & t1 ! ?ird p]son is ! p]son spok5 (6 ,z if ! ?ree p]sons ( a v]b1 or o!r "p ( spee*1 7 s _m intellig5t be+s6 ,z if1 by exhibit+ a ^w 9 ! ?ree p]sons1 7z g1 goe/1 goes17 we put x fir/ into ! speak]1 !n into ! he>]1 & !n into somebody else6 ,no?+ c be m abhorr5t to gramm>1 or to s5se1 ?an su* confusion4 ,! ?+s :i* are id5tifi$ 9 ea* ( ^! ?ree def9itions1 are z unlike z ,socrates & moon%9e6 ,! "o is a ?9k+ be+2 ! o!r1 a m]e =m peculi> to c]ta9 words4 ,b ,*&l]1 ( ,philadelphia1 7! ,gramm> ,k+1 =soo?67 )\t mi/ak+ ! grammatical p]sons = rational s\ls1 has contriv$ to cr[d into 8 def9ition ( p]son m errors ( conception & ( language1--m insult to common s5se1--?an "o c\ld h believ$ x possible to put toge!r 9 su* space4 ,& ?is ridicul\s old twaddle1 aft] six & tw5ty ye>s1 he has delib]ately re-writt5 & lately republi%$ z some?+ adapt$ to ! s*ools ( ,am]ica4 ,x /&s ?us3 ,p]son is a di/9ction :i* is made 9 a n\n betwe5 its repres5tation ( its object1 ei!r z spok5 to1 or spok5 (4--,*&l]'s ,e4 ,gramm>2 ,edition ( #ahba1 p4 #af2 ,ed4 #ahdg1 p4 #ba4 #cd4 ,gramm>ians h (t5 fail$ 9 _! def9itions1 because x is impossible to def9e c]ta9 t]ms 9 ! way 9 :i* ! description has be5 commonly attempt$4 ,he :o und]takes :at is impossible mu/ necess>ily fail2 & fail too1 to ! discr$it ( 8 +5uity4 ,x is manife/ t :5ev] a g5]ic "n 9 ! s+ul> numb] is to be def9$1 ! def9ition mu/ be f\nd$ ^u "s prop]ty or prop]ties common to all ! p>ticul> ?+s includ$ "u ! t]m4 ,?us1 if ,i w\ld def9e a globe1 a :eel1 or a pyramid1 my description mu/ be tak51 n f :at is peculi> to "o or an o!r ( ^! ?+s1 b f ^? prop]ties only :i* are common to all globes1 all :eels1 or all pyramids4 ,b :at prop]ty has unity 9 common ) plurality1 on :i* a def9ition ( numb] may be f\nd$8 ,:at common prop]ty h ! ?ree cases1 by :i* we c cle>ly def9e case8 ,:at h ! ?ree p]sons 9 common1 :i*1 9 a def9ition ( p]son1 c\ld be made evid5t to a *ild8 ,?us all ! great classes ( grammatical modifications1 namely1 p]sons1 numb]s1 g5d]s1 cases1 moods1 & t5ses1 ?\gh !y admit ( easy1 accurate1 & obvi\s def9itions 9 ! plural1 c sc>cely be def9$ at all 9 ! s+ul>4 ,i d n say1 t ! t]ms p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 case1 mood1 & t5se1 ia _! te*nical application to gramm>1 are all ( !m equally & absolutely undef9able 9 ! s+ul>2 b ,i say1 t no def9ition1 j 9 s5se & suitable = a *ild1 c ev] be fram$ = any "o ( !m4 ,among ! ?\s& v>i$ attempts ( gramm>ians to expla9 !m s1 !re are a hundr$ gross solecisms = e tol]able def9ition4 ,= ?is1 z ,i h %[n1 !re is a v simple reason 9 ! nature ( ! ?+s4 #ce4 ,b ?is reason1 z well z _m o!r tru?s equally important & equally cle>1 our common gramm>ians1 h1 s f> z ,i "k1 e man ( !m1 ov]look$4 ,consequ5tly1 ev5 :5 !y 7 aim+ at ! "r ?+1 !y frequ5tly fell into gross errors ( expression2 &1 :at is /ill m surpris+1 su* errors h be5 entail$ ^u ! v art ( gramm>1 & ! art ( au?or%ip itself1 by ! preval5ce ( an absurd notion1 t mod]n writ]s on ?is subject c be m]itori\s au?ors )\t orig9ality4 ,h5ce _m a s*ool-boy is daily rehe>s+ f 8 gramm>-book :at he might well be a%am$ to h writt54 ,= example1 ! foll[+ def9ition f ,murray's gramm>1 is f\nd 9 p]haps a doz5 o!r comp5ds1 all pr(ess+ to tea* ! art ( speak+ & writ+ ) propriety3 ,numb] is ! consid]ation ( an object1 z "o or m4 #gj ,yet ?is %ort s5t5ce1 z ,i h be=e sugge/$1 is a f\rfold solecism4 ,fir/1 ! ^w numb] is wrong2 because ^? modifications ( language1 :i* di/+ui% unity & plurality1 _c be jo9tly signifi$ by x4 ,secondly1 ! ^w consid]ation is wrong2 because numb] is n consid]ation1 9 any s5se :i* c be put ^u ! t]ms3 condition1 con/itution1 configuration1 or any o!r ^w beg9n+ ) con1 w\ld h done j z well4 ,?irdly1 ! consid]ation ( an object z "o1 is b idle wa/e ( ?\ght2 =1 t "o ?+ is "o1--t an object is "o object1--e *ild kn[s by intuition1 & n by consid]ation4 ,la/ly1 to consid] an object z m ?an "o1 is impossible2 unless ?is admirable def9ition lead u into a misconception 9 s pla9 a case6 ,s mu* = ! art ( ! grammatical def9]4 #cf4 ,_m o!r examples1 equally faulty & equally common1 might1 be quot$ & criticis$ = ! fur!r pro( & illu/ration ( :at ,i h alleg$4 ,b ! read] w p]haps judge ! =ego+ to be suffici5t4 ,i h wi%$ to be brief1 & yet to give my argum5ts1 & ! neglect$ facts ^u :i* !y re/1 _! prop] =ce ^u ! m9d4 ,aga9/ su* prejudices z may possibly arise f ! au?or%ip ( rival publications1 or f any int]e/ 9 ! success ( "o book r ?an ( an o!r1 let bo? my judges & me be on our gu>d4 ,i h int5d$ to be fair2 = capti\sness is n criticism4 ,if ! read] p]ceives 9 ^! /rictures any improp] bias1 he has a sort ( disc]nm5t :i* x is my mis=tune to lack4 ,aga9/ ! compil]s ( gramm>s1 ,i urge no conclusions at :i* any man c hesitate1 :o acc$es to my prelim9>y rem>ks ^u !m2 & ^! may be summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ c\plet ( ! poet ,*ur*ill3 ,to copy beauties1 =feits all pret5ce ,to fame2--to copy faults1 is want ( s5se4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,brief ,,notices ,,( ,,! ,,s*emes ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,gramm>s4 ,s$ ut p]v5iri ad summa nisi ex pr9cipiis non pote/3 ita1 proc$5te jam op]e1 m9ima incipiunt esse qu prima sunt4--,,qu9tilian4 ,de ,in/4 ,orat41 ,lib4 x1 ,cap4 #a1 p4 #efj4 #a4 ,! hi/ory ( gramm>1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! t]m1 has h]et(ore be5 made no "p ( ! /udy4 ,i h imag9$ t _m ( its details might be pr(itable1 n only to tea*]s1 b to t class ( le>n]s = ^: use ?is "w is design$4 ,accord+ly1 9 ! prec$+ pages1 !re h be5 /at$ num]\s facts prop]ly hi/orical1 relat+ ei!r to p>ticul> gramm>s1 or to ! *anges & progress ( ?is bran* ( in/ruction4 ,^! v>i\s details x is hop$ w be m ent]ta9+1 & p]haps = t reason n less useful1 ?an ^? explanations :i* belong m]ely to ! con/ruction & resolution ( s5t5ces4 ,! att5tive read] mu/ h ga!r$ f ! =ego+ *apt]s "s idea ( :at ! sci5ce owes to _m individuals ^: names are connect$ ) x4 ,b x seems prop] to devote to ?is subject a few pages m1 9 ord] to give "s fur!r acc\nt ( ! orig9 & "* ( c]ta9 books4 #b4 ,! manuals by :i* gramm> 0 fir/ taught 9 ,engli%1 7 n prop]ly ,engli% ,gramm>s4 ,!y 7 translations ( ! ,lat9 ,accid5ce2 & 7 design$ to aid ,briti% y\? 9 acquir+ a k ( ! ,lat9 language1 r ?an accuracy 9 ! use ( _! own4 ,! two languages 7 (t5 comb9$ 9 "o book1 = ! purpose ( tea*+ sometimes bo? toge!r1 & sometimes "o ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! o!r4 ,! /udy ( su* works d\btless _h a t5d5cy to modify1 & p]haps at t "t to improve1 ! ,engli% /yle ( ^? :o us$ !m4 ,= n only mu/ v>iety ( k h l$ to copi\sness ( expression1 b ! mo/ cultivat$ m9ds w\ld naturally be mo/ apt to obs]ve :at 0 ord]ly 9 ! use ( spee*4 ,a language1 inde$1 aft] its prop] =m is well fix$ by lett]s1 mu/ resi/ all introduction ( =eign idioms1 or become corrupt$4 ,h5ce x is1 t ,dr4 ,johnson av]s1 ,! great pe/ ( spee* is frequ5cy ( translation4 ,no book 0 ev] turn$ f "o language into ano!r1 )\t imp>t+ some?+ ( its native idiom2 ?is is ! mo/ mis*iev\s & compreh5sive innovation4--,preface to ,joh4 ,dict41 #dto1 p4 #ad4 ,)\t expressly controv]t+ ?is op9ion1 or (f]+ any ju/ification ( m]e metaphrases1 or lit]al translations1 we may well ass]t1 t ! practice ( comp>+ diff]5t languages1 & seek+ ! mo/ appropriate t]ms = a free v]sion ( :at is ably writt51 is an ex]cise admirably calculat$ to famili>ize & ext5d grammatical k4 #c4 ,( ! class ( books "h ref]rr$ sic--,,k? to1 t :i* ,i h m5tion$ 9 an o!r *apt]1 z ,lily's or ,k+ ,h5ry's ,gramm>1 has be5 by f> ! mo/ celebrat$ & ! mo/ influ5tial4 ,conc]n+ ?is treatise1 x is /at$1 t its p>ts 7 n put toge!r 9 ! pres5t =m1 until eighte5 or tw5ty ye>s aft] ,lily's dea?4 ,! "t :5 ?is "w 0 complet$1 says ! preface ( #agic1 has be5 diff]5tly relat$ by writ]s4 ,?omas ,hayne places x 9 ! ye> #aedc1 & ,an?ony ,wood1 9 #aede4 ,b nei!r ( ^! acc\nts c be "r2 = ,i h se5 a beautiful copy1 pr9t$ ^u vellum1 & illum9at$1 anno #aedb1 9 qu>to4 ,& x may be d\bt$ :e!r ?is 0 ! fir/ edition4--,john ,w>d1 ,pref41 p4 vii4 ,9 an ,introductory ,lecture1 read be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,london 9 #ahbh1 by ,?omas ,dale1 pr(essor ( ,engli% lit]ature1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,9 ?is reign1--! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii1--! /udy ( gramm> 0 r$uc$ to a sy/em1 by ! promulgation ( _m grammatical treatises2 "o ( :i* 0 e/eem$ ( suffici5t importance to be hon\r$ ) a royal "n4 ,x 0 call$1 ',! ,gramm> ( ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,eigh?2' & to ?is1 ') o!r works1 ! "y ,%akspe>e 0 probably indebt$ = "s le>n+ & mu* loyalty4' ,b ! hon\r ( produc+ ! fir/ ,engli% gramm> is claim$ by ,william ,bullok>1 :o publi%$1 9 ! ye> #aehf1 ',a ,bref ,gramm> = ,engli%1' be+1 to use 8 own words1 '! fir/ ,gramm> = ,engli% t ev] waz1 except my ,gramm> at l>ge4' #d4 ,w>d's preface to ,lily comm5ces ?us3 ,if we look back to ! orig9 ( our common ,lat9 ,gramm>1 we %all f9d x 0 no ha/y p]=mance1 nor ! "w ( a s+le p]son2 b compos$ at diff]5t times by sev]al em95t & le>n$ m51 till ! :ole 0 at l5g? f9i%$1 & by ! ord] ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii41 br\ght into t =m 9 :i* x has ev] s9ce cont9u$4 ,! ,engli% introduction 0 writt5 by ! rev]5d & le>n$ ,dr4 ,john ,colet1 ,dean ( ,/4 ,paul's1 = ! use ( ! s*ool he _h lately f\nd$ !re2 & 0 d$icat$ by him to ,william ,lily1 ! fir/ high ma/] ( t s*ool1 9 ! ye> #aeaj2 = :i* reason x has usually gone by ! "n ( ,paul's ,accid5ce4 ,! sub/ance ( x rema9s ! same1 z at fir/2 ?\gh x has be5 mu* alt]$ 9 ! mann] ( expression1 & sometimes ! ord]1 ) o!r improvem5ts4 ,! ,engli% syntax 0 ! "w ( ,lily1 z appe>s by ! title 9 ! mo/ anci5t editions1 :i* runs ?us3 ,gulielmi ,lilii ,angli ,rudim5ta4 ,b x has be5 greatly improv$ s9ce 8 "t1 bo? )1 reg>d to ! me?od1 & an enl>gem5t ( d\ble ! quantity4 #e4 ,paul's ,accid5ce is !re=e probably ! olde/ gramm> t c n[ be f\nd 9 our language4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 an ,engli% gramm>2 because1 ?\gh writt5 9 antique ,engli%1 & embrac+ _m ?+s :i* are z true ( our language z ( any o!r1 x 0 p>ticul>ly design$ = ! tea*+ ( ,lat94 ,x beg9s ?us3 ,9 spee* be ^! eight p>ts foll[+3 ,n\n1 ,pron\n1 ,v]b1 ,p>ticiple1 decl9$2 ,adv]b1 ,conjunction1 ,preposition1 ,int]jection1 undecl9$4 ,?is is ! old plat=m ( ! ,lat9 gramm>ians2 :i* diff]s f t ( ! ,greek gramm>s1 only 9 hav+ no ,article1 & 9 sep>at+ ! ,int]jection f ! class ( ,adv]bs4 ,"s ,greek gramm>ians1 h[ev]1 sep>ate ! ,adjective f ! ,n\n1 & include ! ,p>ticiple ) ! ,v]b3 ?us1 ,!re are 9 ,greek eight species ( words1 call$ ,p>ts ( ,spee*2 viz4 ,article1 ,n\n1 ,adjective1 ,pron\n1 ,v]b1 ,adv]b1 ,preposition1 & ,conjunction4--,an?on's ,valpy1 p4 #ah4 ,) respect to our language1 ! plan ( ! ,lat9 ,accid5ce is manife/ly inaccurate2 nor c x be appli$1 )\t "s v>iation1 to ! ,greek4 ,9 bo?1 z well z 9 all o!r languages t h ,articles1 ! be/ am5dm5t ( x1 & ! ne>e/ adh]5ce to x1 is1 to make ! ,p>ts ( ,spee* t52 namely1 ! ,article1 ! ,n\n1 ! ,adjective1 ! ,pron\n1 ! ,v]b1 ! ,p>ticiple1 ! ,adv]b1 ! ,conjunction1 ! ,preposition1 & ! ,int]jection4 #f4 ,! be/ ,lat9 gramm>ians admit t ! ,adjective ought n to be call$ a ,n\n2 & ! be/ ,greek gramm>ians1 t ! ,int]jections ought n to be includ$ among ,adv]bs4 ,) respect to ,p>ticiples1 a va/ majority ( gramm>ians 9 g5]al1 make !m a di/9ct species1 or "p ( spee*2 b1 on ?is po9t1 ! ,engli% gramm>ians are ab\t equally divid$3 ne>ly "o half include !m ) ! v]bs1 & a few call !m adjectives4 ,9 gramm>1 x is wrong to deviate f ! old gr\ndwork1 except = ! sake ( tru? & improvem5t2 &1 9 ?is case1 to v>y ! s]ies ( p>ts1 by suppress+ "o & sub/itut+ an o!r1 is 9 fact a great] innovation1 ?an to make ! t]ms t51 by add+ "o & divid+ an o!r4 ,b our m5 ( n9e p>ts ( spee* innovat$ yet m3 !y add$ ! ,article1 z did ! ,greeks2 divid$ ! ,n\n into ,sub/antive & ,adjective2 &1 )\t good reason1 suppress$ ! ,p>ticiple4 ,&1 ( latt] "t1 n a few h ?r[n ! :ole into confusion1 to %[ ! _w ! ord] ( _! und]/&+4 ,:at 0 gramm> fifty ye>s ago1 "s ( ^! h n ?\ght x wor? _! :ile to inquire6 ,& ! read] has se51 t1 aft] all ?is1 !y c complac5tly talk ( ! c5sure s frequ5tly & s ju/ly aw>d$ to un=tunate innovators4--,,kirkham',s ,gram41 p4 #aj4 #g4 ,! old s*eme ( ! ,lat9 gramm>ians has seldom1 if ev]1 be5 lit]ally foll[$ 9 ,engli%2 because its di/ribution ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 z decl9$ & undecl9$1 w\ld n be true ) respect to ! ,engli% p>ticiple4 ,) ! omission ( ?is unimportant di/9ction1 x 01 h[ev]1 scrupul\sly reta9$ by ,dilwor?1 by ! au?or ( ! ,briti% ,gramm>1 by ,william ,w>d1 by ,bu*anan1 & by "s o!rs n[ little kn[n1 :o *ose to include bo? ! article & ! adjective ) ! n\n1 r ?an to increase ! numb] ( ! p>ts ( spee* beyond eight4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,i %all adopt ! usual di/ribution ( words into eight classes2 viz4 ,n\ns1 ,adjectives1 ,pron\ns1 ,v]bs1 ,adv]bs1 ,prepositions1 ,conjunctions1 & ,int]jections4#ga ,i d ?is 9 compliance ) ! practice ( mo/ ,gramm>ians2 & because1 if any numb]1 9 a ?+ s arbitr>y1 mu/ be fix$ ^u1 ?is seems to be z compreh5sive & di/9ct z any4 ,all ! innovation ,i h made ha? be5 to ?r[ out ! ,p>ticiple1 & sub/itute ! ,adjective1 z m evid5tly a di/9ct "p ( spee*4--,rudim5ts ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,all ?is comports well en\gh ) ,dr4 ,prie/ley's ha/e & c>elessness2 b x is n true1 t he ei!r adopt$1 ! usual di/ribution ( words1 or made an o!r z compreh5sive & di/9ct z any4 ,8 innovation1 too1 :i* has s9ce be5 c\nt5anc$ by _m o!r writ]s1 ,i h already %[n to be great]1 ?an if1 by a promotion ( ! article & ! adjective1 he _h made ! p>ts ( spee* t54 ,dr4 ,beattie1 :o 0 ,prie/ley's coeval1 & a mu* bett] s*ol>1 adopt$ ?is numb] )\t hesitation1 & call$ e "o ( !m by :at is /ill its "r "n3 ,9 ,engli% !re are t5 sorts ( words1 :i* are all f\nd 9 ! foll[+ %ort s5t5ce2 ',i n[ see ! good man com+2 b1 alas6 he walks ) difficulty4' ,i & he are pron\ns2 n[ is an adv]b2 see & walks are v]bs2 ! is an article2 good1 an adjective2 man & difficulty are n\ns1 ! =m] sub/antive1 ! latt] ab/ract2 com+ is a p>ticiple2 b1 a conjunction2 alas6 an int]jection2 )1 a preposition4 ,t no o!r sorts ( words are necess>y 9 language1 w appe>1 :5 we h se5 9 :at respects ^! are necess>y4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cj4 ,?is di/ribution is precisely t :i* ! be/ ,fr5* gramm>ians h usually adopt$4 #h4 ,dr4 ,johnson pr(esses to adopt ! division1 ! ord]1 & ! t]ms1 ( ! common gramm>ians1 )\t inquir+ :e!r a fitt] di/ribution might n be f\nd4--,gram4 be=e #dto ,dict41 p4 #a4 ,b1 9 ! ,etymology ( 8 ,gramm>1 he makes no enum]ation ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 & treats only ( articles1 n\ns1 adjectives1 pron\ns1 & v]bs2 to :i* if we add ! o!rs1 accord+ to ! common gramm>ians1 or accord+ to 8 own ,diction>y1 ! numb] w be t54 ,& ?is di/ribution1 :i* 0 adopt$ by ,dr4 ,a% ab\t #agfe1 by ,murray ! s*oolma/] ab\t #agij1 by ,caleb ,alex&] 9 #agie1 & approv$ by ,dr4 ,adam 9 #agic1 has s9ce be5 v ext5sively foll[$2 z may be se5 9 ,dr4 ,crombie's treatise1 9 ! ,rev4 ,matt4 ,h>rison's1 9 ,dr4 ,m&eville's read+-books1 & 9 ! gramm>s ( ,h>rison1 ,/ani=d1 ,ald51 ,co>1 ,john ,peirce1 ,e4 ,devis1 ,c4 ,adams1 ,d4 ,adams1 ,*&l]1 ,comly1 ,jaudon1 ,+]soll1 ,hull1 ,full]1 ,gre5leaf1 ,kirkham1 ,f]d4 ,h4 ,mill]1 ,m]*ant1 ,mack1 ,nutt+1 ,bucke1 ,beck1 ,b>rett1 ,b>n>d1 ,maund]1 ,webb]1 ,emmons1 ,haz51 ,b+ham1 ,s&]s1 & _m o!rs4 ,dr4 ,l[?'s di/ribution is ! same1 except t he plac$ ! adjective aft] ! pron\n1 ! conjunction aft] ! preposition1 &1 l ,prie/ley1 call$ ! p>ticiple a v]b1 ?us mak+ ! p>ts ( spee* n9e4 ,he also has be5 foll[$ by _m2 among :om are ,bicknell1 ,burn1 ,l5nie1 ,m5nye1 ,l9dley ,murray1 ,w4 ,all51 ,guy1 ,*ur*ill1 ,wilson1 ,cobbett1 ,davis1 ,david ,blair1 ,dav5port1 ,m5d5hall1 ,wilcox1 ,picket1 ,pond1 ,russell1 ,bacon1 ,bullions1 ,brace1 ,h>t1 ,lyon1 ,tob4 ,h4 ,mill]1 ,alg]1 ,a4 ,fl9t1 ,folk]1 ,s4 ,putnam1 ,coop]1 ,fro/1 ,goldsbury1 ,haml91 ,t4 ,smi?1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 & ,woodwor?4 ,b a ?ird "p ( ^!1 & z _m m 9 ! prec$+ li/1 are confess$ly m]e modifi]s ( ,murray's compilation2 & p]haps1 9 su* a case1 ^? h done be/ :o h deviat$ lea/ f ! track ( him :om !y pr(ess$ to foll[4#gb #i4 ,"s seem to h suppos$1 t by r$uc+ ! numb] ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 & ( ! rules = _! con/ruction1 ! /udy ( gramm> w\ld be r5d]$ m easy & m pr(itable to ! le>n]4 ,b ?is1 z w\ld appe> f ! hi/ory ( ! sci5ce1 is a m]e retrogression t[>ds ! rud5ess ( its e>li] /ages4 ,x is h>dly wor? :ile to dispute1 :e!r !re %all be n9e p>ts ( spee* or t52 & p]haps en\gh has already be5 /at$1 to e/abli% ! exp$i5cy ( assum+ ! latt] numb]4 ,e ^w 9 ! language mu/ be includ$ 9 "s class1 & no?+ is ga9$ by mak+ ! classes l>g] & less num]\s4 ,9 all ! artificial arrangem5ts ( sci5ce1 di/9ctions are to be made accord+ to ! diff]5ces 9 ?+s2 & ! simple "q "h is1 :at diff]5ces among words %all be at fir/ reg>d$4 ,to ov]look1 9 our prim>y division1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a v]b & a p>ticiple1 is m]ely to res]ve = a subdivision1 or subsequ5t explanation1 a species ( words :i* mo/ gramm>ians h recogniz$ z a di/9ct sort 9 _! orig9al classification4 #aj4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! e>ly p]iod ( grammatical sci5ce 0 f> remote f ! days 9 :i* ,engli% gramm> orig9at$4 ,_m ?+s :i* we n[ tea* & def5d z gramm>1 7 taught & def5d$ two ?\s& ye>s ago1 by ! philosoph]s ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,( ! p>ts ( spee*1 ,qu9tilian1 :o liv$ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( our era1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,= ! anci5ts1 among :om 7 ,ari/otle#gc & ,!odectes1 treat$ only ( v]bs1 n\ns1 & conjunctions3 z ! v]b is :at we say1 & ! n\n1 t ( :i* we say x1 !y judg$ ! p[] ( disc\rse to be 9 v]bs1 & ! matt] 9 n\ns1 b ! connexion 9 conjunctions4 ,little by little1 ! philosoph]s1 & especially ! ,/oics1 increas$ ! numb]3 fir/1 to ! conjunctions 7 add$ articles2 aft]w>ds1 prepositions2 to n\ns1 0 add$ ! appellation2 !n ! pron\n2 aft]w>ds1 z belong+ to ea* v]b1 ! p>ticiple2 &1 to v]bs 9 common1 adv]bs4 ,our language i4 e41 ! ,lat9 does n require articles1 :]e=e !y are scatt]$ among ! o!r p>ts ( spee*2 b !re is add$ to ! =ego+ ! int]jection4 ,b "s1 on ! au?ority ( good au?ors1 make ! p>ts only eight2 z ,ari/>*us1 &1 9 our day1 ,palmon2 :o h includ$ ! vocable1 or appellation1 ) ! n\n1 z a species ( x4 ,b !y :o make ! n\n "o & ! vocable an o!r1 reckon n9e4 ,b !re are also "s :o divide ! vocable f ! appellation2 mak+ ! =m] to signify any ?+ manife/ to sight or t\*1 z h\se1 b$2 & ! latt]1 any ?+ to :i* ei!r or bo? are want+1 z w9d1 heav51 god1 virtue4 ,!y h also add$ ! assev]ation & ! attrectation1 :i* ,i d n approve4 ,:e!r ! vocable or appellation %\ld be includ$ ) ! n\n or n1 z x is a matt] ( little consequ5ce1 ,i leave to ! decision ( o!rs4--,see ,,qu9til4 de ,in/4 ,orat41 ,lib4 i1 ,cap4 #d1 #bd4 #aa4 ,sev]al writ]s on ,engli% gramm>1 indulg+ a /range unsettlem5t ( plan1 seem n to h det]m9$ 9 _! own m9ds1 h[ _m p>ts ( spee* !re are1 or ought to be4 ,among ^! are ,horne ,tooke1 ,web/]1 ,dalton1 ,c>dell1 ,gre51 & ,cobb2 & p]haps1 f :at he says above1 we may add ! "n ( ,prie/ley4 ,! pres5t disputation ab\t ! sorts ( words1 has be5 *iefly ow+ to ! writ+s ( ,horne ,tooke1 :o expla9s ! m9or p>ts ( spee* z m]e abbreviations1 & rejects1 ) ne$less acrimony1 ! common classification4 ,b _m h mi/ak5 ! nature ( 8 in/ructions1 no less ?an t ( ! common gramm>ians4 ,?is au?or1 9 8 ?ird *apt]1 supposes 8 auditor to say1 ,b y h n all ?is :ile in=m$ me h[ _m p>ts ( spee* y mean to lay d[n4 ,to :om he replies1 ,t %all be z y please4 ,ei!r two1 or tw5ty1 or m4 ,su* loos5ess comport$ well en\gh ) 8 p>ticul> purpose2 because he meant to tea* ! d]ivation ( words1 & n to m$dle at all ) _! con/ruction4 ,b :o does n see t x is impossible to lay d[n rules = ! con/ruction ( words1 )\t fir/ divid+ !m into ! classes to :i* su* rules apply8 ,= example3 if a man means to tea*1 t1 ,a v]b mu/ agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]1 mu/ he n fir/ %[ ! le>n] :at words are v]bs8 & ought he n to see 9 ?is rule a reason = n call+ ! p>ticiple a v]b8 ,let ! c>eless foll[]s ( ,l[? & ,prie/ley answ]4 ,tooke did n c>e to pres]ve any p>ts ( spee* at all4 ,8 "w is n a sy/em ( gramm>2 nor c x be made ! basis ( any regul> s*eme ( grammatical in/ruction4 ,he :o w n grant t ! same words may possibly be us$ z diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 mu/ make 8 p>ts ( spee* ei!r v few or v _m4 ,?is au?or says1 ,i d n all[ t any words *ange _! nature 9 ?is mann]1 s z to belong sometimes to "o "p ( spee*1 & sometimes to ano!r1 f ! diff]5t ways ( us+ !m4 ,i nev] c\ld p]ceive any su* fluctuation 9 any ^w :atev]4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fh4 #ab4 ,f 8 own positive language1 ,i imag9e ?is +5i\s au?or nev] well consid]$ :at con/itutes ! sam5ess ( words1 or :]e9 lies ! diff]5ce ( ! p>ts ( spee*2 &1 )\t und]/&+ ^! ?+s1 a gramm>ian _c b fall into errors1 unless he w foll[ somebody t kn[s !m4 ,b ,tooke confess$ly contradicts1 & outfaces all o!r ,gramm>ians 9 ! passage j cit$4 ,yet x is pla91 t ! :ole sci5ce ( gramm>--or at lea/ ! :ole ( etymology & syntax1 :i* are its two pr9cipal p>ts--is bas$ ^u a division ( words into ! p>ts ( spee*2 a division :i* necess>ily ref]s1 9 _m in/ances1 ! same words to diff]5t sections accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* !y are us$4 ,c]ta9s mots rpond5t1 a9si au mme temps1 div]ses p>ties d'oraison selon que la grammaire les emploie div]sem5t4--,buffi]1 ,art4 #aej4 ,"s words1 f ! diff]5t ways 9 :i* !y are us$1 belong sometimes to "o "p ( spee*1 sometimes to ano!r4--,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,& s say all o!r ,gramm>ians4--,tooke1 z above4 #ac4 ,! hi/ory ( ,dr4 ,web/]1 z a gramm>ian1 is s+ul>4 ,he is rem>kable = 8 *angeabl5ess1 yet always positive2 = 8 inconsi/5cy1 yet v le>n$2 = 8 zeal to correct popul> errors1 yet (t5 himself errone\s2 = 8 f]tility 9 res\rces1 yet sometimes meagre2 = 8 success z an au?or1 yet nev] satisfi$2 = 8 boldness ( innovation1 yet fond ( appeal+ to antiquity4 ,8 gramm>s are ! lea/ judici\s1 & at pres5t ! lea/ popul>1 ( 8 works4 ,!y consi/ ( f\r or five diff]5t treatises1 :i* = _! mutual cr$it %\ld nev] be comp>$3 x is impossible to place any firm reliance ^u ! au?ority ( a man :o contradicts himself s mu*4 ,^? :o imag9e t ! la/ op9ions ( s le>n$ a man mu/ ne$s be "r1 w d well to wait1 & see :at w be 8 la/3 !y _c o!rwise "k to :at 8 in/ructions w f9ally lead3 ,exp]i5ce has already taught him ! folly ( _m ( 8 pret5d$ improvem5ts1 & x is probable 8 la/ op9ions ( ,engli% gramm> w be mo/ con=mable to t j au?ority ) :i* he has ev] be5 tamp]+4 ,i d n say t he has n exhibit$ +5uity z well z le>n+1 or t he is always wrong :5 he contradicts a majority ( ! ,engli% gramm>ians2 b ,i may v5ture to say1 he 0 wrong :5 he und]took to di/urb ! common s*eme ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 z well z :5 he resolv$ to spell all words exactly z !y are pron\nc$4 #ad4 ,x is n commonly kn[n ) h[ ra% a h& ?is celebrat$ au?or has sometimes t\*$ ! mo/ settl$ usages ( our language4 ,9 #agij1 :i* 0 sev5 ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( 8 fir/ gramm>1 he publi%$ an octavo volume ( m ?an f\r hundr$ pages1 consi/+ ( ,essays1 moral1 hi/orical1 political1 & lit]>y1 :i* might h done him cr$it1 _h he n spoil$ 8 book by a grammatical :im ab\t ! re=mation ( or?ography4 ,n p]ceiv+ t ,engli% lit]ature1 multipli$ z x _h be5 )9 two or ?ree c5turies1 _h acquir$ a /ability 9 "s degree correspond+ to its gr[?1 he fooli%ly imag9$ x 0 /ill z susceptible ( *ange & improvem5t z 9 ! days ( its infancy4 ,let ! read] p>don ! l5g? ( ?is digression1 if = ! sake ( any future s*em] :o may *ance to adopt a simil> conceit1 ,i cite f ! preface to ?is volume a specim5 ( ! au?or's practice & reason+4 ,! +5i\s attorney _h ! good s5se quickly to ab&on ?is project1 & cont5t himself ) less gl>+ innovations2 else he _h nev] /ood z he n[ does1 9 ! e/imation ( ! public4 ,b !re is ! m ne$ to record ! example1 because 9 "o ( ! s\!rn /ates ! exp]im5t has rec5tly be5 tri$ aga94 ,a /ill abl] memb] ( ! same pr(ession1 has r5ew$ x b lately2 & x is said !re are yet rema9+ "s conv]ts to ?is notion ( improvem5t4 ,i copy lit]ally1 leav+ all my read]s & 8 to guess = !mselves :y he spell$ writ]s ) a w & rit+ )\t4 #ae4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( t5 or twelv ye]s1 ,i hav be5 labor+ to correct popul> errors1 & to assi/ my yung bre?r5 9 ! road to tru? & virtue2 my publications = !ze purposes hav be5 num]\s2 mu* "t haz be5 sp5t1 :i* ,i d n regret1 & mu* c5sure incurr$1 :i* my h>t tells me ,i d n dez]v4 99 99 99 ,! re$] wil obs]v t ! or?ography ( ! volum iz n uni=m4 ,! reezon iz1 t _m ( ! essays hav be5 publi%$ be=e1 9 ! common or?ography1 & x w\ld hav be5 a labori\s task to copy ! :ole1 = ! sake ( *ang+ ! spell+4 ,9 ! essays1 ritt5 )9 ! la/ ye]1 a consid]able *ange ( spell+ iz introduc$ by way ( exp]im5t4 ,?is lib]ty waz tak5 by ! writ]s be=e ! age ( que5 ,elizabe?1 & to ?is we are indet$ = ! pref]5ce ( mod]n spell+ ov] t ( ,g[] & ,*auc]4 ,! man :o admits t ! *ange ( hoasbonde1 mynde1 ygone1 mone? into husb&1 m9d1 gone1 mon?1 iz an improovm5t1 mu/ ackn[lege also ! rit+ ( hel?1 bre?1 rong1 tung1 mun?1 to be an improovm5t4 ,!re iz no alt]nativ4 ,e possible reezon t c\ld ev] be (f]$ = alt]+ ! spell+ ( wurds1 /il exi/s 9 full =ce2 & if a gradual re=m %\ld n be made 9 our language1 x wil proov t we are less "u ! influ5ce ( reezon ?an our ance/ors4--,noah ,web/]'s ,essays1 ,preface1 p4 xi4 #af4 ,b let u return1 ) our au?or1 to ! "q ( ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,i h %[n t if we d n mean to adopt "s less conv5i5t s*eme1 we mu/ c\nt !m t51 & pres]ve _! anci5t ord] z well z _! anci5t names4#gd ,&1 aft] all 8 vacillation 9 consequ5ce ( read+ ,horne ,tooke1 x w\ld n be /range if ,dr4 ,web/] %\ld come at la/ to ! same conclusion4 ,he 0 n v f> f x 9 #ahbh1 z may be %[n by 8 own te/imony1 :i* he !n took occasion to record4 ,i w give 8 own words on ! po9t3 ,!re is great difficulty 9 devis+ a correct classification ( ! sev]al sorts ( words2 & probably no classification t %all be simple & at ! same "t philosophically correct1 c be inv5t$4 ,!re are "s words t d n /rictly fall "u any description ( any class yet devis$4 ,_m attempts h be5 made & are /ill mak+ to rem$y ?is evil2 b su* s*emes z ,i h se51 d n1 9 my appreh5sion1 correct ! defects ( ! old s*emes1 nor simplify ! subject4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all t ,i h se51 s]ve only to obscure & emb>rass ! subject1 by sub/itut+ new arrangem5ts & new t]ms :i* are z incorrect z ! old ones1 & less intelligible4 ,i h att5tively view$ ^! subjects1 9 all ! lights :i* my opportunities h af=d$1 & am conv9c$ t ! di/ribution ( words1 mo/ g5]ally receiv$1 is ! be/ t c be =m$1 ) "s slight alt]ations adapt$ to ! p>ticul> con/ruction ( ! ,engli% language4 #ag4 ,?is passage is tak5 f ! adv]tisem5t1 or preface1 to ! ,gramm> :i* accompanies ! au?or's edition ( 8 great qu>to ,diction>y4 ,n[ ! sev]al s*emes :i* be> 8 own "n1 7 d\btless all ( !m among ^? :i* he _h t he _h se52 s t he "h condemns !m all collectively1 z he _h previ\sly condemn$ "s ( !m at ea* re=mation4 ,nor is ! la/ exempt$4 ,= al?\gh he "h pla9ly gives 8 vote = t common s*eme :i* he fir/ condemn$1 he does n adopt x )\t "s slight alt]ations2 & 9 contriv+ ^! alt]ations he is inconsi/5t ) 8 own pr(essions4 ,he makes ! p>ts ( spee* eight1 ?us3 #a4 ,! "n or n\n2 #b4 ,! pron\n or sub/itute2 #c4 ,! adjective1 attribute1 or attributive2 #d4 ,! v]b2 #e4 ,! adv]b2 #f4 ,! preposition2 #g4 ,! connective or conjunction2 #h4 ,! exclamation or int]jection4 ,9 8 ,rudim5ts ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 #ahaa1 to unfold ! true pr9ciples ( ! language1 8 p>ts ( spee* 7 sev52 viz4 #a4 ,names or n\ns2 #b4 ,sub/itutes or pron\ns2 #c4 ,attributes or adjectives2 #d4 ,v]bs1 ) _! p>ticiples2 #e4 ,modifi]s or adv]bs2 #f4 ,prepositions2 #g4 ,connectives or conjunctions4 ,9 8 ,philosophical & ,practical ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 #ahjg1 a book :i* pr(esses to tea* ! only legitimate pr9ciples1 & e/abli%$ usages1 ( ! language1 a tw(old division ( words is adopt$2 fir/1 into two g5]al classes1 prim>y & second>y2 !n into sev5 species or p>ts ( spee*1 ! fir/ two belong+ to ! =m] class1 ! o!r five to ! latt]2 ?us3 #a4 ,names or n\ns2 #b4 ,v]bs2 #c4 ,sub/itutes2 #d4 ,attributes2 #e4 ,modifi]s2 #f4 ,prepositions2 #g4 ,connectives4 ,9 8 ,improv$ ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 publi%$ 9 #ahca1 ! same s*eme is reta9$1 b ! usual names are pref]r$4 #ah4 ,h[ _m diff]5t s*emes ( classification ?is au?or inv5t$1 ,i "k n2 b he might well h sav$ himself ! tr\ble ( inv5t+ any2 =1 s f> z appe>s1 none ( 8 la/ ?ree gramm>s ev] came to a second edition4 ,9 ! six? edition ( 8 ,pla9 & ,compreh5sive ,gramm>1 gr\nd$ on ! true pr9ciples & idioms ( ! language1 a "w :i* 8 la/ grammatical preface affirms to h be5 orig9ally fa%ion$ on ! model ( ,l[?'s1 ! p>ts ( spee* are reckon$ six2 n\ns1 articles1 pron\ns1 adjectives1 v]bs1 & abbreviations or p>ticles4 ,?is "w1 :i* he says 0 ext5sively us$ 9 ! s*ools ( ?is c\ntry1 & cont9u$ to be 9 dem&1 he volunt>ily suppress$2 because1 aft] a pr(itable exp]im5t ( f\r & tw5ty ye>s1 he f\nd x s f> f be+ gr\nd$ on true pr9ciples1 t ! :ole s*eme !n appe>$ to him incorrigibly bad4 ,&1 judg+ f ?is six? edition1 pr9t$ 9 #ahjj1 ! only "o :i* ,i h se51 ,i _c b concur ) him 9 ! op9ion4 ,m ?an "o half ( ! volume is a loose ,app5dix compos$ *iefly ( notes tak5 f ,l[? & ,prie/ley2 & !re is a great want ( me?od 9 :at 0 meant = ! body ( ! "w4 ,i imag9e 8 sev]al editions mu/ h be5 diff]5t gramm>s ) ! same title2 = su* ?+s are ( no uncommon occurr5ce1 & ,i _c o!rwise acc\nt = ! ass]tion t ?is book 0 compil$ on ! model ( ,l[?'s1 & on ! same pr9ciples z ^? on :i* ,murray has con/ruct$ 84--,adv]tisem5t 9 ,web/]'s ,qu>to ,dict41 #a/ ,ed4 #ai4 ,9 a treatise on gramm>1 a bad s*eme is necess>ily att5d$ ) inconv5i5ces = :i* no m]it 9 ! execution c possibly comp5sate4 ,! fir/ ?+1 !re=e1 :i* a skillful tea*] w notice 9 a "w ( ?is k9d1 is ! arrangem5t4 ,if he f9d any difficulty 9 discov]+1 at sight1 :at x is1 he w be sure x is bad2 = a lucid ord] is :at he has a "r to expect f him :o pret5ds to improve ^u all ! ,engli% gramm>ians4 ,dr4 ,web/] is n ! only read] ( ! ,,epea ,,pt]o5ta1 :o has be5 !reby prompt$ to m$dle ) ! common s*eme ( gramm>2 nor is he ! only "o :o has attempt$ to simplify ! subject by r$uc+ ! p>ts ( spee* to six4 ,john ,dalton ( ,man*e/]1 9 #ahja1 9 a small gramm> :i* he d$icat$ to ,horne ,tooke1 made !m six1 b n ! same six4 ,he w\ld h !m to be1 n\ns1 pron\ns1 v]bs1 adv]bs1 conjunctions1 & prepositions4 ,?is writ]1 l ,brightl&1 ,tooke1 ,fi%]1 & "s o!rs1 insi/s on x t ! articles are adjectives4 ,prie/ley1 too1 ?r[+ !m out ( 8 classification1 & leav+ ! le>n] to g almo/ ?r\gh 8 book 9 ignorance ( _! rank1 at l5g? assigns !m to ! same class1 9 "o ( 8 notes4 ,& s has ,dr4 ,web/] fix$ !m 9 8 late valuable1 b n faultless1 diction>ies4 ,b ,david ,boo?1 an etymologi/ p]haps equally le>n$1 9 8 ,introduction to an ,analytical ,diction>y ( ! ,engli% ,language1 decl>es !m to be ( ! same species z ! pron\ns2 f :i* he ?9ks x /range t !y 7 ev] sep>at$6 ,see ,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #ba4 #bj4 ,n[1 :at c be m idle1 ?an = tea*]s to reject ! common classification ( words1 & puzzle ! heads ( s*ool-boys ) speculations l ^!8 ,x is easy to admit all t etymology c %[ to be true1 & /ill ju/ify ! old arrangem5t ( ! elem5ts ( gramm>4 ,& if we dep>t f ! common s*eme1 :]e %all we /op8 ,"s h taught t ! p>ts ( spee* are only five2 z did ! latt] /oics1 ^: classes1 accord+ to ,priscian & ,h>ris1 7 ^!3 articles1 n\ns appellative1 n\ns prop]1 v]bs1 & conjunctions4 ,o!rs h made !m f\r2 z did ,ari/otle & ! eld] /oics1 &1 m rec5tly1 ,milnes1 ,brightl&1 ,h>ris1 ,w>e1 ,fi%]1 & ! au?or ( a "w on ,univ]sal ,gramm>1 entitl$ ,enclytica4 ,yet1 9 nam+ ! f\r1 ea* ( ^! contrives to diff] f all ! re/6 ,) ,ari/otle1 !y are1 n\ns1 v]bs1 articles1 & conjunctions2 ) ,milnes1 n\ns1 adn\ns1 v]bs1 & p>ticles2 ) ,brightl&1 names1 qualities1 affirmations1 & p>ticles2 ) ,h>ris1 sub/antives1 attributives1 def9itives1 & connectives2 ) ,w>e1 ! "n1 ! ^w1 ! assi/ant1 ! connective2 ) ,fi%]1 names1 qualities1 v]bs1 & p>ticles2 ) ! au?or ( ,enclytica1 names1 v]bs1 modes1 & connectives4 ,b :y make ! classes s num]\s z f\r8 ,_m ( ! anci5ts1 ,greeks1 ,hebrews1 & ,arabians1 accord+ to ,qu9tilian1 made !m ?ree2 & ^! ?ree1 accord+ to ,vossius1 7 n\ns1 v]bs1 & p>ticles4 ,vet]es ,arabes1 ,hebri1 et ,grci1 tres1 non amplius1 classes faciebant2 l4 ,nom51 #b4 ,v]bum1 #c4 ,p>ticula seu ,dictio4--,voss4 de ,anal41 ,lib4 i1 ,cap4 #a4 #ba4 ,nor is ?is numb]1 ?ree1 q de/itute ( mod]n support]s2 ?\gh mo/ ( ^! come at x 9 an o!r way4 ,d4 ,/4 ,qu5t91 9 8 ,rudim5ts ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 #ahab1 divides words into ! ?ree g5]al classes la/ m5tion$2 viz41 #a4 ,n\ns1 #b4 ,v]bs1 #c4 ,p>ticles4--,p4 #e4 ,boo?1 :o publi%$ ! second edition ( 8 etymological "w 9 #ahad1 exam9+ sev]ally ! t5 p>ts ( spee*1 & f9d+ :at he suppos$ to be ! true orig9 ( all ! words 9 "s ( ! classes1 0 l$ to ?r[ "o into an o!r1 till he _h de/roy$ sev5 ( !m4 ,!n1 resolv+ t ea* ^w ought to be class$ accord+ to ! mean+ :i* its etymology fixes ^u x1 he ref]s ! numb] ( classes to nature1 ?us3 ,if1 !n1 ea* ^w has a mean+1 & is capable ( rais+ an idea 9 ! m9d1 t idea mu/ h its prototype 9 nature4 ,x mu/ ei!r d5ote an ex]tion1 & is !re=e a v]b2 or a quality1 & is1 9 t case1 an adjective2 or x mu/ express an assemblage ( qualities1 su* z is obs]v$ to belong to "s individual object1 & is1 on ?is supposition1 ! "n ( su* object1 or a n\n4 99 99 99 ,we h ?us giv5 an acc\nt ( ! diff]5t divisions ( words1 & h f\nd t ! :ole may be class$ "u ! ?ree heads ( ,names1 ,qualities1 & ,actions2 or ,n\ns1 ,adjectives1 & ,v]bs4--,introd4 to ,analyt4 ,dict41 p4 #bb4 #bb4 ,?is notion ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 z ! read] w pres5tly see1 f\nd an advocate also 9 ! au?or ( ! popul> little /ory ( ,jack ,haly>d4 ,x appe>s 9 8 ,philosophic ,gramm> publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #ahbg4 ,:e!r ! writ] borr[$ x f ,boo?1 or 0 l$ into x by ! light ( nature1 ,i am unable to say3 he does n appe> to h d]iv$ x f ! anci5ts4 ,n[1 if ei!r he or ! lexicograph] has discov]$ 9 nature a prototype = ?is s*eme ( gramm>1 ! discov]y is only to be prov$1 & ! s*emes ( all o!r gramm>ians1 anci5t or mod]n1 mu/ give place to x4 ,= ! read] w obs]ve t ?is triad ( p>ts is n t :i* is m5tion$ by ,vossius & ,qu9tilian4 ,b au?ority may be f\nd = r$uc+ ! numb] ( ! p>ts ( spee* yet l[]4 ,plato1 accord+ to ,h>ris1 & ! fir/ inquir]s into language1 accord+ to ,horne ,tooke1 made !m two2 n\ns & v]bs1 :i* ,crombie1 ,dalton1 ,m',cullo*1 & "s o!rs1 say1 are ! only p>ts ess5tially necess>y = ! communication ( our ?\ghts4 ,^? :o "k no?+ ab\t gramm>1 reg>d all words z ( "o class4 ,to !m1 a ^w is simply a ^w2 & "u :at o!r "n x may come1 is no conc]n ( !irs4 #bc4 ,t[>ds ?is po9t1 t5ds e attempt to simplify gramm> by suppress+ any ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee*4 ,no?+ is ga9$ by x2 & x is a dep>ture f ! be/ au?ority4 ,we see by :at /eps ?is k9d ( reason+ may desc5d2 & we h an admirable illu/ration ( x 9 ! sev]al grammatical works ( ,william ,s4 ,c>dell4 ,i %all m5tion !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y appe>$2 & ! read] may judge :e!r ! au?or does n ultimately arrive at ! conclusion to :i* ! =ego+ s]ies is conduct$4 ,?is writ]1 9 8 ,essay on ,language1 reckons sev5 p>ts ( spee*2 9 8 ,new-,york ,gramm>1 six2 9 8 ,h>t=d ,gramm>1 ?ree pr9cipal1 ) ?ree o!rs subord9ate2 9 8 ,philadelphia ,gramm>1 ?ree only--n\ns1 adjectives1 & v]bs4 ,"h he alleges1 ,! un]r+ plan ( nature has e/abli%$ ?ree classes ( p]ceptions1 & consequ5tly ?ree p>ts ( spee*4--,p4 #aga4 ,he says ?is1 z if he meant to abide by x4 ,b1 on 8 tw5ty-?ird page1 we are told1 ,e adjective is ei!r a n\n or a p>ticiple4 ,n[1 by 8 own %[+1 !re are no p>ticiples3 he makes !m all adjectives1 9 ea* ( 8 s*emes4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t all 8 adjectives1 includ+ :at o!rs call p>ticiples1 are n\ns4 ,& ?is r$uces 8 ?ree p>ts ( spee* to two1 9 spite ( ! un]r+ plan ( nature6 ,b ev5 ?is numb] is m ?an he well believ$ 92 =1 on ! tw5ty-fir/ page ( ! book1 he affirms1 t1 ,all o!r t]ms are b d]ivative =ms & new applications ( n\ns4 ,s simple a ?+ is ?is me?od ( gramm>6 ,b ,neef1 9 8 zeal = re=mation1 c>ries ! anticlimax fairly (f ! br9k2 & decl>es1 ,9 ! gramm> :i* %all be ! "w ( my pupils1 !re %all be f\nd no n\ns1 no pron\ns1 no articles1 no p>ticiples1 no v]bs1 no prepositions1 no conjunctions1 no adv]bs1 no int]jections1 no g]unds1 n ev5 "o s+le sup9e4 ,unm]cifully %all !y be bani%$ f x4--,neef's ,me?od ( ,education1 p4 #fj4 #bd4 ,:5 ,c>dell's sy/em appe>$1 sev]al respectable m51 conv9c$ by 8 p[]ful demon/rations1 admitt$ t he _h made _m ?+s 9 ! e/abli%$ doctr9es ( ! exp\nd]s ( language appe> suffici5tly ridicul\s2 #ge & will+ly l5t him ! influ5ce ( _! names1 tru/+ t 8 admirable s*eme ( ,engli% gramm>1 9 :i* _! ignorance saw no?+ b new tru?1 w\ld be spe$ily p]fect$ & g5]ally embrac$4 #gf ,be+ invit$ by ! au?or to a discussion ( 8 pr9ciples1 ,i oppos$ !m 9 8 pres5ce1 bo? privately & publicly2 def5d+ aga9/ him1 n unsuccessfully1 ^? doctr9es :i* "t & cu/om h sanction$4 ,&1 :at is rem>kable1 t c&id opposition :i* ,c>dell himself _h treat$ ) respect1 & p>ri$ 9 va91 0 aft]w>ds1 by "s ( 8 conv]ts1 impea*$ ( all unfairness1 & ev5 accus$ ( want+ common s5se4 ,no "o1 says ,niebuhr1 ev] ov]?rew a lit]>y idol1 )\t provok+ ! ang] ( its wor%ip]s4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dhi4 ,! c]tificates giv5 9 comm5dation ( ?is set ( op9ions1 ?\gh !y _h no ext5sive effect on ! public1 %[$ full well t ! sign]s knew little ( ! hi/ory ( gramm>2 & x is ! cont9ual repetition ( su* ?+s1 t induces me n[ to dwell ^u its hi/ory1 = ! in=mation ( ^? :o are s liable to be deceiv$ by explod$ errors republi%$ z novelties4 ,a eulogi/ says ( ,c>dell1 ,he _h adopt$ a set ( op9ions1 :i*1 to mo/ ( 8 read]s1 appe>$ entirely new4 ,a review] prov$1 t all 8 pret5d$ novelties are to be f\nd 9 c]ta9 gramm>s n[ =gott51 or seldom read4 ,! =m] replies1 ,!n he ,c>dell1 is "r--& ! man is no less /upid ?an abusive1 :o f9ds fault2 = "h is pro( t ! =m] _h highly respectable au?ority = almo/ e ?+ he has advanc$6--,see ,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 ii1 pp4 #aje & #aaf1 f :i* all ! quotations 9 ?is p>agraph1 except "o1 are tak54 #be4 ,! read] may n[ be curi\s to "k :at ^! doctr9es 74 ,!y 7 summ$ up by ! review]1 ?us3 ,our au?or pret5ds to h drawn pr9cipally f 8 own res\rces1 9 mak+ up 8 books2 & _m may h suppos$ !re is m novelty 9 !m ?an !re really is4 ,= in/ance3 #a4 ,he classes ! articles ) adjectives2 & s did ,brightl&1 ,tooke1 ,fi%]1 ,dalton1 & ,web/]4 #b4 ,he calls ! p>ticiples1 adjectives2 & s did ,brightl& & ,tooke4 #c4 ,he make ! pron\ns1 ei!r n\ns or adjectives2 & s did ,adam1 ,dalton1 & o!rs4 #d4 ,he di/ributes ! conjunctions among ! o!r p>ts ( spee*2 & s did ,tooke4 #e4 ,he rejects ! int]jections2 & s did ,valla1 ,sanctius1 & ,tooke4 #f4 ,he makes ! possessive case an adjective2 & s did ,brightl&4 #g4 ,he says our language has no cases2 & s did ,h>ris4 #h4 ,he calls case1 position2 & s did ,james ,br[n4 #i4 ,he r$uces ! adjectives to two classes1 def9+ & describ+2 & s did ,dalton4 #aj4 ,he decl>es all v]bs to be active2 & s did ,h>ris1 79 8 ,h]mes1 ,book i1 ,*ap4 ix17 ?\gh he admitt$ ! exp$i5cy ( ! common division1 & left to our au?or ! absurdity ( cont5d+ ab\t x4 ,fi%] also reject$ ! class ( neut] v]bs1 & call$ !m all active4 #aa4 ,he r$uces ! moods to ?ree1 & ! t5ses to ?ree2 & s did ,dalton1 9 ! v same words4 ,fi%] also made ! t5ses ?ree1 b said !re are no moods 9 ,engli%4 #ab4 ,he makes ! imp]ative mood always future2 & s did ,h>ris1 9 #agea4 ,nor did ! doctr9e orig9ate ) him2 = ,brightl&1 a hundr$ ye>s ago1 ab\t #agjf1 ascrib$ x to "s ( 8 pr$ecessors4 #ac4 ,he r$uces ! :ole ( our syntax to ab\t ?irty l9es2 & two ?irds ( ^! are useless2 = ,dr4 ,johnson express$ x q z fully 9 t54 ,b _! explanations are bo? good = no?+2 & ,wallis1 m wisely1 omitt$ x altoge!r4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ei4 #bf4 ,dr4 ,web/] says1 9 a m>g9al note to ! preface ( 8 ,philosophical ,gramm>1 ,s9ce ! days ( ,wallis1 :o publi%$ a ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 9 ,lat91 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii41 f :i* ,johnson & ,l[? borr[$ mo/ ( _! rules1 little improvem5t has be5 made 9 ,engli% gramm>4 ,l[? suppli$ "s valuable criticisms1 mo/ ( :i* h[ev] respect obsolete phrases2 b _m ( 8 criticisms are extremely errone\s1 & !y h _h an ill effect1 9 p]v]t+ ! true idioms ( our language4 ,prie/ley furni%$ a numb] ( new & useful obs]vations on ! peculi> phrases ( ! ,engli% language4 ,to :i* may be add$ "s good rem>ks ( ,blair & ,campbell1 int]sp]s$ ) _m errors4 ,murray1 n hav+ m\nt$ to ! orig9al s\rces ( in=mation1 & pr(ess+ only to select & arrange ! rules & criticisms ( prec$+ writ]s1 has furni%$ little or no?+ new4 ,( ! num]\s compilations ( inf]ior "*1 x may be affirm$1 t !y h add$ no?+ to ! /ock ( grammatical k4 ,& ! conclud+ s5t5ce ( ?is "w1 z well z ( 8 ,improv$ ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 #ahca1 ext5ds ! c5sure z foll[s3 ,x is n ! ,engli% language only ^: hi/ory & pr9ciples are yet to be illu/rat$2 b ! gramm>s & diction>ies ( all o!r languages1 ) :i* ,i h any acqua9tance1 mu/ be revis$ & correct$1 be=e _! elem5ts & true con/ruction c be fully und]/ood4 ,9 an adv]tisem5t to ! gramm> prefix$ to 8 qu>to ,am]ican ,diction>y1 ! ,doctor is yet m sev]e ^u books ( ?is sort4 ,i close1 says he1 ) ! s+le rem>k1 t f all ! obs]vations ,i h be5 able to make1 ,i am conv9c$ ! diction>ies & gramm>s :i* h be5 us$ 9 our sem9>ies ( le>n+ = ! la/ =ty or fifty ye>s1 are s incorrect & imp]fect t !y h introduc$ or sanction$ m errors ?an !y h am5d$2 9 o!r words1 _h ! p ( ,engl& & ( ^! ,/ates be5 left to le>n ! pronunciation & con/ruction ( _! v]nacul> language solely by tradition1 & ! read+ ( good au?ors1 ! language w\ld h be5 spok5 & writt5 ) m purity ?an x has be5 & n[ is1 by ^? :o h le>n$ to adju/ _! language by ! rules :i* diction>ies prescribe4 #bg4 ,little & mu* are b relative t]ms2 yet :5 we look back to ! p]iod 9 :i* ,engli% gramm> 0 taught only 9 ,lat91 x seems extravagant to say1 t little improvem5t has be5 made 9 x s9ce4 ,i h else:]e express$ a m qualifi$ s5tim5t4 ,t ! gramm> ( our language has made consid]able progress s9ce ! days ( ,swift1 :o wrote a petty treatise on ! subject1 is suffici5tly evid5t2 b :oev] consid]s :at rema9s to be done1 _c b p]ceive h[ ridicul\s are _m ( ! boa/s & felicitations :i* we h he>d on t topic4 #gg ,"s fur!r notice w n[ be tak5 ( t progress1 & ( ! writ]s :o h be5 commonly consid]$ ! *ief promot]s ( x1 b especially ( su* z h n be5 previ\sly m5tion$ 9 a l connexion4 ,among ^! may be notic$ ,william ,walk]1 ! preceptor ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 a tea*] & gramm>ian ( extraord9>y le>n+1 :o di$ 9 #afhd4 ,he has left u sundry monum5ts ( 8 ta/e & critical skill3 "o is 8 ,treatise ( ,engli% ,p>ticles1--a "w ( great lab\r & m]it1 b useless to mo/ p n[-a-days1 because x expla9s ! ,engli% 9 ,lat92 an o!r1 8 ,art ( ,tea*+ ,improv'd1--:i* is also an able treatise1 & app>5tly well adapt$ to its object1 ! ,gr\nd+ ( a ,"y ,s*ol> 9 ! ,lat9 ,tongue4 ,9 ! latt]1 are m5tion$ o!r works ( 81 on ,rhetorick1 & ,logick :i* ,i h n se54 #bh4 ,9 #agjf1 ,ri*>d ,johnson publi%$ an octavo volume ( m ?an f\r hundr$ pages1 entitl$1 ,grammatical ,comm5t>ies2 be+ an ,app>atus to a ,new ,national ,gramm>3 by way ( animadv]sion ^u ! falsities1 obscurities1 r$undancies & defects ( ,lily's ,sy/em n[ 9 use4 ,?is is a "w ( great acut5ess1 lab\r1 & le>n+2 & might be ( signal use to any "o :o %\ld und]take to prep>e a new or improv$ ,lat9 gramm>3 ( :i*1 9 my op9ion1 we h yet urg5t ne$4 ,! ,engli% gramm>ian may also p]use x ) advantage1 if he has a good k ( ,lat9--& )\t su* k he mu/ be ill prep>$ = 8 task4 ,?is "w is spok5 ( & quot$ by "s ( ! e>ly ,engli% gramm>ians2 b ! hopes ( ! writ] d n appe> to h be5 realiz$4 ,8 book 0 n calculat$ to supply ! place ( ! common "o2 = ! au?or ?\ght x impracticable to make a new gramm>1 suitable = boys1 & at ! same "t to embrace 9 x pro(s suffici5t to remove ! prejudices ( tea*]s 9 fav\r ( ! old4 ,k+ ,h5ry's edict 9 support ( ,lily1 0 yet 9 =ce1 back$ by all ! p>tiality :i* long habit creates2 & ,johnson's le>n+1 & lab\r1 & zeal1 7 admir$1 & prais$1 & soon =got4 #bi4 ,ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury1 "s ( ! g5]\s wits ( ! reign ( ,que5 ,anne1 see+ ! ne$ !re 0 ( great] att5tion to _! v]nacul> language1 & ( a gramm> m prop]ly ,engli% ?an any !n 9 use1 produc$ a book ) :i* ! lat] writ]s on ! same subjects1 w\ld h done well to h made !mselves bett] acqua9t$4 ,x is entitl$ ,a ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,tongue2 ) ! ,arts ( ,logick1 ,rhetorick1 ,poetry1 c4 ,illu/rat$ ) useful ,notes2 giv+ ! ,gr\nds & ,reasons ( ,gramm> 9 ,g5]al4 ,! ,:ole mak+ a ,compleat ,sy/em ( an ,engli% ,education4 ,publi%$ by ,,john ,,brightl&1 = ! ,use ( ! ,s*ools ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,x is +5i\sly recomm5d$ 9 a c]tificate by ,sir ,ri*>d ,/eele1 or ! ,tattl]1 "u ! fictiti\s "n ( ,isaac ,bick]/aff1 ,esq41 & 9 a poem ( =ty-?ree l9es1 by ,nahum ,tate1 poet laureate to h] ,maje/y4 ,x is a duodecimo volume ( ?ree hundr$ pages2 a "w ( no inconsid]able m]it & orig9ality2 & writt5 9 a /yle :i*1 ?\gh n faultless1 has sc>cely be5 surpass$ by any ,engli% gramm>ian s9ce4 ,i quote x z ,brightl&'s3#gh :o 7 ! real au?ors1 does n appe>4 ,x seems to be ! "w ( m ?an "o1 & p]haps ! writ]s ( ! ,tattl] 7 ! m54 ,my copy is ( ! sev5? edition1 ,london1 pr9t$ = ,h5ry ,l9tot1 #agdf4 ,x is evid5tly ! "w ( v skillful h&s2 yet is x n 9 all respects well plann$ or well execut$4 ,x unwisely r$uces ! p>ts ( spee* to f\r2 gives !m new names2 & rejects m ( ! old sy/em ?an ! s*ools c\ld be made will+ to give up4 ,h5ce x does n appe> to h be5 v ext5sively adopt$4 #cj4 ,x is n[ ab\t a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s1 s9ce ,dr4 ,swift1 9 a public remon/rance address$ to ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d1 compla9$ ( ! imp]fect /ate ( our language1 & alleg$ 9 p>ticul>1 t 9 _m in/ances x (f5d$ aga9/ e "p ( gramm>4 #gi ,fifty ye>s aft]w>d1 ,dr4 ,l[? second$ ?is compla9t1 & press$ x home ^u ! polite & ! le>n$4 ,does he mean1 says ! latt]1 t ! ,engli% language1 z x is spok5 by ! polite/ "p ( ! nation1 & z x /&s 9 ! writ+s ( ! mo/ approv$ au?ors1 (t5 (f5ds aga9/ e "p ( gramm>8 ,?us f>1 ,i am afraid ! *>ge is true4--,l[?'s ,gramm>1 ,preface1 p4 iv4 ,yet ! le>n$ ,doctor1 to :om mu* praise has be5 ju/ly ascrib$ = ! enc\ragem5t :i* he gave to ?is neglect$ /udy1 attempt$ no?+ m ?an ,a ,%ort ,introduction to ,engli% ,gramm>2 :i*1 he says1 0 calculat$ = ! le>n] ev5 ( ! l[e/ class3 & ^? :o w\ld ent] m deeply into ! subject1 he ref]r$ to ,h>ris2 ^: "w is n an ,engli% gramm>1 b ,a ,philosophical ,inquiry conc]n+ ,univ]sal ,gramm>4 ,l[?'s ,gramm> 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ageh4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 preface1 ! rev]5d au?or1 aft] ackn[l$g+ ! enl>gem5t1 poli%1 & ref9em5t1 :i* ! language _h receiv$ dur+ ! prec$+ two hundr$ ye>s1 v5tures to add1 b1 :atev] o!r improvem5ts x may h receiv$1 x ha? made no advances 9 grammatical accuracy4 ,i d n quote ?is ass]tion to affirm x lit]ally true1 9 all its app>5t bread?2 b !re is less reason to boa/ ( ! correctness ev5 n[ atta9$1 ?an to believe t ! writ]s on gramm> are n ! au?ors :o h 9 g5]al come ne>e/ to x 9 practice4 ,nor h ! able/ au?ors always produc$ ! be/ comp5ds = ! lit]>y in/ruction ( y\?4 #ca4 ,! treatises ( ! le>n$ doctors ,h>ris1 ,l[?1 ,johnson1 ,a%1 ,prie/ley1 ,horne ,tooke1 ,crombie1 ,coote1 & ,web/]1 owe _! celebrity n s mu* to _! intr9sic fitness = s*ool in/ruction1 z to ! lit]>y reputation ( ! writ]s4 ,( ,h>ris's ,h]mes1 7:i*1 9 comp>ison ) our common gramm>s1 is inde$ a "w ( mu* +5uity & le>n+1 full ( int]e/+ speculations1 & writt5 ) great elegance bo? ( /yle & me?od17 ,dr4 ,l[? says1 x is ! mo/ beautiful & p]fect example ( analysis1 t has be5 exhibit$ s9ce ! days ( ,ari/otle4--,preface to ,gram41 p4 x4 ,b ^! two au?ors1 if _! works be tak5 toge!r1 z ! latt] int5d$ !y %\ld be1 supply no suffici5t c\rse ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,! in/ructions ( ! "o are too limit$1 & ^? ( ! o!r are n specially direct$ to ! subject4 #cb4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 :o 0 practically "o ( ! greate/ gramm>ians t ev] liv$1 & :o 0 v ne>ly coetane\s ) bo? ,h>ris & ,l[?1 speaks ( ! /ate ( ,engli% gramm> 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,i f\nd our spee* copi\s )\t ord]1 & en]getick )\t rules3 :]ev] ,i turn$ my view1 !re 0 p]plexity to be dis5tangl$1 & confusion to be regulat$4--,preface to ,dict41 p4 #a4 ,aga93 ,hav+ !re=e no assi/ance b f g5]al gramm>1 ,i appli$ myself to ! p]usal ( our writ]s2 & not+ :atev] might be ( use to asc]ta9 or illu/rate any ^w or phrase1 accumulat$ 9 "t ! mat]ials ( a diction>y4--,ibid4 ,b x is n giv5 to any "o man to d e ?+2 else1 ,johnson _h done x4 ,8 object 01 to compile a diction>y1 r ?an to compose a gramm>1 ( our language4 ,to lexicography1 gramm> is necess>y1 z a prep>ation2 b1 z a purpose1 x is m]ely incid5tal4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley speaks ( ,johnson ?us3 ,i mu/ n conclude ?is preface1 )\t mak+ my ackn[l$gem5ts to ,mr4 ,johnson1 ^: admirable diction>y has be5 ( ! greate/ use to me 9 ! /udy ( our language4 ,x is pity he _h n =m$ z j1 & z ext5sive an idea ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,p]haps ?is v useful "w may /ill be res]v$ = 8 di/+ui%$ abilities 9 ?is way4--,prie/ley's ,gramm>1 ,preface1 p4 xxiii4 ,dr4 ,johnson's ,engli% ,gramm> is all compris$ 9 f\rte5 pages1 & ( c\rse x is v defici5t4 ,! syntax he seems incl9$ entirely to omit1 z 7he says7 ,wallis did1 & ,b5 ,jonson _h bett] done2 b1 = =m's sake1 he condesc5ds to be/[ ^u x t5 %ort l9es4 #cc4 ,my po9t "h is1 t ! be/ gramm>ians h left mu* to be done by him :o may *oose to lab\r = ! fur!r improvem5t ( ,engli% gramm>2 & t a man may well des]ve comp>ative praise1 :o has n rea*$ p]fection 9 a sci5ce l ?is4 ,johnson himself committ$ _m errors1 "s ( :i* ,i %all h]eaft] expose2 yet ,i _c conceive t ! foll[+ judgem5t ( 8 works 0 p5n$ )\t "s bias ( prejudice3 ,johnson's m]it ought n to be d5i$ to him2 b 8 diction>y is ! mo/ imp]fect & faulty1 & ! lea/ valuable ( any#hj ( 8 productions2 & t %>e ( m]it :i* x possesses1 makes x by s mu* ! m hurtful4 ,i rejoice1 h[ev]1 t ?\gh ! lea/ valuable1 he f\nd x ! mo/ pr(itable3 = ,i c\ld nev] read 8 preface )\t %$d+ a te>4 ,& yet x mu/ be confess$1 t 8 gramm> & hi/ory & diction>y ( :at he calls ! ,engli% language1 are 9 all respects 7except ! bulk ( ! latt]#ha7 mo/ truly contemptible p]=mances2 & a reproa* to ! le>n+ & indu/ry ( a nation :i* c\ld receive !m ) ! slighte/ approbation4 ,ne>ly "o ?ird ( ?is diction>y is z mu* ! language ( ! ,hott5tots z ( ! ,engli%2 & x w\ld be no difficult matt] s to translate any "o ( ! pla9e/ & mo/ popul> numb]s ( ! ,spectator into ! language ( ?is diction>y1 t no m]e ,engli%man1 ?\gh well read 9 8 own language1 w\ld he able to compreh5d "o s5t5ce ( x4 ,x appe>s to be a "w ( lab\r1 & yet is 9 tru? "o ( ! mo/ idle p]=mances ev] (f]$ to ! public2 compil$ by an au?or :o possess$ n "o s+le requisite = ! und]tak+1 & 7be+ a publication ( a set ( booksell]s7 ow+ its success to t v circum/ance :i* alone mu/ make x impossible t x %\ld des]ve success4--,tooke's ,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ahb4 #cd4 ,dr4 ,a%'s ,grammatical ,in/itutes1 or ,easy ,introduction to ,dr4 ,l[?'s ,engli% ,gramm>1 is a meagre p]=mance1 ! ease ( :i* consi/s 9 no?+ b its brevity4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 :o 9 ! preface to 8 ?ird edition ackn[l$ges 8 obligations to ,johnson1 & also to ,l[?1 ?\ght x premature to attempt an ,engli% gramm>2 & cont5t$ himself ) publi%+ a few brief ,rudim5ts1 ) a loose app5dix consi/+ ( ,notes & ,obs]vations1 = ! use ( ^? :o h made "s pr(ici5cy 9 ! language4 ,he says1 ,) respect to our own language1 !re seems to be a k9d ( claim ^u all :o make use ( x1 to d some?+ = its improvem5t2 & ! be/ ?+ we c d = ?is purpose at pres5t1 is1 to exhibit its actual /ructure1 & ! v>ieties ) :i* x is us$4 ,:5 ^! are once di/9ctly po9t$ out1 & g5]ally att5d$ to1 ! be/ =ms ( spee*1 & ^? :i* are mo/ agreeable to ! analogy ( ! language1 w soon recomm5d !mselves1 & come into g5]al use2 & :51 by ?is means1 ! language %all be writt5 ) suffici5t uni=mity1 we may hope to see a complete gramm> ( x4 ,at pres5t1 x is by no means ripe = su* a "w2#hb b we may approximate to x v fa/1 if all p]sons :o are qualifi$ to make rem>ks ^u x1 w give a little att5tion to ! subject4 ,9 su* a case1 a few ye>s might be suffici5t to complete x4--,prie/ley's ,gramm>1 ,preface1 p4 xv4 ,9 po9t ( "t1 bo? ,a% & ,prie/ley expressly claim priority to ,l[?1 = _! fir/ editions2 b ! =m] hav+ all[$ 8 "w to be aft]w>ds entitl$ an ,introduction to ,l[?'s1 & ! latt] hav+ ackn[l$g$ "s improvem5ts 9 8 f ! same s\rce1 !y h bo? be5 reg>d$ z lat] au?ors4 #ce4 ,! great "w ( ! le>n$ etymologi/ ,john ,horne ,tooke1 consi/s ( two octavo volumes1 entitl$1 ,,epea ,,pt]o5ta1 or ! ,div]sions ( ,purley4 ,?is "w expla9s1 ) admirable sagacity1 ! orig9 & primitive import ( _m ( ! mo/ common yet mo/ obscure ,engli% words2 & is1 = t reason1 a valuable p]=mance4 ,b z x conta9s no?+ respect+ ! con/ruction ( ! language1 & embraces no prop] sy/em ( grammatical doctr9es1 x is a great error to suppose t ! common pr9ciples ( practical gramm> ought to give place to su* in/ructions1 or ev5 be modell$ accord+ to :at ! au?or proves to be true 9 respect to ! orig9 ( p>ticul> words4 ,! common gramm>ians 7 less confut$ by him1 ?an _m ( 8 read]s h imag9$2 & x ought n to be =gott5 t 8 purpose 0 z diff]5t f !irs1 z are _! s*emes ( ,gramm> f ! plan ( 8 critical ,div]sions4 ,9 ?is connexion may be m5tion$ an o!r "w ( simil> size & purpose1 b m compreh5sive 9 design2 ! ,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 by t a/oni%+ l+ui/ ! late ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray4 ,?is "w 0 left unf9i%$ by its lam5t$ au?or2 b x w rema9 a monum5t ( erudition nev] surpass$1 acquir$ 9 spite ( wants & difficulties z great z dilig5ce ev] surm\nt$4 ,l ,tooke's volumes1 x is h[ev] ( little use to ! m]e ,engli% s*ol>4 ,x c be read to advantage only by ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) sev]al o!r languages4 ,! works ( ,crombie & ,coote are m prop]ly essays or diss]tations1 ?an elem5t>y sy/ems ( gramm>4 #cf4 ,! numb] ( ,engli% gramm>s has n[ become s v great1 t n ev5 a g5]al idea ( ! comp>ative m]its or defects ( ea* c "h be giv54 ,i h exam9$ ) "s dilig5ce all t ,i h _h opportunity to obta92 b h he>d ( sev]al :i* ,i h nev] yet se54 ,:oev] is curi\s to exam9e at l>ge :at has be5 publi%$ on ?is subject1 & ?us to qualify himself to judge ! bett] ( any new gramm>1 may easily make a collection ( "o or two hundr$ be>+ diff]5t names4 ,!re are also _m works n call$ gramm>s1 f :i* our copyi/s h tak5 l>ge portions ( _! compilations4 ,?us ,murray confess$ly copi$ f t5 au?ors2 five ( :om are ,beattie1 ,%]idan1 ,walk]1 ,blair1 & ,campbell4 ,dr4 ,beattie1 :o acquir$ great celebrity z a tea*]1 poet1 philosoph]1 & logician1 0 well skill$ 9 gramm>2 b he treat$ ! subject only 9 critical disquisitions1 & n 9 any di/9ct elem5t>y "w adapt$ to g5]al use4 ,%]idan & ,walk]1 be+ lexicograph]s1 conf9$ !mselves *iefly to or?ography & pronunciation4 ,murray d]iv$ sundry pr9ciples f ! writ+s ( ea*2 b ! ,engli% ,gramm> prep>$ by ! latt]1 0 writt51 ,i ?9k1 sev]al ye>s lat] ?an ,murray's4 ,! le>n$ doctors ,blair & ,campbell wrote on rhetoric1 & n on ! elem5t>y p>ts ( gramm>4 ,( ! two1 ! latt] is by f> ! m accurate writ]4 ,blair is flu5t & easy1 b he furni%es n a little false syntax2 ,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric is a v valuable treatise4 ,to ^!1 & five or six o!r au?ors :om ,i h notic$1 0 ,l9dley ,murray pr9cipally indebt$ = 8 mat]ials4 ,?us f> ( ! fam\s contributors to ,engli% gramm>4 ,! ,lectures on ,rhetoric & ,oratory1 deliv]$ at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity by ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 & publi%$ 9 two octavo volumes 9 #ahaj1 are su* z d cr$it ev5 to t great man2 b !y desc5d less to v]bal criticism1 & ent] less into ! peculi> prov9ce ( ! gramm>ian1 ?an d mo/ o!r works ( a simil> title4 #cg4 ,"s ( ! mo/ respectable au?ors or compil]s ( m g5]al sy/ems ( ,engli% gramm> = ! use ( s*ools1 are ! writ] ( ! ,briti% ,gramm>1 ,bicknell1 ,bu*anan1 ,william ,w>d1 ,alex&] ,murray ! s*oolma/]1 ,m5nye1 ,fi%]1 ,l9dley ,murray1 ,p5n+1 ,w4 ,all51 ,grant1 ,david ,blair1 ,l5nie1 ,guy1 ,*ur*ill4 ,to attempt any ?+ l a review or comp>ative e/imate ( ^!1 w\ld protract ?is introduction beyond all reasonable b\nds2 & /ill o!rs w\ld be exclud$1 :i* are p]haps bett] entitl$ to notice4 ,( m]e modifi]s & abridg]s1 ! numb] is s great1 & ! m]it or fame s little1 t ,i w n trespass ^u ! read]'s pati5ce by any fur!r m5tion ( !m or _! works4 ,:oev] takes an accurate & compreh5sive view ( ! hi/ory & pres5t /ate ( ?is bran* ( le>n+1 ?\gh he may n conclude1 ) ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 t x is premature to attempt a complete gramm> ( ! language1 c sc>cely =be> to co9cide ) ,dr4 ,b>r[1 9 ! op9ion t among all ! treatises h]et(ore produc$ no su* gramm> is f\nd4 ,"s sup]fluities h be5 expung$1 "s mi/akes h be5 rectifi$1 & "s obscurities h be5 cle>$2 /ill1 h[ev]1 t all ! gramm>s us$ 9 our diff]5t s*ools1 public z well z private1 are disgrac$ by errors or defects1 is a compla9t z j z x is frequ5t & l\d4--,b>r['s ,essays1 p4 #hc4 #ch4 ,:e!r1 9 :at ,i h be5 enabl$ to d1 !re w be f\nd a rem$y = ?is compla9t1 mu/ be ref]r$ to ! decision ( o!rs4 ,^u ! probability ( effect+ ?is1 ,i h be5 will+ to /ake "s lab\r2 h[ mu*1 & ) :at m]it1 let ! c&id & disc]n+1 :5 !y %all h exam9$ = !mselves1 judge4 ,x is c]ta9 t we h hi!rto _h1 ( our language1 no complete gramm>4 ,! ne$ ( su* a "w ,i suppose to be at ?is "t 9 no small degree felt1 especially by ^? :o conduct our high] in/itutions ( le>n+2 & my ambition has be5 to produce "o :i* might des]v$ly /& along side ( ! ,port-,royal ,lat9 & ,greek ,gramm>s1 or ( ! ,grammaire des ,grammaires ( ,girault ,du ,vivi]4 ,if ?is "w is unwor?y to aspire to su* rank1 let ! patrons ( ,engli% lit]ature rememb] t ! a*ievem5t ( my design is /ill a desid]atum4 ,we surely h no o!r book :i* might1 9 any s5se1 h be5 call$ ! ,gramm> ( ,engli% ,gramm>s2 none1 :i*1 ei!r by excell5ce1 or on acc\nt ( ! p>ticul> direction ( its criticism1 might take su* a "n4 ,i h turn$ ! eyes ( ,gramm>1 9 an especial mann]1 ^u ! conduct ( h] own h\sehold2 & if1 f ?is volume1 ! read] acquire a m j idea ( ! gramm> :i* is display$ 9 ,engli% gramm>s1 he w discov] at lea/ "o reason = ! title :i* has be5 be/[$ ^u ! "w4 ,su* z ! book is1 ,i pres5t x to ! public1 )\t pride1 )\t self-seek+1 & )\t anxiety3 kn[+ t mo/ ( my read]s w be int]e/$ 9 e/imat+ x ju/ly2 t no true s]vice1 freely r5d]$ to le>n+1 c fail ( its end2 & t no a*ievem5t m]its aught ) ,him :o graci\sly supplies all ability4 ,! op9ions express$ 9 x h be5 =m$ ) c&\r1 & are (f]$ ) submission4 ,if 9 any ?+ !y are errone\s1 !re are ^? :o c detect _! faults4 ,9 ! language ( an anci5t ma/]1 ! e>ne/ & assidu\s ,despaut]1 ,i invite ! correction ( ! c&id3 ,nos quoque1 quantumcunque dilig5tes1 cm a c&idis tm a lividis c>pemur3 a c&idis int]dum j2 quos oro1 ut de erratis omnibus amic me admoneant--erro nonnunquam quia homo sum4 ,,goold ,,br[n4 ,new ,york1 #ahcf4 ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s4 ,gramm>1 z an art1 is ! p[] ( read+1 writ+1 & speak+ correctly4 ,z an acquisition1 x is ! ess5tial skill ( s*ol>%ip4 ,z a /udy1 x is ! practical sci5ce :i* tea*es ! "r use ( language4 ,an ,engli% ,gramm> is a book :i* pr(esses to expla9 ! nature & /ructure ( ! ,engli% language2 & to %[1 on j au?ority1 :at is1 & :at is n1 good ,engli%4 ,,engli% ,,gramm>1 9 itself1 is ! art ( read+1 writ+1 & speak+ ! ,engli% language correctly4 ,x implies1 9 ! adept1 su* k z enables him to avoid improprieties ( spee*2 to correct any errors t may occur 9 lit]>y compositions2 & to p>se1 or expla9 grammatically1 :atsoev] is rightly writt54 ,to read is to p]ceive :at is writt5 or pr9t$1 s z to und]/& ! words1 & be able to utt] !m ) _! prop] s\nds4 ,to write is to express words & ?\ghts by lett]s1 or *>act]s1 made ) a p5 or o!r in/rum5t4 ,to speak is to utt] words orally1 9 ord] t !y may be he>d & und]/ood4 ,gramm>1 l e o!r lib]al art1 c be prop]ly taught only by a regul> analysis1 or sy/ematic elucidation1 ( its compon5t p>ts or pr9ciples2 & ^! p>ts or pr9ciples mu/ be made kn[n *iefly by means ( def9itions & examples1 rules & ex]cises4 ,a p]fect def9ition ( any ?+ or class ( ?+s is su* a description ( x1 z di/+ui%es t entire ?+ or class f e ?+ else1 by briefly tell+ :at x is4 ,an example is a p>ticul> in/ance or model1 s]v+ to prove or illu/rate "s giv5 proposition or tru?4 ,a rule ( gramm> is "s law1 m or less g5]al1 by :i* cu/om regulates & prescribes ! "r use ( language4 ,an ex]cise is "s te*nical p]=mance requir$ ( ! le>n] 9 ord] to br+ 8 k & skill into practice4 ,,language1 9 ! primitive s5se ( ! t]m1 embrac$ only vocal expression1 or human spee* utt]$ by ! m\?2 b aft] lett]s 7 inv5t$ to repres5t articulate s\nds1 language became tw(old1 spok5 & writt51 s t ! t]m1 language1 n[ signifies1 any s]ies ( s\nds or lett]s =m$ into words & employ$ = ! expression ( ?\ght4 ,( ! composition ( language we h also two k9ds1 prose & v]se2 ! latt] requir+ a c]ta9 numb] & v>iety ( syllables 9 ea* l9e1 b ! =m] be+ free f any su* re/ra9t4 ,! lea/ p>ts ( writt5 language are lett]s2 ( spok5 language1 syllables2 ( language significant 9 ea* "p1 words2 ( language comb9+ ?\ght1 phrases2 ( language subjo9+ s5se1 clauses2 ( language cord9at+ s5se1 memb]s2 ( language complet+ s5se1 s5t5ces4 ,a disc\rse1 or n>ration1 ( any l5g?1 is b a s]ies ( s5t5ces2 :i*1 :5 writt51 mu/ be sep>at$ by ! prop] po9ts1 t ! mean+ & relation ( all ! words may be quickly & cle>ly p]ceiv$ by ! read]1 & ! :ole be utt]$ z ! s5se requires4 ,9 ext5d$ compositions1 a s5t5ce is usually less ?an a p>agraph2 a p>agraph1 less ?an a section2 a section1 less ?an a *apt]2 a *apt]1 less ?an a book2 a book1 less ?an a volume2 & a volume1 less ?an ! entire "w4 ,! common ord] ( lit]>y division1 !n1 is2 ( a l>ge "w1 into volumes2 ( volumes1 into books2 ( books1 into *apt]s2 ( *apt]s1 into sections2 ( sections1 into p>agraphs2 ( p>agraphs1 into s5t5ces2 ( s5t5ces1 into memb]s2 ( memb]s1 into clauses2 ( clauses1 into phrases2 ( phrases1 into words2 ( words1 into syllables2 ( syllables1 into lett]s4 ,b x r>ely happ5s t any "o "w requires ! use ( all ^! divisions2 & we (t5 assume "s natural di/9ction & ord] ( p>ts1 nam+ ea* z we f9d x2 & also subdivide into articles1 v]ses1 cantoes1 /anzas1 & o!r portions1 z ! nature ( ! subject sugge/s4 ,gramm> is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 namely1 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody4 ,or?ography treats ( lett]s1 syllables1 sep>ate words1 & spell+4 ,etymology treats ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 ) _! classes & modifications4 ,syntax treats ( ! relation1 agreem5t1 gov]nm5t1 & arrangem5t ( words 9 s5t5ces4 ,prosody treats ( punctuation1 utt]ance1 figures1 & v]sification4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 ! ,introduction to ?is "w1 h be5 tak5 _m views ( ! /udy1 or g5]al sci5ce1 ( gramm>2 _m notices ( its hi/ory1 ) sundry criticisms ^u its writ]s or critics2 & ?us language has (t5 be5 pres5t$ to ! read]'s consid]ation1 ei!r z a :ole1 or ) broad] scope ?an belongs to ! tea*+ ( its p>ticul> =ms4 ,we come n[ to ! "w ( analyz+ our own tongue1 & ( lay+ d[n ^? special rules & pr9ciples :i* %\ld guide u 9 ! use ( x1 :e!r 9 spee* or 9 writ+4 ,! au?or int5ds to diss5t f o!r gramm>ians no m ?an !y are f\nd to diss5t f tru? & reason2 nor w he expose _! errors fur!r ?an is necess>y = ! cr$it ( ! sci5ce & ! in=mation ( ! le>n]4 ,a c&id critic c h no satisfaction m]ely 9 f9d+ fault ) o!r m5's p]=mances4 ,b ! facts are n to be conceal$1 t _m pret5d]s to gramm> h %[n !mselves exce$+ly sup]ficial 9 _! k1 z well z slov5ly 9 _! practice2 & t _m va9 compos]s ( books h prov$ !mselves despis]s ( ?is /udy1 by ! abundance ( _! inaccuracies1 & ! obvi\sness ( _! solecisms4 ,,obs4 #b4--,"s gramm>ians h taught t ! ^w language is ( mu* broad] signification1 ?an t :i* is giv5 to x 9 ! def9ition above4 ,i conf9e x to spee* & writ+4 ,= ! propriety ( ?is limitation1 & aga9/ ^? au?ors :o describe ! ?+ o!rwise1 ,i appeal to ! common s5se ( mank9d4 ,"o late writ] def9es x ?us3 ,,language is any means by :i* "o p]son communicates 8 ideas to ano!r4--,s&]s's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #g4 ,! foll[+ is ! explanation ( an o!r slack ?9k]3 ,"o may1 by speak+ or by writ+1 7& sometimes by motions17 communicate 8 ?\ghts to o!rs4 ,! process by :i* ?is is done1 is call$ ,,language4--,language is ! expression ( ?\ght & feel+4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,dr4 ,web/] goes mu* fur!r1 & says1 ,,language1 9 its mo/ ext5sive s5se1 is ! in/rum5t or means ( communicat+ ideas & affections ( ! m9d & body1 f "o animal to ano!r4 ,9 ?is s5se1 brutes possess ! p[] ( language2 = by v>i\s in>ticulate s\nds1 !y make kn[n _! wants1 desires1 & suff]+s4-- ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aa2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,?is latt] def9ition ! au?or ( t va9 book1 ! ,di/rict ,s*ool1 has adopt$ 9 8 *apt] on ,gramm>4 ,%]idan1 ! celebrat$ actor & or?opi/1 ?\gh he seems to conf9e language to ! human species1 gives x su* an ext5sion z to make words no necess>y "p ( its ess5ce4 ,! fir/ ?\ght1 says he1 t w\ld occur to e "o1 :o _h n prop]ly consid]$ ! po9t1 is1 t language is compos$ ( words4 ,& yet1 ?is is s f> f be+ an adequate idea ( language1 t ! po9t 9 :i* mo/ m5 ?9k its v ess5ce to consi/1 is n ev5 a necess>y prop]ty ( language4 ,= language1 9 its full ext5t1 means1 any way or me?od :atsoev]1 by :i* all t passes 9 ! m9d ( "o man1 may be manife/$ to ano!r4--,%]idan's ,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #abi4 ,aga93 ,i h already %[n1 t words are1 9 _! own nature1 no ess5tial "p ( language1 & are only consid]$ s ?r\gh cu/om4--,ib4 p4 #ace4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,accord+ to ,s4 ,kirkham's notion1 ,,language1 9 its mo/ ext5sive s5se1 implies ^? signs by :i* m5 & brutes1 communicate to ea* o!r _! ?\ghts1 affections & desires4--,kirkham's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,aga93 ,! language ( brutes consi/s 9 ! use ( ^? in>ticulate s\nds by :i* !y express _! ?\ghts & affections4--,ib4 ,to me x seems a %ameful abuse ( spee*1 & a vile desc5t f ! dignity ( gramm>1 to make ! voices ( brutes any "p ( language1 z tak5 9 a lit]al s5se4 ,we might ) f> m propriety raise our conceptions ( x to ! sph]es above1 & con/rue lit]ally ! metaphors ( ,david1 :o ascribes to ! />ry heav5s1 bo? spee* & language1 voice & words1 daily utt]$ & ev]y:]e he>d4 ,see ,psalm xix4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,b1 /range z x may seem1 ,kirkham1 comm5c+ 8 in/ructions ) ! =ego+ def9ition ( language1 proce$s to divide x1 agreeably to ?is notion1 into two sorts1 natural & artificial2 & affirms t ! =m] is common bo? to man & brute1 & t ! language :i* is peculi> to man1 ! language :i* consi/s ( words1 is altoge!r an artificial inv5tion3#hc !reby contradict+ at once a ho/ ( ! mo/ celebrat$ gramm>ians & philosoph]s1 & t )\t appe>+ to "k x4 ,b ?is is ! less /range1 s9ce he imm$iately =gets 8 own def9ition & division ( ! subject1 & z pla9ly contradicts himself4 ,)\t limit+ ! t]m at all1 )\t exclud+ 8 fanciful language ( brutes1 he says1 on ! next leaf1 ,language is conv5tional1 & n only inv5t$1 b1 9 its progressive advancem5t1 v>i$ = purposes ( practical conv5i5ce4 ,h5ce x assumes any & e =m :i* ^? :o make use ( x1 *oose to give x4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,?is1 ?\gh sc>cely m rational ?an 8 natural language ( m5 & brutes1 pla9ly annihilates t que/ionable section ( grammatical sci5ce1 :e!r brutal or human1 by mak+ all language a ?+ conv5tional & inv5t$4 ,9 %ort1 x leaves no gr\nd at all = any grammatical sci5ce ( a positive "*1 because x resolves all =ms ( language into ! irresponsible w ( ^? :o utt] any words1 s\nds1 or noises4 ,,obs4 #e4--,nor is ?is g5tleman m =tunate 9 8 explanation ( :at may really be call$ language4 ,on "o page1 he says1 ,spok5 language or spee*1 is made up ( articulate s\nds utt]$ by ! human voice4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,on ! next1 ,! mo/ important use ( t faculty call$ spee*1 is1 to convey our ?\ghts to o!rs4--,ib41 p4 #ah4 ,?us ! gramm>ian :o1 9 ! same %ort p>agraph1 seems to defy ! +5uity ( man to give 8 words any o!r mean+ ?an t :i* he himself int5ds !m to express1 7,ib41 p4 #ai17 ei!r writes s badly z to make any ord9>y false syntax appe> trivial1 or actually conceives man to be ! inv5tor ( "o ( 8 own faculties4 ,nay1 docs he n make man ! contriv] ( t natural language :i* he possesses 9 common ) ! brutes8 a language ,! mean+ ( :i*1 he says1 all ! diff]5t animals p]fectly und]/&8--,see 8 ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,& if ?is notion aga9 be true1 does x n foll[1 t a horse kn[s p]fectly well :at horn$ cattle mean by _! bell[+1 or a flock ( geese by _! gabbl+8 ,i %\ld n h notic$ ^! ?+s1 _h n ! book :i* tea*es !m1 be5 made popul> by a ?\s& impos+ atte/ations to its excell5ce & accuracy4 ,= gramm> has no?+ at all to d ) in>ticulate voices1 or ! imag9>y languages ( brutes4 ,x is scope en\gh = "o sci5ce to expla9 all ! languages1 dialects1 & spee*es1 t lay claim to reason4 ,we ne$ n enl>ge ! field1 by desc5d+ ,to bea/s1 :om#hd ,god on _! creation-day ,creat$ mute to all articulate s\nd4--,milton4#he ,,"p ,i4 ,,or?ography4 ,,or?ography treats ( lett]s1 syllables1 sep>ate words1 & spell+4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,( ,,lett]s4 ,a ,lett] is an alphabetic "*1 :i* commonly repres5ts "s elem5t>y s\nd ( ! human voice1 "s elem5t ( spee*4 ,an elem5t>y s\nd ( ! human voice1 or an elem5t ( spee*1 is "o ( ! simple s\nds :i* compose a spok5 language4 ,! s\nd ( a lett] is commonly call$ its p[]3 :5 any lett] ( a ^w is n s\nd$1 x is said to be sil5t or mute4 ,! lett]s 9 ! ,engli% alphabet1 are tw5ty-six2 ! simple or prim>y s\nds :i* !y repres5t1 are ab\t ?irty-six or ?irty-sev54 ,a k ( ! lett]s consi/s 9 an acqua9tance ) ^! f\r sorts ( ?+s2 _! names1 _! classes1 _! p[]s1 & _! =ms4 ,! lett]s are writt51 or pr9t$1 or pa9t$1 or engrav$1 or emboss$1 9 an inf9ite v>iety ( %apes & sizes2 & yet are always ! same1 because _! ess5tial prop]ties d n *ange1 & _! names1 classes1 & p[]s1 are mo/ly p]man5t4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! diff]5t sorts ( types1 or /yles ( lett]s1 ) :i* e read] %\ld be e>ly acqua9t$3-- #a4 ,! ,roman3 ,a a1 ,b b1 ,c c1 ,d d1 ,e e1 ,f f1 ,g g1 ,h h1 ,i i1 ,j j1 ,k k1 ,l l1 ,m m1 ,n n1 o1 ,p p1 ,q q1 ,r r1 ,s s1 ,t t1 ,u u1 ,v v1 ,w w1 ,x x1 ,y y1 ,z z4 #b4 ,! ,italic3 ,a a1 ,b b1 ,c c1 ,d d1 ,e e1 ,f f1 ,g g1 ,h h1 ,i i1 ,j j1 ,k k1 ,l l1 ,m m1 ,n n1 o1 ,p p1 ,q q1 ,r r1 ,s s1 ,t t1 ,u u1 ,v v1 ,w w1 ,x x1 ,y y1 ,z z4 #c4 ,! ,script3 ,script3 ,a a1 ,b b1 ,c c1 ,d d1 ,e e1 ,f f1 ,g g1 ,h h1 ,i i1 ,j j1 ,k k1 ,l l1 ,m m1 ,n n1 o1 ,p p1 ,q q1 ,r r1 ,s s1 ,t t1 ,u u1 ,v v1 ,w w1 ,x x1 ,y y1 ,z z4 #d4 ,! ,old ,engli%3 ,old ,engli%3 ,a a1 ,b b1 ,c c1 ,d d1 ,e e1 ,f f1 ,g g1 ,h h1 ,i i1 ,j j1 ,k k1 ,l l1 ,m m1 ,n n1 o1 ,p p1 ,q q1 ,r r1 ,s s1 ,t t1 ,u u1 ,v v1 ,w w1 ,x x1 ,y y1 ,z z4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,a lett] consi/s n 9 ! figure only1 or 9 ! p[] only1 b 9 ! figure & p[] unit$2 z an ambassador consi/s n 9 ! man only1 or 9 ! commission only1 b 9 ! man commission$4 ,! figure & ! p[]1 !re=e1 are necess>y to con/itute ! lett]2 & a "n is z necess>y1 to call x by1 tea* x1 or tell :at x is4 ,! class ( a lett] is det]m9$ by ! nature ( its p[]1 or s\nd2 z ! ambassador is pl5ipot5ti>y or o!rwise1 accord+ to ! ext5t ( 8 commission4 ,to all b ! deaf & dumb1 writt5 language is ! repres5tative ( t :i* is spok52 s t1 9 ! view ( p 9 g5]al1 ! p[]s ( ! lett]s are habitually id5tifi$ ) _! s\nds1 & are conceiv$ to be no?+ else4 ,h5ce any giv5 s\nd1 or modification ( s\nd1 :i* all m5 c produce at pleasure1 :5 arbitr>ily associat$ ) a writt5 sign1 or conv5tional "*1 con/itutes :at is call$ a lett]4 ,?us we may produce ! s\nds ( a1 e1 o1 !n1 by a p>ticul> compression ( ! organs ( utt]ance1 modify !m all1 into ba1 be1 bo1 or fa1 fe1 fo2 & we %all see t a1 e1 & o1 are lett]s ( "o sort1 & b & f ( an o!r4 ,by elem5t>y or articulate s\nds1#hf !n1 we mean n only ! simple tones ( ! voice itself1 b ! modify+ /ops & turns :i* are giv5 !m 9 spee*1 & m>k$ by lett]s3 ! real voices con/itut+ v[els2 & _! modifications1 consonants4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,a m]e m>k to :i* no s\nd or p[] is ev] giv51 _c be a lett]2 ?\gh x may1 l ! m>ks us$ = punctuation1 des]ve a "n & a place 9 gramm>4 ,commas1 semicolons1 & ! l1 repres5t sil5ce1 r ?an s\nds1 & are !re=e n lett]s4 ,nor are ! ,arabic figures1 :i* repres5t entire words1 nor aga9 any symbols /&+ = ?+s1 7z ! a/ronomic m>ks = ! sun1 ! moon1 ! planets17 to be conf\nd$ ) lett]s2 because ! repres5tative ( any ^w or numb]1 ( any "n or ?+1 diff]s widely 9 its p[]1 f ! sign ( a simple elem5t>y s\nd3 i4 e41 f any con/itu5t "p ( a writt5 ^w4 ,! fir/ lett] ( a ^w or "n does inde$ sometimes /& = ! :ole1 & is /ill a lett]2 b x is s1 z be+ ! fir/ elem5t ( ! ^w1 & n z be+ ! repres5tative ( ! :ole4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 _! def9itions ( v[els & consonants1 _m gramm>ians h resolv$ lett]s into s\nds only2 z1 ,a ,v[el is an articulate s\nd1 c4--,a ,consonant is an articulate s\nd1 c4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,b ?is conf\nd+ ( ! visible signs ) ! ?+s :i* !y signify1 is v f> f be+ a true acc\nt ( ei!r4 ,besides1 lett]s comb9$ are capable ( a c]ta9 my/]i\s p[] :i* is indep5d5t ( all s\nd1 ?\gh spee*1 d\btless1 is :at !y prop]ly repres5t4 ,9 practice1 almo/ all ! lett]s may occasionally happ5 to be sil5t2 yet are !y n1 9 ^! cases1 necess>ily useless4 ,! deaf & dumb also1 to :om none ( ! lett]s express or repres5t s\nds1 may be taught to read & write und]/&+ly4 ,!y ev5 le>n 9 "s way to di/+ui% ! acc5t$ f ! unacc5t$ syllables1 & to h "s notion ( quantity1 or ( some?+ else equival5t to x2 = "s ( !m1 x is said1 c compose v]ses accord+ to ! rules ( prosody4 ,h5ce x w\ld appe>1 t ! p[]s ( ! lett]s are n1 ( necessity1 id5tifi$ ) _! s\nds2 ! ?+s be+ 9 "s respect di/+ui%able1 ?\gh ! t]ms are commonly tak5 z synonym\s4 ,! fact is1 t a ^w1 :e!r spok5 or writt51 is ( itself significant1 :e!r its correspond+ =m be kn[n or n4 ,h5ce1 9 ! "o =m1 x may be p]fectly intelligible to ! illit]ate1 & 9 ! o!r1 to ! educat$ deaf & dumb2 :ile1 to ! le>n$ :o he> & speak1 ei!r =m imm$iately sugge/s ! o!r1 ) ! mean+ common to bo?4 ,,obs4 #d4--,our k ( lett]s rises no high] ?an to ! =ms us$ by ! anci5t ,hebrews & ,pho5icians4 ,moses is suppos$ to h writt5 9 *>act]s :i* 7 ne>ly ! same z ^? call$ ,sam>itan1 b 8 writ+s h come to u 9 an alphabet m beautiful & regul>1 call$ ! ,*aldee or ,*aldaic1 :i* is said to h be5 made by ,ezra ! scribe1 :5 he wrote out a new copy ( ! law1 aft] ! rebuild+ ( ! temple4 ,cadmus c>ri$ ! ,pho5ician alphabet into ,greece1 :]e x 0 subsequ5tly alt]$ & enl>g$4 ,! small lett]s 7 n inv5t$ till ab\t ! sev5? c5tury ( our era4 ,! ,lat9s1 or ,romans1 d]iv$ mo/ ( _! capitals f ! ,greeks2 b _! small lett]s1 if !y _h any1 7 made aft]w>ds among !mselves4 ,?is alphabet und]w5t v>i\s *anges1 & receiv$ v great improvem5ts1 be=e x became t beautiful s]ies ( *>act]s :i* we n[ use1 "u ! "n ( ,roman lett]s4 ,inde$ ^! p>ticul> =ms1 :i* are n[ ju/ly pref]r$ by _m nations1 are said to h be5 adopt$ aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,! ,roman lett]s 7 fir/ us$ by ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz1 pr9t]s :o settl$ at ,rome1 9 #adfg4 ,! e>lie/ "w pr9t$ :olly 9 ?is "* 9 ,engl&1 is said to h be5 ,lily's or ,paul's ,accid5ce1 pr9t$ by ,ri*>d ,p9son1 #aeah4 ,! ,italic lett]s 7 inv5t$ by ,aldus ,manutius at ,rome1 t[>ds ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & 7 fir/ us$ 9 an edition ( ,virgil1 9 #aeja4--;,con/ables ,miscellany1 ,vol4 xx1 p4 #adg4 ,! ,saxon alphabet 0 mo/ly ,roman4 ,n m ?an "o qu>t] ( ! lett]s h o!r =ms4 ,b ! *anges1 ?\gh few1 give to a pr9t$ page a v diff]5t appe>ance4 ,"u ,william ! ,conqu]or1 ?is alphabet 0 sup]s$$ by ! mod]n ,go?ic1 ,old ,engli%1 or ,black lett]2 :i*1 9 its turn1 happily gave place to ! pres5t ,roman4 ,! ,g]mans /ill use a type simil> to ! ,old ,engli%1 b n s heavy4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,i h sugge/$ t a true k ( ! lett]s implies an acqua9tance ) _! names1 _! classes1 _! p[]s1 & _! =ms4 ,"u ^! f\r heads1 !re=e1 ,i %all briefly pres5t :at seems mo/ wor?y ( ! le>n]'s att5tion at fir/1 & %all res]ve = ! app5dix a m p>ticul> acc\nt ( ^! important elem5ts4 ,! mo/ common & ! mo/ useful ?+s are n ^? ab\t :i* we are 9 g5]al mo/ inquisitive4 ,h5ce _m1 :o ?9k !mselves suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! lett]s1 d 9 fact "k b v little ab\t !m4 ,if a p]son is able to read "s easy book1 he is apt to suppose he has no m to le>n respect+ ! lett]s2 or he neglects ! m9ute /udy ( ^! elem5ts1 because he sees :at words !y make1 & c amuse himself ) /ories ( ?+s m int]e/+4 ,b m]ely to und]/& common ,engli%1 is a v small qualification = him :o aspires to s*ol>%ip1 & especially = a tea*]4 ,= "o may d ?is1 & ev5 be a great read]1 )\t ev] be+ able to "n ! lett]s prop]ly1 or to pron\nce su* syllables z ca1 ce1 ci1 co1 cu1 cy1 )\t gett+ half ( !m wrong4 ,no "o c ev] tea* an art m p]fectly ?an he has le>n$ x2 & if we neglect ! elem5ts ( gramm>1 our atta9m5ts mu/ ne$s be proportionately unsettl$ & sup]ficial4 ,i4 ,,names ,,( ,,! ,,lett]s4 ,! names ( ! lett]s1 z n[ commonly spok5 & writt5 9 ,engli%1 are ,a1 ,bee1 ,cee1 ,dee1 ,e1 ,eff1 ,gee1 ,ait*1 ,i1 ,jay1 ,kay1 ,ell1 ,em1 ,en1 ,o1 ,pee1 ,kue1 ,ar1 ,ess1 ,tee1 ,u1 ,vee1 ,d\ble-u1 ,ex1 ,wy1 ,zee4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,) ! le>n+ & application ( ^! names1 our lit]>y education beg9s2 ) a cont9ual rehe>sal ( !m 9 spell+1 x is = a long "t c>ri$ on2 nor c we ev] disp5se ) !m1 b by sub/itut+ o!rs1 or by ceas+ to m5tion ! ?+s ?us nam$4 ,:at is obvi\sly indisp5sable1 ne$s no pro( ( its importance4 ,b ,i "k n :e!r x has ev] be5 notic$1 t ^! names1 l ^? ( ! days ( ! week1 are wor?y ( p>ticul> di/9ction1 = _! own nature4 ,!y are words ( a v peculi> k9d1 be+ n\ns t are at once bo? prop] & common4 ,=1 9 respect to rank1 "*1 & design1 ea* lett] is a ?+ /rictly individual & id5tical--t is1 x is ev] "o & ! same2 yet1 9 an o!r respect1 x is a compreh5sive sort1 embrac+ individuals bo? v>i\s & numb]less4 ,?us e ,b is a b1 make x z y w2 & c be no?+ else ?an t same lett] b1 ?\gh y make x 9 a ?\s& diff]5t fa%ions1 & multiply x aft] ea* patt]n innum]ably4 ,"h1 !n1 we see individuality comb9$ at once ) great div]sity1 & inf9ite multiplicity2 & x is to ?is comb9ation1 t lett]s owe _! wond]ful p[] ( transmitt+ ?\ght4 ,_! names1 !re=e1 %\ld always be writt5 ) capitals1 z prop] n\ns1 at lea/ 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 & %\ld =m ! plural regul>ly1 z ord9>y appellatives4 ,?us3 7if we adopt ! names n[ mo/ g5]ally us$ 9 ,engli% s*ools37 ,a1 ,aes2 ,bee1 ,bees2 ,cee1 ,cees2 ,dee1 ,dees2 ,e1 ,ees2 ,eff1 ,effs2 ,gee1 ,gees2 ,ait*1 ,ait*es2 ,i1 ,ies2 ,jay1 ,jays2 ,kay1 ,kays2 ,ell1 ,ells2 ,em1 ,ems2 ,en1 ,ens2 ,o1 ,oes2 ,pee1 ,pees2 ,kue1 ,kues2 ,ar1 ,ars2 ,ess1 ,esses2 ,tee1 ,tees2 ,u1 ,ues2 ,vee1 ,vees2 ,d\ble-u1 ,d\ble-ues2 ,ex1 ,exes2 ,wy1 ,wies2 ,zee1 ,zees4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! names ( ! lett]s1 z express$ 9 ! mod]n languages1 are mo/ly fram$ ) ref]5ce to _! p[]s1 or s\nds4 ,yet is !re 9 ,engli% no lett] ( :i* ! "n is always id5tical ) its p[]3 = ,a1 ,e1 ,i1 ,o1 & ,u1 are ! only lett]s :i* c "n !mselves1 & all ^! h o!r s\nds ?an ^? :i* _! names express4 ,! simple p[]s ( ! o!r lett]s are s manife/ly insuffici5t to =m any "n1 & s palpable is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! nature & ! "n ( ea*1 t did we n "k h[ education has be5 trifl$ )1 x w\ld be h>d to believe ev5 ,murray1 :5 he says1 ,!y are frequ5tly conf\nd$ by writ]s on gramm>4 ,obs]vations & reason+s on ! "n1 are (t5 appli$ to expla9 ! nature ( a consonant2 & by ?is means ! /ud5t is l$ into error & p]plexity4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #h4 ,! conf\nd+ ( names ) ! ?+s = :i* !y /&1 implies1 unque/ionably1 great c>elessness 9 ! use ( spee*1 & great indi/9ctness ( appreh5sion 9 respect to ?+s2 yet s common is ?is error1 t ,murray himself has _m times fall5 into x4#hg ,let ! le>n] !re=e be on 8 gu>d1 rememb]+ t gramm>1 bo? 9 its /udy & 9 its practice1 requires ! con/ant ex]cise ( a rational disc]nm5t4 ,^? lett]s :i* "n !mselves1 take = _! names ^? s\nds :i* !y usually repres5t at ! end ( an acc5t$ syllable2 ?us ! names1 ,a1 ,e1 ,i1 ,o1 ,u1 are utt]$ ) ! s\nds giv5 to ! same lett]s 9 ! fir/ syllables ( ! o!r names1 ,abel1 ,eno*1 ,isaac1 ,ob$1 ,urim2 or 9 ! fir/ syllables ( ! common words1 pap]1 p5al1 pilot1 pot5t1 pupil4 ,! o!r lett]s1 mo/ ( :i* c nev] be p]fectly s\nd$ alone1 h names 9 :i* _! p[]s are comb9$ ) o!r s\nds m vocal2 z1 ,bee1 ,cee1 ,dee1--,ell1 ,em1 ,en1--,jay1 ,kay1 ,kue4 ,b 9 ?is respect ! t]ms ,ait* & ,d\ble-u are irregul>2 because !y h no obvi\s ref]5ce to ! p[]s ( ! lett]s ?us nam$4 ,,obs4 #c4--,lett]s1 l all o!r ?+s1 mu/ be le>n$ & spok5 ( by _! names2 nor c !y be spok5 ( o!rwise2 yet1 z ! simple *>act]s are bett] kn[n & m easily exhibit$ ?an _! writt5 names1 ! =m] are (t5 sub/itut$ = ! latt]1 & are read z ! words = :i* !y are assum$4 ,h5ce ! or?ography ( ^! words has hi!rto be5 left too mu* to m]e fancy or caprice4 ,our diction>ies1 by a /range ov]sight or neglig5ce1 d n recognize !m z words2 & writ]s h 9 g5]al spell$ !m ) v little reg>d to ei!r au?ority or analogy4 ,:at !y are1 or ought to be1 has !re=e be5 treat$ z a trifl+ "q3 &1 :at is /ill m surpris+1 sev]al au?ors ( spell+-books make no m5tion at all ( !m2 :ile o!rs1 "h at ! v ?re%old ( in/ruction1 tea* falsely--giv+ he = ,ait*1 er = ,ar1 oo or uu = ,d\ble-u1 ye = ,wy1 & writ+ almo/ all ! re/ improp]ly4 ,s t _m p]sons :o ?9k !mselves well educat$1 w\ld be greatly puzzl$ to "n on pap] ^! simple elem5ts ( all le>n+4 ,nay1 !re c be f\nd a hundr$ m5 :o c readily write ! alphabetic names :i* 7 9 use two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago 9 ,greece or ,pale/9e1 = "o :o c d ! same ?+ ) propriety1 respect+ ^? :i* we n[ employ s con/antly 9 ,engli%3#hh & yet ! words !mselves are z famili> to e s*ool-boy's lips z are ! *>act]s to 8 eye4 ,?is fact may help to conv9ce u1 t ! gramm> ( our language has nev] yet be5 suffici5tly taught4 ,among all ! p>ticul>s :i* con/itute ?is subject1 !re are none :i* bett] des]ve to be ev]y:]e kn[n1 by prop] & det]m9ate names1 ?an ^! prime elem5ts ( all writt5 language4 ,,obs4 #d4--,%\ld x happ5 to be ask$ a hundr$ lu/rums h5ce1 :at 7 ! names ( ! lett]s 9 ! ,augu/an age ( ,engli% lit]ature1 or 9 ! days ( ,william ! ,f\r? & ,&rew ,jackson1 ,i fe> ! le>n$ ( t day w be z mu* at a loss = an answ]1 z w\ld mo/ ( our college tutors n[1 7 !y ask$1 by :at s]ies ( names ! ,roman y\? 7 taught to spell4 ,might n ,qu9tilian or ,v>ro h oblig$ _m1 by record+ ^!8 ,z x is1 we are indebt$ to ,priscian1 a gramm>ian ( ! six? c5tury1 = almo/ all we "k ab\t !m4 ,b ev5 ! in=mation :i* may be _h1 on ?is po9t1 has be5 /rangely ov]look$ by our common ,lat9 gramm>ians4#hi ,:at1 b ! great] c>e ( e>li] writ]s1 has made ! ,greek names bett] kn[n or m important ?an ! ,lat98 ,9 e nation t is n totally illit]ate1 cu/om mu/ h e/abli%$ = ! lett]s a c]ta9 set ( names1 :i* are ! only true ones1 & :i* are ( c\rse to be pref]r$ to su* z are local or unau?oriz$4 ,9 ?is1 h[ev]1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 use may sometimes v>y1 & possibly improve2 b :5 its decisions are cle>1 no feeble reason %\ld be all[$ to di/urb !m4 ,e p>5t1 !re=e1 :o w\ld h 8 *ildr5 in/ruct$ to read & write ! ,engli% language1 %\ld see t 9 ! fir/ place !y le>n to "n ! lett]s z !y are commonly nam$ 9 ,engli%4 ,a ,scot* g5tleman ( good education in=ms me1 t ! names ( ! lett]s1 z he fir/ le>n$ !m 9 a s*ool 9 8 own c\ntry1 7 ^!3 ,a1 ,ib1 ,ec1 ,id1 ,e1 ,iff1 ,ig1 ,i*1 ,i1 ,ij1 ,ik1 ,ill1 ,im1 ,91 ,o1 ,ip1 ,kue1 ,ir1 ,iss1 ,x1 ,u1 ,iv1 ,d\ble-u1 ,ix1 ,wy1 ,iz2 b t 9 ! same s*ool ! ,engli% names are n[ us$4 ,x is to be hop$1 t all tea*]s w 9 "t ab&on e su* local usage1 & "n ! lett]s z !y ought to be nam$2 & t ! day w come1 9 :i* ! regul> ,engli% or?ography ( ^! t]ms1 %all be /eadily pref]r$1 ignorance ( x be ?\ght a disgrace1 & ! mak]s ( s*ool-books feel no long] at lib]ty to alt] names t are a ?\s& times bett] kn[n ?an _! own4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,x is n 9 respect to _! or?ography alone1 t ^! fir/ words 9 lit]ature dem& inquiry & reflection3 ! pronunciation ( "s ( !m has (t5 be5 taught errone\sly1 &1 ) respect to ?ree or f\r ( !m1 "s writ]s h attempt$ to make an entire *ange f ! cu/om>y =ms :i* ,i h record$4 ,:e!r ! "n ( ! fir/ lett] %\ld be pron\nc$ ,aye1 z x is 9 ,engl&1 ,ah1 z x is 9 ,irel&1 or ,aw1 z x is 9 ,scotl&1 is a "q :i* ,walk] has l>gely discuss$1 & cle>ly decid$ 9 fav\r ( ! fir/ s\nd2 & ?is decision accords ) ! univ]sal practice ( ! s*ools 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is rem>kable t ?is able critic1 ?\gh he treat$ m9utely ( ! lett]s1 nam+ !m all 9 ! outset ( 8 ,pr9ciples subsequ5tly neglect$ ! names ( !m all1 except ! fir/ & ! la/4 ,( ,zee1 7:i* has also be5 call$ ,z$1 ,zad1 ,izz>d1 ,uzz>d1 ,izzet1 & ,iz17#ij he says1 ,its common "n is izz>d1 :i* ,dr4 ,johnson expla9s into s h>d2 if1 h[ev]1 ?is is ! mean+1 x is a gross misnom]2 = ! z is n ! h>d1 b ! s(t s2#ia b z x has a less %>p1 & !re=e n s audible a s\nd1 x is n impossible b x may mean s surd4 ,z$1 borr[$ f ! ,fr5*1 is ! m fa%ionable "n ( ?is lett]2 b1 9 my op9ion1 n to be admitt$1 because ! names ( ! lett]s ought to h no div]sity4--,walk]'s ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #dhc4 ,x is true1 ! "n ( a lett] ought to be "o1 & 9 no respect div]se2 b :]e div]sity has already obta9$1 & become firmly root$ 9 cu/om1 is x to be obviat$ by insi/+ ^u :at is old-fa%ion$1 awkw>d1 & inconv5i5t8 ,%all ! bett] usage give place to ! worse8 ,uni=mity _c be s rea*$4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 bo? ,z$ & ,izz>d1 z well z ! worse =ms ,zad & ,uzz>d1 are n[ fairly sup]s$$ by ! s(t] & bett] t]m ,zee2 & :oev] w spell al\d1 ) ea* ( ^! names1 a few su* words z dizzy1 mizz51 gizz>d1 may easily p]ceive :y none ( ! =m] c ev] be br\ght aga9 into use4 ,! o!r two1 ,iz & ,izzet1 be+ localisms1 & n au?oriz$ ,engli%1 ,i give up all six2 ,z$ to ! ,fr5*1 & ! re/ to oblivion4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,by way ( apology = notic+ ! "n ( ! fir/ lett]1 ,walk] obs]ves1 ,if a div]sity ( names to v[els did n conf\nd u 9 our spell+1 or decl>+ to ea* o!r ! compon5t lett]s ( a ^w1 x w\ld be entirely ne$less to ent] into s trifl+ a "q z ! m]e "n ( a lett]2 b :5 we f9d ourselves unable to convey signs to ea* o!r on acc\nt ( ?is div]sity ( names1 & t words !mselves are endang]$ by an improp] utt]ance ( _! compon5t p>ts1 x seems highly incumb5t on u to attempt a uni=mity 9 ?is po9t1 :i*1 insignificant z x may seem1 is und\bt$ly ! f\ndation ( a j & regul> pronunciation4--,dict41 "u ,a4 ,if div]sity 9 ?is matt] is s p]plex+1 :at %all we say to ^? :o are attempt+ innovations )\t assign+ reasons1 or ev5 pret5d+ au?ority8 & if a k ( ^! names is ! basis ( a j pronunciation1 :at %all we ?9k ( him :o w take no pa9s to asc]ta9 h[ he ought to speak & write !m8 ,he :o pret5ds to tea* ! prop] fa%ion ( speak+ & writ+1 _c deal hone/ly1 if ev] he sil5tly pref] a sugge/$ improvem5t1 to any e/abli%$ & undi/urb$ usage ( ! language2 =1 9 gramm>1 no individual au?ority c be a c\nt]poise to g5]al cu/om4 ,! be/ usage c nev] be t :i* is little kn[n1 nor c x be well asc]ta9$ & taught by him :o kn[s little4 ,inquisitive m9ds are ev] curi\s to le>n ! nature1 orig91 & causes ( ?+s2 & t in/ruction is ! mo/ useful1 :i* is be/ calculat$ to gratify ?is rational curiosity4 ,?is is my apology = dwell+ s long ^u ! pres5t topic4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! names orig9ally giv5 to ! lett]s 7 n m]e notations ( s\nd1 int5d$ solely to express or make kn[n ! p[]s ( ! sev]al *>act]s !n 9 use2 nor ought ev5 ! mod]n names ( our pres5t lett]s1 ?\gh =m$ ) special ref]5ce to _! s\nds1 to be consid]$ su*4 ,expressions ( m]e s\nd1 su* z ! notations 9 a pron\nc+ diction>y1 hav+ no ref]5ce to :at is meant by ! s\nd1 d n con/itute words at all2 because !y are n ^? ackn[l$g$ signs to :i* a mean+ has be5 atta*$1 & are consequ5tly )\t t significance :i* is an ess5tial prop]ty ( words4 ,b1 9 e language1 !re mu/ be a s]ies ( s\nds by :i* ! alphabetical *>act]s are commonly kn[n 9 spee*2 & :i*1 z !y are ! ackn[l$g$ names ( ^! p>ticul> objects1 mu/ be entitl$ to a place among ! words ( ! language4 ,x is a great error to judge o!rwise2 & a great] to make x a trifl+ "q 9 gramm>1 :e!r a giv5 lett] %all be call$ by "o "n or by an o!r4 ,:o %all say t ,dale?1 ,delta1 & ,dee1 are n ?ree real words1 ea* equally important 9 ! language to :i* x prop]ly belongs8 ,su* names h always be5 9 use :]ev] lit]ature has be5 cultivat$2 & z ! =ms & p[]s ( ! lett]s h be5 *ang$ by ! nations1 & h become diff]5t 9 diff]5t languages1 !re has necess>ily foll[$ a *ange ( ! names4 ,=1 :atev] inconv5i5ce s*ol>s may f9d 9 ! div]sity :i* has !nce aris51 to "n ^! elem5ts 9 a set ( =eign t]ms1 inconsi/5t ) ! g5ius ( ! language to be le>n$1 w\ld surely be att5d$ ) a t5fold great]4 ,we d]iv$ our lett]s1 & _! names too1 f ! ,romans2 b ?is is no good reason :y ! latt] %\ld be spell$ & pron\nc$ z we suppose !y 7 spell$ & pron\nc$ 9 ,rome4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! names ( ! tw5ty-two lett]s 9 ,hebrew1 are1 )\t dispute1 prop] words2 = !y are n only significant ( ! lett]s ?us nam$1 b h 9 g5]al1 if n 9 e in/ance1 "s o!r mean+ 9 t language4 ,?us ! my/]i\s ciph]s :i* ! ,engli% read] meets )1 & wond]s ov]1 z he reads ! #aai? ,psalm1 may be resolv$1 accord+ to "s ( ! ,hebrew gramm>s1 z foll[s3-- ,hebrew3 ,aleph ,aleph1 ,a1 an ox1 or a lead]2 ,hebrew3 ,be? ,be?1 ,bee1 h\se2 ,hebrew3 ,gimel ,gimel1 ,gee1 a camel2 ,hebrew3 ,dalet ,dale?1 ,dee1 a door2 ,hebrew3 he ,he1 ,e1 %e1 or behold2 ,hebrew3 vav ,vau1 ,u1 a hook1 or a nail2 ,hebrew3 zaj9 ,za91 ,zee1 arm\r2 ,hebrew3 het ,*e?1 or ,he?1 ,ait*1 a h$ge2 ,hebrew3 tet ,te?1 ,tee1 a s]p5t1 or a scroll2 ,hebrew3 jod ,jod1 or ,yod1 ,i1 or ,wy1 a h& %ut2 ,hebrew3 kaf ,caph1 ,cee1 a holl[ h&1 or a cup2 ,hebrew3 lam$ ,lam$1 ,ell1 an ox-goad2 ,hebrew3 mem ,mem1 ,em1 a /a91 or spot2 ,hebrew3 nun ,nun1 ,en1 a fi%1 or a snake2 ,hebrew3 samekh ,same*1 ,ess1 a basis1 or support2 ,hebrew3 ay9 ,a91 or ,o91 ,o1 an eye1 or a well2 ,hebrew3 pe ,pe1 ,pee1 a lip1 or m\?2 ,hebrew3 tsadi ,tzaddi1 or ,tsadhe1 ,tee-zee1 7i4 e4 tz1 or ts17 a hunt]'s pole2 ,hebrew3 q( ,koph1 ,kue1 or ,kay1 an ape2 ,hebrew3 re% ,res*1 or ,re%1 ,ar1 a head2 ,hebrew3 %9 ,s*91 or ,s91 ,ess-ait*1 or ,ess1 a too?2 ,hebrew3 tav ,tau1 or ,?au1 ,tee1 or ,tee-ait*1 a cross1 or m>k4 ,^! ,engli% names ( ! ,hebrew lett]s are writt5 ) mu* less uni=mity ?an ^? ( ! ,greek1 because !re has be5 m dispute respect+ _! p[]s4 ,?is is directly contr>y to :at "o w\ld h expect$2 s9ce ! ,hebrew names are words orig9ally significant ( o!r ?+s ?an ! lett]s1 & ! ,greek are n4 ,! orig9al pronunciation ( bo? languages is admitt$ to be lo/1 or involv$ 9 s mu* obscurity t little c be positively affirm$ ab\t x2 & yet1 :]e lea/ 0 kn[n1 gramm>ians h produc$ ! mo/ div]sity2 aim+ at disput$ s\nds 9 ! "o case1 b g5]ally pref]r+ a correspond5ce ( lett]s 9 ! o!r4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! ^w alphabet is d]iv$ f ! fir/ two names 9 ! foll[+ s]ies4 ,! ,greek lett]s are tw5ty-f\r2 :i* are =m$1 nam$1 & s\nd$1 ?us3-- ,greek3 ,a a1 ,alpha1 a2 ,greek3 ,b1 b1 ,beta1 b2 ,greek3 ,g g1 ,gamma1 g h>d2 ,greek3 ,d d1 ,delta1 d2 ,greek3 ,e e1 ,epsilon1 e %ort2 ,greek3 ,z z1 ,zeta1 z2 ,greek3 1 ,eta1 e long2 ,greek3 ,,? ,? ?1 ,!ta1 ?2 ,greek3 ,i i1 ,iota1 i2 ,greek ,k k1 ,kappa1 k2 ,greek3 ,l l1 ,lambda1 l2 ,greek3 ,m m1 ,mu1 m2 ,greek3 ,n n1 ,nu1 n2 ,greek3 ,x x1 ,xi1 x2 ,greek3 ,o o1 ,omicron1 o %ort2 ,greek3 ,p p1 ,pi1 p2 ,greek3 ,r r ,rho1 r2 ,greek3 ,s s s1 ,sigma1 s2 ,greek3 ,t t1 ,tau1 t2 ,greek3 ,y y1 ,upsilon1 u2 ,greek3 ,,ph ph1 ,phi1 ph2 ,greek3 ,,* *1 ,*i1 *2 ,greek3 ,,ps ps1 ,psi1 ps2 ,greek3 ,o o1 ,omega1 o long4 ,( ^! names1 our ,engli% diction>ies expla9 ! fir/ & ! la/2 & ,web/] has def9$ ,iota1 & ,zeta1 b )\t ref]5ce to ! mean+ ( ! =m] 9 ,greek4 ,beta1 ,delta1 ,lambda1 & p]haps "s o!rs1 are also f\nd 9 ! etymologies or def9itions ( ,johnson & ,web/]1 bo? ( :om spell ! ^w ,lambda & its d]ivative lambdoidal )\t ! sil5t b1 :i* is commonly1 if n always1 ins]t$ by ! au?ors ( our ,greek gramm>s1 & :i* ,worce/]1 m prop]ly1 reta9s4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! read] w obs]ve t ! =ego+ names1 :e!r ,greek or ,hebrew1 are 9 g5]al mu* less simple ?an ^? :i* our lett]s n[ be>2 & if he has ev] attempt$ to spell al\d 9 ei!r ( ^? languages1 he _c b be s5sible ( ! great advantage :i* 0 ga9$ :5 to ea* lett] !re 0 giv5 a %ort "n1 expressive1 z ours mo/ly are1 ( its ord9>y p[]4 ,?is improvem5t appe>s to h be5 introduc$ by ! ,romans1 ^: names = ! lett]s 7 ev5 m simple ?an our own4 ,b s neglig5t 9 respect to !m h be5 ! ,lat9 gramm>ians1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 t few ev5 ( ! le>n$ c tell :at !y really 7 9 t language2 or h[ !y diff]$1 ei!r 9 or?ography or s\nd1 f ^? ( ! ,engli% or ! ,fr5*1 ! ,hebrew or ! ,greek4 ,mo/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 may yet be asc]ta9$ f ,priscian1 & "s o!rs ( note among ! anci5t philologi/s2 s t by tak+ f lat] au?ors ! names ( ^? lett]s :i* 7 n us$ 9 old times1 we c /ill furni% an entire li/1 conc]n+ ! accuracy ( :i* !re is n mu* room to dispute4 ,x is probable t 9 ! anci5t pronunciation ( ,lat91 a 0 commonly s\nd$ z 9 fa!r2 e l ! ,engli% a2 i mo/ly l e long2 y l i %ort2 c g5]ally & g always h>d1 z 9 come & g4 ,b1 z ! orig9al1 native1 or j pronunciation ( a language is n necess>y to an und]/&+ ( x :5 writt51 ! exi/+ nations h sev]ally1 9 a great measure1 accommodat$ !mselves1 9 _! mann] ( read+ ?is & o!r anci5t tongues4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,z ! ,lat9 language is n[ pr9t$1 its lett]s are tw5ty-five4 ,l ! ,fr5*1 x has all t belong to ! ,engli% alphabet1 except ! ,d\ble-u4 ,b1 till ! fir/ ,punic w>1 ! ,romans wrote ,c = ,g1 & d\btless gave x ! p[] z well z ! place ( ! ,gamma or ,gimel4 ,x !n seems to h slid into ,k2 b !y us$ x also = ,s1 z we d n[4 ,! anci5t ,saxons1 g5]ally pron\nc$ ,c z ,k1 b sometimes z ,*4 ,_! ,g 0 ei!r guttural1 or l our ,y4 ,9 "s ( ! e>ly ,engli% gramm>s ! "n ( ! latt] is writt5 ,ghee4 ,! lett] ,f1 :5 fir/ inv5t$1 0 call$1 f its %ape1 ,digamma1 & aft]w>ds ,ef4 ,j1 :5 x 0 fir/ di/+ui%$ f ,i1 0 call$ by ! ,hebrew "n ,jod1 & aft]w>ds ,je4 ,v1 :5 fir/ di/+ui%$ f ,u1 0 call$ ,vau1 !n ,va1 !n ,ve4 ,y1 :5 ! ,romans fir/ borr[$ x f ! ,greeks1 0 call$ ,ypsilon2 & ,z1 f ! same s\rce1 0 call$ ,zeta2 &1 z ^! two lett]s 7 us$ only 9 words ( ,greek orig91 ,i "k n :e!r !y ev] receiv$ f ! ,romans any %ort] names4 ,9 ,s*neid]'s ,lat9 ,gramm>1 ! lett]s are nam$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]2 except ,je & ,ve1 :i* are omitt$ by ?is au?or3 ,a1 ,be1 ,ce1 ,de1 ,e1 ,ef1 ,ge1 ,ha1 ,i1 ,je1 ,ka1 ,el1 ,em1 ,en1 ,o1 ,pe1 ,cu1 ,er1 ,es1 ,te1 ,u1 ,ve1 ,ix1 ,ypsilon1 ,zeta4 ,& ?is ,i suppose to be ! mo/ prop] way ( writ+ _! names 9 ,lat91 unless we h suffici5t au?ority = %ort5+ ,ypsilon into ,y1 s\nd$ z %ort i1 & = *ang+ ,zeta into ,ez4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,9 _m1 if n 9 all languages1 ! five v[els1 ,a1 ,e1 ,i1 ,o1 ,u1 "n !mselves2 b !y "n !mselves diff]5tly to ! e>1 accord+ to ! diff]5t ways ( utt]+ !m 9 diff]5t languages4 ,& z ! "n ( a consonant necess>ily requires "o or m v[els1 t also may be affect$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,b 9 e language !re %\ld be a kn[n way bo? ( writ+ & ( speak+ e "n 9 ! s]ies2 & t1 if !re is no?+ to h9d]1 %\ld be made con=mable to ! g5ius ( ! language4 ,i d n say t ! names above c be regul>ly decl9$ 9 ,lat92 b 9 ,engli% x is z easy to speak ( two ,dees z ( two trees1 ( two ,kays z ( two days1 ( two ,exes z ( two foxes1 ( two ,effs z ( two skiffs2 & !re ought to be no m difficulty ab\t ! correct way ( writ+ ! ^w 9 ! "o case1 ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,9 ,dr4 ,sam4 ,prat's ,lat9 ,gramm>1 7an elaborate octavo1 all ,lat91 publi%$ 9 ,london1 #agbb17 n9e ( ! consonants are reckon$ mutes2 b1 c1 d1 g1 p1 q1 t1 j1 & v2 & eight1 semiv[els2 f1 l1 m1 n1 r1 s1 x1 z4 ,all ! mutes1 says ?is au?or1 are nam$ by plac+ e aft] !m2 z1 be1 ce1 de1 ge1 except q1 :i* ends 9 u4 ,see p4 #h4 ,! semiv[els1 beg9n+ ) e1 end 9 !mselves2 z1 ef1 a*1 el1 em1 en1 er1 es1 ex1 7or1 z ,priscian w h x1 ix17 eds4 ,see p4 #i4 ,?is mo/ly accords ) ! names giv5 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph2 & s f> z x does n1 ,i judge ! au?or to be wrong4 ,! read] w obs]ve t ! ,doctor's explanation is nei!r v exact nor q complete3 ,k is a mute :i* is n enum]at$1 & ! rule w\ld make ! "n ( x ,ke1 & n ,ka2--,h is n "o ( 8 eight semiv[els1 nor does ! "n ,a* accord ) 8 rule or seem l a ,lat9 ^w2--! "n ( ,z1 accord+ to 8 pr9ciple1 w\ld be ,ez & n ,eds1 al?\gh ! latt] may bett] indicate ! s\nd :i* 0 !n giv5 to ?is lett]4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,if ! hi/ory ( ^! names exhibits div]sity1 s does t ( almo/ all o!r t]ms2 & yet !re is "s way ( writ+ e ^w ) correctness1 & correctness t5ds to p]man5ce4 ,b ,"t1 t e/abli%es au?ority1 de/roys x also1 :5 he fairly sanctions new] cu/oms4 ,to all names wor?y to be kn[n1 x is natural to wi% a p]petual uni=mity2 b if any "o ?9ks ! v>iabl5ess ( ^! to be peculi>1 let him op5 ! ,engli% ,bible ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & read a few v]ses1 obs]v+ ! names4 ,= in/ance3 ,=so! :anne ,er\de 0 to br+ynge =? hym1 9 t nigt ,petir 0 slepynge bitwixe tweyno knytis4--,d$is1 7i4 e41 ,acts17 xii1 #f4 ,cri/ ,ihesu t is to demynge ! quyke & de$4--#b ,tim41 iv1 #a4 ,s9ce ?is 0 writt5 = ,engli%1 our language has *ang$ mu*1 & at ! same "t acquir$1 by means ( ! press1 "s aids to /ability4 ,i h record$ above ! true names ( ! lett]s1 z !y are n[ us$1 ) some?+ ( _! hi/ory2 & if !re c\ld be 9 human works any ?+ un*angeable1 ,i %\ld wi%1 7) due def]5ce to all s*em]s & fault-f9d]s17 t ^! names might rema9 ! same =ev]4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,if any *ange is desirable 9 our pres5t names ( ! lett]s1 x is t we may h a %ort] & simpl] t]m 9 /ead ( ,d\ble-u4 ,b c we *ange ?is well kn[n "n8 ,i imag9e x w\ld be ab\t z easy to *ange ,alpha1 ,upsilon1 or ,omega2 & p]haps x w\ld be z useful4 ,let ,dr4 ,web/]1 or any def5d] ( 8 spell+1 try x4 ,he nev] nam$ ! ,engli% lett]s rightly2 long ago disc>d$ ! t]m ,d\ble-u2 & is n yet tir$ ( 8 exp]im5t ) oo2 b ?9ks /ill to make ! v[el s\nd ( ?is lett] its "n4 ,yet he writes 8 new "n wrong2 has no au?ority = x b 8 own2 & is1 mo/ c]ta9ly1 repreh5sible = ! innovation4#ib ,if ,w is to be nam$ z a v[el1 x ought to "n itself1 z o!r v[els d1 & n to take two ,oes = its writt5 "n4 ,:o t kn[s :at x is1 to "n a lett]1 c ?9k ( nam+ w by d\ble o8 ,t x is possible = an +5i\s man to misconceive ?is simple affair ( nam+ ! lett]s1 may appe> n only f ! =ego+ in/ance1 b f ! foll[+ quotation3 ,among ! ?\s& mismanagem5ts ( lit]>y in/ruction1 !re is at ! outset 9 ! hornbook1 ! pret5ce to repres5t elem5t>y s\nds by syllables compos$ ( two or m elem5ts2 z1 ,be1 ,kay1 ,z$1 ,d\ble-u1 & ,ait*4 ,^! words are us$ 9 infancy1 & ?r\gh life1 z simple elem5ts 9 ! process ( syn!tic spell+4 ,if ! def9ition ( a consonant 0 made by ! ma/] f ! practice ( ! *ild1 x might sugge/ pity = ! p$agogue1 b %\ld n make u =get ! realities ( nature4--,dr4 ,pu%1 on ! ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,voice1 p4 #eb4 ,?is is a /range allegation to come f su* a s\rce4 ,if ,i bid a boy spell ! ^w :y1 he says1 ,d\ble-u1 ,ait*1 ,wy1 hwi2 & kn[s t he has spell$ & pron\nc$ ! ^w correctly4 ,b if he conceives t ! five syllables :i* =m ! ?ree words1 ,d\ble-u1 & ,ait*1 & ,wy1 are ! ?ree simple s\nds :i* he utt]s 9 pron\nc+ ! ^w :y1 x is n because ! hornbook1 or ! tea*] ( ! hornbook1 ev] made any su* blund] or pret5ce2 b because1 l "s great philosoph]s1 he is capable ( misconceiv+ v pla9 ?+s4 ,suppose he %\ld take x into 8 head to foll[ ,dr4 ,web/]'s books1 & to say1 ,oo1 he1 ye1 hwi2 :o1 b ^! doctors1 w\ld imag9e1 t su* spell+ 0 support$ ei!r by ! realities ( nature1 or by ! au?ority ( cu/om8 ,i %all reta9 bo? ! old def9ition ( a consonant1 & ! usual names ( ! lett]s1 not)/&+ ! contemptu\s pity x may excite 9 ! m9ds ( su* critics4 ,,ii4 ,,classes ,,( ,,! ,,lett]s4 ,! lett]s are divid$ into two g5]al classes1 v[els & consonants4 ,a v[el is a lett] :i* =ms a p]fect s\nd :5 utt]$ alone2 z1 a1 e1 o4 ,a consonant is a lett] :i* _c be p]fectly utt]$ till jo9$ to a v[el2 z1 b1 c1 d4#ic ,! v[els are a1 e1 i1 o1 u1 & sometimes w & y4 ,all ! o!r lett]s are consonants4 ,w or y is call$ a consonant :5 x prec$es a v[el he>d 9 ! same syllable2 z 9 w9e1 tw9e1 :9e2 ye1 yet1 y\?3 9 all o!r cases1 ^! lett]s are v[els2 z 9 ,yssel1 ,y/adt1 yttria2 newly1 dewy1 eyebr[4 ,,classes ,,( ,,consonants4 ,! consonants are divid$1 ) respect to _! p[]s1 into semiv[els & mutes4 ,a semiv[el is a consonant :i* c be imp]fectly s\nd$ )\t a v[el1 s t at ! end ( a syllable its s\nd may be protract$2 z1 l1 n1 z1 9 al1 an1 az4 ,a mute is a consonant :i* _c be s\nd$ at all )\t a v[el1 & :i* at ! end ( a syllable sudd5ly /ops ! brea?2 z1 k1 p1 t1 9 ak1 ap1 at4 ,! semiv[els are1 f1 h1 j1 l1 m1 n1 r1 s1 v1 w1 x1 y1 z1 & c & g s(t3 b w or y at ! end ( a syllable1 is a v[el2 & ! s\nd ( c1 f1 g1 h1 j1 s1 or x1 c be protract$ only z an aspirate1 or /rong brea?4 ,f\r ( ! semiv[els1--l1 m1 n1 & r1--are t]m$ liquids1 on acc\nt ( ! flu5cy ( _! s\nds2 & f\r o!rs1--v1 w1 y1 & z1--are likewise m vocal ?an ! aspirates4 ,! mutes are eight2--b1 d1 k1 p1 q1 t1 & c & g h>d3 ?ree ( ^!1--k1 q1 & c h>d1--s\nd exactly alike3 b1 d1 & g h>d1 /op ! voice less sudd5ly ?an ! re/4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! =ego+ division ( ! lett]s is ( v great antiquity1 &1 9 respect to its pr9cipal features sanction$ by almo/ univ]sal au?ority2 yet if we exam9e x m9utely1 ei!r ) ref]5ce to ! v>i\s op9ions ( ! le>n$1 or ) reg>d to ! ess5tial diff]5ces among ! ?+s ( :i* x speaks1 x w n p]haps be f\nd 9 all respects indisputably c]ta94 ,x w h[ev] be ( use1 z a basis = "s subsequ5t rules1 & z a means ( call+ ! att5tion ( ! le>n] to ! mann] 9 :i* he utt]s ! s\nds ( ! lett]s4 ,a k ( ab\t ?ree doz5 diff]5t elem5t>y s\nds is impli$ 9 ! faculty ( spee*4 ,! p[] ( produc+ ^! s\nds ) di/9ctness1 & ( adapt+ !m to ! purposes = :i* language is us$1 con/itutes p]fection ( utt]ance4 ,_h we a p]fect alphabet1 consi/+ ( "o symbol1 & only "o1 = ea* elem5t>y s\nd2 & a p]fect me?od ( spell+1 fre$ f sil5t lett]s1 & precisely adju/$ to ! mo/ correct pronunciation ( words2 ! process ( le>n+ to read w\ld d\btless be greatly facilitat$4 ,& yet any attempt t[>d su* a re=mation1 any *ange %ort ( ! introduction ( "s entirely new mode ( writ+1 w\ld be bo? unwise & impracticable4 ,x w\ld involve our laws & lit]ature 9 utt] confusion1 because pronunciation is ! lea/ p]man5t "p ( language2 & if ! or?ography ( words 7 con=m$ entirely to ?is /&>d1 _! orig9 & mean+ w\ld1 9 _m in/ances1 be soon lo/4 ,we mu/ !re=e cont5t ourselves to le>n languages z !y are1 & to make ! be/ use we c ( our pres5t imp]fect sy/em ( alphabetic *>act]s2 & we may be ! bett] satisfi$ to d ?is1 because ! defici5cies & r$undancies ( ?is alphabet are n yet s well asc]ta9$1 z to make x c]ta9 :at a p]fect "o w\ld be4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 ord] to h a "r und]/&+ ( ! lett]s1 x is necess>y to enum]ate1 z accurately z we c1 ! elem5t>y s\nds ( ! language2 & to att5d c>efully to ! mann] 9 :i* ^! s\nds are enunciat$1 z well z to ! *>act]s by :i* !y are repres5t$4 ,! mo/ unconc]n$ obs]v] _c b p]ceive t !re are c]ta9 diff]5ces 9 ! s\nds1 z well z 9 ! %apes1 ( ! lett]s2 & yet "u :at heads !y ought sev]ally to be class$1 or h[ _m ( !m w fall "u "s p>ticul> "n1 x may occasionally puzzle a philosoph] to tell4 ,! /ud5t mu/ consid] :at is propos$ or ask$1 use 8 own s5ses1 & judge = himself4 ,) our l[]-case alphabet be=e him1 he c tell by 8 own eye1 :i* are ! long lett]s1 & :i* ! %ort ones2 s let him le>n by 8 own e>1 :i* are ! v[els1 & :i*1 ! consonants4 ,! processes are alike simple2 &1 if he be nei!r bl9d nor deaf1 he c d bo? ab\t equally well4 ,?us he may "k = a c]ta9ty1 t a is a %ort lett]1 & b a long "o2 ! =m] a v[el1 ! latt] a consonant3 & s ( o!rs4 ,yet z he may d\bt :e!r t is a long lett] or a %ort "o1 s he may be puzzl$ to say :e!r w & y1 z he>d 9 we & ye1 are v[els or consonants3 b nei!r ( ^! difficulties %\ld impair 8 confid5ce 9 any ( 8 o!r decisions4 ,if he atta9 by obs]vation & practice a cle> & p]fect pronunciation ( ! lett]s1 he w be able to class !m = himself ) z mu* accuracy z he w f9d 9 books4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,gramm>ians h g5]ally agre$ t e lett] is ei!r a v[el or a consonant2 & also t !re are among ! latt] "s semiv[els1 "s mutes1 "s aspirates1 "s liquids1 "s %>ps1 "s flats1 "s labials1 "s d5tals1 "s nasals1 "s palatals1 & p]haps yet o!r species2 b 9 enum]at+ ! lett]s :i* belong to ^! sev]al classes1 !y disagree s mu* z to make x no easy matt] to asc]ta9 :at p>ticul> classification is be/ support$ by _! au?ority4 ,i h adopt$ :at ,i conceive to be ! be/ au?oriz$1 & at ! same "t ! mo/ intelligible4 ,he t dislikes ! s*eme1 may d bett]1 if he c4 ,b let him ) mode/y det]m9e :at sort ( discov]ies may r5d] our anci5t au?orities que/ionable4 ,ari/otle1 ?ree hundr$ & ?irty ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 divid$ ! ,greek lett]s into v[els1 semiv[els1 & mutes1 & decl>$ t no syllable c\ld be =m$ )\t a v[el4 ,9 ! op9ion ( "s neot]ics1 x has be5 res]v$ to our age1 to detect ! fallacy ( ?is4 ,b ,i w\ld fa9 believe t ! ,/agirite knew z well :at he 0 say+1 z did ,dr4 ,james ,ru%1 :51 9 #ahbg1 he decl>$ ! doctr9e ( v[els & consonants to be a misrepres5tation4 ,! latt] philosoph] resolves ! lett]s into tonics1 subtonics1 & atonics2 & av]s t consonants alone may =m syllables4 ,inde$1 ,i _c b ?9k ! anci5t doctr9e bett]4 ,=1 to say t consonants alone may =m syllables1 is z mu* z to say t consonants are n consonants1 b v[els6 ,to be consi/5t1 ! attempt]s ( ?is re=mation %\ld nev] speak ( v[els or consonants1 semiv[els or mutes2 because !y judge ! t]ms inappropriate1 & ! classification absurd4 ,!y %\ld !re=e adh]e /rictly to _! tonics1 subtonics1 & atonics2 :i* classes1 ?\gh app>5tly ! same z v[els1 semiv[els1 & mutes1 are bett] adapt$ to _! new & peculi> division ( ^! elem5ts4 ,?us1 by re=m+ bo? language & philosophy at once1 !y may make :at !y w ( ei!r6 ,,obs4 #d4--,"s tea* t w & y are always v[els3 conceiv+ ! =m] to be equival5t to oo1 & ! latt] to i or e4 ,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,y is always a v[el1 & ,w is ei!r a v[el or a diph?ong4 ,dr4 ,web/] supposes w to be always a v[el1 a simple s\nd2 b admits t1 ,at ! beg9n+ ( words1 y is call$ an articulation or consonant1 & ) "s propriety p]haps1 z x br+s ! root ( ! tongue 9 close contact ) ! l[] "p ( ! palate1 & ne>ly 9 ! position to :i* ! close g br+s x4--,am]ican ,dict41 ,octavo4 ,b ,i foll[ ,wallis1 ,brightl&1 ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,murray1 ,worce/]1 & o!rs1 9 consid]+ bo? ( !m sometimes v[els & sometimes consonants4 ,!y are consonants at ! beg9n+ ( words 9 ,engli%1 because _! s\nds take ! article a1 & n an1 be=e !m2 z1 a wall1 a y>d1 & n1 an wall1 an y>d4 ,b oo or ! s\nd ( e1 requires an1 & n a2 z1 an eel1 an oozy bog4#id ,at ! end ( a syllable we "k !y are v[els2 b at ! beg9n+1 !y are s squeez$ 9 _! pronunciation1 z to foll[ a v[el )\t any hiatus1 or difficulty ( utt]ance2 z1 ,o wor?y y\?6 s "y1 s wise6 ,,obs4 #e4--,murray's rule1 ,w & y are consonants :5 !y beg9 a ^w or syllable1 b 9 e o!r situation !y are v[els1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,comly's book1 ,kirkham's1 ,m]*ant's1 ,+]soll's1 ,fisk's4 ,h>t's1 ,hiley's1 ,alg]'s1 ,bullions's1 ,pond's1 ,s4 ,putnam's1 ,weld's1 & 9 sundry o!r gramm>s1 is fav\rable to my doctr9e1 b too badly conceiv$ to be quot$ "h z au?ority4 ,x undesign$ly makes w a consonant 9 w9e1 & a v[el 9 tw9e2 & y a consonant :5 x =ms a syllable1 z 9 dewy3 = a lett] t =ms a syllable1 beg9s x4 ,b ,kirkham has lately le>n$ 8 lett]s anew2 &1 suppos+ he _h ,dr4 ,ru% on 8 side1 has philosophically tak5 _! names = _! s\nds4 ,he n[ calls y a diph?ong4 ,b he is wrong "h by 8 own %[+3 he %\ld r h call$ x a triph?ong4 ,he says1 ,by pron\nc+ 9 a v delib]ate & p]fectly natural mann]1 ! lett] y1 7:i* is a diph?ong17 ! unpractis$ /ud5t w p]ceive1 t ! s\nd produc$1 is comp\nd2 be+ =m$1 at its op5+1 ( ! obscure s\nd ( oo z he>d 9 oo-ze1 :i* s\nd rapidly slides into t ( i1 & !n advances to t ( ee z he>d 9 e-ve1 & on :i* x gradually passes (f into sil5ce4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ge4 ,?us ! unpractis$ /ud5t is taught t b-y spells bwy2 or1 if pron\nc$ v delib]ately1 boo-i-ee6 ,nay1 ?is grammati/ makes b1 n a labial mute1 z ,walk]1 ,web/]1 ,cobb1 & o!rs1 h call$ x1 b a nasal subtonic1 or semiv[el4 ,he delights 9 protract+ its guttural murmur2 p]haps1 9 assum+ its "n = its s\nd2 &1 hav+ prov$1 t consonants are capable ( =m+ syllables1 f9ds no difficulty 9 m\?+ ?is little monosyllable by into b-oo-i-ee6 ,9 ?is way1 x is ! easie/ ?+ 9 ! _w1 = su* a man to outface ,ari/otle1 or any o!r divid] ( ! lett]s2 = he makes ! s\nds by :i* he judges4 ,boy1 says ! tea*] ( ,kirkham's ,elocution1 describe ! protract$ s\nd ( y4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aaj4 ,! pupil may answ]1 ,t lett]1 sir1 has no long] or m complex s\nd1 ?an :at is he>d 9 ! ^w eye1 or 9 ! v[el i2 b ! book :i* ,i /udy1 describes x o!rwise4 ,i "k n :e!r ,i c make y und]/& x1 b ,i w tr-oo-i-ee4 ,if ! ^w try1 :i* ! au?or uses z an example1 does n exhibit 8 protract$ s\nd ( y1 !re is no ^w t does3 ! s\nd is a m]e fiction1 orig9at+ 9 /range ignorance4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,9 ! l>ge pr9t above1 ,i h expla9$ ! pr9cipal classes ( ! lett]s1 b n all t are spok5 ( 9 books4 ,x is prop] to in=m ! le>n] t ! %>p consonants are t1 & all o!rs aft] :i* our contract$ pret]its & p>ticiples require t d %\ld be s\nd$ l t2 z 9 ! words fac$1 rea*$1 /uff$1 laugh$1 triumph$1 croak$1 crack$1 h\gh$1 reap$1 nipp$1 piqu$1 miss$1 wi%$1 e>!d1 betro!d1 fix$4 ,! flat or smoo? consonants are d1 & all o!rs ) :i* ! prop] s\nd ( d may be unit$2 z 9 ! words1 daub$1 judg$1 hugg$1 ?rong$1 seal$1 fill$1 aim$1 cramm$1 pa9$1 plann$1 fe>$1 m>r$1 soo!d1 lov$1 doz$1 buzz$4 ,! labials are ^? consonants :i* are articulat$ *iefly by ! lips2 among :i*1 ,dr4 ,web/] reckons b1 f1 m1 p1 & v4 ,b ,dr4 ,ru% says1 b & m are nasals1 ! latt]1 purely nasal4 #ie ,! d5tals are ^? consonants :i* are ref]r$ to ! tee?2 ! nasals are ^? :i* are affect$ by ! nose2 & ! palatals are ^? :i* compress ! palate1 z k & h>d g4 ,b ^! la/-nam$ classes are n ( mu* importance2 nor h ,i ?\ght x wor? :ile to notice m9utely ! op9ions ( writ]s respect+ ! o!rs1 z :e!r h is a semiv[el1 or a mute1 or nei!r4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! ,*]okee alphabet1 :i* 0 inv5t$ 9 #ahba1 by ,see-quo-yah1 or ,george ,guess1 an +5i\s b :olly illit]ate ,indian1 conta9s eighty-five lett]s1 or *>act]s4 ,b ! s\nds ( ! language are mu* few] ?an ours2 = ! *>act]s repres5t1 n simple tones & articulations1 b syllabic s\nds1 & ?is numb] is said to be suffici5t to d5ote !m all4 ,b ! diff]5t syllabic s\nds 9 our language am\nt to "s ?\s&s4 ,i suppose1 f ! acc\nt1 t ,see-quo-yah writes 8 "n1 9 8 own language1 ) ?ree lett]s2 & t *>act]s s us$1 w\ld n require1 & probably w\ld n admit1 su* a division z t ( v[els & consonants4 ,"o ( ! ,*]okees1 9 a lett] to ! ,am]ican ,lyceum1 /ates1 t a k ( ?is mode ( writ+ is s easily acquir$1 t "o :o und]/&s & speaks ! language1 c le>n to read 9 a day2 &1 inde$1 cont9ues ! writ]1 ,i h kn[n "s to acquire ! art 9 a s+le ev5+4 ,x is only necess>y to le>n ! diff]5t s\nds ( ! *>act]s1 to be enabl$ to read at once4 ,9 ! ,engli% language1 we mu/ n only fir/ le>n ! lett]s1 b to spell1 be=e read+2 b 9 ,*]okee1 all t is requir$1 is1 to le>n ! lett]s2 = !y h syllabic s\nds1 & by connect+ diff]5t ones toge!r1 a ^w is =m$3 9 :i* !re is no art4 ,all :o und]/& ! language c d s1 & bo? read & write1 s soon z !y c le>n to trace ) _! f+]s ! =ms ( ! *>act]s4 ,i suppose t m ?an "o half ( ! ,*]okees c read _! own language1 & are !reby enabl$ to acquire mu* valuable in=mation1 ) :i* !y o!rwise w\ld nev] h be5 bless$4--,w4 ,s4 ,coodey1 #ahca4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,f ! =ego+ acc\nt1 x w\ld appe> t ! ,*]okee language is a v peculi> "o3 its words mu/ ei!r be v few1 or ! proportion ( polysyllables v great4 ,! *>act]s us$ 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 /& sev]ally = words2 & _! numb] is said to be n less ?an sev5ty ?\s&2 s t ! /udy ( a :ole life is sc>cely suffici5t to make a man ?or\ghly ma/] ( !m4 ,syllabic writ+ is repres5t$ by ,dr4 ,blair z a great improvem5t ^u ! ,*9ese me?od1 & yet z be+ f> inf]ior to t :i* is prop]ly alphabetic1 l ours4 ,! fir/ /ep1 9 ?is new progress1 says he1 0 ! inv5tion ( an alphabet ( syllables1 :i* probably prec$$ ! inv5tion ( an alphabet ( lett]s1 among "s ( ! anci5t nations2 & :i* is said to be reta9$ to ?is day1 9 ,e?iopia1 & "s c\ntries ( ,india4 ,by fix+ ^u a p>ticul> m>k1 or "*1 = e syllable 9 ! language1 ! numb] ( *>act]s1 necess>y to be us$ 9 writ+1 0 r$uc$ )9 a mu* small] compass ?an ! numb] ( words 9 ! language4 ,/ill1 h[ev]1 ! numb] ( *>act]s 0 great2 & mu/ h cont9u$ to r5d] bo? read+ & writ+ v labori\s arts4 ,till1 at la/1 "s happy g5ius arose1 & trac+ ! s\nds made by ! human voice1 to _! mo/ simple elem5ts1 r$uc$ !m to a v few v[els & consonants2 &1 by affix+ to ea* ( ^!1 ! signs :i* we n[ call lett]s1 taught m5 h[1 by _! comb9ations1 to put 9 writ+ all ! diff]5t words1 or comb9ations ( s\nd1 :i* !y employ$ 9 spee*4 ,by be+ r$uc$ to ?is simplicity1 ! art ( writ+ 0 br\ght to its highe/ /ate ( p]fection2 &1 9 ?is /ate1 we n[ enjoy x 9 all ! c\ntries ( ,europe4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 ,lect4 ,,vii1 p4 #fh4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,all c]ta9 k ( ! s\nds giv5 to ! lett]s by ,moses & ! prophets hav+ be5 long ago lo/1 a /range dispute has aris51 & be5 c>ri$ on = c5turies1 conc]n+ ?is "q1 ,:e!r ! ,hebrew lett]s are1 or are n1 all consonants3 ! v[els be+ suppos$ by "s to be suppress$ & und]/ood2 & n writt51 except by po9ts ( comp>atively late inv5tion4 ,! discussion ( su* a "q does n prop]ly belong to ,engli% gramm>2 b1 on acc\nt ( its curiosity1 z well z ( its analogy to "s ( our pres5t disputes1 ,i m5tion x4 ,dr4 ,*>les ,wilson says1 ,aft] we h suffici5tly kn[n ! figures & names ( ! lett]s1 ! next /ep is1 to le>n to enunciate or to pron\nce !m1 s z to produce articulate s\nds4 ,on ?is subject1 :i* appe>s at fir/ sight v pla9 & simple1 numb]less cont5tions & v>ieties ( op9ion meet u at ! ?re%old4 ,f ! e>lie/ p]iod ( ! inv5tion ( writt5 *>act]s to repres5t human language1 h[ev] m or less remote t "t may be1 x seems absolutely c]ta91 t ! di/9ction ( lett]s into v[els & consonants mu/ h obta9$4 ,all ! speculations ( ! ,greek gramm>ians assume ?is z a fir/ pr9ciple4 ,aga93 ,i beg leave only to premise ?is obs]vation1 t ,i absolutely & unequivocally d5y ! position1 t all ! lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet are consonants2 &1 aft] ! mo/ c>eful & m9ute inquiry1 give x z my op9ion1 t ( ! tw5ty-two lett]s ( :i* ! ,hebrew alphabet consi/s1 five are v[els & sev5te5 are consonants4 ,! five v[els by "n are1 ,aleph1 ,he1 ,vau1 ,yod1 & ,a94--,wilson's ,heb4 ,gram41 pp4 #f & #h4 ,,iii4 ,,p[]s ,,( ,,! ,,lett]s4 ,! p[]s ( ! lett]s are prop]ly ^? elem5t>y s\nds :i* _! figures are us$ to repres5t2 b lett]s =m$ into words1 are capable ( communicat+ ?\ght indep5d5tly ( s\nd4 ,! simple elem5t>y s\nds ( any language are few1 commonly n m ?an ?irty-six2#if b !y may be v>i\sly comb9$1 s z to =m words innum]able4 ,diff]5t v[el s\nds1 or vocal elem5ts1 are produc$ by op5+ ! m\? diff]5tly1 & plac+ ! tongue 9 a peculi> mann] = ea*2 b ! voice may v>y 9 l\dness1 pit*1 or "t1 & /ill utt] ! same v[el p[]4 ,! v[el s\nds :i* =m ! basis ( ! ,engli% language1 & :i* ought !re=e to be p]fectly famili> to e "o :o speaks x1 are ^? :i* are he>d at ! beg9n+ ( ! words1 ate1 at1 ah1 all1 eel1 ell1 isle1 ill1 old1 on1 ooze1 use1 u1 & t ( u 9 bull4 ,9 ! =mation ( syllables1 "s ( ^! f\rte5 prim>y s\nds may be jo9$ toge!r1 z 9 ay1 oil1 out1 owl2 & all ( !m may be prec$$ or foll[$ by c]ta9 motions & positions ( ! lips & tongue1 :i* w sev]ally conv]t !m into o!r t]ms 9 spee*4 ,?us ! same ess5tial s\nds may be *ang$ into a new s]ies ( words by an f2 z1 fate1 fat1 f>1 fall1 feel1 fell1 file1 fill1 fold1 fond1 fool1 fuse1 fuss1 full4 ,aga91 into z _m m ) a p2 z1 pate1 pat1 p>1 pall1 peel1 pell1 pile1 pill1 pole1 pond1 pool1 pule1 purl1 pull4 ,ea* ( ! v[el s\nds may be v>i\sly express$ by lett]s4 ,ab\t half ( !m are sometimes words3 ! re/ are seldom1 if ev]1 us$ alone ev5 to =m syllables4 ,b ! read] may easily le>n to utt] !m all1 sep>ately1 accord+ to ! =ego+ s]ies4 ,let u note !m z pla9ly z possible3 eigh1 a1 ah1 awe1 eh1 e1 eye1 i1 oh1 o1 oo1 yew1 u1 4 ,?us ! eight long s\nds1 eigh1 ah1 awe1 eh1 eye1 oh1 ooh1 yew1 are1 or may be1 words2 b ! six less vocal1 call$ ! %ort v[el s\nds1 z 9 at1 et1 x1 ot1 ut1 put1 are commonly he>d only 9 connexion ) consonants2 except ! fir/1 :i* is p]haps ! mo/ frequ5t s\nd ( ! v[el ,a or a--a s\nd sometimes giv5 to ! ^w a1 p]haps mo/ g5]ally2 z 9 ! phrase1 twice a day4 ,! simple consonant s\nds 9 ,engli% are tw5ty-two3 !y are m>k$ by b1 d1 f1 g h>d1 h1 k1 l1 m1 n1 ng1 p1 r1 s1 %1 t1 ? %>p1 ? flat1 v1 w1 y1 z1 & zh4 ,b zh is writt5 only to %[ ! s\nd ( o!r lett]s2 z ( s 9 pleasure1 or z 9 azure4 ,all ^! s\nds are he>d di/9ctly 9 ! foll[+ words3 buy1 die1 fie1 guy1 high1 kie1 lie1 my1 nigh1 ey+1 pie1 rye1 sigh1 %y1 tie1 ?igh1 ?y1 vie1 we1 ye1 zebra1 seizure4 ,aga93 mo/ ( !m may be repeat$ 9 ! same ^w1 if n 9 ! same syllable2 z 9 bibb]1 diddle1 fifty1 giggle1 high-hung1 cackle1 lily1 mimic1 n9ny1 s++1 pipp91 mirror1 hisse/1 fle%-bru%1 tittle1 ?9ke?1 ?i!r1 vivid1 witwal1 union1#ig dizzies1 vision4 ,) u1 ! consonants ,j & ,x repres5t1 n simple1 b complex s\nds3 h5ce !y are nev] d\bl$4 ,j is equival5t to dzh2 & ,x1 ei!r to ks or to gz4 ,! =m] ends no ,engli% ^w1 & ! latt] beg9s none4 ,to ! initial ,x ( =eign words1 we always give ! simple s\nd ( ,z2 z 9 ,x]xes1 xebec4 ,! consonants ,c & ,q h no s\nds peculi> to !mselves4 ,q has always ! p[] ( k4 ,c is h>d1 l k1 be=e a1 o1 & u2 & s(t1 l s1 be=e e1 i1 & y3 ?us ! syllables1 ca1 ce1 ci1 co1 cu1 cy1 are pron\nc$1 ka1 se1 si1 ko1 ku1 sy4 ,s be=e c pres]ves ! =m] s\nd1 b coalesces ) ! latt]2 h5ce ! syllables1 sca1 sce1 sci1 sco1 scu1 scy1 are s\nd$1 ska1 se1 si1 sko1 sku1 sy4 ,ce & ci h sometimes ! s\nd ( %2 z 9 ocean1 social4 ,* commonly repres5ts ! comp\nd s\nd ( t%2 z 9 *ur*4 ,g1 z well z ,c1 has diff]5t s\nds be=e diff]5t v[els4 ,g is always h>d1 or guttural1 be=e a1 o1 & u2 & g5]ally s(t1 l j1 be=e e1 i1 or y3 ?us ! syllables1 ga1 ge1 gi1 g1 gu1 gy1 are pron\nc$ ga1 je1 ji1 g1 gu1 jy4 ,! possible comb9ations & mutations ( ! tw5ty-six lett]s ( our alphabet1 are _m millions ( millions4 ,b ^? clu/]s :i* are unpron\nceable1 are useless4 ,( su* z may be easily utt]$1 !re are m ?an en\gh = all ! purposes ( useful writ+1 or ! record+ ( spee*4 ,?us x is1 t f pr9ciples s few & simple z ab\t six or sev5 & ?irty pla9 elem5t>y s\nds1 repres5t$ by *>act]s /ill few]1 we d]ive su* a v>iety ( oral & writt5 signs1 z may suffice to expla9 or record all ! s5tim5ts & transactions ( all m5 9 all ages4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,a k ( s\nds c be acquir$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 only by ! e>4 ,no description ( ! mann] ( _! production1 or ( ! diff]5ces :i* di/+ui% !m1 c be at all intelligible to him :o has n already1 by ! s5se ( he>+1 acquir$ a k ( bo?4 ,:at ,i "h say ( ! s\nds ( ! lett]s1 mu/ ( c\rse be address$ to ^? p]sons only :o are able bo? to speak & to read ,engli%4 ,:y !n attempt in/ruction by a me?od :i* bo? ignorance & k on ! "p ( ! pupil1 mu/ alike r5d] useless8 ,i h suppos$ "s read]s to h su* an acqua9tance ) ! p[]s ( ! lett]s1 z is b loose & imp]fect2 suffici5t = ! accurate pronunciation ( "s words or syllables1 b leav+ !m liable to mi/akes 9 o!rs2 ext5d+ p]haps to all ! s\nds ( ! language1 b n to a ready analysis or enum]ation ( !m4 ,su* p]sons may pr(it by a writt5 description ( ! p[]s ( ! lett]s1 ?\gh no su* description c equal ! cle> impression ( ! liv+ voice4 ,tea*]s1 too1 ^: bus9ess x is to aid ! articulation ( ! "y1 &1 by a pati5t inculcation ( elem5t>y pr9ciples1 to lay ! f\ndation ( an accurate pronunciation1 may d]ive "s assi/ance f any notation ( ^! pr9ciples1 :i* w help _! memory1 or t ( ! le>n]4 ,! connexion betwe5 lett]s & s\nds is altoge!r arbitr>y2 b a few positions1 be+ assum$ & made kn[n1 9 respect to "s *>act]s1 become easy /&>ds = fur!r in/ruction 9 respect to o!rs ( simil> s\nd4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! importance ( be+ in/ruct$ at an e>ly age1 to pron\nce ) di/9ctness & facility all ! elem5t>y s\nds ( "o's native language1 has be5 s frequ5tly urg$1 & is s obvi\s 9 itself1 t none b ^? :o h be5 !mselves neglect$1 w be likely to disreg>d ! claims ( _! *ildr5 9 ?is respect4#ih ,b surely an accurate k ( ! ord9>y p[]s ( ! lett]s w\ld be va/ly m common1 7 !re n mu* h]$it>y neglig5ce respect+ ! mann] 9 :i* ^! important rudim5ts are le>n$4 ,! utt]ance ( ! illit]ate may exhibit wit & native tal5t1 b x is always m or less b>b>\s1 because x is n aid$ by a k ( or?ography4 ,= pronunciation & or?ography1 h[ev] !y may seem1 9 our language especially1 to be (t5 at v>iance1 are c]ta9ly correlative3 a true k ( ei!r t5ds to ! pres]vation ( bo?4 ,ea* ( ! lett]s repres5ts "s "o or m ( ! elem5t>y s\nds1 exclusive ( ! re/2 & ea* ( ! elem5t>y s\nds1 ?\gh sev]al ( !m are occasionally transf]r$1 has "s "o or two lett]s to :i* x mo/ prop]ly or mo/ frequ5tly belongs4 ,b borr[$1 z our language has be51 f a great v>iety ( s\rces1 to :i* x is desirable ev] to reta9 ! means ( trac+ x1 !re is c]ta9ly mu* app>5t lack ( correspond5ce betwe5 its oral & its writt5 =m4 ,/ill ! discrepancies are few1 :5 comp>$ ) ! in/ances ( exact con=mity2 &1 if !y are1 z ,i suppose !y are1 unavoidable1 x is z useless to compla9 ( ! tr\ble !y occasion1 z x is to ?9k ( =c+ a reconciliation4 ,! wrangl]s 9 ?is controv]sy1 c nev] agree among !mselves1 :e!r or?ography %all con=m to pronunciation1 or pronunciation to or?ography4 ,nor does any "o ( !m well "k h[ our language w\ld ei!r s\nd or look1 7 he himself appo9t$ sole arbit] ( all v>iances betwe5 our spell+ & our spee*4 ,,obs4 #c4--,language1 says ,dr4 ,ru%1 0 long ago analyz$ into its alphabetic elem5ts4 ,:]ev] ?is analysis is kn[n1 ! art ( tea*+ language has1 ) ! be/ success1 be5 conduct$ ^u ! rudim5tal me?od4 99 99 99 ,! art ( read+ consi/s 9 hav+ all ! vocal elem5ts "u complete comm&1 t !y may be prop]ly appli$1 = ! vivid & elegant del9eation ( ! s5se & s5tim5t ( disc\rse4--,philosophy ( ! ,voice1 p4 #cdf4 ,aga91 ( ! pronunciation ( ! alphabetic elem5ts1 he says1 ,! lea/ deviation f ! assum$ /&>d conv]ts ! li/5] into ! critic2 & ,i am surely speak+ )9 b\nds :5 ,i say1 t = e miscall$ elem5t 9 disc\rse1 t5 succe$+ words are lo/ to ! great] "p ( an audi5ce4--,ibid41 p4 #cej4 ,^! quotations pla9ly imply bo? ! practicability & ! importance ( tea*+ ! pronunciation ( our language analytically by means ( its pres5t or?ography1 & agreeably to ! /&>d assum$ by ! gramm>ians4 ,! fir/ ( !m affirms t x has be5 done1 ) ! be/ success1 accord+ to "s anci5t me?od ( divid+ ! lett]s & expla9+ _! s\nds4 ,& yet1 bo? be=e & aft]w>ds1 we f9d ?is same au?or compla9+ ( our alphabet & its subdivisions1 z if s5se or philosophy mu/ utt]ly repudiate bo?2 & ( our or?ography1 z if a pl\ghman might tea* u to spell bett]3 &1 at ! same "t1 he speaks ( s(t5+ 8 c5sure ?r\gh mode/y4 ,! defici5cies1 r$undancies1 & confusion1 ( ! sy/em ( alphabetic *>act]s 9 ?is language1 prev5t ! adoption ( its subdivisions 9 ?is essay4--,ib41 p4 #eb4 ,( ! specific s\nds giv5 to ! lett]s1 he says1 ,! fir/ ( ^! matt]s is "u ! rule ( e body1 & !re=e is v prop]ly to be exclud$ f ! discussions ( t philosophy :i* desires to be effectual 9 its in/ruction4 ,h[ c we hope to e/abli% a sy/em ( elem5tal pronunciation 9 a language1 :5 great ma/]s 9 criticism condemn at once e attempt1 9 s simple & useful a lab\r z ! correction ( its or?ography6--,p4 #bef4 ,aga93 ,i deprecate notic+ ! faults ( speak]s1 9 ! pronunciation ( ! alphabetic elem5ts4 ,x is bett] = criticism to be mode/ on ?is po9t1 till x has ! s5se or indep5d5ce to make our alphabet & its uses1 look m l ! "w ( :at is call$--wise & transc5d5t humanity3 till ! p>donable v>iety ( pronunciation1 & ! true spell+ by ! vulg>1 h satiriz$ into re=mation t p5-craft :i* keeps up ! tr\bles ( or?ography = no o!r purpose1 z "o c div9e1 ?an to boa/ ( a v que/ionable m]it z a crit]ion ( education4--,ib41 p4 #chc4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,h[ f> ^! views are compatible1 ! read] w judge4 ,& x is hop$ he w excuse ! l5g? ( ! extracts1 f a consid]ation ( ! fact1 t a great ma/] ( ! p5-craft "h ridicul$1 a not$ /ickl] = ne$less ,kays & ,ues1 n[ commonly reject$1 :ile he boa/s t 8 gramm>1 :i* he mo/ly copi$ f ,murray's1 is tea*+ ! old explanation ( ! alphabetic elem5ts to m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s& *ildr5 & y\?1 is also v5d+ "u 8 own "n an ab/ract ( ! new s*eme ( tonicks1 subtonicks1 & atonicks2 &1 9 "o brea?1 be/[+ sup]lative praise on bo?1 9 ord]1 z x w\ld seem1 to monopolize all inconsi/5cy4 ,among ^? :o h successfully lab\r$ 9 ! philological field1 ,mr4 ,l9dley ,murray /&s =? 9 bold relief1 z und5iably at ! head ( ! li/4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ab4 ,! mod]n c&idate = oratorical fame1 /&s on v diff]5t1 & f> m advantage\s1 gr\nd1 ?an t occupi$ by ! "y & aspir+ ,a!nian2 especially s9ce a correct analysis ( ! vocal organs1 & a fai?ful record ( _! op]ations1 h be5 giv5 to ! _w by ,dr4 ,james ,ru%1 ( ,philadelphia--a "n t w outlive ! unqu>ri$ m>ble ( our m\nta9s4--,ibid41 p4 #bi4 ,b :at is to be said :5 presumption pu%es itself into ! front ranks ( elocution1 & ?\ghtless fri5ds und]take to support x8 ,! fraud mu/ g on1 till presumption qu>rels1 z (t5 happ5s1 ) its own fri5ds1 or ) itself1 & ?us dissolves ! spell ( its m]its4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #dje4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! "q respect+ ! numb] ( simple or elem5t>y s\nds 9 our language1 pres5ts a rem>kable puzzle3 & x is idle1 if n ridicul\s1 = any man to declaim ab\t ! imp]fection ( our alphabet & or?ography1 :o does n %[ himself able to solve x4 ,all ^! s\nds may easily be writt5 9 a pla9 s5t5ce ( ?ree or f\r l9es ^u almo/ any subject2 & e "o :o c read1 is famili> ) !m all1 & ) all ! lett]s4 ,n[ x is ei!r easy to c\nt !m1 or x is difficult4 ,if difficult1 :]e9 does ! difficulty lie8 & h[ %all he :o kn[s n :at & h[ _m !y are1 ?9k himself capable ( re=m+ our sy/em ( _! alphabetic signs8 ,if easy1 :y d s few pret5d to "k _! numb]8 & ( ^? :o d pret5d to ?is k1 :y are !re s few t agree8 ,a c]ta9 v]se 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,ezra1 has be5 said to conta9 all ! lett]s4 ,x h[ev] conta9s no j2 &1 ) respect to ! s\nds1 x lacks t ( f1 t ( ? %>p1 & t ( u 9 bull4 ,i w sugge/ a few additional words = ^!2 & !n bo? all ! lett]s1 & all ! s\nds1 ( ! ,engli% language1 w be f\nd 9 ! example2 & mo/ ( !m1 _m times ov]3 ',& ,i1 ev5 ,i1 ,artax]xes1 ! k+1 d make a decree to all ! treasur]s' :o 'are beyond ! riv]1 t :atsoev] ,ezra ! prie/1 ! scribe ( ! law ( ! ,god ( heav51 %all require ( y1 x be done spe$ily' & fai?fully1 accord+ to t :i* he %all enjo94 ,"s lett]s1 & "s s\nds1 are "h us$ mu* m frequ5tly ?an o!rs2 b1 on an av]age1 we h1 9 ?is %ort passage1 ea* s\nd five times1 & ea* lett] eight4 ,h[ (t51 !n1 does a man speak all ! elem5ts ( 8 language1 :o reads well b "o h\r6 ,,obs4 #f4--,( ! numb] ( elem5t>y s\nds 9 our language1 diff]5t or?opi/s report diff]5tly2 because !y _c always agree among !mselves1 :]e9 ! id5tity or ! simplicity1 ! sam5ess or ! s+l5ess1 ev5 ( well-kn[n s\nds1 consi/s2 or because1 if ea* is all[$ to det]m9e ^! po9ts = himself1 no "o ( !m adh]es /rictly to 8 own decision4 ,!y may also1 ea* = himself1 h "s peculi> way ( utt]ance1 :i* w conf\nd "s s\nds :i* o!r m5 di/+ui%1 or di/+ui% "s :i* o!r m5 conf\nd4 ,=1 z a man may write a v bad h& :i* %all /ill be legible1 s he may utt] _m s\nds improp]ly & /ill be und]/ood4 ,"o may1 9 ?is way1 make out a s*eme ( ! alphabetic elem5ts1 :i* %all be true ( 8 own pronunciation1 & yet h obvi\s faults :5 tri$ by ! be/ usage ( ,engli% spee*4 ,x is desirable n to multiply ^! s\nds beyond ! numb] :i* a correct & elegant pronunciation ( ! language obvi\sly requires4 ,& :at t numb] is1 x seems to me n v difficult to asc]ta92 at lea/1 ,i ?9k we may fix x ) suffici5t accuracy = all practical purposes4 ,b let x be rememb]$1 t all :o h hi!rto attempt$ ! enum]ation1 h deviat$ m or less f _! own decisions conc]n+ ei!r ! simplicity or ! id5tity ( s\nds2 b1 mo/ commonly1 x appe>s to h be5 ?\ght exp$i5t to admit "s exceptions conc]n+ bo?4 ,?us ! long or diph?ongal s\nds ( ,i & ,u1 are admitt$ by "s1 & exclud$ by o!rs2 ! s\nd ( j1 or s(t g1 is reckon$ z simple by "s1 & reject$ z comp\nd by o!rs2 s a "p1 if n all1 ( :at are call$ ! long & ! %ort v[els1 z he>d 9 ale & ell1 arm & am1 all & on1 isle or eel & ill1 tone & tun1 pule or pool & pull1 h be5 decl>$ ess5tially ! same by "s1 & ess5tially diff]5t by o!rs4 ,7 we to recognize z elem5t>y1 no s\nds b su* z are unque/ionably simple 9 !mselves1 & indisputably diff]5t 9 quality f all o!rs1 we %\ld n h m s\nds ?an lett]s3 & ?is is a pro( t we h *>act]s en\gh1 ?\gh ! s\nds are p]haps badly di/ribut$ among !m4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,i h enum]at$ ?irty-six well kn[n s\nds1 :i*1 9 compliance ) g5]al cu/om1 & = conv5i5ce 9 tea*+4 ,i *oose to reg>d z ! oral elem5ts ( our language4 ,!re may be f\nd "s reputable au?ority = add+ f\r or five m1 & o!r au?ority z reputable1 = /rik+ f ! li/ sev5 or eight ( ^? already m5tion$4 ,= ! sake ( ! g5]al pr9ciple1 :i* we always reg>d 9 writ+1 a pr9ciple ( univ]sal gramm>1 t !re c be no syllable )\t a v[el1 ,i am incl9$ to tea*1 ) ,brightl&1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ,l4 ,murray1 & o!rs1 t1 9 ,engli%1 z 9 ,fr5*1 !re is giv5 to ! v[el e a c]ta9 v obscure s\nd :i* approa*es1 b am\nts n to an absolute suppression1 ?\gh x is commonly s reg>d$ by ! writ]s ( diction>ies4 ,x may be exemplifi$ 9 ! words ov51 %ovel1 able2#ii or 9 ! unemphatic article ! be=e a consonant1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,take ! ne>e/3 we d n he> x z !e ne>e/1 nor z !n c>e/1 b m obscurely4 ,!re is also a feeble s\nd ( i or y unacc5t$1 :i* is equival5t to ee utt]$ feebly1 z 9 ! ^w div]sity4 ,?is is ! mo/ common s\nd ( i & ( y4 ,! vulg> are apt to let x fall into ! m obscure s\nd ( %ort u4 ,z elegance ( utt]ance dep5ds mu* ^u ! pres]vation ( ?is s\nd f su* obtus5ess1 p]haps ,walk] & o!rs h done well to m>k x z e 9 me2 ?\gh "s suppose x to be peculi>1 & o!rs id5tify x ) ! %ort i 9 fit4 ,?irdly1 a di/9ction is made by "s writ]s1 betwe5 ! v[el s\nds he>d 9 hate & be>1 :i* ,%]idan & ,walk] consid] to be ! same4 ,! app>5t diff]5ce may p]haps result f ! foll[+ consonant r1 :i* is apt to affect ! s\nd ( ! v[el :i* prec$es x4 ,su* words z be>1 c>e1 d>e1 c>eful1 p>5t1 are v liable to be corrupt$ 9 pronunciation1 by too broad a s\nd ( ! a2 &1 z ! multiplication ( ne$less di/9ctions %\ld be avoid$1 ,i d n approve ( add+ an o!r s\nd to a v[el :i* has already q too _m4 ,worce/]1 h[ev]1 9 8 new ,diction>y1 & ,wells1 9 8 new ,gramm>1 give to ! v[el ,a six or sev5 s\nds 9 lieu ( f\r2 & ,dr4 ,m&eville1 9 8 ,c\rse ( ,read+1 says1 ,a has eight s\nds4--,p4 #i4 ,,obs4 #h4--,%]idan made ! elem5ts ( 8 oratory tw5ty-eight4 ,jones foll[$ him implicitly1 & adopt$ ! same numb]4#ajj ,walk] recogniz$ sev]al m1 b ,i "k n :e!r he has any:]e told u h[ _m !re are4 ,l9dley ,murray enum]ates ?irty-six1 & ! same ?irty-six t are giv5 9 ! ma9 text above4 ,! eight s\nds n c\nt$ by ,%]idan are ^!3 #a4 ,! ,italian a1 z 9 f>1 fa!r1 :i* he reckon$ b a l5g!n+ ( ! a 9 hat2 #b4 ,! %ort o1 z 9 hot1 :i* he suppos$ to be b a %ort5+ ( ! a 9 hall2 #c4 ,! diph?ongal i1 z 9 isle1 :i* he ?\ght b a quick] union ( ! s\nds ( ! diph?ong oi1 b :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is r a v quick union ( ! s\nds ah & ee into ay1 ,i2#aja #d4 ,! long u1 :i* is ackn[l$g$ to be equal to yu or yew1 ?\gh p]haps a little diff]5t f y or yoo1#ajb ! s\nd giv5 x by ,walk]2 #e4 ,! u he>d 9 pull1 :i* he consid]$ b a %ort5+ ( oo2 #f4 ,! consonant w1 :i* he conceiv$ to be always a v[el1 & equival5t to oo2 #g4 ,! consonant y1 :i* he made equal to a %ort ee2 #h4 ,! consonant h1 :i* he decl>$ to be no lett]1 b a m]e brea?+1 ,9 all o!r respects1 8 s*eme ( ! alphabetic elem5ts agrees ) t :i* is adopt$ 9 ?is "w1 & :i* is n[ mo/ commonly taught4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! effect ( ,quantity 9 ! prolation ( ! v[els1 is a matt] ) :i* e read] ought to be exp]im5tally acqua9t$4 ,quantity is simply ! "t ( utt]ance1 :e!r long or %ort4 ,x is commonly spok5 ( ) ref]5ce to syllables1 because x belongs sev]ally to all ! di/9ct or num]able impulses ( ! voice1 & to ^! only2 b1 z v[els or diph?ongs may be utt]$ alone1 ! notion ( quantity is ( c\rse z applicable to !m1 z to any ( ! m complex s\nds 9 :i* consonants are jo9$ ) !m4 ,all s\nds imply "t2 because !y are ! transi5t effects ( c]ta9 p]cussions :i* tempor>ily agitate ! air1 an elem5t t t5ds to sil5ce4 ,:5 mighty w9ds h swept ov] sea & l&1 & ! voice ( ! ,ocean is rais$1 he speaks to ! t[]+ cliffs 9 ! deep tones ( a long quantity2 ! roll+ bill[s1 z !y meet ! %ore1 pron\nce ! long-drawn syllables ( 8 maje/ic elocution4 ,b see him aga9 9 g5tl] mood2 /& ^u ! bea* & li/5 to ! rippl+ ( 8 m frequ5t waves3 he w tea* y %ort quantity1 z well z long4 ,9 common p>lance1 to avoid t$i\sness1 to save "t1 & to adapt language to circum/ances1 we usually utt] words ) great rapidity1 & 9 comp>atively %ort quantity4 ,b 9 oratory1 & sometimes 9 ord9>y read+1 ^? s\nds :i* are be/ fitt$ to fill & gratify ! e>1 %\ld be s5sibly protract$1 especially 9 emphatic words2 & ev5 ! %orte/ syllable1 mu/ be s l5g!n$ z to be utt]$ ) p]fect cle>ness3 o!rwise ! p]=mance w be judg$ defective4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,"s ( ! v[els are usually utt]$ 9 long] "t ?an o!rs2 b :e!r ! =m] are naturally long1 & ! latt] naturally %ort1 may be d\bt$3 ! common op9ion is1 t !y are4 ,b "o au?or at lea/ d5ies x2 & says1 ,we mu/ explode ! pret5d$ natural epi!ts %ort & long giv5 to our v[els1 indep5d5t on acc5t3 & we mu/ obs]ve t our sil5t e f9al l5g!ns n its syllable1 unless ! prec$+ v[el be acc5t$4--,mack9to%'s ,essay on ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bcb4 ,! di/9ction ( long & %ort v[els :i* has g5]ally obta9$1 & ! correspond5ces :i* "s writ]s h lab\r$ to e/abli% betwe5 !m1 h always be5 to me s\rces ( mu* emb>rassm5t4 ,x w\ld appe>1 t 9 "o or two in/ances1 s\nds t diff] only 9 l5g?1 or "t1 are commonly recogniz$ z diff]5t elem5ts2 & t gramm>ians & or?opi/s1 p]ceiv+ ?is1 h attempt$ to c>ry out ! analogy1 & to f9d among :at !y call ! long v[els a p>5t s\nd = ea* ( ! %ort ones4 ,9 do+ ?is1 !y h ei!r neglect$ to consult ! e>1 or h n *os5 to abide by its v]dict4 ,i suppose ! v[els he>d 9 pull & pool w\ld be necess>ily id5tifi$1 if ! =m] 7 protract$ or ! latt] %ort5$2 & p]haps !re w\ld be a l coalesc5ce ( ^? he>d 9 ( & all1 7 !y tri$ 9 ! same way1 ?\gh ,i am n sure ( x4 ,9 protract+ ! e 9 met1 & ! i 9 %ip1 ignorance or c>elessness might p]haps1 ) ! help ( our or?opi/s1 conv]t ! =m] ^w into mate & ! latt] into %eep2 &1 z ?is w\ld bre$ confusion 9 ! language1 ! avoid+ ( ! simil>ity may p]haps be a suffici5t reason = conf9+ ^! two s\nds ( e & i1 to t %ort quantity 9 :i* !y _c be mi/ak54 ,b to suppose1 z "s d1 t ! protraction ( u 9 tun w\ld id5tify x ) ! o 9 tone1 surpasses any notion ,i h ( :at /upidity may misconceive4 ,) "o or two exceptions1 !re=e1 x appe>s to me t ea* ( ! pure v[el s\nds is ( su* a nature1 t x may be readily recogniz$ by its own peculi> quality or tone1 ?\gh x be made z long or z %ort z x is possible = any s\nd ( ! human voice to be4 ,x is manife/ t ea* ( ! v[el s\nds he>d 9 ate1 at1 arm1 all1 eel1 old1 ooze1 u1 may be protract$ to ! entire ext5t ( a full brea? sl[ly exp5d$1 & /ill be precisely ! same "o simple s\nd2#ajc &1 on ! contr>y1 t all b "o may be %ort5$ to ! v m9imum ( vocality1 & /ill be sev]ally kn[n )\t dang] ( mi/ake4 ,! prolation ( a pure v[el places ! organs ( utt]ance 9 t p>ticul> position :i* ! s\nd ( ! lett] requires1 & !n holds !m unmov$ till we h giv5 to x all ! l5g? we *oose4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,9 treat+ ( ! quantity & quality ( ! v[els1 ,walk] says1 ,! fir/ di/9ction ( s\nd t seems to obtrude itself ^u u :5 we utt] ! v[els1 is a long & a %ort s\nd1 accord+ to ! great] or less duration ( "t tak5 up 9 pron\nc+ !m4 ,?is di/9ction is s obvi\s z to h be5 adopt$ 9 all languages1 & is t to :i* we annex cle>] ideas ?an to any o!r2 & ?\gh ! %ort s\nds ( "s v[els h n 9 our language be5 class$ ) suffici5t accuracy ) _! p>5t long ones1 yet ?is has br$ b little confusion1 z v[els long & %ort are always suffici5tly di/+ui%able4--,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #fc4 ,aga93 ,b ?\gh ! t]ms long & %ort1 z appli$ to v[els1 are pretty g5]ally und]/ood1 an accurate e> w easily p]ceive t ^! t]ms d n always mean ! long & %ort s\nds ( ! respective v[els to :i* !y are appli$2 =1 if we *oose to be direct$ by ! e>1 9 d5om9at+ v[els long or %ort1 we mu/ c]ta9ly give ^! appellations to ^? s\nds only :i* h exactly ! same radical tone1 & diff] only 9 ! long or %ort emission ( t tone4--,ib41 ,no4 #ff4 ,he !n proce$s to /ate 8 op9ion t ! v[el s\nds he>d 9 ! foll[+ words are ?us correspond5t3 tame1 !m2 c>1 c>ry2 wall1 want2 dawn1 gone2 !me1 him2 tone1 ne>ly tun2 pool1 pull4 ,z to ! long s\nds ( i or y1 & ( u1 ^! two be+ diph?ongal1 he supposes ! %ort s\nd ( ea* to be no o!r ?an ! %ort s\nd ( its latt] elem5t ee or oo4 ,n[ to me mo/ ( ?is is exce$+ly unsatisfactory2 & ,i h %[n :y4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,if m5's notions ( ! l5g? & %ortness ( v[els are ! cle>e/ ideas !y h 9 relation to ! elem5ts ( spee*1 h[ comes x to pass t ( all ! disputable po9ts 9 gramm>1 ?is is ! mo/ p]plex$ ) contr>ieties ( op9ion8 ,9 com+ be=e ! _w z an au?or1 no man int5ds to place himself cle>ly 9 ! wrong2 yet1 on ! simple p[]s ( ! lett]s1 we h volumes ( irreconcilable doctr9es4 ,a great connoisseur 9 ?+s ( ?is sort1 :o pr(esses to h be5 long 9 ! habit ( li/5+ to s\nds ( e description1 & t ) m ?an ord9>y att5tion1 decl>es 9 a rec5t & exp5sive "w1 t 9 e language we f9d ! v[els incorrectly class$2 &1 9 ord] to give to ! simple elem5ts ( ,engli% utt]ance a bett] explanation ?an o!rs h furni%$1 he devotes to a new analysis ( our alphabet ! ample space ( tw5ty octavo pages1 besides hav+ sev]al *apt]s on subjects connect$ ) x4 ,& :at d 8 tw5ty pages am\nt to8 ,i w give ! sub/ance ( !m 9 t5 l9es1 & ! read] may judge4 ,he does n tell u h[ _m elem5t>y s\nds !re are2 b1 pr(ess+ to arrange ! v[els1 long & %ort1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are naturally f\nd1 z well z to %[ ( ! consonants t ! mutes & liquids =m correspond5ts 9 regul> pairs1 he pres5ts a s*eme :i* ,i abbreviate z foll[s4 ,,v[els3 #a4 ,a1 z 9 all & :at1 or o1 z 9 orifice & not2 #b4 ,u--urn & hut1 or love & come2 #c4 ,o--vote & e*o2 #d4 ,a--ah & hat2 #e4 ,a--hazy1 no %ort s\nd2 #f4 ,e--eel & x2 #g4 ,e--mercy & met2 #h4 ,o--prove & ado2 #i4 ,,oo--tool & foot2 #aj4 ,w--vow & law2 #aa4 ,y--7l ! fir/ e--7 syntax & duty4 ,,diph?ongs3 #a4 ,i--z ah-ee2 #b4 ,u--z ee-oo2 #c4 ,,ou--z au-oo4 ,,consonants3 #a4 ,mutes1--c or s1 f1 h1 k or q1 p1 t1 ? %>p1 %2 #b4 ,liquids1--l1 :i* has no correspond+ mute1 & z1 v1 r1 ng1 m1 n1 ? flat & j1 :i* sev]ally correspond to ! eight mutes 9 _! ord]2 #c4 ,subliquids1--g h>d1 b1 & d4 ,see ,music ( ,nature1 by ,william ,g>d9]1 p4 #dhj1 & aft]4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,dr4 ,ru% comes to ! explanation ( ! p[]s ( ! lett]s z ! confid5t fir/ reveal] ( nature's managem5t & wisdom2 & hopes to h laid ! f\ndation ( a sy/em ( in/ruction 9 read+ & oratory1 :i*1 if adopt$ & p]fect$1 w beget a simil>ity ( op9ion & practice1 & be f\nd to possess an excell5ce :i* mu/ gr[ into sure & irrev]sible fav\r4--,phil4 ( ! ,voice1 p4 #djd4 ,we h be5 will+1 he says1 to believe1 on fai? alone1 t nature is wise 9 ! contrivance ( spee*4 ,let u n[ %[1 by our works ( analysis1 h[ %e manages ! simple elem5ts ( ! voice1 9 ! production ( _! unb\nd$ comb9ations4--,ibid41 p4 #dd4 ,aga93 ,e "o1 ) peculi> self-satisfaction1 ?9ks he reads well1 & yet all read diff]5tly3 !re is1 h[ev]1 b "o mode ( read+ well4--,ib41 p4 #djc4 ,t "o mode1 "s say1 8 philosophy alone tea*es4 ,( t1 o!rs may judge4 ,i %all only notice "h :at seems to be 8 fundam5tal position1 t1 on all ! vocal elem5ts ( language1 nature has /amp$ duplicity4 ,to e/abli% ?is extraord9>y doctr9e1 he fir/ attempts to prove1 t ! lett] a1 z he>d 9 ! ^w day1 comb9es two di/+ui%able yet insep>able s\nds2 t x is a comp\nd ( :at he calls1 ) ref]5ce to v[els & syllables 9 g5]al1 ! radical & ! vani%+ movem5t ( ! voice1--a s+le & indivisible elem5t 9 :i* two s\nds are he>d cont9u\sly successive1 ! s\nds ( a & e z 9 ale & eve4 ,he does n "k t "s gramm>ians h cont5d$ t ay 9 day is a prop] diph?ong1 9 :i* bo? ! v[els are he>d2 b1 s pron\nc+ x himself1 inf]s f ! exp]im5t1 t !re is no simpl] s\nd ( ! v[el a4 ,if ?is inf]5ce is n wrong1 ! ^w %ape is to be pron\nc$ %a-epe2 &1 9 l mann]1 a multitude ( o!r words w acquire a new elem5t n commonly he>d 9 !m4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,b ! doctr9e /ops n "h4 ,! philosoph] exam9es1 9 "s simil> way1 ! o!r simple v[el s\nds1 & f9ds a beg9n+ & an end1 a base & an apex1 a radical & a vani%+ movem5t1 to !m all2 & imag9es a suffici5t w>rant f nature to divide !m all into two p>ts1 & to conv]t mo/ ( !m into diph?ongs1 z well z to include all diph?ongs ) !m1 z be+ altoge!r z simple & elem5t>y4 ,?us he beg9s ) conf\nd+ all di/9ction betwe5 diph?ongs & simple v[els2 except t :i* he makes = himself :5 he admits ! radical & ! vani%1 ! fir/ half ( a s\nd & ! la/1 to h no diff]5ce 9 quality4 ,?is admission is made ) respect to ! v[els he>d 9 ooze1 eel1 err1 end1 & 91 :i* he calls1 n diph?ongs1 b mono?ongs4 ,b 9 ! a ( ale1 he he>s a'-ee2 9 t ( an1 a'-e2 7t is1 ! %ort a foll[$ by some?+ ( ! s\nd ( e 9 err27 9 t ( art1 ah'-e2 9 t ( all1 awe'-e2 9 ! i ( isle1 i'-ee2 9 ! o ( old1 o'-oo2 9 ! prop] diph?ong ou1 ou'-oo2 9 ! oy ( boy1 he kn[s n :at4 ,aft] 8 explanation ( ^! my/]ies1 he says1 ,! sev5 radical s\nds ) _! vani%es1 :i* h be5 describ$1 include1 z f> z ,i c p]ceive1 all ! elem5t>y diph?ongs ( ! ,engli% language4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,b all ! s\nds ( ! v[el u1 :e!r diph?ongal or simple1 are exclud$ f 8 li/1 unless he means to repres5t "o ( !m by ! e 9 err2 & ! complex v[el s\nd he>d 9 voice & boy1 is confess$ly omitt$ on acc\nt ( a d\bt :e!r x consi/s ( two s\nds or ( ?ree6 ,! elem5ts :i* he enum]ates are ?irty-five2 b if oi is n a triph?ong1 !y are to be ?irty-six4 ,twelve are call$ ,tonics2 & are he>d 9 ! usual s\nd ( ! sep>at$ ,italics1 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,a-ll1 a-rt1 a-n1 a-le1 ou-r1 i-sle1 o-ld1 ee-l1 oo-ze1 e-rr1 e-nd1 i-n1--,ib41 p4 #ec4 ,f\rte5 are call$ ,subtonics2 & are m>k$ by ! sep>at$ ,italics1 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,b-ow1 d-are1 g-ive1 v-ile1 z-"o1 y-e1 w-o1 ?-en1 a-z-ure1 si-ng1 l-ove1 m-ay1 n-ot1 r-oe4--,ib41 p4 #ed4 ,n9e are call$ ,atonics2 !y are he>d 9 ! words1 ,u-p1 ou-t1 ar-k1 i-f1 ye-s1 h-e1 :-eat1 ?-91 pu-%4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,my op9ion ( ?is s*eme ( ! alphabet ! read] w h anticipat$4 ,,iv4 ,,=ms ,,( ,,! ,,lett]s4 ,9 pr9t$ books ( ! ,engli% language1 ! ,roman *>act]s are g5]ally employ$2 sometimes1 ! ,italic2 & occasionally1 ! ,font *ange3 ,old ,engli%3 b 9 h&writ+1 ,font *ange3 ,script lett]s are us$1 ! =ms ( :i* are peculi>ly adapt$ to ! p54 ,*>act]s ( diff]5t sorts or sizes %\ld nev] be ne$lessly mix$2 because facility ( read+1 z well z ! beauty ( a book1 dep5ds mu* ^u ! regul>ity ( its lett]s4 ,9 ! ord9>y =ms ( ! ,roman lett]s1 e ?ick /roke t slants1 slants f ! left to ! "r d[nw>ds1 except ! middle /roke 9 ,z2 & e ?9 /roke t slants1 slants f ! left to ! "r upw>ds4 ,italics are *iefly us$ to di/+ui% emphatic or rem>kable words3 9 ! ,bible1 !y %[ :at words 7 suppli$ by ! translators4 ,9 manuscripts1 a s+le l9e drawn "u a ^w is meant = ,italics2 a d\ble l9e1 = small capitals2 a triple l9e1 = full capitals4 ,9 e k9d ( type or "*1 ! lett]s h sev]ally two =ms1 by :i* !y are di/+ui%$ z capitals & small lett]s4 ,small lett]s con/itute ! body ( e "w2 & capitals are us$ = ! sake ( em95ce & di/9ction4 ,! titles ( books1 & ! heads ( _! pr9cipal divisions1 are pr9t$ :olly 9 capitals4 ,%[bills1 pa9t$ signs1 & %ort inscriptions1 commonly appe> be/ 9 full capitals4 ,"s ( ^! are s copi$ 9 books2 z1 ,i f\nd an alt> ) ?is inscription1 ,,to ,,! ,,unkn[n ,,god4--,acts1 xvii1 #bc4 ,& !y set up ov] 8 head1 8 accusation writt51 ,,?is ,,is ,,jesus1 ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,! ,,jews4--,matt41 xxvii1 #cg4 ,,rules ,,= ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,capitals4 ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,books4 ,:5 p>ticul> books are m5tion$ by _! names1 ! *ief words 9 _! titles beg9 ) capitals1 & ! o!r lett]s are small2 z1 ,pope's ,essay on ,man--! ,book ( ,common ,pray]--! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 #ajd ,,rule ,,ii4--,,fir/ ,,words4 ,! fir/ ^w ( e di/9ct s5t5ce1 or ( any clause sep>ately numb]$ or p>agraph$1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital2 z1 ,rejoice ev]more4 ,pray )\t ceas+4 ,9 e ?+ give ?anks3 = ?is is ! w ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus conc]n+ y4 ,qu5* n ! ,_s4 ,despise n prophesy+s4 ,prove all ?+s3 hold fa/ t :i* is good4--#a ,!ss41 v1 #af--ba4 #ad4 ,he has giv5 8 ass5t to _! acts ( pret5d$ legislation3 #ae4 ,= qu>t]+ l>ge bodies ( arm$ troops among u3 #af4 ,= protect+ !m1 by a mock trial1 f puni%m5t = murd]s3 #ag4 ,= cutt+ (f our trade ) all p>ts ( ! _w3 #ah4 ,= impos+ taxes on u )\t our cons5t3 c4 ,decl>ation ( ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,! ,,deity4 ,all names ( ! ,deity1 & sometimes _! emphatic sub/itutes1 %\ld beg9 ) capitals2 z1 ,god1 ,jehovah1 ! ,almighty1 ! ,supreme ,be+1 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 ! ,messiah1 ! ,com=t]1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,"l ( ,sabao?4 ,! hope ( my _s turns trembl+ to ,!e4--,moore4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,prop] ,,names4 ,prop] names1 ( e description1 %\ld always beg9 ) capitals2 z1 ,saul ( ,t>sus1 ,simon ,pet]1 ,judas ,isc>iot1 ,engl&1 ,london1 ! ,/r&1 ! ,?ames1 ! ,pyr5ees1 ! ,vatican1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,argo & ! ,argonauts4 ,,rule ,v4--,,( ,,titles4 ,titles ( (fice or hon\r1 & epi!ts ( di/9ction1 appli$ to p]sons1 beg9 usually ) capitals2 z1 ,8 ,maje/y ,william ! ,f\r?1 ,*ief ,ju/ice ,m>%all1 ,sir ,mat!w ,hale1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*alm]s1 ,lewis ! ,bold1 ,*>les ! ,second1 ,james ! ,less1 ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]1 ,noah ,web/]1 ,jun41 ,esq4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,"o ,,capital4 ,^? comp\nd prop] names :i* by analogy incl9e to a union ( _! p>ts )\t a hyph51 %\ld be s writt51 & h b "o capital3 z1 ,ea/port1 ,ea/ville1 ,we/bor\gh1 ,we/field1 ,we/t[n1 ,:itehall1 ,:ite*ur*1 ,:itehav51 ,:itepla9s1 ,m\ntmellick1 ,m\ntpleasant1 ,g]mant[n1 ,g]manflats1 ,blackrock1 ,r$hook1 ,k9d]hook1 ,newf\ndl&1 ,/at5l&1 ,newca/le1 ,nor?ca/le1 ,s\?bridge1 ,fairhav51 ,dekalb1 ,d]uyt]1 ,lafayette1 ,macph]son4 ,,rule ,,vii4--,,two ,,capitals4 ,! comp\nd+ ( a "n "u "o capital %\ld be avoid$ :5 ! g5]al analogy ( o!r simil> t]ms sugge/s a sep>ation "u two2 z1 ,! *ief m\nta9s ( ,ross-%ire are ,b5 ,*at1 ,b5*ask]1 ,b5 ,goli*1 ,b5 ,nore1 ,b5 ,fosk>g1 & ,b5 ,wyvis4--,glasg[ ,geog41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #caa4 ,write ,b5 ,*ask]4 ,s1 :5 ! ^w ,ea/1 ,we/1 ,nor?1 or ,s\?1 z "p ( a "n1 d5otes relative position1 or :5 ! ^w ,new di/+ui%es a place by contra/1 we h g5]ally sep>ate words & two capitals2 z1 ,ea/ ,gre5wi*1 ,we/ ,gre5wi*1 ,nor? ,bridgewat]1 ,s\? ,bridgewat]1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,,rule ,,viii4--,,comp\nds4 ,:5 any adjective or common n\n is made a di/9ct "p ( a comp\nd prop] "n1 x ought to beg9 ) a capital2 z1 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,arg5t9e ,republic1 ! ,peak ( ,t5]iffe1 ! ,blue ,ridge1 ! ,little ,p$ee1 ,long ,isl&1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,l[] ,canada1 ,gre5 ,bay1 ,gretna ,gre51 ,l&'s ,end1 ! ,gold ,coa/4 ,,rule ,,ix4--,,apposition4 ,:5 a common & a prop] "n are associat$ m]ely to expla9 ea* o!r1 x is 9 g5]al suffici5t1 if ! prop] "n beg9 ) a capital1 & ! appellative1 ) a small lett]2 z1 ,! prophet ,eli%a1 ,mat!w ! publican1 ! brook ,*]i?1 ! riv] ,euphrates1 ! ,ohio riv]1 ,w>r5 c\nty1 ,flatbu% village1 ,new ,york city4 ,,rule ,x4--,,p]sonifications4 ,! "n ( an object p]sonifi$1 :5 x conveys an idea /rictly individual1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital2 z1 ,^u ?is1 ,fancy began aga9 to be/ir h]self4--,addison4 ,come1 g5tle ,spr+1 e!real mildness1 come4--,?omson4 ,,rule ,,xi4--,,d]ivatives4 ,words d]iv$ f prop] names1 & hav+ direct ref]5ce to p>ticul> p]sons1 places1 sects1 or nations1 %\ld beg9 ) capitals2 z1 ,platonic1 ,newtonian1 ,greek1 or ,grecian1 ,romi%1 or ,roman1 ,italic1 or ,italian1 ,g]man1 or ,g]manic1 ,sw$i%1 ,turki%1 ,*9ese1 ,g5oese1 ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,scot*1 ,wel%3 s1 p]haps1 to ,platonize1 ,grecize1 ,romanize1 ,italicize1 ,lat9ize1 or ,fr5*ify4 ,,rule ,,xii4--,,( ,i ,,& ,o4 ,! words ,i & ,o %\ld always be capitals2 z1 ,praise ! ,"l1 ,o ,j]usalem2 praise ?y ,god1 ,o ,zion4--,psalm cxlvii4 ,o wret*$ man t ,i am6--,= t :i* ,i d1 ,i all[ n3 = :at ,i w\ld1 t d ,i n2 b :at ,i hate1 t d ,i4--,rom41 vii1 #bd & #ae4 ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,( ,,poetry4 ,e l9e 9 poetry1 except :at is reg>d$ z mak+ b "o v]se ) ! l9e prec$+1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital2 z1 ,our sons _! fa!rs' fail+ language see1 ,& su* z ,*auc] is1 %all ,dryd5 be4--,pope4 ,( ! exception1 "s editions ( ! ,psalms 9 ,metre are full ( examples2 z1 ,happy ! man ^: t5d] c>e relieves ! poor di/ress'd6 ,:5 tr\bles compass him ar\nd1 ! ,"l %all give him re/4 ,psalms ) ,com4 ,pray]1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahai1 ,ps4 xli4 ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,( ,,examples4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a full example1 ( a di/9ct spee*1 or ( a direct quotation1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital2 z1 ,rememb] ?is maxim3 ',"k ?yself4'--,virgil says1 ',lab\r conqu]s all ?+s4'--,jesus answ]$ !m1 ,is x n writt5 9 y\r law1 ,i said1 ,ye are gods8--,john1 x1 #cd4 ,?\ kn[e/ ! comm&m5ts1 ,d n commit adult]y1 ,d n kill1 ,d n /eal1 ,d n be> false witness1 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m4--,luke1 xviii1 #bj4 ,,rule ,,xv4--,,*ief ,,words4 ,o!r words ( p>ticul> importance1 & su* z d5ote ! pr9cipal subjects treat$ (1 may be di/+ui%$ by capitals2 & names subscrib$ frequ5tly h capitals ?r\gh\t3 z1 ,9 its application to ! ,executive1 ) ref]5ce to ! ,legislative bran* ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! same rule ( action %\ld make ! ,presid5t ev] anxi\s to avoid ! ex]cise ( any discretion>y au?ority :i* c be regulat$ by ,congress4--,,&rew ,,jackson1 #ahce4 ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,ne$less ,,capitals4 ,capitals are improp] :]ev] !re is n "s special rule or reason = _! use3 a c5tury ago books 7 disfigur$ by _! frequ5cy2 z1 ,_m a ,noble ,g5ius is lo/ = want ( ,education4 ,:i* w\'d !n be ,mu* ,m ,lib]al4 ,z x 0 :5 ! ,*ur* ,enjoy'd h] ,possessions4 ,& ,le>n+ 01 9 ! ,d>k ,ages1 ,pres]v'd almo/ only among ! ,cl]gy4--,,*>les ,,leslie1 #agjj2 ,div9e ,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #bbh4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 read by _! names1 are equival5t to words4 ,!y are a sort ( univ]sal signs1 by :i* we may m>k & p>ticul>ize objects ( any sort1 nam$ or nameless2 z1 ,to say1 !re=e1 t :ile ,a & ,b are bo? quadrangul>1 ,a is m or less quadrangul> ?an ,b1 is absurd4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,h5ce !y are us$ 9 ! sci5ces z symbols ( an inf9ite v>iety ( ?+s or ideas1 be+ con/ru$ bo? sub/antively & adjectively2 z1 ,9 asc5d+ f ! note ,c to ,d1 ! int]val is equal to an in*2 & f ,d to ,e1 ! same4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bic4 ,we h only to imag9e ! ,g clef plac$ bel[ x4--,ib4 ,any ( _! =ms may be us$ = su* purposes1 b ! cu/om ( ea* sci5ce det]m9es our *oice4 ,?us ,algebra employs small ,italics2 ,music1 ,roman capitals2 ,geometry1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! same2 ,a/ronomy1 ,greek *>act]s2 & ,gramm>1 9 "s "p or o!r1 e sort4 ,examples3 ,!n comes answ] l an ,,abc book4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #ig4 ,!n comes "q l an a1 b1 c1 book4--,%akspe>e4 ,see ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 9 ,johnson's qu>to ,dict4 ,bett]3--l an ,a-,bee-,cee book4 ,= ,a1 8 magic p5 evokes an ,o1 ,& turns ! tide ( ,europe on ! foe4--,"y4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,a lavi% use ( capitals defeats ! v purpose = :i* ! lett]s 7 di/+ui%$ 9 rank2 & c>elessness 9 respect to ! rules :i* gov]n !m1 may sometimes misrepres5t ! writ]'s mean+4 ,on _m occasions1 h[ev]1 _! use or disuse is arbitr>y1 & mu/ be left to ! judgem5t & ta/e ( au?ors & pr9t]s4 ,in/ances ( ?is k9d w1 = ! mo/ "p1 conc]n *ief words1 & come "u ! fifte5? rule above4 ,9 ?is gramm>1 ! numb] ( rules is increas$2 b ! =ego+ are /ill p]haps too few to e/abli% an accurate uni=mity4 ,!y w h[ev] t5d to ?is desirable result2 & if d\bts arise 9 _! application1 ! difficulties w be 9 p>ticul> examples only1 & n 9 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! rules4 ,= in/ance3 ,9 #a ,*ron41 xxix1 #aj?1 "s ( our ,bibles say1 ,bless$ be ?\1 ,,"l ,god ( ,israel our fa!r1 = ev] & ev]4 ,o!rs say1 ,bless$ be ?\1 ,,"l ,god ( ,israel1 our ,fa!r1 = ev] & ev]4 ,& o!rs1 ,bless$ be ?\1 ,,"l ,god ( ,israel our ,fa!r1 = ev] & ev]4 ,! la/ is wrong1 ei!r 9 ! capital ,f1 or = lack ( a comma aft] ,israel4 ,! o!rs diff] 9 mean+2 because !y con/rue ! ^w fa!r1 or ,fa!r1 diff]5tly4 ,:i* is "r ,i "k n4 ,! fir/ agrees ) ! ,lat9 ,vulgate1 & ! second1 ) ! ,greek text ( ! ,septuag9t2 :i* two fam\s v]sions "h disagree1 )\t ambiguity 9 ei!r4#aje ,,obs4 #c4--,! innum]able discrepancies 9 respect to capitals1 :i*1 to a great] or less ext5t1 disgrace ! v be/ editions ( our mo/ popul> books1 are a suffici5t evid5ce ( ! want ( bett] directions on ?is po9t4 ,9 am5d+ ! rules = ?is purpose1 ,i h n be5 able entirely to satisfy myself2 & !re=e mu/ ne$s fail to satisfy ! v critical read]4 ,b ! public %all h ! be/ in/ructions ,i c give4 ,on ,rule #a/1 conc]n+ ,books1 x may be obs]v$1 t :5 p>ticul> books or writ+s are m5tion$ by o!r t]ms ?an _! real titles1 ! pr9ciple ( ! rule does n apply4 ,?us1 "o may call ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,milton's great poem2 or ! ,div]sions ( ,purley1 ! etymological inve/igations ( ,horne ,tooke4 ,s x is writt5 9 ! ,bible1 ,& !re 0 deliv]$ unto him ! book ( ! prophet ,esaias4--,luke1 iv1 #ag4 ,because ! "n ( ,esaias1 or ,isaiah1 seems to be ! only prop] title ( 8 book4 ,,obs4 #d4--,on ,rule #b;d1 conc]n+ ,fir/ ,words1 x may be obs]v$1 t ! us+ ( o!r po9ts ?an ! p]iod1 to sep>ate s5t5ces t are totally di/9ct 9 s5se1 z is sometimes practis$ 9 quot+1 is no reason = ! omission ( capitals at ! beg9n+ ( su* s5t5ces2 b1 r1 an obvi\s reason = _! use4 ,our gramm>ians frequ5tly manufacture a p>cel ( pu]ile examples1 &1 ) ! =mality ( app>5t quotation1 ?r[ !m toge!r 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,he is above disguise2 we s]ve "u a good ma/]2 he rules ov] a will+ p2 we %\ld d no?+ b5ea? our "*4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,^! s5t5ces1 & all o!rs s relat$1 %\ld1 unque/ionably1 beg9 ) capitals4 ,( !mselves1 !y are di/9ct en\gh to be sep>at$ by ! p]iod & a da%4 ,) examples ( "o's own mak+1 ! quotation po9ts may be us$ or n1 z ! writ] pleases2 b n on _! ins]tion or omission1 nor ev5 on ! quality ( ! sep>at+ po9t1 dep5ds 9 all cases ! propriety or impropriety ( us+ initial capitals4 ,= example3 ,! ,future ,t5se is ! =m ( ! v]b :i* d5otes future "t2 z1 ,john w come1 y %all g1 !y w le>n1 ! sun w rise to-morr[1 he w return next week4--,frazee's ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,old ,edition1 #ce4 ,to say no?+ ( ! punctuation "h us$1 x is c]ta9 t ! initial words1 y1 !y1 !1 & he1 %\ld h comm5c$ ) capitals4 ,,obs4 #e4--,on ,rule #c;d1 conc]n+ ,names ( ,deity1 x may be obs]v$1 t ! words ,"l & ,god take ! nature ( prop] names1 only :5 !y are us$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,et]nal ,div9ity4 ,! =m]1 z a title ( hon\r to m51 is usually writt5 ) a capital2 b1 z a common appellative1 ) a small lett]4 ,! latt]1 :5 us$ ) ref]5ce to any fabul\s deity1 or :5 made plural to speak ( _m1 %\ld seldom1 if ev]1 beg9 ) a capital2 = we d n write ) a capital any common "n :i* we d n mean to hon\r3 z1 ,?\gh !re be t are call$ gods1 :e!r 9 heav5 or 9 e>?--z !re be gods _m1 & lords _m4--#a ,cor41 viii1 #e4 ,b a div]sity ( design or conception 9 respect to ?is k9d ( di/9ction1 has produc$ great div]sity conc]n+ capitals1 n only 9 orig9al writ+s1 b also 9 repr9ts & quotations1 n except+ ev5 ! sacr$ books4 ,example3 ,! ,"l is a great ,god1 & a great ,k+ above all ,gods4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #hh4 ,p]haps ! writ] "h exalts ! inf]ior be+s call$ gods1 t he may hon\r ! "o true ,god ! m2 b ! ,bible1 9 f\r editions to :i* ,i h turn$1 gives ! ^w gods no capital4 ,see ,psalms1 xcv1 #c4 ,! ^w ,heav5 put = ,god1 beg9s ) a capital2 b :5 tak5 lit]ally1 x commonly beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,sev]al n\ns occasionally connect$ ) names ( ! ,deity1 are writt5 ) a v puzzl+ div]sity3 z1 ,! ,"l ( ,sabao?2--,! ,"l ,god ( ho/s2--,! ,god ( armies2--,! ,fa!r ( goodness2--,! ,giv] ( all good2--,! ,"l1 ! righte\s ,judge4 ,all ^!1 & _m m l !m1 are f\nd sometimes ) a capital1 & sometimes )\t4 ,sabao?1 be+ a =eign ^w1 & us$ only 9 ?is p>ticul> connexion1 usually takes a capital2 b ! equival5t ,engli% words d n seem to require x4 ,= ,judge1 9 ! la/ example1 ,i w\ld use a capital2 = good & goodness1 9 ! prec$+ ones1 ! small lett]3 ! "o is an em95t "n1 ! o!rs are m]e attributes4 ,alg] writes1 ! ,son ( ,man1 ) two capitals2 o!rs1 p]haps m prop]ly1 ! ,son ( man1 ) "o--:]ev] t phrase occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b1 9 "s editions1 x has no capital at all4 ,,obs4 #f4--,on ,rule #d?1 conc]n+ ,prop] ,names1 x may be obs]v$1 t ! application ( ?is pr9ciple supposes ! le>n] to be able to di/+ui% betwe5 prop] names & common appellatives4 ,( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two classes ( words1 almo/ e *ild t c speak1 mu/ h =m$ "s idea4 ,i once notic$ t a v little boy1 :o knew no bett] ?an to call a pigeon a turkey because ! creature _h fea!rs1 0 suffici5tly ma/] ( ?is di/9ction1 to call _m individuals by _! sev]al names1 & to apply ! common words1 man1 woman1 boy1 girl1 c41 ) t g5]ality :i* belongs to !m4 ,!re is1 !re=e1 "s v pla9 gr\nd = ?is rule4 ,b n all is pla91 & ,i w n veil ! cause ( emb>rassm5t4 ,x is only an act ( impo/ure1 to pret5d t gramm> is easy1 9 /ead ( mak+ x s4 ,innum]able in/ances occur1 9 :i* ! foll[+ ass]tion is by no means true3 ,! di/9ction betwe5 a common & a prop] n\n is v obvi\s4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p #cb4 ,nor d ! rem>ks ( ?is au?or1 or ^? ( any o!r t ,i am acqua9t$ )1 remove any "p ( ! difficulty4 ,we are told by ?is g5tleman1 79 language incorrigibly bad17 t1 ,n\ns :i* d5ote ! g5us1 species1 or v>iety ( be+s or ?+s1 are always common2 z1 tree1 ! g5us2 oak1 a%1 *e/nut1 popl>1 diff]5t species2 & r$ oak1 :ite oak1 black oak1 v>ieties4--,ib41 p4 #cb4 ,n[1 z x requires b "o n\n to d5ote ei!r a g5us or a species1 ,i "k n h[ to conceive ( ^? n\ns :i* d5ote ! g5us ( ?+s1 except z ( o!r confusion & nons5se2 &1 z = ! ?ree v>ieties ( oak1 !re are surely no n\ns "h to d5ote !m1 unless he w h r$1 :ite1 & black to be n\ns4 ,b :at %all we say (--! ,r$ sea1 ! ,:ite sea1 ! ,black sea2 or1 ) two capitals1 ,r$ ,sea1 ,:ite ,sea1 ,black ,sea1 & a ?\s& o!r simil> t]ms1 :i* are nei!r prop] names unless !y are writt5 ) capitals1 nor writt5 ) capitals unless !y are fir/ judg$ to be prop] names8 ,! simple phrase1 ! unit$ /ates1 has no?+ ( ! nature ( a prop] "n2 b :at is ! "* ( ! t]m1 :5 writt5 ) two capitals1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,if we cont5d t x is n !n a prop] "n1 we make our c\ntry anonym\s4 ,& :at %all we say to ^? gramm>ians :o cont5d1 t ,heav51 ,hell1 ,e>?1 ,sun1 & ,moon1 are prop] names2 & t1 z su*1 !y %\ld be writt5 ) capitals8 ,see ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #chj4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,x w\ld seem t mo/1 if n all1 prop] names _h orig9ally "s common signification1 & t v _m ( our ord9>y words & phrases h be5 conv]t$ into prop] names1 m]ely by be+ appli$ to p>ticul> p]sons1 places1 or objects1 & receiv+ ! di/9ction ( capitals4 ,h[ _m ( ! oceans1 seas1 lakes1 capes1 isl&s1 m\nta9s1 /ates1 c\nties1 /reets1 in/itutions1 build+s1 & o!r ?+s1 :i* we con/antly p>ticul>ize1 h no o!r prop] names ?an su* z are ?us =m$1 & su* z are /ill p]haps1 9 _m in/ances1 ess5tially appellative6 ,! difficulties respect+ ^! w be fur!r notic$ bel[4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> individual1 gr\p1 or p2 z1 ,adam1 ,bo/on1 ! ,hudson1 ! ,azores1 ! ,&es1 ! ,romans1 ! ,jews1 ! ,jesuits1 ! ,*]okees4 ,?is is z good a def9ition z ,i c give ( a prop] n\n or "n4 ,?us we commonly di/+ui% ! names ( p>ticul> p]sons1 places1 nations1 tribes1 or sects1 ) capitals4 ,yet we "n ! sun1 ! moon1 ! equator1 & _m o!r p>ticul> objects1 )\t a capital2 = ! ^w ! may give a p>ticul> mean+ to a common n\n1 )\t conv]t+ x into a prop] "n3 b if we say ,sol1 = ! sun1 or ,luna1 = ! moon1 we write x ) a capital4 ,) "s app>5t inconsi/5cy1 we commonly write ! ^w ,g5tiles ) a capital1 b pagans1 hea!ns1 & negroes1 )\t3 ?us cu/om has m>k$ ^! names ) degradation4 ,! names ( ! days ( ! week1 & ^? ( ! mon?s1 h[ev] express$1 appe> to me to p>take ( ! nature ( prop] names1 & to require capitals3 z1 ,sunday1 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday1 ,friday1 ,saturday2 or1 z ! ,fri5ds d5om9ate !m1 ,fir/day1 ,secondday1 ,?irdday1 ,f\r?day1 ,fif?day1 ,six?day1 ,sev5?day4 ,s1 if !y w n use ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 c41 !y %\ld write z prop] names _! ,fir/mon?1 ,secondmon?1 c4 ,! ,hebrew names = ! mon?s1 7 also prop] n\ns3 to wit1 ,abib1 ,zif1 ,sivan1 ,?amuz1 ,ab1 ,elul1 ,tisri1 ,m>*esvan1 ,*isleu1 ,tebe?1 ,%ebat1 ,ad>2 ! ye>1 ) ! anci5t ,jews1 beg9n+1 z ours once did1 9 ,m>*4 ,,obs4 #h4--,on ,rule #e?1 conc]n+ ,titles ( ,hon\r1 x may be obs]v$1 t names ( (fice or rank1 h[ev] high1 d n require capitals m]ely z su*2 =1 :5 we use !m alone 9 _! ord9>y s5se1 or simply place !m 9 apposition ) prop] names1 )\t int5d+ any p>ticul> hon\r1 we beg9 !m ) a small lett]3 z1 ! emp]or ,augu/us2--our mighty sov]eign1 ,abbas ,c>ascan2--,david ! k+2--,tidal k+ ( nations2--,bonn]1 bi%op ( ,london2--,! sons ( ,eliphaz1 ! fir/-born y ( ,esau2 duke ,teman1 duke ,om>1 duke ,zepho1 duke ,k5az1 duke ,korah1 duke ,gatam1 & duke ,amalek4--,g541 xxxvi1 #ae4 ,s1 sometimes1 9 addresses 9 :i* ev5 ! greate/ respect is int5d$ to be %[n3 z1 ,o sir1 we came inde$ d[n at ! fir/ "t to buy food4--,g541 xliii1 #bj4 ,o my "l1 let ?y s]vant1 ,i pray !e1 speak a ^w 9 my "l's e>s4--,g541 xliv1 #ah4 ,! ,bible1 :i* makes small acc\nt ( worldly hon\rs1 seldom uses capitals "u ?is rule2 b1 9 "s editions1 we f9d ,nehemiah ! ,tir%a?a1 & ,h]od ! ,tetr>*1 ea* ) a ne$less capital4 ,murray1 9 ^: illu/rations ! ^w k+ occurs e>ly "o hundr$ times1 seldom hon\rs 8 ,maje/y ) a capital2 &1 :at is m1 9 all ?is mawki% m5tion+ ( royalty1 no?+ is said ( x t is wor? kn[+4 ,examples3 ,! k+ & ! que5 _h put on _! robes4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,! k+1 ) 8 life-gu>d1 has j pass$ ?r\gh ! village4--,ib41 #aej4 ,! k+ ( ,great ,brita9's dom9ions4--,ib41 #de4 ,on a sudd5 appe>$ ! k+4--,ib41 #adf4 ,long live ! ,k+6--,ib41 #adf4 ,on :i* side soev] ! k+ ca/ 8 eyes4--,ib41 #aef4 ,x is ! k+ ( ,great ,brita9's4--,ib41 #agf4 ,he desir$ to be _! k+4--,ib41 #aha4 ,!y desir$ him to be _! k+4--,ib41 #aha4 ,he caus$ himself to be proclaim$ k+4--,ib41 #ahb4 ,^! examples1 & ?\s&s m z simple & wor?less1 are among ! pret5d$ quotations by :i* ?is excell5t man1 ?\ght to promote ! cause ( virtue1 z well z ( le>n+6 ,,obs4 #i4--,on ,rule #f?1 conc]n+ ,"o ,capital = ,comp\nds1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 t p]haps !re is no?+ m puzzl+ 9 gramm>1 ?an to f9d out1 amid/ all ! div]sity ( r&om writ+1 & wild guess-"w 9 pr9t+1 ! true way 9 :i* ! comp\nd names ( places %\ld be writt54 ,= example3 ,:at 9 ,greek 0 ho ,areios ,pagos1 ! ,m>tial ,hill1 occurs twice 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 once1 9 ! accusative case1 ton ,areion ,pagan1 :i* is r5d]$ ,areopagus2 & once1 9 ! g5itive1 t\ ,arei\ ,pag\1 :i*1 9 diff]5t copies ( ! ,engli% ,bible is made ,m>s' ,hill1 ,m>s' hill1 ,m>s'-hill1 ,m>%ill1 ,m>s ,hill1 & p]haps ,m>s hill4 ,b if ,m>s mu/ ne$s be put 9 ! possessive case1 7:i* ,i d\bt17 !y are all wrong3 = !n x %\ld be ,m>s's ,hill2 z ! "n ,campus ,m>t9s is r5d]$ ,m>s's ,field1 9 ,colli]'s ,life ( ,m>cus ,anton9us4 ,we (t5 use n\ns adjectively2 & ,areios is an adjective3 ,i w\ld !re=e write ?is "n ,m>s ,hill1 z we write ,bunk] ,hill4 ,aga93 ,:itehav5 & ,fairhav5 are commonly writt5 ) s+le capitals2 b1 ( six or sev5 t[ns call$ ,ne:av5 or ,new ,hav51 "s h ! "n 9 "o ^w & "s 9 two4 ,hav5 means a h>b\r1 & ! words1 ,new ,hav51 writt5 sep>ately1 w\ld naturally be und]/ood ( a h>b\r3 ! close comp\nd is obvi\sly m suitable = ! "n ( a city or t[n4 ,9 ,engl&1 comp\nds ( ?is k9d are m us$ ?an 9 ,am]ica2 & 9 bo? c\ntries ! t5d5cy ( common usage seems to be1 to contract & consolidate su* t]ms4 ,h5ce ! ,briti% c\nties are almo/ all nam$ by comp\nds end+ ) ! ^w %ire2 z1 ,nott+ham%ire1 ,d]by%ire1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,leice/]%ire1 ,nor?ampton%ire1 ,w>wick%ire1 ,worce/]%ire1 c4 ,b ! be/ books we h1 are full ( discrepancies & errors 9 respect to names1 :e!r =eign or dome/ic2 z1 ,ulswat] is some:at small]4 ,! h&some/ is ,d]w5twat]4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bab4 ,ulswat]1 a lake ( ,engl&1 c4 ,d]w5t-,wat]1 a lake 9 ,cumb]l&1 c4--,univ4 ,gazette]1 ,ulleswat]1 lake1 ,eng4 situat$ p>tly 9 ,we/morel&1 c4--,worce/]'s ,gaz4 ,d]w5t ,wat]1 lake1 ,eng4 9 ,cumb]l&4--,ibid4 ,^! words1 ,i suppose1 %\ld be writt5 ,ullswat] & ,d]w5twat]4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,an affix1 or t]m9ation1 diff]s f a di/9ct ^w2 & is commonly und]/ood o!rwise1 ?\gh x may consi/ ( ! same lett]s & h ! same s\nd4 ,?us1 if ,i 7 to write ,/[ ,bridge1 x w\ld be und]/ood ( a bridge2 if ,/[bridge1 ( a t[n3 or ! latt] might ev5 be ! "n ( a family4 ,s ,belleisle is ! prop] "n ( a /rait2 & ,belle ,isle ( sev]al diff]5t isl&s 9 ,france & ,am]ica4 ,^u ?is pla9 di/9ction1 & ! manife/ inconv5i5ce ( any violation ( s cle> an analogy ( ! language1 dep5ds ! propriety ( mo/ ( ! corrections :i* ,i %all (f] "u ,rule #f?4 ,b if ! inhabitants ( any place *oose to call _! t[n a creek1 a riv]1 a h>b\r1 or a bridge1 & to ?9k x (fici\s 9 o!r m5 to pret5d to "k bett]1 !y may d z !y please4 ,if betwe5 !m & _! correctors !re lie a mutual *>ge ( misnom]1 x is = ! lit]>y _w to det]m9e :o is "r4 ,important names are sometimes acquir$ by m]e accid5t4 ,^? :i* are totally inappropriate1 no reasonable design c h be/[$4 ,?us a fanci$ resemblance betwe5 ! isl& ( ,aquidneck1 9 ,n>raganset ,bay1 & t ( ,rhodes1 9 ! gean ,sea1 has at l5g? giv5 to a /ate1 or republic1 :i* lies *iefly on ! ma9 l&1 ! absurd "n ( ,rhode ,isl&2 s t n[1 to di/+ui% ,aquidneck itself1 geograph]s resort to ! /range phrase1 ! ,isl& ( ,rhode ,isl&4--,balbi4 ,! (ficial title ( ?is little republic1 is1 ! ,/ate ( ,rhode ,isl& & ,provid5ce ,plantations4 ,b ?is "n is n only too long = popul> use1 b x is d\btful 9 its con/ruction & mean+4 ,x is capable ( be+ und]/ood 9 f\r diff]5t ways4 #a4 ,a /rang] to ! fact1 w\ld n le>n f ?is phrase1 t ! ,provid5ce ,plantations are includ$ 9 ! ,/ate ( ,rhode ,isl&1 b w\ld naturally inf] ! contr>y4 #b4 ,! phrase1 ,rhode ,isl& & ,provid5ce ,plantations1 may be suppos$ to mean ,rhode ,isl& ,plantations & ,provid5ce ,plantations4 #c4 ,x may be und]/ood to mean ,rhode ,isl& & ,provid5ce i4e41 two ,plantations4 #d4 ,x may be tak5 = ,rhode ,isl& i4e41 z an isl&1 & ! ,provid5ce ,plantations4 ,:i*1 n[1 ( all ^! did ,*>les ! ,second mean1 :5 he gave ! colony ?is "n1 ) 8 *>t]1 9 #affc8 ,x happ5$ t he meant ! la/2 b ,i d\bt :e!r any man 9 ! /ate1 except p]haps "s le>n$ lawy]1 c p>se ! phrase1 ) any c]ta9ty ( its true con/ruction & mean+4 ,?is old title c nev] be us$1 except 9 law4 ,to write ! popul> "n ,rhodeisl&1 z ,dr4 ,web/] has x 9 8 ,am]ican ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aba1 w\ld be "s improvem5t ^u x2 b to make x ,rhodel&1 or simply ,rhode1 w\ld be mu* m appropriate4 ,z = ,rhode ,isl&1 x ought to mean no?+ b ! isl&2 & x is1 9 fact1 an abuse ( language to apply x o!rwise4 ,9 "o ( 8 p>s+ lessons1 ,sanborn gives u = good ,engli% ! foll[+ tautology3 ,rhode ,isl& d]iv$ its "n f ! isl& ( ,rhode ,isl&4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,?9k ( t s5t5ce6 ,,obs4 #aa4--,on ,rules #g? & #h?1 conc]n+ ,two ,capitals = ,comp\nds1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 ) a g5]al ref]5ce to ^? comp\nd t]ms :i* designate p>ticul> places or ?+s1 t x is (t5 no easy matt] to det]m9e1 ei!r f cu/om or f analogy1 :e!r su* common words z may happ5 to be embrac$ 9 !m1 are to be acc\nt$ p>ts ( comp\nd prop] names & writt5 ) capitals1 or to be reg>d$ z appellatives1 requir+ small lett]s accord+ to ,rule #i?4 ,aga9 ! "q may be1 :e!r !y ought n to be jo9$ to ! =ego+ ^w1 accord+ to ,rule #f?4 ,let ! num]\s examples "u ^! f\r rules be duly consid]$3 = usage1 9 respect to ea* ( !m1 is div]se2 s mu* s1 t we n unfrequ5tly f9d x contradictory1 9 ! v same page1 p>agraph1 or ev5 s5t5ce4 ,p]haps we may rea* "s pr9ciples ( uni=mity & consi/5cy1 by obs]v+ ! sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( phrases ?us us$4 #a4 ,we (t5 add an adjective to an old prop] "n to make a new "o1 or to s]ve ! purpose ( di/9ction3 z1 ,n[ ,york1 ,new ,orleans1 ,new ,engl&1 ,new ,b$=d2 ,nor? ,am]ica1 ,s\? ,am]ica2 ,upp] ,canada1 ,l[] ,canada2 ,great ,p$ee1 ,little ,p$ee2 ,ea/ ,cambridge1 ,we/ ,cambridge2 ,troy1 ,we/ ,troy4 ,all names ( ?is class require two capitals3 except a few :i* are jo9$ toge!r2 z ,nor?ampton1 :i* is sometimes m analogically writt5 ,nor? ,hampton4 #b4 ,we (t5 use ! possessive case ) "s common n\n aft] x2 z1 ,behr+'s ,/raits1 ,baff9's ,bay1 ,cook's ,inlet1 ,van ,diem5's ,l&1 ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d1 ,sacket's ,h>b\r1 ,gl5n's ,falls4 ,names ( ?is class g5]ally h m ?an "o capital2 & p]haps all ( !m %\ld be writt5 s1 except su* z coalesce2 z1 ,graves5d1 ,moore/[n1 ! ,cr[sne/4 #c4 ,we sometimes use two common n\ns ) ( betwe5 !m2 z1 ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ! ,isle ( ,man1 ! ,isles ( ,%oals1 ! ,lake ( ! ,woods1 ! ,m\nta9s ( ! ,moon4 ,su* n\ns are usually writt5 ) m ?an "o capital4 ,i w\ld !re=e write ! ,m\nt ( ,olives 9 ?is mann]1 ?\gh x is n commonly f\nd s 9 ! ,bible4 #d4 ,we (t5 use an adjective & a common n\n2 z1 ! ,yell[ sea1 ! ,indian ocean1 ! ,:ite hills1 ,crook$ lake1 ! ,r$ riv]2 or1 ) two capitals1 ! ,yell[ ,sea1 ! ,indian ,ocean1 ! ,:ite ,hills1 ,crook$ ,lake1 ! ,r$ ,riv]4 ,9 ?is class ( names ! adjective is ! di/9ctive ^w1 & always has a capital2 respect+ ! o!r t]m1 usage is divid$1 b seems r to fav\r two capitals4 #e4 ,we frequ5tly put an appellative1 or common n\n1 be=e or aft] a prop] "n2 z1 ,new ,york city1 ,wa%+ton /reet1 ,plym\? c\nty1 ,gre5wi* village4 ,! ,c>ondelet canal ext5ds f ! city ( ,new ,orleans to ! bay\ ,/4 ,john1 connect+ lake ,pont*>tra9 ) ! ,mississippi riv]4--,balbi's ,geog4 ,?is is apposition4 ,9 phrases ( ?is k9d1 ! common n\n (t5 has a capital1 b x seldom absolutely requires x2 & 9 g5]al a small lett] is m correct1 except 9 "s few in/ances 9 :i* ! common n\n is reg>d$ z a p]man5t "p ( ! "n2 z 9 ,wa%+ton ,city1 ,j]sey ,city4 ,! words ,m\nt1 ,cape1 ,lake1 & ,bay1 are n[ g5]ally writt5 ) capitals :5 connect$ ) _! prop] names2 z1 ,m\nt ,hope1 ,cape ,cod1 ,lake ,erie1 ,casco ,bay4 ,b !y are n always s writt51 ev5 9 mod]n books2 & 9 ! ,bible we read ( m\nt ,horeb1 m\nt ,s9ai1 m\nt ,zion1 m\nt ,olivet1 & _m o!rs1 always ) a s+le capital4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,9 mod]n comp\nd names1 ! hyph5 is n[ less frequ5tly us$ ?an x 0 a few ye>s ago4 ,!y seldom1 if ev]1 ne$ x1 unless !y are employ$ z adjectives2 & !n !re is a manife/ propriety 9 ins]t+ x4 ,?us ! phrase1 ! ,new ,london ,bridge1 c be und]/ood only ( a new bridge 9 ,london2 & if we int5d by x a bridge 9 ,new ,london1 we mu/ say1 ! ,new-,london ,bridge4 ,s ! ,new ,york ,directory is n prop]ly a directory = ,new ,york1 b a new directory = ,york4 ,i h se5 sev]al books ) titles :i*1 = ?is reason1 7 evid5tly errone\s4 ,) respect to ! anci5t ,scripture names1 ( ?is class1 we f9d1 9 diff]5t editions ( ! ,bible1 z well z 9 o!r books1 _m discrepancies4 ,! read] may see a v fair specim5 ( !m1 by comp>+ toge!r ! la/ two vocabul>ies ( ,walk]'s ,key4 ,he w !re meet ) an abundance ( examples l ^!3 ,uz'z5 ,%rah1 ,uzz5-%rah2 ,tali?a ,cmi1 ,tali?acmi2 ,n?an ,mle*1 ,na?an'-mele*2 ,a'bel ,mehla?1 ,abel-mehlah2 ,hzel ,elpni1 ,hazelepni2 ,az'no? ,tbor1 ,asno?-tbor2 ,bal ,ham'on1 ,baal-hmon2 ,hmon ,gog1 ,ham'ongog2 ,bal ,zbub1 ,bal'zebub2 ,%?> ,boz'ni1 ,%e!r-boz'ni2 ,m]da* ,bal'adan1 ,m]oda*-bal'adan4 ,all ^! gl>+ inconsi/5cies1 & _m m1 has ,dr4 ,web/] re/]eotyp$ f ,walk]1 9 8 octavo ,diction>y6 ,i see no m ne$ ( ! hyph5 9 su* names1 ?an 9 ^? ( mod]n times4 ,!y ought1 9 "s in/ances1 to be jo9$ toge!r )\t x2 &1 9 o!rs1 to be writt5 sep>ately1 ) d\ble capitals4 ,b special reg>d %\ld be _h to ! anci5t text4 ,! phrase1 ,tali?a1 cumi1--i4 e41 ,damsel1 arise1--is f\nd 9 "s ,bibles1 ,tali?a-cumi2 b ?is =m ( x is no m correct ?an ei!r ( ^? quot$ above4 ,see ,m>k1 v1 #da/1 9 ,griesba*'s ,greek ,te/am5t1 :]e a comma divides ?is expression4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,on ,rule #aj?1 conc]n+ ,p]sonifications1 x may be well to obs]ve1 t n e n\n :i* is ! "n ( an object p]sonifi$1 mu/ beg9 ) a capital1 b only su* z h a resemblance to prop] n\ns2 = ! ^w p]son itself1 or p]sons1 or any o!r common n\n d5ot+ p]sons or a p]son1 dem&s no su* di/9ction4 ,& prop] names ( p]sons are s m>k$1 n ) any ref]5ce to p]sonality1 b because !y are prop] n\ns--or names ( individuals1 & n names ( sorts4 ,?us1 sop's vip] & file are bo? p]sonifi$1 :]e x is record$1 ',:at ails !e1 fool8' says ! file to ! vip]2 b ! fable gives to ^! names no capitals1 except 9 ! title ( ! /ory4 ,x may "h be add$1 t1 accord+ to _! def9itions ( p]sonification1 our gramm>ians & ! tea*]s ( rhetoric h hi!rto =m$ no v accurate idea ( :at con/itutes ! figure4 ,l9dley ,murray says1 ,,p]sonification 1 or ,,prosopopoeia1 is t figure by :i* we attribute life & action to inanimate objects4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #cdf2 ,duodecimo1 p4 #baa4 ,n[ ?is is all wrong1 d\bly wrong1--wrong 9 relation to :at p]sonification is1 & wrong too 9 its specification ( ! objects :i* may be p]sonifi$4 ,= life & action n be+ peculi> to p]sons1 !re mu/ be some?+ else ?an ^! ascrib$1 to =m ! figure2 &1 surely1 ! objects :i* ,fancy ?9ks x "r to p]sonify1 are n always inanimate4 ,i h else:]e def9$ ! ?+ z foll[s3 ,p]sonification is a figure by :i*1 9 imag9ation1 we ascribe intellig5ce & p]sonality to un9tellig5t be+s or ab/ract qualities4--,in/41 p4 #bcd4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,on ,rule #aa?1 conc]n+ ,d]ivatives1 ,i w\ld obs]ve1 t n only ! prop] adjectives1 to :i* ?is rule m p>ticul>ly ref]s1 b also n\ns1 & ev5 v]bs1 d]iv$ f su* adjectives1 are frequ5tly1 if n g5]ally1 writt5 ) an initial capital4 ,?us1 f ,greece1 we h ,greek1 ,greeks1 ,greeki%1 ,greekl+1 ,grecise1 ,grecism1 ,grecian1 ,grecians1 ,grecianize4 ,s ,murray1 copy+ ,blair1 speaks ( ,lat9is$ ,engli%2 &1 aga91 ( /yle /rictly ,engli%1 )\t ,scotticisms or ,gallicisms4--,mur4 ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bie2 ,blair's ,lect41 pp4 #ic & #id4 ,b x is que/ionable1 h[ f> ?is pr9ciple respect+ capitals ought to be c>ri$4 ,! examples 9 ,dr4 ,johnson's qu>to ,diction>y exhibit ! words1 gallicisms1 anglicisms1 hebrician1 lat9ize1 lat9iz$1 judaiz$1 & *ri/ianiz$1 )\t capitals2 & ! words ,lat9isms1 ,grecisms1 ,hebraisms1 & ,fr5*ifi$1 "u l circum/ances1 ) !m4 ,dr4 ,web/] also def9es ,romanize1 ,to ,lat9ize2 to con=m to ,romi% op9ions4 ,9 ! examples ( ,johnson1 !re is a manife/ inconsi/5cy4 ,n[1 ) respect to adjectives f prop] names1 & also to ! n\ns =m$ imm$iately f su* adjectives1 x is cle> t !y ought to h capitals3 no "o w cont5d t ! words ,am]ican & ,am]icans %\ld be writt5 ) a small a4 ,) respect to ,am]icanism1 ,gallicism1 & o!r simil> words1 !re may be "s room to d\bt4 ,b ,i pref] a capital = ^!4 ,&1 t we may h a uni=m rule to g by1 ,i w\ld n /op "h1 b w\ld write ,am]icanize & ,am]icaniz$ ) a capital also2 = x appe>s t cu/om is 9 fav\r ( ?us di/+ui%+ ne>ly all v]bs & p>ticiples ( ?is k9d1 s long z !y reta9 an obvi\s ref]5ce to _! p>ticul> orig94 ,b :5 any su* ^w ceases to be und]/ood z ref]r+ directly to ! prop] "n1 x may prop]ly be writt5 )\t a capital4 ,?us we write jalap f ,jalapa1 h]metical f ,h]mes1 hym5eal f ,hym51 simony1 f ,simon1 philippic f ,philip2 ! v]bs1 to hector1 to romance1 to japan1 to *ri/51 to philippize1 to galvanize2 & ! adv]bs h]metically & jesuitically1 all )\t a capital3 & p]haps judaize1 *ri/ianize1 & _! d]ivatives1 may jo9 ?is class4 ,dr4 ,web/]'s octavo ,diction>y m5tions ! prussic acid & prussian blue1 )\t a capital2 & s does ,worce/]'s4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,on ,rule #ab?1 conc]n+ ,i & ,o1 x may be obs]v$1 t al?\gh _m :o occasionally write1 are ignorant en\gh to violate ?is1 z well z e o!r rule ( gramm>1 yet no pr9t] ev] commits blund]s ( ?is sort4 ,consequ5tly1 ! few errone\s examples :i* w be exhibit$ = correction "u x1 w n be undesign$ mi/akes4 ,among ! errors ( books1 we d n f9d ! pr9t+ ( ! words ,i & ,o 9 small *>act]s2 b ! conf\nd+ ( ,o ) ! o!r int]jection oh1 is n uncommon ev5 among gramm>ians4 ,! latt] has no conc]n ) ?is rule1 nor is x equival5t to ! =m]1 z a sign3 ,o is a note ( wi%+1 e>ne/ness1 & vocative address2 b oh is1 prop]ly1 a sign ( sorr[1 pa91 or surprise4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 !re=e1 a l9e f ,milton is p]v]t$3-- ,oh ?\6 t ) surpass+ glory cr[n$6 --,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,,obs4 #af4--,on ,rule #ac?1 conc]n+ ,poetry1 x may be obs]v$1 t ! pr9ciple applies only to regul> v]sification1 :i* is ! common =m1 if n ! di/+ui%+ m>k1 ( poetical composition4 ,&1 9 ?is1 ! practice ( beg9n+ e l9e ) a capital is almo/ univ]sal2 b ,i h se5 "s books 9 :i* x 0 :imsically disreg>d$4 ,su* poetry z t ( ,macph]son's ,ossian1 or su* z ! common translation ( ! ,psalms1 is subject$ nei!r to ?is rule1 nor to ! common laws ( v]se4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,on ,rule #ad?1 conc]n+ ,examples1 ,spee*es1 & ,quotations1 x may be obs]v$1 t ! propriety ( beg9n+ ^! ) a capital or o!rwise1 dep5ds 9 "s measure ^u _! =m4 ,"o may sugge/ c]ta9 words by way ( example1 7z see1 saw1 see+1 se517 & !y w require no capital2 or he may sometimes write "o half ( a s5t5ce 9 8 own words1 & quote ! o!r ) ! guillemets & no capital2 b :atsoev] is cit$ z be+ said ) o!r relations ( :at is call$ p]son1 requires some?+ to di/+ui% x f ! text into :i* x is wov54 ,?us ,cobbett obs]ves1 t1 ,! ,fr5*1 9 _! ,bible1 say ,le ,v]be1 :]e we say ,! ,^w4--,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,cobbett says ! :ole ( ?is2 b he "h ref]s "o %ort phrase to ! ,fr5* nation1 & an o!r to ! ,engli%1 n improp]ly beg9n+ ea* ) a capital1 & fur!r di/+ui%+ !m by ,italics4 ,our common ,bibles make no use ( ! quotation po9ts1 b rely solely ^u capitals & ! common po9ts1 to %[ :]e any p>ticul> spee* beg9s or ends4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! insuffici5cy ( ^! means is greatly felt1 not)/&+ ! extraord9>y c>e ( ! orig9al writ]s1 9 ! use ( introductory phrases4 ,murray says1 ,:5 a quotation is br\ght 9 obliquely aft] a comma1 a capital is unnecess>y3 z1 ',solomon obs]ves1 t pride goes be=e de/ruction4'--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bhd4 ,b1 z ! ^w 't' belongs n to ,solomon1 & ! next ^w beg9s 8 ass]tion1 ,i ?9k we ought to write x1 ,solomon obs]ves1 t1 ',pride goe? be=e de/ruction4' ,or1 if we d n mean to quote him lit]ally1 we may omit ! guillemets1 & say1 ,solomon obs]ves t pride goes be=e de/ruction4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,respect+ ,,capitals4 ,fi/,! improprieties 9 ! foll[+ examples are to be correct$ orally by ! le>n]1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 or accord+ to o!rs fram$ f !m ) su* slight *anges z ! sev]al quotations may require4 ,a correct example w occasionally he admitt$ = ! sake ( contra/1 or t ! le>n] may see ! quot$ au?or's inconsi/5cy4 ,x w also s]ve z a block ov] :i* /upidity may /umble & wake up4 ,b a full explanation ( :at is int5d$1 w be af=d$ 9 ! ,key4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,books4 ,_m a read] ( ! bible kn[s n :o wrote ! acts ( ! apo/les4--,g4 ,b4 ,,=mule ,,( ,,correction4--,n prop]1 because ! words1 bible1 acts1 & apo/les1 "h beg9 ) small lett]s4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 ,:5 p>ticul> books are m5tion$ by _! names1 ! *ief words 9 _! titles beg9 ) capitals1 & ! o!r lett]s are small4 ,!re=e1 ,bible %\ld beg9 ) a capital ,b2 & ,acts & ,apo/les1 ea* ) a l>ge ,a4 ,! sons ( ,levi1 ! *ief ( ! fa!rs1 7 writt5 9 ! book ( ! *ronicles4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,neh41 xii1 #bc4 ,are !y n writt5 9 ! book ( ! acts ( ,solomon8--,,scott1 ,,alg]3 ,i ,k+s1 xi1 #da4 ,are !y n writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,*ronicles ( ! k+s ( ,israel8--,,alg]3 #a ,k+s1 xxii1 #ci4 ,are !y n writt5 9 ! book ( ! *ronicles ( ! k+s ( ,judah8--,,scott3 ib41 v]4 #de4 ,:i* 7 writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 & 9 ! prophets1 & 9 ! psalms4--,,scott3 ,luke1 xxiv1 #dd4 ,! n>rative ( :i* may be se5 9 ,josephus's ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% w>s4--,scott's ,preface1 p4 ix4 ,?is hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% w> 0 ,josephus's fir/ "w1 & publi%$ ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #ge4--,note to ,josephus4 ',i h read1' says ,photius1 '! *ronology ( ,ju/us ( ,tib]ias4'--,ib41 ,jos4 ,life4 ,a philosophical gramm>1 writt5 by ,james ,h>ris1 ,esquire4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ,/r\d's sket* ( ! slave laws4--,anti-,slav]y ,mag41 i1 #be4 ,b ,god has s made ! bible t x int]prets itself4--,ib41 i1 #gh4 ,9 #aefb1 ) ! help ( ,hopk9s1 he complet$ ! psalt]4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bhc4 ,g>d9] says ?is ( ,/]nhold2 ( :om ! univ]sal biographical diction>y & ! ,am]ican encyclop$ia affirm1 t he di$ 9 #aedi4--;,au?or4 ,! title ( a ,book1 to wit3 ',engli% ,gramm> 9 famili> lectures1' c4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,we _h n1 at t "t1 se5 ,mr4 ,kirkham's ',gramm> 9 famili> ,lectures4'--,ib41 p4 #c4 ,:5 y p>se1 y may spread ! ,comp5dium be=e y4--,ib41 p4 #ec4 ,:5ev] y p>se1 y may spread ! comp5dium be=e y4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,adelung 0 ! au?or ( a grammatical & critical diction>y ( ! ,g]man language1 & o!r works4--,univ4 ,biog4 ,dict4 ,alley1 ,william1 au?or ( '! poor man's libr>y1' & a translation ( ! ,p5tateu*1 di$ 9 #aegj4--;,ib4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,fir/ ,,words4 ,dep>t in/antly3 improve y\r "t3 =give u our s9s4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! words improve & =give beg9 ) small lett]s4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #bnd1 ,! fir/ ^w ( e di/9ct s5t5ce %\ld beg9 ) a capital4 ,!re=e1 ,improve %\ld beg9 ) a capital ,i2 & ,=give1 ) a capital ,f4 ,,examples3 ,gold is corrupt+2 ! sea is gre52 a lion is bold4--,mur4 ,gram41 p4 #agj2 et al4 ,aga93 ,x may ra92 he may g or /ay2 he w\ld walk2 !y %\ld le>n4--,ib41 p4 #fd2 et al4 ,aga93 ,oh6 ,i h ali5at$ my fri5d2 alas6 ,i fe> = life4--,ib41 p4 #abh2 et al4 ,aga93 ,he w5t f ,london to ,york2 %e is above disguise2 !y are support$ by indu/ry4--,ib41 p4 #bh2 et al4 ,on ! =ego+ examples1 ,i h a ^w to say4 !y are bett] ?an a fair specim5 ( _! k9d1 our gramm>s ab\nd ) worse illu/rations1 _! models ( ,engli% are g5]ally spuri\s quotations4 few ( _! pro(-texts h any j p>5tage1 goose-eyes are abundant1 b names sc>ce4 :o fa!rs ! f\ndl+s8 nobody4 !n let _! m]it be nobody's1 & _! defects 8 :o c\ld write no bett]4--,au?or4 goose-eyes6 says a bright boy2 pray1 :at are !y8 does ?is ,mr4 ,au?or make new words :5 he pleases8 dead-eyes are 9 a %ip1 !y are blocks1 ) holes 9 !m1 b :at are goose-eyes 9 gramm>8 ,,answ]3 goose-eyes are quotation po9ts1 "s ( ! ,g]mans gave !m ?is "n1 mak+ a je/ ( _! =m1 ! ,fr5* call !m guillemets1 f ! "n ( _! inv5tor4--,au?or4 x is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,comly's ,gram41 #ab? ,ed41 p4 #abf4 ourselves is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son plural4--,ib41 #ach4 !e is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! second p]son s+ul>4--,ib41 #abf4 cont5tm5t is a n\n common1 ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,ib41 #abh4 7 is a neut] v]b1 ( ! indicative mood1 imp]fect t5se4--,ib41 #abi4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,deity4 ,o ?\ disp5s] ( life6 ?y m]cies are b\ndless4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #ddi4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w disp5s] beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 ,all names ( ! ,deity1 & sometimes _! emphatic sub/itutes1 %\ld beg9 ) capitals4 ,!re=e1 ,disp5s] %\ld "h beg9 ) a capital ,d4 ,%all n ! judge ( all ! e>? d "r8--,,scott3 ,g541 xviii1 #be4 ,& ! _s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ccj4 ,x is ! gift ( him1 :o is ! great au?or ( good1 & ! ,fa!r ( m]cies4--,ib41 #bhg4 ,?is is ?y god t br\ght !e up out ( ,egypt4--,,scott1 ,,alg]3 ,neh41 ix1 #ah4 ,= ! "l is our def5ce2 & ! holy "o ( ,israel is our k+4--,see ,psalm lxxxix1 #ah4 ,by mak+ him ! responsible /ew>d ( heav5's b\nties4--,anti- ,slav]y ,mag41 i1 #bi4 ,:i* ! ,"l1 ! righte\s judge1 %all give me at t day4--,,scott1 ,,fri5ds3 #b ,tim41 iv1 #h4 ,! cries ( !m 99 99 99 ent]$ into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( sabao?4--,,scott3 ,james1 v1 #d4 ,9 ,horeb1 ! deity reveal$ himself to ,moses1 z ! et]nal ,i am1 ! self-exi/5t "o2 &1 aft] ! fir/ disc\rag+ int]view ( 8 mess5g]s ) ,ph>aoh1 he r5ew$ 8 promise to !m1 by ! awful "n1 jehovah--a "n till !n unkn[n1 & "o :i* ! ,jews always held x a fe>ful pr(anation to pron\nce4--,au?or4 ,& god spake unto ,moses1 & said unto him1 ,i am ! "l3 & ,i appe>$ unto ,abraham1 unto ,isaac1 & unto ,jacob1 by ! "n ( god almighty2 b by my "n jehovah 0 ,i n kn[n to !m4--,see#ajf ,exod41 vi1 #b4 ,?us sai? ! "l ! k+ ( ,israel1 & 8 r$eem] ! "l ( ho/s2 ,i am ! fir/1 & ,i am ! la/2 & besides me !re is no god4--,see ,isa41 xliv1 #f4 ,8 impi\s race _! blasphemy r5ew'd1 ,& nature's k+ ?r\gh nature's optics view'd4--,dryd51 p4 #ij4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4--,,( ,,prop] ,,names4 ,islamism prescribes fa/+ dur+ ! mon? ramazan4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #ag4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w ramazan "h beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 ,prop] names1 ( e description1 %\ld always beg9 ) capitals4 ,!re=e1 ,ramazan %\ld beg9 ) a capital ,r4 ,! ^w is also misspell$3 x %\ld r be ,ramadan4 ,ne> mecca1 9 arabia1 is jebel nor1 or ! m\nta9 ( light1 on ! top ( :i* ! mussulmans erect$ a mosque1 t !y might p]=m _! devotions :]e1 accord+ to _! belief1 mohamm$ receiv$ f ! angel gabriel ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,koran4--,au?or4 ,9 ! kaaba at mecca1 !re is a celebrat$ block ( volcanic basalt1 :i* ! mohamm$ans v5]ate z ! gift ( gabriel to abraham1 b _! ance/ors once held x to be an image ( remphan1 or saturn2 s '! image :i* fell d[n f jupit]1' to %>e ) diana ! homage ( ! ephesians1 0 probably no?+ m ?an a meteoric /one4--,id4 ,:5 ! lycaonians1 at ly/ra1 took paul & b>nabas to be gods1 !y call$ ! =m] m]cury1 on acc\nt ( 8 eloqu5ce1 & ! latt] jupit]1 = ! great] dignity ( 8 appe>ance4--,id4 ,( ! writ+s ( ! apo/olic fa!rs ( ! fir/ c5tury1 b few h come d[n to u2 yet we h 9 ^? ( b>nabas1 clem5t ( rome1 h]mas1 ignatius1 & polyc>p1 v c]ta9 evid5ce ( ! au!nticity ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t is a v\*] = ! old4--,id4 ,x is said by tatian1 t !ag5es ( rhegium1 9 ! "t ( cambyses1 /esimbrotus ! ?racian1 antima*us ! colophonian1 h]odotus ( halic>nassus1 dionysius ! olyn?ian1 ephorus ( cum1 philo*orus ! a!nian1 metaclides & *amleon ! p]ipatetics1 & z5odotus1 ari/ophanes1 callima*us1 erates1 erato/h5es1 ari/>*us1 & apollodorus1 ! gramm>ians1 all wrote conc]n+ ! poetry1 ! bir?1 & ! age ( hom]4 ,see ,col]idge's ,introd41 p4 #eg4 ,yet1 = aught t n[ appe>s1 ! life ( hom] is z fabul\s z t ( h]cules2 & "s h ev5 suspect$1 t1 z ! son ( jupit] & alcm5a1 has fa!r$ ! de$s ( =ty o!r h]culeses1 s ?is unfa!r$ son ( cri!is1 !mi/o1 or :atev] dame--?is melesig5es1 monides1 hom]--! bl9d s*oolma/]1 & poet1 ( smyrna1 *ios1 colophon1 salamis1 rhodes1 argos1 a!ns1 or :atev] place--has1 by ! help ( lycurgus1 solon1 pisi/ratus1 & o!r le>n$ anci5ts1 be5 made up ( _m poets or hom]s1 & set s f> al(t & alo( on old p>nassus1 z to become a god 9 ! eyes ( all greece1 a wond] 9 ^? ( all ,*ri/5dom4--,au?or4 ,:y s sagaci\s 9 y\r guesses8 ,y\r effs1 & tees1 & arrs1 & esses8--,swift4 ,,"u ,,rule ,v4--,,( ,,titles4 ,! k+ has conf]r$ on him ! title ( duke4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aic4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w duke beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 ,titles ( (fice or hon\r1 & epi!ts ( di/9ction1 appli$ to p]sons1 beg9 usually ) capitals4 ,!re=e1 ,duke %\ld "h beg9 ) a capital ,d4 ,at ! c\rt ( que5 ,elizabe?4--,murray's ,gram42 #hvo1 p4 #aeg2 #abmo1 p4 #abf2 ,fisk's1 #aae2 et al4 ,! laws ( nature are1 truly1 :at "l ,bacon /yles 8 aphorisms1 laws ( laws4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bfj4 ,sixtus ! f\r? 01 if ,i mi/ake n1 a great collector ( books4--,ib41 p4 #beg4 ,:o at t "t made up ! c\rt ( k+ ,*>les ! second4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cad4 ,9 case ( 8 maje/y's dy+ )\t issue4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aha4 ,k+ ,*>les ! fir/ 0 behead$ 9 #afdi4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,he c no m imp>t or 7to use "l ,bacon's ^w17 transmit convictions4--,kirkham's ,eloc41 p4 #bbj4 ,i reside at "l ,/ormont's1 my old patron & b5efactor4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,we /aid a mon? at "l ,lyttleton's1 ! ornam5t ( 8 c\ntry4--,ib41 p4 #agg4 ,^: pr]ogative is x8 ,x is ! k+ ( ,great ,brita9's2 ,t is ! duke ( ,bridgewat]'s canal2 ,! bi%op ( ,ll&aff's excell5t book2 ,! ,"l mayor ( ,london's au?ority4--,ib41 p4 #agf4 ,:y call ye me "l1 "l1 & d n ! ?+s :i* ,i say8--,see ,,griesba*3 ,luke1 vi1 #df4 ,& ( !m he *ose twelve1 :om also he nam$ apo/les4--,,scott3 ,luke1 vi1 #ac4 ,& =?) he came to ,jesus1 & said1 ,hail1 ma/]2 & kiss$ him4--,see ! ,greek3 ,matt41 xxvi1 #di4 ,& he said1 ,nay1 fa!r ,abraham3 b if "o w5t unto !m f ! dead1 !y w rep5t4--,luke1 xvi1 #cj4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4--,,( ,,"o ,,capital4 ,fall ,riv]1 a village 9 ,massa*usetts1 population #cdca4--,see ,univ4 ,gaz41 p4 #daf4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! "n ,fall ,riv] is "h writt5 9 two p>ts1 & ) two capitals4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #f?1 ,^? comp\nd prop] names :i* by analogy incl9e to a union ( _! p>ts )\t a hyph51 %\ld be s writt51 & h b "o capital4 ,!re=e1 ,fallriv]1 z ! "n ( a t[n1 %\ld be "o ^w1 & reta9 b "o capital4 ,dr4 ,&]son di$ at ,we/ ,ham1 9 ,essex1 9 #ahjh4--;,biog4 ,dict4 ,mad ,riv]1 ! "n ( two t[ns 9 ,cl>k & ,*ampaign c\nties1 ,ohio4--,williams's ,univ]sal ,gazette]4 ,:ite ,creek1 t[n ( ,wa%+ton c\nty1 ,n4 ,york4--,ib4 ,salt ,creek1 ! "n ( f\r t[ns 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,ohio4--,ib4 ,salt ,lick1 a t[n ( ,fayette c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4--,ib4 ,yell[ ,creek1 a t[n ( ,columbiana c\nty1 ,ohio4--,ib4 ,:ite ,clay1 a hundr$ ( ,new ,ca/le c\nty1 ,delaw>e4--,ib4 ,newca/le1 t[n & half%ire ( ,newca/le c\nty1 ,delaw>e4--,ib4 ,s+-,s+1 a village ( ,we/ ,*e/] c\nty1 ,new ,york1 situat$ 9 ! t[n ( ,m\nt ,pleasant4--,ib4 ,we/ ,*e/]1 a c\nty ( ,new ,york2 also a t[n 9 ,we/*e/] c\nty4--,ib4 ,we/ ,t[n1 a village ( ,orange c\nty1 ,new ,york4--,ib4 ,:ite ,wat]1 a t[n ( ,hamilton c\nty1 ,ohio4--,ib4 ,:ite ,wat] ,riv]1 a consid]able /ream t rises 9 ,indiana1 & fl[+ s\!a/]ly1 unites ) ! ,miami1 9 ,ohio4--,ib4 ,black ,wat]1 a village ( ,hamp%ire1 9 ,engl&1 & a t[n 9 ,irel&4--,ib4 ,black ,wat]1 ! "n ( sev5 diff]5t riv]s 9 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,ib4 ,r$ ,hook1 a t[n ( ,dut*ess c\nty1 ,new ,york1 on ! ,hudson4--,ib4 ,k9d]hook1 a t[n ( ,columbia c\nty1 ,new ,york1 on ! ,hudson4--,ib4 ,new ,fane1 a t[n ( ,niag>a c\nty1 ,new ,york4--,ib4 ,lake ,port1 a t[n ( ,*icot c\nty1 ,arkansas4--,ib4 ,moose ,head ,lake1 ! *ief s\rce ( ! ,k5nebeck1 9 ,ma9e4--,ib4 ,macdon\gh1 a c\nty ( ,ill9ois1 population 79 #ahcj7 #b1iei4--;,ib41 p4 #djh4 ,mc ,don\gh1 a c\nty ( ,ill9ois1 ) a c\r?\se1 at ,macomb4--,ib41 p4 #ahe4 ,half-,moon1 ! "n ( two t[ns1 9 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania2 also ( two bays 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4--,see ,worce/]'s ,gaz4 ,le ,boeuf1 a t[n ( ,erie c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 ne> a small lake ( ! same "n4--,ib4 ,*>les ,city1 ,james ,city1 ,elizabe? ,city1 names ( c\nties 9 ,virg9ia1 n cities1 nor t[ns4--,see ,univ4 ,gaz4 ,! sup]ior qualities ( ! wat]s ( ! ,frome1 "h call$ ,/r\d wat]4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bbc4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii4--,,two ,,capitals4 ,! ,=? rises on ! nor? side ( ,b5lomond1 & runs ea/]ly4--,glas4 ,geog4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! "n ,b5lomond is comp\nd$ "u "o capital1 contr>y to ! g5]al analogy ( o!r simil> t]ms4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 ,! comp\nd+ ( a "n "u "o capital %\ld be avoid$ :5 ! g5]al analogy ( o!r simil> t]ms sugge/s a sep>ation "u two4 ,!re=e1 ,b5 ,lomond %\ld be writt5 ) two capitals & no hyph54 ,! r$ granite ( ,b5-nevis is said to be ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4--,ib41 ii1 #caa4 ,b5-m1 9 ,p]?%ire1 is #c1iae feet above ! level ( ! sea4--,ib41 #cac4 ,! height ( ,b5cl\gh is #b1dbj feet4--,ib44 ,9 ,su!rl& & ,cai?ness1 are ,b5 ,ormod1 ,b5 ,clibeg1 ,b5 ,gr91 ,b5 ,hope1 & ,b5 ,lugal4--,ib41 #caa4 ,b5vracky is #b1gef feet high2 ,b5-l$i1 #c1jji2 & ,b5voirli*1 #c1cjj4--;,ib41 #cac4 ,! riv] ,do*>t gives ! "n ( ,gl5do*>t to ! vale ?r\gh :i* x runs4--,ib41 #cad4 ,ab\t t5 miles f its s\rce1 ! ,tay diffuses itself into ,lo*do*>t4--,geog4 alt]$4 ,,lakes3--,lo*>d1 ,lo*-,a*ray1 ,lo*-,con1 ,lo*-,do9e1 ,lo*-,katr9e1 ,lo*-,lomond1 ,lo*-,voil4--,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,,gl5s3--,gl5f9las1 ,gl5 ,fru91 ,gl5 ,luss1 ,ross-dhu1 ,lev5-gl51 ,/ra?-,endrick1 ,/ra?-,g>tney1 ,/ra?-,ire4--,ib4 ,,m\nta9s3--,b5-an1 ,b5h>r[1 ,b5l$i1 ,b5-,lomond1 ,b5voirli*1 ,b5-v5ue1 & sometimes ,b5v5ue4--,ib4 ,f5elon di$ 9 #agae1 deeply lam5t$ by all ! inhabitants ( ! ,l[-c\ntries4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cbb4 ,& ,ph>aoh-ne*oh made ,eliakim1 ! son ( ,josiah1 k+4--,,scott1 ,,fri5ds3 #b ,k+s1 xxiii1 #cd4 ,^? :o seem s m]ry & well pleas$1 call h] ,good ,=tune2 b ! o!rs1 :o weep & wr+ _! h&s1 ,bad-=tune4--,colli]'s ,tablet ( ,cebes4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii4--,,( ,,comp\nds4 ,:5 ,joab return$1 & smote ,edom 9 ! valley ( salt4--,,scott3 ,ps4 lx1 title4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! words valley & salt beg9 ) small lett]s4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 ,:5 any adjective or common n\n is made a di/9ct "p ( a comp\nd prop] "n1 x ought to beg9 ) a capital4 ,!re=e1 ,valley %\ld "h beg9 ) a capital ,v1 & ,salt ) a capital ,s4 ,!n ,paul /ood 9 ! mid/ ( ,m>s' hill & said1 c4--,,scott3 ,acts1 xvii1 #bb4 ,& at night he w5t out1 & abode 9 ! m\nt t is call$ ! m\nt ( ,olives4--,luke1 xxi1 #cg4 ,abgillus1 son ( ! k+ ( ! ,frisii1 surnam$ ,pre/] ,john1 0 9 ! ,holy l& ) ,*>lemagne4--,univ4 ,biog4 ,dict4 ,cape ,palmas1 9 ,africa1 divides ! ,gra9 coa/ f ! ,ivory coa/4--,dict4 ( ,geog41 p4 #abe4 ,! ,nor? ,esk1 fl[+ f ,lo*-lee1 falls into ! sea ?ree miles nor? ( ,montrose4--,ib41 p4 #bcb4 ,at ,que5's f]ry1 ! *annel ( ! ,=? is contract$ by promontories on bo? coa/s4--,ib41 p4 #bcc4 ,! ,*e/nut ridge is ab\t tw5ty-five miles we/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 & ,laurel ridge1 t5 miles fur!r we/4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #fe4 ,wa%+ton ,city1 ! metropolis ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4--,w4's ,univ4 ,gaz41 p4 #chj4 ,wa%+ton city1 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 population 79 #ahcj7 #ah1hbf4--;,ib41 p4 #djh4 ,! l(tie/ peak ( ! :ite m\nta9s1 9 new ,hamp%ire1 is call$ m\nt ,wa%+ton4--,au?or4 ,m\nt's bay1 9 ! we/ ( ,engl&1 lies betwe5 ! l&'s end & liz>d po9t4--,id4 ,salamis1 an isl& ( ! ,egean ,sea1 (f ! s\!rn coa/ ( ! anci5t ,attica4--,dict4 ( ,geog4 ,rhodes1 an isl& ( ! ,egean sea1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ ea/]ly ( ! ,cyclades4--,ib4 ,b he ov]?rew ,ph>aoh & 8 ho/ 9 ! ,r$ sea4--,,bruce',s ,,bible3 ,ps4 cxxxvi1 #ae4 ,b !y provok$ him at ! sea1 ev5 at ! ,r$ sea4--,,scott3 ,ps4 cvi1 #g4ajg ,,"u ,,rule ,,ix4--,,( ,,apposition4 ,at t "t1 ,h]od ! ,tetr>* he>d ( ! fame ( ,jesus4--,,alg]3 ,matt41 xiv1 #a4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w ,tetr>* beg9s ) a capital lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 ,:5 a common & a prop] "n are associat$ m]ely to expla9 ea* o!r1 x is 9 g5]al suffici5t1 if ! prop] "n beg9 ) a capital1 & ! appellative1 ) a small lett]4 ,!re=e1 tetr>* %\ld "h beg9 ) a small t4 ,:o has be5 m dete/$ ?an ,judas ! ,traitor8--,au?or4 ,/4 ,luke1 ! ,evangeli/1 0 a physician ( ,antio*1 & "o ( ! conv]ts ( ,/4 ,paul4--,id4 ,lu!r1 ! ,re=m]1 began 8 bold c>e] by prea*+ aga9/ papal indulg5ces4--,id4 ,! ,poet ,lydgate 0 a disciple & admir] ( ,*auc]3 he di$ 9 #addj4--;,id4 ,! ,gramm>ian ,v>ro1 '! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,romans1' wrote ?ree books :5 he 0 eighty ye>s old4--,id4 ,john ,despaut]1 ! great ,gramm>ian ( ,fl&]s1 ^: works are /ill valu$1 di$ 9 #aebj4--;,id4 ,n]o1 ! ,emp]or & ,tyrant ( ,rome1 slew himself to avoid a worse dea?4--,id4 ,cic]o ! ,orator1 '! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry1' 0 assass9at$ at ! age ( #fd4--;,id4 ,euripides1 ! ,greek ,trag$ian1 0 born 9 ! ,isl& ( ,salamis1 ,b4 ,c4 #dgf4--;,id4 ,i w say unto ,god my ,rock1 ,:y ha/ ?\ =gott5 me8--,,scott3 ,ps4 xlii1 #i4 ,/at5 ,isl&1 an isl& ( ,new ,york1 n9e miles bel[ ,new ,york ,city4--,univ4 ,gaz4 ,:5 ! son ( ,atreus1 ,k+ ( ,m51 & ! noble ,a*illes fir/ sep>at$4--,col]idge's ,introd41 p4 #hc4 ,h]mes1 8 ,patron-,god1 ^? gifts be/['d1 ,^: %r9e ) wean+ lambs he wont to load4 --,,pope3 ,odys41 ,b4 #ai4 ,,"u ,,rule ,x4--,,( ,,p]sonifications4 ,b wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr54--,,scott1 ,,alg]3 ,luke1 vii1 #ce4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w wisdom beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 ,! "n ( an object p]sonifi$1 :5 x conveys an idea /rictly individual1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital4 ,!re=e1 ,wisdom %\ld "h beg9 ) a capital ,w4 ,=tune & ! *ur* are g5]ally put 9 ! fem99e g5d]4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #cg4 ,g to y\r natural religion2 lay be=e h] ,mahomet1 & 8 disciples4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 p4 #aeg3 see also ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cdg4 ,o dea?6 :]e is ?y /+8 ,o grave6 :]e is ?y victory8--#a ,cor41 xv1 #ee2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cdh2 ,engli% ,read]1 #ca2 ,m]*ant's ,gram41 #bab4 ,ye _c s]ve ,god & ,mammon4--,,scott1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,matt41 vi1 #bd4 ,ye _c s]ve ,god & mammon4--,,iidem3 ,luke1 xvi1 #ac4 ,?is h\se 0 built z if suspicion h]self _h dictat$ ! plan4--,see ,key4 ,poetry di/+ui%es h]self f prose1 by yield+ to a musical law4--,see ,key4 ,my beaute\s deliv]] ?us utt]$ h] div9e in/ructions3 ',my "n is religion4 ,i am ! (fspr+ ( tru? & love1 & ! p>5t ( b5evol5ce1 hope1 & joy4 ,t mon/]1 f ^: p[] ,i h fre$ y1 is call$ sup]/ition3 %e is ! *ild ( discont5t1 & h] foll[]s are fe> & sorr[4'--,see ,key4 ,nei!r hope nor fe> c\ld ent] ! retreats2 & habit _h s absolute a p[]1 t ev5 consci5ce1 if religion _h employ$ h] 9 _! fav\r1 w\ld n h be5 able to =ce an entrance4--,see ,key4 ,9 colleges & halls 9 anci5t days1 ,!re dwelt a sage call$ discipl9e4--,wayl&'s ,m4 ,sci41 p4 #cfh4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi4--,,( ,,d]ivatives4 ,9 ,engli%1 ,i w\ld h gallicisms avoid$4--,,felton3 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w gallicisms "h beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aa?1 ,words d]iv$ f prop] names1 & hav+ direct ref]5ce to p>ticul> p]sons1 places1 sects1 or nations1 %\ld beg9 ) capitals4 ,!re=e1 ,gallicisms %\ld beg9 ) a capital ,g4 ,sallu/ 0 born 9 ,italy1 #he ye>s be=e ! *ri/ian era4--,murray's ,seq41 p4 #ceg4 ,dr4 ,doddridge 0 n only a great man1 b "o ( ! mo/ excell5t & useful *ri/ians1 & *ri/ian m9i/]s4--,ib41 #cai4 ,!y corrupt _! /yle ) untutor$ anglicisms4--,,milton3 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,alb]t ( ,/ade1 au?or ( a *ronicle f ! creation to #abhf1 a b5$ict9e ( ! #ac? c5tury4--,univ]sal ,biog4 ,dict4 ,graffio1 a jesuit ( ,capua 9 ! #af? c5tury1 au?or ( two volumes on moral subjects4--,ib4 ,!y fr5*ify & italianize words :5ev] !y c4--,see ,key4 ,he :o sells a *ri/ian1 sells ! grace ( ,god4--,anti-,slav]y ,mag41 p4 #gg4 ,! fir/ p]secution aga9/ ! *ri/ians1 "u ,n]o1 began ,a4 ,d4 #fd4--;,gregory's ,dict4 ,p4 ,rap91 ! jesuit1 uni=mly decides 9 fav\r ( ! ,roman writ]s4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #aga4 ,! ,roman poet & epicurean philosoph] ,lucretius has said1 c4--,coh5's ,florida1 p4 #ajg4 ,spell calv9i/ic1 atticism1 go?icism1 epicurism1 jesuitism1 sabianism1 soc9ianism1 anglican1 anglicism1 anglicize1 v&alism1 gallicism1 romanize4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 #acj-acc4 ,! l>ge t]nate bat4--,web/]'s ,dict4 w4 ,,rosset2 ,bolles's ,dict41 w4 ,,roset4 ,*ur*-ladd]s are n always m\nt$ be/ ,by le>n$ cl]ks1 & lat9i/s pr(ess'd4--,c[p]4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii4--,,( ,i ,,& ,o4 ,fall back1 fall back2 i h n room3--o6 me?9ks i see a c\ple :om i %\ld "k4--,lucian1 v>i$4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w ,i1 :i* occurs ?ree times1 & ! ^w ,o1 :i* occurs once1 are "h pr9t$ 9 lett]s ( ! l[] case4#ajh ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ab?1 ,! words ,i & ,o %\ld always be capitals4 ,!re=e1 ea* %\ld be *ang$ to a capital1 z (t5 z x occurs4 ,nay1 i live z i did1 i ?9k z i did1 i love y z i did2 b all ^! are to no purpose3 ! _w w n live1 ?9k1 or love1 z i d4--,swift1 v>i$4 ,:i!r1 o6 :i!r %all i fly8 o wret*$ pr9ce6 o cruel rev]se ( =tune6 o fa!r ,micipsa6 is ?is ! consequ5ce ( ?y g5]osity8--,sallu/1 v>i$4 ,:5 i 0 a *ild1 i spake z a *ild1 i und]/ood z a *ild1 i ?\ght z a *ild2 b :5 i became a man1 i put away *ildi% ?+s4--#a ,cor41 xiii1 #aa1 v>i$4 ,& i he>d1 b i und]/ood n3 !n said i1 o my ,"l1 :at %all be ! end ( ^! ?+s8--,dan41 xii1 #h1 v>i$4 ,"h am i2 i ?9k i am v good1 & i am q sure i am v happy1 yet i nev] wrote a treatise 9 my life4--,few ,days 9 ,a!ns1 v>i$4 ,s+ul>1 ,vocative1 o ma/]2 ,plural1 ,vocative1 o ma/]s4--,bicknell's ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,i1 i am he2 o fa!r6 rise1 behold ,?y son1 ) tw5ty w9t]s n[ gr[n old6--,see ,pope's ,odyssey4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,( ,,poetry4 ,reason's :ole pleasure1 all ! joys ( s5se1 lie 9 ?ree words--heal?1 peace1 & compet5ce2 b heal? consi/s ) temp]ance alone1 & peace1 ,o ,virtue6 peace is all ?y own4 ,pope's ,essay on ,man1 a f9e ,london ,edition4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! la/ ?ree l9es ( ?is example beg9 ) small lett]s4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ah?1 ,e l9e 9 poetry1 except :at is reg>d$ z mak+ b "o v]se ) ! prec$+ l9e1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital4 ,!re=e1 ! words1 ,lie1 ,b1 & ,&1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ^! l9es1 %\ld sev]ally beg9 ) ! capitals ,l1 ,b1 & ,a4 ,obs]ve ! language well 9 all y write1 & sw]ve n f x 9 y\r l(tie/ flight4 ,! smoo!/ v]se & ! exacte/ s5se displease u1 if ill ,engli% give (f5ce3 a b>b>\s phrase no read] c approve2 nor bomba/1 noise1 or affectation love4 ,9 %ort1 )\t pure language1 :at y write c nev] yield u pr(it or delight4 ,take "t = ?9k+1 nev] "w 9 ha/e2 & value n y\rself = writ+ fa/4 ,see ,dryd5's ,art ( ,poetry3--,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #gd4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,( ,,examples4 ,! ^w r is v prop]ly us$ to express a small degree or excess ( a quality3 z1 '%e is r pr(use 9 h] exp5ses4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w %e beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ad?1 ,! fir/ ^w ( a full example1 ( a di/9ct spee*1 or ( a direct quotation1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital4 ,!re=e1 ! ^w ,%e %\ld "h beg9 ) a capital ,s4 ,nei!r imports n ei!r2 t is1 n "o nor ! o!r3 z1 'nei!r ( my fri5ds 0 !re4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,:5 we say1 'he is a tall man1' '?is is a fair day1' we make "s ref]5ce to ! ord9>y size ( m51 & to diff]5t wea!r4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,we m readily say1 ',a million ( m51' ?an 'a ?\s& ( m54'--,ib41 p4 #afi4 ,s 9 ! in/ances1 'two & two are f\r2' '! fif? & six? volumes w complete ! set ( books4'--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,! adjective may frequ5tly ei!r prec$e or foll[ x ! v]b3 z1 '! man is happy2' or1 'happy is ! man3' ',! int]view 0 delightful2' or1 'delightful 0 ! int]view4'--,ib41 p4 #afh4 ,if we say1 'he writes a p51' '!y ran ! riv]1 '! t[] fell ! ,greeks1' ',lambe? is ,we/m9/]-abbey1' we speak absurdly2 &1 x is evid5t1 !re is a vacancy :i* mu/ be fill$ up by "s connect+ ^w3 z ?us1 ',he writes ) a p52' '!y ran t[>ds ! riv]2' '! t[] fell ^u ! ,greeks2' ',lambe? is ov] aga9/ ,we/m9/]-abbey4'--,ib41 p4 #aah4 ,let me repeat x2--he only is great1 :o has ! habits ( greatness4--,murray's ,key1 #bda4 ,i say n unto !e1 until sev5 times2 b1 until sev5ty times sev54--,see ,matt41 xviii1 #bb4 ,! ,pan!r smil'd at ?is2 & :51 said %e1 ,7 ^? fir/ c\ncils disall['d by me8--,dryd51 p4 #ie4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv4--,,( ,,*ief ,,words4 ,! supreme c\ncil ( ! nation is call$ ! divan4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cfj4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w divan beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ae?1 ,o!r words ( p>ticul> importance1 & su* z d5ote ! pr9cipal subjects treat$ (1 may be di/+ui%$ by capitals4 ,!re=e1 ,divan %\ld "h beg9 ) a capital ,d4 ,! ,briti% p>liam5t is compos$ ( k+s1 lords1 & commons4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #ahd4 ,a popul> orator 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons has a sort ( pat5t = co9+ z _m new t]ms z he pleases4--,see ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afi2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cfd4 ,!y may all be tak5 toge!r1 z "o "n2 z1 ! h\se ( commons4-- ,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,intru/$ to p]sons 9 :om ! p>liam5t c\ld confide4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bjb4 ,= ',! ,lords' h\se1' x 7 c]ta9ly bett] to say1 ',! h\se ( lords2' &1 9 /ead ( ',! commons' vote1' to say1 ',! votes ( ! commons4'--,see ib41 p4 #agg1 #d? ,am]4 ,ed42 also ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,! h\se ( lords 7 s mu* influ5c$ by ^! reasons4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aeb2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 #ahh4 ,rhetoricians commonly divide !m into two great classes2 figures ( words1 & figures ( ?\ght4 ,! =m]1 figures ( words1 are commonly call$ tropes4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acb4 ,p]haps figures ( imag9ation1 & figures ( passion1 might be a m useful di/ribution4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,hi!rto we h consid]$ s5t5ces1 "u ! heads ( p]spicuity1 unity1 & /r5g?4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,! ^w is !n depos'd1 & 9 ?is view1 ,y rule ! scripture1 n ! scripture y4--,dryd51 p4 #ie4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,( ,,ne$less ,,capitals4 ,be ( good *e]3 ,x is ,i2 be n afraid4--,,alg]3 ,matt41 xiv1 #bg4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w ,x beg9s ) a capital ,i1 = :i* !re appe>s to be nei!r rule nor reason4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #af?1 ,capitals are improp] :]ev] !re is n "s special rule or reason = _! use4 ,!re=e1 'x' %\ld "h beg9 ) a small lett]1 z ,dr4 ,scott has x4 ,betwe5 passion & ly+1 !re is n a ,f+]'s bread?4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bdj4 ,c our ,solicitude alt] ! c\rse1 or unravel ! intricacy1 ( human ev5ts8--,ib41 p4 #bdb4 ,! la/ edition 0 c>efully comp>$ ) ! ,orig9al ,m4 ,s4--,ib41 p4 #bci4 ,& ! gov]nor ask$ him1 say+1 ,art ?\ ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews8--,,alg]3 ,matt41 xxvii1 #aa4 ,let !m be turn$ back = a rew>d ( _! %ame1 t say1 ,aha1 ,aha6--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,ps41 lxx1 #c4 ,let !m be desolate = a rew>d ( _! %ame1 t say unto me1 ,aha1 aha6--,,ib43 ,ps41 xl1 #ae4 ,:at ?9k ye ( ,*ri/8 ^: ,son is he8 ,!y say unto him1 ,! ,son ( ,david4 ,he sai? unto !m1 ,h[ !n do? ,david 9 ,_s call him ,"l8--,,scott3 ,matt41 xxii1 #db1 #dc4 ,among all ,?+s 9 ! ,univ]se1 direct y\r ,wor%ip to ! ,greate/2 ,& :i* is t8 ',t is t ,be+ :i* ,manages & ,gov]ns all ! ,re/4--,m$itations ( ,m4 ,aurelius ,anton9us1 p4 #gf4 ,z = ,mode/y & ,good ,fai?1 ,tru? & ,ju/ice1 !y h left ?is wick$ ,_w & retir$ to ,heav53 ,& n[ :at is x t c keep y "h8--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,if ,pulse ( ,t]se1 a ,nation's ,temp] %[s1 ,9 ke5 ,iambics ,engli% ,metre fl[s4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,,promiscu\s ,,errors ,,respect+ ,,capitals4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,mix$4 ,come1 g5tle spr+1 ,e!real mildness1 come4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #daa4 ,,=mules4--#a4 ,n prop]1 because ! ^w spr+ beg9s ) a small lett]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 ,! "n ( an object p]sonifi$1 :5 x conveys an idea /rictly individual1 %\ld beg9 ) a capital4 ,!re=e ,spr+ %\ld "h beg9 ) a capital ,s4 #b4 ,n prop] aga91 because ! ^w ,e!real beg9s ) a capital ,e1 = :i* !re appe>s to be nei!r rule nor reason4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #af?4 ,capitals are improp] :5ev] !re is n "s special rule or reason = _! use4 ,!re=e1 e!real %\ld "h beg9 ) a small lett]4 ,z1 ,he is ! ,cic]o ( 8 age2 he is read+ ! lives ( ! ,twelve ,cs>s4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,h5ry ! f\r?1 by fa!r ,daniel1 we are surpriz$ at n f9d+ him ! great man4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,h5ry ! f\r?1 by ,fa!r ,daniel1 we are surpris$ at n f9d+ him ! great man4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agb2 ,+]soll's1 #ahg2 ,fisk's1 #ii4 ,d n ^? same poor peasants use ! ,lev] & ! ,w$ge1 & _m o!r in/rum5ts8--,murray1 #bhh2 f ,h>ris1 #bic4 ,ari?metic is excell5t = ! gaug+ ( ,liquors2 ,geometry1 = ! measur+ ( ,e/ates2 ,a/ronomy1 = ! mak+ ( ,almanacks2 & ,gramm>1 p]haps1 = ! draw+ ( ,bonds & ,conveyances4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bie4 ,! w>s ( ,fl&]s1 writt5 9 ,lat9 by ,famianus ,/rada1 is a book ( "s note4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cfd4 ,william is a n\n4--:y8 0 is a v]b4--:y8 a is an article4--:y8 v is an adv]b4--:y8 c4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ^w1 & t ^w 0 ) ,god1 & ,god 0 t ^w4--,gwilt's ,saxon ,gram41 p4 #di4 ,! greeks are num]\s 9 !ssaly1 mac$onia1 romelia1 & albania4--,balbi1 v>i$4 ,he is /yl$ by ! ,turks1 ,sultan 7,mighty7 or ,padi%ah 7"l74--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cfj4 ,i w ransom !m f ! p[] ( ! grave2 ,i w r$eem !m f dea?3 ,o dea?1 ,i w be ?y plagues2#aji ,o grave1 ,i w be ?y de/ruction4--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,et ,,al43 ,hosea1 xiii1 #ad4 ,silv] & ,gold h ,i none2 b su* z ,i h1 give ,i unto !e4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cba4 ,return1 we besee* !e1 ,o ,god ( ,ho/s1 look d[n f heav51 & behold1 & visit ?is v9e4--,ib41 p4 #cdb4 ,9 ! ,attic ,commonweal?1 x 0 ! privilege ( e citiz5 to rail 9 public4--,ib41 p4 #caf4 ,!y ass]t t1 9 ! phrases1 'give me t1' '?is is ,john's1' & 'su* 7 "s ( y1' ! words 9 italics are pron\ns3 b t1 9 ! foll[+ phrases1 !y are n pron\ns2 '?is book is in/ructive1' '"s boys are +5i\s1' 'my heal? is decl9+1' 'our he>ts are deceitful1' c4--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,& ! coa/ b5ds aga9 to ! nor?we/1 z f> z ,f> ,out head4--,glasg[ ,geog41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cjh4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 & o!r mak]s ( spell+-books1 v improp]ly write sunday1 monday1 tuesday1 w$nesday1 ?ursday1 friday1 saturday1 )\t capitals4--,see ,web/]'s ,elem5t>y ,spell+-,book p4 #he4 ,! comm&] 9 *ief ( ! ,turki% navy is /yl$ ! capitan-pa%a4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cfj4 ,%all we n mu* r be 9 subjection unto ! fa!r ( spirits1 & live8--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,heb41 xii1 #i4 ,%all we n mu* r be 9 subjection unto ! ,fa!r ( ,spirits1 & live8--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,heb41 xii1 #i4 ,he 0 m anxi\s to atta9 ! "* ( a ,*ri/ian h]o4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cjh4 ,beautiful = situation1 ! joy ( ! :ole e>?1 is m\nt ,zion4--,psalms1 xlviii1 #b4 ,! ,"l is my ,help]1 & ,i w n fe> :at man %all d unto me4--,,scott3 ,heb41 xiii1 #f4 ,make ha/e to help me1 ,o ,,"l my ,salvation4--,,scott3 ,ps41 xxxviii1 #bb4 ,! ,city1 :i* ,?\ see/1 no o!r deem ,?an great & glori\s ,rome1 ,que5 ( ! ,e>?4 ,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #di4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$4 ,t range ( hills1 kn[n "u ! g5]al "n ( m\nt ,jura4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,he rebuk$ ! ,r$ sea also1 & x 0 dri$ up4--,,scott3 ,ps41 cvi1 #i4 ,jesus w5t unto ! m\nt ( ,olives4--,john1 viii1 #a4 ,milton's book1 9 reply to ! ,def5ce ( ! k+1 by ,salmasius1 ga9$ him a ?\s& p\nds f ! p>liam5t1 & kill$ 8 antagoni/ ) vexation4--,see ,murray's ,sequel1 #cdc4 ,m&eville1 sir ,john1 an ,engli%man1 fam\s = 8 travels1 born ab\t #acjj1 di$ 9 #acgb4--;,biog4 ,dict4 ,ettrick p51 a m\nta9 9 ,selkirk%ire1 ,scotl&1 height #b1bjj feet4--,glasg[ ,geog41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cab4 ,! coa/ b5ds f ,dungsbyhead 9 a nor?we/ direction to ! promontory ( ,dunnet head4--,ib41 p4 #cjg4 ,g54 ,ga9es ord]$ a deta*m5t ( ne> #cjj m51 "u ! comm& ( ,major ,twiggs1 to surr\nd & take an ,indian ,village1 call$ ,f[l ,t[n1 ab\t f\rte5 miles f =t ,scott4--,coh5's ,florida1 p4 #da4 ,& he took ! damsel by ! h&1 & said unto h]1 ,tali?a ,cumi4--,,alg]3 ,m>k1 v1 #d4 ,on religi\s subjects1 a frequ5t recurr5ce ( scripture-language is att5d$ ) peculi> =ce4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cah4 ,contemplat$ ) gratitude to _! ,au?or1 ! ,giv] ( all ,good4--,ib41 p4 #bhi4 ,:5 he1 ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 is come1 he w guide y into all tru?4--,ib41 p4 #aga2 ,fisk1 #ih2 ,+]soll1 #ahf4 ,see ! lecture on v]bs1 rule ,,xv4 note #d4--;,fisk's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( lecture ,,ii4 ,i in=m$ y t ,etymology treats1 #c;dly1 ( d]ivation4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,?is ,,viii4 lecture is a v important "o4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,n[ read ! ,,xi4 & ,,xii4 lectures f\r or five times ov]4--,ib41 p4 #aeb4 ,9 #ageb1 he 0 advanc$ to ! b5*1 "u ! title ( "l ,kames4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cca4 ,"o ( 8 maxims 01 '"k ?yself4'--,lempri]e's ,dict41 n4 ,*ilo4 ,good ma/]1 :at good ?+ %all ,i d1 t ,i may h et]nal life8--,see ,matt41 xix1 #af4 ,8 be/ kn[n works1 h[ev]1 are 'anecdotes ( ! e>l ( ,*a?am1' #b vols4 #dto41 #c vols4 #hvo41 & 'biographical1 lit]>y1 & political anecdotes ( sev]al ( ! mo/ em95t p]sons ( ! pres5t age2 nev] be=e pr9t$1' #c vols4 #hvo4 #agig4--,univ4 ,biog4 ,dict41 n4 ,almon4 ,o g5tle sleep1 ,nature's s(t nurse1 h[ h ,i fright$ !e8--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,o sleep1 ,o g5tle sleep1 ,nature's s(t nurse1 c4--,,s+]',s ,,%ak4 ,sec4 ,"p ( ,h54 ,,iv1 ,act iii4 ,sleep1 g5tle sleep1 ,nature's s(t nurse1 c4--,dodd's ,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #abi4 ,& ,peace1 ,o1 ,virtue6 ,peace is all ?y own4--,pope's ,works1 p4 #cgi4 ,& peace1 ,o virtue6 peace is all ?y own4--,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #af4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,f5elon unit$ ! *>act]s ( a nobleman & a ,*ri/ian pa/or4 ,8 book entitl$ ',an explication ( ! ,maxims ( ! ,sa9ts conc]n+ ! int]ior life1' gave consid]able (f5ce to ! gu>dians ( or?odoxy4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cba4 ,:5 natural religion1 :o be=e 0 only a spectator1 is introduc$ z speak+ by ! c5turion's voice4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aeg4 ,y _c d5y1 t ! great mov] & au?or ( nature con/antly expla9e? himself to ! eyes ( m51 by ! s5sible int]v5tion ( arbitr>y signs1 :i* h no similitude1 or connexion1 ) ! ?+s signifi$4--,b]kley's ,m9ute ,philosoph]1 p4 #afi4 ,! "n ( ?is lett] is d\ble ,u1 its =m1 t ( a d\ble ,v4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,murray1 9 8 spell+ book1 wrote ',*>les-,t[n' ) a ,hyph5 & two ,capitals4--,see p4 #aja4 ,he also wrote 'european' )\t a capital4--,see p4 #hf4 ,!y pr(ess !mselves to be ph>isees1 :o are to be he>d & n imitat$4--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 ,d$41 p4 #ee4 ,dr4 ,web/] wrote bo? ',ne:av5' & ',newyork' ) s+le capitals4--,see 8 ,am]ican ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aaa4 ,gayhead1 ! we/ po9t ( ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d4--,williams's ,univ4 ,gaz4 ,write ,crabor*>d1 ,eggh>bor1 ,longisl&1 ,p]?amboy1 ,we/hampton1 ,littlecompton1 ,newpaltz1 ,cr[npo9t1 ,fellspo9t1 ,s&yhook1 ,portp5n1 ,portroyal4 ,portobello1 & ,portorico4--,web/]'s ,am]ican ,spell+-,book1 #abg-adj4 ,write ! names ( ! mon?s3 janu>y1 febru>y1 m>*1 april1 may1 june1 july1 augu/1 septemb]1 octob]1 novemb]1 decemb]4--,cobb's ,/&>d ,spell+-,book1 #ba-dj4 ,write ! foll[+ names & words prop]ly3 tuesday1 w$nesday1 ?ursday1 friday1 saturday1 saturn2--*ri/1 *ri/ian1 *ri/mas1 *ri/5dom1 mi*aelmas1 indian1 bac*anals2--,ea/hampton1 omega1 johannes1 aonian1 levitical1 deut]onomy1 european4--,cobb's ,/&>d ,spell+-,book1 sundry places4 ,eight ,lett]s 9 "s ,syllables we f9d1 ,& no m ,syllables 9 ,words are jo9$4 ,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,( ,,syllables4 ,a ,syllable is "o or m lett]s pron\nc$ 9 "o s\nd2 & is ei!r a ^w1 z1 a1 an1 ant2 or a "p ( a ^w1 z di 9 dial4 ,9 e ^w !re are z _m syllables z !re are di/9ct s\nds1 or sep>ate impulses ( ! voice2 z1 gram-ma-ri-an4 ,a ^w ( "o syllable is call$ a monosyllable2 a ^w ( two syllables1 a dissyllable2 a ^w ( ?ree syllables1 a trissyllable2 & a ^w ( f\r or m syllables1 a polysyllable4 ,e v[el1 except w1 may =m a syllable ( itself2 b ! consonants belong to ! v[els or diph?ongs2 & )\t a v[el no syllable c be =m$4 ,,diph?ongs ,,& ,,triph?ongs4 ,a diph?ong is two v[els jo9$ 9 "o syllable2 z1 ea 9 beat1 ou 9 s\nd4 ,9 oe or 1 old or =eign1 ! *>act]s (t5 unite4 ,a prop] diph?ong is a diph?ong 9 :i* bo? ! v[els are s\nd$2 z1 oi 9 voice1 ow 9 v[4 ,an improp] diph?ong is a diph?ong 9 :i* only "o ( ! v[els is s\nd$2 z1 oa 9 loaf1 eo 9 p4 ,a triph?ong is ?ree v[els jo9$ 9 "o syllable2 z1 eau 9 beau1 iew 9 view1 oeu 9 manoeuvre4 ,a prop] triph?ong is a triph?ong 9 :i* all ! v[els are s\nd$2 z1 uoy 9 buoy4 ,an improp] triph?ong is a triph?ong 9 :i* only "o or two ( ! v[els are s\nd$2 z1 eau 9 beauty1 i\ 9 anxi\s4 ,! diph?ongs 9 ,engli% are tw5ty-n9e2 embrac+ all b six ( ! ?irty-five possible comb9ations ( two v[els3 aa1 ae1 ai1 ao1 au1 aw1 ay1--ea1 ee1 ei1 eo1 eu1 ew1 ey1--ia1 ie1 7ii17 io1 7iu1 iw1 iy17--oa1 oe1 oi1 oo1 ou1 ow1 oy1--ua1 ue1 ui1 uo1 7uu1 uw17 uy4 ,t5 ( ^! diph?ongs1 be+ v>i\sly s\nd$1 may be ei!r prop] or improp]2 to wit1 ay1--ie1--oi1 ou1 ow1--ua1 ue1 ui1 uo1 uy4 ,! prop] diph?ongs appe> to be ?irte52 ay1--ia1 ie1 io1--oi1 ou1 ow1 oy1--ua1 ue1 ui1 uo1 uy3 ( :i* comb9ations1 only ?ree1 ia1 io1 & oy1 are inv>iably ( ?is class4 ,! improp] diph?ongs are tw5ty-six2 aa1 ae1 ai1 ao1 au1 aw1 ay1--ea1 ee1 ei1 eo1 eu1 ew1 ey1--ie1--oa1 oe1 oi1 oo1 ou1 ow1--ua1 ue1 ui1 uo1 uy4 ,! only prop] triph?ong 9 ,engli% is uoy1 z 9 buoy1 buoyant1 buoyancy2 unless uoi 9 quoit may be consid]$ a p>allel in/ance4 ,! improp] triph?ongs are sixte52 awe1 aye1--eau1 e\1 ewe1 eye1--ieu1 iew1 i\1--oeu1 owe1--uai1 uaw1 uay1 uea1 uee4 ,,syllabication4 ,9 divid+ words into syllables1 we are to be direct$ *iefly by ! e>2 x may h[ev] be prop] to obs]ve1 z f> z practicable1 ! foll[+ rules4 ,,rule ,i4--,,consonants4 ,consonants %\ld g5]ally be jo9$ to ! v[els or diph?ongs :i* !y modify 9 utt]ance2 z1 ,an-ax-ag'-o-ras1 ap-os-tol'-i-cal4#aaj ,,rule ,,ii4--,,v[els4 ,two v[els1 com+ toge!r1 if !y make n a diph?ong1 mu/ be p>t$ 9 divid+ ! syllables2 z1 ,a-cka'-i-a1 ,a-o'-ni-an1 a-e'-ri-al4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,t]m9ations4 ,d]ivative & grammatical t]m9ations %\ld g5]ally be sep>at$ f ! radical words to :i* !y h be5 add$2 z1 h>m-less1 great-ly1 connect-ed3 ?us c\nt-er & c\n-t] are diff]5t words4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,prefixes4 ,prefixes1 9 g5]al1 =m sep>ate syllables2 z1 mis-place1 out-ride1 up-lift3 b if _! own primitive mean+ be disreg>d$1 ! case may be o!rwise2 ?us1 re-create1 & rec'-reate1 re-=mation1 & ref-ormation1 are words ( diff]5t import4 ,,rule ,v4--,,comp\nds4 ,comp\nds1 :5 divid$1 %\ld be divid$ into ! simple words :i* compose !m2 z1 boat-swa91 foot-hold1 nev]-!-less4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,l9es ,,full4 ,at ! end ( a l9e1 a ^w may be divid$1 if necess>y2 b a syllable mu/ nev] be brok54 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! doctr9e ( ,engli% syllabication is att5d$ ) "s difficulties2 because its purposes are v>i\s1 & its pr9ciples1 (t5 contradictory4 ,! old rules1 borr[$ *iefly f gramm>s ( o!r languages1 & /ill reta9$ 9 "s ( our own1 are liable to v /rong objections4#aaa ,by aim+ to divide on ! v[els1 & to =ce ! consonants1 z mu* z possible1 into ! beg9n+ ( syllables1 !y (t5 p]v]t or misrepres5t our pronunciation4 ,?us ,murray1 9 8 ,spell+-,book1 has gra-vel1 fi-ni%1 me-lon1 bro-!r1 bo-dy1 wi-d[1 pri-son1 a-va-rice1 e-ve-ry1 o-ran-ges1 e-ne-my1 me-di-c9e1 re-pre-s5t1 re-s-lu-tion1 & a multitude ( o!r words1 divid$ ^u a pr9ciple by :i* ! "y le>n] c sc>cely fail to be l$ into error respect+ _! s\nds4 ,?is me?od ( division is !re=e p>ticul>ly repreh5sible 9 su* books z are design$ to tea* ! true pronunciation ( words2 = :i* reason1 x has be5 g5]ally ab&on$ 9 our mod]n spell+-books & diction>ies3 ! au?ors ( :i* h sev]ally aim$ at "s sort ( compromise betwe5 etymology & pronunciation2 b !y disagree s mu*1 z to ! mann] ( effect+ x1 t no two ( !m w be f\nd alike1 & v few1 if any1 entirely consi/5t ) !mselves4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! object ( syllabication may be any "o ( ! foll[+ f\r2 #a4 ,to enable a *ild to read unfamili> words by spell+ !m2 #b4 ,to %[ ! d]ivation or composition ( words2 #c4 ,to exhibit ! exact pronunciation ( words2 #d4 ,to divide words prop]ly1 :5 x is necess>y to break !m at ! ends ( l9es4 ,) respect to ! fir/ ( ^! objects1 ,walk] obs]ves1 ,:5 a *ild has made c]ta9 advances 9 read+1 b is ignorant ( ! s\nd ( _m ( ! long] words1 x may n be improp] to lay d[n ! common g5]al rule to him1 t a consonant betwe5 two v[els mu/ g to ! latt]1 & t two consonants com+ toge!r mu/ be divid$4 ,f>!r ?an ?is x w\ld be absurd to g ) a *ild4--,walk]'s ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #eci4 ,yet1 z a caution be x record$1 t1 9 #ahcc1 an it9]ant lectur] f ! ,s\?1 :o made x 8 bus9ess to tea* :at he calls 9 8 title-page1 ,an ,abridgm5t ( ,walk]'s ,rules on ! ,s\nds ( ! ,lett]s1--an ,abridgem5t1 :i*1 he says 9 8 preface1 w be f\nd to conta91 x is believ$1 all ! important rules t are e/abli%$ by ,walk]1 & to c>ry 8 pr9ciples f>!r ?an he himself has done--befool$ ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts1 ! ,s*ool ,committee & ,common ,c\ncil ( ,bo/on1 ! pr(essor ( elocution at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 & _m o!r equally wise m5 ( ! ea/1 into ! notion t ,engli% pronunciation c\ld be conv5i5tly taught to *ildr51 9 f\r or five days1 by means ( "s ?ree or f\r hundr$ rules ( :i* ! foll[+ is a specim53 ,,rule #bhb4 ,:5 a s+le consonant is prec$$ by a v[el "u ! preantep5ultimate acc5t1 & is foll[$ by a v[el t is succe$$ by a consonant1 x belongs to ! acc5t$ v[el4--,mulkey's ,abridgem5t ( ,walk]'s ,rules1 p4 #cd4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,a gross] specim5 ( lit]>y quack]y1 ?an is ! publication :i* ,i h j quot$1 c sc>cely be f\nd 9 ! _w ( lett]s4 ,x c5sures ! pr9ciples laid d[n & illu/rat$ by ,walk]1 z s elaborate & s v]bose z to be we>isome to ! s*ol> & useless to ! *ild2 & yet decl>es !m to be1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! true rules ( pronunciation1 accord+ to ! analogy ( ! language4--,mulkey's ,preface1 p4 #c4 ,x pr(esses to be an abridgem5t & simplification ( ^? pr9ciples1 especially adapt$ to ! wants & capacities ( *ildr52 &1 at ! same "t1 imposes ^u ! memory ( ! "y le>n] tw5ty-n9e rules = syllabication1 simil> to t :i* ,i h quot$ above2 :]eas ,walk] himself1 ) all 8 v]bosity1 expressly decl>es x absurd1 to (f] m ?an "o or two1 & ^? ( ! v simple/ "*4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! au?or tea*es no?+ b ! elem5ts ( read+2 no?+ b ! s\nds ( lett]s & syllables2 no?+ b a few simple fractions ( ! great sci5ce ( gramm>3 &1 = ?is purpose1 he w\ld conduct ! le>n] ?r\gh ! foll[+ p>ticul>s1 & h him rememb] !m all3 #a4 ,fifte5 di/9ctions respect+ ! classification & organic =mation ( ! lett]s4 #b4 ,sixty-?ree rules = ! s\nds ( ! v[els1 accord+ to _! relative positions4 #c4 ,sixty-f\r explanations ( ! diff]5t s\nds ( ! diph?ongs4 #d4 ,eighty-n9e rules = ! s\nds ( ! consonants1 accord+ to position4 #e4 ,tw5ty-?ree heads1 embrac+ a hundr$ & fifty-six pr9ciples ( acc5t4 #f4 ,tw5ty-n9e rules = divid+ words into syllables4 #g4 ,?irty-?ree additional pr9ciples2 :i* are ?r[n toge!r promiscu\sly1 because he c\ld n class !m4 #h4 ,fifty-two pages ( irregul> ,words1 =m+ p>ticul> exceptions to ! =ego+ rules4 #i4 ,tw5ty-eight pages ( notes extract$ f ,walk]'s ,diction>y1 & v prettily call$ ,! ,beauties ( ,walk]4 ,all ?is is ,walk] simplifi$ = *ildr56 ,,obs4 #d4--,su* is a brief sket* ( ,mulkey's sy/em ( or?opy2 a "w 9 :i* he claims to h devis$ :at has h]et(ore be5 a desid]atum--a mode by :i* *ildr5 9 our common s*ools may be taught ! rules = ! pronunciation ( _! "m tongue4--,preface1 p4 #d4 ,! faults ( ! book are s exce$+ly num]\s1 t to po9t !m out1 w\ld be m toil1 ?an to write an accurate volume ( twice ! size4 ,& is x possible1 t a sy/em l ?is c\ld f9d patronage 9 ! metropolis ( ,new ,engl&1 9 t pr\d c5tre ( arts & sci5ces1 & 9 ! pr\de/ halls ( le>n+ & ( legislation8 ,exam9e ! g5tleman's cr$5tials1 & take y\r *oice betwe5 ! adoption ( 8 plan1 z a great improvem5t 9 ! managem5t ( syllables1 & ! c]ta9 conclusion t great m5 may be greatly dup$ respect+ !m4 ,unless ! public has be5 impos$ ^u by a worse fraud ?an m]e lit]>y quack]y1 ! au?orities ,i h m5tion$ did ext5sively patronize ! s*eme2 & ! ,common ,c\ncil ( t le>n$ city did ord]1 ,novemb] #ad?1 #ahcc1 ,t ! ,s*ool ,committee be & !y are h]eby au?oriz$ to employ ,mr4 ,william ,mulkey to give a c\rse ( ,lectures on ,or?opy to ! sev]al in/ructors ( ! public s*ools1 & t ! sum ( five hundr$ doll>s is h]eby appropriat$ = t purpose1 & t ! same am\nt be )drawn f ! res]v$ fund4--,see ,mulkey's ,circul>4 ,,obs4 #e4--,pronunciation is be/ taught to *ildr5 by means ( a good spell+-book2 a book 9 :i* ! words are arrang$ accord+ to _! analogies1 & divid$ accord+ to _! prop] s\nds4 ,vocabul>ies1 diction>ies1 & gloss>ies1 may also be s]viceable to ^? :o are suffici5tly advanc$ to le>n h[ to use !m4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ ( ! abov5am$ purposes ( syllabication1 ,i am almo/ ready to diss5t ev5 f ! mode/ op9ion ( ,walk] himself2 = ignorance c only guess at ! pronunciation ( words1 till positive in/ruction comes 9 to give assurance2 & x may be d\bt$ :e!r ev5 ! simple rule or rules sugge/$ by ,walk] w\ld n ab\t z (t5 mislead ! "y read] z correct him4 ,) reg>d to ! second purpose1 t ( %[+ ! d]ivation or composition ( words1 x is pla91 t etymology1 & n pronunciation1 mu/ "h gov]n ! division2 & t x %\ld g no fur!r ?an to sep>ate ! con/itu5t p>ts ( ea* ^w2 z1 or?o-graphy1 !o-logy4 ,b :5 we divide = ! ?ird purpose1 & int5d to %[ :at is ! pronunciation ( a ^w1 we mu/1 if possible1 divide into su* syllabic s\nds z w exactly recompose ! ^w1 :5 put toge!r aga92 z1 or-?og-ra-phy1 !-ol-o-gy4 ,?is be+ ! mo/ common purpose ( syllabication1 p]haps x w\ld be well to give x a g5]al pref]5ce2 & adopt x :5ev] we c1 n only 9 ! compos+ ( spell+-books & diction>ies1 b also 9 ! divid+ ( words at ! ends ( l9es4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,! be/ & easie/ rule1 = divid+ ! syllables 9 spell+1 is1 to divide !m z !y are naturally divid$ 9 a "r pronunciation2 )\t reg>d to ! d]ivation ( words1 or ! possible comb9ation ( consonants at ! beg9n+ ( a syllable4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,& ,walk] approves ( ! pr9ciple1 ) respect to ! ?ird purpose m5tion$ above3 ,?is1 says t celebrat$ or?opi/1 is ! me?od adopt$ by ^? :o w\ld convey ! :ole s\nd1 by giv+ di/9ctly e "p2 &1 :5 ?is is ! object ( syllabication1 ,dr4 ,l[?'s rule is c]ta9ly to be foll[$4--,walk]'s ,pr9ciples1--,no4 #eda4 ,b ?is rule1 :i* no "o c apply till he has f\nd out ! pronunciation1 w n always be practicable :]e t is kn[n1 & p]haps n always exp$i5t :]e x is practicable4 ,= example3 ! words colonel1 v5ison1 transition1 propiti\s1 _c be s divid$ z to exhibit _! pronunciation2 &1 9 su* z acid1 magic1 pacify1 legible1 liquidate1 x may n be be/ to foll[ ! rule1 because !re is "s reasonable objection to t]m9at+ ! fir/ syllables ( ^! words ) c1 g1 & q1 especially at ! end ( a l9e4 ,! rule = t]m9ations may also int]f]e ) ?is1 call$ ,l[?'s2 z 9 sizable1 ris+1 droni%4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,= ! divid+ ( words into syllables1 ,i h giv5 six rules1 :i* are p]haps z _m z w be useful4 ,!y are to be und]/ood z g5]al pr9ciples2 &1 z to ! exceptions to be made 9 _! application1 or ! settl+ ( _! conflict+ claims to att5tion1 ^! may be left to ! judgem5t ( ea* writ]4 ,! old pr9ciple ( divid+ by ! eye1 & n by ! e>1 ,i h reject$2 &1 ) x1 all b "o ( ! five rules :i* ! old gramm>ians gave = ! purpose4 ,! divisions ( ! lett]s into syllables1 %\ld1 unque/ionably1 be ! same 9 writt51 z 9 spok5 language2 o!rwise ! le>n] is misguid$1 & s$uc$ by false repres5tations into injuri\s errors4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( books 9 :i* ! words are divid$ accord+ to _! s\nds1 ! pronunciation ( ! language is daily becom+ m & m uni=m2 & x may p]haps be reasonably hop$1 t ! g5]al adoption ( ?is me?od ( syllabication1 & a prop] exposition ( ! occasional errors ( ignorance1 w "o day obviate entirely ! objection aris+ f ! in/ability ( ! pr9ciple4 ,= ! old gramm>ians urg$1 t ! s*ol> :o _h le>n$ _! rules %\ld /rictly con=m to !m2 & t he %\ld indu/ri\sly avoid t r&om ,me?od ( divid+ by ! ,e>1 :i* is subject to m]e jumble1 z x mu/ be cont9ually fluctuat+ accord+ to ! v>i\s ,dialects ( diff]5t ,c\ntries4--,briti% ,gramm>1 p4 #dg4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! important ex]cise ( oral spell+ is (t5 v absurdly conduct$4 ,9 _m ( our s*ools1 x may be obs]v$ t ! tea*]1 9 giv+ out ! words to be spell$1 is n always c>eful to utt] !m ) :at he kn[s to be _! true s\nds1 b frequ5tly accommodates 8 pronunciation to ! kn[n or suppos$ ignorance ( ! s*ol>2 & ! latt] is /ill m frequ5tly all[$ to hurry ?r\gh ! process1 )\t putt+ ! syllables toge!r z he proce$s2 &1 sometimes1 )\t =m+ or di/+ui%+ ! syllables at all4 ,m]ely to pron\nce a ^w & !n "n its lett]s1 is an exce$+ly imp]fect mode ( spell+2 a mode 9 :i* f> m is lo/ 9 respect to accuracy ( spee*1 ?an is ga9$ 9 respect to "t4 ,! syllables %\ld n only be di/9ctly =m$ & pron\nc$1 b pron\nc$ z !y are he>d 9 ! :ole ^w2 & ea* %\ld be successively add$ to ! prec$+ syllables1 till ! :ole s\nd is =m$ by ! reunion ( all its p>ts4 ,= example3 divisibility4 ,! s*ol> %\ld say1 ,dee ,i1 de2 ,vee ,i ,ess1 viz1 de-viz2 ,i1 de-viz-e2 ,bee ,i ,ell1 bil1 de-viz-e-bil2 ,i1 de-viz-e-bil-e2 ,tee ,wy1 te1 de-viz-e-bil-e-te4 ,aga93 *ican]y4 ,cee ,ait* ,i1 %e2 ,cee ,a1 ka1 %e-ka2 ,en ,e ,ar1 nur1 %e-ka-nur2 ,wy1 %e-ka-nur-e4 ,"o ( ! *ief advantages ( oral spell+1 is its t5d5cy to promote accuracy ( pronunciation2 & ?is end x w rea*1 9 proportion to ! c>e & skill ) :i* x is conduct$4 ,b oral spell+ %\ld n be reli$ on z ! sole means ( tea*+ or?ography4 ,x w n be f\nd suffici5t4 ,! me?od ( giv+ out words = practical spell+ on slates or pap]1 or ( read+ some?+ :i* is to be writt5 aga9 by ! le>n]1 is mu* to be comm5d$1 z a means ( ex]cis+ ^? s*ol>s :o are s f> advanc$ z to write legibly4 ,?is is call$1 9 ! s*ools1 dictation4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,9 ,,syllabication4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,consonants4 #a4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words ( two syllables3 ci-vil1 co-l\r1 co-py1 da-mask1 d-z51 e-v]1 fea-!r1 ga-!r1 hea-v51 hea-vy1 ho-ney1 le-mon1 li-n51 mea-d[1 mo-ney1 ne-v]1 o-live1 o-range1 o-!r1 phea-sant1 plea-sant1 pu-ni%1 ra-!r1 rea-dy1 ri-v]1 ro-b91 s*o-l>1 %o-vel1 /o-ma*1 ti-mid1 :e-!r4--,murray's ,spell+-,book1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahai1 p4 #dc-ej4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v 9 ci-vil1 ! l 9 co-l\r1 ! p 9 co-py1 c41 are writt5 ) ! foll[+ v[el1 b spok5 ) t :i* prec$es4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 ,consonants %\ld g5]ally be jo9$ to ! v[els or diph?ongs :i* !y modify 9 utt]ance4 ,!re=e1 ^! words %\ld be divid$ ?us3 civ-il1 col-our1 cop-y1 c4 #b4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words ( ?ree syllables3 be-ne-fit1 ca-bi-net1 ca-nis-t]1 ca-ta-logue1 *a-rac-t]1 *a-ri-ty1 co-vet-ous1 di-li-g5ce1 di-mi-ty1 e-le-phant1 e-vi-d5t1 e-v]-gre51 fri-vo-l\s1 ga-!r-+1 ge-ne-r\s1 g-v]n-ess1 g-v]n-or1 ho-nes-ty1 ka-l5-d>1 la-v5-d]1 le-ve-ret1 li-be-ral1 me-mo-ry1 mi-nis-t]1 mo-de/-ly1 no-vel-ty1 no-bo-dy1 pa-ra-dise1 po-v]-ty1 pre-s5t-ly1 pro-vi-d5ce1 pro-p]-ly1 pri-son-er1 ra-v5-ous1 sa-tis-fy1 se-ve-ral1 se-pa-rate1 tra-vel-l]1 va-ga-bond2--con-si-d]1 con-ti-nue1 de-li-v]1 dis-co-v]1 dis-fi-gure1 dis-ho-ne/1 dis-tri-bute1 9-ha-bit1 me-*a-nic1 :at-e-v]2--re-com-m5d1 re-fu-gee1 re-pri-m&4--,murray3 ib41 p4 #fg-hc4 #c4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words ( f\r syllables3 ca-t]-pil-l>1 *a-ri-ta-ble1 di-li-g5t-ly1 mi-se-ra-ble1 pro-fit-a-ble1 to-le-ra-ble2--be-ne-vo-l5t1 con-si-d]-ate1 di-mi-nu-tive1 ex-pe-ri-m5t1 ex-tra-va-gant1 9-ha-bi-tant1 no-bi-li-ty1 p>-ti-cu-l>1 pros-pe-ri-ty1 ri-di-cu-l\s1 s9-ce-ri-ty2--de-mon-/ra-tion1 e-du-ca-tion1 e-mu-la-tion1 e-pi-de-mic1 ma-le-fac-tor1 ma-nu-fac-ture1 me-mo-ran-dum1 mo-de-ra-tor1 pa-ra-ly-tic1 pe-ni-t5-tial1 re-sig-na-tion1 sa-tis-fac-tion1 se-mi-co-lon4--,murray3 ib41 p4 #hd-hg4 #d4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words ( five syllables3 a-bo-mi-na-ble1 a-po-!-ca-ry1 con-sid-e-ra-ble1 ex-pla-na-to-ry1 pre-pa-ra-to-ry2--a-ca-de-mi-cal1 cu-ri-o-si-ty1 ge-o-gra-phi-cal1 ma-nu-fac-to-ry1 sa-tis-fac-to-ry1 me-ri-to-ri-ous2--*a-rac-te-ris-tic1 e-pi-gram-ma-tic1 ex-pe-ri-m5t-al1 po-ly-syl-la-ble1 con-sid-e-ra-tion4 --,murray3 ib41 p4 #hg-hi4 #e4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ prop] names3 ,he-l51 ,leo-n>d1 ,phi-lip1 ,ro-b]t1 ,ho-race1 ,?o-mas2--,ca-ro-l9e1 ,ca-?a-r9e1 ,da-ni-el1 ,de-bo-rah1 ,d-ro-?y1 ,fre-de-rick1 ,i-sa-bel1 ,jo-na-?an1 ,ly-di-a1 ,ni-*o-las1 ,o-li-v]1 ,sa-mu-el1 ,si-me-on1 ,s-lo-mon1 ,ti-mo-?y1 ,va-l5-t9e2--,a-me-ri-ca1 ,b>-?o-lo-mew1 ,e-li-za-be?1 ,na-?a-ni-el1 ,pe-ne-lo-pe1 ,!-o-phi-lus4--,murray3 ib41 p4 #ih-aja4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$4 #a4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words1 by ,rule #a/3 cap-rice1 es-teem1 dis-es-teem1 ob-lige2--az-ure1 mat-ron1 pat-ron1 phal-anx1 sir-en1 trait-or1 tr5*-er1 b>b-er1 burn-i%1 g>n-i%1 t>n-i%1 v>n-i%1 m>k-et1 musk-et1 pamph-let2--brave-ry1 knave-ry1 siave-ry1 eve-n+1 sc5e-ry1 bribe-ry1 nice-ty1 *i-cane-ry1 ma-*9e-ry1 im-age-ry2-- z-y-lum1 hor-i-zon1--fi-nan-ci]1 he-ro-ism1--s>-don-yx1 scur-ril-ous1-- com-e-di-an1 po/-e-ri-or4--,web/]'s ,spell+-,books4 #b4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words by ,rule #b;d3 oy-er1 fol-io1 g5-ial1 g5-ius1 jun-ior1 sa-tiate1 vi-tiate2--am-bro-sia1 *a-mel-ion1 p>-hel-ion1 con-v5-i5t1 9-g5-i\s1 om-nis-ci5ce1 pe-cul-i>1 s-cia-ble1 p>-tial-i-ty1 pe-cun-ia-ry2--an-nun-ciate1 e-nun-ciate1 ap-pre-ciate1 z-s-ciate1 ex-pa-tiate1 9-gra-tiate1 9-i-tiate1 li-c5-tiate1 ne-g-tiate1 no-vi-ciate1 (-fi-ciate1 pro-pi-tiate1 sub-/an-tiate4--,web/]3 ,old ,spell+-,book1 #hf-ia2 ,new1 #aba-abh4 #c4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words by ,rule #c;d3 dres-s]1 has-ty1 pas-try1 sei-zure1 rol-l]1 jes-t]1 wea-v]1 vam-p]1 han-dy1 dros-sy1 glos-sy1 mo-v]1 mo-v+1 oo-zy1 ful-l]1 trus-ty1 weigh-ty1 noi-sy1 dr[-sy1 sw>-?y4--,cobb's ,/&>d ,spell+-,book4 ,aga93 eas-t]n1 full-y1 pull-et1 rill-et1 scan-ty1 nee-dy4--,web/]4 #d4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words by ,rule #d?3 aw-ry1--,web/]'s ,old ,book1 #eb2 a?-w>t1--,ib41 #ic2 pros-pect-ive1--,ib41 #ff2 pa-r5?-e-sis1--,ib41 #ic2 res-i/-i-bil-ity1--,web/]'s ,new ,book1 #ic2 hem-is-ph]-ic1--,ib41 #acj2 mo-nos-ti*1 he-mis-tick1 #aab--,walk]'s ,dict41 #hvo2 ,cobb1 #cc2 t[-ards1--,cobb1 #dh4 #e4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words by ,rule #e?3 ,e'n-gl&1--,murray's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #ajj2 a-no-!r1--,ib41 #ga2 a-no?-er1--,em]son1 #gf2 ,be-!s-da1 ,be?-a-ba-ra1--,web/]1 #ada2 ,cobb1 #aei4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 #a4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words1 accord+ to _! d]ivation3 b5-d]1 bles-s+1 bras-sy1 *af-fy1 *an-t]1 clas-p]1 craf-ty1 cur-dy1 f5-d]1 fil-my1 fus-ty1 glas-sy1 graf-t]1 gras-sy1 gus-ty1 ban-d$1 mas-sy1 mus-ky1 rus-ty1 swel-l+1 tel-l]1 tes-t$1 ?rif-ty1 ves-ture4--,cobb's ,/&>d ,spell+-,book4 #b4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words1 s z to give no wrong notion ( _! d]ivation & mean+3 b>b-er1 burn-i%1 brisk-et1 cank-er1 *>t-er1 cuck-oo1 furn-i%1 g>n-i%1 guil-ty1 hank-er1 lu/-y1 port-al1 t>n-i%1 te/-ate1 te/-y1 trait-or1 treat-y1 v>n-i%1 ve/-al1 di-urn-al1 e-t]n-al1 9-f]n-al1 9-t]n-al1 ma-t]n-al1 noc-turn-al1 pa-t]n-al4--,web/]'s ,elem5t>y ,spell+-,book4 #c4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words1 s z to convey no wrong idea ( _! pronunciation3 ar-mo-ry1 ar-te-ry1 but*-er-y1 cook-e-ry1 eb-o-ny1 em-e-ry1 ev-e-ry1 fel-o-ny1 fop-pe-ry1 flip-pe-ry1 gal-le-ry1 8-to-ry1 liv-e-ry4 lot-te-ry1 mock-e-ry1 mys-te-ry1 nun-ne-ry1 or-re-ry1 pil-lo-ry1 quack-e-ry1 sor-ce-ry1 wit*-e-ry4--,ib41 #da-db4 #d4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words1 & give to n be=e k ! s\nd ( ng3 ank-le1 bask-et1 blank-et1 buck-le1 cack-le1 crank-le1 cr9k-le1 ea/-er1 fick-le1 freck-le1 knuck-le1 m>k-et1 monk-ey1 port-ress1 pick-le1 p\lt-ice1 pun*-eon1 qua-drant1 qua-drate1 squa-dron1 rank-le1 %ack-le1 spr9k-le1 t9k-le1 tw9k-le1 wr9k-le4--,cobb's ,/&>d ,spell+-,book4 #e4 ,correct ! division ( ! foll[+ words1 ) a prop] reg>d to ,rules #a/ & #c;d3 a-scribe1 bl&-i%1 bran-*y1 cl\-dy1 dus-ty1 drea-ry1 eve-n+1 faul-ty1 fil-?y1 fros-ty1 gau-dy1 gloo-my1 heal-?y1 he>-k51 he>-ty1 hoa-ry1 lea-ky1 l\ng-er1 m>-%y1 migh-ty1 mil-ky1 naugh-ty1 pas-s+1 pit-*]1 rea-dy1 roc-ky1 spee-dy1 /ea-dy1 /or-my1 ?irs-ty1 ?or-ny1 trus-ty1 ves-try1 wes-t]n1 weal-?y4--,em]son's ,spell+-,book1 #ag-dd4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,( ,,words4 ,a ,^w is "o or m syllables spok5 or writt5 z ! sign ( "s idea1 or ( "s mann] ( ?\ght4 ,words are di/+ui%$ z primitive or d]ivative1 & z simple or comp\nd4 ,! =m] division is call$ _! species2 ! latt]1 _! figure4 ,a primitive ^w is "o t is n =m$ f any simpl] ^w 9 ! language2 z1 h>m1 great1 connect4 ,a d]ivative ^w is "o t is =m$ f "s simpl] ^w 9 ! language2 z1 h>mless1 greatly1 connect$1 disconnect1 unconnect$4 ,a simple ^w is "o t is n comp\nd$1 n compos$ ( o!r words2 z1 wat*1 man1 h\se1 t[]1 nev]1 !1 less4 ,a comp\nd ^w is "o t is compos$ ( two or m simple words2 z1 wat*man1 wat*h\se1 wat*t[]1 nev]!less4 ,p]man5t comp\nds are consolidat$2 z1 booksell]1 s*oolma/]3 o!rs1 :i* may be call$ tempor>y comp\nds1 are =m$ by ! hyph52 z1 good-natur$1 negro-m]*ant4 ,,rules ,,= ,,! ,,figure ,,( ,,words4 ,,rule ,i4--,,comp\nds4 ,words regul>ly or analogically unit$1 & commonly kn[n z =m+ a comp\nd1 %\ld nev] be ne$lessly brok5 ap>t4 ,?us1 /eamboat1 railroad1 r$-hot1 well-be+1 new-co9$1 are pref]able to ! phrases1 /eam boat1 rail road1 r$ hot1 well be+1 new co9$2 & t[>d u is bett] ?an ! old phrase1 to u w>d4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,simples4 ,:5 ! simple words w\ld only =m a regul> phrase1 ( ! same mean+1 ! comp\nd+ ( any ( !m ought to be avoid$4 ,?us1 ! comp\nd in/ead is n to be comm5d$1 because ! simple phrase1 9 /ead (1 is exactly l ! o!r phrases1 9 lieu (1 9 place (1 9 room (1 9 :i* we write no comp\nd4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,! ,,s5se4 ,words o!rwise liable to be misund]/ood1 mu/ be jo9$ toge!r or writt5 sep>ately1 z ! s5se & con/ruction may happ5 to require4 ,?us1 a glass h\se is a h\se made ( glass1 b a glas%\se is a h\se 9 :i* glass is made2 s a negro m]*ant is a col\r$ trad]1 b a negro-m]*ant is a man :o buys & sells negroes4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,ellipses4 ,:5 two or m comp\nds are connect$ 9 "o s5t5ce1 none ( !m %\ld be split to make an ellipsis ( half a ^w4 ,?us1 six or sev5te5 %\ld n be said = sixte5 or sev5te52 nor ought we to say1 calf1 goat1 & %eepsk9s = calfsk9s1 goatsk9s1 & %eepsk9s ,9 ! latt] in/ance1 h[ev]1 x might be "r to sep>ate all ! words2 z 9 ! phrase1 s\p1 c(fee1 & tea h\ses4--,lib]ator1 x1 #dj4 ,,rule ,v4--,,! ,,hyph54 ,:5 ! p>ts ( a comp\nd d n fully coalesce1 z to-day1 to-night1 to-morr[2 or :5 ea* reta9s its orig9al acc5t1 s t ! comp\nd has m ?an "o1 or "o t is movable1 z fir/-born1 hang]-on1 laught]-lov+1 g>lic-eat]1 butt]fly-%ell1 ! hyph5 %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 !m4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,no ,,hyph54 ,:5 a comp\nd has b "o acc5t$ syllable 9 pronunciation1 z wat*word1 /atesman1 g5tleman1 & ! p>ts are su* z admit ( a complete coalesc5ce1 no hyph5 %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 !m4 ,*ur*ill1 aft] mu* att5tion to ?is subject1 writes ?us3 ,! practical in/ruction ( ! c\nt+h\se imp>ts a m ?or\gh k ( bookkeep+1 ?an all ! fictiti\s transactions ( a m]e s*oolbook1 h[ev] c>efully con/ruct$ to suit p>ticul> purposes4--,new ,gram41 p4 vii4 ,b c\nt+-h\se1 hav+ m /ress on ! la/ syllable ?an on ! middle "o1 is usually writt5 ) ! hyph52 & book-keep+ & s*ool-book1 ?\gh !y may n ne$ x1 are (t5] s =m$ ?an o!rwise4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,words are ! lea/ p>ts ( significant language2 t is1 ( language significant 9 ea* "p2 =1 to syllables1 tak5 m]ely z syllables1 no mean+ belongs4 ,b1 to a ^w1 signification ( "s sort or o!r1 is ess5tial2 !re c be no ^w )\t x2 = a sign or symbol mu/ ne$s repres5t or signify some?+4 ,& z ,i _c suppose words to repres5t ext]nal ?+s1 ,i h said ,a ,^w is "o or m syllables spok5 or writt5 z ! sign ( "s idea4 ,b ( :at ideas are ! words ( our language significant8 ,are we to say1 ,( all ideas2 & to recognize z an ,engli% ^w e syllable1 or comb9ation ( syllables1 to :i* we "k a mean+ is atta*$8 ,no4 ,= ?is1 9 ! fir/ place1 w\ld conf\nd "o language ) an o!r2 & de/roy a di/9ction :i* mu/ ev] be practically recogniz$1 till all m5 %all aga9 speak "o language4 ,9 ! next place1 x w\ld compel u to embrace among our words an inf9itude ( t]ms t are significant only ( local ideas1 su* z m5 any :]e or at any "t may h _h conc]n+ any ( ! individuals !y h kn[n1 :e!r p]sons1 places1 or ?+s4 ,b1 h[ev] important !y may be 9 ! eyes ( m51 ! names ( p>ticul> p]sons1 places1 or ?+s1 because !y convey only p>ticul> ideas1 d n prop]ly belong to :at we call our language4 ,lexicograph]s d n collect & def9e prop] names1 because !y are beyond ! limits ( _! art1 & c be expla9$ only f hi/ory4 ,i d n say t prop] names are to be exclud$ f gramm>2 b ,i w\ld %[ :]e9 consi/s ! sup]iority ( g5]al t]ms ov] ^!4 ,= if our common words did n diff] ess5tially f prop] names1 we c\ld demon/rate no?+ 9 sci5ce3 we c\ld n frame f !m any g5]al or affirmative proposition at all2 because all our t]ms w\ld be p>ticul>1 & n g5]al2 & because e individual ?+ 9 nature mu/ necess>ily be = ev] itself only1 & n an o!r4 ,,obs4 #b4--,our common words1 !n1 are ! symbols nei!r ( ext]nal p>ticul>s1 nor m]ely ( ! s5sible ideas :i* ext]nal p>ticul>s excite 9 our m9ds1 b ma9ly ( ^? g5]al or univ]sal ideas :i* belong r to ! intellect ?an to ! s5ses4 ,= intellection diff]s f s5sation1 some:at z ! und]/&+ ( a man diff]s f ! p]ceptive faculty ( a brute2 & language1 be+ fram$ = ! reciprocal comm]ce ( human m9ds1 ^: p]ceptions include bo?1 is made to consi/ ( signs ( ideas bo? g5]al & p>ticul>1 yet )\t plac+ !m on equal gr\nd4 ,our g5]al ideas--t is1 our ideas conceiv$ z common to _m individuals1 exi/+ 9 any "p ( "t1 pa/1 pres5t1 or future--su*1 = example1 z belong to ! words man1 horse1 tree1 c$>1 wave1 motion1 /r5g?1 resi/--su* ideas1 ,i say1 con/itute t mo/ excell5t significance :i* belongs to words prim>ily1 ess5tially1 & imm$iately2 :]eas1 our p>ticul> ideas1 su* z are conceiv$ only ( individual objects1 :i* arc inf9ite 9 numb] & ev] fleet+1 con/itute a significance :i* belongs to language only second>ily1 accid5tally1 & m$iately4 ,if we express ! latt] at all1 we d x ei!r by prop] names1 ( :i* b v few ev] become g5]ally kn[n1 or by means ( c]ta9 *angeable limitations :i* are add$ to our g5]al t]ms2 :]eby language1 z ,h>ris obs]ves1 )\t w&]+ into inf9itude1 contrives h[ to d5ote ?+s inf9ite4--,h]mes1 p4 #cde4 ,! p>ticul> mann] 9 :i* ?is is done1 ,i %all %[ h]eaft]1 9 ,etymology1 :5 ,i come to treat ( articles & def9itives4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,if we exam9e ! /ructure ( prop] names1 we %all f9d t mo/ ( !m are comp\nds1 ! p>ts ( :i* h1 9 v _m in/ances1 "s g5]al signification4 ,n[ a complete phrase commonly conveys "s p>ticul> notion or conception ( ! m9d2 b1 9 ?is case1 ! signification ( ! g5]al t]ms is re/rict$ by ! o!r words :i* are add$ to !m4 ,?us smi? is a m g5]al t]m ?an goldsmi?2 & goldsmi? is m g5]al ?an a goldsmi?2 a goldsmi?1 ?an ! goldsmi?2 ! goldsmi?1 ?an "o ,goldsmi?2 "o ,goldsmi?1 ?an ,mr4 ,goldsmi?2 ,mr4 ,goldsmi?1 ?an ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4 ,?us we see t ! simple/ mode ( designat+ p>ticul> p]sons or objects1 is t ( giv+ !m prop] names2 b prop] names mu/ ne$s be s writt51 t !y may be kn[n z prop] names1 & n be mi/ak5 = common t]ms4 ,i h be=e obs]v$1 t we h "s names :i* are bo? prop] & common2 & t ^! %\ld be writt5 ) capitals1 & %\ld =m ! plural regul>ly4 ,x is surpris+ t ! ,fri5ds1 :o are 9 "s respects p>ticul>ly scrupul\s ab\t language1 %\ld s g5]ally h ov]look$ ! necessity !re is1 ( comp\nd+ _! num]ical names ( ! mon?s & days1 & writ+ !m uni=mly ) capitals1 z prop] names4 ,= prop] names !y c]ta9ly are1 9 e ?+ b ! =m1 :5ev] !y are us$ )\t ! article1 & )\t ^? o!r t]ms :i* r5d] _! g5]al idea p>ticul>4 ,& ! comp\nd =m ) a capital1 is z necess>y = ,fir/day1 ,secondday1 ,?irdday1 c41 z = ,sunday1 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 c4 ,! fir/ day ( ! week1--,! sev5? day ( ! mon?1--,! second mon? ( summ]1--,! second mon? 9 ! ye>1 c41 are good ,engli% phrases1 9 :i* any comp\nd+ ( ! t]ms1 or any additional use ( capitals1 w\ld be improp]2 b1 = common use1 ^! phrases are f\nd too long & too artificial4 ,we mu/ h a less cumb]some mode ( specify+ ! mon?s ( ! ye> & ! days ( ! week4 ,:at !n8 ,%all we m]ely ?r[ away ! t]ms ( p>ticul>ity1 &1 )\t sub/itut+ 9 _! place ! =m ( prop] names1 apply g5]al t]ms to p>ticul> ?\ghts1 & insi/ on x t ?is is "r8 ,& is n ?is precisely :at is done by ^? :o reject z hea!ni% ! ord9>y names ( ! mon?s & days1 & write fir/ day1 = ,sunday1 9 /ead ( ! fir/ day ( ! week2 or second mon?1 = ,febru>y1 9 /ead ( ! second mon? 9 ! ye>2 & s =?8 ,?is phraseology may p]haps be well und]/ood by ^? to :om x is famili>1 b /ill x is an abuse ( language1 because x is inconsi/5t ) ! common acceptation ( ! t]ms4 ,example3 ,! dep>ture ( a %ip w take place e six? day ) punctuality4--,philadelphia ,weekly ,mess5g]4 ,! writ] ( ?is did n mean1 e ,friday2 & x is absurd = ! ,fri5ds s to und]/& x1 or s to write1 :5 t is :at !y mean4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,9 ! ord9>y bus9ess ( life1 x is g5]ally desirable to express our mean+ z briefly z possible2 b legal phraseology is always full to ! lett]1 & (t5 r$undant4 ,h5ce a m]*ant w write1 ,nov4 #bd1 #ahcg1 or1 #aa mo4 #bd?1 #ahcg2 b a conveyanc] w h x1 ,on ! tw5ty-f\r? day ( ,novemb]1 "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & ?irty-sev52--or1 p]haps1 ,on ! tw5ty-f\r? day ( ! elev5? mon?1 9 ! ye> ( our ,"l "o ?\s& eight hundr$ & ?irty-sev54 ,accord+ly we f9d t1 9 common daily use1 all ! names ( ! mon?s1 except ,m>*1 ,may1 ,june1 & ,july1 are abbreviat$2 ?us1 ,jan41 ,feb41 ,apr41 ,aug41 ,sept41 ,oct41 ,nov41 ,dec4 ,& sometimes ev5 ! ,arabic numb] ( ! ye> is made yet %ort]2 z '#cg = #ahcg2 or #ahce-f-g1 = #ahce1 #ahcf1 & #ahcg4 ,9 l mann]1 9 con/ruct+ tables ( "t1 we sometimes d5ote ! days ( ! week by ! simple initials ( _! names2 z1 ,s4 = ,sunday1 ,m4 = ,monday1 c4 ,b1 = facility ( abbreviation1 ! num]ical names1 :e!r ( ! mon?s or ( ! days1 are p]haps /ill m conv5i5t4 ,=1 if we please1 we may put ! simple ,arabic figures = !m2 ?\gh x is bett] to add d4 = day1 & mo4 = mon?3 z1 #a d41 #b d41 #c d41 c42--#a mo41 #b mo41 #c mo41 c43--or m compactly ?us3 #a;d41 #b;d41 #c;d41 c42--#amo41 #bmo41 #cmo41 c4 ,b1 take :i* mode ( nam+ we w1 our ord9>y expression ( ^! ?+s %\ld be 9 nei!r extreme1 b %\ld avoid alike too great brevity & too great prolixity2 &1 !re=e1 x is be/ to make x a g5]al rule 9 our lit]>y compositions1 to use ! full =m ( prop] names = ! mon?s & days1 & to d5ote ! ye>s by ,arabic figures writt5 9 full4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 consid]+ ! nature ( words1 ,i 0 once a little puzzl$ ) a curi\s speculation1 if ,i may n t]m x an important inquiry1 conc]n+ ! pr9ciple ( _! id5tity4 ,we (t5 speak ( ! same words1 & ( diff]5t words2 b :]e9 does ! sam5ess or ! diff]5ce ( words consi/8 ,n 9 _! pronunciation2 = ! same ^w may be diff]5tly pron\nc$2 z1 pat'ron or pa'tron1 mat'ron or ma'tron4 ,n 9 _! or?ography2 = ! same ^w may be diff]5tly spell$2 z1 fav\r or favor1 music or musick1 connexion or connection4 ,n 9 _! =m ( pres5tation2 = ! same ^w may be ei!r spok5 or writt52 & spee* & writ+ pres5t :at we call ! same words1 9 two ways totally diff]5t4 ,n 9 _! mean+2 = ! same ^w may h diff]5t mean+s1 & diff]5t words may signify precisely ! same ?+4 ,?is sam5ess ( words1 !n1 mu/ consi/ 9 some?+ :i* is to be reconcil$ ) great div]sity4 ,yet e ^w is itself1 & n an o!r3 & e ^w mu/ necess>ily h "s prop]ty peculi> to itself1 by :i* x may be easily di/+ui%$ f e o!r4 ,7 x n s1 language w\ld be un9telligible4 ,b x is s2 &1 !re=e1 to mi/ake "o ^w = an o!r1 is univ]sally ?\ght to betray great ignorance or great neglig5ce1 ?\gh su* mi/akes are by no means ( uncommon occurr5ce4 ,b t ! "q ab\t ! id5tity ( words is n a v easy "o1 may appe> f ! fact1 t ! le>n$ (t5 disagree ab\t x 9 practice2 z :5 "o gramm>ian w h an & a to be two words1 & an o!r w affirm !m to be only diff]5t =ms ( "o & ! same ^w4 ,,obs4 #f4--,let u see1 !n1 if amid/ all ?is div]sity we c f9d t pr9ciple ( sam5ess1 by :i* a dispute ( ?is k9d ought to be settl$4 ,n[1 al?\gh diff]5t words d g5]ally diff] 9 or?ography1 9 pronunciation1 & 9 mean+1 s t an entire sam5ess implies "o or?ography1 "o pronunciation1 & "o mean+2 yet "s div]sity is all[$ 9 ea* ( ^! respects1 s t a sign diff]+ f an o!r only 9 "o1 is n !re=e a diff]5t ^w1 or a sign agree+ ) an o!r only 9 "o1 is n !re=e ! same ^w4 ,x foll[s !nce1 t ! pr9ciple ( v]bal id5tity1 ! pr9ciple :i* di/+ui%es e ^w f e o!r1 lies 9 nei!r extreme3 x lies 9 a n>r[] compass ?an 9 all ?ree1 & yet n s+ly 9 any "o1 b jo9tly 9 any two4 ,s t signs diff]+ 9 any two ( ^! *>act]i/ics ( a ^w1 are diff]5t words2 & signs agree+ 9 any two1 are ! same ^w4 ,consequ5tly1 if to any diff]5ce ei!r ( spell+ or ( s\nd we add a diff]5ce ( signification ev]ybody w imm$iately say1 t we speak or write diff]5t words1 & n ! same3 ?us de>1 belov$1 & de]1 an animal1 are two su* words z no "o w\ld ?9k to be ! same2 &1 9 l mann]1 use1 advantage1 & use1 to employ1 w readily be call$ diff]5t words4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple1 an & a are diff]5t words2 yet1 9 con=mity to old usage1 & because ! latt] is 9 fact b an abridgem5t ( ! =m]1 ,i h always treat$ !m z "o & ! same article1 ?\gh ,i h n[h]e expressly call$ !m ! same ^w4 ,b1 to e/abli% ! pr9ciple above nam$1 :i* appe>s to me ! only "o on :i* any su* "q c be resolv$1 or ! id5tity ( words be fix$ at all1 we mu/ assume t e ^w has "o "r pronunciation1 & only "o2 "o j or?ography1 & only "o2 & "s prop] signification1 :i*1 ?\gh p]haps n always ! same1 is always a "p ( its ess5ce4 ,= :5 two words ( diff]5t mean+ are spell$ or pron\nc$ alike1 n to ma9ta9 ! second po9t ( diff]5ce1 aga9/ ! d\ble or?ography or ! d\ble pronunciation ( ei!r1 is to conf\nd _! id5tity at once1 & to prove by ! rule t two diff]5t words are "o & ! same1 by fir/ absurdly mak+ !m s4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 no "p ( gramm> is usage m unsettl$ & v>iable ?an 9 t :i* relates to ! figure ( words4 ,x is a po9t ( :i* mod]n writ]s h tak5 b v little notice4 ,lily1 & o!r anci5t ,lat9 gramm>ians1 reckon$ bo? species & figure among ! grammatical accid5ts ( ne>ly all ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*2 & accord+ly notic$ !m1 9 _! ,etymology1 z ?+s wor?y to be ?us made di/9ct topics1 l numb]s1 g5d]s1 cases1 moods1 t5ses1 c4 ,b ! mann] ( comp\nd+ words 9 ,lat91 & also 9 ,greek1 is always by consolidation4 ,no use appe>s to h be5 made ( ! hyph51 9 jo9+ ! words ( ^? languages1 ?\gh ! "n ( ! m>k is a ,greek comp\nd1 mean+ "u "o4 ,! comp\nd+ ( words is "o pr9cipal means ( increas+ _! numb]2 & ! arbitr>9ess ) :i* t is done or neglect$ 9 ,engli%1 is suffici5t ( itself to make ! numb] ( our words a matt] ( great unc]ta9ty4 ,su* t]ms1 h[ev]1 hav+ ! advantage ( expla9+ !mselves 9 a mu* great] degree ?an o!rs1 h little ne$ ( def9ition2 & :5 new ?+s are =m$1 x is v natural & prop] to give !m new names ( ?is sort3 z1 /eamboat1 railroad4 ,! propriety or impropriety ( ^! additions to ! language1 is n to be det]m9$ by diction>ies2 = t mu/ be settl$ by usage be=e any lexicograph] w ins]t !m4 ,& s num]\s1 aft] all1 are ! discrepancies f\nd 9 our be/ diction>ies1 t _m a ^w may h its day & gr[ obsolete1 be=e a nation c le>n f !m ! "r way ( spell+ x2 & _m a fa%ionable ?+ may g entirely out ( use1 be=e a man c ?us det]m9e h[ to "n x4 ,railroads are ( s rec5t inv5tion t ,i f9d ! ^w 9 only "o diction>y2 & t "o is wrong1 9 giv+ ! ^w a hyph51 :ile half our pr9t]s are wrong1 9 keep+ ! words sep>ate because ,johnson did n comp\nd !m4 ,b is x n m important1 to "k :e!r we ought to write railroad1 or rail-road1 or rail road1 :i* we _c le>n f any ( our diction>ies1 ?an to f9d out :e!r we ought to write rocklo1 or roquelo1 or roquelaur1 or roquelaure1 :i*1 9 "s =m or o!r1 is f\nd 9 !m all8 ,! duke ( ,roquelaure is n[ =gott51 & 8 cloak is out ( fa%ion4 ,,obs4 #h4--,no regul> phrase1 z ,i h taught 9 ! second rule above1 %\ld be ne$lessly conv]t$ into a comp\nd ^w1 ei!r by tack+ its p>ts toge!r ) ! hyph51 or by unit+ !m )\t a hyph52 =1 9 g5]al1 a phrase is "o ?+1 & a ^w is an o!r3 & !y ought to be kept z di/9ct z possible4#aac ,b1 :5 a :ole phrase takes ! relation ( an adjective1 ! words mu/ be comp\nd$1 & ! hyph5 becomes necess>y2 z1 ,an inexpressibly apt bottle-(-small-be] comp>ison4--,pet] ,p9d>4 ,! occasions = ! comp\nd+ ( words1 are 9 g5]al suffici5tly pla91 to any "o :o kn[s :at is int5d$ to be said2 b1 z we comp\nd words1 sometimes ) ! hyph51 & sometimes )\t1 !re is no small difficulty 9 asc]ta9+ :5 to use ?is m>k1 & :5 to omit x4 ,"s settl$ rule = ! use ( ! hyph5 on ^! occasions1 is mu* want$4 ,mod]n pr9t]s h a /range pr$ilection = x2 us+ x on almo/ e possible occasion4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,murray1 :o has only ?ree l9es on ! subject1 seems incl9$ to c\nt5ance ?is practice2 :i* is1 no d\bt1 conv5i5t en\gh = ^? :o d n l tr\ble4 ,8 words are3 ',a ,hyph51 m>k$ ?us - is employ$ 9 connect+ comp\nd$ words3 z1 ,lap-dog1 tea-pot1 pre-exi/5ce1 self-love1 to-morr[1 "m-9-law4' ,( 8 six examples1 ,johnson1 our only ackn[l$g$ /&>d1 gives ! fir/ & ?ird )\t any sep>ation betwe5 ! syllables1 lapdog1 preexi/5ce2 8 second & fif? z two di/9ct words ea*1 tea pot1 to morr[2 & 8 six? z ?ree words1 "m 9 law3 s t only 8 f\r? has ! sanction ( ! lexicograph]4 ,!re c]ta9ly c be no m reason = putt+ a hyph5 aft] ! common prefixes1 ?an be=e ! common affixes1 ness1 ly1 & ! re/4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cgd4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,aga93 ,:ile x w\ld be absurd1 to sacrifice ! e/abli%$ practice ( all good au?ors to ! ignorance ( su* read]s z c\ld possibly mi/ake = a diph?ong ! two contigu\s v[els 9 su* words z preexi/5ce1 coop]ate1 & re5t]2 x w\ld unque/ionably be advantage\s1 to h "s pr9ciple to guide u 9 t labyr9? ( words1 9 :i* ! hyph5 appe>s to h be5 admitt$ or reject$ arbitr>ily1 or at hap-haz>d4 ,?us1 ?\gh we f9d 9 ,johnson1 alms-basket1 alms-giv]1 ) ! hyph52 we h almsde$1 alm%\se1 almsman1 )\t3 & _m simil> examples ( an unsettl$ practice might be adduc$1 suffici5t to fill sev]al pages4 ,9 ?is p]plexity1 is n ! pronunciation ( ! words ! be/ guide8 ,9 ! ,engli% language1 e ^w ( m ?an "o syllable is m>k$ by an acc5t on "s p>ticul> syllable4 ,"s v long words inde$ admit a second>y acc5t on ano!r syllable2 b /ill ?is is mu* inf]ior1 & leaves "o lead+ acc5t prom95t3 z 9 expos'tulatory4 ,accord+ly1 :5 a comp\nd has b "o acc5t$ syllable 9 pronunciation1 z night'cap1 b$'/ead1 broad'sword1 ! two words h coalesc$ completely into "o1 & no hyph5 %\ld be admitt$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ea* ( ! radical words has an acc5t1 z ,*ris'tian-"n'1 broad'-%\l'd]$1 ,i ?9k ! hyph5 %\ld be us$4 ,good'-na'tur$ is a comp\nd epi!t ) two acc5ts1 & !re=e requires ! hyph53 9 good nature1 good w1 & simil> expressions1 good is us$ simply z an adjective1 & ( c\rse %\ld rema9 di/9ct f ! n\n4 ,?us1 too1 :5 a n\n is us$ adjectively1 x %\ld rema9 sep>ate f ! n\n x modifies2 z1 a gold r+1 a silv] buckle4 ,:5 two num]als are employ$ to express a numb]1 )\t a conjunction betwe5 !m1 x is usual to connect !m by a hyph52 z1 tw5ty-five1 eighty-f\r3 b :5 ! conjunction is ins]t$1 ! hyph5 is z improp] z x w\ld be betwe5 o!r words connect$ by ! conjunction4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a common abuse2 & we (t5 meet ) five--tw5ty1 six--?irty1 & ! l4--,ib41 p4 #cgf4 ,?us f> ,*ur*ill3 :o appe>s to me1 h[ev]1 too ha/y ab\t ! hyph5 9 comp\nd num]als4 ,= we write "o hundr$1 two hundr$1 ?ree ?\s&1 c41 )\t ei!r hyph5 or conjunction2 & z five-&-tw5ty is equival5t to tw5ty-five1 & virtually b "o ^w1 ! hyph51 if n absolutely necess>y to ! s5se1 is c]ta9ly n s v improp] z he alleges4 ,*ri/ian "n is z (t5 writt5 )\t ! hyph5 z ) x1 & p]haps z accurately4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,9 ,,! ,,figure1 ,,or ,,=m1 ,,( ,,words4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,comp\nds4 ,pr(ess+ to imitate ,timon1 ! man hat]4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #afa4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! comp\nd t]m manhat] is "h made two words4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 ,words regul>ly or analogically unit$1 & commonly kn[n z =m+ a comp\nd1 %\ld nev] be ne$lessly brok5 ap>t4 ,!re=e1 manhat] %\ld be writt5 z "o ^w4 ,m5 load hay ) a pit* =k4--,web/]'s ,new ,spell+-,book1 p4 #dj4 ,a pe> tree gr[s f ! se$ ( a pe>4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,a too? bru% is good to bru% y\r tee?4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,! mail is op5$ at ! po/ (fice4--,ib41 p4 #aea4 ,! error seems to me two fold4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bcj4 ,to pre-engage means to engage be=e h&4--,web/]'s ,new ,spell+-,book1 p4 #hb4 ,x is a mean act to deface ! figures on a mile /one4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,a grange is a f>m & f>m h\se4--,ib41 p4 #aah4 ,x is no m "r to /eal apples or wat] melons1 ?an money4--,ib41 p4 #aah4 ,! awl is a tool us$ by %oemak]s1 & h>ness mak]s4--,ib41 p4 #aej4 ,tw5ty five c5ts are equal to "o qu>t] ( a doll>4--,ib41 p4 #ajg4 ,! bl[+ up ( ! ,fulton at ,new ,york 0 a t]rible disa/]4--,ib41 p4 #ed4 ,! eld]s also1 & ! br+]s up ( ! *ildr51 s5t to ,jehu4--,,scott3 #b ,k+s1 x1 #e4 ,n ) eye s]vice1 z m5 pleas]s4--,bick]/e?1 on ,pray]1 p4 #fd4 ,a good natur$ & equitable con/ruction ( cases4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ach4 ,& purify y\r he>ts1 ye d\ble m9d$4--,gurney's ,portable ,evid5ces1 p4 #aae4 ,x is a mean spirit$ action to /eal2 i4 e4 to /eal is a mean spirit$ action4--,gramm> ( ,alex4 ,murray1 ! s*oolma/]1 p4 #abd4 ,!re is1 inde$1 "o =m ( or?ography :i* is a k9 to ! subjunctive mood ( ! ,lat9 tongue4--,boo?'s ,introd4 to ,dict41 p4 #ga4 ,to br+ him into ne>] connexion ) real & ev]yday life4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dei4 ,! common place1 /ale declamation ( its revil]s w\ld be sil5c$4--,ib41 i1 #did4 ,%e =m$ a v s+ul> & unhe>d ( project4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #afj4 ,he _h _m vigilant1 ?\gh feeble tal5t$1 & mean spirit$ enemies4--,,rob]ts ,,vaux3 ,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #gd4 ,^! old fa%ion$ p w\ld level our psalmody1 c4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bib4 ,?is sl[ %ift+ sc5]y 9 ! !atre ( h>mony4--,ib41 p4 #cih4 ,s we are assur$ f ,scripture x self4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #cjj4 ,! m9d1 be+ di%e>t5$1 !n betakes its self to trifl+4--,r4 ,johnson's ,pref4 to ,gram4 ,com4 ,^: soev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$ unto !m4--,beacon1 p4 #aae3 ,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds3 ,john1 xx1 #bc4 ,t>ry we our selves h[ we w4--,walk]'s ,engli% ,p>ticles1 p4 #afa4 ,manage y\r cr$it s1 t y ne$ nei!r swe> y\r self1 nor want a v\*]4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #cc4 ,:]eas song nev] conveys any ( ! above nam$ s5tim5ts4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #dbd4 ,i g on horse back4--,guy's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,?is requires purity1 9 opposition to b>b>\s1 obsolete1 or new co9$ words4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bdb2 ,g\ld's1 #bcd4 ,may ! ,pl\gh %>e %9e4--,:ite's ,eng4 ,v]b1 p4 #afa4 ,:i* way ev] we consid] x4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #hc4 ,:]e e'er ! sil5t 7e7 a ,place obta9s1 ,! ,voice =ego+1 ,l5g? & s(tness ga9s4 --,brightl&'s ,gr41 p4 #ae4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,simples4 ,x qualifies any ( ! f\r p>ts ( spee* abov5am$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because abov5am$ is "h unnecess>ily made a comp\nd4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 ,:5 ! simple words w\ld only =m a regul> phrase1 ( ! same mean+1 ! comp\nd+ ( any ( !m ought to be avoid$4 ,!re=e1 above & nam$ %\ld "h h be5 writt5 z two words4 ,aft] a:ile !y put u out among ! rude multitude4--,fox's ,j\rnal4 ,vol4 i1 p4 #afi4 ,x w\ld be a%ame1 if y\r m9d %\ld falt] & give 94--,colli]'s ,m$itations ( ,anton9us1 p4 #id4 ,!y />$ a:ile 9 sil5ce "o ^u ano!r4--,rasselas1 p4 #gc4 ,aft] passion has = a:ile ex]cis$ its tyrannical sway4--,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #ace & #bfg4 ,?\gh set )9 ! same g5]al-frame ( intonation4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #cci4 ,:i* d n c>ry any ( ! natural vocal-signs ( expression4--,ib41 p4 #cbi4 ,! measurable con/ructive-p[]s ( a few associable con/itu5ts4--,ib41 p4 #cdc4 ,be=e ea* acc5t$ syllable or emphatic monosyllabic-^w4--,ib41 p4 #cfd4 ,"o %\ld n ?9k too fav\rably ( oneself4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aed4 ,"k ye n y\r ownselves1 h[ t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cee4 ,i judge n my ownself1 = ,i "k no?+ ( my ownself4-- ,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #hd4 ,?\gh !y 7 9 su* a rage1 ,i desir$ !m to t>ry a:ile4--,josephus1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #agi4 ,a in/ead ( an is n[ us$ be=e words beg9n+ ) a long4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,john w h e>n$ 8 wages ! next new-ye>'s day4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,a new-ye>'s-gift is a pres5t made on ! fir/ day ( ! ye>4--,see ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,web/]1 et al4 ,:5 he sat on ! ?rone1 di/ribut+ new-ye>'s-gifts4--,,/ill+fleet1 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,/4 ,paul admoni%es ,timo?y to refuse old-wives'- fables4--,au?or4 ,! _w1 take x altoge!r1 is b "o4-- ,colli]'s ,anton9us1 ,b4 vii1 ,sec4 #i4 ,9 writ+s ( ?is /amp we mu/ accept ( s\nd in/ead ( s5se4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bih4 ,a male-*ild1 ,a female-*ild1 ,male-desc5dants1 ,female-desc5dants4-- ,goldsbury's ,c4 ,s4 ,gram41 p4 #ac2 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,male-s]vants1 ,female-s]vants4 ,male-relations1 ,female-relations4-- ,felton's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,res]v$ & cauti\s1 ) no p>tial aim1 ,my muse e'er s\ght to bla/ ano!r's fame4--,lloyd1 p4 #afb4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,! ,,s5se4 ,our discrim9ations ( ?is matt] h be5 b f\r foot$ in/9cts4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #bia4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! t]m f\r foot$ is made two words1 z if ! in/9cts 7 f\r & foot$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 ,words o!rwise liable to be misund]/ood1 mu/ be jo9$ toge!r1 or writt5 sep>ately1 z ! s5se & con/ruction may happ5 to require4 ,!re=e1 f\r-foot$1 z x "h means quadrup$1 or hav+ f\r feet1 %\ld be "o ^w4 ,he is 9 ! "r1 7says ,clytus17 n to be> free born m5 at 8 table4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #abh4 ,to ! %ort see+ eye ( man1 ! progress may appe> little4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #cgg4 ,k & virtue are1 emphatically1 ! /epp+ /one to individual di/9ction4--,t[n's ,analysis1 p4 #e4 ,a t9 p$dl] w sell t9 vessels z he travels4--,web/]'s ,new ,spell+-,book1 p4 #dd4 ,! beams ( a wood-h\se are held up by ! po/s & joi/s4--,ib41 p4 #ci4 ,:at y mean by future t5se adjective1 ,i c easily und]/&4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dej4 ,! t[n has be5 = sev]al days v well behav$4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ecb4 ,a r\nce is ! h&le ( a pr9t+ press4--,web/]'s' ,dict42 also ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aah4 ,! phraseology we call !e & ?\+ is n 9 s common use ) u1 z ! tutoyant among ! ,fr5*4--,walk]'s ,dict41 w4 ,?y4 ,hunt+1 & o!r out door sports1 are g5]ally pursu$4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bbg4 ,come unto me1 all ye t lab\r & are heavy lad54--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds3 ,matt41 xi1 #bh4 ,god s lov$ ! _w1 t he gave 8 only begott5 ,son to save x4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 p4 #ga4 ,see ,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,john1 iii1 #af4 ,jehovah is a pray] he>+ ,god3 ,n9eveh rep5t$1 & 0 sp>$4--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]1 ,vol4 x1 p4 #ij4 ,^! are well pleas+ to ,god1 9 all ranks & relations4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #gc4 ,:osoev] come? any ?+ ne> unto ! tab]nacle4--,numb41 xvii1 #ac4 ,! words coalesce1 :5 !y h a long e/abli%$ association4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afi4 ,op5 to me ! gates ( righte\sness3 ,i w g 9 to !m4--,,old ,,bible3 ,ps41 cxviii1 #ai4 ,he saw an angel ( ,god com+ into him4--,see ,acts1 x1 #c4 ,! consequ5ces ( any action are to be consid]$ 9 a two fold light4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #ajh4 ,we commonly write two fold1 ?ree fold1 f\r fold1 & s on up to t5 fold1 )\t a hyph52 &1 aft] t1 we use "o4--,au?or4 ,see ,matt41 xiii1 #h4 ,:5 ! fir/ m>k is go+ (f1 he cries turn6 ! glass hold] answ]s done6--,b[dit*'s ,nav41 p4 #abh4 ,x is a k9d ( famili> %ak+ h&s ) all ! vices4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #agj4 ,%e is a good natur$ woman2 ,james is self op9ionat$2 ,he is brok5 he>t$4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #adg4 ,^! ?ree examples apply to ! pres5t t5se con/ruction only4--,ib41 p4 #fe4 ,s t x 0 l a game ( hide & g seek4--,edw>d's ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,gramm>1 p4 #ij4 ,t l[l9ess is "y ambition's ladd]1 ,:]eto ! climb] upw>d turns 8 face4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4--,,( ,,ellipses4 ,?is build+ s]ves yet = a s*ool & a meet+-h\se4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! comp\nd ^w s*oolh\se is "h divid$ to avoid a repetition ( ! la/ half4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 ,:5 two or m comp\nds are connect$ 9 "o s5t5ce1 none ( !m %\ld be split to make an ellipsis ( half a ^w4 ,!re=e1 s*ool %\ld be s*oolh\se2 ?us1 ,?is build+ s]ves yet = a s*oolh\se & a meet+-h\se4 ,s*oolma/]s & mi/resses ( hone/ fri5ds are to be enc\rag$4--,n4 ,e4 ,discipl9e1 p4 xv4 ,we nev] assum$ to ourselves a fai? or wor%ip-mak+-p[]4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hc4 ,pot & pe>l a%es are made f common a%es4--,web/]'s ,new ,spell+-,book1 p4 #fi4 ,bo? ! t5 & eight syllable v]ses are iambics4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aba4 ,i say to myself1 ?\1 he says to ?y1 to 8 self2 c4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ,vol4 ii p4 #aba4 ,or ^? :o h e/eem$ !mselves skilful1 h tri$ = ! ma/]y 9 two or f\r horse *>iots4--,z5obia1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aeb4 ,i rememb] him b>efoot$ & head$1 runn+ ?r\gh ! /reets4--,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #fh4 ,fri5ds h ! entire control ( ! s*ool & dwell+-h\ses4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #bca4 ,! meet+ is held at ! fir/ m5tion$ place 9 ! fir/ mon?1 at ! la/ 9 ! second1 & s on4--,ib41 p4 #afg4 ,meet+s = wor%ip are held at ! same h\r on fir/ & f\r? days4--,ib41 p4 #bcj4 ,e "p ( x1 inside & out1 is cov]$ ) gold leaf4--,ib41 p4 #djd4 ,! ,ea/]n ,qu>t]ly ,meet+ is held on ! la/ sev5? day 9 second1 fif?1 eigh?1 & elev5? mon?4--,ib41 p4 #hg4 ,tr5ton ,prep>ative ,meet+ is held on ! ?ird fif? day 9 ea* mon?1 at t5 o'clock2 meet+s = wor%ip at ! same h\r on fir/ & fif? days4--,ib41 p4 #bca4 ,ket*1 a vessel ) two ma/s1 a ma9 & mizz5-ma/4--,web/]'s ,dict41 ,i only mean to sugge/ a d\bt1 :e!r nature has enli/$ h]self z a ,cis or ,trans-,atlantic p>tisan8-- ,jeff]son's ,notes1 p4 #ig4 ,by l>ge hamm]s1 l ^? us$ = pap] & full+mills1 !y beat _! hemp4--,,mortim]3 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,ant-hill1 or ,hillock1 n4 s4 ,! small protub]ances ( e>?1 9 :i* ants make _! ne/s4--,ib4 ,x became necess>y to sub/itute simple indicative t]ms call$ pro-names or n\ns4--,enclytica1 p4 #af4 ,obscur'd1 :]e highe/ woods1 imp5etrable ,to /> or sun-light1 spread _! umbrage broad4--,milton4 ,,"u ,,rule ,v4--,,! ,,hyph54 ,evil?9k+2 a n\n1 comp\nd$ ( ! n\n evil & ! imp]fect p>ticiple ?9k+2 s+ul> numb]2 c4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ahj4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! ^w evil?9k+1 :i* has m ?an "o acc5t$ syllable1 is "h comp\nd$ )\t ! hyph54 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 ,:5 ! p>ts ( a comp\nd d n fully coalesce1 or :5 ea* reta9s its orig9al acc5t1 s t ! comp\nd has m ?an "o1 or "o t is movable1 ! hyph5 %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 !m4 ,!re=e1 ! hyph5 %\ld be us$ 9 ?is ^w2 ?us1 evil-?9k+4 ,evilspeak+2 a n\n1 comp\nd$ ( ! n\n evil & ! imp]fect p>ticiple speak+4--,ib4 ,i am a tall1 broad%\ld]$1 impud5t1 black fell[4--,,spectator3 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,+ratitude6 ?\ m>blehe>t$ fi5d4--,,%ak43 ib4 ,a popul> lic5ce is inde$ ! manyhead$ tyranny4--,,sidney3 ib4 ,he f ! manypeopl$ city flies4--,,s&ys3 ib4 ,he manylanguag$ nations has survey$4--,,pope3 ib4 ,! horsecucumb] is ! l>ge gre5 cucumb]1 & ! be/ = ! table4--,,mortim]3 ib4 ,! bird ( night did sit1 ev5 at noonday1 ^u ! m>ket-place4--,,%ak43 ib4 ,^! make a g5]al gaoldeliv]y ( s\ls1 n = puni%m5t4--,,s\?3 ib4 ,?y air1 ?\ o!r goldb\nd br[1 is l ! fir/4--,,%ak43 ib4 ,8 p]son 0 de=m$ to ! highe/ degree2 flatnos$1 & blobb]lipp$4--,l',,e/range3 ib4 ,he t defraude? ! lab\r] ( 8 hire1 is a blood%$d]4--,,ecclus41 xxxiv1 #bb3 ib4 ,bloodym9d$1 adj4 f bloody & m9d4 ,cruel2 incl9$ to blood-%$4--,see ,johnson's ,dict4 ,bluntwitt$ "l1 ignoble 9 demean\r4--,,%ak43 ib4 ,a "y fell[ ) a bobwig & a black silk5 bag ti$ to x4--,,spectator3 ib4 ,i h se5 en\gh to confute all ! boldfac$ a!i/s ( ?is age4--,,bramhall3 ib4 ,be=e milk:ite1 n[ purple ) love's w\nd4--,,%ak3 ib4 ,= :at else is a r$hot iron ?an fire8 & :at else is a burn+ coal ?an r$hot wood8--,,newton3 ib4 ,pollevil is a l>ge swell+1 inflammation1 or impo/hume 9 ! horse's poll1 or nape ( ! neck j betwe5 ! e>s4--,,f>ri]3 ib4 ,quick-witt$1 braz5fac'd1 ) flu5t tongues1 ,pati5t ( lab\rs1 & dissembl+ wrongs4--,,dryd53 ib4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4--,,no ,,hyph54 ,f 8 fond p>5t's eye a te>-drop fell4--,snell+'s ,gift = ,scribbl]s1 p4 #dc4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! ^w te>-drop1 :i* has nev] any o!r ?an a full acc5t on ! fir/ syllable1 is "h comp\nd$ ) ! hyph54 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #f?1 ,:5 a comp\nd has b "o acc5t$ syllable 9 pronunciation1 & ! p>ts are su* z admit ( a complete coalesc5ce1 no hyph5 %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 !m4 ,!re=e1 te>drop %\ld be made a close comp\nd4 ,h[ great1 poor jack-daw1 w\ld ?y suff]+s be6--,ib41 p4 #bi4 ,plac$ l a sc>e-cr[ 9 a field ( corn4--,ib41 p4 #ci4 ,s\p = ! alms-h\se at a c5t a qu>t4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,up into ! wat*-t[] get1 & see all ?+s despoil$ ( fallacies4--,,donne3 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,lattice4 ,9 ! day-"t %e sitte? 9 a wat*t[]1 & flie? mo/ by night4--,,bacon3 ib41 w4 ,wat*t[]4 ,9 ! daytime ,fame sitte? 9 a wat*-t[]1 & flie? mo/ by night4--,,id43 ib41 w4 ,daytime4 ,! moral is ! fir/ bus9ess ( ! poet1 z be+ ! gr\nd-"w ( 8 in/ruction4--,,dryd53 ib41 w4 ,moral4 ,madam's own h& ! m\se-trap bait$4--,,prior3 ib41 w4 ,m\se-trap4 ,by ! s9k+ ( ! air-%aft ! air ha? lib]ty to circulate4--,,ray3 ib41 w4 ,air%aft4 ,! multi=m & amaz+ op]ations ( ! air-pump & ! load/one4--,,watts3 ib41 w4 ,multi=m4 ,_m ( ! fire-arms are nam$ f animals4--,ib41 w4 ,musket4 ,y might h truss$ him & all 8 app>el into an eel-sk94--,,%ak43 ib41 w4 ,truss4 ,!y may s]ve z l&-m>ks to %ew :at lies 9 ! direct way ( tru?4--,,locke3 ib41 w4 ,l&m>k4 ,a pack-horse is driv5 con/antly 9 a n>r[ lane & dirty road4--,id4 ib41 w4 ,lane4 ,a mill-horse1 /ill b\nd to g 9 "o circle4--,,sidney3 ib41 w4 ,mill-horse4 ,( s++ birds !y h l9nets1 goldf9*es1 ruddocks1 ,can>y-birds1 black-birds1 ?ru%es1 & div]s o!rs4--,,c>ew3 ib41 w4 ,goldf9*4 ,( s++ birds1 !y h l9nets1 gold-f9*es1 blackbirds1 ?ru%es1 & div]s o!rs4--,,id43 ib41 w4 ,blackbird4 ,( s++ birds1 !y h l9nets1 gold-f9*es1 ruddocks1 can>y birds1 blackbirds1 ?ru%es1 & div]s o!r4--,,id43 ib41 w4 ,can>y bird4 ,c>trage1 or ,c>tridge1 a case ( pap] or p>*m5t fill$ ) gun-p[d]4--,johnson's ,dict41 #dto4 ,deep night1 d>k night1 ! sil5t ( ! night1 ,! "t ( night :5 ,troy 0 set on fire1 ,! tune :5 scree*-owls cry1 & ban-dogs h[l4 ,,%akspe>e3 ib41 w4 ,sil5t4 ,! "t :5 scree*-owls cry1 & b&ogs h[l4 ,,idem43 ib41 w4 ,b&og4 ,,promiscu\s ,,errors ,,9 ,,! ,,figure ,,( ,,words4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,mix$4 ,!y t live 9 glass-h\ses1 %\ld n ?r[ /ones4--,old ,adage4 ,if a man pr(ess ,*ri/ianity 9 any mann] or =m soev]4--,watts1 p4 #e4 ,= ,cassius is a we>y ( ! _w4--,,%akspe>e3 9 ,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #fg4 ,by ! com+ toge!r ( m1 ! *a9s 7 fa/5$ on4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bbc4 ,unto ! c>ry+ away ( ,j]usalem captive 9 ! fif? mon?4--,j]41 i1 #c4 ,& ! go+s =? ( ! bord] %all be to ,z$ad4--,numb]s1 xxxiv1 #h4 ,& ! go+s out ( x %all be at ,haz>-enan4--,ib41 v]4 #i4 ,= ! tak+ place ( effects1 9 a c]ta9 p>ticul> s]ies4--,dr4 ,we/1 on ,ag5cy1 p4 #ci4 ,! lett+ g ( :i* 0 ! occasion ( all t corruption4--,dr4 ,j4 ,ow54 ,a fall+ (f at ! end always hurts greatly4--,blair's ,lect41 p4 #abf4 ,a fall+ (f at ! end is always injuri\s4--,jamieson's ,rhetoric1 p4 #abg4 ,z all hold+s =? 7 c\rte\sly suppos$ to be tra9s ( reason+4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ccc4 ,^: go+s =? h be5 f ( old1 f ev]la/+4-- ,micah1 v1 #b4 ,"s times ! adjective becomes a sub/antive4-- ,bradley's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,x is v pla91 ,i consid] man z visit$ a new4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #cca4 ,nor d ,i any :]e say1 z he falsely ins9uates4--,ib41 p4 #cca4 ,e :]e1 any :]e1 "s :]e1 no :]e4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,! _w hurries (f a pace1 & "t is l a rapid riv]4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #eh4 ,b to n[ model ! p>adoxes ( anci5t skepticism4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ajb4 ,! s\? ea/ w9ds f ! ocean inv>iably produce ra94--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cfi4 ,nor? we/ w9ds f ! high l&s produce cold cle> wea!r4--,ib4 ,! greate/ "p ( su* tables w\ld be ( little use to ,engli% m54--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,! gr\nd floor ( ! ea/ w+ ( ,mulb]ry /reet meet+ h\se 0 fill$4--,! ,fri5d1 vii1 #bcb4 ,pr9ce ,rup]t's ,drop4 ,?is s+ul> production is made at ! glass h\ses4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #aca4 ,! lights & %ades1 ^: well accord$ /rife ,gives all ! /r5g? & col\r ( our life4 --,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ed2 ,fisk's1 #fe4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$4 ,9 ! tw5ty & sev5? ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah did ,zimri reign sev5 days 9 ,tirzah4--#a ,k+s1 xvi1 #ae4 ,9 ! ?irty & fir/ ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah1 began ,omri to reign ov] ,israel4--,ib41 xvi1 #bc4 ,he _c s deceive himself z to fancy t he is able to d a rule ( ?ree sum4--,=eign ,qu>t]ly ,review4 ,! be/ cod are ^? kn[n "u ! "n ( ,isle ( ,%oals dun fi%4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bf4 ,! soldi]s1 ) d[n ca/ eyes1 seem$ to beg = m]cy4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #adb4 ,8 head 0 cov]$ ) a co>se worn out piece ( clo?4--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,?\gh !y _h lately receiv$ a re9=cem5t ( a ?\s& heavy arm$ ,sp>tans4--,ib41 p4 #ch4 ,b he laid !m by unop5$2 &1 ) a smile1 said1 ',bus9ess to morr[4'--,ib41 p4 #g4 ,*e/] mon?ly meet+ is held at ,moore's t[n1 ! ?ird day foll[+ ! second second day4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #abd4 ,eggh>b\r mon?ly meet+ is held ! fir/ second day4--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,little ,egg ,h>b\r ,mon?ly ,meet+ is held at ,tuck]ton on ! second fif? day 9 ea* mon?4--,ib41 p4 #bca4 ,at ?ree o'clock1 on fir/ day morn+ ! #bd? ( elev5? mon?1 #ahcd1 c4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,9 less ?an "o-f\r? "p ( ! "t usually devot$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,! pupil w n h occasion to use x "o-t5? "p z mu*4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,! pa9t] dips 8 pa9t bru% 9 pa9t1 to pa9t ! c>riage4--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,9 an anci5t ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,new-,te/am5t4--,ib41 p4 #gd4 ,! little boy 0 b>e head$4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #cf4 ,! man1 be+ a little %ort sight$1 did n imm$iately "k him4--,ib41 p4 #dj4 ,picture frames are gilt ) gold4--,ib41 p4 #dd4 ,! p>k keep] kill$ "o ( ! de]4--,ib41 p4 #dd4 ,! fox 0 kill$ ne> ! brick kiln4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,"h comes ,e/h]1 ) h] milk pail4--,ib41 p4 #ej4 ,! cab9et mak] w\ld n tell u4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,a f9e ?orn h$ge ext5d$ along ! edge ( ! hill4--,ib41 p4 #fe4 ,if _! private int]e/s %\ld be ev] s little affect$4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,unios are fre% wat] %ells1 vulg>ly call$ fre% wat] clams4--,ib41 p4 #ajb4 ,did n ea* poet m\rn 8 luckless doom1 ,jo/l$ by p$ants out ( elb[ room4--,lloyd1 p4 #afc4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,! captive hov]s a-:ile ^u ! sad rema9s4--,,prior3 9 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,hov]4 ,con/antia saw t ! h& writ+ agre$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! lett]4--,,addison3 ib41 w4 ,h&4 ,!y h put me 9 a silk night-g[n1 & a gaudy fool's cap4--,,id43 ib41 w4 ,nightg[n4 ,h y no m mann]s ?an to rail at ,hocus1 t has sav$ t clod-pat$1 numskull'd n9nyhamm] ( y\rs f ru91 & all 8 family8--,,arbu?not3 ib41 w4 ,n9nyhamm]4 ,a noble1 t is1 six1 %ill+s & eightp5ce1 is1 & usually ha? be5 paid4--,,bacon3 ib41 w4 ,noble4 ,! k+ ( birds ?ick fea!r'd & ) full-summ$ w+s1 fa/5$ 8 talons ea/ & we/4--,,h[ell3 ib41 w4 ,full-summ$4 ,to morr[4 ,?is is an idiom ( ! same k9d1 suppos+ morr[ to mean orig9ally morn+3 z1 to night1 to day4--,johnson's ,dict41 #dto4 ,to-day goes away & to-morr[ comes4--,id41 ib41 w4 ,g1 ,no4 #gj4 ,"y *ildr51 :o are try'd 9 ,g c>ts1 to keep _! /eps f slid+4--,,prior3 ib41 w4 ,g-c>t4 ,:i*1 foll[$ well1 w\ld demon/rate !m b go]s backw>d4--,,%ak43 ib41 w4 ,go]4 ,heav5's gold5 w+$ h]ald late he saw1 to a poor ,galilean virg9 s5t4--,,cra%aw3 ib41 w4 ,gold54 ,my p5?\se eye-br[s & my %aggy be>d (f5d y\r sight4--,,dryd53 ib41 w4 ,p5?\se4 ,! hungry lion w\ld fa9 h be5 deal+ ) good horse-fle%4-- ,l',,e/range3 ib41 w4 ,nag4 ,a broad brimm$ hat ensconc$ ea* c>eful head4--,snell+'s ,gift1 p4 #fc4 ,) h>% vibrations ( 8 ?ree /r+$ lute4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,!y magnify a hundr$ fold an au?or's m]it4--,ib41 p4 #ad4 ,i'll nail !m fa/ to "s (t op5$ door4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,gloss$ ov] only ) a sa9t-l %[1 /ill ?\ art b\nd to vice4--,,dryd53 9 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,gloss4 ,take ( aqua-=tis two ounces1 ( quick-silv] two dra*ms4--,,bacon3 ib41 w4 ,*>ge4 ,?is ra9b[ nev] appe>s b :5 x ra9s 9 ! sun-%9e4--,,newton3 ib41 w4 ,ra9b[4 ,n b !re are1 :o m]it o!r palms2 ,hopk9s & ,/]n hold glad ! he>t ) ,psalms4 ,briti% ,poets1 ,lond41 #ahjj1 ,vol4 vi1 p4 #dje4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,( ,,spell+4 ,spell+ is ! art ( express+ words by _! prop] lett]s4 ,?is important art is to be acquir$ r by means ( ! spell+-book or diction>y1 & by obs]vation 9 read+1 ?an by ! /udy ( writt5 rules2 because :at is prop] or improp]1 dep5ds *iefly ^u usage4 ,! or?ography ( our language is att5d$ ) mu* unc]ta9ty & p]plexity3 _m words are v>i\sly spell$ by ! be/ s*ol>s1 & _m o!rs are n usually writt5 accord+ to ! analogy ( simil> words4 ,b to be ignorant ( ! or?ography ( su* words z are spell$ ) uni=mity1 & frequ5tly us$1 is ju/ly consid]$ disgraceful4 ,! foll[+ rules may prev5t "s emb>rassm5t1 & ?us be ( s]vice to ^? :o wi% to be accurate4 ,,rules ,,= ,,spell+4 ,,rule ,i4--,,f9al ,f1 ,l1 ,,or ,s4 ,monosyllables end+ 9 f1 l1 or s1 prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 d\ble ! f9al consonant2 z /aff1 mill1 pass--muff1 knell1 gloss--(f1 hiss1 puss4 ,,exceptions4--,! words clef1 if1 & (1 are writt5 ) s+le f2 & z1 gas1 has1 01 yes1 81 is1 ?is1 u1 pus1 & ?us1 ) s+le s4 ,s bul1 = ! fl\nd]2 nul1 = no1 9 law2 sol1 = s\ or sun2 & sal1 = salt1 9 *emi/ry1 h b ! s+le l4 ,,obs4--,because sal1 salis1 9 ,lat91 d\bles n ! l1 ! *emi/s write salify1 salifiable1 salification1 salif]\s1 sal9e1 sal9\s1 sal9i=m1 salify+1 c41 ) s+le l1 contr>y to ,rule #c;d4 ,b 9 gas !y ought to d\ble ! s2 = ?is is a ^w ( _! own inv5t+4 ,nei!r h !y any plea = all[+ x to =m gases & gase\s ) ! s /ill s+le2 = s !y make x violate two g5]al rules at once4 ,if ! s+ul> _c n[ be writt5 gass1 ! plural %\ld nev]!less be gasses1 & ! adjective %\ld be gasse\s1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,o!r ,,f9als4 ,words end+ 9 any o!r consonant ?an f1 l1 or s1 d n d\ble ! f9al lett]2 z1 mob1 nod1 dog1 sum1 sun1 cup1 cur1 cut1 fix1 :iz4 ,,exceptions4--,we d\ble ! consonant 9 abb1 ebb1 add1 odd1 egg1 jagg1 ragg1 inn1 err1 burr1 purr1 butt1 buzz1 fuzz1 y>r1 & "s prop] names4 ,b we h also ab 7f7 & ad 7to7 = prefixes2 & jag1 rag1 91 bur1 & b1 are o!r words t con=m to ! rule4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,d\bl+4 ,monosyllables1 & words acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 :5 !y end ) a s+le consonant prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 or by a v[el aft] qu1 d\ble _! f9al consonant be=e an additional syllable t beg9s ) a v[el3 z1 rob1 robb$1 robb]2 fop1 foppi%1 fopp]y2 squat1 squatt]1 squatt+2 ?91 ?9n]1 ?9ne/2 swim1 swimm]1 swimm+2 commit1 committe?1 committ+1 committ$1 committ]1 committees2 acquit1 acquittal1 acquittance1 acquitt$1 acquitt+1 acquitte?4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,x f9al1 be+ equival5t to ks1 is nev] d\bl$3 ?us1 f mix1 we h mix$1 mix+1 & mix]4 #b4 ,:5 ! d]ivative reta9s n ! acc5t ( ! root1 ! f9al consonant is n always d\bl$3 z1 pref]'1 pref'er5ce1 pref'erable2 ref]'1 ref'er5ce1 ref'erable1 or ref]'rible2 inf]'1 9'f]5ce1 9'f]able1 or inf]'rible2 transf]'1 a trans'f]1 trans'f]able1 or transf]'rible4 #c4 ,b lett]s d\bl$ 9 ,lat91 are usually d\bl$ 9 ,engli%1 )\t reg>d to acc5t1 or to any o!r pr9ciple3 z1 ,brita91 ,britan'nic1 ,britannia2 appeal1 appel'lant2 argil1 argil'laus1 argilla'ce\s2 cavil1 cav'ill\s1 cavilla'tion2 excel'1 ex'cell5t1 ex'cell5ce2 inflame'1 inflam'mable1 inflamma'tion4 ,see ,obs]vations #ac & #ad1 p4 #aii4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,no ,,d\bl+4 ,a f9al consonant1 :5 x is n prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 or :5 ! acc5t is n on ! la/ syllable1 %\ld rema9 s+le be=e an additional syllable3 z1 toil1 toil+2 oil1 oily2 visit1 visit$2 diff]1 diff]+2 p]il1 p]il\s2 viol1 violi/2 real1 realize1 reali/2 dial1 dial+1 diali/2 equal1 equalize1 equality2 vitriol1 vitriolic1 vitriolate4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,! f9al l ( words end+ 9 el1 mu/ be d\bl$ be=e an o!r v[el1 le/ ! p[] ( ! e be mi/ak51 & a syllable be lo/3 z1 travel1 travell]2 duel1 duelli/2 revel1 revell+2 gravel1 gravelly2 m>vel1 m>vell\s4 ,yet ! ^w p>allel1 hav+ ?ree ,ells already1 con=ms to ! rule 9 =m+ its d]ivatives2 z1 p>allel+1 p>allel$1 & unp>allel$4 #b4 ,contr>y to ! prec$+ rule1 ! pret]its1 p>ticiples1 & d]ivative n\ns1 ( ! few v]bs end+ 9 al1 il1 or ol1 unacc5t$1--namely1 equal1 rival1 vial1 m>%al1 victual1 cavil1 p5cil1 c>ol1 gambol1 & pi/ol1--are usually all[$ to d\ble ! l1 ?\gh "s diss5t f ! practice3 z1 equall$1 equall+2 rivall$1 rivall+2 cavill$1 cavill+1 cavill]2 c>oll$1 c>oll+1 c>oll]4 #c4 ,:5 ly foll[s l1 we h two ,ells ( c\rse1 b 9 fact no d\bl+3 z1 real1 really2 oral1 orally2 cruel1 cruelly2 civil1 civilly2 cool1 coolly2 wool1 woolly4 #d4 ,comp\nds1 ?\gh !y (t5 remove ! pr9cipal acc5t f ! po9t ( duplication1 always reta9 ! d\ble lett]3 z1 wit'snapp]1 kid'napp]1#aad grass'hopp]1 duck'-legg$1 spur'gall$1 hot'spurr$1 broad'-brimm$1 h>e'-lipp$1 half-witt$4 ,s1 compromitt$ & manumitt$2 b b5efit$ is diff]5t4 ,,rule ,v4--,,f9al ,,ck4 ,monosyllables & ,engli% v]bs end n ) c1 b take ck = d\ble c2 z1 rack1 wreck1 rock1 attack3 b1 9 g5]al1 words d]iv$ f ! le>n$ languages ne$ n ! k1 & common use disc>ds x2 z1 ,italic1 maniac1 music1 public4 ,,exceptions4--,! words arc1 "p ( a circle2 orc1 ! "n ( a fi%2 lac1 a gum or res92 & sac1 or soc1 a privilege1 9 old ,engli% law1 are end$ ) c only4 ,z9c is1 p]haps1 bett] spell$ z9k2 m>c1 m>k2 disc1 disk2 & talc1 talck4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,reta9+4 ,words end+ ) any d\ble lett]1 pres]ve x d\ble be=e any additional t]m9ation1 n beg9n+ ) ! same lett]2#aae z 9 ! foll[+ d]ivatives3 woo]1 see+1 blissful1 oddly1 gruffly1 equally1 %elly1 hilly1 /iffness1 illness1 /illness1 %rillness1 fellness1 smallness1 drollness1 fre5ess1 grassless1 passless1 c>elessness1 recklessness1 emb>rassm5t1 enfe(fm5t1 agreem5t1 agreeable4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,c]ta9 irregul> d]ivatives 9 d or t1 f v]bs end+ 9 ee1 ll1 or ss1 7z fl$ f flee1 sold f sell1 told f tell1 dwelt f dwell1 spelt f spell1 spilt f spill1 %alt f %all1 wilt f w1 ble/ f bless1 pa/ f pass17 are exceptions to ! =ego+ rule4 #b4 ,if ! ^w pontiff is prop]ly spell$ ) two ,effs1 its eight d]ivatives are also exceptions to ?is rule2 = !y are sev]ally spell$ ) "o2 z1 pontific1 pontifical1 pontificate1 c4 #c4 ,! words skillful1 skillfully1 willful1 willfully1 *illness1 tallness1 dullness1 & fullness1 h g5]ally be5 all[$ to drop ! second l1 ?\gh all ( !m might well be made to con=m to ! g5]al rule1 agreeably to ! or?ography ( ,web/]4 ,,rule ,,vii4--,,reta9+4 ,words end+ ) any d\ble lett]1 pres]ve x d\ble 9 all d]ivatives =m$ f !m by means ( prefixes3 z1 see1 =esee2 fe(f1 enfe(f2 pass1 repass2 press1 depress2 miss1 amiss2 call1 recall2 /all1 =e/all2 ?rall1 in?rall2 spell1 misspell2 tell1 =etell2 sell1 und]sell2 add1 sup]add2 snuff1 besnuff2 swell1 ov]swell4 ,,obs]vation4--,! words enroll1 unroll1 miscall1 befall1 befell1 be?rall1 re9/all1 dis9?rall1 fulfill1 & twibill1 are v commonly writt5 ) "o l1 & made exceptions to ?is rule2 b ^? au?ors are 9 ! "r :o reta9 ! d\ble lett]4 ,,rule ,,viii4--,,f9al ,,ll4 ,f9al ll is peculi> to monosyllables & _! comp\nds1 ) ! few d]ivatives =m$ f su* roots by prefixes2 consequ5tly1 all o!r words t end 9 l1 mu/ be t]m9at$ ) a s+le l3 z1 cabal1 logical1 appal1 excel1 rebel1 refel1 dispel1 extol1 control1 mogul1 jackal1 rascal1 damsel1 h&sel1 t9sel1 t5dril1 tranquil1 gambol1 consul4 ,,obs]vation4--,! words annul1 until1 di/il1 extil1 & in/il1 are also prop]ly spell$ ) "o l2 = ! monosyllables null1 till1 & /ill are n really _! roots1 b r d]ivatives1 or contractions ( lat] gr[?4 ,web/]1 h[ev]1 pref]s di/ill1 extill1 & in/ill ) ll2 & "s h be5 dispos$ to add ! o!r two4 ,,rule ,,ix4--,,f9al ,e4 ,! f9al e ( a primitive ^w1 :5 ?is lett] is mute or obscure1 is g5]ally omitt$ be=e an additional t]m9ation beg9n+ ) a v[el3 z1 remove1 removal2 rate1 ratable2 =ce1 =cible2 true1 truism2 rave1 rav+2 sue1 su+2 eye1 ey+2 idle1 idl+2 c5tre1 c5tr+4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,words end+ 9 ce or ge1 reta9 ! e be=e able or ous1 to pres]ve ! s(t s\nds ( c & g3 z1 trace1 traceable2 *ange1 *angeable2 outrage1 outrage\s4 #b4 ,s1 f %oe1 we write %oe+1 to pres]ve ! s\nd ( ! root2 f hoe1 hoe+1 by app>5t analogy2 &1 f s+e1 s+e+2 f sw+e1 sw+e+2 f t+e1 t+e+2 t !y may n be conf\nd$ ) s++1 sw++1 & t++4 #c4 ,to comp\nds & prefixes1 z fire>ms1 =e>m1 anteact1 viceag5t1 ! rule does n apply2 & f9al ee rema9s d\ble1 by ,rule #f?1 z 9 disagreeable1 disagree+4 ,,rule ,x4--,,f9al ,e4 ,! f9al e ( a primitive ^w is g5]ally reta9$ be=e an additional t]m9ation beg9n+ ) a consonant3 z1 pale1 pal5ess2 edge1 edgeless2 judge1 judge%ip2 lodge1 lodgem5t2 *ange1 *angeful2 infr+e1 infr+em5t4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,:5 ! e is prec$$ by a v[el1 x is sometimes omitt$2 z 9 duly1 truly1 awful1 argum5t2 b mu* m frequ5tly reta9$2 z 9 du5ess1 tru5ess1 blu5ess1 bluely1 rueful1 dueful1 %oeless1 eyeless4 #b4 ,! ^w :olly is also an exception to ! rule1 = nobody writes x :olely4 #c4 ,"s w h judgm5t1 abridgm5t1 & ackn[l$gm5t1 to be irreclaimable exceptions2 b ,i write !m ) ! e1 ^u ! au?ority ( ,l[?1 ,beattie1 ,a9swor?1 ,walk]1 ,cobb1 ,*alm]s1 & o!rs3 ! ,fr5* jugem5t1 judgem5t1 always reta9s ! e4 ,,rule ,,xi--,,f9al ,y4 ,! f9al y ( a primitive ^w1 :5 prec$$ by a consonant1 is g5]ally *ang$ into i be=e an additional t]m9ation3 z1 m]ry1 m]ri]1 m]rie/1 m]rily1 m]rim5t2 pity1 piti$1 pities1 pitie/1 pitiless1 pitiful1 pitiable2 contr>y1 contr>9ess1 contr>ily4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,?is rule applies to d]ivatives1 b n to comp\nds3 ?us1 we write m]ciful1 & m]cy-seat2 p5niless1 & p5nywor?2 scurv9ess1 & scurvy-grass2 c4 ,b lady%ip & goody%ip1 be+ unlike secret>i%ip & sureti%ip2 h&icraft & h&iwork1#aaf unlike h&ygripe & h&y/roke2 baby%ip & babyhood1 unlike /atel9ess & likelihood2 ! di/9ction betwe5 d]ivatives & comp\nds1 we see1 is too nice a po9t to h be5 always accurately obs]v$4 #b4 ,be=e + or i%1 ! y is reta9$ to prev5t ! d\bl+ ( i3 z1 pity1 pity+2 baby1 babyi%4 #c4 ,words end+ 9 ie1 dropp+ ! e by ,rule #i?1 *ange ! i into y1 = ! same reason3 z1 die1 dy+2 vie1 vy+2 lie1 ly+4 ,,rule ,,xii--,,f9al ,y4 ,! f9al y ( a primitive ^w1 :5 prec$$ by a v[el1 %\ld n be *ang$ into i be=e any additional t]m9ation3 z1 day1 days2 key1 keys2 guy1 guys2 valley1 valleys2 coy1 coyly2 cloy1 cloys1 cloy$2 boy1 boyi%1 boyhood2 annoy1 annoy]1 annoyance2 joy1 joyless1 joyful4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,f lay1 pay1 say1 & /ay1 are =m$ laid1 paid1 said1 & /aid2 b ! regul> words1 lay$1 pay$1 /ay$1 are sometimes us$4 #b4 ,raim5t1 contract$ f arraym5t1 is nev] writt5 ) ! y4 #c4 ,daily is m common ?an ! regul> =m dayly2 b gayly1 gayety1 & gayness1 are ju/ly sup]s$+ gaily & gaiety4 ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,ize ,,& ,,ise4 ,words end+ 9 ize or ise s\nd$ alike1 z 9 wise & size1 g5]ally take ! z 9 all su* z are ess5tially =m$ by means ( ! t]m9ation2 & ! s 9 monosyllables1 & all su* z are ess5tially =m$ by means ( prefixes3 z1 gorm&ise1 apologize1 brutalize1 canonize1 pilgrimize1 philosophize1 caut]ize1 ana!matize1 sympa?ize1 disorganize1 ) z2#aag rise1 arise1 disguise1 advise1 devise1 sup]vise1 circumcise1 despise1 surmise1 surprise1 comprise1 compromise1 ent]prise1 presurmise1 ) s4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,adv]tise1 cate*ise1 *a/ise1 criticise1#aah ex]cise1 exorcise1 & m]*&ise1 are mo/ commonly writt5 ) s & size1 assize1 capsize1 analyze1 ov]prize1 detonize1 & recognize1 ) z4 ,h[ _m ( !m are real exceptions to ! rule1 x is difficult to say4 #b4 ,prise1 a ?+ tak51 & prize1 to e/eem2 apprise1 to in=m1 & apprize1 to value1 or appraise1 are (t5 writt5 ei!r way1 )\t ?is di/9ction ( mean+1 :i* "s wi% to e/abli%4 #c4 ,! want ( ! =ego+ rule has also made _m words v>iable1 :i* ought1 unque/ionably1 to con=m to ! g5]al pr9ciple4 ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,comp\nds4 ,comp\nds g5]ally reta9 ! or?ography ( ! simple words :i* compose !m3 z1 :]e91 horseman1 uphill1 %ellfi%1 knee-deep1 kne$grass1 knead+-tr\gh1 innkeep]1 skylight1 plumtree1 m&rill4 ,,exceptions4--#a4 ,9 p]man5t comp\nds1 or 9 any d]ivatives ( :i*1 !y are n ! roots1 ! words full & all drop "o l2 z1 h&ful1 c>eful1 fulfil1 always1 al?\gh1 )al2 9 tempor>y comp\nds1 !y reta9 bo?2 z1 full-ey$1 *ock-full1#aai all-wise1 save-all4 #b4 ,s ! prefix mis1 7if f miss1 to err17 drops "o s2 b x is wrong to drop !m bo?1 z 9 ,johnson's mispell & misp5d1 = misspell & missp5d4 #c4 ,9 ! names ( days1 ! ^w mass also drops "o s2 z1 ,*ri/mas1 ,c&lemas1 ,lammas4 #d4 ,! possessive case (t5 drops ! apo/rophe2 z 9 h]dsman1 kitesfoot4 #e4 ,"o lett] is dropp$1 if ?ree ( ! same k9d come toge!r3 z1 ,ros%ire1 *aff9*2 or else a hyph5 is us$3 z1 ,ross-%ire1 ill-look+1 /ill-life4 #f4 ,*ilbla91 welcome1 & welf>e1 drop "o l4 #g4 ,pa/ime drops an s4 #h4 ,%eph]d1 :]ev]1 & :osev]1 drop an e2 & :]e=e & !re=e assume "o4 ,,rule ,,xv4--,,usage4 ,any ^w = ! spell+ ( :i* we h no rule b usage1 is writt5 wrong if n spell$ accord+ to ! usage :i* is mo/ common among ! le>n$3 z1 ,! brew] gr9ds 8 malt be=e he brues 8 be]4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #ch4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! =ego+ rules aim at no wild & impracticable re=mation ( our or?ography2 b1 if c>efully appli$1 !y w d mu* to obviate its *ief difficulties4 ,be+ made v>iable by ! ignorance ( "s writ]s & ! caprice ( o!rs1 our spell+ is n[1 & always has be51 exce$+ly irregul> & unsettl$4 ,uni=mity & consi/5cy c be atta9$ 9 no o!r way1 ?an by ! /eady application ( rules & pr9ciples2 & ^! mu/ be made z few & z g5]al z ! case w admit1 t ! memory ( ! le>n] may n be ov]mat*$ by _! numb] or complexity4 ,rules f\nd$ on ! analogy ( simil> words1 & sanction$ by ! usage ( c>eful writ]s1 mu/ be tak5 z our guides2 because common practice is (t5 f\nd to be caprici\s1 contradictory1 & unc]ta94 ,t errors & inconsi/5cies ab\nd1 ev5 9 ! books :i* are propos$ to ! _w z /&>ds ( ,engli% or?ography1 is a position :i* sc>cely ne$s pro(4 ,x is true1 to a great] or less ext5t1 ( all ! spell+-books & diction>ies t ,i h se51 & probably ( all t h ev] be5 publi%$4 ,& z all au?ors are liable to mi/akes1 :i* o!rs may copy1 g5]al rules %\ld h m weight ?an p>ticul> examples to ! contr>y4 ,! "r spell+ ( a ^w may be said to be t :i* agrees ! be/ ) its pronunciation1 its etymology1 & ) ! analogy ( ! p>ticul> class ( words to :i* x belongs4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fdg4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,i d n d5y t great respect is due to ! au?ority ( our lexicograph]s1 or t great improvem5t 0 made 9 ! or?ography ( our language :5 ,dr4 ,johnson put 8 h& to ! "w4 ,b sometimes "o man's au?ority may (fset an o!r's2 & he t is inconsi/5t ) himself1 de/roys 8 own3 =1 surely1 8 example _c be p>am\nt to 8 pr9ciples4 ,mu* has be5 idly said1 bo? = & aga9/ ! adoption ( ,johnson's ,diction>y1 or ,web/]'s1 z ! crit]ion ( :at is "r or wrong 9 spell+2 b x w\ld seem t no "o man's le>n+ is suffici5tly ext5sive1 or 8 memory suffici5tly accurate1 to be solely reli$ on to furni% a /&>d by :i* we may 9 all cases be gov]n$4 ,johnson 0 g5]ally "r2 b1 l o!r m51 he 0 sometimes wrong4 ,he err$ sometimes 9 8 pr9ciples1 or 9 _! application2 z :5 he adopt$ ! k 9 su* words z rhetorick1 & demoniack2 or :5 he ins]t$ ! u 9 su* words z gov]n\r1 w>ri\r1 sup]i\r4 ,nei!r ( ^! modes ( spell+ 0 ev] g5]ally adopt$1 9 any ?+ l ! numb] ( words to :i* he appli$ !m2 or ev] w be2 ?\gh "s indiscreet compil]s are /ill zeal\sly endeav\r+ to impose !m ^u ! public1 z ! true way ( spell+4 ,he also err$ sometimes by accid5t1 or ov]sight2 z :5 he spell$ ?us3 recall & miscal1 in?rall & be?ral1 w9dfall & d[nfal1 lay/all & ?umb/al1 wat]fall & ov]fal1 molehill & dunghil1 w9dmill & twibil1 uphill & d[nhil4 ,?is occasional excision ( ! lett] l is repreh5sible1 because x is contr>y to g5]al analogy1 & because bo? lett]s are necess>y to pres]ve ! s\nd1 & %[ ! d]ivation ( ! comp\nd4 ,walk] c5sures x z a ridicul\s irregul>ity1 & lays ! blame ( x on ! pr9t]s1 & yet does n v5ture to correct x6 ,see ,johnson's ,diction>y1 fir/ ,am]ican edition1 qu>to2 ,walk]'s ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 "u ! ^w ,dunghil2 & 8 ,rhym+ ,diction>y1 ,introd41 p4 xv4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,dr4 ,johnson's ,diction>y has be5 repres5t$ by "s z hav+ ne>ly fix$ ! ext]nal =m ( our language4 ,b ,murray1 :o quotes ?is f ,dr4 ,n>es1 admits1 at ! same "t1 t1 ,! or?ography ( a great numb] ( ,engli% words1 is f> f be+ uni=m1 ev5 among/ writ]s ( di/9ction4--,gram41 p4 #be4 ,&1 aft] comm5d+ ?is "w ( ,johnson's1 z ,a ,,/&>d1 f :i*1 x is e>ne/ly to be hop$1 t no au?or w h5ce=?1 on light gr\nds1 be tempt$ to innovate1 he adds1 ,?is ,diction>y1 h[ev]1 conta9s "s or?ographical inconsi/5cies :i* ought to be rectifi$3 su* z1 immovable1 moveable2 *a/ely1 *a/ness2 f]til5ess1 f]tily2 sl9ess1 slyly2 fe>lessly1 fe>lesness2 ne$lessness1 ne$lesly4--,ib4 ,9 respect to ! f9al ck & our1 he also int5tionally dep>ts f ,,! ,,/&>d :i* he ?us comm5ds2 pref]r+1 9 t1 ! au?ority ( ,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,diction>y1 f :i* he borr[$ 8 rules = spell+4 ,=1 aga9/ ! use ( k at ! end ( words f ! le>n$ languages1 & aga9/ ! u 9 _m words 9 :i* ,johnson us$ x1 we h ! au?ority1 n only ( g5]al usage n[1 b ( _m gramm>ians :o 7 contempor>y ) ,johnson1 & ( m ?an a doz5 lexicograph]s1 anci5t or mod]n1 among :om is ,walk] himself4 ,9 ?is1 !re=e1 ,murray's practice is "r1 & 8 comm5d$ /&>d diction>y1 wrong4 ,,obs4 #d4--,( words end+ 9 or or our1 we h ab\t ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty2 ( :i* n m ?an =ty c n[ ) any propriety be writt5 ) ! latt] t]m9ation4 ,aim+ to write accord+ to ! be/ usage ( ! pres5t day1 ,i ins]t ! u 9 s _m ( ^! words z n[ seem mo/ famili> to ! eye :5 s writt52 b ,i h no p>tiality = any lett]s t c well be sp>$2 & if ?is book %\ld ev]1 by any good =tune1 happ5 to be repr9t$1 aft] hon\r1 lab\r1 fav\r1 behavi\r1 & endeav\r1 %all h become z unfa%ionable z au?\r1 err\r1 t]r\r1 & emp]\r1 are n[1 let ! pro(-read] /rike out ! useless lett] n only f ^! words1 b f all o!rs :i* %all be> an equally antiquat$ appe>ance4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,i h sugge/$ ! above-m5tion$ imp]fections 9 ,dr4 ,johnson's or?ography1 m]ely to ju/ify ! lib]ty :i* ,i take ( spell+ o!rwise2 & n ) any view to give a pref]5ce to t ( ,dr4 ,web/]1 :o is n[ cont5d+ = ! hon\r ( hav+ furni%$ a m correct /&>d4 ,= ! latt] au?or1 ?\gh "r 9 "s ?+s 9 :i* ! =m] 0 wrong1 is1 on ! :ole1 /ill m errone\s & inconsi/5t4 ,9 8 v>i\s attempts at re=mation 9 our or?ography1 he has spell$ _m hundr$s ( words 9 su* a v>iety ( ways1 t he kn[s n at la/ :i* ( !m is "r1 & :i* are wrong4 ,b 9 respect to def9itions1 he has done good s]vice to our lit]ature2 nor h 8 critics be5 suffici5tly j respect+ :at !y call 8 innovations4 ,see ,cobb's ,critical ,review ( ! ,or?ography ( ,web/]4 ,to omit ! k f su* words z publick1 or ! u f su* z sup]i\r1 is c]ta9ly no innovation2 x is b ignorance t c5sures ! g5]al practice1 "u t "n4 ,! advocates = ,johnson & oppon5ts ( ,web/]1 :o are n[ s zeal\sly /ickl+ = ! k & ! u 9 ^! cases1 ought to "k t !y are cont5d+ = :at 0 obsolete1 or obsolesc5t1 :5 ,dr4 ,johnson 0 a boy4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,i h be=e obs]v$ t "s ( ! gramm>ians :o 7 contempor>y ) ,johnson1 did n adopt 8 practice respect+ ! k or ! u1 9 publick1 critick1 err\r1 sup]i\r1 c4 ,& inde$ ,i am n sure !re 7 any :o did4 ,dr4 ,johnson 0 born 9 #agji1 & he di$ 9 #aghd4 ,b ,brightl&'s ,gramm>1 :i* 0 writt5 dur+ ! reign ( ,que5 ,anne1 :o di$ 9 #agad1 9 treat+ ( ! lett] ,c1 says1 ,if 9 any ,^w ! h>d] ,s\nd prec$es 7e71 7i71 or 7y71 7k7 is ei!r add$ or put 9 its ,place2 z1 ,skill1 ,sk91 ,publick3 ,& ?o' ! additional 7k7 9 ! =ego+ ,^w be an old ,way ( ,spell+1 yet x is n[ v ju/ly left (f1 z be+ a sup]flu\s ,lett]2 = 7c7 at ! ,end is always h>d4--,sev5? ,edition1 ,lond41 #agdf1 p4 #cg4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! ?ree gramm>s ( ,a%1 ,prie/ley1 & ,l[?1 all appe>$1 9 _! fir/ editions1 ab\t "o "t2 all1 if ,i mi/ake n1 9 ! ye> #agfc2 & none ( ^! le>n$ doctors1 x w\ld seem1 us$ ! mode ( spell+ n[ 9 "q4 ,9 ,a%1 ( #agii1 we h su* or?ography z ?is3 ,italics1 public1 dome/ic1 our traffic1 music1 quick2 error1 sup]ior1 w>rior1 au?ors1 hon\r1 hum\r1 fav\r1 behavi\r4 ,9 ,prie/ley1 ( #aggb3 ,iambics1 dactyls1 dactylic1 anap/ic1 monosyllabic1 electric1 public1 critic2 au?or1 emp]or's1 sup]ior2 fav\r1 lab\rs1 neighb\rs1 lab\r$1 vig\r1 endeav\r2 meagre1 hillock1 bailiwick1 bi%oprick1 control1 travell+4 ,9 ,l[?1 ( #agii3 ,comic1 critic1 *>act]i/ic1 dome/ic2 au?or1 favor1 favor$1 endeavor$1 all$g+1 =etells4 ,n[ all ^! are words 9 ! spell+ ( :i* ,johnson & ,web/] contradict ea* o!r2 & if !y are n all "r1 surely !y w\ld n1 on ! :ole1 be made m ne>ly "r1 by be+ con=m$ to ei!r ( ^! au?orities exclusively4 ,= ,,! ,,be/ ,,usage is ! ultimate rule ( gramm>4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! old ,briti% ,gramm>1 writt5 be=e ! ,am]ican ,revolution1 & ev5 be=e ! le>n$ ,mr4 ,samuel ,johnson 0 doctorat$1 ?\gh x ?us respectfully quotes t great s*ol>1 does n foll[ him 9 ! spell+ ( :i* ,i am treat+4 ,on ! contr>y1 x ab\nds ) examples ( words end+ 9 ic & or1 & n 9 ick & our1 z he wrote !m2 & ,i am confid5t1 t1 f t "t to ?is1 ! =m] or?ography has cont9u$ to be m common ?an 84 ,walk]1 ! or?opi/1 :o di$ 9 #ahjg1 yield$ ! po9t respect+ ! k1 & end$ ab\t f\r hundr$ & fifty words ) c 9 8 ,rhym+ ,diction>y2 b he ?\ght x m ( an innovation ?an x really 04 ,9 8 ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 he says1 ,x has be5 a cu/om1 )9 ^! tw5ty ye>s1 to omit ! k at ! end ( words1 :5 prec$$ by c4 ,?is has introduc$ a novelty into ! language1 :i* is t ( end+ a ^w ) an unusual lett]1 c4 ,?is omission ( k is1 h[ev]1 too g5]al to be c\nt]act$1 ev5 by ! au?ority ( ,johnson2 b x is to be hop$ x w be conf9$ to words f ! le>n$ languages4-- ,walk]'s ,pr9ciples ( ,pronunciation1 ,no4 #djj4 ,! t5? edition ( ,burn's ,gramm>1 dat$ #ahaj1 says1 ,x has become cu/om>y to omit k aft] c at ! end ( dissyllables & trisyllables1 c4 z music1 ari?metic1 logic2 b ! k is reta9$ 9 monosyllables2 z1 back1 deck1 rick1 c4--,p4 #be4 ,james ,bu*anan1 ( ^: ,engli% ,syntax !re _h be5 five ,am]ican editions 9 #agib1 add$ no k to su* words z didactic1 critic1 classic1 ( :i* he made frequ5t use2 & ?\gh he wrote hon\r1 lab\r1 & ! l1 ) u1 z !y are p]haps mo/ g5]ally writt5 n[1 he ins]t$ no u 9 error1 au?or1 or any ( ^? words 9 :i* t lett] w\ld n[ be inconsi/5t ) good ta/e4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,bicknell's ,gramm>1 ( #agij1 treat+ ( ! lett] k1 says1 ,& = ! same reason we h dropt x at ! end ( words aft] c1 :i* is !re always h>d2 z 9 publick1 logick1 c4 :i* are m elegantly writt5 public1 logic4--,"p ii1 p4 #ac4 ,aga93 ,x has h]et(ore jo9$ ) c at ! end ( words2 z publick1 logick2 b1 z be=e obs]v$1 be+ !re q sup]flu\s1 x is n[ left out--,ib41 p4 #af4 ,horne ,tooke's or?ography 0 also agreeable to ! rule :i* ,i h giv5 on ?is subject4 ,s is ! usage ( ,david ,boo?3 ,=m]ly a k 0 add$1 z1 ru/ick1 politick1 ,ari?metick1 c4 b ?is is n[ 9 disuse4--,boo?'s ,introd4 to ,dict41 ,lond41 #ahad1 p4 #hj4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,z ! au?ors ( _m rec5t spell+-books--,cobb1 ,em]son1 ,burhans1 ,bolles1 ,se>s1 ,m>%all1 ,mott1 & o!rs--are n[ cont5d+ = ?is sup]flu\s lett]1 9 spite ( all ! au?ority aga9/ x1 x seems prop] briefly to notice _! argum5t1 le/ ! /ud5t be misl$ by x4 ,x is summ$ up by "o ( !m 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,9 reg>d to k aft] c at ! end ( words1 x may be suffici5t to say1 t its omission has nev] be5 attempt$1 except 9 a small portion ( ! cases :]e x occurs2 & t x t5ds to an errone\s pronunciation ( d]ivatives1 z 9 mimick1 mimick+1 :]e1 if ! k 7 omitt$1 x w\ld read mimic+2 & z c be=e i is always s\nd$ l s1 x mu/ be pron\nc$ mimis+4 ,n[1 s9ce x is nev] omitt$ 9 monosyllables1 :]e x mo/ frequ5tly occurs1 z 9 block1 clock1 c41 & c be 9 a "p only ( polysyllables1 x is ?\ght bett] to pres]ve x 9 all cases1 by :i* we h "o g5]al rule1 9 place ( sev]al irregul>ities & exceptions t mu/ foll[ its p>tial omission4--,bolles's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #b4 ,i ne$ n tell ! read] t ^! two s5t5ces ev9ce great want ( c>e or skill 9 ! art ( gramm>4 ,b x is prop] to in=m him1 t we h 9 our language eighty-six monosyllables :i* end ) ck1 & f !m ab\t fifty comp\nds or d]ivatives1 :i* ( c\rse keep ! same t]m9ation4 ,to ^! may be add$ a doz5 or m :i* seem to be ( d\btful =mation1 su* z huckaback1 pickapack1 gimcrack1 ticktack1 picknick1 b>rack1 knapsack1 hollyhock1 %amrock1 hammock1 hillock1 hammock1 bullock1 roebuck4 ,b ! v]bs on :i* ?is argum5t is f\nd$ are only six2 attack1 ransack1 traffick1 frolick1 mimick1 & physick2 & ^!1 unque/ionably1 mu/ ei!r be spell$ ) ! k1 or mu/ assume x 9 _! d]ivatives4 ,n[ t useful class ( words :i* are g5]ally & prop]ly writt5 ) f9al c1 are ab\t f\r hundr$ & fifty 9 numb]1 & are all ( !m ei!r adjectives or n\ns ( regul> d]ivation f ! le>n$ languages1 be+ words ( m ?an "o syllable1 :i* h come to u f ,greek or ,lat9 roots4 ,b :at has ! d\bl+ ( c by k1 9 our native monosyllables & _! d]ivatives1 to d ) all ^! words ( =eign orig98 ,= ! reason ( ! matt]1 we might z well d\ble ! l1 z our ance/ors did1 9 naturall1 temporall1 spirituall1 c4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,! le>n] %\ld obs]ve t "s lett]s incl9e mu* to a duplication1 :ile gome o!rs are d\bl$ b seldom1 & "s1 nev]4 ,?us1 among ! v[els1 ee & oo occur frequ5tly2 aa is us$ sometimes2 ii1 nev]--except 9 c]ta9 ,lat9 words1 7:]e9 ! v[els are sep>ately utt]$17 su* z ,horatii1 ,veii1 iidem1 g5ii4 ,aga91 ! d\bl+ ( u is preclud$ by ! fact t we h a di/9ct lett] call$ ,d\ble-u1 :i* 0 made by jo9+ two ,vees1 or two ,ues1 :5 ! =m = u 0 v4 ,s1 among ! consonants1 f1 l1 & s1 incl9e m to duplication1 ?an any o!rs4 ,^! lett]s are d\ble1 n only at ! end ( ^? monosyllables :i* h b "o v[el1 z /aff1 mill1 pass2 b also "u "s o!r circum/ances4 ,accord+ to g5]al usage1 f9al f is d\bl$ aft] a s+le v[el1 9 almo/ all cases2 z 9 bailiff1 caitiff1 pla9tiff1 midriff1 %]iff1 t>iff1 ma/iff3 yet n 9 calif1 :i* is p]haps bett] writt5 caliph4 ,f9al l1 z may be se5 by ,rule #h?1 admits n n[ ( a duplication l ?is2 b1 by ! exceptions to ,rule #d?1 x is frequ5tly d\bl$ :5 no o!r consonant w\ld be2 z 9 travell+1 grovell+2 unless1 7contr>y to ! op9ion ( ,l[?1 ,walk]1 & ,web/]17 we w h fillipp+1 gossipp+1 & wor%ipp+1 to be ne$ful exceptions also4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,f9al s sometimes occurs s+le1 z 9 alas1 atlas1 bias2 & especially 9 ,lat9 words1 z virus1 impetus2 & :5 x is add$ to =m plurals1 z v]se1 v]ses3 b ?is lett]1 too1 is g5]ally d\bl$ at ! end ( primitive words ( m ?an "o syllable2 z 9 c>cass1 compass1 cuirass1 h>ass1 trespass1 emb>rass4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! o!r consonants are seldom d\bl$1 except :5 !y come "u ,rule #c;d4 ,! lett] p1 h[ev]1 is commonly d\bl$1 9 "s words1 ev5 :5 x =ms a ne$less exception to ,rule #d?2 z 9 ! d]ivatives f fillip1 gossip1 & p]haps also wor%ip4 ,?is lett]1 too1 0 v frequ5tly d\bl$ 9 ,greek2 :5ce we h1 f ! "n ( ,philip ( ,mac$on1 ! words ,philippic & ,philippize1 :i*1 if spell$ accord+ to our rule = su* d]ivatives1 w\ld1 l gallop$ & gallop]1 sirup$ & sirupy1 h b "o p4 ,we f9d !m s writt5 9 "s late diction>ies4 ,b if fillipp$1 gossipp$1 & wor%ipp$1 ) ! o!r d]ivatives f ! same roots1 are j & necess>y exceptions to ,rule #d?1 7:i* ,i d n admit17 s are ^!2 & = a mu* /rong] reason1 z ! classical s*ol> w ?9k4 ,9 our language1 or 9 words purely ,engli%1 ! lett]s h1 i1 j1 k1 q1 v1 w1 x1 & y1 are1 prop]ly speak+1 nev] d\bl$4 ,yet1 9 ! =m+ ( comp\nds1 x may possibly happ51 t two ,ait*es1 two ,kays1 or ev5 two ,d\ble-ues or ,wies1 %all come toge!r2 z 9 )hold1 brickkiln1 sl[woorm1 bayy>n4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,!re are "s words--z ^? :i* come f metal1 m$al1 coral1 cry/al1 argil1 axil1 cavil1 tranquil1 pupil1 papil--9 :i* ! classical s*ol> is apt to violate ! analogy ( ,engli% d]ivation1 by d\bl+ ! lett] l1 because he rememb]s ! ll ( _! =eign roots1 or _! =eign correspond5ts4 ,b let him also rememb]1 t1 if a k ( etymology may be %[n by spell+ metallic1 metallif]\s1 metallography1 metallurgic1 metallurgi/1 metallurgy1 m$allic1 m$allion1 cry/allize1 cry/all9e1 argill\s1 argillace\s1 axill>1 axill>y1 cavill\s1 cavillation1 papillate1 papill\s1 papill>y1 tranquillity1 & pupill>y1 ) d\ble l1 ignorance ( x mu/ ne$s be impli$ 9 spell+ metal9e1 metali/1 metaloid1 metaloidal1 m$ali/1 coralace\s1 coral9e1 coralite1 coral9ite1 coraloid1 coraloidal1 cry/alite1 argilite1 argilitic1 tranquilize1 & pupilage1 9 l mann]4 ,b we _c well d\ble ! l 9 ! =m]1 & n 9 ! latt] words4 ,"h is a *oice ( difficulties4 ,etymology mu/ gov]n or?ography4 ,b :at etymology8 our own1 or t :i* is =eign8 ,if we say1 bo?1 !y disagree2 & ! m]e ,engli% s*ol> _c "k :51 or h[ f>1 to be guid$ by ! latt]4 ,if a ,lat9 dim9utive1 z papilla f papula or papa1 pupillus f pupus1 or tranquillus f trans & quietus1 happ5 to d\ble an l1 mu/ we =ev] cl+ to ! r$uplication1 & t1 9 spite ( our own rules to ! contr>y8 ,:y is x m objectionable to *ange pupill>is to pupil>y1 ?an pupillus to pupil8 or1 to *ange tranquillitas to tranquility1 ?an tranquillus to tranquil8 ,& s9ce papil\s1 pupilage1 & tranquilize are =m$ f ! ,engli% words1 & n directly f ! ,lat91 :y is x n z improp] to write !m ) d\ble l1 z to write p]il\s1 vassalage1 & civilize1 9 ! same mann]8 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,if ! practice ( ! le>n$ w\ld all[ u to foll[ ! ,engli% rule "h1 ,i %\ld incl9e to ! op9ion1 t all ! words :i* ,i h m5tion$ above1 ought to be writt5 ) s+le l4 ,a9swor? exhibits ! ,lat9 ^w = coral 9 f\r =ms1 & ! ,greek ^w 9 ?ree4 ,two ( ! ,lat9 & two ( ! ,greek h ! l s+le2 ! o!rs d\ble x4 ,he also spells coraliticus ) "o l1 & def9es x ,a sort ( :ite m>ble1 call$ coral9e4 #abj ,! ,spani>ds1 f ^: m$alla1 we h m$al2 ^: argil#aba is arcilla1 f ! ,lat9 argilla2 & to ^: cavil>1 ,web/] traces cavil2 9 all _! d]ivatives f ^! ,lat9 roots1 metallum1 metal--coralium1 corallium1 curalium1 or corallum1 coral--cry/allus or cry/allum1 cry/al--pupillus1 pupil--& tranquillus1 tranquil--foll[ _! own rules1 & write mo/ly ) s+le l3 z1 pupil]o1 a tea*]2 metalico1 metalic2 corol9a 7fem47 coral9e2 cri/al9o1 cry/al9e2 cry/aliz>1 cry/alize2 traquiliz>1 tranquilize2 & tranquilidad1 tranquility4 ,& if we foll[ n ours1 :5 or h[ %all ! ,engli% s*ol> ev] "k :y we spell z we d8 ,= example1 :at c he make ( ! or?ography ( ! foll[+ words1 :i* ,i copy f our be/ diction>ies3 equip'1 eq'uipage2 wor'%ip1 wor'%ipp]2--p]il1 p]il\s2 cavil1 cavill\s2#abb--libel1 libell\s2 qu>rel1 qu>rel\s2--opal1 opal9e2 metal1 metall9e2#abc--;coral1 coralli=m2 cry/al1 cry/al=m2--dial1 diali/2 m$al1 m$alli/2--rascal1 rascalion2 m$al1 m$allion2--moral1 morali/1 morality2 metal1 metalli/1 metallurgy2--civil1 civilize1 civility2 tranquil1 tranquillize1 tranquillity2--novel1 novelism1 noveli/1 novelize2 grovel1 grovell+1 grovell$1 grovell]8 ,,obs4 #ae4--,! second clause ( ,murray's or ,walk]'s #e? ,rule = spell+1 gives only a s+le l to ea* ( ! d]ivatives above nam$4#abd ,b x also treats 9 l mann] _m hundr$s ( words 9 :i* ! l mu/ c]ta9ly be d\bl$4 ,&1 z nei!r ! ,compil]1 nor any ( 8 copi]s1 h paid any reg>d to _! own pr9ciple1 nei!r _! doctr9e nor _! practice c be ( mu* weight ei!r way4 ,yet x is important to "k to :at words ! rule is1 or is n1 applicable4 ,9 consid]+ ?is vexati\s "q ab\t ! duplication ( l1 ,i 0 at fir/ incl9$ to admit t1 :5ev] f9al l has become s+le 9 ,engli% by dropp+ ! second l ( a =eign root1 ! ^w %all resume ! ll 9 all d]ivatives =m$ f x by add+ a t]m9ation beg9n+ ) a v[el2 z1 b]yllus1 b]yl1 b]yll9e4 ,?is w\ld1 ( c\rse1 d\ble ! l 9 ne>ly all ! d]ivatives f metal1 m$al1 c4 ,b :at says ,cu/om8 ,%e con/antly d\bles ! l 9 mo/ ( !m2 b wav]s 9 respect to "s1 & 9 a few w h x s+le4 ,h5ce ! difficulty ( draw+ a l9e by :i* we may abide )\t c5sure4 ,pu'pillage & pu'pill>y1 ) ll1 are accord+ to ,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,diction>y2 b ,johnson spells !m pu'pilage & pu'pil>y1 ) s+le l2 & ,walk]1 9 8 ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 has pupilage ) "o l1 & pupill>y ) two4 ,aga93 bo? ,johnson's & ! ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 give u m$alli/ & metalli/ ) ll1 & are su/a9$ by ,web/] & o!rs2 b ,walk]1 9 8 ,rhym+ ,diction>y1 writes !m m$ali/ & metali/1 ) s+le l1 l diali/1 =mali/1 cabali/1 h]bali/1 & tw5ty o!r su* words4 ,fur!r3 ,web/] d\bles ! l 9 all ! d]ivatives ( metal1 m$al1 coral1 axil1 argil1 & papil2 b writes x s+le 9 all ^? ( cry/al1 cavil1 pupil1 & tranquil--except tranquillity4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,dr4 ,web/] also attempts1 or pret5ds1 to put 9 practice ! ha/y proposition ( ,walk]1 to spell ) s+le l all d]ivatives f words end+ 9 l n "u ! acc5t4 ,no lett]1 says ,walk]1 seems to be m frequ5tly d\bl$ improp]ly ?an l4 ,:y we %\ld write libell+1 levell+1 revell+1 & yet (f]+1 suff]+1 reason+1 ,i am totally at a loss to det]m9e2 &1 unless l c give a bett] plea ?an any o!r lett] 9 ! alphabet1 = be+ d\bl$ 9 ?is situation1 ,i mu/1 9 ! /yle ( ,lucian1 9 8 trial ( ! lett] ,t1 decl>e = an expulsion4--,rhym+ ,dict41 p4 x4 ,?is ra% conception1 be+ adopt$ by "s m5 ( /ill less caution1 has wr\ght great mis*ief 9 our or?ography4 ,) respect to words end+ 9 el1 x is a good & suffici5t reason = d\bl+ ! l1 t ! e may o!rwise be suppos$ s]vile & sil5t4 ,i h !re=e made ?is t]m9ation a g5]al exception to ! rule aga9/ d\bl+4 ,besides1 a l>ge numb] ( ^! words1 be+ d]iv$ f =eign words 9 :i* ! l 0 d\bl$1 h a second reason = ! duplication1 z /rong z t :i* has (t5 induc$ ^! same au?ors to d\ble t lett]1 z notic$ above4 ,su* are bordel1 *apel1 duel1 f>del1 gabel1 gospel1 gravel1 lamel1 label1 libel1 m>vel1 model1 novel1 p>cel1 qu>rel1 & sp9el4 ,accord+ly we f9d1 t1 9 8 "w ( expulsion1 ,dr4 ,web/] has n unfrequ5tly contradict$ himself1 & con=m$ to usage1 by d\bl+ ! l :]e he probably int5d$ to write x s+le4 ,?us1 9 ! words bordell]1 *apellany1 *apell+1 gospell>y1 gospell]1 gravelly1 lamellate1 lamell>1 lamell>ly1 lamelli=m1 & sp9ellane1 he has writt5 ! l d\ble1 :ile he has grossly corrupt$ _m o!r simil> words by =be>+ ! r$uplication2 z1 travel]1 grovel+1 dueli/1 m>vel\s1 & ! l4 ,9 cases ( su* difficulty1 we c nev] arrive at uni=mity & consi/5cy ( practice1 unless we resort to pr9ciples1 & su* pr9ciples z c be made intelligible to ! ,engli% s*ol>4 ,if any "o is dissatisfi$ ) ! rules & exceptions :i* ,i h laid d[n1 let him /udy ! subject till he c furni% ! s*ools ) bett]4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,we h 9 our language a v num]\s class ( adjectives end+ 9 able or ible1 z affable1 arable1 tol]able1 admissible1 cr$ible1 infallible1 to ! numb] ( n9e hundr$ or m4 ,9 respect to ! prop] =m & signification ( "s ( ^!1 !re occurs no small difficulty4 ,able is a common ,engli% ^w1 ! mean+ ( :i* is mu* bett] und]/ood ?an its orig94 ,horne ,tooke supposes x to h come f ! ,go?ic n\n abal1 signify+ /r5g?2 & consequ5tly av]s1 t x has no?+ to d ) ! ,lat9 adjective habilis1 fit1 or able1 f :i* our etymologi/s errone\sly d]ive x4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dej4 ,?is ,i suppose ! etymologi/s w dispute ) him4 ,b :atev] may be its true d]ivation1 no "o c well d5y t able1 z a suffix1 belongs mo/ prop]ly1 if n exclusively1 to v]bs2 = mo/ ( ! words =m$ by x1 are pla9ly a sort ( v]bal adjectives4 ,& x is evid5t t ?is au?or is "r 9 suppos+ t ,engli% words ( ?is t]m9ation1 l ! ,lat9 v]bals 9 bilis1 h1 or ought to h1 su* a signification z may ju/ify ! "n :i* he gives !m1 ( pot5tial passive adjectives2 a signification 9 :i* ! ,engli% & ! ,lat9 d]ivatives exactly correspond4 ,?us dis'soluble or dissolv'able does n mean able to dissolve1 b capable ( be+ dissolv$2 & divisible or dividable does n mean able to divide1 b capable ( be+ divid$4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,z to ! application ( ?is suffix to n\ns1 :5 we consid] ! signification ( ! words ?us =m$1 its propriety may well be d\bt$4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t n\ns d sometimes assume some?+ ( ! nature ( v]bs1 s z to give rise to adjectives t are ( a p>ticipial "*2 su*1 = in/ance1 z sa9t$1 bigot$1 conceit$1 gift$1 tuft$4 ,aga91 ( su* z h>d-he>t$1 good-natur$1 cold-blood$1 we h an indef9ite numb]4 ,& p]haps1 ^u ! same pr9ciple1 ! =mation ( su* words z actionable1 companionable1 exceptionable1 m>ketable1 m]*antable1 pa/urable1 treasonable1 & s =?1 may be ju/ifi$1 if c>e be tak5 to use !m 9 a s5se analog\s to t ( ! real v]bals4 ,b1 surely1 ! mean+ :i* is commonly atta*$ to ! words amicable1 *angeable1 fa%ionable1 fav\rable1 peaceable1 reasonable1 pleasurable1 seasonable1 suitable1 & "s o!rs1 w\ld nev] be guess$ f _! =mation4 ,?us1 suitable means fitt+ or suit+1 & n able to suit1 or capable ( be+ suit$4 ,,obs4 #ai4--,?\gh all words t t]m9ate 9 able1 us$ z a suffix1 are prop]ly reckon$ d]ivatives1 r ?an comp\nds1 & 9 ! =m] class ! sep>ate mean+ ( ! p>ts unit$ is mu* less reg>d$ ?an 9 ! latt]2 yet1 9 ! use ( words ( ?is =mation1 x w\ld be well to h "s respect to ! g5]al analogy ( _! signification z /at$ above2 & n to make d]ivatives ( ! same fa%ion convey mean+s s v diff]5t z d "s ( ^!4 ,p]haps x is f "s g5]al notion ( _! impropriety1 t sev]al words ( ?is d\btful "* h already become obsolete1 or are gradually fall+ into disuse3 z1 accu/omable1 *anceable1 concordable1 conusable1 cu/omable1 behoovable1 leisurable1 m$ic9able1 p]sonable1 p[]able1 razorable1 %apable1 semblable1 v5geable1 v]itable4 ,/ill1 !re are sev]al o!rs1 yet curr5tly employ$1 :i* might bett] p]haps1 = ! same reason1 give place to m regul> t]ms3 z1 amicable1 = fri5dly or k9d2 *>itable1 = b5evol5t or lib]al2 col\rable1 = app>5t or speci\s2 peaceable1 = peaceful or unho/ile2 pleasurable1 = pleas+ or delightful2 pr(itable1 = ga9ful or lucrative2 sociable1 = social or affable2 reasonable1 = rational or j4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,9 respect to ! or?ography ( words end+ 9 able or ible1 x is sometimes difficult to det]m9e :i* ( ^! end+s ought to be pref]r$2 z :e!r we ought to write t5able or t5ible1 rev]sable or rev]sible1 addable or addible4 ,9 ,lat91 ! t]m9ation is bilis1 & ! prec$+ v[el is det]m9$ by ! conjugation to :i* ! v]b belongs4 ,?us1 = v]bs ( ! fir/ conjugation1 x is a2 z1 f ar>e1 to pl\gh1 arabilis1 arable1 tillable4 ,= ! second conjugation1 x is i2 z1 f docere1 to tea*1 docibilis1 or docilis1 docible or docile1 tea*able4 ,= ! ?ird conjugation1 x is i2 z1 f v5dere1 to sell1 v5dibilis1 v5dible1 salable4 ,&1 = ! f\r? conjugation1 x is i2 z1 f sepelire1 to bury1 sepelibilis1 sep'elible1#abe buriable4 ,b f solvo & volvo1 ( ! ?ird conjugation1 we h ubilis1 uble2 z1 solubilis1 sol'uble1 solvible or solvable2 volubilis1 vol'uble1 rollable4 ,h5ce ! ,engli% words1 rev'oluble1 res'oluble1 irres'oluble1 dis'soluble1 indis'soluble1 & insol'uble4 ,?us ! ,lat9 v]bals 9 bilis1 are a suffici5t guide to ! or?ography ( all su* words z are traceable to !m2 b ! m]e ,engli% s*ol> _c avail himself ( ?is aid2 & ( ?is sort ( words we h a mu* great] numb] ?an 7 ev] kn[n 9 ,lat94 ,a few we h borr[$ f ! ,fr5*3 z1 t5able1 capable1 pref]able1 conv]tible2 & ^! we write z !y are writt5 9 ,fr5*4 ,b ! difficulty lies *iefly 9 ^? :i* are ( ,engli% gr[?4 ,= "s ( !m are =m$ accord+ to ! model ( ! ,lat9 v]bals 9 ibilis2 z =cible1 co]cible1 r$ucible1 disc]nible2 & o!rs are made by simply add+ ! suffix able2 z traceable1 pron\nceable1 manageable1 advisable1 returnable4 ,! la/ are purely ,engli%2 & yet !y correspond 9 =m ) su* z come f ,lat9 v]bals 9 abilis4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,f ^! diff]5t modes ( =mation1 ) ! *oice ( diff]5t roots1 we h sometimes two or ?ree words1 diff]+ 9 or?ography & pronunciation1 b convey+ ! same mean+2 z1 divis'ible & divi'dable1 des'picable & despi'sable1 ref'erable & ref]'rible1 mis'cible & mix'able1 dis'soluble1 dissol'vible1 & dissol'vable4 ,h5ce1 too1 we h "s words :i* seem to ! m]e ,engli% s*ol> to be spell$ 9 a v contradictory mann]1 ?\gh ea*1 p]haps1 obeys ! law ( its own d]ivation2 z1 peaceable & =cible1 impi]ceable & co]cible1 m>riageable & corrigible1 damageable & eligible1 *angeable & tangible1 *>geable & frangible1 f5cible & def5sible1 pref'erable & ref]rible1 conv]sable & rev]sible1 def5dable & desc5dible1 am5dable & ext5dible1 b5dable & v5dible1 dividable & corrodible1 returnable & disc]nible1 indisp5sable & responsible1 advisable & fusible1 respectable & compatible1 delectable & collectible1 taxable & flexible4 ,,obs4 #bb4--,! ,am]ican editor ( ! ,r$ ,book1 to :om all ^! app>5t inconsi/5cies seem$ real blund]s1 has greatly exagg]at$ ?is difficulty 9 our or?ography1 & *>g$ ,johnson & ,walk] ) hav+ writt5 all ^! words & _m m1 9 ?is contradictory mann]1 )\t any app>5t reason6 ,he boldly av]s1 t1 ,! p]petual contradictions ( ! same or l words1 9 all ! books1 %[ t ! au?ors _h no di/9ct ideas ( :at is "r1 & :at is wrong2 & ignorantly imag9es1 t1 ,! use ( ible r ?an able1 9 any case1 orig9at$ 9 ! necessity ( keep+ ! s(t s\nd ( c & g1 9 ! d]ivatives2 & if ible 0 conf9$ to t use1 x w\ld be an easy & simple rule4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #agj4 ,h5ce1 he proposes to write peacible = peaceable1 tracible = traceable1 *angible = *angeable1 managible = manageable2 & s = all ! re/ t come f words end+ 9 ce or ge4 ,b1 :atev] advantage !re might be 9 ?is1 8 easy & simple rule w\ld "w a revolution = :i* ! _w is n yet prep>$4 ,x w\ld make audible audable1 fallible fallable1 feasible feasable1 t]rible t]rable1 horrible horrable1 c4 ,no tyro c spell 9 a worse mann] ?an ?is1 ev5 if he h no rule at all4 ,& ^? :o d n "k en\gh ( ,lat9 gramm> to pr(it by :at ,i h said 9 ! prec$+ obs]vation1 may console !mselves ) ! reflection1 t1 9 spell+ ^! difficult words entirely by guess1 !y w n miss ! way m ?an "s h done :o pret5d$ to be critics4 ,! rule giv5 by ,john ,burn1 = able & ible1 is less objectionable2 b x is r5d]$ useless by ! great numb] ( its exceptions4 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,z mo/ ( ! rules = spell+ ref] to ! f9al lett]s ( our primitive words1 x may be prop] = ! le>n] to "k & rememb]1 t n all ! lett]s ( ! alphabet c assume t situation1 & t "s ( !m t]m9ate words mu* m frequ5tly ?an o!rs4 ,?us1 9 ,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,diction>y1 ! lett] a ends ab\t #bbj words2 b1 #afj2 c1 #dej2 d1 #aeej2 e1 #gjjj2 f1 #adj2 g1 #bhj2 h1 #djj2 i1 #bi2 j1 none2 k1 #eej2 l1 #aijj2 m1 #eej2 n1 #ccjj2 o1 #bjj2 p1 #dej2 q1 none2 r1 #bgej2 s1 #cbej2 t1 #cajj2 u1 #ad2 v1 none2 w1 #bjj2 x1 #ajj2 y1 #ejjj2 z1 #e4 ,we h1 !n1 ?ree consonants1 j1 q1 & v1 :i* nev] end a ^w4 ,& :y n8 ,) respect to j & v1 ! reason is pla9 f _! hi/ory4 ,^! lett]s 7 =m]ly id5tifi$ ) i & u1 :i* are n t]m9ational lett]s4 ,! v[el i ends no pure ,engli% ^w1 except t :i* is =m$ ( its own capital ,i2 & ! few words :i* end ) u are all =eign1 except ?\ & y4 ,& n only s1 ! lett] j is :at 0 =m]ly call$ i consonant2 & v is :at 0 call$ u consonant4 ,b x 0 ! initial i & u1 or ! i & u :i* prec$$ an o!r v[el1 & n ^? :i* foll[$ "o1 t 7 conv]t$ into ! consonants j & v4 ,h5ce1 nei!r ( ^! lett]s ev] ends any ,engli% ^w1 or is ev] d\bl$4 ,nor d !y unite ) o!r consonants be=e or aft] a v[el3 except t v is jo9$ ) r 9 a few words ( ,fr5* orig91 z livre1 manoeuvre2 or ) l 9 "s ,dut* names1 z ,wat]vleit4 ,q ends no ,engli% ^w1 because x is always foll[$ by u4 ,! ,fr5* t]m9ation que1 :i* is commonly reta9$ 9 pique1 antique1 critique1 opaque1 oblique1 burlesque1 & grotesque1 is equival5t to k2 h5ce we write packet1 lackey1 *eck]1 risk1 mask1 & mosk1 r ?an paquet1 laquey1 *equ]1 risque1 masque1 & mosque4 ,& "s au?ors write burlesk & grotesk1 pref]r+ k to que4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,?us we see t j1 q1 & v1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 initial consonants only4 ,h5ce !re is a h>%ness1 if n an impropriety1 9 t syllabication :i* "s h rec5tly adopt$1 :]e9 !y accommodate to ! e> ! division ( su* words z maj-es-ty1 proj-ect1 traj-ect1--eq-ui-ty1 liq-ui-date1 ex-*eq-u]4 ,b v1 9 a simil> situation1 has n[ become famili>2 z 9 ev-er-y1 ev-i-d5ce3 & x may also /& ) l or r1 9 ! division ( su* words z solv-+ & s]v-+4 ,( words end+ 9 ive1 ,walk] exhibits f\r hundr$ & fifty--exactly ! same numb] t he spells ) ic4 ,& ,horne ,tooke1 :o d]ives ive f ! ,lat9 ivus1 7q4 d4 vis17 & ic f ! ,greek ,greek3 ikos1 7q4 d4 ,greek3 is*us7 bo? imply+ p[]1 has well obs]v$ t !re is a g5]al correspond5ce ( mean+ betwe5 ^! two classes ( adjectives--bo? be+ ( a pot5tial active signification2 z purgative1 vomitive1 op]ative1 c42 ca?>tic1 emetic1 en]getic1 c4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dde4 ,i h be=e obs]v$1 t ,tooke spell$ all ?is latt] class ( words )\t ! f9al k2 b he left x to ,dr4 ,web/] to sugge/ ! re=mation ( /rik+ ! f9al e f ! =m]4 ,,obs4 #be4--;,9 ,dr4 ,web/]'s ,collection ( ,essays & ,fugitiv ,peeces1 publi%$ 9 #agij1 we f9d1 among o!r equally +5i\s improvem5ts ( our or?ography1 a g5]al omission ( ! f9al e 9 all words end+ 9 ive1 or r ( all words end+ 9 ve1 prec$$ by a %ort v[el2 z1 primitiv1 d]ivativ1 ext5siv1 positiv1 des]v1 twelv1 proov1 luv1 hav1 giv1 liv4 ,?is mode ( spell+1 _h x be5 adopt$ by o!r le>n$ m51 w\ld n only h made v a v frequ5t f9al consonant1 b w\ld h plac$ x 9 an o!r new & /range pr$icam5t1 z be+ subject to r$uplication4 ,= he t w write hav1 giv1 & liv1 mu/ also1 by a g5]al rule ( gramm>1 write havv+1 givv+1 & livv+4 ,& n only s1 !re w foll[ also1 9 ! solemn /yle ( ! ,bible1 a *ange ( give/1 live/1 give?1 & live?1 into givve/1 livve/1 givve?1 & livve?4 ,f all ?is x may appe>1 t a sil5t f9al e is n always q s useless a ?+ z "s may imag9e4 ,) a levity no less rem>kable1 does ! au?or ( ! ,r$ ,book propose at once two diff]5t ways ( re=m+ ! or?ography ( su* words z pi]ceable1 manageable1 & s =?2 9 "o ( :i*1 ! lett] j w\ld be br\ght into a new position1 & subject$ sometimes to r$uplication4 ,x w\ld be a useful improvem5t to *ange ?is c into s1 & g into j2 z1 pi]sable1 manajable1 c4 ,or !y might assume i2 z1 pi]cibe1 managible1 c4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #agj4 ,n[ w\ld n ?is useful improvem5t give u su* a ^w z allejjable8 & w\ld n "o su* mon/] be m (f5sive ?an all our pres5t exceptions to ,rule #i?8 ,out ^u all su* tamp]+ ) or?ography6 ,,obs4 #bf4--;,if any ?+ c\ld arre/ ! folly ( innovators & dabbl+ re=m]s1 x w\ld be ! hi/ory ( =m] attempts to effect improvem5ts simil> to !irs4 ,) ?is sort ( hi/ory e "o w\ld d well to acqua9t himself1 be=e he proce$s to disfigure words by plac+ _! writt5 elem5ts 9 any new pr$icam5t4 ,if ! or?ography ( ! ,engli% language is ev] r$uc$ to great] regul>ity ?an x n[ exhibits1 ! re=mation mu/ be wr\ght by ^? :o h no disposition ei!r to exagg]ate its pres5t defects1 or to und]take too mu*4 ,reg>d mu/ be _h to ! orig91 z well z to ! s\nds1 ( words4 ,to _m p1 all sil5t lett]s seem sup]flu\s2 & all indirect modes ( spell+1 absurd4 ,h5ce1 z ! le>n] may p]ceive1 a v l>ge proportion ( ! v>iations & disput$ po9ts 9 spell+1 are su* z ref] to ! sil5t lett]s1 :i* are reta9$ by "s writ]s & omitt$ by o!rs4 ,x is desirable t su* z are useless & irregul> %\ld be always omitt$2 & su* z are useful & regul> always reta9$4 ,! rules :i* ,i h laid d[n z pr9ciples ( discrim9ation1 are su* z almo/ e read] w "k to be g5]ally true1 & agreeable to pres5t usage1 ?\gh sev]al ( !m h nev] be=e be5 pr9t$ 9 any gramm>4 ,_! application w /rike out "s lett]s :i* are (t5 writt51 & reta9 "s :i* are (t5 omitt$2 b1 if !y err on ei!r h&1 ,i am confid5t !y err less ?an any o!r set ( rules ev] yet =m$ = ! same purpose4 ,walk]1 f :om ,murray borr[$ 8 rules = spell+1 decl>es = an expulsion ( ! second l f travell]1 gamboll$1 grovell+1 equall+1 cavill+1 & all simil> words2 seems m will+ to drop an l f illness1 /illness1 %rillness1 fellness1 & drollness1 ?an to reta9 bo? 9 smallness1 tallness1 *illness1 dullness1 & fullness2 makes x "o ( 8 or?ographical aphorisms1 t1 ,words tak5 into composition (t5 drop ^? lett]s :i* 7 sup]flu\s 9 _! simples2 z1 ,*ri/mas1 dunghil1 h&ful2 &1 at ! same "t1 *ooses r to re/ore ! sil5t e to ! t5 d]ivatives f move & prove1 f :i* ,johnson dropp$ x1 ?an to drop x f ! t5 simil> words 9 :i* t au?or reta9$ x6 ,& n only s1 he argues aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( 8 own aphorism2 & says1 ,x is c]ta9ly to be fe>$ t1 if ?is prun+ ( our words ( all ! sup]flu\s lett]s1 z !y are call$1 %\ld be mu* f>!r indulg$1 we %all quickly antiquate our mo/ respectable au?ors1 & irrep>ably maim our language4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict41 p4 xvii4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,no attempt to subject our or?ography to a sy/em ( phonetics1 seems likely to meet ) g5]al fav\r1 or to be free f objection1 if x %\ld4 ,= words are n m]e s\nds1 & 9 _! or?ography m is impli$ ?an 9 phonetics1 or phonography4 ,ideographic =ms h1 9 g5]al1 ! advantage ( pres]v+ ! id5tity1 hi/ory1 & l9eage ( words2 & ^! are important matt]s 9 respect to :i* phonetic writ+ is v liable to be defici5t4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ab\t a c5tury ago1 obs]v$1 ,!re h be5 _m s*emes (f]$ = ! em5dation & settlem5t ( our or?ography1 :i*1 l t ( o!r nations1 be+ =m$ by *ance1 or accord+ to ! fancy ( ! e>lie/ writ]s 9 rude ages1 0 at fir/ v v>i\s & unc]ta91 & is z yet suffici5tly irregul>4 ,( ^! re=m]s "s h endeav\r$ to accommodate or?ography bett] to ! pronunciation1 )\t consid]+ t ?is is to measure by a %ad[1 to take t = a model or /&>d :i* is *ang+ :ile !y apply x4 ,o!rs1 less absurdly inde$1 b ) equal unlikelihood ( success1 h endeav\r$ to proportion ! numb] ( lett]s to t ( s\nds1 t e s\nd may h its own "*1 & e "* a s+le s\nd4 ,su* w\ld be ! or?ography ( a new language to be =m$ by a synod ( gramm>ians ^u pr9ciples ( sci5ce4 ,b :o c hope to prevail on nations to *ange _! practice1 & make all _! old books useless8 or :at advantage w\ld a new or?ography procure equival5t to ! confusion & p]plexity ( su* an alt]ation8--,johnson's ,gramm> be=e ,qu>to ,dict41 p4 #d4 ,,obs4 #bh4--;,among ^! re=m]s ( our alphabet & or?ography1 ( ^: s*emes he gives examples1 ! ,doctor m5tions1 fir/1 ,sir ,?omas ,smi?1 secret>y ( /ate to ,que5 ,elizabe?1 a man ( real le>n+1 & mu* practis$ 9 grammatical disquisitions2 :o di$ 9 #aeig2--next1 ,dr4 ,gill1 ! celebrat$ ma/] ( ,/4 ,paul's ,s*ool 9 ,london2 :o di$ 9 #afce2--!n1 ,*>les ,butl]1 a man :o did n want an und]/&+ :i* might h qualifi$ him = bett] employm5t2 :o di$ 9 #afdg2--;&1 la/ly1 ,bi%op ,wilk9s1 ( ,*e/]1 a le>n$ & +5i\s critic1 :o is said to h propos$ 8 s*eme1 )\t expect+ to be foll[$2 he di$ 9 #afgb4 ,,obs4 #bi4--;,f ?is "t1 !re 01 s f> z ,i "k1 no noticeable r5ewal ( su* ef=ts1 till ab\t ! ye> #agij1 :51 z x is %[n above on page #acd ( my ,introduction1 ,dr4 ,web/]1 7:o 0 !n only ,noah ,web/]1 ,jun41 attorney at law17 attempt$ to spell all words z !y are spok51 )\t revis+ ! alphabet--a s*eme :i* 8 subsequ5t exp]i5ce be=e _m ye>s l$ him to ab&on4 ,su* a re=mation 0 aga9 attempt$1 ab\t =ty ye>s aft]1 by an o!r "y lawy]1 ! late lam5t$ ,?omas ,s4 ,grimke1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 b ) no m success4 ,m rec5tly1 phonography1 or phonetic writ+1 has be5 reviv$1 & to "s ext5t spread1 by ! publications ( ,isaac ,pitman1 ( ,ba?1 ,engl&1 & ( ,dr4 ,&rew ,com/ock1 ( ,philadelphia4 ,! sy/em ( ! =m] has be5 made kn[n 9 ,am]ica *iefly by ! lectures & o!r ef=ts ( ,&rews & ,boyle1 ( ,dr4 ,/one1 a citiz5 ( ,bo/on1 & ( ,e4 ,web/]1 a publi%] 9 ,philadelphia4 ,,obs4 #cj4--,! pronunciation ( words be+ evid5tly z defici5t 9 regul>ity1 9 uni=mity1 & 9 /ability1 z is _! or?ography1 if n m s1 _c be conv5i5tly made ! measure ( _! writt5 expression4 ,conc]n+ ! pr9ciple ( writ+ & pr9t+ by s\nds alone1 a rec5t writ] deliv]s 8 op9ion ?us3 ,let me "h obs]ve1 z some?+ n remote f our subject1 b1 on ! contr>y1 directly be>+ ^u x1 t ,i c conceive no o!r me?od ( s effectually defac+ & b>b>iz+ our ,engli% tongue1 no o!r s*eme t w\ld g s f> to empty x1 practically at lea/ & = u1 ( all ! ho>d$ wit1 wisdom1 imag9ation1 & hi/ory :i* x conta9s1 to cut ! vital n]ve :i* connects its pres5t ) ! pa/1 z ! introduction ( ! s*eme ( 'phonetic spell+1' :i* "s h lately be5 zeal\sly advocat+ among u2 ! pr9ciple ( :i* is1 t all words %\ld be spelt accord+ z !y are s\nd$1 t ! writ+ %\ld be1 9 e case1 subord9at$ to ! speak+4 ,! tacit assumption t x ought s to be1 is ! p]vad+ error runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole sy/em4--,r4 ,c4 ,tr5*1 on ! ,/udy ( ,words1 p4 #agg4 ,,obs4 #ca4--,! phonographic sy/em ( /5ography1 ta*ygraphy1 or %ort-h& writ+1 is1 ,i incl9e to believe1 a v great improvem5t ^u ! e>li] me?ods4 ,x is p]haps ! mo/ reliable mode ( tak+ d[n spee*es1 s]mons1 or argum5ts1 dur+ _! deliv]y1 & report+ !m = ! press2 ?\gh ,i _c pron\nce ^u ?is f any exp]i5ce ( my own 9 ! practice ( ! art4 ,& x seems highly probable1 if x has n be5 fully prov$1 t *ildr5 may at fir/ be taught to read m readily1 & ) bett] articulation1 f phonetic pr9t1 or phonotypy1 z x has be5 call$1 ?an f books t exhibit words 9 _! curr5t or e/abli%$ or?ography4 ,b /ill x is que/ionable :e!r x is n be/ = !m to le>n ea* ^w at fir/ by its peculi> or ideographic =m--! =m 9 :i* !y mu/ ultimately le>n to read x1 & :i* inde$ con/itutes its only or?ography4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,9 ,,spell+4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,f9al ,f1 ,l1 ,,or ,s4 ,he wil obs]ve ! moral law1 9 hiz conduct4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cbj4 ,,=mules--#a4 ,n prop]1 because ! ^w wil is "h spell$ ) "o l4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 ,monosyllables end+ 9 f1 l1 or s1 prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 d\ble ! f9al consonant4 ,!re=e1 ?is l %\ld be d\bl$2 ?us1 w4 #b4 ,n prop] aga91 because ! ^w hiz is "h spell$ ) z4 ,b1 accord+ to ! exceptions to ,rule #a/1 ,! words z1 gas1 has1 01 yes1 81 c41 are writt5 ) s+le s4 ,!re=e1 ?is z %\ld be s2 ?us1 84 ,a clif is a /eep bank1 or a precipit\s rock4--,see ,rhym+ ,dict4 ,a ne$y man's budget is ful ( s*emes4--,old ,adage4 ,few l>ge publications 9 ?is c\ntry wil pay a pr9t]4--,noah ,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 x4 ,i %al1 ) *e]fulness1 resign my o!r pap]s to oblivion4--,ib41 p4 x4 ,! proposition waz susp5d$ til ! next session ( ! legislature4--,ib41 p4 #cfb4 ,t5ants = life wil make ! mo/ ( l&s = !mselves4--,ib41 p4 #cff4 ,:ile e ?+ iz left to lazy negroes1 a /ate wil nev] be wel cultivat$4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,! heirs ( ! orig9al proprietors /il hold ! soil4--,ib41 p4 #cdi4 ,say my annual pr(it on money loan$ %al be six p] c5t4--,ib41 p4 #cjh4 ,no man w\ld submit to ! drudg]y ( bus9ess1 if he c\ld make money az fa/ by ly+ /il4--,ib41 p4 #caj4 ,a man may az wel fe$ himself ) a bodk91 az ) a knife ( ! pres5t fa%ion4--,ib41 p4 #djj4 ,! clo!s wil be ill wa%$1 ! food wil be badly cook$2 & y wil be a%am$ ( y\r wife1 if %e iz n a%am$ ( h]self4--,ib41 p4 #djd4 ,he wil submit to ! laws ( ! /ate1 :ile he iz a memb] ( x4--,ib41 p4 #cbj4 ,b wil our sage writ]s on law =ev] ?9k by tradition8--,ib41 p4 #cah4 ,"s /il reta9 a sov]eign p[] 9 _! t]ritories4--,ib41 p4 #bih4 ,!y sel images1 pray]s1 ! s\nd ( bels1 remission ( s9s1 c4--,p]k9s's ,!ology1 p4 #dja4 ,& ! law _h sacrifices (f]$ e day = ! s9s ( al ! p4--,ib41 p4 #djf4 ,!n x may please ! ,"l1 !y %al f9d x to be a re/orative4--,ib41 p4 #dbj4 ,p]dition is rep5tance put ( til a future day4--,old ,maxim4 ,! angels ( ,god1 :i* wil good & _c wil evil1 h nev]!less p]fect lib]ty ( wil4--,p]k9s's ,!ology1 p4 #gaf4 ,secondly1 ?is doctr9e cuts (f ! excuse ( al s94--,ib41 p4 #gag4 ,knel1 ! s\nd ( a bell rung at a fun]al4--,johnson & ,walk]4 ,if gold ) dros or gra9 ) *af y f9d1 ,select--& leave ! *af & dros beh9d4--,au?or4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,o!r ,,f9als4 ,! mobb ha? _m heads1 b no bra9s4--,old ,maxim4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w mobb is "h spell$ ) d\ble b4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 ,words end+ 9 any o!r consonant ?an f1 l1 or s1 d n d\ble ! f9al lett]4 ,!re=e1 ?is b %\ld be s+le3 ?us1 mob4 ,clamm1 to clog ) any glut9\s or visc\s matt]4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,:urr1 to pron\nce ! lett] r ) too mu* =ce4--,ib4 ,flipp1 a mix$ liquor1 consi/+ ( be] & spirits sweet5$4--,ib4 ,glynn1 a holl[ betwe5 two m\nta9s1 a gl54--,*ur*ill's ,gramm>1 p4 #bb4 ,lamm1 to beat s\ndly ) a cudgel or bludgeon4--,walk]'s ,dict4 ,bunn1 a small cake1 a simnel1 a k9d ( sweet bread4--,see ib4 ,brunett1 a woman ) a br[n complexion4--,ib4 & ,johnson's ,dict4 ,wad'sett1 an anci5t t5ure or lease ( l& 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,to dodd %eep1 is to cut ! wool away ab\t _! tails4--,ib4 ,9 aliquem ariet>e1 ,,cic4 ,to run full b at "o4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ie4 ,nei!r y\r policy nor y\r temp] w\ld p]mitt y to kill me4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dbg4 ,& admitt none b 8 own (fspr+ to fulfill !m4--,ib41 i1 #dcg4 ,! summ ( all ?is ,dispute is1 t "s make !m ,p>ticiples1 c4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #ceb4 ,z1 ! :i/l+ ( w9ds1 ! buz & hum ( insects1 ! hiss ( s]p5ts1 ! cra% ( fall+ timb]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abi2 ,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bdg2 ,g\ld's1 #bch4 ,vann1 to w9n[1 or a fan = w9n[+4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict4 ,creatures t buz1 are v commonly su* z w /+4--,au?or ,begg1 buy1 or borr[2 butt bew>e h[ y f9d4--,id4 ,x is bett] to h a h\se to lett1 ?an a h\se to gett4--,id4 ,let n y\r tongue cutt y\r ?roat4--,old ,precept4 ,a little witt w save a =tunate man4--,old ,adage4 ,!re is _m a slipp 'twixt ! cup & ! lipp4--,id4 ,mo!rs' d>l+s make b milksopp h]oes4--,id4 ,"o eye-witness is wor? t5n he>says4--,id4 ,! judge %all jobb1 ! bi%op bite ! t[n1 ,& mighty dukes pack c>ds = half a cr[n4--,,pope3 9 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,pack4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,d\bl+4 ,friz1 to curl2 friz$1 curl$2 friz+1 curl+4--,web/]'s ,dict41 #hvo4 ,ed4 ( #ahbi4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! words friz$ & friz+ are "h spell$ ) ! s+le z1 ( _! primitive friz4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 ,monosyllables1 & words acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 :5 !y end ) a s+le consonant prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 d\ble _! f9al consonant be=e an additional syllable t beg9s ) a v[el4 ,!re=e1 ?is z %\ld be d\bl$2 ?us1 frizz$1 frizz+4 ,! comm]cial int]e/s s]v$ to fo/] ! pr9ciples ( ,:igism4--,payne's ,geog41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #eaa4 ,_! extreme indol5ce %un$ e species ( lab\r4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cda4 ,9 pov]ty & /rip$ness !y att5d _! little meet+s4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #bef4 ,9 guid+ & control+#abf ! p[] y h ?us obta9$4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #ae4 ,i began1 ,?\ begane/1 ,he began2 ,we began1 ,y began1 ,!y began4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,:y does began *ange its end+2 z1 ,i began1 ,?\ begane/8--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,tru? & consci5ce _c be control$ by any me?ods ( co]cion4--,h9ts on ,tol]ation1 p4 xvi4 ,dr4 ,web/] nod$1 :5 he wrote 'knit1 knit]1 & knit+ne$le' )\t d\bl+ ! t4--,see ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #acf4 ,a wag %\ld h wit en\gh to "k :5 o!r wags are quiz+ him4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,bon'y1 h&some1 beautiful1 m]ry4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict4 ,coqueti%1 practic+ coquetry2 aft] ! mann] ( a jilt4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,potage1 a species ( food1 made ( meat & vegetables boil$ to s(tness 9 wat]4--,see ib4 ,potag]1 f potage1 a porr+]1 a small vessel = *ildr5's food4--,see ib41 & ,worce/]'s4 ,compromit1 compromit$1 compromit+2 manumit1 manumitt$1 manumitt+4--,web/]4 ,inf]ible2 t may be inf]r$ or d$uc$ f premises4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #bbh4 ,acids are ei!r solid1 liquid1 or gase\s4--,gregory's ,dict41 art4 ,*emi/ry4 ,! sp>k w pass ?r\gh ! int]rupt$ space betwe5 ! two wires1 & explode ! gases4--,ib4 ,d we s\nd gases & gase\s l cases & case\s8 ,no3 !y are m l glasses & osse\s4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,i %all n ne$ "h to m5tion ,swim+1 :5 he is ( an age able to le>n4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #ab4 ,:y d lexicograph]s spell ?9ni% & manni% ) two ,ens1 & dimi% & rami% ) "o ,em1 ea*8--,see ,johnson & ,web/]4 ,gas =ms ! plural regul>ly1 gases4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,s+ul>1 ,gas2 ,plural1 ,gases4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,^! are contractions f %$$1 bur/$4--,hiley's ,gramm>1 p4 #de4 ,! ,pres5t ,t5se d5otes :at is occur+ at ! pres5t "t4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #cf1 & p4 #fa4 ,! v]b end+ 9 e? is ( ! solemn or antiquat$ /yle2 z1 he love?1 he walke?1 he rune?4--,p4 ,davis's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,?ro' fre$om's sons no m remon/rance r+s1 ,degrad+ nobles & control+ k+s4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #bib4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4--,,no ,,d\bl+4 ,a bigott$ & tyrannical cl]gy w be fe>$4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #gh4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! f9al t ( bigot is "h d\bl$ 9 bigott$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 ,a f9al consonant1 :5 x is n prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 or :5 ! acc5t is n on ! la/ syllable1 %\ld rema9 s+le be=e an additional syllable4 ,!re=e1 ?is t %\ld be s+le2 ?us1 bigot$4 ,jacob wor%ipp$ 8 ,creator1 lean+ on ! top ( 8 /aff4--,key 9 ,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #ahe4 ,= x is all m>vel\sly de/itute ( int]e/4--,m]*ant's ,criticisms4 ,z1 box1 boxes2 *ur*1 *ur*es2 la%1 la%es2 kiss1 kisses2 rebus1 rebusses4--,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #db4 ,gossipp+ & ly+ g h& 9 h&4--,old ,maxim4 ,! sub/ance ( ! ,criticisms on ! ,div]sions ( ,purley 01 ) s+ul> indu/ry1 gossipp$ by ! pres5t preci\s secret>y ( w>1 9 ,payne ! booksell]'s %op4--,see ,key4 ,wor%ip makes wor%ipp$1 wor%ipp]1 wor%ipp+2 gossip1 gossipp$1 gossipp]1 gossipp+2 fillip1 fillipp$1 fillipp]1 fillipp+4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #gb4 ,i became z fidgetty z a fly 9 a milk-jug4--,blackwood's ,mag41 ,vol4 xl1 p4 #fgd4 ,t enorm\s error seems to be rivett$ 9 popul> op9ion4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cfd4 ,^: m9d iz n biass$ by p]sonal atta*m5ts to a sov]eign4--,ib41 p4 #cah4 ,laws aga9/ usury orig9at$ 9 a bigott$ prejudice aga9/ ! ,jews4--,ib41 p4 #cae4 ,! mo/ criticcal p]iod ( life iz usually betwe5 ?irte5 & sev5te54--,ib41 p4 #chh4 ,g5]allissimo1 ! *ief comm&] ( an army or milit>y =ce4--,see ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #ic4 ,tranquillize1 to quiet1 to make calm & peaceful4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,pommel$1 beat51 bruis$2 hav+ pommels1 z a sword or dagg]4--,web/] & ,*alm]s4 ,f :at a height does ! jewel] look d[n ^u 8 %oemak]6--,r$ ,book1 p4 #ajh4 ,y w h a v]bal acc\nt f my fri5d & fell[ travel]4--,ib41 p4 #aee4 ,i obs]ve t y h writt5 ! ^w c\nsel$ ) "o l only4--,ib41 p4 #agc4 ,!y 7 (f5d$ at su* z combatt$ ^! notions4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dcg4 ,f libel1 come libel$1 libel]1 libel+1 libel\s2 f grovel1 grovel$1 grovel]1 grovel+2 f gravel1 gravel$ & gravel+4--,see ,web/]'s ,dict4 ,wool9ess1 ! /ate ( be+ woolly4--,ib4 ,yet he has spell$ *appell+1 bordell]1 m$alli/1 metall9e1 metalli/1 metallize1 clavellat$1 c4 ) ll1 contr>y to 8 rule4--,cobb's ,review ( ,web/]1 p4 #aa4 ,aga91 he has spell$ cancelation & snively ) s+le l1 & cupellation1 pannellation1 wittolly1 ) ll4--,ib4 ,oilly1 fatty1 greasy1 conta9+ oil1 glib4--,rhym+ ,dict4 ,m$alli/1 "o curi\s 9 m$als2 ,metalli/1 "o skill$ 9 metals4--,johnson1 ,web/]1 ,worce/]1 ,cobb1 et al4 ,he is b5efitt$4--,t[n's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #e4 ,!y travel$ = pleasure4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,gram41 p4 #aja4 ,)\t y1 :at 7 man8 ,a grovel+ h]d1 ,9 d>kness1 wret*$ness1 & want en*a9'd4 --,beattie's ,m9/rel1 p4 #dj4 ,,"u ,,rule ,v4--,,( ,,f9al ,,ck4 ,he hopes1 !re=e1 to be p>don$ by ! critick4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w critick is "h spell$ ) a f9al k4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 ,monosyllables & ,engli% v]bs end n ) c1 b take ck = d\ble c2 z1 rack1 wreck1 rock1 attack3 b1 9 g5]al1 words d]iv$ f ! le>n$ languages ne$ n ! k1 & common use disc>ds x4 ,!re=e1 ?is k %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 critic4 ,! lead+ object ( e publick speak] %\ld be to p]suade4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aec4 ,may n f\r feet be z poetick z five2 or fifte5 feet1 z poetick z fifty8--,ib41 p4 #adf4 ,avoid all !atrical trick & mimickry1 & especially all s*ola/ick /iffness4--,ib41 p4 #aed4 ,no "o ?9ks ( becom+ skill$ 9 danc+1 or 9 musick1 or 9 ma!maticks1 or logick1 )\t long & close application to ! subject4--,ib41 p4 #aeb4 ,casp>'s s5se ( feel+1 & susceptibility ( metallick & magnetick excitem5t 7 also v extraord9>y4--,ib41 p4 #bch4 ,au?or%ip has become a mania1 or1 p]haps ,i %\ld say1 an epidemick4--,ib41 p4 #f4 ,:at c prev5t ?is republick f soon rais+ a lit]>y /&>d8--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,c\rte\s read]1 y may ?9k me g>rul\s ^u topicks q =eign to ! subject be=e me4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,( ! ,tonick1 ,subtonick1 & ,atoniek elem5ts4--,ib41 p4 #ae4 ,! subtonick elem5ts are inf]i\r to ! tonicks 9 all ! emphatick & elegant purposes ( spee*4--,ib41 p4 #cb4 ,! n9e atonicks1 & ! ?ree abrupt subtonicks cause an int]ruption to ! cont9uity ( ! syllabick impulse4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,on sci5tifick pr9ciples1 conjunctions & prepositions are b "o "p ( spee*4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,t "s inf]ior animals %\ld be able to mimic human articulation1 w n seem wond]ful4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #b4 ,:5 "y1 y l$ a life mona/ick1 ,& wore a ve/ ecelesia/ick2 ,n[1 9 y\r age1 y gr[ fanta/ick4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4--,,( ,,reta9+4 ,fe>lesness1 exemption f fe>1 intrepidity4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w fe>lesness is "h all[$ to drop "o s ( fe>less4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #f?1 ,words end+ ) any d\ble lett]1 pres]ve x d\ble be=e any additional t]m9ation n beg9n+ ) ! same lett]4 ,!re=e1 ! o!r s %\ld be ins]t$2 ?us1 fe>lessness4 ,dreadlesness2 fe>lesness1 intrepidity1 undaunt$ness4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,reg>dlesly1 )\t he$2 ,reg>dlesness1 he$lessness1 inatt5tion4--,ib4 ,blamelesly1 innoc5tly2 ,blamlesness1 innoc5ce4--,ib4 ,t is bett] ?an to be flatt]$ into pride & c>elesness4--,,taylor3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,good =tunes began to bre$ a pr\d recklesness 9 !m4--,,sidney3 ib4 ,see :e!r he lazily & li/lesly dreams away 8 "t4--,,locke3 ib4 ,x may be1 ! palate ( ! s\l is indispos$ by li/lesness or sorr[4--,,taylor3 ib4 ,pitilesly1 )\t m]cy2 ,pitilesness1 unm]cifulness4--,johnson4 ,:at say y to su* z ^!8 abom9able1 accordable1 agreable1 c4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dcb4 ,artlesly2 naturally1 s9c]ely1 )\t craft4--,johnson4 ,a *ilness1 or %iv]+ ( ! body1 g5]ally prec$es a fev]4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #afg4 ,smalness2 littl5ess1 m9ut5ess1 weakness4--,rhym+ ,dict4 ,gall-less1 a4 free f gall or bitt]ness4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,talness2 height ( /ature1 upright l5g? ) comp>ative sl5d]ness4--,see ,johnson et al4 ,wilful2 /ubborn1 contumaci\s1 p]v]se1 inflexible4--,id4 ,he guid$ !m by ! skilfulness ( 8 h&s4--,psal4 lxxviii1 #gb4 ,! e>? is ! ,"l's & ! fulness !re(4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #agb4 ,:at is n[1 is b an amasm5t ( imag9>y conceptions4--,,glanville3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,emb>rasm5t2 p]plexity1 entanglem5t4--,see ,littleton's ,dict4 ,! second is slo?fulness1 :]eby !y are p]=m$ slackly & c>elesly4--,p]k9s's ,!ology1 p4 #gbi4 ,in/alm5t2 induction into (fice2 "p ( a l>ge sum ( money1 to be paid at a p>ticul> "t4--,see ,johnson's ,dict4 ,in?ralm5t2 s]vitude1 slav]y4--,ib4 ,i1 :o at "s times sp5d1 at o!rs sp>e1 ,divid$ betwe5 c>elesness & c>e4--,pope4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii4--,,( ,,reta9+4 ,%all1 on ! contr>y1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 simply =etels4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #hh2 ,+]soll's1 #acf2 ,fisk's1 #gh2 ,jaudon's1 #ei2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #db2 ,wright's1 #ij2 ,bullions's1 #cb4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w =etels does n "h reta9 ! d\ble l ( tell4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 ,words end+ ) any d\ble lett]1 pres]ve x d\ble 9 all d]ivatives =m$ f !m by means ( prefixes4 ,!re=e1 ! o!r l %\ld be ins]t$2 ?us1 =etells4 ,!re are a few comp\nd irregul> v]bs1 z befal1 bespeak1 c4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,t we might frequ5tly recal x to our memory4--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 p4 #aab4 ,! angels ex]cise a con/ant solicitude t no evil befal u4--,ib41 p4 #ajg4 ,in?ral2 to enslave1 to %ackle1 to r$uce to s]vitude4--,walk]'s ,dict4 ,he makes resolutions1 & fulfils !m by new ones4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #ach4 ,to enrol my humble "n ^u ! li/ ( au?ors on ,elocution4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ab4 ,=e/al2 to anticipate1 to take up be=eh&4--,walk]'s ,rhym4 ,dict4 ,miscal2 to call wrong1 to "n improp]ly4--,johnson4 ,be?ral2 to enslave1 to r$uce to bondage4--,see id4 ,befal2 to happ5 to1 to come to pass4--,rhym4 ,dict4 ,unrol2 to op5 :at is roll$ or convolv$4--,johnson4 ,c\nt]rol2 to keep copies ( acc\nts to prev5t frauds4--,see id4 ,z ,sisyphus uprols a rock1 :i* con/antly ov]p[]s him at ! summit4--,au?or4 ,unwel2 n well1 indispos$1 n 9 good heal?4--,see ,r$ ,book1 p4 #ccf4 ,und]sel2 to defeat by sell+ = less1 to sell *eap] ?an an o!r4--,see id41 p4 #ccb4 ,inwal2 to enclose or =tify ) a wall4--,see id41 p4 #bie4 ,twibil2 an in/rum5t ) two bills1 or ) a po9t & a blade2 a pickaxe1 a mattock1 a halb]d1 a battle-axe4--,see ,dict4 ,:at y miscal _! folly1 is _! c>e4--,dryd54 ,my he>t w sigh :5 ,i miscal x s4--,%akspe>e4 ,b if ! arrangem5t recal "o set ( ideas m readily ?an ano!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acj4 ',tis done2 & s9ce 'tis done1 'tis pa/ recal2 ,& s9ce 'tis pa/ recal1 mu/ be =gott54--,dryd54 ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii4--,,( ,,f9al ,,ll4 ,! righte\s is tak5 away f ! evill to come4--,p]k9s's ,works1 p4 #dag4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w evill is "h writt5 ) f9al ll4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 ,f9al ll is peculi> to monosyllables & _! comp\nds1 ) ! few d]ivatives =m$ f su* roots by prefixes2 consequ5tly1 all o!r words t end 9 l1 mu/ be t]m9at$ ) a s+le l4 ,!re=e1 "o l %\ld be "h omitt$2 ?us1 evil4 ,patroll2 to g ! r\nds 9 a camp or g>rison1 to m>* ab\t & obs]ve :at passes4--,web/]'s ,am]4 ,dict41 #hvo4 ,m>%all2 ! *ief (fic] ( arms1 "o :o regulates rank & ord]4--,see ,bailey's ,dict4 ,weevill2 a de/ructive grub t gets among corn4--,see ,rhym4 ,dict4 ,x mu* excells all o!r /udies & arts4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bag4 ,x is ess5tiall to all magnitudes1 to be 9 "o place4--,p]k9s's ,works1 p4 #djc4 ,by nature ,i 0 ?y vassall1 b ,*ri/ ha? r$eem$ me4--,ib41 p4 #djd4 ,"s1 be+ 9 want1 pray = temporall bless+s4--,ib41 p4 #dab4 ,& ?is ! ,"l do?1 ei!r 9 temporall or spirituall b5efits4--,ib41 p4 #dae4 ,he makes an idoll ( !m1 by sett+ 8 he>t on !m4--,ib41 p4 #daf4 ,?is triall by des]tion s]ve? = two purposes4--,ib41 p4 #dbj4 ,moreov]1 ?is de/ruction is bo? p]petuall & t]rible4--,ib41 p4 #gbf4 ,giv+ to sev]all m5 sev]al gifts1 accord+ to 8 good pleasure4--,ib41 p4 #gca4 ,untill2 to "s "t1 place1 or degree1 m5tion$4--,see ,r$ ,book1 p4 #ccj4 ,annull2 to make void1 to nullify1 to abrogate1 to aboli%4 ,nitric acid comb9$ ) argill1 =ms ! nitrate ( argill4--,gregory's ,dict41 art4 ,*emi/ry4 ,let mode/ ,fo/]1 if he w1 excell ,t5 ,metropolitans 9 prea*+ well4--,pope1 p4 #dad4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ix4--,,( ,,f9al ,e4 ,adjectives end+ 9 able signify capacity2 z1 com=table1 t5able1 improvable4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w improveable "h reta9s ! f9al e ( improve4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 ,! f9al e ( a primitive ^w is g5]ally omitt$ be=e an additional t]m9ation beg9n+ ) a v[el4 ,!re=e1 ?is e %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 improvable4 ,_! mildness & hospitality are ascribeable to a g5]al adm9i/ration ( religi\s ord9ances4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ccf4 ,retr5* z mu* z possible )\t obscure+ ! s5se4--,james ,br[n's ,am]4 ,gram41 #ahba1 p4 #aa4 ,*angable1 subject to *ange2 ,un*angeable1 immutable4--,walk]'s ,rhym4 ,dict4 ,tameable1 susceptive ( tam+2 ,untameable1 n to be tam$4--,ib4 ,reconcileable1 ,unreconcileable1 ,reconcileabl5ess2 ,irreconcilable1 ,irreconcilably1 ,irreconcilabl5ess4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,we h ?\ght x mo/ adviseable to pay him "s little att5tion4-- ,m]*ants ,criticisms4 ,proveable1 t may be prov$2 ,reprovable4 blameable1 wor?y ( repreh5sion4--,walk]'s ,dict4 ,moveable & ,immovable1 ,moveably & ,immovably1 ,moveables & ,removal1 ,moveabl5ess & ,improvabl5ess1 ,unremoveable & ,unimprovable1 ,unremoveably & ,removable1 ,proveable & ,approvable1 ,irreproveable & ,reprovable1 ,unreproveable & ,improvable1 ,unimproveabl5ess & ,improvably4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,& ) ?is cruelty y are *>gable 9 "s measure y\rself4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #id4 ,mo!rs w\ld c]ta9ly res5t x1 z judge+ x proce$$ f a l[ op9ion ( ! g5ius ( _! sex4--,briti% ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 xxv4 ,ti!able1 subject to ! paym5t ( ti!s2 ,saleable1 v5dible1 fit = sale2 ,loseable1 possible to be lo/2 ,sizeable1 ( reasonable bulk or size4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict4 ,:5 he began ?is cu/om1 he 0 pule+ & v t5d]4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #h4 ,! plate1 co91 rev5ues1 & moveables1 ,:]e( our uncle ,gaunt did /& possess'd4--,%ak4 ,,"u ,,rule ,x4--,,( ,,f9al ,e4 ,div]sly2 9 diff]5t ways1 diff]5tly1 v>i\sly4--,rhym4 ,dict41 & ,web/]'s4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w ,div]sly "h omits ! f9al e ( its primitive ^w1 div]se4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 ,! f9al e ( a primitive ^w is g5]ally reta9$ be=e an additional t]m9ation beg9n+ ) a consonant4 ,!re=e1 ?is e %\ld be reta9$2 ?us1 ,div]sely4 ,! ev5t !re( conta9s a :olsome in/ruction4--,bacon's ,wisdom ( ! ,anci5ts1 p4 #ag4 ,:5ce ,scalig] falsly conclud$ t articles 7 useless4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,! *ild t we h j se5 is :olesomly f$4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahg4 ,inde$1 fal%ood & leg]dema9 s9k ! "* ( a pr9ce4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #e4 ,9 e>ne/1 at ?is rate ( managm5t1 ?\ use/ ?yself v co>sly4--,ib41 p4 #ai4 ,to give !m an arrangm5t & div]sity1 z agreeable z ! nature ( ! subject w\ld admit--,murray's ,pref4 to ,ex41 p4 vi4 ,alg]'s ,gramm> is only a trifl+ enl>gm5t ( ,murray's little ,abridgm5t4--,au?or4 ,y ask :e!r y are to reta9 or omit ! mute e 9 ! ^w judgm5t1 abridgm5t1 ackn[l$gm5t1 lodgm5t1 adjudgm5t1 & prejudgm5t4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #agb4 ,f]til5ess1 fruitfulness2 ,f]tily1 fruitfully1 abundantly4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,*a/ly1 purely1 )\t contam9ation2 ,*a/ness1 *a/ity1 purity4--,ib41 & ,walk]'s4 ,rhym/]1 n4 ,"o :o makes rhymes2 a v]sifi]2 a mean poet4--,johnson & ,web/]4 ,x is !re=e an h]oical a*ievm5t to dispossess ?is imag9>y mon>*4--,b]kley's ,m9ute ,philos41 p4 #aea4 ,:]eby1 is n meant ! ,pres5t ,"t1 z he imag9s1 b ! ,"t ,pa/4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cdd ,s f> is ?is ^w f affect+ ! n\n1 9 reg>d to its def9itness1 t its own "* ( def9itness or indef9itness1 dep5ds ^u ! "n to :i* x is prefix$4--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,satire1 by :olsome ,lessons1 w\'d reclaim1 ,& heal _! ,vices to secure _! ,fame4 --,brightl&'s ,gr41 p4 #aga4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi4--,,( ,,f9al ,y4 ,solon's ! v]ye/ fool 9 all ! play4--,dryd51 f ,p]sius1 p4 #dge4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w v]ye/ "h reta9s ! f9al y ( its primitive v4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ac?1 ,! f9al y ( a primitive ^w1 :5 prec$$ by a consonant1 is g5]ally *ang$ into i be=e an additional t]m9ation4 ,!re=e1 ?is y %\ld be *ang$ to i2 ?us1 v]ie/4 ,our au?or prides himself ^u 8 great slyness & %rewdness4--,m]*ant's ,criticisms4 ,?is t5se1 !n1 implys also ! signification ( ,debeo4--,b4 ,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cjj4 ,t may be apply'd to a ,subject1 ) respect to some?+ accid5tal4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,?is latt] accompanys 8 ,note ) a di/9ction4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,?is ,rule is defective1 & none ( ! ,annotators h suffici5tly supply'd x4--,ib41 p4 #bjd4 ,?\gh ! fancy'd ,supplem5t ( ,sanctius1 ,scioppius1 ,vossius1 & ,m>iangelus1 may take place4--,ib41 p4 #bgf4 ,yet z to ! commutabl5ess ( ^! two ,t5ses1 :i* is d5y'd likewise1 !y are all "o4--,ib41 p4 #caa4 ,bo? ^! ,t5ses may repres5t a ,futurity imply$ by ! dep5d5ce ( ! ,clause4--,ib41 p4 #ccb4 ,cry1 cries1 cry+1 cri$1 cri]1 decrial2 ,%y1 %y]1 %ye/1 %yly1 %yness2 ,fly1 flies1 fly+1 fli]1 high-fli]2 ,sly1 sly]1 slye/1 slyly1 slyness2 ,spy1 spies1 spy+1 spi$1 espial2 ,dry1 dri]1 drie/1 dryly1 dryness4--,cobb's ,dict4 ,cry1 cri$1 cry+1 cri]1 cry]1 decri$1 decri]1 decrial2 ,%y1 %yly1 %ily1 %yness1 %9ess2 ,fly1 fli]1 fly]1 high-fly]2 ,sly1 slily1 slyly1 sl9ess1 slyness2 ,ply1 ply]1 ply+1 pli]s1 compli$1 compil]2 ,dry1 dri]1 dry]1 dryly1 dryness4--,web/]'s ,dict41 #hvo4 ,cry1 cri]1 decri]1 decrial2 ,%y1 %ily1 %yly1 %9ess1 %yness2 ,fly1 fli]1 fly]1 high-fli]2 ,sly1 slily1 slyly1 sl9ess1 slyness2 ,ply1 pli]s1 ply]s1 ply+1 compli]2 ,dry1 dri]1 dry]1 dryly1 dryness4--,*alm]s's ,abridgem5t ( ,todd's ,johnson4 ,i w\ld soon] li/5 to ! ?rumm+ ( a d&yzette at h] piano4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bd4 ,s5d h] away2 = %e crye? aft] u4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,,ivy$1 a4 ,ov]gr[n ) ivy4--,todd's ,dict41 & ,web/]'s4 ,"s dryly pla91 )\t inv5tion's aid1 ,write dull receipts h[ poems may be made4--,pope4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii4--,,( ,,f9al ,y4 ,! gaiety ( y\? %\ld be temp]$ by ! precepts ( age4--,mur4 ,key1 p4 #age4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w gaiety does n "h reta9 ! f9al y ( ! primitive ^w gay4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ab?1 ,! f9al y ( a primitive ^w1 :5 prec$$ by a v[el1 %\ld n be *ang$ into i be=e an additional t]m9ation4 ,!re=e1 ?is y %\ld be reta9$2 ?us1 gayety4 ,9 ! /orm ( #agjc1 two ?\s& /acks ( *imnies 7 bl[n d[n1 9 & ab\t ,london4--,see ,r$ ,book1 p4 #aab4 ,& ! vexation 0 n abat$ by ! hackni$ plea ( ha/e4--,ib41 p4 #adb4 ,! f\r? s9 ( our daies is lukew>mness4--,p]k9s's ,works1 p4 #gbe4 ,god hates ! work]s ( iniquity1 & de/roies !m t speak lies4--,ib41 p4 #gbc4 ,=1 :5 he laies 8 h& ^u u1 we may n fret4--,ib41 p4 #gbf4 ,c>e n = x2 b if ?\ maie/ be free1 *oose x r4--,ib41 p4 #gcf4 ,alex&] ,sev]us sai?1 ',he t buie?1 mu/ sell3 ,i w n suff] buy]s & sell]s ( (fices4'--,ib41 p4 #gcg4 ,) ^! measures fell 9 all moni$ m54--,,swift3 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,b rattl+ nons5se 9 full vollies breaks4--,,pope3 ib41 w4 ,volley4 ,vallies are ! int]vals betwixt m\nta9s4--,,woodw>d3 ib4 ,! ,hebrews _h fifty-two j\rnies or m>*es4--,wood's ,dict4 ,x 0 n possible to manage or /e] ! gallies ?us fa/5$ toge!r4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ajf4 ,turkies 7 n kn[n to naturali/s till aft] ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4--,see ,gregory's ,dict4 ,i w\ld n h giv5 x = a wild]ness ( monkies4--,see ,key4 ,m5 work$ at embroid]y1 especially 9 abbies4--,con/able's ,miscellany1 ,vol4 xxi1 p4 #aja4 ,by :i* all pur*as]s or mortgagees may be secur$ ( all monies !y lay out4--,,temple3 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,he w\ld fly to ! m9es & ! gallies = 8 recreation4--,,s\?3 ,ib4 ,"h pullies make ! pond'r\s oak asc5d4--,,gay3 ib4 ------------,y ne$ my help1 & y say1 ,%ylock1 we w\ld h monies4--,,%akspe>e3 ib4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,( ,,ize ,,& ,,ise4 ,w any able writ] au?orise o!r m5 to revise 8 works8--,au?or4 ,,=mules4--#a4 ,n prop]1 because ! ^w au?orise is "h writt5 ) s 9 ! la/ syllable1 9 /ead ( z4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ac?1 ,words end+ 9 ize or ise s\nd$ alike1 z 9 wise & size1 g5]ally take ! z 9 all su* z are ess5tially =m$ by means ( ! t]m9ation4 ,!re=e1 ?is s %\ld be z2 ?us1 au?orize4 #b4 ,n prop] aga91 because ! ^w revize is "h writt5 ) z 9 ! la/ syllable1 9 lieu ( s4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ac?1 ,words end+ 9 ize or ise s\nd$ alike1 z 9 wise & size1 g5]ally take ! s1 9 monosyllables1 & all su* z are ess5tially =m$ by means ( prefixes4 ,!re=e1 ?is z %\ld be s2 ?us1 revise4 ,x c be made z /rong & expressive z ?is ,lat9is$ ,engli%4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bie4 ,gov]n$ by ! success or ! failure ( an ent]prize4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 pp4 #abh & #bei4 ,:o h patronis$ ! cause ( ju/ice aga9/ p[]ful oppressors4--,ib41 pp4 #id & #bbh2 ,m]*ant1 p4 #aii4 ,yet cu/om au?orises ?is use ( x4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,!y surprize myself1 99 99 99 & ,i ev5 ?9k ! writ]s !mselves w be surpriz$4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 xi4 ,let ! int]e/ rize to any sum :i* c be obta9$4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #caj4 ,to det]m9 :at int]e/ %all arize on ! use ( money4--,ib41 p4 #cac4 ,to direct ! popul> c\ncils & *eck a riz+ opposition4--,ib41 p4 #cce4 ,five 7 appo9t$ to ! imm$iate ex]cize ( ! (fice4--,ib41 p4 #cdj4 ,no man ev] (f]s himself z a c&idate by adv]tiz+4--,ib41 p4 #cdd4 ,!y are hone/ & economical1 b indol5t1 & de/itute ( ent]prize4--,ib41 p4 #cdg4 ,i w\ld h[ev] advize y to be cauti\s4--,ib41 p4 #djd4 ,we are acc\ntable = :atev] we patronise 9 o!rs4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #age4 ,aft] he 0 baptis$1 & 0 solemnly admitt$ into ! (fice4--,p]k9s's ,works1 p4 #gcb4 ,he w f9d all1 or mo/ ( !m1 compriz$ 9 ! ,ex]cises4--,briti% ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 v4 ,a quick & ready habit ( me?odis+ & regulat+ _! ?\ghts4--,ib41 p4 xviii4 ,to tyrannise ov] ! "t & pati5ce ( 8 read]4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 iii4 ,writ]s ( dull books1 h[ev]1 if patronis$ at all1 are rew>d$ beyond _! des]ts4--,ib41 p4 v4 ,a little reflection1 w %[ ! read] ! propriety & ! reason = emphasis+ ! words m>k$4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,! ,engli% ,*ronicle conta9s an acc\nt ( a surpriz+ cure4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #fa4 ,dogmatise1 to ass]t positively2 ,dogmatiz]1 an ass]t]1 a magi/]ial tea*]4--,*alm]s's ,dict4 ,& _! inflections might n[ h be5 easily analys$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aac4 ,au?orize1 disau?orise1 & unau?oriz$2 ,temporize1 contemporise1 & extemporize4--,walk]s ,dict4 ,legalize1 equalise1 me?odise1 slugg>dize1 womanise1 humanize1 patronise1 cantonize1 gluttonise1 epitomise1 anatomize1 phlebotomise1 sanctu>ise1 *>act]ize1 synonymise1 recognise1 detonize1 colonise4--,ibid4 ,?is ,,beauty ,sweetness always mu/ comprize1 ,:i* f ! ,subject1 well express'd w rise4 --,brightl&'s ,gr41 p4 #afd4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,( ,,comp\nds4 ,! glory ( ! ,"l %all be ?y r]ew>d4--,,common ,,bibles3 ,isa41 lviii1 #h4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! comp\nd ^w r]ew>d has n "h ! or?ography ( ! two simple words re> & w>d1 :i* compose x4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ad?1 ,comp\nds g5]ally reta9 ! or?ography ( ! simple words :i* compose !m4 ,&1 ! acc5t be+ "h unfix$1 a hyph5 is prop]4 ,!re=e1 ?is ^w %\ld be spell$ ?us1 re>-w>d4 ,a m]e vaunt-c\ri] to ann\nce ! com+ ( 8 ma/]4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #di4 ,! p>ti-col\r$ %utt] appe>$ to come close up be=e him4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bcc4 ,:5 ! day broke ^u ?is h&full ( =lorn b dauntless spirits4--,ib41 p4 #bde4 ,if1 ^u a plumbtree1 pea*es & apricots are +raft$1 no body w say !y are ! natural gr[? ( ! plumbtree4--,b]kley's ,m9ute ,philos41 p4 #de4 ,! *annel betwe5 ,newf\ndl& & ,labrador is call$ ! ,/raits ( ,bellisle4--,worce/]'s ,gaz4 ,!re be+ no?+ t m exposes to ,heada*4 #abg--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #f4 ,&1 by a sleep1 to say we end ! he>ta*4--,,%ak43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,he t sleeps1 feels n ! too?a*4--,,id41 ibid4 ,t ! %oe mu/ fit him1 because x fitt$ 8 fa!r & granfa!r4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dca4 ,a s+le ^w1 mispelt1 9 a lett]1 is suffici5t to %[1 t y h receiv$ a defective education4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,:i* mi/atem5t ! committee attribut$ to a failure ( memory4--,pr(essors' ,reasons1 p4 #ad4 ,!n he w5t ?r\gh ! ,banquett+-,h\se to ! scaffold4-- ,smollett's ,engl&1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #cde4 ,= ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ a cl]gyman & skoolma/]4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cee4 ,!y h[ev] knew t ! l&s 7 claim$ by ,p5sylvania4--,ib41 p4 #ceg4 ,b if y ask a reason1 !y imm$iately bid f>ewel to argum5t4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #hj4 ,:om resi/ /$fa/ 9 ! fai?4--,,scott3 #a ,pet]1 v1 #i4 ,& !y cont9u$ /$fa/ly 9 ! apo/les' doctr9e4--,acts1 ii1 #db4 ,bew>e le/ ye also fall f y\r own /$fa/ness4--#b ,pet]1 iii1 #ag4 ,galiot1 or galliott1 a ,dut* vessel1 c>ry+ a ma9-ma/ & a miz5-ma/4--,web4 ,dict4 ,inf9itive1 to ov]fl[2 ,pret]it1 ov]fl[$2 ,p>ticiple1 ov]fl[n4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 7#ahah17 p4 #fa4 ,aft] !y h misp5t s mu* preci\s ,"t4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 xv4 ,"s say1 two h&sfull2 "s1 two h&fulls2 & o!rs1 two h&full4-- ,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,lapfull1 z mu* z ! lap c conta94--,web/]'s ,octavo ,dict4 ,d>efull1 full ( defiance4-- ,walk]'s ,rhym4 ,dict4 ,! road to ! blissfull regions1 is z op5 to ! peasant z to ! k+4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #afg4 ,mis-spel is mis-spell 9 e ,diction>y :i* ,i h se54--,b>nes's ,r$ ,book4 p4 #cjc4 ,d[nfal2 ru91 calamity1 fall f rank or /ate4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,! :ole legislature likewize acts az a c\rt4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cdj4 ,x 7 bett] a mil/one 7 hang$ ab\t 8 neck4--,p]k9s's ,works1 p4 #gca4 ,plum-tree1 a tree t produces plums2 ,hog-plumbtree1 a tree4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,trisyllables end+ 9 re or le1 acc5t ! fir/ syllable4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bch4 ,x happ5'd on a summ]'s holiday1 ,t to ! gre5wood %ade he took 8 way4 --,*ur*ill's ,gr41 p4 #ace4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv4--,,( ,,usage4 ,nor are ! modes ( ! ,greek tongue m uni=m4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w modes is "h writt5 = moods1 :i* is m common among ! le>n$1 & usually pref]r$ by ,murray himself4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ae?1 ,any ^w = ! spell+ ( :i* we h no rule b usage1 is writt5 wrong if n spell$ accord+ to ! usage :i* is mo/ common among ! le>n$4 ,!re=e1 ! latt] =m %\ld be pref]r$2 ?us1 moods1 & n modes4 ,if we analize a conjunctive pret]ite1 ! rule w n appe> to hold4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,no l&hold] w\ld h be5 at t exp5ce4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,i w5t to see ! *ild :il/ !y 7 putt+ on its cloa?s4--,ib41 p4 #abe4 ,?is /ile is o/5tati\s1 & do? n suit grave writ+4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,! k+ ( ,israel1 & ,jehosophat ! k+ ( ,judah1 sat ea* on 8 ?rone4--,mur4 ,gram41 p4 #afe1 twice2 ,m]*ant's1 #hi2 ,*ur*ill's1 #cjj4 ,! k+ ( ,israel1 & ,jehosaphat ! k+ ( ,judah1 sat ea* on 8 ?rone4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ij2 ,h>rison's1 #ii2 ,*ur*ill's1 #ach2 ,wright's1 #adh4 ,lisias1 speak+ ( 8 fri5ds1 promis$ to 8 fa!r1 nev] to ab&on !m4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 pp4 #aba & #bec4 ,"s1 to avoid ?is err\r1 run into x's opposite4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aii4 ,hope1 ! balm ( life1 soo?s u "u e mis=tune4--,m]*ants ,key1 p4 #bjd4 ,any judgem5t or decree might be he]d & rev]s$ by ! legislature4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cdj4 ,a pa!tic h>ang wil skre5 f puni%m5t any knave4--,ib41 p4 #cda4 ,= ! same reezon1 ! wim5 w\ld be improp] judges4--,ibid4 ,e p]son iz indulg$ 9 wor%ip+ az he pleezes4--,ib41 p4 #cde4 ,mo/ or all tee*]s are exclud$ f g5teel company4--,ib41 p4 #cfb4 ,! ,kri/ian religion1 9 its purity1 iz ! be/ in/itution on er?4--,ib41 p4 #cfd4 ,nee!r cl]gym5 nor human laws hav ! lee/ au?ority ov] ! consci5ce4--,ib41 p4 #cfc4 ,a gild is a society1 frat]nity1 or corporation4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #hc4 ,phillis 0 n able to unty ! knot1 & s %e cut x4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,an ak] ( l& is ! quantity ( "o hundr$ & sixty p]*es4--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,ok] is a fossil e>? comb9$ ) ! oxid ( "s metal4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,g5ii1 :5 d5ot+ rial spirits3 ,g5iuses1 :5 signify+ p]sons ( g5ius4--,mur4's ,gram41 i1 p4 #db4 ,g5ii1 :5 d5ot+ riel spirits2 ,g5iuses1 :5 signify+ p]sons ( g5ius4--,fro/'s ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,g5ius1 ,plu4 g5iuses1 m5 ( wit2 b g5ii1 rial be+s4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,a]isius1 k+ ( ,argos1 _h a beautiful daught]1 ^: "n 0 ,dan4--,classic ,tales1 p4 #aji4 ,phton 0 ! son ( ,apollo & ,clym5e4--,ib41 p4 #aeb4 ,b1 aft] all1 ,i may n h rea*$ ! int5d$ ,gaol4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 ,pref41 p4 xxvii4 ',pitticus 0 (f]$ a l>ge sum4' ,bett]3 ',a l>ge sum 0 (f]$ to ,pitticus4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ahg4 ,k+ ,missipsi *>g$ 8 sons to respect ! s5ate & p ( ,rome4--,see ib41 p4 #afa4 ,= example3 ,gallileo inv5t$ ! telescope4--,ib41 pp4 #ed & #fg4 ,ca?mor's w>ri\rs sleep 9 dea?4--,ib41 p4 #ed4 ,= p>s+ w enable y to detect & correct err\rs 9 composition4--,ib41 p4 #ej4 ,o'er b>r5 m\nta9s1 o'er ! fl['ry pla91 ,ext5ds ?y uncontr\l'd & b\ndless reign4--,dryd54 ,,promiscu\s ,,errors ,,9 ,,spell+4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,mix$4 ,a bad au?or des]ves bett] usage ?an a bad critick4--,,pope3 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,=m]4 ,produce a s+le passage sup]i\r to ! spee* ( ,logan1 a ,m+o *ief1 deliv]$ to ,"l ,dunmore1 :5 gov]n\r ( ,virg9ia4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bdg4 ,we h none synonim\s to supply its place4--,jamieson's ,rhetoric1 p4 #dh4 ,!re is a probability t ! effect w be accell]at$4--,ib41 p4 #dh4 ,nay1 a reg>d to s\nd ha? contr\l$ ! public *oice4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,?\gh le>nt f ! un9t]rupt$ use ( gutt]el s\nds4--,ib41 p4 #e4 ,x is by c>efully fil+ (f all r\ghness & inequaleties1 t languages1 l metals1 mu/ be poli%$4--,ib41 p4 #dh4 ,t ,i h n misp5t my "t 9 ! s]vice ( ! community4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 ,pref41 p4 xxviii4 ,! leaves ( maiz are also call$ blades4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #dc4 ,:o boa/ t !y "k :at is pa/1 & c =etel :at is to come4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cfj4 ,its ta/eless dullness is int]rupt$ by no?+ b its p]plexities4-- ,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #ah4 ,s5t5ces con/ruct$ ) ! ,johnsonian fullness & swell4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #acj4 ,! privilege ( escap+ f 8 prefatory dullness & prolixity4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 iv4 ,b 9 poetry ?is *>act]i/ick ( dulness atta9s its full gr[?4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,! lead+ *>act]i/ick consi/s 9 an increase ( ! =ce & fullness4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,! "* ( ?is op5+ fulness & feebl] vani%4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,:o1 9 ! fullness ( unequall$ p[]1 w\ld n believe himself ! fav\rite ( heav58--,ib41 p4 #aha4 ,!y m>r "o ano!r1 & di/ract him4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dcc4 ,let a deaf wor%ipp] ( antiquity & an ,engli% prosodi/ settle ?is4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #adj4 ,?is phillipic gave rise to my satirical reply 9 self-def5ce4-- ,m]*ant's ,criticisms4 ,we "h saw no inu5does1 no new sophi/ry1 no falsehoods4--,ib4 ,a witty & hum\r\s ve9 has (t5 produc$ enemies4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #agc4 ,cry holla6 to ?y tongue1 ,i pr'y!e3 x curvetts unseasonably4--,%ak4 ,i said1 9 my slye/ mann]1 ',y\r heal?1 sir4'--,blackwood's ,mag41 ,vol4 xl1 p4 #fgi4 ,& attornies also travel ! circuit 9 pursute ( bus9ess4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #hc4 ,"s :ole c\nties 9 ,virg9ia w\ld h>dly sel = ! valu ( ! dets du f ! inhabitants4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cja4 ,!y 7 call$ ! c\rt ( assi/ants1 & ex]ciz$ all p[]s legislativ & judicial4--,ib41 p4 #cdj4 ,ari?metic is excell5t = ! guag+ ( liquors4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bhh4 ,mo/ ( ! inflections may be analys$ 9 a way some:at simil>4--,ib41 p4 #aab4 ,to epi!ts allots emphatic /ate1 ,:il/ pr9cipals1 ungrac'd1 l lacquies wait4 --,c4 ,*ur*ill's ,ros41 p4 #h4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$4 ,h5ce x less is a privative ^w1 d5ot+ de/itution2 z1 fa!rless1 fai?less1 p5nyless4--,web/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,less4 ,bay2 r$1 or r$di%1 incl9+ to a *esnut color4--,same4 ,to mimick1 to imitate or ape = sport2 a mimic1 "o :o imitates or mimics4--,ib4 ,c\nt]roil1 a c\nt]p>t or copy ( ! rolls2 ,c\nt]rolm5t1 a c\nt] acc\nt4--,ib4 ,mill5ium1 ! ?\s& ye>s dur+ :i* ,satan %all be b\nd4--,ib4 ,mill5ial1 p]ta9+ to ! mill5ium1 or to a ?\s& ye>s4--,ib4 ,?raldom2 slav]y1 bondage1 a /ate ( s]vitude4--,see ,johnson's ,dict4 ,bri]1 a prickly bu%2 ,bri]y1 r\gh1 prickly1 full ( bri]s2 ,sweetbri>1 a fragrant %rub4--,see ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,*alm]s1 ,web/]1 & o!rs4 ,w1 9 ! second & ?ird ,p]sons1 b>ely =etels4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #acb4 ,& !re= !re is no ,^w false1 b :at is di/+ui%$ by ,italics4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 v4 ,:at %\ld be repet$ is left to _! ,discretion4--,ib41 p4 iv4 ,because !y are ab/ract$ or sep]at$ f mat]ial ,sub/ances4--,ib41 p4 ix4 ,all ,motion is 9 ,"t1 & !re=1 :]e-ev] x exi/s1 implies ,"t z its ,concommitant4--,ib41 p4 #adj4 ,& illit]ate gr[n p]sons are guilty ( blameable spell+4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 xiv4 ,!y wil always be ignorant1 & ( ruf uncivil mann]s4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cdf4 ,?is fact wil h>dly be beleev$ 9 ! nor!rn /ates4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,! prov9ce h[ev] waz h>rass$ ) disputes4--,ib41 p4 #ceb4 ,s little conc]n haz ! legislature = ! int]e/ ( l]n+4--,ib41 p4 #cdi4 ,! g5tlem5 wil n admit t a skoolma/] c be a g5tleman4--,ib41 p4 #cfb4 ,su* absurd qui-pro-quoes _c be too /r5u\sly avoid$4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bje4 ,:5 we say1 'a man looks slyly2' we signify1 t he assumes a sly look4--,ib41 p4 #cci4 ,peep2 to look ?r\gh a crevice2 to look n>r[ly1 closely1 or slyly4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,h5ce ! confession has become a hackni$ prov]b4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #aaj4 ,n to m5tion ! m ornam5tal p>ts ( guild+1 v>ni%1 c4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bj4 ,aft] ?is sy/em ( self-int]e/ _h be5 rivett$4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #acf4 ,prejudice might h prev5t$ ! cordial approbation ( a bigott$ ,jew4--,,scott3 on ,luke1 x4 ,all tw9kl+ ) ! dew-drop %e51 ,! bri>-rose fell 9 /ream]s gre54--,lady ( ! ,lake1 p4 #af4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,! inf9itive mode has commonly ! sign to be=e x4--,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,?us1 x is adviseable to write s+e+1 f ! v]b to s+e1 by way ( di/9ction f s++1 ! p>ticiple ( ! v]b to s+4--,ib41 p4 #bg4 ,_m v]bs =m bo? ! pret]ite t5se & ! pret]ite p>ticiple irregul>ly4--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,mu* mu/ be left to e "o's ta/e & judgm5t4--,ib41 p4 #fg4 ,v]ses ( diff]5t l5g?s int]mix$ =m a ,p9d>ick poem4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,he'll surprize y4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,unequall$ ar*]6 :y 0 ?is conceal$8--,,kn[les3 ib41 p4 #ajb4 ,s gaily curl ! waves be=e ea* da%+ pr[4--,,byron3 ib41 p4 #ajd4 ,:5 is a dip?ong call$ a prop] dip?ong8--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,h[ _m ss w\ld goodness !n end )8 ,?ree4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,q4 ,:at is a trip?ong8 ,a4 ,a trip?ong is ! union ( ?ree v[els1 pron\nc$ 9 l mann]4--,bacon's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,! v]b1 n\n1 or pron\n1 is ref]r$ to ! prec$+ t]ms tak5 sep]ately4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,! cubic foot ( matt] :i* occupies ! c5t] ( ! globe4--,c>dell's ,gram41 #ahmo1 p4 #dg4 ,! w9e imbibes oxig51 or ! acidify+ pr9ciple1 f ! air4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,*>coal1 sulphur1 & nit]1 make gun p[d]4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,x w\ld be readily und]/ood1 t ! ?+ s label$1 0 a bottle ( ,madeira w9e4--,ib41 p4 #ii4 ,!y w5t _! ways1 "o to 8 f>m1 an o!r to 8 m]*&ize4--,ib41 p4 #acj4 ,a dip?ong is ! union ( two v[els1 s\nd$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice4--,russell's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,! pr(essors ( ! ,mahomm$an religion are call$ ,mussulmans4--,maltby's ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,?is %ews t let is n a sign ( ! imp]ative mood1 b a real v]b4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,^? pret]ites & p>ticiples1 :i* are fir/ m5tion$ 9 ! li/1 seem to be ! mo/ eligible4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,monosyllables1 = ! mo/ "p1 are comp>$ by er & e/2 & dyssyllables by m & mo/4--,ib41 p4 #ai4 ,?is t]m9ation1 add$ to a n\n1 or adjective1 *anges x into a v]b3 z mod]n1 to mod]nise2 a symbol1 to symbolize4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,an ,abridgm5t ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 ) additions f ,web/]1 ,a%1 ,tooke1 & o!rs4--,maltby's title-page4 ,= ! sake ( occupy+ ! room m advantag\sly1 ! subject ( ,or?ography is m]ely glanc$ at4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,s cont5d$ ! accus]s ( ,gallileo4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 #abmo1 #ahci1 p4 #chj4 ,murray says1 ',!y 7 travel+ pa/ :5 we met !m4'--,peirce1 ib41 p4 #cfa4 ,!y fulfil ! only purposes = :i* !y are design$4--,ib41 p4 #cei4 ,on ! fulfillm5t ( ! ev5t4--,ib41 p4 #age4 ,fullness consi/s 9 express+ e idea4--,ib41 p4 #bia4 ,consi/5tly ) fulness & p]spicuity4--,ib41 p4 #ccg4 ,! ^w v]rie/ is a gross corruption2 z1 ',he is ! v]rie/ fool on e>?4'--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #bjb4 ,! s\nd w recal ! idea ( ! object4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,=m$ = great ent]prizes4--,bullions's ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,! mo/ important rules & def9itions are pr9t$ 9 l>ge type1 italicis$4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,,hamlett$1 a4 ,accu/om$ to a hamlet2 c\ntrifi$4-- ,bolles's ,dict41 & ,*alm]s's4 ,s+ul>1 spoonful1 cup-full1 coa*-full1 h&ful2 plural1 spoonfuls1 cup-fulls1 coa*-fulls1 h&fuls4--,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,betwe5 ,sup]latives & foll[+ ,names1 ,,(1 by ,grammatick ,"r1 a ,/ation claims4 --,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #adf4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,que/ions4 ,,ord] ,,( ,,rehe>sal1 ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,exam9ation4 ,fi/,! /ud5t ought to be able to answ] ) read9ess1 & 9 ! words ( ! book1 all ! foll[+ que/ions on gramm>4 ,& if he has b lately comm5c$ ! /udy1 x may be well to require ( him a g5]al rehe>sal ( ?is k9d1 be=e he proce$s to ! correction ( any "p ( ! false gramm> quot$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s4 ,at any rate1 he %\ld be ma/] ( s _m ( ! def9itions & rules z prec$e ! "p :i* he attempts to correct2 because ?is k is necess>y to a cr$itable p]=mance ( ! ex]cise4 ,b ^? :o are v quick at read+1 may p]=m x tol]ably1 by consult+ ! book at ! "t1 = :at !y d n rememb]4 ,! answ]s to ^! que/ions w embrace all ! ma9 text ( ! "w2 &1 if any fur!r exam9ation be ?\ght necess>y1 extemporane\s que/ions may be fram$ = ! purpose4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,gramm>4 #a4 ,:at is ! "n1 or title1 ( ?is book8 #b4 ,:at is ,gramm>8 #c4 ,:at is an ,engli% ,gramm>8 #d4 ,:at is ,engli% ,gramm>1 9 itself8 & :at k does x imply8 #e4 ,if gramm> is ! art ( read+1 writ+1 & speak+1 def9e ^! actions4 ,:at is x1 to read8 #f4 ,:at is x1 to write8 #g4 ,:at is x1 to speak8 #h4 ,h[ is gramm> to be taught1 & by :at means are its pr9ciples to be made kn[n8 #i4 ,:at is a p]fect def9ition8 #aj4 ,:at is an example1 z us$ 9 tea*+8 #aa4 ,:at is a rule ( gramm>8 #ab4 ,:at is an ex]cise8 #ac4 ,:at 0 language at fir/1 & :at is x n[8 #ad4 ,( :at two k9ds does ! composition ( language consi/8 & h[ d !y diff]8 #ae4 ,:at are ! lea/ p>ts ( language8 #af4 ,:at has disc\rse to d ) s5t5ces8 or s5t5ces1 ) po9ts8 #ag4 ,9 ext5d$ compositions1 :at is ! ord] ( ! p>ts1 upw>ds f a s5t5ce8 #ah4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! common ord] ( lit]>y division1 d[nw>ds1 ?r\gh\t8 #ai4 ,are all lit]>y works divid$ exactly 9 ?is way8 #bj4 ,h[ is ,gramm> divid$8 #ba4 ,( :at does ,or?ography treat8 #bb4 ,( :at does ,etymology treat8 #bc4 ,( :at does ,syntax treat8 #bd4 ,( :at does ,prosody treat8 ,,"p ,,fir/1 ,,or?ography4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,lett]s4 #a4 ,( :at does ,or?ography treat8 #b4 ,:at is a lett]8 #c4 ,:at is an elem5t>y s\nd ( human voice1 or spee*8 #d4 ,:at "n is giv5 to ! s\nd ( a lett]8 & :at epi!t1 to a lett] n s\nd$8 #e4 ,h[ _m lett]s are !re 9 ,engli%8 & h[ _m s\nds d !y repres5t8 #f4 ,9 :at does a k ( ! lett]s consi/8 #g4 ,:at v>iety is !re 9 ! lett]s8 & h[ are !y always ! same8 #h4 ,:at diff]5t sorts ( types1 or /yles ( lett]s1 are us$ 9 ,engli%8 #i4 ,:at are ! names ( ! lett]s 9 ,engli%8 #aj4 ,:at are _! names 9 bo? numb]s1 s+ul> & plural8 #aa4 ,into :at g5]al classes are ! lett]s divid$8 #ab4 ,:at is a v[el8 #ac4 ,:at is a consonant8 #ad4 ,:at lett]s are v[els8 & :at1 consonants8 #ae4 ,:5 are w & y consonants8 & :51 v[els8 #af4 ,h[ are ! consonants divid$8 #ag4 ,:at is a semiv[el8 #ah4 ,:at is a mute8 #ai4 ,:at lett]s are reckon$ semiv[els8 & h[ _m ( ^! are aspirates8 #bj4 ,:at lett]s are call$ liquids8 & :y8 #ba4 ,:at lett]s are reckon$ mutes8 & :i* ( !m are imp]fect mutes8 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,s\nds4 #a4 ,:at is meant1 :5 we speak ( ! p[]s ( ! lett]s8 #b4 ,are ! s\nds ( a language few] ?an its words8 #c4 ,h[ are diff]5t v[el s\nds produc$8 #d4 ,:at are ! v[el s\nds 9 ,engli%8 #e4 ,h[ may ^! s\nds be modifi$ 9 ! =mation ( syllables8 #f4 ,c y =m a ^w ^u ea* by means ( an f8 #g4 ,w y try ! s]ies aga9 ) a p8 #h4 ,h[ may ! v[el s\nds be writt58 & h[ utt]$ :5 !y are n words8 #i4 ,:i* ( ! v[el s\nds =m words8 & :at ( ! re/8 #aj4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! consonant s\nds 9 ,engli%8 #aa4 ,9 :at s]ies ( words may all ^! s\nds be he>d8 #ab4 ,9 :at s]ies ( words may ea* ( !m be he>d two or ?ree times8 #ac4 ,:at is said ( ! s\nds ( j & x8 #ad4 ,:at is said ( ! s\nds ( c & g8 #ae4 ,:at is said ( sc1 or s be=e c8 #af4 ,:at1 ( ce1 ci1 & *8 #ag4 ,:at s\nds has ! consonant g8 #ah4 ,9 h[ _m diff]5t ways c ! lett]s ( ! alphabet be comb9$8 #ai4 ,:at d we d]ive f ^! comb9ations ( s\nds & *>act]s8 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,capitals4 #a4 ,:at *>act]s are employ$ 9 ,engli%8 #b4 ,:y %\ld ! diff]5t sorts ( lett]s be kept di/9ct8 #c4 ,:at is said ( ! slant+ /rokes 9 ,roman lett]s8 #d4 ,= :at purpose are ,italics *iefly us$8 #e4 ,9 prep>+ a manuscript1 h[ d we m>k ^! ?+s = ! pr9t]8 #f4 ,:at di/9ction ( =m belongs to ea* ( ! lett]s8 #g4 ,:at is said ( small lett]s8 & :y are capitals us$8 #h4 ,:at ?+s are commonly exhibit$ :olly 9 capitals8 #i4 ,h[ _m rules = capitals are giv5 9 ?is book8 & :at are _! titles8 #aj4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( books8 #aa4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( fir/ words8 #ab4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( names ( ,deity8 #ac4 ,:at says ,rule #d? ( prop] names8 #ad4 ,:at says ,rule #e? ( titles8 #ae4 ,:at says ,rule #f? ( "o capital8 #af4 ,:at says ,rule #g? ( two capitals8 #ag4 ,:at says ,rule #h? ( comp\nds8 #ah4 ,:at says ,rule #i? ( apposition8 #ai4 ,:at says ,rule #aj? ( p]sonifications8 #bj4 ,:at says ,rule #aa? ( d]ivatives8 #ba4 ,:at says ,rule #ab? ( ,i & ,o8 #bb4 ,:at says ,rule #ac? ( poetry8 #bc4 ,:at says ,rule #ad? ( examples8 #bd4 ,:at says ,rule #ae? ( *ief words8 #be4 ,:at says ,rule #af? ( ne$less capitals8 ,n[ turn to ! fir/ *apt] ( ,or?ography1 & correct ! improprieties !re quot$ = ! practical application ( ^! rules4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,syllables4 #a4 ,:at is a syllable8 #b4 ,c ! syllables ( a ^w be p]ceiv$ by ! e>8 #c4 ,"u :at names are words class$ accord+ to ! numb] ( _! syllables8 #d4 ,:i* ( ! lett]s c =m syllables ( !mselves8 & :i* _c8 #e4 ,:at is a diph?ong8 #f4 ,:at is a prop] diph?ong8 #g4 ,:at is an improp] diph?ong8 #h4 ,:at is a triph?ong8 #i4 ,:at is a prop] triph?ong8 #aj4 ,:at is an improp] triph?ong8 #aa4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! diph?ongs 9 ,engli%8 #ab4 ,h[ _m & :i* ( ^! are s v>iable 9 s\nd t !y may be ei!r prop] or improp] diph?ongs8 #ac4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! prop] diph?ongs8 #ad4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! improp] diph?ongs8 #ae4 ,are prop] triph?ongs num]\s 9 our language8 #af4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! improp] triph?ongs8 #ag4 ,:at guide h we = divid+ words into syllables8 #ah4 ,h[ _m special rules ( syllabication are giv5 9 ?is book8 & :at are _! titles1 or subjects8 #ai4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( consonants8 #bj4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( v[els8 #ba4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( t]m9ations8 #bb4 ,:at says ,rule #d? ( prefixes8 #bc4 ,:at says ,rule #e? ( comp\nds8 #bd4 ,:at says ,rule #f? ( l9es full8 ,n[ turn to ! second *apt] ( ,or?ography1 & correct ! improprieties !re quot$ = ! practical application ( ^! rules4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,words4 #a4 ,:at is a ^w8 #b4 ,h[ are words di/+ui%$ 9 reg>d to species & figure8 #c4 ,:at is a primitive ^w8 #d4 ,:at is a d]ivative ^w8 #e4 ,:at is a simple ^w8 #f4 ,:at is a comp\nd ^w8 #g4 ,h[ d p]man5t comp\nds diff] f o!rs8 #h4 ,h[ _m rules = ! figure ( words are giv5 9 ?is book8 & :at are _! titles1 or subjects8 #i4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( comp\nds8 #aj4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( simples8 #aa4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ! s5se8 #ab4 ,:at says ,rule #d? ( ellipses8 #ac4 ,:at says ,rule #e? ( ! hyph58 #ad4 ,:at says ,rule #f? ( no hyph58 ,n[ turn to ! ?ird *apt] ( ,or?ography1 & correct ! improprieties !re quot$ = ! practical application ( ^! rules4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,spell+4 #a4 ,:at is spell+8 #b4 ,h[ is ?is art to be acquir$8 & :y s8 #c4 ,:y is x difficult to le>n to spell accurately8 #d4 ,is x !n any disgrace to spell words errone\sly8 #e4 ,:at b5efit may be expect$ f ! rules = spell+8 #f4 ,h[ _m rules = spell+ are giv5 9 ?is book8 & :at are _! titles1 or subjects8 #g4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( f9al f1 l1 or s8 #h4 ,c y m5tion ! pr9cipal exceptions to ?is rule8 #i4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( o!r f9als8 #aj4 ,are !re any exceptions to ?is rule8 #aa4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ! d\bl+ ( consonants8 #ab4 ,"u :at ?ree heads are ! exceptions to ?is rule notic$8 #ac4 ,:at says ,rule #d? aga9/ ! d\bl+ ( consonants8 #ad4 ,"u :at f\r heads are ! app>5t exceptions to ?is ,rule notic$8 #ae4 ,:at says ,rule #e? ( f9al ck8 #af4 ,:at monosyllables1 contr>y to ?is rule1 end ) c only8 #ag4 ,:at says ,rule #f? ( ! reta9+ ( d\ble lett]s be=e affixes8 #ah4 ,"u :at ?ree heads are ! exceptions to ?is rule notic$8 #ai4 ,:at says ,rule #g? ( ! reta9+ ( d\ble lett]s aft] prefixes8 #bj4 ,:at obs]vation is made respect+ exceptions to ?is rule8 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,spell+4 #ba4 ,:at says ,rule #h? ( f9al ll1 & ( f9al l s+le8 #bb4 ,:at words does ?is rule claim1 :i* might seem to come "u ,rule #g?8 & :y8 #bc4 ,:at says ,rule #i? ( f9al e omitt$8 #bd4 ,"u :at ?ree heads are ! exceptions1 real or app>5t1 "h notic$8 #be4 ,:at says ,rule #aj? ( f9al e reta9$8 #bf4 ,"u :at ?ree heads are ! exceptions to ?is rule notic$8 #bg4 ,:at says ,rule #aa? ( f9al y *ang$8 #bh4 ,"u :at ?ree heads are ! limits & exceptions to ?is rule notic$8 #bi4 ,:at says ,rule #ab? ( f9al y un*ang$8 #cj4 ,"u :at ?ree heads are ! exceptions to ?is rule notic$8 #ca4 ,:at says ,rule #ac? ( ! t]m9ations ize & ise8 #cb4 ,"u :at ?ree heads are ! app>5t exceptions to ?is rule notic$8 #cc4 ,:at says ,rule #ad? ( comp\nds8 #cd4 ,"u :at sev5 heads are ! exceptions to ?is rule notic$8 #ce4 ,:at says ,rule #ae? ( usage1 z a law ( spell+8 ,n[ turn to ! f\r? *apt] ( ,or?ography1 & correct ! improprieties !re quot$ = ! practical application ( ^! rules & _! exceptions4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,= ,,writ+4 ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,or?ography4 ,fi/ ,! foll[+ examples ( false or?ography are ins]t$ "h1 & n expla9$ 9 ! g5]al ,key1 t !y may he correct$ by ! pupil 9 writ+4 ,"s ( ! examples "h quot$ are less inaccurate ?an o!rs1 b all ( !m1 except a few %[n 9 contra/1 are1 9 "s respect or o!r1 errone\s4 ,x is suppos$1 t e /ud5t :o c answ] ! que/ions conta9$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 w readily disc]n :]e9 ! errors lie1 & be able to make ! necess>y corrections4 ,,ex]cise ,i4--,,capitals4 ,alex&] ! great kill$ 8 fri5d ,clitus4--,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,! words 9 italics are p>s$ 9 ! same mann]4--,maltby's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,x may be read by ^? :o d n und]/& lat94--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #bfb4 ,a roman s be+ add$ to a ^w 9 italics or small capitals4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bae4 ,?is is n simply a gallicism1 b a corruption ( ! ,fr5* on2 itself a corruption4-- ,ib41 p4 #bbh4 ,! ,gallicism1 'x is me1' is p]petually /rik+ ! e> 9 ,london4--,ib41 p4 #caf4 ',almo/ no?+1' is a common ,scotticism1 equally improp]3 x %\ld be1 'sc>cely any ?+4'--,ib41 p4 #ccc4 ,to use le>n = tea*1 is a common ,scotticism1 t ought to be c>efully avoid$4--,see ib41 p4 #bfa4 ,a few obs]vations on ! subjunctive mood z x appe>s 9 our ,engli% bible4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,! translators ( ! bible1 h conf\nd$ two t5ses1 :i* 9 ! orig9al are uni=mly kept di/9ct4--,ib41 p4 #dj4 ,m l heav5 on e>?1 ?an ! holy l& w\ld h be54--,anti-,slav]y ,mag41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #gb4 ,!re is n[ extant a poetical composition1 call$ ! gold5 v]ses ( ,py?agoras4-- ,lempri]e's ,dict4 ,ex]cise ( ! ,m9d ^u ,!orems ( ,sci5ce1 l g5]\s & manly ,ex]cise ( ! ,body1 t5ds to call =? & /r5g!n ,nature's orig9al ,vig\r4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bie4 ,o t ,i c\ld prevail on ,*ri/ians to melt d[n1 "u ! w>m influ5ce ( bro!rly love1 all ! di/9ctions ( me?odi/s1 indep5d5ts1 bapti/s1 anabapti/s1 arians1 tr9it>ians1 unit>ians1 9 ! glori\s "n ( *ri/ians4--,,knox3 ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #agc4 ,py?agoras long ago rem>k$1 't ability & necessity dwell ne> ea* o!r4'--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #bhe4 ,! ,lat9 ,writ]s ,dec5cy neglect1 ,b mod]n ,read]s *all5ge m ,respect4 --,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,,ex]cise ,,ii4--,,syllables4 #a4 ,correct ,bolles1 9 ! division ( ! foll[+ words3 ,del-ia1 ,jul-ia1 ,lyd-ia1 heigh-t51 pat-ron1 ad-roit1 wor?-y1 fa?-er1 fa?-er-ly1 m>-*i-o-ness1 i-d5t-ic-al1 out-ra-ge-ous1 ob-nox-i-ous1 pro-di-gi-ous1 tre-m5d-ous1 ob-liv-i-on1 pe-cul-i-ar4--,revis$ ,spell+-,book3 ,new ,london1 #ahca4 #b4 ,correct ,se>s1 9 ! division ( ! foll[+ words3 ,a-quil-a1 he>-ty1 drea-ry1 wor-my1 hai-ry1 ?or-ny1 phil-os-o-phy1 dis-cov-e-ry1 re-cov-e-ry1 ad-diti-on1 am-biti-on1 au-spici-ous1 fac-titi-ous1 fla-giti-ous1 fru-iti-on1 sol-/iti-al1 ab-o-liti-on4--,/&>d ,spell+-,book3 ,new ,hav51 #ahbf4 #c4 ,correct ,bradley1 9 ! division ( ! foll[+ words3 ,jes-t]1 rai-ny1 =g-e-ry1 f9-e-ry1 spic-e-ry1 brib-e-ry1 groc-e-ry1 *i-c-e-ry1 f]-riage1 l9e-age1 cri-ed1 tri-ed1 s-ed1 slic-ed1 =c-ed1 pl$g-ed1 sav-ed1 dup-ed1 /rip-ed1 t\*-ed1 tr\nc-ed4--,improv$ ,spell+-,book3 ,w9dsor1 #ahae4 #d4 ,correct ,burhans1 9 ! division ( ! foll[+ words3 ,bo>-d]1 brigh-t51 cei-l+1 frigh-t51 glea-n]1 lea-kage1 suc-k]1 mos-sy1 fros-ty1 twop-ence1 pu-pill-ar-y1 crit-i-call-y1 g5-er-all-y1 lit-er-all-y1 log-i-call-y1 trag-i-call-y1 ar-ti-fici-al1 po-liti-call-y1 slo?-full-y1 spite-full-y1 re-all-y1 sui-ta-ble1 ta-mea-ble1 flumm-er-y1 nesc-i-ence1 %ep-h]-dess1 trav-ell-er1 re-pea-t]1 re-pressi-on1 suc-cessi-on1 un-le>-n$4--,critical ,pron\nc+ ,spell+-,book3#abh ,philadelphia1 #ahbc4 #e4 ,correct ,m>%all1 9 ! division ( ! foll[+ words3 ,tr5*-er1 trun*-eon1 dros-sy1 glos-sy1 glas-sy1 gras-sy1 dres-ses1 pres-ses1 cal-l+1 *an-g+1 en-*an-g+1 con-v]-s+1 mois-ture1 jo9-ture1 qua-drant1 qua-drate1 trans-gres-sor1 dis-es-teem4--,new ,spell+-,book3 ,new ,york1 #ahcf4 #f4 ,correct ,em]son1 9 ! division ( ! foll[+ words3 ,dus-ty mis-ty1 m>-%y1 mil-ky1 wes-t]n1 /or-my1 nee-dy1 spee-dy1 drea-ry1 fros-ty1 pas-s+1 roc-ky1 bran-*y1 bl&-i%1 pru-di%1 eve-n+1 a-no?-er4--,national ,spell+-,book3 ,bo/on1 #ahbh4 ,two ,v[els meet+1 ea* ) its full ,s\nd1 ,always to make ,two ,syllables are b\nd4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,,ex]cise ,,iii4--,,figure ,,( ,,words4 ,i 0 surpris$ by ! return ( my long lo/ bro!r4--,p>k]'s ,ex]cises 9 ,engli% ,composition1 p4 #e4 ,su* s+ul> & unhe>d ( clem5cy _c be pass$ ov] by me 9 sil5ce4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,i p]ceive my :ole sy/em excit$ by ! pot5t /imulus ( sun-%9e4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,to pres]ve ! unity ( a s5t5ce1 x is sometimes necess>y to employ ! case absolute1 in/ead ( ! v]b & conjunction4--,ib41 p4 #ag4 ,sev]ity & h>d he>t$ op9ions accord ) ! temp] ( ! times4--,ib41 p4 #ah4 ,t poor man 0 put into ! mad h\se4--,ib41 p4 #bb4 ,?is fell[ mu/ be put into ! poor h\se4--,ib4 p4 #bb4 ,i h se5 ! brea/ works & o!r def5ces ( e>?1 t 7 ?r[n up4--,ib41 p4 #bd4 ,clov5 foot$ animals are enabl$ to walk m easily on unev5 gr\nd4--,ib41 p4 #be4 ,self conceit bla/s ! prospects ( _m a y\?4--,ib41 p4 #bf4 ,n a mom5t %\ld elapse )\t br++ "s ?+ to pass4--,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,a s*ool ma/] decoy$ ! *ildr5 ( ! pr9cipal citiz5s into ! ,roman camp4--,ib41 p4 #ci4 ,! pupil may n[ write a description ( ! foll[+ objects4 ,a s*ool room4 ,a /eam boat4 ,a writ+ desk4 ,a dwell+ h\se4 ,a meet+ h\se4 ,a pap] mill4 ,a gri/ mill4 ,a w9d mill4--,ib41 p4 #de4 ,e metaphor %\ld be f\nd$ on a resemblance :i* is cle> & /rik+2 n f> fet*$1 nor difficult to be discov]$4--,ib41 p4 #di4 ,i 0 recl9+ 9 an arb\r ov]hung ) honey suckle & jessam9e ( ! mo/ exquisite fragrance4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,! au?or ( ! foll[+ extract is speak+ ( ! slave trade4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,! all wise & b5evol5t ,au?or ( nature has s fram$ ! s\l ( man1 t he _c b approve ( virtue4--,ib41 p4 #gd4 ,!re is some?+ ( self d5ial 9 ! v idea ( x4--,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,age !re=e requires a well sp5t y\? to r5d] x happy4--,ib41 p4 #gf4 ,pe>l-a% requires mu* lab\r 9 its extraction f a%es4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,club1 or crump1 foot$1 ,loripes2 ,r\gh1 or lea!r1 foot$1 ,plumipes4--,a9swor?'s ,dict4 ,! honey-bags /eal f ! humble bees1 ,& = night-tap]s crop _! wax5 ?ighs4 --,,%ak43 ,joh4's ,dict41 w4 ,gl[worm4 ,! honeybags /eal f ! bumblebees1 ,& = night tap]s crop _! wax5 ?ighs4 --,,%ak43 ,joh4's ,dict41 w4 ,humblebee4 ,! honey bags /eal f ! humble-bees1 ,&1 = night tap]s crop _! wax5 ?ighs4 --,dodd's ,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #ea4 ,,ex]cise ,,iv4--,,spell+4 ,8 anti*amb]1 & room ( audi5ce1 are little squ>e *amb]s wa9scot$4--,,addison3 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,ante*amb]4 ,nobody w deem ! quicksight$ among/ !m to h v enl>g$ views ( e?icks4--,,locke3 ,ib41 w4 ,quicksight$4 ,at ! rate ( ?is ?ick-skull$ blund]head1 e pl[-jobb] %all take ^u him to read ^u div9ity4--,l',,e/range3 ,ib41 m4 ,blund]head4 ,on ! topma/1 ! y>ds1 & boltsprit w\ld ,i flame di/9ctly4--,,%ak43 ,ib41 w4 ,b[sprit4 ,?is is ! tune ( our cat* plaid by ! picture ( nobody4--,,id43 ,ib41 w4 ,nobody4 ,?y fall ha? left a k9d ( blot to m>k ! fulfraught man4--,,id43 ,ib41 w4 ,fulfraught4 ,till bl9d$ by "s ,jack o',lan?orn sprite4--,snell+'s ,gift1 p4 #fb4 ,! beauties y w\ld h me eulogise4--,ib41 p4 #ad4 ,!y rail at me--,i gaily laugh at !m4--,ib41 p4 #ac4 ,:i* ! k+ & 8 si/] _h intru/$ to him )all4--,josephus1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #adc4 ,! t]ms ( ^! emotions are by no means synonim\s4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #ccf4 ,lilli$1 adj4 ,embelli%$ ) lilies4--,*alm]s's ,dict4 ,!y seize ! comp5di\s bless+ )\t ex]tion & )\t reflexion4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dbh4 ,! fir/ cry t r\ses !m f _! torp\r1 is ! cry t dem&s _! blood4--,ib41 p4 #dcc4 ,x meets ! wants ( elem5t>y s*ools & des]ves to be patronis$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,^: attempts 7 p>alys$ by ! hall[$ s\nd4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bgj4 ,x w\ld be an amus+ inve/igation to analyse _! language4--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,x is my fa!r's w t ,i %\ld take on me ! ho/ess-%ip ( ! day4--,,%ak43 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,to reta9 ! full appreh5sion ( !m undim9i%t4--,phil4 ,museum41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #deh4 ,! ayes & noes 7 tak5 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons4--,anti-,slav]y ,mag41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aa4 ,d]ivative words are =m$ by add+ lett]s or syllables to primatives4--,dav5port's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,! m9i/] nev] 0 ?us h>rass$ himself4--,nelson1 on ,infidelity1 p4 #f4 ,! mo/ vehem5t politician ?9ks himself unbiass$ 9 8 judgm5t4--,ib41 p4 #ag4 ,mi/ress-%ip1 n4 ,female rule or dom9ion4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,?us =c$ to kneel1 ?us grovel+ to embrace1 ,! sc\rge & ru9 ( my realm & race4 --,,pope3 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,,ex]cise ,v4--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,! qu9ce tree is ( a l[ /ature2 ! bran*es are diffus$ & crook$4--,,mill]3 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,! great] sl[ worm1 call$ also ! bl9dworm1 is commonly ?\ght to be bl9d1 because ( ! littl5ess ( 8 eyes4--,,grew3 ib4 ,oh ,hocus6 :]e art ?\8 ,x us$ to g 9 ano!r guess mann] 9 ?y "t4--,,arbu?not3 ib4 ,"o w\ld n make a ho!ad$ crackbra9$ coxcomb =w>d = a s*eme ( mod]ation4--,,id43 ib4 ,z = y1 colonel huff-cap1 we %all try be=e a civil magi/rate :o's ! greate/ plott]4--,,dryd53 ib41 w4 ,huff4 ,9 l mann]1 ,actions co-alesce ) _! ,ag5ts1 & ,passions ) _! ,pati5ts4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bfc4 ,^! ,s5tim5ts are n unusual ev5 ) ! ,philosoph] n[ a days4--,ib41 p4 #cej4 ,z if ! ,m>ble 7 to fa%ion ! ,*izzle1 & n ! ,*izzle ! ,m>ble4--,ib41 p4 #cec4 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood1 9 :at ,i h said1 to und]value ,exp]im5t4--,ib41 p4 #ceb4 ,h[ !re=e is x t !y approa* ne>ly to ,non-,entity's8--,ib41 p4 #dca4 ,gluttonise1 mod]nise1 epitomise1 b>b>ise1 tyranise4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 pp4 #ca & #db4 ,n[ fair befal !e & ?y noble h\se6--,,%ak43 ib41 p4 #bda4 ,nor d ,i ?9k ! error above-m5tion$ w\ld h be5 s long indulg$1 c4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,! editor ( ! two editions above m5tion$ 0 pleas$ to give ?is little manuel to ! public1 c4--,ib41 p4 #g4 ,a ,note ( ,admiration d5otes a modelation ( ! voice suit$ to ! expression4--,ib41 p4 #af4 ,x always has "s respect to ! p[] ( ! ag5t2 & is !re=e prop]ly /il$ ! pot5tial mode4--,ib41 p4 #bi4 ,bo? ^! are suppos$ to be synonom\s expressions4--,ib41 p4 #aje4 ,an exp5ce beyond :at my circum/ances admit4--,,doddridge3 ib41 p4 #ach4 ,!re are f\r ( !m3 ! ,full-,po9t1 or ,p]iod2 ! ,colon2 ! ,semi-,colon2 ! ,comma4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 ,n4 ,y41 #ahah1 p4 #gg4 ,!re are _m m51 :o h be5 at ,lat9-,s*ools = ye>s1 & :o1 at la/1 _c write six s5t5ces 9 ,engli% correctly4--,ib41 p4 #ci4 ,b1 figures ( rhetorick are edge tools1 & two edge tools too4--,ib41 p4 #ahb4 ,! horse-*esnut gr[s into a goodly /&>d4--,,mortim]3 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,:]eev] if is to be us$4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,peel'd1 pat*'d1 & pyebald1 l9sey-woolsey bro!rs4 --,,pope3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w41 ,mumm]4 ,peel'd1 pat*'d1 & piebald1 l9sey-woolsey bro!rs4 --,,id43 ib41 w4 ,piebald4 ,,ex]cise ,,vi4--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,pi$1 adj4 f pie4 ,v>iegat$2 p>tycol\r$4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,pie1 pica1 ,lat4 ,a magpie2 a p>ty-col\r$ bird4--,ib4 ,gluy1 adj4 f glue4 ,visc\s2 t5aci\s2 glut9\s4--,ib4 ,gluey1 a4 ,visc\s1 glut9\s4 ,glueyness4 n4 ,! quality ( be+ gluey4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,old ,euclio1 see+ a cr[-scrat#abi ^u ! muck-hill1 return$ 9 all ha/e1 tak+ x = an ill sign4--,,burton3 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,w>s are begun by hairbra9$#acj dissolute capta9s4--,,id43 ib4 ,a c>ot is a well kn[n g>d5 root4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #fj4 ,natural philosophy1 metaphysicks1 e?icks1 hi/ory1 !ology1 & politicks1 7 famili> to him4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bji4 ,! words 9 ,italicks & capitals1 are emphatick4--,ib41 p4 #baj4 ,x is /ill m exceptionable2 ,c&les1 ,*]rys1 ,figs1 & o!r sorts ( ,plumbs1 be+ sold by ,weight1 & be+ ,plurals4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #ace4 ,if ! ,end ( ,gramm> be n to save t ,tr\ble1 & ,exp5ce ( ,"t1 ,i "k n :at x is good =4--,ib41 p4 #afa4 ,caulce1 ,%eep ,p5ns1 or ! l1 has no ,s+ul>1 accord+ to ,*>isius4--,ib41 p4 #aid4 ,^! busibodies are l to su* z reade bookes ) int5t onely to spie out ! faults !re(--,p]k9s's ,works1 p4 #gda4 ,i ?9k x e man's indisp5sible duty1 to d all ! s]vice he c to 8 c\ntry4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #d4 ,ei!r frett+ x self into a tr\blesome ,excess1 or flag+ into a d[nright want ( ,appetite4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,& nobody w\ld h a *ild cram$ at breakfa/4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,judge%ip & judgm5t1 lodgable & all$geable1 all$gem5t & abridgm5t1 lodgm5t & infr+em5t1 enl>gem5t & ackn[l$gm5t4--,web/]'s ,dict41 #hvo4 ,huck/]1 n4 s4 ,"o :o sells goods by retail1 or 9 small quantities2 a p$l]4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,he seeks bye-/reets1 & saves ?' exp5sive coa*4 --,,gay3 ib41 w4 ,mortgage4 ,he seeks by-/reets1 & saves ?' exp5sive coa*4 --,,gay3 ib41 w4 ,by-/reet4 ,,ex]cise ,,vii4--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,boys l a w>m fire 9 a w9try day4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #fb4 ,! lilly is a v pretty fl[]4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,! potatoe is a native plant ( ,am]ica4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,an anglicism is a peculi> mode ( spee* among ! ,engli%4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,black b]ries & raspb]ries gr[ on bri>s4--,ib41 p4 #aej4 ,y c broil a beef /eak ov] ! coals ( fire4--,ib41 p4 #ch4 ,beef'-/eak1 n4 ,a /eak or slice ( beef = broil+4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,beef'/eak1 s4 a slice ( beef = broil+4--,treasury ( ,k4 ,z he mu/ suff] 9 case ( ! fall ( m]*&ize1 he is entitl$ to ! correspond+ ga9 if m]*&ize rises4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #beh4 ,he is ! wor%ipp] ( an h\r1 b ! worldl+ = life4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #dbd4 ,slyly h9t+ some?+ to ! disadvantage ( great & hone/ m54--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cbi4 ',tis by ?is !re=e t ,i ,def9e ! ,v]b2 namely1 t x is a ,"p ( ,spee*1 by :i* some?+ is apply'd to ano!r1 z to its ,subject4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bee4 ,x may sometimes ?r[ a pass+ cl\d ov] ! bright h\r ( gaiety4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #agh4 ,to criticize1 is to discov] errors2 & to cry/alize implies to freeze or congele4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #fh4 ,! affectation ( us+ ! pret]ite in/ead ( ! p>ticiple1 is peculi>ly aukw>d2 z1 he has came4--,prie/ley's ,gramm>1 p4 #abe4 ,!y are moraly responsible = _! individual conduct4--,c>dell's ,el4 ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,an eng9e ( sixty horse p[]1 is deem$ ( equal =ce ) a team ( sixty horses4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #aac4 ,?is1 at f\rp5ce p] ounce1 is two %ill+s & f\rp5ce a week1 or six p\nds1 "o %9+ & f\r p5ce a ye>4--,ib41 p4 #abb4 ,! tru me5+ ( p>liam5t iz a meet+ ( b>ons or pe]s4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bgf4 ,sev]al au?orities seem at lee/ to favor ?is op9ion4--,ib41 p4 #bgg4 ,t iz1 az ,i hav expla9$ ! tru primitiv me5+ ( ! ^w4--,ib41 p4 #bgf4 ,! lords are pe]s ( ! relm2 t iz1 ! anci5t prescriptiv judges or b>ons4--,ib41 p4 #bgd4 ,fal%ood is folly1 & 'tis j to own ,! fault committ$2 ?is 0 m9e alone4 --,pope1 ,odys41 ,b4 xxii1 l4 #afh4 ,,ex]cise ,,viii--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,a second v]b s ne>ly synonim\s ) ! fir/1 is at be/ sup]flu\s4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ccb4 ,indicate x1 by "s m>k opposite to ! ^w misspelt4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #gd4 ,& succesfully control+ ! t5d5cies ( m9d4--,ib41 p4 #bd4 ,x ! ,mona/ick ,life looks v l :at we call ,*ildr5s-,play4--,,leslie',s ,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #bcf4 ,x seems r lik ,play+ ( ,booty1 to ,please ^? ,fools & ,knaves4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 vi4 ,& fir/ ,i ,"n ,milton1 only = 8 ,"n1 le/ ! ,p>ty %\ld say1 t ,i _h n ,c\sid]'d 8 ,p]=mance aga9/ ,ty!s4--,ib41 p4 iv4 ,8 ,fancy 0 too ,pr$om9ant = 8 ,judgm5t4 ,8 ,tal5t lay s mu* 9 ,satyr t he hat$ ,reason+4--,ib41 p4 iv4 ,he has ?r[n away "s ( 8 ,rail]y aga9/ ,ty!s1 & ! ,*ur* !n und]foot4--,ib41 p4 v4 ,!y ,vey'd ) "o ano!r 9 ^! ?+s4--,ib41 p4 #bbj4 ,epamanondas 0 f> ! mo/ accompli%$ ( ! ,!bans4--,coop]'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,:oev] & ,:i*ev]1 are ?us decl9$4 ,s+4 & ,plur4 nom4 :oev]1 poss4 :oseev]1 obj4 :omev]4 ,s+4 & ,plu4 nom4 :i*ev]1 poss4 :oseev]1 obj4 :i*ev]4--,ib41 p4 #ch4 ,,:]eev]1 adv4 :]e & ev]4 ,at :atev] place4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,!y at l5g? took possession ( all ! c\ntry s\? ( ! ,wel* m\nta9s4--,dobson's ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,^? ,brita9s1 :o refus$ to submit to ! =eign yoke1 retir$ into ,wales4--,ib41 p4 #f4 ,religion is ! mo/ *e>ful ?+ 9 ! _w4--,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,two means ! numb] two compleatly1 :]eas second means only ! la/ ( two1 & s ( all ! re/4--,ib41 p4 #dd4 ,n[ s5d m5 to ,joppa1 & call = "o ,simon1 ^: sirname is ,pet]4--,ib41 p4 #if4 7,see ,acts1 x1 #e47 ,9 ,fr5* words1 we use ent] in/ead ( int]2 z1 ent]ta91 ent]lace1 ent]prize4--,ib41 p4 #aja4 ,amphiology1 i4 e4 a spee* ( unc]ta9 or d\btful mean+4--,ib41 p4 #ajc4 ,surprize2 z1 hah6 hey day6 :at6 /range6--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,names ( ! lett]s3 ai bee see dee ee ef jee ait* eye jay kay el em en o pee cue ar ess tee y voe d\ble u eks wi z$4--,rev4 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,i1 ,o1 & ,u1 at ?' ,end ( ,words require1 ,! sil5t 7e71 ! same d's 7va7 desire4 --,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,,ex]cise ,,ix4--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,& is writt5 = eac5d1 add+1 eke+4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bbb4 ,! ,h9dus h *ang$ ai into e1 s\nd$ l e 9 :]e4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aba4 ,& !re= ,i w\ld r see ! cruele/ usurp] ?an ! milde/ despot4-- ,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dcj4 ,suffici5tly di/9ct to prev5t our m>vel+4--,ib41 i1 #dgg4 ,possess$ ( ?is prehem95ce he disreg>d$ ! clam\rs ( ! p4--,smollett's ,engl&1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #bbb4 ,he himself1 hav+ communicat$1 adm9i/]$ ! sacram5t to "s ( ! bye-/&]s4--,ib41 p4 #bbb4 ,! high f$ a/rology :i* x nurtur$1 is r$uc$ to a skeleton on ! leaf ( an almanac4--,c>dell's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,fulton 0 an em95t eng9e]3 he inv5t$ /eam boats4--,ib41 p4 #cj4 ,!n1 9 comes ! b5ign latitude ( ! doctr9e ( goodwill4--,,s\?3 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,be+ v lucky 9 a pair ( long lan?orn-jaws1 he wrung 8 face into a hide\s grimace4--,,spectator3 ib4 ,:o _h liv$ almo/ f\r-&-tw5ty ye>s "u s politick a k+ z 8 fa!r4--,,bacon3 ib41 w4 ,l[ness4 ,! *ildr5 w answ]2 ,john's1 or ,william's1 or ^: ev] x may be4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,x is f\nd tol]ably easy to apply !m1 by practis+ a little guess "w4--,c>dell's ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,= betwe5 :i* two l9ks c\ld spee* mak]s draw ! division l9e8--,ib41 p4 #ej4 ,! wond]ful activity ( ! rope danc] :o /&s on 8 head4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,! brilliancy :i* ! sun displays on its own disk1 is sun %9e4--,ib41 p4 #fc4 ,a ^w ( ?ree syllables is t]m$ a trisyllable4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bc2 ,co>'s1 #ag2 ,jaudon's1 #ac2 ,comly's1 #h2 ,coop]'s1 ,new ,gr41 #h2 ,kirkham's1 #bj2 ,picket's1 #aj2 ,alg]'s1 #ab2 ,blair's1 #a2 ,guy's1 #b2 ,bolles's ,spell+-,book1 #afa4 ,see ,johnson's ,dict4 ,a ^w ( ?ree syllables is t]m$ a trissyllable4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #cc2 ,compreh5sive ,gram41 #bc2 ,bicknell's1 #ag2 ,all5's1 #ca2 ,john ,peirce's1 #adi2 ,l5nie's1 #e2 ,maltby's1 #h2 ,+]soll's1 #g2 ,bradley's1 #ff2 ,dav5port's1 #g2 ,bucke's1 #af2 ,bolles's ,spell+-,book1 #ia4 ,see ,littleton's ,lat4 ,dict4 7#a47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ ,p]sons1 promises or ?reat5s3 ,b 9 ! second & ?ird ,p]sons1 x b>ely =etells4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #acb4 7#b47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ ,p]sons1 promises or ?reat5s2 b 9 ! second & ?ird ,p]sons1 x b>ely =etells4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#c47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 promises1 engages1 or ?reat5s4 ,9 ! second & ?ird p]sons1 x m]ely =etels4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #ei4 7#d47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul> & plural1 promises or ?reat5s2 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons1 only =etells4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#e47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul> & plural1 intimates resolution & promis+2 9 ! second & ?ird p]son1 only =etels4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #hh2 ,+]soll's1 #acf2 ,fisk's1 #gh2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #db2 ,bullions's1 #cb2 ,haml9's1 #da2 ,coop]'s ,murray1 #ej4 ,fi/ ,murray's ,second ,edition has x =etells4 7#f47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul> & plural1 expresses resolution & promis+4 ,9 ! second & ?ird p]sons x only =etells4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,e4 ,devis's1 #ea2 ,l5nie's1 #bb4 7#g47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 promises4 ,9 ! second & ?ird p]sons1 x simply =etels4--,maltby's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 7#h47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ p]son implies resolution & promis+2 9 ! second & ?ird1 x =etells4--,coop]'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ea4 7#i47 ,w1 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul> & plural1 promises or ?reat5s2 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons1 only =etels3 %all1 on ! contr>y1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 simply =etels2 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons1 promises1 comm&s1 or ?reat5s4--,adam's ,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #hc4 7#aj47 ,9 ! fir/ p]son %all =etels1 & w promises or ?reat5s2 b 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons w =etels1 & %all promises or ?reat5s4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,if ,mvius scribble 9 ,apollo's spight1 ,!re are :o judge /ill worse ?an he c write4--,pope4 ,,ex]cise ,x4--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,i am liable to be *>g$ t ,i lat9ize too mu*4--,,dryd53 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,to m\ld him platonically to 8 own idea4--,,wotton3 ib4 ,i w m>ry a wife z beautiful z ! h\ries1 & z wise z ,zobeide4--,murray's ,e4 ,read]1 p4 #adh4 ,i w m>ry a wife1 beautiful z ! ,h\ries4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,! words 9 italics are all 9 ! imp]ative mood4--,maltby's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,words ,italicis$1 are emphatick1 9 v>i\s degrees4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #agc4 ,:]ev] two gg's come toge!r1 !y are bo? h>d4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,b ^! are r sil5t 7o7's ?an obscure 7u7's4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,t c be ,gue/ at by u1 only f ! ,consequ5ces4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 viii4 ,he says he 0 glad t he _h ,baptiz$ s few2 ,& asks !m1 ,7 ye ,baptis$ 9 ! ,"n ( ,paul8--,ib41 p4 ix4 ,!re= he ,*>g'd ! ,cl]gy ) ! ,"n ( ,hirel+s4--,ib41 p4 viii4 ,on ! f\r? day be=e ! fir/ second day 9 ea* mon?4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #bcj4 ,we are n b\nd to adh]e = ev] to ! t]ms1 or to ! mean+ ( t]ms1 :i* 7 e/abli%$ by our ance/ors4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,o6 le>n f him to /ation quick ey$ ,prud5ce at ! helm4--,fro/s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,x p\rtrays ! s]5e l&scape ( a retir$ village4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dba4 ,by /at+ ! fact1 9 a circumlocut>y mann]4--,boo?'s ,introd4 to ,dict41 p4 #cc4 ,"t z an ab/ract be+ is a non-entity4--,ib41 p4 #bi4 ,f ! difficulty ( analys+ ! multipli$ comb9ations ( words4--,ib41 p4 #ai4 ,drop ^? lett]s t are sup]flu\s1 z3 h&ful1 =etel4--,coop]'s ,pla9 ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,%all1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 simply =etells4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,& ! latt] mu/ evid5tly be s too1 or1 at lea/1 cotempor>y1 ) ! act4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,! man has be5 travel+ = five ye>s4--,ib41 p4 #gg4 ,i %all n take up "t 9 combatt+ _! scruples4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbj4 ,9 sev]al ( ! *orusses ( ,euripides & ,sophocles1 we h ! same k9d ( lyric poetry z 9 ,p9d>4--,ib41 p4 #cih4 ,until ! ,/atesman & ,div9e %all unite _! ef=ts 9 =m+ ! human m9d1 r ?an 9 lop+ its excress5ces1 aft] x has be5 neglect$4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bf4 ,:]e conviction c\ld be foll[$ only by a bigott$ p]si/5ce 9 error4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,all ! b>ons 7 entitl$ to a seet 9 ! national c\ncil1 9 "r ( _! b>onys4--,ib41 p4 #bfj4 ,"s k ( ari?metic is necess>y = e lady4--,ib41 p4 #bi4 ,^u ?is1 ! sy/em ( *ivalry1 7 f\nd$ ^? romances ( night-errantry4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgd4 ,! subject is1 ! at*ievem5ts ( ,*>lemagne & 8 ,pe]s1 or ,palad9s4--,ib41 p4 #cgd4 ,aye1 aye2 ?is slice to be sure outweighs ! o!r4--,blair's ,read]1 p4 #ca4 ,9 ! common phrase1 good-bye1 bye signifies pass+1 go+4 ,! phrase signifies1 a good go+1 a prosp]\s passage1 & is equival5t to f>ewell4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,good-by1 adv4--a contraction ( good be ) y--a famili> way ( bidd+ f>ewell4--,see ,*alm]s's ,dict4 ,(f he sprung1 & did n s mu* z /op to say good bye to y4--,blair's ,read]1 p4 #af4 ,x no long] recals ! notion ( ! action4--,b>n>d's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,good-nature & good-s5se mu/ ev] jo92 ,to err1 is human2 to =give1 div9e4--,pope1 ,ess4 on ,crit4 ,,ex]cise ,,xi4--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,! practices 9 ! art ( c>p5try are call$ plane+1 saw+1 mortis+1 scrib+1 m\ld+1 c4--,blair's ,read]1 p4 #aah4 ,) h] left h&1 %e guides ! ?read r\nd ! sp9dle1 or r r\nd a spole :i* goes on ! sp9dle4--,ib41 p4 #acd4 ,mu* suff'r+ h]oes next _! hon\rs claim4--,,pope3 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,mu*4 ,ve9 heal+ v]v51 & head purg+ dill4--,,sp5s]3 ib41 w4 ,head4 ,an1 9 old ,engli%1 signifies if2 z1 'an x please y\r honor4'--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! moral wor? ( ^! r5\n$ lead]s8--,m',ilva9e's ,lect41 p4 #dfj4 ,behold h[ e =m ( human mis]y is met by ! self d5y+ dilig5ce ( ! b5evol5t4--,ib41 p4 #daa4 ,reptiles1 bats1 & doleful creatures--jackalls1 hy5as1 & lions--inhabit ! holes1 & cav]ns1 & m>%es ( ! desolate city4--,ib41 p4 #bgj4 ,,adays1 adv4 ,on or 9 days2 z1 9 ! phrase1 n[ adays4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,,ref]ee1 "o to :om a ?+ is ref]r$2 ,,transf]ree1 ! p]son to :om a transf] is made4--,ib4 ,! ,hospitall]s 7 an ord] ( knights :o built a hospital at ,j]usalem = pilgrims4--,ib4 ,,g]>d1 ,tom1 or ,tung1 0 ! in/itutor & fir/ gr& ma/] ( ! knights hospital]s3 he di$ 9 #aabj4--;,biog4 ,dict4 ,i _h a purpose n[ to lead our _m to ! holy l&4--,,%ak43 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,he turn$ _! he>t to hate 8 p1 to deal subtilly ) 8 s]vants4--,psalms1 cv1 #be4 ,9 ,dryd5's ode ( ,alex&]'s ,fea/1 ! l9e1 ',faln1 faln1 faln1 faln1' repres5ts a gradual s9k+ ( ! m9d4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ga4 ,! fir/ ( ^! l9es is m>vel\sly nons5sical4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aag4 ,we h ! nicely *isel$ =ms ( an ,apollo & a ,v5us1 b x is ! same cold m>ble /ill4--,*ri/ian ,spect41 ,vol4 viii1 p4 #bja4 ,dea? waves 8 mighty w& & p>alyses all4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ce4 ,fe> ,god4 ,honor ! patriot4 ,respect virtue4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #baf4 ,pontius ,pilate be+ ,gov]n\r ( ,judea1 & ,h]od be+ ,tetr>* ( ,galilee4--,ib41 p4 #ahi4 ,see ,luke1 iii1 #a4 ,,auctione]1 n4 s4 ,! p]son t manages an auction4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,! e>? put =? h] primroses & days-eyes1 to behold him4--,,h[el3 ib4 ,musselman1 n be+ a comp\nd ( man1 is musselmans 9 ! plural4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,! absurdity ( fatigue+ !m ) a ne$less heap ( gramm> rules4--,burgh's ,dignity1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #adg4 ,john 0 =c$ to sit ) 8 arms a kimbo1 to keep !m asund]4--,,arbu?not3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,to set ! arms a kimbo1 is to set ! h&s on ! hips1 ) ! elb[s project+ outw>d4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,we almo/ uni=mly conf9e ! inflexion to ! la/ or ! latt] n\n4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,?is is all s\ls day1 fell[s6 ,is x n8--,,%ak43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,! engli% physicians make use ( troy-weight4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,!re is a c]ta9 numb] ( ranks all[$ to dukes1 m>quisses1 & e>ls4--,,pea*am3 ib41 w4 ,m>quis4 ,h[ c\ld y *ide ! "y good natur'd pr9ce1 ,& drive him f y ) s /]n an air4 --,,addison3 ib41 w4 ,good1 #be4 ,,ex]cise ,,xii4--,,mix$ ,,errors4 ,9 read+1 e appe>ance ( s+-song %\ld be avoid$4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,if y are ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) ! inflexions ( ! v]b4--,ib41 p4 #ec4 ,! pret]ite ( read is pron\nc$ r$4--,ib41 p4 #dh4 ,humility op5s a high way to dignity4--,ib41 p4 #ae4 ,:at is intricate mu/ be unravel$4--,ib41 p4 #bge4 ,rog] ,bacon inv5t$ gun p[d]1 ,a4 ,d4 #abhj4--;,ib41 p4 #bgg4 ,on :i* ev] ^w we lay ! emphasis4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdc2 #abmo1 p4 #aie4 ,ea* ( ! lead]s 0 appriz$ ( ! ,roman invasion4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abc4 ,if ,i say1 ',i gallopp$ f ,isl+ton to ,holl[ay2' ! v]b is intransitive3 if1 ',i gallopp$ my horse f ,isl+ton to ,holl[ay2' x is transitive4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bch4 ,! reasonabl5ess ( sett+ a "p "o day 9 sev54--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 iv1 p4 #bdj4 ,! promot]s ( pap] money mak+ reprobat$ ?is act4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #aif4 ,!re are five comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns1 :i* are d]iv$ f ! five simple p]sonal pron\ns by add+ to "s ( _! cases ! syllable self2 z1 my-self1 ?y-self1 him-self1 h]-self1 x-self4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,possessives1 my-own1 ?y-own1 8-own1 h]-own1 its-own1 our-own1 y\r-own1 _!-own4--,ib41 ,decl5sions4 ,?y man s]vant & ?y maid s]vant may re/1 z well z ?\4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #afj4 ,h[ _m "r angles has an acute angl$ triangle8--,ib41 p4 #bbj4 ,9 ! days ( ,jorum1 k+ ( ,israel1 fl\ri%$ ! prophet ,eli%a4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 ,9 ! days ( ,jorum1 k+ ( ,israel1 ,eli%a1 ! prophet fl\ri%$4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,lodgable1 a4 ,capable ( af=d+ a tempor>y abode4--,web/]'s ,octavo ,dict4--,w9 me into ! easy he>t$ man4--,johnson's ,qu>to ,dict4 ,& !n to end life1 is ! same z to dye4--,milnes's ,greek ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,^? usurp+ hectors :o pret5d to hon\r )\t religion1 ?9k ! *>ge ( a lie a blot n to be wa%$ out b by blood4--,,s\?3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,8 gallies att5d+ him1 he pursues ! un=tunate4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #ia4 ,?is _c fail to make u %y] ( yield+ our ass5t4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aag4 ,:5 he comes to ! ,italicis$ ^w1 he %\ld give x su* a def9ition z its connection ) ! s5t5ce may require4--,claggett's ,expositor1 p4 vii4 ,le>n to di/il f y\r lips all ! honies ( p]suasion4--,adams's ,rhetoric1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ca4 ,to in/ill ideas ( disgu/ & abhorr5ce aga9/ ! ,am]icans4--,ib41 ii1 #cjj4 ,:]e prejudice has n acquir$ an uncontrol$ asc5d5cy4--,ib41 i1 #ca4 ,! uncontrolable prop5sity ( 8 m9d 0 und\bt$ly to oratory4--,ib41 i1 #ajj4 ,! ,brutus is a practical comm5t>y ^u ! dialogues & ! orator4--,ib41 i1 #abj4 ,! oratorical p>titions are a %ort elem5t>y comp5dium4--,ib41 i1 #acj4 ,y %all f9d hundr$s ( p]sons able to produce a cr[d ( good ideas ^u any subject1 = "o t c m>%all !m to ! be/ advantage4--,ib41 i1 #afi4 ,9 ?is lecture1 y h ! outl9e ( all t ! :ole c\rse w comprize4--,ib41 i1 #ahb4 ,he w\ld h be5 /opp$ by a h9t f ! b5*1 t he 0 travel+ out ( ! record4--,ib41 i1 #bhi4 ,to tell !m t :i* %\ld befal !m 9 ! la/ days4--,ib41 ii1 #cjh4 ,:]e all is pres5t1 !re is no?+ pa/ to recal4--,ib41 ii1 #ceh4 ,^: due x is to dr9k ! brimfull cup ( ,god's et]nal v5geance4--,law & ,grace1 p4 #cf4 ,!re1 f ! dead1 c5turions see him rise1 ,see1 b /ruck d[n ) horrible surprize6--,savage4 ,) se$ ( woes my he>t brimful is *>g$4--,,sidney3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,our legions are brimful1 our cause is ripe4--,,%akspe>e3 ib4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,etymology4 ,,etymology treats ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 ) _! classes & modifications4 ,! ,p>ts ( ,spee* are ! sev]al k9ds1 or pr9cipal classes1 into :i* words are divid$ by gramm>ians4 ,classes1 "u ! p>ts ( spee*1 are ! p>ticul> sorts into :i* ! sev]al k9ds ( words are subdivid$4 ,modifications are inflections1 or *anges1 9 ! t]m9ations1 =ms1 or s5ses1 ( "s k9ds ( words4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,! ,p>ts ( ,spee*1 or sorts ( words1 9 ,engli%1 are t52 namely1 ! ,article1 ! ,n\n1 ! ,adjective1 ! ,pron\n1 ! ,v]b1 ! ,p>ticiple1 ! ,adv]b1 ! ,conjunction1 ! ,preposition1 & ! ,int]jection4 #a4 ,,! ,,article4 ,an ,article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification3 z1 ,! air1 ! />s2 an isl&1 a %ip4 #b4 ,,! ,,n\n4 ,a ,n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$3 z1 ,george1 ,york1 man1 apple1 tru?4 #c4 ,,! ,,adjective4 ,an ,adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality3 z1 ,a wise man2 a new book4 ,y two are dilig5t4 #d4 ,,! ,,pron\n4 ,a ,pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n3 z1 ,! boy loves 8 book2 he has long lessons1 & he le>ns !m well4 #e4 ,,! ,,v]b4 ,a ,v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u3 z1 ,i am1 ,i rule1 ,i am rul$2 ,i love1 ?\ love/1 he loves4 #f4 ,,! ,,p>ticiple4 ,a ,p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b3 ?us1 f ! v]b rule1 are =m$ ?ree p>ticiples1 two simple & "o comp\nd2 z1 #a4 rul+1 #b4 rul$1 #c4 hav+ rul$4 #g4 ,,! ,,adv]b4 ,an ,adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]3 z1 ,!y are n[ "h1 /udy+ v dilig5tly4 #h4 ,,! ,,conjunction4 ,a ,conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$3 z1 ,?\ & he are happy1 because y are good4--,l4 ,murray4 #i4 ,,! ,,preposition4 ,a ,preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n2 z1 ,! pap] lies be=e me on ! desk4 #aj4 ,,! ,,int]jection4 ,an ,int]jection is a ^w t is utt]$ m]ely to indicate "s /rong or sudd5 emotion ( ! m9d3 z1 ,oh6 alas6 ah6 poh6 p%aw6 avaunt6 aha6 hurrah6 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! fir/ ?+ to be le>n$ 9 ! /udy ( ?is ! second "p ( gramm>1 is ! di/ribution ( ! words ( ! language into ^? pr9cipal sorts1 or classes1 :i* are d5om9at$ ! ,p>ts ( ,spee*4 ,?is is a matt] ( "s difficulty4 ,& z no s*eme :i* c be adopt$1 w be 9 all cases s pla9 t "y beg9n]s w n occasionally falt] 9 its application1 ! tea*] may sometimes f9d x exp$i5t to ref] 8 pupils to ! foll[+ simple explanations1 :i* are design$ to aid _! fir/ & mo/ difficult /eps4 ,h[ c we "k to :at class1 or "p ( spee*1 any ^w belongs8 ,by le>n+ ! def9itions ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee*1 & !n obs]v+ h[ ! ^w is writt51 & 9 :at s5se x is us$4 ,x is necess>y also to obs]ve1 s f> z we c1 ) :at o!r words ea* p>ticul> "o is capable ( mak+ s5se4 #a4 ,is x easy to di/+ui% an ,,article8 ,if n always easy1 x is g5]ally s3 !1 an1 & a1 are ! only ,engli% words call$ articles1 & ^! are r>ely any ?+ else4 ,because an & a h ! same import1 & are suppos$ to h ! same orig91 ! articles are commonly reckon$ two1 b "s c\nt !m z ?ree4 #b4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% a ,,n\n8 ,by means ( ! article be=e x1 if !re is "o2 z1 ! h\se1 an apple1 a book2 or1 by add+ x to ! phrase1 ,i m5tion$2 z1 ,i m5tion$ peace2--,i m5tion$ w>2--,i m5tion$ slumb]4 ,any ^w :i* ?us makes complete s5se1 is1 9 t s5se1 a n\n2 because a n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ :i* c ?us be m5tion$ by a "n4 ,( ,engli% n\ns1 !re are said to be z _m z tw5ty-five or ?irty ?\s&4 #c4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% an ,,adjective8 ,by putt+ a n\n aft] x1 to see if ! phrase w be s5se4 ,! n\n ?+1 or its plural ?+s1 w suit almo/ any adjective2 z1 ,a good ?+--,a bad ?+--,a little ?+--,a great ?+--,few ?+s--,_m ?+s--,"s ?+s--,fifty ?+s4 ,( adjectives1 !re are p]haps n9e or t5 ?\s&4 #d4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% a ,,pron\n8 ,by obs]v+ t its n\n repeat$ makes ! same s5se4 ,?us1 ! example ( ! pron\n above1 ,! boy loves 8 book2 he has long lessons1 & he le>ns !m well1--v cle>ly means1 ,! boy loves ! boy's book2 ! boy has long lessons1 & ! boy le>ns ^? lessons well4 ,"h !n1 by a disagreeable repetition ( two n\ns1 we h ! same s5se )\t any pron\n2 b x is obvi\s t ! pron\ns =m a bett] mode ( expression1 because !y prev5t ?is awkw>d repetition4 ,! diff]5t pron\ns 9 ,engli% are tw5ty-f\r2 & _! v>iations 9 decl5sion are ?irty-two3 s t ! numb] ( words ( ?is class1 is fifty-six4 #e4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% a ,,v]b8 ,by obs]v+ t x is usually ! pr9cipal ^w 9 ! s5t5ce1 & t )\t x !re w\ld be no ass]tion4 ,x is ! ^w :i* expresses :at is affirm$ or said ( ! p]son or ?+ m5tion$2 z1 ,jesus wept4--,felix trembl$4--,! j %all live by fai?4 ,x w make s5se :5 inflect$ ) ! pron\ns2 z1 ,i write1 ?\ writ'/1 he writes2 we write1 y write1 !y write4--,i walk1 ?\ walk/1 he walks2 we walk1 y walk1 !y walk4 ,( ,engli% v]bs1 "s rec5t gramm>ians compute ! numb] at eight ?\s&2 o!rs =m]ly reckon$ !m to be no m ?an f\r ?\s& ?ree hundr$4#aca #f4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% a ,,p>ticiple8 ,by obs]v+ its d]ivation f ! v]b1 & !n plac+ x aft] to be or hav+2 z1 ,to be writ+1 ,hav+ writt5--,to be walk+1 ,hav+ walk$--,to be weep+1 ,hav+ wept--,to be /udy+1 ,hav+ /udi$4 ,( simple p>ticiples1 !re are twice z _m z !re are ( simple or radical v]bs2 & ! possible comp\nds are n less num]\s ?an ! simples1 b !y are mu* less frequ5tly us$4 #g4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% an ,,adv]b8 ,by obs]v+ t x answ]s to ! "q1 ,:58 ,:]e8 ,h[ mu*8 or ,h[8--or s]ves to ask x2 z1 ,he spoke flu5tly4 ,h[ did he speak8 ,flu5tly4 ,?is ^w flu5tly is !re=e an adv]b3 x tells h[ he spoke4 ,( adv]bs1 !re are ab\t two ?\s& six hundr$2 & f\r fif?s ( !m end 9 ly4 #h4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% a ,,conjunction8 ,by obs]v+ :at words or t]ms x jo9s toge!r1 or to :at o!r conjunction x corresponds2 z1 ,nei!r weal? nor honor c heal a w\nd$ consci5ce4--,dillwyn's ,ref41 p4 #af4 ,or1 x may be well to le>n ! :ole li/ at once3 ,&1 z1 bo?1 because1 ev51 =1 if1 t1 !n1 s9ce1 see+1 s3 ,or1 nor1 ei!r1 nei!r1 ?an1 ?\gh1 al?\gh1 yet1 b1 except1 :e!r1 le/1 unless1 save1 provid$1 not)/&+1 :]eas4 ,( conjunctions1 !re are ^! tw5ty-n9e 9 common use1 & a few o!rs n[ obsolete4 #i4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% a ,,preposition8 ,by obs]v+ t x w gov]n ! pron\n !m1 & is n a v]b or a p>ticiple2 z1 ,ab\t !m--above !m--across !m--aft] !m--aga9/ !m--amid/ !m--among !m--ar\nd !m--at !m--,be=e !m--beh9d !m--bel[ !m--b5ea? !m--beside !m--betwe5 !m--beyond !m--by !m--,= !m--f !m--,9 !m--into !m1 c4 ,( ! prepositions1 !re are ab\t sixty n[ 9 common use4 #aj4 ,h[ c we di/+ui% an ,,int]jection8 ,by obs]v+ t x is an indep5d5t ^w or s\nd1 utt]$ e>ne/ly1 & v (t5 writt5 ) ! note ( exclamation2 z ,lo6 behold6 look6 see6 h>k6 hu%6 hi/6 mum6 ,( int]jections1 !re are sixty or sev5ty 9 common use1 "s ( :i* are seldom f\nd 9 books4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,an accurate k ( words1 & ( _! *anges1 is indisp5sable to a cle> disc]nm5t ( _! prop] comb9ations 9 s5t5ces1 accord+ to ! usage ( ! le>n$4 ,etymology1 !re=e1 %\ld be taught be=e syntax2 b x %\ld be *iefly taught by a direct analysis ( entire s5t5ces1 & ^? s pla9ly writt5 t ! p>ticul> effect ( e ^w may be cle>ly di/+ui%$1 & ! mean+1 :e!r intr9sic or relative1 be discov]$ ) precision4 ,! p>ts ( spee* are usually nam$ & def9$ ) ref]5ce to ! use ( words 9 s5t5ces2 &1 z ! same ^w n unfrequ5tly /&s = sev]al diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 ! le>n] %\ld be e>ly taught to make = himself ! prop] application ( ! =ego+ di/ribution1 )\t recurr5ce to a diction>y1 & )\t aid f 8 tea*]4 ,he :o is endeav\r+ to acqua9t himself ) ! gramm> ( a language :i* he c already read & und]/&1 is plac$ 9 circum/ances v diff]5t f ^? :i* att5d ! s*ool-boy :o is j beg9n+ to con/rue "s s5t5ces ( a =eign tongue4 ,a frequ5t use ( ! diction>y may facilitate ! progress ( ! "o1 :ile x delays t ( ! o!r4 ,engli% gramm>1 x is hop$1 may be le>n$ directly f ?is book alone1 ) bett] success ?an c be expect$ :5 ! att5tion ( ! le>n] is divid$ among sev]al or _m diff]5t works4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,dr4 ,james ,p4 ,wilson1 9 speak+ ( ! classification ( words1 obs]ves1 ,! names ( ! di/ributive p>ts %\ld ei!r express1 di/9ctly1 ! influ5ce1 :i* ea* class produces on s5t5ces2 or "s o!r *>act]i/ic trait1 by :i* ! respective species ( words may be di/+ui%$1 )\t dang] ( confusion4 ,x is at lea/ probable1 t no di/ribution1 suffici5tly m9ute1 c ev] be made1 ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 :i* %all be :olly free f all objection4 ,ha/y innovations1 !re=e1 & crude conjectures1 %\ld n be p]mitt$ to di/urb t c\rse ( grammatical in/ruction1 :i* has be5 advanc+ 9 melioration1 by ! unremitt+ lab\rs ( ?\s&s1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( ages4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,aga93 ,! numb] ( ! p>ts ( spee* may be r$uc$1 or enl>g$1 at pleasure2 & ! rules ( syntax may be accommodat$ to su* new arrangem5t4 ,! be/ gramm>ians f9d x difficult1 9 practice1 to di/+ui%1 9 "s in/ances1 adv]bs1 prepositions1 & conjunctions2 yet _! effects are g5]ally di/9ct4 ,?is inconv5i5ce %\ld be submitt$ to1 s9ce a less compreh5sive di/ribution w\ld be v unfav\rable to a rational inve/igation ( ! mean+ ( ,engli% s5t5ces4--,ib41 p4 #fh4 ,aga93 ,z & s h be5 also deem$ sub/itutes1 & resolv$ into o!r words4 ,b if all abbreviations are to be re/or$ to _! primitive p>ts ( spee*1 !re w be a g5]al revolution 9 ! pres5t sy/ems ( gramm>2 & ! v>i\s improvem5ts1 :i* h sprung f conv5i5ce1 or necessity1 & be5 sanction$ by ! usage ( anci5t times1 mu/ be retr5*$1 & an>*y 9 lett]s univ]sally prevail4--,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,i h else:]e suffici5tly %[n :y t5 p>ts ( spee* are to be pref]r$ to any o!r numb]1 9 ,engli%2 & :atev] div]sity ( op9ion !re may be1 respect+ ! class to :i* "s p>ticul> words ought to be ref]r$1 ,i tru/ to make x obvi\s to good s5se1 t ,i h seldom err$ f ! c\rse :i* is mo/ exp$i5t4 #a4 ,articles are us$ ) appellative n\ns1 sometimes to d5ote emphatically ! species1 b g5]ally to designate individuals4 #b4 ,n\ns /& 9 disc\rse = p]sons1 ?+s1 or ab/ract qualities4 #c4 ,adjectives commonly express ! concrete qualities ( p]sons or ?+s2 b sometimes1 _! situation or numb]4 #d4 ,pron\ns are sub/itutes = names1 or n\ns2 b !y sometimes repres5t s5t5ces4 #e4 ,v]bs ass]t1 ask1 or say some?+2 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 express action or motion4 #f4 ,p>ticiples conta9 ! ess5tial mean+ ( _! v]bs1 & commonly d5ote action1 & imply "t2 b1 ap>t f auxili>ies1 !y express t mean+ ei!r adjectively or sub/antively1 & n ) ass]tion4 #g4 ,adv]bs express ! circum/ances ( "t1 ( place1 ( degree1 & ( mann]2 ! :51 ! :]e1 ! h[ mu*1 & ! h[4 #h4 ,conjunctions connect1 sometimes words1 & sometimes s5t5ces1 r>ely phrases2 & always %[1 ei!r ! mann] 9 :i* "o s5t5ce or "o phrase dep5ds ^u an o!r1 or :at connexion !re is betwe5 two words t ref] to a ?ird4 #i4 ,prepositions express ! correspond5t relations ( ?+s to ?+s1 ( ?\ghts to ?\ghts1 or ( words to words2 = ^!1 if we speak truly1 mu/ be all ! same 9 expression4 #aj4 ,int]jections are ei!r natural s\nds or exclamatory words1 us$ indep5d5tly1 & s]v+ briefly to indicate ! wi%es or feel+s ( ! speak]4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 ! foll[+ passage1 all ! p>ts ( spee* are exemplifi$1 & ea* is po9t$ out by ! figure plac$ ov] ! ^w3-- #a #b #i #b #e #a #b #c #i #b #a #b #f ,! p[] ( spee* is a faculty peculi> to man2 a faculty be/[$ #i #d #i #d #c #b #i #a #c #h #g #c on him by 8 b5efic5t ,creator1 = ! greate/ & mo/ excell5t #b #h #aj #g #g #e #d #e #d #i #a #c #i uses2 b1 alas6 h[ (t5 d we p]v]t x to ! wor/ ( #b purposes6--,see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce1 :i* has be5 adopt$ by ,murray1 ,*ur*ill1 & o!rs1 we h ! foll[+ p>ts ( spee*3 #a4 ,! words !1 a1 & an1 are articles4 #b4 ,! words p[]1 spee*1 faculty1 man1 faculty1 ,creator1 uses1 & purposes1 are n\ns4 #c4 ,! words peculi>1 b5efic5t1 greate/1 excell5t1 & wor/1 are adjectives4 #d4 ,! words him1 81 we1 & x1 are pron\ns4 #e4 ,! words is1 d1 & p]v]t1 are v]bs4 #f4 ,! ^w be/[$ is a p>ticiple4 #g4 ,! words mo/1 h[1 & (t51 are adv]bs4 #h4 ,! words & & b are conjunctions4 #i4 ,! words (1 on1 to1 by1 =1 to1 & (1 are prepositions4 #aj4 ,! ^w alas6 is an int]jection4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,9 speak+ or writ+1 we ( c\rse br+ toge!r ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* j z !y happ5 to be ne$$4 ,?\gh a s5t5ce ( ord9>y l5g? usually embraces m ?an "o half ( !m1 x is n (t5 t we f9d !m all 9 s small a compass4 ,s5t5ces sometimes ab\nd 9 words ( a p>ticul> k9d1 & are q de/itute ( ^? ( "s o!r sort4 ,! foll[+ examples w illu/rate ^! rem>ks4 7#a7 ,,articles3 ,a squ>e is less beautiful ?an a circle2 & ! reason seems to be1 t ! att5tion is divid$ among ! sides & angles ( a squ>e1 :]eas ! circumf]5ce ( a circle1 be+ a s+le object1 makes "o entire impression4--,kames1 ,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #age4 7#b47 ,,n\ns3 ,a numb] ( ?+s de/9$ = ! same use1 su* z w9d[s1 *airs1 spoons1 buttons1 _c be too uni=m2 =1 suppos+ _! figure to be good1 utility requires uni=mity4--,ib41 i1 #agf4 7#c47 ,,adjectives3 ,h5ce no?+ j1 prop]1 dec5t1 beautiful1 proportion$1 or gr&1 is risible4--,ib41 i1 #bbi4 7#d47 ,,pron\ns3 ,i mu/ entreat ! c\rte\s read] to susp5d 8 curiosity1 & r to consid] :at is writt5 ?an :o !y are t write x4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #eef4 7#e47 ,,v]bs3 ,! lea/ consid]ation w in=m u h[ easy x is to put an ill-natur$ con/ruction ^u a ^w2 & :at p]v]se turns & expressions spr+ f an evil temp]4 ,no?+ c be expla9$ to him :o w n und]/&1 nor w any ?+ appe> "r to ! unreasonable4--,cecil4 7#f47 ,,p>ticiples3 ,! ,scriptures are an au?oritative voice1 reprov+1 in/ruct+1 & w>n+ ! _w2 & decl>+ ! only means orda9$ & provid$ = escap+ ! awful p5alties ( s94--,g4 ,b4 7#g47 ,,adv]bs3 ,! light ( ,scripture %9es /eadily1 purely1 b5ignly1 c]ta9ly1 sup]latively4--,dr4 ,s4 ,h4 ,cox4 7#h47 ,,conjunctions3 ,quietness & sil5ce bo? become & befri5d religi\s ex]cises4 ,clam\r & viol5ce (t5 h9d]1 b nev] fur!r1 ! "w ( ,god4--,h5ry's ,exposition4 7#i47 ,,prepositions3 ,he has kept among u1 9 times ( peace1 /&+ armies1 )\t ! cons5t ( our legislatures4--,dec4 ( ,indep4 7#aj47 ,,int]jections3 ,oh1 my de> /rong-box6 ,oh1 my lo/ gu9eas6 ,oh1 poor1 ru9$1 begg>$ old man6 ,boo6 hoo6 hoo6--,,moli]e3 ,burgh's ,art ( ,speak+1 p4 #bff4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,p>s+ is ! resolv+ or expla9+ ( a s5t5ce1 or ( "s relat$ ^w or words1 accord+ to ! def9itions & rules ( gramm>4 ,p>s+ is to gramm> :at ciph]+ is to ari?metic4 ,a ,praxis is a me?od ( ex]cise1 or a =m ( grammatical resolution1 %[+ ! le>n] h[ to proce$4 ,! ^w is ,greek1 & lit]ally signifies action1 do+1 practice1 or =mal use4 ,,praxis ,i--,,etymological4 ,9 ! fir/ ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--m]ely to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,fir/ ,praxis1 are "o1 & only "o1 = ea* ^w1 or "p ( spee*4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,! pati5t ox submits to ! yoke1 & meekly p]=ms ! lab\r requir$ ( him4 ,! is an article4 #a4acb ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 ,pati5t is an adjective4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 ,ox is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,submits is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,to is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,! is an article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 ,yoke is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,& is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,meekly is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,p]=ms is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,! is an article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 ,lab\r is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,requir$ is a p>ticiple4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,him is a pron\n4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,a nimble tongue (t5 trips4 ,! rule ( ! tongue is a great atta9m5t4 ,! language ( tru? is direct & pla94 ,tru? is nev] evasive4 ,flatt]y is ! food ( vanity4 ,a virtu\s m9d loa!s flatt]y4 ,va9 p]sons are an easy prey to p>asites4 ,vanity easily mi/akes sne]s = smiles4 ,! smiles ( ! _w are deceitful4 ,true fri5d%ip ha? et]nal views4 ,a fai?ful fri5d is invaluable4 ,con/ancy 9 fri5d%ip d5otes a g5]\s m9d4 ,adv]sity is ! crit]ion ( fri5d%ip4 ,love & fidelity are insep>able4 ,few "k ! value ( a fri5d till !y lose him4 ,ju/ice is ! fir/ ( all moral virtues4 ,let ju/ice hold1 & m]cy turn1 ! scale4 ,a judge is guilty :o connives at guilt4 ,ju/ice delay$ is little bett] ?an ju/ice d5i$4 ,vice is ! de=mity ( man4 ,virtue is a s\rce ( con/ant *e]fulness4 ,"o vice is m exp5sive ?an _m virtues4 ,wisdom1 ?\gh s]i\s1 is nev] sull54 ,y\? is ! season ( improvem5t4--,dillwyn's ,reflections1 pp4 #d-bg4 ,oh6 my ill-*ang'd condition6 oh1 my fate6 ,did ,i lose heav5 = ?is8--,c[ley's ,davideis4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,s prone is man to society1 & s happy 9 x1 t1 to reli% p]petual solitude1 "o mu/ be an angel or a brute4 ,9 a solit>y /ate1 no creature is m timid ?an man2 9 society1 none m bold4 ,! numb] ( (f5d]s less5s ! disgrace ( ! crime2 = a common reproa* is no reproa*4 ,a man is m unhappy 9 reproa*+ himself :5 guilty1 ?an 9 be+ reproa*$ by o!rs :5 innoc5t4 ,! pa9s ( ! m9d are h>d] to be> ?an ^? ( ! body4 ,hope1 9 ?is mix$ /ate ( good & ill1 is a bless+ f heav53 ! gift ( presci5ce w\ld be a curse4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds vice1 is to make a my/]y ( :at is innoc5t3 :oev] loves to hide1 w soon or late h reason to hide4 ,a man :o gives 8 *ildr5 a habit ( indu/ry1 provides = !m bett] ?an by giv+ !m a /ock ( money4 ,our good & evil proce$ f ourselves3 dea? appe>$ t]rible to ,cic]o1 indiff]5t to ,socrates1 desirable to ,cato4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 pp4 #bf-ec4 ,o ?\ mo/ high transc5d5t gift ( age6 ,y\? f its folly ?us to dis5gage4--,d5ham's ,age4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,calm 0 ! day1 & ! sc5e1 delightful4 ,we may expect a calm aft] a /orm4 ,to prev5t passion is easi] ?an to calm x4--,murray's ,ex41 p4 #e4 ,bett] is a little ) cont5t1 ?an a great deal ) anxiety4 ,a little att5tion w rectify "s errors4 ,un?9k+ p]sons c>e little = ! future4--,see ib4 ,/ill wat]s are commonly deepe/4 ,he lab\r$ to /ill ! tumult4 ,?\gh he is out ( dang]1 he is /ill afraid4--,ib4 ,damp air is un:olesome4 ,guilt (t5 ca/s a damp ov] our sprightlie/ h\rs4 ,s(t bodies damp ! s\nd mu* m ?an h>d ones4--,ib4 ,! hail 0 v de/ructive4 ,hail1 virtue6 s\rce ( e good4 ,we hail y z fri5ds4--,ib41 p4 #f4 ,mu* money makes no man happy4 ,?9k mu*1 & speak little4 ,he has se5 mu* ( ! _w4--,see ib4 ,e be+ loves its l4 ,we mu/ make a l space betwe5 ! l9es4 ,behave l m54 ,we are apt to l p]nici\s company4--,ib4 ,give me m love1 or m disda94--,c>ew4 ,he lov$ ,ra*el m ?an ,leah4--,g5esis4 ,b h[ mu* t m is2 he ha? no di/9ct notion4--,locke4 ,& my m hav+ w\ld be z a sauce ,to make me hung] m4--,%akspe>e4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,articles4 ,an ,article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification3 z1 ,! air1 ! />s2 an isl&1 a %ip4 ,an & a1 be+ equival5t 9 mean+1 are commonly reckon$ "o & ! same article4 ,an is us$ 9 pref]5ce to a1 :5ev] ! foll[+ ^w beg9s ) a v[el s\nd2 z1 ,an art1 an end1 an heir1 an in*1 an ounce1 an h\r1 an urn4 ,a is us$ 9 pref]5ce to an1 :5ev] ! foll[+ ^w beg9s ) a consonant s\nd2 z1 ,a man1 a h\se1 a wond]1 a "o1 a yew1 a use1 a ew]4 ,?us ! consonant s\nds ( w & y1 ev5 :5 express$ by o!r lett]s1 require a & n an be=e !m4 ,a common n\n1 :5 tak5 9 its wide/ s5se1 usually admits no article3 z1 ,a c&id temp] is prop] = man2 t is1 = all mank9d4--,murray4 ,9 ,engli%1 n\ns )\t any article1 or o!r def9itive1 are (t5 us$ 9 a s5se indef9itely p>titive3 z1 ,he took bread1 & gave ?anks4--,acts4 ,t is1 "s bread4 ,to buy food are ?y s]vants come4--,g5esis4 ,t is1 "s food4 ,!re are fi%es t h w+s1 & are n /rang]s to ! airy region4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #cbb4 ,t is1 "s fi%es4 ,words 9 :i* no?+ b ! m]e be+ ( any ?+ is impli$1 are us$ )\t articles3 z1 ',?is is n be]1 b wat]2' ',?is is n brass1 b /eel4'--,see ,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,an or a be=e ! g5us1 may ref] to a :ole species2 & ! be=e ! species1 may d5ote t :ole species emphatically3 z1 ,a c]ta9 bird is t]m$ ! cuckoo1 f ! s\nd :i* x emits4--,blair4 ,b an or a is commonly us$ to d5ote individuals z unkn[n1 or z n specially di/+ui%$ f o!rs3 z1 ,i see an object pass by1 :i* ,i nev] saw till n[2 & ,i say1 ',!re goes a begg> ) a long be>d4'--,h>ris4 ,& ! is commonly us$ to d5ote individuals z kn[n1 or z specially di/+ui%$ f o!rs3 z1 ,! man dep>ts1 & returns a week aft]2 & ,i say1 ',!re goes ! begg> ) ! long be>d4'--,id4 ,! article ! is appli$ to n\ns ( ci!r numb]3 z1 ,! man1 ! m52 ,! good boy1 ! good boys4 ,! is commonly requir$ be=e adjectives t are us$ by ellipsis z n\ns3 z1 ,! "y are slaves to novelty2 ! old1 to cu/om4--,ld4 ,kames4 ,! article an or a implies unity1 or "o1 & ( c\rse belongs to n\ns ( ! s+ul> numb] only2 z1 ,a man1--,an old man1--,a good boy4 ,an or a1 l "o1 sometimes gives a collective mean+ to an adjective ( numb]1 :5 ! n\n foll[+ is plural2 z1 ,a few days1--,a hundr$ m51--,"o hundr$ p\nds /]l+4 ,articles %\ld be ins]t$ z (t5 z ! s5se requires !m2 z1 ,repeat ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b to abide4--,error 9 ,m]*ant's ,am]ican ,s*ool ,gramm>1 p4 #ff4 ,ne$less articles %\ld be omitt$2 !y seldom fail to p]v]t ! s5se3 z1 ,! ,rh9e1 ! ,danube1 ! ,tanais1 ! ,po1 ! ,wolga1 ! ,ganges1 l _m hundr$s ( simil> names1 rose n f any obscure j>gon or irrational dialect4--,error 9 ,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cbg4 ,! articles c seldom be put "o = ! o!r1 )\t gross impropriety2 & ( c\rse ei!r is to be pref]r$ to ! o!r1 z x bett] suits ! s5se3 z1 ,! violation ( ?is rule nev] fails to hurt & displease a read]4--,error 9 ,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #ajg4 ,say1 ,a violation ( ?is rule nev] fails to displease ! read]4 ,,classes4 ,! articles are di/+ui%$ z ! def9ite & ! indef9ite4 ,i4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s2 z1 ,! boy1 ! oranges4 ,,ii4 ,! indef9ite article is an or a1 :i* d5otes "o ?+ ( a k9d1 b n any p>ticul> "o2 z1 ,a boy1 an orange4 ,,modifications4#acc ,! ,engli% articles h no modifications1 except t an is %ort5$ into a be=e ! s\nd ( a consonant2 z1 ,9 an epic poem1 or a poem ^u an elevat$ subject1 a writ] ought to avoid rais+ a simile on a l[ image4--,ld4 ,kames4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,no o!r words are s (t5 employ$ z ! articles4 ,&1 by reason ( ! v>i\s & v frequ5t occasions on :i* ^! def9itives are requir$1 no words are (t5] misappli$2 none1 (t5] omitt$ or ins]t$ errone\sly4 ,i %all !re=e copi\sly illu/rate bo? _! uses & _! abuses2 ) ! hope t e read] ( ?is volume w ?9k x wor? 8 :ile to ga9 t k :i* is requisite to ! true use ( ^! small b important words4 ,"s p>ts ( ! explanation1 h[ev]1 mu/ be def]r$ till we come to ,syntax4 ,,obs4 #b4--,) ! attempts ( ,tooke1 ,dalton1 ,web/]1 ,c>dell1 ,f[le1 ,wells1#acd ,weld1 ,butl] ,frazee1 ,p]ley1 ,mulligan1 ,p9neo1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 & o!r writ]s1 to degrade ! article f its anci5t rank among ! p>ts ( spee*1 no judici\s read]1 duly acqua9t$ ) ! subject1 c1 ,i ?9k1 be well pleas$4 ,an article is n prop]ly an adjective1 z !y w\ld h x to be2 b x is a ^w ( a peculi> sort--a cu/om>y index to ! s5se ( n\ns4 ,x s]ves n m]ely to %[ ! ext5t ( signification1 9 :i* n\ns are to be tak51 b is (t5 ! pr9cipal1 & sometimes ! only m>k1 by :i* a ^w is kn[n to h ! s5se & con/ruction ( a n\n4 ,!re is j z mu* reason to d5y & degrade ! ,greek or ,fr5* article1 7or t ( any o!r language17 z ! ,engli%2 &1 if ^? :o are s zeal\s to re=m our !1 an1 & a into adjectives1 c>$ at all to appe> consi/5t 9 ! view ( ,comp>ative or ,g5]al ,gramm>1 !y w\ld ei!r set ab\t a wid] re=mation or back out soon f ! pett9ess ( ?is4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,fir/ let x be und]/ood1 t an or a is ne>ly equival5t 9 mean+ to ! num]al adjective "o1 b less emphatic2 & t ! is ne>ly equival5t 9 mean+ to ! pronom9al adjective t or ^?1 b less emphatic4 ,on "s occasions1 ^! adjectives may well be sub/itut$ = ! articles2 b n g5]ally4 ,if ! articles 7 g5]ally equival5t to adjectives1 or ev5 if !y 7 g5]ally l !m1 !y w\ld be adjectives2 b1 t adjectives may occasionally supply _! places1 is no argum5t at all = conf\nd+ ! two p>ts ( spee*4 ,di/9ctions mu/ be made1 :]e diff]5ces exi/2 &1 t a1 an1 & !1 d diff] consid]ably f ! o!r words :i* !y mo/ resemble1 is %[n ev5 by "s :o judge ! di/9ctive "n ( article to be useless4 ,see ,crombie's ,treatise1 ,*ap4 #b4 ,! articles !re=e mu/ be di/+ui%$1 n only f adjectives1 b f ea* o!r4 ,=1 ?\gh bo? are articles1 ea* is an index sui g5]is2 ! "o def9ite1 ! o!r indef9ite4 ,& z ! words t & "o _c (t5 be int]*ang$ )\t a diff]5ce ( mean+1 s ! def9ite article & ! indef9ite are seldom1 if ev]1 int]*angeable4 ,to put "o = ! o!r1 is !re=e1 9 g5]al1 to put "o mean+ = an o!r3 ,a daught] ( a poor man--,! daught] ( ! poor man--,a daught] ( ! poor man--&1 ,! daught] ( a poor man1 are f\r phrases :i* c]ta9ly h f\r diff]5t & di/9ct significations4 ,?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! two articles may be fur!r illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ example3 ,t ,jesus 0 a prophet s5t f ,god1 is "o proposition2 t ,jesus 0 ! prophet1 ! ,messiah1 is an o!r2 &1 ?\gh he c]ta9ly 0 bo? a prophet & ! prophet1 yet ! f\ndations ( ! pro( ( ^! propositions are sep>ate & di/9ct4--,watson's ,apology1 p4 #aje4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,common n\ns are1 = ! mo/ "p1 names ( l>ge classes ( objects2 &1 ?\gh :at really con/itutes ! species mu/ always be f\nd entire 9 e individual1 ! sev]al objects ?us arrang$ "u "o g5]al "n or idea1 are 9 mo/ in/ances susceptible ( su* a num]ical di/ribution z gives rise to an o!r =m ( ! n\n1 expressive ( plurality2 z1 horse1 horses4 ,prop] n\ns 9 _! ord9>y application1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 names ( p>ticul> individuals2 & z !re is no plurality to a p>ticul> idea1 or to an individual p]son or ?+ z di/+ui%$ f all o!rs1 s !re is 9 g5]al none to ?is class ( n\ns2 & no room = fur!r re/riction by articles4 ,b we sometimes div]t su* n\ns f _! usual signification1 & consequ5tly employ !m ) articles or 9 ! plural =m2 z1 ,i endeav\r$ to reta9 x nak$ly 9 my m9d1 )\t reg>d+ :e!r ,i _h x f an ,ari/otle or a ,zoilus1 a ,newton or a ,desc>tes4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 #h4 ,x is n en\gh to h ,vitruviuses1 we mu/ also h ,augu/uses to employ !m4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #fa4 ,a ,daniel come to judgm5t6 yea1 a ,daniel6 --,,%ak4 ,%ylock4 ,great ,hom]1 9 ?' ,a*illes1 :om he drew1 ,sets n t "o sole ,p]son 9 our ,view4 --,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! article an or a usually d5otes "o out ( sev]al or _m2 "o ( a sort ( :i* !re are m2 any "o ( t "n1 no matt] :i*4 ,h5ce its effect ^u a p>ticul> "n1 or prop] n\n1 is directly ! rev]se ( t :i* x has ^u a common n\n4 ,x v>ies & fixes ! mean+ ( bo?2 b :ile x re/ricts t ( ! latt]1 x enl>ges t ( ! =m]4 ,x r$uces ! g5]al idea ( ! common n\n to any "o individual ( ! class3 z1 ,a man2 t is1 ,"o man1 or any man4 ,on ! contr>y1 x ext5ds ! p>ticul> idea ( ! prop] n\n1 & makes ! ^w significant ( a class1 by suppos+ o!rs to :om x w apply3 z1 ,a ,n]o2 t is1 ,any ,n]o1 or any cruel tyrant4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ?is article be=e a prop] "n1 seems to leave ! idea /ill p>ticul>2 b1 if x really does s1 ! propriety ( us+ x may be d\bt$3 z1 ,no1 n by a ,john ! ,bapti/ ris5 f ! dead4--,h5ry's ,expos41 ,m>k1 vi4 ,x 0 n solely ow+ to ! madness & depravity ( a ,tib]ius1 a ,caligula1 a ,n]o1 or a ,c>acalla1 t a cruel & sangu9>y _s1 9 _! day1 0 s univ]sal4--,m',ilva9e's ,evid41 p4 #cih4 ,,obs4 #f4--,) ! def9ite article1 ! n\n is appli$1 sometimes specifically1 sometimes individually1 b always def9itely1 always di/9ctively4 ,?is article is demon/rative4 ,x m>ks ei!r ! p>ticul> individual1 or ! p>ticul> species1--or1 7if ! n\n be plural17 "s p>ticul> individuals ( ! species1--z be+ di/+ui%$ f all o!rs4 ,x sometimes ref]s to a ?+ z hav+ be5 previ\sly m5tion$2 sometimes presumes ^u ! he>]'s famili>ity ) ! ?+2 & sometimes indicates a limitation :i* is made by subsequ5t words connect$ ) ! n\n4 ,su* is ! import ( ?is article1 t ) x ! s+ul> numb] ( ! n\n is (t5 m compreh5sive1 & at ! same "t m specific1 ?an ! plural4 ,?us1 if ,i say1 ,! horse is a noble animal1 )\t o!rwise intimat+ t ,i speak ( "s p>ticul> horse1 ! s5t5ce w be und]/ood to embrace collectively t species ( animal2 & ,i %all be ?\ght to mean1 ,horses are noble animals4 ,b if ,i say1 ,! horses are noble animals1 ,i use an expression s mu* m limit$1 z to include only a few2 x mu/ mean "s p>ticul> horses1 :i* ,i di/+ui% f all ! re/ ( ! species4 ,su* limitations %\ld be made1 :5ev] !re is occasion = !m2 b ne$less re/rictions displease ! imag9ation1 & ought to be avoid$2 because ! m9d naturally delights 9 t]ms z compreh5sive z !y may be1 if also specific4 ,l9dley ,murray1 ?\gh n uni=m 9 8 practice respect+ ?is1 seems to h ?\ght x necess>y to use ! plural 9 _m s5t5ces 9 :i* ,i %\ld decid$ly pref] ! s+ul>2 z1 ,t ! le>n]s may h no d\bts4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ha4 ,! bus9ess w n be t$i\s to ! s*ol>s4--,ib41 #ha4 ,= ! in=mation ( ! le>n]s4--,ib41 #ha4 ,x may af=d in/ruction to ! le>n]s4--,ib41 #aaj4 ,t ?is is ! case1 ! le>n]s w p]ceive by ! foll[+ examples4--,ib41 #cbf4 ,"s k ( x appe>s to be indisp5sable to ! s*ol>s4--,ib41 #cce4 ,,obs4 #g4--,prop] names ( a plural =m & signification1 are almo/ always prec$$ by ! def9ite article2 z1 ,! ,wesleys1--,! twelve ,cs>s1--,all ! ,h[>ds4 ,s ! names ( p>ticul> nations1 tribes1 & sects2 z1 ,! ,romans1 ! ,jews1 ! ,levites1 ! ,/oics4 ,likewise ! plural names ( m\nta9s2 z1 ,! ,alps1 ! ,ap5n9es1 ! ,pyr5ees1 ! ,&es4 ,( plural names l ^!1 & especially ( su* z designate tribes & sects1 !re is a v great numb]4 ,l o!r prop] names1 !y mu/ be di/+ui%$ f ! ord9>y words ( ! language1 & accord+ly !y are always writt5 ) capitals2 b !y p>take s l>gely ( ! nature ( common n\ns1 t x seems d\btful to :i* class !y mo/ prop]ly belong4 ,h5ce !y n only admit1 b require ! article2 :ile mo/ o!r prop] names are s def9ite 9 !mselves1 t ! article1 if put be=e !m1 w\ld be ne$less1 & !re=e improp]4 ,na%1 ,rutl$ge1 ,jeff]son1 9 c\ncil great1 ,& ,jay1 & ,laur5s op$ ! rolls ( fate2 ,! ,liv+/ons1 fair fre$oms g5]\s b&1 ,! ,lees1 ! ,h\/ons1 fa!rs ( ! l&4--,b>l[4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,9 prose1 ! def9ite article is always us$ be=e names ( riv]s1 unless ! ^w riv]1 be add$2 z1 ,! ,delaw>e1 ! ,hudson1 ! ,connecticut4 ,b if ! ^w riv] be add$1 ! article becomes ne$less2 z1 ,delaw>e riv]1 ,hudson riv]1 ,connecticut riv]4 ,yet !re seems to be no impropriety 9 us+ bo?2 z1 ,! ,delaw>e riv]1 ! ,hudson riv]1 ! ,connecticut riv]4 ,& if ! common n\n be plac$ be=e ! prop] "n1 ! article is aga9 necess>y2 z1 ,! riv] ,delaw>e1 ! riv] ,hudson1 ! riv] ,connecticut4 ,9 ! fir/ =m ( expression1 h[ev]1 ! article has n usually be5 resolv$ by gramm>ians z relat+ to ! prop] "n2 b ^! examples1 & o!rs ( a simil> "*1 h be5 suppos$ elliptical3 z1 ,! riv] ,potomac--,! %ip ,con/itution1--,! /eamboat ,fulton4 ,^u ?is supposition1 ! words 9 ! fir/ & f\r? =ms are to be p>s$ alike2 ! article relat+ to ! common n\n1 express$ or und]/ood1 & ! prop] n\n be+ 9 apposition ) ! appellative4 ,b 9 ! second =m1 ! apposition is rev]s$2 &1 9 ! ?ird1 ! prop] "n appe>s to be tak5 adjectively4 ,)\t ! article1 "s names ( riv]s c\ld n be und]/ood2 z1 ,no m ! ,v>us & ! ,atax feel ,! lordly burd5 ( ! ,latian keel4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 i4 l4 #gbb4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! def9ite article is (t5 us$ by way ( em95ce1 to di/+ui% "s p>ticul> individual emphatically1 or to apply to him "s *>act]i/ic "n or quality3 z1 ,! ,/agirite1--t is1 ,ari/otle2 ,! ,psalmi/1 t is1 ,david2 ,alex&] ! ,great1--t is1 7p]haps17 ,alex&] ! ,great ,mon>*1 or ,great ,h]o4 ,s1 sometimes1 :5 ! phrase relates to a collective body ( m53 z1 ,! ,hon\rable1 ! ,legislature1--,! ,hon\rable1 ! ,s5ate2--t is1 ,! ,hon\rable ,body1 ! ,legislature1 c4 ,a simil> application ( ! article 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 makes a mo/ beautiful & expressive =m ( complim5t3 ,^! are ! sacr$ feel+s ( ?y he>t1 ,o ,lyttleton1 ! fri5d4--,?omson4 ,! pride ( swa9s ,palemon 01 ! g5]\s & ! ri*4--,id4 ,9 ?is la/ example1 ! n\n man is und]/ood aft] g5]\s1 & aga9 aft] ri*2 =1 ! article be+ an index to ! n\n1 ,i conceive x to be improp] ev] to con/rue two articles z hav+ ref]5ce to "o unrepeat$ ^w4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,we sometimes repeat ! article1 :5 ! epi!t prec$es ! sub/antive2 z ,he 0 met by ! wor%ipful ! magi/rates4--,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,x is true1 we occasionally meet ) su* fulsome phraseology z ?is2 b ! "q is1 h[ is x to be expla9$8 ,i imag9e t ! ^w p]sonages1 or some?+ equival5t1 mu/ be und]/ood aft] wor%ipful1 & t ! ,doctor ought to h ins]t$ a comma !re4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,9 ,greek1 !re is no article correspond+ to our an or a1 consequ5tly man & a man are r5d]$ alike2 ! ^w1 ,greek3 an?ropos may mean ei!r4 ,see1 9 ! orig9al1 ^! texts3 ,!re 0 a man s5t f ,god1 7,john1 i1 #f17 &1 ,:at is man1 t ?\ art m9dful ( him8--,heb41 ii1 #f4 ,s ( o!r n\ns4 ,b ! def9ite article ( t language1 :i* is exactly equival5t to our !1 is a decl9able ^w1 mak+ no small figure 9 gramm>4 ,x is v>i$ by numb]s1 g5d]s1 & cases2 s t x assumes m ?an tw5ty diff]5t =ms1 & becomes susceptible ( six & ?irty diff]5t ways ( agreem5t4 ,b ?is article 9 ,engli% is p]fectly simple1 be+ entirely de/itute ( grammatical modifications1 & consequ5tly incapable ( any =m ( grammatical agreem5t or disagreem5t--a circum/ance ( :i* _m ( our gramm>ians seem to be ignorant2 s9ce !y prescribe a rule1 :]e9 !y say1 x agrees1 may agree1 or mu/ agree1 ) its n\n4 ,nor has ! indef9ite article any v>iation ( =m1 except ! *ange f an to a1 :i* has be5 made = ! sake ( brevity or euphony4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,z an or a conveys ! idea ( unity1 ( c\rse x applies to no o!r ?an n\ns ( ! s+ul> numb]4 ,an eagle is "o eagle1 & ! plural ^w eagles d5otes m ?an "o2 b :at c\ld possibly be meant by ans eagles1 if su* a phrase 7 inv5t$8 ,h>ris v /rangely says1 ,! ,greeks h no article correspond5t to an or a1 b supply its place by a ,,negation ( _! article4 ,& ev5 9 ,engli%1 :]e ! article a _c be us$1 z 9 plurals1 its =ce is expre/ by ! same ,,negation4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bah4 ,:at a sample ( gramm> is ?is6 ,besides sev]al m9or faults1 we h "h a non5tity1 a ,,negation ( ! ,greek article1 made to occupy a place 9 language1 & to express =ce6 ,! =ce ( :at8 ,( a plural an or a16 ( su* a ^w z ans or aes6 ,! error ( ! fir/ ( ^! s5t5ces1 ,dr4 ,blair has copi$ entire into 8 eigh? lecture4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! foll[+ rules ( agreem5t1 ?\gh f\nd 9 _m ,engli% gramm>s1 are n only objectionable ) respect to ! s5se int5d$1 b s badly writt5 z to be sc>cely intelligible 9 any s5se3 #a4 ,! article a or an agrees ) n\ns 9 ! s+ul> numb] only1 individually1 or collectively3 z1 ,a ,*ri/ian1 an infidel1 a score1 a ?\s&4 #b4 ,! def9ite article ! may agree ) n\ns 9 ! s+ul> ,,&#ace plural numb]3 z1 ,! g>d51 ! h\ses1 ! />s4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #agj2 #abmo1 #aci2 ,fi%'s ,murray1 #ih2 a ,tea*]'s1 #de4 ,= ! purpose ( prev5t+ any errone\s con/ruction ( ! articles1 ^! rules are utt]ly useless2 & = ! purpose ( syntactical p>s+1 or ! grammatical resolution ( ?is "p ( spee*1 !y are awkw>d & inconv5i5t4 ,! syntax ( ! articles may be mu* bett] express$ 9 ?is mann]3 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit1 =1 9 ,engli%1 ! be>+ ( ! articles ^u o!r words is prop]ly t ( simple relation1 or dep5d5ce1 accord+ to ! s5se1 & n t ( agreem5t1 n a simil>ity ( di/9ctive modifications4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,among all ! works ( e>li] gramm>ians1 ,i h nev] yet f\nd a book :i* taught correctly ! application ( ! two =ms ( ! indef9ite article an or a4 ,murray1 contr>y to ,johnson & ,web/]1 consid]s a to be ! orig9al ^w1 & an ! euphonic d]ivative4 ,he says3 ,a becomes an be=e a v[el1 & be=e a sil5t h4 ,b if ! h be s\nd$1 ! a only is to be us$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,to ?is he adds1 9 a m>g9al note1 ,a in/ead ( an is n[ us$ be=e words beg9n+ ) u long4 ,x is us$ be=e "o4 ,an mu/ be us$ be=e words ,,:]e ! h is n sil5t1 if ! acc5t is on ! second syllable2 z1 an h]oic action1 an hi/orical acc\nt4--,ib4 ,?is explanation1 clumsy z x is1 9 ! :ole conception2 brok51 prolix1 defici5t1 & inaccurate z x is1 bo? 9 /yle & doctr9e2 has be5 copi$ & copi$ f gramm> to gramm>1 z if no "o c\ld possibly bett] x4 ,besides sev]al o!r faults1 x conta9s a palpable misuse ( ! article itself3 ! h :i* is specifi$ 9 ! second & fif? s5t5ces1 is ! sil5t h ( ! fir/ s5t5ce2 & ?is inaccurate specification gives u ! two obvi\s solecisms ( suppos+1 if ! sil5t h be s\nd$1 & ( locat+ words ,,:]e ! sil5t h is n sil5t6 ,9 ! ^w hum\r1 & its d]ivatives1 ! h is sil5t1 by all au?ority except ,web/]'s2 & yet ^! words require a & n an be=e !m4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,x is ! s\nd only1 t gov]ns ! =m ( ! article1 & n ! lett] itself2 z1 ,^? :i* admit ( ! regul> =m1 are m>k$ ) an ,r4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aja4 ,a h]oic poem1 writt5 by ,virgil4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,e poem ( ! k9d has no d\bt a hi/orical gr\ndwork4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #deg4 ,a poet mu/ be a naturali/ & a hi/orian4--,col]idge's ,introduction1 p4 #aaa4 ,be=e h 9 an unacc5t$ syllable1 ei!r =m ( ! article may be us$ )\t (f5ce to ! e>2 & ei!r may be made to appe> pref]able to ! o!r1 by m]ely aspirat+ ! lett] 9 a great] or less degree4 ,b z ! h1 ?\gh ev] s feebly aspirat$ has some?+ ( a consonant s\nd1 ,i incl9e to ?9k ! article 9 ?is case ought to con=m to ! g5]al pr9ciple3 z1 ,a hi/orical introduction has1 g5]ally1 a happy effect to r\se att5tion4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #caa4 ,he :o w\ld write h]oic poems1 %\ld make 8 :ole life a h]oic poem4--,see ,life ( ,s*ill]1 p4 #ef4 ,)9 two l9es ( ?is quotation1 ! biograph] speaks ( an h]oic multitude6 ,! suppression ( ! s\nd ( h be+ ) ,engli%m5 a v common fault 9 pronunciation1 x is n desirable to increase ! error1 by us+ a =m ( ! article :i* naturally leads to x4 ,h[ (t5 d we he> an air metamorphos$ into a hair1 a hat into a gnat1 & a h]o into a ,n]o6--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bje4 ,?us3 ,nei!r ( !m _h t bold & adv5tur\s ambition :i* makes a conqu]or an h]o4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #agd4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,"s lat] gramm>ians are /ill m faulty ?an ,murray1 9 _! rules = ! application ( an or a4 ,?us ,sanborn3 ,! v[els are a1 e1 i1 o1 & u4 ,an %\ld be us$ be=e words beg9n+ ) any ( ^! lett]s1 or ) a sil5t h4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,an is us$ be=e words beg9n+ ) u long or ) h n sil5t1 :5 ! acc5t is on ! second syllable2 z1 an unit$ p1 an hi/orical acc\nt1 an h]oic action4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,a is us$ :5 ! next ^w beg9s ) a consonant2 an1 :5 x beg9s ) a v[el or sil5t h4--lb41 p4 #abi4 ,if ^! rules 7 believ$ & foll[$1 !y w\ld greatly multiply errors4 ,,obs4 #af4--,:e!r ! ^w a has be5 =m$ f an1 or an f a1 is a disput$ po9t--or r1 a po9t on :i* our gramm>ians dogmatize diff]5tly4 ,?is1 if x be wor? ! se>*1 mu/ be settl$ by consult+ "s g5u9e writ+s ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 ! pure ,saxon ( an e>li] date1 ! words seldom occur2 & 9 t anci5t dialect an1 ,i believe1 is us$ only z a decl9able num]ical adjective1 & a only z a preposition4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 bo? =ms 7 9 common use1 9 ! s5se n[ giv5 !m1 z may be se5 9 ! writ+s ( ,rob]t ( ,gl\ce/]2 ?\gh "s writ]s ( a mu* lat] date--or1 at any rate1 "o1 ! celebrat$ ,gaw9 ,d\glas1 a ,scotti% bi%op1 :o di$ ( ! plague 9 ,london1 9 #aebb--;con/antly wrote ane = bo? an & a3 z1 ,be n ou] /udy\s to spy ane mote 9 myn ,e1 ,t 9 g\r aw9 ane f]rye bot c n se4 --,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #abd4 ,ane u?ir ma*e to him 0 so*t & sp]it2 ,bot ?>e 0 nane ( all ! r\t t /]it4 --,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #afj4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,?is1 h[ev]1 0 a ,scotticism2 z is also ! use ( ae = a3 ,g[] & ,*auc] us$ an & a z we n[ use !m4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,m',cullo*1 9 an ,engli% gramm> publi%$ lately 9 ,ed9burgh1 says1 ,a & an 7 orig9ally ae & ane1 & 7 probably us$ at fir/ simply to convey ! idea ( unity2 z1 ae man1 ane ox4--,manual ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,= ?is idea1 & inde$ = a great "p ( 8 book1 he is indebt$ to ,dr4 ,crombie2 :o says1 ,to signify unity1 or "o ( a class1 our =efa!rs employ$ ae or ane2 z1 ae man1 ane ox4--,treatise on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #ec4 ,^! au?ors1 l ,web/]1 w h a & an to be adjectives4 ,dr4 ,johnson says1 ,a1 an article set be=e n\ns ( ! s+ul> numb]2 z1 a man1 a tree4 ,?is article has no plural signification4 ,be=e a ^w beg9n+ ) a v[el1 x is writt5 an2 z1 an ox1 an egg2 ( :i* a is ! contraction4--,qu>to ,dict41 w4 ,a4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,dr4 ,web/] says1 ,a is also an abbreviation ( ! ,saxon an or ane1 "o1 us$ be=e words beg9n+ ) an articulation2 z1 a table1 in/ead ( an table1 or "o table4 ,?is is a mod]n *ange2 =1 9 ,saxon1 an 0 us$ be=e articulations z well z v[els2 z1 an tid1 a "t1 an ge>1 a ye>4--,web/]'s ,octavo ,dict41 w4 ,a4 ,a mod]n *ange1 inde$6 ,by 8 own %[+ 9 o!r works1 x 0 made long be=e ! ,engli% language exi/$6 ,he says1 ,an1 !re=e1 is ! orig9al ,engli% adjective or ord9al numb] "o2 & 0 nev] writt5 a until aft] ! ,conque/4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #bj2 ,improv$ ,gram41 #ad4 ,! ,conque/1 means ! ,norman ,conque/1 9 #ajff2 b ,engli% 0 n writt5 till ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,?is au?or has long be5 idly cont5d+1 t an or a is n an article1 b an adjective2 & t x is n prop]ly di/+ui%$ by ! t]m indef9ite4 ,murray has answ]$ him well en\gh1 b he w n be conv9c$4#acf ,see ,murray's ,gram41 pp4 #cd & #ce4 ,if a & "o 7 equal1 we c\ld n say1 ,su* a "o1--,:at a "o1--,_m a "o1--,?is "o ?+2 & surely ^! are all good ,engli%1 ?\gh a & "o "h admit no int]*ange4 ,nay1 a is sometimes f\nd be=e "o :5 ! latt] is us$ adjectively2 z1 ,!re is no record 9 ,holy ,writ ( ! in/itution ( a "o all-controll+ mon>*y4--,supremacy ( ! ,pope ,disprov$1 p4 #i4 ,if n to a "o ,sole ,arbit]4--,ib41 p4 #ai4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,an is sometimes a conjunction1 signify+ if2 z1 ,nay1 an ?\'lt m\!1 ,i'll rant z well z ?\4--,%ak4 ,an ,i h n ballads made on y all1 & sung to fifty tunes1 may a cup ( sack be my poison4--,id41 ,fal/aff4 ,b1 an x 7 to d aga91 ,i %\ld write aga94--,"l ,byron's ,lett]s4 ,b an x be a long "p1 ,i c't rememb] x4--,,%akspe>e3 ,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #acf4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we meet ) sev]al su* expressions z ! foll[+3 ,& 8 disciples 7 an hungr$4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,matt1 xii1 #a4 ,:5 he 0 an hungr$4--,ib4 xii1 #c4 ,:5 he _h ne$ & 0 an hung]$4--,ib4 ,m>k1 ii1 #be4 ,alg]1 ! improv] ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 & editor ( ! ,pron\nc+ ,bible1 tak+ ?is an to be ! indef9ite article1 & p]ceiv+ t ! h is s\nd$ 9 hung]$1 *ang$ ! p>ticle to a 9 all ^! passages2 z1 ,& 8 disciples 7 a hung]$4 ,b :at s5se he ?\ght he _h made ( ! sacr$ record1 ,i "k n4 ,! ,greek text1 r5d]$ ^w = ^w1 is simply ?is3 ,& 8 disciples hung]$4 ,& t ! s5t5ces above1 tak5 ei!r way1 are n good ,engli%1 mu/ be obvi\s to e intellig5t read]4 ,an1 z ,i appreh5d1 is "h a m]e prefix1 :i* has someh[ be5 mi/ak5 9 =m1 & errone\sly disjo9$ f ! foll[+ ^w4 ,if s1 ! correction ought to be made aft] ! fa%ion ( ! foll[+ passage f ,bi%op ,m',ilva9e3 ,on a c]ta9 occasion1 our ,savi\r 0 foll[$ by five ?\s& m51 into a des]t place1 :]e !y 7 enhung]$4--,lectures on ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #baj4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,! ^w a1 :5 x does n d5ote "o ?+ ( a k9d1 is n an article1 b a g5u9e preposition2 be+ probably ! same z ! ,fr5* 1 signify+ to1 at1 on1 91 or (3 z1 ,:o ha? x8 ,he t di$ a ,w$nesday4--,%ak4 ,t is1 on ,w$nesday4 ,s sometimes be=e plurals2 z1 ,he c>ves a ,sundays4--,swift4 ,t is1 on ,sundays4 ,he is let out a nights4--,id4 ,t is1 on nights--l ! foll[+ example3 ,a pack ( rascals t walk ! /reets on nights4--,id4 ,he w knap ! spe>s a pieces ) 8 tee?4--,m's ,antid4 ,t is1 9 pieces1 or to pieces4 ,s 9 ! comp\nd ^w n[-a-days1 :]e x means on2 & 9 ! prop] names1 ,?omas ,becket1 ,?omas ,kempis1 ,an?ony ,wood1 :]e x means at or (4 ,bot c]ta9ly ! daisit blude n[ on dayis ,waxis dolf & dull ?r[ myne unwieldy age4--,d\glas4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,z a preposition1 a has n[ mo/ g5]ally become a prefix1 or :at ! gramm>ians call an insep>able preposition2 z 9 ab$1 9 b$2 abo>d1 on bo>d2 abroad1 at l>ge2 afire1 on fire2 a=e1 9 front2 af\l1 9 contact2 al(t1 on high2 al\d1 ) l\dness2 ama91 at ma9 /r5g?2 amid/1 9 ! mid/2 ak91 ( k92 aj>1 unfa/5$2 ahead1 onw>d2 afield1 to ! field2 alee1 to ! leew>d2 anew1 ( new1 ) r5ewal4 ,a-nights1 he 0 9 ! practice ( sleep+1 c42 b a-days he kept look+ on ! b>r5 ocean1 %$d+ te>s4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #afb4 ,comp\nds ( ?is k9d1 9 mo/ in/ances1 foll[ v]bs1 & are consequ5tly reckon$ adv]bs2 z1 ,to g a/ray1--,to turn aside1--,to so> al(t1--,to fall asleep4 ,b sometimes ! antec$5t t]m is a n\n or a pron\n1 & !n !y are z cle>ly adjectives2 z1 ,imag9ation is l to "w bett] ^u sleep+ m51 ?an m5 awake4--,"l ,bacon4 ,man alive1 did y ev] make a hornet afraid1 or cat* a weasel asleep8 ,& sometimes ! comp\nd gov]ns a n\n or a pron\n aft] x1 & !n x is a preposition2 z1 ,a bridge is laid across a riv]4--,web/]'s ,dict41 ,to break 8 bridge a?w>t ! ,hellespont4--,bacon's ,essays4 ,:]e ,uf5s glides along ! l[ly l&s1 ,or ! black wat] ( ,pompt9a /&s4--,dryd54 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,9 sev]al phrases1 n yet to be acc\nt$ obsolete1 ?is old preposition /ill reta9s its place z a sep>ate ^w2 & none h be5 m p]plex+ to sup]ficial gramm>ians1 ?an ^? :i* are =m$ by us+ x be=e p>ticiples 9 +2 9 :i* in/ances1 ! p>ticiples are 9 fact gov]n$ by x3 = no?+ is m common 9 our language1 ?an = p>ticiples ( ?is =m to be gov]n$ by prepositions4 ,= example1 ,y h set ! cask a leak+1 &1 ,y h set ! cask to leak+1 are exactly equival5t1 bo? 9 mean+ & con/ruction4 ,=ty & six ye>s 0 ?is temple 9 build+4--,john1 ii1 #bj4 ,build+ is n "h a n\n1 b a p>ticiple2 & 9 is "h bett] ?an a1 only because ! phrase1 a build+1 might be tak5 = an article & a n\n1 mean+ an edifice4#acg ,yet1 9 almo/ all cases1 o!r prepositions are1 ,i ?9k1 to be pref]r$ to 1 if o!rs equival5t to x c be f\nd4 ,examples3 ,la/ly1 !y g ab\t to apologize = ! long "t _! book ha? be5 a com+ out3 i4e41 9 com+ out4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #agi4 ,&1 = want ( reason1 he falls a rail+33 i4e41 to rail+4--,ib41 iii1 #ceg4 ,t ! s\l %\ld be ?is mom5t busy a ?9k+3 i4e41 at or 9 ?9k+4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #gh4 ,:i*1 once set a go+1 cont9ue 9 ! same /eps3 i4e41 to go+4--,ib41 p4 #bhd4 ,^? :o cont5d = f\r p] c5t1 h set m5's m\?s a wat]+ = money3 i4e41 to wat]+4--,,locke3 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,an o!r falls a r++ a ,pesc5nius ,nig]3 i4e41 to r++4--,,addison3 ib4 ,at lea/ to set o!rs a ?9k+ ^u ! subject3 i4e41 to ?9k+4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cjj4 ,e "o t c\ld rea* x1 cut (f a piece1 & fell a eat+3 i4e41 to eat+4--,newspap]4 ,to g a mo!r+1#ach is to visit p>5ts on ,midl5t ,sunday4--,web/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,mo!r+4 ,:i* we may f9d :5 we come a fi%+ "h4--,wotton4 ,!y g a begg+ to a bankrupt's door4--,dryd54 ,a hunt+ ,*lo w5t4--,prior4 ,!y bur/ out a laugh+4--,m4 ,edgewor?4 ,9 ! la/ six s5t5ces1 a seems m suitable ?an any o!r preposition w\ld be3 all x ne$s1 is an acc5t to di/+ui% x f ! article2 z1 4 ,,obs4 #bd4--;,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray says1 ,to be a-seek+1 is ! relic ( ! ,saxon to be on or an seek+4 ,:at are y a-seek+8 is diff]5t f1 ,:at are y seek+8 ,x means m fully ! go+ on ) ! process4--,hi/4 ,europ4 ,lang11 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #adi4 ,i disapprove ( ! hyph5 9 su* t]ms z seek+1 because x conv]ts ! preposition & p>ticiple into ,i "k n :at2 & x may be obs]v$1 9 pass+1 t ! want ( x1 9 su* z ! go+ on1 leaves u a loose & que/ionable ^w1 :i*1 by ! conv]sion ( ! p>ticiple into a n\n1 becomes a nondescript 9 gramm>4 ,i diss5t also f ,dr4 ,murray1 conc]n+ ! use ( ! preposition or prefix a1 9 examples l t :i* he has "h *os54 ,aft] a neut] v]b1 ?is p>ticle is unnecess>y to ! s5se1 &1 ,i ?9k1 injuri\s to ! con/ruction4 ,except 9 poetry1 :i* is measur$ by syllables1 x may be omitt$ )\t any sub/itute2 z1 ,i am a walk+4--,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,a4 ,he _h "o only daught]1 & %e lay a dy+4--,luke1 viii1 #db4 ,9 ! days ( ,noah1 :ile ! ark 0 a prep>+4--#a ,pet41 iii1 #bj4 ,?\gh 8 unatt5tive ?\ghts be else:]e a w&]+4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #bhd4 ,say--be w&]+ else:]e2 & omit ! a1 9 all su* cases4 ,&--:5 he ?9ks1 good easy man1 full surely ,8 greatness is a rip5+--nips 8 root4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #be4--;,a has a peculi> signification1 d5ot+ ! proportion ( "o ?+ to an o!r4 ,?us we say1 ,! l&lord ha? a hundr$ a ye>2 ! %ip's crew ga9$ a ?\s& p\nds a man4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,aft] ! rate ( tw5ty leagues a day4--,addison4 ,& corn 0 at two se/]ces a bu%el4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #hb4 ,:e!r a 9 ?is con/ruction is ! article or ! preposition1 seems to be que/ionable4 ,m]*ants are v mu* 9 ! habit ( supply+ its place by ! ,lat9 preposition p]1 by2 z1 ,bo>d1 at #b p] week4--,pre/on's ,book-,keep+1 p4 #dd4 ,long lawn1 at #ab p] piece4--,dilwor?'s1 p4 #fc4 ,cotton1 at #bs4 #f;d4 p] p\nd4--,morrison's1 p4 #ge4 ,ex*ange1 at #ab;d4 p] livre4--,jackson's1 p4 #gc4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t an1 z well z a1 is us$ 9 ?is mann]2 z1 ,! price is "o doll> an ounce4 ,h5ce1 ,i ?9k1 we may inf]1 t ?is is n ! old preposition a1 b ! article an or a1 us$ 9 ! di/ributive s5se ( ea* or e1 & t ! n\n is gov]n$ by a preposition und]/ood2 z1 ,he dem&s a doll> an h\r2 i4 e41 a doll> = ea* h\r4--,he comes twice a ye>3 i4 e41 twice 9 e ye>4--,he s5t !m to ,lebanon1 t5 ?\s& a mon? by c\rses3 7#a ,k+s1 v1 #ad37 i4 e41 t5 ?\s&1 mon?ly2 or1 z our m]*ants say1 p] mon?4 ,"s gramm>ians h also rem>k$1 t1 ,9 m]cantile acc\nts1 we frequ5tly see a put = to1 9 a v odd sort ( way2 z1 ',six bales m>k$ #a a #f4' ,! m]*ant means1 'm>k$ f #a to #f4' ,?is is tak5 to be a relic ( ! ,norman ,fr5*1 :i* 0 once ! law & m]cantile language ( ,engl&2 =1 9 ,fr5*1 a1 ) an acc5t1 signifies to or at4--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,mod]n m]*ants1 9 /ead ( acc5t+ ! a1 commonly turn ! end ( x back2 z1 4 ,,obs4 #bf4--,sometimes a num]al ^w ) ! indef9ite article--z a few1 a great _m1 a doz51 a hundr$1 a ?\s&--d5otes an aggregate ( sev]al or _m tak5 collectively1 & yet is foll[$ by a plural n\n1 d5ot+ ! sort or species ( :i* ?is p>ticul> aggregate is a "p3 z1 ,a few small fi%es1--,a great _m mi/akes1--,a doz5 bottles ( w9e1--,a hundr$ light$ c&les1--,a ?\s& miles (f4 ,respect+ ! prop] mann] ( expla9+ ^! phrases1 gramm>ians diff] 9 op9ion4 ,t ! article relates n to ! plural n\n1 b to ! num]ical ^w only1 is v evid5t2 b :e!r1 9 ^! in/ances1 ! words few1 _m1 doz51 hundr$1 & ?\s&1 are to be call$ n\ns or adjectives1 is matt] ( dispute4 ,l[?1 ,murray1 & _m o!rs1 call !m adjectives1 & suppose a peculi>ity ( con/ruction 9 ! article2--l t ( ! s+ul> adjectives e & "o 9 ! phrases1 ,e t5 days1--,"o sev5 times m4--,dan41 iii1 #ai4 ,*ur*ill & o!rs call !m n\ns1 & suppose ! plurals :i* foll[1 to be always 9 ! objective case gov]n$ by (1 und]/ood3 z1 ,a few ( ye>s1--,a ?\s& ( doors2--l ! phrases1 ,a c\ple ( f[ls1--,a score ( fat bullocks4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bgi4 ,nei!r solution is free f difficulty4 ,= example3 ,!re are a great _m adjectives4--,dr4 ,adam4 ,n[1 if _m is "h a s+ul> nom9ative1 & ! only subject ( ! v]b1 :at %all we d ) are8 & if x is a plural adjective1 :at %all we d ) a & great8 ,tak5 9 ei!r ( ^! ways1 ! con/ruction is anomal\s4 ,"o c h>dly ?9k ! ^w adjectives to be "h 9 ! objective case1 because ! suppos$ ellipsis ( ! ^w ( _c be prov$2 & if _m is a n\n1 ! two words are p]haps 9 apposition1 9 ! nom9ative4 ,if ,i say1 ,a ?\s& m5 are on _! way1 ! m5 are ! ?\s&1 & ! ?\s& is no?+ b ! m52 s t ,i see n :y ! relation ( ! t]ms may n be t ( apposition4 ,b if au?orities are to decide ! "q1 d\btless we mu/ yield x to ^? :o suppose ! :ole num]al phrase to be tak5 adjectively2 z1 ,mo/ "y ,*ri/ians h1 9 ! c\rse ( half a doz5 ye>s1 "t to read a great _m pages4--,"y ,*ri/ian1 p4 #f4 ,= h>b\r at a ?\s& doors !y knock'd2 ,n "o ( all ! ?\s& b 0 lock'd4--,dryd54 ,,obs4 #bg4--,! num]al words consid]$ above1 seem to h be5 orig9ally adjectives1 & su* may be _! mo/ prop] con/ruction n[2 b all ( !m are susceptible ( be+ con/ru$ z n\ns1 ev5 if !y are n su* 9 ! examples :i* h be5 cit$4 ,doz51 or hundr$1 or ?\s&1 :5 tak5 ab/ractly1 is unque/ionably a n\n2 = we (t5 speak ( doz5s1 hundr$s1 & ?\s&s4 ,few & _m nev] assume ! plural =m1 because !y h naturally a plural signification2 & a few or a great _m is n a collection s def9ite t we c well conceive ( fews & manies2 b bo? are sometimes con/ru$ sub/antively1 ?\gh 9 mod]n ,engli%#aci x seems to be mo/ly by ellipsis ( ! n\n4 ,example3 ,! praise ( ! judici\s few is an ample comp5sation = ! neglect ( ! illit]ate _m4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bgh4 ,dr4 ,johnson says1 ! ^w _m is rem>kable 9 ,saxon = its frequ5t use4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! examples 9 :i* he calls x a sub/antive1 or n\n3 ,aft] him ! rascal _m ran4--,sp5s]4 ,o ?\ fond _m4--,%akspe>e4 ,a c>e-craz'd "m ( a _m *ildr54--,id4 ,& = ?y sake h ,i %$ _m a te>4--,id4 ,! vulg> & ! _m are fit only to be l$ or driv54--,s\?4 ,he is liable to a great _m inconv5i5ces e mom5t ( 8 life4--,tillotson4 ,see+ a great _m 9 ri* g[ns1 he 0 amaz$4--,addison4 ,!re p>t+ f ! k+1 ! *iefs divide1 ,& :eel+ ea/ & we/1 be=e _! _m ride4--,dryd54 ,,obs4 #bh4--,on ! pr9ciple "h laid d[n1 we may acc\nt = a peculi> use ( ! article ) ! adjective few1 & "s o!r dim9utives4 ,9 say+1 ',a few ( 8 adh]5ts rema9$ ) him2' we ins9uate1 t !y con/itut$ a numb] suffici5tly important to be =m$ into an aggregate3 :ile1 if ! article be omitt$1 z1 ',few ( 8 adh]5ts rema9$ ) him2' ?is implies1 t he 0 ne>ly des]t$1 by repres5t+ !m z individuals n wor? reckon+ up4 ,a simil> diff]5ce occurs betwe5 ! phrases3 ',he exhibit$ a little reg>d = 8 "*2' & ',he exhibit$ little reg>d = 8 "*4'--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bgi4 ,! ^w little1 9 its mo/ prop] con/ruction1 is an adjective1 signify+ small2 z1 ,he 0 little ( /ature4--,luke4 ,is x n a little "o8--,g5esis4 ,& 9 s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 x is also reckon$ an adjective1 ?\gh ! article seems to relate to x1 r ?an to ! subsequ5t n\n2 or p]haps x may be tak5 z relat+ to !m bo?3 ,yet a little sleep1 a little slumb]1 a little fold+ ( ! h&s to sleep4--,prov41 vi1 #aj2 xxiv1 #cc4 ,b by a common ellipsis1 x is us$ z a n\n1 bo? ) & )\t ! article2 z1 ,a little t a righte\s man ha?1 is bett] ?an ! ri*es ( _m wick$4--,psalms1 xxxvii1 #af4 ,bett] is little ) ! fe> ( ! ,"l1 ?an great treasure & tr\ble !re)4--,prov41 xv1 #af4 ,he t despise? little ?+s1 %all p]i% by little & little4--,ecclesia/icus4 ,x is also us$ adv]bially1 bo? alone & ) ! article a2 z1 ,! poor sleep little4--,otway4 ,?\gh !y are a little a/r+5t4--,arbu?not4 ,:5 he _h gone a little f>!r !nce4--,m>k1 i1 #ai4 ,let u v>y ! phrase 9 a v little degree4--,kames1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #afc4 ,,obs4 #bi4--;,z x is ! nature ( ! articles to limit ! signification ( a ^w1 !y are applicable only to words express+ ideas capable ( be+ individualiz$1 or conceiv$ ( z s+le ?+s or acts2 & n\ns imply+ a g5]al /ate1 condition1 or habit1 mu/ be us$ )\t ! article4 ,x is n vaguely !re=e1 b on fix$ pr9ciples1 t ! article is omitt$1 or ins]t$1 9 su* phrases z ! foll[+3 '9 t]ror1 9 fe>1 9 dread1 9 ha/e1 9 sickness1 9 pa91 9 tr\ble2 9 a fright1 9 a hurry1 9 a consumption2 ! pa9 ( 8 w\nd 0 great2 h] son's dissipat$ life 0 a great tr\ble to h]4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,,obs4 #cj4--,?\gh !1 an1 & a1 are ! only articles 9 our language1 !y are f> f be+ ! only def9itives4 ,h5ce1 :ile "s h object$ to ! peculi> di/9ction be/[$ ^u ^! little words1 firmly insi/+ on ?r[+ !m 9 among ! common mass ( adjectives2 o!rs h taught1 t ! def9itive adjectives--,i "k n h[ _m--su* z1 ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?1 any1 o!r1 "s1 all1 bo?1 ea*1 e1 ei!r1 nei!r--are mu* m prop]ly articles ?an any ?+ else4--,h]mes1 p4 #bcd4 ,b1 9 spite ( ?is op9ion1 x has someh[ happ5$1 t ^! def9itive adjectives h v g5]ally1 & v absurdly1 acquir$ ! "n ( pron\ns4 ,h5ce1 we f9d ,boo?1 :o c]ta9ly excell$ mo/ o!r gramm>ians 9 le>n+ & acut5ess1 m>vell+ t ! articles 7 ev] sep>at$ f ! class ( pron\ns4 ,to all ?is ,i reply1 t !1 an1 & a1 are wor?y to be di/+ui%$ z ! only articles1 because !y are n only us$ ) mu* great] frequ5cy ?an any o!r def9itives1 b are specially re/rict$ to ! limit+ ( ! signification ( n\ns4 ,:]eas ! o!r def9itives above m5tion$ are v (t5 us$ to supply ! place ( _! n\ns2 t is1 to repres5t !m und]/ood4 ,=1 9 g5]al1 x is only by ellipsis ( ! n\n aft] x1 & n z ! repres5tative ( a n\n go+ be=e1 t any "o ( ^! words assumes ! appe>ance ( a pron\n4 ,h5ce1 !y are n pron\ns1 b adjectives4 ,nor are !y m prop]ly articles ?an any ?+ else2 =1 if ! ess5ce ( an article be to def9e & asc]ta9 ! mean+ ( a n\n1 ?is v conception ( ! ?+ necess>ily supposes ! n\n to be us$ ) x4 ,,obs4 #ca4--,! foll[+ example1 or explanation1 may %[ :at is meant by def9itives4 ,let ! g5]al t]m be man1 ! plural ( :i* is m53 ,a man--"o unkn[n or indef9ite2 ,! man--"o kn[n or p>ticul>2 ,! m5--"s p>ticul> ones2 ,any man--"o indef9itely2 ,a c]ta9 man--"o def9itely2 ,?is man--"o ne>2 ,t man--"o di/ant2 ,^! m5--sev]al ne>2 ,^? m5--sev]al di/ant2 ,su* a man--"o l "s o!r2 ,su* m5--"s l o!rs2 ,_m a man--a multitude tak5 s+ly2 ,_m m5--an indef9ite multitude tak5 plurally2 ,a ?\s& m5--a def9ite multitude2 ,e man--all or ea* )\t exception2 ,ea* man--bo? or all tak5 sep>ately2 ,"s man--"o1 z oppos$ to none2 ,"s m5--an indef9ite numb] or "p2 ,all m5--! :ole tak5 plurally2 ,no m5--none ( ! sex2 ,no man--nev] "o ( ! race4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,ii--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,second ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & to expla9 ! ,,articles z def9ite or indef9ite4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,second ,praxis1 are two = an article1 & "o = a n\n1 an adjective1 a pron\n1 a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adv]b1 a conjunction1 a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,! task ( a s*oolma/] labori\sly prompt+ & urg+ an indol5t class1 is worse ?an 8 :o drives lazy horses along a s&y road4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,task is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,a is ! indef9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! indef9ite article is an or a1 :i* d5otes "o ?+ ( a k9d1 b n any p>ticul> "o4 ,s*oolma/] is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,labori\sly is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,prompt+ is a p>ticiple4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 ,& is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,urg+ is a p>ticiple4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 ,an is ! indef9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! indef9ite article is an or a1 :i* d5otes "o ?+ ( a k9d1 b n any p>ticul> "o4 ,indol5t is an adjective4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 ,class is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,is is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,worse is an adjective4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 ,?an is a conjunction4 #a1 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,he is a pron\n4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 ,:o is a pron\n4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 ,drives is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,lazy is an adjective4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 ,horses is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,along is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,a is ! indef9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! indef9ite article is an or a1 :i* d5otes "o ?+ ( a k9d1 b n any p>ticul> "o4 ,s&y is an adjective4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 ,road is a n\n4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,! ,hon\rable1 ! ,corporation ( ! city1 grant$ ! use ( ! common c\ncil *amb]1 = hold+ ! ,conv5tion2 g5]\sly add+ ! privilege ( occupy+ ! rotunda1 or ! new c\rt-room1 if ei!r w\ld bett] suit ! wi%es ( ! committee4--,j\rnal ( ,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahcj4 ,:5 ! :ole is put = a "p1 or a "p = ! :ole2 ! g5us = a species1 or a species = ! g5us2 ! s+ul> numb] = ! plural1 or ! plural = ! s+ul>2 &1 9 g5]al1 :5 any ?+ less1 or any ?+ m1 is put = ! precise object meant2 ! figure is call$ a ,synecdo*e4--,see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ada4 ,! tru? is1 a repres5tative1 z an individual1 is on a foot+ ) o!r p2 b1 z a repres5tative ( a ,/ate1 he is inve/$ ) a %>e ( ! sov]eign au?ority1 & is s f> a gov]nor ( ! p4--,see ,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ej4 ,k is ! fruit ( m5tal lab\r--! food & ! fea/ ( ! m9d4 ,9 ! pursuit ( k1 ! great] ! excell5ce ( ! subject ( inquiry1 ! deep] ought to be ! int]e/1 ! m ard5t ! inve/igation1 & ! de>] to ! m9d ! acquisition ( ! tru?4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #ae4 ,can/ ?\1 ,o p>tial ,sleep6 give ?y repose ,to ! wet seaboy 9 an h\r s rude8--,%akspe>e4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,e family has a ma/]2 7or a mi/ress--,i beg ! ladies' p>don27 a %ip has a ma/]2 :5 a h\se is to be built1 !re is a ma/]2 :5 ! highways are repair+1 !re is a ma/]2 e little s*ool has a ma/]3 ! cont95t is a great s*ool2 ! boys are num]\s1 & full ( rogui% tricks2 & !re is no ma/]4 ,! boys 9 ?is great s*ool play truant1 & !re is no p]son to *a/ise !m4--,see ,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #abh4 ,a man :o purposely ru%es d[n a precipice & breaks 8 arm1 has no "r to say1 t surgeons are an evil 9 society4 ,a legislature may unju/ly limit ! surgeon's fee2 b ! brok5 arm mu/ be heal$1 & a surgeon is ! only man to re/ore x4--,see ib41 p4 #ace4 ,b :at new sympa?ies sprung up imm$iately :]e ! gospel prevail$6 ,x 0 made ! duty ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian community to provide = ! /rang]1 ! poor1 ! sick1 ! ag$1 ! wid[1 & ! orphan4--,m',ilva9e's ,evi41 p4 #djh4 ,9 ! ,engli% language1 ! same ^w is (t5 employ$ bo? z a n\n & z a v]b2 & sometimes z an adjective1 & ev5 z an adv]b & a preposition also4 ,( ?is1 r\nd is an example4--,see ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,! old oak5 bucket1 ! iron-b\nd bucket1 ,! moss-cov]$ bucket1 arose f ! well4--,woodwor?4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,mo/ ( ! objects 9 a natural l&scape are beautiful1 & "s ( !m are gr&3 a fl[+ riv]1 a spread+ oak1 a r\nd hill1 an ext5d$ pla91 are delightful2 & ev5 a rugg$ rock1 & a b>r5 hea?1 ?\gh 9 !mselves disagreeable1 contribute by contra/ to ! beauty ( ! :ole4--,see ,kames's ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ahe4 ,an animal body is /ill m admirable1 9 ! disposition ( its sev]al p>ts1 & 9 _! ord] & symmetry3 !re is n a bone1 a muscle1 a blood-vessel1 a n]ve1 t ha? n "o correspond+ to x on ! opposite side2 & ! same ord] is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! mo/ m9ute p>ts4--,see ib41 i1 #bga4 ,! con/itu5t p>ts ( a plant1 ! roots1 ! /em1 ! bran*es1 ! leaves1 ! fruit1 are really diff]5t sy/ems1 unit$ by a mutual dep5d5ce on ea* o!r4--,ib41 i1 #bgb4 ,) respect to ! =m ( ?is ornam5t1 ,i obs]ve1 t a circle is a m agreeable figure ?an a squ>e1 a globe ?an a cube1 & a cyl9d] ?an a p>allelopip$on4 ,a column is a m agreeable figure ?an a pila/]2 &1 = t reason1 x ought to be pref]r$1 all o!r circum/ances be+ equal4 ,an o!r reason concurs1 t a column connect$ ) a wall1 :i* is a pla9 surface1 makes a great] v>iety ?an a pila/]4--,see ib41 ii1 #ceb4 ,b ah6 :at myriads claim ! b5d$ knee6 ,g1 c\nt ! busy drops t swell ! sea4--,rog]s4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,respect+ ,,articles4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,adapt ,,! ,,articles4 ,hon\r is an useful di/9ction 9 life4--,milnes's ,greek ,gramm>1 p4 vii4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! article an is us$ be=e useful1 :i* beg9s ) ! s\nd ( yu4 ,b1 accord+ to a pr9ciple express$ on page #bbe?1 ,a is to be us$ :5ev] ! foll[+ ^w beg9s ) a consonant s\nd4 ,!re=e1 an %\ld "h be *ang$ to a2 ?us1 ,hon\r is a useful di/9ction 9 life4 ,no writ]1 !re=e1 ought to fom5t an hum\r ( innovation4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ee4 ,conjunctions require a situation betwe5 ! ?+s ( :i* !y =m an union4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,no?+ is m easy ?an to mi/ake an u = an a4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 i1 #acj4 ,f mak+ s ill an use ( our innoc5t expressions4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,to grant !e an heav5ly & incorruptible cr[n ( glory4--,sewel's ,hi/41 ,d$41 p4 iv4 ,x 9 no wise foll[s1 t su* an "o 0 able to pr$ict4--,ib41 p4 viii4 ,) an h>mless pati5ce !y h borne mo/ heavy oppressions1--,ib41 p4 x4 ,my att5dance 0 to make me an happi] man4--,spect41 ,no4 #dhj4 ,on ! wond]ful nature ( an human m9d4--,ib41 #eed4 ,i h got an hussy ( a maid1 :o is mo/ craftily giv5 to ?is4--,ib41 ,no4 #ecd4 ,argus is said to h _h an hundr$ eyes1 "s ( :i* 7 always awake4--,classic ,/ories1 p4 #adh4 ,c5tip$1 an hundr$ feet2 c5t5nial1 consi/+ ( a hundr$ ye>s4--,t[n's ,analysis1 p4 #ai4 ,no good man1 he ?\ght1 c\ld be an h]etic4--,gilp9's ,lives1 p4 #gb4 ,z1 a ,*ri/ian1 an infidel1 an hea!n4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,( two or m words1 usually jo9$ by an hyph54--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,we may consid] ! :ole space ( an hundr$ ye>s z "t pres5t4--,,beattie3 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,9 gu>d+ aga9/ su* an use ( meats & dr9ks4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ach4 ,wor%ip is an homage due f man to 8 ,creator4--,annual ,monitor = #ahcf4 ,!n1 an eulogium on ! deceas$ 0 pron\nc$4--,grim%aw's ,u4 ,s41 p4 #ib4 ,b = ,adam !re 0 n f\nd an help meet = him4--,g541 ii1 #bj4 ,my days are consum$ l smoke1 & my bones are burn$ z an he>?4--,psalms1 cii1 #c4 ,a =eign] & an hir$ s]vant %all n eat !re(--,exod41 xii1 #de4 ,! hill ( ,god is z ! hill ( ,ba%an2 an high hill1 z ! hill ( ,ba%an4--,psalms1 lxviii1 #ae4 ,b ,i d decl>e x to h be5 an holy (f]+1 & su* an "o too z 0 to be once = all4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,an hope t does n make a%am$ ^? t h x4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ae4 ,:]e !re is n an unity1 we may ex]cise true *>ity4--,ib41 i1 #if4 ,tell me1 if 9 any ( ^! su* an union c be f\nd8--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #af4 ,su* holy drops h] tresses /eep$1 ,?\gh 'twas an h]o's eye t weep$4--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,ins]t ,,articles4 ,?is veil ( fle% p>ts ! visible & invisible _w4--,%]lock4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! article ! is omitt$ be=e invisible1 :]e ! s5se requires x4 ,b1 accord+ to a sugge/ion on page #bbe?1 ,articles %\ld be ins]t$ z (t5 z ! s5se requires !m4 ,!re=e1 ! %\ld be "h suppli$2 ?us1 ,?is veil ( fle% p>ts ! visible & ! invisible _w4 ,! copulative & disjunctive conjunctions op]ate diff]5tly on ! v]b4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bhf4 ,e comb9ation ( a preposition & article ) ! n\n4--,ib41 i1 #dd4 ,ei!r signifies1 '! "o or ! o!r2' nei!r imports n ei!r1 t is1 'n "o nor ! o!r4'--,ib41 i1 #ef4 ,a n\n ( multitude may h a pron\n1 or v]b1 agree+ ) x1 ei!r ( ! s+ul> or plural numb]4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,copulative conjunctions are1 pr9cipally1 &1 z1 bo?1 because1 =1 if1 t1 !n1 s9ce1 c4--,see ib41 #bh4 ,! two real g5d]s are ! mascul9e & fem99e4--,ib41 #cd4 ,9 :i* a mute & liquid are repres5t$ by ! same "*1 ?4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dha4 ,!y said1 ,john ,bapti/ ha? s5t u unto !e4--,luke1 vii1 #bj4 ,!y inde$ rememb] ! names ( abundance ( places4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgd4 ,:i* creat$ a great dispute betwe5 ! "y & old m54--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #abg4 ,!n %all be read ! ,apo/les' or ,nic5e ,cre$4--,com4 ,pray]1 p4 #aai4 ,! rules conc]n+ ! p]fect t5ses & sup9es ( v]bs are ,lily's4--,k+ ,h5ry's ,gram41 p4 iv4 ,x 0 read by ! high & ! l[1 ! le>n$ & illit]ate4--,johnson's ,life ( ,swift4 ,mo/ commonly1 bo? ! pron\n & v]b are und]/ood4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 viii4 ,to signify ! ?ick & sl5d] enunciation ( tone4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alph41 p4 #i4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a palatial & guttural aspirate is v small4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,leav+ x to wav] betwe5 ! figurative & lit]al s5se4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aed4 ,:atev] v]b w n admit ( bo? an active & passive signification4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,! is (t5 set be=e adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative or sup]lative degree4--,ib41 p4 #ae2 ,kirkham's ,gram41 #ff4 ,le/ any %\ld fe> ! effect ( su* a *ange ^u ! pres5t or succe$+ age ( writ]s4--,f[le's ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,9 all ^! measures1 ! acc5ts are to be plac$ on ev5 syllables2 & e l9e is1 9 g5]al1 m melodi\s1 z ?is rule is m /rictly obs]v$4--,l4 ,murray's ,octavo ,gram1 p4 #bef2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #cjg4 ,h[ _m numb]s d n\ns appe> to h8 ,two1 ! s+ul> & plural4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,h[ _m p]sons8 ,?ree p]sons--! fir/1 second1 & ?ird4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,h[ _m cases8 ,?ree--! nom9ative1 possessive & objective4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,ah6 :at avails x me1 ! flocks to keep1 ,:o lo/ my he>t :ile ,i pres]v'd %eep4 ,,pope',s ,,works3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vi1 p4 #cji3 ,lond41 #ahjj4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,omit ,,articles4 ,! negroes are all ! desc5dants ( ,africans4--,morse's ,geog4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! article ! be=e desc5dants1 is useless to ! con/ruction1 & injuri\s to ! s5se4 ,b1 accord+ to a pr9ciple on page #bbe?1 ,ne$less articles %\ld be omitt$2 !y seldom fail to p]v]t ! s5se4 ,!re=e1 ! %\ld be "h omitt$2 ?us1 ,! negroes are all desc5dants ( ,africans4 ,a ,syb>ite 0 appli$ z a t]m ( reproa* to a man ( dissolute mann]s4--,morse's ,anci5t ,geog41 p4 #d4 ,! orig9al signification ( knave 0 a boy4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell41 p4 #acf4 ,! mean+ ( ^! w be expla9$1 = ! great] cle>ness & precision4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,:at ,sort ( a ,n\n is ,man8 ,a ,n\n ,sub/antive common4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,is :at ev] us$ z ?ree k9ds ( a pron\n8--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,!y delight$ 9 ! hav+ done x1 z well z 9 ! do+ ( x4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cdd4 ,bo? ! p>ts ( ?is rule are exemplifi$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agd4 ,he has taught !m to hope = ano!r & a bett] _w4--,s4 ,l4 ,knapp4 ,x 0 itself only prep>atory to a future1 a bett]1 & p]fect revelation4--,kei?'s ,evid41 p4 #bc4 ,es !n makes ano!r & a di/9ct syllable4-- ,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,! et]nal clam\rs ( a selfi% & a facti\s p4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 i1 #gd4 ,to ^? ^: ta/e 9 ,elocution is b a little cultivat$4--,kirkham's ,eloc41 p4 #fe4 ,!y consid]$ !y _h b a ,sort ( a ,g\rd to rejoice 94--,b5net's ,memorial1 p4 #ccc4 ,n[ !re 0 b "o only su* a b\gh1 9 a spaci\s & %ady grove4--,bacon's ,wisdom1 p4 #ge4 ,n[ ! absurdity ( ?is latt] supposition w g a great way t[>ds ! mak+ a man easy4--,colli]'s ,anton9us p4 #aca4 ,?is is true ( ! ma!matics1 :]e ! ta/e has b little to d4--,todd's ,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #cca4 ,to /& prompt] to a paus+1 yet a ready compreh5sion4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #bea4 ,su* an ob$i5ce z ! yok$ & ! tortur$ negro is compell$ to yield to ! :ip ( ! ov]se]4--,*alm]s's ,s]m41 p4 #ij4 ,= ! gratification ( a mom5t>y & an unholy desire4--,wayl&'s ,mor4 ,sci41 p4 #bhh4 ,! body is sl5d]ly put toge!r2 ! m9d a rambl+ sort ( a ?+4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #bf4 ,! only nom9ative to ! v]b1 is1 ! (fic]4--,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #bb4 ,& ?\gh 9 ! g5]al x ought to be admitt$1 c4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgf4 ,philosophical writ+ admits ( a poli%$1 a neat1 & elegant /yle4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,b not)/&+ ?is defect1 ,?omson is a /rong & a beautiful describ]4--,ib41 p4 #dje4 ,s %\ld he be sure to be ransom$1 & a _m poor m5's lives sav$4--,,%ak43 ,h54 v4 ,:o felt ! wrong1 or fe>'d x1 took ! al>m1 ,appeal'd to ,law1 & ,ju/ice l5t h] arm4--,pope1 p4 #djf4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,*ange ,,articles4 ,to enable u to avoid ! too frequ5t repetition ( ! same ^w4--,bucke's ,gr41 p1 #eb4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! article ! is us$ to limit ! mean+ ( repetition1 or too frequ5t repetition1 :]e a w\ld bett] suit ! s5se4 ,b1 accord+ to a pr9ciple on page #bbe?1 ,! articles c seldom be put "o = ! o!r1 )\t gross impropriety2 & ei!r is ( c\rse to be pref]r$ to ! o!r1 z x bett] suits ! s5se4 ,!re=e1 ! %\ld be a1 :i*1 9 ?is in/ance1 ought to be plac$ aft] ! adjective2 ?us1 ,to enable u to avoid too frequ5t a repetition ( ! same ^w4 ,! =m] is commonly acquir$ 9 ! ?ird "p ( ! "t4--,burn's ,gram41 p4 xi4 ,sometimes ! adjective becomes a sub/antive1 & has ano!r adjective jo9$ to x3 z1 ',! *ief good4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #afi4 ,an articulate s\nd is ! s\nd ( ! human voice1 =m$ by ! organs ( spee*4--,ib41 i1 #b2 ,l[?'s ,gram41 #b2 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 #e4 ,t5se is ! di/9ction ( "t3 !re are six t5ses4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,9 ?is case1 ! ellipsis ( ! la/ article w\ld be improp]4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #bah4 ,contra/ has always ! effect to make ea* ( ! contra/$ objects appe> 9 ! /rong] light4--,ib41 i1 #cdi2 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afg4 ,^! rem>ks may s]ve to %ew ! great importance ( ! prop] use ( ! article4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ab2 ,murray's1 i1 #aga4 ',ar*bi%op ,tillotson1' says an au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 'di$ 9 ?is ye>4'--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajg4 ,pron\ns are us$ in/ead ( sub/antives1 to prev5t ! too frequ5t repetition ( !m4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,t1 z a relative1 seems to be introduc$ to save ! too frequ5t repetition ( :o & :i*4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n to avoid ! too frequ5t repetition ( ! same ^w4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #bh4 ,t is (t5 us$ z a relative1 to prev5t ! too frequ5t repetition ( :o & :i*4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aji2 ,l4 ,murray's1 i1 #ec2 ,hiley's1 #hd4 ,8 knees smote "o aga9/ an o!r4--,logan's ,s]mons4 ,!y /& n[ on "o foot1 !n on ano!r4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bei4 ,! ,"l wat* betwe5 me & !e1 :5 we are abs5t "o f ano!r4--,g541 xxxi1 #di4 ,"s h enum]at$ t5 p>ts ( spee*1 mak+ a p>ticiple a di/9ct "p4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram1 i1 p4 #bi4 ,nemesis rides ^u an ,h>t1 because a ,h>t 0 a mo/ lively ,creature4--,bacon's ,wisdom1 p4 #ej4 ,! transition ( ! voice f "o v[el ( ! diph?ong to ano!r4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,s difficult x is to sep>ate ^! two ?+s f "o ano!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ib4 ,)\t ! mat]ial brea* ( any rule4--,ib41 p4 #aja4 ,! great s\rce ( a loose /yle1 9 opposition to precision1 is ! injudici\s use ( ^? words t]m$ synonym\s4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,! great s\rce ( a loose /yle1 9 opposition to precision1 is ! injudici\s use ( ! words t]m$ synonym\s4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #cjb4 ,sometimes "o article is improp]ly us$ = ano!r4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aig4 ,satire ( s5se1 alas6 c ,sporus feel8 ,:o breaks a butt]fly ^u a :eel8--,pope1 p4 #cif4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,he ha? no delight 9 ! /r5g? ( an horse4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #caa4 ,! head ( x w\ld be an univ]sal mon>*4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ih4 ,"h !y conf\nd ! mat]ial & =mal object ( fai?4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #eg4 ,! ,iri% & ,scoti% ,celtic are "o language2 ! ,wel%1 ,corni%1 & ,armorican1 are ano!r4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #caf4 ,9 an uni=m & p]spicu\s mann]4--,ib41 i1 #di4 ,,scripture1 n4 ,appropriately1 & by way ( di/9ction1 ! books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t2 ! ,bible4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,9 two sep>ate volumes1 entitl$ ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts4--,wayl&'s ,mor4 ,sci41 p4 #aci4 ,! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t conta9 a revelation4--,ib4 ,q has ev] an u aft] x2 :i* is n s\nd$ 9 words d]iv$ f ! ,fr5*4--,wilson's ,essay1 p4 #cb4 ,:at %\ld we say ( su* an "o8 ,t he is reg5]ate8 ,no4--,hopk9s's ,prim4 ,*41 p4 #bb4 ,"s gramm>ians subdivide v[els into ! simple & ! comp\nd4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #h4 ,emphasis has be5 fur!r di/+ui%$ into ! weak] & /rong] emphasis4--,ib41 i1 #bdd4 ,emphasis has also be5 divid$ into sup]ior & ! inf]ior emphasis4--,ib41 i1 #bde1 ,pron\ns mu/ agree ) _! antec$5ts1 or n\ns :i* !y repres5t1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 pp4 #hf1 #aaa1 & #acj4 ,! adv]b :]e1 is (t5 improp]ly us$1 = ! relative pron\n & preposition4--,ib41 #id4 ,! t]m9ation i% imports dim9ution1 or less5+ ! quality4--,ib41 #gi4 ,9 ?is tra9 all _! v]ses proce$3 ! "o half ( ! l9e always answ]+ to ! o!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #chd4 ,to an height ( prosp]ity & glory1 unkn[n to any =m] age4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #ceb4 ,,hwilc1 :o1 :i*1 su* z1 su* an "o1 is decl9$ z foll[s4--,gwilt's ,saxon ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,:5 a v[el prec$es y1 an s only is requir$ to =m a plural4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,he is ask$ :at sort ( a ^w ea* is1 :e!r a primitive1 d]ivative1 or comp\nd4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 vii4 ,x is obvi\s1 t nei!r ! #b;d1 #c;d1 nor #d? *apt] ( ,mat!w is ! fir/2 consequ5tly1 !re are n f\r fir/ *apt]s4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cjf4 ,"s ?\ght1 :i* a writ] wants art to introduce 9 its prop] place4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aji4 ,groves & mead[s are mo/ pleas+ 9 ! spr+4--,ib41 p4 #bjg4 ,! conflict betwe5 ! c>nal & spiritual m9d1 is (t5 long4--,gurney's ,port4 ,ev41 p4 #adf4 ,a ,philosophical ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 ( our ,ideas ( ! ,sublime & ,beautiful4--,burke's ,title-page4 ,sil5ce1 my muse6 make n ^! jewels *eap1 ,expos+ to ! _w too l>ge an heap4--,wall]1 p4 #aac4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,n\ns4 ,a ,n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$3 z1 ,george1 ,york1 man1 apple1 tru?4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,all words & signs tak5 te*nically1 7t is1 indep5d5tly ( _! mean+1 & m]ely z ?+s spok5 (17 are n\ns2 or1 r1 are ?+s read & con/ru$ z n\ns2 because1 9 su* a use1 !y tempor>ily assume ! syntax ( n\ns3 z1 ,= ?is reason1 ,i pref] contempor>y to cotempor>y4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #age2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #cfh4 ,i & ,j 7 =m]ly express$ by ! same "*2 z 7 ,u & ,v4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,u is a p]sonal pron\n4--,murray4 ,? has two s\nds4--,ib4 ,! 's _c be a contraction ( 81 because 's is put to female fem99e n\ns2 z1 ,woman's beauty1 ! ,virg9's delicacy4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram4 ,_! & !irs are ! possessives likewise ( !y1 :5 !y is ! plural ( x4--,ib4 ,let ,b be a n[ or in/ant4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ajc4 ,9 su* case1 ,i say t ! in/ant ,b is ! end ( ! "t ,a ,b4--,ib41 #ajc4 ,a is sometimes a n\n3 z1 a great ,a4--,todd's ,johnson4 ,=m]ly sp 0 ca/ 9 a piece1 z /'s are n[4--,hi/4 ( ,pr9t+1 #aggj4 ,i write to o!rs ?an he w p]haps include 9 8 we4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #dee4 ,"h are no few] ?an eight &s 9 "o s5t5ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aab2 ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cai4 ,)9 ?is wood5 ,o2 i4 e41 circle4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 p>s+1 ! le>n] mu/ obs]ve ! s5se & use ( ea* ^w1 & class x accord+ly4 ,_m words commonly belong+ to o!r p>ts ( spee* are occasionally us$ z n\ns2 &1 s9ce x is ! mann] ( its use1 t det]m9es any ^w to be ( "o "p ( spee* r ?an ( an o!r1 :atev] ^w is us$ directly z a n\n1 mu/ ( c\rse be p>s$ z su*4 #a4 ,adjectives made n\ns3 ,! ,anci5t ( days did sit4--,bible4 ,( ! anci5ts4--,swift4 ,= su* imp]t95ts4--,/eele4 ,he is an ignorant 9 x4--,id4 ,9 ! luxuriance ( an unb\nd$ picturesque4--,jamieson4 ,a s\rce ( ! sublime2 i4 e41 ( sublimity4--,burke4 ,! va/ imm5se ( space3 i4 e41 imm5sity4--,murray4 ,!re is none 8 l4--,job1 xli1 #cc4 ,a little m ?an a little1 is by mu* too mu*4--,%akspe>e4 ,& gladly make mu* ( t ent]ta9m5t4--,sidney4 ,a covet\s man makes ! mo/ ( :at he has4--,l',e/range4 ,x has done en\gh = me4--,pope4 ,he _h en\gh to d4--,bacon4 ,all )]s "h2 :o mo/ possess1 are los]s by _! ga91 ,/ung by full pro(1 t bad at be/1 life's idle all is va94 --,"y4 ,nor grudge ,i !e ! mu* ! ,grecians give1 ,nor murm'r+ take ! little ,i receive4 --,dryd54 #b4 ,pron\ns made n\ns3 ,a love ( see+ ! :at & h[ ( all ab\t him4--,,/ory',s ,,life ,,( ,,flaxman3 ,pione]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #acc4 ,! nameless ,,he1 ^: nod is ,nature's bir?4--,"y1 ,night iv4 ,i 0 wont to load my %e ) knacks4--,%ak4 ,w9t]'s ,tale4 ,or any he1 ! pr\de/ ( ?y sort4--,%ak4 ,i am ! happie/ %e 9 ,k5t4--,/eele4 ,! %es ( ,italy4--,%ak4 ,! hes 9 birds4--,bacon4 ,we %\ld soon h z _m hes & %es z ! ,fr5*4--,cobbet's ,e4 ,gram41 ,p>a4 #db4 ,if1 = in/ance1 we call a nation a %e1 or ! sun a he4--,ib41 ,p>a4 #aih4 ,:5 ,i see _m its 9 a page1 ,i always tremble = ! writ]4--,ib41 ,p>a4 #aif4 ,let ^? two que/ion>y petition]s try to d ?is ) _! :os & _! :i*es4--,,spect3 ,a%'s ,gr41 p4 #aca4 ,su* mortal drugs ,i h2 b ,mantua's law ,is dea? to any he t utt]s !m4--,%ak4 #c4 ,v]bs made n\ns3 ,avaunt all attitude1 & />e1 & />t !atric4--,c[p]4 ,a may-be ( m]cy is suffici5t4--,bridge4 ,:i* cuts are reckon$ among ! fractures4--,wiseman4 ,! (fic] err$ 9 grant+ a p]mit4--,feel d>ts & *>ms1 attracts & flames4--,hudibras4 ,y may "k by ! fall+ (f ( ! come1 or spr\t4--,mortim]4 ,& ?\ ha/ talk'd ( sallies & retires4--,%ak4 ,= all t else did come1 7 sure to fail2 ,yet w\ld he fur!r none1 b = avail4--,sp5s]4 #d4 ,p>ticiples made n\ns3 ,= ! produc+ ( real happ9ess4--,crabb4 ,= ! cry+ ( ! poor & ! sigh+ ( ! ne$y1 ,i w arise4--,bible4 ,surely ! *urn+ ( milk br+e? =? butt]1 & ! wr++ ( ! nose br+e? =? blood2 s ! =c+ ( wra? br+e? =? /rife4--,prov41 xxx1 #cc4 ,read+1 writ+1 & ciph]+1 are indisp5sable to civiliz$ man4--,h5ce 0 inv5t$ ! di/9ction betwe5 do+ & p]mitt+4--,calv9's ,in/41 p4 #aca4 ,k ( ! pa/ comes next4--,h]mes1 p4 #aac4 ,i am my belov$'s1 & 8 desire is t[>d me4--,sol4 ,song1 vii1 #aj4 ,"h's--a simple com+-9 = "o man4--,%ak4 ,:at are ?y r5ts8 ,:at are ?y com+s-98 ,o ,c]emony1 %[ me b ?y wor?4--,id4 #e4 ,adv]bs made n\ns3 ,9 ^! cases we exam9e ! :y1 ! :at1 & ! h[ ( ?+s4--,l',e/range4 ,if a po9t or n[ 7 ext5d$1 ea* ( !m w\ld conta9 )9 itself inf9ite o!r po9ts or n[s4--,h]mes1 p4 #aja4 ,! :y is pla9 z way to p>i% *ur*4--,%ak4 ',tis ,heav5 itself t po9ts out an h]eaft]4--,addison4 ,! dread ( a h]eaft]4--,full]4 ,! murmur ( ! deep am54--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,= _! :]eab\ts lie? 9 a my/]y4--,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #ad4 ,bett]3 ,_! :]eab\t lie?1 or1 ,_! :]eab\ts lie1 c4 ,bid !m f>ewell1 ,cordelia1 ?\gh unk9d2 ,?\ lose/ "h1 a bett] :]e to f9d4--,%ak4 #f4 ,conjunctions made n\ns3 ,! if1 :i* is "h employ$1 conv]ts ! s5t5ce into a supposition4--,blair's ,rhet4 ,y\r if is ! only peacemak]2 mu* virtue is 9 if4--,%ak4 ,s 8 ,lord%ip decre$ ) a grave solemn tone1 ,decisive & cle>1 )\t "o if or b-- ,t :5ev] ! ,nose put 8 spectacles on1 ,by daylight or c&lelight--,eyes %\ld be %ut4--,c[p]4 #g4 ,prepositions made n\ns3 ,o1 n l me2 = m9e's beyond beyond4--,%akspe>e3 ,cymb41 iii1 #b4 ,i4 e41 h] long+ is fur!r ?an beyond2 beyond any ?+ t desire c be said to be beyond4--,s+]'s ,notes4 ,y :irl$ !m to ! back ( beyont to look at ! auld ,roman camp4--,antiqu>y1 i4 #cg4 #h4 ,int]jections or phrases made n\ns3 ,come away f all ! lo-h]es6 & lo-!res6--,s]mon4 ,w cuts him %ort ) a ',:at !n8'--,addison4 ,) h>k & :oop1 & wild halloo4--,scott4 ,& made a pi% at *ance & suff]ance4--,%ak4 ,a s+le look m m>ks ?' int]nal wo1 ,?an all ! w9d+s ( ! l5g!n'd oh4--,lloyd4 ,,classes4 ,n\ns are divid$ into two g5]al classes2 prop] & common4 ,i4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> individual1 or p1 or gr\p2 z1 ,adam1 ,bo/on1 ! ,hudson1 ! ,romans1 ! ,azores1 ! ,alps4 ,,ii4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s2 z1 ,bea/1 bird1 fi%1 insect1--creatures1 p]sons1 *ildr54 ,! p>ticul> classes1 collective1 ab/ract1 & v]bal1 or p>ticipial1 are usually includ$ among common n\ns4 ,! "n ( a ?+ sui g5]is is also call$ common4 #a4 ,a collective n\n1 or n\n ( multitude1 is ! "n ( _m individuals toge!r2 z1 ,c\ncil1 meet+1 committee1 flock4 #b4 ,an ab/ract n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> quality consid]$ ap>t f its sub/ance2 z1 ,goodness1 h>dness1 pride1 frailty4 #c4 ,a v]bal or p>ticipial n\n is ! "n ( "s action1 or /ate ( be+2 & is =m$ f a v]b1 l a p>ticiple1 b employ$ z a n\n3 z1 ,! triumph+ ( ! wick$ is %ort4--,job1 xx1 #e4 #d4 ,a ?+ sui g5]is1 7i4 e41 ( its own peculi> k9d17 is some?+ :i* is di/+ui%$1 n z an individual ( a species1 b z a sort by itself1 )\t plurality 9 ei!r ! n\n or ! sort ( ?+2 z1 ,galvanism1 music1 geometry4 ,,obs4 #a4--,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( an article1 a prop] "n sometimes acquires ! import ( a common n\n3 z1 ,he is ! ,cic]o ( 8 age2 t is1 ! great orator4 ,_m a fi]y ,alp2 t is1 high volcanic m\nta94 ,su* is ! foll[+ application ( fam\s names2 a ,solomon = a wise man1 a ,croesus = a ri* man1 a ,judas = a traitor1 a ,demo/h5es = an orator1 & a ,hom] = a poet4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cbf4 ,consid]ation1 l an angel1 came1 ,& :ipp'd ?' (f5d+ ,adam out ( him4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,a common n\n1 ) ! def9ite article be=e x1 sometimes becomes prop]3 z1 ,! ,p>k2 ! ,/r&2 ! ,gh>mel2 ! ,d[ns2 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! common "n ( a ?+ or quality p]sonifi$1 (t5 becomes prop]2 our conception ( ! object be+ *ang$ by ! figure ( spee*3 z1 ,my p[]1 said ,reason1 is to advise1 n to compel4--,johnson4 ,fair ,peace h] olive bran* ext5ds4 ,= su* a ^w1 ! =m ( p>s+ %\ld be l ?is3 ,peace is a common n\n1 p]sonifi$ prop]2 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 fem99e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 ,"h ! con/ruction ( ! ^w z a prop] n\n1 & ( ! fem99e g5d]1 is ! result ( ! p]sonification1 & contr>y to ! lit]al usage4 ,,modifications4 ,n\ns h modifications ( f\r k9ds2 namely1 ,p]sons1 ,numb]s1 ,g5d]s1 & ,cases4 ,,p]sons4 ,p]sons1 9 gramm>1 are modifications t di/+ui% ! speak]1 ! he>]1 & ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 ,!re are ?ree p]sons2 ! fir/1 ! second1 & ! ?ird4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak] or writ]2 z1 ,i ,paul h writt5 x4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$2 z1 ,rob]t1 :o did ?is8 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (2 z1 ,james loves 8 book4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! di/9ction ( p]sons is f\nd$ on ! diff]5t relations :i* ! objects m5tion$ 9 any disc\rse may be> to ! disc\rse itself4 ,! speak] or writ]1 be+ ! mov] & mak] ( ! communication1 ( c\rse /&s 9 ! ne>e/ or fir/ ( ^! relations4 ,! he>] or he>]s1 be+ p]sonally pres5t & directly address$1 evid5tly su/a9 ! next or second ( ^! relations2 ?is relation is also t ( ! read]1 :5 he p]uses :at is address$ to himself 9 pr9t or writ+4 ,la/ly1 :atsoev] or :osoev] is m]ely m5tion$ 9 ! disc\rse1 be>s to x t m remote relation :i* con/itutes ! ?ird p]son4 ,! di/9ction ( p]sons belongs to n\ns1 pron\ns1 & f9ite v]bs2 & to ^! x is always appli$1 ei!r by peculi>ity ( =m or con/ruction1 or by inf]5ce f ! pr9ciples ( concord4 ,pron\ns are l _! antec$5ts1 & v]bs are l _! subjects1 9 p]son4 ,,obs4 #b4--,( ! p]sons1 numb]s1 g5d]s1 cases1 & "s o!r grammatical modifications ( words1 x %\ld be obs]v$ t !y belong n exclusively to any "o "p ( spee*1 b jo9tly & equally1 to two or ?ree4 ,h5ce1 x is necess>y t our def9itions ( ^! ?+s be su* z w apply to ea* ( !m 9 full1 or "u all circum/ances2 = ! def9itions ought to be z g5]al 9 _! application z are ! ?+s or prop]ties def9$4 ,any p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 case1 or o!r grammatical modification1 is really b "o & ! same ?+1 9 :atev] "p ( spee* x may be f\nd4 ,?is is pla9ly impli$ 9 ! v nature ( e =m ( syntactical agreem5t2 & z pla9ly contradict$ 9 "o half1 & probably m1 ( ! def9itions usually giv5 ( ^! ?+s4 ,,obs4 #c4--,let x be und]/ood1 t p]sons1 9 gramm>1 are n words1 b m]e =ms1 relations1 or modifications ( words2 t !y are ?+s1 ?us nam$ by a figure2 ?+s ( ! neut] g5d]1 & n liv+ s\ls4 ,b p]sons1 9 common p>lance1 or 9 ord9>y life1 are intellig5t be+s1 ( "o or ! o!r sex4 ,^! objects1 diff]5t z !y are 9 _! nature1 are cont9ually conf\nd$ by ! mak]s ( ,engli% gramm>s3 z1 ,! fir/ p]son is ! p]son :o speaks4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,s ,bicknell1 ( ,london3 ,! fir/ p]son speaks ( himself2 z1 ,i ,john take !e ,elizabe?4 ,! second p]son has ! spee* direct$ to him1 & is suppos$ to be pres5t2 z1 ,?\ ,h>ry art a wick$ fell[4 ,! ?ird p]son is spok5 (1 or describ$1 & suppos$ to be abs5t2 z1 ,t ,?omas is a good man4 ,& 9 ! same mann] ! plural pron\ns are us$1 :5 m ?an "o are spok5 (4--,bicknell's ,grammatical ,wrea?1 p4 #ej4 ,! p]son speak+ is ! fir/ p]son2 ! p]son spok5 to1 ! second2 & ! p]son spok5 (1 ! ?ird4--,russell's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,! fir/ p]son is ! speak]4--,p>k] ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p i1 p4 #f4 ,p]son is t1 :i* di/+ui%es a n\n1 t speaks1 "o spok5 to1 or "o spok5 ab\t4--,s4 ,b4 ,hall's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,a n\n t speaks6 ,a n\n spok5 to6 ,if ev] "o ( ,fa!r ,hall's n\ns %all speak = itself1 or answ] :5 spok5 to1 w x n reprove him8 ,& h[ c ! fir/ p]son be ! p]son ,,:o speaks1 :5 e ^w ( ?is phrase is ( ! ?ird p]son8 ,mo/ c]ta9ly1 x is n ,,he1 nor any "o ( 8 sort4 ,if any body c boa/ ( be+ ! fir/ p]son 9 gramm>1 ,i pray1 ,:o is x8 ,is x n ,i1 ev5 ,i8 ,_m gramm>ians say s4 ,b nay3 su* au?ors "k n :at ! fir/ p]son 9 gramm> is4 ,! ,rev4 ,*>les ,adams1 ) inf9ite absurdity1 makes ! ?ree p]sons 9 gramm> to be nev] any ?+ b ?ree n\ns1 :i* hold a confabulation ?us3 ,p]son is def9$ to be t :i* di/+ui%es a n\n t speaks1 "o spok5 to1 or "o spok5 (4 ,! n\n t speaks 1 is ! fir/ p]son2 z1 ,i1 ,james1 0 pres5t4 ,! n\n t is spok5 to1 is ! second p]son2 z1 ,james1 7 y pres5t8 ,! n\n t is spok5 ( is ! ?ird p]son2 z1 ,james 0 pres5t4--,adams's ,sy/em ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,:at c be a great] blund]1 ?an to call ! fir/ p]son ( a v]b1 ( a pron\n1 or ev5 ( a n\n1 ! n\n t speaks8 ,:at c be m absurd ?an are ! foll[+ ass]tions8 ,n\ns are 9 ! fir/ p]son :5 speak+4 ,n\ns are ( ! second p]son :5 address$ or spok5 to4--,o4 ,c4 ,felton's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,an o!r error1 sc>cely less gross ?an t :i* has j be5 notic$1 is ! v common "o ( id5tify+ ! ?ree grammatical p]sons ) c]ta9 words1 call$ p]sonal pron\ns3 z1 ,i is ! fir/ p]son1 ?\ ! second1 he1 %e or x1 ! ?ird4--,smi?'s ,productive ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,i is ! fir/ p]son1 s+ul>4 ,?\ is ! second p]son1 s+ul>4 ,he1 %e1 or x1 is ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul>4 ,we is ! fir/ p]son1 plural4 ,ye or y is ! second p]son1 plural4 ,!y is ! ?ird p]son1 plural4--,l4 ,murray's ,gramm>1 p4 #ea2 ,+]soll's1 #ed2 ,d4 ,adams's1 #cg2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #ah2 ,kirkham's1 #ih2 ,coop]'s1 #cd2 ,t4 ,h4 ,mill]'s1 #bf2 ,hull's1 #ba2 ,fro/'s1 #ac2 ,wilcox's1 #ah2 ,bacon's1 #ai2 ,alg]'s1 #bb2 ,maltby's1 #ai2 ,p]ley's1 #ae2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #bb4 ,n[ !re is no m propriety 9 affirm+1 t ,i is ! fir/ p]son1 ?an 9 decl>+ t me1 we1 u1 am1 ourselves1 we ?9k1 ,i write1 or any o!r ^w or phrase ( ! fir/ p]son1 is ! fir/ p]son4 ,yet ,murray has giv5 u no o!r def9itions or explanations ( ! p]sons ?an ! =ego+ errone\s ass]tions2 &1 if ,i mi/ake n1 all ! re/ :o are "h nam$1 h be5 cont5t to def9e !m only z he did4 ,"s o!rs1 h[ev]1 h done /ill worse3 z1 ,!re are ?ree p]sonal pron\ns2 s call$1 because !y d5ote ! ?ree p]sons1 :o are ! subjects ( a disc\rse1 viz4 #a/4 ,i1 :o is ! p]son speak+2 #b;d ?\1 :o is spok5 to2 #c;d he1 %e1 or x1 :o is spok5 (1 & _! plurals1 we1 ye or y1 !y4--,b+ham's ,accid5ce1 #bj? ,ed41 p4 #g4 ,"h ! two k9ds ( error :i* ,i h j po9t$ out1 are jumbl$ toge!r4 ,x is impossible to write worse ,engli% ?an ?is6 ,nor is ! foll[+ mu* bett]3 ,( ! p]sonal pron\ns !re are five1 viz4 ,i1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 speak+2 ,?\1 9 ! second p]son1 spok5 to2 & ,he1 %e1 x1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 spok5 (4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 writt5 language1 ! fir/ p]son d5otes ! writ] or au?or2 & ! second1 ! read] or p]son address$3 except :5 ! writ] describes n himself1 b "s "o else1 z utt]+ to an o!r ! words :i* he records4 ,?is exception takes place m p>ticul>ly 9 ! writ+ ( dialogues & dramas2 9 :i* ! fir/ & second p]sons are abundantly us$1 n z ! repres5tatives ( ! au?or & 8 read]1 b z d5ot+ ! fictiti\s speak]s & he>]s t figure 9 ea* sc5e4 ,b1 9 disc\rse1 ! grammatical p]sons may be *ang$ )\t a *ange ( ! liv+ subject4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ! ?ree grammatical p]sons are all ( !m us$ ) ref]5ce to "o & ! same individual3 ,say ye ( ,him :om ! ,fa!r ha? sanctifi$ & s5t into ! _w1 ,?\ blaspheme/1 because ,i said ,i am ! ,son ( ,god8--,john1 x1 #cf4 ,,obs4 #f4-,! speak] seldom ref]s to himself by "n1 z ! speak]2 &1 ( ! objects :i* !re is occasion to "n 9 disc\rse1 b comp>atively few are su* z c ev] be suppos$ to speak4 ,consequ5tly1 n\ns are r>ely us$ 9 ! fir/ p]son2 & :5 !y d assume ?is relation1 a pron\n is commonly associat$ ) !m3 z1 ,i ,john1--,we ,britons4 ,^! words ,i conceive to agree ?r\gh\t1 9 p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 & case2 ?\gh x mu/ be confess$1 t agreem5t l ?is is n always requir$ betwe5 words 9 apposition4 ,b "s gramm>ians d5y ! fir/ p]son to n\ns altoge!r2 o!rs1 ) mu* m consi/5cy1 ascribe x2#adj :ile v _m are entirely sil5t on ! subject4 ,yet x is pla9 t bo? ! doctr9e ( concords1 & ! analogy ( g5]al gramm>1 require its admission4 ,! reason ( ?is may be se5 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ,!mi/ocles ad te v5i4 ,i ,!mi/ocles h come to y4--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #gb4 ,adsum ,troius neas4--,virgil4 ,romulus ,rex regia arma (f]o4--,livy4 ,annibal peto pacem4--,id4 ,callopius rec5sui4--,see ,t]5ce's ,com$ies1 at ! end4 ,paul1 an apo/le1 c41 unto ,timo?y1 my own son 9 ! fai?4--#a ,tim41 i1 #b4 ,aga91 if ! ^w ,god is ( ! second p]son1 9 ! text1 ,?\1 ,god1 see/ me1 :y %\ld any "o d5y t ,paul is ( ! fir/ p]son1 9 ?is "o8 ,i ,paul h writt5 x4--,philemon1 #ai4 ,or ?is8 ,! salutation by ! h& ( me ,paul4--,col41 iv1 #ah4 ,& s ( ! plural3 ,( y build]s4--,acts1 iv1 #aa4 ,( u ! apo/les4--#b ,pet41 iii1 #b4 ,h[ c x be pret5d$1 t1 9 ! phrase1 ,i ,paul1 ,i is ( ! fir/ p]son1 z d5ot+ ! speak]1 & ,paul1 ( "s o!r p]son1 z d5ot+ some?+ or somebody t is n ! speak]8 ,let ! admir]s ( ,murray1 ,kirkham1 ,+]soll1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,comly1 ,gre5leaf1 ,p>khur/1 or ( any o!rs :o tea* ?is absurdity1 answ]4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,z1 9 ! direct application ( :at are call$ ,*ri/ian names1 !re is a k9d ( famili>ity1 :i* on _m occasions w\ld seem to indicate a lack ( prop] respect2 s 9 a frequ5t & famili> use ( ! second p]son1 z x is ! plac+ ( an o!r 9 ! m intimate relation ( ! he>]1 & "o's self 9 t ( ! speak]1 !re is a sort ( assumption :i* may seem less mode/ & respectful ?an to use ! ?ird p]son4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! patri>* ,jacob uses bo? =ms2 apply+ ! t]m s]vant to himself1 & to 8 bro!r ,esau ! t]m "l3 ,let my "l1 ,i pray !e1 pass ov] be=e 8 s]vant3 & ,i w lead on s(tly4--,g541 xxxiii1 #ad4 ,= :5 a speak] or writ] does n *oose to decl>e himself 9 ! fir/ p]son1 or to address 8 he>] or read] 9 ! second1 he speaks ( bo? or ei!r 9 ! ?ird4 ,?us ,moses relates :at ,moses did1 & ,cs> records ! a*ievem5ts ( ,cs>4 ,s ,judah humbly besee*es ,joseph3 ,let ?y s]vant abide 9 /ead ( ! lad a bondman to my "l4--,g541 xliv1 #cc4 ,& ,abraham rev]5tly int]c$es ) ,god3 ,oh6 let n ! ,"l be angry1 & ,i w speak4--,g541 xviii1 #cj4 ,& ! ,psalmi/ prays3 ,god be m]ciful unto u1 & bless u2 & cause 8 face to %9e ^u u4--,ps41 lxvii1 #a4 ,s1 on m common occasions3-- ,z w ! re/1 s wille? ,w9*e/]4--,%ak4 ,ri*>d ( ,york1 h[ f>es our de>e/ bro!r8--,id4#ada ,,obs4 #h4--,:5 inanimate ?+s are spok5 to1 !y are p]sonifi$2 & _! names are put 9 ! second p]son1 because by ! figure ! objects are suppos$ to be capable ( he>+3 z1 ,:at ail$ !e1 ,o ?\ sea1 t ?\ fl$de/8 ?\ ,jordan1 t ?\ wa/ driv5 back8 ,ye m\nta9s1 t ye skipp$ l rams2 & ye little hills1 l lambs8 ,tremble1 ?\ e>?1 at ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l1 at ! pres5ce ( ! ,god ( ,jacob4--,psalms1 cxiv1 #e-g4 ,,numb]s4 ,numb]s1 9 gramm>1 are modifications t di/+ui% unity & plurality4 ,!re are two numb]s2 ! s+ul> & ! plural4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o2 z1 ,! boy le>ns4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o2 z1 ,! boys le>n4 ,! plural numb] ( n\ns is regul>ly =m$ by add+ s or es to ! s+ul>3 z1 book1 books2 box1 boxes2 s(a1 s(as2 h]o1 h]oes4 ,:5 ! s+ul> ends 9 a s\nd :i* w unite ) t ( s1 ! plural is g5]ally =m$ by add+ s only1 & ! numb] ( syllables is n increas$3 z1 p51 p5s2 grape1 grapes4 ,b :5 ! s\nd ( s _c be unit$ ) t ( ! primitive ^w1 ! regul> plural adds s to f9al e1 & es to o!r t]m9ations1 & =ms a sep>ate syllable3 z1 page1 pages2 fox1 foxes4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! di/9ction ( numb]s s]ves m]ely to %[ :e!r we speak ( "o object1 or ( m4 ,9 "s languages1 z ! ,greek & ! ,arabic1 !re is a dual numb]1 :i* d5otes two1 or a pair2 b 9 ours1 ?is prop]ty ( words1 or class ( modifications1 ext5ds no f>!r ?an to di/+ui% unity f plurality1 & plurality f unity4 ,x belongs to n\ns1 pron\ns1 & f9ite v]bs2 & to ^! x is always appli$1 ei!r by peculi>ity ( =m1 or by inf]5ce f ! pr9ciples ( concord4 ,pron\ns are l _! antec$5ts1 & v]bs are l _! subjects1 9 numb]4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! mo/ common way ( =m+ ! plural ( ,engli% n\ns1 is t ( simply add+ to !m an s2 :i*1 :5 x unites ) a %>p consonant1 is always %>p1 or hiss+2 & :5 x foll[s a v[el or a flat mute1 is g5]ally flat1 l z3 ?us1 9 ! words1 %ips1 skiffs1 pits1 rocks1 dep?s1 lakes1 gulfs1 x is %>p2 b 9 seas1 lays1 riv]s1 hills1 ponds1 pa?s1 r[s1 webs1 flags1 x is flat4 ,! t]m9ations :i* always make ! regul> plural 9 es1 ) increase ( syllables1 are twelve2 namely1 ce1 ge1 * s(t1 *e s(t1 %1 ss1 s1 se1 x1 xe1 z1 & ze3 z 9 face1 faces2 age1 ages2 tor*1 tor*es2 ni*e1 ni*es2 di%1 di%es2 kiss1 kisses2 rebus1 rebuses2 l5s1 l5ses2 *aise1 *aises2 corpse1 corpses2 nurse1 nurses2 box1 boxes2 axe1 axes2 phiz1 phizzes2 maze1 mazes4 ,all o!r end+s readily unite 9 s\nd ei!r ) ! %>p or ) ! flat s1 z !y !mselves are %>p or flat2 &1 to avoid an increase ( syllables1 we all[ ! f9al e mute to rema9 mute aft] t lett] is add$3 ?us1 we always pron\nce z monosyllables ! words babes1 blades1 /rifes1 ti!s1 yokes1 scales1 names1 canes1 ropes1 %ores1 plates1 doves1 & ! l4 ,,obs4 #c4--,?\gh ! irregul> plurals ( our language appe> consid]ably num]\s :5 br\ght toge!r1 !y are 9 fact v few 9 comp>ison ) ! _m ?\s&s t are p]fectly simple & regul>4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 usage is v>i\s 9 writ+1 ?\gh uni=m 9 spee*2 an unsettlem5t peculi> to c]ta9 words t t]m9ate 9 v[els3 z1 ,rabbis1 or rabbies2 octavos1 or octavoes2 attornies1 or attorneys4 ,!re are also "s o!r difficulties respect+ ! plurals ( n\ns1 & especially respect+ ^? ( =eign words2 ( comp\nd t]ms2 ( names & titles2 & ( words r$undant or defici5t 9 reg>d to ! numb]s4 ,:at is mo/ wor?y ( notice1 respect+ all ^! puzzl+ po9ts ( ,engli% gramm>1 is briefly conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,x is a g5]al rule ( ,engli% gramm>1 t all s+ul> n\ns end+ ) a v[el prec$$ by an o!r v[el1 %all =m ! plural by simply assum+ an s3 z1 ,plea1 pleas2 idea1 ideas2 h]nia1 h]nias2 bee1 bees2 lie1 lies2 foe1 foes2 %oe1 %oes2 cue1 cues2 eye1 eyes2 folio1 folios2 bamboo1 bamboos2 cuckoo1 cuckoos2 embryo1 embryos2 bureau1 bureaus2 purlieu1 purlieus2 s\1 s\s2 view1 views2 /raw1 /raws2 play1 plays2 key1 keys2 m$ley1 m$leys2 vic]oy1 vic]oys2 guy1 guys4 ,to ?is rule1 ! plurals ( words end+ 9 quy1 z alloquies1 colloquies1 obloquies1 soliloquies1 are commonly made exceptions2 because _m h conceiv$ t ! u1 9 su* in/ances1 is a m]e app5dage to ! q1 or is a consonant hav+ ! p[] ( w1 & n a v[el =m+ a diph?ong ) ! y4 ,all o!r deviations f ! rule1 z monies = moneys1 allies = alleys1 vallies = valleys1 *imnies = *imneys1 c41 are n[ usually condemn$ z errors4 ,see ,rule #ab? = ,spell+4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,x is also a g5]al pr9ciple1 t n\ns end+ 9 y prec$$ by a consonant1 *ange ! y into i1 & add es = ! plural1 )\t increase ( syllables3 z1 fly1 flies2 ally1 allies2 city1 cities2 colony1 colonies4 ,s n\ns 9 i1 7s f> z we h any t are susceptible ( a *ange ( numb]17 =m ! plural regul>ly by assum+ es3 z1 alkali1 alkalies2 salmagundi1 sal9agundies4 ,common n\ns end+ 9 y prec$$ by a consonant1 are num]\s2 & none ( !m deviate f ! =ego+ rule ( =m+ ! plural3 ?us1 duty1 duties4 ,! t]m9ation add$ is es1 & ! y is *ang$ into i1 accord+ to ! g5]al pr9ciple express$ 9 ,rule #aa? = ,spell+4 ,b1 to ?is pr9ciple1 or rule1 "s writ]s h suppos$ t prop] n\ns 7 to be acc\nt$ exceptions4 ,& accord+ly we sometimes f9d su* names made plural by ! m]e addition ( an s2 z1 ,h[ come ! ,py?agoras'1 x %\ld be1 ! ,py?agorases1 ! ,ari/otles1 ! ,tullys1 ! ,livys1 to appe>1 ev5 to u at ?is di/ance1 z />s ( ! fir/ magnitude 9 ! va/ fields ( e!r8--,burgh's ,dignity1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aca4 ,?is doctr9e1 adopt$ f "s ( our old] gramm>s1 ,i 0 myself1 at "o p]iod1 incl9$ to c\nt5ance2 7see ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #cc1 at ! bottom27 b fur!r obs]vation hav+ l$ me to suspect1 !re is m au?ority = *ang+ ! y ?an = reta9+ x1 ,i %all by-&-by exhibit "s examples ( ?is *ange1 & leave ! read] to take 8 *oice ( ! two =ms1 or pr9ciples4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! v[el a1 at ! end ( a ^w1 7except 9 ! que/ionable t]m huzza1 or :5 sil5t1 z 9 gu9ea17 has always its ,italian or middle s\nd1 z he>d 9 ! int]jection aha6 a s\nd :i* readily unites ) t ( s flat1 & :i* ought1 9 delib]ate spee*1 to be c>efully pres]v$ 9 plurals f ?is end+3 z1 ,canada1 ! ,canadas2 cupola1 cupolas2 comma1 commas2 ana!ma1 ana!mas4 ,to pron\nce ! f9al a flat1 z ,africay = ,africa1 is a m>k ( vulg> ignorance4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! v[el e at ! end ( a ^w1 is g5]ally sil5t2 &1 ev5 :5 o!rwise1 x rema9s s+le 9 plurals f ?is end+2 ! es1 :5ev] ! e is vocal1 be+ s\nd$ eez1 or l ! ^w ease3 z1 apo/rophe1 apo/rophes2 epitome1 epitomes2 simile1 similes4 ,?is class ( words be+ anomal\s 9 respect to pronunciation1 "s au?ors h attempt$ to re=m !m1 by *ang+ ! e to y 9 ! s+ul>1 & writ+ ies = ! plural3 z1 apo/rophy1 apo/rophies2 epitomy1 epitomies2 simily1 similies4 ,a re=mation ( "s sort seems desirable "h1 & ?is has ! advantage ( be+ fir/ propos$2 b x is n ext5sively adopt$1 & p]haps nev] w be2 = ! v[el s\nd 9 "q1 is n exactly t ( ! t]m9ations y & ies1 b "o :i* seems to require ee--a /rong] s\nd ?an t ( y1 ?\gh simil> to x4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,= n\ns end+ 9 op5 o prec$$ by a consonant1 ! regul> me?od ( =m+ ! plural seems to be t ( add+ es2 z 9 bilboes1 umboes1 buboes1 calicoes1 moriscoes1 gambadoes1 b>ricadoes1 fumadoes1 c>bonadoes1 tornadoes1 bravadoes1 torp$oes1 innu5does1 viragoes1 mangoes1 emb>goes1 c>goes1 pot>goes1 e*oes1 buffaloes1 volcanoes1 h]oes1 negroes1 potatoes1 manife/oes1 mulattoes1 /ilettoes1 woes4 ,9 words ( ?is class1 ! e appe>s to be useful z a means ( pres]v+ ! "r s\nd ( ! o2 consequ5tly1 su* ( !m z are ! mo/ frequ5tly us$1 h become ! mo/ firmly fix$ 9 ?is or?ography4 ,9 practice1 h[ev]1 we f9d _m simil> n\ns v frequ5tly1 if n uni=mly1 writt5 ) s only2 z1 cantos1 juntos1 grottos1 solos1 qu>tos1 octavos1 duodecimos1 tyros4 ,s t ev5 ! be/ s*ol>s seem to h frequ5tly d\bt$ :i* t]m9ation !y ought to reg>d z ! regul> "o4 ,! :ole class includes m ?an "o hundr$ words4 ,"s1 h[ev]1 are seldom us$ 9 ! plural2 & o!rs1 nev]4 ,wo & potato are sometimes writt5 woe & potatoe4 ,?is may h sprung f a notion1 t su* z h ! e 9 ! plural1 %\ld h x also 9 ! s+ul>4 ,b ?is pr9ciple has nev] be5 c>ri$ out2 &1 be+ repugnant to d]ivation1 x probably nev] w be4 ,! only ,engli% appellatives t are e/abli%$ 9 oe1 are ! foll[+ f\rte53 sev5 monosyllables1 doe1 foe1 roe1 %oe1 sloe1 soe1 toe2 & sev5 long] words1 rockdoe1 aloe1 felloe1 canoe1 misletoe1 tiptoe1 diploe4 ,! la/ is pron\nc$ dip'-lo-e by ,worce/]2 b ,web/]1 ,bolles1 & "s o!rs1 give x z a ^w ( two syllables only4#adb ,,obs4 #i4--;,e/abli%$ exceptions ought to be enum]at$ & treat$ z exceptions2 b x is impossible to rememb] h[ to write "s scores ( words1 s ne>ly alike z fumadoes & gr5ados1 /ilettoes & palmettos1 if !y are all[$ to diff] 9 t]m9ation1 z ^! examples d 9 ,johnson's ,diction>y4 ,nay1 = lack ( a rule to guide 8 p51 ev5 ,johnson himself c\ld n rememb] ! or?ography ( ! common ^w mangoes well en\gh to copy x twice )\t inconsi/5cy4 ,?is may be se5 by 8 example f ,k+1 "u ! words mango & pot>go4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 ei!r t]m9ation is pref]able to ! unc]ta9ty :i* mu/ att5d a division ( ?is class ( words betwe5 ! two2 & s9ce es has "s claim to ! pref]5ce1 z be+ a bett] index to ! s\nd2 ,i %all make no exceptions to ! pr9ciple1 t common n\ns end+ 9 o prec$$ by a consonant take es = ! plural4 ,murray says1 ,n\ns :i* end 9 o h sometimes es add$1 to =m ! plural2 z1 c>go1 e*o1 h]o1 negro1 manife/o1 potato1 volcano1 wo3 & sometimes only s2 z1 folio1 nuncio1 punctilio1 s]aglio4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,?is am\nts to no?+1 unless x is to be inf]r$ f 8 examples1 t o!rs l !m 9 =m are to take s or es accord+ly2 & ?is is :at ,i tea*1 ?\gh x _c be said t ,murray ma9ta9s ! pr9ciple4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,prop] names ( individuals1 /rictly us$ z su*1 h no plural4 ,b :5 sev]al p]sons ( ! same "n are spok5 (1 ! n\n becomes 9 "s degree common1 & admits ( ! plural =m & an article2 z1 ,! ,/u>ts1 ! ,cs>s4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 may /ill be call$ prop] n\ns1 9 p>s+2 because !y are only inflections1 peculi>ly appli$1 ( c]ta9 names :i* are indisputably su*4 ,s likewise :5 su* n\ns are us$ to d5ote "*3 z1 ,solomons1 = wise m52 ,n]os1 = tyrants4--,ib4 ,"h we see x becomes a d\bt :i* ( ! two ,h]culeses1 0 ! mon/]-quell]4--,notes to ,pope's ,dunciad1 iv1 #dib4 ,! prop] names ( nations1 tribes1 & societies1 are g5]ally plural2 &1 except 9 a direct address1 !y are usually con/ru$ ) ! def9ite article3 z1 ,! ,greeks1 ! ,a!nians1 ! ,jews1 ! ,jesuits4 ,b su* words may take ! s+ul> =m ) ! indef9ite article1 z (t5 z we h occasion to speak ( an individual ( su* a p2 z1 ,a ,greek1 an ,a!nian1 a ,jew1 a ,jesuit4 ,^!1 too1 may be call$ prop] n\ns2 because !y are national1 patrial1 or tribal names1 ea* ref]r+ to "s place or p1 & are n appellatives1 :i* ref] to actual sorts or k9ds1 n consid]$ local4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,prop] names1 :5 !y =m ! plural1 = ! mo/ "p =m x regul>ly1 by assum+ s or es accord+ to ! t]m9ation3 z1 ,c>ol9a1 ! ,c>ol9as2 ,james1 ! ,jameses4 ,& ^? :i* are only or *iefly plural1 h1 or ought to h1 su* t]m9ations z are prop] to di/+ui% !m z plurals1 s t ! =m = ! s+ul> may be inf]r$3 z1 ,! ,tungooses occupy ne>ly a ?ird ( ,sib]ia4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cgi4 ,"h ! s+ul> mu/ c]ta9ly be a ,tungoose4 ,! pr9cipal tribes are ! ,pawnees1 ! ,arrapahoes1 & ! ,cuman*es1 :o roam ?r\gh ! regions ( ! ,platte1 ! ,arkansaw1 & ! ,norte4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,"h ! s+ul>s may be suppos$ to be a ,pawnee1 an ,arrapaho1 & a ,cuman*e4 ,! ,s\!rn or ,floridian family compris$ ! ,*]okees1 ,creeks1 ,*ickasaws1 ,*octaws1 ,sem9oles1 & ,nat*ez4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,"h all are regul> plurals1 except ! la/2 & ?is probably ought to be ,nat*ezes1 b ,jeff]son spells x ,nat*es1 ! s+ul> ( :i* ,i d n "k4 ,sometimes =eign words or =eign t]m9ations h be5 improp]ly pref]r$ to our own2 :i* la/ are m intelligible1 & !re=e bett]3 z1 ,esquimaux1 to ,esquimaus2 ,kni/5aux1 to ,kni/5aus1 or ,crees2 ,si\x1 to ,si\s1 or ,dahcotahs2 ,iroquois1 to ,iroquoys1 or ,hurons4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,respect+ ! plural ( n\ns end+ 9 i1 o1 u1 or y1 prec$$ by a consonant1 !re is 9 pres5t usage mu* unc]ta9ty4 ,z any v[el s\nd may be utt]$ ) an s1 _m writ]s suppose ^! lett]s to require = plurals /rictly regul>1 ! s only2 & to take es occasionally1 by way ( exception4 ,o!rs1 7p]haps ) m reason17 assume1 t ! mo/ usual1 regul>1 & prop] end+s = ! plural1 9 ^! in/ances1 are ies1 oes1 & ues3 z1 alkali1 alkalies2 halo1 haloes2 gnu1 gnues2 enemy1 enemies4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is "r = common n\ns4 ,h[ f> prop] names are to be made exceptions1 because !y are prop] names1 is an o!r "q4 ,x is c]ta9 t "s ( !m are n to be except$3 z1 = in/ance1 ,alleghany1 ! ,alleghanies2 ,sicily1 ! ,two ,sicilies2 ,ptolemy1 ! ,ptolemies2 ,jehu1 ! ,jehues4 ,s ! names ( tribes2 z1 ,! ,miss\ries1 ! ,otoes1 ! ,w9nebagoes4 ,likewise1 ! h\ries & ! h>pies2 :i* words1 ?\gh n /rictly prop] names1 are (t5 writt5 ) a capital z su*4 ,l ^! are rabbies1 cadies1 mufties1 sophies1 f :i* "s writ]s omit ! e4 ,johnson1 ,walk]1 & o!rs1 write gipsy & gipsies2 ,web/]1 n[ writes ,gipsey & ,gipseys2 ,worce/] pref]s ,gypsy1 & probably ,gypsies3 ,web/] once wrote ! plural gypsies2 7see 8 ,essays1 p4 #ccc27 & ,johnson cites ! foll[+ l9e3-- ,i1 ne> yon /ile1 ?ree sall[ gypsies met4--,gay4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,prop] names 9 o are commonly made plural by s only4 ,yet !re seems to be ! same reason = ins]t+ ! e 9 ^!1 z 9 o!r n\ns ( ! same end+2 namely1 to prev5t ! o f acquir+ a %ort s\nd4 ,i appreh5d1 says ,*ur*ill1 x has be5 f an errone\s notion ( prop] names be+ un*angeable1 t "s1 feel+ ! necessity ( obviat+ ?is mispronunciation1 h put an apo/rophe betwe5 ! o & ! s 9 ! plural1 9 /ead ( an e2 writ+ ,cato's1 ,n]o's2 & on a simil> pr9ciple1 ,ajax's1 ,v5us's2 ?us us+ ! possessive case s+ul> = ! nom9ative or objective plural4 ,h>ris says v prop]ly1 ',we h our ,m>ks & our ,antonies3 ,h]mes1 ,b4 #b1 ,*4 #d2 = :i* ^? w\ld h giv5 u ,m>k's & ,antony's4--,new ,gram41 p4 #bjf4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! motive = x1 su* a use ( ! apo/rophe is a gross impropriety4 ,9 ?is quotation1 ',f ! ,socrates's1 ! ,plato's1 & ! ,confucius's ( ! age1' ! prop] names %\ld h be5 pluraliz$ l common n\ns2 ?us1 ,f ! ,socrateses1 ! ,platoes1 & ! ,confuciuses ( ! age4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #abf2 ,bullions's1 #adb4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,! foll[+ are "s examples ( ! plurals ( prop] names1 :i* ,i submit to ! judgem5t ( ! read]1 9 connexion ) ! =ego+ obs]vations3 ,! ,romans _h _! plurals ,m>ci & ,antonii1 z we 9 lat] days h our ,m>ks & our ,an?onies4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #dj4 ,!re seems to be m reason = su* plurals1 z ! ,ptolemies1 ,scipios1 ,catos3 or1 to in/ance 9 m mod]n names1 ! ,h[>ds1 ,pelhams1 & ,montagues4--,ib41 #dj4 ,ne> ! family seat ( ! ,montgom]ies ( ,coil's-field4--,burns's ,poems1 ,note1 p4 #g4 ,tryphon1 a surname ( "o ( ! ,ptolemies4--,lempri]e's ,dict4 ,sixte5 ( ! ,tub]os1 ) _! wives & *ildr51 liv$ 9 a small h\se4--,ib4 ,:at are ! ,jupit]s & ,junos ( ! hea!ns to su* a ,god8--,burgh's ,dignity1 i1 #bcd4 ,also :5 we speak ( m ?an "o p]son ( ! same "n2 z1 ! ,h5ries1 ! ,edw>ds4--,cobbetts ,e4 ,gram41 #dj4 ,%e 0 desc5d$ f ! ,p]cies & ! ,/anleys4--,loves ( ! ,poets1 ii1 #ajb4 ,naples1 or ! ,two ,sicilies4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bgc4 ,! ^w ,india1 commonly makes ! plural ,indies1 n ,indias2 &1 = ,ajaxes1 ! poets write ,ajaces4 ,b ,ri*>d ,hiley says1 ,prop] n\ns1 :5 pluraliz$1 foll[ ! same rules z common n\ns2 z1 ,v5us1 ! ,v5uses2 ,ajax1 ! ,ajaxes2 ,cato1 ! ,catoes2 ,h5ry1 ! ,h5ries4--,hiley's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,he ev'ry day f ,k+ to ,k+ c walk1 ,( all our ,h>ries1 all our ,edw>ds talk4--,pope's ,satires1 iv4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,:5 a "n & a title are to be us$ toge!r 9 a plural s5se1 _m p]sons are puzzl$ to det]m9e :e!r ! "n1 or ! title1 or bo?1 %\ld be 9 ! plural =m4 ,= example--9 speak+ ( two "y ladies ^: family "n is ,bell--:e!r to call !m ! ,miss ,bells1 ! ,misses ,bell1 or ! ,misses ,bells4 ,to an inquiry on ?is po9t1 a le>n$ editor1 :o pref]s ! la/1 lately gave 8 answ] ?us3 ,!re are two "y ladies2 ( c\rse !y are '! ,misses4' ,_! "n is ,bell2 ( c\rse !re are two ',bells4' ,ergo1 ! correct phrase1 9 speak+ ( !m1 is--'! ,misses ,bells4'--,n4 ,y4 ,com4 ,adv4 ,?is puts ! words 9 apposition2 & !re is no "q1 t x is =mally correct4 ,b /ill x is less agreeable to ! e>1 less frequ5tly he>d1 & less approv$ by gramm>ians1 ?an ! fir/ phrase2 :i*1 if we may be all[$ to assume t ! two words may be tak5 toge!r z a sort ( comp\nd1 is correct also4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,:5 a "n has a title prefix$ to x1 z ,doctor1 ,miss1 ,ma/]1 c41 ! plural t]m9ation affects only ! latt] ( ! two words2 z1 ',! two ,doctor ,nettletons'--',! two ,miss ,?omsons2' ?\gh a /rict analogy w\ld plead = ! alt]ation ( ! =m] ^w1 & lead u to say1 ',! two ,doctors ,nettleton'--',! two ,misses ,?omson4'--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,! foll[+ quotations %[ ! op9ions ( "s o!r gramm>ians3 ,two or m n\ns 9 concordance1 & =m+ "o complex "n1 or a "n & a title1 h ! plural t]m9ation annex$ to ! la/ only2 z1 ',! ,miss ,smi?s'--',! ?ree ,doctor ,simpsons'--',! two ,ma/] ,wigg9ses4' ,) a few exceptions1 & ^? n p>allel to ! examples j giv51 we almo/ uni=mly1 9 complex names1 conf9e ! inflection to ! la/ or ! latt] n\n4--,dr4 ,crombie4 ,! =ego+ op9ion f ,crombie1 is quot$ & second$ by ,maund]1 :o adds ! foll[+ examples3 ,?us1 ,dr4 ,watts3 ',may !re n be ,sir ,isaac ,newtons 9 e sci5ce8'--',y mu/ n suppose t ! _w is made up ( ,lady ,aurora ,granvilles4'--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,,obs4 #af4--,^! writ]s d n seem to accord ) ,w4 ,l4 ,/one1 ! editor above quot$1 nor w\ld 8 reason+ apply well to sev]al ( _! examples4 ,yet bo? op9ions are "r1 if nei!r be c>ri$ too f>4 ,= :5 ! words are 9 apposition1 r ?an 9 composition1 ! fir/ "n or title mu/ be made plural1 if x ref]s to m ?an "o3 z1 ,! ,misses ,bell & ,br[n1--,messrs4 ,lamb]t & ,son1--,! ,lords ,cal?orpe & ,ersk9e1--,! ,lords ,bi%ops ( ,durham & ,/4 ,david's1--,! ,knights ,hospital]s1--,! ,knights ,templ>s1--,! ,knights ,b>onets4 ,b ?is does n prove ! o!r con/ruction1 :i* v>ies ! la/ ^w only1 to be irregul>2 &1 if x did1 !re is abundant au?ority = x4 ,nor is t :i* v>ies ! fir/ only1 to be altoge!r condemn$1 ?\gh ,dr4 ,prie/ley is unque/ionably wrong respect+ ! /rict analogy ( :i* he speaks4 ,! jo9+ ( a plural title to "o s+ul> n\n1 z1 ,misses ,roy1--,! ,misses ,bell1--,! two ,misses ,?omson1 produces a phrase :i* is 9 itself ! lea/ analog\s ( ! ?ree2 b1 ,! ,misses ,jane & ,eliza ,bell1 is a phrase :i* nobody p]haps w und]take to am5d4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t ea* ( ^! =ms ( expression may be "r 9 "s cases2 & ea* ( !m may be wrong1 if improp]ly sub/itut$ = ei!r ( ! o!rs4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! foll[+ /atem5ts1 ?\gh errone\s 9 sev]al p>ticul>s1 w %[ ! op9ions ( "s o!r gramm>ians1 ^u ! =ego+ po9t3 ,prop] n\ns h ! plural only :5 !y ref] to a race or family2 z1 ,! ,campbells2 or to sev]al p]sons ( ! same "n2 z1 ,! eight ,h5rys2 ! two ,mr4 ,sells2 ! two ,miss ,br[ns2 or1 )\t ! num]al1 ! ,miss ,roys4 ,b 9 address+ lett]s 9 :i* bo? or all are equally conc]n$1 & also :5 ! names are diff]5t1 we pluralize ! title1 7,mr4 or ,miss17 & write1 ,misses ,br[n2 ,misses ,roy2 ,messrs1 7= ,messieurs1 ,fr47 ,gu?rie & ,tait4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,if we wi% to di/+ui% ! unm>ri$ f ! m>ri$ ,h[>ds1 we call !m ! ,miss ,h[>ds4 ,if we wi% to di/+ui% ^! ,misses f o!r ,misses1 we call !m ! ,misses ,h[>d4--,f[le's ,gram4 ,to di/+ui% sev]al p]sons ( ! same "n & family f o!rs ( a diff]5t "n & family1 ! title1 & n ! prop] "n1 is v>i$ to express ! di/9ction2 z1 ! ,misses ,/ory1 ! ,messrs4 ,/ory4 ,! elliptical mean+ is1 ! ,misses & ,messrs1 :o are nam$ ,/ory4 ,to di/+ui% unm>ri$ f m>ri$ ladies1 ! prop] "n1 & n ! title1 %\ld be v>i$2 z1 ! ,miss ,cl>ks4 ,:5 we m5tion m ?an "o p]son ( diff]5t names1 ! title %\ld be express$ be=e ea*2 z1 ,miss ,burns1 ,miss ,p>k]1 & ,miss ,hopk9son1 7 pres5t4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,9 ! foll[+ examples f ,pope's ,works1 ! la/ ^w only is v>i$3 ,he p>agons himself to two ,"l ,*ancellors = law4--,vol4 iii1 p4 #fa4 ,ye>ly panegyrics ^u ! ,"l ,mayors4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,:5ce hapless ,monsieur mu* compla9s at ,p>is ,( wrongs f ,du*esses & ,lady ,m>ies4--,dunciad1 ,b4 ii1 ,l #ace4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,! foll[+ elev5 n\ns 9 f1 *ange ! f into v & assume es = ! plural3 %eaf1 %eaves2 leaf1 leaves2 loaf1 loaves2 leaf1 beeves2 ?ief1 ?ieves2 calf1 calves2 half1 halves2 elf1 elves2 %elf1 %elves2 self1 selves2 wolf1 wolves4 ,?ree o!rs 9 fe are simil>3 life1 lives2 knife1 knives2 wife1 wives4 ,^! are specific exceptions to ! g5]al rule = plurals1 & n a s]ies ( examples com+ "u a p>ticul> rule2 =1 contr>y to ! in/ructions ( ne>ly all our gramm>ians1 !re are m ?an twice z _m words ( ! same end+s1 :i* take s only3 z1 *iefs1 k]*iefs1 h&k]*iefs1 mis*iefs1 beliefs1 misbeliefs1 reliefs1 bassreliefs1 briefs1 feifs1 griefs1 clefs1 semibrefs1 oafs1 waifs1 coifs1 gulfs1 ho(s1 ro(s1 pro(s1 repro(s1 wo(s1 califs1 turfs1 sc>fs1 dw>fs1 :>fs1 fifes1 /rifes1 safes4 ,! plural ( :>f is sometimes writt5 :>ves2 b p]haps z frequ5tly1 &1 if s1 m accurately1 :>fs4 ,examples & au?orities3 ,:>f1 :>fs4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #hj2 ,w>d's1 #bd2 ,go>'s1 #bf2 ,l5nie's1 #g2 ,bucke's1 #ci4 ,!re 7 n 9 ,london s _m :>fs1 or keys1 = ! l&+ ( m]*ants' goods4--,,*ild3 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,! :>fs ( ,bo/on are also wor?y ( notice4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cg4 ,betwe5 banks ?ickly clad ) dwell+-h\ses1 manufactories1 & :>fs4--,london ,morn4 ,*ronicle1 #ahcc4 ,n\ns 9 ff take s only2 z1 skiffs1 /uffs1 gaffs4 ,b ! plural ( /aff has hi!rto be5 g5]ally writt5 /aves2 a puzzl+ & useless anomaly1 bo? 9 =m & s\nd3 = all ! comp\nds ( /aff are regul>2 z1 di/affs1 :ip/affs1 tip/affs1 flag/affs1 qu>t]/affs2 & /aves is ! regul> plural ( /ave1 a ^w n[ 9 v common use ) a diff]5t mean+1 z e coop] & e musician kn[s4 ,/affs is n[ sometimes us$2 z1 ,i saw ! husb&m5 b5d+ ov] _! /affs4--,"l ,c>n>von4 ,) _! /affs 9 _! h&s = v age4--,hope ( ,israel1 p4 #af4 ,to di/+ui% betwe5 ! two /affs4--,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #dc4 ,9 "o in/ance1 ,i obs]ve1 a v excell5t s*ol> has writt5 selfs = selves1 b ! latt] is ! e/abli%$ plural ( self3 ,self-love w\ld cease1 or be dilat$1 :5 ,we %\ld behold z _m selfs z m54--,wall]'s ,poems1 p4 #ee4 ,,obs4 #ai4--,( n\ns purely ,engli%1 ! foll[+ ?irte5 are ! only simple words t =m di/9ct plurals n end+ 9 s or es1 & f\r ( ^! are (t5 regul>3 man1 m52 woman1 wom52 *ild1 *ildr52 bro!r1 bre?r5 or bro!rs2 ox1 ox52 goose1 geese2 foot1 feet2 too?1 tee?2 l\se1 lice2 m\se1 mice2 die1 dice or dies2 p5ny1 p5ce or p5nies2 pea1 pease or peas4 ,! ^w bre?r5 is n[ appli$ only to fell[-memb]s ( ! same *ur* or frat]nity2 = sons ( ! same p>5ts we always use bro!rs2 & ?is =m is sometimes employ$ 9 ! o!r s5se4 ,dice are spott$ cubes = gam+2 dies are /amps = co9+ money1 or = impress+ metals4 ,p5ce1 z six p5ce1 ref]s to ! am\nt ( money 9 value2 p5nies d5otes ! corns !mselves4 ,we write peas1 = two or m individual se$s2 b pease1 = an indef9ite numb] 9 quantity or bulk4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,?is la/ anomaly1 ,i ?9k1 might well en\gh be sp>$2 ! s\nd ( ! ^w be+ ! same1 & ! di/9ction to ! eye n always reg>d$4 ,:y is x n z prop]1 to write an ord] = a bu%el ( peas1 z = a bu%el ( beans8 ,peas & beans may be sev]$ f ! gr\nd be=e !y be q dry4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #ca4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,:5 a comp\nd1 end+ ) any ( ! =ego+ irregul> words1 is made plural1 x foll[s ! fa%ion ( ! ^w ) :i* x ends3 z1 ,g5tleman1 g5tlem52 bondwoman1 bondwom52 fo/]-*ild1 fo/]-*ildr52 solan-goose1 solan-geese2 eyetoo?1 eyetee?2 woodl\se1 woodlice2#adc dorm\se1 dormice2 half-p5ny1 halfp5ce1 half-p5nies4 ,9 ?is way1 ^! irregul>ities ext5d to _m words2 ?\gh "s ( ! metaphorical class1 z kite's-foot1 colts-foot1 be>'s-foot1 lion's-foot1 be+ names ( plants1 h no plural4 ,! ^w man1 :i* is us$ ! mo/ frequ5tly 9 ?is way1 makes m ?an sev5ty su* comp\nds4 ,b !re are "s words ( ?is end+1 :i*1 n be+ comp\nds ( man1 are regul>3 z1 ,g]man1 ,g]mans2 ,turcoman1 ,turcomans2 ,mussulman1 ,mussulmans2 talisman1 talismans2 leman1 lemans2 caiman1 caimans4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,comp\nds1 9 g5]al1 admit b "o v>iation to =m ! plural1 & t mu/ be made 9 ! pr9cipal ^w1 r ?an 9 ! adjunct2 b :]e ! t]ms diff] little 9 importance1 ! g5ius ( ! language obvi\sly incl9es to a v>iation ( ! la/ only4 ,?us we write fa!rs-9-law1 sons-9-law1 knights-errant1 c\rts-m>tial1 c\s9s-g]man1 hang]s-on1 com+s-91 go+s-out1 go+s-=?1 v>y+ ! fir/2 & manhat]s1 man/eal]s1 manslay]s1 maneat]s1 m&rills1 h&fuls1 spoonfuls1 m\?fuls1 pailfuls1 outp\r+s1 +a!r+s1 d[nsitt+s1 ov]fl[+s1 v>y+ ! la/4 ,s1 9 _m in/ances1 :5 !re is a less intimate connexion ( ! p>ts1 & ! words are writt5 ) a hyph51 if n sep>ately1 we *oose to v>y ! latt] or la/3 z1 fell[-s]vants1 que5-consorts1 ?ree-p]-c5ts1 he-goats1 %e-be>s1 jack-a-d&ies1 jack-a-lant]ns1 piano-=tes4 ,! foll[+ mode ( writ+ is irregul> 9 two respects2 fir/1 because ! words are sep>at$1 & secondly1 because bo? are v>i$3 ,is x unreasonable to say ) ,john ,wesley1 t 'm5 buy]s are exactly on a level ) m5 /eal]s8--,,goodell',s ,,lect4 ,,ii3 ,lib]ator1 ix1 #fe4 ,accord+ to analogy1 x ought to be3 ,manbuy]s are exactly on a level ) man/eal]s4 ,j4 ,w4 ,wright alleges1 t1 ,! phrase1 ',i want two spoonfuls or h&fuls1' ?\gh common1 is improp]ly con/ruct$2 & t1 we %\ld say1 ',two spoons or h&s full4'--,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #bbb4 ,f ?is op9ion1 ,i diss5t3 bo? au?ority & analogy fav\r ! =m] mode ( express+ ! plural ( su* quantities4 ,,obs4 #bb4--,!re is nei!r difficulty nor unc]ta9ty respect+ ! prop] =ms = ! plurals ( comp\nd n\ns 9 g5]al2 b ! two irregul> words man & woman are (t5 v>i$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! loos] k9d ( comp\nds1 contr>y to :at appe>s to be ! g5]al analogy ( simil> words4 ,( ! propriety ( ?is1 ! read] may judge1 :5 ,i %all h quot$ a few examples3 ,besides _! man-s]vants & _! maid-s]vants4--,nehemiah1 vii1 #fg4 ,& ,i h ox5 & asses1 flocks1 & m5-s]vants1 & wom5-s]vants4--,g541 xxxii1 #e4 ,i gat me m5-s+]s1 & wom5-s+]s1 & ! delights ( ! sons ( m54--,ecclesia/es1 ii1 #h4 ,& %e br\ght =? a man-*ild1 :o 0 to rule all nations ) a rod ( iron4--,rev41 xii1 #e4--,:y h ye done ?is1 & sav$ ! m5-*ildr5 alive8--,exod41 i1 #ah4 ,su* t]ms z ^!1 if ?\ght objectionable1 may easily be avoid$1 by sub/itut+ = ! =m] "p ( ! comp\nd ! sep>ate adjective male or female2 z1 male *ild1 male *ildr54 ,or1 = ^? ( ! ?ird example1 "o might say1 s++ m5 & s++ wom51 z 9 ,nehemiah1 vii1 #fg2 =1 9 ! anci5t languages1 ! words are ! same4 ,alg] comp\nds s++-m5 & s++-wom54 ,,obs4 #bc4--,"s =eign comp\nd t]ms1 consi/+ ( :at are usually1 9 ! language f :i* !y come1 di/9ct words & diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 are made plural 9 ,engli%1 by ! addition ( e or es at ! end4 ,b1 9 all su* cases1 ,i ?9k ! hyph5 %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! comp\nd1 ?\gh x is ! practice ( _m to omit x4 ,( ?is odd sort ( words1 ,i quote ! foll[+ examples f ,*ur*ill2 tak+ ! lib]ty to ins]t ! hyph51 :i* he omits3 ,ave-,m>ies1 ,te-,deums1 cam]a-obscuras1 agnus-ca/uses1 habeas-corpuses1 scire-faciases1 hiccius-docciuses1 hocus-pocuses1 ignis-fatuuses1 *ef-d'oeuvres1 cong-d'lires1 fl[]-de-luces1 l\is-d'-ores1 tte--ttes4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,"s n\ns1 f ! nature ( ! ?+s meant1 h no plural4 ,=1 z !re ought to be no ^w1 or inflection ( a ^w1 = :i* we _c conceive an appropriate mean+ or use1 x foll[s t :atev] is ( su* a species t x _c be tak5 9 any plural s5se1 mu/ naturally be nam$ by a ^w :i* is s+ul> only3 z1 p]ry1 cid]1 c(fee1 flax1 hemp1 f5nel1 tall[1 pit*1 gold1 slo?1 pride1 meekness1 eloqu5ce4 ,b !re are "s ?+s1 :i* h 9 fact nei!r a compreh5sible unity1 nor any di/+ui%able plurality1 & :i* may !re=e be spok5 ( 9 ei!r numb]2 = ! di/9ction ( unity & plurality is1 9 su* in/ances1 m]ely v]bal2 &1 :i*ev] numb] we take1 ! ^w w be apt to want ! o!r3 z1 dregs1 or s$im5t2 ri*es1 or weal?2 pa9s1 or toil2 e?ics1 or moral philosophy2 politics1 or ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t2 belles-lettres1 or polite lit]ature4 ,s d>kness1 :i* 9 ,engli% appe>s to h no plural1 is express$ 9 ,lat9 by t5ebr1 9 ,fr5* by tnbres1 :i* h no s+ul>4 ,x is necess>y t e n\n %\ld be und]/ood to be ( "o numb] or ! o!r2 =1 9 connect+ x ) a v]b1 or 9 supply+ its place by a pron\n1 we mu/ assume x to be ei!r s+ul> or plural4 ,& x is desirable t s+ul>s & plurals %\ld always abide by _! appropriate =ms1 s t !y may be !reby di/+ui%$ ) read9ess4 ,b cu/om1 :i* regulates ?is1 z e ?+ else ( ! l nature1 does n always adju/ x well2 or1 at lea/1 n always ^u pr9ciples uni=m 9 !mselves & obvi\s to e intellect4 ,,obs4 #be4--,n\ns ( multitude1 :5 tak5 collectively1 g5]ally admit ! regul> plural =m2 :i* ( c\rse is und]/ood ) ref]5ce to ! individuality ( ! :ole collection1 consid]$ z "o ?+3 b1 :5 tak5 di/ributively1 !y h a plural signification )\t ! =m2 &1 9 ?is case1 _! plurality ref]s to ! individuals t compose ! assemblage4 ,?us1 a c\ncil1 a committee1 a jury1 a meet+1 a society1 a flock1 or a h]d1 is s+ul>2 & ! regul> plurals are c\ncils1 committees1 juries1 meet+s1 societies1 flocks1 h]ds4 ,b ^!1 & _m simil> words1 may be tak5 plurally )\t ! s1 because a collective n\n is ! "n ( _m individuals toge!r4 ,h5ce we may say1 ,! c\ncil 7 unanim\s4--,! committee are 9 consultation4--,! jury 7 unable to agree4--,! meet+ h %[n _! discretion4--,! society h settl$ _! dispute4--,! flock are widely scatt]$4--,! :ole h]d 7 dr[n$ 9 ! sea4 ,! propriety ( ! la/ example seems que/ionable2 because :ole implies unity1 & 7 dr[n$ is plural4 ,:]e a pur] concord c be effect$1 x may be well to avoid su* a con/ruction1 ?\gh examples l x are n uncommon3 z1 ,clodius 0 acquitt$ by a corrupt jury1 t _h palpably tak5 %>es ( money be=e !y gave _! v]dict4--,bacon4 ,& ! :ole multitude ( ! p 7 pray+ )\t1 at ! "t ( inc5se4--,luke1 i1 #aj4 ,,obs4 #bf4--,n\ns h1 9 "s in/ances1 a unity or plurality ( mean+1 :i* seems to be directly at v>iance ) _! =m4 ,?us1 cattle1 = bea/s ( pa/ure1 & pulse1 = peas & beans1 ?\gh 9 appe>ance s+ul>s only1 are g5]ally1 if n always1 plural2 & summons1 gall[s1 *9tz1 s]ies1 sup]ficies1 molasses1 suds1 hunks1 jakes1 trapes1 & corps1 ) ! appe>ance ( plurals1 are g5]ally1 if n always1 s+ul>4 ,dr4 ,web/] says t cattle is ( bo? numb]s2 b :]e9 ! on5ess ( cattle c consi/1 ,i "k n4 ,! ,bible says1 ,god made--cattle aft] _! k9d4--,g541 i1 #be4 ,"h k9d is inde$ s+ul>1 z if cattle 7 a natural g5us ( :i* "o mu/ be a cattle2 z %eep are a natural g5us ( :i* "o is a %eep3 b :e!r prop]ly express$ s or n1 is que/ionable2 p]haps x ought to be1 & cattle aft] _! k9ds4 ,dr4 ,gillies says1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,greece1 cattle 0 reg>d$ z ! mo/ conv5i5t measure ( value4 ,?is seems to me to be m inaccurate & un9telligible1 ?an to say1 ,%eep 0 reg>d$ z ! mo/ conv5i5t measure ( value4 ,& :at w\ld ?is mean8 ,%eep is n s+ul>1 unless limit$ to t numb] by "s def9itive ^w2 & cattle ,i conceive to be incapable ( any su* limitation4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,( ! la/ class ( words above cit$1 "s may assume an additional es1 :5 tak5 plurally2 z1 summonses1 gall[ses1 *9tses3 ! re/ ei!r want ! plural1 or h x seldom & )\t *ange ( =m4 ,corps1 a body ( troops1 is a ,fr5* ^w1 :i*1 :5 s+ul>1 is pron\nc$ core1 & :5 plural1 cores4 ,b corpse1 a dead body1 is an ,engli% ^w1 pron\nc$ korps1 & mak+ ! plural 9 two syllables1 corpses4 ,summonses is giv5 9 ,cobb's ,diction>y z ! plural ( summons2 b "s au?ors h us$ ! latt] ) a plural v]b3 z1 ,b ,love's fir/ summons seldom are obey'd4--,wall]'s ,poems1 p4 #h4 ,dr4 ,johnson says ?is n\n is f ! v]b to summon2 &1 if ?is is its orig91 ! s+ul> ought to be a summon1 & !n summons w\ld be a regul> plural4 ,b ?is s+ul> n\n ) a plural t]m9ation1 z ,web/] describes x1 m probably orig9at$ f ! ,lat9 v]b submoneas1 us$ 9 ! writ1 & came to u ?r\gh ! j>gon ( law1 9 :i* we sometimes he> m5 talk ( summons+ witnesses4 ,! au?orities = x1 h[ev]1 are good en\gh2 z1 ,?is pres5t summons4--,,%ak43 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,?is summons he resolv$ to disobey4--,,fell3 ib4 ,*9ts is call$ by ,cobb a sub/antive plural & def9$ z cotton clo?s1 made 9 ,india2 b o!r lexicograph]s def9e x z s+ul>1 & ,worce/] 7p]haps m prop]ly7 writes x *9tz4 ,johnson cites ,pope z speak+ ( a *>m+ *9ts1 & ,i h some:]e se5 ! plural =m$ by add+ es4 ,( ! ,con/ruction ( s+le ,words1 or ,s]ieses ( ,words4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,walk]1 9 8 ,elem5ts ( ,elocution1 makes frequ5t use ( ! ^w s]ieses1 & ( ! phrase s]ies ( s]ieses4 ,b mo/ writ]s1 ,i suppose1 w\ld d\bt ! propriety ( ?is practice2 because1 9 ,lat91 all n\ns ( ! fif? decl5sion1 su* z c>ies1 cong]ies1 s]ies1 species1 sup]ficies1 make _! nom9ative & vocative cases alike 9 bo? numb]s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is no rule = writ+ ,engli%4 ,dr4 ,blair has us$ ! ^w species 9 a plural s5se2 ?\gh ,i ?9k he ought r to h pref]r$ ! regul> ,engli% ^w k9ds3 ,! high] species ( poetry seldom admit x4--,rhet41 p4 #djc4 ,specie1 mean+ h>d money1 ?\gh d]iv$ or corrupt$ f species1 is n ! s+ul> ( t ^w2 nor has x any occasion = a plural =m1 because we nev] speak ( a specie4 ,! plural ( gall[s1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,web/]1 is gall[ses2 nor is t =m )\t o!r au?ority1 ?\gh "s say1 gall[s is ( bo? numb]s & n to be v>i$3 ,gall[ses 7 occasionally put 9 ord] by ! side ( my w9d[s4--,leigh ,hunt's ,byron1 p4 #cfi4 ,:o w\ld n guess !re might be hopes1 ,! fe> ( gall[ses & ropes1 ,be=e _! eyes1 might reconcile ,_! animosities a :ile8--,hudibras1 p4 #ij4 ,,obs4 #bh4--,?\gh ! plural numb] is g5]ally d]iv$ f ! s+ul>1 & ( c\rse mu/ z g5]ally imply its exi/5ce1 we h examples1 & ^? n a few1 9 :i* ! case is o!rwise4 ,"s n\ns1 because !y signify su* ?+s z nature or art has made plural or d\ble2 "s1 because !y h be5 =m$ f o!r p>ts ( spee* by means ( ! plural end+ :i* belongs to n\ns2 & "s1 because !y are comp\nds 9 :i* a plural ^w is pr9cipal1 & put la/1 are commonly us$ 9 ! plural numb] only1 & h1 9 /rict propriety1 no s+ul>4 ,?\gh ^! ?ree classes ( plurals may n be p]fectly sep>able1 ,i %all endeav\r to exhibit !m 9 ! ord] ( ?is explanation4 #a4 ,plurals 9 mean+ & =m3 analects1 annals1#add ar*ives1 a%es1 assets1 billi>ds1 b[els1 bree*es1 cal5ds1 cates1 *ops1 clo!s1 compasses1 crants1 eaves1 emb]s1 e/ov]s1 =ceps1 giblets1 goggles1 greaves1 h>ds or hurds1 hemorrhoids1 ides1 mat9s1 nipp]s1 nones1 obsequies1 orgies1#ade piles1 p9c]s or p9*]s1 pli]s1 re9s1 scissors1 %e>s1 skittles1 snuff]s1 spectacles1 te5s1 tongs1 tr[s]s1 tweez]s1 umbles1 vesp]s1 victuals4 #b4 ,plurals by =mation1 d]iv$ *iefly f adjectives3 ac\/ics1 a]onautics1 analytics1 bitt]s1 catoptrics1 commons1 conics1 cr$5tials1 delicates1 dioptrics1 economics1 e?ics1 extraord9>ies1 fil+s1 fives1 fre%es1 gl&]s1 gnomonics1 goods1 h]m5eutics1 hu/+s1 hydrodynamics1 hydro/atics1 hydraulics1 hy/]ics1 inw>ds1 leav+s1 magnetics1 ma!matics1 measles1 me*anics1 mnemonics1 m]ils1 metaphysics1 middl+s1 movables1 mumps1 nuptials1 optics1 phonics1 phonetics1 physics1#adf pneumatics1 poetics1 politics1 ri*es1 rickets1 settl+s1 %att]s1 skimm+s1 sph]ics1 /agg]s1 /atics1 /ati/ics1 /ays1 /rangles1 sundries1 sweep+s1 tactics1 ?anks1 tid+s1 trapp+s1 vives1 vitals1 wages1#adg )]s1 yell[s4 #c4 ,plurals by composition3 back/airs1 cockle/airs1 fire>ms1#adh headqu>t]s1 hotcockles1 spatt]da%es1 self-affairs4 ,to ^! may be add$ ! ,lat9 words1 aborig9es1 antipodes1 antes1 antoeci1 amphiscii1 an?ropophagi1 antiscii1 ascii1 lit]ati1 fauces1 regalia1 & cr$5da1 ) ! ,italian v]micelli1 & ! ,fr5* belles-lettres & entremets4 ,,obs4 #bi4--,!re are sev]al n\ns :i* are set d[n by "s writ]s z want+ ! s+ul>1 & by o!rs z hav+ x4 ,( ?is class are ! foll[+3 am5ds1#adi anci5ts1 awns1 bots1 catacombs1 *ives1 cloves1 cresses1 dogse>s1 d[ns1 dregs1#aej entrails1 fett]s1 fireworks1 gre5s1 gyves1 hat*es1 inte/9es1 lees1#aea lungs1 mal&]s1 mall[s1 mod]ns1 oats1 orts1 pleiads1 premises1 relics1 rema9s1 %ackles1 %ambles1#aeb /ilts1 /airs1 t>es1 vet*es4 ,! fact is1 t ^! words h1 or ought to h1 ! s+ul>1 z (t5 z !re is any occasion to use x2 & ! same may1 9 g5]al t]ms1 be said ( o!r n\ns1 respect+ ! =mation ( ! plural4#aec ,= :]e ! idea ( unity or plurality comes cle>ly be=e ! m9d1 we are v apt to %ape ! ^w accord+ly1 )\t ?9k+ mu* ab\t ! au?orities we c quote = x4 ,,obs4 #cj4--;,9 g5]al1 :]e bo? numb]s exi/ 9 common use1 !re is "s palpable on5ess or individuality1 to :i* ! article a or an is applicable2 ! nature ( ! species is f\nd entire 9 e individual ( x2 & a multiplication ( ! individuals gives rise to plurality 9 ! "n4 ,b ! nature ( a mass1 or ( an indef9ite multitude tak5 collectively1 is n f\nd 9 individuals z su*2 nor is ! "n1 :e!r s+ul>1 z gold1 or plural1 z a%es1 s und]/ood4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh e n\n mu/ be ( "o numb] or ! o!r1 !re are _m :i* h little or no ne$ ( bo?4 ,?us we commonly speak ( :eat1 b>ley1 or oats1 collectively2 & v seldom f9d occasion = any o!r =ms ( ^! words4 ,b *aff]]s at ! corn-m>ket1 9 spite ( ,cobbett1#aed w talk ab\t :eats & b>leys1 mean+ diff]5t k9ds#aee or qualities2 & a g>d5]1 if he pleases1 w tell ( an oat1 7z does ,milton1 9 8 ,lycidas17 mean+ a s+le se$ or plant4 ,b1 because :eat or b>ley g5]ally means t sort ( gra9 9 mass1 if he w m5tion a s+le k]nel1 he mu/ call x a gra9 ( :eat or a b>leycorn4 ,& ^! he may readily make plural1 to specify any p>ticul> numb]2 z1 five gra9s ( :eat1 or ?ree b>leycorns4 ,,obs4 #ca4--,my *ief conc]n is ) g5]al pr9ciples1 b ! illu/ration ( ^! requires _m p>ticul> examples--ev5 f> m ?an ,i h room to quote4 ,! ^w am5ds is repres5t$ by ,murray & o!rs1 z be+ s+ul> z well z plural2 b ,web/]'s late diction>ies exhibit am5d z s+ul>1 & am5ds z plural1 ) def9itions t ne$lessly diff]1 ?\gh n mu*4 ,i judge an am5ds to be bad ,engli%2 & pref] ! regul> s+ul>1 an am5d4 ,! ^w is ( ,fr5* orig91 & is sometimes writt5 9 ,engli% ) a ne$less f9al e2 z1 ,b only to make a k9d ( hon\rable am5de to ,god4--,roll9's ,anci5t ,hi/41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bd4 ,! ^w rema9s ,dr4 ,web/] puts d[n z plural only1 & yet uses x himself 9 ! s+ul>3 ,! creation ( a ,dictator1 ev5 = a few mon?s1 w\ld h buri$ e rema9 ( fre$om4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #gj4 ,!re are also o!r au?orities = ?is usage1 & also = "s o!r n\ns t are commonly ?\ght to h no s+ul>2 z1 ,b ,duell+ is unlawful & murd]\s1 a rema9 ( ! anci5t ,go?ic b>b>ity4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #bf4 ,i grieve ) ! old1 = s _m additional inconv5i5ces1 m ?an _! small rema9 ( life seem$ de/9$ to und]go4--,,pope3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,a disjunctive syllogism is "o ^: major premise is disjunctive4--,h$ge's ,logic4 ,:]e %\ld he h ?is gold8 ,x is "s poor fragm5t1 "s sl5d] ort ( 8 rema9d]4--,,%ak43 ,timon ( ,a!ns4 ,,obs4 #cb4--,!re are sev]al n\ns :i* are usually alike 9 bo? numb]s4 ,?us1 de]1 folk1 fry1 g5try1 gr\se1 hose1 neat1 %eep1 sw9e1 v]m91 & re/1 7i4 e4 ! re/1 ! o!rs1 ! residue17 are regul> s+ul>s1 b !y are us$ also z plurals1 & t m frequ5tly4 ,aga91 alms1 aloes1 bell[s1 means1 news1 odds1 %ambles1 & species1 are prop] plurals1 b mo/ ( !m are (t5] con/ru$ z s+ul>s4 ,folk & fry are collective n\ns4 ,folk means p2 a folk1 a p3 z1 ,! ants are a p n /rong2--,! conies are b a feeble folk4--,prov41 xxx1 #be1 #bf4 ,he laid 8 h&s on a few sick folk1 & heal$ !m4--,m>k1 vi1 #e4 ,folks1 :i* ought to be ! plural ( folk1 & equival5t to peoples1 is n[ us$ ) ref]5ce to a plurality ( individuals1 & ! collective ^w seems liable to be entirely sup]s$$ by x4 ,a fry is a sw>m ( "y fi%es1 or ( any o!r little creatures liv+ 9 wat]3 s call$1 p]haps1 because _! motions (t5 make ! surface fry4 ,sev]al su* sw>ms might prop]ly be call$ fries2 b ?is =m c nev] be appli$ to ! individuals1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! o!r4 ,s num]\s 0 ! fry4--,c[p]4 ,! fry betake !mselves to ! neighb\r+ pools4--,qu>t]ly ,review4 ,y _c ?9k m contemptu\sly ( ^! g5try ?an !y 7 ?\ght ( by ! true prophets4--,watson's ,apology1 p4 #ic4 ,gr\se1 a hea?cock4--,johnson4 ,! 'squires 9 scorn w fly ! h\se ,= bett] game1 & look = gr\se4--,swift4 ,"h's an ,engli% tailor1 come hi!r = /eal+ out ( a ,fr5* hose4--,%ak4 ,he1 be+ 9 love1 c\ld n see to g>t] 8 hose4--,id4 ,=m]ly1 ! plural 0 hos53 ,!n ^! m5 7 b\nd1 9 _! coats1 _! hos51 & _! hats4--,dan41 iii1 #ba4 ,( %eep1 ,%akspe>e has us$ ! regul> plural3 ,two hot %eeps1 m>ry6--,love's ,lab\r ,lo/1 ,act ii1 ,sc4 #a4 ,:o bo? by 8 calf & 8 lamb w be kn[n1 ,may well kill a neat & a %eep ( 8 own4--,tuss]4 ,8 droves ( asses1 camels1 h]ds ( neat1 ,& flocks ( %eep1 grew %ortly twice z great4--,s&ys4 ,z a jewel ( gold 9 a sw9e's sn\t4--,prov41 xi1 #bb4 ,a h]d ( _m sw9e1 fe$+4--,matt41 viii1 #cj4 ,an idle p]son only lives to sp5d 8 "t1 & eat ! fruits ( ! e>?1 l a v]m9 or a wolf4--,taylor4 ,! head ( a wolf1 dri$ & hang$ up1 w sc>e away v]m94--,bacon4 ,*eslip1 a small v]m9 t lies "u /ones or tiles4--,,sk9n]3 9 ,joh4 & 9 ,web4 ,dict4 ,?is is fl\r1 ! re/ is bran4--,& ! re/ 7 bl9d$4--,rom41 xi1 #g4 ,! poor begg> ha? a j dem& ( an alms4--,swift4 ,?9e alms are come up = a memorial be=e ,god4--,acts1 x1 #d4 ,! draught ( air p]=m$ ! function ( a bell[s4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ii1 #bbc4 ,z ! bell[s d4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ii1 #aa4 ,! bell[s are burn$4--,j]41 vi1 #bi4 ,let a gall[s be made4--,e/h]1 v1 #ad4 ,mall[s are v useful 9 m$ic9e4--,wood's ,dict4 ,news1 says ,johnson1 is )\t ! s+ul>1 unless x be consid]$ z s+ul>4--,dict4 ,s is good news f a f> c\ntry4--,prov41 xxv1 #be4 ,evil news rides fa/1 :ile good news baits4--,milton4 ,:5 ,rhea he>d ^! news1 %e fl$4--,raleigh4 ,news 7 br\ght to ! que54--,hume's ,hi/41 iv1 #dbf4 ,! news ,i br+ are afflict+1 b ! consolation ) :i* !y are att5d$1 ought to mod]ate y\r grief4--,gil ,blas1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bj4 ,betwe5 ^! two cases !re are great odds4--,hook]4 ,:]e ! odds is consid]able4--,campbell4 ,det]m9+ on :i* side ! odds lie4--,locke4 ,! great] are ! odds t he mi/akes 8 au?or4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #a4 ,?\gh ?us an odds unequally !y meet4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #ghi4 ,prem95t by s mu* odds4--,milton4 ,to make a %ambles ( ! p>liam5t h\se4--,%ak4 ,! e>? has be51 f ! beg9n+1 a great ,aceldama1 a %ambles ( blood4--,*ri/ian's ,vade-,mecum1 p4 #f4 ,a %ambles s\nds s inconsi/5t1 ,i %\ld r say1 ,a %amble4 ,johnson says1 ! etymology ( ! ^w is unc]ta92 ,web/] ref]s x to ! ,saxon scamel3 x means a but*]'s /all1 a meat-m>ket2 & !re w\ld seem to be no good reason = ! s1 unless m ?an "o su* place is int5d$4 ,:o sells 8 subjects to ! %ambles ( a =eign p[]4--,pitt4 ,a special idea is call$ by ! s*ools a species4--,watts4 ,he int5de? ! c>e ( species1 or common natures4--,br[n4 ,,aloe1 7alo7 n42 plu4 ,,aloes4--,web/]'s ,dict41 & ,worce/]'s4 ,b x 0 aloe itself to lose ! rew>d4-- ,tupp]'s ,crock ( ,gold1 p4 #af4 ,b high 9 amphi!atre above1 ,8 arms ! ev]la/+ aloes ?rew4 --,campbell1 ,g4 ( ,w41 ii1 #aj4 ,,obs4 #cc4--,!re are "s n\ns1 :i*1 ?\gh really regul> 9 respect to possess+ ! two =ms = ! two numb]s1 are n free f irregul>ity 9 ! mann] ( _! application4 ,?us means is ! regul> plural ( mean2 &1 :5 ! ^w is put = m$iocrity1 middle po9t1 place1 or degree1 x takes bo? =ms1 ea* 9 its prop] s5se2 b :5 x signifies ?+s in/rum5tal1 or t :i* is us$ to effect an object1 mo/ writ]s use means = ! s+ul> z well z = ! plural3#aef z1 ,by ?is means--,by ^? means1 ) ref]5ce to "o m$iat+ cause2 &1 ,by ^! means1--,by ^? means1 ) ref]5ce to m ?an "o4 ,dr4 ,johnson says ! use ( means = mean is n v grammatical2 &1 among 8 examples = ! true use ( ! ^w1 he has ! foll[+3 ,pamela's noble he>t w\ld ne$s gratefully make kn[n ! valiant mean ( h] safety4--,sidney4 ,_! virtu\s conv]sation 0 a mean to "w ! hea!ns' conv]sion4--,hook]4 ,:e!r 8 wits %\ld by t mean h be5 tak5 f him4--,id4 ,i'll devise a mean to draw ! ,moor out ( ! way4--,%ak4 ,no place w please me s1 no mean ( dea?4--,id4 ,nature is made bett] by no mean1 b nature makes t mean4--,id4 ,dr4 ,l[? also que/ion$ ! propriety ( con/ru+ means z s+ul>1 & ref]r$ to ^! same au?ors z au?orities = pref]r+ ! regul> =m4 ,bu*anan insi/s t means is "r 9 ! plural only2 & t1 ,! s+ul> %\ld be us$ z p]fectly analog\s2 by ?is mean1 by t mean4--,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #ajc4 ,"l ,kames1 likewise1 appe>s by 8 practice to h be5 ( ! same op9ion3 ,( ?is ! *ild mu/ be s5sible intuitively1 = x has no o!r mean ( k4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ceg4 ,& 9 bo? ! same mean is employ$4--,ib4 ii1 #bga4 ,caleb ,alex&]1 too1 decl>es ?is means1 t means4 & a means1 to be ungrammatical4--,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,b common usage has gone aga9/ ! sugge/ions ( ^! critics1 & lat] gramm>ians h r confirm$ ! irregul>ity1 ?an attempt$ to re=m x4 ,,obs4 #cd4--,murray quotes sixte5 good au?orities to prove t means may be s+ul>2 b :e!r x ought to be s or n1 is /ill a disputable po9t4 ,pr9ciple is = ! regul> ^w mean1 & good practice fav\rs ! irregul>ity1 b is /ill divid$4 ,cobbett1 to ! disgrace ( gramm>1 says1 ,mean1 z a n\n1 is nev] us$ 9 ! s+ul>4 ,x1 l "s o!r words1 has brok5 loose f all pr9ciple & rule4 ,by univ]sal cons5t1 x is become always a plural1 :e!r us$ ) s+ul> or plural pron\ns & articles1 or n4--,e4 ,gram41 p4 #add4 ,?is is z ungrammatical1 z x is untrue4 ,bo? mean & means are suffici5tly au?oriz$ 9 ! s+ul>3 ,! prospect :i* by ?is mean is op5$ to y4--,melmo?'s ,cic]o4 ,fai? 9 ?is doctr9e nev] t]m9ates 9 itself1 b is a mean1 to hol9ess z an end4--,dr4 ,*alm]s1 ,s]mons1 p4 v4 ,! mean ( basely affront+ him4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #ai4 ,!y us$ e mean to prev5t ! re-e/abli%m5t ( _! religion4--,dr ,jamieson's ,sacr$ ,hi/41 i1 p4 #bj4 ,z a necess>y mean to prep>e m5 = ! dis*>ge ( t duty4-- ,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #aec4 ,greate/ is ! p[] ( a mean1 :5 its p[] is lea/ suspect$4--,tupp]'s ,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #cg4 ,to ! delib]ative orator ! reputation ( unsulli$ virtue is n only useful1 z a mean ( promot+ 8 g5]al influ5ce1 x is also among 8 mo/ effici5t eng9es ( p]suasion1 ^u e individual occasion4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,lectures on ,rhetoric & ,oratory1 i1 #ceb4 ,i w\ld urge x ^u y1 z ! mo/ effectual mean ( ext5d+ y\r respectability & usefulness 9 ! _w4--,ib41 ii1 #cie4 ,ex]cise w be admitt$ to be a necess>y mean ( improvem5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cdc4 ,& by t means we h n[ an e>ly prepossession 9 _! fav\r4--,ib41 p4 #cdh4 ,to aboli% all sacrifice by reveal+ a bett] mean ( reconciliation4 --,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #df4 ,z a mean ( de/roy+ ! di/9ction4 --,ib41 p4 #c4 ,:i* h[ev] is by no mean univ]sally ! case4-- ,religi\s ,_w ,display$1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #aee4 ,,obs4 #ce4--;,aga91 !re are "s n\ns1 :i*1 ?\gh !y d n lack ! regul> plural =m1 are sometimes us$ 9 a plural s5se )\t ! plural t]m9ation4 ,?us mann] makes ! plural mann]s1 :i* la/ is n[ g5]ally us$ 9 ! peculi> s5se ( behavi\r1 or deportm5t1 b n always3 x sometimes means me?ods1 modes1 or ways2 z1 ,at sundry times & 9 div]s mann]s4--,heb41 i1 #a4 ,9 ! mann]s above m5tion$4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ajj4 ,!re be ?ree mann]s ( trials 9 ,engl&4--,,c[ell3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,jury4 ,^! two mann]s ( repres5tation4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,^! are ! ?ree prim>y modes1 or mann]s1 ( expression4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,9 arrangem5t1 too1 v>i\s mann]s suit v>i\s /yles4--,campbell's ,phil4 ( ,rhet41 p4 #agb4 ,betwe5 ! two mann]s4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #ce4 ,"h are ?ree diff]5t mann]s ( ass]t+4-- ,b>n>d's ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,b mann] has (t5 be5 put = sorts1 )\t ! s2 z1 ,! tree ( life1 :i* b>e twelve mann] ( fruits4--,rev41 xxii1 #b4 ,all mann] ( m5 assembl$ "h 9 arms4--,%ak4 ,all mann] ( outw>d advantages4--,att]bury4 ,milton us$ k9d 9 ! same way1 b n v prop]ly2 z1 ,all k9d ( liv+ creatures4--,p4 ,lo/1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #bhf4 ,?is irregul>ity x w\ld be well to avoid4 ,mann]s may /ill1 p]haps1 be prop] = modes or ways2 & all mann]1 if all[$1 mu/ be tak5 9 ! s5se ( a collective n\n2 b = sorts1 k9ds1 classes1 or species1 ,i w\ld use nei!r ! plural nor ! s+ul> ( ?is ^w4 ,! ^w hea!n1 too1 makes ! regul> plural hea!ns1 & yet is (t5 us$ 9 a plural s5se )\t ! s2 z1 ,:y d ! hea!n rage8--,psalms1 ii1 #a4 ,*ri/ianity 0 =m]ly propagat$ among ! hea!ns4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bag4 ,! ^w y\?1 likewise1 has ! same peculi>ities4 ,,obs4 #cf4--,"u ! pres5t head come names ( fi%es1 birds1 or o!r ?+s1 :5 ! application ( ! s+ul> is ext5d$ f ! individual to ! species1 s z to sup]s$e ! plural by assum+ its con/ruction3 z1 ,s+4 ,a great fi%4--,jonah1 i1 #ag4 ,plur4 ,= ! multitude ( fi%es'4--,john1 xxi1 #f4 ,a v great multitude ( fi%4--,ezekiel1 xlvii1 #i4aeg ,! "n ( ! g5us be+ liable to ?is la/ con/ruction1 m5 seem to h ?\ght t ! species %\ld foll[2 consequ5tly1 ! regul> plurals ( "s v common names ( fi%es are sc>cely kn[n at all4 ,h5ce "s gramm>ians affirm1 t salmon1 mack]el1 h]r+1 p]*1 t5*1 & sev]al o!rs1 are alike 9 bo? numb]s1 & ought nev] to be us$ 9 ! plural =m4 ,i am n s fond ( hon\r+ ^! anomalies4 ,usage is "h z unsettl$1 z x is arbitr>y2 &1 if ! expression ( plurality is to be limit$ to ei!r =m exclusively1 ! regul> plural ought c]ta9ly to be pref]r$4 ,b1 = fi% tak5 9 bulk1 ! s+ul> =m seems m appropriate2 z1 ,^! vessels take f ?irty-eight to =ty-five qu9tals ( cod & pollock1 & six ?\s& b>rels ( mack]el1 ye>ly4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bh4 ,,obs4 #cg4--,! foll[+ examples w illu/rate ! unsettl$ usage j m5tion$1 & f !m ! read] may judge = himself :at is "r4 ,9 quot+1 at second-h&1 ,i g5]ally ?9k x prop] to make d\ble ref]5ces2 & especially 9 cit+ au?orities aft] ,johnson1 because he s (t5 gives ! same passages v>i\sly4 ,b he himself is reckon$ good au?ority 9 ?+s lit]>y4 ,be x s4 ,i regret ! _m pro(s ( 8 fallibility4 ,he> y ?is ,triton ( ! m9n[s8--,%ak4 ,! %oal ( h]r+s 0 ( an imm5se ext5t4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #ahe4 ,buy my h]r+ fre%4--,,swift3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,9 ! fi%]ies ( ,ma9e1 cod1 h]r+1 mack]el alewives1 salmon1 & o!r fi%1 are tak54--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bc4 ,,mease1 n4 ,! quantity ( #ejj2 z1 a mease ( h]r+s4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,we %all h pl5ty ( mack]el ?is season4--,,addison3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,mack>el is ! same 9 bo? numb]s4 ,gay has improp]ly mack>els4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bjh4 ,!y take salmon & tr\ts by grop+ & tickl+ !m "u ! bellies4--,,c>ew3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,! pond w keep tr\t & salmon 9 _! seasonable plight4--,id41 ib41 w4 ,tr\t4 ,"s fi% are pres]v$ fre% 9 v9eg>1 z turbot4--,id41 ib41 w4 ,turbot4 ,"s fi% are boil$ & pres]v$ fre% 9 v9eg>1 z tunny & turbot4--,id41 ib41 w4 ,tunny4 ,( r\nd fi%1 !re are brit1 sprat1 b>n1 smelts4--,id41 ib41 w4 ,smelt4 ,= sprats & spurl+s = y\r h\se4--,,tussee3 ib41 w4 ,spurl+4 ,! coa/ is pl5tifully /or$ ) pil*>ds1 h]r+s1 & haddock4--,,c>ew3 ib41 w4 ,haddock4 ,! coa/ is pl5tifully /or$ ) r\nd fi%1 pil*>d1 h]r+1 mack]el1 & cod--,id41 ib41 w4 ,h]r+4 ,! coa/ is pl5tifully /or$ ) %ellfi%1 sea-h$gehogs1 scallops1 pil*]d1 h]r+1 & pollock4--,id41 ib41 w4 ,pollock4 ,a roa* is a fi% ( no great reputation = 8 da9ty ta/e4 ,x is not$ t roa*es recov] /r5g? & gr[ a =tnight aft] spawn+4--,,walton3 ib41 w4 ,roa*4 ,a fri5d ( m9e /or$ a pond ( ?ree or f\r acres ) c>ps & t5*4--,,hale3 ib41 w4 ,c>p4 ,hav+ /or$ a v great pond ) c>ps1 t5*1 & o!r pond-fi%1 & only put 9 two small pikes1 ?is pair ( tyrants 9 sev5 ye>s dev\r$ ! :ole4--,id41 ib41 w4 ,t5*4 ,s+ul>1 t5*2 plural1 t5*es4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,! pol> be> preys ^u seals1 fi%1 & ! c>casses ( :ales4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #agb4 ,tr\ts & salmons swim aga9/ ! /ream4--,,bacon3 ,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ',tis true no turbots dignify my bo>ds1 ,b gudgeons1 fl\nd]s1 :at my ,?ames af=ds4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #ch4--,prom ! =ego+ examples x w\ld seem1 if fi% or fi%es are (t5 spok5 ( )\t a regul> di/9ction ( ! grammatical numb]s1 x is n because ! words are n susceptible ( ! inflection1 b because !re is "s diff]5ce ( mean+ betwe5 ! m]e "n ( ! sort & ! di/9ct modification 9 reg>d to numb]4 ,!re are also o!r n\ns 9 :i* a l diff]5ce may be obs]v$4 ,"s names ( build+ mat]ials1 z brick1 /one1 plank1 joi/1 ?\gh n de/itute ( regul> plurals1 z bricks1 /ones1 planks1 joi/s1 & n unadapt$ to ideas di/9ctly s+ul>1 z a brick1 a /one1 a plank1 a joi/1 are nev]!less sometimes us$ 9 a plural s5se )\t ! s1 & sometimes 9 a s5se :i* seems h>dly to embrace ! idea ( ei!r numb]2 z1 ,let u make brick1 & burn !m ?or\ghly4--,g541 xi1 #c4 ,& !y _h brick = /one4--,ib4 ,! tale ( bricks4--,exod41 v1 #h & #ah4 ,make brick4--,ib41 v1 #af4 ,f y\r bricks4--,ib41 v1 #ai4 ,^u alt>s ( brick4--,isaiah4 lxv1 #c4 ,! bricks are fall5 d[n4--,ib41 ix1 #aj4 ,! same v>iety ( usage occurs 9 respect to a few o!r words1 & sometimes p]haps )\t good reason2 z1 ,va/ numb]s ( sea f[l frequ5t ! rocky cliffs4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bca4 ,bullocks1 %eep1 & f[ls4--,ib41 p4 #dci4 ,cannon is us$ alike 9 bo? numb]s4--,ev]e/'s ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,cannon & %ot may be us$ 9 ! s+ul> or plural s5se4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,! column 9 ! ,place ,v5dome is "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r feet high1 & is made ( ! brass ( ! cannons tak5 f ! ,au/rians & ,prussians4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bdi4 ,z 8 cannons ro>4--,dryd5's ,poems1 p4 #ha4 ,tw5ty %ot ( 8 greate/ cannon4--,,cl>5don3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,tw5ty %ots w\ld "h1 ,i ?9k1 be m prop]1 ?\gh ! ^w is n made plural :5 x means little balls ( lead4 ,& cannons conqu] armies4--,hudibras1 ,"p ,,iii1 ,canto iii1 l4 #bdi4 ,heal?s to bo? k+s1 att5d$ ) ! ro> ,( cannons e*o$ f ?' affright$ %ore4--,wall]1 p4 #g4 ,,obs4 #ci4--,( =eign n\ns1 _m reta9 _! orig9al plural2 a few are defective2 & "s are r$undant1 because ! ,engli% =m is also 9 use4 ,our writ]s h laid _m languages "u contribution1 & ?us furni%$ an abundance ( irregul> words1 necess>y to be expla9$1 b nev] to be ackn[l$g$ z ,engli% till !y con=m to our own rules4 #a4 ,( n\ns 9 a1 saliva1 spittle1 & scoria1 dross1 h no occasion = ! plural2 lam9a1 a ?9 plate1 makes lam92 macula1 a spot1 macul2 m9utia1 a little ?+1 m9uti2 nebula1 a mi/1 nebul2 siliqua1 a pod1 siliqiu4 ,dogma makes dogmas or dogmata2 exan!ma1 exan!mas or exan!mata2 miasm or miasma1 miasms or miasmata2 /igma1 /igmas or /igmata4 #b4 ,( n\ns 9 um1 "s h no ne$ ( ! plural2 z1 bdellium1 decorum1 elysium1 equilibrium1 guaiacum1 laudanum1 odium1 opium1 petroleum1 s]um1 viaticum4 ,"s =m x regul>ly2 z1 asylums1 comp5diums1 craniums1 emporiums1 encomiums1 =ums1 fru/ums1 lu/rums1 mausoleums1 museums1 p5dulums1 no/rums1 ro/rums1 residuums1 vacuums4 ,o!rs take ei!r ! ,engli% or ! ,lat9 plural2 z1 desid]atums or desid]ata1 m$iums or m$ia1 m5/ruums or m5/rua1 memor&ums or memor&a1 spectrums or spectra1 speculums or specula1 /ratums or /rata1 succ$aneums or succ$anea1 trapeziums or trapezia1 v9culums or v9cula4 ,a few seem to h ! ,lat9 plural only3 z1 arcanum1 arcana2 datum1 data2 effluvium1 effluvia2 erratum1 errata2 s*olium1 s*olia4 #c4 ,( n\ns 9 u1 a few h no plural2 z1 asp>agus1 calamus1 mucus4 ,"s h only ! ,lat9 plural1 :i* usually *anges u to i2 z1 alumnus1 alumni2 &rogynus1 &rogyni2 calculus1 calculi2 dracunculus1 dracunculi2 e*9us1 e*9i2 magus1 magi4 ,b su* z h prop]ly become ,engli% words1 may =m ! plural regul>ly 9 es2 z1 *orus1 *oruses3 s1 app>atus1 bolus1 callus1 circus1 fetus1 focus1 fucus1 fungus1 hiatus1 ignoramus1 impetus1 incubus1 i/hmus1 nautilus1 nucleus1 prospectus1 rebus1 s9us1 surplus4 ,five ( ^! make ! ,lat9 plural l ! s+ul>2 b ! m]e ,engli% s*ol> has no occasion to be told :i* !y are4 ,radius makes ! plural radii or radiuses4 ,g5ius has g5ii1 = imag9>y spirits1 & g5iuses1 = m5 ( wit4 ,g5us1 a sort1 becomes g5]a 9 ,lat91 & g5uses 9 ,engli%4 ,d5>ius makes1 9 ! plural1 d5>ii or d5>iuses4 #d4 ,( n\ns 9 is1 "s are regul>2 z1 trellis1 trellises3 s1 annolis1 butt]is1 caddis1 d]vis1 iris1 m>quis1 metropolis1 portcullis1 proboscis4 ,"s seem to h no ne$ ( ! plural2 z1 amb]gris1 aqua-=tis1 ar?ritis1 brewis1 crasis1 elephantiasis1 g5esis1 orris1 siriasis1 t5nis4 ,b mo/ n\ns ( ?is end+ foll[ ! ,greek or ,lat9 =m1 :i* simply *anges is to es3 z1 amanu5sis1 amanu5ses2 analysis1 analyses2 anti!sis1 anti!ses2 axis1 axes2 basis1 bases2 crisis1 crises2 diresis1 direses2 diesis1 dieses2 ellipsis1 ellipses2 emphasis1 emphases2 fascis1 fasces2 hypo!sis1 hypo!ses2 metamorphosis1 metamorphoses2 oasis1 oases2 p>5!sis1 p>5!ses2 phasis1 phases2 praxis1 praxes2 synopsis1 synopses2 syn!sis1 syn!ses2 syrtis1 syrtes2 !sis1 !ses4 ,9 "s1 h[ev]1 ! orig9al plural is n s =m$2 b is made by *ang+ is to ides2 z1 aphis1 aphides2 apsis1 apsides2 asc>is1 asc>ides2 bolis1 bolides2 can?>is1 can?>ides2 *rysalis1 *rysalides2 ephem]is1 ephem]ides2 epid]mis1 epid]mides4 ,s iris & proboscis1 :i* we make regul>2 & p]haps "s ( ! =ego+ may be made s too4 ,fi%] writes ,praxises = praxes1 ?\gh n v prop]ly4 ,see 8 ,gram1 p4 v4 ,eques1 a ,roman knight1 makes equites 9 ! plural4 #e4 ,( n\ns 9 x1 !re are few1 if any1 :i* ought n to =m ! plural regul>ly1 :5 us$ z ,engli% words2 ?\gh ! ,lat9s *ang$ x to ces1 & ex to ices1 mak+ ! i sometimes long & sometimes %ort3 z1 apex1 apices1 = apexes2 app5dix1 app5dices1 = app5dixes2 calix1 calices1 = calixes2 calx1 calces1 = calxes2 calyx1 calyces1 = calyxes2 caudex1 caudices1 = caudexes2 cicatrix1 cicatrices1 = cicatrixes2 helix1 helices1 = helixes2 index1 indices1 = indexes2 matrix1 matrices1 = matrixes2 qu9cunx1 qu9cunces1 = qu9cunxes2 radix1 radices1 = radixes2 v>ix1 v>ices1 = v>ixes2 v]tex1 v]tices1 = v]texes2 vortex1 vortices1 = vortexes4 ,"s ,greek words 9 x *ange t lett] to ges2 z1 l>ynx1 l>ynges1 = l>9xes2 phalanx1 phalanges1 = phalanxes4 ,billet-d\x1 f ! ,fr5*1 is billets-d\x 9 ! plural4 #f4 ,( n\ns 9 on1 d]iv$ f ,greek1 ! great] "p always =m ! plural regul>ly2 z1 etymons1 gnomons1 i*neumons1 myrmidons1 phlegmons1 trigons1 tetragons1 p5tagons1 hexagons1 heptagons1 octagons1 enneagons1 decagons1 h5decagons1 dodecagons1 polygons4 ,s trih$rons1 tetrah$rons1 p5tah$rons1 c41 ?\gh "s say1 ^! la/ may end 9 dra1 :i* ,i ?9k improp]4 ,= a few words ( ?is class1 h[ev]1 !re are d\ble plurals 9 use2 z1 automata or atomatons1 crit]ia or crit]ions1 p>helia or p>helions2 & ! plural ( ph5om5on appe>s to be always ph5om5a4 #g4 ,! plural ( legum5 is legum5s or legum9a2 ( /am51 /am5s or /am9a3 ( *]ub1 *]ubs or *]ubim2 ( s]aph1 s]aphs or s]aphim2 ( beau1 beaus or beaux2 ( b&it1 b&its or b&itti4 ,! regul> =ms are 9 g5]al pref]able4 ,! ,hebrew plurals *]ubim & s]aphim1 be+ sometimes mi/ak5 = s+ul>s1 o!r plurals h be5 =m$ f !m2 z1 ,& ov] x ! *]ubims ( glory4--,heb4 ix1 #e4 ,!n fl[ "o ( ! s]aphims unto me4--,isaiah1 vi1 #f4 ,dr4 ,campbell rem>ks3 ,we are au?oriz$1 bo? by use & by analogy1 to say ei!r *]ubs & s]aphs1 accord+ to ! ,engli% idiom1 or *]ubim & s]aphim1 accord+ to ! ori5tal4 ,! =m] suits bett] ! famili>1 ! latt] ! solemn /yle4 ,i %all add to ?is rem>k1 says he1 t1 z ! words *]ubim & s]aphim are plural1 ! t]ms *]ubims & s]aphims1 z express+ ! plural1 are q improp]4--,phil4 ( ,rhet41 p4 #bja4 ,,obs4 #dj4--,:5 o!r p>ts ( spee* become n\ns1 !y ei!r want ! plural1 or =m x regul>ly1#aeh l common n\ns ( ! same end+s2 z1 ,8 affairs w5t on at sixes & sev5s4--,arbu?not4 ,"s ma!maticians h propos$ to compute by twoes2 o!rs1 by f\rs2 o!rs1 by twelves4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,?ree f\r?s1 n9e t5?s4--,ib41 p4 #bcj4 ,"t's tak+s & leav+s4-- ,b>ton4 ,! yeas & nays4--,newspap]4 ,! ays & noes4--,ib4 ,oes & spangles4--,bacon4 ,! ins & ! outs4--,newspap]4--,we f9d x m safe aga9/ outs & d\bles4--,pr9t]'s ,gram4 ,8 &s & 8 ors4--,mott4 ,"o ( ! buts4--,f[le4 ,9 rais+ ! mir? ( /upids4--,/eele4 ,eat+s1 dr9k+s1 wak+s1 sleep+s1 walk+s1 talk+s1 say+s1 do+s--all 7 = ! good ( ! public2 !re 0 n su* a ?+s z a secret 9 ! t[n4--,,l&on3 ,keepsake1 #ahcc4 ,h] innoc5t =soo?s & yesses4--,spect41 ,no4 #bff4 ,h5ce=? my woo+ m9d %all be express$ ,9 russet yeas & hone/ k]sey noes4 --,,%ak4 ,see ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,k]sey4 ,,g5d]s4 ,g5d]s1 9 gramm>1 are modifications t di/+ui% objects 9 reg>d to sex4 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s2 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 & ! neut]4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d2 z1 man1 fa!r1 k+4 ,! fem99e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! female k9d2 z1 woman1 "m1 que54 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female2 z1 p51 ink1 pap]4 ,h5ce1 names ( males are mascul9e2 names ( females1 fem99e2 & names ( ?+s inanimate1 lit]ally1 neut]4 ,mascul9e n\ns make regul> fem99es1 :5 _! t]m9ation is *ang$ to ess3 z1 hunt]1 huntress2 pr9ce1 pr9cess2 lion1 lioness4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! diff]5t g5d]s 9 gramm> are f\nd$ on ! natural di/9ction ( sex 9 animals1 & on ! abs5ce ( sex 9 o!r ?+s4 ,9 ,engli%1 !y belong only to n\ns & pron\ns2 & to ^! !y are usually appli$1 n arbitr>ily1 z 9 "s o!r languages1 b agreeably to ! ord] ( nature4 ,f ?is we d]ive a v /rik+ advantage ov] ^? :o use ! g5d] diff]5tly1 or )\t su* rule2 :i* is1 t our pron\ns are easy ( application1 & h a f9e effect :5 objects are p]sonifi$4 ,pron\ns are ( ! same g5d] z ! n\ns = :i* !y /&4 ,,obs4 #b4--,_m n\ns are equally applicable to bo? sexes2 z1 c\s91 fri5d1 neighb\r1 p>5t1 p]son1 s]vant4 ,! g5d] ( ^! is usually det]m9$ by ! context2 & !y are to be call$ mascul9e or fem99e accord+ly4 ,to su* words1 "s gramm>ians h appli$ ! unnecess>y & improp] t]m common g5d]4 ,murray ju/ly obs]ves1 ,!re is no su* g5d] belong+ to ! language4 ,! bus9ess ( p>s+ c be effectually p]=m$1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to a common g5d]4--,gram41 #hvo4 p4 #ci4 ,! t]m is m useful1 & less liable to objection1 z appli$ to ! le>n$ languages2 b ) u1 ^: g5d]s di/+ui% objects 9 reg>d to sex1 x is pla9ly a solecism4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,a great _m ( our gramm>s def9e g5d] to be ! di/9ction ( sex1 & !n speak ( a common g5d]1 9 :i* ! two sexes are left undi/+ui%$2 & ( ! neut] g5d]1 9 :i* objects are treat$ z be+ ( nei!r sex4 ,^! views ( ! matt] are obvi\sly inconsi/5t4 ,n g5d]s1 or a g5d]1 d ! writ]s und]take to def9e1 b g5d] z a :ole2 & absurdly en\gh1 too2 because ?is :ole ( g5d] !y imm$iately di/ribute into c]ta9 o!r g5d]s1 into g5d]s ( g5d]1 or k9ds ( g5d]1 & ^! n compatible ) _! def9ition4 ,?us ,wells3 ,g5d] is ! di/9ction ( objects1 ) reg>d to sex4 ,!re are f\r g5d]s2--! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 ! common1 & ! neut]4--,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #di4 ,^? ,n\ns :i* are applicable alike to bo? sexes1 are ( ! common g5d]4--,ib4 ,?is !n is manife/ly no g5d] "u ! =ego+ def9ition1 & ! t]m neut] is made some:at less appropriate by ! adoption ( a ?ird d5om9ation be=e x4 ,nor is !re less absurdity 9 ! phraseology ) :i* ,murray proposes to avoid ! recognition ( ! common g5d]3 ,?us we may say1 ,p>5ts is a n\n ( ! mascul9e & fem99e g5d]2 ,p>5t1 if d\btful1 is ( ! mascul9e or fem99e g5d]2 & ,p>5t1 if ! g5d] is kn[n by ! con/ruction1 is ( ! g5d] s asc]ta9$4--,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ci4 ,accord+ to ?is1 we mu/ h five g5d]s1 exclusive ( t :i* is call$ common2 namely1 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 ! neut]1 ! &rogynal1 & ! d\btful4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,x is pla9 t _m writ]s on gramm> h _h b a confus$ notion ( :at a g5d] really is4 ,"s ( !m1 conf\nd+ g5d] ) sex1 d5y t !re are m ?an two g5d]s1 because !re are only two sexes4 ,o!rs1 "u a l mi/ake1 resort occasionally1 7z 9 ! =ego+ in/ance17 to an &rogynal1 & also to a d\btful g5d]3 bo? ( :i* are m objectionable ?an ! common g5d] ( ! old gramm>ians2 ?\gh ?is common di/9ction ) reg>d to sex1 is1 9 our language1 confess$ly1 no di/9ction at all4 ,i assume1 t !re are 9 ,engli% ! ?ree g5d]s1 mascul9e1 fem99e1 & neut]1 & no m2 & t e n\n & e pron\n mu/ ne$s be ( "s g5d]2 consequ5tly1 ( "s "o ( ^! ?ree4 ,a g5d] is1 lit]ally1 a sort1 a k9d1 a sex4 ,b g5d]s1 9 gramm>1 are attributes ( words1 r ?an ( p]sons1 or animals1 or ?+s2 :]eas sexes are attributes1 n ( words1 b ( liv+ creatures4 ,he :o und]/&s ?is1 w p]ceive t ! abs5ce ( sex 9 "s ?+s1 is z good a basis = a grammatical di/9ction1 z ! pres5ce or ! diff]5ce ( x 9 o!rs2 nor c x be d5i$1 t ! neut]1 accord+ to my def9ition1 is a g5d]1 is a di/9ction 9 reg>d to sex1 ?\gh x does n embrace ei!r ( ! sexes4 ,!re are !re=e ?ree g5d]s1 & only ?ree4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,g5]ic names1 ev5 :5 con/ru$ z mascul9e or fem99e1 (t5 virtually include bo? sexes2 z1 ,ha/ ?\ giv5 ! horse /r5g?8 ha/ ?\ clo!d 8 neck ) ?und]8 ,can/ ?\ make him afraid z a gras%opp]8 ! glory ( 8 no/rils is t]rible4--,job1 xxxix1 #ai4 ,do? ! hawk fly by ?y wisdom1 & /ret* h] w+s t[>d ! s\?8 ,do? ! eagle m\nt up at ?y comm&1 & make h] ne/ on high8--,ib41 v]4 #bf4 ,^! 7 call$1 by ! old gramm>ians1 epic5e n\ns--t is1 sup]common2 b !y are to be p>s$ ea* accord+ to ! g5d] ( ! pron\n :i* is put = x4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! g5d] ( words1 9 _m in/ances1 is to be det]m9$ by ! foll[+ pr9ciple ( univ]sal gramm>4 ,^? t]ms :i* are equally applicable to bo? sexes1 7if !y are n expressly appli$ to females17 & ^? plurals :i* are kn[n to include bo? sexes1 %\ld be call$ mascul9e 9 p>s+2 =1 9 all languages1 ! mascul9e g5d] is consid]$ ! mo/ wor?y1#aei & is g5]ally employ$ :5 bo? sexes are includ$ "u "o common t]m4 ,?us p>5ts is always mascul9e1 & mu/ be repres5t$ by a mascul9e pron\n1 = ! g5d] ( a ^w is a prop]ty indivisible1 & t :i* ref]s to ! male sex1 always takes ! lead 9 su* cases4 ,if "o say1 ,joseph took ! "y *ild & 8 "m by night1 & fl$ ) !m into ,egypt1 ! pron\n !m w be mascul9e2 b let 8 be *ang$ to its1 & ! plural pron\n t foll[s1 w be fem99e4 ,= ! fem99e g5d] takes prec$5ce ( ! neut]1 b n ( ! mascul9e2 & x is n improp] to speak ( a "y *ild )\t designat+ ! sex4 ,z = su* s+ul>s z p>5t1 fri5d1 neighb\r1 ?ief1 slave1 & _m o!rs1 !y are fem99e :5 expressly appli$ to any ( ! female sex2 b o!rwise1 mascul9e4 ,,obs4 #g4--,n\ns ( multitude1 :5 !y convey ! idea ( unity or take ! plural =m1 are ( ! neut] g5d]2 b :5 !y convey ! idea ( plurality )\t ! =m1 !y foll[ ! g5d] ( ! individuals :i* compose ! assemblage4 ,?us a congress1 a c\ncil1 a committee1 a jury1 a sort1 or a sex1 if tak5 collectively1 is neut]2 be+ repres5t$ 9 disc\rse by ! neut] pron\n x3 & ! =mal plurals1 congresses1 c\ncils1 committees1 juries1 sorts1 sexes1 ( c\rse1 are neut] also4 ,b1 if ,i say1 ,! committee disgrac$ !mselves1 ! n\n & pron\n are presum$ to be mascul9e1 unless x be kn[n t ,i am speak+ ( a committee ( females4 ,aga93 ,! fair sex1 ^: task is n to m+le 9 ! lab\rs ( public life1 h _! own "p assign$ !m to act4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #acb4 ,"h sex1 & ! ?ree pron\ns :i* h t ^w = _! antec$5t1 are all fem99e4 ,aga93 ,ea* sex1 dress+ !mselves 9 ! clo!s ( ! o!r4--,wood's ,diction>y1 v4 ,fea/ ( ,purim4 ,"h sex1 & ! pron\n :i* foll[s1 are mascul9e2 because1 ! male sex1 z well z ! female1 is "h spok5 ( plurally4 ,,obs4 #h4--,to p]sons1 ( e description1 kn[n or unkn[n1 real or imag9>y1 we uni=mly ascribe sex4#afj ,b1 z p]sonality implies intellig5ce1 & sex supposes "s obvi\s diff]5ce1 a "y *ild may be spok5 ( ) di/9ction ( sex or )\t1 accord+ to ! notion ( ! speak]2 z1 ,i w5t to see ! *ild :il/ !y 7 putt+ on its cloa?s4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #abe4 ,because ! *ild has no idea ( any nurse besides 8 own4--,ib41 p4 #aec4 ,to brute animals also1 ! same di/9ction is g5]ally appli$1 ?\gh ) less uni=mity4 ,"s t are v small1 h a g5d] :i* seems to be m]ely occasional & figurative2 z1 ,g to ! ant1 ?\ slugg>d2 consid] h] ways1 & be wise4--,prov41 vi1 #f4 ,! spid] take? hold ) h] h&s1 & is 9 k+s' palaces4--,prov41 xxx1 #bh4 ,s ! bee is usually made fem99e1 be+ a little creature ( admirable indu/ry & economy4 ,b1 9 g5]al1 irrational creatures ^: sex is unkn[n1 or unnecess>y to be reg>d$1 are spok5 ( z neut]2 z1 ,& x became a s]p5t2 & ,moses fl$ f be=e x4 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,moses1 ,put =? ?9e h&1 & take x by ! tail4 ,& he put =? 8 h& & caught x1 & x became a rod 9 8 h&4--,exod41 iv1 #c1 #d4 ,"h1 al?\gh ! ^w s]p5t is sometimes mascul9e1 ! neut] pron\n seems to be m prop]4 ,s ( "s imag9>y creatures3 z1 ,ph5ix1 ! f[l :i* is said to exi/ s+le1 & to rise aga9 f its own a%es4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,s %all ! ,pho5ix escape1 ) no /a9 on its plumage4--,dr4 ,b>tlett's ,lect41 p4 #aj4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,b ?is lib]ty ( repres5t+ animals z ( no sex1 is (t5 c>ri$ to a v que/ionable ext5t2 z1 ,! h>e sleeps ) its eyes op54--,b>bauld4 ,! h$gehog1 z soon z x p]ceives itself attack$1 rolls itself into a k9d ( ball1 & pres5ts no?+ b its prickles to ! foe4--,blair's ,read]1 p4 #ach4 ,! pan!r is a f]oci\s creature3 l ! tig] x seizes its prey by surprise4--,ib41 p4 #ajb4 ,! leop>d1 9 its *ace ( prey1 sp>es nei!r man nor bea/4--,ib41 p4 #ajc4 ,if a man %all /eal an ox1 or a %eep1 & kill x1 or sell x4--,exod41 xxii1 #a4 ,a dog resi/s its in/9ct to run aft] a h>e1 because x recollects ! beat+ x has previ\sly receiv$ on t acc\nt4 ,! horse avoids ! /one at :i* x once has /umbl$4--,spurzheim1 on ,education1 p4 #c4 ,! racehorse is look$ ^u ) pleasure2 b x is ! w>horse1 t c>ries gr&eur 9 its idea4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cj4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! sexes are di/+ui%$ by words1 9 f\r diff]5t ways4 ,fir/1 by ! use ( diff]5t t]m9ations3 z1 ,jew1 ,jewess2 ,julius1 ,julia2 h]o1 h]o9e4 ,secondly1 by ! use ( entirely diff]5t names3 z1 ,h5ry1 ,m>y2 k+1 que54 ,?irdly1 by comp\nds or phrases includ+ "s di/9ctive t]m3 z1 ,mr4 ,murray1 ,mrs4 ,murray2 ,engli%man1 ,engli%woman2 gr&fa!r1 gr&mo!r2 l&lord1 l&lady2 m]man1 m]maid2 s]v+man1 s]v+maid2 man-s]vant1 maid-s]vant2 s*oolma/]1 s*oolmi/ress2 s*ool-boy1 s*ool-girl2 peacock1 peah52 cock-sp>r[1 h5-sp>r[2 he-goat1 %e-goat2 buck-rabbit1 doe-rabbit2 male elephant1 female elephant2 male convicts1 female convicts4 ,f\r?ly1 by ! pron\ns he1 81 him1 put = n\ns mascul9e2 & %e1 h]1 h]s1 = n\ns fem99e3 z1 ,ask him t flee?1 & h] t escape?1 & say1 ,:at is done8--,j]41 xlviii1 #ai4 ,o happy peasant6 ,oh unhappy b>d6 ,8 ! m]e t9sel1 h]s ! ri* rew>d4--,c[p]4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,= fem99e n\ns =m$ by inflection1 ! regul> t]m9ation is ess2 b ! mann] 9 :i* ?is end+ is appli$ to ! orig9al or mascul9e n\n1 is n uni=m3-- #a4 ,9 "s in/ances ! syllable ess is simply add$3 z1 accus]1 accus]ess2 advocate1 advocatess2 ar*]1 ar*]ess2 au?or1 au?oress2 av5g]1 av5g]ess2 b>b]1 b>b]ess2 b>on1 b>oness2 canon1 canoness2 cit1 cittess2#afa coheir1 coheiress2 c\nt1 c\ntess2 deacon1 deaconess2 demon1 demoness2 div9]1 div9]ess2 doctor1 doctoress2 giant1 giantess2 god1 goddess2 gu>dian1 gu>dianess2 ,hebrew1 ,hebrewess2 heir1 heiress2 h]d1 h]dess2 h]mit1 h]mitess2 ho/1 ho/ess2 ,jesuit1 ,jesuitess2 ,jew1 ,jewess2 mayor1 mayoress2 ,moabite1 ,moabitess2 mon>*1 mon>*ess2 pape1 papess2 or1 pope1 popess2 patron1 patroness2 pe]1 pe]ess2 poet1 poetess2 prie/1 prie/ess2 prior1 prioress2 prophet1 prophetess2 reg5t1 reg5tess2 sa9t1 sa9tess2 %eph]d1 %eph]dess2 soldi]1 soldi]ess2 tailor1 tailoress2 visc\nt1 visc\ntess2 w>rior1 w>rioress4 #b4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 ! t]m9ation is *ang$1 & !re is no increase ( syllables3 z1 abbot1 abbess2 actor1 actress2 adulator1 adulatress2 adult]]1 adult]ess2 adv5tur]1 adv5turess2 adv\tr]1 adv\tress2 ambassador1 ambassadress2 an*orite1 an*oress2 or1 ana*oret1 ana*oress2 arbit]1 arbitress2 auditor1 auditress2 b5efactor1 b5efactress2 cat]]1 cat]ess2 *ant]1 *antress2 cloi/]]1 cloi/]ess2 comm&]1 comm&ress2 conductor1 conductress2 creator1 creatress2 dem&]1 dem&ress2 detractor1 detractress2 eagle1 eagless2 editor1 editress2 elector1 electress2 emp]or1 emp]ess1 or empress2 emulator1 emulatress2 en*ant]1 en*antress2 exactor1 exactress2 fautor1 fautress2 =nicator1 =nicatress2 fo/]]1 fo/]ess1 or fo/ress2 f\nd]1 f\ndress2 gov]nor1 gov]ness2 huck/]1 huck/ress2 or1 huck/]]1 huck/]ess2 idolat]1 idolatress2 inhabit]1 inhabitress2 in/ructor1 in/ructress2 inv5tor1 inv5tress2 laund]]1 laund]ess1 or laundress2 m9i/]1 m9i/ress2 monitor1 monitress2 murd]]1 murd]ess2 negro1 negress2 (f5d]1 (f5dress2 ogre1 ogress2 port]1 portress2 prog5itor1 prog5itress2 protector1 protectress2 proprietor1 proprietress2 py?oni/1 py?oness2 seam/]1 seam/ress2 solicitor1 solicitress2 song/]1 song/ress2 sorc]]1 sorc]ess2 suitor1 suitress2 tig]1 tigress2 traitor1 traitress2 victor1 victress2 vot>y1 vot>ess4 #c4 ,9 a few in/ances ! fem99e is =m$ z 9 ,lat91 by *ang+ or to rix2 b "s ( ^! h also ! regul> =m1 :i* ought to be pref]r$3 z1 adjutor1 adjutrix2 adm9i/rator1 adm9i/ratrix2 arbitrator1 arbitratrix2 coadjutor1 coadjutrix2 competitor1 competitress1 or competitrix2 cr$itor1 cr$itrix2 director1 directress1 or directrix2 executor1 executress1 or executrix2 inh]itor1 inh]itress1 or inh]itrix2 m$iator1 m$iatress1 or m$iatrix2 orator1 oratress1 or oratrix2 rector1 rectress1 or rectrix2 spectator1 spectatress1 or spectatrix2 te/ator1 te/atrix2 tutor1 tutoress1 or tutress1 or tutrix2 des]t]1 des]tress1 or des]trice1 or des]trix4 #d4 ,! foll[+ are irregul> words1 9 :i* ! di/9ction ( sex is *iefly made by ! t]m9ation3 amoroso1 amorosa3 ar*duke1 ar*du*ess2 *amb]la91 *amb]maid2 duke1 du*ess2 gaff]1 gamm]2 goodman1 goody2 h]o1 h]o9e2 l&grave1 l&grav9e2 m>grave1 m>grav9e2 m>quis1 m>*ioness2 palsgrave1 palsgrav9e2 sak]et1 sak]hawk2 sew]1 sew/]2 sultan1 sultana2 tz>1 tz>9a2 tyrant1 tyranness2 wid[]1 wid[4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! prop] names ( p]sons almo/ always designate _! sex2 = x has be5 f\nd conv5i5t to make ! names ( wom5 diff]5t f ^? ( m54 ,we h also "s appellatives :i* correspond to ea* o!r1 di/+ui%+ ! sexes by _! di/9ct application to ea*3 z1 ba*elor1 maid2 beau1 belle2 boy1 girl2 bridegroom1 bride2 bro!r1 si/]2 buck1 doe2 bo>1 s[2 bull1 c[2 cock1 h52 colt1 filly2 dog1 bit*2 drake1 duck2 e>l1 c\ntess2 fa!r1 "m2 fri>1 nun2 g&]1 goose2 gr&sire1 gr&am2 h>t1 roe2 horse1 m>e2 husb&1 wife2 k+1 que52 lad1 lass2 "l1 lady2 male1 female2 man1 woman2 ma/]1 mi/ress2 ,mi/]1 ,missis2 7,mr41 ,mrs427 milt]1 spawn]2 monk1 nun2 nephew1 niece2 papa1 mamma2 rake1 jilt2 ram1 ewe2 ruff1 reeve2 sire1 dam2 sir1 madam2 slov51 slut2 son1 daught]2 /ag1 h9d2 /e]1 heif]2 swa91 nymph2 uncle1 aunt2 wiz>d1 wit*2 y\?1 damsel2 "y man1 maid54 ,,obs4 #ac4--,! p ( a p>ticul> c\ntry are commonly di/+ui%$ by "s "n d]iv$ f t ( _! c\ntry2 z1 ,am]icans1 ,africans1 ,egyptians1 ,russians1 ,turks4 ,su* words are sometimes call$ g5tile names4 ,!re are also adjectives1 ( ! same orig91 if n ! same =m1 :i* correspond ) !m4 ,g5tile names are = ! mo/ "p consid]$ z mascul9e1 & ! fem99e is d5ot$ by ! g5tile adjective & ! n\n woman3 z1 a ,spani>d1 a ,spani% woman2 a ,pole1 or ,pol&]1 a ,poli% woman4 ,b1 9 a few in/ances1 we always use a comp\nd ( ! adjective ) man or woman3 z1 an ,engli%man1 an ,engli%woman2 a ,wel%man1 a ,wel%woman2 an ,iri%man1 an ,iri%woman2 a ,fr5*man1 a ,fr5*woman2 a ,dut*man1 a ,dut*woman3 & 9 ^! cases ! adjective is employ$ z ! collective n\n2 z1 ! ,dut*1 ! ,fr5*1 c4 ,a ,scot*man1 & a ,scot1 are bo? 9 use2 b ! latt] is n common 9 prose writ]s3 ?\gh "s employ x1 & ^! g5]ally adopt ! plural1 ,scots1 ) ! def9ite article1 z ! collective t]m4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,! names ( ?+s )\t life1 us$ lit]ally1 are always ( ! neut] g5d]3 z1 ,:5 ,cleopatra fl$1 ,antony pursu$ h] 9 a five-o>$ galley2 &1 com+ along side ( h] %ip1 ent]$ x )\t be+ se5 by h]4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #afj4 ,! sun1 high z x is1 has its bus9ess assign$2 & s h ! />s4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ach4 ,b inanimate objects are (t5 repres5t$ figuratively z hav+ sex4 ,?+s rem>kable = p[]1 greatness1 or sublimity1 are spok5 ( z mascul9e2 z1 ! sun1 "t1 dea?1 sleep1 fe>1 ang]1 w9t]1 w>4 ,?+s beautiful1 amiable1 or prolific1 are spok5 ( z fem99e2 z1 a %ip1 ! moon1 ! e>?1 nature1 =tune1 k1 hope1 spr+1 peace4 ,figurative g5d] is indicat$ only by ! p]sonal pron\ns ( ! s+ul> numb]3 z1 ,:5 we say ( ! sun1 ,he is sett+2 or ( a %ip1 ,%e sails well4--,l4 ,murray4 ,= ^! two objects1 ! sun & a %ip1 ?is phraseology is s common1 t ! lit]al con/ruction quot$ above is r>ely met )4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,:5 any inanimate object or ab/ract quality is di/9ctly p]sonifi$1 & pres5t$ to ! imag9ation 9 ! "* ( a liv+ & intellig5t be+1 !re is necess>ily a *ange ( ! g5d] ( ! ^w2 =1 :5ev] p]sonality is ?us ascrib$ to :at is lit]ally neut]1 !re mu/ be an assumption ( "o or ! o!r sex3 z1 ,! ,g5ius ( ,lib]ty is awak5$1 & spr+s up2 %e %$s h] div9e light & creative p[]s ^u ! two hemisph]es4 ,a great nation1 a/oni%$ at see+ h]self free1 /ret*es h] arms f "o extremity ( ! e>? to ! o!r1 & embraces ! fir/ nation t became s4--,abb ,fau*et4 ,b !re is an inf]ior k9d ( p]sonification1 or ( :at is call$ su*1 9 :i*1 s f> z appe>s1 ! g5d] rema9s neut]3 z1 ,! foll[+ is an in/ance ( p]sonification & apo/rophe unit$3 ',o ?\ sword ( ! ,"l6 h[ long w x be ere ?\ be quiet8 put ?yself up into ?y scabb>d1 re/1 & be /ill6 ,h[ c x be quiet1 see+ ! ,"l ha? giv5 x a *>ge aga9/ ,askelon1 & aga9/ ! sea-%ore8 !re ha? he appo9t$ x4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cdh4 ,see ,j]41 xlvii1 #f4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,if :at is call$ p]sonification1 does n always imply a *ange ( g5d] & an ascription ( sex1 nei!r does a m]e ascription ( sex to :at is lit]ally ( no sex1 necess>ily imply a p]sonification2 = !re may be sex )\t p]sonality1 z we see 9 brute animals4 ,h5ce ! g5d] ( a brute animal p]sonifi$ 9 a fable1 may be tak5 lit]ally z be=e2 & ! g5d] :i* is figuratively ascrib$ to ! sun1 ! moon1 or a %ip1 is m]ely metaphorical4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 nature is animat$ & made fem99e by a metaphor1 :ile a lifeless object be>+ ! "n ( ,v5us1 is spok5 ( z neut]3 ,l t conceit ( old1 :i* decl>$ t ! ,v5us ( ,gnidos 0 n ! "w ( ,praxiteles1 s9ce nature h]self _h concret$ ! b\nd>y surface ( its beauty4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 xxv4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,9 p]sonifications reg>d mu/ be _h to propriety 9 det]m9+ ! g5d]4 ,( mo/ ( ! passions & moral qualities ( man ! anci5ts =m$ deities1 z !y did ( v>i\s o!r ?+s3 &1 :5 ^! are p]sonifi$1 !y are usually made male or female1 accord+ z !y 7 gods or goddesses 9 ! pagan my?ology4 ,! same rule applies 9 o!r cases3 & ?us ! planet ,jupit] w be mascul9e2 ,v5us1 fem99e3 ! ocean1 ,oceanus1 mascul9e3 riv]s1 mon?s1 & w9ds1 ! same3 ! names ( places1 c\ntries1 & isl&s1 fem99e4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,^! sugge/ions are wor?y ( consid]ation1 b1 = ! g5d] :i* ought to be adopt$ 9 p]sonifications1 !re seems to be no absolute g5]al rule1 or none :i* ,engli% writ]s h obs]v$ ) mu* uni=mity4 ,x is well1 h[ev]1 to consid] :at is mo/ common 9 ea* p>ticul> case1 & abide by x4 ,9 ! foll[+ examples1 ! sex ascrib$ is n t "u :i* ^! sev]al objects are commonly figur$2 = :i* reason1 ! s5t5ces are p]haps errone\s3-- ,k is pr\d t he has le>n'd s mu*2 ,wisdom is humble t he kn[s no m4--,c[p]4 ,b ho>y ,w9t]1 unadorn$ & b>e1 ,dwells 9 ! dire retreat1 & freezes !re2 ,!re %e assembles all h] blacke/ /orms1 ,& ! rude hail 9 rattl+ tempe/s =ms4--,addison4 ,h] p['r ext5ds o'er all ?+s t h brea?1 ,a cruel tyrant1 & h] "n is ,dea?4--,%effield4 ,,cases4 ,cases1 9 gramm>1 are modifications t di/+ui% ! relations ( n\ns or pron\ns to o!r words4 ,!re are ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b3 z1 ,! boy runs2 ,i run4 ,! subject ( a f9ite v]b is t :i* answ]s to :o or :at be=e x2 z1 ,! boy runs4--,:o runs8 ,! boy4 ,boy is !re=e "h 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,! possessive case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! relation ( prop]ty3 z1 ,! boy's hat2 my hat4 ,! possessive case ( n\ns is =m$1 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 by add+ to ! nom9ative s prec$$ by an apo/rophe2 &1 9 ! plural1 :5 ! nom9ative ends 9 s1 by add+ an apo/rophe only3 z1 s+ul>1 boy's2 plural1 boys'2--s\nd$ alike1 b writt5 diff]5tly4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition3 z1 ,i "k ! boy1 hav+ se5 him at s*ool2 & he kn[s me4 ,! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition1 is t :i* answ]s to :om or :at aft] x2 z1 ,i "k ! boy4--,i "k :om8 ,! boy4 ,boy is !re=e "h 9 ! objective case4 ,! nom9ative & ! objective ( n\ns1 are always alike 9 =m1 be+ di/+ui%able f ea* o!r only by _! place 9 a s5t5ce1 or by _! simple dep5d5ce accord+ to ! s5se4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! cases1 9 gramm>1 are f\nd$ on ! diff]5t relations "u :i* ?+s are repres5t$ 9 disc\rse2 & f :i* ! words acquire correspond5t relations2 or connexions & dep5d5ces accord+ to ! s5se4 ,9 ,lat91 !re are six cases2 & 9 ,greek1 five4 ,consequ5tly1 ! n\ns & pron\ns ( ^? languages1 & also _! adjectives & p>ticiples1 7:i* la/ are /ill f>!r inflect$ by ! ?ree g5d]s17 are v>i$ by _m diff]5t t]m9ations unkn[n to our tongue4 ,9 ,engli%1 ^? modifications or relations :i* we call cases1 belong only to n\ns & pron\ns2 nor are !re ev] m ?an ?ree4 ,pron\ns are n necess>ily l _! antec$5ts 9 case4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,because ! inf9itive mood1 a phrase1 or a s5t5ce1 may 9 "s in/ances be made ! subject ( a v]b1 s z to /& 9 t relation 9 :i* ! nom9ative case is mo/ commonly f\nd2 v _m ( our gramm>ians h delib]ately repres5t$ all t]ms us$ 9 ?is mann]1 z be+ 9 ! nom9ative case3 z if1 to su/a9 any "o ( ! relations :i* are usually di/+ui%$ by a p>ticul> case1 mu/ necess>ily con/itute t modification itself4 ,_m also w h p>ticiples1 inf9itives1 phrases1 & s5t5ces1 to be occasionally 9 ! objective case3 :]eas x mu/ be pla9 to e read]1 t !y are1 all ( !m1 indecl9able t]ms2 & t1 if us$ 9 any relation common to n\ns or pron\ns1 !y assume t (fice1 z p>ticiples1 z inf9itives1 z phrases1 or z s5t5ces1 & n z cases4 ,!y no m take ! nature ( cases1 ?an !y become n\ns or pron\ns4 ,yet ,nixon1 by assum+ t (1 ) ! ^w gov]n$ by x1 con/itutes a possessive case1 contrives to give to p>ticiples1 & ev5 to ! inf9itive mood1 all ?ree ( ! cases4 ,( ! inf9itive1 he says1 ,an exam9ation ( ! fir/ & second me?ods ( p>s+ ?is mood1 mu/ naturally lead to ! inf]5ce t x is a sub/antive2 & t1 if x has ! nom9ative case1 x mu/ also h ! possessive & objective cases ( a sub/antive4 ,! f\r? me?od proves its capacity ( be+ 9 ! possessive case3 ?us1 ',a desire to le>n2' t is1 '( le>n+4' ,:5 x foll[s a p>ticiple1 or a v]b1 z by ! fif? or ! sev5? me?od1 x is 9 ! objective case4 ,me?od six? is analog\s to ! ,case ,absolute ( a sub/antive4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #hc4 ,if ! inf9itive mood is really a decl9able sub/antive1 none ( our gramm>ians h plac$ x 9 ! "r *apt]2 except t bold contemn] ( all grammatical & lit]>y au?ority1 ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce4 ,:5 w ! cause ( le>n+ cease to h assailants & und]m9]s among ^? :o pr(ess to s]ve x8 ,?us e new grammati/1 has "s gr& absurdity or o!r1 peculi> to himself2 & :at c be m gross1 ?an to talk ( ,engli% inf9itives & p>ticiples z be+ 9 ! possessive case8 ,,obs4 #c4--;,x 0 long a subject ( dispute among ! gramm>ians1 :at numb] ( cases an ,engli% n\n %\ld be suppos$ to h4 ,"s1 tak+ ! ,lat9 language = _! model1 & turn+ c]ta9 phrases into cases to fill up ! deficits1 7 = hav+ six 9 ea* numb]2 namely1 ! nom9ative1 ! g5itive1 ! dative1 ! accusative1 ! vocative1 & ! ablative4 ,o!rs1 cont5d+ t a case 9 gramm> c\ld be no?+ else ?an a t]m9ational inflection1 & obs]v+ t ,engli% n\ns h b "o case t diff]s f ! nom9ative 9 =m1 d5i$ t !re 7 m ?an two1 ! nom9ative & ! possessive4 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly an important "q1 t\*+ a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( our gramm>2 & any errone\s op9ion conc]n+ x1 might well g f> to condemn ! book t av\*$ x4 ,e intellig5t tea*] mu/ see ?is4 ,= :at s5se c\ld be made ( p>s+1 )\t suppos+ an objective case to n\ns8 or :at propriety c\ld !re be 9 mak+ ! words1 (1 & to1 & f1 gov]n or compose ?ree diff]5t cases8 ,aga91 ) :at tru? c x be said1 t n\ns h no cases 9 ,engli%8 or :at reason c be assign$ = mak+ m ?an ?ree8 ,,obs4 #d4--,public op9ion is n[ cle> 9 ! decision1 t x is exp$i5t to assign to ,engli% n\ns ?ree cases1 & no m2 &1 9 a matt] ( ?is k9d1 :at is exp$i5t = ! purpose ( in/ruction1 is "r4 ,yet1 f ! works ( our gramm>ians1 may be quot$ e conceivable notion1 "r or wrong1 ^u ?is po9t4 ,c>dell1 ) ,tooke & ,gil*ri/ on 8 side1 cont5ds t ,engli% n\ns h no cases4 ,brightl& av]r$ t !y h nei!r cases nor g5d]s4#afb ,bu*anan1 & ! au?or ( ! old ,briti% ,gramm>1 assign$ to !m "o case only1 ! possessive1 or g5itive4 ,dr4 ,adam also says1 ,9 ,engli%1 n\ns h only "o case1 namely1 ! g5itive1 or possessive case4--,lat9 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,w4 ,b4 ,f[le has two cases1 b rejects ! ^w case3 ,we use ! simple t]m ag5t = a n\n t acts1 & object = ! object ( an action4--,f[le's ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #fh4 ,sp5c] too disc>ds ! ^w case1 pref]r+ =m1 t he may m]ge 9 "o ! nom9ative & ! objective1 giv+ to n\ns two cases1 b nei!r ( ^!4 ,n\ns h two ,=ms1 call$ ! ,simple & ! ,possessive4--,sp5c]'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,webb]'s ,gramm>1 publi%$ at ,cambridge 9 #ahcb1 recognizes b two cases ( n\ns1 decl>+ ! objective to be altoge!r sup]flu\s4--,p4 #bb4 ,our sub/antives h no m cases ?an two4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ad4 ,a ,sub/antive do? n prop]ly admit ( m ?an two cases3 ! ,nom9ative1 & ! ,g5itive4--,ell5 ,devis's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 9 8 ,philosophical ,gramm>1 ( #ahjg1 & 9 8 ,improv$ ,gramm>1 ( #ahca1 tea*es ! same doctr9e1 b less positively4 ,?is assumption has also _h ! support ( ,l[?1 ,johnson1 ,prie/ley1 ,a%1 ,bicknell1 ,fi%]1 ,dalton1 & our celebrat$ ,l9dley ,murray4#afc ,9 ,*ild's or ,la?am's ,engli% ,gramm>1 #aheb1 x is said1 ,! cases 9 ! pres5t ,engli% are ?ree3--#a4 ,nom9ative2 #b4 ,objective2 #c4 ,possessive4 ,b ?is seems to be meant ( pron\ns only2 = ! next section affirms1 ,! sub/antives 9 ,engli% h only two out ( ! ?ree cases4--,see pp4 #gi & #hj4 ,reckless ( ! curr5t usage ( gramm>ians1 & ev5 ( self-consi/5cy1 bo? au?or & revis] w h no objective case ( n\ns1 because ?is is l ! nom9ative2 yet1 f9d+ an objective set aft] ! adjective l1 !y w recognize x z a dative /ill exi/+ 9 ,engli%6--,see p4 #aef4 ,?us d !y =sake _! own enum]ation ( cases1 z !y _h be=e1 9 all _! decl5sions1 =sak5 ! new ord] 9 :i* !y _h at fir/ s c>efully set !m6 ,,obs4 #e4--;,= ! true doctr9e ( ?ree cases1 we h ! au?ority ( ,murray1 9 8 lat] editions2 ( ,web/]1 9 8 ,pla9 & ,comp4 ,gramm>1 gr\nd$ on ,true ,pr9ciples1 #agij2 also 9 8 ,rudim5ts ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 #ahaa2 toge!r ) ! unit$ au?ority ( ,adams1 ,a9swor?1 ,ald51 ,alg]1 ,bacon1 ,b>n>d1 ,b+ham1 ,burr1 ,bullions1 ,butl]1 ,*ur*ill1 ,*&l]1 ,cobbett1 ,cobb91 ,comly1 ,coop]1 ,crombie1 ,dav5port1 ,davis1 ,fisk1 ,a4 ,fl9t1 ,fro/1 ,guy1 ,h>t1 ,hiley1 ,hull1 ,+]soll1 ,jaudon1 ,kirkham1 ,l5nie1 ,mack1 ,m',cullo*1 ,maund]1 ,m]*ant1 ,nixon1 ,nutt+1 ,john ,peirce1 ,p]ley1 ,picket1 ,russell1 ,sm>t1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?1 ,wilcox1 & ,i "k n h[ _m o!rs4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,de>born1 9 #agie1 recogniz$ f\r cases3 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 ! objective1 & ! absolute4--,columbian ,gram41 pp4 #af & #bj4 ,*>les ,bucke1 9 8 "w misnam$ ,a ,classical ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #ahbi1 ass]ts1 t1 ,sub/antives 9 ,engli% d n v>y _! t]m9ations2 yet he gives !m f\r cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! g5itive1 ! accusative1 & ! vocative4 ,s did ,all51 9 a gramm> mu* m classical1 dat$1 ,london1 #ahac4 ,haz51 9 #ahdb1 adopt$ f\r cases2 namely1 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 ! objective1 & ! indep5d5t4--,haz5's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ce4 ,mulligan1 s9ce1 has *os5 ^! f\r3 ,nom9ative1 ,g5itive1 ,dative1 ,accusative4--,/ructure ( ,e4 ,lang41 p4 #ahe4 ,& yet 8 case aft] to or = is n dative1 b accusative6-- ,ib41 p4 #bci4 ,s too1 ,good5[1 ( ,ma9e1 makes ! cases f\r3 ! subjective1#afd ! possessive1 ! objective1 & ! absolute4--,text-,book1 p4 #ca4 ,goldsbury1 ( ,cambridge1 has also f\r3 ! ,nom9ative1 ! ,possessive1 ! ,objective1 & ! ,vocative4--,com4 ,s4 ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,?ree o!r rec5t gramm>ians1--,wells1 ( ,&ov]1-- ,weld1 ( ,portl&1--& ,cl>k1 ( ,bloomfield1 ,n4 ,y41--also adopt f\r cases2--! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 ! objective1 & ! indep5d5t4--,wells's ,gram41 p4 #eg2 ,weld's1 #fj2 ,cl>k's1 #di4 ,! fir/ ( ^! g5tlem5 argues1 t1 ,s9ce a n\n or pron\n1 us$ indep5d5tly1 _c at ! same "t be employ$ z '! subject ( a v]b1' !re is a manife/ impropriety 9 reg>d+ x z a nom9ative4 ,x might z well be urg$1 t a nom9ative aft] a v]b1 or 9 apposition ) an o!r1 is1 = ?is reason1 n a nom9ative4 ,he also cites ?is argum5t3 ',is !re n z mu* diff]5ce betwe5 ! nom9ative & ! indep5d5t case1 z !re is betwe5 ! nom9ative & ! objective8 ,if s1 :y class !m toge!r z "o case8'--,s4 ,r4 ,hall4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,to ?is ,i answ]1 ,no4 ,! nom9ative is t case :i* primely d5otes ! "n ( any p]son or ?+2 7,burn's ,gram41 p4 #cf27 & ?is only x is1 t c be absolute1 or indep5d5t1 9 ,engli%4 ,?is s*eme ( f\r cases is1 9 fact1 a grave innovation4 ,z au?ority = x1 ,wells cites ,felton2 & bids 8 read]s1 ,see also ,k5nion1 ,p>khur/1 ,f[le1 ,fl9t1 ,good5[1 ,buck1 ,haz51 ,goldsbury1 ,*ap91 ,s4 ,alex&]1 & ,p4 ,smi?4--,page #eg4 ,b is ! f\r? case ( ^! au?ors ! same z 88 ,is x a case :i* has usually ! nom9ative =m1 b admits occasionally ( me & him1 & embraces objective n\ns ( "t1 measure1 di/ance1 direction1 or place8 ,no4 ,c]ta9ly "o half ( !m1 & probably m1 give little or no c\nt5ance to su* an indep5d5t case z he has adopt$4 ,p>khur/ admitt$ b ?ree cases2 ?\gh he ?\ght two o!rs might be an improvem5t4 ,:at ,f[le has said 9 support ( ,wells's f\r cases1 ,i h s\ght ) dilig5ce1 & n f\nd4 ,felton's indep5d5t case is only :at he absurdly calls1 ,! n\n or pron\n address$4-- ,page #ia4 ,bucke & ,goldsbury ackn[l$ge ! nom9ative case absolute2 & none ( ! twelve1 s f> z ,i "k1 admit any objective ^w1 or :at o!rs call objective1 to be indep5d5t or absolute1 except p]haps ,goldsbury4 ,,obs4 #g4--,s4 ,r4 ,hall1 =m]ly pr9cipal ( ! ,sem9>y = ,tea*]s at ,&ov]1 7b no great gramm>ian17 9 #ahcb1 publi%$ a manual1 call$ ,! ,grammatical ,assi/ant2 9 :i* he says1 ,!re are at lea/ five cases1 belong+ to ,engli% n\ns1 diff]+ z mu* f ea* o!r1 z ! cases ( ,lat9 & ,greek n\ns4 ,!y may be call$ ,nom9ative1 ,possessive1 ,objective1 ,indep5d5t & ,absolute4--,p4 #g4 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce w h bo? n\ns & pron\ns to be us$ 9 five cases1 :i* he ?us enum]ates3 ,f\r simple cases2 ! ,subjective1 ,possessive1 ,objective1 & ! ,indep5d5t2 & ! ,tw(old case4--,gram41 p4 #db4 ,b1 on page #ef?1 he speaks ( a tw(old subjective case1 ! tw(old objective case1 & %[s h[ ! possessive may be tw(old also2 s t1 )\t tak+ any ( ! ,lat9 cases1 or ev5 all ( ,hall's1 he really recognizes z _m z sev51 if n eight4 ,among ! ,engli% gramm>s :i* assume all ! six cases ( ! ,lat9 ,language1 are ,burn's1 ,co>'s1 ,dilwor?'s1 ,mack9to%'s1 ,m5nye's1 ,wm4 ,w>d's1 & ! ,compreh5sive ,gramm>1 a respectable little book1 publi%$ by ,dobson ( ,philadelphia1 9 #aghi1 b writt5 by somebody 9 ,engl&4 ,,obs4 #h4--,( ! ,engli% gramm>s :i* c prop]ly be said to be n[ 9 use1 a v great majority agree 9 ascrib+ to n\ns ?ree cases1 & ?ree only4 ,?is1 ,i am p]suad$1 is ! be/ numb]1 & susceptible ( ! be/ def5ce1 :e!r we appeal to au?ority1 or to o!r argum5t4 ,! disputes ( gramm>ians make no small "p ( ! hi/ory ( gramm>2 & 9 submitt+ to be guid$ by _! decisions1 x is prop] = u to consid] :at degree ( c]ta9ty !re is 9 ! rule1 & :at diff]5ce or concurr5ce !re is among !m3 =1 ! tea*+ ( any o!r ?an ! be/ op9ions1 is n ! tea*+ ( sci5ce1 come f :at qu>t] x may4 ,on ! "q respect+ ! objective case ( n\ns1 ,murray & ,web/] *ang$ sides ) ea* o!r2 & t1 long aft] !y fir/ appe>$ z gramm>ians4 ,nor 0 ?is ! only1 or ! mo/ important in/ance1 9 :i* ! diff]5t editions ( ! works ( ^! two g5tlem51 pres5t !m 9 opposition1 bo? to !mselves & to ea* o!r4 ,:at cases are !re 9 ,engli%8 ,! nom9ative1 :i* usually /&s be=e a v]b2 z1 ! boy writes3 ,! possessive1 :i* takes an s ) a comma1 & d5otes prop]ty2 z1 ,john's hat3 ,! objective1 :i* foll[s a v]b or preposition2 z1 he honors virtue1 or x is an honor to him4--,web/]'s ,pla9 & ,comp4 ,gram41 ,six? ,edition1 #ahjj1 p4 #i4 ,b = conv5i5ce1 ! two positions ( n\ns1 "o be=e1 ! o!r aft] ! v]b1 are call$ cases4 ,!re are !n ?ree cases1 ! nom9ative1 possessive1 & objective4--,web/]'s ,rudim5ts ( ,gram41 #ahaa1 p4 #ab4 ,9 ,engli% !re=e names h two cases only1 ! nom9ative or simple "n1 & ! possessive4-- ,web/]'s ,philosoph4 ,gram41 #ahjg1 p4 #cb3 also 8 ,improv$ ,gram41 #ahca1 p4 #bd4 ,,obs4 #i4--,murray alt]$ 8 op9ion aft] ! t5? or elev5? edition ( 8 duodecimo ,gramm>4 ,8 in/ructions /& ?us3 ,9 ,engli%1 sub/antives h b two cases1 ! nom9ative1 & ! possessive or g5itive4--,murray's ,gram4 #abmo1 ,second ,edition1 #agif1 p4 #ce4 ,= ! ass]tion1 t !re are 9 ,engli% b two cases ( n\ns1 & ?ree ( pron\ns1 we h ! au?ority ( ,l[?1 ,johnson1 ,prie/ley1 c4 names :i* are suffici5t to decide ?is po9t4--,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,9 ,engli%1 sub/antives h ?ree cases1 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 ,tw5ty-?ird ,edition1 #ahaf1 p4 #dd4 ,! au?or ( ?is "w long d\bt$ ! propriety ( assign+ to ,engli% sub/antives an objective case3 b a r5ew$ critical exam9ation ( ! subject2 an exam9ation to :i* he 0 prompt$ by ! ext5sive & increas+ dem& = ! gramm>1 has produc$ 9 8 m9d a full p]suasion1 t ! n\ns ( our language are entitl$ to ?is compreh5sive objective case4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,if !re is any cr$it 9 *ang+ "o's op9ions1 x is1 d\btless1 9 *ang+ !m = ! bett]2 b1 ( all au?ors1 a gramm>ian has ! mo/ ne$ critically to exam9e 8 subject be=e he goes to ! pr9t]4 ,?is case 0 adopt$ 9 ! twelf? edition ( ! ,gramm>4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 #abmo1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahah1 p4 viii4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! possessive case has occasion$ no less dispute ?an ! objective4 ,on ?is vex$ article ( our gramm>1 cu/om has n[ become mu* m uni=m ?an x 0 a c5tury ago2 & public op9ion may be said to h settl$ mo/ ( ! que/ions :i* h be5 agitat$ ab\t x4 ,"s individuals1 h[ev]1 are /ill dissatisfi$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 aga9/ ^? :o h ?\ght o!rwise1 x is det]m9$1 by inf9ite odds ( au?ority1 t !re is su* a case1 bo? ( n\ns & ( pron\ns4 ,_m a common read] w wond]1 :o c h be5 ignorant en\gh to d5y x4 ,! le>n$ & sagaci\s ,wallis1 to :om e ,engli% gramm>ian owes a tribute ( rev]5ce1 calls ?is modification ( ! n\n an adjective possessive2 ,i ?9k1 ) no m propriety ?an he might h appli$ ! same to ! ,lat9 g5itive4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,brightl& also1 :o gave to adjectives ! "n ( qualities1 includ$ all possessives among !m1 call+ !m ,possessive ,qualities1 or ,qualities ( ,possession4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,?is explod$ error1 ,william ,s4 ,c>dell1 a few ye>s ago1 republi%$ z a novelty2 = :i*1 among o!r pret5d$ improvem5ts ( a l sort1 he receiv$ ! ephem]al praise ( "s ( our mod]n lit]ati4 ,william ,b4 ,f[le also tea*es ! same ?+4 ,see 8 ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #ajd4 ,9 ,fel*'s ,gramm>1 too1 publi%$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #ahcg1 an attempt is made1 to revive ?is old doctr9e2 b ! au?or takes no notice ( any ( ! above-nam$ au?orities1 be+ probably ignorant ( !m all4 ,8 reason+ ^u ! po9t1 does n appe> to me to be wor?y ( a detail$ answ]4#afe ,t ! possessive case ( n\ns is n an adjective1 is demon/rable2 because x may h adjectives ( v>i\s k9ds1 relat+ to x3 z1 ,?is old man's daught]4--,%ak4 ,x may also gov]n an o!r possessive2 z1 ,pet]'s wife's "m4--,bible4 ,"h ! =m] possessive is gov]n$ by ! latt]2 b1 if bo? 7 adjectives1 !y w\ld bo? relate to ! n\n "m1 & s produce a confusion ( ideas4 ,aga91 n\ns ( ! possessive case h a di/9ction ( numb]1 :i* adjectives h n4 ,9 g5d] also1 !re lies a diff]5ce4 ,adjectives1 :5ev] !y are v>i$ by g5d] or numb]1 agree ) _! n\ns 9 ^! respects4 ,n s ) possessives2 z1 ,9 ! ,jews' religion4--,gal41 i4 #ac4 ,! *ildr5's bread4--,m>k1 vii1 #bg4 ,"s m5's s9s4--#a ,tim41 v1 #bd4 ,o!r m5's s9s4--,ib41 v]4 #bb4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,secondly1 g5]al cu/om has cle>ly det]m9$ t ! possessive case ( n\ns is always to be writt5 ) an apo/rophe3 except 9 ^? few in/ances 9 :i* x is n gov]n$ s+ly by ! n\n foll[+1 b s connect$ ) an o!r t bo? are gov]n$ jo9tly2 z1 ,cato ! ,c5sor's doctr9e1--,sir ,walt] ,scott's ,works1--,beaumont & ,flet*]'s ,plays4 ,?is cu/om ( us+ ! apo/rophe1 h[ev]1 has be5 oppos$ by _m4 ,brightl&1 & ,bu*anan1 & ! au?or ( ! ,briti% ,gramm>1 & "s late writ]s 9 ! ,philological ,museum1 are among ^? :o h successively taught1 t ! possessive case %\ld be =m$ l ! nom9ative plural1 by add+ s :5 ! pronunciation admits ! s\nd1 & es :5 ! ^w acquires an additional syllable4 ,"s ( ^! approve ( ! apo/rophe1 & o!rs d n4 ,?us ,brightl& gives "s examples1 :i* are contr>y to 8 rule1 adopt+ t /range cu/om ( putt+ ! s 9 ,roman1 & ! "n 9 ,italic2 z1 ,k+ ,*>les's ,c\rt1 & ,/4 ,james's ,p>k4--,gram4 ( ! ,engli% ,tongue1 p4 #ia4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,! g5itive case1 9 my op9ion1 says ,dr4 ,a%1 might be mu* m prop]ly =m$ by add+ s1 or :5 ! pronunciation requires x1 es1 )\t an ,apo/rophe3 z1 m51 m5s2 ,ox1 ,oxes2 ,horse1 ,horses2 ,ass1 ,asses4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,to write ,ox's1 ,ass's1 ,fox's1 & at ! same "t pron\nce x ,oxes1 ,asses1 ,foxes1 is su* a dep>ture f ! orig9al =mation1 at lea/ 9 writ+1 & su* an inconsi/5t use ( ! ,apo/rophe1 z _c be equall$ p]haps 9 any o!r language4--,ib4 ,l[?1 too1 gives "s c\nt5ance to ?is objection3 ,x i4e41 ',god's grace' 0 =m]ly writt5 ',godis grace2' we n[ always %ort5 x ) an apo/rophe2 (t5 v improp]ly1 :5 we are oblig$ to pron\nce x fully2 z1 ',?omas's book1' t is1 ',?omasis book1' n ',?omas 8 book1' z x is commonly suppos$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,:atev] weight !re may be 9 ?is argum5t1 ! objection has be5 ov]rul$ by g5]al cu/om4 ,! conv5i5ce ( di/+ui%+1 ev5 to ! eye alone1 ! numb]s & cases ( ! n\n1 is f\nd too great to be rel9qui%$4 ,if ! decl5sion ( ,engli% n\ns is ev] to be am5d$1 x _c be done 9 ?is way4 ,x is und]/ood by e read]1 t ! apo/rophic s adds a syllable to ! n\n1 :5ev] x w n unite ) ! s\nd 9 :i* ! nom9ative ends2 z1 tor*'s1 pron\nc$ tor*iz4 ,yet "t ennobles or degrades ea* l9e2 ,x bright5$ ,craggs's1 & may d>k5 ?9e4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,! ,engli% possessive case unque/ionably orig9at$ 9 t =m ( ! ,saxon g5itive :i* t]m9ates 9 es1 examples ( :i* may be f\nd 9 almo/ any specim5 ( ! ,saxon tongue3 z1 ,on ,h]odes dagum1--,9 ,h]od's days2--,( ,a>ones dohtrum1--,( ,a>on's daught]s4--,luke1 i1 #e4 ,?is end+ 0 sometimes ! same z t ( ! plural2 & bo? 7 *ang$ to is or ys1 be=e !y became :at we n[ f9d !m4 ,?is t]m9ation add$ a syllable to ! ^w2 & ,l[? sugge/s1 9 ! quotation above1 t ! apo/rophe 0 introduc$ to %ort5 x4 ,b "s cont5d1 t ! use ( ?is m>k orig9at$ 9 a mi/ake4 ,x appe>s f ! te/imony ( ,brightl&1 ,johnson1 ,l[?1 ,prie/ley1 & o!rs1 :o h notic$ ! error 9 ord] to correct x1 t an op9ion 0 long ent]ta9$1 t ! t]m9ation 's 0 a contraction ( ! ^w 84 ,x is c]ta9 t ,addison ?\ght s2 = he expressly says x1 9 ! #ace? numb] ( ! ,spectator4 ,accord+ly he wrote1 9 lieu ( ! regul> possessive1 ,my pap] is ,ulysses 8 b[4--,gu>dian1 ,no4 #ih4 ,( ,socrates 8 rules ( pray]4--,spect41 ,no4 #bjg4 ,s ,l[? quotes ,pope3 ,by "y ,telema*us 8 bloom+ ye>s4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ag4aff ,!re is also "o late au?or :o says1 ,! 's is a contraction ( 81 & 0 =m]ly writt5 9 full2 z1 ,william ,russell 8 book4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,?is is und\bt$ly bad ,engli%2 & always 0 s1 h[ev] common may h be5 ! errone\s notion :i* gave rise to x4 ,b ! apo/rophe1 :atev] may h be5 its orig91 is n[ ! ackn[l$g$ di/9ctive m>k ( ! possessive case ( ,engli% n\ns4 ,! application ( ! 's1 frequ5tly to fem99es1 & sometimes to plurals1 is pro( positive t x is n a contraction ( ! pron\n 82 z1 ,n[ ,jove susp5ds 8 gold5 scales 9 air1 ,weighs ! m5's wits aga9/ ! ,lady's hair4 --,pope1 ,r4 ( ,l41 ,c4 v1 l4 #gb4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,_m ( ! old gramm>ians1 & ,guy1 ,p9neo1 & ,sp5c]1 among ! mod]ns1 repres5t ! regul> =mation ( ! possessive case z be+ ! same 9 bo? numb]s1 suppos+ g5]ally 9 ! plural an abbreviation ( ! ^w by ! omission ( ! second or syllabic s4 ,t is1 !y suppose t su* t]ms z eagles' w+s1 angels' visits1 7 writt5 = eagles's w+s1 angels's visits1 c4 ,?is odd view ( ! matt] acc\nts well en\gh = ! fa%ion ( su* plurals z m5's1 wom5's1 *ildr5's1 & makes !m regul>4 ,b ,i f9d no evid5ce at all ( ! fact on :i* ^! au?ors presume2 nor d ,i believe t ! regul> possessive plural 0 ev]1 9 g5]al1 a syllable long] ?an ! nom9ative4 ,if x ev] _h be5 s1 x w\ld /ill be easy to prove ! po9t1 by citations f anci5t books4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple !n is1 t ! apo/rophe =ms ! possessive case1 ) an s 9 ! s+ul>1 & )\t x 9 ! plural2 b !re are "s exceptions to ?is rule1 on ei!r h&2 & ^! mu/ be duly notic$4 ,,obs4 #af4--,! *ief exceptions1 or irregul>ities1 9 ! =mation ( ! possessive s+ul>1 are1 ,i ?9k1 to be acc\nt$ m]e poetic lic5ses2 & seldom1 if ev]1 to be all[$ 9 prose4 ,*ur*ill1 7closely copy+ ,l[?17 speaks ( !m ?us3 ,9 poetry ! s is frequ5tly omitt$ aft] prop] names end+ 9 s or x z1 ',! wra? ( ,peleus' son4' ,pope4 ,?is is sc>cely all[able 9 prose1 ?\gh in/ances ( x occur3 z1 ',moses' m9i/]4' ,jo%41 i1 #a4 ',ph9ehas' wife4' #a ,sam41 iv1 #ai4 ',fe/us came into ,felix' room4' ,acts1 xxiv1 #bg4 ,x 0 done 9 prose evid5tly to avoid ! recurr5ce ( a sibilant s\nd at ! end ( two foll[+ syllables2 b ?is may z readily be obviat$ by us+ ! preposition (1 :i* is n[ commonly sub/itut$ = ! possessive case 9 mo/ in/ances4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #bae4 ,9 ,scott's ,bible1 ,philadelphia1 #ahad1 ! texts "h quot$ are all ( !m correct$1 ?us3 ,moses's m9i/]1--,ph9ehas's wife1--,felix's room4 ,b ! phrase1 = consci5ce sake1 7,rom41 xiii1 #e17 is !re giv5 )\t ! apo/rophe4 ,alg] pr9ts x1 = consci5ce' sake1 :i* is bett]2 & ?\gh n regul>1 x is a common =m = ?is p>ticul> expression4 ,our common ,bibles h ?is text3 ,& ! wean$ *ild %all put 8 h& on ! cockatrice' d54--,isaiah1 xi1 #h4 ,alg]1 see+ ?is to be wrong1 wrote x1 on ! cockatrice-d54--,pron\nc+ ,bible4 ,dr4 ,scott1 9 8 ,ref]5ce ,bible1 makes ?is possessive regul>1 on ! cockatrice's d54 ,?is is "r4 ,! ,vulgate has x1 9 cav]na reguli2 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n classic ,lat94 ,aft] z also1 ! poets sometimes drop ! s3 z1 ,sad 0 ! h\r1 & luckless 0 ! day1 ,:5 fir/ f ,%iraz' walls ,i b5t my way4--,coll9s4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,a rec5t critic1 :o1 ,i ?9k1 has n yet le>n$ to speak or write ! possessive case ( 8 own "n prop]ly1 assumes t ! =ego+ occasional or poetical =ms are ! only true ones = ! possessive s+ul> ( su* words4 ,he says1 ,:5 ! "n does end ) ! s\nd ( s or z1 7no matt] :at lett] repres5ts ! s\nd17 ! possessive =m is made by annex+ only an apo/rophe4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,agreeably to ?is rule1 he lett]s 8 "w1 ,peirce' ,gramm>1 & condemns1 z bad ,engli%1 ! foll[+ examples & all o!rs l !m3 ,james ,otis's lett]s1 ,g5]al ,gates's comm&1 ,g5]al ,knox's appo9tm5t1 ,gov4 ,meigs's promptness1 ,mr4 ,williams's oration1 ,! witness's deposition4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is g5tleman's doctr9e & criticism are z contr>y to ! common practice ( all good au?ors1 z !y are to ! common gramm>s1 :i* he ridicules4 ,surely1 su* expressions z1 ,h>ris's ,h]mes1 ,philips's ,poems1 ,pr9ce's ,bay1 ,pr9ce's ,isl&1 ,fox's ,j\rnal1 ,k+ ,james's edict1 a ju/ice's w>rant1 ,sph9x's riddle1 ! lynx's beam1 ! lass's beauty1 h au?ority en\gh to refute ! cavil ( ?is writ]2 :o1 be+ himself wrong1 falsely *>ges ! old] gramm>ians1 t1 _! !ories v>y f ! pr9ciples ( ! language correctly spok5 or writt54--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,a mu* m judici\s au?or treats ?is po9t ( gramm> z foll[s3 ,:5 ! possessive n\n is s+ul>1 & t]m9ates ) an s1 ano!r s is requisite aft] x1 & ! apo/rophe mu/ be plac$ betwe5 ! two2 z1 ',dick5s's works1'--',h>ris's wit4'--,day's ,punctuation1 ,?ird ,london ,edition1 p4 #acf4 ,! foll[+ example1 too1 is "r3 ,i w\ld n yield to be y\r h\se's gue/4--,%akespe>e4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,all plural n\ns t diff] f ! s+ul> )\t end+ 9 s1 =m ! possessive case 9 ! same mann] z ! s+ul>3 z1 man's1 m5's2 woman's1 wom5's j *ild's1 *ildr5's2 bro!r's1 bro!rs' or bre?r5's2 ox's1 ox5's2 goose1 geese's4 ,9 two or ?ree words :i* are o!rwise alike 9 bo? numb]s1 ! apo/rophe ought to foll[ ! s 9 ! plural1 to di/+ui% x f ! s+ul>3 z1 ! %eep's fleece1 ! %eeps' fleeces2 a neat's tongue1 neats' tongues2 a de]'s horns1 a load ( de]s' horns4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,dr4 ,a% says1 ,n\ns ( ! plural numb] t end 9 s1 w n v prop]ly admit ( ! g5itive case4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,& ,dr4 ,prie/ley appe>s to h be5 ( ! same op9ion4 ,see 8 ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,l[? too av]s1 t ! sign ( ! possessive case is nev] add$ to ! plural numb] end+ 9 s4--,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,p]haps he ?\ght ! plural sign mu/ involve an o!r s1 l ! s+ul>4 ,?is h[ev] is n true1 nei!r is ,dr4 ,a%'s ass]tion true2 = ! ,new ,te/am5t speaks z prop]ly ( ! soldi]s' c\nsel1 z ( ! c5turion's s]vant2 ( ! scribes t 7 ( ! ,ph>isees' "p1 z ( ,paul's si/]'s son4 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t ! possessive plural is less frequ5tly us$ ?an ! possessive s+ul>2 its place be+ mu* (t5] suppli$ by ! preposition ( & ! objective4 ,we _c say t ei!r ( !m is absolutely necess>y to ! language2 b !y are bo? wor?y to be comm5d$1 z furni%+ an agreeable v>iety ( expression4 ,!n %all man's pride & dulness compreh5d ,8 actions'1 passions'1 be+'s use & end4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,! apo/rophe 0 introduc$ into ! possessive case1 at lea/ = ! s+ul> numb]1 9 "s "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,its adoption = ! plural1 appe>s to h be5 lat]3 x is n mu* us$ 9 books a hundr$ ye>s old4 ,9 ,bu*anan's ,regul> ,engli% ,syntax1 :i* 0 writt51 ,i "k n exactly :51 b ne> ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ p>agraph3 ,we h c]ta9ly a ,g5itive ,plural1 ?\gh !re has be5 no ,m>k to di/+ui% x4 ,! ,w>riors ,arms1 i4 e4 ! ,arms ( ! ,w>riors1 is z mu* a ,g5itive ,plural1 z ! ,w>rior's ,arms1 = ! ,arms ( ! ,w>rior is a ,g5itive ,s+ul>4 ,to di/+ui% ?is ,g5itive ,plural1 especially to ,=eign]s1 we might use ! ,apo/rophe rev]s$1 ?us1 ! ,w>riors ,arms1 ! ,/ones ,end1 = ! ,end ( ! ,/ones1 ! ,groc]s1 ,taylors1 ,hab]da%]s1 c4 ,company2 = ! ,company ( ,groc]s1 ,taylors1 c4 ,! ,surgeons ,hall1 = ! ,hall ( ! ,surgeons2 ! ,rid]s ,names1 = ! ,names ( ! ,rid]s2 & s ( all ,plural ,possessives4--,see ,bu*an4 ,synt41 p4 #aaa4 ,our pres5t =m ( ! possessive plural1 be+ unkn[n to ?is gramm>ian1 mu/ h _h a lat] orig92 nor c x h be51 z "s imag9e x 01 an abbreviation ( a long] & m anci5t =m4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,! apo/rophic s has (t5 be5 add$ to n\ns improp]ly2 ! words =m$ by x n be+ int5d$ = ! possessive s+ul>1 b = ! nom9ative or objective plural4 ,?us we f9d su* au?ors z ,addison & ,swift1 writ+ ,jacobus's & g5ius's1 = ,jacobuses & g5iuses2 idea's1 toga's1 & tunica's1 = ideas1 togas1 & tunicas2 enamorato's & virtuoso's1 = enamoratoes & virtuosoes4 ,errors ( ?is k9d1 %\ld be c>efully avoid$4 ,,obs4 #bb4--,! apo/rophe & s are sometimes add$ to m]e *>act]s1 to d5ote plurality1 & n ! possessive case2 z1 two a's1 ?ree b's1 f\r #i's4 ,^! we _c avoid1 except by us+ ! names ( ! ?+s3 z1 two ,aes1 ?ree ,bees1 f\r ,n9es4 ,lac$ d[n ! sides ) little c's4--,/eele4 ,:5ev] two gg's come toge!r1 !y are bo? h>d4--,bu*anan4 ,! names ( c & g1 plural1 are ,cees & ,gees4 ,did ^! au?ors "k ! words1 or did !y n8 ,to h le>n$ ! names ( ! lett]s1 w be f\nd on _m occasions a great conv5i5ce1 especially to critics4 ,= example3 ,! pronunciation ( ^! two consecutive s's is h>d4--,webb]'s ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,bett]3 ,esses4 ,s & x1 h[ev]1 are exceptions4 ,!y are pluralyz$ by add+ es prec$$ by a hyph5 -1 z ! s-es2 ! x-es4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,bett]1 use ! names1 ,ess & ,ex1 & pluralize ?us3 ! ,esses2 ! ,exes4 ,make ,q's ( answ]s1 to waylay ,:at ?' o!r p>ty's l to say4 --,hudibras1 ,p4 ,,iii1 ,c4 ii1 l4 #iea4 ,"h ! ciph] is to be read ,kues1 b x has n ! mean+ ( ?is "n m]ely4 ,x is put ei!r = ! plural ( ,q41 a ,"q1 l ,d4 ,d4's1 7read ,dee-,dees17 = ,doctors ( ,div9ity2 or else1 m errone\sly1 = cues1 ! plural ( cue1 a turn :i* ! next speak] cat*es4 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! apo/rophe & s are us$ to give ! s\nd ( a v]b's t]m9ation1 to words :i* ! writ] suppos$ 7 n prop]ly v]bs3 ,:5 a man 9 a soliloquy reasons ) himself1 & pro's & con's1 & weighs all 8 designs4--,congreve4 ,b "h1 proes & cons1 w\ld h be5 m accurate4 ,we put ! ord]$ numb] ( m's into our compos+-/ick4--,pr9t]'s ,gram4 ,"h ,ems w\ld h done z well4 ,all measures = folio's & qu>to's1 %\ld be made to m's ( ! ,engli% body2 all measures = octavo's1 to ,pica m's4--,ibid4 ,"h regul>ity requires1 folios1 qu>toes1 octavoes1 & pica ,ems4 ,! v]b is1 :5 contract$1 sometimes gives to its nom9ative ! same =m z t ( ! possessive case1 x n be+ always spac$ (f = di/9ction1 z x may be2 z1 ,a wit's a fea!r1 & a *ief a rod2 ,an hone/ man's ! noble/ "w ( ,god4 --,pope1 on ,man1 ,ep4 iv1 l4 #bdg4 ,,obs4 #bd4--;,z ! objective case ( n\ns is to be di/+ui%$ f ! nom9ative1 only by ! s5se1 relation1 & position1 ( words 9 a s5t5ce1 ! le>n] mu/ acquire a habit ( att5d+ to ^! sev]al ?+s4 ,nor ought x to be a h>d%ip to any read] to und]/& t :i* he ?9ks wor? read+4 ,x is seldom possible to mi/ake "o ( ^! cases = ! o!r1 )\t a total misconception ( ! au?or's mean+4 ,! nom9ative d5otes ! ag5t1 actor1 or do]2 ! p]son or ?+ t is made ! subject ( an affirmation1 negation1 "q1 or supposition3 its place1 except 9 a "q1 is commonly be=e ! v]b4 ,! objective1 :5 gov]n$ by a v]b or a p>ticiple1 d5otes ! p]son on :om1 or ! ?+ on :i*1 ! action falls & t]m9ates3 x is commonly plac$ aft] ! v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition1 :i* gov]ns x4 ,n\ns1 !n1 by *ang+ places1 may *ange cases3 z1 ,jona?an lov$ ,david2 ,david lov$ ,jona?an4 ,yet ! case dep5ds n entirely ^u position2 = any ord] 9 :i* ! words _c be misund]/ood1 is all[able3 z1 ,su* tricks ha? /rong imag9ation4--,%ak4 ,"h ! cases are kn[n1 because ! mean+ is pla9ly ?is3 ,/rong imag9ation ha? su* tricks4 ,to him give all ! prophets witness4--,acts1 x1 #dc4 ,?is is intelligible en\gh1 & m =cible ?an ! same mean+ express$ ?us3 ,all ! prophets give witness to him4 ,! ord] ( ! words nev] c affect ! explanation to be giv5 ( !m 9 p>s+1 unless x *ange ! s5se1 & =m !m into a diff]5t s5t5ce4 ,,! ,,decl5sion ,,( ,,n\ns4 ,! decl5sion ( a n\n is a regul> arrangem5t ( its numb]s & cases4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,i4--,,fri5d4 ,s+4 ,nom4 fri5d1 ,plur4 ,nom4 fri5ds1 ,poss4 fri5d's1 ,poss4 fri5ds'1 ,obj4 fri5d2 ,obj4 fri5ds4 ,,example ,,ii4--,,man4 ,s+4 ,nom4 man1 ,plur4 ,nom4 m51 ,poss4 man's1 ,poss4 m5's1 ,obj4 man2 ,obj4 m54 ,,example ,,iii4--,,fox4 ,s+4 ,nom4 fox1 ,plur4 ,nom4 foxes1 ,poss4 fox's1 ,poss4 foxes'1 ,obj4 fox2 ,obj4 foxes4 ,,example ,,iv4--,,fly4 ,s+4 ,nom4 fly1 ,plur4 ,nom4 flies1 ,poss4 fly's1 ,poss4 flies'1 ,obj4 fly2 ,obj4 flies4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,iii4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,?ird ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles & ,,n\ns4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,?ird ,praxis1 are two = an article1 six = a n\n1 & "o = an adjective1 a pron\n1 a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adv]b1 a conjunction1 a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,! writ+s ( ,hannah ,m appe> to me m praisewor?y ?an ,scott's4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,writ+s is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,hannah ,m is a prop] n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 fem99e g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> individual1 or p1 or gr\p4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! fem99e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! female k9d4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,appe> is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,to is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,me is a pron\n4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 ,m is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,praisewor?y is an adjective4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 ,?an is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,scott's is a prop] n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & possessive case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> individual1 or p1 or gr\p4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! possessive case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! relation ( prop]ty4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,! virtue ( ,alex&] appe>s to me less vigor\s ?an t ( ,socrates4 ,socrates 9 ,alex&]'s place ,i c readily conceive3 ,alex&] 9 t ( ,socrates ,i _c4 ,alex&] w tell y1 he c subdue ! _w3 x 0 a great] "w 9 ,socrates to fulfill ! duties ( life4 ,wor? consi/s mo/1 n 9 great1 b 9 good actions4--,kames's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #gj4 ,no "o %\ld ev] rise to speak 9 public1 )\t =m+ to himself a j & /rict idea ( :at suits 8 own age & "*2 :at suits ! subject1 ! he>]s1 ! place1 ! occasion4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 p4 #bfj4 ,9 ! %ort space ( little m ?an a c5tury1 ! ,greeks became su* /atesm51 w>riors1 orators1 hi/orians1 physicians1 poets1 critics1 pa9t]s1 sculptors1 ar*itects1 &1 la/ ( all1 philosoph]s1 t "o c h>dly help consid]+ t gold5 p]iod1 z a provid5tial ev5t 9 hon\r ( human nature1 to %[ to :at p]fection ! species might asc5d4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #dag4 ,is g5ius y\rs8 ,be y\rs a glori\s end1 ,be y\r k+'s1 c\ntry's1 tru?'s1 religion's fri5d4--,"y4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,he t is call$ 9 ! ,"l1 be+ a s]vant1 is ! ,"l's freeman3 likewise also1 he t is call$1 be+ free1 is ,*ri/'s s]vant4--#a ,cor41 vii1 #bb4 ,:at w rema9 to ! ,alex&]s1 & ! ,cs>s1 & ! ,j5ghizes1 & ! ,l\ises1 & ! ,*>leses1 & ! ,napoleons1 ) ^: 'glories' ! idle voice ( fame is fill$8--,j4 ,dymond4 ,good s5se1 cle> ideas1 p]spicuity ( language1 & prop] arrangem5t ( words & ?\ghts1 w always comm& att5tion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agd4 ,a "m's t5d]ness & a fa!r's c>e are nature's gifts = man's advantage4--,wisdom's precepts =m ! good man's int]e/ & happ9ess4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aid4 ,a danc+-s*ool among ! ,tusc>oras1 is n a great] absurdity ?an a masqu]ade 9 ,am]ica4 ,a !atre1 "u ! be/ regulations1 is n ess5tial to our happ9ess4 ,x may af=d ent]ta9m5t to individuals2 b x is at ! exp5se ( private ta/e & public morals4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #hf4 ,:]e danc+ sunbeams on ! wat]s play$1 ,& v]dant ald]s =m'd a quiv]+ %ade4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,i h ev] ?\ght t advice to ! "y1 unaccompani$ by ! r\t9e ( hone/ employm5ts1 is l an attempt to make a %rub gr[ 9 a c]ta9 direction1 by bl[+ x ) a bell[s4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bdg4 ,! ,arabic *>act]s = ! writ+ ( numb]s1 7 introduc$ into ,europe by ,pope ,sylve/] ,,ii1 9 ! elev5? c5tury4--,con/able's ,miscellany4 ,emotions rais$ by inanimate objects1 trees1 riv]s1 build+s1 pictures1 arrive at p]fection almo/ in/antane\sly2 & !y h a long endurance1 a second view produc+ ne>ly ! same pleasure ) ! fir/4--,kames's ,elem5ts1 i1 #ajh4 ,!re is great v>iety 9 ! same plant1 by ! diff]5t appe>ances ( its /em1 bran*es1 leaves1 blossoms1 fruit1 size1 & col\r2 & yet1 :5 we trace t v>iety ?r\gh diff]5t plants1 especially ( ! same k9d1 !re is discov]$ a surpris+ uni=mity4--,ib41 i1 #bgc4 ,attitude1 action1 air1 pause1 />t1 sigh1 groan1 ,he borr['d1 & made use ( z 8 own4--,*ur*ill4 ,i dread !e1 fate1 rel5tless & sev]e1 ,) all a poet's1 husb&'s1 fa!r's fe>6--,burns4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,( ,,n\ns4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,numb]s4 ,all ! able/ ( ! ,jewi% ,rabbis ackn[l$ge x4--,wilson's ,heb4 ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w ,rabbi is "h made plural by ! addition ( s only4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #ab? on ! ,numb]s1 n\ns 9 i ought r to =m ! plural 9 ies4 ,! capital ,r1 too1 is n necess>y4 ,!re=e1 ,rabbis %\ld be rabbies1 ) ies & a small r4 ,:o has ?or\ghly imbib$ ! sy/em ( "o or o!r ( our ,*ri/ian rabbis4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cgh4 ,! seem+ s+ul>itys ( reason soon we> (f4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #dg4 ,! *iefs & arikis or prie/s h ! p[] ( decl>+ a place or object taboo4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #dfj4 ,among ! v>i\s tribes ( ?is family1 are ! ,pottawatomies1 ! ,sacs & ,foxes1 or ,saukis & ,ottogamis4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,! ,%awnees1 ,kickapoos1 ,m5omonies1 ,miamis & ,delaw>es1 are ( ! same region4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,! ,mohegans & ,ab5aquis belong$ also to ?is family4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,"o tribe ( ?is family1 ! ,w9nebagos1 =m]ly resid$ ne> lake ,mi*igan4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,! o!r tribes are ! ,i[ays1 ! ,otoes1 ! ,miss\ris1 ! ,quapaws4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,! great ,mexican family comprises ! ,aztecs1 ,toltecs1 & ,t>ascos4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,! ,mulattoes are born ( negro & :ite p>5ts2 ! ,zambos1 ( ,indians & negroes4--,ib41 p4 #afe4 ,to h a place among ! ,alex&]s1 ! ,cs>s1 ! ,lewis'1 or ! ,*>les'1 ! sc\rges & but*]s ( _! fell[-creatures4--,burgh's ,dignity1 i1 #acb4 ,:i* 0 ! notion ( ! ,platonic ,philosoph]s & ,jewi% rabbii4--,ib41 p4 #bdh4 ,t !y %\ld relate to ! :ole body ( virtuosos4--,gobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bab4 ,:at ?ank h ye8 = s9n]s also love ^? t love !m4--,luke1 vi1 #cb4 ,!re are five ranks ( nobility2 dukes1 m>quesses1 e>ls1 visc\nts1 & b>ons4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bbh4 ,acts1 :i* 7 s well kn[n to ! two ,*>les's4--,payne's ,geog41 ii1 #eaa4 ,c\rt ,m>tials are held 9 all p>ts1 = ! trial ( ! blacks4--,obs]v]1 ,no4 #deh4 ,x becomes a common n\n1 & may h a plural numb]2 z1 ! two ,davids2 ! two ,scipios1 ! two ,pompies4--,/ani=d's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,! food ( ! rattlesnake is birds1 squirrels1 h>e1 rats1 & reptiles4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #agg4 ,& let f[l multiply 9 ! e>?4--,g5esis1 i1 #bb4 ,!n we rea*$ ! hill-side :]e eight buffalo 7 graz+4--,m>t9eau's ,am]41 i1 #bjb4 ,corset1 n4 a pair ( bodice = a woman4--,worce/]'s ,dict41 #abmo4 ,z ! be's2 ! ce's1 ! d\bleyu's4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,simplicity is ! means betwe5 o/5tation & ru/icity4--,pope's ,pref4 to ,hom]4 ,y h disguis$ y\rselves l tip/aves4--,gil ,blas1 i1 #aaa4 ,b :o1 t ha? any ta/e1 c endure ! incessant quick returns ( ! also's1 & ! likewise's1 & ! moreov]'s1 & ! h[ev]'s1 & ! not)/&+'s8--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #dci4 ,sometimes1 9 mutual sly disguise1 ,let ,aye's seem ,no's1 & ,no's seem ,aye's4--,gay1 p4 #dca4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,cases4 ,= ^: "n sake1 ,i h be5 made will+4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! n\n "n1 :i* is "h meant = ! possessive case s+ul>1 has n ! true =m ( t case4 ,b1 accord+ to a pr9ciple on page #beh?1 ,! possessive case ( n\ns is =m$1 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 by add+ to ! nom9ative s prec$$ by an apo/rophe2 &1 9 ! plural1 :5 ! nom9ative ends 9 s1 by add+ an apo/rophe only4 ,!re=e1 "n %\ld be "n's2 ?us1 ,= ^: "n's sake1 ,i h be5 made will+4 ,be gov]n$ by y\r consci5ce1 & nev] ask anybodies leave to be hone/4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #aje4 ,to ov]look nobodies m]it or misbehavi\r4--,ib41 p4 #i4 ,& ,hector at la/ fights 8 way to ! /]n ( ,ajax' %ip4--,col]idge's ,introd41 p4 #ia4 ,no?+ is lazi]1 ?an to keep ones eye ^u words )\t he$+ _! mean+4-- ,philological ,museum1 i1 #fde4 ,sir ,william ,joneses division ( ! day4--,ib41 ,cont5ts4 ,i ne$ only ref] "h to ,vosses excell5t acc\nt ( x4--,ib41 i1 #dfe4 ,! beg9n+ ( ,/esi*oruses pal9ode has be5 pres]v$4--,ib41 i1 #ddb4 ,?\gh we h ,tibulluses elegies1 !re is n a ^w 9 !m ab\t ,glyc]a4--,ib41 p4 #ddf4 ,t ,horace 0 at ,?ali>*uses c\ntry-h\se4--,ib41 i1 #dea4 ,t ,sisyphuses foot-tub %\ld h be5 /ill 9 exi/5ce4--,ib41 i1 #dfh4 ,h[ e ?+ w5t on 9 ,horace's closet1 & 9 ,mec5ases ante*amb]4--,ib41 i1 #deh4 ,:o1 = elegant brevities sake1 put a p>ticiple = a v]b4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #db4 ,! c\ntries lib]ty be+ oppress$1 we h no m to hope4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,a brief b true acc\nt ( ?is peoples' pr9ciples4--,b>clay's ,pref4 ,z1 ! ,*ur*e's ,peace1 or ! ,peace ( ! ,*ur*2 ,virgil's ,eneid1 or ! ,eneid ( ,virgil--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,z1 ,virgil's neid1 = ! neid ( ,virgil2 ! ,*ur*'es ,peace1 = ! ,peace ( ! ,*ur*4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #ah4 ,:i*1 ) ,hubn]'s ,comp5d1 & ,wells' ,geographia ,classica1 w be suffici5t4-- ,burgh's ,dignity1 i1 #aee4 ,witness ,hom]'s speak+ horses1 scold+ goddesses1 & ,jupit] en*ant$ ) ,v5us' girdle4--,ib41 i1 #ahd4 ,dr4 ,watts' ,logic may ) success be read & comm5t$ on to !m4--,ib41 p4 #aef4 ,pott]'s ,greek1 & ,k5net's ,roman ,antiquities1 ,/rau*ius' & ,helvicus' ,*ronology4--,ib41 p4 #afa4 ,s+4 ,alice' fri5ds1 ,felix' prop]ty2 ,plur4 ,! ,alices' fri5ds1 ,! ,felixes' prop]ty4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,su* z ,bac*us'es company1--at ,bac*us'es fe/ivals4--,a9swor?'s ,dict41 w4 ,?yrsus4 ,burn's inimitable ,tam o',%ant] turns entirely ^u su* a circum/ance4--,scott's ,lay1 ,notes1 p4 #bja4 ,nom9ative1 ,m54 ,g5itive1 ,m5s4 ,objective1 ,m54--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,m5s ,happ9ess or ,mis]y is mo/ "p ( _! own mak+4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #a4 ,t y\r ,sons ,clo?s be nev] made /rait1 especially ab\t ! ,brea/4--,ib41 p4 #ae4 ,*ildr5s ,m9ds are n>r[ & weak4--,ib41 p4 #big4 ,i w\ld n h little ,*ildr5 mu* torm5t$ ab\t ,punctilio's1 or ,niceties ( ,bre$+4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,to fill 8 ,head ) suitable ,idea's4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,! ,burgusdiscius's & ! ,s*eibl]s did n sw>m 9 ^? ,days1 z !y d n[4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,to see ! v>i\s ways ( dress+--a calve's head6--,%5/one1 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #adc4 ,he puts x on1 & = decorum sake ,c we> x e'en z gracefully z %e4--,c[p]'s ,task4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,simon ! wit* 0 ( ?is religion too4--,bunyan's ,p4 ,p41 p4 #abc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! fem99e "n wit* is "h appli$ to a man4 ,b1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( g5d]s1 on page #bed?1 ,names ( males are mascul9e2 names ( females1 fem99e2 c4 ,!re=e1 wit* %\ld be wiz>d2 ?us1 ,simon ! wiz>d1 c4 ,mammodis1 n4 ,co>se1 pla9 ,india musl9s4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,g on f s+le p]sons to families1 t ( ! ,pompeyes = in/ance4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #adb4 ,by :i* ! anci5ts 7 n able to acc\nt = phnom5as4--,bailey's ,ovid1 p4 vi4 ,aft] ?is ,i m>ri$ a wife :o _h liv$ at ,crete1 b a ,jew by bir?4--,josephus's ,life1 p4 #aid4 ,! v hea!n are inexcusable = n wor%ipp+ him4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #cbh4 ,su* poems z ,camo5's ,lusiad1 ,voltaire's ,h5riade1 c4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dbb4 ,my le>n$ correspond5t writes a ^w 9 def5ce ( l>ge sc>ves4--,,spect43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,! =]unn]s ( an apoplexy are dulness1 v]tigos1 trembl+s4--,,arbu?not3 ib4 ,v]tigo *anges ! o into 9es1 mak+ ! plural v]tig9es4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,noctambulo *anges ! o into ones1 mak+ ! plural noctambulones4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 ,:at %all we say ( noctambulos8--,,arbu?not3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,9 ! curi\s fretwork ( rocks & grottos4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bbj4 ,:>f makes ! plural :>ves4--,smi?'s ,gram41 p4 #de2 ,m]*ant's1 #bi2 ,picket's1 #ba2 ,fro/'s1 #h4 ,a few c5t's wor? ( macc>oni supplies all _! wants4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bge4 ,c s\nds h>d1 l k1 at ! end ( a ^w or syllables4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,by :i* ! virtuosi try ,! magnitude ( e lie4--,hudibras4 ,qu>tos1 octavos1 %ape ! less5+ pyre4--,pope's ,dunciad1 ,b4 i1 l4 #afb4 ,p]*+ )9 squ>e royal rooves4--,,sidney3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,similies %\ld1 ev5 9 poetry1 be us$ ) mod]ation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aff4 ,similies %\ld nev] be tak5 f l[ or mean objects4--,ib41 p4 #afg4 ,x 7 c]ta9ly bett] to say1 ',! h\se ( lords1' ?an '! ,"l's h\se4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #agg4 ,read y\r answ]s4 ,unit figure8 ',five4' ,t5's8 ',six4' ,hundr$s8 ',sev54'--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #gi4 ,alex&] conqu]$ ,d>ius' army4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,?ree days "t 0 requisite1 to prep>e matt]s4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #aef4 ,s we say t ,cic]os /ile & ,sallu/s1 7 n "o1 nor ,ces>s & ,livies1 nor ,hom]s & ,hesiodus1 nor ,h]odotus & ,!ucidides1 nor ,euripides & ,ari/ophanes1 nor ,erasmus & ,budeus /iles4--,putt5ham's ,arte ( ,engli% ,poesie1 iii1 #e4 ,lex 7i4e4 legs7 is no o!r ?an our ance/ors pa/ p>ticiple lg1 laid d[n4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ii1 #g4 ,a*aia's sons at ,ilium sla9 = ! ,atrid' sake4--,c[p]'s ,iliad4 ,! corpse#afg ( half h] s5ate manure ! fields ( ,!ssaly4--,addison's ,cato4 ,poison+1 )\t reg>d ( fame or fe>3 ,& spott$ corpse are frequ5t on ! bi]4--,dryd54 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,adjectives4 ,an ,adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality3 z1 ,a wise man2 a new book4 ,y two are dilig5t4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,adjectives h be5 o!rwise call$ attributes1 attributives1 qualities1 adn\ns2 b none ( ^! names is any bett] ?an ! common "o4 ,"s writ]s h class$ adjectives ) v]bs2 because1 ) a neut] v]b = ! copula1 !y (t5 =m logical pr$icates3 z1 ,vices are contagi\s4 ,! ,lat9 gramm>ians usually class !m ) n\ns2 consequ5tly _! n\ns are divid$ into n\ns sub/antive & n\ns adjective4 ,) u1 sub/antives are n\ns2 & adjectives =m a "p ( spee* by !mselves4 ,?is is g5]ally ackn[l$g$ to be a mu* bett] di/ribution4 ,adjectives _c ) propriety be call$ n\ns1 9 any language2 because !y are n ! names ( ! qualities :i* !y signify4 ,!y mu/ be add$ to n\ns or pron\ns 9 ord] to make s5se4 ,b if1 9 a j di/ribution ( words1 ! t]m adjective n\ns is ne$less & improp]1 ! t]m adjective pron\ns is1 c]ta9ly1 n less s3 mo/ ( ! words :i* ,murray & o!rs call by ?is "n1 are n pron\ns1 b adjectives4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! n\n1 or sub/antive1 is a "n1 :i* makes s5se ( itself4 ,! adjective is an adjunct to ! n\n or pron\n4 ,x is a ^w add$ to d5ote quality1 situation1 quantity1 numb]1 =m1 t5d5cy1 or :atev] else may *>act]ize & di/+ui% ! ?+ or ?+s spok5 (4 ,adjectives1 !re=e1 are di/+ui%$ f n\ns by _! relation to !m2 a relation correspond+ to t :i* qualities be> to ?+s3 s t no "p ( spee* is m easily discrim9at$ ?an ! adjective4 ,aga93 ,engli% adjectives1 z su*1 are all indecl9able4 ,:51 !re=e1 any words usually belong+ to ?is class1 are f\nd to take ei!r ! plural or ! possessive =m1 l sub/antive n\ns1 !y are to be p>s$ z n\ns4 ,to abbreviate expression1 we n unfrequ5tly1 9 ?is mann]1 conv]t adjectives into n\ns4 ,?us1 9 gramm>1 we (t5 speak ( nom9atives1 possessives1 or objectives1 mean+ n\ns or pron\ns ( ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 or ! objective case2 ( positives1 comp>atives1 or sup]latives1 mean+ adjectives ( ! positive1 ! comp>ative1 or ! sup]lative degree2 ( inf9itives1 subjunctives1 or imp]atives1 mean+ v]bs ( ! inf9itive1 ! subjunctive1 or ! imp]ative mood2 & ( s+ul>s1 plurals1 & _m o!r su* ?+s1 9 ! same way4 ,s a man's sup]iors or inf]iors are p]sons sup]ior or inf]ior to himself4 ,8 bett]s are p]sons bett] ?an he4 ,o!rs are any p]sons or ?+s di/+ui%$ f "s t are nam$ or ref]r$ to2 z1 ,if y want enemies1 excel o!rs2 if y want fri5ds1 let o!rs excel y4--,lacon4 ,all adjectives ?us tak5 sub/antively1 become n\ns1 & ought to be p>s$ z su*1 unless ?is ^w o!rs is to be made an exception1 & call$ a pron\n4 ,?' ev5t is fe>'d2 %\ld we aga9 provoke ,our /rong]1 "s worse way 8 wra? may f9d4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #hb4 ,,obs4 #c4--,murray says1 ,p]haps ! words =m] & latt] may be prop]ly rank$ among/ ! demon/rative pron\ns1 especially 9 _m ( _! applications4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce may s]ve z an example3 ',x 0 happy = ! /ate1 t ,fabius cont9u$ 9 ! comm& ) ,m9utius3 ! =m]'s phlegm 0 a *eck ^u ! latt]'s vivacity4'--,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #eg4 ,?is ,i take to be bad ,engli%4 ,=m] & latt] ought to be adjectives only2 except :5 =m] means mak]4 ,&1 if n s1 x is too easy a way ( multiply+ pron\ns1 to manufacture two out ( "o s+le anonym\s s5t5ce4 ,if x 7 said1 ,! delib]ation ( ! =m] 0 a seasonable *ock ^u ! fi]y temp] ( ! latt] ! words =m] & latt] w\ld seem to me n to be pron\ns1 b adjectives1 ea* relat+ to ! n\n comm&] und]/ood aft] x4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! s5se & relation ( words 9 s5t5ces1 z well z _! p>ticul> =m & mean+1 mu/ be consid]$ 9 p>s+1 be=e ! le>n] c say1 ) c]ta9ty1 to :at class !y belong4 ,o!r p>ts ( spee*1 & especially n\ns & p>ticiples1 by a *ange 9 _! con/ruction1 may become adjectives4 ,?us1 to d5ote ! mat]ial ( :i* a ?+ is =m$1 we v commonly make ! "n ( ! sub/antive an adjective to t ( ! ?+3 z1 ,a gold *a91 a silv] spoon1 a glass pit*]1 a t9 bas91 an oak plank1 a basswood slab1 a :alebone rod4 ,?is con/ruction is 9 g5]al correct1 :5ev] ! =m] ^w may be pr$icat$ ( ! latt]2 z1 ,! *a9 is gold4--,! spoon is silv]4 ,b we d n write gold beat] = goldbeat]1 or silv] smi? = silv]smi?2 because ! beat] is n gold1 nor is ! smi? silv]4 ,?is pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 is n univ]sally obs]v$2 = we write sn[ball1 :itewa%1 & _m simil> comp\nds1 ?\gh ! ball is sn[ & ! wa% is :ite2 & l9se$ oil1 or ,new>k cid]1 may be a good phrase1 ?\gh ! =m] ^w _c well be pr$icat$ ( ! latt]4 ,s 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ,let ^! conv]sation tones be ! f\ndation ( public pronunciation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccd4 ,a musl9 fl\nce1 made v full1 w\ld give a v agreeable flirtation air4--,,pope3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,come1 calm ,cont5t1 s]5e & sweet1 ,o g5tly guide my pilgrim feet ,to f9d ?y h]mit cell4--,b>bauld4 ,,obs4 #e4--,murray says1 ,v>i\s n\ns plac$ be=e o!r n\ns assume ! nature ( adjectives3 z1 sea fi%1 w9e vessel1 corn field1 mead[ gr\nd1 c4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,?is is1 c]ta9ly1 v lame in/ruction4 ,if !re is n palpable error 9 all 8 examples1 ! propriety ( !m all is at lea/ que/ionable2 &1 to adopt & foll[ out _! pr9ciple1 w\ld be1 to te> ap>t "s ?\s&s ( our mo/ famili> comp\nds4 ,mead[ gr\nd may p]haps be a correct phrase1 s9ce ! gr\nd is mead[2 x seems !re=e pref]able to ! comp\nd ^w mead[-gr\nd4 ,:at he meant by w9e vessel is d\btful3 t is1 :e!r a %ip or a cask1 a flagon or a decant]4 ,if we turn to our diction>ies1 ,web/] has sea-fi% & w9e-cask ) a hyph51 & cornfield )\t2 :ile ,johnson & o!rs h corn-field ) a hyph51 & seafi% )\t4 ,accord+ to ! rules = ! figure ( words1 we ought to write !m seafi%1 w9ecask1 cornfield4 ,:at !n becomes ( ! ?\s&s ( adjectives embrac$ 9 ! c4 quot$ above8 ,,obs4 #f4--,! pron\ns he & %e1 :5 plac$ be=e or prefix$ to n\ns m]ely to d5ote _! g5d]1 appe> to be us$ adjectively2 z1 ,! male or he animals (f]$ 9 sacrifice4--,wood's ,dict41 w4 ,males4 ,! mo/ usual t]m is he or %e1 male or female1 employ$ z an adjective3 z1 a he be>1 a %e be>2 a male elephant1 a female elephant4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,mo/ writ]s1 h[ev]1 ?9k prop] to ins]t a hyph5 9 ! t]ms "h ref]r$ to3 z1 he-be>1 %e-be>1 ! plurals ( :i* are he-be>s & %e-be>s4 ,&1 judg+ by ! =ego+ rule ( pr$ication1 we mu/ assume t ?is practice only is "r4 ,9 ! fir/ example1 ! ^w he is useless2 = ! t]m male animals is suffici5tly cle> )\t x4 ,x has be5 %[n 9 ! ?ird *apt]1 t he & %e are sometimes us$ z n\ns2 & t1 z su*1 !y may take ! regul> decl5sion ( n\ns1 mak+ ! plurals hes & %es4 ,b :5ev] ^! words are us$ adjectively to d5ote g5d]1 :e!r we *oose to ins]t ! hyph5 or n1 !y are1 )\t "q1 indecl9able1 l o!r adjectives4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ,sanborn w h he to be a n\n 9 ! objective case2 b ,i consid] x r1 to be an adjective1 signify+ mascul9e3 7,philosophy1 ,i say1 & call x ,he2 ,=1 :atsoe'er ! pa9t]'s fancy be1 ,x a male-virtue seems to me47--,c[ley1 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ed4 ,,obs4 #g4--,?\gh v]bs give rise to _m adjectives1 !y seldom1 if ev]1 become su* by a m]e *ange ( con/ruction4 ,x is mo/ly by assum+ an additional t]m9ation1 t any v]b is =m$ into an adjective3 z 9 tea*able1 moveable1 oppressive1 diffusive1 prohibitory4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ab\t =ty words end+ 9 ate1 :i*1 )\t diff]5ce ( =m1 are ei!r v]bs or adjectives2 z1 aggregate1 animate1 appropriate1 articulate1 aspirate1 associate1 complicate1 conf$]ate1 consummate1 delib]ate1 desolate1 effem9ate1 elate1 inc>nate1 intimate1 legitimate1 mod]ate1 ord9ate1 precipitate1 pro/rate1 reg5]ate1 reprobate1 sep>ate1 sophi/icate1 subord9ate4 ,?is class ( adjectives seems to be less5+4 ,! p>ticipials 9 ed1 are sup]s$+ "s ( !m1 at lea/ 9 popul> practice3 z1 contam9at$1 = contam9ate1 defil$2 reit]at$1 = reit]ate1 repeat$2 situat$1 = situate1 plac$2 att5uat$1 = att5uate1 made ?9 or sl5d]4 ,devote1 exhau/1 & "s o!r v]bal =ms1 are occasionally us$ by ! poets1 9 lieu ( ! p>ticipial =ms1 devot$1 exhau/$1 c4 ,,obs4 #h4--,p>ticiples1 :i* h naturally mu* resemblance to ?is "p ( spee*1 (t5 drop _! di/9ctive "*1 & become adjectives4 ,?is is usually ! case :5ev] !y /& imm$iately be=e ! n\ns to :i* !y relate2 z1 ,a pleas+ c\nt5ance1 a pi]c+ eye1 an accompli%$ s*ol>1 an exalt$ /ation4 ,_m p>ticipial adjectives are d]ivatives =m$ f p>ticiples by ! negative prefix un1 :i* rev]ses ! mean+ ( ! primitive ^w2 z1 undi/urb$1 undivid$1 un5light5$4 ,mo/ words ( ?is k9d diff] ( c\rse f p>ticiples1 because !re are no su* v]bs z to undi/urb1 to undivide1 c4 ,yet !y may be call$ p>ticipial adjectives1 because !y h ! t]m9ation1 & embrace ! =m1 ( p>ticiples4 ,nor %\ld any p>ticipial adjective be ne$lessly v>i$ f ! true or?ography ( ! p>ticiple3 a di/9ction is1 h[ev]1 obs]v$ by "s writ]s1 betwe5 pa/ & pass$1 /aid & /ay$2 & "s old words1 z drunk51 /rick51 %ott51 rott51 n[ obsolete z p>ticiples1 are /ill reta9$ z adjectives4 ,?is sort ( words w be fur!r notic$ 9 ! *apt] on p>ticiples4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,adv]bs are g5]ally di/+ui%$ f adjectives1 by ! =m1 z well z by ! con/ruction1 ( ! words4 ,yet1 9 in/ances n a few1 ! same ^w is capable ( be+ us$ bo? adjectively & adv]bially4 ,9 ^! cases1 ! s*ol> mu/ det]m9e ! "p ( spee*1 by ! con/ruction alone2 rememb]+ t adjectives belong to n\ns or pron\ns only2 & adv]bs1 to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs1 only4 ,! foll[+ examples f ,scripture1 w p>tially illu/rate ?is po9t1 :i* w be notic$ aga9 "u ! head ( syntax3 ,is y\r fa!r well8--,g541 xliii1 #bg4 ,?\ ha/ well said4--,john1 iv1 #ag4 ,he sep>ate? v fri5ds4--,prov41 xvii1 #i4 ,esaias is v bold4--,rom41 x1 #bj4 ,= a pret5ce1 ye make long pray]4--,matt41 xxiii1 #ad4 ,!y t t>ry long at ! w9e4--,prov41 xxiii1 #cj4 ,x _h n mu* e>?4--,m>k1 iv1 #e4 ,= %e lov$ mu*4--,luke1 vii1 #dg4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,prepositions1 9 reg>d to _! con/ruction1 diff] f adjectives1 almo/ exactly z active-transitive p>ticiples diff] syntactically f adjectives3 t is1 9 /ead ( be+ m]e adjuncts to ! words :i* foll[ !m1 !y gov]n ^? words1 & ref] back to "s o!r t]m2 :i*1 9 ! usual ord] ( spee*1 /&s be=e !m4 ,?us1 if ,i say1 ,a spread+ oak1 spread+ is an adjective relat+ to oak2 if1 ,a boy spread+ hay1 spread+ is a p>ticiple1 gov]n+ hay1 & relat+ to boy1 because ! boy is ! ag5t ( ! action4 ,s1 :5 ,dr4 ,web/] says1 ,! (f horse 9 a team1 (f is an adjective1 relat+ to ! n\n horse2 b1 9 ! phrase1 ,a man (f 8 gu>d1 (f is a preposition1 %[+ ! relation betwe5 man & gu>d1 & gov]n+ ! latt]4 ,! foll[+ are o!r examples3 ,f ! above speculations4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #aid4 ,an aft] p]iod ( life4--,,m>%all3 9 ,web4 ,dict4 ,) "s o!r ( ! aft] ,judaical rites4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #hf4 ,:om ?is b5ea? _w do? embrace & hug4--,%ak4 ,especially is ov] ex]tion made4--,j\rnal ( ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #aai4 ,to bo? ! "u worlds4--,hudibras4 ,please to pay to ,a4 ,b4 ! am\nt ( ! )9 bill4 ,:e!r prop]ly us$ or n1 ! words above1 aft]1 b5ea?1 ov]1 "u1 & )91 are "h unque/ionably made adjectives2 yet e s*ol> kn[s1 t !y are g5]ally prepositions1 ?\gh sometimes adv]bs4 ,,classes4 ,adjectives may be divid$ into six classes2 namely1 common1 prop]1 num]al1 pronom9al1 p>ticipial1 & comp\nd4 ,i4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation2 z1 ,good1 bad1 peaceful1 w>like--ea/]n1 we/]n1 out]1 inn]4 ,,ii4 ,a prop] adjective is an adjective =m$ f a prop] "n2 z1 ,am]ican1 ,engli%1 ,platonic1 ,g5oese4 ,,iii4 ,a num]al adjective is an adjective t expresses a def9ite numb]2 z1 ,"o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five1 six1 c4 ,,iv4 ,a pronom9al adjective is a def9itive ^w :i* may ei!r accompany its n\n1 or repres5t x und]/ood2 z1 ,all jo9 to gu>d :at ea* desires to ga94--,pope4 ,t is1 ,all m5 jo9 to gu>d :at ea* man desires to ga94 ,v4 ,a p>ticipial adjective is "o t has ! =m ( a p>ticiple1 b diff]s f x by reject+ ! idea ( "t2 z1 ,an amus+ /ory1--,a ly+ div9ation4 ,,vi4 ,a comp\nd adjective is "o t consi/s ( two or m words jo9$ toge!r1 ei!r by ! hyph5 or solidly3 z1 ,nut-br[n1 laught]-lov+1 f\r-foot$2 ?reefold1 lordlike1 lovesick4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,?is di/ribution ( ! adjectives is no less easy to be appli$1 ?an necess>y to a prop] explanation 9 p>s+4 ,h[ _m adjectives !re are 9 ! language1 x is difficult to say2 none ( our diction>ies pr(ess to exhibit all t are embrac$ 9 "s ( ! =ego+ classes4 ,( ! ,common ,adjectives1 !re are probably n few] ?an six ?\s&1 exclusive ( ! common n\ns :i* we ref] to ?is class :5 !y are us$ adjectively4 ,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,diction>y conta9s five ?\s& or m1 ! great] "p ( :i* may be readily di/+ui%$ by _! peculi> end+s4 ,( ^? :i* end 9 ous1 z g5]\s1 !re are ab\t #hej4 ,( ^? 9 y or ly1 z %aggy1 homely1 !re are ab\t #eej4 ,( ^? 9 ive1 z deceptive1 !re are ab\t #djj4 ,( ^? 9 al1 z autumnal1 !re are ab\t #eej4 ,( ^? 9 ical1 z me*anical1 !re are ab\t #cej4 ,( ^? 9 able1 z valuable1 !re are ab\t #fjj4 ,( ^? 9 ible1 z cr$ible1 !re are ab\t #bjj4 ,( ^? 9 ent1 z diff]5t1 !re are ab\t #cjj4 ,( ^? 9 ant1 z abundant1 !re are ab\t #agj4 ,( ^? 9 less1 z ceaseless1 !re are ab\t #bbj4 ,( ^? 9 ful1 z useful1 !re are ab\t #acj4 ,( ^? 9 ory1 z explanatory1 !re are ab\t #bjj4 ,( ^? 9 i%1 z *ildi%1 !re are ab\t #ajj4 ,( ^? 9 ine1 z mascul9e1 !re are ab\t #gj4 ,( ^? 9 en1 z wood51 !re are ab\t #ej4 ,( ^? 9 "s1 z qu>relsome1 !re are ab\t #cj4 ,^! sixte5 numb]s add$ toge!r1 make #dggj4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! ,prop] ,adjectives are1 9 _m in/ances1 capable ( be+ conv]t$ into decl9able n\ns3 z1 ,european1 a ,european1 ! ,europeans2 ,greek1 a ,greek1 ! ,greeks2 ,asiatic1 an ,asiatic1 ! ,asiatics4 ,b ) ! words ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,scot*1 ,wel%1 ,iri%1 & 9 g5]al all su* z w\ld acquire an additional syllable 9 _! decl5sion1 ! case is o!rwise4 ,! g5tile n\n has frequ5tly few] syllables ?an ! adjective1 b seldom m1 unless d]iv$ f "s diff]5t root4 ,examples3 ,arabic1 an ,arab1 ! ,arabs2 ,gallic1 a ,gaul1 ! ,gauls2 ,dani%1 a ,dane1 ! ,danes2 ,moori%1 a ,moor1 ! ,moors2 ,poli%1 a ,pole1 or ,pol&]1 ! ,poles2 ,sw$i%1 a ,sw$e1 ! ,sw$es2 ,turki%1 a ,turk1 ! ,turks4 ,:5 we say1 ! ,engli%1 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,dut*1 ! ,scot*1 ! ,wel%1 ! ,iri%1--mean+1 ! ,engli% p1 ! ,fr5* p1 c41 _m gramm>ians conceive t ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 c41 are indecl9able n\ns4 ,b 9 my op9ion1 x is bett] to reckon !m adjectives1 relat+ to ! n\n m5 or p und]/ood4 ,= if ^! words are n\ns1 s are a ?\s& o!rs1 aft] :i* !re is ! same ellipsis2 z :5 we say1 ! good1 ! great1 ! wise1 ! le>n$4#afh ,! pr9ciple w\ld involve ! inconv5i5ce ( multiply+ our n\ns ( ! s+ul> =m & a plural mean+1 indef9itely4 ,if !y are n\ns1 !y are1 9 ?is s5se1 plural only2 &1 9 an o!r1 !y are s+ul> only4 ,= we c no m say1 an ,engli%1 an ,iri%1 or a ,fr5*1 = an ,engli%man1 an ,iri%man1 or a ,fr5*man2 ?an we c say1 an old1 a selfi%1 or a ri*1 = an old man1 a selfi% man1 or a ri* man4 ,yet1 9 di/+ui%+ ! languages1 we call !m ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,scot*1 ,wel%1 ,iri%2 us+ ! words1 c]ta9ly1 9 no plural s5se2 & pref]r+ always ! l9e ( adjectives1 :]e ! g5tile n\n is diff]5t3 z1 ,arabic1 & n ,arab2 ,dani%1 & n ,dane2 ,sw$i%1 & n ,sw$e4 ,9 ?is s5se1 z well z 9 ! =m]1 ,web/]1 ,*alm]s1 & o!r mod]n lexicograph]s1 call ! words n\ns2 & ! read] w p]ceive1 t ! objections (f]$ be=e d n apply "h4 ,b ,johnson1 9 8 two qu>to volumes1 gives only two words ( ?is sort1 ,engli% & ,lat92 & bo? ( ^! he calls adjectives3 ,,engli%1 adj4 ,belong+ to ,engl&2 h5ce ,engli%#afi is ! language ( ,engl&4 ,! ^w ,lat91 h[ev]1 he makes a n\n1 :5 x means a s*oolboy's ex]cise2 = :i* usage he quotes1 ! foll[+ inaccurate example f ,as*am3 ,he %all n use ! common ord] 9 s*ools = mak+ ( ,lat9s4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,dr4 ,web/] gives u explanations l ^!3 ,,*9ese1 n4 s+4 & plu4 ,a native ( ,*9a2 also ! language ( ,*9a4--,,japanese1 n4 ,a native ( ,japan2 or ! language ( ! inhabitants4--,,g5oese1 n4 pl4 ! p ( ,g5oa 9 ,italy4 ,addison4--,,dani%1 n4 ,! language ( ! ,danes4--,,iri%1 n4 #a4 ,a native ( ,irel&4 #b4 ,! language ( ! ,iri%2 ! ,hib]no-,celtic4 ,accord+ to him1 !n1 x is prop] to say1 a ,*9ese1 a ,japanese1 or an ,iri%2 b n1 a ,g5oese1 because he w h ?is ^w to be plural only6 ,aga91 if ) him we call a native ( ,irel& an ,iri%1 w n m ?an "o be ,iri%es8#agj ,if a native ( ,japan be a ,japanese1 w n m ?an "o be ,japaneses8 ,9 %ort1 is x n pla91 t ! words1 ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,portuguese1 ,maltese1 ,g5oese1 ,milanese1 & all o!rs ( l =mation1 %\ld foll[ "o & ! same rule8 ,& if s1 :at is t rule8 ,is x n ?is2--t1 l ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 c41 !y are always adjectives2 except1 p]haps1 :5 !y d5ote languages8 ,!re may possibly be "s real au?ority f usage1 = call+ a native ( ,*9a a ,*9ese1--( ,japan a ,japanese1--c42 z !re is also = ! regul> plurals1 ,*9eses1 ,japaneses1 c42 b is x1 9 ei!r case1 good & suffici5t au?ority8 ,! l =ms1 x is ackn[l$g$1 are1 on "s occasions1 m]e adjectives2 &1 9 mod]n usage1 we d n f9d ^! words inflect$1 z !y 7 =m]ly4 ,examples3 ,! ,*9ese are by no means a cleanly p1 ei!r 9 p]son or dress4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #dae4 ,! ,japanese excel 9 work+ 9 copp]1 iron1 & /eel4--,ib41 p4 #dai4 ,! ,portuguese are ( ! same orig9 ) ! ,spani>ds4--,ib41 p4 #bgb4 ,by :om ! undaunt$ ,tyrolese are l$4--,wordswor?'s ,poems1 p4 #abb4 ,aga93 ,among/ ! ,portugueses1 'tis s mu* a ,fa%ion1 & ,emulation1 among/ _! ,*ildr51 to le>n to ,read1 & ,write1 t !y _c h9d] !m f x4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #bga4 ,! ,malteses d s1 :o h>d5 ! ,bodies ( _! ,*ildr51 & reconcile !m to ! ,heat1 by mak+ !m g />k ,nak$4--,idem1 ,edition ( #affi1 p4 #e4 ,,*9ese1 n4 s4 ,us$ elliptically = ! language & p ( ,*9a3 plural1 ,*9eses4 ,sir ,t4 ,h]b]t4--,abridgem5t ( ,todd's ,johnson4 ,?is is c]ta9ly absurd4 ,= if ,*9ese is us$ elliptically = ! p ( ,*9a1 x is an adjective1 & does n =m ! plural1 ,*9eses3 :i* is precisely :at ,i urge conc]n+ ! :ole class4 ,^! plural =ms ought n to be imitat$4 ,horne ,tooke quotes "s fri5d ( 81 z say+1 ,no1 ,i w nev] desc5d ) him b5ea? ev5 a ,japanese3 & ,i rememb] :at ,voltaire rem>ks ( t c\ntry4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 i1 #ahg4 ,9 ?is case1 he ought1 unque/ionably1 to h said--b5ea? ev5 a native ( ,japan2 because1 :e!r ,japanese be a n\n or n1 x is absurd to call a ,japanese1 t c\ntry4 ,butl]1 9 8 ,hudibras1 some:]e uses ! ^w ,*9eses2 & x 01 p]haps1 9 8 day1 common2 b /ill1 ,i say1 x is contr>y to analogy1 & !re=e wrong4 ,milton1 too1 has x3 ,b 9 8 way lights on ! b>r5 pla9s ,( ,s]icana1 :]e ,*9eses#aga drive ,) sails & w9d _! cany waggons light4 --,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #dcg4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! ,num]al ,adjectives are ( ?ree k9ds1 namely1 c>d9al1 ord9al1 & multiplicative3 ea* k9d runn+ on 9 a s]ies indef9itely4 ,?us3-- #a4 ,c>d9al2 ,"o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five1 six1 sev51 eight1 n9e1 t51 elev51 twelve1 ?irte51 f\rte51 fifte51 sixte51 sev5te51 eighte51 n9ete51 tw5ty1 tw5ty-"o1 tw5ty-two1 c4 #b4 ,ord9al2 ,fir/1 second1 ?ird1 f\r?1 fif?1 six?1 sev5?1 eigh?1 n9?1 t5?1 elev5?1 twelf?1 ?irte5?1 f\rte5?1 fifte5?1 sixte5?1 sev5te5?1 eighte5?1 n9ete5?1 tw5tie?1 tw5ty-fir/1 tw5ty-second1 c4 #c4 ,multiplicative2 ,s+le or alone1 d\ble or tw(old1 triple or ?reefold1 quadruple or f\rfold1 qu9tuple or fivefold1 sextuple or sixfold1 septuple or sev5fold1 octuple or eightfold1 c4 ,b high t]ms ( ?is s]ies are seldom us$4 ,all t occur above decuple or t5fold1 are writt5 ) a hyph51 & are usually ( r\nd numb]s only2 z1 ?irty-fold1 sixty-fold1 hundr$-fold4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,a c>d9al num]al d5otes ! :ole numb]1 b ! correspond+ ord9al d5otes only ! la/ "o ( t numb]1 or1 at ! beg9n+ ( a s]ies1 ! fir/ ( sev]al or _m4 ,?us3 ,"o d5otes simply ! numb] "o1 )\t any reg>d to m2 b fir/ has respect to m1 & s d5otes only ! fir/ "o ( a great] numb]2 & two means ! numb] two completely2 b second1 ! la/ "o ( two3 & s ( all ! re/4--,burn's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,a c>d9al numb] answ]s to ! "q1 ,h[ _m8 ,an ord9al numb] answ]s to ! "q1 ,:i* "o8 or1 ,:at "o8 ,all ! ord9al numb]s1 except fir/1 second1 ?ird1 & ! comp\nds ( ^!1 z tw5ty-fir/1 tw5ty-second1 tw5ty-?ird1 are =m$ directly f ! c>d9al numb]s by means ( ! t]m9ation ?4 ,& z ! primitives1 9 ?is case1 are _m ( !m ei!r comp\nd words1 or phrases consi/+ ( sev]al words1 x is to be obs]v$1 t ! addition is made to ! la/ t]m only4 ,t is1 ( e comp\nd ord9al numb]1 ! la/ t]m only is ord9al 9 =m4 ,?us we say1 =ty-n9?1 & n =tie?-n9?2 nor c\ld ! mean+ ( ! phrase1 f\r hundr$ & fiftie?1 be express$ by say+1 f\r? hundr$? & fiftie?2 = ?is1 if x means any ?+1 speaks ( ?ree diff]5t numb]s4 ,,obs4 #f4--,"s ( ! num]als are (t5 us$ z n\ns2 &1 z su*1 are regul>ly decl9$3 z1 ,ones1 twoes1 ?rees1 f\rs1 fives1 c4 ,s1 ,fif?s1 six?s1 sev5?s1 eigh?s1 n9?s1 t5?s1 c4 ,! sev5ty's translation4--,wilson's ,hebrew ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,i w n d x = =ty's sake4--,g541 xviii1 #bi4 ,i w n de/roy x = tw5ty's sake4--,ib41 v]4 #ca4 ,= t5's sake4--,ib41 v]4 #cb4 ,!y sat d[n 9 ranks1 by hundr$s1 & by fifties4--,m>k1 vi1 #dj4 ,!re are millions ( tru?s t a man is n conc]n$ to "k4--,locke4 ,) ! comp\nd num]als1 su* a con/ruction is less common2 yet ! d5om9ator ( a fraction may be a numb] ( ?is sort3 z1 sev5 tw5ty-fif?s4 ,& "h x may be obs]v$1 t1 9 /ead ( ! anci5t phraseology1 z 9 #a ,*ron41 xxiv1 #ag?1 ,! "o & tw5tie? to ,ja*91 ! two & tw5tie? to ,gamul1 ! ?ree & tw5tie? to ,delaiah1 ! f\r & tw5tie? to ,maaziah1 we n[ g5]ally say1 ! tw5ty-fir/1 ! tw5ty-second1 c42 us+ ! hyph5 9 all comp\nds till we arrive at "o hundr$1 or "o hundr$?1 & !n fir/ introduc+ ! ^w &2 z1 "o hundr$ & "o1 or "o hundr$ & fir/1 c4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! ,pronom9al ,adjectives are comp>atively v few2 b frequ5cy ( use gives !m great importance 9 gramm>4 ,! foll[+ words are p]haps all t prop]ly belong to ?is class1 & sev]al ( ^! are mu* (t5] some?+ else3 ,all1 any1 bo?1 c]ta91 div]s1 ea*1 ei!r1 else1 en\gh1 e1 few1 few]1 fewe/1 =m]1 fir/1 latt]1 la/1 little1 less1 lea/1 _m1 m1 mo/1 mu*1 nei!r1 no or none1 "o1 o!r1 own1 only1 same1 sev]al1 "s1 su*1 sundry1 t1 ?is1 ^!1 ^?1 :at1 :atev]1 :atsoev]1 :i*1 :i*ev]1 :i*soev]4#agb ,( ^! =ty-six words1 sev5 are always s+ul>1 if ! ^w "o is n an exception2 namely1 ea*1 ei!r1 e1 nei!r1 "o1 t1 ?is3 & n9e or t5 o!rs are always plural1 if ! ^w _m is n an exception2 namely1 bo?1 div]s1 few1 few]1 fewe/1 _m1 sev]al1 sundry1 ^!1 ^?4 ,all ! re/1 l our common adjectives1 are applicable to n\ns ( ei!r numb]4 ,else1 e1 only1 no1 & none1 are def9itive words1 :i* ,i h ?\ght prop] to call pronom9al adjectives1 ?\gh only ! la/ c n[ ) propriety be made to repres5t its n\n und]/ood4 ,nor has ,vossius1 or any else t ,i "k (1 obs]v$ x4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bgi4 ,say1 or any "o else4 ,dr4 ,web/] expla9s ?is ^w else ?us3 ,,else1 a4 or pron4 ,sax4 elles ,o!r2 "o or some?+ beside2 z1 ,:o else is com+8--,octavo ,dict4 ,ea* & e ( !m1 is an old phrase 9 :i* e is us$ pronom9ally1 or ) ellipsis ( ! ^w to :i* x ref]s2 b1 9 common disc\rse1 we n[ say1 e "o1 e man1 c41 nev] us+ ! ^w e alone to sugge/ its n\n4 ,only is p]haps mo/ commonly an adv]b2 b x is /ill 9 frequ5t use z an adjective2 & 9 old books we sometimes f9d an ellipsis ( ! n\n to :i* x belongs2 z1 ,nei!r are !y ! only v]bs 9 :i* x is read4--,johnson's ,grammatical ,comm5t>ies1 p4 #cgc4 ,b ,i ?9k he is ! only "o ( ^! ,au?ors4--,ib41 p4 #aic4 ,no & none seem to be only diff]5t =ms ( ! same adjective2 ! =m] be+ us$ be=e a n\n express$1 & ! latt] :5 ! n\n is und]/ood1 or n plac$ aft] ! adjective2 z1 ,= none ( u live? to himself1 & no man die? to himself4--,romans1 xiv1 #g4 ,none 0 anci5tly us$ = no be=e all words beg9n+ ) a v[el s\nd2 z1 ,!y are sotti% *ildr52 & !y h none und]/&+4--,j]emiah1 iv1 #bb4 ,?is practice is n[ obsolete4 ,none is /ill us$1 :5 its n\n prec$es x2 z1 ,fools6 :o f h5ce into ! notion fall1 ,t vice or virtue !re is none at all4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #h4--,( ! words giv5 9 ! =ego+ li/ z pronom9al adjectives1 ab\t "o ?ird are sometimes us$ adv]bially4 ,!y are ! foll[+3 ,all1 :5 x means totally2 any1 = 9 any degree2 else1 mean+ o!rwise2 en\gh1 signify+ suffici5tly2 fir/1 = 9 ! fir/ place2 la/1 = 9 ! la/ place2 little1 = 9 a small degree2 less1 = 9 a small] degree2 lea/1 = 9 ! smalle/ degree2 mu*1 = 9 a great degree2 m1 = 9 a great] degree2 mo/1 = 9 ! greate/ degree2 no1 or none1 = 9 no degree2 only1 = s+ly1 m]ely1 b>ely2 :at1 = 9 :at degree1 or 9 h[ great a degree4#agc ,to ^! may p]haps be add$ ! ^w o!r1 :5 us$ z an alt]native to someh[2 z1 ,someh[ or o!r he w be fav\r$4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #hi4 ,"h o!r seems to be put = o!rwise2 & yet ! latt] ^w w\ld n be agreeable 9 su* a s5t5ce4 ,some:]e or o!r1 is a k9dr$ phrase equally common1 & equally good2 or1 r1 equally irregul> & puzzl+4 ,w\ld x n be bett]1 always to avoid bo?1 by say+1 9 _! /ead1 ,9 "s way or o!r1--,9 someplace or o!r8 ,9 ! foll[+ examples1 h[ev]1 o!r seems to be us$ = o!rwise1 )\t su* a connection3 ,h[ is ,,t us$1 o!r ?an z a ,conjunction8--,a9swor?'s ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,w x n be receiv'd t !y h done 't8 --,:o d>es receive x o!r8--,,%ak43 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,o!r4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,all & en\gh1 little & mu*1 m & less1 sometimes sugge/ ! idea ( quantity s ab/ractly1 t we c h>dly consid] !m z adjuncts to any o!r words2 = :i* reason1 !y are1 9 ?is absolute s5se1 put d[n 9 our diction>ies z n\ns4 ,if n\ns1 h[ev]1 !y are nev] inflect$ by cases or numb]s2 nor d !y 9 g5]al admit ! usual adjuncts or def9itives ( n\ns4#agd ,?us1 we c nei!r say1 ! all1 = ! :ole1 nor an en\gh1 = a suffici5cy4 ,& ?\gh a little1 ! m1 & ! less1 are common phrases1 ! article does n "h prove ! foll[+ ^w to be a n\n2 because ! expression may ei!r be elliptical1 or h ! con/ruction ( an adv]b3 z1 ,?\gh ! m abundantly ,i love y1 ! less ,i be lov$4--#b ,cor41 xii1 #ae4 ,dr4 ,johnson seems to suppose t ! p>titive use ( ^! words makes !m n\ns2 z1 ,!y h mu* ( ! poetry ( ,mecnas1 b little ( 8 lib]ality4--,,dryd53 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 adjectives innum]able w\ld be made n\ns2 = we c j z well say1 ,"s ( ! poetry1--,any ( ! poetry1--,! be/ ( ,poetry1 c4 ,9 all su* expressions1 ! "n ( ! ?+ divid$1 is und]/ood 9 ! p>titive ^w2 = a "p ( any ?+ mu/ ne$s be ( ! same species z ! :ole4 ,nor 0 ?is great gramm>ian suffici5tly att5tive to adjuncts1 9 det]m9+ ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,ne>ly all1 q en\gh1 s little1 too mu*1 va/ly m1 r less1 & an abundance ( simil> phrases1 are famili> to e body2 9 none ( :i*1 c any ( ^! words ( quantity1 h[ev] ab/ract1 be v prop]ly reckon$ n\ns2 because ! prec$+ ^w is an adv]b1 & adv]bs d n relate to any words t are lit]ally n\ns4 ,all ^! may also be us$ p>titively2 z1 ,ne>ly all ( u4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! foll[+ are "s ( ,dr4 ,johnson's n\ns2 :i*1 9 connexion ) ! =ego+ rem>ks1 ,i w\ld submit to ! judgem5t ( ! read]3 ',!n %all we be news-cramm$4'--',all ! bett]2 we %all be ! m rem>kable4'--,,%ak43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,all ! fitt]1 ,l5tulus2 our com+ is n = salutation2 we h bus9ess4--,,b5 ,,jonson3 ib4 ',tis en\gh = me to h endeav\r$ ! union ( my c\ntry4--,,temple3 ib4 ,ye take too mu* ^u y4--,,numb]s3 ib4 ,! fate ( love is su*1 t /ill x sees too little or too mu*4--,,dryd53 ib4 ,he ?\ght n mu* to clo! 8 enemies4--,,milton3 ib4 ,!re rema9$ n s mu* z "o ( !m4--,ib41 ,exod41 xiv1 #bh4 ,we w cut wood out ( ,lebanon1 z mu* z ?\ %alt ne$4--,ib41 #b ,*ronicles4 ,! matt] ( ! univ]se 0 creat$ be=e ! flood2 if any m 0 creat$1 !n !re mu/ be z mu* annihilat$ to make room = x4--,,burnet3 ib4 ,! ,"l d s1 & mu* m1 to ,jona?an4--#a ,,samuel3 ib4 ,!y t w\ld h m & m1 c nev] h en\gh2 no1 n if a miracle %\ld int]pose to gratify _! av>ice4--,l',,e/range3 ib4 ,!y ga!r$ "s m1 "s less4--,,exodus3 ib4 ,?y s]vant knew no?+ ( ?is1 less or m4--#a ,,samuel3 ib4 ,! fir/ two examples above1 ,johnson expla9s ?us3 ,t is1 ',e ?+ is ! bett]4'--,e ?+ is ! fitt]4--,qu>to ,dict4 ,! propriety ( ?is solution may well be d\bt$2 because ! simil> phrases1 ,s mu* ! bett]1--,none ! fitt]1 w\ld c]ta9ly be p]v]t$1 if resolv$ 9 ! same way3 mu* & none are "h1 v cle>ly1 adv]bs4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,:atev] disposition may be made ( ! t]ms cit$ above1 !re are in/ances 9 :i* "s ( ! same words c h>dly be any ?+ else ?an n\ns4 ,?us all1 :5 x signifies ! :ole1 or e ?+1 may be reckon$ a n\n2 z1 ,our all is at /ake1 & irretrievably lo/1 if we fail ( success4--,addison4 ,a tor*1 snuff & all1 goes out 9 a mom5t1 :5 dipp$ 9 ! vap\r4--,id4 ,! fir/ bla/ ( w9d laid x flat on ! gr\nd2 ne/1 eagles1 & all4--,l',e/range4 ,f9d+1 ! wret*$ all !y "h c h1 ,b pres5t food1 & b a future grave4--,prior4 ,& w %e yet debase h] eyes on me2 ,on me1 ^: all n equals ,edw>d's moiety8--,%ak4 ,?\ %alt be all 9 all1 & ,i 9 !e1 ,=ev]2 & 9 me all :om ?\ lov'/4--,milton4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,!re are yet "s o!r words1 :i*1 by _! con/ruction alone1 are to be di/+ui%$ f ! pronom9al adjectives4 ,bo?1 :5 x /&s z a correspond5t to &1 is reckon$ a conjunction2 z1 ,= bo? he t sanctifie?1 & !y :o are sanctifi$1 are all ( "o4--,heb41 ii1 #aa4 ,b1 9 s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 x seems to be an adjective1 ref]r+ to ! n\ns :i* prec$e3 ,language & mann]s are bo? e/abli%$ by ! usage ( p ( fa%ion4--,am]4 ,*e/]field1 p4 #hc4 ,s ei!r1 correspond+ to or1 & nei!r1 ref]r+ to nor1 are conjunctions1 & n adjectives4 ,:i* & :at1 ) _! comp\nds1 :i*ev] or :i*soev]1 :atev] or :atsoev]1 ?\gh sometimes put be=e n\ns z adjectives1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 relative or int]rogative pron\ns4 ,:5 ! n\n is us$ aft] !m1 !y are adjectives2 :5 x is omitt$1 !y are pron\ns3 z1 ,!re is a witness ( ,god1 :i* witness gives true judgem5t4--,i4 ,p5+ton4 ,"h ! ^w witness might be omitt$1 & :i* w\ld become a relative pron\n4 ,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,?y1 my1 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 are pronom9al adjectives4--,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,?is ,i d5y2 & ! read] may see my reasons1 9 ! obs]vations ^u ! decl5sion ( pron\ns4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,! words "o & o!r1 besides _! primitive uses z adjectives1 9 :i* !y /ill rema9 )\t inflection1 are frequ5tly employ$ z n\ns1 or z sub/itutes = n\ns2 &1 9 ?is sub/antive or pronom9al "*1 !y commonly h ! regul> decl5sion ( n\ns1 & are reckon$ su* by "s gramm>ians2 ?\gh o!rs call !m indef9ite pron\ns1 & "s1 7among :om are ,l[? & ,comly17 leave !m ) ! pronom9al adjectives1 ev5 :5 !y are decl9$ 9 bo? numb]s4 ,ea* ( !m may be prec$$ by ei!r ( ! articles2 & s g5]al is ! signification ( ! =m]1 t almo/ any adjective may likewise come be=e x3 z1 ,any "o1 "s "o1 su* a "o1 _m a "o1 a new "o1 an old "o1 an o!r "o1 ! same "o1 ! "y ones1 ! little ones1 ! mighty ones1 ! wick$ "o1 ! ,holy ,"o1 ! ,ev]la/+ ,"o4 ,s1 l ! ,fr5* on1 or l'on1 ! ^w "o1 )\t any adjective1 is n[ v frequ5tly us$ z a g5]al or indef9ite t]m = any man1 or any p]son4 ,9 ?is s5se1 x is sometimes1 unque/ionably1 to be pref]r$ to a p]sonal pron\n appli$ indef9itely3 z1 ,pure religion1 & undefil$ be=e ,god & ! ,fa!r1 is ?is1 ,to visit ! fa!rless & wid[s 9 _! affliction1 & to keep himself bett]1 "o's self unspott$ f ! _w4--,james1 i1 #bg4 ,b1 z its g5]ality ( mean+ seems to af=d a sort ( cov]+ = egotism1 "s writ]s are tempt$ to make too frequ5t a use ( x4 ,*ur*ill ridicules ?is practice1 by fram+1 or anonym\sly cit+1 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,if "o did b d>e to abide by "o's own judgem5t1 "o's language w\ld be mu* m ref9$2 b "o fancies "o's self oblig$ to foll[1 :]eev] ! _m *oose to lead "o4--,see ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bbi4 ,"h e s*ol> w concur ) ! critic 9 ?9k+1 x w\ld be bett] to say3 ,if we did b d>e to abide by our own judgem5t1 our language w\ld be mu* m ref9$2 b we fancy ourselves oblig$ to foll[ :]ev] ! _m *oose to lead u4--,see ib4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,( ! pronom9al adjectives ! foll[+ di/ribution has be5 made3 ,ea*1 e1 & ei!r1 are call$ di/ributives2 because1 ?\gh !y imply all ! p]sons or ?+s t make up a numb]1 !y consid] !m1 n z "o :ole1 b z tak5 sep>ately4 ,?is1 t1 =m]1 latt]1 bo?1 nei!r1 are t]m$ demon/ratives2 because !y po9t out precisely ! subjects to :i* !y relate4 ,?is has ^! = its plural2 t has ^?4 ,?is & t are frequ5tly put 9 opposition to ea* o!r2 ?is1 to express :at is ne>] 9 place or "t2 t1 :at is m remote4 ,all1 any1 "o1 o!r1 "s1 su*1 are t]m$ indef9ite4 ,ano!r is m]ely o!r 9 ! s+ul>1 ) ! indef9ite article n kept sep>ate f x4#age ,o!r1 :5 n jo9$ ) a n\n1 is occasionally us$ bo? 9 ! possessive case1 & 9 ! plural numb]3 z1 ',tea* me to feel an o!r's wo1 to hide ! fault ,i see2 ,t m]cy ,i to o!rs %[1 t m]cy %[ to me4'--,pope4 ,ea* o!r & "o ano!r1 :5 us$ 9 conjunction1 may be t]m$ reciprocals2 z !y are employ$ to express a reciprocal action2 ! =m]1 betwe5 two p]sons or ?+s2 ! latt]1 betwe5#agf m ?an two4 ,! possessive cases ( ! p]sonal pron\ns h be5 also rank$ "u ! head ( pronom9al adjectives1 & /yl$ possessives2 b = ?is ,i see no good reason4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,! reciprocal t]ms ea* o!r & "o an o!r divide1 accord+ to "s mutual act or int]*angeable relation1 ! p]sons or ?+s spok5 (1 & are commonly ( ! s+ul> numb] only4 ,ea* o!r1 if rightly us$1 supposes two1 & only two1 to be act+ & act$ ^u reciprocally2 "o an o!r1 if n misappli$1 supposes m ?an two1 "u l circum/ances1 & has an indef9ite ref]5ce to all tak5 di/ributively3 z1 ,brutus & ,aruns kill$ ea* o!r4 ,t is1 ,ea* combatant kill$ ! o!r4 ,! disciples 7 comm&$ to love "o an o!r1 & to be will+ to wa% "o an o!r's feet4 ,t is1 ,all ! disciples 7 comm&$ to love mutually2 = bo? t]ms1 "o & o!r1 or "o disciple & an o!r disciple1 mu/ be "h und]/ood z tak5 indef9itely4 ,! read] w obs]ve1 t ! two t]ms ?us br\ght toge!r1 if tak5 sub/antively or pronom9ally 9 p>s+1 mu/ be repres5t$ z be+ ( diff]5t cases2 or1 if we take !m adjectively ! n\n1 :i* is twice to be suppli$1 w necess>ily be s4 ,,obs4 #af4--,misapplications ( ! =ego+ reciprocal t]ms are v frequ5t 9 books1 ?\gh x is /range t phrases s v common %\ld n be rightly und]/ood4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 among 8 explanations ( ! ^w o!r1 has ! foll[+3 ,correlative to ea*1 & applicable to any numb] ( individuals4--,octavo ,dict4 ,o!r is us$ z a sub/itute = a n\n1 & 9 ?is use has ! plural numb] & ! sign ( ! possessive case4--,ib4 ,n[ x is pla91 t ! ^w o!r1 z a correlative to ea*1 may be s f> a sub/itute = a n\n z to take ! =m ( ! possessive case s+ul>1 & p]haps also ! plural2 z1 ,lock'd 9 ea* o!r's arms !y lay4 ,b1 t ! objective o!r1 9 any su* relation1 c convey a plural idea1 or be s loosely applicable--to any numb] ( individuals1 ,i mu/ "h d5y4 ,if x 7 s1 !re w\ld be occasion1 by ! =ego+ rule1 to make x plural 9 =m2 z1 ,! ambiti\s /rive to excel ea* o!rs4 ,b ?is is n ,engli%4 ,nor c x be correct to say ( m ?an two1 ,!y all /rive to excel ea* o!r4 ,because ! explanation mu/ be1 ,ea* /rives to excel o!r2 & su* a con/ruction ( ! ^w o!r is n agreeable to mod]n usage4 ,ea* o!r is !re=e n equival5t to "o an o!r1 b ne>] p]haps to ! "o ! o!r3 z1 ,! two g5]als are indep5d5t ! "o ( ! o!r4--,voltaire's ,*>les ,,xii1 p4 #fg4 ,& ^! are contr>y ! "o to ! o!r4--,gal41 v1 #ag4 ,! necess>y connexion ( ! "o ) ! o!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjd4 ,! latt] phraseology1 be+ def9ite & =mal1 is n[ seldom us$1 except ! t]ms be sep>at$ by a v]b or a preposition4 ,x is a lit]al v]sion ( ! ,fr5* l'un l'autre1 & 9 "s in/ances to be pref]r$ to ea* o!r2 z1 ,s felle/ foes1 ^: plots h broke _! sleep1 ,to take ! "o ! o!r1 by "s *ance4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! ,greek t]m = ! reciprocals ea* o!r & "o an o!r1 is a c]ta9 plural d]ivative f ,greek3 allos1 o!r2 & is us$ 9 ?ree cases1 ! g5itive1 ,greek3 alllon1 ! dative1 ,greek3 alllois1 ! accusative1 ,greek3 alll\s3 ^! be+ all ! cases :i* ! nature ( ! expression admits2 & = all ^! we commonly use ! objective2--t is1 we put ea* or "o be=e ! objective o!r4 ,n[ ^! ,engli% t]ms1 tak5 9 a reciprocal s5se1 seldom1 if ev]1 h any plural =m2 because ! article 9 "o an o!r admits ( none2 & ea* o!r1 :5 appli$ to two p]sons or ?+s1 7z x almo/ always is17 does n require any4 ,i h inde$ se51 9 "s n>rative1 su* an example z ?is3 ,! two m5 7 ready to cut ea* o!rs' ?roats4 ,b ! mean+ c\ld n be1 t ea* 0 ready to cut o!rs' ?roats2 & s9ce1 betwe5 ! two1 !re 0 b "o ?roat = ea* to cut1 x w\ld d\btless be m correct to say1 ea* o!r's ?roat4 ,s ,burns1 9 t\*+ a g5tl] passion1 has an inaccurate elliptical expression3 ',tis :5 a y\?ful1 lov+1 mode/ pair1 ,9 o!rs' arms1 brea! out ! t5d] tale4 --,cott]'s ,sat4 ,night4 ,he meant1 ,9 ea* o!r's arms2 ! apo/rophe be+ misplac$1 & ! metre improp]ly all[$ to exclude a ^w :i* ! s5se requires4 ,n[1 z to ! plural ( ea* o!r1 al?\gh we d n use ! objective1 & say ( _m1 ,!y love ea* o!rs1 !re appe> to be "s in/ances 9 :i* ! possessive plural1 ea* o!rs'1 w\ld n be improp]2 z1 ,sixte5 m9i/]s1 :o meet weekly at ea* o!r's h\ses4--,johnson's ,life ( ,swift4 ,"h ! s+ul> is wrong1 because ! gov]n+ n\n implies a plurality ( own]s4 ,! citiz5s ( diff]5t /ates %\ld "k ea* o!rs *>act]s4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ce4 ,?is also is wrong1 because no possessive sign is us$4 ,ei!r write1 ea* o!rs' *>act]s1 or say1 "o an o!r's "*4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,"o & o!r are1 9 _m in/ances1 t]ms relative & p>titive1 r ?an reciprocal2 &1 9 ?is use1 !re seems to be an occasional dem& = ! plural =m4 ,9 ,fr5*1 two p>ties are contra/$ by les uns--les autres2 a mode ( expression seldom1 if ev] imitat$ 9 ,engli%4 ,?us3 ,il les sp>]a les uns d'avec les autres4 ,t is1 ,he %all sep>ate !m "s f o!rs2--or1 lit]ally1 ! ones f ! o!rs4 ,our v]sion is3 ,he %all sep>ate !m "o f an o!r4--,matt41 xxv1 #cb4 ,beza has x3 ,sep>abit eos alt]os ab alt]is4 ,! ,vulgate3 ,sep>abit eos ab invicem4 ,! ,greek3 ,greek3 ,aphoriei aut\s ap alllon4 ,to sep>ate _m "o f an o!r1 seems1 lit]ally1 to leave none ( !m toge!r2 & ?is is n1 z a %eph]d divide? 8 %eep f ! goats4 ,to express su* an idea ) p]fect propriety1 9 our language1 !re=e1 we mu/ resort to "s o!r phraseology4 ,9 ,campbell's v]sion1 we read3 ,& out ( !m he w sep>ate ! good f ! bad1 z a %eph]d sep>ate? ! %eep f ! goats4 ,bett]1 p]haps1 ?us3 ,& he %all sep>ate !m1 ! righte\s f ! wick$1 z a %eph]d divide? 8 %eep f ! goats4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,dr4 ,bullions says1 ,"o & o!r ref] to ! s+ul> only4--,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ih4 ,( ones & o!rs he takes no notice2 nor is he suffici5tly att5tive to usage 9 respect to ! roots4 ,if !re is any absurdity 9 giv+ a plural mean+ to ! s+ul>s "o & o!r1 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ne$ am5dm5t3 ,! "o prea* ,*ri/ ( cont5tion2 b ! o!r1 ( love4--,philippians1 i1 #af4 ,"h ! "o is put = ! "o class1 & ! o!r = ! o!r class2 ! ellipsis 9 ! fir/ in/ance n be+ a v prop] "o4 ,! confusion arises1 :5 ! "o w put _! sickle into ! o!r's h>ve/4--,,lesley3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,?is may be correct$ by say+1 ! "o p>ty1 or1 ! "o nation1 9 /ead ( ! "o4 ,x is cle> f ,scripture1 t ,anti*ri/ %all be p]mitt$ to "w false miracles1 & t !y %all s c\nt]feit ! true1 t x w be h>d to disc]n ! "o f ! o!r4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #ic4 ,if 9 any ease we may adopt ! ,fr5* con/ruction above1 ! ones f ! o!rs1 x w be prop] "h4 ,aga93 ,i h se5 *ildr5 at a table1 :o1 :atev] 0 !re1 nev] ask$ = any ?+1 b cont5t$ly took :at 0 giv5 !m3 &1 at an o!r place1 ,i h se5 o!rs cry = e ?+ !y saw2 !y mu/ be s]v$ out ( e di%1 & t fir/ too4 ,:at made ?is va/ diff]5ce1 b ?is3 ,t "o 0 accu/om$ to h :at !y call$ or cri$ =2 ! o!r to g )\t x8--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #ee4 ,"h1 7) 7 = 017 ! t]ms ( contra/ ought r to h be51 ! ones--! o!rs2 ! latt]--! =m]2 or1 ! importunate--! mode/4 ,^? nice %ades1 by :i* virtues & vices approa* ea* "o ano!r4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #cej4 ,?is expression %\ld be any ?+1 r ?an :at x is4 ,say1 ,by :i* virtue & vice approa* ea* o!r4 ,or3 ,by :i* c]ta9 virtues & vices approximate-- bl5d--become difficult ( di/9ction4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,mo/ au?ors h giv5 ! "n ( pron\n adjectives1 'pron\ns adjective1' or 'pronom9al adjectives1' to my1 m9e2 our1 ours2 ?y1 ?9e2 y\r1 y\rs2 81 h]1 h]s2 _!1 !irs3 p]haps because !y are foll[$ by1 or ref] to1 "s sub/antive express$ or und]/ood aft] !m4 ,b1 7 !y adjectives1 !y mu/ ei!r express ! quality ( _! sub/antive1 or limit its ext5t3 adjectives prop]ly s call$1 d ! fir/2 def9itive pron\ns d ! la/4 ,all adjectives t are ei!r s+ul> or plural1 agree ) _! sub/antives 9 numb]2 b ,i c say1 ',!y are my books3' my is s+ul>1 & books plural2 !re=e my is n an adjective4 ,besides1 my does n express ! quality ( ! books1 b only asc]ta9s ! possessor1 ! same z ! g5itive or sub/antive does1 to :i* x is simil>4 ,examples3 ',!y are my books2'--',!y are ,john's books2' c4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,to ! class ( ,p>ticipial ,adjectives1 %\ld be ref]r$ all su* words z ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,! simple p>ticiples made adjectives by position2 z4 ,a ro>+ lion1--,a rag+ be>1--,a brawl+ woman1--,a flatt]+ m\?1--,an und]/&+ he>t1--,burn+ coals1--,! he>+ e>1 & ! see+ eye4--,bible4 ,a tr\bl$ f\nta91--,a w\nd$ _s1--,an appo9t$ "t4--,ib4 7#b47 ,words ( a p>ticipial appe>ance1 =m$ f n\ns by add+ ed2 z1 ,! eve ?y sa9t$ "m di$4--,w4 ,scott4 ,:at y write ( me1 w\ld make me m conceit$1 ?an :at ,i scribble myself4--,pope4 7#c47 ,p>ticiples1 or p>ticipial adjectives1 rev]s$ 9 s5se by ! prefix un2 z1 unaspir+1 unavail+1 unbeliev+1 unbatt]$1 un9jur$1 unbefri5d$4 7#d47 ,words ( a p>ticipial =m con/ru$ elliptically1 z if !y 7 n\ns2 z1 ,among ! dy+ & ! dead4--,! call$ ( ,jesus ,*ri/4--,rom41 i1 #f4 ,de>ly belov$1 ,i besee* y4--#a ,pet41 ii1 #aa4 ,! r$eem$ ( ! ,"l %all return4--,isaiah1 li1 #aa4 ,!y talk1 to ! grief ( ?y w\nd$4--,psalms1 lxix1 #bf3 ,m>g94 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,9 ! text1 ,prov41 vii1 #bf1 ,%e ha? ca/ d[n _m w\nd$1 w\nd$ is a p>ticiple2 because ! mean+ is1 _m m5 w\nd$1 & n1 _m w\nd$ m54 ,our ,p>ticipial ,adjectives are exce$+ly num]\s4 ,x is n easy to asc]ta9 h[ _m !re are ( !m2 because almo/ any simple p>ticiple may be set be=e a n\n1 & ?us become an adjective3 z1 ,:]e smil+ spr+ its e>lie/ visit paid1 ,& p>t+ summ]'s l+'r+ blooms delay'd4--,goldsmi?4 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,comp\nd ,adjectives1 be+ =m$ at pleasure1 are bo? num]\s & v>i\s4 ,9 _! =mation1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 analogies may be trac$3 7#a47 ,_m ( !m are =m$ by jo9+ an adjective to its n\n1 & giv+ to ! latt] ! p>ticipial t]m9ation ed2 z1 able-bodi$1 %>p-sight$1 left-h&$1 full-fac$1 flat-nos$1 ?ick-lipp$1 clov5-foot$1 high-heel$4 7#b47 ,9 "s1 two n\ns are jo9$1 ! latt] assum+ ed1 z above2 z1 bell-%ap$1 hawk-nos$1 eagle-sight$1 lion-he>t$1 web-foot$4 7#c47 ,9 "s1 ! object ( an active p>ticiple is plac$ be=e x2 z1 money-gett+1 "t-s]v+1 self-consum+1 cl\d-compell+1 =tune-hunt+1 sleep-di/urb+4 7#d47 ,"s1 embrac+ num]als1 =m a s]ies1 ?\gh x is seldom c>ri$ f>2 z1 "o-legg$1 two-legg$1 ?ree-legg$1 f\r-legg$4 ,s1 "o-leav$1 two-leav$1 ?ree-leav$1 f\r-leav$3 or1 p]haps bett] z ,web/] w h !m1 "o-leaf$1 two-leaf$1 c4 ,b1 ^u ! same pr9ciple1 %ort-liv$1 %\ld be %ort-lif$1 & long-liv$1 long-lif$4 7#e47 ,9 "s1 !re is a comb9ation ( an adjective & a p>ticiple2 z1 noble-look+1 high-s\nd+1 sl[-mov+1 ?or\gh-go+1 h>d-f9i%$1 free-born1 heavy-lad51 only-begott54 7#f47 ,9 "s1 we f9d an adv]b & a p>ticiple unit$2 z1 ev]-liv+1 ill-judg+1 well-pleas+1 f>-%oot+1 =?-issu+1 back-slid+1 ill-tra9$1 d[n-trodd51 above-m5tion$4 7#g47 ,"s consi/ ( a n\n & a p>ticiple :i* might be rev]s$ ) a preposition betwe5 !m2 z1 *ur*-go+1 c>e-craz$1 travel-soil$1 blood-bespott$1 dew-spr9kl$4 7#h47 ,a few1 & ^? inelegant1 t]m9ate ) a preposition2 z1 unlook$-=1 long-look$-=1 un?\ght-(1 unhe>d-(4 7#i47 ,"s are phrases ( _m words1 conv]t$ into "o "p ( spee* by ! hyph52 z1 ,:]e is ! ev]-to-be-hon\r$ ,*auc]8--,wordswor?4 ,&1 ) ,god-only-kn[s-h[-gott5 light1 ,in=ms ! nation :at is wrong or "r4 --,snell+'s ,gift = ,scribbl]s1 p4 #di4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,n\ns d]iv$ f comp\nd adjectives1 are g5]ally disapprov$ by good writ]s2 yet we sometimes meet ) !m3 z1 h>d-he>t$ness1 = h>dness ( he>t1 or cruelty2 quick-sight$ness1 = quickness ( sight1 or p]spicacity2 worldly-m9d$ness1 = devotion to ! _w1 or love ( ga92 heav5ly-m9d$ness1 = ! love ( ,god1 or true piety4 ,9 speak+ ( ance/ors or desc5dants1 we take ! n\n1 fa!r1 "m1 son1 daught]1 or *ild2 prefix ! adjective gr&2 = ! second g5]ation2 great1 = !1 ?ird2 & !n1 sometimes1 repeat ! same1 = degrees m remote3 z1 fa!r1 gr&fa!r1 great-gr&fa!r1 great-great-gr&fa!r4 ,:at w\ld my great-gr&mo!r say1 ?\ght ,i1 c\ld %e "k t ?\ art to be *opp$ up = fuel to w>m ! frigid f+]s ( h] great-great-great-gr&daught]s6--,t4 ,h4 ,bayley4 ,,modifications4 ,adjectives h1 commonly1 no modifications b ! =ms ( comp>ison4 ,comp>ison is a v>iation ( ! adjective1 to express quality 9 diff]5t degrees3 z1 h>d1 h>d]1 h>de/2 s(t1 s(t]1 s(te/4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( comp>ison2 ! positive1 ! comp>ative1 & ! sup]lative4 ,! positive degree is t :i* is express$ by ! adjective 9 its simple =m3 z1 ,an elephant is l>ge2 a m\se1 small2 a lion1 fi]ce1 active1 bold1 & /rong4 ,! comp>ative degree is t :i* is m or less ?an some?+ contra/$ ) x3 z1 ,a :ale is l>g] ?an an elephant2 a m\se is a mu* small] animal ?an a rat4 ,! sup]lative degree is t :i* is mo/ or lea/ ( all includ$ ) x3 z1 ,! :ale is ! l>ge/ ( ! animals t inhabit ?is globe2 ! m\se is ! smalle/ ( all bea/s4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,^? adjectives ^: signification does n admit ( diff]5t degrees1 _c be comp>$2 z1 two1 second1 all1 e1 immortal1 inf9ite4 ,^? adjectives :i* may be v>i$ 9 s5se1 b n 9 =m1 are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs2 z1 fruitful1 m fruitful1 mo/ fruitful--fruitful1 less fruitful1 lea/ fruitful4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,"s scruple to call ! positive a degree ( comp>ison2 on ! gr\nd1 t x does n imply ei!r comp>ison1 or degree4 ,b no quality c exi/1 )\t exi/+ 9 "s degree3 &1 ?\gh ! positive is v frequ5tly us$ )\t ref]5ce to any o!r degree2 z x is ! /&>d1 ) :i* o!r degrees ( ! quality are comp>$1 x is c]ta9ly an ess5tial object ( ! comp>ison4 ,:ile ^! critics all[ only two degrees1 we might 9 fact ) m propriety say1 t !re are five3 #a1 ! quality 9 its /&>d /ate1 or positive degree2 z wise3 #b1 9 a high] /ate1 or ! comp>ative asc5d+2 m wise3 #c1 9 a l[]1 or ! comp>ative desc5d+2 less wise3 #d1 9 ! highe/ /ate1 or sup]lative asc5d+2 mo/ wise3 #e1 9 ! l[e/ /ate1 or sup]lative desc5d+2 lea/ wise4 ,all gramm>ians1 h[ev]1 agree ab\t ! ?+s !mselves1 & ! =ms us$ to express !m2 ?\gh !y diff] ab\t ! names1 by :i* ^! =ms %\ld be call$3 & z ^? names are practically be/1 :i* t5d lea/ to p]plex ! le>n]1 ,i see no good reason "h = deviat+ f :at has be5 e/abli%$ by long cu/om4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bca4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,*ur*ill "h writes plausibly en\gh1 b x w be se51 bo? f 8 explanation1 & f ! =ego+ def9itions ( ! degrees ( comp>ison1 t !re are b ?ree4 ,! comp>ative & ! sup]lative may ea* be di/+ui%able into ! asc5d+ & ! desc5d+1 z (t5 z we pref] ! adv]bial =m to ! regul> v>iation ( ! adjective itself2 b ?is imposes no necessity ( class+ & def9+ !m o!rwise ?an simply z ! comp>ative & ! sup]lative4 ,! assumption ( two comp>atives & two sup]latives1 is n only contr>y to ! univ]sal practice ( ! tea*]s ( gramm>2 b !re is ?is conclusive argum5t aga9/ x--t ! regul> me?od ( comp>ison has no degrees ( dim9ution1 & ! =m :i* has su* degrees1 is no inflection ( ! adjective4 ,if !re is any exception1 x is 9 ! words1 small1 small]1 smalle/1 & little1 less1 lea/4 ,b ( ! smallness or littl5ess1 consid]$ ab/ractly1 ^!1 l all o!rs1 are degrees ( increase1 & n ( dim9ution4 ,small] is z completely opposite to less small1 z wis] is to less wise4 ,less itself is a comp>ative desc5d+1 only :5 x dim9i%es "s o!r quality3 less little1 if ! phrase 7 prop]1 mu/ ne$s be ne>ly equival5t to great] or m4 ,*ur*ill1 h[ev]1 may be q "r 9 ! foll[+ rem>k3 ,! comp>ative asc5d+ ( an adjective1 & ! comp>ative desc5d+ ( an adjective express+ ! opposite quality1 are (t5 consid]$ synonym\s1 by ^? :o d n discrim9ate nicely betwe5 ideas4 ,b less imprud5t does n imply precisely ! same ?+ z m prud5t2 or m brave1 ! same z less c[>dly4--,new ,gram41 p4 #bca4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! def9itions :i* ,i h giv5 ( ! ?ree degrees ( comp>ison1 are new4 ,9 %ort1 ,i "k n :e!r any o!r gramm>ian has ev] giv5 :at may ju/ly be call$ a def9ition1 ( any "o ( !m4 ,"h1 z 9 mo/ o!r p>ts ( gramm>1 loose rem>ks1 ill-writt5 & untrue ass]tions1 h suffic$4 ,! explanations f\nd 9 _m ,engli% gramm>s are ! foll[+3 ,! positive /ate expresses ! quality ( an object1 )\t any increase or dim9ution2 z1 good1 wise1 great4 ,! comp>ative degree increases or less5s ! positive 9 signification2 z1 wis]1 great]1 less wise4 ,! sup]lative degree increases or less5s ! positive to ! highe/ or ! l[e/ degree2 z1 wise/1 greate/1 lea/ wise4 ,! simple ^w1 or positive1 becomes ! comp>ative by add+ r or er2 & ! sup]lative by add+ / or e/1 to ! end ( x4 ,& ! adv]bs m & mo/1 plac$ be=e ! adjective1 h ! same effect2 z1 wise1 m wise1 mo/ wise4--,murray's ,gramm>1 #b;d ,ed41 #agif1 p4 #dg4 ,if a man wi%$ to select "s /rik+ example ( bad writ+--( ?\ghts ill conceiv$1 & n well express$--he c\ld n d bett] ?an take ! =ego+3 provid$ 8 auditors knew en\gh ( gramm> to answ] ! f\r simple que/ions "h involv$2 namely1 ,:at is ! positive degree8 ,:at is ! comp>ative degree8 ,:at is ! sup]lative degree8 ,h[ are adjectives regul>ly comp>$8 ,to ^! que/ions ,i %all furni% direct answ]s1 :i* ! read] may comp>e ) su* z he c d]ive f ! =ego+ citation3 ! la/ two s5t5ces ( :i* ,murray ought to h cr$it$ to ,dr4 ,l[?2 = he copi$ !m lit]ally1 except t he says1 ! adv]bs m ,,& mo/1 = ! ,doctor's phrase1 ! adv]bs m ,,or mo/4 ,see ! :ole also 9 ,kirkham's ,gramm>1 p4 #gb2 9 ,+]soll's1 p4 #ce2 9 ,alg]'s1 p4 #ba2 9 ,bacon's1 p4 #ah2 9 ,russell's1 p4 #ad2 9 ,haml9's1 p4 #bb2 9 ,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's1 p4 #cc2 9 ,s4 ,putnam's1 p4 #bj2 9 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 p4 #ea2 9 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 p4 #bj4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,9 ! five %ort s5t5ces quot$ above1 !re are m errors1 ?an c possibly be enum]at$ 9 t5 times ! space4 ,= example3 7#a47 ,if "o %\ld say ( a piece ( iron1 ,x gr[s cold or hot v rapidly1 cold & hot c\ld n be 9 ! positive /ate1 z !y def9e x3 because1 ei!r ! quality or ! object1 7,i "k n :i*17 is repres5t$ by !m z )\t any increase or dim9ution2 & ?is w\ld n1 9 ! pres5t case1 be true ( ei!r2 = iron *anges 9 bulk1 by a *ange ( temp]ature4 7#b47 ,:at1 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 is errone\sly call$ ! positive /ate1 9 ! second & ! ?ird1 is call$1 ! positive degree2 & ?is aga91 9 ! f\r?1 is falsely id5tifi$ ) ! simple ^w4 ,n[1 if we suppose ! mean+ to be1 t ! positive /ate1 ! positive degree1 or ! simple ^w1 is )\t any increase or dim9ution2 ?is is expressly contradict$ by ?ree s5t5ces out ( ! five1 & implicitly1 by "o ( ! o!rs4 7#c47 ,n "o ( ^! s5t5ces is true1 9 ! mo/ obvi\s s5se ( ! words1 if 9 any o!r2 & yet ! doctr9es !y 7 design$ to tea*1 may h be51 9 g5]al1 correctly ga!r$ f ! examples4 7#d47 ,! phrase1 positive 9 signification1 is n intelligible 9 ! s5se int5d$1 )\t a comma aft] positive2 & yet1 9 an armful ( diff]5t ,engli% gramm>s :i* conta9 ! passage1 ,i f9d n "o t has a po9t 9 t place4 7#e47 ,x is n m correct to say1 t ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative degree1 increases or less5s ! positive1 ?an x w\ld be to av]1 t ! plural numb] increases or less5s ! s+ul>1 or ! fem99e g5d]1 ! mascul9e4 ,nor does ! sup]lative mean1 :at a c]ta9 le>n$ ,doctor und]/&s by x--namely1 ! greate/ or lea/ possible degree4 ,if x did1 ! ?icke/ p>ts ( 8 skull1 = example1 w\ld imply small room = bra9s2 ! ?9ne/1 protect !m ill1 if !re 7 any4 7#f47 ,x is improp] to say1 ,! simple ^w becomes ! comp>ative by add+ r or er2 & ! sup]lative by add+ / or e/4 ,! ?\ght is wrong2 & ne>ly all ! words are misappli$2 z1 simple = primitive1 add+ = assum+1 c4 7#g47 ,nor is x v wise to say1 ! adv]bs m & mo/1 plac$ be=e ! adjective1 h ! same effect3 because x ought to be kn[n1 t ! effect ( ! "o is v diff]5t f t ( ! o!r6 ,! same effect1 _c "h be tak5 = any effect previ\sly describ$2 unless we w h x to be1 t ^! words1 m & mo/1 become comp>ative by add+ r or er2 & ! sup]lative by add+ / or e/1 to ! end ( !m3 all ( :i* is grossly absurd4 7#h47 ,! repetition ( ! ^w degree1 9 say+1 ,! sup]lative degree increases or less5s ! positive to ! highe/ or l[e/ degree1 is a disagreeable tautology4 ,besides1 unless x involves ! additional error ( pres5t+ ! same ^w 9 diff]5t s5ses1 x makes "o degree swell or dim9i% an o!r to itself2 :]eas1 9 ! v next s5t5ce1 ?is s+ul> ag5cy is =gott51 & a second equally /range takes its place3 ,! positive becomes ! sup]lative by add+ / or e/1 to ! end ( x2 i4 e41 to ! end ( itself4 ,no?+ c be m ungrammatical1 ?an is mu* ( ! language by :i* gramm> itself is n[ pr(ess$ly taught6 ,,obs4 #e4--;,x has be5 almo/ univ]sally assum$ by gramm>ians1 t ! positive degree is ! only /&>d to :i* ! o!r degrees c ref]2 ?\gh _m seem to ?9k1 t ! sup]lative always implies or includes ! comp>ative1 & is consequ5tly inapplicable :5 only two ?+s are spok5 (4 ,nei!r ( ^! positions is involv$ 9 any ( ! def9itions :i* ,i h giv5 above4 ,! read] may ?9k :at he w ab\t ^! po9ts1 aft] obs]v+ ! sev]al ways 9 :i* ea* =m may be us$4 ,9 ! phrases1 great] ?an ,solomon1--m ?an a bu%el1--lat] ?an "o o'clock1 x is n imm$iately obvi\s t ! positives great1 mu*1 & late1 are ! real t]ms ( contra/4 ,& h[ is x 9 ! ,lat9 phrases1 ,dulcior melle1 sweet] ?an honey1--,pr/antior auro1 bett] ?an gold8 ,^! au?ors w resolve all su* phrases ?us3 great]1 ?an ,solomon 0 great1--m1 ?an a bu%el is mu*1 c4 ,z ! conjunction ?an nev] gov]ns ! objective case1 x seems necess>y to suppose an ellipsis ( "s v]b aft] ! n\n :i* foll[s x z above2 & possibly ! =ego+ solution1 unc\? z x seems1 may1 = ! ,engli% idiom1 be ! true "o3 z1 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i4--,john1 xiv1 #bh4 ,t is1 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i am2--or1 p]haps1 ?an ,i am great4 ,b if x appe> t "s degree ( ! same quality mu/ always be contra/$ ) ! comp>ative1 !re is /ill room to "q :e!r ?is degree mu/ always be t :i* we call ! positive4 ,cic]o1 9 exile1 wrote to 8 wife3 ,ego autem hoc mis]ior sum1 quam tu1 qu es mis]rima1 quod ipsa calamitas communis e/ utriusque no/rm1 s$ culpa mea propria e/4--,epi/4 ad ,fam41 xiv1 #c4 ,b 9 ?is ,i am m wret*$1 ?an ?\1 :o art mo/ wret*$1 t ! calamity itself is common to u bo?1 b ! fault is all my own4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,9 my ,in/itutes & ,fir/ ,l9es ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,i us$ ! foll[+ brief def9itions3 ,! comp>ative degree is t :i* exce$s ! positive2 z1 h>d]1 s(t]1 bett]4 ,! sup]lative degree is t :i* is n exce$$2 z1 h>de/1 s(te/1 be/4 ,& x is r = ! sake ( sugge/+ to ! le>n] ! peculi> application ( ea* ( ^! degrees1 ?an f any decid$ dissatisfaction ) ^! expressions1 t ,i n[ pres5t o!rs4 ,! fir/1 h[ev]1 proce$s ^u ! common supposition1 t ! comp>ative degree ( a quality1 ascrib$ to any object1 mu/ ne$s be contra/$ ) ! positive 9 "s o!r1 or ) ! positive 9 ! same at an o!r "t4 ,?is idea may be plausibly ma9ta9$1 ?\gh x is c]ta9 t ! positive t]m ref]r$ to1 is seldom1 if ev]1 all[$ to appe>4 ,besides1 ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative may appe>1 & 9 su* a mann] z to be1 or seem to be1 9 ! po9t ( contra/4 ,?us3 ,objects ne> our view are apt to be ?\ght great] ?an ^? ( a l>g] size1 t are m remote4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #ahf4 ,^u ! pr9ciple above1 ! explanation "h mu/ be1 t ! mean+ is--great] ?an ^? ( a l>g] size are ?\ght great4 ,! poor man t love? ,*ri/1 is ri*] ?an ! ri*e/ man 9 ! _w1 t hates him4--,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress1 p4 #hf4 ,?is mu/ be ri*] ?an ! ri*e/ man is ri*4 ,! ri*es contemplat$ "h1 are ( diff]5t sorts2 & ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative ( "o sort1 may be exce$$ by ei!r ( ^! degrees ( an o!r sort1 ?\gh ! same epi!t be us$ = bo?4 ,s 9 ! foll[+ in/ances3 ,he t is high] ?an ! highe/ reg>de?2 & !re be high] ?an !y4--,eccl41 v1 #h4 ,t is1 ,he t is high] ?an ! highe/ e>?ly dignit>ies1 reg>de?2 & !re are high] au?orities ?an ^!4 ,fair] ?an aught imag9$ else faire/4--,pollok4 ,sadd] ?an sadde/ night4--,byron4 ,x is evid5t t ! sup]lative degree is n1 9 g5]al1 t :i* _c be exce$$1 b t :i*1 9 ! actual /ate ( ! ?+s includ$1 is n exce$$4 ,aga91 z soon z any giv5 comp>ative or sup]lative is1 by a fur!r elevation or int5sion ( ! quality1 surpass$ & exce$$1 t p>ticul> degree1 :atev] x 01 becomes m]ely positive2 = ! positive degree ( a quality1 ?\gh x commonly includes ! v l[e/ measure1 & is und]/ood to exce$ no?+1 may at any "t equal ! v highe/4 ,!re is no p>adox 9 all ?is1 :i* is n also 9 ! foll[+ simple examples3 ,easi]1 inde$1 ,i 01 b f> f easy4--,c[p]'s ,life1 p4 #ej4 ,:o can/ ! wise/ wis] make1 ,& babes z wise z !y4--,c[p]'s ,poems4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! relative nature ( ^! degrees des]ves to be fur!r illu/rat$4 7#a47 ,x is pla91 t ! greate/ degree ( a quality 9 "o ?+1 may be less ?an ! lea/ 9 an o!r2 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! lea/ degree 9 "o ?+1 may be great] ?an ! greate/ 9 an o!r4 ,?us1 ! heavie/ wood is less heavy ?an ! lighte/ ( ! metals2 & ! lea/ valuable ( ! metals is p]haps ( m value ?an ! *oice/ wood4 7#b47 ,! comp>ative degree may increase ^u itself1 & be repeat$ to %[ ! gradation4 ,?us1 a man may asc5d into ! air ) a balloon1 & rise high]1 & high]1 & high]1 & high]1 till he is out ( sight4 ,?is is no uncommon =m ( expression1 & ! int5sion is f comp>ative to comp>ative4 7#c47 ,if a ladd] be set up = use1 "o ( its r\nds w be ! highe/1 & "o o!r w be ! l[e/1 or lea/ high4 ,& z t :i* is highe/1 is high] ?an all ! re/1 s e "o w be high] ?an all bel[ x4 ,! high] r\nds1 if spok5 ( g5]ally1 & )\t def9ite contra/1 w be ^? 9 ! upp] half2 ! l[] r\nds1 ref]r$ to 9 l mann]1 w be ^? 9 ! l[] half1 or ^? n f> f ! gr\nd4 ,! highe/ r\nds1 or ! l[e/1 if we indulge su* latitude ( spee*1 w be ^? ne> ! top or ! bottom2 !re be+1 absolutely1 or 9 /rictness ( language1 b "o ( ea*4 7#d47 ,if ! highe/ r\nd be remov$1 or left unc\nt$1 ! next becomes ! highe/1 ?\gh n s high z ! =m]4 ,= e "o is ! highe/ ( ! numb] :i* x completes4 ,all admit ?is1 till we come to ?ree4 ,&1 z ! ?ird is ! highe/ ( ! ?ree1 ,i see n :y ! second is n prop]ly ! highe/ ( ! two4 ,yet ne>ly all our gramm>ians condemn ?is phrase1 & pref] ! high] ( ! two4 ,b c !y give a reason = _! pref]5ce8 ,t ! comp>ative degree is impli$ betwe5 ! positive & ! sup]lative1 s t !re mu/ ne$s be ?ree t]ms be=e ! latt] is applicable1 is a doctr9e :i* ,i d5y4 ,& if ! second is ! high] ( ! two1 because x is high] ?an ! fir/2 is x n also ! highe/ ( ! two1 because x completes ! numb]8 7#e47 ,x is to be obs]v$1 too1 t z our ord9al num]al fir/1 d5ot+ ! "o :i* beg9s a s]ies1 & hav+ ref]5ce ( c\rse to m1 is an adjective ( ! sup]lative degree1 equival5t to =emo/1 ( :i* x is p]haps a contraction2 s la/ likewise1 ?\gh no num]al1 is a sup]lative also4 7#f47 ,^!1 l o!r sup]latives1 admit ( a loos] application1 & may possibly include m ?an "o ?+ at ! beg9n+ or at ! end ( a s]ies3 z1 ,! la/ ye>s ( man are (t5 helpless1 l ! fir/4 7#g47 ,) und\bt$ propriety1 we may speak ( ! fir/ two1 ! la/ two1 ! fir/ ?ree1 ! la/ ?ree1 c42 b to say1 ! two fir/1 ! two la/1 c41 ) ?is mean+1 is obvi\sly & ne$lessly inaccurate4 ,! two fir/ m5 9 ! nation1 may1 ,i admit1 be good ,engli%2 b x c prop]ly be meant only ( ! two mo/ em95t4 ,9 specify+ any "p ( a s]ies1 we ought r to place ! c>d9al numb] aft] ! ord9al4 7#h47 ,_m ( ! =ego+ positions apply g5]ally1 to almo/ all adjectives t are susceptible ( comp>ison4 ,?us1 x is a common say+1 ,take ! be/ fir/1 & all w be be/4 ,t is1 remove t degree :i* is n[ sup]lative1 & ! epi!t w desc5d to an o!r1 ! next be/4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,x is a common assumption1 ma9ta9$ by almo/ all our gramm>ians1 t ! degrees :i* add to ! adjective ! t]m9ations er & e/1 z well z ^? :i* are express$ by m & mo/1 indicate an increase1 or height5+1 ( ! quality express$ by ! positive4 ,if su* mu/ ne$s be _! import1 x is c]ta9ly v improp]1 to apply !m1 z _m d1 to :at c be only an approximation to ! positive4 ,?us ,dr4 ,blair3 ,no?+ t belongs to human nature1 is m univ]sal ?an ! reli% ( beauty ( "o k9d or o!r4--,lectures1 p4 #af4 ,9 ar*itecture1 ! ,grecian models 7 long e/eem$ ! mo/ p]fect4--,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,aga93 ,9 8 repreh5sion ( ,cap]naum1 ! ,savi\r said1 ,x %all be m tol]able = ! l& ( ,sodom1 9 ! day ( judgem5t1 ?an = !e4--,matt41 xi1 #bd4 ,n[1 al?\gh ,greek3 anektot]on1 m tol]able1 is 9 itself a good comp>ative1 :o w\ld d>e inf] f ?is text1 t 9 ! day ( judgem5t ,cap]naum %all f>e tol]ably1 & ,sodom1 /ill bett]8 ,!re is mu* reason to ?9k1 t ! ess5tial nature ( ^! grammatical degrees has n be5 well und]/ood by ^? :o h h]et(ore pret5d$ to expla9 !m4 ,if we except ^? few approximations to s5sible qualities1 :i* are signifi$ by su* words z :iti%1 gre5i%1 c41 !re w be f\nd no actual measure1 or inh]5t degree ( any quality1 to :i* ! simple =m ( ! adjective is n applicable2 or :i*1 by ! help ( int5sive adv]bs ( a positive "*1 x may n be made to express2 & t1 too1 )\t becom+ ei!r comp>ative or sup]lative1 9 ! te*nical s5se ( ^? t]ms4 ,?us v :ite1 exce$+ly :ite1 p]fectly :ite1 are t]ms q z significant z :it] & :ite/1 if n m s4 ,"s gramm>ians1 obs]v+ ?is1 & kn[+ t ! ,romans (t5 us$ _! sup]lative 9 a s5se m]ely int5sive1 z altissimus = v high1 h ne$lessly divid$ our ,engli% sup]lative into two1 ! def9ite1 & ! indef9ite2 giv+ ! latt] "n to t degree :i* we m>k by ! adv]b v1 & ! =m] to t :i* alone is prop]ly call$ ! sup]lative4 ,*ur*ill does ?is3 :ile1 7z we h se5 above17 9 nam+ ! degrees1 he pret5ds to pref] :at has be5 e/abli%$ by long cu/om4--,new ,gram41 p4 #bca4 ,by a /range ov]sight also1 he fail$ to notice1 t ?is doctr9e int]f]es ) 8 s*eme ( five degrees1 & w\ld cle>ly furni% him ) six3 to :i* if he _h *os5 to add ! imp]fect degree ( ,dr4 ,web/]1 7z :iti%1 gre5i%1 c417 :i* is recogniz$ by ,johnson1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 he might h _h sev54 ,b ,i hope my read]s w by-&-by believe !re is no ne$ ( m ?an ?ree4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! true nature ( ! ,comp>ative degree is ?is3 x d5otes ei!r "s excess or "s relative defici5cy ( ! quality1 :5 "o ?+ or p>ty is comp>$ ) an o!r1 9 respect to :at is 9 bo?3 z1 ,because ! fooli%ness ( ,god is wis] ?an m52 & ! weakness ( ,god is /rong] ?an m54--#a ,cor41 i1 #be4 ,few languages are1 9 fact1 m copi\s ?an ! ,engli%4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hg4 ,our /yle is less compact ?an t ( ! anci5ts4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,!y are c\nt$ to him less ?an no?+ & vanity4--,isaiah1 xl1 #ag4 ,z ! comp>atives 9 a long s]ies are necess>ily _m1 & "s ( !m high] ?an o!rs1 x may be ask$1 ,h[ c ! comp>ative degree1 9 ?is case1 be m]ely 't :i* exce$s ! positive8' ,or1 z our common gramm>ians prompt me "h to say1 ,may n ! comp>ative degree increase or less5 ! comp>ative1 9 signification8 ,! latt] =m ( ! "q !y may answ] = !mselves2 rememb]+ t ! comp>ative may advance f ! comp>ative1 /ep by /ep1 f ! second article 9 ! s]ies to ! utmo/4 ,?us1 ?ree is a high] or great] numb] ?an two2 b f\r is high] ?an ?ree2 five1 ?an f\r2 & s on1 ad inf9itum4 ,my own =m ( ! "q ,i answ] ?us3 ,! highe/ ( ! high] is n high] ?an ! re/ are high]1 b simply high] ?an !y are high4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! true nature ( ! ,sup]lative degree is ?is3 x d5otes1 9 a quality1 "s extreme or unsurpass$ ext5t4 ,x may be us$ ei!r absolutely1 z be+ )\t b\nds2 or relatively1 z be+ conf9$ )9 any limits we *oose to give x4 ,x is equally applicable to t :i* is naturally unsurpassable1 & to t :i* /&s )9 ! n>r[e/ limits ( comp>ison4 ,! heavie/ ( ?ree fea!rs w\ld sc>cely be ?\ght a heavy ?+1 & yet ! expression is prop]2 because ! weight1 :atev] x is1 is relatively ! greate/4 ,! y\nge/ ( ?ree p]sons1 may n be v "y2 nor ne$ we suppose ! olde/ 9 a :ole college to h arriv$ at ! greate/ conceivable age4 ,:at !n %all be ?\ght ( ! explanations :i* our gramm>ians h giv5 ( ?is degree ( comp>ison8 ,t ( ,murray ,i h already criticis$4 ,x is ascrib$ to him1 n ^u ! supposition t he inv5t$ x2 b because common s5se cont9ues to give place to ! au?ority ( 8 "n 9 support ( x4 ,comly1 ,russell1 ,alg]1 ,+]soll1 ,gre5leaf1 ,fisk1 ,m]*ant1 ,kirkham1 ,t4 ,smi?1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,hall1 ,hiley1 & _m o!rs1 h copi$ x into _! gramm>s1 z be+ bett] ?an any def9ition !y c\ld devise4 ,murray himself unque/ionably took x f "s obscure p$agogue among ! old gramm>ians4 ,bu*anan1 :o long prec$$ him1 has ne>ly ! same words3 ,! ,sup]lative increases or dim9i%es ! ,positive 9 ,signification1 to ! highe/ or ! l[e/ ,degree ( all4--,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #bh4 ,if ?is is to be tak5 = a grammatical def9ition1 :at def9ition %all gramm> itself be>8 ,,obs4 #aa4--,let u see :e!r our lat] au?ors h done bett]4 ,! sup]lative expresses a quality 9 ! greate/ or ! lea/ possible degree2 z1 wise/1 colde/1 lea/ wise4--,web/]'s ,old ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,9 8 lat] speculations1 ?is au?or conceives t ! t]m9ation i% =ms ! fir/ degree ( comp>ison2 z1 ,imp]fect1 danki%1 ,pos4 dank1 ,comp4 dank]1 ,sup]l4 danke/4 ,!re are !re=e f\r degrees ( comp>ison4--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram4 p4 #fe4 ,! f\r? d5otes ! utmo/ or ! lea/ degree ( a quality2 z1 brave/1 wise/1 poore/1 smalle/4 ,?is is call$ ! sup]lative degree4--,ib42 also 8 ,improv$ ,gram41 #ahca1 p4 #dg4 ,?is degree is call$ ! ,sup]lative degree1 f its rais+ ! am\nt ( ! quality above t ( all o!rs4--,webb]'s ,gram41 #ahcb1 p4 #bf4 ,x is n easy to quote1 f any s\rce1 a worse s5t5ce ?an ?is2 if1 inde$1 s /range a jumble ( words c be call$ a s5t5ce4 ,f its rais+ ! am\nt1 is 9 itself a vici\s & untranslatable phrase1 "h put = because x raises ! am\nt2 & :o c conceive ( ! sup]lative degree1 z rais+ ! am\nt ( ! quality above t ( all o!r qualities8 ,or1 if x be suppos$ to mean1 above ! am\nt ( all o!r degrees1 :at is ?is am\nt8 ,is x t ( "o & "o1 ! positive & ! comp>ative add$ num]ically8 or is x ! sum ( all ! quantities :i* ^! may indicate8 ,p]haps ! au?or meant1 above ! am\nt ( all o!r am\nts4 ,if none ( ^! absurdities is "h taught1 no?+ is taught1 & ! words are nons5se4 ,aga93 ,! sup]lative degree increases or dim9i%es ! positive to ! highe/ or ! l[e/ degree ( :i* x is susceptible4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #di4 ,! sup]lative degree is g5]ally =m$ by add+ / or e/ to ! positive2 & d5otes ! greate/ excess4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,! ,sup]lative increases or dim9i%es ! ,signification ( ! ,positive or ,adjective1 to a v high or a v l[ ,degree4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,:at excess ( skill1 or :at v high degree ( acut5ess1 h ! brighte/ & be/ ( ^! gramm>ians exhibit$8 ,!re mu/ be "s1 if _! def9itions are true4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! common ass]tion ( ! gramm>ians1 t ! sup]lative degree is n applicable to two objects1#agg is n only unsupport$ by any reason 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 b x is contradict$ 9 practice by almo/ e man :o affirms x4 ,?us ,maund]3 ,:5 only two p]sons or ?+s are spok5 ( comp>atively1 to use ! sup]lative is improp]3 z1 ',deborah1 my de>1 give ^? two boys a lump ( sug> ea*2 & let ,dick's be ! l>ge/1 because he spoke fir/4' ,?is1 says ! critic1 %\ld h be5 'l>g]4'--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,x is true1 ! comp>ative might "h h be5 us$2 b ! sup]lative is cle>]1 & m agreeable to cu/om4 ,& h[ c l>ge/ be wrong1 if fir/ is "r8 ,let ,dick's be ! l>g]1 because he spoke soon]1 bord]s too mu* ^u a diff]5t idea1 t ( proportion2 z :5 we say1 ,! soon] ! bett]1--,! m ! m]ri]4 ,s ,blair3 ,:5 only two ?+s are comp>$1 ! comp>ative degree %\ld be us$1 & n ! sup]lative4--,practical ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,a ,tro*ee has ! fir/ syllable acc5t$1 & ! la/ unacc5t$4--,ib41 p4 #aah4 ,an ,iambus has ! fir/ syllable unacc5t$1 & ! la/ acc5t$4--,ibid4 ,^! two examples are f\nd also 9 ,jamieson's ,rhetoric1 p4 #cje2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bec2 ,kirkham's1 #bai2 ,bullions's1 #afi2 ,guy's1 #abj2 ,m]*ant's1 #aff4 ,s ,hiley3 ,:5 two p]sons or ?+s are comp>$1 ! comp>ative degree mu/ be employ$4 ,:5 ?ree or m p]sons or ?+s are comp>$1 ! sup]lative mu/ be us$4--,treatise on ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,contradiction 9 practice3 ,?omas is wis] ?an 8 bro!rs4--,ib41 p4 #gi4 ,are n ?ree or m p]sons "h comp>$ by ! comp>ative wis]8 ,9 an ,iambus ! fir/ syllable is unacc5t$4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,an iambus has b two syllables2 & ?is au?or expressly tea*es t fir/ is sup]lative4--,ib41 p4 #ba4 ,s ,sanborn3 ,! positive degree d5otes ! simple =m ( an adjective )\t any v>iation ( mean+4 ,! comp>ative degree increases or less5s ! mean+ ( ! positive1 & d5otes a comp>ison betwe5 two p]sons or ?+s4 ,! sup]lative degree increases or less5s ! positive to ! greate/ ext5t1 & d5otes a comp>ison betwe5 m ?an two p]sons or ?+s4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #cj & p4 #hf4 ,^! pret5d$ def9itions ( ! degrees ( comp>ison embrace n only ! absurdities :i* ,i h already c5sur$ 9 ^? ( our common gramm>s1 b sev]al new ones peculi> to ?is au?or4 ,( ! inconsi/5cy ( 8 doctr9e & practice1 take ! foll[+ examples3 ,:i* ( two bodies1 t move ) ! same velocity1 w ex]cise ! greate/ p[]8--,ib41 p4 #ic2 & aga91 p4 #bjc1 ',i 0 (f]$ a doll>2'--',a doll> 0 (f]$ 7to7 me4' ,! fir/ =m %\ld always be avoid$4--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,n\ns 9 apposition g5]ally annex ! sign ( ! possessive case to ! la/2 z1 ',= ,david my s]vant's sake4'--',john ! ,bapti/'s head4' ,bible4--,ib41 p4 #aig4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,s ,murray3 ,we commonly say1 ',?is is ! weak] ( ! two2' or1 ',! weake/ ( ! two2'#agh b ! =m] is ! regul> mode ( expression1 because !re are only two ?+s comp>$4--,octavo ,gram41 i1 #afg4 ,:at !n ( ! foll[+ example3 ,:i* ( ^? two p]sons has mo/ di/+ui%$ himself8--,ib41 ,key1 ii1 #ahg4 ,aga91 9 treat+ ( ! adjectives ?is & t1 ! same h& writes ?us3 ,?is ref]s to ! ne>e/ p]son or ?+1 & t to ! mo/ di/ant3 z1 ',?is man is m intellig5t ?an t4' ,?is indicates ! latt]1 or la/ m5tion$2 t1 ! =m]1 or fir/ m5tion$3 z1 ',bo? weal? & pov]ty are temptations2 t t5ds to excite pride1 ?is1 discont5t4'--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #ef4 ,9 ! =m] "p ( ?is example1 ! sup]lative is twice appli$ :]e only two ?+s are spok5 (2 &1 9 ! latt]1 x is twice made equival5t to ! comp>ative1 ) a l ref]5ce4 ,! foll[+ example %[s ! same equival5ce3 ,?is ref]s to ! la/ m5tion$ or ne>] ?+1 t to ! fir/ m5tion$ or m di/ant ?+4--,webb]'s ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,s ,*ur*ill3 ,! sup]lative %\ld n be us$1 :5 only two p]sons or ?+s are comp>$4--,new ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! two s5t5ces4--,ib41 p4 #afb2 ,l[?1 p4 #abj4 ,accord+ to ! rule1 x %\ld h be51 ,9 ! =m] ( ^! two s5t5ces2 b ?is w\ld be "h ambigu\s1 because =m] might mean mak]4 ,:5 our s5t5ce consi/s ( two memb]s1 ! longe/ %\ld1 g5]ally1 be ! conclud+ "o4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aag3 & ,jamieson's1 p4 #ii4 ,! %orte/ memb] be+ plac$ fir/1 we c>ry x m readily 9 our memory z we proce$ to ! second4--,ib41 ,ib4 ,pray consid] u1 9 ?is respect1 z ! weake/ sex4--,spect41 ,no4 #ecc4 ,9 ?is la/ s5t5ce1 ! comp>ative1 weak]1 w\ld p]haps h be5 bett]2 because1 n an absolute1 b m]ely a comp>ative weakness is meant4 ,s ,la?am & ,*ild3 ,x is bett]1 9 speak+ ( only two objects1 to use ! comp>ative degree r ?an ! sup]lative1 ev51 :]e we use ! article !4 ,?is is ! bett] ( ! two1 is pref]able to ?is is ! be/ ( ! two4--,elem5t>y ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,su* is _! rule2 b v soon !y =get x1 & write ?us3 ,9 ?is case ! relative ref]s to ! la/ ( ! two4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,hyp]boles are v commonly express$ by comp>atives or sup]latives2 z1 ,my little f+] %all be ?ick] ?an my fa!r's lo9s4--#a ,k+s1 xii1 #aj4 ,unto me1 :o am less ?an ! lea/ ( all sa9ts1 is ?is grace giv54--,ephesians1 iii1 #h4 ,sometimes1 9 ?us height5+ or l[]+ ! object ( 8 conception1 ! writ] falls into a cata*resis1 solecism1 or abuse ( ! grammatical degrees2 z1 ,mu/>d-se$--:i* is less ?an all ! se$s t be 9 ! e>?4--,m>k1 iv1 #ca4 ,?is expression is objectionable1 because mu/>d-se$ is a se$1 & _c be less ?an itself2 ?\gh t :i* is "h spok5 (1 may p]haps h be5 ! lea/ ( all se$s3 & x is ! same ,greek phrase1 t is ?us r5d]$ 9 ,matt1 xiii1 #cb4 ,murray has ins]t$ 9 8 ,ex]cises1 among un9telligible & inconsi/5t words & phrases1 ! foll[+ example f ,milton3 ,&1 9 ! l[e/ deep1 a l[] deep ,/ill ?reat'n+ to dev\r me1 op5s wide4--,ex]cises1 p4 #abb4 ,= ?is suppos$ inconsi/5cy1 ho proposes 9 8 ,key ! foll[+ am5dm5t3 ,&1 9 ! l[] deep1 ano!r deep ,/ill ?reat'n+ to dev\r me1 op5s wide4--,key1 p4 #bed4 ,b1 9 an o!r "p ( 8 book1 he copies f ,dr4 ,blair ! same passage1 ) comm5dation3 say+1 ,! foll[+ s5tim5ts ( ,satan 9 ,milton1 z /rongly z !y are describ$1 conta9 no?+ b :at is natural & prop]3 ',me mis]able6 :i* way %all ,i fly ,inf9ite wra?1 & inf9ite despair8 ,:i* way ,i fly is ,hell2 myself am ,hell2 ,& 9 ! l[e/ dep?1 a l[] deep1 ,/ill ?reat'n+ to dev\r me1 op5s wide1 ,to :i* ! ,hell ,i suff] seems a ,heav54' ,p4 ,lo/1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #gc4 ,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #aec2 ,murray's ,gramm>1 p4 #ceb4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,milton's ^w1 9 ! f\r? l9e above1 is deep1 & n dep?1 z ^! au?ors "h give x3 nor 0 x v polite 9 !m1 to use a phraseology :i* comes s ne> to say+1 ! devil 0 9 ! poet4 ,alas = gramm>6 accuracy 9 its tea*]s has become ! mo/ r>e ( all qualifications4 ,z = ,murray's correction above1 ,i see n h[ x c please any "o :o *ooses to ?9k ,hell a place ( great dep?4 ,a desc5t into 8 l[] deep & o!r deep1 might be a plunge less horrible ?an two or ?ree successive slides 9 "o ( our we/]n cav]ns6 ,b ,milton supposes ! ar*-fi5d might desc5d to ! l[e/ imag9able dep? ( ,hell1 & !re be liable to a /ill fur!r fall ( m trem5d\s ext5t4 ,fall :i!r8 ,into ! horrid & inconceivable pr(undity ( ! bottomless pit6 ,:at signifies x1 to object to 8 language z un9telligible if x conveys 8 idea bett] ?an any o!r c\ld8 ,9 no human conception ( :at is inf9ite1 c !re be any real exagg]ation4 ,to amplify beyond ! tru?1 is "h impossible4 ,nor is !re any sup]lation :i* c fix a limit to ! idea ( m & m 9 inf9itude4 ,:atev] lit]al absurdity !re may be 9 x1 ! duplication seems greatly to augm5t :at 0 ev5 our greate/ conception ( ! ?+4 ,hom]1 ) a l figure1 ?\gh express$ 9 ! positive degree1 makes ,jupit] ?reat5 any rebel god1 t he %all be ?r[n d[n f ,olympus1 to suff] ! burn+ pa9s ( ! ,t>t>ean gulf2 n 9 ! c5tre1 b1 ,z deep b5ea? ?' inf]nal c5tre hurl'd1 ,z f t c5tre to ?' e!real _w4 --,pope's ,iliad1 ,b4 viii1 l4 #ai4 ,,regul> ,,comp>ison4 ,adjectives are regul>ly comp>$1 :5 ! comp>ative degree is express$ by add+ er1 & ! sup]lative1 by add+ e/ to !m3 z1 ,pos41 great1 ,comp41 great]1 ,sup]l41 greate/2 ,pos41 mild1 ,comp41 mild]1 ,sup]l41 milde/4 ,9 ! v>iation ( adjectives1 f9al consonants are d\bl$1 f9al e is omitt$1 & f9al y is *ang$ to i1 agreeably to ! rules = spell+3 z1 hot1 hott]1 hotte/2 wide1 wid]1 wide/2 happy1 happi]1 happie/4 ,! regul> me?od ( comp>ison belongs almo/ exclusively to monosyllables1 ) dissyllables end+ 9 w or y1 & su* o!rs z receive x & /ill h b "o syllable aft] ! acc5t3 z1 fi]ce1 fi]c]1 fi]ce/2 n>r[1 n>r[]1 n>r[e/2 gloomy1 gloomi]1 gloomie/2 s]5e1 s]5]1 s]5e/2 noble1 nobl]1 noble/2 g5tle1 g5tl]1 g5tle/4 ,,comp>ison ,,by ,,adv]bs4 ,! two degrees ( sup]iority may also be express$ ) precisely ! same import z above1 by prefix+ to ! adjective ! adv]bs m & mo/3 z1 wise1 m wise1 mo/ wise2 fam\s1 m fam\s1 mo/ fam\s2 amiable1 m amiable1 mo/ amiable4 ,! degrees ( inf]iority are express$1 9 l mann]1 by ! adv]bs less & lea/3 z1 wise1 less wise1 lea/ wise2 fam\s1 less fam\s1 lea/ fam\s2 amiable1 less amiable1 lea/ amiable4 ,! regul> me?od ( comp>ison has1 prop]ly speak+1 no degrees ( ?is k9d4 ,ne>ly all adjectives t admit ( diff]5t degrees1 may be comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs2 b1 = %ort words1 ! regul> me?od is g5]ally pref]able3 z1 quick1 quick]1 quicke/2 r ?an1 quick1 m quick1 mo/ quick4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! g5ius ( our language is p>ticul>ly av]se to ! l5g!n+ ( long words by additional syllables2 &1 9 ! comp>ison ( adjectives1 er & e/ always add a syllable to ! ^w1 except x end 9 le aft] a mute4 ,?us1 free1 fre]1 free/1 increases syllabically2 b ample1 ampl]1 ample/1 does n4 ,:e!r any p>ticul> adjective admits ( comp>ison or n1 is a matt] ( reason+ f ! s5se ( ! t]m2 by :i* me?od x %all be comp>$1 is 9 "s degree a matt] ( ta/e2 ?\gh cu/om has decid$ t long words %all n be inflect$1 & = ! %ort]1 !re is g5]ally an obvi\s bias 9 fav\r ( "o =m r ?an ! o!r4 ,dr4 ,johnson says1 ,! comp>ison ( adjectives is v unc]ta92 & be+ mu* regulat$ by commodi\sness ( utt]ance1 or agreeabl5ess ( s\nd1 is n easily r$uc$ to rules4 ,monosyllables are commonly comp>$4 ,polysyllables1 or words ( m ?an two syllables1 are seldom comp>$ o!rwise ?an by m & mo/4 ,dissyllables are seldom comp>$ if !y t]m9ate 9 full1 less1 +1 ous1 ed1 id1 at1 ent1 a91 or ive4--,gram4 ( ! ,engli% ,tongue1 p4 #f4 ,:5 ! positive conta9s b "o syllable1 ! degrees are usually =m$ by add+ er or e/4 ,:5 ! positive conta9s two syllables1 x is matt] ( ta/e :i* me?od y %all use 9 =m+ ! degrees4 ,! e> is1 9 ?is case1 ! be/ guide4 ,b1 :5 ! positive conta9s m ?an two syllables1 ! degrees mu/ be =m$ by ! use ( m & mo/4 ,we may say1 t5d]] & t5d]e/1 pleasant] & pleasante/1 pretti] & prettie/2 b :o c\ld endure delicat] & delicate/8--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,quiet1 bitt]1 clev]1 sob]1 & p]haps "s o!rs l !m1 are /ill regul>ly comp>$2 b su* words z secrete/1 fam\se/1 virtu\se/1 p[]fulle/1 :i* 7 us$ by ,milton1 h gone out ( fa%ion4 ,! foll[+1 ?\gh n v commonly us$1 are p]haps all[able4 ,yet ^! are ! two commone/ occupations ( mank9d4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #dca4 ,_! pleasante/ walks ?r\gh\t life mu/ be gu>d$ by arm$ m54--,ib41 i1 #dcg4 ,frankl9 possess$ ! r>e tal5t ( draw+ useful lessons f ! commone/ occurr5ces4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cbc4 ,unbidd5 gue/s are (t5 welcome/ :5 !y are gone4--,,%ak43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,!re 0 a lad1 ?' unluckie/ ( 8 crew1 ,0 /ill contriv+ some?+ bad1 b new4--,,k+3 ib4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,i make a di/9ction betwe5 ! regul> comp>ison by er & e/1 & ! comp>ison by adv]bs2 because1 9 a grammatical po9t ( view1 ^! two me?ods are totally diff]5t3 ! mean+1 ?\gh ! same1 be+ express$ 9 ! "o case1 by an inflection ( ! adjective2 & 9 ! o!r1 by a phrase consi/+ ( two diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4 ,if ! plac+ ( an adv]b be=e an adjective is to be call$ a grammatical modification or v>iation ( ! latt] ^w1 we %all h _m o!r degrees ?an ^? :i* are enum]at$ above4 ,! words may ) mu* m propriety be p>s$ sep>ately1 ! degree be+ ascrib$ to ! adv]b--or1 if y please1 to bo? words1 = bo? are v>i$ 9 s5se by ! inflection ( ! =m]4 ,! degrees 9 :i* qualities may exi/ 9 nature1 are inf9itely v>i\s2 b ! only degrees ) :i* ! gramm>ian is conc]n$1 are ^? :i* our v>iation ( ! adjective or adv]b enables u to express--includ+1 z ( c\rse we mu/1 ! /ate or s5se ( ! primitive ^w1 z "o4 ,! reason+ :i* w\ld make ! positive degree to be no degree1 w\ld also make ! nom9ative case1 or ! casus rectus ( ! ,lat9s1 to be no case4 ,,obs4 #c4--,:5ev] ! adjective itself d5otes ^! degrees1 & is duly v>i$ 9 =m to express !m1 !y prop]ly belong to x2 z1 wor?y1 wor?i]1 wor?ie/4 7,?\gh no apology c be made = ! frequ5t error ( conf\nd+ ! degree ( a quality1 ) ! v]bal sign :i* expresses x47 ,if an adv]b is employ$ = ?is purpose1 t also is comp>$1 & ! two degrees ?us =m$ or express$1 are prop]ly its own2 z1 wor?y1 m wor?y1 mo/ wor?y4 ,b ^! same degrees may be yet o!rwise express$2 z1 wor?y1 9 a high] degree wor?y1 9 ! highe/ degree wor?y4 ,"h also ! adjective wor?y is virtually comp>$1 z be=e2 b only ! adjective high is grammatically modifi$4 ,aga91 we may =m ?ree degrees ) sev]al adv]bs to ea*1 ?us3 ,pos41 v truly wor?y2 ,comp41 mu* m truly wor?y2 ,sup41 mu* ! mo/ truly wor?y4 ,!re are also o!r adv]bs1 :i*1 ?\gh n v>i$ 9 !mselves l mu*1 m1 mo/1 may nev]!less h ne>ly ! same effect ^u ! adjective2 z1 wor?y1 comp>atively wor?y1 sup]latively wor?y4 ,i make ^! rem>ks1 because _m gramm>ians h errone\sly p>s$ ! adv]bs m & mo/1 less & lea/1 z p>ts ( ! adjective4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,h>ris1 9 8 ,h]mes1 or ,philosophical ,inquiry conc]n+ ,univ]sal ,gramm>1 has v unc]emoni\sly pron\nc$ ! doctr9e ( ?ree degrees ( comp>ison1 to be absurd2 & ! au?or ( ! ,briti% ,gramm>1 z he emotes ! :ole passage )\t (f]+ any def5ce ( t doctr9e1 seems to second ! allegation4 ,mr4 ,h>ris obs]ves1 t1 ',!re _c well be m ?an two degrees2 "o to d5ote simple excess1 & "o to d5ote sup]lative4 ,7 we inde$ to introduce m degrees1 we ought p]haps to introduce inf9ite1 :i* is absurd4 ,= :y /op at a limit$ numb]1 :5 9 all subjects1 susceptible ( int5sion1 ! int]m$iate excesses are 9 a mann] inf9ite8 ,!re are inf9ite degrees ( m :ite betwe5 ! fir/ simple :ite & ! sup]lative :ite/2 ! same may be said ( m great1 m /rong1 m m9ute1 c4 ,! doctr9e ( gramm>ians ab\t ?ree su* degrees1 :i* !y call ! ,positive1 ! ,comp>ative1 & ! ,sup]lative1 mu/ ne$s be absurd2 bo? because 9 _! ,positive !re is no comp>ison at all1 & because _! ,sup]lative is a ,comp>ative z mu* z _! ,comp>ative itself4' ,h]mes1 p4 #aig4--;,brit4 ,gram41 p4 #ih4 ,?is objection is ra%ly urg$4 ,no comp>ison c be imag9$ )\t br++ toge!r z _m z two t]ms1 & if ! positive is "o ( ^!1 x is a degree ( comp>ison2 ?\gh nei!r ?is nor ! sup]lative is1 = t reason1 a ,comp>ative4 ,:y we /op at ?ree degrees1 ,i h already %[n3 we h ?ree =ms1 & only ?ree4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! t]m9ation i% may be acc\nt$ 9 "s sort a degree ( comp>ison1 by :i* ! signification is dim9i%$ bel[ ! positive1 z black1 blacki%1 or t5d+ to blackness2 salt1 salti%1 or hav+ a little ta/e ( salt3#agi !y !re=e admit ( no comp>ison4 ,?is t]m9ation is seldom add$ b to words express+ s5sible qualities1 nor (t5 to words ( above "o syllable1 & is sc>cely us$ 9 ! solemn or sublime /yle4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram4 ,! fir/ degree d5otes a slight degree ( ! quality1 & is express$ by ! t]m9ation i%2 z1 r$di%1 br[ni%1 yell[i%4 ,?is may be d5om9at$ ! imp]fect degree ( ! attribute4--,dr4 ,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,i d\bt ! correctness ( ! view tak5 above by ,johnson1 & diss5t entirely f ,web/]1 ab\t 8 fir/ degree ( comp>ison4 ,( adjectives 9 i% we h p]haps a hundr$2 b n9e out ( t5 ( !m are d]iv$ cle>ly f n\ns1 z1 boyi%1 girli%2 & :o c prove t blacki%1 salti%1 r$di%1 br[ni%1 & yell[i%1 are n also f ! n\ns1 black1 salt1 r$1 br[n1 & yell[8 or t a m r$di% t+e1--a m salti% ta/e1 are n correct phrases8 ,!re is1 ,i am p]suad$1 no good reason = notic+ ?is t]m9ation z con/itut+ a degree ( comp>ison4 ,all d\ble comp>isons are said to be ungrammatical2 b1 if i% =ms a degree1 x is su* a degree z may be comp>$ aga93 z1 ,& seem m le>n$i% ?an ^? ,t at a great] *>ge compose4--,butl]4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,among ! degrees ( comp>ison1 "s h enum]at$ t ( equality2 z :5 we say1 ,x is z sweet z honey4 ,"h is inde$ a comp>ison1 b x is altoge!r 9 ! positive degree1 & ne$s no o!r "n4 ,?is aga9 refutes ,h>ris2 :o says1 t 9 ! positive !re is no comp>ison at all4 ,b fur!r3 x is pla91 t 9 ?is degree !re may be comp>isons ( inequality also2 z1 ,molasses is n s sweet z honey4--,civility is n s slight a matt] z x is commonly ?\ght4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ib4 ,nay1 su* comp>isons may equal any sup]lative4 ,?us x is said1 ,i ?9k1 9 ! ,life ( ,rob]t ,hall3 ,probably no human be+ ev] be=e suff]$ s mu* bodily pa94 ,:at a prem95ce is "h6 & yet ! =m ( ! adjective is only t ( ! positive degree4 ,no?+ s unc]ta9 z g5]al reputation4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ej4 ,no?+ s nause\s z undi/+ui%+ civility4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,^!1 likewise1 w\ld be /rong expressions1 if !y 7 correct ,engli%4 ,b1 to my appreh5sion1 e su* comp>ison ( equality involves a solecism1 :51 z x "h happ5s1 ! =m] t]m includes ! latt]4 ,! ^w no?+ is a g5]al negative1 & reputation is a p>ticul> affirmative4 ,! comp>ison ( equality betwe5 !m1 is !re=e c]ta9ly improp]3 because no?+ _c be equal to some?+2 &1 reputation be+ some?+1 & ( c\rse equal to itself1 ! proposition is evid5tly untrue4 ,x ought to be1 ,no?+ is m unc]ta9 ?an g5]al reputation4 ,?is is ! same z to say1 ,g5]al reputation is z unc]ta9 z any ?+ t c be nam$4 ,or else ! =m] t]m %\ld exempt ! latt]2 z4 ,no?+ else--or1 ,no o!r ?+1 is s unc]ta9 z ?is popul> hon\r1 public e/eem1 or g5]al reputation4 ,& s ( all simil> examples4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 all comp>isons1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to adapt ! t]ms to ! degree :i* is express$ by ! adjective or adv]b4 ,! sup]lative degree requires t ! object to :i* x relates1 be "o ( ^? ) :i* x is comp>$2 z1 ,eve 0 ! faire/ ( wom54 ,! comp>ative degree1 on ! contr>y1 requires t ! object spok5 ( be n includ$ among ^? ) :i* x is comp>$2 z1 ,eve 0 fair] ?an any ( h] daught]s4 ,to take ! inclusive t]m "h1 & say1 ,eve 0 fair] ?an any woman1 w\ld be no less absurd1 ?an ,milton's ass]tion1 t ,eve 0 ! faire/ ( h] daught]s3 ! =m] supposes t %e 0 n a woman2 ! latt]1 t %e 0 "o ( h] own daught]s4 ,b ,milton's solecism is d\ble2 he makes ,adam "o ( 8 own sons3-- ,adam ! goodlie/ man ( m5 s9ce born ,8 sons1 ! faire/ ( h] daught]s ,eve4--,p4 ,lo/1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #cbd4 ,,obs4 #h4--,su* adjectives1 says ,*ur*ill1 z h 9 !mselves a sup]lative signification1 or express qualities n susceptible ( degrees1 d n prop]ly admit ei!r ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative =m4 ,"u ?is rule may be includ$ all adjectives ) a negative prefix4--,new ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,aga93 ,z imm$iate signifies in/ant1 pres5t ) reg>d to "t1 ,prior %\ld n h writt5 'm imm$iate4' ,dr4 ,johnson4--,ib41 p4 #bcc4 ,hook] has unapte/2 ,locke1 m uncorrupt$2 ,hold]1 m undeceivable3 = ^! ! prop] expressions w\ld h be5 ! opposite signs )\t ! negation3 lea/ apt1 less corrupt$1 less deceivable4 ,watts speaks ( 'a mo/ unpassable b>ri]4' ,if he _h simply said 'an unpassable b>ri]1' we %\ld h und]/ood x at once 9 ! /ronge/ s5se1 z a b>ri] impossible to be surm\nt$3 b1 by attempt+ to express some?+ m1 he gives an idea ( some?+ less2 we p]ceive1 t 8 unpassable means difficult to pass4 ,?is is ! mis*ief ( ! prop5sity to exagg]ation2 :i*1 /riv+ aft] /r5g?1 s9ks into weakness4--,ib41 p4 #bcd4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! =ego+ rem>ks f ,*ur*ill appe> 9 g5]al to h be5 dictat$ by good s5se2 b1 if 8 own practice is "r1 !re mu/ be "s exceptions to 8 rule respect+ ! comp>ison ( adjectives ) a negative prefix2 =1 9 ! phrase less imprud5t1 :i*1 accord+ to a passage quot$ be=e1 he w h to be diff]5t f m prud5t1 he himself furni%es an example ( su* comp>ison4 ,9 fact1 v _m words ( t class are comp>$ by good writ]s3 z1 ,no?+ is m unnecess>y4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 v4 ,:at is yet m unacc\ntable4--,,rog]s3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,x is h>d to det]m9e :i* is mo/ uneligible4--,id41 ib4 ,:]e x appe>s ! mo/ unbecom+ & unnatural4--,,addison3 ib4 ,m5 ( ! be/ s5se & ( ! mo/ unblemi%$ lives4--,id41 ib4 ,m>* & ,septemb] are ! mo/ unsettl$ & unequable ( seasons4--,,b5tley3 ib4 ,b>celona 0 tak5 by a mo/ unexpect$ accid5t4--,,swift3 ib4 ,! mo/ b>r5 & unpleasant4--,,woodw>d3 ib4 ,o good1 b mo/ unwise patricians6--,,%ak43 ib4 ,m uncon/ant ?an ! w9d4--,id41 ib4 ,we may say m or less imp]fect4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afh4 ,"s ( ^? passions :i* act ) ! mo/ irresi/ible en]gy ^u ! he>ts ( mank9d1 are altoge!r omitt$ 9 ! catalogue ( ,ari/otle4--,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #chj4 ,! wrong ( him :o presumes to talk ( own+ me1 is too unmeasur$ to be s(t5$ by k9dness4--,*ann+1 on ,emancipation1 p4 #eb4 ,:i*1 we are s5sible1 are m inconclusive ?an ! re/4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cai4 ,ere yet ! salt ( mo/ unrighte\s te>s ,_h left ! flu%+ 9 h] gall$ eyes4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,comp>ison mu/ n be consid]$ a g5]al prop]ty ( adjectives4 ,x belongs *iefly to ! class :i* ,i call common adjectives1 & is by no means applicable to all ( ^!4 ,common adjectives1 or epi!ts d5ot+ quality1 are p]haps m num]\s ?an all ! o!r classes put toge!r4 ,_m ( ^!1 & a few t are pronom9al1 may be v>i$ by comp>ison2 & "s p>ticipial adjectives may be comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs4 ,b adjectives =m$ f prop] names1 all ! num]als1 & mo/ ( ! comp\nds1 are 9 no way susceptible ( comp>ison4 ,all n\ns us$ adjectively1 z an iron b>1 an ev5+ s*ool1 a mahogany *air1 a ,s\?-,sea dream1 are also incapable ( comp>ison4 ,9 ! title ( ,8 ,mo/ ,*ri/ian ,maje/y1 ! sup]lative adv]b is appli$ to a prop] adjective2 b :o w pret5d t we ought to und]/& by x ! highe/ degree ( ,*ri/ian atta9m5t8 ,x might seem unc\rtly to sugge/ t ?is is an abuse ( ! k+'s ,engli%1 ,i %all !re=e say no su* ?+4 ,pope comp>es ! ^w ,*ri/ian1 9 ! foll[+ c\plet3-- ,g1 purifi$ by flames asc5d ! sky1 ,my bett] & m ,*ri/ian prog5y4--,dunciad1 ,b4 i1 l4 #bbg4 ,,irregul> ,,comp>ison4 ,! foll[+ adjectives are comp>$ irregul>ly3 good1 bett]1 be/2 bad1 evil1 or ill1 worse1 wor/2 little1 less1 lea/2 mu*1 m1 mo/2 _m1 m1 mo/4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 ,engli%1 & also 9 ,lat91 mo/ adjectives t d5ote place or situation1 n only =m ! sup]lative irregul>ly1 b are also ei!r defective or r$undant 9 comp>ison4 ,?us3 ,i4 ,! foll[+ n9e h m ?an "o sup]lative3 f>1 f>!r1 f>!/1 f>mo/1 or f>!rmo/2 ne>1 ne>]1 ne>e/ or next2 =e1 =m]1 =emo/ or fir/2 h9d1 h9d]1 h9dmo/ or h9d]mo/2 91 inn]1 inmo/ or inn]mo/2 out1 out]1 or utt]1 outmo/ or utmo/1 out]mo/ or utt]mo/2 up1 upp]1 upmo/ or upp]mo/2 l[1 l[]1 l[e/ or l[]mo/2 late1 lat] or latt]1 late/ or la/4 ,,ii4 ,! foll[+ five want ! positive3 aft1 adv41 aft]1 aftmo/ or aft]mo/2 =?1 adv41 =m]ly fur?1#ahj fur!r1 fur!/ or fur!rmo/2 hi!r1 hi!rmo/2 ne!r1 ne!rmo/2 "u1 und]mo/4 ,,iii4 ,! foll[+ want ! comp>ative3 front1 frontmo/2 re>1 re>mo/2 head1 headmo/2 end1 endmo/2 top1 topmo/2 bottom1 bottommo/2 mid or middle1 mid/1#aha midmo/ or middlemo/2 nor?1 nor?mo/2 s\?1 s\?mo/2 ea/1 ea/mo/2 we/1 we/mo/2 nor!rn1 nor!rnmo/2 s\!rn1 s\!rnmo/2 ea/]n1 ea/]nmo/2 we/]n1 we/]nmo/4 ,,obs4 #b4--,_m ( ^! irregul> words are n always us$ z adjectives1 b (t5] z n\ns1 adv]bs1 or prepositions4 ,! s5se 9 :i* !y are employ$1 w %[ to :at class !y belong4 ,! t]ms =e & h9d1 front & re>1 "r & left1 9 & out1 high & l[1 top & bottom1 up & d[n1 upp] & "u1 mid & aft]1 all b ! la/ pair1 are 9 direct contra/ ) ea* o!r4 ,_m ( !m are (t5 jo9$ 9 composition ) o!r words2 & "s1 :5 us$ z adjectives ( place1 are r>ely sep>at$ f _! n\ns3 z1 9l&1 outh\se1 mid-sea1 aft]-ages4 ,practice is "h s caprici\s1 ,i f9d x difficult to det]m9e :e!r ! comp\nd+ ( ^! t]ms is prop] or n4 ,x is a case ab\t :i* he t inquires mo/1 may p]haps be mo/ 9 d\bt4 ,if ! jo9+ ( ! words prev5ts ! possibility ( mi/ak+ ! adjective = a preposition1 x prev5ts also ! sep>ate classification ( ! adjective & ! n\n1 & ?us 9 "s s5se de/roys ! =m] by mak+ ! :ole a n\n4 ,dr4 ,web/] writes ?us3 ,,frontroom1 n4 ,a room or ap>tm5t 9 ! =ep>t ( a h\se4 ,,backroom1 n4 ,a room beh9d ! front room1 or 9 ! back "p ( ! h\se4--,octavo ,dict4 ,s ( _m phrases by :i* p tell ( turn+ ?+s1 or *ang+ ! position ( _! p>ts2 z1 9side out1 outside 92 upside d[n1 d[nside up2 wrong end =emo/1 b-end =emo/2 =e-"p back1 =e-end aft2 h9d side be=e1 backside be=e4 ,"h all ^! contra/$ p>ticles seem to be adjectives ( place or situation4 ,:at gramm>ians 9 g5]al w\ld *oose to call !m1 x is h>d to say2 probably1 _m w\ld satisfy !mselves ) call+ ! :ole an adv]bial phrase1--! common way ( dispos+ ( e ?+ :i* x is difficult to analyze4 ,^!1 & ! foll[+ examples f ,scott1 are a fair specim5 ( ! unc]ta9ty ( pres5t usage3 ,! h]ds )\t a keep] /ray$1 ,! pl\gh 0 9 mid-furr[ /aid4--,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,! eag] huntsman knew 8 b\nd1 ,& 9 mid *ase call$ (f 8 h\nd4--,ibidem4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,= ! *ief po9ts ( ! compass1 we h s _m adjectives1 & s _m modes ( v>y+ or comp>+ !m1 t x is difficult to tell _! numb]1 or to "k :i* to *oose 9 practice4 7#a47 ,nor?1 s\?1 ea/1 & we/1 are famili>ly us$ bo? z n\ns & z adjectives4 ,f ^! x seems n improp] to =m sup]latives1 z above1 by add+ mo/2 z1 ,f ,aro> to ,nebo1 & ! wild ( s\?mo/ ,ab>im4--,milton4 ,!re are no rivulets or spr+s 9 ! isl& ( ,f]or1 ! we/mo/ ( ! ,can>ies4--,:ite's ,nat4 ,hi/4 7#b47 ,^! primitive t]ms may also be comp>$1 9 all ?ree ( ! degrees1 by ! adv]bs f>!r & f>!/1 or fur!r & fur!/2 z1 ,:i* is yet f>!r we/4--,bacon4 7#c47 ,?\gh we nev] employ z sep>ate words ! comp>atives nor!r1 s\!r1 ea/]1 we/]1 we h nor!rly1 s\!rly1 ea/]ly1 & we/]ly1 :i* seem to h be5 =m$ f su* comp>atives1 by add+ ly2 & ^! f\r may be comp>$ by ! adv]bs m & mo/1 or less & lea/3 z1 ,^! hills give u a view ( ! mo/ ea/]ly1 s\!rly1 & we/]ly p>ts ( ,engl&4--,,graunt3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 7#d47 ,f ^! suppos$ comp>atives likewise1 "s au?ors =m ! sup]latives nor!rmo/1 s\!rmo/1 ea/]mo/1 & we/]mo/2 z1 ,f ! we/]mo/ "p ( ,oy/] bay4--,dr4 ,web/]'s ,hi/4 ,u4 ,s41 p4 #abf4 ,& ?ree miles s\?w>d ( ! s\!rmo/ "p ( said bay4--,trumbull's ,hi/4 ( ,am]41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hh4 ,pockanocket 0 on ! we/]mo/ l9e ( ,plym\? ,colony4--,ib41 p4 #dd4 ,z f> z ! nor!rmo/ bran* ( ! said bay or riv]4--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,! propriety ( ^! is at lea/ que/ionable2 &1 z !y are nei!r v necess>y to ! language1 nor recogniz$ by any ( our lexicograph]s1 ,i =be> to approve !m4 7#e47 ,f ! f\r primitives we h also a ?ird s]ies ( positives1 end+ 9 ern2 z1 nor!rn1 s\!rn1 ea/]n1 we/]n4 ,^!1 ?\gh !y h no comp>atives ( _! own1 n only =m sup]latives by assum+ ! t]m9ation mo/1 b are sometimes comp>$1 p]haps 9 bo? degrees1 by a sep>ate use ( ! adv]bs3 z1 ,s\!rnmo/1 a4 ,fur!/ t[>ds ! s\?4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,until x %all int]sect ! nor!rnmo/ "p ( ! ?irty-fir/ degree ( nor? latitude4--,articles ( ,peace4 ,to ! nor?-we/]nmo/ head ( ,connecticut riv]4--,ib4 ,!nce ?r\gh ! said lake to ! mo/ nor?-we/]n po9t !re(4--,ib4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,x may be rem>k$ ( ! comp>atives =m] & latt] or h9d]1 upp] & "u or ne!r1 inn] & out] or utt]1 aft] & hi!r2 z well z ( ! ,lat9 sup]ior & inf]ior1 ant]ior & po/]ior1 int]ior & ext]ior1 prior & ult]ior1 s5ior & junior1 major & m9or2 t !y _c1 l o!r comp>atives1 be con/ru$ ) ! conjunction ?an4 ,aft] all g5u9e ,engli% comp>atives1 ?is conjunction may occur1 because x is ! only fit ^w = introduc+ ! latt] t]m ( comp>ison2 b we nev] say "o ?+ is =m] or latt]1 sup]ior or inf]ior1 ?an an o!r4 ,& s ( all ! re/ "h nam$4 ,aga91 no real comp>ative or sup]lative c ev] ne$ an o!r sup]add$ to x2 b inf]ior & sup]ior convey ideas t d n always preclude ! additional conception ( m or less3 z1 ,) respect to high & l[ notes1 pronunciation is /ill m inf]ior to s++4--,kames1 ,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #gc4 ,! mi/akes :i* ! mo/ sup]ior und]/&+ is apt to fall into4--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,"y ,lady1 p4 #aag4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,d\ble comp>atives & d\ble sup]latives1 be+ 9 g5]al awkw>d & unfa%ionable1 z well z tautological1 ought to be avoid$4 ,examples3 ,! ,duke ( ,milan1 & 8 m brav] daught]1 c\ld control !e4--,%ak41 ,tempe/4 ,say1 8 m gallant daught]4 ,:at 9 me 0 pur*as$1 falls ^u !e 9 a m fair] sort4--,id41 ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,say1 fair]1 or1 m hone/2 = pur*as$ "h means /ol54 ,*ang$ to a wors] %ape ?\ can/ n be4--,id41 ,h54 ,,vi4 ,say1 a worse %ape--or1 an ugli] %ape4 ,aft] ! mo/ /raite/ sect ( our religion1 ,i liv$ a ,ph>isee4--,acts1 xxvi1 #e4 ,say1 ! /ricte/ sect4 ,"s say he's mad2 o!rs1 t less] hate him1 d call x valiant fury4--,%ak4 ,say1 o!rs1 t hate him less4 ,9 ?is la/ example1 less] is us$ adv]bially2 9 :i* con/ruction x is c]ta9ly incorrect4 ,b aga9/ less] z an adjective1 "s gramm>ians h spok5 ) m sev]ity1 ?an comports ) a prop] respect = au?ority4 ,dr4 ,johnson says1 ,,less]1 adj4 ,a b>b>\s corruption ( less1 =m$ by ! vulg> f ! habit ( t]m9at+ comp>atives 9 er2 aft]w>d adopt$ by poets1 & !n by writ]s ( prose1 till x has all ! au?ority :i* a mode orig9ally errone\s c d]ive f cu/om4--,qu>to ,dict4 ,) no great fairness1 ,*ur*ill quotes ?is passage z f> z ! semicolon1 & !re /ops4 ,! position ?us tak51 he fur!r endeav\rs to /r5g!n1 by say+1 ,wors]1 ?\gh n m b>b>\s1 (f5ds ! e> 9 a mu* great] degree1 because x has n be5 s frequ5tly us$4--,new ,gram41 p4 #bcb4 ,example3 ,& ,god made two great lights2 ! great] light to rule ! day1 & ! less] light to rule ! night4--,g541 i1 #af4 ,kirkham1 aft] mak+ an imitation ( ?is passage1 rem>ks ^u x3 ,less] is z incorrect z badd]1 good]1 wors]4--,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,! judgem5t ( any critic :o is ignorant en\gh to say ?is1 is wor?y only ( contempt4 ,less] is /ill frequ5tly us$ by ! mo/ ta/eful au?ors1 bo? 9 v]se & prose3 z1 ,x is ! gl[+ /yle ( a man :o is neglig5t ( less] graces4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ahi4 ,a?os1 ,olympus1 tna1 ,atlas1 made ,^! hills seem ?+s ( less] dignity4--,byron4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! adjective little is us$ 9 diff]5t s5ses2 = x contra/s sometimes ) great1 & sometimes ) mu*4 ,less] appe>s to ref] only to size4 ,h5ce less & less] are n always equival5t t]ms4 ,less] means small]1 & contra/s only ) great]4 ,less contra/s sometimes ) great]1 b (t5] ) m1 ! comp>ative ( mu*2 =1 ?\gh x may mean n s l>ge1 its mo/ common mean+ is n s mu*4 ,x ought to be obs]v$1 likewise1 t less is n an adjective ( numb]1#ahb ?\gh n unfrequ5tly us$ z su*4 ,x does n mean few]1 & is !re=e n prop]ly employ$ 9 s5t5ces l ! foll[+3 ,9 all v]bs1 !re are no less ?an ?ree ?+s impli$ at once4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ha4 ,small] ?+s ?an ?ree1 is nons5se2 & s1 9 reality1 is :at ! ,doctor "h says4 ,less is n ! prop] opposite to m1 :5 m is ! comp>ative ( _m3 few1 few]1 fewe/1 are ! only words :i* contra/ regul>ly ) _m1 m1 mo/4 ,9 ! foll[+ text1 ^! comp>atives are rightly employ$3 ,& to ! m ye %all give ! m inh]itance1 & to ! few] ye %all give ! less inh]itance4--,numb]s1 xxxiii1 #ed4 ,b if writ]s w cont9ue to use less = few]1 s t less cattle1 = in/ance1 may mean few] cattle2 we %all be "u a sort ( necessity to reta9 less]1 9 ord] to speak intelligibly3 z1 ,x %all be = ! s5d+-=? ( ox51 & = ! tread+ ( less] cattle4--,isaiah1 vii1 #be4 ,i h no p>tiality = ! ^w less]1 nei!r w ,i make myself ridicul\s by fl\t+ at its rud5ess4 ,?is ^w1 says ,web/]1 is a corruption1 b x is too well e/abli%$ to be disc>d$4 ,au?ors always write ! ,less] ,asia4--,octavo ,dict4 ,by ! same reason1 may a man puni% ! less] brea*es ( t law4--,locke4 ,:5 we speak ( ! less] diff]5ces among ! ta/es ( m54--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bj4 ,9 great] or less] degrees ( complexity4--,burke1 on ,sublime1 p4 #id4 ,! great] ought n to succumb to ! less]4--,dillwyn's ,reflections1 p4 #abh4 ,to su* productions1 less] compos]s mu/ resort = ideas4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dac4 ,! l>g] "h1 & !re ! less] lambs1 ,! new-fall'n "y h]d bleat+ = _! dams4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #g4--,our gramm>ians d5y ! comp>ison ( _m adjectives1 f a false notion t !y are already sup]latives4 ,?us ,w4 ,all53 ,adjectives comp\nd$ ) ! ,lat9 preposition p]1 are already sup]lative3 z1 p]fect1 p]5nial1 p]man5t1 c4--,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,9 reply to ?is1 ,i w\ld say1 t no?+ is really sup]lative1 9 ,engli%1 b :at has ! =m & con/ruction ( ! sup]lative2 z1 ,! mo/ p]man5t ( all dyes4 ,no ^w beg9n+ ) p]1 is sup]lative by virtue ( ?is ,lat9 prefix4 ,sep>ate spirits1 :i* are be+s t h p]fect] k & great] happ9ess ?an we1 mu/ ne$s h also a p]fect] way ( communicat+ _! ?\ghts ?an we h4--,locke's ,essay1 ,b4 ii1 ,*4 #bd1 #cf1 ,?is mode ( comp>ison is n n[ good1 b x %[s t p]fect is no sup]lative4 ,?us ,kirkham3 ,! foll[+ adjectives1 & _m o!rs1 are always 9 ! sup]lative degree2 because1 by express+ a quality 9 ! highe/ degree1 !y c>ry 9 !mselves a sup]lative signification3 *ief1 extreme1 p]fect1 "r1 wrong1 hone/1 j1 true1 correct1 s9c]e1 va/1 imm5se1 ceaseless1 inf9ite1 endless1 unp>allel$1 univ]sal1 supreme1 unlimit$1 omnipot5t1 all-wise1 et]nal4 #ahc--;,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,s ! ,rev4 ,david ,blair3 ,! words p]fect1 c]ta91 inf9ite1 univ]sal1 *ief1 supreme1 "r1 true1 extreme1 sup]ior1 & "s o!rs1 :i* express a p]fect & sup]lative s5se 9 !mselves1 d n admit ( comp>ison4--,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,n[1 accord+ to ,murray's def9ition1 :i* ,kirkham adopts1 none ( ^! words c be at all 9 ! sup]lative degree4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re are sev]al among !m1 f :i* true sup]latives are frequ5tly & correctly =m$4 ,:]e are ! positives :i* are "h suppos$ to be increas$ to ! highe/ degree8 ,e real sup]lative 9 our language1 except be/ & wor/1 mo/ & lea/1 fir/ & la/1 ) ! /ill m irregul> ^w next1 is a d]ivative1 =m$ f "s o!r ,engli% ^w1 by add+ e/ or mo/2 z1 true/1 h9dmo/4 ,! propriety or impropriety ( comp>+ ! =ego+ words1 or any ( ! _m o!rs ( :i* ?is au?or speaks1 is to be det]m9$ accord+ to _! mean+1 & accord+ to ! usage ( good writ]s1 & n by ! dictation ( a feeble p$ant1 or ^u ! supposition t if comp>$ !y w\ld =m d\ble sup]latives4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,*ief is f ! ,fr5* ^w *ef1 ! head3 *iefe/ is !re=e no m a d\ble sup]lative ?an headmo/3 ,b :5 ! headmo/ foes appe>$4--,scott4 ,nor are *ief & *iefe/ equival5t t]ms3 ,doeg an ,edomite1 ! *iefe/ ( ! h]dsm54--#a ,samuel1 xxi1 #g4 ,! *ief ( ! h]dsm51 w\ld convey a diff]5t mean+2 x w\ld be ei!r ! lead] ( ! h]dsm51 or ! pr9cipal "p ( !m4 ,*iefe/1 h[ev]1 has (t5 be5 us$ :]e *ief w\ld h be5 bett]2 z1 ,he sometimes d5i$ admission to ! *iefe/ (fic]s ( ! army4--,cl>5don1 let u look fur!r at ,kirkham's li/ ( absolute sup]latives4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,extreme is f ! ,lat9 sup]lative extremus1 & ( c\rse its lit]al signification is n really susceptible ( increase4 ,yet extreme/ has be5 us$1 & is /ill us$1 by "s ( ! v be/ writ]s2 z1 ,!y ?\ght x ! extreme/ ( evils4--,bacon4 ,t on ! sea's extreme/ bord] /ood4--,addison4 ,h[1 to extreme/ ?rill ( agony4--,pollok1 ,b4 viii1 l4 #bgj4 ,i g ?' extreme/ rem$y to prove4--,dryd54 ,9 extreme/ pov]ty4--,swift4 ,! hairy fool /ood on ?' extreme/ v]ge ( ! swift brook1 augm5t+ x ) te>s4--,%ak4 ,:ile ! extreme/ p>ts ( ! e>? 7 m$itat+ submission4--,att]bury4 ,8 writ+s are poetical to ! extreme/ b\nd>ies ( poetry4--,adams's ,rhetoric1 i1 #hg4 ,9 prose1 ?is sup]lative is n n[ v common2 b ! poets /ill occasionally use x1 = ! sake ( _! measure2 & x ought to be notic$ t ! simple adjective is n p>titive4 ,if we say1 = ! fir/ example1 ! extreme ( evils2 we make ! ^w a n\n1 & d n convey exactly ! same idea t is !re express$4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,p]fect1 if tak5 9 its /ricte/ s5se1 mu/ n be comp>$2 b ?is ^w1 l _m o!rs :i* mean mo/ 9 ! positive1 is (t5 us$ ) a c]ta9 latitude ( mean+1 :i* r5d]s its comp>ison by ! adv]bs n altoge!r inadmissible2 nor is x de/itute ( au?ority1 z ,i h already %[n4 7,see ,obs4 #h?1 p4 #bhj47 ,f ! fir/ r\gh sket*es1 to ! m p]fect draughts4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #aeb4 ,! mo/ p]fect4--,adams's ,lect4 on ,rhet41 i1 #ii & #acf2 ii1 #ag & #eg3 ,blair's ,lect41 pp4 #bj & #cii4 ,! mo/ beautiful & p]fect example ( analysis4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 #aj4 ,! pla9e/1 mo/ p]fect1 & mo/ useful manual4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 ,rev41 p4 #g4 ,our sight is ! mo/ p]fect1 & ! mo/ delightful1 ( all our s5ses4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #daa2 ,blair's ,lect41 pp4 #aae & #aid2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cbb4 ,"h ,murray anonym\sly copi$ ,blair4 ,& to r5d] natives m p]fect 9 ! k ( x4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aga2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cff4 ,"h ,murray copi$ ,campbell1 ! mo/ accurate ( all 8 ma/]s4 ,:om did he copy :5 he said1 ,! phrases1 m p]fect1 & mo/ p]fect1 are improp]8--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #afh4 ,b if ^! are wrong1 s is ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,no poet has ev] atta9$ a great] p]fection ?an ,horace4--,blair's ,lect41 p4 #cih4 ,& also ?is3 ,:y are we br\ght into ! _w less p]fect 9 respect to our nature8--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,"y ,lady1 p4 #bbj4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,"r & wrong are n (t5 comp>$ by good writ]s2 ?\gh we sometimes see su* phrases z m "r & m wrong1 & su* words z righte/ & wronge/3 ',tis always 9 ! wronge/ s5se4--,butl]4 ,a me?od ( atta9+ ! righte/ & greate/ happ9ess4--,,price3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,x is no m "r to /eal apples1 ?an x is to /eal money4--,web/]'s ,new ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aah4 ,!re are equival5t expressions :i* seem pref]able2 z1 m prop]1 m errone\s1 mo/ prop]1 mo/ errone\s4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,hone/1 j1 true1 correct1 s9c]e1 & va/1 may all be comp>$ at pleasure4 ,pope's ,essay on ,criticism is m correct ?an any ?+ ?is mode/ pret5d] c write2 & 9 x1 he may f9d ! comp>ative ju/]1 ! sup]latives ju/e/1 true/1 s9c]e/1 & ! phrases1 ,s va/ a ?rong1--,s va/ is art3 all ( :i* are contr>y to 8 tea*+4 ,unju/] deal+ is us$ 9 buy+ ?an 9 sell+4--,butl]'s ,poems1 p4 #afc4 ,iniquissimam pacem ju/issimo bello antef]o4--,cic]o4 ,i pref] ! unju/e/ peace be=e ! ju/e/ w>4--,walk]'s ,engli% ,p>ticles1 p4 #fh4 ,! poet ,c[ley us$ ! ^w hone/e/2 :i* is n n[ v common4 ,s ,swift3 ,:at hone/] folks nev] dur/ = _! e>s4--,! ,yahoo's ,ov]?r[4 ,s ,jucius3 ,! hone/e/ & able/ m54--,lett] ,,xviii4 ,! s5t5ce w\ld be m correct 9 ! foll[+ =m4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #bbc4 ,elegance is *iefly ga9$ by /udy+ ! correcte/ writ]s4--,holmes's ,rhetoric1 p4 #bg4 ,hone/ & correct1 = ! sake ( euphony1 require ! adv]bs2 z1 m hone/1 mo/ correct4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iv4 ,va/1 va/]1 va/e/1 are words z smoo?1 z fa/1 fa/]1 fa/e/2 & m va/ is c]ta9ly z good ,engli% z m j3 ,%all mortal man be m j ?an ,god8--,job1 iv1 #ag4 ,wilt ?\ condemn him t is mo/ j8--,ib41 xxxiv1 #ag4 ,m wise1 m le>n'd1 m j1 m-ev]y?+4--,pope4 ,univ]sal is (t5 comp>$ by ! adv]bs1 b c]ta9ly ) no ren=cem5t ( mean+3 z1 ,"o ( ! mo/ univ]sal precepts1 is1 t ! orator himself %\ld feel ! passion4--,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #cgi4 ,?\gh n s univ]sal4--,ib41 ii1 #caa4 ,?is exp]i5ce is g5]al1 ?\gh n s univ]sal1 z ! abs5ce ( memory 9 *ildhood4--,ib41 ii1 #cfb4 ,we c suppose no motive :i* w\ld m univ]sally op]ate4--,dr4 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ee4 ,music is kn[n to h be5 m univ]sally /udi$4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,we %all n wond]1 t 8 gramm> has be5 s univ]sally applaud$4--,walk]'s ,recomm5dation 9 ,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #cjf4 ,! pron\n x is ! mo/ univ]sal ( all ! pron\ns4--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,?us mu* = "o half ( ?is critic's tw5ty-two sup]latives4 ,! re/ are simply adjectives t are n susceptible ( comp>ison3 !y are n sup]latives at all4 ,a man might j z well tea*1 t good is a sup]lative1 & n susceptible ( comp>ison1 because !re is none good b "o4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,pronom9al adjectives1 :5 _! n\ns are express$1 simply relate to !m1 & h no modifications3 except ?is & t1 :i* =m ! plurals ^! & ^?2 & mu*1 _m1 & a few o!rs1 :i* are comp>$4 ,examples3 ,:5ce ha? ?is man ?is wisdom1 & ^! mighty works8--,matt41 xiii1 #ed4 ,b "s man w say1 ,h[ are ! dead rais$ up8 & ) :at body d !y come8--#a ,cor41 xv1 #ce4 ,! fir/ man ,adam 0 made a liv+ s\l2 ! la/ ,adam 0 made a quick5+ _s4--,ib41 #de4 ,s1 :5 "o pronom9al adjective prec$es an o!r1 ! =m] mu/ be tak5 simply z an adjective2 z1 ,^? suns are set4 ,o rise "s o!r su*6 --,c[p]'s ,task1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #beb4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,pronom9al adjectives1 :5 _! n\ns are n express$1 may be p>s$ z repres5t+ !m 9 p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 & case2 b ^? :o pref] x1 may supply ! ellipsis1 & p>se ! adjective1 simply z an adjective4 ,example3 ,he ?reat5s _m1 :o injures "o4--,kames4 ,"h x may be said1 ,_m is a pronom9al adjective1 mean+ _m p]sons2 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case4 ,or ^? :o w take ! ^w simply z an adjective1 may say1 ,_m is a pronom9al adjective1 ( ! positive degree1 comp>$ _m1 m1 mo/1 & relat+ to p]sons und]/ood4 ,& s ( "o1 :i* repres5ts1 or relates to1 p]son und]/ood4 ,ei!r say1 ,"o is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$1 & give ! ?ree def9itions accord+ly2 or else say1 ,"o is a pronom9al adjective1 relat+ to p]son und]/ood2 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case1 & give ! six def9itions accord+ly4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,eld] = old]1 & elde/ = olde/1 are /ill frequ5tly us$2 ?\gh ! anci5t positive1 eld = old1 is n[ obsolete4 ,h5ce "s h repres5t$ old z hav+ a two-fold comp>ison2 & h plac$ x1 n v prop]ly1 among ! irregul> adjectives4 ,! comp>atives eld] & bett]1 are (t5 us$ z n\ns2 s are ! ,lat9 comp>atives sup]ior & inf]ior1 int]ior & ext]ior1 s5ior & junior1 major & m9or3 z1 ,! eld]'s advice1--,"o ( ! eld]s1--,8 bett]s1--,our sup]iors1--,! int]ior ( ! c\ntry1--,a h&some ext]ior1--,y\r s5iors1--,my juniors1--,a major 9 ! army1--,he is yet a m9or4 ,! ^w o!r1 :i* has some?+ ( ! nature ( a comp>ative1 likewise takes ! =m ( a n\n1 z be=e sugge/$2 &1 9 t =m1 ! read]1 if he w1 may call x a n\n3 z1 ,:at d ye m ?an o!rs8--,bible4 ,god 9 ?us mu* is b\nd$1 t ! evil ha? he left unto an o!r2 & t ,d>k ,o!r ha? usurp$ ! evil :i* ,omnipot5ce laid d[n4--,tupp]'s ,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #de4 ,"s call x a pron\n4 ,b x seems to be pronom9al1 m]ely by ellipsis ( ! n\n aft] x2 al?\gh1 unlike a m]e adjective1 x assumes ! end+ ( ! n\n1 to m>k t ellipsis4 ,p]haps !re=e1 ! be/ explanation ( x w\ld be ?is3 ',o!rs is a pronom9al adjective1 hav+ ! =m ( a n\n1 & put = o!r m52 9 ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 ,! g5d] ( ?is ^w v>ies1 accord+ to t ( ! contra/$ t]m2 & ! case1 accord+ to ! relation x be>s to o!r words4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 x is neut] & objective3 ,! fibres ( ?is muscle act z ^? ( o!rs4--,*eyne4 ,"h1 z ^? ( o!rs1 means1 z ! fibres ( o!r muscles4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,comp>atives & sup]latives seem sometimes to "p ) _! relative nature1 & only to reta9 _! int5sive1 especially ^? :i* are =m$ by ! sup]lative adv]b mo/2 z1 ',a mo/ le>n$ man1'--',a mo/ brave man3' i4 e4 n ! brave/ or ! mo/ le>n$ man t ev] 01 b a man possess+ brav]y or le>n+ 9 a v em95t degree4--,see ,alex&] ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,?is use ( ! t]ms ( comp>ison is ?\ght by "s n to be v grammatical4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,contractions ( ! sup]lative t]m9ation e/1 z high'/ = highe/1 bigg'/ = bigge/1 ?\gh sometimes us$ by ! poets1 are always inelegant1 & may ju/ly be consid]$ grammatically improp]4 ,!y occur mo/ frequ5tly 9 dogg]el v]se1 l t ( ,hudibras2 ! au?or ( :i* "w1 wrote1 9 8 droll fa%ion1 n only ! =ego+ monosyllables1 b le>n$'/ = mo/ le>n$1 activ'/ = mo/ active1 desp]at'/ = mo/ desp]ate1 epidemical'/ = mo/ epidemical1 c4 ,& ?' activ'/ fancies %>e z loose alloys1 ,= want ( equal weight to c\nt]poise4--,butl]'s ,poems4 ,:o !re=e f9ds ! artificial'/ fools ,h n be5 *ang'd i ?' cradle1 b ! s*ools4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,n\ns us$ adjectively are n v>i$ 9 numb] to agree ) ! n\ns to :i* !y relate1 b :at is s+ul> or plural :5 us$ sub/antively1 is )\t numb] :5 tak5 z an adjective3 z1 ,"o ( ! n9e si/] goddesses4--,web/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,muse4 ,he has money 9 a sav+s bank4 ,! latt] mode ( expression is uncommon1 & ! t]m sav+s-bank is sometimes comp\nd$1 b ! hyph5 does n really affect ! nature ( ! =m] ^w4 ,x is d\btful1 h[ev]1 :e!r a plural n\n c ev] prop]ly assume ! "* ( an adjective2 because1 if x is n !n really ! same z ! possessive case1 x w always be liable to be ?\ght a false =m ( t case4 ,:at ,johnson wrote full]s e>? & full]s ?i/le2 ,*alm]s has full]s e>? & full]'s ?i/le2 ,web/]1 full]'s-e>? & full]'s-?i/le2 ,a9swor?1 full]'s e>? & full]'s ?i/le2 ,walk] has only full]s-e>?2 ,worce/]1 full]'s-e>?2 ,cobb1 full]s e>?2 ! ,treasury ( ,k1 full]s'-e>?4 ,s unsettl$ is ?is "p ( our gramm>1 t 9 _m su* cases x is difficult cult to say :e!r we ought to use ! apo/rophe1 or ! hyph51 or bo?1 or nei!r4 ,to ins]t nei!r1 unless we make a close comp\nd1 is to use a plural n\n adjectively2 :i* =m1 ,i ?9k1 is ! mo/ objectionable ( all4 ,see ,all s\ls day1--,all-fools-day1--,all-sa9ts'-day1 c41 9 ! diction>ies4 ,^! may well be writt5 ,all ,s\ls' ,day c4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,iv4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,f\r? ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles1 ,,n\ns1 & ,,adjectives4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,f\r? ,praxis1 are two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 & "o = a pron\n1 a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adv]b1 a conjunction1 a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,! be/ & mo/ effectual me?od ( tea*+ gramm>1 is precisely t ( :i* ! c>eless are lea/ fond3 tea* le>n$ly1 rebuk+ :atsoev] is false1 blund]+1 or unmann]ly4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,be/ is a common adjective1 ( ! sup]lative degree2 comp>$ irregul>ly1 good1 bett]1 be/4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,! sup]lative degree is t :i* is mo/ or lea/ ( all includ$ ) x4 ,&1 is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruct+1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,mo/ is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,effectual is a common adjective1 comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs2 effectual1 m effectual1 mo/ effectual2 or1 effectual1 less effectual1 lea/ effectual4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,^? adjectives :i* may be v>i$ 9 s5se1 b n 9 =m1 are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs4 ,me?od is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son1 is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,tea*+ is a p>ticiple4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 ,gramm> is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,is is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,precisely is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,t is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$2 /&+ = t me?od1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 ,see ,,obs4 #ad?1 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a pronom9al adjective is a def9itive ^w :i* may ei!r accompany its n\n or repres5t x und]/ood4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,:i* is a pron\n4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,c>eless is a common adjective1 comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs2 c>eless1 m c>eless1 mo/ c>eless2 or1 c>eless1 less c>eless1 lea/ c>eless4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,^? adjectives :i* may be v>i$ 9 s5se1 b n 9 =m1 are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs4 ,are is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,lea/ is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,fond is a common adjective1 comp>$ regul>ly1 fond1 fond]1 fonde/2 b "h made sup]lative by ! adv]b lea/4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #h4 ,! sup]lative degree is t :i* is mo/ or lea/ ( all includ$ ) x4 ,tea* is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,le>n$ly is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,rebuk+ is a p>ticiple4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 ,:atsoev] is a pron\n4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 ,is is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,false is a common adjective1 ( ! positive degree2 comp>$ regul>ly1 false1 fals]1 false/4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,! positive degree is t :i* is express$ by ! adjective 9 its simple =m4 ,blund]+ is a p>ticipial adjective1 comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs2 blund]+1 m blund]+1 mo/ blund]+2 or1 blund]+1 less blund]+1 lea/ blund]+4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a p>ticipial adjective is "o t has ! =m ( a p>ticiple1 b diff]s f x by reject+ ! idea ( "t4 #c4 ,^? adjectives :i* may be v>i$ 9 s5se1 b n 9 =m1 are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs4 ,or is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,unmann]ly is a common adjective1 comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs2 unmann]ly1 m unmann]ly1 mo/ unmann]ly2 or1 unmann]ly1 less unmann]ly1 lea/ unmann]ly4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,^? adjectives :i* may be v>i$ 9 s5se1 b n 9 =m1 are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,! noble/ & mo/ b5eficial inv5tion ( :i* human +5uity c boa/1 is t ( writ+4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aic4 ,*>lemagne 0 ! talle/1 ! h&some/1 & ! /ronge/ man ( 8 "t2 8 appe>ance 0 truly maje/ic1 & he _h surpris+ agility 9 all sorts ( manly ex]cises4--,/ories ( ,france1 p4 #ai4 ,money1 l o!r ?+s1 is m or less valuable1 z x is less or m pl5tiful4--,beanie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cgh4 ,! "r way ( act+1 is1 9 a moral s5se1 z mu* a reality1 9 ! m9d ( an ord9>y man1 z ! /raight or ! "r road4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ,lang41 i1 #aah4 ,! full p]iod ( sev]al memb]s possesses mo/ dignity & modulation1 & conveys also ! greate/ degree ( =ce1 by admitt+ ! close/ compression ( ?\ght4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #gi4 ,8 great ma/]1 ,demo/h5es1 9 address+ popul> audi5ces1 nev] _h rec\rse to a simil> exp$i5t4 ,he avoid$ r$undancies1 z equivocal & feeble4 ,he aim$ only to make ! deepe/ & mo/ effici5t impression2 & he employ$ = ?is purpose1 ! pla9e/1 ! fewe/1 & ! mo/ emphatic words4--,ib41 p4 #fh4 ,! high eloqu5ce :i* ,i h la/ m5tion$1 is always ! (fspr+ ( passion4 ,a man actuat$ by a /rong passion1 becomes mu* great] ?an he is at o!r times4 ,he is consci\s ( m /r5g? & =ce2 he utt]s great] s5tim5ts1 conceives high] designs1 & executes !m ) a boldness & felicity1 ( :i*1 on o!r occasions1 he c\ld n ?9k himself capable4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bcf4 ,8 words bore /]l+ weight1 n]v\s & /rong1 ,9 manly tides ( s5se !y roll'd along4--,*ur*ill4 ,to make ! humble pr\d1 ! pr\d submiss1 ,wis] ! wise/1 & ! brave m brave4--,w4 ,s4 ,l&or4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,i am satisfi$ t 9 ?is1 z 9 all cases1 x is be/1 safe/1 z well z mo/ "r & honorable1 to speak freely & pla9ly4--,*ann+'s ,lett] to ,clay1 p4 #d4 ,! gospel1 :5 prea*$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ s5t d[n f heav51 ?r\gh ! wond]-work+ p[] ( ,god1 c make ! pr\d humble1 ! selfi% dis9t]e/$1 ! worldly heav5ly1 ! s5sual pure4--,*ri/ian ,exp]i5ce1 p4 #cii4 ,i am s mu* ! bett]1 z ,i am ! lik]#ahd ! be/2 & s mu* ! holi]1 z ,i am m con=mable to ! holie/1 or r to ,him :o is hol9ess itself4--,bp4 ,b5]idge4 ,:e!r any ?+ 9 ,*ri/ianity appe>s to !m probable1 or improbable2 consi/5t1 or inconsi/5t2 agreeable to :at !y %\ld h expect$1 or ! contr>y2 wise & good1 or ridicul\s & useless2 is p]fectly irrelevant4--,m',ilva9e's ,evid5ces1 p4 #ebc4 ,god's provid5ce is high]1 & deep]1 & l>g]1 & /rong]1 ?an all ! skill ( 8 adv]s>ies2 & 8 pleasure %all be accompli%$ 9 _! ov]?r[1 except !y rep5t & become 8 fri5ds4--,cox1 on ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #dde4 ,a j reli% ( :at is beautiful1 prop]1 elegant1 & ornam5tal1 9 writ+ or pa9t+1 9 ar*itecture or g>d5+1 is a f9e prep>ation = ! same j reli% ( ^! qualities 9 "* & behavi\r4 ,to ! man :o has acquir$ a ta/e s acute & accompli%$1 e action wrong or improp] mu/ be highly disgu/ful3 if1 9 any in/ance1 ! ov]be>+ p[] ( passion sway him f 8 duty1 he returns to x ) r$\bl$ resolution nev] to be sway$ a second "t4--,kames1 ,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #be4 ,9 grave ,qu9tilian's copi\s "w1 we f9d ,! ju/e/ rules & cle>e/ me?od jo9'd4--,pope1 on ,crit4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,!re are sev]al sorts ( sc&al\s temp]s2 "s malici\s1 & "s effem9ate2 o!rs ob/9ate1 bruti%1 & savage4 ,"s hum\rs are *ildi% & silly2 "s1 false1 & o!rs1 scurril\s2 "s1 m]c5>y1 & "s1 tyrannical4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #eb4 ,words are obvi\sly volunt>y signs3 & !y are also arbitr>y2 except+ a few simple s\nds expressive ( c]ta9 int]nal emotions1 :i* s\nds be+ ! same 9 all languages1 mu/ be ! "w ( nature3 ?us ! unprem$itat$ tones ( admiration are ! same 9 all m54--,kames1 ,elem5ts ( ,crit41 i1 #cdg4 ,a /ately & maje/ic air requires sumptu\s app>el1 :i* ought n to be gaudy1 nor cr[d$ ) little ornam5ts4 ,a woman ( consummate beauty c be> to be highly adorn$1 & yet %[s be/ 9 a pla9 dress4--,ib41 p4 #bgi4 ,( all ext]nal objects a graceful p]son is ! mo/ agreeable4 ,b 9 va9 w a p]son attempt to be graceful1 :o is defici5t 9 amiable qualities4--,ib41 p4 #bii4 ,! faults ( a writ] ( ackn[l$g$ excell5ce are m dang]\s1 because ! influ5ce ( 8 example is m ext5sive2 & ! int]e/ ( le>n+ requires t !y %\ld be discov]$ & /igmatiz$1 be=e !y h ! sanction ( antiquity be/[$ ^u !m1 & become prec$5ts ( indisputable au?ority4--,dr4 ,johnson1 ,rambl]1 ,vol4 ii1 ,no4 #ic4 ,judges ought to be m le>n$ ?an witty1 m rev]5d ?an plausible1 & m advis$ ?an confid5t2 above all ?+s1 integrity is _! portion & prop] virtue4--,bacon's ,essays1 p4 #ade4 ,! wise/ nations1 hav+ ! mo/ & be/ ideas1 w consequ5tly h ! be/ & mo/ copi\s languages4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #djh4 ,"h we trace ! op]ation ( p[]ful causes1 :ile we rema9 ignorant ( _! nature2 b ev]y?+ goes on ) su* regul>ity & h>mony1 z to give a /rik+ & conv9c+ pro( ( a comb9+ direct+ intellig5ce4--,life ( ,w4 ,all51 ,vol4 i1 p4 #agj4 ,! wise/1 unexp]i5c$1 w be ev] ,timor\s & lo?1 ) novice mode/y1 ,irresolute1 unh>dy1 unadv5tur\s4--,milton4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,( ,,adjectives4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,degrees4 ,i h ! real excuse ( ! hone/e/ sort ( bankrupts4--,c[ley's ,preface1 p4 viii4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! adjective hone/e/ is h>%ly comp>$ by e/4 ,b1 accord+ to a pr9ciple /at$ on page #bhc;d conc]n+ ! regul> degrees1 ,?is me?od ( comp>ison is to be appli$ only to monosyllables1 & to dissyllables ( a smoo? t]m9ation1 or su* z receive x & /ill h b "o syllable aft] ! acc5t4 ,!re=e1 hone/e/ %\ld be mo/ hone/2 ?us1 ,i h real excuse ( ! mo/ hone/ sort ( bankrupts4 ,! hon\rable/ "p ( talk1 is1 to give ! occasion4--,bacon's ,essays1 p4 #ij4 ,to give him "o ( 8 own mode/e/ prov]bs4-- ,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #cdj4 ,our language is n[ c]ta9ly prop]] & m natural1 ?an x 0 =m]ly4--,bp4 ,burnet4 ,:i* w be ( mo/ & frequ5te/ use to him 9 ! _w4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #afc4 ,! same is notifi$ 9 ! notable/ places 9 ! diocese4--,:itgift4 ,b x 0 ! dreadfulle/ sight t ev] ,i saw4--,pilgrim's ,progress1 p4 #gj4 ,f\r ( ! anci5te/1 sob]e/1 & discreete/ ( ! bre?r51 *os5 = ! occasion1 %all regulate x4--,locke1 on ,*ur* ,gov4 ,nor c !re be any cle> und]/&+ ( any ,roman au?or1 especially ( anci5t] "t1 )\t ?is skill4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 x4 ,f> ! le>n$e/ ( ! ,greeks4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,! le>n$] ?\ art1 ! humbl] be ?\4--,ib41 p4 #bbh4 ,he is none ( ! be/ or hone/e/4-- ,ib41 p4 #bgd4 ,! prop]e/ me?ods ( communicat+ x to o!rs4-- ,burn's ,gram41 ,pr(1 p4 viii4 ,:at heav5's great ,k+ ha? p[]fulle/ to s5d aga9/ u4--,p>adise ,lo/4 ,b5$ict is n ! unhopefulle/ husb& t ,i "k4--,,%ak43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,t he %\ld imm$iately d all ! meane/ & trifl+e/ ?+s himself4--,,ray3 9 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,i %all be nam$ among ! fam\se/ ( wom54--,,milton',s ,samson ,agoni/es3 ib4 ,^? h ! inv5tive/ heads = all purposes4--,,as*am3 ib4 ,! wret*$] are ! contemn]s ( all helps4--,,b5 ,,jonson3 ib4 ,i w n[ deliv] a few ( ! prop]e/ & naturalle/ consid]ations t belong to ?is piece4--,,wotton3 ib4 ,! mortale/ poisons practis$ by ! ,we/ ,indians1 h "s mixture ( ! blood1 fat1 or fle% ( man4--,,bacon3 ib4 ,he s won ^u him1 t he r5d]$ him "o ( ! fai?fule/ & mo/ affectionate allies ! ,m$es ev] _h4--,roll91 ii1 #ga4 ',y see be=e y1' says he to him1 '! mo/ devot$ s]vant1 & ! fai?fulle/ ally1 y ev] _h4'--,ib41 ii1 #gi4 ,i *ose ! fl\ri%+'/ tree 9 all ! p>k4--,c[ley4 ,:i* he plac$1 ,i ?9k1 "s c5turies backw>d] ?an ,julius ,africanus ?\ght fit to place x aft]w>ds4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #ec4 ,! ,tib]1 ! not$e/ riv] ( ,italy4--,littleton's ,dict4 ,to f>!re/ %ores ! ambrosial _s flies4 --,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ----,t :at %e wills to d or say1 ,seems wise/1 virtu\se/1 discreete/1 be/4 --,milton1 ,b4 viii1 l4 #eej4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$4 ,dur+ ! ?ree or f\r fir/ ye>s ( its exi/5ce4--,taylor's ,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #bg4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! c>d9al numb]s1 ?ree & f\r are put be=e ! ord9al fir/4 ,b1 accord+ to ! #g? "p ( ,obs4 #g?1 page #bhj?1 ,9 specify+ any "p ( a s]ies1 we ought to place ! c>d9al numb] aft] ! ord9al4 ,!re=e ! words ?ree & f\r %\ld be plac$ aft] fir/2 ?us1 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree or f\r ye>s ( its exi/5ce4 ,to ! fir/ ( ^! divisions1 my t5 la/ lectures h be5 devot$4--,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cia4 ,!re are 9 ! tw5ty-f\r /ates n less ?an sixty ?\s& common s*ools4--,taylor's ,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #ch4 ,i "k ( no?+ :i* gives tea*]s s mu* tr\ble z ?is want ( firmness4--,ib41 p4 #eg4 ,i "k ( no?+ t ?r[s su* d>kness ov] ! l9e :i* sep>ates "r f wrong4--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,none ne$ ?is purity & simplicity ( language & ?\ght s mu* z ! common s*ool in/ructor4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,i "k ( no p]iodical t is s valuable to ! tea*] z ! ,annals ( ,education4--,ib41 p4 #fg4 ,are n ^! s*ools ( ! highe/ importance8 ,%\ld n e individual feel ! deepe/ int]e/ 9 _! "* & condition8--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,if in/ruction 7 made a pr(ession1 tea*]s w\ld feel a sympa?y = ea* o!r4--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,no?+ is s likely to int]e/ *ildr5 z novelty & *ange4--,ib41 p4 #aca4 ,i "k ( no lab\r :i* af=ds s mu* happ9ess z t ( ! tea*]'s4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,_! s*ool ex]cises are ! mo/ pleasant & agreeable ( any t !y engage 94--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,i "k ( no ex]cise s b5eficial to ! pupil z t ( draw+ maps4--,ib41 p4 #agf4 ,i "k ( no?+ 9 :i* our di/rict s*ools are s defective z !y are 9 ! art ( tea*+ gramm>4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,i "k ( no?+ s easily acquir$ z hi/ory4--,ib4 p4 #bjf4 ,i "k ( no?+ = :i* s*ol>s usually h su* an abhorr5ce1 z composition4--,ib41 p4 #baj4 ,!re is no?+ 9 our fell[-m5 t we %\ld respect ) s mu* sacr$ness z _! good "n4--,ib41 p4 #cjg4 ,sure nev] any ?+ 0 s unbr$ z t odi\s man4--,,congreve3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,9 ! dialogue betwe5 ! m>9] & ! %ade ( ! decea/4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #dff4 ,^! ma/]-works w\ld /ill be less excell5t & f9i%t--,ib41 i1 #dfi4 ,e attempt to /aylace ! language ( poli%t conv]sation1 r5d]s our phraseology inelegant & clumsy4--,ib41 i1 #fgh4 ,"h are a few ( ! unpleasant'/ words t ev] blott$ pap]4--,,%ak43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,) ! mo/ easy1 undisoblig+ transitions4--,,broome3 ib4 ,fe> is1 ( all affections1 ! unapte/ to admit any conf]5ce ) reason4--,,hook]3 ib4 ,mo/ *ymi/s ?9k glass a body m unde/royable ?an gold itself4--,,boyle3 ib4 ,to "p ) unhackt edges1 & be> back our b>ge und9t$4--,,%ak43 ib4 ,erasmus1 :o 0 an unbigott$ ,roman ,ca?olic1 0 transport$ ) ?is passage4--,,addison3 ib4 ,!re are no less ?an five words1 ) any ( :i* ! s5t5ce might h t]m9at$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cig4 ,! "o prea* ,*ri/ ( cont5tion2 b ! o!r1 ( love4--,philippians1 i1 #af4 ,h5ce we f9d less discont5t & he>t-burn+s1 ?an :]e ! subjects are unequally burd5$4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ef4 ,! s]p5t1 subtil'/ bea/ ( all ! field1 ,i knew2 b n ) human voice indu'd4 --,,milton3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,human4 ,h[ mu* m griev\s w\ld our lives appe>1 ,to rea* ?' eigh? hundr$1 ?an ! eightie? ye>8 --,,d5ham3 ,b4 ,p41 ii1 #bdd4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,brutus engag$ ) ,aruns2 & s fi]ce 0 ! attack1 t !y pi]c$ "o ano!r at ! same "t4--,lempri]e's ,dict4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! phrase "o ano!r is "h appli$ to two p]sons only1 ! words an & o!r be+ ne$lessly comp\nd$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #ae?1 on ! ,classes ( ,adjectives1 ea* o!r mu/ be appli$ to two p]sons or ?+s1 & "o an o!r to m ?an two4 ,!re=e "o ano!r %\ld "h be ea* o!r2 ?us1 ,brutus engag$ ) ,aruns2 & s fi]ce 0 ! attack1 t !y pi]c$ ea* o!r at ! same "t4 ,h] two bro!rs 7 "o aft] ano!r turn$ into /one4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #aid4 ,n\ns are (t5 us$ z adjectives2 z1 ,a gold-r+1 a silv]-cup4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,fire & wat] de/roy "o ano!r4--,wano/ro*t's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,two negatives 9 ,engli% de/roy "o ano!r1 or are equival5t to an affirmative4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #id2 ,e4 ,devis's1 #aaa2 ,mack's1 #adg2 ,murray's1 #aih2 ,*ur*ill's1 #adh2 ,putnam's1 #ace2 ,c4 ,adams's1 #ajb2 ,haml9's1 #gi2 ,alg]'s1 #ff2 ,fisk's1 #adj2 ,+]soll's1 #bjg2 & _m o!rs4 ,two negatives de/roy "o ano!r1 & are g5]ally equival5t to an affirmative4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aia2 ,felton's1 #he4 ,two negatives de/roy "o ano!r & make an affirmative4--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,two negatives de/roy "o ano!r1 be+ equival5t to an affirmative4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,two objects1 resembl+ "o ano!r1 are pres5t$ to ! imag9ation4--,p>k]'s ,ex]cises 9 ,comp41 p4 #dg4 ,mank9d1 9 ord] to hold conv]se ) ea* o!r1 f\nd x necess>y to give names to objects4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,words are d]iv$ f ea* o!r#ahe 9 v>i\s ways4--,coop]'s ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,!re are _m o!r ways ( d]iv+ words f "o ano!r4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,:5 sev]al v]bs connect$ by conjunctions1 succe$ ea* o!r 9 a s5t5ce1 ! auxili>y is usually omitt$ except ) ! fir/4--,fro/'s ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,two or m v]bs1 hav+ ! same nom9ative case1 & imm$iately foll[+ "o ano!r1 are also sep>at$ by commas4 #ahf--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgj2 ,c4 ,adams's1 #abf2 ,russell's1 #aac2 & o!rs4 ,two or m adv]bs imm$iately succe$+ ea* o!r1 mu/ be sep>at$ by commas4--,same ,gramm>s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! memb]s succe$+ ea* o!r1 are v closely connect$1 ! comma is unnecess>y4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgc2 ,comly's1 #aeb2 & o!rs4 ,gratitude1 :5 ex]t$ t[>ds "o ano!r1 naturally produces a v pleas+ s5sation 9 ! m9d ( a grateful man4--,mur41 p4 #bhg4 ,sev]al v]bs 9 ! inf9itive mood1 hav+ a common dep5d5ce1 & succe$+ "o ano!r1 are also divid$ by commas4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,! sev]al words ( :i* x consi/s1 h s ne> a relation to ea* o!r4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bfh2 ,comly's1 #add2 ,russell's1 #aaa2 & o!rs4 ,:5 two or m v]bs h ! same nom9ative1 & imm$iately foll[ "o ano!r1 or two or m adv]bs imm$iately succe$ "o ano!r1 !y mu/ be sep>at$ by commas4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,n\ns frequ5tly succe$ ea* o!r1 mean+ ! same ?+4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,& ^! two t5ses may ?us answ] "o ano!r4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cbb4 ,or "s o!r relation :i* two objects be> to "o ano!r4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #adi4 ,t ! hea!ns tol]at$ ea* o!r1 is all[$4--,gospel its own ,witness1 p4 #gf4 ,& yet ^! two p]sons love "o ano!r t5d]ly4--,murray's ,e4 ,read]1 p4 #aab4 ,9 ! six hundr$? & fir/ ye>4--,g541 viii1 #ac4 ,nor is ?is argu+ ( 8 b a reit]ate clam\r4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #bej4 ,9 sev]als ( !m ! inw>d life ( ,*ri/ianity is to be f\nd4--,ib41 iii1 #bgb4 ,?\gh ,alv>ez1 ,despaut]ius1 & o!r1 all[ x n to be ,plural4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #afi4 ,ev5 ! mo/ dissipate & %ameless blu%$ at ! sight4--,lemp4 ,dict41 w4 ,antio*us4 ,we feel a sup]ior satisfaction 9 survey+ ! life ( animals1 ?an t ( vegetables4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 #agb4 ,b ?is man is s full fraught$ ) malice4--,b>clay's ,works1 i#aa1 #bje4 ,t ,i sugge/ "s ?+s conc]n+ ! prop]e/ means4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccg4 ,s h& 9 h& !y pass'd1 ! lovelie/ pair ,t ev] s9ce 9 love's embraces met4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b41 iv1 l4 #cba4 ,aim at ! high'e/1 )\t ! high'e/ atta9'd ,w be = !e no sitt+1 or n long4 --,id41 ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #ajf4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,pron\ns4 ,a ,pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n3 z1 ,! boy loves 8 book2 he has long lessons1 & he le>ns !m well4 ,! pron\ns 9 our language are tw5ty-f\r2 & _! v>iations are ?irty-two3 s t ! numb] ( words ( ?is class1 is fifty-six4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! ^w = :i* a pron\n /&s1 is call$ its antec$5t1 because x usually prec$es ! pron\n4 ,b "s h limit$ ! t]m antec$5t to ! ^w repres5t$ by a relative pron\n4 ,!re c be no propriety 9 ?is1 unless we w h e pron\n to be a relative1 :5 x /&s = a n\n :i* prec$es x2 &1 if s1 x %\ld be call$ some?+ else1 :5 ! n\n is to be f\nd else:]e4 ,9 ! example above1 8 & he repres5t boy1 & !m repres5ts lessons2 & ^! n\ns are z truly ! antec$5ts to ! pron\ns1 z any c be4 ,yet 81 he1 & !m1 9 our mo/ approv$ gramm>s1 are n call$ relative pron\ns1 b p]sonal4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,e pron\n may be expla9$ z /&+ = ! "n ( some?+1 = ! ?+ itself unnam$1 or = a =m] pron\n2 &1 ) ! n\n1 pron\n1 or ?+1 = :i* x /&s1 e pron\n mu/ agree 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]4 ,! exceptions to ?is1 :e!r app>5t or real1 are v few2 &1 z _! occurr5ce is unfrequ5t1 !re w be little occasion to notice !m till we come to syntax4 ,b if ! /ud5t w obs]ve ! use & import ( pron\ns1 he may easily see1 t "s ( !m are put sub/antively1 = n\ns n previ\sly introduc$2 "s1 relatively1 = n\ns or pron\ns go+ be=e2 "s1 adjectively1 = n\ns t mu/ foll[ !m 9 any explanation :i* c be made ( ! s5se4 ,^! ?ree modes ( sub/itution1 are v diff]5t1 ea* f ! o!rs4 ,yet !y d n s]ve = an accurate division ( ! pron\ns2 because x (t5 happ5s1 t a sub/itute :i* commonly repres5ts ! n\n 9 "o ( ^! ways1 w sometimes repres5t x 9 an o!r4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! pron\ns ,i & ?\1 9 _! diff]5t modifications1 /& imm$iately = p]sons t are1 9 g5]al1 suffici5tly kn[n )\t be+ nam$2 7,i mean+ ! speak]1 & ?\1 ! he>]27 _! antec$5ts1 or n\ns1 are !re=e g5]ally und]/ood4 ,! o!r p]sonal pron\ns1 also1 are sometimes tak5 9 a g5]al & demon/rative s5se1 to d5ote p]sons or ?+s n previ\sly m5tion$2 z1 ,he t ha? k1 sp>e? 8 words4--,bible4 ,"h he is equival5t to ! man1 or ! p]son4 ,! c>e ( po/]ity is mo/ 9 !m t h no po/]ity4--,bacon4 ,"h !m is equival5t to ^? p]sons4 ,h[ f> d y call x to su* a place8--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,"h x1 accord+ to ,prie/ley1 is put = ! di/ance4 ,= ! prie/'s lips %\ld keep k1 & !y %\ld seek ! law at 8 m\?4--,mala*i1 ii1 #g4 ,"h !y is put indef9itely = m5 or p4 ,s :o & :i*1 ?\gh call$ relatives1 d n always relate to a n\n or pron\n go+ be=e !m2 = :o may be a direct sub/itute = :at p]son2 & :i* may mean :i* p]son1 or :i* ?+3 z1 ,& he t 0 heal$1 wi/ n :o x 04--,john1 v1 #ac4 ,t is1 ,! man :o 0 heal$1 knew n :at p]son x 04 ,i c>e n :i* y take2 !y are s mu* alike1 "o _c tell :i* is :i*4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,a pron\n ) :i* a "q is ask$1 usually /&s = "s p]son or ?+ unkn[n to ! speak]2 ! n\n1 !re=e1 _c occur be=e x1 b may be us$ aft] x or 9 place ( x4 ,examples3 ,9 ! grave1 :o %all give !e ?anks8--,ps41 vi1 #e4 ,"h ! ^w :o is equival5t to :at p]son1 tak5 int]rogatively4 ,:i* ( y conv9ce? me ( s98--,john1 viii1 #df4 ,t is1 ,:i* man ( y8 ,ma/]1 :at %all we d8--,luke1 iii1 #ab4 ,t is1 ,:at act1 or ?+8 ,^! solutions1 h[ev]1 conv]t :i* & :at into adjectives3 &1 9 fact1 z !y h no inflections = ! numb]s & cases1 !re is reason to ?9k !m at all times ess5tially su*4 ,we call !m pron\ns1 to avoid ! inconv5i5ce ( suppos+ & supply+ an inf9ite multitude ( ellipses4 ,b :o1 ?\gh (t5 equival5t 7z above7 to an adjective & a n\n1 is nev] itself us$ adjectively2 x is always a pron\n4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 respect to :o or :om1 x sometimes makes little or no diff]5ce to ! s5se1 :e!r we take x z a demon/rative pron\n equival5t to :at p]son1 or suppose x to relate to an antec$5t und]/ood be=e x3 z1 ,ev5 s ! ,son quick5e? :om he w4--,john1 v1 #ba4 ,t is--:at p]sons he w1 or1 ^? p]sons :om he w2 = ! ,greek ^w = :om1 is1 9 ?is in/ance1 plural4 ,! =m] is a %ort] explanation ( ! mean+1 b ! latt] ,i take to be ! true acc\nt ( ! con/ruction2 =1 by ! o!r1 we make :om a d\ble relative1 & ! object ( two gov]n+ words at once4 ,s1 p]haps1 ( ! foll[+ example1 :i* ,dr4 ,johnson cites "u ! ^w :o1 to %[ :at he calls its disjunctive s5se3-- ,!re ?\ tell/ ( k+s1 & :o aspire2 ,:o fall1 :o rise1 :o triumph1 :o d moan4--,daniel4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,x sometimes happ5s t ! real antec$5t1 or ! t]m :i* 9 ! ord] ( ! s5se mu/ /& be=e ! pron\n1 is n plac$ antec$5tly to x1 9 ! ord] giv5 to ! words3 z1 ,x is writt51 ,to :om he 0 n spok5 (1 !y %all see2 & !y t h n he>d1 %all und]/&4--,romans1 xv1 #ba4 ,"h ! s5se is1 ,!y to :om he 0 n spok5 (1 %all see4 ,:oev] takes ! passage o!rwise1 totally misund]/&s x4 ,& yet ! same ord] ( ! words might be us$ to signify1 ,!y %all see to :om 7t is1 to :at p]sons7 he 0 n spok5 (4 ,transpositions ( ?is k9d1 z well z ( e o!r1 occur mo/ frequ5tly 9 poetry4 ,! foll[+ example is f an ,essay on ,satire1 pr9t$ ) ,pope's ,works1 b writt5 by "o ( 8 fri5ds3-- ,^: is ! crime1 ! sc&al too be !irs2 ,! knave & fool are _! own libell]s4--,j4 ,br[n4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! p]sonal & ! int]rogative pron\ns (t5 /& 9 con/ruction z ! antec$5ts to o!r pron\ns3 z1 ,he also t is slo?ful 9 8 "w1 is bro!r to him t is a great wa/]4--,prov41 xviii4 #i4 ,"h he & him are ea* equival5t to ! man1 & ea* is tak5 z ! antec$5t to ! relative :i* foll[s x4 ,= bo? he t sanctifie?1 & !y :o are sanctifi$1 are all ( "o3 = :i* cause1 he is n a%am$ to call !m bre?r54--,heb41 ii1 #aa4 ,"h he & !y may be consid]$ ! antec$5ts to t & :o1 ( ! fir/ clause1 & also to he & !m1 ( ! second4 ,s ! int]rogative :o may be ! antec$5t to ! relative t2 z1 ,:o t has any moral s5se1 d>es tell lies8 ,"h :o1 be+ equival5t to :at p]son1 is ! t]m ) :i* ! o!r pron\n agrees4 ,nay1 an int]rogative pron\n1 7or ! n\n :i* is impli$ 9 x17 may be ! antec$5t to a p]sonal pron\n2 z1 ,:o ha? fir/ giv5 to ,him1 & x %all be recomp5s$ to him aga98--,romans1 xi1 #ce4 ,"h ! idea is1 ,:at p]son ha? fir/ giv5 any ?+ to ! ,"l1 s t x ought to be repaid him8 t is1 s t ! gift ought to be recomp5s$ f ,heav5 to ! giv]8 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! fir/ pron\n is ! antec$5t to all ! re/3-- ,& he t nev] d\bt$ ( 8 /ate1 ,he may p]haps--p]haps he may--too late4--,c[p]4 ,,obs4 #h4--,s ! p]sonal pron\ns ( ! possessive case1 7:i* "s call adjectives17 are sometimes repres5t$ by relatives1 ?\gh less frequ5tly ?an _! primitives3 z1 ,h[ diff]5t1 ,o ,ortogrul1 is ?y condition1 :o art doom$ to ! p]petual torm5ts ( unsatisfi$ desire6--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,"h :o is ( ! second p]son1 s+ul>1 mascul9e2 & repres5ts ! antec$5t pron\n ?y3 = ?y is a pron\n1 & n 7z "s writ]s w h x7 an adjective4 ,examples l ?is1 disprove ! doctr9e ( ^? gramm>ians :o say t my1 ?y1 81 h]1 its1 & _! plurals1 our1 y\r1 _!1 are adjectives4 ,=1 if !y 7 m]e adjectives1 !y c\ld n ?us be made antec$5ts4 ,examples ( ?is con/ruction are suffici5tly common1 & suffici5tly cle>1 to settle t po9t1 unless !y c be bett] expla9$ 9 "s o!r way4 ,take an in/ance or two m3 ,& !y are writt5 = our admonition1 ^u :om ! ends ( ! _w are come4--#a ,cor41 x1 #aa4 ,be ?\ ! fir/ true m]it to befri5d2 ,8 praise is lo/1 :o /ays till all comm5d4--,pope4 ,,classes4 ,pron\ns are divid$ into ?ree classes2 p]sonal1 relative1 & int]rogative4 ,i4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is2 z1 ,:e!r x#ahg 7 ,i or !y1 s we prea*1 & s ye believ$4--#a ,cor41 xv1 #aa4 ,! simple p]sonal pron\ns are five3 namely1 ,i1 ( ! fir/ p]son2 ?\1 ( ! second p]son2 he1 %e1 & x1 ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns are also five3 namely1 myself1 ( ! fir/ p]son2 ?yself1 ( ! second p]son2 himself1 h]self1 & itself1 ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,,ii4 ,a relative pron\n is a pron\n t repres5ts an antec$5t ^w or phrase1 & connects diff]5t clauses ( a s5t5ce2 z1 ,no p c be great1 :o h ceas$ to be virtu\s4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,! relative pron\ns are :o1 :i*1 :at1 t1 z1 & ! comp\nds :oev] or :osoev]1 :i*ev] or :i*soev]1 :atev] or :atsoev]4#ahh ,:at is a k9d ( d\ble relative1 equival5t to t :i* or ^? :i*2 & is to be p>s$1 fir/ z antec$5t1 & !n z relative3 z1 ,?is is :at ,i want$2 t is to say1 ! ?+ :i* ,i want$4--,l4 ,murray4 ,,iii4 ,an int]rogative pron\n is a pron\n ) :i* a "q is ask$2 z1 ,:o t\*$ my clo!s8--,m>k1 v1 #cj4 ,! int]rogative pron\ns are :o1 :i*1 & :at2 be+ ! same 9 =m z relatives4 ,:o dem&s a p]son's "n2 :i*1 t a p]son or ?+ be di/+ui%$ f o!rs2 :at1 ! "n ( a ?+1 or a p]son's occupation & "*4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! pron\ns ,i & myself1 ?\ & ?yself1 ) _! inflections1 are lit]ally applicable to p]sons only2 b1 figuratively1 !y repres5t brutes1 or :atev] else ! human imag9ation inve/s ) spee* & reason4 ,! latt] use ( !m1 ?\gh lit]al p]haps 9 e ?+ b p]son1 con/itutes ! pure/ k9d ( p]sonification4 ,= example3 ,! trees w5t =? on a "t to ano9t a k+ ov] !m3 & !y said unto ! olive-tree1 ',reign ?\ ov] u4' ,b ! olive-tree said unto !m1 ',%\ld ,i leave my fatness1 :]e) by me !y hon\r ,god & man1 & g to be promot$ ov] ! trees8' ,see ,judges1 ix1 f #h to #af4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! pron\ns he & himself1 %e & h]self1 ) _! inflections1 are lit]ally applicable to p]sons & to brutes1 & to ^! only2 if appli$ to lifeless objects1 !y animate !m1 & are figurative 9 g5d]1 ?\gh lit]al p]haps 9 e o!r respect4 ,= example3 ,a diamond ( beauty & lu/re1 obs]v+ at 8 side 9 ! same cab9et1 n only _m o!r gems1 b ev5 a load/one1 began to "q ! latt] h[ he came !re--he1 :o appe>$ to be no bett] ?an a m]e fl9t1 a sorry ru/y-look+ pebble1 )\t ! lea/ %9+ quality to advance him to su* hon\r2 & conclud$ ) desir+ him to keep 8 di/ance1 & to pay a prop] respect to 8 sup]iors4--,kames's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #bbf4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! pron\n x1 z x c>ries 9 itself no su* idea z t ( p]sonality1 or sex1 or life1 is *iefly us$ ) ref]5ce to ?+s inanimate2 yet ! ^w is1 9 a c]ta9 way1 applicable to animals1 or ev5 to p]sons2 ?\gh x does n1 9 itself1 pres5t !m z su*4 ,?us we say1 ,x is ,i2--,x 0 !y2--,x 0 y2--,x 0 y\r ag5t2--,x is y\r bull t has kill$ "o ( my ox54 ,9 examples ( ?is k9d1 ! ^w x is simply demon/rative2 mean+1 ! ?+ or subject spok5 (4 ,t subject1 :atev] x be 9 itself1 may be introduc$ aga9 aft] ! v]b1 9 any p]son1 numb]1 or g5d]1 t suits x4 ,b1 z ! v]b agrees ) ! pron\n x1 ! ^w :i* foll[s1 c 9 no s5se be made1 z ,dr4 ,prie/ley w h x to be1 ! antec$5t to t pron\n4 ,besides1 x is contr>y to ! nature ( :at is prim>ily demon/rative1 to repres5t a prec$+ ^w ( any k9d4 ,! ,doctor absurdly says1 ,n only ?+s1 b p]sons1 may be ! antec$5t to ?is pron\n2 z1 ,:o is x8 ,is x n ,?omas8 i4 e4 ,:o is ! p]son8 ,is n he ,?omas8--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,9 ^! examples1 ! t]ms are transpos$ by int]rogation2 b t circum/ance1 ?\gh x may h help$ to deceive ?is au?or & 8 copi]s1 affects n my ass]tion4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! pron\n :o is usually appli$ only to p]sons4 ,its application to brutes or to ?+s is improp]1 unless we mean to p]sonify !m4 ,b ^:1 ! possessive case ( ?is relative1 is sometimes us$ to supply ! place ( ! possessive case1 o!rwise want+1 to ! relative :i*4 ,examples3 ,! mutes are ^? consonants ^: s\nds _c be protract$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,philosophy1 ^: end is1 to in/ruct u 9 ! k ( nature4--,ib41 p4 #ed2 ,campbell's ,rhet41 #dba4 ,^? adv]bs are comp>$ ^: primitives are obsolete4--,adam's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,aft] a s5t5ce ^: s5se is complete 9 itself1 a p]iod is us$4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,we rememb] be/ ^? ?+s ^: p>ts are me?odically dispos$1 & mutually connect$4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #ei4 ,is !re any o!r doctr9e ^: foll[]s are puni%$8--,,addison3 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ed2 ,l[?'s1 p4 #be4 ,! "q1 ^: solution ,i require1 ,is1 :at ! sex ( wom5 mo/ desire4--,,dryd53 ,l[?1 p4 #be4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,bu*anan1 z well z ,l[?1 condemns ! =ego+ use ( ^:1 except 9 grave poetry3 say+1 ,?is mann] ( p]sonification adds an air ( dignity to ! high] & m solemn k9d ( poetry1 b x is highly improp] 9 ! l[] k9d1 or 9 prose4--,bu*anan's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #gc4 ,&1 ( ! la/ two examples above quot$1 he says1 ,x ought to be ( :i*1 9 bo? places3 i4 e4 ,! foll[]s ( :i*2 ! solution ( :i*4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,! tru? is1 t no p]sonification is "h int5d$4 ,h5ce x may be bett] to avoid1 if we c1 ?is use ( ^:1 z seem+ to imply :at we d n mean4 ,b ,bu*anan himself 7/eal+ ! text ( an old] au?or7 has furni%$ at lea/ "o example z objectionable z any ( ! =ego+3 ,prepositions are naturally plac$ betwixt ! ,words ^: ,relation & ,dep5d5ce ea* ( !m is to express4--,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #ij2 ,briti% ,gram41 p4 #bja4 ,i dislike ?is con/ruction1 & yet sometimes adopt x1 = want ( ano!r z good4 ,x is too mu*1 to say ) ,*ur*ill1 t ?is practice is n[ disc\nt5anc$ by all correct writ]s4--,new ,gram41 p4 #bbf4 ,gramm>ians w\ld p]haps diff] less1 if !y w\ld read m4 ,dr4 ,campbell comm5ds ! use ( ^: = ( :i*1 z an improvem5t sugge/$ by good ta/e1 & e/abli%$ by abundant au?ority4 ,see ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #dbj4 ,,^:1 ! possessive or g5itive case ( :o or :i*2 appli$ to p]sons or ?+s4--,web/]'s ,octavo ,dict4 ,^: is well au?oriz$ by good usage1 z ! possessive ( :i*4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,nor is any language complete1 ^: v]bs h n t5ses4--,h>ris's ,h]mes4 --------',pa/ & future1 are ! w+s ,on ^: support1 h>moni\sly conjo9$1 ,moves ! great _s ( human k4'--,,ms4 ,wordswor?'s ,preface to 8 ,poems1 p4 xviii4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! relative :i*1 ?\gh =m]ly appli$ to p]sons & made equival5t to :o1 is n[ conf9$ to brute animals & inanimate ?+s4 ,?us1 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav51 is n n[ reckon$ good ,engli%2 x %\ld be1 ,our ,fa!r :o art 9 heav54 ,9 ?is1 z well z 9 _m o!r ?+s1 ! cu/om ( spee* has *ang$2 s t :at 0 once "r1 is n[ ungrammatical4 ,! use ( :i* = :o is v common 9 ! ,bible1 & 9 o!r books ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 b all good writ]s n[ avoid ! con/ruction4 ,x occurs sev5ty-five times 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ,luke2 z1 ,joseph1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,heli1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,mat?at1 etc4 etc4 ,aft] a p]sonal t]m tak5 by metonymy = a ?+1 :i* is n improp]2 z1 ,( ! p>ticul> au?or :i* he is /udy+4--,gallaudet4 ,& z an int]rogative or a demon/rative pron\n or adjective1 ! ^w :i* is /ill applicable to p]sons1 z =m]ly2 z1 ,:i* ( y all8--,:i* man ( y all8--,!re arose a reason+ among !m1 :i* ( !m %\ld be ! greate/4--,luke1 ix1 #df4 ,two fair tw9s--! puzzl$ ,/rang]s1 :i* is :i*1 inquire4--,tickell4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,if :i*1 z a direct relative1 is inapplicable to p]sons1 :o ought to be pref]r$ to x 9 all p]sonifications3 z1 ,! seal is set4 ,n[ welcome ?\ dread p[]1 ,nameless1 yet ?us omnipot5t1 :i* "h ,walk'/ 9 ! %ad[ ( ! midnight h\r4 ,,byron3 ,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage1 ,cant1 iv1 /4 #ach4 ,:at sort ( p]sonage is "h imag9$ & address$1 ,i w n pret5d to say2 b x %\ld seem1 t :o w\ld be m prop] ?an :i*1 ?\gh less agreeable 9 s\nd be=e ! ^w "h4 ,9 "o ( 8 notes on ?is ^w1 ,*ur*ill has fall5 into a /range error4 ,he w h :o to repres5t a horse6 & t1 9 su* a s5se1 z w\ld require :i* & n :o1 ev5 = a p]son4 ,z he pr9ts ! mascul9e pron\n 9 ,italics1 p]haps he ?\ght1 ) ,murray & ,web/]1 t :i* mu/ ne$s be ( ! neut] g5d]4 #ahi ,he says1 ,9 ! foll[+ passage1 :i* seems to be us$ in/ead ( :o3-- ',betwe5 two horses1 :i* do? be> him be/2 ,i h1 p]haps1 "s %all[ _s ( judgm5t' ,,%aks41 #a ,h54 ,,vi4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bbf4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! pron\n :at is usually appli$ to ?+s only4 ,x has a tw(old relation1 & is (t5 us$ 7by ellipsis ( ! n\n7 bo? z antec$5t & z relative1 9 ! =m ( a s+le ^w2 be+ equival5t to t :i*1 or ! ?+ :i*1--^? :i*1 or ! ?+s :i*4 ,9 ?is d\ble relation1 :at repres5ts two cases at ! same "t3 z1 ,he is a%am$ ( :at he has done2 t is1 ( :at ?+ or action he has done2--or1 ( t ?+ or action :i* he has done4 ,"h are two objectives4 ,! two cases are sometimes alike1 sometimes diff]5t2 = ei!r ( !m may be ! nom9ative1 & ei!r1 ! objective4 ,examples3 ,! dread ( c5sure ought n to prevail ov] :at is prop]4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #beb4 ,! public e> w n easily be> :at is slov5ly & incorrect4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ab4 ,he :o buys :at he does n ne$1 w (t5 ne$ :at he _c buy4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #bij4 ,:at is j1 is hone/2 & aga91 :at is hone/1 is j4--,cic]o4 ,he t ha? an e>1 let him he> :at ! ,_s sai? unto ! *ur*es4--,rev41 ii1 #g1 #aa1 #ag1 #bi2 iii1 #f1 #ac1 #bb4 ,,obs4 #i4--,?is pron\n1 :at1 is usually ( ! s+ul> numb]1 ?\gh sometimes plural3 z1 ,i mu/ turn to ! faults1 or :at appe> su* to me4--,byron4 ,all di/ortions & mimicries1 z su*1 are :at raise av]sion in/ead ( pleasure4--,/eele4 ,purifi$ inde$ f :at appe> to be its real defects4--,wordswor?'s ,pref41 p4 xix4 ,e s+le impression1 made ev5 by ! same object1 is di/+ui%able f :at h gone be=e1 & f :at succe$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ajg4 ,s5sible p express no ?\ghts b :at make "s figure4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cii4 ,! foll[+ example1 :i* makes :at bo? s+ul> & plural at once1 is a manife/ solecism3 ,:at has s9ce foll[$ are b natural consequ5ces4--,j4 ,c4 ,,calh\n1 ,spee* 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate1 ,m>* #d1 #ahej4 ,"h has %\ld be h2 or else ! =m %\ld be ?is3 ,:at has s9ce foll[$1 is b a natural consequ5ce4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! common import ( ?is rem>kable pron\n1 :at1 is1 z we see 9 ! =ego+ examples1 tw(old2 b "s in/ances occur1 9 :i* x does n appe> to h ?is d\ble con/ruction1 b to be simply decl>atory2 & _m1 9 :i* ! ^w is simply an adjective3 z1 ,:at a /range run ( luck ,i h _h to-day6--,columbian ,orator1 p4 #bic4 ,"h :at is a m]e adjective2 &1 9 ! foll[+ examples1 a pron\n indef9ite3-- ,i tell !e :at1 corporal1 ,i c\ld te> h]4--,%ak4 ,he kn[s :at's :at1 & t's z high ,z metaphysic wit c fly4--,hudibras4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,:at is sometimes us$ bo? z an adjective & z a relative at ! same "t1 & is plac$ be=e ! n\n :i* x repres5ts2 be+ equival5t to ! adjective any or all1 & ! simple relative :o1 :i*#aij or t3 z1 ,:at money we _h1 0 tak5 away4 ,t is1 ,all ! money t we _h1 0 tak5 away4 ,:at man b ent]s1 dies4 ,t is1 ,any man :o ent]s1 dies4 ,x 0 agre$ t :at goods 7 abo>d 8 vessels1 %\ld be l&$4--,mickle's ,india1 p4 #hi4 ,:at appe>ances ( wor? aft]w>ds succe$$1 7 drawn f !nce4--,int]nal ,policy ( ,great ,brita91 p4 #aif4 ,t is1 ,all ! appe>ances ( wor?1 :i* aft]w>ds succe$$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,inde$1 ?is pron\n does n admit ( be+ con/ru$ aft] a n\n1 z a simple relative3 none b ! mo/ illit]ate ev] s]i\sly use x s4 ,:at put = :o or :i*1 is !re=e a ludicr\s vulg>ism2 z1 ,! aspir+ y\? :at fir$ ! ,ephesian dome4--,je/]4 ,! ^w us$ z above1 h[ev]1 does n always preclude ! introduction ( a p]sonal pron\n be=e ! subsequ5t v]b2 z1#aia ,:at god b ent]s yon =bidd5 field1 ,:o yields assi/ance1 or b wills to yield1 ,back to ! skies ) %ame he %all be driv51 ,ga%'d ) di%one/ w\nds1 ! scorn ( heav54--,pope's ,hom]4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! comp\nd :atev] or :atsoev] has ! same peculi>ities ( con/ruction z has ! simpl] ^w :at3 z1 ,:atev] ^w expresses an affirmation1 or ass]tion1 is a v]b2 or ?us1 ,:atev] ^w1 ) a n\n or pron\n be=e or aft] x1 makes full s5se1 is a v]b4--,adam's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,t is1 ,any ^w :i* expresses1 c4 ,we w c]ta9ly d :atsoev] ?+ goe? =? out ( our own m\?4--,j]emiah1 xliv1 #ag4 ,t is--any ?+1 or e ?+1 :i*4 ,:atev] s\nds are difficult 9 pronunciation1 are1 9 ! same proportion1 h>% & pa9ful to ! e>4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aba2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cbe4 ,:atsoev] ?+s 7 writt5 a=etime1 7 writt5 = our le>n+4--,romans1 xv1 #d4 ,9 all ^! examples1 ! ^w :atev] or :atsoev] appe>s to be us$ bo? adjectively & relatively4 ,!re are in/ances1 h[ev]1 9 :i* ! relation ( ?is t]m is n tw(old1 b simple3 z1 ,:atev] useful or engag+ end[m5ts we possess1 virtue is requisite 9 ord] to _! %9+ ) prop] lu/re4--,engli% ,read]1 p4 #bc4 ,"h :atev] is simply an adjective4 ,! decl>ations conta9$ 9 !m ! ,scriptures re/ on ! au?ority ( ,god himself2 & !re c be no appeal f !m to any o!r au?ority :atsoev]4--,london ,epi/le1 #ahcf4 ,"h :atsoev] may be p>s$ ei!r z an adjective relat+ to au?ority1 or z an emphatic pron\n 9 apposition ) its n\n1 l himself 9 ! prec$+ clause4 ,9 ?is g5]al explanatory s5se1 :atsoev] may be appli$ to p]sons z well z to ?+s2 z1 ,i %\ld be sorry if x ent]$ into ! imag9ation ( any p]son :atsoev]1 t ,i 0 pref]r$ to all o!r patrons4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #aa4 ,"h ! ^w :omsoev] might h be5 us$4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,b !re is an o!r con/ruction to be "h expla9$1 9 :i* :atev] or :atsoev] appe>s to be a d\ble relative1 or a t]m :i* includes bo? antec$5t & relative2 z1 ,:atev] purifies1 =tifies also ! he>t4--,engli% ,read]1 p4 #bc4 ,t is4 ,all t purifies--or1 ,ev]y?+ :i* purifies--=tifies also ! he>t4 ,:atsoev] he doe?1 %all prosp]4--,psal41 i1 #c4 ,t is1 ,all t he doe?--or1 ,all ! ?+s :i* he doe?--%all prosp]4 ,?is con/ruction1 h[ev]1 may be suppos$ elliptical4 ,! ,lat9 expression is1 ,omnia qucumque faciet prosp]abuntur4--,vulgate4 ,! ,greek is simil>3 ,greek3 ,kai panta hosa an poii kateuodo?setai4-- ,septuag9t4 ,x is d\btless by "s sort ( ellipsis :i* famili>ity ( use incl9es u to ov]look1 t :at1 :atev]1 & :atsoev]1 :i* are ess5tially adjectives1 h become susceptible ( ?is d\ble con/ruction z pron\ns4 ,b x is que/ionable :at p>ticul> ellipsis we ought "h to suppose1 or :e!r any2 & c]ta9ly1 we ought always to avoid ! suppos+ ( an ellipsis1 if we c4#aib ,n[ if we say ! mean+ is1 ,:atsoev] ?+s he doe?1 %all prosp]2 ?is1 ?\gh analog\s to o!r expressions1 does n simplify ! con/ruction4 ,if we w h x to be1 ,:atsoev] ?+s he doe?1 !y %all prosp]2 ! pron\n !y appe>s to be pleona/ic4 ,s is ! ^w x1 9 ! text1 ,:atsoev] he sai? unto y1 d x4--,john1 ii1 #e4 ,if we say ! full phrase is1 ,all ?+s :atsoev] he doe?1 %all prosp]2 ?is pres5ts1 to an ,engli% e>1 a /ill m obvi\s pleonasm4 ,x may be1 too1 a borr[$ idiom1 f\nd n[h]e b 9 translations2 z1 ,all ?+s :atsoev] ye %all ask 9 pray]1 believ+1 ye %all receive4--,matt41 xxi1 #bb4 ,f ^! views1 !re seems to be "s objection to any & e me?od ( p>s+ ! above-m5tion$ con/ruction z elliptical4 ,! le>n] may !re=e say1 9 su* in/ances1 t :atev] or :atsoev] is a d\ble relative1 includ+ bo? antec$5t & relative2 & p>se x1 fir/ z antec$5t1 9 connexion ) ! latt] v]b1 & !n z relative1 9 connexion ) ! =m]4 ,b let him obs]ve t ! ord] ( ! v]bs may be ! rev]se ( ! =ego+2 z1 ,ye are my fri5ds1 if ye d :atsoev] ,i comm& y4--,john1 xv1 #ad4 ,t is1 accord+ to ! ,greek1 ,if ye d :atsoev] ,i comm& to y2 ,?\gh x w\ld be bett] ,engli% to say1 ,if ye d :atsoev] ,i comm& y to d4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 h[ev]1 x seems prop] to recognize an ellipsis2 nay1 ! omissions 9 ! con/ruction ( ! la/ l9e1 are z _m z ?ree or f\r2-- ,expatiate ) glad /ep1 & *oose at w ,:ate'er bright spoils ! florid e>? conta9s1 ,:ate'er ! wat]s1 or ! liquid air4--,ak5side4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,z ! simple ^w :o diff]s f :i* & :at1 9 be+ always a decl9able pron\n2 s its comp\nds diff] f !irs1 9 be+ incapable ( ei!r ( ! d\ble con/ructions above describ$4 ,yet :oev] & :oso or :osoev]1 z well z :i*ev] & :i*soev]1 :atev] & :atsoev]1 d]ive1 f ! affix :i* is add$1 or f ! peculi>ity ( _! syntax1 an unlimit$ signification--or a signification :i* is limit$ only by ! foll[+ v]b2 &1 z "s g5]al t]m1 su* z any p]son1 or all p]sons1 is impli$ z ! antec$5t1 !y are commonly connect$ ) o!r words z if !y /ood = two cases at once3 z1 ,:oev] seeks1 %all f9d4 ,t is1 ,any p]son :o seeks1 %all f9d4 ,b z ! case ( ?is comp\nd1 l t ( ! simple ^w :o1 ^:1 or :om1 is kn[n & det]m9$ by its =m1 x is necess>y1 9 p>s+1 to treat ?is phraseology z be+ elliptical4 ,! comp\nds ( :o d n1 !re=e1 actually /& = two cases1 ?\gh "s gramm>ians affirm t !y d4#aic ,example3 ,! soldi]s made proclamation1 t !y w\ld sell ! empire to :oev] w\ld pur*ase x at ! highe/ price4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #bca4 ,t is--to any man :o w\ld pur*ase x4 ,! affix ev] or soev] becomes unnecess>y :5 ! ellipsis is suppli$2 & ?is fact1 x mu/ be confess$1 is a plausible argum5t aga9/ ! supposition ( an ellipsis4 ,b ! suppos+ ( an antec$5t und]/ood1 is "h unavoidable2 because ! preposition to _c gov]n ! nom9ative case1 & ! ^w :oev] _c be an objective4 ,& s 9 all o!r in/ances 9 :i* ! two cases are diff]5t3 z1 ,he bids :oev] is a?ir/1 to come4--,j5ks's ,devotions1 p4 #aea4 ,elizabe? publicly ?reat5$1 t %e w\ld h ! head ( :oev] _h advis$ x4--,,hume3 9 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,if x is necess>y 9 p>s+ to supply ! antec$5t to :oev] or :osoev]1 :5 two diff]5t cases are repres5t$1 x is b analog\s & reasonable to supply x also :5 two simil> cases occur3 z1 ,:oev] borr[s money1 is b\nd 9 consci5ce to repay x4--,paley4 ,:oev] is eag] to f9d excuses = vice & folly1 w f9d 8 own backw>dness to practise !m mu* dim9i%$4-- ,*apone4 ,:oev] exam9es 8 own imp]fections1 w cease to be fa/idi\s2 :oev] re/ra9s hum\r & caprice1 w cease to be squeami%4--,crabb's ,synonymes4 ,9 all ^! examples1 we h ! ^w 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 ,& "h x is mo/ commonly f\nd4 ,x is always ( ! ?ird p]son2 &1 ?\gh its numb] may be plural2 its g5d]1 fem99e2 its case1 possessive or objective2 we d n (t5 use x 9 any ( ^! ways4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! latt] v]b is att5d$ ) an o!r pron\n1 :i* repres5ts ! same p]son or p]sons2 z1 ,& :osoev] w1 let him take ( ! wat] ( life freely4--,rev41 xxii1 #ag4 ,! case ( ?is comp\nd relative always dep5ds ^u :at foll[s x1 & n ^u :at prec$es2 z1 ,or ask ( :omsoev] he has taught4--,c[p]4 ,t is--( any p]son :om he has taught4 ,9 ! foll[+ text1 we h ! possessive plural3 ,:osesoev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$ unto !m4--,john1 xx1 #bc4 ,t is1 ,:atev] p]sons' s9s4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,9 su* phraseology z ! foll[+1 !re is a /iffness :i* ought to be avoid$3 ,= :omev] ,god loves1 he loves !m 9 ,*ri/1 & no o!rways4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #bae4 ,bett]3 ,= all :om ,god loves1 he loves 9 ,*ri/1 & no o!rwise4 ,:5 ! ,fa!r draws1 :omev] he draws1 may come4--,p5+ton4 ,bett]3 ,:5 ! ,fa!r draws1 all :om he draws1 7or1 e "o :om he draws47 may come4 ,a mod]n critic ( imm5se promise cites ! foll[+ clause z be+ f\nd 9 ! ,bible3 ,b he love? :omsoev] foll[e? aft] righte\sness4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #gb4 ,x is lam5table to see ! unfai?fulness ( ?is g5tleman's quotations4 ,ab\t half ( !m are spuri\s2 & ,i am confid5t t ?is "o is nei!r ,scripture nor good ,engli%4 ,! comp\nd relative1 be+ ! subject ( foll[e?1 %\ld be 9 ! nom9ative case2 = ! object ( ! v]b love? is ! antec$5t e "o1 und]/ood4 ,b ! idea may be bett] express$1 )\t any ellipsis1 ?us3 ,he love? e "o :o foll[e? aft] righte\sness4 ,! foll[+ example f ! same h& is also wrong1 & ! au?or's rule & reason+ connect$ ) x1 are utt]ly fallaci\s3 ,i w give ! rew>d to :omsoev] w appreh5d ! rogue4--,ib41 p4 #bef4 ,mu* bett] say1 to any "o :o2 b1 if y *oose ! comp\nd ^w1 by all analogy1 & all good au?ority1 x mu/ "h be :oev] or :osoev]4 ,! %ort] comp\nd :oso1 :i* occurs v frequ5tly 9 ! ,bible1 is n[ almo/ obsolete 9 prose1 b /ill sometimes us$ by ! poets4 ,x has ! same mean+ z :osoev]1 b appe>s to h be5 conf9$ to ! nom9ative s+ul>2 & :atso is /ill m r>e3 z1 ,:oso digge? a pit1 %all fall !re94--,prov41 xxvi1 #bg4 ,:i* :oso ta/es1 c be enslav$ no m4--,c[p]4 ,on _! int5d$ j\rney to proce$1 ,& ov] night :atso !reto did ne$4--,hubb>d4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! relative t is appli$ indiff]5tly to p]sons1 to brute animals1 & to inanimate ?+s4 ,b ! ^w t is n always a relative pron\n4 ,x is sometimes a pron\n1 sometimes an adjective1 & sometimes a conjunction4 ,i call x n a demon/rative pron\n & also a relative2 because1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,murray & o!rs h /yl$ x a demon/rative adjective pron\n1 x is a pronom9al adjective1 & x is bett] to call x s4 7#a47 ,x is a relative pron\n :5ev] x is equival5t to :o1 :om1 or :i*3 z1 ,!re is n a j man ^u e>?1 t doe? good1 & s9ne? n--,eccl41 vii1 #bj4 ,x 0 div]se f all ! bea/s t 7 be=e x4--,dan41 vii1 #g4 ,& he _h a "n writt51 t no man knew b he himself4--,rev41 xix1 #ab4 7#b47 ,x is a pronom9al adjective :5ev] x relates to a n\n express$ or und]/ood aft] x3 z1 ,?us ) viol5ce %all t great city1 ,babylon1 be ?r[n d[n4--,rev41 xviii1 #ba4 ,behold t ?+ :i* ,i h se54--,eccl41 v1 #ah4 ,& !y said1 ',:at is t#aid matt] to u8 ,see ?\ to t' matt]4--,matt41 xxvii1 #d4 7#c47 ,9 its o!r uses1 x is a conjunction1 &1 z su*1 x mo/ commonly makes :at foll[s x1 ! purpose1 object1 or f9al cause1 ( :at prec$es x3 z1 ,i read t ,i may le>n4--,dr4 ,adam4 ,ye m5 ( ,a!ns1 ,i p]ceive t 9 all ?+s ye are too sup]/iti\s4--,/4 ,paul4 ,live well1 t y may die well4--,anon4 ,take he$ t ?\ speak n to ,jacob4--,g5esis4 ,judge n1 t ye be n judg$4--,mat!w4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,! ^w t1 or inde$ any o!r ^w1 %\ld nev] be s us$ z to leave ! "p ( spee* unc]ta92 z1 ,= 9 ! day t ?\ eate/ !re(1 ?\ %alt surely die4--,g541 ii1 #ag4 ,"h t seems to be a relative pron\n1 repres5t+ day1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul>1 neut]2 yet1 9 o!r respects1 x seems to be a conjunction1 because !re is no?+ to det]m9e its case4 ,bett]3 ,= 9 ! day on :i* ?\ eate/ !re(1 ?\ %alt surely die4 ,?is mongrel con/ruction ( ! ^w t1 7 its ju/ification possible1 is common en\gh 9 our language to be made good ,engli%4 ,b x mu/ ne$s be condemn$1 because x r5d]s ! "* ( ! t]m ambigu\s1 & is su* a grammatical difficulty z puts ! p>s] at a dead nonplus4 ,examples3 7#a47 ,b at ! same "t ,,t m5 are giv+ _! ord]s1 ,god on 8 "p is likewise giv+ 84--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #ajf4 ,"h ! phrase1 at ! same "t t1 is only equival5t to ! adv]b :ile2 & yet x is incomplete1 because x means1 at ! same "t at :i*1 or1 at ! v "t at :i*4 7#b47 ,! au?or ( ?is "w1 at ! same "t ,,t he has endeav\r$ to avoid a plan1 :i* may be too concise or too ext5sive1 defective 9 its p>ts or irregul> 9 ! disposition ( !m1 has /udi$ to r5d] 8 subject suffici5tly easy1 intelligible1 & compreh5sive4--,murray's ,gram41 ,introd41 p4 #a4 ,?is s5t5ce1 :i* is no unfair specim5 ( its au?or's orig9al /yle1 ne$s ?ree corrections3 #a4 ,= at ! same "t t1 say :ile3 #b4 ,drop ! phrase1 :i* may be1 because x is at lea/ useless3 #c4 ,= subject1 read treatise1 or compilation4 ,y w ?us h tol]able diction4 ,aga93 7#c47 ,! p>ticiples ( active v]bs act ^u objects & gov]n !m 9 ! objective case1 9 ! same mann] t ! v]bs d1 f :i* !y are d]iv$4 ,a p>ticiple 9 ! nature ( an adjective1 belongs or ref]s to n\ns or pron\ns 9 ! same mann] t adjectives d2 & :5 x w admit ! degrees ( comp>ison1 x is call$ a p>ticipial adjective4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,?is is ! /yle ( a g5tleman ( no ord9>y pret5sions1 "o :o ?9ks he has produc$ ! be/ gramm> t has ev] appe>$ 9 our language4 ,to me1 h[ev]1 8 "w sugge/s an abundance ( que/ions l ^!2 ea* ( :i* w\ld palpably involve him 9 a dilemma3 ,:at is "h meant by objects1 ! words1 or ! ?+s8 if ! =m]1 h[ are !y act$ ^u8 if ! latt]1 h[ are !y gov]n$8 ,if a p>ticiple is call$ an adjective1 :i* is x1 an adjective1 or a p>ticiple8 ,if a p>ticiple ref]s to n\ns or pron\ns1 h[ _m ( ^! are requir$ by ! relation8 ,:5 does a p>ticiple admit ! degrees ( comp>ison8 ,h[ %all we p>se ! ^w t 9 ! =ego+ s5t5ces8 ,,obs4 #ai4--,! ^w z1 ?\gh usually a conjunction or an adv]b1 has sometimes ! con/ruction ( a relative pron\n1 especially aft] su*1 s _m1 or z _m2 &1 :atev] ! antec$5t n\n may be1 ?is is ! only fit relative to foll[ any ( ^! t]ms 9 a re/rictive s5se4 ,examples3 ,we h be5 accu/om$ to repose on its v]acity ) su* humble confid5ce z suppresses curiosity4--,johnson's ,life ( ,c[ley4 ,! malcont5ts made su* dem&s z none b a tyrant c\ld refuse4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 ,let4 #g4 ,! ,"l add$ to ! *ur* daily su* p]sons z %\ld be sav$4--,acts1 ii1 #dg4 ,& z _m z 7 orda9$ to et]nal life1 believ$4--,acts1 xiii1 #dh4 ,z _m z ,i love1 ,i rebuke & *a/54--,rev41 iii1 #ai4 ,"k ye n1 t s _m ( u z 7 baptiz$ into ,jesus ,*ri/1 7 baptiz$ into 8 dea?8--,rom41 vi1 #c4 ,= z _m ( y z h be5 baptiz$ into ,*ri/1 h put on ,*ri/4--,gal41 iii1 #bg4 ,a syllable is s _m lett]s z are spok5 ) "o motion ( ! voice4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,! comp\nd t5ses are su* z _c be =m$ )\t an auxili>y v]b4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,s5d him su* books z w please him4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,9 ref]r+ to su* a division ( ! day z is pa/1 we use ! imp]fect4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,p>ticiples h ! same gov]nm5t z ! v]bs f :i* !y are d]iv$4--,ib41 ,rule xiv4 ,p>ticiples h ! same gov]nm5t z ! v]bs h f :i* !y are d]iv$4-- ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,9 "s ( ^! examples1 z is 9 ! nom9ative case1 & 9 o!rs1 9 ! objective2 9 "s1 x is ( ! mascul9e g5d]1 & 9 o!rs1 x is neut]2 9 "s1 x is ( ! plural numb]1 & 9 o!rs1 x is s+ul>3 b 9 all1 x is ( ! ?ird p]son2 & 9 all1 its p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 & case1 are z obvi\s z ^? ( any inv>iable pron\n c be4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,"s writ]s--7! mo/ popul> are ,web/]1 ,bullions1 ,wells1 & ,*&l]--7 imag9e t z1 9 su* s5t5ces z ! =ego+1 c be made a conjunction1 & n a pron\n1 if we w all[ !m to consid] ! phraseology elliptical4 ,( ! example = :i* ,i am indebt$ to him1 ,dr4 ,web/] says1 ,z mu/ be consid]$ z ! nom9ative to w please1 or we mu/ suppose an ellipsis ( sev]al words3 z1 ',s5d him su* books z ! books :i* w please him1 or z ^? :i* w please him4'--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,?is pret5d$ explanation mu/ be reject$ z an absurdity4 ,9 ei!r =m ( x1 two nom9atives are idly imag9$ betwe5 z & its v]b2 &1 ,i ask1 ( :at is ! fir/ "o ! subject8 ,if y say1 ,( are und]/ood1 mak+ ! phrase1 su* books z ! books are2 does n z be> ! same relation to ?is new v]b are1 t is f\nd 9 ! pron\n :o1 :5 "o says1 ,tell him :o y are8 ,if s1 z is a pron\n /ill2 s t1 ?us f>1 y ga9 no?+4 ,& if y w h ! :ole explanation to be1 ,s5d him su* books z ! books are books :i* w please him2 y multiply words1 & f9ally arrive at no?+1 b tautology & nons5se4 ,wells1 n condesc5d+ to %[ 8 pupils :at he w\ld supply aft] ?is z1 ?9ks x suffici5t to say1 ! ^w is foll[$ by an ellipsis ( "o or m words requir$ to complete ! con/ruction2 z1 ',he 0 ! fa!r ( all su* z h&le ! h>p & organ4'--,g54 #d3 #ba4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #afd2 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #agb4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,*&l] exhibits ! s5t5ce1 ,^! are n su* z are worn2 &1 9 p>s+ x1 exp\nds ! words z & are1 ?us2 ! crot*ets be+ 81 n m9e3 z4444 is an adv]b1 connect+ ! two s5t5ces 9 comp>+ !m1 ,x is a fault ( "s1 t !y make z a pron\n1 :51 9 a comp>ative s5t5ce1 x corresponds ) su*1 & is imm$iately foll[$ by a v]b1 z 9 ! s5t5ce n[ giv54 ,?is is probably done f an ignorance ( ! real nom9ative to ! v]b4 ,! s5t5ce %\ld /& ?us3 ',^! 7p]haps bonnets7 are n su* 7bonnets7 z 7^? bonnets7 are 7:i* are7 worn4' ,!n are 4444 is ! sub/antive v]b1 ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 & agrees ) ! n\n bonnets1 und]/ood4--,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #afb4 ,all ?is be>s ! m>ks ( %all[ flippancy4 ,no "p ( x is accurate4 ,are worn1 :i* ! critic unw>rantably divides by 8 misplac$ curves & unc\? impletions1 is a passive v]b1 agree+ ) ! pron\n z4 ,b ! text itself is faulty1 be+ un9telligible ?r\gh lack ( a n\n2 =1 ( ?+s t may be worn1 !re are a ?\s& diff]5t sorts4 ,is x n ridicul\s1 = a great gramm>ian to (f]1 z a model = p>s+1 :at he himself1 f an ignorance ( ! real nom9ative1 c only int]pret ) a p]haps8 ,b ! n\n :i* ?is au?or supplies1 ! mean+ :i* he guesses t he _h1 he "h v improp]ly /[s away )9 a pair ( crot*ets4 ,nor is x true1 t ! s5t5ce %\ld /& z above exhibit$2 = ! tautological correction n only has ! v extreme ( awkw>dness1 b /ill makes z a pron\n1 a nom9ative1 belong+ aft] are3 s t ! phrase1 z are worn1 is only encumb]$ & p]v]t$ by ! v]bose addition made4 ,s ( an o!r example giv5 by ?is exp\nd]1 9 :i* z is an objective3 ,he is exactly su* a man z ,i saw4--,*&l]'s ,com4 ,s*4 ,gram41 p4 #afc4 ,"h z is ! object ( saw4 ,b ! au?or says1 ,! s5t5ce1 h[ev]1 %\ld /& ?us3 ',he is exactly su* a man z t p]son 0 :om ,i saw4'--,ibid4 ,?is inelegant alt]ation makes z a nom9ative dep5d5t on 04 ,,obs4 #bb4--,! use ( z = a relative pron\n1 is almo/ entirely conf9$ to ^? connexions 9 :i* no o!r relative w\ld be prop]2 h5ce few in/ances occur1 ( its absolute equival5ce to :o1 :i*1 or t1 by :i* to e/abli% its claim to ! same rank4 ,examples l ! foll[+1 h[ev]1 g f> to prove x1 if pro( be necess>y2 because :o & :i* are "h employ$1 :]e z is c]ta9ly n[ requir$ by all good usage3 ,x is n only conv5i5t1 b absolutely ne$ful1 t !re be c]ta9 meet+s at c]ta9 places & times1 z may be/ suit ! conv5i5ce ( su*1 :o may be mo/ p>ticul>ly conc]n$ 9 !m4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #die4 ,:i*1 no d\bt1 w be f\nd obligatory ^u all su*1 :o h a s5se & feel+ ( ! m9d ( ! ,_s4--,ib41 i1 p4 #egh4 ,condemn+ or remov+ su* ?+s1 :i* 9 !mselves are evil4--,ib41 i1 p4 #eaa4 ,9 ^! citations1 n only are :o & :i* improp]ly us$ = z1 b ! commas be=e !m are also improp]1 because ! relatives are int5d$ to be tak5 9 a re/rictive s5se4 ,if !re be su* t walk disord]ly n[4--,ib41 i1 p4 #dhh4 ,"h t ought to be z2 or else su* ought to be p]sons1 or ^?4 ,:5 su* virtues1 z :i* /ill accompany ! tru?1 are necess>ily suppos$ to be want+4--,ib41 i1 p4 #ejb4 ,"h :i*1 & ! comma be=e z1 %\ld bo? be expung$4 ,i %all raise 9 _! m9ds ! same c\rse ( ?\ght z has tak5 possession ( my own4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #fa4 ,! pron\n mu/ be 9 ! same case z ! antec$5t w\ld be 91 if sub/itut$ = x4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aha4 ,! v]b mu/ !re=e h ! same con/ruction z x has 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aij4 ,"h z is exactly equival5t to ! relative t1 & ei!r may be us$ ) equal propriety4 ,we _c avoid ! conclusion1 !re=e1 t1 z ! latt] ^w is sometimes a conjunction & sometimes a pron\n1 s is ! =m]4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,! relatives t & z h ?is peculi>ity2 t1 unlike :om & :i*1 !y nev] foll[ ! ^w on :i* _! case dep5ds2 nor inde$ c any simple relative be s plac$1 except x be gov]n$ by a preposition or an inf9itive4 ,?us1 x is said1 7,john1 xiii1 #bi?17 ,buy ^? ?+s t we h ne$ (2 s we may say1 ,buy su* ?+s z we h ne$ (4 ,b we _c say1 ,buy ^? ?+s ( t we h ne$2 or1 ,buy su* ?+s ( z we h ne$4 ,?\gh we may say1 ,buy ^? ?+s ( :i* we h ne$1 z well z1 ,buy ^? ?+s :i* we h ne$ (2 or1 ,admit ^? p]sons ( :om we h ne$1 z well z1 ,admit ^? p]sons :om we h ne$ (4 ,by ?is x appe>s t t & z h a clos] connexion ) _! antec$5ts ?an ! o!r relatives require3 a circum/ance wor?y to h be5 bett] rememb]$ by "s critics4 ,aga91 t & z are us$ r diff]5tly4 ,:5 t is us$1 ! v]b mu/ be repeat$2 z1 ',p>ticiples require ! same gov]nm5t1 t _! v]bs require4'--',james %[$ ! same cr$ulity1 t 8 m9i/] %[$4' ,b :5 z is us$1 ! v]b g5]ally may1 or may n be repeat$2 z1 ',p>ticiples require ! same gov]nm5t z _! v]bs2' or1 'z _! v]bs require4'--',james %[$ ! same cr$ulity z 8 m9i/]2' or1 'z 8 m9i/] %[$3' ! second nom9ative m9i/] be+ p>s$ z ! nom9ative to ! same v]b %[$ und]/ood4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #adj4aie ,,obs4 #bd4--,! t]m9at+ ( a s5t5ce ) a preposition1 or o!r small p>ticle1 is 9 g5]al undignifi$1 ?\gh p]haps n o!rwise improp]4 ,h5ce ! above-nam$ inflexibility 9 ! con/ruction ( t & z1 sometimes induces an ellipsis ( ! gov]n+ ^w design$2 & is occasionally att5d$ ) "s difficulty respect+ ! *oice ( our t]ms4 ,examples3 ,! answ] is always 9 ! same case t ! int]rogative ^w is4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,"h is a faulty t]m9ation2 & ) x a m faulty ellipsis4 ,9 /ead ( end+ ! s5t5ce ) is 91 say1 ,! answ] always agrees 9 case ) ! int]rogative ^w4 ,aga93 ,! relative is ( ! same p]son ) ! antec$5t4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aja4 ,?is s5t5ce is wrong1 because ! p]son ( ! relative is n really id5tical ) ! antec$5t4 ,! relative is ( ! same p]son z ! antec$5t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,"h ! writ] means--z ! antec$5t is (4 ,a neut] v]b becomes active1 :5 foll[$ by a n\n ( ! same signification ) its own4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,"h same is wrong1 or else ! la/ ?ree words are useless4 ,x w\ld !re=e be improp] to say--( ! same signification z its own4 ,! expression ought to be--( a signification simil> to its own4 ,ode is1 9 ,greek1 ! same ) song or hymn4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cif4 ,song be+ no ,greek ^w1 ,i _c ?9k ! =ego+ expression accurate1 ?\gh "o might say1 ,ode is id5tical ) song or hymn4 ,w\ld x n be bett] to say1 ,ode is ! same z song or hymn8 ,t is1 ,ode is1 lit]ally1 ! same ?+ t song or hymn is8 ,treatises ( philosophy1 ought n to be compos$ 9 ! same /yle ) orations4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #age4 ,"h nei!r ) nor z c be prop]2 because orations are n a /yle4 ,expunge same2 & say--9 ! /yle ( orations4 ,,obs4 #be4--;,few writ]s are suffici5tly c>eful 9 _! *oice & managem5t ( relatives4 ,9 ! foll[+ in/ance1 ,murray & o!rs violate a special rule ( _! own gramm>s1 by us+ :om = t aft] an adjective ( ! sup]lative degree3 ,modify+ !m accord+ to ! g5ius ( t tongue1 & ! e/abli%$ practice ( ! be/ speak]s & writ]s by :om x is us$4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #a2 ,fisk's1 p4 #aa2 et al4 ,accord+ to ,prie/ley & himself1 ! great ,compil] is "h 9 an error4 ,! rule is p]haps too /r+5t2 b :oev] tea*es x1 %\ld keep x4 ,if he did n l to say1 ! be/ speak]s & writ]s t x is us$ by2 he ought to h said1 ! be/ speak]s & writ]s t use x4 ,or1 r1 he ought to h said no?+ aft] ! ^w writ]s2 because ! :ole relative clause is "h weak & useless4 ,yet h[ _m ( ! am5d]s ( ?is gramm> h n _h p]spicacity en\gh1 ei!r to omit ! expression1 or to correct x accord+ to ! au?or's own rule6 ,,obs4 #bf4--,relative pron\ns are capable ( be+ tak5 9 two v diff]5t s5ses3 ! "o1 re/rictive ( ! g5]al idea sugge/$ by ! antec$5t2 ! o!r1 resumptive ( t idea1 9 ! full import ( ! t]m--or1 9 :atev] ext5t ! previ\s def9itives all[4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ^! two s5ses1 important z x is1 is frequ5tly made to dep5d solely ^u ! ins]tion or ! omission ( a comma4 ,?us1 if ,i say1 ,m5 :o grasp aft] ri*es1 are nev] satisfi$2 ! relative :o is tak5 re/rictively1 & ,i am und]/ood to speak only ( ! av>ici\s4 ,b1 if ,i say1 ,m51 :o grasp aft] ri*es1 are nev] satisfi$2 by sep>at+ ! t]ms m5 & :o1 ,i decl>e all m5 to be covet\s & unsatisfi$4 ,= ! =m] s5se1 ! relative t is pref]able to :o2 & ,i %all pres5tly %[ :y4 ,?is example1 9 ! latt] =m1 is f\nd 9 ,sanborn's ,gramm>1 page #adb;d2 b :e!r ! au?or meant :at he says1 or n1 ,i d\bt4 ,l _m o!r unskillful writ]s1 he has paid little reg>d to ! above-m5tion$ di/9ction2 &1 9 "s in/ances1 8 mean+ _c h be5 :at 8 words decl>e3 z1 ,a prism is a solid1 ^: sides are all p>allelograms4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,?is1 z x /&s1 is no def9ition ( a prism1 b an ass]tion ( two ?+s2 t a prism is a solid1 & t all ! sides ( a solid are p>allelograms4 ,erase ! comma1 & ! words w describe ! prism z a peculi> k9d ( solid2 because ^: w !n be tak5 9 ! re/rictive s5se4 ,?is s5se1 h[ev]1 may be convey$ ev5 ) a comma be=e ! relative2 z1 ,"s fictiti\s hi/ories yet rema91 t 7 compos$ dur+ ! decl9e ( ! ,roman empire4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgd4 ,?is does n sugge/ t !re are no o!r fictiti\s hi/ories n[ extant1 ?an su* z 7 compos$ dur+ ! decl9e ( ! ,roman empire2 b ,i submit x to ! read]1 :e!r ! ^w :i*1 if "h put = t1 w\ld n convey ?is idea4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,^u ?is po9t1 _m philologi/s are op5 to criticism2 & none m s1 ?an ! rec5t au?or above cit$4 ,by 8 own pla9 %[+1 ?is gramm>ian has no conception ( ! diff]5ce ( mean+1 ^u :i* ! =ego+ di/9ction is f\nd$4 ,:at m>vel1 !n1 t he falls into errors1 bo? ( doctr9e & ( practice8 ,b1 if no su* diff]5ce exi/s1 or none t is wor?y ( a critic's notice2 !n ! error is m9e1 & x is va9 to di/+ui% betwe5 ! re/rictive & ! resumptive s5se ( relative pron\ns4 ,= example3 ,! boy t desires to assi/ 8 companions1 des]ves respect4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,t boy1 :o desires to assi/ 8 companions1 des]ves respect4--,d4 ,h4 ,sanborn4 ,accord+ to my notion1 ^! two s5t5ces cle>ly convey two v diff]5t mean+s2 ! relative1 9 ! =m]1 be+ re/rictive1 b1 9 ! latt]1 resumptive ( ! s5se ( ! antec$5t4 ,b ( ! latt] example ?is au?or says1 ,! clause1 ':o desires to assi/ 8 companions1' ) ! relative :o at its head1 expla9s or tells :at boy des]ves respect2 &1 l a conjunction1 connects ?is clause to ! n\n boy4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,he !re=e takes x 9 a re/rictive s5se1 z if ?is s5t5ce 7 exactly equival5t to ! =m]4 ,b he adds1 ,a relative pron\n is resolvable into a p]sonal pron\n & a conjunction4 ,! s5t5ce w\ld !n read1 ',t boy desires to assi/ 8 companions1 & he des]ves respect4' ,! relative pron\n gov]ns ! ne>] v]b1 & ! antec$5t ! m di/ant "o4--,ib41 p4 #fi4 ,n[1 conc]n+ ! re/rictive relative1 ?is doctr9e ( equival5ce does n hold good2 &1 besides1 ! explanation "h giv51 n only contradicts 8 =m] decl>ation ( ! s5se he int5d$1 b1 ) o!r seem+ contradiction1 jo9s ! antec$5t to ! ne>] v]b1 & ! sub/itut$ pron\n to ! m di/ant4 ,,obs4 #bh4--;,aga91 ! foll[+ pr9ciples ( ?is au?or's punctuation are no less indicative ( 8 false views ( ?is matt]3 ,,rule xiv4--,relative pron\ns 9 ! nom9ative or ! objective case1 are prec$$ by commas1 :5 ! clause :i* ! relative connects 1 ends a s5t5ce2 z1 ',sweetness ( temp] is a quality1 :i* reflects a lu/re on e accompli%m5t'--,b4 ,gre5leaf4' ,self - d5ial is ! sacrifice 1 :i* virtue mu/ make4' --,l4 ,murray4 ,! comma is omitt$ be=e ! relative1 :5 ! v]b :i* ! antec$5t gov]ns1 foll[s ! relative clause2 z1 ',he t suff]s by impo/ure1 has too (t5 8 virtue m impair$ ?an 8 =tune4'--,johnson4 ,see ,sanborn's ,analytical ,gram41 p4 #bfi4 ,su* are "s ( our au?or's pr9ciples--! ess5ce ( mod]n improvem5ts4 ,8 practice1 ?\gh (t5 wrong1 is none ! worse = contradict+ ^! doctr9es4 ,nay1 8 pr\de/ boa/ is ungrammatical1 ?\gh p]adv5ture n ! less believ$3 ,no o!r gramm> 9 ! language probably conta9s s great a quantity ( cond5s$ & useful matt] ) s little sup]fluity4--,sanborn's ,preface1 p4 v4 ,,obs4 #bi4--,murray's rule = ! punctuation ( relatives1 7a rule :i* he *iefly copi$ f ,l[?17 recognizes virtually ! di/9ction :i* ,i h made above2 b1 9 assum+ t relatives g5]ally require a comma be=e !m1 x errone\sly sugge/s t ! resumptive s5se is m common ?an ! re/rictive4 ,*ur*ill1 on ! contr>y1 z wrongly makes x an ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( all relatives1 to limit or expla9 ! words to :i* !y ref]4 ,see 8 ,new ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,! fact is1 t relatives are s g5]ally re/rictive1 t n "o half ( !m are ?us po9t$2 ?\gh "s t d re/rict _! antec$5t1 nev]!less admit ! po9t4 ,?is may be se5 by ! fir/ example giv5 u by ,murray3 ,relative pron\ns are connective words1 & g5]ally admit a comma be=e !m3 z1 ',he prea*es sublimely1 :o lives a sob]1 righte\s1 & pi\s life4' ,b :5 two memb]s1 or phrases1 say clauses1 are closely connect$ by a relative1 re/ra9+ ! g5]al notion ( ! antec$5t to a p>ticul> s5se1 ! comma %\ld be omitt$3 z1 ',self-d5ial is ! sacrifice :i* virtue mu/ make2' ',a man :o is ( a detract+ _s1 w miscon/rue ! mo/ innoc5t words t c be put toge!r4' ,9 ! latt] example1 ! ass]tion is n ( 'a man 9 g5]al1' b ( 'a man :o is ( a detract+ _s2' & !re=e !y say ! pron\n & its antec$5t %\ld n be sep>at$4--,murray's ,gram41 ,octavo1 p4 #bgc2 ,+]soll's1 #bhe2 ,comly's1 #aeb4 ,?is reason+1 /rictly appli$1 w\ld exclude ! comma be=e :o 9 ! fir/ example above2 b1 z ! pron\n does n closely or imm$iately foll[ its antec$5t1 ! comma is all[$1 ?\gh x is n mu* ne$$4 ,n s1 :5 ! s5se is resumptive3 z1 ,! additions1 :i* are v consid]able1 are *iefly su* z are calculat$ to obviate objections4 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 ix4 ,"h ! comma is ess5tial to ! mean+4 ,)\t x1 :i* w\ld be equival5t to t2 ) x1 :i* is equival5t to & !y4 ,b ?is latt] mean+1 z ,i imag9e1 _c be express$ by ! relative t4 ,,obs4 #cj4--;,into ! un=tunate example :i* ,sanborn took f ,murray1 ,i h ins]t$ ! comma = him2 n because x is necess>y or "r1 b because 8 rule requires x3 ,self-d5ial is ! sacrifice1 c4 ,! au?or ( a complete sy/em ( gramm>1 might bett] contradict ev5 ,murray1 ?an himself4 ,b :y 0 ?is text admir$8 & :y h ,gre5e1 ,bullions1 ,hiley1 ,h>t1 & o!rs1 also copi$ x8 ,a sacrifice is some?+ devot$ & lo/1 = ! sake ( a great] good2 &1 if ,virtue sacrifice self-d5ial1 :at w %e d1 b run into indulg5ce8 ,! great sacrifice :i* %e dem&s ( m51 is r t ( _! self-love4 ,wm4 ,e4 ,russell has x1 ,self def5ce is ! sacrifice :i* virtue mu/ make6--,russell's ,abridgem5t ( ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,bi%op ,butl] tells u1 ,x is inde$ ridicul\s to ass]t1 t self-d5ial is ess5tial to virtue & piety2 b x w\ld h be5 ne>] ! tru?1 ?\gh n /rictly ! tru? itself1 to h said1 t x is ess5tial to discipl9e & improvem5t4--,analogy ( ,religion1 p4 #abc4 ,,obs4 #ca4--,! relative t1 ?\gh usually reckon$ equival5t to :o or :i*1 evid5tly diff]s f bo?1 9 be+ m g5]ally1 & p]haps m appropriately1 tak5 9 ! re/rictive s5se4 ,x ought !re=e1 = di/9ction's sake1 to be pref]r$ to :o or :i*1 :5ev] an antec$5t n o!rwise limit$1 is to be re/rict$ by ! relative clause2 z1 ,m5 t grasp aft] ri*es1 are nev] satisfi$4--,i love wisdom t is gay & civiliz$4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #cd4 ,?is phraseology leaves n ! limitation ( ! mean+ to dep5d solely ^u ! abs5ce ( a pause aft] ! antec$5t2 because ! relative t is seldom1 if ev]1 us$ by good writ]s 9 any o!r ?an a re/rictive s5se4 ,aga93 ,a man ( a polite imag9ation is let into a great _m pleasures t ! vulg> are n capable ( receiv+4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #daa4 ,"h1 too1 accord+ to my notion1 t is obvi\sly pref]able to :i*2 ?\gh a great critic1 v widely kn[n1 has tak5 "s pa9s to e/abli% a diff]5t op9ion4 ,! _m pleasures "h spok5 (1 are no o!rwise def9$1 ?an z be+ su* z ! vulg> are n capable ( receiv+4 ,! writ] did n mean to d5y t ! vulg> are capable ( receiv+ a great _m pleasures2 b1 c]ta9ly1 if t 7 *ang$ to :i*1 ?is w\ld be ! mean+ convey$1 unless ! read] 7 v c>eful to avoid a pause :]e he w\ld be apt to make "o4 ,i !re=e pref] ,addison's expression to t :i* ,dr4 ,blair w\ld sub/itute4 ,,obs4 #cb4--,! /yle ( ,addison is m ?an once c5sur$ by ,dr4 ,blair1 = ! frequ5cy ) :i* ! relative t occurs 9 x1 :]e ! le>n$ lectur] w\ld h us$ :i*4 ,! reasons assign$ by ! critic are ^!3 ,:i* is a mu* m def9itive ^w ?an t1 be+ nev] employ$ 9 any o!r way ?an z a relative2 :]eas t is a ^w ( _m s5ses2 sometimes a demon/rative pron\n1 (t5 a conjunction4 ,9 "s cases we are inde$ oblig$ to use t = a relative1 9 ord] to avoid ! ungraceful repetition ( :i* 9 ! same s5t5ce4 ,b :5 we are laid "u no necessity ( ?is k9d1 :i* is always ! pref]able ^w1 & c]ta9ly 0 s 9 ?is s5t5ce3 ',pleasures :i* ! vulg> are n capable ( receiv+1' is mu* bett] ?an 'pleasures t ! vulg> are n capable ( receiv+4'--,blair's ,rhetoric1 ,lect4 xx1 p4 #bjj4 ,n[ ! facts are ^!3 7#a47 ,t t is ! m def9itive or re/rictive ^w ( ! two4 7#b47 ,t ! ^w :i* has z _m diff]5t s5ses & uses z ! ^w t4 7#c47 ,t n ! repetition ( :i* or :o 9 a s]ies ( clauses1 b a ne$less *ange ( ! relative1 is ungraceful4 7#d47 ,t ! necessity ( us+ t r ?an :i* or :o1 dep5ds1 n ^u :at is "h suppos$1 b ^u ! diff]5t s5ses :i* ^! words usually convey4 7#e47 ,t z !re is always "s reason ( *oice1 t is sometimes to be pref]r$2 :i*1 sometimes2 & :o1 sometimes3 z1 ,x is n ! man :o has m]ely taught1 or :o has taught long1 or :o is able to po9t out defects 9 au?ors1 t is capable ( enlight5+ ! _w 9 ! respective sci5ces :i* h engag$ 8 att5tion2 b ! man :o has taught well4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #g4 ,,obs4 #cc4--;,blair's ,rhetoric consi/s ( =ty-sev5 lectures2 f\r ( :i* are devot$ to a critical exam9ation ( ! /yle ( ,addison1 z exhibit$ 9 f\r successive pap]s ( ! ,spectator4 ,! rem>ks ( ! pr(essor are 9 g5]al judici\s2 b1 see+ 8 "w is made a common textbook = /ud5ts ( ,belles ,lettres1 x is a pity to f9d x s liable to repreh5sion on ! score ( inaccuracy4 ,among ! passages :i* are criticis$ 9 ! tw5ty-fir/ lecture1 !re is "o 9 :i* ! essayi/ speaks ( ! effects ( novelty z foll[s3 ',x is ?is :i* be/[s *>ms on a mon/]1 & makes ev5 ! imp]fections ( nature please u4 ,x is ?is t recomm5ds v>iety1 :]e ! m9d is e in/ant call$ (f to some?+ new1 & ! att5tion n suff]$ to dwell too long & wa/e itself on any p>ticul> object4 ,x is ?is1 likewise1 t improves :at is great or beautiful1 & makes x af=d ! m9d a d\ble ent]ta9m5t4'--,spectator1 ,no4 #dab4 ,?is passage is des]v$ly prais$ by ! critic1 = its p]spicuity1 grace1 & h>mony2 b1 9 us+ diff]5t relatives "u l circum/ances1 ! writ] has h>dly done ju/ice to 8 own good ta/e4 ,blair's rem>k is ?is3 ,8 frequ5t use ( t1 in/ead ( :i*1 is ano!r peculi>ity ( 8 /yle2 b1 on ?is occasion 9 p>ticul>1 x _c be mu* comm5d$1 z1 ',x is ?is :i*1' seems1 9 e view1 to be bett] ?an1 ',x is ?is t1' ?ree times repeat$4--,lect4 xxi1 p4 #bjg4 ,:at is "h meant by e view1 may1 ,i suppose1 be se5 9 ! correspond+ criticism :i* is notic$ 9 my la/ obs]vation above2 & ,i am greatly deceiv$1 if1 9 ?is in/ance also1 ! relative t is n bett] ?an :i*1 & m agreeable to polite usage4 ,! direct relative :i* corresponds to ! introductory pron\n x & an o!r antec$5t1 %\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be t1 & n :o or :i*3 z1 ,x is n ye t speak4--,matt41 x1 #bj4 ,x is ?\1 ,"l1 :o ha/ ! he>ts ( all m5 9 ?y h&s1 t turne/ ! he>ts ( any to %[ me fav\r4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #bgh4 ,"h :o has ref]5ce to ?\ or ,"l only2 b t has "s respect to ! pron\n x1 ?\gh x agrees 9 p]son & g5d] ) ?\4 ,a simil> example is cit$ at ! close ( ! prec$+ obs]vation2 & ,i submit x to ! read]1 :e!r ! ^w t1 z x !re occurs1 is n ! only fit ^w = ! place x occupies4 ,s 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ,!re are ,words1 :i* are n ,v]bs1 t signify actions & passions1 & ev5 ?+s transi5t4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,x is ! univ]sal ta/e ( mank9d1 :i* is subject to no su* *ang+ modes1 t alone is entitl$ to possess any au?ority4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 p4 #bhf4 ,,obs4 #cd4--,sometimes ! broad import ( an antec$5t is d\bly re/rict$1 fir/ by "o relative clause1 & !n by an o!r2 z1 ,& all t dwell ^u ! e>?1 %all wor%ip him1 ^: names are n writt5 9 ! book ( life4--,rev41 xiii1 #h4 ,& !n1 l true ,?ames-,wat]m51 !y abuse e man t passes by1 :o is bett] dress$ ?an !mselves4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aj4 ,"h &1 or if he1 w\ld be z good z :o2 = ! connective only s]ves to c>ry ! re/riction into n>r[] limits4 ,sometimes ! limit fix$ by "o clause is ext5d$ by an o!r2 z1 ,!re is no evil t y may suff]1 or t y may expect to suff]1 :i* pray] is n ! appo9t$ means to alleviate4--,bick]/e?1 on ,pray]1 p4 #af4 ,"h :i* resumes ! idea ( evil1 9 ! ext5t la/ det]m9$2 or r1 9 t :i* is fix$ by ei!r clause1 s9ce ! limits ( bo? are embrac$ 9 ! ass]tion4 ,&1 9 ! two limit+ clauses1 ! same pron\n 0 requisite1 on acc\nt ( _! jo9t relation2 b ! clause :i* assumes a diff]5t relation1 is rightly introduc$ by a diff]5t pron\n4 ,?is is also ! case 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ,= !re is no condemnation to ^? t are 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus1 :o walk n aft] ! fle%1 b aft] ! ,_s4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dcb4 ,i w tell !e ! my/]y ( ! woman1 & ( ! bea/ t c>rie? h]1 :i* ha? ! sev5 heads & t5 horns4--,rev41 xvii1 #g4 ,"h ! re/rictive s5se is well express$ by "o relative1 & ! resumptive by an o!r4 ,:5 nei!r ( ^! s5ses is int5d$ by ! writ]1 any =m ( ! relative mu/ ne$s be improp]3 z1 ,! greate/ g5ius :i* runs ?r\gh ! arts & sci5ces1 takes a k9d ( t9cture f !m1 & falls unavoidably into imitation4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #afj4 ,"h1 z ,i suppose1 :i* runs %\ld be 9 runn+4 ,:at else c ! au?or h meant8 ,,obs4 #ce4--;,hav+ n[1 z ,i imag9e1 cle>ly %[n ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! re/rictive & ! resumptive s5se ( a relative pron\n1 & ! absolute necessity ( mak+ su* a *oice ( words z w express t s5se only :i* we int5d2 ,i hope ! le>n] w see1 by ^! obs]vations1 n m]ely t cle>ness requires ! occasional use ( ea* ( our five relatives1 :o1 :i*1 :at1 t1 & z2 b t ?is di/9ction 9 ! mean+1 is a v common pr9ciple by :i* to det]m9e :at is1 & :at is n1 good ,engli%4 ,?us t & z are appropriately our re/rictive relatives1 ?\gh :o & :i* are sometimes us$ re/rictively2 b1 9 a resumptive s5se1 :o or :i* is requir$1 & requir$ ev5 aft] ^? t]ms :i* usually dem& t or z3 ?us1 ,we are vex$ at ! unlucky *ance1 & g away dissatisfi$4 ,su* impressions1 :i* ought n to be *]i%$1 are a suffici5t reason = exclud+ /ories ( t k9d f ! !atre4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bgi4 ,"h :i* is prop] to ! s5se int5d$2 b su* requires z1 :5 ! latt] t]m limits ! mean+ ( ! =m]4 ,9 s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 :o or :i* may be us$ 9 lieu ( t2 :e!r ) any advantage or n1 ! read] may judge3 ,y seize ! critical mom5t t is favorable to emotion4--,bair's ,rhet41 p4 #cba4 ,an hi/orian t w\ld in/ruct u1 mu/ "k :5 to be concise4--,ib41 p4 #cei4 ,s5eca has be5 c5sur$ = ! affectation t appe>s 9 8 /yle4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,su* z ! prodigies t att5d$ ! dea? ( ,julius ,cs>4--,ib41 p4 #dja4 ,by unfold+ ^? pr9ciples t ought to gov]n ! ta/e ( e individual4--,kames's ,d$ication to ,el4 ( ,crit4 ,b ,i am sure he has t t is bett] ?an an e/ate4--,spect41 ,no4 #dge4 ,!re are two prop]ties1 t *>act]ize & ess5tially di/+ui% relative pron\ns4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,by ^! examples1 x may be se51 t ,dr4 ,blair (t5 =got or disreg>d$ 8 own doctr9e respect+ ! use ( ?is relative2 ?\gh he 0 (t5] l$1 by ! error ( t doctr9e1 to sub/itute :i* = t improp]ly4 ,,obs4 #cf4--,:e!r 0 =m]ly us$ z an int]rogative pron\n1 9 :i* s5se x always ref]r$ to "o ( two ?+s2 z1 ,ye fools & bl9d6 = :e!r is great]1 ! gold1 or ! temple t sanctifie? ! gold8--,matt41 xxiii1 #ag4 ,?is usage is n[ obsolete2 &1 9 /ead ( x1 we say1 ,:i* is great]8 ,b z a disjunctive conjunction1 correspond+ to or1 ! ^w :e!r is /ill 9 good repute2 z1 ,resolve :e!r y w g or n4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,9 ?is s5se ( ! t]m1 "s *oose to call :e!r an adv]b4 ,,obs4 #cg4--;,9 ! view ( "s writ]s1 int]rogative pron\ns diff] f relatives *iefly 9 ?is2 t1 z ! subject ref]r$ to is unkn[n to ! speak]1 !y d n relate to a prec$+ n\n1 b to some?+ :i* is to be express$ 9 ! answ] to ! "q4 ,x is c]ta9 t _! p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 are n regulat$ by an antec$5t n\n2 b by :at ! speak] supposes or kn[s ( a subject :i* may1 or may n1 agree ) !m 9 ^! respects3 z1 ,:at lies !re8 ,answ]1 ,two m5 asleep4 ,"h :at1 /&+ = :at ?+1 is ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & neut] g5d]2 b m51 :i* is ! t]m t answ]s to x1 is ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural1 mascul9e4 ,!re is !re=e no necess>y agreem5t betwe5 ! "q & ! answ]1 9 any ( ^? prop]ties 9 :i* a pron\n usually agrees ) its n\n4 ,yet "s gramm>ians w h int]rogatives to agree ) ^! subsequ5ts1 z relatives agree ) _! antec$5ts4 ,! answ]1 x mu/ be grant$1 commonly conta9s a n\n1 correspond+ 9 "s respects to ! int]rogative pron\n1 & agree+ ) x 9 case2 b ?is n\n _c be suppos$ to control ! int]rogation1 nor is x1 9 any s5se1 ! ^w = :i* ! pron\n /&s4 ,= e pron\n mu/ ne$s /& = some?+ t is utt]$ or conceiv$ by ! same speak]2 nor c any "q be answ]$1 until its mean+ is und]/ood4 ,int]rogative pron\ns mu/ !re=e be expla9$ z direct sub/itutes = su* o!r t]ms z "o might use 9 /ead ( !m4 ,?us :o means :at p]son8 ,:o taught t heav'n-direct$ spire to rise8 ,! ,man ( ,ross1 ea* lisp+ babe replies4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #ch4--;,9 ! classification ( ! pron\ns1 & inde$ 9 ! :ole treatm5t ( !m1 almo/ all our ,engli% gramm>s are mis]ably faulty1 z well z greatly at v>iance4 ,9 "s =ty or fifty1 :i* ,i h exam9$ on ?is po9t1 ! few words :i* con/itute ?is "p ( spee*1 h m ?an tw5ty diff]5t modes ( di/ribution4 7#a47 ,c>dell says1 ,!re is b "o k9d ( pron\ns--,elem5ts ( ,gram41 p4 #cj4 7#b47 ,d4 ,adam's1 ,gre5leaf1 ,nutt+1 & ,weld1 w h two k9ds2 p]sonal & relative4 7#c47 ,dr4 ,web/]'s ,sub/itutes1 or pron\ns1 are ( two k9ds3 ! "o1 call$ p]sonal2 ! o!r1 )\t "n or numb]4 ,see 8 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #bd4 7#d47 ,_m h fix$ ^u ?ree sorts2 p]sonal1 relative1 & adjective2 ) a subdivision ( ! la/4 ,( ^! is ,l9dley ,murray1 9 8 late editions1 ) 8 am5d]s1 ,a9swor?1 ,alg]1 ,bacon1 ,bullions1 ,fisk1 ,a4 ,fl9t1 ,fro/1 ,guy1 ,hall1 ,kirkham1 ,l5nie1 ,m]*ant1 ,picket1 ,pond1 & ,s4 ,putnam4 7#e47 ,kirkham1 h[ev]1 *anges ! ord] ( ! classes2 ?us1 p]sonal1 adjective1 & relative2 &1 ) ridicul\s absurdity1 makes m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 & !irs to be comp\nds4 7#f47 ,*ur*ill adopts ! plan ( p]sonal1 relative1 & adjective pron\ns2 & !n de/roys x by a valid argum5t4 7#g47 ,comly1 ,wilcox1 ,wells1 & ,p]ley1 h ^! ?ree classes2 p]sonal1 relative1 & int]rogative3 & ?is division is "r4 7#h47 ,sanborn makes ! foll[+ bull3 ,! g5]al divisions ( pron\ns are into p]sonal1 relative1 int]rogative1 & sev]al sub-divisions4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #ia4 7#i47 ,jaudon has ^! ?ree k9ds2 p]sonal1 relative1 & di/ributive4 7#aj47 ,robb9s1 ^!2 simple1 conjunctive1 & int]rogative4 7#aa47 ,l9dley ,murray1 9 8 e>ly editions1 _h ^! f\r2 p]sonal1 possessive1 relative1 & adjective4 7#ab47 ,bucke has ^!2 p]sonal1 relative1 int]rogative1 & adjective4 7#ac47 ,+]soll1 ^!2 p]sonal1 adjective1 relative1 & int]rogative4 7#ad47 ,bu*anan2 p]sonal1 demon/rative1 relative1 & int]rogative4 7#ae47 ,co>2 p]sonal1 possessive or pronom9al adjectives1 demon/rative1 & relative4 7#af47 ,bicknell2 p]sonal1 possessive1 relative1 & demon/rative4 7#ag47 ,cobbett2 p]sonal1 relative1 demon/rative1 & indef9ite4 7#ah7 ,m',cullo*2 p]sonal1 possessive1 relative1 & reciprocal4 7#ai47 ,/ani=d has five2 p]sonal1 relative1 int]rogative1 def9itive1 & di/ributive4 7#bj47 ,alex&]1 six2 p]sonal1 relative1 demon/rative1 int]rogative1 def9itive1 & adjective4 7#ba47 ,coop]1 9 #ahbh1 _h five2 p]sonal1 relative1 possessive1 def9ite1 & indef9ite4 7#bb47 ,coop]1 9 #ahca1 six2 p]sonal1 relative1 def9ite1 indef9ite1 possessive1 & possessive pronom9al adjectives4 7#bc47 ,dr4 ,crombie says3 ,pron\ns may be divid$ into ,sub/antive1 & ,adjective2 ,p]sonal1 & ,imp]sonal2 ,relative1 & ,int]rogative4 7#bd47 ,ald5 has sev5 sorts2 p]sonal1 possessive1 relative1 int]rogative1 di/ributive1 demon/rative1 & indef9ite4 7#be47 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi? has _m k9ds1 & treats !m s badly t nobody c c\nt !m4 ,9 respect to def9itions1 too1 mo/ ( ^! writ]s are %amefully inaccurate1 or defici5t4 ,h5ce ! fill+ up ( _! classes is (t5 z bad z ! arrangem5t4 ,= in/ance1 f\r & tw5ty ( !m w h int]rogative pron\ns to be relatives2 b :o t kn[s :at a relative pron\n is1 c co9cide ) !m 9 op9ion8 ,dr4 ,crombie ?9ks1 t int]rogatives are /rictly relatives2 & yet divides ! two classes ) 8 own h&6 ,,modifications4 ,pron\ns h ! same modifications z n\ns2 namely1 ,p]sons1 ,numb]s1 ,g5d]s1 & ,cases4 ,def9itions univ]sally applicable h already be5 giv5 ( all ^! ?+s2 x is !re=e unnecess>y to def9e !m aga9 9 ?is place4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 ! p]sonal pron\ns1 mo/ ( ^! prop]ties are di/+ui%$ by ! words !mselves2 9 ! relative & ! int]rogative pron\ns1 !y are asc]ta9$ *iefly by means ( ! antec$5t & ! v]b4 ,int]rogative pron\ns1 h[ev]1 z well z ! relatives :i*1 :at1 z1 & all ! comp\nds ( :o1 :i*1 & :at1 are always ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,ev5 9 etymological p>s+1 "s reg>d mu/ be _h to ! syntactical relations ( words4 ,by modifications1 we commonly mean actual *anges 9 ! =ms ( words1 by :i* _! grammatical prop]ties are inh]5tly di/+ui%$2 b1 9 all languages1 ! di/+ui%able prop]ties ( words are some:at m num]\s ?an _! actual v>iations ( =m2 !re be+ c]ta9 pr9ciples ( univ]sal gramm>1 :i* cause ! p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 or case1 ( "s words1 to be inf]r$ f _! relation to o!rs2 or1 :at is ne>ly ! same ?+1 f ! s5se :i* is convey$ by ! s5t5ce4 ,h5ce1 if 9 a p>ticul> in/ance x happ51 t "s1 or ev5 all1 ( ^! prop]ties1 are )\t any index 9 ! =m ( ! pron\n itself1 !y are /ill to be ascrib$ 9 p>s+1 because !y may be easily & c]ta9ly discov]$ f ! con/ruction4 ,= example3 9 ! foll[+ text1 x is j z easy to disc]n ! g5d]s ( ! pron\ns1 z ! cases ( ! n\ns2 & bo? are kn[n & ass]t$ to be :at !y are1 ^u pr9ciples ( m]e inf]5ce3 ,= :at kn[e/ ?\1 ,o wife1 :e!r ?\ %alt save ?y husb&8 or h[ kn[e/ ?\1 ,o man1 :e!r ?\ %alt save ?y wife8--#a ,cor41 vii1 #af4 ,aga93 ,:o betray$ h] companion8 ,n ,i4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #baa4 ,"h h] be+ ( ! fem99e g5d]1 x is ! inf]5ce ( e read]1 t :o & ,i are s too2 b :e!r ! ^w companion is mascul9e or fem99e1 is n s obvi\s4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! p]sonal pron\ns ( ! fir/ & second p]sons1 are equally applicable to bo? sexes2 & %\ld be consid]$ mascul9e or fem99e1 accord+ to ! kn[n application ( !m4 ,see ,levizac's ,fr5* ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,! speak] & ! he>]1 be+ pres5t to ea* o!r1 ( c\rse "k ! sex to :i* !y respectively belong2 &1 :5ev] !y appe> 9 n>rative or dialogue1 we are told :o !y are4 ,9 ,lat91 an adjective or a p>ticiple relat+ to ^! pron\ns1 is v>i$ to agree ) !m 9 numb]1 g5d]1 & case4 ,?is is a suffici5t pro( t ego1 ,i1 & tu1 ?\1 are n de/itute ( g5d]1 ?\gh nei!r ! ,lat9 words nor ! ,engli% are !mselves v>i$ to express x3-- ,mis] hoc tam5 unum ,exequ]e1 ,anna1 mihi3 solam nam p]fidus ille ,te col]e1 arcanos etiam tibi cr$]e s5sus2 ,sola viri molles aditus et tempora nras4--,virgil4 ,,obs4 #c4--,_m ,engli% gramm>ians1 & ,murray at _! head1 d5y ! fir/ p]son ( n\ns1 & ! g5d] ( pron\ns ( ! fir/ & second p]sons2 & at ! same "t tea*1 t1 ,pron\ns mu/ always agree ) _! antec$5ts1 & ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son3 7,murray's ,gr41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #aaa2 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 p4 #fj37 & fur!r1 ) r$undance ( expression1 t1 ,! relative is ( ! same p]son ) ! antec$5t1 & ! v]b agrees ) x accord+ly4--,same4 ,^! quotations =m ,murray's fif? rule ( syntax1 z x /&s 9 8 e>ly editions4#aif ,9 "s ( 8 revis+s1 ! au?or eras$ ! ^w p]son f ! =m] s5t5ce1 & *ang$ ) to z 9 ! latt]4 ,b o!r pron\ns ?an relatives1 agree ) _! n\ns 9 p]son2 s t 8 fir/ alt]ation 0 n = ! bett]1 ?\gh ,+]soll1 ,kirkham1 ,alg]1 ,bacon1 ,j4 ,gre5leaf1 & "s o!rs1 h be5 v c>eful to foll[ him 9 x4 ,& :y did he nev] disc]n1 t ! above-nam$ pr9ciples ( 8 etymology are bo? ( !m contradict$ by ?is rule ( 8 syntax1 & "o ( !m by 8 rule z x n[ /&s8 ,x is manife/1 t no two words c possibly agree 9 any prop]ty :i* belongs n to bo?4 ,else :at is agreem5t8 ,nay1 no two ?+s 9 nature1 c 9 any wise agree1 accord1 or be alike1 b by hav+ "s quality or accid5t 9 common4 ,h[ /range a contradiction !n is ?is6 ,& :at a complim5t to le>n+1 t x is /ill f\nd 9 well-nigh all our gramm>s6 ,,obs4 #d4--;,if !re 7 tru? 9 :at ,murray & o!rs affirm1 t ,g5d] has respect only to ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! pron\ns1 he1 %e1 x1 #aig no two words c\ld ev] agree 9 g5d]2 because !re c be no su* agreem5t betwe5 any two ( ! words "h m5tion$1 & ! ass]tion is1 t g5d] has respect to no o!rs4 ,b1 admitt+ t nei!r ! au?or nor ! num]\s copi]s ( ?is false s5t5ce ev] meant to d5y t g5d] has respect to n\ns1 !y d d5y t x has respect to any o!r pron\ns ?an ^!2 :]eas ,i affirm t x ought to be recogniz$ z a prop]ty ( all pron\ns1 z well z ( all n\ns4 ,n t ! g5d] ( ei!r is 9 all in/ances inv>iably fix$ by ! =ms ( ! p>ticul> words2 b !re is 9 g5]al1 if n 9 e possible case1 "s pr9ciple ( gramm>1 on :i* ! g5d] ( any n\n or pron\n 9 a s5t5ce may be readily asc]ta9$4 ,is x n pla91 t if we "k :o speaks or writes1 :o he>s or is address$1 we "k also ! g5d] ( ! pron\ns :i* are appli$ to ^! p]sons8 ,! poet ( ,! ,task look$ ^u 8 "m's picture1 & express$ 8 t5d] recollections ( a deceas$ p>5t by way ( address2 & w any "o pret5d1 t ! pron\ns :i* he appli$ to himself & to h]1 are ei!r ( ! same g5d]1 or ( no g5d]8 ,if we take nei!r ( ^! assumptions1 mu/ we n say1 !y are ( diff]5t g5d]s8 ,9 ?is in/ance1 !n1 let ! p>s] call ^? ( ! fir/ p]son1 mascul9e2 & ^? ( ! second1 fem99e3-- ,my "m6 :5 ,i le>n$ t ?\ wa/ dead1 ,say1 wa/ ?\ consci\s ( ! te>s ,i %$8--,c[p]4 ,,obs4 #e4--,t ! pron\ns ( ! fir/ & second p]sons are sometimes mascul9e & sometimes fem99e1 is p]fectly c]ta92 b :e!r !y c or _c be neut]1 is a "q difficult to be decid$4 ,to ?+s inanimate !y are appli$ only figuratively2 & ! "q is1 :e!r ! figure always necess>ily *anges ! g5d] ( ! antec$5t n\n4 ,we assume ! g5]al pr9ciple1 t ! n\n & its pron\n are always ( ! same g5d]2 & we "k t :5 inanimate objects are p]sonifi$ 9 ! ?ird p]son1 !y are usually repres5t$ z mascul9e or fem99e1 ! g5d] be+ *ang$ by ! figure4 ,b :5 a lifeless object is spok5 to 9 ! second p]son1 or repres5t$ z speak+ 9 ! fir/1 z ! pron\ns "h employ$ are 9 !mselves )\t di/9ction ( g5d]1 no su* *ange c be prov$ by ! m]e words2 &1 if we all[ t x w\ld be ne$less to imag9e x :]e ! words d n prove x1 ! g5d] ( ^! pron\ns mu/ 9 su* cases be neut]1 because we h no gr\nd to ?9k x o!rwise4 ,examples3 ,& ,jesus answ]$ & said unto x1 ! b>r5 figtree1 ,no man eat fruit ( !e h]eaft] =ev]4--,m>k1 xi1 #ad4 ,o e>?1 cov] n ?\ my blood4--,job1 xvi1 #ah4 ,o ?\ sword ( ! ,"l1 h[ long w x be ere ?\ be quiet8--,j]emiah1 xlvii1 #f4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 ! objects address$ d n appe> to be figuratively inve/$ ) ! attribute ( sex4 ,s likewise ) respect to ! fir/ p]son4 ,if1 9 ! foll[+ example1 gold & diamond are neut]1 s is ! pron\n me2 &1 if n neut]1 ( :at g5d] are !y8 ,! p]sonification indicates or discrim9ates no o!r4 ,:]e ?y true treasure8 ,gold says1 ',n 9 me2 ,&1 ',n 9 me1' ! diamond4 ,gold is poor4--,"y4 ,,! ,,decl5sion ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,! decl5sion ( a pron\n is a regul> arrangem5t ( its numb]s & cases4 ,i4 ,,simple ,,p]sonals4 ,! simple p]sonal pron\ns are ?us decl9$3-- ,i1 ( ! ,,fir/ ,,p]son1 any ( ! g5d]s4#aih ,s+4 ,nom4 ,i1 ,plur4 ,nom4 we1 ,poss4 my1 or m9e1#aii ,poss4 our1 or ours1 ,obj4 me2 ,obj4 u4 ,,?\1 ( ! ,,second ,,p]son1 any ( ! g5d]s4 ,s+4 ,nom4 ?\1#bjj ,plur4 ,nom4 ye1 or y1 ,poss4 ?y1 or ?9e1 ,poss4 y\r1 or y\rs1 ,obj4 !e2 ,obj4 y1 or ye4#bja ,,he1 ( ! ,,?ird ,,p]son1 mascul9e g5d]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 he1 ,plur4 ,nom4 !y1 ,poss4 81 ,poss4 _!1 or !irs1 ,obj4 him2 ,obj4 !m4 ,,%e1 ( ! ,,?ird ,,p]son1 fem99e g5d]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 %e1 ,plur4 ,nom4 !y1 ,poss4 h]1 or h]s1 ,poss4 _!1 or !irs1 ,obj4 h]2 ,obj4 !m4 ,,x1 ( ! ,,?ird ,,p]son1 neut] g5d]4 ,s+4 ,nom1 x1 ,plur4 ,nom4 !y1 ,poss4 its1 ,poss4 _!1 or !irs1 ,obj4 x2 ,obj4 !m4 ,,ii4 ,,comp\nd ,,p]sonals4 ,! ^w self1 add$ to ! simple p]sonal pron\ns1 =ms ! class ( comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns2 :i* are us$ :5 an action rev]ts ^u ! ag5t1 & also :5 "s p]sons are to be di/+ui%$ f o!rs3 z1 s+1 myself1 plur4 ourselves2 s+1 ?yself1 plur4 y\rselves2 s+1 himself1 plur4 !mselves2 s+1 h]self1 plur4 !mselves2 s+1 itself1 plur4 !mselves4 ,!y all want ! possessive case1 & are alike 9 ! nom9ative & objective4 ,?us3-- ,,myself1 ( ! ,,fir/ ,,p]son1#bjb any ( ! g5d]s4 ,s+4 ,nom4 myself1 ,plur4 ,nom4 ourselves1 ,poss4 ------1 ,poss4 ---------1 ,obj4 myself2 ,obj4 ourselves4 ,,?yself1 ( ! ,,second ,,p]son1 any ( ! g5d]s4 ,s+4 ,nom4 ?yself1#bjc ,plur4 ,nom4 y\rselves1 ,poss4 -------1 ,poss4 ----------1 ,obj4 ?yself2 ,obj4 y\rselves4 ,,himself1 ( ! ,,?ird ,,p]son1 mascul9e g5d]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 himself1 ,plur4 ,nom4 !mselves1 ,poss4 -------1 ,poss4 ----------1 ,obj4 himself2 ,obj4 !mselves4 ,,h]self1 ( ! ,,?ird ,,p]son1 fem99e g5d]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 h]self1 ,plur4 ,nom4 !mselves1 ,poss4 -------1 ,poss4 ----------1 ,obj4 h]self2 ,obj4 !mselves4 ,,itself1 ( ! ,,?ird ,,p]son1 neut] g5d]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 itself1 ,plur4 ,nom4 !mselves1 ,poss4 ------1 ,poss4 ----------1 ,obj4 itself2 ,obj4 !mselves4 ,,iii4 ,,relatives ,,& ,,int]rogatives4 ,! relative & ! int]rogative pron\ns are ?us decl9$3-- ,,:o1 lit]ally appli$ to p]sons only4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :o1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :o1 ,poss4 ^:1 ,poss4 ^:1 ,obj4 :om2 ,obj4 :om4 ,,:i*1 appli$ to animals & ?+s4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :i*1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :i*1 ,poss4 #bjd--1 ,poss4 -----1 ,obj4 :i*2 ,obj4 :i*4 ,,:at1 appli$ ord9>ily to ?+s only4#bje ,s+4 ,nom4 :at1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :at1 ,poss4 ----1 ,poss4 ----1 ,obj4 :at2 ,obj4 :at4 ,,t1 appli$ to p]sons1 animals1 & ?+s4 ,s+4 ,nom4 t1 ,plur4 ,nom4 t1 ,poss4 ----1 ,poss4 ----1 ,obj4 t2 ,obj4 t4 ,,z1 appli$ to p]sons1 animals1 & ?+s4 ,s+4 ,nom4 z1 ,plur4 ,nom4 z1 ,poss4 ----1 ,poss4 ----1 ,obj4 z2 ,obj4 z4 ,,iv4 ,,comp\nd ,,relatives4 ,! comp\nd relative pron\ns1 :oev] or :osoev]1 :i*ev] or :i*soev]1 & :atev] or :atsoev]#bjf are decl9$ 9 ! same mann] z ! simples1 :o :i*1 :at4 ,?us3-- ,,:oev] or ,,:osoev]1 appli$ only to p]sons4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :oev]1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :oev]1 ,poss4 :osev]1 ,poss4 :osev]1 ,obj4 :omev]2 ,obj4 :omev]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :osoev]1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :osoev]1 ,poss4 :osesoev]1 ,poss4 :osesoev]1 ,obj4 :omsoev]2 ,obj4 :omsoev]4 ,,:i*ev] or ,,:i*soev]1 appli$ to p]sons1 animals1 & ?+s4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :i*ev]1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :i*ev]1 ,poss4 ---------1 ,poss4 --------1 ,obj4 :i*ev]2 ,obj4 :i*ev]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :i*soev]1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :i*soev]1 ,poss4 ---------1 ,poss4 --------1 ,obj4 :i*soev]2 ,obj4 :i*soev]4 ,,:atev] or ,,:atsoev]1 appli$ ord9>ily to ?+s only4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :atev]1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :atev]1 ,poss4 --------1 ,poss4 --------1 ,obj4 :atev]2 ,obj4 :atev]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :atsoev]1 ,plur4 ,nom4 :atsoev]1 ,poss4 ---------1 ,poss4 --------1 ,obj4 :atsoev]2 ,obj4 :atsoev]4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,mo/ ( ! p]sonal pron\ns h two =ms ( ! possessive case1 9 ea* numb]3 z1 my or m9e1 our or ours2 ?y or ?9e1 y\r or y\rs2 h] or h]s1 _! or !irs4 ,! =m] is us$ be=e a n\n express$1 or :5 no?+ b an adjective int]v5es2 ! latt]1 :5 ! gov]n+ n\n is und]/ood1 or is s plac$ t a repetition ( x is impli$ 9 or aft] ! pron\n3 z1 ,my p[]s are ?9e2 be ?9e alone ,! glory ( my song4--,montgom]y4 ,/ate :at m9e & y\r pr9ciples are4--,legh ,ri*mond1 to 8 ,daught]s4 ,bett]1 p]haps3 ,/ate :at my pr9ciples & y\rs are2--,/ate :at y\r pr9ciples & m9e are2--or1 ,/ate :at are my pr9ciples & y\r own4 ,resign'd he fell2 sup]ior to ! d>t ,t qu5*'d its rage 9 y\rs & ,brita9's he>t4--,j4 ,br[n4 ,behold6 to y\rs & my surprise1 ,^! trifles to a volume rise4--,lloyd1 p4 #ahf4 ,,obs4 #b4--,possibly1 :5 ! same p]sons or ?+s /& 9 a jo9t relation ( ?is k9d to diff]5t individuals or p>ties1 x may be prop] to connect two ( ! simple possessives to express x2 ?\gh ?is con/ruction c seldom1 if ev]1 be necess>y1 because any su* expression z ?y & h] si/]1 my & 8 duty1 if n errone\s1 c mean no?+ b y\r si/]1 our duty1 c4 ,b "s examples occur1 ! propriety ( :i* x is wor? :ile to consid]3 z1 ,i am sure x w be a pleasure to y to he> t %e proves wor?y ( h] fa!r1 wor?y ( y1 & ( y\r & h] ance/ors4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ebe4 ,?is s5t5ce is f a v]sion ( ,pl9y's lett] to 8 wife's aunt2 &1 z ! ance/ors ( ! two individuals are "h ! same1 ! phraseology may be all[able4 ,b _h ! aunt comm5d$ h] niece to ,pl9y1 %e %\ld h said1 wor?y ( y & ( y\r ance/ors & h]s4 ,is x h] or 8 hon\r t is t>ni%$8 ,x is n h]s1 b 84--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,?is "q ,i take to be bad ,engli%4 ,x ought to be1 ,is x h] hon\r or 81 t is t>ni%$8 ,h] hon\r & 8 hon\r _c be "o & ! same ?+4 ,?is example 0 fram$ by ,murray to illu/rate t idle & puzzl+ di/9ction :i* he & "s o!rs make betwe5 possessive adjective pron\ns & ! g5itive case ( ! p]sonal pron\ns2 &1 if ,i und]/& him1 ! au?or w "h h h] & 8 to be ( ! =m] class1 & h]s & 8 ( ! latt]4 ,x 7 a bett] use ( "t1 to le>n h[ to employ su* words correctly4 ,unque/ionably1 !y are ( ! same class & ! same case1 & w\ld be e way equival5t1 if ! fir/ =m 7 fit to be us$ elliptically4 ,= example3 ,! same phr5zy _h h9d]$ ! ,dut* f improv+ to _! & to ! common advantage ! public mis=tunes ( ,france4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #cji4 ,"h ! possessive case _! appe>s to be gov]n$ by advantage und]/ood1 & !re=e x w\ld p]haps be bett] to say1 !irs1 or _! own4 ,b 9 ! foll[+ in/ance1 our may be prop]1 because bo? possessives appe> to be gov]n$ by "o & ! same n\n3-- ,al?\gh 'twas our & _! op9ion ,ea* o!r's *ur* 0 b a ,rimmon4--,hudibras4 ,,obs4 #c4--,m9e & ?9e 7 =m]ly pref]r$ to my & ?y1 be=e all words beg9n+ ) a v[el s\nd2 or r1 m9e & ?9e 7 ! orig9al =ms1#bjg & my & ?y 7 fir/ sub/itut$ = !m be=e consonants1 & aft]w>ds be=e v[els3 z1 ,b x 0 ?\1 a man m9e equal1 my guide1 & m9e acqua9tance4--,psalms1 lv1 #ac4 ,?y pray]s & ?9e alms are come up = a memorial be=e ,god4--,acts1 x1 #d4 ,:5 ! ,bible 0 translat$1 ei!r =m appe>s to h be5 us$ be=e ! lett] h2 z1 ,ha? n my h& made all ^! ?+s8--,acts1 vii1 #ej4 ,by /ret*+ =? ?9e h& to heal4--,acts1 iv1 #cj4 ,accord+ to pres5t practice1 my & ?y are 9 g5]al to be pref]r$ be=e all n\ns1 )\t reg>d to ! s\nds ( lett]s4 ,! use ( ! o!r =ms1 9 ! mann] "h notic$1 has n[ become obsolete2 or1 at lea/1 antiquat$1 & peculi> to ! poets4 ,we occasionally meet ) x 9 mod]n v]se1 ?\gh n v frequ5tly1 & only :]e ! melody ( ! l9e seems to require x3 z1 ,"t writes no wr9kle on ?9e azure br[4--,byron4 ,deign on ! pass+ _w to turn ?9e eyes4--,johnson4 ,m9e eyes beheld ! mess5g] div9e4--,lusiad4 ,?9e ard5t symphony sublime & high4--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! possessives m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 usually d5ote possession1 or ! relation ( prop]ty1 ) an ellipsis ( ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$2 z1 ,my sword & y\rs are k94--,%akspe>e4 ,"h y\rs means y\r sword4 ,y may imag9e :at k9d ( fai? !irs 04--,bacon4 ,"h !irs means _! fai?4 ,he ran headlong into 8 own ru9 :il/ he endeav\r$ to precipitate ours4--,bol+broke4 ,"h ours means our ru94 ,e "o t he>e? ^! say+ ( m9e4--,matt41 vii1 #bf4 ,"h m9e means my say+s4 ,s+ unto ! ,"l1 ,o ye sa9ts ( 84--,psalms1 xxx1 #d4 ,"h 8 means 8 sa9ts4 ,! n\n :i* gov]ns ! possessive1 is "h und]/ood aft] x1 be+ inf]r$ f t :i* prec$es1 z x is 9 all ! =ego+ in/ances4 ,& ! man ( ?9e1 :om ,i %all n cut (f f m9e alt>1 %all be to consume ?9e eyes1 & to grieve ?9e he>t4--#a ,samuel1 ii1 #cc4 ,"h ?9e1 9 ! fir/ phrase1 means ?y m52 b1 9 ! subsequ5t p>ts ( ! s5t5ce1 bo? m9e & ?9e mean nei!r m nor less ?an ?y & my1 because !re is no ellipsis4 ,( be=e ! possessive case1 gov]ns ! n\n :i* is und]/ood aft] ?is case2 & is always tak5 9 a p>titive s5se1 & n z ! sign ( ! possessive relation3 z1 ,:5 we say1 'a soldi] ( ! k+'s'1 we mean1 '"o ( ! k+'s soldi]s4'--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,!re is !re=e an ellipsis ( ! ^w soldi]s1 9 ! =m] phrase4 ,s1 9 ! foll[+ example1 m9e is us$ elliptically = my feet2 or r1 feet is und]/ood aft] m9e1 ?\gh m9e feet is no long] good ,engli%1 = reasons be=e /at$3-- ,ere ,i absolve !e1 /oop ,i t on ?y neck ,levell$ ) e>? t9s foot ( m9e may tread4--,wordswor?4 ,,obs4 #e4--,respect+ ! possessive case ( ! simple p]sonal pron\ns1 !re appe>s among our gramm>ians a /range div]sity ( s5tim5t4 ,yet is !re b "o view ( ! matt]1 t has 9 x ei!r tru? or reason1 consi/5cy or plausibility4 ,&1 9 ! op9ion ( any judici\s tea*]1 an errone\s classification ( words s common & s important z ^!1 may well g f> to condemn any sy/em ( gramm> 9 :i* x is f\nd4 ,a pron\n agrees 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 ) ! n\n = :i* x is a sub/itute2 &1 if x is 9 ! possessive case1 x is usually gov]n$ by an o!r n\n express$ or impli$ aft] x4 ,t is1 if x d5otes possession1 x /&s = ! "n ( ! possessor1 & is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,n[ d n my1 ?y1 81 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 & m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 its1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 all equally d5ote possession8 & d !y n sev]ally %[ by _! =ms ! p]son1 ! numb]1 & sometimes also ! g5d]1 ( :omev] or :atev] !y make to be ! possessor8 ,if !y d1 !y are all ( !m pron\ns1 & no?+ else2 all f\nd 9 ! possessive case1 & n[h]e else4 ,x is true1 t 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 & "s o!r languages1 !re are n only g5itive cases correspond+ to ^! possessives1 b also c]ta9 decl9able adjectives :i* we r5d] 9 ,engli% by ^! same words3 t is1 by my or m9e1 our or ours2 ?y or ?9e1 y\r or y\rs2 c4 ,b ?is circum/ance af=ds no valid argum5t = consid]+ any ( ^! ,engli% t]ms to be m]e adjectives2 &1 say :at we w1 x is pla9 t !y h n ! signification ( adjectives1 nor c we ascribe to !m ! con/ruction ( adjectives1 )\t mak+ _! grammatical agreem5t to be :at x v manife/ly is n4 ,!y nev] agree1 9 any respect1 ) ! n\ns :i* foll[ !m1 unless x be by m]e accid5t4 ,?is view ( ! matt] is su/a9$ by ! au?ority ( _m ( our ,engli% gramm>s2 z may be se5 by ! decl5sions giv5 by ,a%1 ,c4 ,adams1 ,a9swor?1 ,r4 ,w4 ,bailey1 ,b>n>d1 ,bu*anan1 ,bicknell1 ,blair1 ,burn1 ,butl]1 ,comly1 ,*ur*ill1 ,cobbett1 ,dalton1 ,dav5port1 ,de>born1 ,f>num1 ,a4 ,fl9t1 ,f[l]1 ,fro/1 ,gilb]t1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre51 ,gre5leaf1 ,haml91 ,hiley1 ,kirkham1 ,m]*ant1 ,murray ! s*oolma/]1 ,p>khur/1 ,picket1 ,russell1 ,sanborn1 ,s&]s1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,wilcox4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,9 opposition to ! classification & doctr9e adopt$ above1 _m ( our gramm>ians tea*1 t my1 ?y1 ?is1 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 are adjectives or adjective pron\ns2 & t m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 its1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 are p]sonal pron\ns 9 ! possessive case4 ,among ! support]s ( ?is notion1 are ,d4 ,adams1 ,ald51 ,alg]1 ,all51 ,bacon1 ,b>rett1 ,b+ham1 ,bucke1 ,bullions1 ,cutl]1 ,fisk1 ,fro/1 79 8 small ,gramm>17 ,guy1 ,hall1 ,h>t1 ,h>rison1 ,+]soll1 ,jaudon1 ,l5nie1 ,l[?1 ,mill]1 ,l4 ,murray1 ,pond1 ,t4 ,smi?1 ,spe>1 ,sp5c]1 ,/ani=d1 ,webb]1 ,woodwor?4 ,! au?ority ( all ^! names1 h[ev]1 am\nts to little m ?an t ( "o man2 = ,murray pret5d$ to foll[ ,l[?1 & ne>ly all ! re/ copi$ ,murray4 ,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,?y1 my1 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 are pronom9al adjectives2 b 81 7t is1 he's17 h]'s1 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s1 h evid5tly ! =m ( ! possessive case3 ,&1 by analogy1 m9e1 ?9e1 may be e/eem$ ( ! same rank4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bc4bjh ,b :y did he n see1 t by ! same analogy1 & also by ! s5se & mean+ ( ! words1 z well z by _! di/9ctions ( p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 all ! o!r six are entitl$ to ! same rank8 ,are n ! =ms ( my1 ?y1 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 z fit to d5ote ! relation ( prop]ty1 & to be call$ ! possessive case1 z m9e1 ?9e1 81 or any o!rs8 ,9 gramm>1 all ne$less di/9ctions are repreh5sible4 ,& :]e %all we f9d a m blamable "o ?an ?is8 ,x seems to h be5 bas$ m]ely ^u ! false notion1 t ! possessive case ( pron\ns ought to be =m$ l t ( n\ns2 :]eas cu/om has cle>ly decid$ t !y %all always be diff]5t3 ! =m] mu/ nev] be writt5 ) an apo/rophe2 & ! latt]1 nev] )\t x4 ,contr>y to all good usage1 h[ev]1 ! ,doctor "h writes h]'s1 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s1 ea* ) a ne$less apo/rophe4 ,p]haps he ?\ght x w\ld s]ve to /r5g!n 8 position2 & help to refute :at "s affirm$1 t all ^! words are adjectives4 ,,obs4 #g4--,respect+ m9e1 ?9e1 & 81 ,l[? & ,l4 ,murray disagree4 ,! latt] w h !m to be sometimes possessive pron\ns1 & sometimes possessive cases4 ,an admirable di/9ction ?is = a great au?or to make6 too slipp]y = ev5 ! inv5tor's own hold1 & utt]ly un9telligible to ^? :o d n "k its hi/ory6 ,9 %ort1 ^! au?ors disagree also conc]n+ my1 ?y1 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!2 & :]e two lead]s ( a p>ty are at odds ) ea* o!r1 & ea* is 9 ! wrong1 :at is to be expect$ f _! foll[]s8 ,p]ceiv+ t ,l[? 0 wrong 9 call+ ^! words pronom9al adjectives1 ,murray *ang$ ! t]m to possessive pron\ns1 /ill reta9+ ! class entire2 & accord+ly taught1 9 8 e>ly editions1 t1 ,!re are f\r k9ds ( pron\ns1 viz41 ! p]sonal1 ! possessive1 ! relative1 & ! adjective pron\ns4--,murray's ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #cg4 ,! ,possessive ,pron\ns are su* z pr9cipally relate to possession or prop]ty4 ,!re are sev5 ( !m2 viz4 my1 ?y1 81 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!4 ,! possessives 81 m9e1 ?9e1 may be acc\nt$ ei!r possessive pron\ns1 or ! possessive cases ( _! respective p]sonal pron\ns4--,ib41 p4 #dj4 ,he next idly demon/rates t ^! sev5 words may come be=e n\ns ( any numb] or case1 )\t v>iation2 !n1 =gett+ 8 own di/9ction1 adds1 ,:5 !y are sep>at$ f ! n\n1 all ( !m1 except 81 v>y _! t]m9ations2 z1 ?is hat is m9e1 & ! o!r is ?9e2 ^? tr9kets are h]s2 ?is h\se is ours1 & t is y\rs2 !irs is m commodi\s ?an ours--,ib41 p4 #dj4 ,?us all 8 p]sonal pron\ns ( ! possessive case1 he !n made to be inflections ( pron\ns ( a diff]5t class6 ,:at are !y n[8 ,seek ! answ] "u ! head ( t gross solecism1 ,adjective ,pron\ns4 ,y may f9d x 9 "o half ( our ,engli% gramm>s4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,any consid]able error 9 ! class+ ( words1 does n /& alone2 x naturally br+s o!rs 9 its tra94 ,murray's ,adjective ,pron\ns1 7:i* he n[ subdivides into f\r little classes1 possessive1 di/ributive1 demon/rative1 & indef9ite17 be+ all ( !m misnam$ & misplac$ 9 8 etymology1 h l$ bo? him & _m o!rs into /range errors 9 syntax4 ,! possessives only are pron\ns2 & ^! are pron\ns ( ! possessive case4 ,z su*1 !y agree ) ! antec$5t n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]2 & are gov]n$1 l all o!r possessives1 by ! n\ns :i* foll[ !m4 ,! re/ are n pron\ns1 b pronom9al adjectives2 &1 z su*1 !y relate to n\ns express$ or und]/ood aft] !m4 ,accord+ly1 !y h none ( ! above-m5tion$ qualities1 except t ! words ?is & t =m ! plurals ^! & ^?4 ,or1 if we *oose to ascribe to a pronom9al adjective all ! prop]ties ( ! n\n und]/ood1 x is m]ely = ! sake ( brevity 9 p>s+4 ,! diff]5ce1 !n1 betwe5 a pronom9al adjective & an adjective pron\n1 %\ld seem to be ?is2 t ! "o is an adjective1 & ! o!r a pron\n3 x is l ! diff]5ce betwe5 a hors]ace & a racehorse4 ,:at c be hop$ f ! gramm>ian :o _c disc]n x8 ,& :at c be made ( rules & examples l ! foll[+8 ,adjective pron\ns mu/ agree1 9 numb]1 ) _! sub/antives3 z1 ',?is book1 ^! books2 t sort1 ^? sorts2 ano!r road1 o!r roads4'--,murray's ,gram41 ,rule viii1 ,late ,editions2 ,alg]'s ,murray1 p4 #ef2 ,ald5's1 #he2 ,bacon's1 #dh2 ,maltby's1 #ei2 ,mill]'s1 #ff2 ,m]*ant's1 #ha2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #aj2 & o!rs4 ,pronom9al adjectives mu/ agree ) _! n\ns 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son2 ?us1 ',my son1 he> ! in/ructions ( ?y fa!r4' ',call ! lab\r]s1 & give !m _! hire4'--,maund]'s ,gram41 ,rule xvii4 ,"h ,murray gives a rule = pron\ns1 & illu/rates x by adjectives2 & ,maund]1 z +5i\sly blund]s 9 rev]se3 he gives a rule = adjectives1 & illu/rates x by pron\ns4 ,b :at d !y mean by _! sub/antives1 or _! n\ns8 ,z applicable to pron\ns1 ! phrase %\ld mean n\ns antec$5t2 z applicable to adjectives1 x %\ld mean n\ns subsequ5t4 ,bo? ^! rules are !re=e false1 & fit only to bewild]2 & ! examples to bo? are totally inapplicable4 ,murray's 0 once ess5tially "r1 b he aft]w>ds corrupt$ x1 & a multitude ( 8 admir]s h s9ce copi$ ! p]v]sion4 ,x =m]ly /ood ?us3 ,! pronom9al adjectives ?is & t1 c4 & ! numb]s#bji "o1 two1 c41 mu/ agree 9 numb] ) _! sub/antives3 z1 ',?is book1 ^! books2 t sort1 ^? sorts2 "o girl1 t5 girls2 ano!r road1 o!r roads4' --,murray's ,gram41 ,rule viii1 #b;d ,ed41 #agif4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,among our gramm>ians1 "s ( consid]able note h cont5d$1 t ! p]sonal pron\ns h b two cases1 ! nom9ative & ! objective4 ,( ?is class1 may be reckon$ ,brightl&1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ,fi%]1 ,m5nye1 ,c>dell1 ,coop]1 ,dr4 ,jas4 ,p4 ,wilson1 ,w4 ,b4 ,f[le4 &1 accord+ to 8 late gramm>s1 ,dr4 ,web/]4 ,b1 9 contriv+ :at to make ( my or m9e1 our or ours1 ?y or ?9e1 y\r or y\rs1 81 h] or h]s1 its1 & _! or !irs1 !y are z f> f any agreem5t1 or ev5 f self-consi/5cy1 z ! clev]e/ ( !m c\ld ev] imag9e4 ,to ! p]son1 ! numb]1 ! g5d]1 & ! case1 ( ea* ( ^! words1 !y ei!r pr(ess !mselves to be total /rang]s1 or else prove !mselves s1 by ! absurdities !y tea*4 ,brightl& calls !m ,possessive ,qualities1 or ,qualities ( ,possession2 9 :i* class he also embraces all n\ns ( ! possessive case4 ,johnson calls !m pron\ns2 & !n says ( !m1 ,! possessive pron\ns1 l o!r adjectives1 are )\t cases or *ange ( t]m9ation4--,gram41 p4 #f4 ,fi%] calls !m ,p]sonal ,possessive ,qualities2 admits ! p]son ( my1 our1 c42 b supposes m9e1 ours1 c4 to supply ! place ( ! n\ns :i* gov]n !m6 ,m5nye makes !m "o ( 8 ?ree classes ( pron\ns1 p]sonal1 possessive1 & relative2 giv+ to bo? =ms ! rank :i* ,murray once gave1 & :i* ,all5 n[ gives1 to ! fir/ =m only4 ,c>dell places !m among 8 def9+ adjectives4 ,) ,f[le1 ^!1 & all o!r possessives1 are possessive adjectives4 ,coop]1 9 8 gramm> ( #ahbh4 copies ! la/ s*eme ( ,murray3 9 t ( #ahca1 he av]s t ! p]sonal pron\ns want ! possessive case4 ,n[1 l ,web/] & ,wilson1 he w h m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 & !irs1 to be pron\ns ( ! nom9ative or ! objective case4 ,divid+ ! pron\ns into six g5]al classes1 he makes ^! ! fif?2 call+ !m ,possessive ,pron\ns1 b pref]r+ 9 a note ! mon/r\s "n1 ,possessive ,pron\ns ,sub/itute4 ,8 six? class are :at he calls1 ,! ,possessive ,pronom9al ,adjectives2 namely1 my1 ?y1 81 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 its1 own1 & sometimes m9e & ?9e4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,b all ^! he has1 unque/ionably1 ei!r misplac$ or misnam$2 :ile he tells u1 t1 ,simplicity ( arrangem5t %\ld be ! object ( e compil]4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,dr4 ,p]ley1 79 ^: s*eme ( gramm> all ! pron\ns are n\ns17 w h my1 ?y1 81 h]1 its1 our1 y\r1 & _!1 to be 9 ! possessive case2 b ( m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 & !irs1 he says1 ,^! may be call$ ,desid]ative ,p]sonal ,pron\ns4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,kirkham1 ?\gh he pr(esses to foll[ ,murray1 decl9es ! simple p]sonal pron\ns z ,i h decl9$ !m2 & argues admirably1 t my1 ?y1 81 c41 are pron\ns ( ! possessive case1 because1 ,!y always /& = n\ns 9 ! possessive case4 ,b he aft]w>ds contradicts bo? himself & ! common op9ion ( all =m] gramm>ians1 9 ref]r+ m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 c41 to ! class ( ,comp\nd ,p]sonal ,pron\ns4 ,nay1 z if to outdo ev5 himself 9 absurdity1 he fir/ makes m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 ours1 c41 to be comp\nds1 by assum+ t1 ,^! pluraliz+ adjuncts1 ne & s1 71 no d\bt1 =m]ly deta*$ f ! pron\ns ) :i* !y n[ coalesce2 & !n1 because he f9ds 9 ea* ( 8 suppos$ comp\nds ! signification ( a pron\n & its gov]n+ n\n1 reassumes1 9 p>s+ !m1 ! v pr9ciple ( error1 on :i* he condemns _! common classification4 ,he says1 ,!y %\ld be p>s$ z two words4 ,he also supposes !m to repres5t ! n\ns :i* gov]n !m--n\ns ) :i* !y d n agree 9 any respect6 ,?us is he wrong 9 almo/ e ?+ he says ab\t !m4 ,see ,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ii1 p4 #aja1 & p4 #ajd4 ,good5[1 too1 a /ill lat] writ]1 adopts ! major "p ( all ?is absurdity4 ,he w h my1 ?y1 81 h]1 its1 our1 y\r1 _!1 = ! possessive case ( 8 p]sonal pron\ns2 b m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 he calls comp\nd possessive pron\ns1 9 ! subjective or ! objective case4--,text-,book ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,?us he introduces a new class1 unkn[n to 8 prim>y division ( ! pron\ns1 & n includ$ 9 8 s*eme ( _! decl5sion4 ,full]1 too1 9 a gramm> produc$ at ,plym\?1 ,mass41 9 #ahbb1 did ne>ly ! same ?+4 ,he call$ ,i1 ?\1 he1 %e1 & x1 ) _! plurals1 antec$5t pron\ns2 took my1 ?y1 81 h]1 c41 = _! only possessive =ms 9 8 decl5sion2 &1 hav+ pass$ f !m by ! space ( j half 8 book1 add$3 ,sometimes1 to prev5t ! repetition ( ! same ^w1 an antec$5t pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is made to repres5t1 bo? ! pron\n & a n\n2 z1 ',t book is m9e'--i4 e4 'my book4' ,,m9e is a comp\nd antec$5t pron\n1 & is equival5t to my book4 ,!n p>se my1 & book1 z ?\gh !y 7 bo? express$4--,full]'s ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,amid/ all ?is div]sity ( doctr9e at ! v c5tre ( gramm>1 :o %all s fix its pr9ciples t our s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses may "k :at to believe & tea*8 ,n he t speculates )\t reg>d to o!r m5's views2 nor yet he t makes x a m]it to foll[ implicitly ! foot/eps ( "o only4 ,! true pr9ciples ( gramm> are ) ! le>n$2 & t man is 9 ! wrong1 ) :om ! mo/ le>n$ w n1 9 g5]al1 co9cide4 ,contradiction ( falsities1 is necess>y to ! ma9t5ance ( tru?2 correction ( errors1 to ! success ( sci5ce4 ,b n e man's errors c be s consid]able z to des]ve correction f o!r h&s ?an 8 own4 ,mis9/ruction 9 gramm> has = ?is reason g5]ally escap$ c5sure4 ,i d n wi% any "o to co9cide ) me m]ely ?r\gh ignorance ( :at o!rs inculcate4 ,if doctors ( div9ity & doctors ( laws w contradict !mselves 9 tea*+ gramm>1 s f> z !y d s1 ! lov]s ( consi/5cy w f9d x necess>y to deviate f _! track4 ,respect+ ^! pron\ns1 ,i le>n$ 9 *ildhood1 f ,web/]1 a doctr9e :i* he n[ decl>es to be false4 ,?is 0 ne>ly ! same z ,l[?'s1 :i* is quot$ 9 ! six? obs]vation above4 ,b1 9 /ead ( correct+ its faults1 ?is zeal\s re=m] has b run into o!rs /ill great]4 ,n[1 ) equal reproa* to 8 etymology1 8 syntax1 & 8 logic1 he d5ies t our pron\ns h any =m ( ! possessive case at all4 ,b grant ! obvi\s fact1 t sub/itution is "o ?+1 & ellipsis an o!r1 & 8 :ole argum5t is easily ov]?r[n2 = x is only by conf\nd+ ^!1 t he rea*es 8 absurd conclusion4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,dr4 ,web/]'s doctr9e n[ is1 t none ( ! ,engli% pron\ns h m ?an two cases4 ,he says1 m9e1 ?9e1 81 h]s1 y\rs1 & !irs1 are usually consid]$ z be+ ( ! possessive case4 ,b ! ?ree fir/ are ei!r attributes1 & us$ ) n\ns1 or !y are sub/itutes4 ,! ?ree la/ are always sub/itutes1 us$ 9 ! place ( names ,,:i* ,,are ,,und]/ood4--,t m9e1 ?9e1 81 ours1 y\rs1 h]s1 & !irs1 d n con/itute a possessive case1 is demon/rable2 = !y are con/antly us$ z ! nom9atives to v]bs & z ! objectives aft] v]bs & prepositions1 z 9 ! foll[+ passages4 ',:e!r x c\ld p]=m its op]ations ( ?9k+ & memory out ( a body organiz$ z ours is4'--,locke4 ',! reason is1 t 8 subject is g5]ally ?+s2 !irs1 on ! contr>y1 is p]sons4'--,camp4 ,rhet4 ',!re=e leave y\r =e/ ( bea/s = ours ( brutes1 call$ m54'--,wy*]ley to ,pope4 ,x is ne$less to multiply pro(s4 ,we obs]ve ^! pret5d$ possessives uni=mly us$ z nom9atives or objectives4#baj ,%\ld x be said t a n\n is und]/ood2 ,i reply1 ?is _c be true1 c4--,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #ce2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,n[1 :e!r x be true or n1 ?is v position is expressly affirm$ by ! ,doctor himself1 9 ! citation above2 ?\gh he is1 unque/ionably1 wrong 9 sugge/+ t ! pron\ns are us$ 9 ! place ( ^? names ,,:i* ,,are ,,und]/ood4 ,!y are us$ 9 ! place ( o!r names--! names ( ! possessors2 & are gov]n$ by ^? :i* he "h bo? admits & d5ies to be und]/ood4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,! o!r argum5ts ( ,dr4 ,web/] aga9/ ! possessive case ( pron\ns1 may p]haps be m easily answ]$ ?an "s read]s imag9e4 ,! fir/ is drawn f ! fact t conjunctions connect l cases4 ,besides1 9 ?ree passages j quot$1 ! ^w y\rs is jo9$ by a connective to a "n 9 ! same case2 ',to ensure y\rs & _! immortality4' ',! easie/ "p ( y\rs & my design4' ',my sword & y\rs are k94' ,w any p]son pret5d t ! connective "h jo9s diff]5t cases8--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #bh2 ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,i answ]1 ,no4 ,b x is falsely assum$ t y\rs is "h connect$ by & to immortality1 to design1 or to sword2 because ^! words are aga9 sev]ally und]/ood aft] y\rs3 or1 if o!rwise1 ! two pron\ns alone are connect$ by &1 s t ! pro( is r1 t _! & my are 9 ! possessive case4 ,! second argum5t is drawn f ! use ( ! preposition ( be=e ! possessive4 ,= we say correctly1 'an acqua9tance ( y\rs1 ours1 or !irs'--( be+ ! sign ( ! possessive2 b if ! words 9 !mselves are possessives1 !n !re mu/ be two signs ( ! same case1 :i* is absurd4--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #bh2 ,phil4 ,gr41 #cf4 ,i d5y t ( is "h ! sign ( ! possessive1 & affirm t x is tak5 p>titively1 9 all examples ( ?is sort4 ,i "k my %eep1 & am kn[n ( m9e1 is n ( ?is k9d2 because ( "h means by--a s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is antiquat$4 ,9 recurr+ aft]w>ds to ?is argum5t1 ! ,doctor misquotes ! foll[+ texts1 & av]s t !y are evid5tly meant to include ! :ole numb]3 ',s+ to ! ,"l1 all ye sa9ts ( 84'--,ps4 #cj1 #d4 ',he t he>e? ^! say+s ( m9e4'--,matt4 #g4--;,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #bi2 ,phil4 ,gr41 #ch4 ,if he is "r ab\t ! mean+1 h[ev]1 ! passages are mi/ranslat$1 z well z misquot$3 !y ought to be1 ,s+ unto ! ,"l1 ,o ye 8 ,sa9ts4--,e "o t he>e? ^! my say+s4 ,b :5 a def9itive p>ticle prec$es ! n\n1 x is v common ) u1 to introduce ! possessive elliptically aft] x2 & :at ,dr4 ,wilson means by sugge/+ t x is errone\s1 ,i "k n3 ,:5 ! preposition ( prec$es m9e1 ours1 y\rs1 c4 ! err\r lies1 n 9 ?is1 t !re are d\ble possessive cases1 b 9 =m+ an implication ( a n\n1 :i* ! sub/itute already d5otes1 toge!r ) ! p]sons4--,essay on ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,9 8 ,syllabus ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,dr4 ,wilson tea*es ?us3 ,my1 our1 ?y1 y\r1 81 h]1 its1 _!1 ^:1 & :osesoev] are possessive pronom9al adjectives4 ,ours1 y\rs1 h]s1 & !irs are pron\n sub/antives1 us$ ei!r z subjects1 or z objects2 z s+ul>s1 or z plurals2 & are sub/itut$ bo? = ! names ( ! possessors1 & = ^? ( ! ?+s possess$4 ,81 its1 ^:1 m9e1 & ?9e1 are sometimes us$ z su* sub/antives2 b also are at o!r times pronom9al possessive adjectives4--,wilson's ,syllabus1 p4 ,x4 ,n[ comp>e ) ^! ?ree positions1 ! foll[+ ?ree f ! same le>n$ au?or4 ,9 ,hebrew1 ! adjective g5]ally agrees ) its n\n 9 g5d] & numb]1 b pron\ns foll[ ! g5d] ( _! antec$5ts1 & n ( ! n\ns ) :i* !y /&4 ,s 9 ,engli%1 my1 ?y1 81 h]1 its1 our1 y\r1 & _!1 agree ) ! n\ns !y repres5t1 9 numb]1 g5d]1 & p]son4 ,b adjectives1 hav+ no *ange expressive ( numb]1 g5d]1 or case1 _c accord ) _! n\ns4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #aib4 ,ours1 y\rs1 h]s1 & !irs1 are mo/ usually consid]$ possessive cases ( p]sonal pron\ns2 b !y are1 m probably1 possessive sub/itutes1 n adjectives1 b n\ns4--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,nor c m9e or ?9e1 ) any m propriety ?an ours1 y\rs1 c4 be jo9$ to any n\n1 z possessive adjectives & possessive cases may4--,ib41 p4 #aaj4 ,:oev] und]/&s ^! in/ructions1 _c b see _! inconsi/5cy4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,murray argues at "s l5g?1 )\t nam+ 8 oppon5ts1 t ! words :i* he assumes to be su*1 are really p]sonal pron\ns /&+ rightfully 9 ! possessive case2 & t1 !y %\ld n1 on ! slight pret5ce ( _! diff]+ f n\ns1 be dispossess$ ( ! "r & privilege1 :i*1 f "t immemorial !y h enjoy$4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,*ur*ill z ably %[s1 t ! correspond+ t]ms1 :i* ,l[? calls pronom9al adjectives1 & :i* ,murray & o!rs w h to be pron\ns ( no case1 are ju/ly entitl$ to ! same rank4 ,if m9e1 ?9e1 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 be ! possessive case2 my1 ?y1 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 mu/ be ! same4 ,:e!r we say1 ',x is ,john's book1' or1 ',! book is ,john's2' ,john's is n less ! possessive case 9 "o in/ance1 ?an x is 9 ! o!r4 ,if we say1 ',x is 8 book1' or1 ',! book is 82' ',x is h] book1' or1 ',! book is h]s2' ',x is my book1' or1 ',! book is m9e2' ',x is y\r book1' or1 ',! book is y\rs2' are n ^! p>allel in/ances8 ,cu/om has e/abli%$ x z a law1 t ?is case ( ! pron\n %all drop its orig9al t]m9ation1 = ! sake ( euphony1 :5 x prec$es ! n\n t gov]ns x2 reta9+ x only :]e ! n\n is und]/ood3 b ?is c]ta9ly makes no alt]ation 9 ! nature ( ! ^w2 s t ei!r my is z mu* a possessive case z m9e2 or m9e & my are equally pronom9al adjectives4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #bba4 ,mr4 ,murray consid]s ! phrases1 'our desire1' 'y\r int5tion1' '_! resignation1' z in/ances ( plural adjectives agree+ ) s+ul> n\ns2 & consequ5tly exceptions to ! g5]al 7may we n say univ]sal87 rule3 b if !y ! words our1 y\r1 _!1 be1 z is attempt$ to be prov$ above1 ! possessive cases ( pron\ns1 no rule is "h violat$4--,ib41 p4 #bbd4 ,,obs4 #af4--,"o /rong argum5t1 t\*+ ?is mu*-disput$ po9t ( gramm>1 0 incid5tally notic$ 9 ! obs]vations ^u antec$5ts3 an adjective _c give p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 to a relative pron\n2 because1 9 our language1 adjectives d n possess ^! qualities2 nor inde$ 9 any o!r1 except z !y take !m by imm$iate agreem5t ) n\ns or pron\ns 9 ! same clause4 ,b x is und5iable1 t my1 ?y1 81 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 d sometimes /& z antec$5ts1 & give p]son1 numb]1 & g5d] to relatives1 :i* head o!r clauses4 ,= ! le>n] %\ld rememb]1 t1 ,:5 a relative pron\n is us$1 ! s5t5ce is divid$ into two p>ts2 viz4 ! antec$5t s5t5ce1 or t :i* conta9s ! antec$5t2 & ! relative s5t5ce1 conta9+ ! relative4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abc4 ,we ne$ n "h d5y1 t ,t]5ce's ,lat91 z quot$ 9 ! gramm>s1 ,omnes laud>e =tunas meas1 qui hab]em gnatum tali +euio prditum1 is q z intelligible syntax1 z c lit]ally be made ( x 9 ,engli%--,t all w\ld praise my =tunes1 :o _h a son endu$ ) su* a g5ius4 ,=1 :e!r ! ,lat9 be good or n1 x af=ds no argum5t aga9/ u1 except t ( a suppos$ analogy2 nor does ! lit]ality ( ! v]sion prove1 at all po9ts1 ei!r ! accuracy or ! sam5ess ( ! con/ruction4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,surely1 )\t "s imp]ative reason1 we ought n1 9 ,engli%1 to resort to su* an assumption z is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ ,rule3 ,sometimes ! relative agrees 9 p]son ) t pron\n sub/antive1 f :i* ! possessive pron\n adjective is d]iv$2 z1 ,pity my condition1 :o am s de/itute4 ,i rejoice at ?y lot1 :o art s =tunate4 ,we lam5t 8 fate1 :o is s unw>y4 ,bew>e ( h] cunn+1 :o is s deceitful4 ,commis]ate our condition1 :o are s poor4 ,tremble at y\r neglig5ce1 :o are s c>eless4 ,x %all be _! prop]ty1 :o are s dilig5t4 ,we are rejoic+ at ?y lot1 :o ha/ be5 s =tunate4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #adb4 ,9 8 explanation ( ! la/ ( ^! s5t5ces1 ! au?or says1 ,:o is a relative pron\n2 9 ! mascul9e g5d]1 s+ul> numb]1 second p]son1 & agrees ) !e1 impli$ 9 ! adjective ?y4 ,,rule4--,sometimes ! relative agrees 9 p]son1 c4 ,& x is ! nom9ative to ! v]b ha/ be54 ,,rule4--,:5 no nom9ative comes betwe5 ! relative & ! v]b1 ! relative is ! nom9ative to ! v]b4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,a pupil ( ,g4 ,br[n's w\ld h said1 ,:o is a relative pron\n1 repres5t+ '?y1' or ! p]son address$1 9 ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & mascul9e g5d]2 accord+ to ! rule :i* says1 ',a pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]3' & is 9 ! nom9ative case1 be+ ! subject ( ha/ be52 accord+ to ! rule :i* says1 ',a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4' ,because ! mean+ is--:o ha/ be52 t is1 ?y lot1 or ! lot ( !e1 :o ha/ be54 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,because ! possessive case ( a n\n or pron\n is usually equival5t 9 mean+ to ! preposition ( & ! objective case1 "s gramm>ians1 mi/ak+ ?is equival5ce ( mean+ = sam5ess ( case1 h ass]t$ t all our possessives h a d\ble =m4 ,?us ,nixon3 ,:5 ! p>ticle ( comes betwe5 two sub/antives signify+ diff]5t ?+s1 x is n to be consid]$ a preposition1 b ! sign ( ! sub/antive's be+ 9 ! possessive case1 equally z if ! apo/rophic s _h be5 affix$ to x2 z1 ',! skill ( ,cs>1' or ,cs>'s skill4'--,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #ch4 ,:5 ! apo/rophic s is us$1 ! g5itive is ! =m] ( ! two sub/antives2 z1 ',john's h\se3' b :5 ! p>ticle ( is us$1 x is ! latt]2 z1 ',! h\se ( ,john4'--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,! "w "h quot$ is adapt$ to two diff]5t gramm>s2 namely1 ,murray's & ,all5's4 ,^! ! au?or d\btless conceiv$ to be ! be/ ,engli% gramm>s extant4 ,& x is n a little rem>kable1 t bo? ( ^! au?ors1 z well z _m o!rs1 tea* 9 su* a faulty mann]1 t _! int5tions ^u ?is po9t may be matt] ( dispute4 ,:5 ,murray1 ,all51 & o!rs1 say1 'we make use ( ! p>ticle ( to express ! relation ( ! g5itive1' ! ambiguity ( _! ass]tion leaves x 9 d\bt :e!r or n !y consid]$ ! sub/antive :i* is prec$$ by ( & an o!r sub/antive1 z 9 ! g5itive case4--,nixon's ,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #ch4 ,resolv+ ?is d\bt accord+ to 8 own fancy1 ,nixon makes ! possessive case ( our p]sonal pron\ns to be z foll[s3 m9e or ( me1 ours or ( u2 ?9e or ( !e1 y\rs or ( y2 8 or ( him1 !irs or ( !m2 h]s or ( h]1 !irs or ( !m2 its or ( x1 !irs or ( !m4--,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #dc4 ,?is doctr9e gives u a =m ( decl5sion t is bo? complex & defici5t4 ,x is !re=e m objectionable ?an almo/ any ( ^? :i* are criticis$ above4 ,! argum5ts & au?orities on :i* ! au?or re/s 8 position1 are n ?\ght likely to ga9 _m conv]ts2 = :i* reason1 ,i dismiss ! subject1 )\t cit+ or answ]+ !m4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,9 old books1 we sometimes f9d ! ^w ,i writt5 = ! adv]b ay1 yes3 z1 ,to dye1 to sleepe2 ,to sleepe1 p]*ance to dreame2 ,i1 !re's ! rub4--,%akspe>e1 ,old ,copies4 ,! ,briti% ,gramm>1 pr9t$ 9 #aghd1 & ! ,gramm> ( ,murray ! s*oolma/]1 publi%$ "s ye>s e>li] ?an ,l9dley ,murray's1 say3 ,we use ,i z an ,answ]1 9 a famili>1 c>eless1 or m]ry ,way2 z1 ',i1 ,i1 ,sir1 ,i1 ,i2' b to use ay1 is acc\nt$ rude1 especially to our ,bett]s4 ,see ,brit4 ,gram41 p4 #aih4 ,! age ( ?is rud5ess1 or incivility1 if x ev] exi/$1 has long pass$ away2 & ! fa%ion seems to be s *ang$1 t to write or utt] ,i = ay1 w\ld n[ 9 its turn be acc\nt$ rude--! rud5ess ( ignorance--a false or?ography1 or a false pronunciation4 ,9 ! ^w ay1 ! two s\nds ( ah-ee are pla9ly he>d2 9 ! s\nd ( ,i1 ! same elem5ts are m quickly bl5d$4 7,see a note at ! foot ( page #afb47 ,:5 ?is s\nd is sudd5ly repeat$1 "s writ]s make a new ^w ( x1 :i* mu/ be call$ an int]jection3 z1 ',pray1 answ] me a "q or two4' ',ey1 ey1 z _m z y please1 c\s9 ,bridget1 an !y be n too h>d4'--,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #ii4 ,ey1 ey1 'tis s2 %e's out ( h] head1 poor ?+4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,?is is probably a corruption ( ay1 :i* is (t5 d\bl$ 9 ! same mann]3 ?us1 ,ay1 ay1 ,antipholus1 look /range1 & fr[n4--,%akspe>e4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,! common fa%ion ( address be+ n[adays altoge!r 9 ! plural =m1 ! pron\ns ?\1 ?y1 ?9e1 !e1 & ?yself1 h become unfamili> to mo/ p1 especially to ! vulg> & un$ucat$4 ,^! words are n[ conf9$ almo/ exclusively to ! writ+s ( ! poets1 to ! language ( ! ,fri5ds1 to ! ,holy ,scriptures1 & to ! solemn s]vices ( religion4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 ! only g5u9e repres5tatives ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 9 ,engli%2 & to displace !m f t rank 9 gramm>1 or to pres5t y1 y\r1 & y\rs1 z be+ lit]ally s+ul>1 ?\gh c\nt5anc$ by sev]al late writ]s1 is a useless & p]nici\s innovation4 ,x is suffici5t = ! in=mation ( ! le>n]1 & f> m consi/5t ) le>n+ & ta/e1 to say1 t ! plural is fa%ionably us$ = ! s+ul>1 by a figure ( syntax2 =1 9 all correct usage ( ?is sort1 ! v]b is plural1 z well z ! pron\n--,dr4 ,web/]'s f\rte5 au?orities to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,=1 surely1 ,y 0 _c be consid]$ good ,engli%1 m]ely because t numb] ( respectable writ]s h happ5$1 on "s p>ticul> occasions1 to adopt ! phrase2 & ev5 if we mu/ ne$s conc$e ?is po9t1 & grant to ! ,doctor & 8 conv]ts1 t ,y 0 is primitive & correct1 ! example no m proves t y is s+ul>1 ?an t 0 is plural4 ,& :at is "o s+ul> irregul> pret]it1 comp>$ ) all ! v]bs 9 ! language8 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,9 our pres5t au?oriz$ v]sion ( ! ,bible1 ! numb]s & cases ( ! second p]son are kept rem>kably di/9ct1#baa ! pron\ns be+ always us$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ?\ = ! nom9ative1 ?y or ?9e = ! possessive1 & !e = ! objective1 s+ul>2 ye = ! nom9ative1 y\r or y\rs = ! possessive1 & y = ! objective1 plural4 ,yet1 be=e t v]sion 0 made1 fa%ionable usage _h commonly sub/itut$ y = ye1 mak+ ! =m] ^w nom9ative z well z objective1 & apply+ x to "o he>] z well z to m4 ,& subsequ5tly1 z x appe>s1 ! religi\s sect t ent]ta9$ a scruple ab\t apply+ y to an individual1 fell = ! mo/ "p into an ungrammatical practice ( putt+ !e = ?\2 mak+1 9 l mann]1 ! objective pron\n to be bo? nom9ative & objective2 or1 at lea/1 us+ x v commonly s 9 _! conv]sation4 ,_! mann] ( speak+1 h[ev]1 0 n--or1 c]ta9ly1 ) ! pres5t g5]ation ( _! successors1 is n--z "s gramm>ians repres5t x to be1 t =mal & antique phraseology :i* we call ! solemn /yle4#bab ,!y make no m use ( ! pron\n ye1 or ( ! v]bal t]m9ation e?1 ?an d p ( fa%ion2 nor d !y1 9 us+ ! pron\n ?\1 or _! improp] nom9ative !e1 ord9>ily inflect ) / or e/ ! pret]its or ! auxili>ies ( ! accompany+ v]bs1 z is done 9 ! solemn /yle4 ,inde$1 to use ! solemn /yle famili>ly1 w\ld be1 to turn x into burlesque2 z :5 ,pet] ,p9d> telle? :at he tr[e?4 #bac ,& let ^? :o ?9k ) ,murray1 t our pres5t v]sion ( ! ,scriptures is ! be/ /&>d ( ,engli% gramm>1#bad rememb] t 9 x !y h no w>rant = sub/itut+ s or es = ! old t]m9ation e?1 any m ?an = ceas+ to use ! solemn /yle ( ! second p]son famili>ly4 ,t v]sion 0 good 9 its day1 yet x %[s b v imp]fectly :at ! ,engli% language n[ is4 ,c we consi/5tly take = our pres5t /&>d1 a /yle :i* does n all[ u to use y 9 ! nom9ative case1 or its = ! possessive8 ,& aga91 is n a simplification ( ! v]b z necess>y & prop] 9 ! famili> use ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 z 9 t ( ! ?ird8 ,?is latt] "q ,i %all discuss 9 a future *apt]4 ,,obs4 #bb4--,! use ( ! pron\n ye 9 ! nom9ative case1 is n[ mo/ly conf9$ to ! solemn /yle2#bae b ! use ( x 9 ! objective1 :i* is disall[$ 9 ! solemn /yle1 & n[h]e approv$ by our gramm>ians1 is nev]!less common :5 no emphasis falls ^u ! ^w3 z1 ,:5 y're unm>ri$1 nev] load ye ,) jewels2 !y may incommode ye4--,dr4 ,k+1 p4 #chd4 ,^u ?is po9t1 ,dr4 ,l[? obs]ves1 ,"s writ]s h us$ ye z ! objective case plural ( ! pron\n ( ! second p]son1 v improp]ly & ungrammatically2 z1 ',! m %ame = ye2 holy m5 ,i ?\ght ye4' ,%ak4 ,h54 ,,viii4 ',b tyrants dread ye1 le/ y\r j decree ,transf] ! p['r1 & set ! p free4' ,prior4 ',8 wra?1 :i* "o day w de/roy ye bo?4' ,milt4 ,p4 ,l4 ii4 #gcd4 ,milton uses ! same mann] ( expression 9 a few o!r places ( 8 ,p>adise ,lo/1 & m frequ5tly 9 8 small] poems1 ,x may1 p]haps1 be all[$ 9 ! comic & burlesque /yle1 :i* (t5 imitates a vulg> & incorrect pronunciation2 b 9 ! s]i\s & solemn /yle1 no au?ority is suffici5t to ju/ify s manife/ a solecism4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,*ur*ill copies ?is rem>k1 & adds2 ,dryd5 has y z ! nom9ative1 & ye z ! objective1 9 ! same passage3#baf ',:at ga9 y1 by =bidd+ x to tease ye8 ,x n[ c nei!r tr\ble ye1 nor please ye4' ,0 ?is f a notion1 t y & ye1 ?us employ$1 7 m analog\s to ?\ & !e 9 ! s+ul> numb]8--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,i answ]1 ,no2 b1 m probably1 f a notion1 t ! two words1 be+ n[ confess$ly equival5t 9 ! "o case1 might z well be made s 9 ! o!r3 j z ! ,fri5ds1 9 us+ !e = y1 are c>elessly conv]t+ ! =m] ^w into a nom9ative1 to ! exclusion ( ?\2 because ! latt] has g5]ally be5 made s1 to ! exclusion ( ye4 ,:5 ! conf\nd+ ( su* di/9ctions is begun1 :o kn[s :]e x w end8 ,) l ignorance1 "s writ]s suppose1 t ! fa%ion ( us+ ! plural = ! s+ul> is a suffici5t w>rant = putt+ ! s+ul> = ! plural3 z1 ,! joys ( love1 are !y n d\bly ?9e1 ,ye poor6 ^: heal?1 ^: spirits ne'er decl9e8 --,s\?wick's ,pleas4 ( ,pov]ty4 ,b1 ,nea!rds1 g look to ! k9e1 ,_! cribs ) fre% fodd] supply2 ,! task ( compassion be ?9e1 ,= h]bage ! pa/ures d5y4--,p]fect's ,poems1 p4 #e4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,:5 us$ 9 a burlesque or ludicr\s mann]1 ! pron\n ye is sometimes a m]e expletive2 or1 p]haps1 int5d$ r z an objective gov]n$ by a preposition und]/ood4 ,b1 9 su* a con/ruction1 ,i see no reason to pref] x to ! regul> objective y2 z1 ,he'll laugh ye1 dance ye1 s+ ye1 vault1 look gay1 ,& ruffle all ! ladies 9 8 play4--,k+1 p4 #egd4 ,"s gramm>ians1 :o w h y to be s+ul> z well z plural1 ignorantly tell u1 t ye always means m ?an "o4 ,b ! fact is1 t :5 ye 0 9 common use1 x 0 z frequ5tly appli$ to "o p]son z y3 ?us1 ,f>ewell my d\ght] lady ,m>g>ete1 ,god wotte full (t x grieu$ ha? my mynde1 ,t ye %\ld g :]e we %\ld seldome mete3 ,n[ am ,i gone1 & haue left y behynde4--,sir ,t4 ,m1 #aejc4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ye is us$ = !e1 ! objective s+ul>2 & t by "o ^: k ( ! ,engli% language1 is said to h be5 unsurpass$3-- ,pr\d ,b>onet ( ,nova ,scotia6 ,! ,dean & ,spani>d mu/ reproa* ye4--,swift4 ,s 9 ! /ory ( ! ,*ameleon3-- ',tis gre51 'tis gre51 ,sir1 ,i assure ye4--,m]rick4 ,?us we h ye n only = ! nom9ative 9 bo? numb]s1 b at l5g? = ! objective 9 bo?2 ye & y be+ made ev]y:]e equival5t1 by v _m writ]s4 ,inde$ ?is pron\n has be5 s frequ5tly us$ = ! objective case1 t "o may well d\bt any gramm>ian's au?ority to condemn x 9 t con/ruction4 ,yet ,i _c b ?9k x ill-*os5 9 ! ?ird l9e bel[1 ?\gh "r 9 ! fir/3-- ,ye6 :o h trac$ ! ,pilgrim to ! sc5e ,:i* is 8 la/1 if 9 y\r memories dwell ,a ?\ght :i* once 0 81 if on ye swell ,a s+le recollection1 n 9 va9 ,he wore 8 s&al-%oon1 & scallop-%ell4--,byron4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,! ?ree pron\ns ( ! ?ird p]son1 he1 %e1 & x1 h always =m$ _! plural numb] aft] "o & ! same mann]1 !y1 _! or !irs1 !m4 ,or1 r1 ^! plural words1 :i* appe> n to be regul> d]ivatives f any ( ! s+ul>s1 h ev] be5 appli$ alike to !m all4 ,b x1 ! neut] pron\n s+ul>1 _h =m]ly no v>iation ( cases1 & is /ill alike 9 ! nom9ative & ! objective4 ,! possessive its is ( comp>atively rec5t orig94 ,9 our common ,bible1 ! ^w is n f\nd1 except by mispr9t2 nor d o!r writ+s ( ! same age conta9 x4 ,! phrase1 ( x1 0 (t5 us$ z an equival5t2 z1 ,& x _h ?ree ribs 9 ! m\? ( x betwe5 ! tee? ( x4--,dan41 vii1 #e4 ,t is--9 its m\?1 betwe5 its tee?4 ,b1 z a possessive case 0 sometimes necess>y1 our ance/ors us$ to borr[ "o2 commonly f ! mascul9e1 ?\gh sometimes f ! fem99e4 ,?is produc$ :at n[ appe>s a /range confusion ( ! g5d]s3 z1 ,le>n+ ha? 8 infancy1 :5 x is b beg9n+1 & almo/ *ildi%2 !n 8 y\?1 :5 x is luxuriant & juv5ile2 !n 8 /r5g? ( ye>s1 :5 x is solid & r$uc$2 & la/ly 8 old age1 :5 x waxe? dry & exhau/4--,bacon's ,essays1 p4 #eh4 ,( beat5 "w %all ! c&le/ick be made3 8 %aft1 & 8 bran*es1 8 b[ls1 8 knops1 & 8 fl[]s1 %all be ( ! same4--,exodus1 xxv1 #ca4 ,!y came & empti$ ! *e/1 & took x & c>ri$ x to 8 place aga94--#b ,*ron41 xxiv1 #aa4 ,look n ?\ ^u ! w9e1 :5 x is r$1 :5 x give? 8 col\r 9 ! cup1 :5 x move? itself aright4--,prov41 xxiii1 #ca4 ,! tree is kn[n by 8 fruit4--,matt41 xii1 #cc4 ,:5 ?\ tille/ ! gr\nd1 x %all n h5ce=? yield unto !e h] /r5g?4--,g541 iv1 #ab4 ,he t pricke? ! he>t1 make? x to %[ h] k4--,eccl41 xxii1 #ai4 ,%akspe>e r>ely1 if ev]1 us$ its2 & 8 /yle is sometimes obscure = ! want ( x3 z1 ,!re is no vice s simple1 b assumes ,"s m>k ( virtue on 8 outw>d p>ts4 --,m]*4 ( ,v5ice4 ,! "n ( ,cassius hon\rs ?is corruption1 ,& *a/isem5t do? !re=e hide 8 head4 --,jul4 ,cs41 ,act iv4 ,,obs4 #be4--,! possessive case ( pron\ns %\ld nev] be writt5 ) an apo/rophe4 ,a few pronom9al adjectives tak5 sub/antively receive x2 b ! con/ruction :i* x gives !m1 seems to make !m n\ns3 z1 "o's1 o!r's1 &1 accord+ to ,murray1 =m]'s & latt]'s4 ,! real pron\ns t end 9 s1 z 81 h]s1 its1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 ?\gh true possessives aft] _! k9d1 h no occasion = ?is m>k1 nor does good usage admit x4 ,*ur*ill1 ) equal disreg>d ( consi/5cy & au?ority1 gives x to "o ( !m1 & d5ies x to ! re/4 ,ref]r+ to ! classification ( ^! words z possessives1 & ( my1 ?y1 h]1 our1 y\r1 _!1 z adjectives1 he says3 ,x seems z if ! t]m9ation 9 s _h l$ to ! di/9ction3 b no "o w cont5d1 t ours is ! possessive case ( our1 or !irs ( _!2 ?\gh ours1 y\rs1 h]s1 & !irs1 are (t5 v improp]ly spelt ) an apo/rophe1 a fault n always imputable to ! pr9t]2 :ile 9 x's1 :i* is unque/ionably ! possessive case ( x1 ! apo/rophe1 by a /range p]v]s5ess1 is almo/ always omitt$4--,*ur*ill ,gram41 p4 #bbb4 ,! *>ge ( /range p]v]s5ess may1 9 ?is in/ance1 ,i ?9k1 be retort$ ^u ! critic2 & t1 to ! fair exculpation ( ^? :o *oose to con=m to ! g5]al usage :i* (f5ds him4 ,,obs4 #bf4--,( ! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns1 ?is au?or gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,self1 9 ! plural selves1 a n\n1 is (t5 comb9$ ) ! p]sonal pron\ns1 9 ord] to express emphasis1 or opposition1 or ! id5tity ( ! subject & ! object ( a v]b2 & ?us =ms a pron\n relative3 z1 ',i did x myself2' 'he 0 n himself1 :5 he said s2' '! envi\s torm5t !mselves m ?an o!rs4' ,=m]ly self & selves 7 us$ simply z n\ns1 & gov]n$ ! pron\n1 :i* 0 kept di/9ct f x !m 9 ! possessive case3 b s9ce !y ! pron\n & ! n\n h coalesc$ into "o ^w1 !y ! comp\nds are us$ only 9 ! foll[+ =ms3 = ! fir/ p]son1 myself1 ourselves2 = ! second1 ?yself1 or y\rself1 y\rselves2 = ! ?ird1 himself1 h]self1 itself1 !mselves3 except 9 ! regal /yle1 9 :i*1 z g5]ally 9 ! second p]son1 ! s+ul> n\n is add$ to ! plural pron\n1 mak+ ourself4 ,ea* ( ^! is ! same 9 all ?ree cases4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,9 a note ref]r+ to ! close ( ?is explanation1 he adds3 ,own also is (t5 employ$ ) ! possessive cases ( ! p]sonal pron\ns by way ( emphasis1 or opposition2 b sep>ately1 z an adjective1 & n comb9+ ) !m to =m a relative3 z1 ',i did x ( my own free w3' ',did he d x ) 8 own h&8'--,ib41 p4 #bbg4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,! prec$+ in/ructions1 faulty & ungrammatical z !y are1 seem to be ! be/ t our writ]s h furni%$ ^u ?is po9t4 ,to detect falsities & blund]s1 is half ! gramm>ian's duty4 ,! pron\ns ( :i* ! t]m self or selves =ms a "p1 are us$1 n = ! connect+ ( diff]5t clauses ( a s5t5ce1 b = ! purpose ( emphatic di/9ction 9 ! s5se4 ,9 call+ !m relatives1 ,*ur*ill is wrong1 ev5 by 8 own %[+4 ,!y h n ! *>act]i/ics :i* he himself ascribes to relatives2 b are comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns1 & no?+ else4 ,he is also manife/ly wrong 9 ass]t+1 t !y are sev]ally ! same 9 all ?ree cases4 ,f ! v nature ( _! composition1 ! possessive case is alike impossible to !m all4 ,to express own]%ip ) emphasis or di/9ction1 we employ nei!r ^! comp\nds nor any o!rs2 b always use ! simple possessives ) ! sep>ate adjective own3 z1 ,) my own eyes1--,by ?y own confession1--,to 8 own h\se1--,= h] own fa!r1--,by its own weight1--,to save our own lives1--,= y\r own sake1--,9 _! own cause4 ,,obs4 #bh4--,! phrases1 my own1 ?y own1 8 own1 & s =?1 ,dr4 ,p]ley1 9 8 little ,gramm>1 has improp]ly conv]t$ by ! hyph5 into comp\nd words3 call+ !m ! possessive =ms ( myself1 ?yself1 himself1 & s =?2 z if "o set ( comp\nds c\ld con/itute ! possessive case ( an o!r6 ,& aga91 z if ! mak+ ( eight new pron\ns = two great nations1 7 z slight a feat1 z ! ins]t+ ( s _m hyph5s6 ,! ^w own1 anci5tly writt5 ow51 is an adjective2 f an old =m ( ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b to owe2 :i* v]b1 accord+ to ,l[? & o!rs1 once signifi$ to possess4 ,x is equival5t to due1 prop]1 or peculi>2 &1 9 its pres5t use z an adjective1 x /&s n[h]e else ?an betwe5 ! possessive case & ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$2 z1 ,! ,boy's ,own ,book1--,*ri/'s own words1--,solomon's own & only son4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 :ile he ackn[l$ges ! abovem5tion$ d]ivation1 v /rangely calls own a n\n sub/antive2 &1 ) n m accuracy1 says3 ,?is is a ^w ( no o!r use ?an z x is add$ to ! possessive pron\ns1 my1 ?y1 81 our1 y\r1 _!4--,qu>to ,dict41 w4 ,own4 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce1 ) obvi\s untru?1 says1 ,own is us$ 9 comb9ation ) a "n or sub/itute1 & z a "p ( x1 to con/itute x emphatic4--,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,he writes x sep>ately1 b p>ses x z a "p ( ! possessive n\n or pron\n :i* prec$es x6 ,,obs4 #bi4--,! ^w self 0 orig9ally an adjective1 signify+ same1 v1 or p>ticul>2 b1 :5 us$ alone1 x is n[ g5]ally a n\n4 ,?is may h occasion$ ! div]sity :i* appe>s 9 ! =mation ( ! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 9 8 great ,diction>y1 calls self a pron\n2 b he expla9s x z be+ bo? adjective & sub/antive1 admitt+ t1 ,its prim>y signification seems to be t ( an adjective4--,aga9 he obs]ves1 ,myself1 himself1 !mselves1 & ! re/1 may1 contr>y to ! analogy ( my1 him1 !m1 be us$ z nom9atives4 ,hisself1 itsself1 & !irselves1 w\ld be m analogical ?an himself1 itself1 !mselves2 b cu/om has reject$ ! =m]1 & e/abli%$ ! latt]4 ,:5 an adjective qualifies ! t]m self1 ! pron\ns are writt5 sep>ately 9 ! possessive case2 z1 ,my s+le self1--,my own self1--,8 own self1--,_! own selves4 ,s1 anci5tly1 )\t an adjective3 z1 ,a man %all h diffus$ 8 life1 8 self1 & 8 :ole conc]nm5ts s f>1 t he c weep 8 sorr[s ) an o!r's eyes4--,s\?4 ,some?+ valuable = its self )\t view to any?+ f>!r4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bic4 ,t !y w\ld will+ly1 & ( _! selves endeav\r to keep a p]petual *a/ity4--,/at4 ,ed4 ,,vi4 9 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,:y ,i %\ld ei!r imploy my self 9 t /udy or put o!rs ^u x4--,walk]'s ,engli% ,p>ticles1 p4 xiv4 ,x is no matt] :e!r y d x by y\r proctor1 or by y\r self4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,! comp\nd oneself is sometimes writt5 9 /ead ( ! phrase "o's self2 b ! latt] is pref]able1 & m common4 ,ev5 8 self1 :5 writt5 z two words1 may possibly be "r 9 "s in/ances2 z1 ,scorn'd be ! wret* t quits 8 g5ial b[l1 ,8 loves1 8 fri5d%ips1 ev'n 8 self1 resigns2 ,p]v]ts ! sacr$ in/9ct ( 8 s\l1 ,& to a ducat's dirty sph]e conf9es4 --,,%5/one3 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #ajg4 ,,obs4 #cj4--;,9 poetry1 & ev5 9 "s compositions n wov5 into regul> numb]s1 ! simple p]sonal pron\ns are n unfrequ5tly us$1 = brevity's sake1 9 a reciprocal s5se2 t is1 9 /ead ( ! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns1 :i* are ! prop] reciprocals3 z1 ,wa% y1 make y clean4--,isaiah1 i1 #af4 ,i made me great works2 ,i build$ me h\ses2 ,i plant$ me v9ey>ds2 ,i made me g>d5s & or*>ds4--,ecclesia/es1 ii1 #d4 ,?\ %alt surely clo! !e ) !m all z ) an ornam5t1 & b9d !m on !e z a bride doe?4--,isaiah1 xlix1 #ah4 ,comp>e ) ^! ! m regul> expression3 ,z a bridegroom decke? himself ) ornam5ts1 & z a bride adorne? h]self ) jewels4--,isaiah1 lxi1 #aj4 ,?is phraseology is almo/ always pref]able 9 prose2 ! o!r is a poetical lic5se1 or peculi>ity3 z1 ,i turn me f ! m>tial ro>4--,scott's ,l4 ,l41 p4 #ig4 ,hu% !e1 poor maid51 & be /ill4--,ib41 p4 #aaj4 ,firm] he roots him ! rud] x bl[4--,ib41 p4 #di4 ,,obs4 #ca4--,to accommodate ! writ]s ( v]se1 ! ^w ev] is frequ5tly contract$ into e'er1 pron\nc$ l ! monosyllable air4 ,an easy ext5sion ( ?is lic5se1 gives u simil> contractions ( all ! comp\nd relative pron\ns2 z1 :oe'er or :osoe'er1 ^:'er or :osesoe'er1 :ome'er or :omsoe'er1 :i*e'er or :i*soe'er1 :ate'er or :atsoe'er4 ,! "* & prop]ties ( ^! comp\nds are expla9$1 p]haps suffici5tly1 9 ! obs]vations ^u ! classes ( pron\ns4 ,"s ( !m are commonly p>s$ z repres5t+ two cases at once2 !re be+1 9 fact1 an ellipsis ( ! n\n1 be=e or aft] !m3 z1 ,ea* art he prompts1 ea* *>m he c create1 ,:ate'er he gives1 are giv5 = y to hate4--,pope's ,dunciad4 ,,obs4 #cb4--;,= a =m ( p>s+ ! d\ble relative :at1 or its comp\nd :atev] or :atsoev]1 x is ! cu/om ( "s tea*]s1 to sugge/ equival5t words1 & !n proce$ to expla9 ^!1 9 lieu ( ! ^w 9 "q4 ,?is is ! me?od ( ,russell's ,gram41 p4 #ii2 ( ,m]*ants1 p4 #aaj2 ( ,kirkham's1 p4 #aaa2 ( ,gilb]t's1 p4 #ib4 ,b x %\ld be rememb]$ t equival5ce ( mean+ is n sam5ess ( grammatical con/ruction2 &1 ev5 if ! con/ruction be ! same1 to p>se o!r equival5t words1 is n really to p>se ! text t is giv54 ,a good p>s]1 ) ! lib]ty to supply obvi\s ellipses1 %\ld "k h[ to expla9 all good ,engli% z x /&s2 & = a tea*] to p]v]t good ,engli% into false doctr9e1 mu/ ne$s seem ! v wor/ k9d ( ignorance4 ,:at c be m fanta/ical ?an ! foll[+ etymology1 or m absurd ?an ! foll[+ directions = p>s+8 ,:at is comp\nd$ ( :i* t4 ,^! words h be5 contract$ & made to coalesce1 a "p ( ! or?ography ( bo? be+ /ill reta9$3 :at--:i*--that2 7:i*-t47 ,anci5tly x appe>$ 9 ! v>y+ =ms1 ?a qua1 qua ?a1 qu'?a1 qu?at1 quhat1 hwat1 & f9ally :at4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,?is bald p$antry ( ?a qua1 qua ?a1 0 secretly borr[$ f ! grammatical speculations ( ,william ,s4 ,c>dell3#bag ! :i*-t notion contradicts x1 & is p>tly ( ! borr[]'s own inv5tion4 ,if :at is a comp\nd1 x 0 comp\nd$ m ?an a ?\s& ye>s ago2 &1 ( c\rse1 long be=e any "p ( ! ,engli% language exi/$ z su*4 ,k+ ,alfr$ us$ x1 z he f\nd x1 9 ! ,saxon =m ( hwt4 ,! ,scot* aft]w>ds spell$ x quhat4 ,our ,engli% gramm>ians h improp]ly call$ x a comp\nd2 & ,kirkham1 /ill m absurdly1 calls ! ^w o!rs a comp\nd1 & m9e1 ?9e1 ours1 y\rs1 e4 comp\nds4#bah ,,obs4 #cc4--;,accord+ to ?is g5tleman's notion ( ?+s1 !re is1 )9 ! little circle ( ! ^w :at1 a v curi\s play ( antec$5t p>ts & p>ts relative--a dodg+ contra-dance ( :i* t & t :i*1 ) ?+s :i*1 & s =?4 ,?us3 ,:5 :at is a comp\nd relative y mu/ always p>se x z two words2 t is1 y mu/ p>se ! antec$5t "p z a n\n1 & give x case2 ! relative "p y may analyze l any o!r relative1 giv+ x a case likewise4 ,example3 ',i w try :at 7t :i*7 c be f\nd 9 female delicacy4' ,"h t1 ! antec$5t "p ( :at1 is 9 ! obj4 case1 gov]n$ by ! v]b 'w try2' :i*1 ! relative "p1 is 9 ! nom4 case to 'c be f\nd4' ',i h he>d :at 7i4e4 t :i*1 or ! ?+ :i*7 has be5 alleg$4' --,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,"h1 we sec1 ! au?or's :i*-t becomes t :i*1 or some?+ else4 ,b ?is is n a full view ( 8 me?od4 ,! foll[+ vile rigm>ole is a fur!r sample ( t ,new ,sy/ematick ,ord] ( ,p>s+1 by virtue ( :i* he s v complac5tly & successfully sets himself above all o!r gramm>ians3 ',f :at is record$1 he appe>s1 c4' ,:at is a comp4 rel4 pron4 includ+ bo? ! antec$5t & ! relative1 & is equival5t to t :i*1 or ! ?+ :i*4--,?+1 ! antec$5t "p ( :at1 is a n\n1 ! "n ( a ?+--com4 ! "n ( a species--neut] g5d]1 x has no sex--?ird p]son1 spok5 (--s+4 numb]1 x implies b "o--& 9 ! obj4 case1 x is ! object ( ! relation express$ by ! prep4 'f1' & gov4 by x3 ,,rule #ca4 7,repeat ! ,rule1 & e o!r ,rule to :i* ,i ref]47 ,:i*1 ! relative "p ( :at1 is a pron\n1 a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n--relative1 x relates to '?+' = its antec$5t--neut4 g5d]1 ?ird p]son1 s+1 numb]1 because ! antec$5t is ) :i* x agrees1 accord+ to ,,rule #ad4 ,rel4 pron4 c4 ,:i* is 9 ! nom4 case to ! v]b 'is record$1' agreeably to ,,rule #ae4 ,! relative is ! nom9ative case to ! v]b1 :5 no nom9ative comes betwe5 x & ! v]b4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,,obs4 #cd4--,! di/9ction :i* has be5 made by ,murray & o!rs1 betwe5 etymological p>s+ & syntactical--or1 betwe5 t ex]cise :i* simply classifies & describes ! words ( a s5t5ce1 & t :i* adds to ?is ! pr9ciples ( _! con/ruction--is reject$ by ,kirkham1 & also by ,+]soll1 ,full]1 ,smi?1 ,sanborn1 ,mack1 & "s o!rs1 x be+ altoge!r irreconcilable ) _! sev]al modes ( conf\nd+ ! two ma9 p>ts ( gramm>4 ,if su* a di/9ction is s]viceable1 ! want ( x is "o ( ! inh]5t faults ( ! s*emes :i* !y h adopt$4 ,b1 s9ce gramm> is ! art ( speak+ & writ+ ) propriety :o t really values cle>ness & accuracy ( expression1 c ?9k ! want ( !m excusable 9 models prescrib$ = ! ex]cise ( p>s+8 ,& is x n bett] to ma9ta9 ! di/9ction above nam$1 ?an to int]lace our syntactical p>s+ ) brok5 allusions to ! def9itions :i* p]ta9 to etymology8 ,if x is1 ?is new mode ( p>s+1 :i* ,kirkham claims to h inv5t$1 & ,smi? pret5ds to h got f ,g]many1 :atev] boa/ may be made ( x1 is ess5tially defective & v imme?odical4#bai ,?is rem>k applies n m]ely to ! =ms above cit$1 respect+ ! pron\n :at1 b to ! :ole me?od ( p>s+ adopt$ by ! au?or ( ,engli% ,gramm> 9 ,famili> ,lectures4 ,,obs4 #ce4--,! =ms ( etymological p>s+ :i* ,i h adopt$1 be+ design$ to tra9 ! pupil1 9 ! fir/ place1 by a succession ( easy /eps1 to a rapid & accurate description ( ! sev]al species ( words1 & a ready habit ( fully def9+ ! te*nical t]ms employ$ 9 su* descriptions1 w be f\nd to diff] m f ! =ms ( syntactical p>s+1 ?an d ^? ( p]haps any o!r gramm>ian4 ,! def9itions1 :i* con/itute s l>ge a portion ( ! =m]1 be+ omitt$ z soon z !y are ?or\ghly le>n$1 give place 9 ! latt]1 to ! facts & pr9ciples ( syntax4 ,?us h we fullness 9 ! "o "p1 concis5ess 9 ! o!r1 ord] & di/9ctness 9 bo?4 ,! sep>ation ( etymology f syntax1 h[ev]1 ?\gh judici\sly adopt$ by almo/ all gramm>ians1 is 9 itself a m]e matt] ( conv5i5ce4 ,no "o w pret5d t ^! two p>ts ( gramm> are 9 _! nature totally di/9ct & indep5d5t4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh a due reg>d to me?od dem&s ! ma9t5ance ( ?is anci5t & /ill usual division ( ! subject1 we n unfrequ5tly1 9 treat+ ( ! classes & modifications ( words1 exhibit cont+5tly "s ( ! pr9ciples ( _! con/ruction4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is v diff]5t f a purpos$ bl5d+ ( ! two p>ts1 ?an :i* no?+ c be m unwise4 ,,obs4 #cf4--,! great peculi>ity ( ! pron\n :at1 or ( its comp\nd :atev] or :atsoev]1 is a peculi>ity ( con/ruction1 r ?an ( etymology4 ,h5ce1 9 etymological p>s+1 x may be suffici5t to notice x only z a relative1 ?\gh ! con/ruction be d\ble4 ,x is 9 fact a relative2 b x is "o t rev]ses ! ord] ( ! antec$5t1 :5ev] ! n\n is ins]t$ ) x4 ,b z ! n\n is usually suppress$1 & z ! supply+ ( x is att5d$ ) an obvi\s difficulty1 aris+ f ! transposition1 we cut ! matt] %ort1 by decl>+ ! ^w to h1 z x appe>s to h1 a d\ble syntactical relation4 ,( ! =ego+ example1 !re=e--viz41 ,f :at is record$1 c41--a pupil ( m9e1 9 p>s+ etymologically1 w\ld say ?us3 ,:at is a relative pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a relative pron\n is a pron\n t repres5ts an antec$5t ^w or phrase1 & connects diff]5t clauses ( a s5t5ce4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* d5otes ! subject ( a v]b4 ,9 p>s+ syntactically1 he w\ld say ?us3 ,:at is a d\ble relative1 includ+ bo? antec$5t & relative1 be+ equival5t to t :i*4 ,z antec$5t1 x is ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case2 be+ gov]n$ by f2 accord+ to ! rule :i* says1 ',a ,n\n or a ,pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]v$ sic--,,k? by x 9 ! objective case4' ,because ! mean+ is--f :at4 ,z relative1 x is ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case2 be+ ! subject ( is record$2 accord+ to ! rule :i* says1 ',a ,n\n or a ,pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4' ,because ! mean+ is--:at is record$4 ,,obs4 #cg4--,! ^w :at1 :5 utt]$ indep5d5tly z a m>k ( surprise1 or z ! prelude to an emphatic "q :i* x does n ask1 becomes an int]jection2 &1 z su*1 is to be p>s$ m]ely z o!r int]jections are p>s$3 z1 ,:at6 came ! ^w ( ,god out f y8 or came x unto y only8--#a ,cor41 xiv1 #cf4 ,:at6 "k ye n t y\r body is ! temple ( ! ,holy ,gho/ :i* is 9 y1 :i* ye h ( ,god8--#a ,cor41 vi1 #ai4 ,b :at6 is ?y s]vant a dog1 t he %\ld d ?is great ?+8--#b ,k+s1 viii1 #ac4 ,:at6 are y s ambiti\s ( a man's good ^w1 :o p]haps 9 an h\r's "t %all curse himself to ! pit ( hell8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #aeb4 ,:at6 up & d[n1 c>v'd l an apple-t>t8--,%akspe>e4 ,:at6 c y lull ! w+$ w9ds asleep8--,campbell4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,v4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,fif? ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles1 ,,n\ns1 ,,adjectives1 & ,,pron\ns4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,fif? ,praxis1 are two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 six = a pron\n1 & "o = a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adv]b1 a conjunction1 a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,nay b1 ,o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8 ,%all ! ?+ =m$ say to him t =m$ x1 ,:y ha/ ?\ made me ?us4--,rom41 ix1 #bj4 ,nay is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,b is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,o is an int]jection4 #a4 ,an int]jection is a ^w t is utt]$ m]ely to indicate "s /rong or sudd5 emotion ( ! m9d4 ,man is a common n\n1 ( ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,:o is an int]rogative pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,an int]rogative pron\n is a pron\n ) :i* a "q is ask$4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,art is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,?\ is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,t is a relative pron\n1 ( ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a relative pron\n is a pron\n t repres5ts an antec$5t ^w or phrase1 & connects diff]5t clauses ( a s5t5ce4 #c4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,replie/ is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,aga9/ is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,god is a prop] n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n1 or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> individual1 or p1 or gr\p4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,%all is a v]b1 auxili>y to say1 & may be tak5 ) x4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,?+ is a common n\n ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,=m$ is a p>ticiple4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 ,say1 or %all say1 is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,to is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,him is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,t is a relative pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a relative pron\n is a pron\n t repres5ts an antec$5t ^w or phrase1 & connects diff]5t clauses ( a s5t5ce4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,=m$ is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,x is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,:y is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,ha/ is a v]b1 auxili>y to made1 & may be tak5 ) x4 ,?\ is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,made1 or ha/ made1 is a v]b4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,me is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak] or writ]4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,?us is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,e man has und\bt$ly an inw>d p]ception ( ! cele/ial goodness by :i* he is quick5$4 ,b1 if to obta9 "s ideas ( ,god1 x be n necess>y = u to g beyond ourselves1 :at an unp>donable indol5ce x is 9 ^? :o w n desc5d into !mselves t !y may f9d him8--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 ,b4 i1 ,*4 #e4 ,jesus answ]$1 ,if ,i hon\r myself1 my hon\r is no?+3 x is my ,fa!r t hon\re? me2 ( :om ye say1 t he is y\r ,god3 yet ye h n kn[n him2 b ,i "k him4--,john1 viii1 #ed4 ,:at6 h ye n h\ses to eat & to dr9k 98 or despise ye ! *ur* ( ,god1 & %ame !m t h n8 ,:at %all ,i say to y8 %all ,i praise y 9 ?is8 ,i praise y n4--#a ,cor41 xi1 #bb4 ,we "k n :at we ought to wi% =1 b ,he :o made u1 kn[s4--,burgh's ,dignity1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bj4 ,& :o is he t w h>m y1 if ye be foll[]s ( t :i* is good8--#a ,pet]1 iii1 #ac4 ,= we d>e n make ourselves ( ! numb]1 or comp>e ourselves ) "s t comm5d !mselves3 b !y1 measur+ !mselves by !mselves1 & comp>+ !mselves among !mselves1 are n wise4--#b ,cor41 x1 #ab4 ,:atev] is humane1 is wise2 :atev] is wise1 is j2 :atev] is wise1 j1 & humane1 w be f\nd ! true int]e/ ( /ates4--,dr4 ,ru%1 on ,puni%m5ts1 p4 #ai4 ,b1 me?9ks1 we _c answ] x to ourselves1 z-well-z to our ,mak]1 t we %\ld live & die ignorant ( ourselves1 & !reby ( him1 & ( ! obligations :i* we are "u to him = ourselves4--,william ,p5n4 ,b :]e %all wisdom be f\nd8 & :]e is ! place ( und]/&+8 ,! dep? sai?1 ',x is n 9 me2' & ! sea sai?1 ',x is n ) me4' ,de/ruction & dea? say1 ',we h he>d ! fame !re( ) our e>s4'--,see ,job1 xxviii1 #ab1 #ad1 #bb2 & ,blair's ,lect41 p4 #dag4 ,i /ill _h hopes1 my late/ h\rs to cr[n1 ,amid/ ^! humble b['rs to lay me d[n4--,goldsmi?4 ,:y do/ ?\ !n sugge/ to me di/ru/1 ,kn[+ :o ,i am1 z ,i "k :o ?\ art8--,milton1 ,p4 ,r4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,i w\ld1 me?9ks1 h s mu* to say = myself1 t if ,i fell into ! h&s ( him :o treat$ me ill1 he %\ld be s5sible :5 he did s3 8 consci5ce %\ld be on my side1 :atev] became ( 8 incl9ation4--,/eele1 ,spect41 ,no4 #ebb4 ,a boy %\ld und]/& 8 "m tongue well be=e he ent]s ^u ! /udy ( a dead language2 or1 at any rate1 he %\ld be made p]fect ma/] ( ! mean+ ( all ! words :i* are necess>y to furni% him ) a translation ( ! p>ticul> au?or :i* he is /udy+4--,gallaudet1 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #bjf4 ,no discipl9e is m suitable to man1 or m congru\s to ! dignity ( 8 nature1 ?an t :i* ref9es 8 ta/e1 & leads him to di/+ui%1 9 e subject1 :at is regul>1 :at is ord]ly1 :at is suitable1 & :at is fit & prop]4--,kames's ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bge4 ,simple ?\ghts are :at arise naturally2 :at ! occasion or ! subject sugge/s uns\ght2 & :at1 :5 once sugge/$1 are easily appreh5d$ by all4 ,ref9em5t 9 writ+1 expresses a less natural & less obvi\s tra9 ( ?\ght4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ahd4 ,:]e ! /ory ( an epic poem is f\nd$ on tru?1 no circum/ances mu/ be add$1 b su* z connect naturally ) :at are kn[n to be true3 hi/ory may be suppli$1 b x mu/ n be contradict$4--,see ,kames's ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bhj4 ,o!rs1 ,i am told1 pret5d to h be5 once 8 fri5ds4 ,surely !y are _! enemies1 :o say s2 = no?+ c be m odi\s ?an to treat a fri5d z !y h treat$ him4 ,b ( ?is ,i _c p]suade myself1 :5 ,i consid] ! con/ant & et]nal av]sion ( all bad writ]s to a good "o4--,clel&1 9 ,def5ce ( ,pope4 ,f side to side1 he /ruts1 he smiles1 he prates1 ,& seems to wond] :at's become ( ,yates4--,*ur*ill4 ,alas6 :at sorr[s gloom'd t p>t+ day1 ,t call'd !m f _! native walks away6--,goldsmi?4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,x is involv$ 9 ! nature ( man1 t he _c be indiff]5t to an ev5t t conc]ns him or any ( 8 connexions3 if x be =tunate1 x gives him joy2 if un=tunate1 x gives him sorr[4--,kames's ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #fb4 ,i knew a man :o _h rel9qui%$ ! sea = a c\ntry life3 9 ! corn] ( 8 g>d5 he re>$ an artificial m\nt ) a level summit1 resembl+ mo/ accurately a qu>t]-deck1 n only 9 %ape1 b 9 size2 & "h he g5]ally walk$4--,ib41 p4 #cbh4 ,i mean1 :5 we are angry ) our ,mak]4 ,= aga9/ :om else is x t our displeasure is po9t$1 :5 we murmur at ! di/ribution ( ?+s "h1 ei!r because our own condition is less agreeable ?an we w\ld h x1 or because t ( o!rs is m prosp]\s ?an we imag9e !y des]ve8--,ar*bi%op ,seek]4 ,?+s _c *>ge into ! s\l1 or =ce u ^u any op9ions ab\t !m2 !y /& alo( & are quiet4 ,x is our fancy t makes !m op]ate & gall u2 x is we t rate !m1 & give !m _! bulk & value4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #bab4 ,:at is y\r op9ion ( tru?1 good-nature1 & sobriety8 ,d any ( ^! virtues /& 9 ne$ ( a good ^w2 or are !y ! worse = a bad "o8 ,i hope a diamond w %9e ne'er ! less = a man's sil5ce ab\t ! wor? ( x4--,ib41 p4 #di4 ,^? words :i* 7 =m]ly curr5t & prop]1 h n[ become obsolete & b>b>\s4 ,alas6 ?is is n all3 fame t>ni%es 9 "t too2 & m5 gr[ out ( fa%ion1 z well z languages4--,ib41 p4 #ee4 ,o ,luxury6 ?\ curs'd by ,heav5's decree1 ,h[ ill ex*ang'd are ?+s l ^! = !e4--,goldsmi?4 ,o1 !n1 h[ bl9d to all t tru? requires1 ,:o ?9k x fre$om :5 a "p aspires6--,id4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,relatives4 ,at ! same "t t we att5d to ?is pause1 e appe>ance ( s+-song & tone mu/ be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4--,murray's ,engli% ,read]1 p4 xx4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w t _h n cle>ly ! con/ruction ei!r ( a pron\n or ( a conjunction4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #ah?1 on ! ,classes ( ,pron\ns1 ,! ^w t1 or inde$ any o!r ^w1 %\ld nev] be s us$ z to leave ! "p ( spee* unc]ta94 ,!re=e1 ! expression %\ld be alt]$3 ?us1 ,:ile we att5d to ?is pause1 e appe>ance ( s+song mu/ be c>efully avoid$4 ,= ?\ %alt g to all t ,i %all s5d !e4--,j]emiah1 i1 #g2 ,gurney's ,obs41 p4 #bbc4 ,ah6 h[ happy w\ld x h be5 = me1 _h ,i sp5t 9 retirem5t ^! tw5ty-?ree ye>s t ,i h possess$ my k+dom4--,see ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bdb4 ,9 ! same mann] t relative pron\ns & _! antec$5ts are usually p>s$4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,p>se or m5tion all ! o!r n\ns 9 ! p>s+ examples1 9 ! same mann] t y d ! ^w 9 ! =m ( p>s+4--,ib41 p4 #h4 ,! passive v]b w always be ( ! p]son & numb] t ! v]b be is1 ( :i* x is 9 "p compos$4--,ib41 p4 #ec4 ,y h be5 taught t a v]b mu/ always be ( ! same p]son & numb] t its nom9ative is4--,ib41 p4 #fh4 ,a relative pron\n1 also1 mu/ always be ( ! same p]son1 numb]1 & ev5 g5d] t its antec$5t is4--,ib41 p4 #fh4 ,! subsequ5t is always 9 ! same case t ! ^w is1 :i* asks ! "q4--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,"o sometimes repres5ts an antec$5t n\n 9 ! same def9ite mann] t p]sonal pron\ns d4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,! m9d be+ c>ri$ =w>d to ! "t t an ev5t happ5s1 easily conceives x to be pres5t4--,ib41 p4 #ajg4 ,save & sav+ are p>s$ 9 ! same mann] t except & except+ are4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,adv]bs describe1 qualify1 or modify ! mean+ ( a v]b 9 ! same mann] t adjectives d n\ns4--,ib41 p4 #af4 ,! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( v]bs1 is =m$ 9 ! same mann]1 t ! plural numb] ( n\ns is4--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,he sai? fur!r3 't ! apo/les did n anew baptize su* p]sons1 t _h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john4'--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #bib4 ,= we :i* live1 are always deliv]$ unto dea? = ,jesus' sake4--#b ,cor41 iv1 #aa4 ,= !y1 :i* believe 9 ,god1 mu/ be c>eful to ma9ta9 good works4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dca4 ,nor yet ( ^? :i* tea* ?+s :i* !y ought n1 = fil?y lucre's sake4--,ib41 i1 #dce4 ,s z to hold su* b\nd 9 heav51 :om !y b9d on e>?1 & su* loos$ 9 heav51 :om !y loose on e>?4--,ib41 i1 #dgh4 ,n[1 if x be an evil to d any ?+ out ( /rife2 !n su* ?+s t are se5 s to be done1 are !y n to be avoid$ & =sak58--,ib41 i1 #ebb4 ,all su* :o satisfy !mselves n ) ! sup]ficies ( religion4--,ib41 ii1 #bc4 ,& he is ! same 9 sub/ance1 :at he 0 ^u e>?1 bo? 9 _s1 s\l & body4--,ib41 iii1 #ih4 ,& ^? t d n ?us1 are su*1 to :om ! ,*ur* ( ,rome c h no *>ity4--,ib41 iii1 #bjd4 ,be=e 8 book he place? a great li/ ( t he acc\nts ! blasphem\s ass]tions ( ! ,quak]s4--,ib41 iii1 #beg4 ,& ?is is t he %\ld h prov$4--,ib41 iii1 #cbb4 ,?ree ( :i* 7 at t "t actual /ud5ts ( philosophy 9 ! univ]sity4--,ib41 iii1 #ahj4 ,!re=e x is n lawful = any :atsoev] 99 99 99 to =ce ! consci5ces ( o!rs4--,ib41 ii1 #ac4 ,:at is ! cause t ! =m] days 7 bett] ?an ^!8--,eccl41 vii1 #aj4 ,9 ! same mann] t ! t]m my dep5ds on ! "n books4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,9 ! same mann] z ! t]m h\se dep5ds on ! relative ne>4--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,james di$ on ! day t ,h5ry return$4--,ib41 p4 #agg4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,decl5sions4 ,o!r makes ! plural o!rs1 :5 x is f\nd )\t x's sub/antive4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n x's is writt5 ) an apo/rophe4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #be?1 on ! ,decl5sions ( ,pron\ns1 ,! possessive case ( pron\ns %\ld nev] be writt5 ) an apo/rophe4 ,!re=e1 ?is apo/rophe %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 ,o!r makes ! plural o!rs1 :5 x is f\nd )\t its sub/antive4 ,b 81 h]'s1 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s1 h evid5tly ! =m ( ! possessive case4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,to ! ,saxon possessive cases1 hire1 ure1 e[]1 hira1 7t is1 h]'s1 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s17 we h add$ ! s1 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! possessive case ( n\ns4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,^u ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 bo? _!'s & our's4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 #a ,cor41 i1 #b4 ,9 ?is ,place ,8 ,h& is cle>ly pref]able ei!r to ,h]'s or ,x's4 #bbj--;,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ei4 ,t rogui% le] ( y\r's makes a pretty woman's he>t ake4--,,addison3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,le/ by any means ?is lib]ty ( y\r's become a /umbl+-block4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 #a ,cor41 viii1 #i4 ,fir/ p]son3 ,s+4 ,i1 m9e1 me2 ,plur4 we1 our's1 u4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,second p]son3 ,s+4 ?\1 ?9e1 !e2 ,plur4 ye or y1 y\r's1 y4--,ib4 ,?ird p]son3 ,s+4 %e1 h]'s1 h]2 ,plur4 !y1 _!'s1 !m4--,ib4 ,s %all ye s]ve /rang]s 9 a l& t is n y\r's4--,,scott ,,et ,,al43 ,j]41 v1 #ai4 ,second p]son1 ,s+ul>3 ,nom4 ?\ or y1 ,poss4 ?9e or y\rs1 ,obj4 !e or y4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,second p]son1 ,dual3 ,nom4 ,gyt1 ye two2 ,g54 ,inc]1 ( ye two2 ,dat4 ,inc1 incrum1 to ye two2 ,acc4 ,inc1 ye two2 ,voc4 ,eala inc1 ,o ye two2 ,abl4 ,inc1 incrum1 f ye two4--,gwill's ,saxon ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,second p]son1 ,plural2 ,nom4 ,ge1 ye2 ,g54 ,e[]1 ( ye2 ,dat4 ,e[1 to ye2 ,acc4 ,e[1 ye2 ,voc4 ,eala ge1 ,o ye2 ,abl4 ,e[1 f ye4--,ib4 7writt5 9 #ahbi47 ,^! words are1 m9e1 ?9e1 81 h]'s1 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s1 & ^:4--,c>dell's ,essay1 p4 #hh4 ,?is h\se is our's1 & t is y\r's4 ,_!'s is v commodi\s4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,& !y %all eat up ?9e h>ve/1 & ?y bread3 !y %all eat up ?y flocks & ?9e h]ds4--,j]emiah1 v1 #ag4 ,:oev] & ,:i*ev] are ?us decl9$4 ,s+4 & ,plu4 nom4 :oev]1 poss4 :oseev]1 obj4 :omev]4 ,s+4 & ,plu4 nom4 :i*ev]1 poss4 :oseev]1 obj4 :i*ev]4--,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns are ?us decl9$2 ,s+4 ,n4 ,myself1 ,p4 my-own1 ,o4 myself2 ,plur4 ,n4 ourselves1 ,p4 our-own1 ,o4 ourselves4 ,s+4 ,n4 ,?yself or y\rself1 ,p4 ?y-own or y\r-own1 ,o4 ?yself or y\rself2 c4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,e "o ( u1 ea* = hisself1 lab\r$ h[ to recov] him4--,,sidney3 9 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,unless :5 ideas ( _! opposites manife/ly sugge/ _! selves4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #di4 ,x n only exi/s 9 "t1 b is "t its self4--,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,a position :i* ! action its self w palpably d5y4--,ib41 p4 #ajb4 ,a difficulty sometimes pres5ts its self4--,ib41 p4 #afe4 ,!y are sometimes explanations 9 _! selves4--,ib41 p4 #bdi4 ,our's1 ,y\r's1 ,_!'s1 ,h]'s1 ,x's4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,_!'s ! wild *ace ( false felicities3 ,81 ! compos'd possession ( ! true4 --,murray's ,e4 ,read]1 p4 #baf4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,x is ! boa/ ( ,am]icans1 )\t di/9ction ( p>ties1 t _! gov]nm5t is ! mo/ free & p]fect1 :i* exi/s on ! e>?4--,dr4 ,all5's ,lectures1 p4 #ah4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! relative :i* is "h int5d$ to be tak5 9 a re/rictive s5se4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #bf?1 on ! ,classes ( ,pron\ns1 7& o!rs t foll[ x17 ! ^w :o or :i*1 ) a comma be=e x1 does n usually limit ! prec$+ t]m4 ,!re=e1 :i* %\ld be t1 & ! comma %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1--t _! gov]nm5t is ! mo/ free & p]fect t exi/s on ! e>?4 ,*ildr51 :o are dutiful to _! p>5ts1 enjoy great prosp]ity4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,! s*ol>1 :o improves 8 "t1 sets an example wor?y ( imitation4--,ib41 p4 #fi4 ,n\ns & pron\ns1 :i* signify ! same p]son1 place1 or ?+1 agree 9 case4--,coop]'s ,gram41 p4 #aae4 ,an int]rogative s5t5ce is "o1 :i* asks a "q4--,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,9 ! use ( words & phrases1 :i* 9 po9t ( "t relate to ea* o!r1 a due reg>d to t relation %\ld be obs]v$4--,ib41 p4 #adf2 see ,l4 ,murray's ,rule xiii4 ,! same obs]vations1 :i* h be5 made respect+ ! effect ( ! article & p>ticiple1 appe> to be applicable to ! pron\n & p>ticiple4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,! reason t !y h n ! same use ( !m 9 read+1 may be trac$ to ! v defective & errone\s me?od1 9 :i* ! art ( read+ is taught4--,ib41 p4 #beb4 ,s9ce ! "t t reason began to ex]t h] p[]s1 ?\ght1 dur+ our wak+ h\rs1 has be5 active 9 e brea/1 )\t a mom5t's susp5sion or pause4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bga2 ,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #bab4 ,9 speak+ ( su* :o greatly delight 9 ! same4--,notes to ,dunciad1 #agg4 ,except su* to :om ! k+ %all hold out ! gold5 sceptre1 t he may live4--,e/h]1 iv1 #aa4--;,b ! same day t ,lot w5t out ( ,sodom1 x ra9$ fire & brim/one f heav51 & de/roy$ !m all4--,luke1 xvii1 #bi4 ,9 ! next place ,i w expla9 sev]al cases ( n\ns & pron\ns :i* h n yet come "u our notice4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #abi4 ,?ree natural di/9ctions ( "t are all :i* c exi/4--,rail's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,we h exhibit$ su* only z are obvi\sly di/9ct2 & :i* seem to be suffici5t1 & n m ?an suffici5t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fh2 ,hall's1 #ad4 ,?is po9t encloses a "p ( a s5t5ce :i* may be omitt$ )\t mat]ially injur+ ! connexion ( ! o!r memb]s4--,hall's ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,consonants are lett]s1 :i* _c be s\nd$ )\t ! aid ( a ,v[el4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,words are n simple s\nds1 b s\nds1 :i* convey a mean+ to ! m9d4--,ib41 p4 #af4 ,nature's po/ures are always easy2 & :i* is m1 no?+ b y\r own w c put y out ( !m4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #aig4 ,!re=e ought we to exam9e our ownselves1 & prove our ownselves4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dbf4 ,c]ta9ly x _h be5 mu* m natural1 to h divid$ ,active ,v]bs into ,imman5t1 or su* ^: ,action is t]m9at$ 9 x self1 & ,transi5t1 or su* ^: ,action is t]m9at$ 9 some?+ )\t x self4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bgc4 ,?is is su* an advantage :i* no o!r lexicon w af=d4--,,dr4 ,,taylor3 9 ,pike's ,lex41 p4 iv4 ,= ^! reasons1 su* lib]ties are tak5 9 ! ,hebrew tongue ) ^? words z are ( ! mo/ g5]al & frequ5t use4--,pike's ,heb4 ,lexicon1 p4 #ahd4 ,at ! same "t t we object to ! laws1 :i* ! antiqu>ian 9 language w\ld impose ^u u1 we mu/ ent] our prote/ aga9/ ^? au?ors1 :o are too fond ( innovations4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #acf4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,v]bs4 ,a ,v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u3 z1 ,i am1 ,i rule1 ,i am rul$2 ,i love1 ?\ love/1 he loves4 ,,v]bs are s call$1 f ! ,lat9 ,v]bum1 a ,^w2 because ! v]b is t ^w :i* mo/ ess5tially conta9s :at is said 9 any clause or s5t5ce4 ,an ,engli% v]b has f\r ,,*ief ,,t]ms1 or ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts1 ev] ne$ful to be asc]ta9$ 9 ! fir/ place2 namely1 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,pret]it1 ! ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple1 & ! ,p]fect ,p>ticiple4 ,! ,pres5t is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* is ! root ( all ! re/2 ! v]b itself2 or t simple t]m :i* we %\ld look = 9 a diction>y3 z1 be1 act1 rule1 love1 def5d1 t]m9ate4 ,! ,pret]it is t simple =m ( ! v]b1 :i* d5otes "t pa/2 & :i* is always connect$ ) "s n\n or pron\n1 d5ot+ ! subject ( ! ass]tion3 z1 ,i 01 ,i act$1 ,i rul$1 ,i lov$1 ,i def5d$4 ,! ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple is t :i* ends commonly#bba 9 +1 & implies a cont9uance ( ! be+1 action1 or passion3 z1 be+1 act+1 rul+1 lov+1 def5d+1 t]m9at+4 ,! ,p]fect ,p>ticiple is t :i* ends commonly 9 ed or en1 & implies a completion ( ! be+1 action1 or passion3 z1 be51 act$1 rul$1 lov$4 ,,classes4 ,v]bs are divid$1 ) respect to _! =m1 into f\r classes2 regul> & irregul>1 r$undant & defective4 ,i4 ,a regul> v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed2 z1 love1 lov$1 lov+1 lov$4 ,,ii4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed2 z1 see1 saw1 see+1 se54 ,,iii4 ,a r$undant v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it or ! p]fect p>ticiple 9 two or m ways1 & s z to be bo? regul> & irregul>2 z1 ?rive1 ?riv$ or ?rove1 ?riv+1 ?riv$ or ?riv54 ,,iv4 ,a defective v]b is a v]b t =ms no p>ticiples1 & is us$ 9 b few ( ! moods & t5ses2 z1 bew>e1 ought1 quo?4 ,v]bs are divid$ aga91 ) respect to _! signification1 into f\r classes2 active-transitive1 active-intransitive1 passive1 & neut]4 ,i4 ,an active-transitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action :i* has "s p]son or ?+ = its object2 z1 ,ca9 slew ,abel4--,cassius lov$ ,brutus4 ,,ii4 ,an active-intransitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action :i* has no p]son or ?+ = its object2 z1 ,john walks4--,jesus wept4 ,,iii4 ,a4 passive v]b is a v]b t repres5ts its subject1 or :at ! nom9ative expresses1 z be+ act$ ^u2 z1 ,i am compell$4--,cs> 0 sla94 ,,iv4 ,a neut] v]b is a v]b t expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b simply be+1 or a /ate ( be+2 z1 ,!re 0 light4--,! babe sleeps4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,s v>i\s h be5 ! views ( our gramm>ians1 respect+ ?is complex & mo/ important "p ( spee*1 t almo/ e ?+ t is conta9$ 9 any !ory or di/ribution ( ! ,engli% v]bs1 may be consid]$ a matt] ( op9ion & ( dispute4 ,nay1 ! ess5tial nature ( a v]b1 9 ,univ]sal ,gramm>1 has nev] yet be5 det]m9$ by any receiv$ def9ition t c be consid]$ unobjectionable4 ,! greate/ & mo/ acute philologi/s confess t a faultless def9ition ( ?is "p ( spee*1 is difficult1 if n impossible1 to be =m$4 ,horne ,tooke1 at ! close ( 8 ,div]sions ( ,purley1 cites ) contempt ne>ly a doz5 diff]5t attempts at a def9ition1 "s ,lat91 "s ,engli%1 "s ,fr5*2 !n1 ) ! abruptness ( affect$ disgu/1 breaks (f ! catalogue & ! conv]sation toge!r1 leav+ 8 read]s to guess1 if !y c1 :at he conceiv$ a v]b to be4 ,he might h add$ "s scores ( o!rs1 & probably w\ld h be5 z little satisfi$ ) any "o ( !m4 ,a def9ition l t :i* is giv5 above1 may answ] 9 "s degree ! purpose ( di/9ction2 b1 aft] all1 we mu/ judge :at is1 & :at is n a v]b1 *iefly f our own obs]vation ( ! s5se & use ( words4#bbb ,,obs4 #b4--,:e!r p>ticiples ought to be call$ v]bs or n1 is a "q t has be5 mu* disput$1 & is /ill v>i\sly decid$2 nor is x possible to settle x 9 any way n liable to "s s]i\s objections4 ,! same may p]haps be said ( all ! =ms call$ inf9itives4 ,if ! ess5ce ( a v]b be made to consi/ 9 affirmation1 pr$ication1 or ass]tion1 7z x is 9 _m gramm>s17 nei!r inf9itives nor p>ticiples c be reckon$ v]bs1 )\t a manife/ brea* ( ! def9ition4 ,yet are ! =m] almo/ univ]sally treat$ z v]bs1 & by "s z ! only pure v]bs2 nor d all d5y !m ?is rank1 :o say t affirmation is ess5tial to a v]b4 ,p>ticiples1 :5 unconnect$ ) auxili>ies1 are mo/ commonly consid]$ a sep>ate "p ( spee*2 b 9 ! =mation ( _m ( our moods & t5ses1 we take !m z con/itu5t p>ts ( ! v]b4 ,if !re is absurdity 9 ?is1 !re is m 9 und]tak+ to avoid x2 & ! inconv5i5ce %\ld be submitt$ to1 s9ce x am\nts to little or no?+ 9 practice4 ,) auxili>ies1 !n1 p>ticiples are v]bs3 )\t auxili>ies1 !y are n v]bs1 b =m a sep>ate "p ( spee*4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! numb] ( v]bs 9 our language1 am\nts unque/ionably to f\r or five ?\s&2 "s say1 7p]haps truly17 to eight ?\s&4 ,all ^!1 :atev] be ! numb]1 are confess$ly regul> 9 _! =mation1 except ab\t two hundr$4 ,=1 ?\gh ! catalogues 9 our gramm>s give ! numb] some:at v>i\sly1 all ! irregul>1 r$undant1 & defective v]bs1 put toge!r1 are commonly reckon$ few] ?an two hundr$4 ,i admit1 9 all1 two hundr$ & n9ete54 ,! regul> v]bs1 !re=e1 are va/ly m num]\s ?an ^? :i* deviate f ! /at$ =m4 ,b1 s9ce _m ( ! latt] are words ( v frequ5t occurr5ce1 ! irregul> v]bs appe> exce$+ly num]\s 9 practice1 & consequ5tly require a great deal ( att5tion4 ,! defective v]bs be+ v few1 & mo/ ( ^! few be+ m]e auxili>ies1 :i* are nev] p>s$ sep>ately1 !re is little occasion to treat !m z a di/9ct class2 ?\gh ,murray & o!rs h rank$ !m s1 & p]haps x is be/ to foll[ _! example4 ,! r$undant v]bs1 :i* are regul> 9 "o =m & irregul> 9 an o!r1 be+ ( c\rse always f\nd writt5 ei!r "o way or ! o!r1 z ea* au?or *ooses1 may be1 & commonly h be51 ref]r$ 9 p>s+ to ! class ( regul> or irregul> v]bs accord+ly4 ,b1 z _! numb] is consid]able1 & _! "* peculi>1 !re may be "s advantage 9 mak+ !m a sep>ate class4 ,besides1 ! def9ition ( an irregul> v]b1 z giv5 9 any ( our gramm>s1 seems to exclude all su* z may =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,9 mo/ gramm>s & diction>ies1 v]bs are divid$1 ) respect to _! signification1 into ?ree classes only2 active1 passive1 & neut]4 ,9 su* a division1 ! class ( active v]bs includes ^? only :i* are active-transitive1 & all ! active-intransitive v]bs are call$ neut]4 ,b1 9 ! division adopt$ above1 active-intransitive v]bs are made a di/9ct class2 & ^? only are reg>d$ z neut]1 :i* imply a /ate ( exi/5ce )\t action4 ,:51 !re=e1 we speak ( v]bs )\t ref]5ce to _! regim51 we may1 if we please1 apply ! simple t]m active to all ^? :i* express action1 :e!r transitive or intransitive4 ,we act :5ev] we d any ?+2 b we may act )\t do+ any ?+4--,crabb's ,synonymes4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,among ! _m ,engli% gramm>s 9 :i* v]bs are divid$1 z above m5tion$1 into active1 passive1 & neut]1 only1 are ^? ( ! foll[+ writ]s3 ,l[?1 ,murray1 ,a9swor?1 ,ald51 ,all51 ,alg]1 ,bacon1 ,bicknell1 ,blair1 ,bullions1 7at fir/17 ,*>les ,adams1 ,bucke1 ,cobbett1 ,cobb91 ,dilwor?1 ,a4 ,fl9t1 ,fro/1 7at fir/17 ,gre5leaf1 ,hall1 ,johnson1#bbc ,l5nie1 ,picket1 ,pond1 ,sanborn1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?1 & ,wright4 ,^! au?ors1 & _m m1 agree1 t1 ,a v]b neut] expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b be+1 or a /ate ( be+4--,l4 ,murray4 ,yet1 accord+ to _! s*eme1 su* words z walk1 run1 fly1 /rive1 /ruggle1 wre/le1 cont5d1 are v]bs neut]4 ,9 view ( ?is palpable absurdity1 ,i _c b ?9k x 0 a useful improvem5t ^u ! once popul> s*eme ( ,engli% gramm>1 to make active-intransitive v]bs a di/9ct class1 & to apply ! t]m neut] to ^? few only :i* accord ) ! =ego+ def9ition4 ,?is _h be5 done be=e ! days ( ,l9dley ,murray1 z may be se5 9 ,bu*anan's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #ef1 & 9 ! old ,briti% ,gramm>1 p4 #aec1 ea* publi%$ _m ye>s be=e ! appe>ance ( 8 "w2#bbd & x has (t5 be5 done s9ce1 & is pref]r$ ev5 by _m ( ! pr(ess$ admir]s & foll[]s ( ,murray2 z may be se5 9 ! gramm>s ( ,comly1 ,fisk1 ,m]*ant1 ,kirkham1 & o!rs4 ,,obs4 #f4--,murray himself quotes ?is improv$ di/ribution1 & ) "s appe>ance ( approbation2 b /rangely imag9es x mu/ ne$s be inconv5i5t 9 practice4 ,_h he be5 a s*oolma/]1 he c\ld h>dly h s judg$4 ,he says1 ,v]bs h be5 di/+ui%$ by "s writ]s1 into ! foll[+ k9ds3-- #a/4 ,active-transitive1 or ^? :i* d5ote an action t passes f ! ag5t to "s object3 z1 ,cs> conqu]$ ,pompey4 #b;d4 ,active-intransitive1 or ^? :i* express t k9d ( action1 :i* has no effect ^u any ?+ beyond itself3 z1 ,cs> walk$4 #c;d4 ,passive1 or ^? :i* express1 n action1 b passion1 :e!r pleas+ or pa9ful3 z1 ,portia 0 lov$2 ,pompey 0 conqu]$4 #d?4 ,neut]1 or ^? :i* express an attribute t consi/s nei!r 9 action nor passion3 z1 ,cs> /ood4 ,?is appe>s to be an ord]ly arrangem5t4 ,b if ! class ( active-intransitive v]bs 7 admitt$1 x w\ld r p]plex ?an assi/ ! le>n]3 = ! diff]5ce betwe5 v]bs active & neut]1 z transitive & intransitive is easy & obvi\s3 b ! diff]5ce betwe5 v]bs absolutely neut] & ^? :i* are intransitively active1 is n always cle>4 ,x is1 inde$1 (t5 v difficult1 if n impossible to be asc]ta9$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #fj4bbe ,,obs4 #g4--,! foll[+ note1 f a book writt5 on purpose to apply ! pr9ciples ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 & ( ,all5's1 7! two be/ ( ! =ego+ two doz517 may s]ve z an (fset to ! reason above assign$ = reject+ ! class ( active-intransitive v]bs3 ,x is possible t "s tea*]s may look ^u ! nice di/9ction "h made1 betwe5 ! active transitive & ! active intransitive v]bs1 z totally unnecess>y4 ,!y may1 p]haps1 rank ! latt] ) ! neut] v]bs4 ,! au?or _h 8 *oice ( difficulties3 on ! "o h&1 he 0 aw>e t 8 arrangem5t might n suit ! views ( ! above-m5tion$ p]sons2 &1 on ! o!r1 he 0 s s5sible ( ! inaccuracy ( _! sy/em1 & ( its cla%+ ) ! def9itions1 z well z rules1 laid d[n 9 almo/ e gramm>1 t he 0 unwill+ to br+ be=e ! public a "w conta9+ s well-kn[n & manife/ an error4 ,( :at use c ,murray's def9ition ( ! active v]b be1 to "o :o endeav\rs to prove ! propriety ( ?us assign+ an epi!t to ! v>i\s p>ts ( spee*1 9 ! c\rse ( p>s+8 ,he says1 ',a v]b active expresses an action1 & necess>ily implies an ag5t1 & an object act$ ^u4' ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ',william ha/5s away1' ! active intransitive v]b ha/5s has inde$ an ag5t1 ',william1' b :]e is ! object8 ,aga91 he says1 ',active v]bs gov]n ! objective case2' al?\gh x is cle> x is n ! active mean+ ( ! v]b :i* requires ! objective case1 b ! transitive1 & t only4 ,he adds1 ',a v]b neut] expresses nei!r action1 nor passion1 b be+1 or a /ate ( be+2' & ! accuracy ( ?is def9ition is borne out by ! ass5t ( p]haps e o!r gramm>ian4 ,if1 ) ?is cle> & =cible def9ition be=e our eyes1 we proce$ to class active intransitive v]bs ) neut] v]bs1 & direct our pupils to prove su* a classification by recit+ ,murray's def9ition ( ! neut] v]b1 we may inde$ expect f a ?9k+ pupil ! remon/rance :i* 0 actually made to a tea*] on t sy/em1 :ile p>s+ ! v]b 'to run4' ',sir1' asks ! boy1 'does n to run imply action1 = x always makes me p]spire8'--,nixon's ,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #i4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,= ! consid]ation ( ^? classical s*ol>s :o may ?9k we are b\nd by ! au?ority ( g5]al usage1 to adh]e to ! old division ( v]bs into active1 passive1 & neut]1 x may be prop] to say1 t ! di/ribution ( ! v]bs 9 ,lat91 has be5 z mu* a matt] ( dispute among ! great gramm>ians ( t language1 z has ! di/ribution ( ,engli% v]bs1 m rec5tly1 among ourselves2 & (t5 ! po9ts at issue 7 precisely ! same4#bbf ,to expla9 "h ! diff]5t views ( ! v old gramm>ians1 z ,*>isius1 ,donatus1 ,s]vius1 ,priscian2 or ev5 to notice ! op9ions ( lat] critics1 z ,sanctius1 ,scioppius1 ,vossius1 ,p]izonius2 might seem p]haps a ne$less dep>ture f :at ! /ud5t ( m]e ,engli% gramm> is conc]n$ to "k4 ,! curi\s1 h[ev]1 may f9d int]e/+ citations f all ^! au?ors1 "u ! correspond+ head1 9 "s ( our ,lat9 gramm>s4 ,see ,prat's ,grammatica ,lat9a1 #hvo1 ,london1 #agbb4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! division ( active v]bs1 into transitive & intransitive--or1 7:at is ! same ?+17 into absolute & transitive--or1 into imman5t & transi5t--is ( a v anci5t date4 ,! notion ( call+ passive v]bs transitive1 :5 us$ 9 _! ord9>y & prop] con/ruction1 z "s n[ d1 is1 ,i ?9k1 a mod]n "o1 & no small error4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,dr4 ,adam's di/ribution ( v]bs1 is app>5tly ! same z ! fir/ "p ( ,murray's2 & 8 def9itions are also 9 ne>ly ! same words4 ,b he adds1 ,! v]b ,active is also call$ ,transitive1 :5 ! action passe? ov] to ! object1 or ha? an effect on "s o!r ?+2 z1 scribo lit]as1 ,i write lett]s3 b :5 ! action is conf9$ )9 ! ag5t1 & passe? n ov] to any object1 x is call$ ,intransitive2 z1 ambulo1 ,i walk2 curro1 ,i run3 fi/ :i* are likewise call$ ,neut] ,v]bs4--,adam's ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,b he _h j be=e said1 ,a ,neut] v]b prop]ly expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b simply ! be+1 /ate1 or condition ( ?+s2 z1 dormio1 ,i sleep2 s$eo1 ,i sit4--,ibid4 ,v]bs ( motion or action1 !n1 mu/ ne$s be z improp]ly call$ neut]1 9 ,lat91 z 9 ,engli%4 ,nor is ?is au?or's arrangem5t ord]ly 9 o!r respects2 = he treats ( ,depon5t & ,common ,v]bs1 ( ,irregul> ,v]bs1 ( ,defective ,v]bs1 & ( ,imp]sonal ,v]bs1 none ( :i* _h he m5tion$ 9 8 di/ribution4 ,nor are ! late revis]s ( 8 gramm> any m me?odical4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! division ( our v]bs into active-transitive1 active-intransitive1 passive1 & neut]1 mu/ be und]/ood to h ref]5ce n only to _! signification z ( !mselves1 b also to _! con/ruction ) respect to ! gov]nm5t ( an objective ^w aft] !m4 ,! latt] is 9 fact _! mo/ important di/9ction1 ?\gh made ) ref]5ce to a diff]5t "p ( spee*4 ,! classical s*ol>1 too1 be+ famili> ) ! =ms ( ,lat9 & ,greek v]bs1 w d\btless ?9k x a conv5i5ce1 to h ! arrangem5t z ne>ly correspond5t to ^? anci5t =ms1 z ! nature ( our language w admit4 ,?is is p]haps ! /ronge/ argum5t = ! recognition ( ! class ( passive v]bs 9 ,engli%4 ,"s gramm>ians1 *oos+ to p>se ! passive p>ticiple sep>ately1 reject ?is class ( v]bs altoge!r2 &1 =m+ _! division ( ! re/ ) ref]5ce to ! con/ruction alone1 make b two classes1 transitive & intransitive4 ,su* is ! di/ribution adopt$ by ,c4 ,alex&]1 ,d4 ,adams1 ,b+ham1 ,*&l]1 ,e4 ,cobb1 ,h>rison1 ,nutt+1 & ,john ,peirce2 & support$ also by "s ,briti% writ]s1 among :om are ,mc,culloch & ,grant4 ,su* too 0 ! di/ribution ( ,web/]1 9 8 ,pla9 & ,compreh5sive ,gramm>1 z publi%$ 9 #ahjj4 ,he !n taught3 ,we h no passive v]b 9 ! language2 & ^? :i* are call$ neut] are mo/ly active4--,page #ad4 ,b subsequ5tly1 9 8 ,philosophical1 ,abridg$1 & ,improv$ ,gramm>s1 he recogniz$ a m natural & compreh5sive division ( v]bs1 transitive1 intransitive1 & passive4--,web/]'s ,rudim5ts1 p4 #bj4 ,?is1 9 reality1 diff]s b little f ! old division into active1 passive1 & neut]4 ,9 "s gramm>s ( rec5t date1 z ,*ur*ill's1 ,r4 ,w4 ,bailey's1 ,j4 ,r4 ,br[n's1 ,butl]'s1 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's1 ,frazee's1 ,h>t's1 ,h5drick's1 ,p]ley's1 ,p9neo's1 ,weld's1 ,wells's1 ,mulligan's1 & ! improv$ treatises ( ,bullions & ,fro/1 v]bs are said to be ( two k9ds only1 transitive & intransitive2 b ^! au?ors all[ to transitive v]bs a passive =m1 or passive voice1--absurdly mak+ all passive v]bs transitive1 & all neut]s intransitive1 z if action 7 express$ by bo?4 ,= ?is mo/ faulty classification1 ,dr4 ,bullions pret5ds ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,web/]2 & ,frazee1 t ( ,web/]1 ,bullions1 & o!rs4--,frazee's ,gram41 ,/]4 ,ed41 p4 #cj4 ,b if ,dr4 ,web/] ev] taught ! absurd doctr9e t passive v]bs are transitive1 he has contradict$ x f> too mu* to h any weight 9 its fav\r4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,dalton makes only two classes2 & ^! he w h to be active & passive3 an arrangem5t = :i* he might h quot$ ,scalig]1 ,sanctius1 & ,scioppius4 ,a% & ,co> recognize b two1 :i* !y call active & neut]4 ,?is 0 also ! s*eme ( ,bullions1 9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 #d? ,edition1 #ahdb4 ,prie/ley & ,maund] h two1 :i* !y call transitive & neut]2 b ,maund]1 l "s nam$ above1 w h transitive v]bs to be susceptible ( an active & a passive voice1 & ,prie/ley virtually ass]ts ! same4 ,coop]1 ,day1 ,davis1 ,haz51 ,hiley1 ,web/]1 ,wells1 79 8 #a/ ,edition17 & ,wilcox4 h ?ree classes2 transitive1 intransitive1 & passive4 ,s&]s's ,gramm> has ?ree2 ,transitive1 ,intransitive1 & ,neut]2 & two voices1 bo? transitive6 ,jaudon has f\r3 transitive1 intransitive1 auxili>y1 & passive4 ,burn has f\r2 active1 passive1 neut]1 & sub/antive4 ,c>dell lab\rs h>d to prove t all v]bs are bo? active & transitive2 & = ?is1 _h he desir$ _! aid1 he might h cit$ sev]al anci5t au?orities4#bbg ,cutl] av]s1 ,all v]bs are active2 yet he divides !m into active transitive1 active intransitive1 & p>ticipial v]bs4--,gramm> & ,p>s]1 p4 #ca4 ,"s gramm>ians1 appe>+ to ?9k all ! =ego+ modes ( division useless1 attempt no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,william ,w>d1 9 #agfe1 reject$ all su* classification1 b recogniz$ ?ree voices2 ,active1 ,passive1 & ,middle2 z1 ,i call1 ,i am call$1 ,i am call+4 ,f>num1 9 #ahdb1 ackn[l$g$ ! fir/ two ( ^! voices1 b made no division ( v]bs into classes4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,if we admit ! class ( active-intransitive v]bs1 t ( v]bs neut] w unque/ionably be v small4 ,& ?is refutes ,murray's objection1 t ! le>n] w (t5 be puzzl$ to "k :i* is :i*4 ,nor c x be ( any consequ5ce1 if he happ5 9 "s in/ances to decide wrong4 ,to be1 to exi/1 to rema91 to seem1 to lie1 to sleep1 to re/1 to belong1 to app]ta91 & p]haps a few m1 may be/ be call$ neut]2 ?\gh "s gramm>ians1 z may be inf]r$ f :at is said above1 d5y t !re are any neut] v]bs 9 any language4 ,v]ba ,neutra1 ait ,sanctius1 nullo pacto esse possunt2 quia1 te/e ,ari/otele1 omnis motus1 actio1 vel passio1 nihil m$ium e/4--,prat's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,john ,grant1 9 8 ,in/itutes ( ,lat9 ,gramm>1 recognizes 9 ! v]bs ( t language ! di/9ction :i* ,murray supposes to be s v difficult 9 ^? ( our own2 &1 )\t fall+ into ! error ( ,sanctius1 or ( ,lily1#bbh respect+ neut] v]bs1 judici\sly conf9es ! t]m to su* z are neut] 9 reality4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,active-transitive v]bs1 9 ,engli%1 g5]ally require1 t ! ag5t or do] ( ! action be express$ be=e !m 9 ! nom9ative case1 & ! object or receiv] ( ! action1 aft] !m 9 ! objective2 z1 ,cs> conqu]$ ,pompey4 ,passive v]bs1 :i* are nev] primitives1 b always d]iv$ f active-transitive v]bs1 79 ord] to =m s5t5ces ( l import f natural opposites 9 voice & s5se17 rev]se ?is ord]1 *ange ! cases ( ! n\ns1 & d5ote t ! subject1 nam$ be=e !m1 is affect$ by ! action2 :ile ! ag5t foll[s1 be+ introduc$ by ! preposition by3 z1 ,pompey 0 conqu]$ by ,cs>4 ,b1 z our passive v]b always consi/s ( two or m sep>able p>ts1 ?is ord] is liable to be v>i$1 especially 9 poetry2 z1 ,h[ _m ?+s by season season$ are ,to _! "r praise & true p]fection6--,%akspe>e4 ,exp]i5ce is by indu/ry a*iev$1 ,& p]fect$ by ! swift c\rse ( "t4--,id4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,mo/ active v]bs may be us$ ei!r transitively or intransitively4 ,active v]bs are transitive :5ev] !re is any p]son or ?+ express$ or cle>ly impli$ on :i* ! action t]m9ates2 z1 ,i knew him well1 & e truant knew4--,goldsmi?4 ,:5 !y d n gov]n su* an object1 !y are intransitive1 :atev] may be _! p[] on o!r occasions2 z1 ,! gr& elem5t>y pr9ciples ( pleasure1 by :i* he kn[s1 & feels1 & lives1 & moves4--,wordswor?'s ,pref41 p4 xxiii4 ,! ,fa!r orig9ates & elects4 ,! ,son m$iates & atones4 ,! ,holy ,_s reg5]ates & sanctifies4--,gurney's ,portable ,evid5ces1 p4 #ff4 ,spectators rem>k1 judges decide1 p>ties wat*4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bga4 ,9 a s]mon1 a prea*] may expla91 demon/rate1 inf]1 exhort1 admoni%1 com=t4--,alex&]'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,"s v]bs may be us$ 9 ei!r an active or a neut] s5se4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,"h ,i re/1 re/ is a neut] v]b2 b 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,"h ,i re/ my hopes1 re/ is an active-transitive v]b1 & gov]ns hopes4 ,& a few t are always active 9 a grammatical s5se1 z necess>ily requir+ an object aft] !m1 d n always indicate su* an ex]tion ( =ce z we commonly call action4 ,su* p]haps are ! v]bs to h1 to possess1 to owe1 to co/2 z1 ,!y h no w9e4--,! h\se has a portico4--,! man possesses no real e/ate4--,a son owes help & hon\r to 8 fa!r4--,holyday4 ,! picture co/ a cr[n4--,wright1 p4 #aha4 ,yet possibly ev5 ^! may be sometimes r active-intransitive2 z1 ,i c be> my "p2 'tis my occupation3 h at x ) y4--,%akspe>e4 ,k+s h to deal ) _! neighb\rs4--,bacon4 ,%e w let h] in/ructions ent] :]e folly n[ possesses4--,%akspe>e4 ,?\ ha/ des]v'd m love ?an ,i c %[2 ,b 'tis ?y fate to give1 & m9e to owe4--,dryd54 ,,obs4 #af4--;,an active-intransitive v]b1 foll[$ by a preposition & its object1 w sometimes admit ( be+ put into ! passive =m3 ! object ( ! preposition be+ assum$ = ! nom9ative1 & ! preposition itself be+ reta9$ ) ! v]b1 z an adv]b3 z1 7,active17 ,!y laugh$ at him4--7,passive17 ,he 0 laugh$ at4 ,= "s "t ! noncon=mi/s 7 conniv$ at4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dad4 ,e man %all be dealt equitably )4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bab4 ,if a *ur* w\ld be look$ up to1 x mu/ /& high4--,p>k]'s ,idea1 p4 #ae4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,9 "s in/ances1 :at is commonly consid]$ ! active =m ( ! v]b1 is us$ 9 a passive s5se2 &1 /ill (t5]1 z we h no o!r passive =m t s well d5otes cont9uance1 we employ ! p>ticiple 9 + 9 t s5se also3 z1 ,i'll tea* y all :at's ow+ to y\r ,que54--,dryd54 ,t is--:at is due1 or ow$4 ,! books cont9ue sell+2 i4e4 ^u ! sale1 or to be sold4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,s we say ! brass is =g+2 i4e4 at ! =g+1 or 9 be+ =g$4--,ib4 ,!y are to blame2 i4e4 to be blam$4--,ib4 ,h5ce "s gramm>ians seem to ?9k1 t 9 our language ! di/9ction betwe5 active & passive v]bs is ( little consequ5ce3 ,mr4 ,grant1 h[ev]1 obs]ves1 p4 #fe1 ',! compon5t p>ts ( ! ,engli% v]b1 or "n ( action1 are few1 simple1 & natural2 !y1 consi/ ( ?ree words1 z pl\gh1 pl\gh+1 pl\gh$4 ,n[ ^! words1 & _! inflections1 may be employ$ ei!r actively or passively4 ,actively1 ',!y pl\gh ! fields2 !y are pl\gh+ ! fields2 !y pl\gh$1 or h pl\gh$1 ! fields4' ,passively1 ',! fields pl\gh well2 ! fields are pl\gh+2 ! fields are pl\gh$4' ,?is passive use ( ! pres5t t5se & p>ticiple is1 h[ev]1 re/rict$ to :at he d5om9ates 'v]bs ( ext]nal1 mat]ial1 or me*anical action2' & n to be ext5d$ to v]bs ( s5sation & p]ception2 e4g4 love1 feel1 see1 c4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,,modifications4 ,v]bs h modifications ( f\r k9ds2 namely1 ,moods1 ,t5ses1 ,p]sons & ,numb]s4 ,,moods4 ,moods #bbi are diff]5t =ms ( ! v]b1 ea* ( :i* expresses ! be+1 action1 or passion1 9 "s p>ticul> mann]4 ,!re are five moods2 ! ,inf9itive1 ! ,indicative1 ! ,pot5tial1 ! ,subjunctive1 & ! ,imp]ative4 ,! ,inf9itive mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* expresses ! be+1 action1 or passion1 9 an unlimit$ mann]1 & )\t p]son or numb]3 z1 ,to die1--to sleep2--,to sleep6--p]*ance1 to dream6 ,! ,indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+3 z1 ,i write2 y "k3 or asks a "q2 z1 ,d y "k8--,"k ye n8 ,! ,pot5tial mood is t =m ( ! v]b :i* expresses ! p[]1 lib]ty1 possibility1 or necessity1 ( ! be+1 action1 or passion3 z1 ,i c walk2 he may ride2 we mu/ g4 ,! ,subjunctive mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* repres5ts ! be+1 action1 or passion1 z conditional1 d\btful1 & cont+5t3 z1 ,if ?\ g1 see t ?\ (f5d n4--,see ?\ d x n4--,rev41 xix1 #aj4 ,! ,imp]ative mood is t =m ( ! v]b :i* is us$ 9 comm&+1 exhort+1 entreat+1 or p]mitt+3 z1 ,dep>t ?\4--,be com=t$4--,=give me4--,g 9 peace4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! ,inf9itive mood is s call$ 9 opposition to ! o!r moods1 9 :i* ! v]b is said to be f9ite4 ,9 all ! o!r moods1 ! v]b has a /rict connexion1 & necess>y agreem5t 9 p]son & numb]1 ) "s subject or nom9ative1 express$ or und]/ood2 b ! inf9itive is ! m]e v]b1 )\t any su* agreem5t1 & has no p[] ( complet+ s5se ) a n\n4 ,9 ! nature ( ?+s1 h[ev]1 all be+1 action1 or passion1 n contemplat$ ab/ractly z a ?+1 belongs to some?+ t is1 or acts1 or is act$ ^u4 ,accord+ly inf9itives h1 9 mo/ in/ances1 a ref]5ce to "s subject ( ?is k9d2 ?\gh _! grammatical dep5d5ce connects !m m frequ5tly ) "s o!r t]m4 ,! inf9itive mood1 9 ,engli%1 is di/+ui%$ by ! preposition to2 :i*1 ) a few exceptions1 imm$iately prec$es x1 & may be said to gov]n x4 ,9 diction>ies1 & gramm>s1 to is (t5 us$ z a m]e index1 to di/+ui% v]bs f ! o!r p>ts ( spee*4 ,b ?is little ^w has no m claim to be rank$ z a "p ( ! v]b1 ?an has ! conjunction if1 :i* is ! sign ( ! subjunctive4 ,x is ! nature ( a preposition1 to %[ ! relation ( diff]5t ?+s1 ?\ghts1 or words1 to ea* o!r2 & ?is sign ( ! inf9itive may well be pursu$ sep>ately z a preposition1 s9ce 9 mo/ in/ances x manife/ly %[s ! relation betwe5 ! inf9itive v]b & "s o!r t]m4 ,besides1 by mo/ ( our gramm>ians1 ! pres5t t5se ( ! inf9itive mood is decl>$ to be ! radical =m ( ! v]b2 b ?is doctr9e mu/ be pla9ly untrue1 ^u ! supposition t ?is t5se is a comp\nd4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! ,indicative mood is s call$ because its *ief use is1 to indicate1 or decl>e positively1 :atev] "o wi%es to say4 ,x is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* we always employ :5 we affirm or d5y any ?+ 9 a direct & indep5d5t mann]4 ,x is m frequ5tly us$1 & has a great] numb] ( t5ses1 ?an any o!r mood2 & is also1 9 our language1 ! only "o 9 :i* ! pr9cipal v]b is v>i$ 9 t]m9ation4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 on all occasions1 conf9$ to its prim>y use2 else x w\ld be simply & only decl>ative4 ,b we use x sometimes int]rogatively1 sometimes conditionally2 & ea* ( ^! uses is diff]5t f a simple decl>ation4 ,inde$1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a "q & an ass]tion is practically v great4 ,h5ce "s ( ! old gramm>ians made ! =m ( inquiry a sep>ate mood1 :i* !y call$ ! ,int]rogative ,mood4 ,b1 z ^! diff]5t expressions are di/+ui%$1 n by any diff]5ce ( =m 9 ! v]b itself1 b m]ely by a diff]5t ord]1 *oice1 or deliv]y ( ! words1 x has be5 f\nd mo/ conv5i5t 9 practice1 to treat !m z "o mood susceptible ( diff]5t s5ses4 ,s1 9 e conditional s5t5ce1 ! prot'asis1 or condition1 diff]s consid]ably f ! apod'osis1 or pr9cipal clause1 ev5 :]e bo? are express$ z facts4 ,h5ce "s ( our mod]n gramm>ians1 by ! help ( a few connectives1 absurdly m]ge a great multitude ( ,indicative or ,pot5tial expressions 9 :at !y call ! ,subjunctive ,mood4 ,b "h aga9 x is bett] to ref] /ill to ! ,indicative or ,pot5tial mood :atsoev] has any prop] sign ( su* mood1 ev5 ?\gh x occur 9 a dep5d5t clause4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! ,pot5tial mood is s call$ because ! lead+ idea express$ by x1 is t ( ! p[] ( p]=m+ "s action4 ,?is mood is kn[n by ! signs may1 c1 mu/1 might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 & %\ld4 ,"s ( ^! auxili>ies convey o!r ideas ?an t ( p[] 9 ! ag5t2 b !re is no occasion to expla9 !m sev]ally "h4 ,! pot5tial mood1 l ! indicative1 may be us$ 9 ask+ a "q2 z1 ,mu/ ,i budge8 mu/ ,i obs]ve y8 mu/ ,i /& & cr\* "u y\r te/y hum\r8--,%akspe>e4 ,no "q c be ask$ 9 any o!r mood ?an ^! two4 ,by "s gramm>ians1 ! pot5tial mood has be5 includ$ 9 ! subjunctive1 because its mean+ is (t5 express$ 9 ,lat9 by :at 9 t language is call$ ! subjunctive4 ,by o!rs1 x has be5 entirely reject$1 because all its t5ses are comp\nd1 & x has be5 ?\ght ! words c\ld z well be p>s$ sep>ately4 ,nei!r ( ^! op9ions is suffici5tly preval5t1 or suffici5tly plausible1 to des]ve a lab\r$ refutation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,james ,:ite1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,engli% ,v]b1 7,london1 #agfa17 divid$ ?is mood into ! foll[+ five3 ! ,elective1 d5ot$ by may or might2 ! ,pot5tial1 by c or c\ld2 ! ,det]m9ative by w\ld2 ! ,obligative1 by %\ld2 & ! ,compulsive1 by mu/4 ,su* a di/ribution is ne$lessly m9ute4 ,mo/ ( ^! c z well be sp>$ z ^? o!r moods1 ,int]rogative1 ,optative1 ,promissive1 ,hortative1 ,precative1 c41 :i* ,murray m5tions only to reject4 ,see 8 ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! ,subjunctive mood is s call$ because x is always subjo9$ to an o!r v]b4 ,x usually d5otes "s d\btful cont+5cy1 or "s supposition contr>y to fact4 ,! mann] ( its dep5d5ce is commonly d5ot$ by "o ( ! foll[+ conjunctions2 if1 t1 ?\gh1 le/1 unless4 ,! indicative & pot5tial moods1 9 all _! t5ses1 may be us$ 9 ! same dep5d5t mann]1 to express any positive or pot5tial condition2 b ?is seems n to be a suffici5t reason = consid]+ !m z p>ts ( ! subjunctive mood4 ,9 %ort1 ! idea ( a subjunctive mood 9 ! indicative =m1 7:i* is adopt$ by ,*&l]1 ,frazee1 ,fisk1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 ,comly1 ,+]soll1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,sanborn1 ,mack1 ,butl]1 ,h>t1 ,weld1 ,p9neo1 & o!rs17 is utt]ly inconsi/5t ) any j notion ( :at a mood is2 & ! sugge/ion1 :i* we frequ5tly meet )1 t ! regul> indicative or pot5tial mood may be ?r[n into ! subjunctive by m]ely prefix+ a conjunction1 is some?+ worse ?an nons5se4 ,inde$1 no mood c ev] be made a "p ( an o!r1 )\t ! grosse/ confusion & absurdity4 ,yet1 /range z x is1 "s celebrat$ au?ors1 misl$ by an if1 h tangl$ toge!r ?ree ( !m1 produc+ su* a sn>l ( t5ses z nev] yet c h be5 und]/ood )\t be+ ?\ght ridicul\s4 ,see ,murray's ,gramm>1 & o!rs t agree ) 8 late editions4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 reg>d to ! numb] & =m ( ! t5ses :i* %\ld con/itute ! subjunctive mood 9 ,engli%1 our gramm>ians are greatly at v>iance2 & "s1 suppos+ its di/9ctive p>ts to be b elliptical =ms ( ! indicative or ! pot5tial1#bcj ev5 d5y ! exi/5ce ( su* a mood altoge!r4 ,on ?is po9t1 ! in/ructions publi%$ by ,l9dley ,murray1 h[ev] comm5d$ & copi$1 are mo/ rem>kably vague & inconsi/5t4#bca ,! e>ly editions ( 8 ,gramm> gave to ?is mood six t5ses1 none ( :i* _h any ( ! p]sonal inflections2 consequ5tly !re 01 9 all ! t5ses1 "s diff]5ce betwe5 x & ! indicative4 ,8 lat] editions1 on ! contr>y1 make ! subjunctive exactly l ! indicative1 except 9 ! pres5t t5se1 & 9 ! *oice ( auxili>ies = ! second-future4 ,bo? ways1 he goes too f>4 ,& :ile at la/ he re/ricts ! di/9ctive =m ( ! subjunctive to n>r[] b\nds ?an he ought1 & argues aga9/1 ,if ?\ lov$1 ,if ?\ knew1 c41 he gives to ?is mood n only ! la/ five t5ses ( ! indicative1 b also all ^? ( ! pot5tial1 ) its multipli$ auxili>ies2 alleg+1 t z ! indicative mood is conv]t$ into ! subjunctive1 by ! expression ( a condition1 motive1 wi%1 supposition1 c4#bcb be+ sup]add$ to x1 s ! pot5tial mood may1 9 l mann]1 be turn$ into ! subjunctive4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,accord+ to ?is1 ! subjunctive mood ( e regul> v]b embraces1 9 "o voice1 z _m z "o hundr$ & ?irty-eight diff]5t expressions2 & x may happ51 t 9 "o s+le t5se a v]b %all h no few] ?an fifte5 diff]5t =ms 9 ea* p]son & numb]4 ,six times fifte5 are n9ety2 & s _m are ! sev]al phrases :i* n[ compose ,murray's plup]fect t5se ( ! subjunctive mood ( ! v]b to /r[--a t5se :i* mo/ gramm>ians v prop]ly reject z ne$less6 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! s*eme n only conf\nds ! moods1 & utt]ly ov]:elms ! le>n] ) its multiplicity1 b condemns z bad ,engli% :at ! au?or himself once adopt$ & taught = ! imp]fect t5se ( ! subjunctive mood1 ,if ?\ lov$1 ,if ?\ knew1 c41 :]e9 he 0 su/a9$ by ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 by ,h>rison1 by ,caleb ,alex&]1 by ,john ,burn1 by ,alex&] ,murray1 ! s*oolma/]1 & by o!rs ( high au?ority4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 inde$1 made ! pret]it subjunctive l ! indicative2 & ?is may h induc$ ! au?or to *ange 8 plan1 & inflect ?is "p ( ! v]b ) /4 ,b ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray1 a great] l+ui/ ?an ei!r ( !m1 v positively decl>es ?is to be wrong3 ,:5 su* words z if1 ?\gh1 unless1 except1 :e!r1 & ! l1 are us$ be=e v]bs1 !y lose _! t]m9ations ( e/1 e?1 & s1 9 ^? p]sons :i* commonly h !m4 ,no speak] ( good ,engli%1 express+ himself conditionally1 says1 ,?\gh ?\ falle/1 or ,?\gh he falls1 b1 ,?\gh ?\ fall1 & ,?\gh he fall2 nor1 ,?\gh ?\ came/1 b1 ,?\gh1 or al?\gh1 ?\ came4--,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ee4 ,,obs4 #f4--,no?+ is m important 9 ! gramm> ( any language1 ?an a k ( ! true =ms ( its v]bs4 ,no?+ is m difficult 9 ! gramm> ( our own1 ?an to le>n1 9 ?is in/ance & "s o!rs1 :at =ms we ought to pref]4 ,yet "s au?ors tell u1 & ,dr4 ,l[? among ! re/1 t our language is wond]fully simple & easy4 ,p]haps x is s4 ,b d n its simplicity & facility appe> greate/ to ^? :o "k lea/ ab\t x8--i4e41 lea/ ( its gramm>1 & lea/ ( its hi/ory8 ,9 cit+ a passage f ! eighte5? *apt] ( ,ezekiel1 ,"l ,kames has tak5 ! lib]ty to *ange ! ^w ha? to h sev5 times 9 "o s5t5ce4 ,?is he did1 ^u ! supposition t ! subjunctive mood has a p]fect t5se :i* diff]s f t ( ! indicative2 & = su* an idea he _h ! au?ority ( ,dr4 ,johnson's ,gramm>1 & o!rs4 ,! s5t5ce is ?is3 ,b if he be a robb]1 a %$d] ( blood2 if he h eat5 ^u ! m\nta9s1 & defil$ 8 neighb\r's wife2 if he h oppress$ ! poor & ne$y1 h spoil$ by viol5ce1 h n re/or$ ! pl$ge1 h lift up 8 eyes to idols1 h giv5 =? ^u usury1 & h tak5 increase3 %all he live8 he %all n live4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bfa4 ,n[1 is ?is good ,engli%1 or is x n8 ,"o might cite ab\t half ( our gramm>ians 9 fav\r ( ?is read+1 & ! o!r half aga9/ x2 ) ,murray1 ! mo/ not$ ( all1 fir/ on "o side1 & !n on ! o!r4 ,simil> puzzles may be pres5t$ conc]n+ ?ree or f\r o!r t5ses1 :i* are sometimes ascrib$1 & sometimes d5i$1 to ?is mood4 ,x seems to me1 aft] mu* exam9ation1 t ! subjunctive mood 9 ,engli% %\ld h two t5ses1 & no m2 ! pres5t & ! imp]fect4 ,! pres5t t5se ( ?is mood naturally implies cont+5cy & futurity1 :ile ! imp]fect "h becomes an aori/1 & s]ves to suppose a case z a m]e supposition1 a case contr>y to fact4 ,consequ5tly ! =ego+ s5t5ce1 if express$ by ! subjunctive at all1 ought to be writt5 ?us3 ,b if he be a robb]1 a %$d] ( blood2 if he eat ^u ! m\nta9s1 & defile 8 neighb\r's wife2 if he oppress ! poor & ne$y1 spoil by viol5ce1 re/ore n ! pl$ge1 lift up 8 eyes to idols1 give =? ^u usury1 & take increase2 %all he live8 he %all n live4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,gramm>ians g5]ally make a pres5t & a pa/ "t "u ! subjunctive mode4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #ajj4 ,^! are ! t5ses :i* are giv5 to ! subjunctive by ,blair1 9 8 ,practical ,gramm>4 ,if any "o w give to ?is mood m t5ses ?an ^!1 ! five :i* are adopt$ by ,/ani=d1 are p]haps ! lea/ objectionable3 namely1 ,pres5t1 ,if ?\ love1 or d love2 ,imp]fect1 ,if ?\ lov$1 or did love2 ,p]fect1 ,if ?\ h lov$2 ,plup]fect1 ,if ?\ _h lov$2 ,future1 ,if ?\ %\ld or w\ld love4--,/ani=d's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,b !re are no suffici5t reasons = ev5 ?is ext5sion ( its t5ses4--,fisk1 speak+ ( ?is mood1 says3 ,l[? re/ricts x entirely to ! pres5t t5se4--,uni=mity on ?is po9t is highly desirable4--,on ?is subject1 we adopt ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,l[?4--,engli% ,gramm> ,simplifi$1 p4 #gj4 ,8 desire ( uni=mity he has bo? h]ald$ & back$ by a palpable mis/atem5t4 ,! le>n$ ,doctor's subjunctive mood1 9 ! second p]son s+ul>1 is ?is3 ,pres5t "t4 ,?\ love2 ,,&1 ,?\ maye/ love4 ,pa/ "t4 ,?\ mighte/ love2 ,,&1 ,?\ c\ld/1 c4 love2 & h lov$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,b ,fisk's subjunctive runs ?us3 ,indic4 =m1 ,if ?\ love/2 v>i$ =m1 ,if ?\ love4 ,& aga93 ,pres5t t5se1 ,if ?\ art1 ,if ?\ be2 ,imp]fect t5se1 ,if ?\ wa/1 ,if ?\ w]t4--,fisk's ,gramm> ,simplifi$1 p4 #gj4 ,8 v def9ition ( ! subjunctive mood is illu/rat$ only by ! indicative2 z1 ,if ?\ walke/4--,i w p]=m ! op]ation1 if he desires x4--,ib41 p4 #fi4 ,comly's subjunctive mood1 except 9 "s ( 8 e>ly editions1 /&s ?us3 ,pres5t t5se1 ,if ?\ love/2 ,imp]fect t5se1 ,if ?\ lov$/ or lov$2 ,fir/ future t5se1 ,if ?\ 7%alt7 love4--,elev5? ,ed41 p4 #da4 ,?is au?or tea*es1 t ! indicative or pot5tial1 :5 prec$$ by an if1 %\ld be p>s$ 9 ! subjunctive mood4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,( :at is 9 fact ! true subjunctive1 he says3 ,"s writ]s use ! s+ul> numb] 9 ! pres5t t5se ( ! subjunctive mood1 )\t any v>iation2 z1 'if ,i love1 if ?\ love1 if he love4' ,b ?is usage mu/ be rank$ among/ ! anomalies ( our language4--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,coop]1 9 8 pret5d$ ,abridgm5t ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 ,philad41 #ahbh1 gave to ! subjunctive mood ! foll[+ =m1 :i* conta9s all six ( ! t5ses3 #b;d p]s4 ,if ?\ love1 ,if ?\ d love1 ,if ?\ lov$1 ,if ?\ did love1 ,if ?\ h lov$1 ,if ?\ _h lov$1 ,if ?\ %all 7or w7 love1 ,if ?\ %all 7or w7 h lov$4 ,?is is almo/ exactly :at ,murray at fir/ adopt$1 & aft]w>ds reject$2 ?\gh x is probable1 f ! abridg]'s preface1 t ! latt] 0 ignorant ( ?is fact4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 a p]usal ( ,dr4 ,wilson's ,essay on ,gramm> da%$ f ! rev]5d g5tleman's m9d ! :ole ( ?is fabric2 & 9 8 ,pla9 & ,practical ,gramm>1 ,philad41 #ahca1 he ackn[l$ges b f\r moods1 & concludes "s pages ( argum5t ?us3 ,f ! above consid]ations1 x w appe> to e s\nd gramm>ian1 t our language does n admit a subjunctive mode1 at lea/1 sep>ate & di/9ct f ! indicative & pot5tial4--,coop]'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! true ,subjunctive mood1 9 ,engli%1 is virtually reject$ by "s lat] gramm>ians1 :o nev]!less ackn[l$ge "u t "n a great] numb] & v>iety ( =ms ?an h ev] be5 claim$ = x 9 any o!r tongue4 ,all t is peculi> to ! ,subjunctive1 all t %\ld con/itute x a di/9ct mood1 !y repres5t z an ar*aism1 an obsolete or antiquat$ mode ( expression1 :ile !y will+ly give to x e =m ( bo? ! indicative & ! pot5tial1 ! two o!r moods :i* sometimes foll[ an if4 ,?us ,wells1 9 8 /range entanglem5t ( ! moods1 n only gives to ! subjunctive1 z well z to ! indicative1 a ,simple or ,common ,=m1 & a ,pot5tial ,=m2 n only recognizes 9 ea* an ,auxili>y ,=m1 & a ,progressive ,=m2 b encumb]s ! :ole ) di/9ctions ( /yle1--) :at he calls ! ,common ,/yle1 & ! ,anci5t ,/yle2 or ! ,solemn ,/yle1 & ! ,famili> ,/yle3 yet1 aft] all1 8 own example ( ! ,subjunctive1 ,take he$1 le/ any man deceive y1 is obvi\sly diff]5t f all ^!1 & n expla9able "u any ( 8 p>adigms6 ,nor is x truly consonant ) any "p ( 8 !ory1 :i* is ?is3 ,! subjunctive ( all v]bs except be1 takes ! same =m z ! indicative4 ,good writ]s 7 =m]ly mu* accu/om$ to drop ! p]sonal t]m9ation 9 ! subjunctive pres5t1 & write ',if he h1' ',if he d5y1' etc41 = ',if he has1' ',if he d5ies1' etc42 b ?is t]m9ation is n[ g5]ally reta9$1 unless an auxili>y is und]/ood4 ,?us1 ',if he he>1' may prop]ly be us$ = ',if he %all he>' or ',if he %\ld he>1' b n = ',if he he>s4'--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #hc2 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #hg4 ,n[ e position "h tak5 is demon/rably absurd4 ,h[ c\ld good writ]s indite mu* bad ,engli% by dropp+ f ! subjunctive an indicative end+ :i* nev] belong$ to x8 ,& h[ c a ne$less auxili>y be und]/ood1 on ! pr9ciple ( equival5ce1 :]e1 by awkw>dly *ang+ a mood or t5se1 x only helps "s grammatical !ori/ to conv]t good ,engli% into bad1 or to p]v]t a text8 ,! phrases above may all be "r1 or all be wrong1 accord+ to ! correctness or incorrectness ( _! application3 :5 ea* is us$ z be/ x may be1 !re is no exact equival5ce4 ,& ?is is true ( half a doz5 m ( ! same sort2 z1 ,if he does he>1--,if he d he>1--,if he is he>+1--,if he be he>+1--,if he %all be he>+1--,if he %\ld be he>+4 ,,obs4 #i4--,simil> to ,wells's1 are ! subjunctive =ms ( ,all5 ,h4 ,weld4 ,mi/ak+ annex to signify prefix1 ?is au?or tea*es ?us3 ,,annex if1 ?\gh1 unless1 suppose1 admit1 grant1 all[1 or any ^w imply+ a condition1 to ea* t5se ( ! ,indicative & ,pot5tial modes1 to =m ! subjunctive2 z1 ,if ?\ love/ or love4 ,if he loves1 or love4 ,=m]ly x 0 cu/om>y to omit ! t]m9ations 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons ( ! pres5t t5se ( ! ,subjunctive mode4 ,b n[ ! t]m9ations are g5]ally reta9$1 except :5 ! ellipsis ( %all or %\ld is impli$2 z1 ,if he obey1 i4 e41 if he %all1 or %\ld obey4--,weld's ,gramm>1 ,abridg$ ,edition1 p4 #ga4 ,aga93 ,9 g5]al1 ! =m ( ! v]b 9 ! ,subjunctive1 is ! same z t ( ! ,indicative2 b an elliptical =m 9 ! second & ?ird p]son p]sona s+ul>1 is us$ 9 ! foll[+ in/ances3 7#a47 ,future cont+5cy is express$ by ! omission ( ! ,indicative t]m9ation2 z1 ,if he g1 =1 if he %all g4 ,?\gh he slay me1 i4e41 ?\gh he %\ld slay me4 7#b47 ,le/ & t annex$ to a comm& are foll[$ by ! elliptical =m ( ! ,subjunctive2 z1 ,love n sleep 1 le/ ?\ come to pov]ty4 7#c47 ,if ) b foll[+ x1 :5 futurity is d5ot$1 requires ! elliptical =m2 z1 ,if he d b t\* ! hills1 !y %all smoke4--,ib41 p4 #abf4 ,z = ?is s*eme1 errors & inconsi/5cies m>k e "p ( x4 ,fir/1 ! rule = =m+ ! subjunctive is false1 & is pla9ly contradict$ by all t is true 9 ! examples3 ,if ?\ love1 or1 ,if he love conta9s n ! =m ( ! indicative4 ,secondly1 no t]m9ations h ev] be5 g5]ally omitt$ f1 or reta9$ 91 ! =m ( ! subjunctive pres5t2 because t "p ( ! mood1 z commonly exhibit$1 is well kn[n to be made ( ! radical v]b1 )\t inflection4 ,"o might z well talk ( suffixes = ! imp]ative1 ,love ?\1 or ,d ?\ love4 ,?irdly1 %all or %\ld c nev] be really impli$ 9 ! subjunctive pres5t2 because ! suppos$ ellipsis1 ne$less & unexampl$1 w\ld *ange ! t5se1 ! mood1 & commonly also ! mean+4 ,if he %all1 prop]ly implies a condition ( future c]ta9ty2 ,if he %\ld1 a supposition ( duty3 ! true subjunctive sugge/s nei!r ( ^!4 ,f\r?ly1 ! ellipsis ( %all1 or %\ld1 is mo/ absurdly call$ above1 ! omission ( ! ,indicative t]m9ation4 ,fif?ly1 x is v /rangely suppos$1 t to omit :at p]ta9s to ! indicative or ! pot5tial mood1 w produce an elliptical =m ( ! ,subjunctive4 ,six?ly1 su* examples z ! la/1 ,if he d b t\* ! hills1 hav+ ! auxili>y d n inflect$ z 9 ! indicative1 disprove ! :ole !ory4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,9 ,j4 ,b4 ,*&l]'s gramm>s1 are tak5 ne>ly ! same views ( ! ,subjunctive or ,conditional ,mood1 t h j be5 notic$4 ,?is mood1 we are told1 is only ! indicative or pot5tial mood1 ) ! ^w if plac$ be=e ! nom9ative case4--,gram4 ( #ahba1 p4 #dh2 ,gram4 ( #ahdg1 p4 #gc4 ,yet1 ( ev5 ?is1 ! au?or has said1 9 ! =m] edition1 ,x w\ld1 p]haps1 be bett] to aboli% ! use ( ! subjunctive mood entirely4 ,its use is a cont9ual s\rce ( dispute among gramm>ians1 & ( p]plexity to s*ol>s4--,page #cc4 ,! suppositive v]b 71--7z1 ,7 ,i a k+1--,if ,i 7 a k+1--7 :i* ?is au?or =m]ly reject$1 pref]r+ 01 is n[1 aft] six & tw5ty ye>s1 replac$ 9 8 own examples2 & yet he /ill attempts to disgrace x1 by falsely repres5t+ x z be+ only ! indicative plural v grossly misappli$6 ,see ,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,! ,imp]ative mood is s call$ because x is *iefly us$ 9 comm&+4 ,x is t brief =m ( ! v]b1 by :i* we directly urge ^u o!rs our claims & wi%es4 ,b ! nature ( ?is urg+ v>ies accord+ to ! relation ( ! p>ties4 ,we comm& inf]iors2 exhort equals2 entreat sup]iors2 p]mit :om we w2--& all by ?is same imp]ative =m ( ! v]b4 ,9 answ] to a reque/1 ! imp]ative implies no?+ m ?an p]mission4 ,! w ( a sup]ior may also be urg$ imp]atively by ! indicative1 future4 ,?is =m is p>ticul>ly common 9 solemn prohibitions2 z1 ,?\ %alt n kill4 99 99 99 ,?\ %alt n /eal4--,exodus1 xx1 #ac & #ae4 ,( ! t5 comm&m5ts1 eight are negative1 & all ^! are indicative 9 =m4 ,! o!r two are 9 ! imp]ative mood3 ,rememb] ! sabba? day to keep x holy4 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m4--,ib4 ,b ! imp]ative =m may also be negative3 z1 ,t\* n2 ta/e n2 h&le n4--,colossians1 ii1 #ba4 ,,t5ses4 ,t5ses are ^? modifications ( ! v]b1 :i* di/+ui% "t4 ,!re are six t5ses2 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 ! ,plup]fect1 ! ,fir/-future1 & ! ,second-future4 ,! ,pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place3 z1 ,i he> a noise2 somebody is com+4 ,! ,imp]fect t5se is t :i* expresses :at took place1 or 0 occurr+1 9 "t fully pa/3 z1 ,i saw him ye/]day1 & hail$ him z he 0 pass+4 ,! ,p]fect t5se is t :i* expresses :at has tak5 place1 )9 "s p]iod ( "t n yet fully pa/3 z1 ,i h se5 him to-day2 some?+ mu/ h deta9$ him4 ,! ,plup]fect t5se is t :i* expresses :at _h tak5 place1 at "s pa/ "t m5tion$3 z1 ,i _h se5 him1 :5 ,i met y4 ,! ,fir/-future t5se is t :i* expresses :at w take place h]eaft]3 z1 ,i %all see him aga91 & ,i w in=m him4 ,! ,second-future t5se is t :i* expresses :at w h tak5 place1 at "s future "t m5tion$3 z1 ,i %all h se5 him by tomorr[ noon4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! t]ms "h def9$ are ! names usually giv5 to ^? p>ts ( ! v]b to :i* !y are 9 ?is "w appli$2 & ?\gh "s ( !m are n s /rictly appropriate z sci5tific names ought to be1 x is ?\ght inexp$i5t to *ange !m4 ,9 _m old gramm>s1 & ev5 9 ! e>ly editions ( ,murray1 ! ?ree pa/ t5ses are call$ ! ,pret]imp]fect1 ,pret]p]fect1 & ,pret]plup]fect4 ,f ^! names1 ! t]m ,pret]1 7:i* is f ! ,lat9 preposition prt]1 mean+ beside1 beyond1 or pa/17 has be5 well dropp$ = ! sake ( brevity4#bcc ,,obs4 #b4--,! di/9ctive epi!t ,imp]fect1 or ,pret]imp]fect1 appe>s to h be5 mu* less accurately employ$ by ! expla9]s ( our language1 ?an x 0 by ! ,lat9 gramm>ians f :om x 0 borr[$4 ,t t5se :i* passes 9 our s*ools = ! ,imp]fect1 7z1 ,i slept1 did sleep1 or 0 sleep+17 is 9 fact1 s f> z ! indicative mood is conc]n$1 m completely pa/1 ?an t :i* we call ! ,p]fect4 ,murray inde$ has attempt$ to %[ t ! "n is "r2 &1 = ! sake ( consi/5cy1 "o c\ld wi% he _h succe$$4 ,b e s*ol> mu/ obs]ve1 t ! simple pret]it1 :i* is ! fir/ =m ( ?is t5se1 & is nev] f\nd 9 any o!r1 z (t5 z ! s5t5ce is decl>ative1 tells :at happ5$ )9 "s p]iod ( "t fully pa/1 z la/ week1 la/ ye>2 :]eas ! p]fect t5se is us$ to express :at has happ5$ )9 "s p]iod ( "t n yet fully pa/1 z ?is week1 ?is ye>4 ,z to ! complet5ess ( ! action1 !re is no diff]5ce2 = :at has be5 done to-day1 is z completely done1 z :at 0 a*iev$ a ye> ago4 ,h5ce x is obvi\s t ! t]m ,imp]fect has no o!r applicability to ! ,engli% t5se s call$1 ?an :at x may h d]iv$ f ! p>ticiple 9 +1 :i* we use 9 translat+ ! ,lat9 imp]fect t5se3 z1 ,dormiebam1 ,i 0 sleep+2 ,legebam1 ,i 0 read+2 ,docebam1 ,i 0 tea*+4 ,& if = ?is reason ! :ole ,engli% t5se1 ) all its v>iety ( =ms 9 ! diff]5t moods1 may1 ) propriety1 be d5om9at$ imp]fect2 surely1 ! p>ticiple itself %\ld be s d5om9at$ a =tiori3 = x always conveys ?is same idea1 ( action n f9i%$1 be ! t5se ( its accompany+ auxili>y :at x may4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! t5ses d n all express "t ) equal precision2 nor c ! :ole numb] 9 any language sup]s$e ! necessity ( adv]bs ( "t1 mu* less ( dates1 & ( n\ns t express p]iods ( duration4 ,! t5ses ( ! indicative mood1 are ! mo/ def9ite2 &1 = ?is reason1 z well z = "s o!rs1 ! explanations ( all ^! modifications ( ! v]b1 are made ) p>ticul> ref]5ce to t mood4 ,"s suppose ! comp\nd or p>ticipial =m1 z ,i am writ+1 to be m def9ite 9 "t1 ?an ! simple =m1 z ,i write1 or ! emphatic =m1 z ,i d write2 & accord+ly !y divide all ! t5ses into ,indef9ite & ,def9ite4 ,( ?is division ,dr4 ,web/] seems to claim ! inv5tion2 = he gravely accuses ,murray ( copy+ x unju/ly f him1 ?\gh ! latt] ackn[l$ges 9 a note ^u 8 text1 x is1 9 "p1 tak5 f ,web/]'s ,gramm>4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,! di/ribution1 z x /&s 9 ei!r "w1 is n wor? qu>rell+ ab\t3 x is evid5tly m cumb]some ?an useful4 ,nor1 aft] all1 is x true t ! comp\nd =m is m def9ite 9 "t ?an ! o!r4 ,= example2 ,dionysius1 tyrant ( ,syracuse1 0 always betray+ 8 unhapp9ess4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #abc4 ,n[1 if 0 betray+ 7 a m def9ite t5se ?an betray$1 surely ! adv]b always w\ld require ! latt]1 r ?an ! =m]4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! pres5t t5se1 ( ! indicative mood1 expresses n only :at is n[ actually go+ on1 b g5]al tru?s1 & cu/om>y actions3 z1 ,vice produces mis]y4--,he ha/5s to rep5t1 :o gives s5t5ce quickly4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,among ! ,p>?ians1 ! signal is giv5 by ! drum1 & n by ! trumpet4--,ju/94 ,deceas$ au?ors may be spok5 ( 9 ! pres5t t5se1 because !y seem to live 9 _! works2 z1 ,s5eca reasons & moralizes well4--,murray4 ,wom5 talk bett] ?an m51 f ! sup]ior %ape ( _! tongues3 an anci5t writ] speaks ( _! loquacity ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bg4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! text1 ,john1 viii1 #eh1 ,be=e ,abraham 01 ,i am1 is a lit]al ,grecism1 & n to be cit$ z an example ( pure ,engli%3 our idiom w\ld seem to require1 ,be=e ,abraham 01 ,i exi/$4 ,9 animat$ n>rative1 h[ev]1 ! pres5t t5se is (t5 sub/itut$ = ! pa/1 by ! figure enallage4 ,9 su* cases1 pa/ t5ses & pres5t may occur toge!r2 because ! latt] are us$ m]ely to br+ pa/ ev5ts m vividly be=e u3 z1 ,ulysses wakes1 n kn[+ :]e he 04--,pope4 ,! dictator flies =w>d to ! cavalry1 besee*+ !m to dism\nt f _! horses4 ,!y obey$2 !y dism\nt1 ru% onw>d1 & = vanc\ri]s %[ _! buckl]s4--,livy4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 p]haps1 ! foll[+ c\plet1 :i* ,murray condemns z bad ,engli%1 may be ju/ifi$3-- ,him portion'd maids1 appr5tic'd orphans ble/1 ,! "y :o lab\r1 & ! old :o re/4 ,see ,murray's ,key1 ,r4 #ac4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! pres5t t5se ( ! subjunctive mood1 & t ( ! indicative :5 prec$$ by z soon z1 aft]1 be=e1 till1 or :51 is g5]ally us$ ) ref]5ce to future "t2 z1 ,if he ask a fi%1 w he give him a s]p5t8--,matt41 vii1 #aj4 ,if ,i w t he t>ry till ,i come1 :at is t to !e8 ,foll[ ?\ me4--,john1 xxi1 #bb4 ,:5 he arrives1 ,i w s5d = y4 ,! imp]ative mood has b "o t5se1 & t is always pres5t ) reg>d to ! giv+ ( ! comm&2 ?\gh :at is comm&$1 mu/ be done 9 ! future1 if done at all4 ,s ! subjunctive may convey a pres5t supposition ( :at ! w ( an o!r may make unc]ta93 z1 ,if ?\ c\nt me !re=e a p>tn]1 receive him z myself4--,/4 ,paul to ,philemon1 #ag4 ,! p]fect indicative1 l ! pres5t1 is sometimes us$ ) ref]5ce to "t t is relatively future2 z1 ,he w be fatigu$ be=e he has walk$ a mile4--,my lips %all utt] praise1 :5 ?\ ha/ taught me ?y /atutes4--,psalms1 cxix1 #aga4 ,m>vel n at ?is3 = ! h\r is com+1 9 ! :i* all t are 9 ! graves1 %all he> 8 voice1 & %all come =?2 !y t h done good1 unto ! resurrection ( life2 & !y t h done evil1 unto ! resurrection ( damnation4--,john1 v1 #bh4 ,,obs4 #g4--,:at is call$ ! pres5t inf9itive1 c sc>cely be said to express any p>ticul> "t4#bcd ,x is usually dep5d5t on an o!r v]b1 & !re=e relative 9 "t4 ,x may be connect$ ) any t5se ( any mood3 z1 ,i int5d to d x2 ,i int5d$ to d x2 ,i h int5d$ to d x2 ,i _h int5d$ to d x2 c4 ,= want ( a bett] mode ( expression1 we (t5 use ! inf9itive to d5ote futurity1 especially :5 x seems to be tak5 adjectively2 z1 ,! "t to come1--,! _w to come1--,rapture yet to be4 ,?is1 sometimes ) ! awkw>d addition ( ab\t1 is ! only sub/itute we h = ! ,lat9 future p>ticiple 9 rus1 z v5turus1 to come1 or ab\t to come4 ,?is phraseology1 accord+ to ,horne ,tooke1 7see ,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #deg17 is no fitt] ?an t ( our ance/ors1 :o = ?is purpose us$ ! same preposition1 b put ! p>ticiple 9 + aft] x1 9 lieu ( ! radical v]b1 :i* we *oose to employ3 z1 ,g5]acions ( eddris1 :o %ewide to y to fle fro wra?! to comynge8--,matt41 iii1 #g4 ,common ,v]sion3 ,o g5]ation ( vip]s6 :o ha? w>n$ y to flee f ! wra? to come8 ,art ?\ t art to comynge1 e!r abid5 we ano!r8--,matt41 xi1 #c4 ,common ,v]sion3 ,art ?\ he t %\ld come1 or d we look = ano!r8 ,so!li !re ! %ip 0 to puttyng out ! *>ge4--,d$is1 xxi1 #c4 ,common ,v]sion3 ,= !re ! %ip 0 to unlade h] burd54--,acts1 xxi1 #c4 ,*ur*ill1 aft] *ang+ ! names ( ! two inf9itive t5ses to ,future imp]fect & ,future p]fect1 adds ! foll[+ note3 ,! t5ses ( ! inf9itive mood are usually t]m$ pres5t & pret]p]fect3 b ?is is c]ta9ly improp]2 = !y are s completely future1 t :at is call$ ! pres5t t5se ( ! inf9itive mood is (t5 employ$ simply to express futurity2 z1 ',! life to come4'--,new ,gram41 p4 #bdi4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! plup]fect t5se1 :5 us$ conditionally1 9 /ead ( express+ :at actually _h tak5 place at a pa/ "t1 almo/ always implies t ! action ?us suppos$ nev] 0 p]=m$2 on ! contr>y1 if ! supposition be made 9 a negative =m1 x sugge/s t ! ev5t _h occurr$3 z1 ,"l1 if ?\ had/ be5 "h1 my bro!r _h n di$4--,john1 xi1 #cb4 ,if ,i _h n come & spok5 unto !m1 !y _h n _h s92 b n[ !y h no cloak = _! s94--,john1 xv1 #bb4 ,if ?\ had/ kn[n1 ev5 ?\1 at lea/ 9 ?is ?y day1 ! ?+s :i* belong unto ?y peace6 ,b n[ !y are hid f ?9e eyes4--,luke1 xix1 #db4 ,! supposition is sometimes indicat$ by a m]e transposition ( ! v]b & its subject2 9 :i* case1 ! conjunction if is omitt$2 z1 ,_h ye believ$ ,moses1 ye w\ld h believ$ me4--,john1 v1 #df4 ,_h ,i b f\ght z wont1 "o ?ru/ ,_h laid ,de ,wilton 9 ! du/4--,scott ,,obs4 #i4--;,9 ! language ( prophecy we f9d ! pa/ t5ses v (t5 sub/itut$ = ! future1 especially :5 ! pr$iction is rem>kably cle> & specific4 ,man is a creature ( pres5t k only2 b x is c]ta91 t ,he :o sees ! end f ! beg9n+1 has sometimes reveal$ to him1 & by him1 ?+s deep 9 futurity4 ,?us ! sacr$ se] :o is e/eem$ ! mo/ eloqu5t ( ! anci5t prophets1 m ?an sev5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ev5ts occurr$1 spoke ( ! vic>i\s suff]+s ( ,*ri/ z ( ?+s already pa/1 & ev5 !n describ$ !m 9 ! phraseology ( hi/orical facts3 ,surely he ha? borne our griefs1 & c>ri$ our sorr[s3 yet we did e/eem him /rick51 smitt5 ( ,god1 & afflict$4 ,b he 0 w\nd$ = our transgressions2 he 0 bruis$ = our iniquities3 ! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u him2 & by 8 /ripes we are heal$4--,isaiah1 liii1 #d & #e4 ,multipli$ in/ances ( a simil> application ( ! pa/ t5ses to future ev5ts1 occur 9 ! ,bible1 especially 9 ! writ+s ( ?is prophet4 ,,p]sons ,,& ,,numb]s4 ,! p]son & numb] ( a v]b are ^? modifications 9 :i* x agrees ) its subject or nom9ative4 ,9 ea* numb]1 !re are ?ree p]sons2 & 9 ea* p]son1 two numb]s3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a/ p]4 ,i love1 #a/ p]4 ,we love1 #b;d p]4 ,?\ love/1 #b;d p]4 ,y love1 #c;d p]4 ,he loves2 #c;d p]4 ,!y love4 ,def9itions univ]sally applicable h already be5 giv5 ( all ^! ?+s2 x is !re=e unnecess>y to def9e !m aga9 9 ?is place4 ,:]e ! v]b is v>i$1 ! second p]son s+ul> is regul>ly =m$ by add+ / or e/ to ! fir/ p]son2 & ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 9 l mann]1 by add+ s or es3 z1 ,i see1 ?\ see/1 he sees2 ,i give1 ?\ give/1 he gives2 ,i g1 ?\ goe/1 he goes2 ,i fly1 ?\ flie/1 he flies2 ,i vex1 ?\ vexe/1 he vexes2 ,i lose1 ?\ lose/1 he loses4 ,:]e ! v]b is n v>i$ to d5ote its p]son & numb]1 ^! prop]ties are inf]r$ f its subject or nom9ative3 z1 ,if ,i love1 if ?\ love1 if he love2 if we love1 if y love1 if !y love4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,x is consid]$ a pr9ciple ( ,univ]sal ,gramm>1 t a f9ite v]b mu/ agree ) its subject or nom9ative 9 p]son & numb]4 ,^u ?is pr9ciple1 we ascribe to e su* v]b ! p]son & numb] ( ! nom9ative ^w1 :e!r ! v]b itself be lit]ally modifi$ by ! relation or n4 ,! doctr9e mu/ be con/antly taught & obs]v$1 9 e language 9 :i* ! v]bs h any v>iations ( ?is k9d4 ,b suppose an in/ance1 ( a language 9 :i* all ! v]bs 7 entirely de/itute ( su* inflections2 ! pr9ciple1 z reg>ds t language1 mu/ drop4 ,f9ite v]bs1 9 su* a case1 w\ld /ill relate to _! subjects1 or nom9atives1 agreeably to ! s5se2 b !y w\ld c]ta9ly be r5d]$ incapable ( add+ to ?is relation any agreem5t or disagreem5t4 ,s ! concords :i* belong to adjectives & p>ticiples 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 are reject$ 9 ,engli%1 & !re rema9s to ^! p>ts ( spee* no?+ b a simple relation to _! n\ns accord+ to ! s5se4 ,& by ! fa%ionable sub/itution ( y = ?\1 ! concord ( ,engli% v]bs ) _! nom9atives1 is made to dep5d1 9 common practice1 on little m ?an "o s+le t]m9ational s1 :i* is us$ to m>k "o p]son ( "o numb] ( "o t5se ( "o mood ( ea* v]b4 ,s ne> does ?is practice br+ u to ! dropp+ ( :at is yet call$ a univ]sal pr9ciple ( gramm>4#bce ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 mo/ languages1 !re are 9 ea* t5se1 ?r\gh all ! moods ( e v]b1 six diff]5t t]m9ations to di/+ui% ! diff]5t p]sons & numb]s4 ,?is w be well und]/ood by e "o :o has ev] glanc$ at ! v]bs z exhibit$ 9 any ,lat91 ,greek1 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 or ,italian gramm>4 ,to expla9 x to o!rs1 a brief example %all be giv53 7) ! rem>k1 t ! ,lat9 pron\ns1 "h ins]t$1 are seldom express$1 except = emphasis37 ,ego amo1 ,i love2 ,tu amas1 ,?\ love/2 ,ille amat1 ,he loves2 ,nos amamus1 ,we love2 ,vos amatis1 ,y love2 ,illi amant1 ,!y love4 ,h5ce x may be p]ceiv$1 t ! paucity ( v>iations 9 ! ,engli% v]b1 is a v /rik+ peculi>ity ( our language4 ,:e!r we are ga9]s or los]s by ?is simplicity1 is a "q = le>n$ idl5ess to discuss4 ,! common p :o speak ,engli%1 h f> less incl9ation to add new end+s to our v]bs1 ?an to drop or avoid all ! rema9s ( ! old4 ,l[? & ,murray tell u1 ,?is scanty provision ( t]m9ations is suffici5t = all ! purposes ( disc\rse2 & t1 ,= ?is reason1 ! plural t]m9ation en1 7!y lov51 !y w]517 =m]ly 9 use1 0 laid aside z unnecess>y1 & has long be5 obsolete4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ca2 ,murray's1 #fc4 ,,obs4 #c4--,?\gh mod]n usage1 especially 9 common conv]sation1 evid5tly incl9es to drop or %un all unnecess>y suffixes & inflections1 /ill x is true1 t ! ,engli% v]b 9 "s ( its p>ts1 v>ies its t]m9ation1 to di/+ui%1 or agree )1 ! diff]5t p]sons & numb]s4 ,! *ange is1 h[ev]1 pr9cipally conf9$ to ! second & ?ird p]sons s+ul> ( ! pres5t t5se ( ! indicative mood1 & to ! auxili>ies ha/ & has ( ! p]fect4 ,9 ! anci5t biblical /yle1 n[ us$ only on solemn occasions1 ! second p]son s+ul> is di/+ui%$ ?r\gh all ! t5ses ( ! indicative & pot5tial moods4 ,& z ! use ( ! pron\n ?\ is n[ mo/ly conf9$ to ! solemn /yle1 ! t]m9ations ( t /yle are reta9$ 9 connexion ) x1 ?r\gh all ! foll[+ examples ( ! conjugation ( v]bs4 ,9 ! plural numb]1 !re is no v>iation ( end+1 to d5ote ! diff]5t p]sons2 & ! v]b 9 ! ?ree p]sons plural1 7) ! two exceptions are & 71 f am & 017 is ! same z 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul>4 ,nor does ! use ( y = ! s+ul>1 w>rant its connexion ) any o!r ?an ! plural =m ( ! v]b4 ,?is /range & ne$less confusion ( ! numb]s1 is1 9 all languages t indulge x1 a practical inconv5i5ce4 ,x w\ld d\btless h be5 mu* bett]1 _h ?\ & y /ill kept _! respective places--! "o1 nom9ative s+ul>--! o!r1 objective plural--z !y appe> 9 ! ,bible4 ,b z ! ,engli% v]b is always att5d$ by a n\n or a pron\n1 express+ ! subject ( ! affirmation1 no ambiguity arises f ! want ( p>ticul> t]m9ations 9 ! v]b1 to di/+ui% ! diff]5t p]sons & numb]s4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,al?\gh our language1 9 its ord9>y use1 exhibits ! v]bs 9 su* =ms only1 z w make1 :5 put toge!r1 b a v simple conjugation2 !re is probably no o!r language on e>?1 9 :i* x w\ld be s difficult = a le>n$ gramm>ian to fix1 settle1 & exhibit1 to ! satisfaction ( himself & o!rs1 ! pr9ciples1 p>adigms1 rules1 & exceptions1 :i* are necess>y = a full & j exhibition ( ?is "p ( spee*4 ,?is difficulty is ow+1 p>tly to incompatibilities or unsettl$ b\nd>ies betwe5 ! solemn & ! famili> /yle2 p>tly to diff]5ces 9 ! same /yle betwe5 anci5t usage & mod]n2 p>tly to int]f]+ claims ( new & old =ms ( ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple2 p>tly to ! conflict+ notions ( diff]5t gramm>ians respect+ ! subjunctive mood2 & p>tly to ! bl9d t5acity ) :i* _m writ]s adh]e to rugg$ d]ivatives1 & pref] unutt]able contractions to smoo? & easy abbreviations4 ,= example3 a cl]gyman says to a lucky game/]1 7#a47 ,y dwell 9 a h\se :i* y nei!r plann$ nor built4 ,a memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds w\ld say1 7#b47 ,?\ dwell/ 9 a h\se :i* ?\ nei!r plann$ nor built4 ,or1 if n a s*ol>1 z likely z n1 7#c47 ,!e dwells 9 a h\se :i* !e nei!r plann$ nor built4 ,! old or solemn /yle w\ld b#c1 7#d47 ,?\ dwelle/ 9 a h\se :i* ?\ nei!r plann$/ nor build$/4 ,"s unta/eful & ov]grammatical poet w h x1 7#e47 ,?\ dwell'/ 9 halls ?\ nei!r plann'd/ nor build'd/4 ,! doctr9e ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 & ( mo/ o!rs1 w\ld require1 7#f47 ,?\ dwelle/ 9 a h\se :i* ?\ nei!r plann$/ nor builte/4 ,or1 7accord+ to ?is au?or's me?od ( avoid+ unpleasant s\nds17 ! m complex =m1 7#g47 ,?\ do/ dwell 9 a h\se :i* ?\ nei!r did/ plan nor did/ build4 ,out ( ^! an o!r poet w make ! l9e1 7#h47 ,do/ dwell 9 halls :i* ?\ nor plann'd/ nor built'/4 ,an o!r1 m ta/efully1 w\ld drop ! / ( ! pret]it1 & contract ! pres5t1 z 9 ! second in/ance above3 ?us1 7#i47 ,?\ dwell/ 9 halls ?\ nei!r plann$ nor built1 ,& revel/ !re 9 ri*es won by guilt4 ,,obs4 #e4--,n[ let all ^! n9e diff]5t =ms ( say+ ! same ?+1 by ! same v]bs1 9 ! same mood1 & ! same two t5ses1 be consid]$4 ,let x also be notic$1 t = ^! same v]bs )9 ^! limits1 !re are yet o!r =ms1 ( a complex k9d2 z1 ,y d dwell1 or1 ,y are dwell+2 us$ 9 lieu (1 ,?\ do/ dwell1 or1 ,?\ art dwell+3 s1 ,y did plan1 or1 ,y 7 plann+2 us$ 9 lieu (1 ,?\ did/ plan1 or1 ,?\ wa/ plann+4 ,take into ! acc\nt ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,web/] & o!rs1 t1 ,y 0 plann+1 or1 ,y 0 build+1 is a /ill bett] =m = ! s+ul> numb]2 & well e/abli%$ by national usage1 bo? "h & 9 ,engl&4--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,add ! less inaccurate practice ( "s1 :o use 0 & did famili>ly ) ?\2 z1 ,?\ 0 plann+1 did ?\ build8 ,multiply all ?is v>iety t5fold1 ) a view to ! o!r moods & t5ses ( ^! ?ree v]bs1 dwell1 plan1 & build2 !n ext5d ! product1 :atev] x is1 f ^! ?ree common words1 to all ! v]bs 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,y w ?us beg9 to h "s idea ( ! difficulty m5tion$ 9 ! prec$+ obs]vation4 ,b ?is is only a "p ( x2 = all ^! ?+s relate only to ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! v]b4 ,! d\ble "q is1 ,:i* ( ^! =ms ought to be approv$ & taught = t p]son & numb]8 & :i* ( !m ought to be c5sur$ & reject$ z bad ,engli%8 ,?is "q is p]haps z important1 z any t c arise 9 ,engli% gramm>4 ,) a few c&id obs]vations by way ( illu/ration1 x w be left to ! judgem5t ( ! read]4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! hi/ory ( y\y\+ & ?\!e+ appe>s to be ?is4 ,p]sons 9 high /ations1 be+ usually surr\nd$ by att5dants1 x became1 _m c5turies ago1 a species ( c\rt flatt]y1 to address individuals ( ?is class1 9 ! plural numb]1 z if a great man 7 some?+ m ?an "o p]son4 ,9 ?is way1 ! notion ( greatness 0 agreeably multipli$1 & ^? :o laid claim to su* hon\r1 soon began to ?9k !mselves insult$ :5ev] !y 7 address$ ) any o!r ?an ! plural pron\n4#bcf ,humbl] p yield$ ?r\gh fe> ( (f5ce2 & ! practice ext5d$1 9 "t1 to all ranks ( society3 s t at pres5t ! cu/om>y mode ( famili> z well z complim5t>y address1 is altoge!r plural2 bo? ! v]b & ! pron\n be+ us$ 9 t =m4#bcg ,?is practice1 :i* conf\nds "o ( ! mo/ important di/9ctions ( ! language1 af=ds a /rik+ in/ance ( ! p[] ( fa%ion4 ,x has made propriety itself seem improp]4 ,b %all x be all[$1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 to conf\nd our conjugations & ov]turn our gramm>8 ,is x "r to introduce x into our p>adigms1 z ! only =m ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 t mod]n usage ackn[l$ges8 ,or is x exp$i5t to augm5t by x t multiplicity ( o!r =ms1 :i* mu/ ei!r take ?is same place or be utt]ly reject$8 ,) due def]5ce to ^? gramm>ians :o h adopt$ "o or ! o!r ( ^! me?ods1 ! au?or ( ?is "w answ]s all ^! que/ions decid$ly 9 ! negative4 ,x is n to be d5i$1 t ! use ( ! plural = ! s+ul> is n[ s common z to =m ! cu/om>y mode ( address to individuals ( e rank4 ,! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 or ,quak]s1 h[ev]1 cont9ue to employ ! s+ul> numb] 9 famili> disc\rse2 & cu/om1 :i* has n[ de/roy$ ! complim5t ( ! plural1 has remov$ also ! suppos$ opprobrium ( ! s+ul>1 & plac$ x on an equality ) ! plural 9 po9t ( respect4 ,! s+ul> is univ]sally employ$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,supreme ,be+2 & is g5]ally pref]r$ 9 poetry4 ,x is ! language ( ,scripture1 & ( ! ,pray]-,book2 & is consi/5tly reta9$ 9 ne>ly all our gramm>s2 ?\gh n always1 p]haps1 consi/5tly treat$4 ,,obs4 #g4--,:atev] is fa%ionable 9 spee*1 ! m]e disciples ( fa%ion w always approve2 &1 probably1 !y w ?9k x ju/ifiable to despise or neglect all t is o!rwise4 ,^! may be cont5t$ ) ! sole use ( su* =ms ( address z1 ,y1 y1 sir2--,y1 y1 madam4 ,b ! lit]ati :o s neglect all ! s]vices ( religion1 z to =get t ^! are yet conduct$ 9 ,engli% indep5d5tly ( all ?is fa%ionable y\y\+1 mu/ ne$s be poor judges ( :at belongs to _! own ju/ification1 ei!r z gramm>ians or z moral ag5ts4 ,a fa%ion by virtue ( :i* millions ( y\?s are n[ gr[+ up 9 ignorance ( t =m ( address :i*1 9 _! own tongue1 is mo/ appropriate to poetry1 & alone adapt$ to pray]1 is p]haps n q s light a matt] z "s p imag9e4 ,x is at lea/ s f> f be+ a good reason = displac+ t =m f ! p>adigms ( our v]bs 9 a gramm>1 t inde$ no bett] ne$s be (f]$ = t5aci\sly reta9+ x4 ,_m *ildr5 may ?us le>n at s*ool :at all %\ld "k1 & :at !re is little *ance = !m to le>n else:]e4 ,n all t presume to m9i/] 9 religion1 are well acqua9t$ ) :at is call$ ! solemn /yle4 ,n all t presume to expla9 x 9 gramm>s1 d "k :at x is4 ,a late "w1 :i* boa/$ ! patronage ( ,de ,witt ,cl9ton1 & ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( false praise came nigh to be impos$ by a law ( ,new ,york on all ! common s*ools ( t ,/ate2 & :i*1 be+ subsequ5tly sold 9 ,philadelphia = a great price1 0 !re republi%$ "u ! "n ( ! ,national ,s*ool ,manual2 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is "p ( gramm>3 ,9 ! solemn & poetic /yles1 ! second p]son s+ul>1 9 bo? ! above t5ses1 is ?\2 & ! second p]son plural1 is ye1 or y4 ,! v]b1 to agree ) ! second p]son s+ul>1 *anges its t]m9ation4 ,?us3 #b;d p]son1 s+4 ,pres4 ,t5se1 ,?\ walke/1 or ,?\ walke?4 ,imp]fect ,t5se1 ,?\ walk$/4 ,9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 9 ! above /yles1 ! v]b has sometimes a diff]5t t]m9ation2 z1 ,pres5t ,t5se1 ,he1 %e1 or x walks or walke?4 ,! above =m ( inflection may be appli$ to all v]bs us$ 9 ! solemn or poetic /yles2 b = ord9>y purposes1 ,i h suppos$ x prop] to employ ! =m ( ! v]b1 adopt$ 9 common conv]sation1 z lea/ p]plex+ to "y m9ds4--,b>tlett's ,common ,s*ool ,manual1 ,"p ii1 p4 #aad4 ,:at c be hop$ f an au?or :o is ignorant en\gh to ?9k ,?\ walke? is good ,engli%8 or f "o :o tells u1 t ,x walks is ( ! solemn /yle8 or f "o :o does n "k t y is nev] a nom9ative 9 ! /yle ( ! ,bible8 ,,obs4 #h4--,n[h]e on e>? is fa%ion m completely mi/ress ( all ! ta/es & usages ( society1 ?an 9 ,france4 ,?\gh ! common ,fr5* ,bible /ill reta9s ! =m ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 :i* 9 t language is %ort] & p]haps smoo!r ?an ! plural2 yet ev5 t sacr$ book1 or at lea/ ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & t by diff]5t p]sons1 has be5 translat$ into m fa%ionable ,fr5*1 & pr9t$ at ,p>is1 & also at ,new ,york1 ) ! =m ( address ev]y:]e plural2 z1 ,jesus anticipat$ him1 say+1 ',:at d y ?9k1 ,simon8 ( :om d ! k+s ( ! e>? take taxes & tribute8'--,matt41 xvii1 #bd4 ,&1 go+ to pray]s1 !y said1 '#j ,"l1 y :o "k ! he>ts ( all m51 %[ :i* ( ^! two y h *os54'--,acts1 i1 #bd4 ,?is is "o /ep fur!r 9 ! progress ( polit5ess1 ?an has yet be5 tak5 9 ,engli%4 ,! ,fr5* gramm>ians1 h[ev]1 z f> z ,i c p]ceive1 h nev] yet di/urb$ ! anci5t ord] ( _! conjugations & decl5sions1 by ins]t+ ! plural v]b & pron\n 9 place ( ! s+ul>2 &1 9 ! famili>ity ( fri5d%ip1 or ( dome/ic life1 ! practice :i* is d5om9at$ tutoyant1 or ?\!e+1 is f> m preval5t 9 ,france ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,also1 9 ! pray]s ( ! ,fr5*1 ! second p]son s+ul> appe>s to be yet g5]ally pres]v$1 z x is 9 ^? ( ! ,engli% & ! ,am]icans4 ,! less frequ5t use ( x 9 ! famili> conv]sation ( ! latt]1 is v probably ow+ to ! g5]al impression1 t x _c be us$ ) propriety1 except 9 ! solemn /yle4 ,( ?is matt]1 ^? :o h laid x aside !mselves1 _c ) mu* mode/y pret5d to judge = ^? :o h n2 or1 if !y may1 !re is /ill a "q h[ f> x is "r to lay x aside4 ,! foll[+ l9es are a sort ( translation f ,horace2 & ,i submit x to ! read]1 :e!r x is comely = a ,*ri/ian div9e to be less rev]5t t[>d ,god1 ?an a hea!n poet2 & :e!r ! plural language "h us$1 does n lack ! rev]5ce ( ! orig9al1 :i* is s+ul>3-- ,pres]ve1 ,almighty ,provid5ce6 ,j :at y gave me1 compet5ce4--,swift4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! t]ms1 solemn /yle1 famili> /yle1 mod]n /yle1 anci5t /yle1 legal /yle1 regal /yle1 nautic /yle1 common /yle1 & ! l1 z us$ 9 gramm>1 imply no c]ta9 divisions ( ! language2 b are design$ m]ely to di/+ui%1 9 a g5]al way1 ! occasions on :i* "s p>ticul> =ms ( expression may be consid]$ prop]1 or ! times to :i* !y belong4 ,= :at is grammatical sometimes1 may n be s always4 ,x w\ld n be easy to tell1 def9itely1 9 :at any "o ( ^! /yles consi/s2 because !y all belong to "o language1 & ! numb] or nature ( ! peculi>ities ( ea* is n precisely fix$4 ,b :atev] is ackn[l$g$ to be peculi> to any "o1 is consequ5tly und]/ood to be improp] = any o!r3 or1 at lea/1 ! same phraseology _c belong to /yles ( an opposite "*2 & words ( g5]al use belong to no p>ticul> /yle4#bch ,= example3 ,s !n x is n ( him t wille?1 nor ( him t runne?1 b ( ,god t %[e? m]cy4--,rom41 ix1 #af4 ,if ! t]m9ation e? is n obsolete1 z "s say x is1 all v]bs to :i* ?is end+ is add$1 are ( ! solemn /yle2 = ! common or famili> expression w\ld "h be ?is2 ,s !n x is n ( him t wills1 nor ( him t runs1 b ( ,god t %[s m]cy4 ,b5 ,jonson1 9 8 gramm>1 endeav\r$ to arre/ ?is *ange ( e? to s2 &1 accord+ to ,l9dley ,murray1 7,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ij17 ,addison also injudici\sly disapprov$ x4 ,9 spite ( all su* objections1 h[ev]1 "s future gramm>ian w probably h to say ( ! s+ul> end+ e?1 z ,l[? & ,murray h already said ( ! plural en3 ,x 0 laid aside z unnecess>y4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,( ! orig9 ( ! p]sonal t]m9ations ( ,engli% v]bs1 t em95t etymologi/ ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,! read]s ( our mod]n tongue may be rem9d$1 t ! t]m9ations1 e/1 e?1 & s1 9 our v]bs1 z 9 laye/1 laye?1 & laid'/1 or laide/2 are ! fad$ rema9s ( ! pron\ns :i* 7 =m]ly jo9$ to ! v]b itself1 & plac$ ! language1 9 respect ( concise expression1 on a level ) ! ,greek1 ,lat91 & ,sanscrit1 its si/] dialects4--,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #eb4 ,accord+ to ?is1 s9ce o!r signs ( ! p]sons & numb]s are n[ employ$ ) ! v]b1 x is n /range t !re %\ld appe> a t5d5cy to lay aside su* ( ^! end+s z are lea/ agreeable & lea/ necess>y4 ,any *ange ( ?is k9d w ( c\rse occur fir/ 9 ! famili> /yle4 ,= example3 ,?\ w5te/ 9 to m5 uncircumcis$1 & did/ eat ) !m4--,acts1 xi1 #c4 ,^! ?+s write ,i unto !e1 t ?\ may/ "k h[ ?\ oughte/ to behave ?yself 9 ! h\se ( ,god4--#a ,tim41 iii1 #ae4 ,^! =ms1 by univ]sal cons5t1 are n[ ( ! solemn /yle2 &1 consequ5tly1 are really good ,engli% 9 no o!r4 ,= nobody1 ,i suppose1 w yet pret5d t ! inflection ( our pret]its & auxili>ies by / or e/1 is entirely obsolete2#bci & surely no p]son ( any lit]>y ta/e ev] uses ! =ego+ =ms famili>ly4 ,! t]m9ation e/1 h[ev]1 has 9 "s in/ances become obsolete2 or has fad$ into / or t1 ev5 9 ! solemn /yle4 ,?us1 7if inde$1 su* =ms ev] 7 9 good use17 didde/ has become did/2 have/1 ha/2 hadde/1 had/2 %alle/1 %alt2 wille/1 wilt2 & canne/1 can/4 ,maye/1 mighte/1 c\lde/1 w\lde/1 & %\lde/1 are occasionally f\nd 9 books n anci5t2 b may/1 might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 & %\ld/1 are abundantly m common1 & all are peculi> to ! solemn /yle4 ,mu/1 bur/1 dur/1 ?ru/1 ble/1 cur/1 pa/1 lo/1 li/1 crept1 kept1 girt1 built1 felt1 dwelt1 left1 b]eft1 & _m o!r v]bs ( simil> end+s1 are seldom1 if ev]1 f\nd encumb]$ ) an additional e/4 ,= ! rule :i* requires ?is end+1 has always _h _m exceptions t h n be5 notic$ by gramm>ians4#bdj ,?us ,%akspe>e wrote ev5 9 ! pres5t t5se1 ,d z ?\ li/1 & n ,d z ?\ li/e/4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 li/ may "h be reckon$ ( ! subjunctive mood2 b ! foll[+ example f ,byron is c]ta9ly 9 ! indicative3-- ,& ?\1 :o nev] yet ( human wrong ,lo/ ! unbalanc$ scale1 great ,nemesis6--,h>old1 ,c4 iv1 /4 #acb4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,any phraseology t is really obsolete1 is no long] fit to be imitat$ ev5 9 ! solemn /yle2 & :at 0 nev] good ,engli%1 is no m to be respect$ 9 t /yle1 ?an 9 any o!r4 ,?us3 ,art n ?\ t ,egyptian1 :i* be=e ^! days made/ an upro>1 & l$de/ out into ! wild]ness f\r ?\s& m5 t 7 murd]]s8--,acts1 xxi1 #ch4 ,"h1 7,i ?9k17 ! v]sion ought to be1 ,art n ?\ t ,egyptian1 :o a :ile ago made an upro>1 & l$ out into ! wild]ness f\r ?\s& m51 t 7 murd]]s8 ,if s1 !re is 9 ?is no occasion to make a diff]5ce betwe5 ! solemn & ! famili> /yle4 ,b :at is ! famili> =m ( expression = ! texts cit$ be=e8 ,! fa%ionable w say1 x is ?is3 ,y w5t 9 to m5 uncircumcis$1 & did eat ) !m4--,i write ^! ?+s to y1 t y may "k h[ y ought to behave y\rself 9 ! h\se ( ,god4 ,b ?is is n lit]ally ( ! s+ul> numb]3 x is no m s+ul>1 ?an vos 9 ,lat91 or v\s 9 ,fr5*1 or we us$ = ,i 9 ,engli%1 is s+ul>4 ,& if !re rema9s to u any o!r =m1 t is bo? s+ul> & grammatical1 x is unque/ionably ! foll[+3 ,?\ w5t 9 to m5 uncircumcis$1 & did eat ) !m4--,i write ^! ?+s to !e1 t ?\ may "k h[ ?\ ought to behave ?yself 9 ! h\se ( ,god4 ,! ackn[l$g$ doctr9e ( all ! tea*]s ( ,engli% gramm>1 t ! inflection ( our auxili>ies & pret]its by / or e/ is peculi> to ! solemn /yle1 leaves u no o!r alt]native1 ?an ei!r to grant ! propriety ( "h dropp+ ! suffix = ! famili> /yle1 or to rob our language ( any famili> use ( ! pron\n ?\ =ev]4 ,:o1 !n1 are "h ! neologi/s1 ! innovators1 ! impair]s ( ! language8 ,& :i* is ! great] innovation1 m]ely to drop1 on famili> occasions1 or :5 x suits our /yle1 "o obsolesc5t v]bal t]m9ation1--a t]m9ation (t5 dropp$ ( old z well z n[1--or to /rike f ! conjugations ( all our v]bs "o six? "p ( _! entire s*eme8#bda ,o "m myn1 t cleap$ 7 ,argyue1 ,wo wor? t day t ?\ me b>e on lyue4--,*auc]4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! grammatical propriety ( di/+ui%+ f ! solemn /yle bo? ( ! =ms pres5t$ above1 mu/ be evid5t to e "o :o consid]s ) c&\r ! reasons1 analogies1 & au?orities1 = ?is di/9ction4 ,! support ( ! latt] is v f> f re/+ solely on ! practice ( a p>ticul> sect2 ?\gh ?is1 if !y w\ld =be> to corrupt ! pron\n :ile !y simplify ! v]b1 w\ld des]ve mu* m consid]ation ?an has ev] be5 all[$ x4 ,:i* ( ^! modes ( address is ! m grammatical1 x is useless to dispute2 s9ce fa%ion rules ! "o1 & a scruple ( consci5ce is sometimes alleg$ = ! o!r4 ,a c&id critic w consequ5tly all[ all to take _! *oice4 ,x is en\gh = him1 if he c demon/rate to ! c&id inquir]1 :at phraseology is 9 any view all[able1 & :at is = any good reason repreh5sible4 ,t ! use ( ! plural = ! s+ul> is ungrammatical1 x is nei!r discreet nor available to affirm2 yet1 surely1 x did n orig9ate 9 any reg>d to gramm> rules4 ,murray ! s*oolma/]1 ^: ,engli% ,gramm> appe>$ "s ye>s be=e t ( ,l9dley ,murray1 speaks ( x z foll[s3 ,?\1 ! second p]son s+ul>1 ?\gh /rictly grammatical1 is seldom us$1 except 9 addresses to ,god1 9 poetry1 & by ! p call$ ,quak]s4 ,9 all o!r cases1 a fondness = =eign mann]s1#bdb & ! p[] ( cu/om1 h giv5 a sanction to ! use ( y1 = ! second p]son s+ul>1 ?\gh contr>y to gramm>1#bdc & att5d$ ) ?is p>ticul> inconv5i5cy1 t a plural v]b mu/ be us$ to agree ) ! pron\n 9 numb]1 & bo? appli$ to a s+le p]son2 z1 y are1 or y 71--n y wa/1 or y 04--,?ird ,edition1 ,lond41 #agic1 p4 #cd4 ,?is au?or ev]y:]e exhibits ! auxili>ies1 may/1 might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 & %\ld/1 z words ( "o syllable2 & also obs]ves1 9 a m>g9al note1 ,"s writ]s beg9 to say1 ',?\ may1 ?\ might1' c4--,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,examples ( ?is are n v uncommon3 ,?\ %all want ere ,i want4--,old ,motto2 ,scott's ,lay1 ,note #a/ to ,canto #c4 ,?yself ! m\rnful tale %all tell4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,"o sole condition w\ld ,i d>e sugge/1 ,t ?\ w\ld save me f my own reque/4--,jane ,taylor4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,9 respect to ! second p]son s+ul>1 ! gramm> ( ,l9dley ,murray makes no di/9ction betwe5 ! solemn & ! famili> /yle2 recognizes 9 no way ! fa%ionable sub/itution ( y = ?\2 &1 s f> z ,i p]ceive1 takes x = grant$1 t e "o :o pret5ds to speak or write grammatically1 mu/ always1 9 address+ an individual1 employ ! s+ul> pron\n1 & inflect ! v]b ) / or e/1 except 9 ! imp]ative mood & ! subjunctive pres5t4 ,?is is ! m rem>kable1 because ! au?or 0 a valu$ memb] ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds2 & d\btless 8 own daily practice contradict$ 8 doctr9e1 z palpably z does t ( e o!r memb] ( ! ,society4 ,& _m a s*oolma/]1 tak+ t "w = 8 text-book1 or "s o!r z faulty1 is n[ do+ precisely ! same ?+4 ,b :at a tea*] is he1 :o d>es n ju/ify z a gramm>ian t :i* he con/antly practices z a man6 ,:at a s*ol> is he1 :o c be l$ by a false criticism or a false cu/om1 to condemn 8 own usage & t ( e body else6 ,:at a casui/ is he1 :o d>es pret5d consci5ce = practis+ t :i* he kn[s & ackn[l$ges to be wrong6 ,if to speak 9 ! second p]son s+ul> )\t inflect+ our pret]its & auxili>ies1 is a c5surable corruption ( ! language1 ! ,fri5ds h no alt]native b to rel9qui% _! scruple ab\t ! application ( y to "o p]son2 = none b ! adult & le>n$ c ev] speak aft] ! mann] ( anci5t books3 *ildr5 & common p c no m be br\ght to speak agreeably to any antiquat$ =ms ( ! ,engli% language1 ?an accord+ to ! imp]i%able models ( ,greek & ,lat94 ,he :o traces ! hi/ory ( our v]nacul> tongue1 w f9d x has ei!r simplifi$ or entirely dropp$ sev]al ( its anci5t t]m9ations2 & t ! / or e/ ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 nev] 0 adopt$ 9 any ?+ l ! ext5t to :i* our mod]n gramm>ians h attempt$ to impose x4 ,?us becom+ unus$ to inflections1 we lo/ ! p]ception ( _! mean+ & nature4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #ffi4 ,y _c make a :ole p all at once talk 9 a diff]5t tongue f t :i* x has be5 us$ to talk 93 y _c =ce x to unle>n ! words x has le>nt f its fa!rs1 9 ord] to le>n a set ( newfangl$ words out ( a gramm> or a diction>y4--,ib41 i1 #fej4 ,nor c y1 9 ?is in/ance1 re/ra9 our poets f transgress+ ! doctr9e ( ,l[? & ,murray3-- ,come1 ?\ pure ,light1--:i* fir/ 9 ,ed5 gl[$4 ,& ?rew ?y spl5dor r\nd man's calm abode4--,alonzo ,lewis4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,t :i* has pass$ away f famili> practice1 may /ill be "r 9 ! solemn /yle1 & may !re rema9 till x becomes obsolete4 ,b no obsolesc5t t]m9ation has ev] yet be5 recall$ into ! popul> s]vice4 ,?is is z true 9 o!r languages z 9 our own3 ,9 almo/ e ^w ( ! ,greek1 says a le>n$ au?or1 we meet ) contractions & abbreviations2 b1 ,i believe1 ! flexions ( no language all[ ( ext5sion or amplification4 ,9 our own we may write sleep$ or slept1 z ! metre ( a l9e or ! rhy?m ( a p]iod may require2 b by no lic5se may we write sleepe$4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 #dto1 p4 #ajg4 ,b1 if aft] contract+ sleep$ into slept1 we add an e/ & make slepte/1 is !re n "h an ext5sion ( ! ^w f "o syllable to two8 ,is !re n an amplification t is at once novel1 disagreeable1 unau?oriz$1 & unnecess>y8 ,nay1 ev5 9 ! regul> & e/abli%$ *ange1 z ( lov$ to lov$/1 is !re n a syllabic increase1 :i* is unpleasant to ! e>1 & unsuit$ to famili> spee*8 ,n[1 to :at ext5t d ^! que/ions apply to ! v]bs 9 our language8 ,l9dley ,murray1 x is presum$1 _h no conception ( t ext5t2 or ( ! weight ( ! objection :i* is impli$ 9 ! second4 ,) respect to a va/ numb] ( our mo/ common v]bs1 he himself nev] knew1 nor does ! greate/ gramm>ian n[ liv+ "k1 9 :at way he ought to =m ! simple pa/ t5se 9 ! second p]son s+ul>1 o!rwise ?an by ! m]e un9flect$ pret]it ) ! pron\n ?\4 ,is ?\ sleep$/ or ?\ slepte/1 ?\ leav$/ or ?\ lefte/1 ?\ feel$/ or ?\ felte/1 ?\ deal$/ or ?\ dealte/1 ?\ toss$/ or ?\ to/e/1 ?\ los$/ or ?\ lo/e/1 ?\ pay$/ or ?\ paide/1 ?\ lay$/ or ?\ laide/1 bett] ,engli% ?an ?\ slept1 ?\ left1 ?\ felt1 ?\ dealt1 ?\ toss$1 ?\ lo/1 ?\ paid1 ?\ laid8 ,&1 if s1 ( ! two =ms 9 ea* in/ance1 :i* is ! "r "o8 & :y8 ,! ,bible has said/ & lay$/2 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray1 laid'/ & laide/6 ,s9ce ! inflection ( our pret]its has nev] be5 ord]ly1 & is n[ decay+ & wax+ old1 %all we lab\r to recall :at is s ne>ly ready to vani% away8 ,trem5d\s ,sea6 :at "t ?\ lift$ up ,?y waves on high1 & ) ?y w9ds & /orms ,/range pa/ime took1 & %ook ?y mighty sides ,indignantly1 ! pride ( navies fell4--,pollok1 ,b4 vii1 l4 #faa4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,:atev] difficulty !re is 9 asc]ta9+ ! true =m ( ! pret]it itself1 n only rema9s1 b is augm5t$1 :5 / or e/ is to be add$ = ! second p]son ( x4 ,=1 s9ce we use sometimes "o & sometimes ! o!r ( ^! end+s2 7z1 said/1 sawe/1 bid/1 knewe/1 lov$/1 w5te/27 !re is yet ne$ ( "s rule to %[ :i* we ought to pref]4 ,! v>iable =mation or or?ography ( v]bs 9 ! simple pa/ t5se1 has always be5 "o ( ! greate/ difficulties t ! le>n]s ( our language h _h to enc\nt]4 ,at pres5t1 !re is a /rong t5d5cy to t]m9ate z _m z we c ( !m 9 ed1 :i* is ! only regul> end+4 ,! pronunciation ( ?is end+1 h[ev]1 is at lea/ ?reefold2 z 9 rememb]$1 rep5t$1 rel9qui%$4 ,"h ! add$ s\nds are1 fir/ d1 !n ed1 !n t2 & ! effect ( add+ /1 :5ev] ! ed is s\nd$ l t1 w c]ta9ly be a p]v]sion ( :at is e/abli%$ z ! true pronunciation ( ! language4 ,= ! solemn & ! famili> pronunciation ( ed unque/ionably diff]4 ,! pres5t t5d5cy to a regul> or?ography1 ought r to be enc\rag$ ?an ?w>t$2 b ! pref]r+ ( mix$ to mixt1 :ipp$ to :ipt1 work$ to wr\ght1 kneel$ to knelt1 & s =?1 does n make mix$/1 :ipp$/1 work$/1 kneel$/1 & ! l1 any m fit = mod]n ,engli%1 ?an are mixte/1 :ipte/1 wr\ghte/1 knelte/1 burnte/1 dwelte/1 helde/1 gilte/1 & _m m ( ! l /amp4 ,& :at c be m absurd ?an = a gramm>ian to insi/ ^u =m+ a great p>cel ( ^! /range & crabb$ words = :i* he c quote no good au?ority8 ,no?+2 except x be = a poet or a rhetorician to huddle toge!r great p>cels ( consonants :i* no mortal man c utt]1#bdd 7z lov'd/1 lurk'd/1 %rugg'd/17 & call !m words4 ,example3 ,! clump ( subtonick & atonick elem5ts at ! t]m9ation ( su* words z ! foll[+1 is frequ5tly1 to ! no small injury ( articulation1 p>ticul>ly slight$3 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 had/1 prob'/1 prob'd/1 hurl'/1 hurl'd/1 arm'/1 arm'd/1 want'/1 want'd/1 burn'/1 burn'd/1 b>k'/1 b>k'd/1 bubbl'/1 bubbl'd/1 tr\bbl'/1 tr\bbl'd/4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #db4 ,! ^w tr\ble may receive ! additional s\nd ( /1 b ?is g5tleman does n "h spell s accurately z a great au?or %\ld4 ,nor did !y :o p5n$ ! foll[+ l9es1 write "h z poets %\ld3-- ,( old ?\ build'/ ?y ?rone on righte\sness4 --,pollok's ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b4 vi1 l4 #fch4 ,= ?\gh ?\ "w'd/ my "m's ill4 --,byron's ,p>as9a4 ,?\ ?yself doat'd/ on womank9d1 admir+4 --,milton's ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #age4 ,b he1 ! sev'n? f !e1 :om ?\ beheld/4 --,id41 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 xi1 l4 #gjj4 ,%all build a wondr\s ark1 z ?\ beheld/4 --,id41 ib41 ,b4 xi1 l4 #hai4 ,?\1 :o in=m'd'/ ?is clay ) active fire6 --,savage's ,poems1 p4 #bdg4 ,?y valiantness 0 m9e1 ?\ suck'd/ x f me4 --,%ak41 ,coriol41 ,act iii4 ,?is clo? ?\ dipp'd/ 9 blood ( my sweet boy4 --,id41 ,h5ry ,,vi1 ,p4 i4 ,great ,que5 ( arms1 ^: fav\r ,tydeus won2 ,z ?\ def5d'/ ! sire1 def5d ! son4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 x1 l4 #ccg4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,dr4 ,l[?1 ^: popul> little ,gramm> 0 writt5 9 or ab\t #ageh1 made no scruple to hem up bo? ! poets & ! ,fri5ds at once1 by a criticism :i* ,i mu/ ne$s consid] m dogmatical ?an true2 & :i*1 f ! suppression ( :at is lea/ objectionable 9 x1 has become1 h] h&s1 ! s\rce ( /ill great] errors3 ,?\ 9 ! polite1 & ev5 9 ! famili> /yle1 is disus$1 & ! plural y is employ$ in/ead ( x2 we say1 y h1 n ?\ ha/4 ,?\gh 9 ?is case1 we apply y to a s+le p]son1 yet ! v]b too mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]2 x mu/ necess>ily be1 y h1 n y ha/4 ,y 0 is an enorm\s solecism1#bde & yet au?ors ( ! fir/ rank h inadv]t5tly fall5 into x4 99 99 99 ,on ! contr>y1 ! solemn /yle admits n ( y = a s+le p]son4 ,?is ha? l$ ,mr4 ,pope into a great impropriety 9 ! beg9n+ ( 8 ,messiah3-- ',o ?\ my voice inspire1 ,:o t\*'d ,isaiah's hall['d lips ) fire6' ,! solemnity ( ! /yle w\ld n admit ( y = ?\1 9 ! pron\n2 nor ! measure ( ! v]se t\*$/1 or did/ t\*1 9 ! v]b1 z x indisp5sably ought to be1 9 ! "o or ! o!r ( ^? two =ms2 y1 :o t\*$1 or ?\1 :o t\*$/1 or did/ t\*4 ',j ( ?y ^w1 9 e ?\ght s9c]e2 ,:o knew no wi%1 b :at ! _w might he>4'--,pope4 ,x ought to be y\r 9 ! fir/ l9e1 or knewe/ 9 ! second4 ,9 ord] to avoid ?is grammatical inconv5i5ce1 ! two di/9ct =ms ( ?\ & y1 are (t5 us$ promiscu\sly by our mod]n poets1 9 ! same p>agraph1 & ev5 9 ! same s5t5ce1 v inelegantly & improp]ly3-- ',n[1 n[1 ,i seize1 ,i clasp ?y *>ms2 ,& n[ y bur/1 ah cruel6 f my arms4'--,pope4 --,l[?'s ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! po9ts ( ,dr4 ,l[?'s doctr9e :i* are n suffici5tly true1 are ! foll[+3 ,fir/1 x is n true1 t ?\1 9 ! famili> /yle1 is totally disus$1 & ! plural y employ$ univ]sally 9 its /ead2 ?\gh ,*ur*ill1 & o!rs1 besides ! good bi%op1 seem to repres5t x s4 ,x is n[ ne>ly two hundr$ ye>s s9ce ! rise ( ! ,society ( ,fri5ds3 &1 :atev] may h be5 ! practice ( o!rs be=e or s9ce1 x is c]ta91 t f _! rise to ! pres5t day1 !re h be51 at e po9t ( "t1 _m ?\s&s :o made no use ( y = ?\2 &1 b = ! clumsy =ms :i* mo/ gramm>ians hold to be indisp5sable to v]bs ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 ! beautiful1 di/9ctive1 & poetical words1 ?\1 ?yself1 ?y1 ?9e1 & !e1 w\ld c]ta9ly be 9 no dang] yet ( becom+ obsolete4 ,nor c !y1 inde$1 at any rate1 become s1 till ! faire/ bran*es ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* %all )]2 or1 :at %\ld seem no graci\s om51 h] bi%ops & cl]gy le>n to pray 9 ! plural numb]1 = fa%ion's sake4 ,secondly1 x is n true1 t1 ?\1 :o t\*'d1 ought indisp5sably to be1 ?\1 :o t\*$/1 or did/ t\*4 ,x is f> bett] to disp5se ) ! inflection1 9 su* a case1 ?an ei!r to impose x1 or to resort to ! plural pron\n4 ,! grammatical inconv5i5ce ( dropp+ ! / or e/ ( a pret]it1 ev5 9 ! solemn /yle1 _c be great1 & may be altoge!r imag9>y2 t ( impos+ x1 except 9 solemn prose1 is n only real1 b is (t5 insup]able4 ,x is n v agreeable1 h[ev]1 to see x add$ to "s v]bs1 & dropp$ f o!rs1 9 ! same s5t5ce3 z1 ,?\1 :o did/ call ! ,furies f ! abyss1 ,& r\nd ,ore/es bade !m h[l & hiss4 --,byron's ,*ilde ,h>old1 ,canto iv1 /4 #acb4 ,?\ satt'/ f age to age insatiate1 ,& drank ! blood ( m51 & gorg$ _! fle%4 --,pollok's ,c\rse ( ,"t1 ,b4 vii1 l4 #gjj4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,we see !n1 t1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,l[? & o!rs1 ! only good ,engli% 9 :i* "o c address an individual on any ord9>y occasion1 is y ) a plural v]b2 & t1 accord+ to ,l9dley ,murray & o!rs1 ! only good ,engli% = ! same purpose1 is ?\ ) a v]b inflect$ ) / or e/4 ,bo? p>ties to ?is po9t$ contradiction1 are m or less 9 ! wrong4 ,! respect ( ! ,fri5ds = ^? sy/ems ( gramm> :i* d5y !m ! famili> use ( ! pron\n ?\1 is c]ta9ly n m rem>kable1 ?an ! respect ( ! _w = ^? :i* condemn ! sub/itution ( ! plural y4 ,let gramm> be a true record ( exi/+ facts1 & all su* contradictions mu/ vani%4 ,&1 c]ta9ly1 ^! great ma/]s "h contradict ea* o!r1 9 :at e "o :o reads ,engli%1 ought to "k4 ,!y agree1 h[ev]1 9 requir+1 z indisp5sable to gramm>1 :at is n only inconv5i5t1 b absolutely impossible4 ,= :at ! measure ( v]se w n admit1 _c be us$ 9 poetry2 & :at may possibly be cr[d$ into x1 w (t5 be f> f ornam5tal4 ,yet our y\? h be5 taught to spoil ! v]sification ( ,pope & o!rs1 aft] ! foll[+ mann]3 ,:o t\*'d ,isaiah's hall['d lips ) fire4 ,say1 ,:o t\*$/ or did/ t\*4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahj4 ,= !e t ev] felt ano!r's wo4 ,say1 ,did/ feel4--,ib4 ,:o knew no wi% b :at ! _w might he>4 ,say1 ,:o knewe/ or did/ "k4--,ib4 ,:o all my s5se conf9'd4 ,say1 ,conf9$/ or did/ conf9e4--,ib41 p4 #ahf4 ,yet gave me 9 ?is d>k e/ate4 ,say1 ,gav$/ or did/ give4--,ib4 ,left free ! human w4--,pope4 ,murray's criticism ext5ds n to ?is l9e1 b by ! analogy we mu/ say1 ,leav$/ or lefte/4 ,n[ x w\ld be easi] to fill a volume ) su* quotations1 & su* corrections1 ?an to f9d suffici5t au?ority to prove "o su* ^w z gav$/1 leav$/1 or lefte/1 to be really good ,engli%4 ,if ,"l ,byron is au?ority = "w'd/1 he is au?ority also = dropp+ ! /1 ev5 :]e x might be add$3-- ----,?\1 :o ) ?y fr[n ,annihilat$ s5ates4 --,*ilde ,h>old's ,pilgrimage1 ,canto iv1 /4 #hc4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,accord+ to ,dr4 ,l[?1 z well z ,co> & "s o!rs1 ^? pret]its 9 :i* ed is s\nd$ l t1 admit ! *ange ( ed into t2 z1 sna*t1 *eckt1 snapt1 mixt1 dropp+ also "o ( ! d\ble lett]s1 dwelt1 pa/4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,if ?is pr9ciple 7 g5]ally adopt$1 ! numb] ( our regul> v]bs w\ld be greatly dim9i%$1 & irregul>ities w\ld be indef9itely increas$4 ,:at confusion ! practice mu/ make 9 ! language1 especially :5 we come to inflect ?is "p ( ! v]b ) / or e/1 has already be5 sugge/$4 ,yet an +5i\s & le>n$ writ]1 an able contributor to ! ,philological ,museum1 publi%$ at ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 9 #ahcb2 trac+ ! hi/ory ( ?is class ( d]ivatives1 & f9d+ t aft] ! ed 0 contract$ 9 pronunciation1 sev]al em95t writ]s1 z ,sp5s]1 ,milton1 & o!rs1 adopt$ 9 mo/ in/ances a contract$ =m ( or?ography2 has s]i\sly endeav\r$ to br+ u back to _! practice4 ,f ^! au?ors1 he cites an abundance ( su* contractions z ! foll[+3 #a4 ,/[d1 hewd1 subdewd1 joyd1 cald1 expeld1 compeld1 spoild1 kild1 seemd1 b5umbd1 armd1 r$eemd1 /a9d1 %und1 paynd1 /ird1 appe>d1 p]ceivd1 resolvd1 obeyd1 equald1 foyld1 hurld1 ru9d1 joynd1 scatt]d1 )]d1 & o!rs end+ 9 d4 #b4 ,clapt1 :ipt1 wor%ipt1 lopt1 /opt1 /ampt1 pickt1 knockt1 l9kt1 puft1 /uft1 hi/1 ki/1 aba%t1 bru%t1 a/oni%t1 vanqui%t1 confe/1 talkt1 twi*t1 & _m o!rs end+ 9 t4 ,?is s*eme divides our regul> v]bs into ?ree classes2 leav+ b v few ( !m to be writt5 z !y n[ are4 ,x proce$s ^u ! pr9ciple ( accommodat+ our or?ography to ! famili>1 r ?an to ! solemn pronunciation ( ! language4 ,?is1 z ,dr4 ,johnson obs]ves1 is to measure by a %ad[4 ,x is1 :atev] %[ ( le>n+ or au?ority may support x1 a p]nici\s innovation4 ,! critic says1 ,i h n v5tur$ to foll[ ! example ( ,sp5s] & ,milton ?r\gh\t1 b h m]ely attempt$ to revive ! old =m ( ! pret]it 9 t4--,phil4 ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ffc4 ,we ought n h[ev] to /op "h1 he ?9ks2 & sugge/s t x w\ld be no small improvem5t1 to write leveld = levell$1 enameld = enamell$1 re=md = re=m$1 c4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,if ! multiplication ( irregul> pret]its1 z above describ$1 is a grammatical error ( great magnitude2 ! =c+ ( our old & well-kn[n irregul> v]bs into regul> =ms t are seldom if ev] us$1 is an opposite error ne>ly z great4 ,&1 9 ei!r case1 !re is ! same emb>rassm5t respect+ ! =mation ( ! second p]son4 ,?us ,cobbett1 9 8 ,engli% ,gramm> 9 a ,s]ies ( ,lett]s1 has dogmatically giv5 u a li/ ( sev5ty v]bs1 :i*1 he says1 are1 by "s p]sons1 errone\sly deem$ irregul>2 & has includ$ 9 x ! words1 bl[1 build1 ca/1 cl+1 creep1 freeze1 draw1 ?r[1 & ! l1 to ! numb] ( sixty2 s t he is really "r 9 no m ?an "o sev5? "p ( 8 catalogue4 ,&1 :at is m /range1 = sev]al ( ! irregul>ities :i* he c5sures1 8 own au?ority may be quot$ f ! e>ly editions ( ?is v book3 z1 ,= y c\ld h ?r[n ab\t se$s4--,edition ( #ahah1 p4 #ac4 ,= y c\ld h ?r[$ ab\t se$s4--,edition ( #ahcb1 p4 #ac4 ,a tree is bl[n d[n4--,ed4 ( #ahah1 p4 #bg4 ,a tree is bl[$ d[n4--,ed4 ( #ahcb1 p4 #be4 ,x froze h>d la/ night4 ,n[1 :at 0 x t froze s h>d8--,ed4 ( #ahah1 p4 #ch4 ,x freez$ h>d la/ night4 ,n[1 :at 0 x t freez$ s h>d8--,ed4 ( #ahcb1 p4 #ce4 ,a :ole page ( su* contradictions may be quot$ f ?is "o gramm>ian1 %[+ t he did n "k :at =m ( ! pret]it he ought to pref]4 ,f su* an in/ructor1 :o c f9d out :at is good ,engli%1 & :at is n8 ,respect+ ! inflections ( ! v]b1 ?is au?or says1 ,!re are ?ree p]sons2 b1 our v]bs h no v>iation 9 _! spell+1 except = ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #hh4 ,aga93 ,obs]ve1 h[ev]1 t1 9 our language1 !re is no v great use 9 ?is di/9ction ( modes2 because1 = ! mo/ "p1 our little signs d ! bus9ess1 & !y nev] v>y 9 ! lett]s ( :i* !y are compos$4--,ib41 #ie4 ,"o w\ld suppose1 f ^! rem>ks1 t ,cobbett meant to dismiss ! pron\n ?\ entirely f 8 conjugations4 ,n s at all4 ,9 direct contradiction to himself1 he proce$s to inflect ! v]b z foll[s3 ,i "w1 ,?\ worke/1 ,he works2 c4 ,i work$1 ,?\ work$/1 ,he work$2 c4 ,i %all or w "w1 ,?\ %alt or wilt "w1 ,he %all or w "w2 c4--,ib41 #ih4 ,all ! comp\nd t5ses1 except ! future1 he rejects1 z ?+s :i* c only s]ve to fill up a book4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,x is a common b errone\s op9ion ( our gramm>ians1 t ! unsyllabic suffix /1 :]ev] f\nd1 is a mod]n contraction ( ! syllable e/4 ,no writ]1 h[ev]1 ?9ks x always necess>y to rem9d 8 read]s ( ?is1 by ins]t+ ! sign ( contraction2 ?\gh ,engli% books are n a little disfigur$ by que/ionable apo/rophes ins]t$ = no o!r reason4 ,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,! nature ( our language1 ! acc5t & pronunciation ( x1 incl9es incl9e u to contract ev5 all our regul> v]bs3 ?us lov$1 turn$1 are commonly pron\nc$ 9 "o syllable lov'd1 turn'd3 & ! second p]son1 :i* 0 orig9ally 9 ?ree syllables1 lov$e/1 turn$e/1 is say has n[ become a dissyllable1 lov$/1 turn$/4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #de2 ,hiley's1 #de2 ,*ur*ill's1 #ajd4 ,see also ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aad2 & ,co>'s1 p4 #ajb4 ,?is latt] doctr9e1 ) all its v\*]s1 /ill ne$s confirmation4 ,:at is x b an idle conjecture8 ,if x 7 true1 a few quotations might easily prove x2 b :51 & by :om1 h any su* words z lov$e/1 turn$e/1 ev] be5 us$8 ,= aught ,i see1 ! simple / is z complete & z old a t]m9ation = ! second p]son s+ul> ( an ,engli% v]b1 z e/2 inde$1 x appe>s to be old]3 &1 = ! pret]it1 x is1 & 7,i believe7 always has be51 ! mo/ regul>1 if n ! only regul>1 addition4 ,if suff]$e/1 w\nd$e/1 & kill$e/1 are words m regul> ?an suff]$/1 w\nd$/1 kill$/1 !n are he>de/1 knewe/1 slewe/1 sawe/1 ranne/1 mete/1 swamme/1 & ! l1 m regul> ?an he>d/1 knew/1 slew/1 saw/1 ran/1 met/1 swam/1 sat/1 said/1 l$/1 fl$/1 told/1 & s =?2 b n o!rwise4#bdf ,s1 9 ! solemn /yle1 we write seeme/1 deeme/1 swimme/1 l seeme?1 deeme?1 swimme?1 & s =?2 b1 :5 we use ! =m :i* has no increase ( syllables1 :y is an apo/rophe m necess>y 9 ! second p]son1 ?an 9 ! ?ird8--9 seem/1 deem/1 swim/1 ?an 9 seems1 deems1 swims8 ,:5 f9al e is dropp$ f ! v]b1 ! case is diff]5t2 z1 ,?\ cut/ my head (f ) a gold5 axe1 ,& smil'/ ^u ! /roke t murd]s me4--,%akspe>e4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,dr4 ,l[? supposes ! v]bal t]m9ation s or es to h come f a contraction ( e?4 ,he says1 ,sometimes1 by ! rapidity ( our pronunciation1 ! v[els are %ort5$ or lo/2 & ! consonants1 :i* are ?r[n toge!r1 d n coalesce ) "o ano!r1 & are !re=e *ang$ into o!rs ( ! same organ1 or ( a k9dr$ species4 ,?is occasions a f>!r deviation f ! regul> =m3 ?us1 love?1 turne?1 are contract$ into lov'?1 turn'?1 & ^!1 = easi] pronunciation1 imm$iately become loves1 turns4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #df2 ,hiley's1 #de4 ,?is etymology may possibly be j1 b c]ta9ly su* contractions z are "h spok5 (1 7 n v common 9 ,l[?'s age1 or ev5 9 t ( ,b5 ,jonson1 :o resi/$ ! s4 ,nor is ! s\nd ( %>p ? v obvi\sly ak9 to flat s4 ,! *ange w\ld h be5 less viol5t1 if lov'/ & turn/ _h become loves & turns2 z "s p n[adays are apt to *ange !m1 ?\gh d\btless ?is is a grammatical error3 z1 ,& :]esoe'er ?\ ca/s ?y view4 --,c[ley4 ,nor ?\ t fl+s me fl\nd]+ f ?y back4 --,bat4 ( ,frogs & ,mice1 #a1abc4 ,?\ sitt'/ on high1 & measures de/9ies4 --,pollok1 ,c\rse ( ,"t1 ,b4 vi1 #a1 #ffh4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,possibly1 ^? p]sonal t]m9ations ( ! v]b :i* d n =m syllables1 are m]e contractions or relics ( e/ & e?1 :i* are syllables2 b x is p]haps n q s easy to prove !m s1 z "s au?ors imag9e4 ,9 ! olde/ specim5s giv5 by ,dr4 ,johnson 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language1--specim5s be>+ a mu* e>li] date ?an ! ,engli% language c claim1--ev5 9 :at he calls ,saxon 9 its highe/ /ate ( purity1 bo? / & ? are (t5 add$ to v]bs1 )\t =m+ additional syllables1 & )\t any sign ( contraction4 ,nor 7 v]bs ( ! second p]son s+ul> always inflect$ ( old1 9 ^? p>ts to :i* e/ 0 aft]w>ds v commonly add$4 ,examples3 ,buton ic wat ?t ?u hoef/ ?>a wpna4--,k+ ,alfr$4 ,b ,i "k t ?\ ha/ ^? weapons4 ,?t ?u oncnawe ?>a worda so?f/nesse4 ( ?am ! ?u gelo]$ e>t4--,luc1 i1 #d4 ,t ?\ mighte/ "k ! c]ta9ty ( ^? ?+s :]e9 ?\ ha/ be5 in/ruct$4--,luke1 i1 #d4 ,& ?u nem/ 8 naman ,johannes4--,luc1 i1 #ac4 ,& 8 "n s*al be clepid ,jon4--,wickliffe's ,v]sion4 ,& ?\ %alt call 8 "n ,john4--,luke1 i1 #ac4 ,& he ne dr9c? w9 ne beor4--,luc1 i1 #ae4 ,he s*al n dr9ke wyn ne sydyr4--,wickliffe4 ,& %all dr9k nei!r w9e nor /rong dr9k4--,luke1 i1 #ae4 ,& nu ?u bi/ suwig5de4 & ?u sprecan ne miht o? ?one dg ! ?as ?+ gewur?a?4 =?am ?u m9um wordum ne gelyfde/4 ?a beo? on hyra timan gefyll$e4--,luc1 i1 #bj4 ,& lo1 ?\ s*alt be d\mbe1 & ?\ s*alt n m[e speke1 til into ! day 9 :i* ^! ?+is s*ul5 be don1 = ?\ ha/ n belev$ to my wordis1 :i*e s*ul5 be fulfild 9 h] tyme4--,wickliffe4 ,&1 behold1 ?\ %alt be dumb1 & n able to speak1 until ! day t#bdg ^! ?+s %all be p]=m$1 because ?\ believe/ n my words1 :i* %all be fulfill$ 9 _! season4--,luke1 i1 #bj4 ,9 *aungyng ( h] c\rse1 ! *aunge %ew? ?is1 ,vp />t? a knaue1 & d[ne !re fal? a knight4 --,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,! coroll>y t[>ds :i* ! =ego+ obs]vations are direct$1 is ?is4 ,z mo/ ( ! peculi> t]m9ations by :i* ! second p]son s+ul> is prop]ly di/+ui%$ 9 ! solemn /yle1 are n only difficult ( utt]ance1 b are qua9t & =mal 9 conv]sation2 ! pret]its & auxili>ies ( our v]bs are seldom v>i$ 9 famili> disc\rse1 & ! pres5t is g5]ally simplifi$ by contraction1 or by ! add+ ( / )\t increase ( syllables4 ,a di/9ction betwe5 ! solemn & ! famili> /yle has long be5 admitt$1 9 ! pronunciation ( ! t]m9ation ed1 & 9 ! end+ ( ! v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 & x is evid5tly accord+ to good ta/e & ! be/ usage1 to admit su* a di/9ction 9 ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,9 ! famili> use ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 ! v]b is usually v>i$ only 9 ! pres5t t5se ( ! indicative mood1 & 9 ! auxili>y ha/ ( ! p]fect4 ,?is me?od ( v>y+ ! v]b r5d]s ! second p]son s+ul> analog\s to ! ?ird1 & accords ) ! practice ( ! mo/ intellig5t ( ^? :o reta9 ! common use ( ?is di/9ctive & consi/5t mode ( address4 ,x dis5cumb]s _! famili> dialect ( a multitude ( h>% & useless t]m9ations1 :i* s]ve only1 :5 utt]$1 to give an unc\? prom95cy to words n (t5 emphatic2 &1 )\t impair+ ! /r5g? or p]spicuity ( ! language1 increases its h>mony1 & r$uces ! =m ( ! v]b 9 ! second p]son s+ul> ne>ly to ! same simplicity z 9 ! o!r p]sons & numb]s4 ,x may s]ve also1 9 "s in/ances1 to ju/ify ! poets1 9 ^? abbreviations = :i* !y h be5 s unreasonably c5sur$ by ,l[?1 ,murray1 & "s o!r gramm>ians3 z1 ,& ?\ _! natures kn[/1 & gave !m names1 ,ne$less to !e repeat$4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,book vii1 l9e #did4 ,,obs4 #be4--,! writ+s ( ! ,fri5ds1 be+ mo/ly ( a grave ca/1 af=d b few examples ( _! cu/om>y mann] ( =m+ ! v]b 9 connexion ) ! pron\n ?\1 9 famili> disc\rse4 ,! foll[+ may s]ve to illu/rate x3 ,suitable to ! (fice ?\ lay/ claim to4--,r4 ,,b>clay',s ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bg4 ,not)/&+ ?\ may h s5tim5ts opposite to m9e4--,,?omas ,,/ory4 ,to devote all ?\ _h to 8 s]vice2--,if ?\ %\ld come2--,:at ?\ said2--,?\ k9dly contribut$2--,! epi/le :i* ?\ s5t me2--,?\ w\ld p]haps all[2--,if ?\ submitt$2--,s9ce ?\ left2--,%\ld ?\ act2--,?\ may be ready2--,t ?\ _h met2--,t ?\ _h intimat$2--,be=e ?\ puts put/2--,:at ?\ meets meet/2--,if ?\ _h made2--,i obs]v$ ?\ 02--,t ?\ might put ?y tru/2--,?\ _h be5 at my h\se4--,,john ,,k5dall4 ,?\ may be plund]$2--,t ?\ may feel2--,?\gh ?\ wait$ long1 & s\ght him2--,i hope ?\ w be> my /yle2--,?\ also kn[s kn[/2--,?\ grew up2--,i wi% ?\ w\ld yet take my c\nsel4--,,/eph5 ,,crisp4 ,?\ manife/$ ?y t5d] reg>d1 /ret*$ =? ?y deliv]+ h&1 & f$ & su/a9$ u4--,,samuel ,,fo!rgill4 ,! writ] has met ) ?\s&s t us$ ! second p]son s+ul> 9 conv]sation1 b nev] ) any "o t employ$1 on ord9>y occasions1 all ! regul> end+s ( ! solemn /yle4 ,! simplification ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 :i*1 to a great] or less ext5t1 is ev]y:]e adopt$ by ! ,fri5ds1 & :i* is "h def9$ & expla9$1 removes f ea* v]b eighte5 ( ^! peculi> t]m9ations2 &1 7if ! numb] ( ,engli% v]bs be1 z /at$ by sev]al gramm>ians1 #hjjj17 disburd5s _! famili> dialect ( #add1jjj ( ^! awkw>d & useless app5dages4#bdh ,?is simplification is support$ by usage z ext5sive z ! famili> use ( ! pron\n ?\2 & is also 9 accordance ) ! canons ( criticism3 ,! fir/ canon on ?is subject is1 ,all words & phrases :i* are rem>kably h>% & unh>moni\s1 & n absolutely necess>y1 %\ld be reject$4 ,see ,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 ,b4 ii1 ,*4 ii1 ,sec4 #b1 ,canon ,six?1 p4 #aha4 ,see also1 9 ! same "w1 7,b4 hi1 ,*4 iv1 ,sec4 #b;d17 an express def5ce ( ^? elisions :]eby ! s\nd is improv$2 especially ( ! suppression ( ! feeble v[el 9 ! la/ syllable ( ! pret]its ( our regul> v]bs2 & ( su* abbreviations z ! eag]ness ( convey+ "o's s5tim5ts1 ! rapidity & ease ( utt]ance1 necess>ily produce1 9 ! dialect ( conv]sation4--,pages #dbf & #dbg4 ,"l ,kames says1 ,t ! ,engli% tongue1 orig9ally h>%1 is at pres5t mu* s(t5$ by dropp+ _m r$undant consonants1 is und\bt$ly true2 t x is n capable ( be+ fur!r mell[$ )\t suff]+ 9 its =ce & en]gy1 w sc>ce be ?\ght by any "o :o possesses an e>4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ab4 ,,obs4 #bf4--,! foll[+ examples are f a lett] ( an ,african ,pr9ce1 translat$ by ,dr4 ,desaguilli] ( ,cambridge1 ,engl&1 9 #agdc1 & publi%$ 9 a ,london newspap]3 ,i lie !re too ^u ! b$ ?\ pres5t$ me2--,aft] ?\ left me1 9 ?y swimm+ h\se2--,^? good ?+s ?\ pres5t$ me2--,:5 ?\ spake to ! ,great ,_s & 8 ,son4 ,if x is desirable t our language %\ld reta9 ?is p[] ( a simple lit]al v]sion ( :at 9 o!rs may be famili>ly express$ by ! second p]son s+ul>1 x is cle> t our gramm>ians mu/ n cont9ue to dogmatize accord+ to ! lett] ( "s au?ors hi!rto popul>4 ,b n e popul> gramm> condemns su* phraseology z ! =ego+4 ,i improv$1 ,?\ improv$/1 c4 ,?is t]m9ation ( ! second p]son pret]it1 on acc\nt ( its h>%ness1 is seldom us$1 & especially 9 ! irregul> v]bs4--,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,! t]m9ation e/1 annex$ to ! pret] t5ses ( v]bs1 is1 at be/1 a v h>% "o1 :5 x is contract$1 accord+ to our g5]al cu/om ( ?r[+ out ! e2 z le>n$/1 = le>n$e/2 & especially1 if x be aga9 contract$ into "o syllable1 z x is commonly pron\nc$1 & made le>nd/4 99 99 99 ,i believe a writ] or speak] w\ld h rec\rse to any p]iphrasis r ?an say kepte/1 or kept/4 99 99 99 ,inde$ ?is h>% t]m9ation e/ is g5]ally q dropp$ 9 common conv]sation1 & sometimes by ! poets1 9 writ+4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aae4 ,! fact is1 x nev] 0 add$ ) mu* uni=mity4 ,examples3 ,b l ! hell h\nde ?\ wax$ fall furi\s1 express+ ?y malice :5 ?\ to hon\r /i$4--,,fabian',s ,,*ronicle1 ,v4 ii1 p4 #ebb3 9 ,tooke's ,div]s41 ,t4 ii1 p4 #bcb4 ,?\ f ! arctic regions came4 ,p]haps ,?\ notic$ on ?y way a little orb1 ,att5d$ by "o moon--h] lamp by night4 --,pollok1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #e4 ',s ,i believ'd4'--,no1 ,abel6 to ?y grief1 ,s ?\ rel9qui%'d all t 0 belief4 --,crabbe1 ,bor\gh1 p4 #bgi4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,l4 ,murray1 & 8 num]\s copyi/s1 ,+]soll1 ,gre5leaf1 ,kirkham1 ,fisk1 ,fl9t1 ,comly1 ,alg]1 & ! re/2 ?\gh !y insi/ on x1 t ! / ( ! second p]son c nev] be disp5s$ )1 except 9 ! imp]ative mood & "s p>ts ( ! subjunctive2 are n altoge!r ins5sible ( t mon/r\s h>%ness :i* _! doctr9e imposes ^u ! language4 ,"s ( !m tell u to avoid ?is by pref]r+ ! auxili>ies do/ & did/3 z do/ bur/1 = bur/e/2 did/ *eck1 = *eck$/4 ,?is recomm5dation proce$s on ! supposition t do/ & did/ are smoo!r syllables ?an e/ & ed/2 :i* is n true3 did/ le>n is h>%] ?an ei!r le>n$/ or le>nte/2 & all ?ree ( !m are intol]able 9 common disc\rse4 ,nor is ! en]gy1 or positiv5ess1 :i* gramm>ians ascribe to ^! auxili>ies1 always appropriate4 ,except 9 a "q1 do/ & did/1 l d1 does1 & did1 are usually signs ( emphasis2 & !re=e unfit to be sub/itut$ = ! /1 e/1 or ed/1 ( an unemphatic v]b4 ,kirkham1 :o1 z we h se51 graces 8 ,elocution ) su* unutt]able ?+s1 z prob'd/1 hurl'd/1 arm'd/1 want'd/1 burn'd/1 b>k'd/1 bubbl'd/1 tr\bbl'd/1 attributes ! use ( ! plural = ! s+ul>1 to a design ( avoid+ ! ragg$ness ( ! latt]4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! disagreeable h>%ness ( s\nd1 occasion$ by ! frequ5t recurr5ce ( ! t]m9ation e/1 ed/1 9 ! adaptation ( our v]bs to ! nom9ative ?\1 a mod]n innovation :i* sub/itutes y = ?\1 9 famili> /yle1 has g5]ally be5 adopt$4 ,?is innovation contributes greatly to ! h>mony ( our colloquial /yle4 ,y 0 =m]ly re/rict$ to ! plural numb]2 b n[ x is employ$ to repres5t ei!r a s+ul> or a plural n\n4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,a mod]n innovation1 =soo?6 ,does n e body "k x 0 curr5t f\r hundr$ ye>s ago1 or m8 ,c]ta9ly1 bo? ye & y 7 appli$ 9 ?is mann]1 to ! great1 z e>ly z ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,*auc] sometimes us$ !m s1 & he di$ 9 #adjj4 ,sir ,t4 ,m uses !m s1 9 a piece dat$ #aejc4 ,o d]e cosyn1 ,dan ,johan1 %e sayde1 ,:at eyle? y s ra! to aryse8--,*auc]4 ,%akspe>e mo/ commonly uses ?\1 b he sometimes has y 9 /ead ( x4 ,?us1 he makes ,portia say to ,brutus3 ,y sudd5ly arose1 & walk'd ab\t1 ,mus+1 & sigh+1 ) y\r arms across2 ,& :5 ,i ask'd y :at ! matt] 01 ,y />'d ^u me ) ung5tle looks4--,j4 ,cs>1 ,act ii1 ,sc4 #b4 ,,obs4 #bh4--,!re is a natural t5d5cy 9 all languages to ?r[ out ! rugg$ p>ts :i* improp] consonants produce1 & to pres]ve ^? :i* are melodi\s & agreeable to ! e>4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bi4 ,! ,engli% tongue1 s rem>kable = its grammatical simplicity1 is load$ ) a great v>iety ( dull unmean+ t]m9ations4 ,mr4 ,%]idan attributes ?is defect1 to an utt] inatt5tion to :at is easy to ! organs ( spee* & agreeable to ! e>2 & fur!r adds1 t1 '! ,fr5* hav+ be5 adopt$ z ! language ( ! c\rt1 no notice 0 tak51 ( ! spell+ or pronunciation ( our words1 until ! reign ( que5 ,anne4' ,s little 0 spell+ att5d$ to 9 ! "t ( ,elizabe?1 t ,dr4 ,johnson in=ms u1 t on ref]r+ to ,%akspe>e's w1 to det]m9e h[ 8 "n 0 spelt1 he 0 f\nd to h writt5 x himself 9 no less few] ?an ?ree diff]5t ways4--,ib41 p4 #dgg4 ,9 old books1 our p>ticipial or v]bal t]m9ation ed1 is f\nd writt5 9 ab\t a doz5 diff]5t ways2 z1 ed1 de1 d1 t1 id1 x1 yd1 yt1 ede1 od1 ud4 ,= e/ & e?1 we f9d sometimes ! consonants only2 sometimes1 i/ or y/1 i? or y?2 sometimes1 = ! latt]1 o? or a?2 & sometimes ! end+ 0 omitt$ altoge!r4 ,9 e>ly times also ! ? 0 an end+ = v]bs ( ! ?ird p]son plural1 z well z = ^? ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2#bdi &1 9 ! imp]ative mood1 x 0 appli$ to ! second p]son1 bo? s+ul> & plural3 z1 ,demi? ?yself1 t demi/ o!r's d$e2 ,& tr\! ! %all deliv]1 x's no dr$e4--,*auc]4 ,,obs4 #bi4--;,x mu/ be obvi\s to e "o :o has mu* acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( our language1 t ?is "p ( its gramm> has always be5 q z unsettl$ z x is n[2 &1 h[ev] we may wi% to e/abli% its pr9ciples1 x is idle to tea* = absolute c]ta9ty t :i* e man's k may confute4 ,let ^? :o desire to see our =ms ( conjugation z sure z ^? ( o!r tongues1 /udy to exemplify 9 _! own practice :at t5ds to uni=mity4 ,! be/ t c be done by ! au?or ( a gramm>1 is1 to exhibit usage1 z x has be51 & z x is2 po9t+ out to ! le>n] :at is mo/ fa%ionable1 z well z :at is mo/ ord]ly & agreeable4 ,if by ^! means ! usage ( writ]s & speak]s _c be fix$ to :at is fitte/ = _! occasions1 & !re=e mo/ grammatical1 !re is 9 gramm> no rem$y = _! inaccuracies2 z !re is none = ! blund]s ( dull op9ioni/s1 none = ! absurdities ( ,ignorance /all$ 9 ! seats ( ,le>n+4 ,"s gramm>ians say1 t1 :5ev] ! pret]it ( an irregul> v]b is l ! pres5t1 x %\ld take ed/ = ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,?is rule1 7:i* is adopt$ by ,walk]1 9 8 ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #cgb17 gives u su* words z ca/-ed/1 co/-ed/1 bid-d$/1 bur/-ed/1 cut-t$/1 hit-t$/1 let-t$/1 put-t$/1 hurt-ed/1 rid-d$/1 %$-d$/1 c4 ,b ! rule is gr\ndless4 ,! few examples :i* may be adduc$ f anci5t writ+s1 9 support ( ?is pr9ciple1 are und\bt$ly =m$ 9 ! usual mann] f regul> pret]its n[ obsolete2 & if ?is 7 n ! case1 no p]son ( ta/e c\ld ?9k ( employ+1 on any occasion1 d]ivatives s unc\?4 ,dr4 ,johnson has ju/ly rem>k$1 t ! *ief defect ( our language1 is rugg$ness & asp]ity4 ,& ?is defect1 z "s ( ! =ego+ rem>ks h %[n1 is peculi>ly obvi\s1 :5 ev5 ! regul> t]m9ation ( ! second p]son s+ul> is add$ to our pret]its4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d num]\s in/ances among ! poets1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 9 :i* t t]m9ation is omitt$4 ,see ,p]cy's ,reliques ( ,anci5t ,poetry1 ev]y:]e4 ,?\1 :o ( old ! prophet's eye unseal$4--,pollok4 ,?\ saw ! fields laid b>e & wa/e4--,burns4#bej ,,obs4 #cj4--,) ! famili> =m ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 ^? :o con/antly put y = ?\ c h no conc]n2 & _m may ?9k x unwor?y ( notice1 because ,murray has said no?+ ab\t x3 o!rs w ha/ily pron\nce x bad ,engli%1 because !y h le>n$ at s*ool "s s*eme ( ! v]b1 :i* implies t ?is mu/ ne$s be wrong4 ,x is ?is p>tial le>n+ :i* makes s mu* explanation "h necess>y4 ,! =mation ( ?is "p ( spee*1 =m x z y w1 is c5tral to gramm>1 & _c b be v important4 ,our language c nev] entirely drop ! pron\n ?\1 & its d]ivatives1 ?y1 ?9e1 !e1 ?yself1 )\t great injury1 especially to its poetry4 ,nor c ! di/9ct syllabic utt]ance ( ! t]m9ation ed be n[ g5]ally practis$1 except 9 solemn prose4 ,x is !re=e bett]1 n to insi/ on ^? old v]bal =ms aga9/ :i* !re are s _m objections1 ?an to exclude ! pron\n ( ! second p]son s+ul> f all su* usage1 :e!r famili> or poetical1 z w n admit !m4 ,x is true t on mo/ occasions y may be sub/itut$ = ?\1 )\t mu* inconv5i5ce2 & s may we be sub/itut$ = ,i1 ) j z mu* propriety2 ?\gh ,dr4 ,p]ley ?9ks ! latt] usage is n to be enc\rag$4--,gram41 p4 #bh4 ,our au?ors & editors1 l k+s & emp]ors1 are mak+ we = ,i _! mo/ common mode ( expression4 ,!y r5\nce _! individuality to avoid egotism4 ,& :5 all m5 %all h adopt$ ?is enallage1 ! fault inde$ w be bani%$1 or metamorphos$1 b ) x w g an o!r six? "p ( e ,engli% conjugation4 ,! pron\ns 9 ! foll[+ c\plet are put = ! fir/ p]son s+ul>1 ! second p]son s+ul>1 & ! second p]son plural2 yet nobody w und]/& !m s1 b by _! antec$5ts3 ,"r tru/y1 & s =?--we let y to "k ,we are v ill us$ by y mortals bel[4--,swift4 ,,obs4 #ca4--;,x is rem>kable t "s1 :o =be> to use ! plural = ! s+ul> 9 ! second p]son1 adopt x )\t scruple1 9 ! fir/4 ,! figure is ! same 9 bo?2 & 9 bo?1 suffici5tly common4 ,nei!r practice is wor?y to be made m g5]al ?an x n[ is4 ,if ?\ %\ld n be totally sacrific$ to :at 0 once a va9 complim5t1 nei!r %\ld ,i1 to :at is n[ an occasional1 & p]haps a va9 assumption4 ,l9dley ,murray1 :o does n appe> to h us$ y = ?\1 & :o 0 sometimes s+ul>ly c>eful to p]iphrase sic--,,k? & avoid ! latt]1 n[h]e 9 8 gramm> speaks ( himself 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul>4 ,he is (t5 ! ,compil]2 r>ely1 ! ,au?or2 g5]ally1 ,we3 z1 ,we h di/ribut$ ^! p>ts ( gramm>1 9 ! mode :i* we ?9k mo/ correct & intelligible4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,we %all n pursue ?is subject any fur!r4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,we %all close ^! rem>ks on ! t5ses4--,ib41 p4 #gf4 ,we presume no solid objection c be made4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,! obs]vations :i* we h made4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,we %all produce a rem>kable example ( ?is beauty f ,milton4--,ib41 p4 #cca4 ,we h n[ giv5 suffici5t op5+s into ?is subject4--,ib41 p4 #ccd4 ,?is usage has au?ority en\gh2 = x 0 n uncommon ev5 among ! old ,lat9 gramm>ians2 b he mu/ be a sl5d] s*ol>1 :o ?9ks ! pron\n we !reby becomes s+ul>4 ,:at advantage or fitness !re is 9 ?us putt+ we = ,i1 ! read] may judge4 ,dr4 ,blair did n hesitate to use ,i1 z (t5 z ho _h occasion2 nei!r did ,l[?1 or ,johnson1 or ,walk]1 or ,web/]3 z1 ,i %all produce a rem>kable example ( ?is beauty f ,milton4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abi4 ,i h n[ giv5 suffici5t op5+s into ?is subject4--,ib41 p4 #aca4 ,s 9 ,l[?'s ,preface3 ,i believe1--,i am p]suad$1--,i am sure1--,i ?9k1--,i am afraid1--,i w n take ^u me to say4 ,,obs4 #cb4--;,int5d+ to be critical )\t ho/ility1 & explicit )\t p>tiality1 ,i write n = or aga9/ any sect1 or any man2 b to tea* all :o desire to "k ! gramm> ( our tongue4 ,! /ud5t mu/ di/9ctly und]/&1 t x is necess>y to speak & write diff]5tly1 accord+ to ! diff]5t circum/ances or occasions ( writ+4 ,:o is he t w pret5d t ! solemn /yle ( ! ,bible may be us$ 9 famili> disc\rse1 )\t a m\?+ affectation8 ,9 prea*+1 or 9 pray+1 ! anci5t t]m9ations ( e/ = ! second p]son s+ul> & e? = ! ?ird1 z well z ed pron\nc$ z a sep>ate syllable = ! pret]it1 are admitt$ to be g5]ally 9 bett] ta/e ?an ! smoo!r =ms ( ! famili> /yle3 because ! latt]1 ?\gh n[ frequ5tly he>d 9 religi\s assemblies1 are n s well suit$ to ! dignity & gravity ( a s]mon or a pray]4 ,9 grave poetry also1 especially :5 x treats ( scriptural subjects1 to :i* y put = ?\ is obvi\sly unsuitable1 ! p]sonal t]m9ations ( ! v]b1 ?\gh f ! e>lie/ times to ! pres5t day !y h usually be5 contract$ & (t5 omitt$ by ! poets1 ought /ill p]haps to be consid]$ grammatically necess>y1 :5ev] !y c be utt]$1 agreeably to ! notion ( our tuneless critics4 ,! critical objection to _! elision1 h[ev]1 c h no v firm f\ndation :ile x is admitt$ by "s ( ! objectors !mselves1 t1 ,writ]s g5]ally h rec\rse to ?is mode ( expression1 t !y may avoid h>% t]m9ations4-- ,irv+'s ,elem5ts ( ,engli% ,composition1 p4 #ab4 ,b if writ]s ( good au?ority1 su* z ,pope1 ,byron1 & ,pollok1 h sometimes _h rec\rse to ?is me?od ( simplify+ ! v]b1 ev5 9 compositions ( a grave ca/1 ! elision may1 ) t5fold /rong] reason1 be admitt$ 9 famili> writ+ or disc\rse1 on ! au?ority ( g5]al cu/om among ^? :o *oose to employ ! pron\n ?\ 9 conv]sation4 ,b ?\1 false ,arcite1 nev] %all obta91 c4 --,dryd51 ,fables4 ,^! goods ?yself c on ?yself be/[4 --,id41 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,:at ,i %[1 ?y self may freely on ?yself be/[4 --,id41 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,t ?\ might ,=tune to ?y side engage4 --,prior4 ,( all ?\ ev] conqu]$1 none 0 left4 --,pollok1 ,b4 vii1 l4 #gfj4 ,& t\* me trembl+1 z ?\ t\*$ ! man1 c4 --,id41 ,b4 x1 l4 #fj4 ,,obs4 #cc4--,"s ( ! ,fri5ds 7p]haps f an idea t x is less =mal7 misemploy !e = ?\2 & (t5 jo9 x to ! ?ird p]son ( ! v]b 9 /ead ( ! second4 ,su* expressions z1 !e does1 !e is1 !e has1 !e ?9ks1 c41 are d\ble solecisms2 !y set all gramm> at defiance4 ,aga91 _m p]sons :o are n ignorant ( gramm>1 & :o employ ! pron\n aright1 sometimes improp]ly sacrifice concord to a slight improvem5t 9 s\nd1 & give to ! v]b ! end+ ( ! ?ird p]son1 = t ( ! second4 ,?ree or f\r in/ances ( ?is1 occur 9 ! examples :i* h be5 already quot$4 ,see also ! foll[+1 & _m m1 9 ! works ( ! poet ,burns2 :o says ( himself1 ,?\gh x co/ ! s*oolma/] "s ?ra%+s1 ,i made an excell5t ,engli% s*ol>2 &1 by ! "t ,i 0 t5 or elev5 ye>s ( age1 ,i 0 a critic 9 sub/antives1 ,,v]bs1 & p>ticles3--,b :5 ?\ p\rs2--,!re ?\ %9es *ief2--,?\ cle>s ! head2--,?\ /r+s ! n]ves2--,?\ bright5s black despair2--,?\ comes2--,?\ travels f>2--,n[ ?\'s turn$ out2--,unse5 ?\ lurks2--,o ?\ pale orb t sil5t %9es4 ,?is mode ( simplify+ ! v]b1 conf\nds ! p]sons2 &1 z x has little advantage 9 s\nd1 ov] ! regul> contract$ =m ( ! second p]son1 x ought to be avoid$4 ,) ?is au?or x may be1 p]haps1 a ,scotticism3 z1 ,?\ pa9ts auld nature to ! n9es1 ,9 ?y sweet ,cal$onian l9es4--,burns to ,ramsay4 ,?\ pa9t/ old nature1 w\ld be ab\t z smoo? poetry1 & c]ta9ly mu* bett] ,engli%4 ,?is conf\nd+ ( ! p]sons ( ! v]b1 h[ev]1 is no mod]n peculi>ity4 ,x appe>s to be ab\t z old z ! use ( s = ? or e?4 ,sp5s]1 ! great ,engli% poet ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 may be cit$ 9 pro(3 z1 ,sik]1 ?\'s b a lazy loord1 ,& rekes mu* ( ?y sw9ke4--,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,loord4 ,,obs4 #cd4--;,9 ! solemn /yle1 7except 9 poetry1 :i* usually contracts ^! =ms17 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! pres5t indicative1 & t ( ! irregul> pret]its1 commonly end 9 e/1 pron\nc$ z a sep>ate syllable1 & requir+ ! duplication ( ! f9al consonant1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d = ,spell+3 z1 ,i run1 ?\ runne/2 ,i ran1 ?\ ranne/4 ,b z ! t]m9ation ed1 9 solemn disc\rse1 con/itutes a syllable1 ! regul> pret]its =m ! second p]son s+ul> by assum+ /1 )\t fur!r increase ( syllables3 z1 ,i lov$1 ?\ lov$/2 n1 lov$e/1 z ,*&l] made x 9 8 ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #da1 ,edition ( #ahba2 & z ,wells's rule1 above cit$1 if lit]ally tak51 w\ld make x4 ,do/ & ha/1 & ! ?ree irregul> pret]its1 wa/1 did/1 & had/1 are p]man5tly contract$2 ?\gh doe/ & didde/ are sometimes se5 9 old books4 ,said/ is m common1 & p]haps m regul>1 ?an saide/4 ,w]e/ has long be5 contract$ into w]t3 ,i w\ld ?\ w]e/ ei!r cold or hot4--,w4 ,p]k9s1 #afjh4bea ,! auxili>ies %all & w *ange ! f9al l to t1 & become %alt & wilt4 ,to ! auxili>ies1 may1 c1 might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 & %\ld1 ! t]m9ation e/ 0 =m]ly add$2 b !y are n[ g5]ally writt5 ) / only1 & pron\nc$ z monosyllables1 ev5 9 solemn disc\rse4 ,murray1 9 quot+ ! ,scriptures1 v (t5 *>ges maye/ to may/1 mighte/ to might/1 c4 ,"s o!r p]man5t contractions are occasionally met )1 9 :at _m gramm>ians call ! solemn /yle2 z bid/ = bidde/1 fl$/ = fl$de/1 sat/ = satte/3 ,rid+ sublime1 ?\ bid/ ! _w adore1 ,& humble/ nature ) ?y nor!rn bla/4 --,?omson4 ,fly ?i!r :5ce ?\ fl$/4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #ifc4 ,unspeakable1 :o sit/ above ^! heav5s4 --,id41 ib41 ,b4 v1 l4 #aef4 ,:y sat/ ?\ l an enemy 9 wait8 --,id41 ib41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #hbe4 ,,obs4 #ce4--,! =mation ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( v]bs1 is n[ precisely ! same z t ( ! plural numb] ( n\ns3 z1 love1 loves2 %[1 %[s2 boa/1 boa/s2 fly1 flies2 rea*1 rea*es4 ,?is =m began to be us$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! end+ seems once to h be5 es1 s\nd$ z s or z3 z1 ,& ?us ,i see among ^! pleasant ?ynges ,e*e c>e decayes1 & yet my sorr[ sprynges4--,e>l ( ,surry4 ,) ?rote yr5t1 he ro>es1 he lye? along4--,sir ,t4 ,wyat4 ,he dye?1 he is all dead1 he pantes1 he re/es4--,id41 #aedj4 ,9 all ^! in/ances1 ! e be=e ! s has become improp]4 ,! es does n "h =m a syllable2 nei!r does ! e?1 9 lye? & dye?4 ,9 v anci5t times1 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> appe>s to h be5 =m$ by add+ ? or e? ne>ly z we n[ add s or es#beb ,aft]w>ds1 z 9 our common ,bible1 x 0 =m$ by add+ ? to v]bs end+ 9 e1 & e? to all o!rs2 z1 ,= he t eate? & dr9ke? unwor?ily1 eate? & dr9ke? damnation to himself4--#a ,cor41 xi1 #bi4 ,he quick5e? man1 :o is dead 9 trespasses & s9s2 he keepe? alive ! quick5$ s\l1 & leade? x 9 ! pa?s ( life2 he scatt]e?1 subdue?1 & conqu]e? ! enemies ( ! s\l4--,i4 ,p5+ton4 ,?is me?od ( inflection1 z n[ pron\nc$1 always adds a syllable to ! v]b4 ,x is entirely conf9$ to ! solemn /yle1 & is little us$4 ,do?1 ha?1 & sai?1 appe> to be p]man5t contractions ( v]bs ?us =m$4 ,9 ! days ( ,%akspe>e1 bo? t]m9ations 7 common1 & he (t5 mix$ !m1 9 a way :i* is n v prop] n[3 z1 ,! quality ( m]cy is n /ra9$2 ,x droppe?1 z ! g5tle ra9 f heav5 ,^u ! place b5ea?3 x is twice bless'd2 ,x blesse? him t gives1 & him t takes4 --,m]*ant ( ,v5ice4 ,,obs4 #cf4--,:5 ! second p]son s+ul> is employ$ 9 famili> disc\rse1 ) any reg>d to correctness1 x is usually =m$ 9 a mann] /rictly analog\s to t :i* is n[ adopt$ 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,:5 ! v]b ends ) a s\nd :i* w unite ) t ( / or s1 ! second p]son s+ul> is =m$ by add+ s only1 & ! ?ird1 by add+ s only2 & ! numb] ( syllables is n increas$3 z1 ,i read1 ?\ read/1 he reads2 ,i "k1 ?\ kn[/1 he kn[s2 ,i take1 ?\ take/1 he takes2 ,i free1 ?\ free/1 he frees4 ,=1 :5 ! v]b ends 9 mute a1 no t]m9ation r5d]s ?is a vocal 9 ! famili> /yle1 if a synresis c take place4 ,to prev5t _! read]s f ignorantly assum+ ! pronunciation ( ! solemn /yle1 ! poets h g5]ally m>k$ su* words ) an apo/rophe3 z1 ,look :at ?y s\l holds de>1 imag9e x ,to lie ! way ?\ g'/1 n :5ce ?\ com'/4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #cg4--;,b :5 ! v]b ends 9 a s\nd :i* w n unite ) t ( / or s1 ! second & ?ird p]sons are =m$ by add+ e/ & es2 or1 if ! fir/ p]son end 9 mute e1 ! / & s r5d] t e vocal2 s t ! v]b acquires an additional syllable3 z1 ,i trace1 ?\ trace/1 he traces2 ,i pass1 ?\ passe/1 he passes2 ,i fix1 ?\ fixe/1 he fixes2 ,i prea*1 ?\ prea*e/1 he prea*es2 ,i blu%1 ?\ blu%e/1 he blu%es2 ,i judge1 ?\ judge/1 he judges4 ,b v]bs end+ 9 o or y prec$$ by a consonant1 d n exactly foll[ ei!r ( ! =ego+ rules4 ,9 ^!1 y is *ang$ into i2 &1 to bo? o & i1 e/ & es are add$ )\t increase ( syllables3 z1 ,i g1 ?\ goe/1 he goes2 ,i undo1 ?\ undoe/1#bec he undoes2 ,i fly1 ?\ flie/1 he flies2 ,i pity1 ?\ pitie/1 he pities4 ,?us1 9 ! foll[+ l9es1 goe/ mu/ be pron\nc$ l gho/2 o!rwise1 we spoil ! measure ( ! v]se3 ,?\ goe/ n n[ ) battle1 & ! voice ,( w>1 z once aga9/ ! rebel ho/s2 ,?\ goe/ a ,judge1 & f9d/ ! guilty b\nd2 ,?\ goe/ to prove1 condemn1 acquit1 rew>d4--,pollok1 ,b4 x4 ,9 solemn prose1 h[ev]1 ! t]m9ation is "h made a sep>ate syllable3 z1 ,i g1 ?\ g/1 he g?2 ,i undo1 ?\ undo/1 he undo?2 ,i fly1 ?\ fli/1 he fli?2 ,i pity1 ?\ piti/1 he piti?4 ,,obs4 #ch4--,! auxili>ies d1 do/1 does1--7pron\nc$ doo1 du/1 duz2 & n z ! words d\gh1 dos$1 doze1--7 am1 art1 is1--h1 ha/1 has1--be+ also 9 frequ5t use z pr9cipal v]bs ( ! pres5t t5se1 reta9 _! peculi> =ms1 ) di/9ction ( p]son & numb]1 :5 !y help to =m ! comp\nd t5ses ( o!r v]bs4 ,! o!r auxili>ies are n v>i$1 or ought n to be v>i$1 except 9 ! solemn /yle4 ,example ( ! famili> use3 ,t ?\ may be f\nd truly own+ x4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bcd4 ,,obs4 #ci4--,! only regul> t]m9ations t are add$ to ,engli% v]bs1 are +1 d or e1 / or e/1 s or es1 ? or e?#bed ,+1 & ? or e?1 always add a syllable to ! v]b2 except 9 do?1 ha?1 sai?4#bee ,! re/1 :5ev] _! s\nd w unite ) t ( ! f9al syllable ( ! v]b1 are usually add$ )\t increas+ ! numb] ( syllables2 o!rwise1 !y are sep>ately pron\nc$4 ,9 solemn disc\rse1 h[ev]1 ed & e/ are by mo/ speak]s utt]$ di/9ctly 9 all cases2 except sometimes :5 a v[el prec$es3 z 9 sanctifi$1 glorifi$1 :i* are pron\nc$ z ?ree syllables only4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ?is analogy1 _m read]s w h sanctifie/ & glorifie/ to be words ( f\r syllables4 ,if ?is pronunciation is prop]1 x is only s 9 solemn prose4 ,! prosody ( v]se w %[ h[ _m syllables ! poets make3 z1 ,?\ di$/1 a mo/ r>e boy1 ( melan*oly6 --,%ak41 ,cymb41 ,act iv1 sc4 #b4 ,_h n a voice ?us w>n'd me3 ,:at ?\ see/1 ,:at !re ?\ see/1 fair creature1 is ?yself4 --,milton1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #dfg4 ,by ^? ?\ woo$/ f dea? to endless life4 --,pollok1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #g4 ,att5d3 t ?\ art happy1 owe to ,god2 ,t ?\ cont9ue/ su*1 owe to ?yself --,milton1 ,b4 v1 l4 #ebj4 ,,obs4 #dj4--;,if ! grave & full =m ( ! second p]son s+ul> mu/ ne$s be suppos$ to end r ) ! syllable e/ ?an ) / only1 x is c]ta9 t ?is =m may be contract$1 :5ev] ! v]b ends 9 a s\nd :i* w unite ) t ( /4 ,! poets g5]ally employ ! brief] or contract$ =ms2 b !y seem n to h adopt$ a uni=m & consi/5t me?od ( writ+ !m4 ,"s usually ins]t ! apo/rophe1 &1 aft] a s+le v[el1 d\ble ! f9al consonant be=e /2 z1 hold'/1 bidd'/1 said'/1 l$d'/1 w$d'/1 trimm'/1 may'/1 might'/1 & s =?3 o!rs1 9 num]\s in/ances1 add / only1 & =m p]man5t contractions2 z1 hold/1 bid/1 said/1 l$/1 w$/1 trim/1 may/1 might/1 & s =?4 ,"s reta9 ! v[el e1 9 ! t]m9ation ( c]ta9 words1 & suppress a prec$+ "o2 z1 quick'ne/1 happ'ne/1 scatt're/1 r5d're/1 r5d'r$/1 slumb're/1 slumb'r$/3 o!rs contract ! t]m9ation ( su* words1 & ins]t ! apo/rophe2 z1 quick5'/1 happ5'/1 scatt]'/1 r5d]'/1 r5d]'d/1 slumb]'/1 slumb]'d/4 ,! nature & idiom ( our language1 ! acc5t & pronunciation ( x1 incl9e u to abbreviate or contract ev5 all our regul> v]bs2 s z to avoid1 if possible1 an increase ( syllables 9 ! inflection ( !m4 ,accord+ly1 sev]al t]m9ations :i* =m]ly con/itut$ di/9ct syllables1 h be5 ei!r :olly dropp$1 or bl5d$ ) ! f9al syllables ( ! v]bs to :i* !y are add$4 ,?us ! plural t]m9ation en has become entirely obsolete2 ? or e? is no long] 9 common use2 ed is contract$ 9 pronunciation2 ! anci5t ys or is1 ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 is *ang$ to s or es1 & is usually add$ )\t increase ( syllables2 & / or e/ has1 9 "p1 adopt$ ! analogy4 ,s t ! prop] mode ( =m+ ^! contractions ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 seems to be1 to add / only2 & to ins]t no apo/rophe1 unless a v[el is suppress$ f ! v]b to :i* ?is t]m9ation is add$3 z1 ?9k/1 say/1 bid/1 sit/1 sat/1 lov'/1 lov'd/1 slumb]/1 slumb]'d/4 ,& "k1 = t ?\ slumb]/ on ! gu>d1 ,?\ %alt be made to answ] at ! b>4--,cotton4 ,,obs4 #da4--;,ho man des]ves m praise = 8 att5tion to ,engli% pronunciation1 ?an ,john ,walk]4 ,8 ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y 01 = a long p]iod1 ! be/ /&>d ( or?opy1 t our s*ools possess$4 ,b he seems to me to h miss$ a figure1 9 pref]r+ su* words z quick'ne/1 /r5g?'ne/1 to ! smoo!r & m regul> =ms1 quick5/1 /r5g!n/4 ,x is true t ^! are r\gh words1 9 any =m y c give !m2 b let u rememb]1 t ne$less apo/rophes are z r\gh to ! eye1 z ne$less /'s to ! e>4 ,our common gramm>ians are dispos$ to encumb] ! language ) z _m ( bo? z !y c f9d any excuse =1 & va/ly m ?an c be su/a9$ by any good argum5t4 ,9 words t are well und]/ood to be contract$ 9 pronunciation1 ! apo/rophe is n[ less frequ5tly us$ ?an x 0 =m]ly4 ,walk] says1 ,?is contraction ( ! p>ticipial ed1 & ! v]bal en1 is s fix$ an idiom ( our pronunciation1 t to alt] x1 w\ld be to alt] ! s\nd ( ! :ole language4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be regrett$ t x subjects our tongue to "s ( ! mo/ hiss+1 snapp+1 cla%+1 gr9d+ s\nds t ev] grat$ ! e>s ( a ,v&al2 ?us1 rasp$1 scrat*$1 wr5*$1 bridl$1 fangl$1 bir*51 h>d5$1 /r5g!n$1 quick5$1 c4 almo/ fright5 u :5 writt5 z !y are actually pron\nc$1 z rapt1 scrat*t1 wr5*t1 bridl'd1 fangl'd1 bir*'n1 /r5g?'n'd1 quick'n'd1 c42 !y become /ill m =midable :5 us$ contract$ly 9 ! solemn /yle1 :i* nev] ought to be ! case2 = "h in/ead ( ?\ /r5g?'n'/ or /r5g?'n'd'/1 ?\ quick'n'/ or quick'n'd'/1 we ought to pron\nce ?\ /r5g?'ne/ or /r5g?'n$/1 ?\ quick'ne/ or quick'n$/1 :i* are suffici5tly h>% ( all consci5ce4--,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #cei4 ,"h are too _m apo/rophes2 = x does n appe> t su* words z /r5g!n$e/ & quick5$e/ ev] exi/$1 except 9 ! imag9ation ( c]ta9 gramm>ians4 ,9 solemn prose "o may write1 ?\ quick5e/1 ?\ /r5g!ne/1 or ?\ quick5$/1 ?\ /r5g!n$/2 b1 9 ! famili> /yle1 or 9 poetry1 x is bett] to write1 ?\ quick5/1 ?\ /r5g!n/1 ?\ quick5$1 ?\ /r5g!n$4 ,?is is language :i* x is possible to utt]2 & x is fooli% to /rangle ourselves ) /r+s ( r\gh consonants1 m]ely because !y are insi/$ on by "s sup]ficial gramm>ians4 ,is x n /range1 is x n incr$ible1 t ! same h& %\ld h writt5 ! two foll[+ l9es1 9 ! same s5t5ce8 ,surely1 ! pr9t] has be5 at fault4 ,) noiseless foot1 ?\ walk$/ ! vales ( e>?-- ,mo/ hon\rable ?\ appe>$1 & mo/ ,to be desir$4--,pollok's ,c\rse ( ,"t1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #ah1 & l4 #bd4 ,,obs4 #db4--;,x 0 once a v common practice1 to reta9 ! f9al y1 9 contractions ( ! pret]it or ( ! second p]son ( mo/ v]bs t end 9 y1 & to add ! consonant t]m9ations d1 /1 & d/1 ) an apo/rophe be=e ea*2 z1 try'd = tri$1 reply'd = repli$1 try'/ = trie/1 try'd/ = tri$/4 ,?us ,milton3-- ,?\ foll[+ cry'd/ al\d1 ,return1 fair ,eve2 ,:om fly'/ ?\8 :om ?\ fly'/1 ( him ?\ art4 --,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #dha4 ,?is usage1 ?\gh x may h be5 ( "s advantage z an index to ! pronunciation ( ! words1 is a palpable dep>ture f ! common rule = spell+ su* d]ivatives4 ,t rule is1 ,! f9al y ( a primitive ^w1 :5 prec$$ by a consonant1 is *ang$ into i be=e an additional t]m9ation4 ,! works ( ! ,briti% poets1 except ^? ( ! pres5t c5tury1 ab\nd ) contractions l ! =ego+2 b late au?ors1 or _! pr9t]s1 h return$ to ! rule2 & ! =m] practice is we>+ out & becom+ obsolete4 ,( regul> v]bs t end 9 ay1 ey1 or oy1 we h m ?an half a hundr$2 all ( :i* usually reta9 ! y 9 _! d]ivatives1 agreeably to an o!r ( ! rules = spell+4 ,! pret]its ( ^! we =m by add+ ed )\t increase ( syllables2 z1 display1 display$2 survey1 survey$2 enjoy1 enjoy$4 ,^! also1 9 bo? t5ses1 may take / )\t increase ( syllables2 z1 display'/1 display'd/2 survey'/1 survey'd/2 enjoy'/1 enjoy'd/4 ,all ^! =ms1 & su* z ^!1 are /ill commonly consid]$ contractions1 & !re=e writt5 ) ! apo/rophe2 b if ! t]m9ation / is suffici5t ( itself to m>k ! second p]son s+ul>1 z x c]ta9ly is consid]$ to be z reg>ds "o half ( !m1 & z x c]ta9ly 0 9 ! ,saxon tongue /ill m g5]ally1 !n = ! o!r half !re is no ne$ ( ! apo/rophe1 because no?+ is omitt$4 ,e/1 l es1 is g5]ally a syllabic t]m9ation2 b /1 l s1 is n4 ,z signs ( ! ?ird p]son1 ! s & ! es are always consid]$ equival5t2 &1 z signs ( ! second p]son1 ! / & ! e/ are sometimes1 & ought to be always1 consid]$ s too4 ,to all v]bs t admit ! s\nd1 we add ! s )\t m>k+ x z a contraction = es2 & !re seems to be no reason at all aga9/ add+ ! / 9 l mann]1 :5ev] we *oose to =m ! second p]son )\t add+ a syllable to ! v]b4 ,! =ego+ obs]vations ,i comm5d to ! p>ticul> att5tion ( all ^? :o hope to write su* ,engli% z %all d !m hon\r--to e "o :o1 f a sp>k ( lit]>y ambition1 may say ( himself1 ---------,i tw9e ,my hopes ( be+ rememb]$ 9 my l9e ,) my l&'s language4--,byron's ,*ilde ,h>old1 ,canto iv1 /4 #i4 ,,! ,,conjugation ,,( ,,v]bs4 ,! conjugation ( a v]b is a regul> arrangem5t ( its moods1 t5ses1 p]sons1 numb]s1 & p>ticiples4 ,!re are f\r ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts 9 ! conjugation ( e simple & complete v]b2 namely1 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,pret]it1 ! ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple1 & ! ,p]fect ,p>ticiple4#bef ,a v]b :i* wants any ( ^! p>ts1 is call$ defective2 su* are mo/ ( ! auxili>ies4 ,an auxili>y is a %ort v]b prefix$ to "o ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( an o!r v]b1 to express "s p>ticul> mode & "t ( ! be+1 action1 or passion4 ,! auxili>ies are d1 be1 h1 %all1 w1 may1 c1 & mu/1 ) _! v>iations4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! pres5t1 or ! v]b 9 ! pres5t t5se1 is radically ! same 9 all ! moods1 & is ! "p f :i* all ! re/ are =m$4 ,! pres5t inf9itive is commonly consid]$ ! root1 or simple/ =m1 ( ! ,engli% v]b4 ,we usually place ! preposition ,,to be=e x2 b nev] :5 ) an auxili>y x =ms a comp\nd t5se t is n inf9itive3 !re are also "s o!r exceptions1 :i* pla9ly %[1 t ! ^w to is nei!r a "p ( ! v]b1 z ,cobbett1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,s4 ,kirkham1 & ,wells1 say x is2 nor a "p ( ! inf9itive mood1 z ,h>t & _m o!rs w h x to be1 b a di/9ct preposition4 7,see1 9 ! ,syntax ( ?is "w1 ,obs]vations on ,rule #ah?47 ,! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple are regul>ly =m$ by add+ d or ed1 & ! imp]fect p>ticiple1 by add+ +1 to ! pres5t4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! moods & t5ses1 9 ,engli%1 are =m$ p>tly by inflections1 or *anges made 9 ! v]b itself1 & p>tly by ! comb9ation ( ! v]b or its p>ticiple1 ) a few %ort v]bs1 call$ auxili>ies1 or help+ v]bs4 ,?is view ( ! subject1 ?\gh disput$ by "s1 is su/a9$ by su* a prepond]ance bo? ( au?ority & ( reason1 t ,i %all n tr\ble ! read] ) any refutation ( ^? :o object to x4 ,murray ! s*oolma/] obs]ves1 ,9 ! ,engli% language1 ! times & modes ( v]bs are express$ 9 a p]fect1 easy1 & beautiful mann]1 by ! aid ( a few little words call$ auxili>ies1 or help+ v]bs4 ,! possibility ( a ?+ is express$ by c or c\ld2 ! lib]ty to d a ?+1 by may or might2 ! incl9ation ( ! w1 by w or w\ld2 ! necessity ( a ?+1 by mu/ or ought1 %all or %\ld4 ,! preposition to is nev] express$ aft] ! help+ v]bs1 except aft] ought4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,see ne>ly ! same words 9 ,bu*anan's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #cf2 & 9 ! ,briti% ,gram41 p4 #abe4 ,,obs4 #c4--,^! au?ors are wrong 9 call+ ought a help+ v]b1 & s is ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce1 9 call+ ought to1 & ought to h auxili>ies2 = no auxili>y ev] admits ! preposition to aft] x or into x3 & ,murray ( ,holdgate is no less 9 fault1 = call+ let an auxili>y2 because no m]e auxili>y ev] gov]ns ! objective case4 ,! s5t5ces1 ,he ought to help y1 &1 ,let him help y1 sev]ally involve two diff]5t moods3 !y are equival5t to1 ,x is 8 duty to help y2--,p]mit him to help y4 ,h5ce ought & let are n auxili>ies1 b pr9cipal v]bs4 ,,obs4 #d4--,?\gh mo/ ( ! auxili>ies are defective1 :5 comp>$ ) o!r v]bs2 yet ^! ?ree1 d1 be1 & h1 be+ also pr9cipal v]bs1 are complete3 b ! p>ticiples ( d & h are n us$ z auxili>ies2 unless hav+1 :i* helps to =m ! ?ird or comp\nd p]fect p>ticiple1 7z hav+ lov$17 may be consid]$ su*4 ,! o!r auxili>ies h no p>ticiples4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,engli% v]bs are pr9cipally conjugat$ by means ( auxili>ies2 ! only t5ses :i* c be =m$ by ! simple v]b1 be+ ! pres5t & ! imp]fect2 z1 ,i love1 ,i lov$4 ,& ev5 "h an auxili>y is usually pref]r$ 9 que/ions & negations2 z1 ,d y love8--,y d n love4 ,did he love8--,he did n love4 ,d ,i n yet grieve8--,did %e n die8 ,all ! o!r t5ses1 ev5 9 _! simple/ =m1 are comp\nds4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,dr4 ,johnson says1 ,d is sometimes us$ sup]flu\sly1 z ,i d love1 ,i did love2 simply = ,i love1 or ,i lov$2 b ?is is consid]$ z a viti\s mode ( spee*4--,gram41 9 #dto ,dict41 p4 #h4 ,he also some:]e tells u1 t ^! auxili>ies are n prop] be=e be & h2 z1 ,i d be1 = ,i am2 ,i did h1 = ,i _h4 ,! latt] rem>k is g5]ally true1 & x ought to be rememb]$2#beg b1 9 ! imp]ative mood1 be & h w p]haps admit ! emphatic ^w d be=e !m1 9 a colloquial /yle3 z1 ,n[ d be c>eful2--,d h a little discretion4 ,sanborn repeat$ly puts d be=e be1 9 ?is mood3 z1 ,d y be4 ,d y be gu>d$4 ,d ?\ be4 ,d ?\ be gu>d$4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,d ?\ be wat*ful4--,ib41 p4 #aee4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 he mu/ h =gott5 t he _h else:]e said positively1 t1 ,d1 z an auxili>y1 is nev] us$ ) ! v]b be or am4--,ib41 p4 #aab4 ,9 ! o!r moods1 x is seldom1 if ev]1 prop] be=e be2 b x is sometimes us$ be=e h1 especially ) a negative3 z1 ,^? modes ( *>ity :i* d n h 9 view ! cultivation ( moral excell5ce1 are ess5tially defective4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #dbh4 ,surely1 ! law ( ,god1 :e!r natural or reveal$1 does n h respect m]ely to ! ext]nal conduct ( m54--,/u>t's ,comm5t>y on ,romans1 p4 #aeh4 ,& ea* day ( our lives d we h occasion to see & lam5t x4--,dr4 ,b>tlett's ,lecture on ,heal?1 p4 #e4 ,v]bs1 9 !mselves consid]$1 d n h p]son & numb]4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,?is notion ( ,smi?'s is absurd4 ,kirkham taught ! same z reg>ds p]son4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 does he is us$ = is1--! auxili>y is1--& p]haps all[ably3 ,x is c]ta9 f scripture1 t ! same p]son does 9 ! c\rse ( life _m times (f5d & be =giv54--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,"y ,lady1 p4 #ahb4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 ! comp\nd t5ses1 !re is nev] any v>iation ( end+ = ! diff]5t p]sons & numb]s1 except 9 ! fir/ auxili>y3 z1 ,?\ wilt h f9i%$ x2 n1 ,?\ wilt ha/ f9i%$/ x2 = ?is is nons5se4 ,& ev5 = ! =m]1 x is bett] to say1 9 ! famili> /yle1 ,?\ w h f9i%$ x2 = x is *>act]i/ic ( _m ( ! auxili>ies1 t1 unlike o!r v]bs1 !y are n v>i$ by s or e?1 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 & nev] by / or e/1 9 ! second p]son s+ul>1 except 9 ! solemn /yle4 ,?us all ! auxili>ies ( ! pot5tial mood1 z well z %all & w ( ! indicative1 are )\t inflection 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 ?\gh w1 z a pr9cipal v]b1 makes wills or wille?1 z well z wille/1 9 ! indicative pres5t4 ,h5ce !re appe>s a t5d5cy 9 ! language1 to conf9e ! inflection ( its v]bs to ?is t5se only2 & to ! auxili>y h1 ha/1 has1 :i* is ess5tially pres5t1 ?\gh us$ ) a p>ticiple to =m ! p]fect4 ,d1 do/1 does1 & am1 art1 is1 :e!r us$ z auxili>ies or z pr9cipal v]bs1 are always ( ! indicative pres5t4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! ^w ne$1--7?\gh1 z a pr9cipal v]b & transitive1 x is unque/ionably bo? regul> & complete1--hav+ all ! requisite p>ts1 ne$1 ne$$1 ne$+1 ne$$1--& be+ necess>ily inflect$ 9 ! indicative pres5t1 z1 ,i ne$1 ?\ ne$/ or ne$e/1 he ne$s or ne$e?1--7 is s frequ5tly us$ )\t inflection1 :5 plac$ be=e an o!r v]b to express a necessity ( ! be+1 action1 or passion1 t "o may well "q :e!r x has n become1 "u ^! circum/ances1 an auxili>y ( ! pot5tial mood2 & !re=e prop] to be us$1 l all ! o!r auxili>ies ( ?is mood1 )\t *ange ( t]m9ation4 ,i h n yet kn[+ly us$ x s myself1 nor does x appe> to h be5 class$ ) ! auxili>ies1 by any ( our gramm>ians1 except ,web/]4#beh ,i %all !re=e n presume to say n[1 ) positiv5ess1 t x des]ves ?is rank2 7?\gh ,i incl9e to ?9k x does27 b r quote su* in/ances z h occurr$ to me 9 read+1 & leave ! /ud5t to take 8 *oice1 :e!r to condemn z bad ,engli% ! un9flect$ examples1 or to ju/ify !m 9 ?is mann]4 ,he t c swim1 ne$ n despair to fly4--,johnson's ,rasselas1 p4 #bi4 ,"o !re=e ne$s n expect to d x4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aee4 ,9 s do+ ,i %\ld only record "s va9 op9ions ( ?is age1 :i* a future "o ne$ n "k4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #cde4 ,t a boy ne$s n be kept at s*ool4--,,lisdsey3 9 ,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #afd4 ,no man ne$ promise1 unless he please4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cab4 ,:at bett] reason ne$s be giv58--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ea4 ,he ne$ assign no o!r reason = 8 conduct4--,wayl&1 ib41 p4 #bad4 ,s[ !re is no?+ t a man ne$s be a%am$ ( 9 all ?is4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #de4 ,no notice ne$ be tak5 ( ! advantages4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cjd4 ,yet x ne$s n be repeat$4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #ea4 ,he ne$ n be anxi\s4--,gre5leaf's ,gram4 ,simplifi$1 p4 #ch4 ,he ne$s n be afraid4--,fisk's ,gram4 ,simplifi$1 p4 #abd4 ,he :o w n le>n to spell1 ne$s n le>n to write4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #bb4 ,! he$] ne$ be "u no fe>4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #ch4bei ,m ne$ n be said ab\t x4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bgb4 ,! object ne$s n be express$4--,boo?'s ,introduct4 to ,dict41 p4 #cg4 ,inde$1 !re ne$ be no su* ?+4--,fosdick's ,de ,sacy1 p4 #ga4 ,?is ne$s to be illu/rat$4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,& no "p ( ! s5t5ce ne$ be omitt$4--,p>khur/'s ,gramm> = ,beg9n]s1 p4 #aad4 ,! le>n] ne$s to "k :at sort ( words are call$ v]bs4--,ib41 p4 #f4 ,no "o ne$ be appreh5sive ( suff]+ by faults ( ?is k9d4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #aga4 ,! /ud5t :o has b\ght any ( ! =m] copies ne$s n rep5t4--,dr4 ,johnson1 ,adv4 to ,dict4 ,he ne$ n enum]ate _! names4--,edw>d's ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,gramm>1 p4 #ch4 ,a quotation consi/+ ( a ^w or two only ne$ n beg9 ) a capital4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #chc4 ,_! sex is commonly kn[n1 & ne$s n to be m>k$4--,ib41 p4 #gb2 ,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 #ea4 ,"o ne$ only op5 ,"l ,cl>5don's hi/ory1 to f9d examples e :]e4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajh4 ,_! sex is commonly kn[n1 & ne$s n be m>k$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ba2 ,murray's ,duodecimo ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,nobody ne$ be afraid he %all n h scope en\gh4--,,locke3 9 ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #afh4 ,no "p ( ! sci5ce ( language1 ne$s to be ev] un9t]e/+ to ! pursu]4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 vii4 ,! exact am\nt ( k is n1 & ne$ n be1 great4--,todd's ,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #dd4 ,he ne$s to act "u a motive :i* is all-p]vad+4--,ib41 p4 #cge4 ,:at ne$ be said1 w n occupy a long space4--,ib41 p4 #bdd4 ,! sign ,,to ne$s n always be us$4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,su* z he ne$ n be a%am$ (4--,snell+'s ,gift = ,scribbl]s1 p4 #bc4 ,ne$/ ?\--ne$ any "o on e>?--despair8--,ib41 p4 #cb4 ,take timely c\nsel2 if y\r dire disease ,admits no cure1 x ne$s n to displease4--,ib41 p4 #ad4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,if ne$ is to be recogniz$ z an auxili>y ( ! pot5tial mood1 x mu/ be und]/ood to belong to two t5ses2 ! pres5t & ! p]fect2 l may1 c1 & mu/3 z1 ,he ne$ n g1 he ne$ n h gone2 ,?\ ne$ n g1 ,?\ ne$ n h gone2 or1 9 ! solemn /yle1 ,?\ ne$/ n g1 ,?\ ne$/ n h gone4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 we w h x to be always a pr9cipal v]b1 ! di/9ction ( "t %\ld belong to itself1 & also ! di/9ction ( p]son & numb]1 9 ! p>ts :i* require x3 z1 ,he ne$s n g4 ,he ne$$ n g2 ,?\ ne$/ n g1 ,?\ ne$$ n g2 or1 9 ! solemn /yle1 ,?\ ne$e/ n g1 ,?\ ne$$/ n g4 ,:e!r x c be "r to say1 ,he ne$$ n h gone1 is at lea/ que/ionable4 ,f ! obs]vations ( ,murray1 ^u relative t5ses1 "u 8 ?irte5? rule ( syntax1 x seems fair to inf] t he w\ld h judg$ ?is phraseology errone\s4 ,aga91 ,he ne$s n h gone1 appe>s to be yet m objectionable1 ?\gh = ! same reason4 ,& if1 ,he ne$ n h gone1 is a correct expression1 ne$ is cle>ly prov$ to be an auxili>y1 & ! ?ree words tak5 toge!r mu/ =m ! pot5tial p]fect4 ,& s ( ! plural2 = ! argum5t is f ! connexion ( ! t5ses1 & n m]ely f ! t5d5cy ( auxili>ies to reject inflection3 z1 ,!y ne$ n h be5 "u great conc]n ab\t _! public affairs4--,hut*9son's ,hi/ory1 i1 #aid1 ,f ^! examples1 x may be se5 t an auxili>y & a pr9cipal v]b h "s ess5tial diff]5ce2 ?\gh ^! :o dislike ! doctr9e ( comp\nd t5ses1 pret5d n to disc]n any4 ,take "s fur!r citations2 a few ( :i* are errone\s 9 respect to "t4 ,& obs]ve also t ! regul> v]b sometimes admits ! preposition to aft] x3 ' ,!re is great dignity 9 be+ wait$ =1' said "o :o _h ! habit ( t>d9ess1 & :o _h n mu* else ( :i* he ne$ be va94--,/ud5ts ,manual1 p4 #fd4 ,b he ne$$ n h gone s f> = m in/ances4-- ,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #adc4 ,he ne$ n h said1 'p]haps ! virtue4'--,s$gwick's ,economy1 p4 #aif4 ,i ne$$ n to ask h[ %e felt4--,abbott's ,"y ,*ri/ian1 p4 #hd4 ,x ne$ n h be5 s4--,ib41 p4 #aaa4 ,! mo/ unaccommodat+ politician ne$ n absolutely want fri5ds4--,hunts ,fea/ ( ! ,poets1 p4 iii4 ,:i* !re=e ne$s n be introduc$ ) mu* precaution4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cbf4 ,:5 an obscur] t]m ne$s to be expla9$ by "o t is cle>]4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,?\gh1 if %e _h di$ y\ng]1 %e ne$ n h kn[n x4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #abj4 ,no?+ ne$ be said1 b t !y 7 ! mo/ p]fect b>b>isms4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dgj4 ,he ne$ n g4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,he ne$$ b use ! ^w body4--,,locke3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,he ne$ n be requir$ to use !m4--,p>k]'s ,eng4 ,composition1 p4 #ej4 ,! la/ consonant ( appe> ne$ n be d\bl$4--,dr4 ,web/]4 ,x ne$s ! less to be in=c$4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #aeh4 ,( ^! pieces ( 81 we %all n ne$ to give any p>ticul> acc\nt4--,s5eca's ,morals1 p4 vi ,& !re=e ,i %all ne$ say ! less ( !m4--,sc\gal1 p4 #aaja4 ,?is comp\nd+ ( words ne$ occasion no surprise4--,c>dell's ,essay on ,language1 p4 #hg4 ,!re=e /ay1 ?\ ne$/ n to be gone4--,%akspe>e4 ,?\ ne$ na />t awa sae ha/y4--,burns1 ,poems1 p4 #ae4 ,?\ ne$ na j\k beh9t ! hallan4--,id41 ib41 p4 #fg4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! auxili>ies1 except mu/1 :i* is inv>iable1 h sev]ally two =ms 9 respect to t5se1 or "t2 & :5 inflect$ 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons s+ul>1 are usually v>i$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,,to ,,d4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,indicative ,,pres5t4 ,s+4 ,i d1 ?\ do/1 he does2 ,plur4 ,we d1 y d1 !y d4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ( ,,! ,,indicative ,,imp]fect4 ,s+4 ,i did1 ?\ did/1 he did2 ,plur4 ,we did1 y did1 !y did4 ,,to ,,be4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,indicative ,,pres5t4 ,s+4 ,i am1 ?\ art1 he is2 ,plur4 ,we are1 y are1 !y are4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,indicative ,,imp]fect4 ,s+4 ,i 01 ?\ wa/1 he 02 ,plur4 ,we 71 y 72 !y 74 ,,to ,,h4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se2 ,,b ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,indicative ,,p]fect4 ,s+4 ,i h1 ?\ ha/1 he has2 ,plur4 ,we h1 y h1 !y h4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se2 ,,b ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,indicative ,,plup]fect4 ,s+4 ,i _h1 ?\ had/1 he _h2 ,plur4 ,we _h1 y _h1 !y _h4 ,,%all ,,& ,,w4 ,^! auxili>ies h di/9ct mean+s1 &1 z signs ( ! future1 !y are int]*ang$ ?us3 ,,pres5t ,,t5se2 ,,b ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,indicative ,,fir/-,,future4 #a4 ,simply to express a future action or ev5t3-- ,s+4 ,i %all1 ?\ wilt1 he w2 ,plur4 ,we %all1 y w1 !y w4 #b4 ,to express a promise1 comm&1 or ?reat3-- ,s+43 ,i w1 ?\ %alt1 he %all2 ,plur4 ,we w1 y %all1 !y %all4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se2 ,,b1 ,,z ,,signs1 ,,aori/1 ,,or ,,indef9ite4 #a4 ,us$ ) ref]5ce to duty or exp$i5cy3-- ,s+4 ,i %\ld1 ?\ %\ld/1 he %\ld2 ,plur4 ,we %\ld1 y %\ld1 !y %\ld4 #b4 ,us$ ) ref]5ce to volition or desire3-- ,s+4 ,i w\ld1 ?\ w\ld/1 he w\ld2 ,plur4 ,we w\ld1 y w\ld1 !y w\ld4 ,,may4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,pot5tial ,,pres5t4 ,s+4 ,i may1 ?\ may/1 he may2 ,plur4 ,we may1 y may1 !y may4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,pot5tial ,,imp]fect4 ,s+4 ,i might1 ?\ might/1 he might2 ,plur4 ,we might1 y might1 !y might4 ,,c4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,pot5tial ,,pres5t4 ,s+4 ,i c1 ?\ can/1 he c2 ,plur4 ,we c1 y c1 !y c4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,pot5tial ,,imp]fect4 ,s+4 ,i c\ld1 ?\ c\ld/1 he c\ld2 ,plur4 ,we c\ld1 y c\ld1 !y c\ld4 ,,mu/4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se2 ,,& ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,pot5tial ,,pres5t4 ,s+4 ,i mu/1 ?\ mu/1 he mu/2 ,plur4 ,we mu/1 y mu/1 !y mu/4 ,if mu/ is ev] us$ 9 ! s5se ( ! ,imp]fect t5se1 or ,pret]it1 ! =m is ! same z t ( ! ,pres5t3 ?is ^w is entirely inv>iable4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,sev]al ( ! auxili>ies are occasionally us$ z m]e expletives1 be+ q unnecess>y to ! s5se3 z1 #a4 ,,d & ,,did3 ,& x is night1 :]e9 all ! bea/s ( ! =e/ d creep =?4--,psalms1 civ1 #bj4 ,& ye1 t on ! s&s ) pr9tless foot d *ase ! ebb+ ,neptune1 & d fly him :5 he comes back4--,%ak4 ,& if a man did ne$ a poison n[4--,id4 ,?is ne$less use ( d & did is n[ avoid$ by good writ]s4 #b4 ,,%all1 ,,%\ld1 & ,,c\ld3 ',m5 %all deal unadvis$ly sometimes1 :i* aft]-h\rs give leisure to rep5t (4' ,i %\ld advise y to proce$4 ,i %\ld ?9k x w\ld succe$4 ,he1 x %\ld seem1 ?9ks o!rwise4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,i c\ld wi% y to g4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 #c4 ,,w1 c4 ,! foll[+ are ne>ly ( ! same "*1 b n exactly3 ,! isle is full ( noises2 sometimes a ?\s& twang+ in/rum5ts w hum ab\t m9e e>s4--,%ak4 ,9 _! ev5+ sports %e w\ld /eal 9 among/ !m4--,b>bauld4 ,8 li/less l5g? at noontide w\ld he /ret*4--,gray4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,z our old writ]s (t5 =m$ ! inf9itive 9 en1 s !y sometimes dropp$ ! t]m9ation ( ! p]fect p>ticiple4 ,h5ce we f9d1 9 ! infancy ( ! language1 done us$ = d1 & d = done2 & t by ! same h&1 ) l *anges 9 o!r v]bs3 z1 ,?\ can/ no?+ done4--,*auc]4 ,z he 0 wont to done4--,id4 ,! treson t to wom5 ha? be d4--,id4 ,= to b5 hon\rable & free4--,id4 ,i am sworn to hold5 x secre4--,id4 ,our nature ,god ha? to him unyte4--,d\glas4 ,none o!rwise neglig5t ?an ,i y saie haue ,i n bee4--,id4 ,see ,w4 ,all5's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,b ne!less ! ?ynge is d1 ,t fals god 0 soone g4--,,g[]3 ,h4 ,tooke1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cgf4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,may is f ! ,anglo-,saxon1 mgan1 to be able4 ,9 ! p>5t language also1 x is us$ z an auxili>y4 ,x is exhibit$ by ,=tescue1 z a pr9cipal v]b2 ',!y %all may d x3' i4 e4 !y %all be able 7to7 d x4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,may n1 0 =m]ly us$ = mu/ n2 z1 ',graces = :i* we may n cease to sue4' ,hook]4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,may frequ5tly expresses d\bt ( ! fact2 z1 ',i may h ! book 9 my libr>y1 b ,i ?9k ,i h n4' ,x is us$ also1 to express d\bt1 or a consequ5ce1 ) a future signification2 z1 ',i may recov] ! use ( my limbs1 b ,i see little probability ( x4'--',t !y may receive me into _! h\ses4' ,luke1 xvi1 #d4--;,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bdg4 ,9 ^! latt] in/ances1 ! pot5tial pres5t is ak9 to ! subjunctive4 ,h5ce ,l[? & o!rs improp]ly call ,i may love1 c4 ! subjunctive mood4 ,o!rs1 = ! same reason1 & ) z little propriety1 d5y t we h any subjunctive mood2 alleg+ an ellipsis 9 e ?+ t be>s t "n3 z1 ',if x 7may7 be possible1 live peaceably ) all m54' ,scriptures4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,may is also a sign ( wi%+1 & consequ5tly occurs (t5 9 pray]3 z1 ,may x be ?y good pleasure2--,o t x may please !e2--,may/ ?\ be pleas$4 ,h5ce ! pot5tial is ak9 also to ! imp]ative3 ! phrases1 ,?y w be done1--,may ?y w be done1--,be ?y w done1--,let ?y w be done1--are alike 9 mean+1 b n 9 mood or con/ruction4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,c1 to be able1 is etymologically ! same z ! regul> v]bs k51 to see1 & con1 to le>n2 all ( !m be+ d]iv$ f ! ,saxon connan or cunnan1 to "k3 :5ce also ! adjective cunn+1 :i* 0 =m]ly a p>ticiple4 ,9 ! foll[+ example w & c are pr9cipal v]bs3 ,9 evil1 ! be/ condition is1 n to w2 ! second1 n to c4--,ld4 ,bacon4 ,t a v]b :i* signifies k1 may also signify p[]1 appe>s f ^! examples3 ,je ne saurois1 ,i %\ld n "k h[1 7i4 e4 c\ld n47 ,greek3 ,asphalisa/he hos oidate1 ,/r5g!n x z y "k h[1 7i4 e4 z y c47 ,nescio m5tiri1 ,i "k n h[ to 7i4e4 ,i _c7 lie4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,%all1 ,saxon sceal1 orig9ally signifi$ to owe2 = :i* reason %\ld lit]ally means ought4 ,9 ! foll[+ example f ,*auc]1 %all is a pr9cipal v]b1 ) its orig9al mean+3 ,=1 by ! fai? ,i %all to ,god1 ,i w5e1 ,0 neu] /raungir none 9 hir degre4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,d & did are auxili>y only to ! pres5t inf9itive1 or ! radical v]b2 z1 d ?r[1 did ?r[3 ?us ! mood ( d ?r[ or to ?r[ is m>k$ by d or to4 ,be1 9 all its p>ts1 is auxili>y to ei!r ( ! simple p>ticiples2 z1 to be ?r[+1 to be ?r[n2 ,i am ?r[+1 ,i am ?r[n3 & s1 ?r\gh ! :ole conjugation4 ,h & _h1 9 _! lit]al use1 are auxili>y to ! p]fect p>ticiple only2 z1 h ?r[n1 _h ?r[n4 ,h is f ! ,saxon habban1 to possess2 &1 f ! nature ( ! p]fect p>ticiple1 ! t5ses ?us =m$1 sugge/ 9 g5]al a completion ( ! action4 ,! ,fr5* idiom is simil> to ?is3 z1 ,j'ai vu1 ,i h se54 ,%all & %\ld1 w & w\ld1 may & might1 c & c\ld1 mu/1 & also ne$1 7if we call ! la/ a help+ v]b17 are sev]ally auxili>y to bo? =ms ( ! inf9itive1 & to ^! only3 z1 %all ?r[1 %all h ?r[n2 %\ld ?r[1 %\ld h ?r[n2 & s ( all ! re/4 ,,obs4 #af4--,! =m ( ! indicative plup]fect is sometimes us$ 9 lieu ( ! pot5tial plup]fect2 z1 ,if all ! _w c\ld h se5 x1 ! wo _h be5 univ]sal4--,%akspe>e4 ,t is1--w\ld h be5 univ]sal4 ,i _h be5 dr[n$1 b t ! %ore 0 %elvy & %all[4--,id4 ,t is1--,i %\ld h be5 dr[n$4 ,?is mode ( expression may be ref]r$ to ! figure enallage1 9 :i* "o ^w or "o modification is us$ = an o!r4 ,simil> to ?is is ! use ( 7 = w\ld be3 ,x 7 inju/ice to d5y ! execution ( ! law to any individual2 t is1 x w\ld be inju/ice4--,murray's ,gramm>1 p4 #hi4 ,9 "s in/ances1 7 & _h be5 seem to h ! same import2 z1 ,good 7 x = t man if he _h nev] be5 born4--,m>k1 xiv1 #ba4 ,x _h be5 good = t man if he _h n be5 born4--,matt41 xxvi1 #bd4 ,9 prose1 all ^! lic5ses are ne$less1 if n absolutely improp]4 ,9 poetry1 _! brevity may comm5d !m to pref]5ce2 b to ?is /yle1 ,i ?9k1 !y ought to be conf9$3 z1 ,t _h be5 j1 repli$ ! rev]5d b>d2 ,b done1 fair y\?1 ?\ ne'er had/ met me "h4--,pollok4 ,! key/ones ( ! ar*6--?\gh all 7 o'er1 ,= u repeopl$ 7 ! solit>y %ore4--,byron4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,) an adv]b ( comp>ison or pref]5ce1 z bett]1 r1 be/1 z lief1 or z lieve1 ! auxili>y _h seems sometimes to be us$ be=e ! inf9itive to =m ! pot5tial imp]fect or plup]fect3 z1 ,he t loses by gett+1 _h bett] lose ?an get4--,p5n's ,maxims4 ,o!r prepositions _h bett] h be5 sub/itut$4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,i _h z lief say4--,,l[?3 ib41 p4 #aaj4 ,x compels me to ?9k ( t :i* ,i _h r =get4-- ,bick]/e?1 on ,pray]1 p4 #be4 ,y _h mu* bett] say no?+ ^u ! subject4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #adg4 ,i _h mu* r %[ !e :at hopes ?\ ha/ be=e !e4--,baxt]4 ,i _h r speak five words ) my und]/&+1 ?an t5 ?\s& words 9 an unkn[n tongue4--#a ,cor41 xiv1 #ai4 ,i knew a g5tleman 9 ,am]ica :o told me h[ mu* r he _h be a woman ?an ! man he is4--,m>t9eau's ,society 9 ,am]ica1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aec4 ,i _h z lief g z n4-- ,web/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,lief4 ,i _h z lieve ! t[n cri] spoke my l9es4--,,%ak43 ,hamlet4 ,we _h be/ leave nature to h] own op]ations4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #caj4 ,:at me?od _h he be/ take8--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 ix4 ,^! are equival5t to ! phrases1 might bett] lose--might bett] h be5 sub/itut$--w\ld z lief say--w\ld r =get--might mu* bett] say--w\ld mu* r %[--w\ld r speak--h[ mu* r he w\ld be--w\ld z lief g--%\ld be/ leave--might he be/ take2 &1 = ! sake ( regul>ity1 ^! latt] =ms ought to be pref]r$1 z !y sometimes are3 ?us1 ,= my own "p1 ,i w\ld r look ^u a tree 9 all its luxuriancy4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #dad2 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bbc4 ,! foll[+ con/ruction is diff]5t3 ,augu/us _h l to h be5 sla94--,s4 ,butl]4 ,"h _h is a pr9cipal v]b ( ! indicative imp]fect4 ,! foll[+ examples appe> to be positively errone\s3 ,mu* t 0 said1 _h bett] rema9$ unsaid4--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]4 ,say1 might bett] h rema9$4 ,a man t is lift+ a weight1 if he put n suffici5t /r5g? to x1 _h z good put none at all4--,baxt]4 ,say1 might z well put4 ,y 7 bett] p\r (f ! fir/ infusion1 & use ! latt]4--,bacon4 ,say1 might bett] p\r2 or1 if y pref] x1 _h bett] p\r4 ,%akspe>e has an expression :i* is /ill worse3-- ,or1 by ! wor? ( m9e et]nal s\l1 ,?\ had/ be5 bett] h be5 born a dog4--,beauties1 p4 #bie4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,! =m ( conjugat+ ! active v]b1 is (t5 call$ ! ,active ,voice1 & t ( ! passive v]b1 ! ,passive ,voice4 ,^! t]ms are borr[$ f ! ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>s1 &1 except z s]v+ to div]sify expression1 are ( little or no use 9 ,engli% gramm>4 ,"s gramm>ians d5y t !re is any propriety 9 !m1 ) respect to any language4 ,de ,sacy1 aft] %[+ t ! import ( ! v]b does n always foll[ its =m ( voice1 adds3 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 c>efully di/+ui% ! ,voice ( a ,v]b f its signification4 ,to facilitate ! di/9ction1 ,i d5om9ate t an ,active ,v]b :i* conta9s an ,attribute 9 :i* ! action is consid]$ z p]=m$ by ! ,subject2 & t a ,passive ,v]b :i* conta9s an ,attribute 9 :i* ! action is consid]$ z suff]$ by ! ,subject1 & p]=m$ ^u x by "s ag5t4 ,i call t voice a ,subjective ,voice :i* is g5]ally appropriat$ to ! ,active ,v]b1 & t an ,objective ,voice :i* is g5]ally appropriat$ to ! ,passive ,v]b4 ,z to ! ,neut] ,v]bs1 if !y possess a peculi> =m1 ,i call x a ,neut] ,voice4--,fosdick's ,translation1 p4 #ii4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,a recognition ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 actives & passives1 9 our orig9al classification ( v]bs ) respect to _! signification1-- a pr9ciple ( division v prop]ly adopt$ 9 a great majority ( our gramm>s & diction>ies1 b op9ionately reject$ by ,web/]1 ,bolles1 & sundry late gramm>ians1--r5d]s x unnecess>y1 if n improp]1 to place ,voices1 ! ,active ,voice & ! ,passive1 among ! modifications ( our v]bs1 or to speak ( !m z su* 9 ! conjugations4 ,s mu/ x be 9 respect to a ,neut] ,voice1 or any o!r di/9ction :i* ! classification involves4 ,! significant *>act]i/ic is n ov]look$2 ! di/9ction is n neglect$ z noness5tial2 b x is transf]r$ to a diff]5t category4 ,h5ce ,i _c exactly approve ( ! foll[+ rem>k1 :i* ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,all5 appe>s to cite ) approbation3 ',! di/9ction ( active or passive1' says ! accurate ,mr4 ,jones1 'is n ess5tial to v]bs4 ,9 ! infancy ( language1 x 01 9 all probability1 n kn[n4 ,9 ,hebrew1 ! diff]5ce b imp]fectly exi/s1 &1 9 ! e>ly p]iods ( x1 probably did n exi/ at all4 ,9 ,arabic1 ! only di/9ction :i* obta9s1 arises f ! v[el po9ts1 a late inv5tion comp>$ ) ! antiquity ( t language4 ,& 9 our own tongue1 ! names ( active & passive w\ld h rema9$ unkn[n1 if !y _h n be5 le>nt 9 ,lat94'--,all5's ,elem5ts ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,by ! conjugation ( a v]b1 "s tea*]s *oose to und]/& no?+ m ?an ! nam+ ( its pr9cipal p>ts2 giv+ to ! arrangem5t ( its numb]s & p]sons1 ?r\gh all ! moods & t5ses1 ! "n ( decl5sion4 ,?is is a misapplication ( t]ms1 & ! di/9ction is z ne$less1 z x is contr>y to g5]al usage4 ,dr4 ,bullions1 long sil5t conc]n+ pr9cipal p>ts1 seems n[ to make a s+ul> di/9ction betwe5 conjugat+ & conjugation4 ,8 conjugations include ! moods1 t5ses1 & inflections ( v]bs2 b he tea*es also1 ) "s inaccuracy1 z foll[s3 ,! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! v]b are ! ,pres5t indicative1 ! ,pa/ indicative & ! ,pa/ p>ticiple4 ,! m5tion+ ( ^! p>ts is call$ ,,conjugat+ ,,! ,,v]b4--,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #ahdi1 p4 #hj4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,engli% v]bs hav+ b v few inflections to indicate to :at "p ( ! s*eme ( moods & t5ses !y p]ta91 x is f\nd conv5i5t to ins]t 9 our conjugations ! preposition to1 to m>k ! inf9itive2 p]sonal pron\ns1 to di/+ui% ! p]sons & numb]s2 ! conjunction if1 to d5ote ! subjunctive mood2 & ! adv]b n1 to %[ ! =m ( negation4 ,) ^! additions1 or indexes1 a v]b may be conjugat$ 9 f\r ways3-- #a4 ,affirmatively2 z1 ,i write1 ,i d write1 or1 ,i am writ+2 & s on4 #b4 ,negatively2 z1 ,i write n1 ,i d n write1 or1 ,i am n writ+4 #c4 ,int]rogatively2 z1 ,write ,i8 ,d ,i write8 or1 ,am ,i writ+8 #d4 ,int]rogatively & negatively2 z1 ,write ,i n8 ,d ,i n write8 or1 ,am ,i n writ+8 #a4 ,,simple ,,=m1 ,,active ,,or ,,neut]4 ,! simple/ =m ( an ,engli% conjugation1 is t :i* makes ! pres5t & imp]fect t5ses )\t auxili>ies2 b1 ev5 9 ^!1 auxili>ies are requir$ = ! pot5tial mood1 & are (t5 pref]r$ = ! indicative4 ,,fir/ ,,example4 ,! regul> active v]b ,,love1 conjugat$ affirmatively4 ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts4 ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple4 ,p]fect ,p>ticiple4 ,love4 ,lov$4 ,lov+4 ,lov$4 ,,inf9itive ,,mood4#bfj ,! inf9itive mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* expresses ! be+1 action1 or passion1 9 an unlimit$ mann]1 & )\t p]son or numb]4 ,x is us$ only 9 ! pres5t & p]fect t5ses4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se is ! root1 or radical v]b2 & is usually prec$$ by ! preposition to1 :i* %[s its relation to "s o!r ^w3 ?us1 ,to love4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>y h to ! p]fect p>ticiple2 &1 l ! inf9itive pres5t1 is usually prec$$ by ! preposition to3 ?us1 ,to h lov$4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 ,x is us$ 9 all ! t5ses4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,! pres5t indicative1 9 its simple =m1 is ess5tially ! same z ! pres5t inf9itive1 or radical v]b2 except t ! v]b be has am 9 ! indicative4 #a4 ,! simple =m ( ! pres5t t5se is v>i$ ?us3-- ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a/ p]son1 ,i love1 #a/ p]son4 ,we love1 #b;d p]son1 ,?\ love/1 #b;d p]son1 ,y love1 #c;d p]son1 ,he loves2 #c;d p]son1 ,!y love4 #b4 ,?is t5se may also be =m$ by prefix+ ! auxili>y d to ! v]b3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i d love1 #a4 ,we d love1 #b4 ,?\ do/ love1 #b4 ,y d love1 #c4 ,he does love2 #c4 ,!y d love4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se1 9 its simple =m is ! pret]it2 :i*1 9 all regul> v]bs1 adds d or ed to ! pres5t1 b 9 o!rs is =m$ v>i\sly4 #a4 ,! simple =m ( ! imp]fect t5se is v>i$ ?us3-- ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i lov$1 #a4 ,we lov$1 #b4 ,?\ lov$/1 #b4 ,y lov$1 #c4 ,he lov$2 #c4 ,!y lov$4 #b4 ,?is t5se may also be =m$ by prefix+ ! auxili>y did to ! pres5t3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i did love1 #a4 ,we did love1 #b4 ,?\ did/ love1 #b4 ,y did love1 #c4 ,he did love2 #c4 ,!y did love4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>y h to ! p]fect p>ticiple3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i h lov$1 #a4 ,we h lov$1 #b4 ,?\ ha/ lov$1 #b4 ,y h lov$1 #c4 ,he has lov$2 #c4 ,!y h lov$4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>y _h to ! p]fect p>ticiple3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i _h lov$1 #a4 ,we _h lov$1 #b4 ,?\ had/ lov$1 #b4 ,y _h lov$1 #c4 ,he _h lov$2 #c4 ,!y _h lov$4 ,,fir/-,,future ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>y %all or w to ! pres5t3 ?us1 #a4 ,simply to express a future action or ev5t3-- ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all love1 #a4 ,we %all love1 #b4 ,?\ wilt love1 #b4 ,y w love1 #c4 ,he w love2 #c4 ,!y w love2 #b4 ,to express a promise1 volition1 comm&1 or ?reat3-- ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i w love1 #a4 ,we w love1 #b4 ,?\ %alt love1 #b4 ,y %all love1 #c4 ,he %all love2 #c4 ,!y %all love4 ,,second-,,future ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>ies %all h or w h to ! p]fect p>ticiple3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all h lov$1 #a4 ,we %all h lov$1 #b4 ,?\ wilt h lov$1 #b4 ,y w h lov$1 #c4 ,he w h lov$2 #c4 ,!y w h lov$4 ,,obs4--,! auxili>y %all may also be us$ 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons ( ?is t5se1 :5 prec$$ by a conjunction express+ condition or cont+5cy2 z1 ,if he %all h complet$ ! "w by midsumm]4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,s1 ) ! conjunctive adv]b :52 z1 ,!n come? ! end1 :5 he %all h deliv]$ up ! k+dom to ,god1 ev5 ! ,fa!r2 :5 he %all h put d[n all rule & all au?ority & p[]4--#a ,cor41 xv1 #bd4 ,& p]haps w may "h be us$ 9 ! fir/ p]son to express a promise1 ?\gh su* usage1 ,i ?9k1 seldom occurs4 ,pr(essor ,f[l] has giv5 to ?is t5se1 fir/1 ! ,pr$ictive =m1 z exhibit$ above1 & !n a =m :i* he calls ,promissive1 & 9 :i* ! auxili>ies are v>i$ ?us3 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i w h tak54 #b4 ,?\ %alt h tak51 y %all h tak54 #c4 ,he %all h tak54 ,plural4 #a4 ,we w h tak54 #b4 ,ye or y %all h tak54 #c4 ,he say ,!y1 %all h tak54--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo41 ,n4 ,y41 #ahej1 p4 #bha4 ,b ! o!r in/ances j cit$ %[ t su* a =m is n always promissory4 ,,pot5tial ,,mood4 ,! pot5tial mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* expresses ! p[]1 lib]ty1 possibility1 or necessity ( ! be+1 action1 or passion4 ,x is us$ 9 ! fir/ f\r t5ses2 b ! pot5tial imp]fect is prop]ly an aori/3 its "t is v indet]m9ate2 z1 ,he w\ld be devoid ( s5sibility 7 he n greatly satisfi$4--,"l ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aa4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>y may1 c1 or mu/1 to ! radical v]b3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may love1 #a4 ,we may love1 #b4 ,?\ may/ love1 #b4 ,y may love1 #c4 ,he may love2 #c4 ,!y may love4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>y might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld1 to ! radical v]b3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might love1 #a4 ,we might love1 #b4 ,?\ might/ love1 #b4 ,y might love1 #c4 ,he might love2 #c4 ,!y might love4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>ies1 may h1 c h1 or mu/ h1 to ! p]fect p>ticiple3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may h lov$1 #a4 ,we may h lov$1 #b4 ,?\ may/ h lov$1 #b4 ,y may h lov$1 #c4 ,he may h lov$2 #c4 ,!y may h lov$4 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se prefixes ! auxili>ies1 might h1 c\ld h1 w\ld h1 or %\ld h1 to ! p]fect p>ticiple3 ?us1 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might h lov$1 #a4 ,we might h lov$1 #b4 ,?\ might/ h lov$1 #b4 ,y might h lov$1 #c4 ,he might h lov$2 #c4 ,!y might h lov$4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 ,! subjunctive mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* repres5ts ! be+1 action1 or passion1 z conditional1 d\btful1 or cont+5t4 ,?is mood is g5]ally prec$$ by a conjunction2 z1 if1 t1 ?\gh1 le/1 unless1 except4 ,b sometimes1 especially 9 poetry1 x is =m$ by a m]e plac+ ( ! v]b be=e ! nom9ative2 z1 ,7 ,i1 =1 ,if ,i 72--,_h he1 =1 ,if he _h2--,fall we =1 ,if we fall2--,knew !y1 =1 ,if !y knew4 ,x does n v>y its t]m9ation at all1 9 ! diff]5t p]sons4#bfa ,x is us$ 9 ! pres5t1 & sometimes 9 ! imp]fect t5se2 r>ely--& p]haps nev] prop]ly--9 any o!r4 ,z ?is mood c be us$ only 9 a dep5d5t clause1 ! "t impli$ 9 its t5ses is always relative1 & g5]ally indef9ite2 z1 ,x %all be 9 et]nal re/less *ange1 ,self-f$1 & self-consum'd3 if ?is fail1 ,! pill>'d firmam5t is rott5ness4--,milton1 ,comus1 l4 #eif4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se is g5]ally us$ to express "s condition on :i* a future action or ev5t is affirm$4 ,x is !re=e errone\sly consid]$ by "s gramm>ians1 z an elliptical =m ( ! future4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i love1 #a4 ,if we love1 #b4 ,if ,?\ love1 #b4 ,if y love1 #c4 ,if ,he love2 #c4 ,if !y love4 ,,obs4--,9 ?is t5se1 ! auxili>y d is sometimes employ$2 z1 ,if ?\ d prosp] my way4--,g5esis1 xxiv1 #db4 ,if he d n utt] x4--,leviticus1 v1 #a4 ,if he d b intimate 8 desire4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bjg4 ,if he d promise1 he w c]ta9ly p]=m4--,ib41 p4 #bjh4 ,an ev5t :i*1 if x ev] d occur1 mu/ occur 9 "s future p]iod4--,hiley's ,gram41 7#c;d ,ed41 ,lond417 p4 #hi4 ,if he d b promise1 ?\ art safe4--,ib41 #hi4 ,till old exp]i5ce d atta9 ,to some?+ l prophetic /ra94--,,milton3 ,il ,p5s]oso4 ,^! examples1 if !y are "r1 prove ! t5se to be pres5t1 & n future1 z ,hiley & "s o!rs suppose x to be4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,?is t5se1 l ! imp]fect ( ! pot5tial mood1 ) :i* x is frequ5tly connect$1 is prop]ly an aori/1 or indef9ite t5se2 = x may ref] to "t pa/1 pres5t1 or future3 z1 ,if !re=e p]fection 7 by ! ,levitical prie/hood1 :at fur!r ne$ 0 !re t an o!r prie/ %\ld rise8--,heb41 vii1 #aa4 ,!y mu/ be view$ exactly 9 ! same light1 z if ! int5tion to pur*ase n[ exi/$4--,murray's ,p>s+ ,ex]cises1 p4 #bd4 ,if x 7 possible1 !y %all deceive ! v elect4--,matt41 xxiv1 #bd4 ,if ! :ole body 7 an eye1 :]e 7 ! he>+8--#a ,cor9?ians1 xii1 #ag4 ,if ! ?ankful refra9$1 x w\ld be pa9 & grief to !m4--,att]bury4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i lov$1 #a4 ,if we lov$1 #b4 ,if ?\ lov$1 #b4 ,if y lov$1 #c4 ,if he lov$2 #c4 ,if !y lov$4 ,,obs4--,9 ?is t5se1 ! auxili>y did is sometimes employ$4 ,! subjunctive may "h be di/+ui%$ f ! indicative1 by ^! circum/ances2 namely1 t ! "t is indef9ite1 & t ! supposition is always contr>y to ! fact3 z1 ,great is ! numb] ( ^? :o might atta9 to true wisdom1 if !y did n already ?9k !mselves wise4--,dillwyn's ,reflections1 p4 #cf4 ,?is implies t !y d ?9k !mselves wise2 b an indicative supposition or concession--7z1 ,?\gh !y did n ?9k !mselves wise1 !y 7 s--7 accords ) ! fact1 & ) ! lit]al "t ( ! t5se1--"h "t pa/4 ,! subjunctive imp]fect1 sugge/+ ! idea ( :at is n1 & kn[n by ! s5se1 is sometimes introduc$ )\t any ( ! usual signs2 z1 ,9 a society ( p]fect m51 :]e all und]/ood :at 0 morally "r1 & 7 det]m9$ to act accord+ly1 x is obvi\s1 t human laws1 or ev5 human organization to en=ce ,god's laws1 w\ld be altoge!r unnecess>y1 & c\ld s]ve no valuable purpose4--,,pres4 ,,%annon3 ,exam9]1 ,no4 #gh4 ,,imp]ative ,,mood4 ,! imp]ative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* is us$ 9 comm&+1 exhort+1 entreat+1 or p]mitt+4 ,x is commonly us$ only 9 ! second p]son ( ! pres5t t5se4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #b4 ,love ?\1 or ,d ?\ love2 ,plural4 #b4 ,love ye or y1 or ,d y love4 ,,obs4--,9 ! ,greek language1 :i* has ?ree numb]s1 ! imp]ative mood is us$ 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons ( !m all2 & has also sev]al diff]5t t5ses1 "s ( :i* _c be cle>ly r5d]$ 9 ,engli%4 ,9 ,lat91 ?is mood has a di/9ct =m = ! ?ird p]son1 bo? s+ul> & plural4 ,9 ,italian1 ,spani%1 & ,fr5*1 ! fir/ p]son plural is also giv5 x4 ,imitations ( "s ( ^! =ms are occasionally employ$ 9 ,engli%1 p>ticul>ly by ! poets4 ,su* imitations mu/ be ref]r$ to ?is mood1 unless by ellipsis & transposition we make !m out to be some?+ else2 & aga9/ ?is !re are /rong objections4 ,aga91 z imprecation on "o's self is n impossible1 ! fir/ p]son s+ul> may be add$2 s t ?is mood may possibly h all ! p]sons & numb]s4 ,examples3 ,come we n[ to 8 translation ( ! ,iliad4--,pope's ,pref4 to ,dunciad4 ,proce$ we !re=e 9 our subject4--,ib4 ,bless$ be he t blesse? !e4--,g541 xxvii1 #bi4 ,?y k+dom come4--,matt41 vi1 #aj4 ,b pass we t4--,w4 ,scott4 ,?ird p]son3 ,be he1 ,be !y4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,my s\l1 turn f !m--turn we to survey1 c4--,goldsmi?4 ,!n turn we to h] late/ tribune's "n4--,byron4 ,:]e'er ! eye c\ld light ^! words y read3 ',:o comes ?is way--behold1 & fe> to s96'--,pollok4 ,fall he t mu/1 b5ea? 8 rival's arms1 ,& live ! re/1 secure ( future h>ms4--,pope4 ,curs$ be ,i t did s6--,all ! *>ms ,( ,sycorax1 toads1 beetles1 bats1 light on y6--,%akspe>e4 ,h done ?y *>ms1 ?\ hateful )]'d hag6--,idem4 ,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,! ,imp]fect4 #b4 ,! ,p]fect4 #c4 ,! ,prep]fect4 ,lov+4 ,lov$4 ,hav+ lov$4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,example4 ,,fir/ ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,ind4 ,i love or d love1 ,i lov$ or did love1 ,i h lov$4 ,i _h lov$1 ,i %all or w love1 ,i %all or w h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,i may1 c1 or mu/ love2 ,i might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld love2 ,i may1 c1 or mu/ h lov$2 ,i might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if ,i love1 ,if ,i lov$4 ,,second ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,ind4 ,?\ love/ or do/ love1 ,?\ lov$/ or did/ love1 ,?\ ha/ lov$1 ,?\ had/ lov$1 ,?\ %alt or wilt love1 ,?\ %alt or wilt h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,?\ may/1 can/1 or mu/ love2 ,?\ might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 or %\ld/ love2 ,?\ may/1 can/1 or mu/ h lov$2 ,?\ might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/ or %\ld/ h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ love1 ,if ?\ lov$4 ,,imp4 ,love ?\1 or ,d ?\ love4 ,,?ird ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,ind4 ,he loves or does love1 ,he lov$ or did love1 ,he has lov$1 ,he _h lov$1 ,he %all or w love1 ,he %all or w h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,he may1 c1 or mu/ love2 ,he might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld love2 ,he may1 c1 or mu/ h lov$2 ,he might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if he love1 ,if he lov$4 ,,fir/ ,,p]son ,,plural4 ,,ind4 ,we love or d love1 ,we lov$ or did lov$1 ,we h lov$1 ,we _h lov$1 ,we %all or w love1 ,we %all or w h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,we may1 c1 or mu/ love1 ,we might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld love2 ,we may1 c1 or mu/ h lov$2 ,we might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if we love1 ,if we lov$4 ,,second ,,p]son ,,plural4 ,,ind4 ,y love or d love1 ,y lov$ or did love1 ,y h lov$1 ,y _h lov$1 ,y %all or w love1 ,y %all or w h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,y may1 c1 or mu/ love2 ,y might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld love2 ,y may1 c1 or mu/ h lov$2 ,y might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if y love1 ,if y lov$4 ,,imp4 ,love ye or y1 or ,d y love4 ,,?ird ,,p]son ,,plural4 ,,ind4 ,!y love or d love1 ,!y lov$ or did love1 ,!y h lov$1 ,!y _h lov$1 ,!y %all or w love1 ,!y %all or w h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,!y may1 c1 or mu/ love2 ,!y might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld love2 ,!y may1 c1 or mu/ h lov$2 ,!y might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if !y love1 ,if !y lov$4 ,,famili> ,,=m ,,) ',,?\4' ,,note4--,9 ! famili> /yle1 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ?is v]b1 is usually & m prop]ly =m$ ?us3 ,,ind4 ,?\ lov'/ or do/ love1 ,?\ lov$ or did love1 ,?\ ha/ lov$1 ,?\ _h lov$1 ,?\ %all or w love1 ,?\ %all or w h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ love2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld love2 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ h lov$2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ love1 ,if ?\ lov$4 ,,imp4 ,love ?\1 or ,d ?\ love4 ,,second ,,example4 ,! irregul> active v]b ,,see1 conjugat$ affirmatively4 ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts4 ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,imp4 ,p>ticiple4 ,p]f4 ,p>ticiple4 ,see4 ,saw4 ,see+4 ,se54 ,,inf9itive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,to ,see4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,to h se54 ,,indicative ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i see1 #b4 ,?\ see/1 #c4 ,he sees2 ,plural4 #a4 ,we see1 #b4 ,y see1 #c4 ,!y see4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i saw1 #b4 ,?\ sawe/1 #c4 ,he saw2 ,plural4 #a4 ,we saw1 #b4 ,y saw1 #c4 ,!y saw4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i h se51 #b4 ,?\ ha/ se51 #c4 ,he has se52 ,plural4 #a4 ,we h se51 #b4 ,y h se51 #c4 ,!y h se54 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i _h se51 #b4 ,?\ had/ se51 ,he _h se52 ,plural4 #a4 ,we _h se51 #b4 ,y _h se51 #c4 ,!y _h se54 ,,fir/-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i %all see1 #b4 ,?\ wilt see1 ,he w see2 ,plural4 #a4 ,we %all see1 #b4 ,y w see1 #c4 ,!y w see4 ,,second-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i %all h se51 #b4 ,?\ wilt h se51 #c4 ,he w h se52 ,plural4 #a4 ,we %all h se51 #b4 ,y w h se51 #c4 ,!y w h se54 ,,pot5tial ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i may see1 #b4 ,?\ may/ see1 #c4 ,he may see2 ,plural4 #a4 ,we may see1 #b4 ,y may see1 #c4 ,!y may see4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i might see1 #b4 ,?\ might/ see1 #c4 ,he might see2 ,plural4 #a4 ,we might see1 #b4 ,y might see1 #c4 ,!y might see4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i may h se51 #b4 ,?\ may/ h se51 #c4 ,he may h se52 ,plural4 #a4 ,we may h se51 #b4 ,y may h se51 #c4 ,!y may h se54 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,i might h se51 #b4 ,?\ might/ h se51 #c4 ,he might h se52 ,plural4 #a4 ,we might h se51 #b4 ,y might h se51 #c4 ,!y might h se54 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,if ,i see1 #b4 ,if ?\ see1 #c4 ,if he see2 ,plural4 #a4 ,if we see1 #b4 ,if y see1 #c4 ,if !y see4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #a4 ,if ,i saw1 #b4 ,if ?\ saw1 #c4 ,if he saw2 ,plural4 #a4 ,if we saw1 #b4 ,if y saw1 #c4 ,if !y saw4 ,,imp]ative ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #b4 ,see ?\1 or ,d ?\ see2 ,plural4 #b4 ,see ye or y1 or ,d y see4 ,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,! ,imp]fect4 #b4 ,! ,p]fect4 #c4 ,! ,prep]fect4 ,see+4 ,se54 ,hav+ se54 ,,notes4 ,,note ,i--,! /ud5t ought to be able to rehe>se ! =m ( a v]b1 n only accord+ to ! ord] ( ! entire conjugation1 b also accord+ to ! synopsis ( ! sev]al p]sons & numb]s4 ,"o six? "p ( ! p>adigm1 ?us recit$1 gives 9 g5]al a fair sample ( ! :ole3 &1 9 class recitations1 ?is mode ( rehe>sal w save mu* "t3 z1 ,,ind4 ,i see or d see1 ,i saw or did see1 ,i h se51 ,i _h se51 ,i %all or w see1 ,i %all or w h se54 ,,pot4 ,i may1 c1 or mu/ see2 ,i might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld see2 ,i may1 c1 or mu/ h se52 ,i might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h se54 ,,subj4 ,if ,i see1 ,if ,i saw4 ,,note ,,ii4--,9 ! famili> /yle1 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ?is v]b is usually & m prop]ly =m$ ?us3 ,,ind4 ,?\ see/ or do/ see1 ,?\ saw or did see1 ,?\ ha/ se51 ,?\ _h se51 ,?\ %all or w see1 ,?\ %all or w h se54 ,,pot4 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ see2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld see2 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ h se52 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h se54 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ see1 ,if ?\ saw4 ,,imp4 ,see ?\1 or ,d ?\ see4 ,,?ird ,,example4 ,! irregul> neut] v]b ,,be1 conjugat$ affirmatively4 ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts4 ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,imp4 ,p>ticiple4 ,p]f4 ,p>ticiple4 ,be4 ,04 ,be+4 ,be54 ,,inf9itive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,to be4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,to h be54 ,,indicative ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i am1 #a4 ,we are1 #b4 ,?\ art1 #b4 ,y are1 #c4 ,he is2 #c4 ,!y are4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i 01 #a4 ,we 71 #b4 ,?\ wa/1 7or w]t17#bfb #b4 ,y 71 #c4 ,he 02 #c4 ,!y 74 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i h be51 #a4 ,we h be51 #b4 ,?\ ha/ be51 #b4 ,y h be51 #c4 ,he has be52 #c4 ,!y h be54 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i _h be51 #a4 ,we _h be51 #b4 ,?\ had/ be51 #b4 ,y _h be51 #c4 ,he _h be52 #c4 ,!y _h be54 ,,fir/-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all be1 #a4 ,we %all be1 #b4 ,?\ wilt be1 #b4 ,y w be1 #c4 ,he w be2 #c4 ,!y w be4 ,,second-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all h be51 #a4 ,we %all h be51 #b4 ,?\ wilt h be51 #b4 ,y w h be51 #c4 ,he w h be52 #c4 ,!y w h be54 ,,pot5tial ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may be1 #a4 ,we may be1 #b4 ,?\ may/ be1 #b4 ,y may be1 #c4 ,he may be1 #c4 ,!y may be4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might be1 #a4 ,we might be1 #b4 ,?\ might/ be1 #b4 ,y might be1 #c4 ,he might be2 #c4 ,!y might be4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may h be51 #a4 ,we may h be51 #b4 ,?\ may/ h be51 #b4 ,y may h be51 #c4 ,he may h be52 #c4 ,!y may h be54 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might h be51 #a4 ,we might h be51 #b4 ,?\ might/ h be51 #b4 ,y might h be51 #c4 ,he might h be52 #c4 ,!y might h be54 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i be1 #a4 ,if we be1 #b4 ,if ?\ be1 #b4 ,if y be1 #c4 ,if he be2 #c4 ,if !y be4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i 71#bfc #a4 ,if we 71 #b4 ,if ?\ 71 or w]t1#bfd #b4 ,if y 71 #c4 ,if he 72 ,if !y 74 ,,imp]ative ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #b4 ,be ?\1 or ,d ?\ be2 ,plural4 #b4 ,be ye or y1 or ,d y be4 ,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,! ,imp]fect4 #b4 ,! ,p]fect4 #c4 ,! ,prep]fect4 ,be+4 ,be54 ,hav+ be54 ,,famili> ,,=m ,,) ',,?\4' ,,note4--,9 ! famili> /yle1 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ?is v]b1 is usually & m prop]ly =m$ ?us3 ,,ind4 ,?\ art1 ,?\ 01 ,?\ ha/ be51 ,?\ _h be51 ,?\ %all or w be1 ,?\ %all or w h be54 ,,pot4 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ be2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld be2 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ h be52 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h be54 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ be1 ,if ?\ 74 ,,imp4 ,be ?\1 or ,d ?\ be4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,x appe>s t be1 z well z am1 0 =m]ly us$ = ! indicative pres5t3 z1 ,i be1 ,?\ bee/1 ,he be2 ,we be1 ,ye be1 ,!y be4 ,see ,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,dr4 ,l[?1 ^: ,gramm> is /ill pref]r$ at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 gives bo? =ms1 ?us3 ,i am1 ,?\ art1 ,he is2 ,we are1 ,ye are1 ,!y are4 ,or1 ,i be1 ,?\ bee/1 ,he is2 ,we be1 ,ye be1 ,!y be4 ,to ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 he subjo9s ! foll[+ example & rem>k3 ',i ?9k x be ?9e inde$1 = ?\ lie/ 9 x4' ,%ak4 ,hamlet4 ,be1 9 ! s+ul> numb] ( ?is "t & mode1 especially 9 ! ?ird p]son1 is obsolete2 & is become some:at antiquat$ 9 ! plural4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,dr4 ,johnson gives ?is t5se ?us3 ,s+4 ,i am2 ?\ art2 he is2 ,plur4 ,we are1 or be2 ye are1 or be2 !y are1 or be4 ,& adds1 ,! plural be is n[ little 9 use4--,gram4 9 ,johnson's ,dict41 p4 #h4 ,! ,bible commonly has am1 art1 is1 & are1 b n always2 ! indicative be occurs 9 "s places3 z1 ,we be twelve bre?r54--,g541 xlii1 #cb4 ,:at be ^! two olive bran*es8--,ze*41 iv1 #ab4 ,"s traces ( ?is usage /ill occur 9 poetry3 z1 ,!re be m ?+s to greet ! he>t & eyes ,9 ,arno's dome ( ,art's mo/ pr9cely %r9e1 ,:]e ,sculpture ) h] ra9b[ si/] vies2 ,!re be m m>vels yet--b n = m9e4 --,byron's ,*ilde ,h>old1 ,canto iv1 /4 #fa4 ,,obs4 #b4--,respect+ ! v]b w]t1 x is n easy to det]m9e :e!r x is mo/ prop]ly ( ! indicative mood only1 or ( ! subjunctive mood only1 or ( bo?1 or ( nei!r4 ,! regul> & analogical =m = ! indicative1 is ,?\ wa/2 & = ! subjunctive1 ,if ?\ 74 ,brightl& exhibits1 ,i 0 or 71 ,?\ wa/ or w]t1 ,he 0 or 71 )\t di/9ction ( mood1 = ! ?ree p]sons s+ul>2 &1 = ! plural1 7 only4 ,dr4 ,johnson gives u1 = ! indicative1 ,?\ wa/1 or w]t2 ) ! rem>k1 ,w]t is prop]ly ( ! conjunctive mood1 & ought n to be us$ 9 ! indicative4--,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,9 8 conjunctive 7or subjunctive7 mood1 he has1 ,?\ bee/1 & ,?\ w]t4 ,s ,milton wrote1 ,if ?\ bee/ he4--,p4 ,lo/1 ,b4 i1 l4 #hd4 ,likewise ,%akspe>e3 ,if ?\ bee/ ,/ephano4--,tempe/4 ,?is inflection ( be is obsolete3 all n[ say1 ,if ?\ be4 ,b w]t is /ill 9 use1 to "s ext5t1 = bo? moods2 be+ g5]ally plac$ by ! gramm>ians 9 ! subjunctive only1 b mu* (t5] writt5 = ! indicative3 z1 ,:ate'er ?\ art or w]t4--,byron's ,h>old1 ,canto iv1 /4 #aae4 ,o ?\ t w]t s happy6--,ib41 /4 #aji4 ,va9ly w]t ?\ w$4--,ib41 /4 #afi4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,dr4 ,l[? gave to ?is v]b1 ,,be1 t =m ( ! subjunctive mood1 :i* x n[ has 9 mo/ ( our gramm>s2 app5d+ to x ! foll[+ examples & que/ions3 ',be=e ! sun1 ,be=e ! ,heav5s1 ?\ w]t4'--,milton4 ',rememb] :at ?\ w]t4'--,dryd54 ',i knew ?\ w]t n sl[ to he>4'--,addison4 ',?\ :o ( old w]t s5t to ,israel's c\rt4'--,prior4 ',all ?is ?\ w]t4'--,pope4 ',?\1 ,/ella1 w]t no long] "y4'--,swift4 ,%all we1 9 def]5ce to ^! great au?orities1 asks ! ,doctor1 all[ w]t to be ! same ) wa/1 & common to ! indicative & ! subjunctive mood8 or r abide by ! practice ( our be/ anci5t writ]s2 ! propriety ( ! language1 :i* requires1 z f> z may be1 di/9ct =ms1 = diff]5t moods2 & ! analogy ( =mation 9 ea* mood2 ,i 01 ?\ wa/2 ,i 71 ?\ w]t8 all :i* conspire to make w]t peculi> to ! subjunctive mood4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #cg2 ,*ur*ill's1 p4 #bea4 ,i h be=e %[n1 t sev]al ( ! be/ anci5t writ]s did n inflect ! v]b 71 b wrote ?\ 72 &1 surely1 ! analogy ( =mation1 requires t ! subjunctive be n inflect$4 ,h5ce ! propriety :i* requires di/9ct =ms1 requires n w]t1 9 ei!r mood4 ,:y !n %\ld we make ?is contraction ( ! old indicative =m w]e/1 a solit>y exception1 by fix+ x 9 ! subjunctive only1 & t 9 opposition to ! be/ au?orities t ev] us$ x8 ,x is wor?i] to take rank ) its k9dr$ bee/1 & be call$ an ar*aism4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! *ief *>act]i/ical diff]5ce betwe5 ! indicative & ! subjunctive mood1 is1 t 9 ! latt] ! v]b is n inflect$ at all1 9 ! diff]5t p]sons3 ,,ind4 ,?\ magnifie/ 8 "w4 ,,subj4 ,rememb] t ?\ magnify 8 "w4--,job1 xxxvi1 #bd4 ,,ind4 ,he cuts (f1 %uts up1 & ga!rs toge!r4 ,,subj4 ,if he cut (f1 & %ut up1 or ga!r toge!r1 !n :o c h9d] him8--,job1 xl1 #aj4 ,!re is also a diff]5ce ( mean+4 ,! ,indicative1 ,if he 01 admits ! fact2 ! ,subjunctive1 ,if he 71 supposes t he 0 n4 ,^! moods may !re=e be di/+ui%$ by ! s5se1 ev5 :5 _! =ms are alike3 z1 ,?\gh x ?und]$1 x did n ra94--,?\gh x ?und]$1 he w\ld n he> x4 ,! indicative assumption "h is1 ,?\gh x did ?und]1 or1 ,?\gh !re 0 ?und]2 ! subjunctive1 ,?\gh x %\ld ?und]1 or1 ,?\gh !re 7 ?und]4 ,^! s5ses are cle>ly diff]5t4 ,writ]s h[ev] are cont9ually conf\nd+ ^! moods2 "s 9 "o way1 "s 9 an o!r4 ,?us ,s4 ,r4 ,hall1 ! tea*] ( a ,sem9>y = ,tea*]s3 ,,subj4 ,pres5t ,t5se4 #a4 ,if ,i be1 or am1 #b4 ,if ?\ be1 or art1 #c4 ,if he be1 or is2 #a4 ,if we be1 or are1 #b4 ,if ye or y be1 or are1 #c4 ,if !y be1 or are4 ,imp]fect ,t5se4 #a4 ,if ,i 71 or 01 #b4 ,if ?\ w]t1 or wa/1 #c4 ,if he 71 or 02 #a4 ,if we 71 #b4 ,if ye or y 71 #c4 ,if !y 74--,hall's ,grammatical ,assi/ant1 p4 #aa4 ,aga93 ,,subj4 ,pres5t ,t5se4 #a4 ,if ,i love1 #b4 ,if ?\ love/1 #c4 ,if he love1 c4 ,! rema9+ t5ses ( ?is mode1 are1 9 g5]al1 simil> to ! correspond5t t5ses ( ! ,indicative mode1 only ) ! conjunction prefix$4--,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,dr4 ,johnson obs]ves1 ,! indicative & conjunctive moods are by mod]n writ]s frequ5tly conf\nd$2 or r ! conjunctive is :olly neglect$1 :5 "s conv5i5ce ( v]sification does n invite its revival4 ,x is us$ among ! pur] writ]s ( =m] times2 z1 ',d\btless ?\ art our fa!r1 ?\gh ,abraham be ignorant ( u1 & ,israel ackn[l$ge u n4'--,gram4 9 ,joh4 ,dict41 p4 #i4 ,to neglect ! subjunctive mood1 or to conf\nd x ) ! indicative1 is to augm5t sev]al ( ! wor/ faults ( ! language4 ,,ii4 ,,comp\nd ,,or ,,progressive ,,=m4 ,active & neut] v]bs may also be conjugat$1 by add+ ! ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple to ! auxili>y v]b ,,be1 ?r\gh all its *anges2 z1 ,i am writ+ a lett]4--,he is sitt+ idle4--,!y are go+4 ,?is =m ( ! v]b d5otes a cont9uance ( ! action or /ate ( be+1 & is1 on _m occasions1 pref]able to ! simple =m ( ! v]b4 ,,f\r? ,,example4 ,! irregul> active v]b ,,read1 conjugat$ affirmatively1 9 ! ,comp\nd ,=m4 ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,simple ,,v]b4 ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,imp4 ,p>ticiple4 ,p]f4 ,p>ticiple4 ,read4 ,read4 ,read+4 ,read4 ,,inf9itive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,to be read+4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,to h be5 read+4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i am read+1 #a4 ,we are read+1 #b4 ,?\ art read+1 #b4 ,y are read+1 #c4 ,he is read+2 #c4 ,!y are read+4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i 0 read+1 #a4 ,we 7 read+1 #b4 ,?\ wa/ read+1 #b4 ,y 7 read+1 #c4 ,he 0 read+2 #c4 ,!y 7 read+4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i h be5 read+1 #a4 ,we h be5 read+1 #b4 ,?\ ha/ be5 read+1 #b4 ,y h be5 read+1 #c4 ,he has be5 read+2 #c4 ,!y h be5 read+4 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i _h be5 read+1 #a4 ,we _h be5 read+1 #b4 ,?\ had/ be5 read+1 #b4 ,y _h be5 read+1 #c4 ,he _h be5 read+2 #c4 ,!y _h be5 read+4 ,,fir/-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all be read+1 #a4 ,we %all be read+1 #b4 ,?\ wilt be read+1 #b4 ,y w be read+1 #c4 ,he w be read+2 #c4 ,!y w be read+4 ,,second-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all h be5 read+1 #a4 ,we %all h be5 read+1 #b4 ,?\ wilt h be5 read+1 #b4 ,y w h be5 read+1 #c4 ,he w h be5 read+2 #c4 ,!y w h be5 read+4 ,,pot5tial ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may be read+1 #a4 ,we may be read+1 #b4 ,?\ may/ be read+1 #b4 ,y may be read+1 #c4 ,he may be read+2 #c4 ,!y may be read+4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might be read+1 #a4 ,we might be read+1 #b4 ,?\ might/ be read+1 #b4 ,y might be read+1 #c4 ,he might be read+2 #c4 ,!y might be read+4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may h be5 read+1 #a4 ,we may h be5 read+1 #b4 ,?\ may/ h be5 read+1 #b4 ,y may h be5 read+1 #c4 ,he may h be5 read+2 #c4 ,!y may h be5 read+4 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might h be5 read+1 #a4 ,we might h be5 read+1 #b4 ,?\ might/ h be5 read+1 #b4 ,y might h be5 read+1 #c4 ,he might h be5 read+2 #c4 ,!y might h be5 read+4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i be read+1 #a4 ,if we be read+1 #b4 ,if ?\ be read+1 #b4 ,if y be read+1 #c4 ,if he be read+2 #c4 ,if !y be read+4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i 7 read+1 #a4 ,if we 7 read+1 #b4 ,if ?\ 7 read+1 #b4 ,if y 7 read+1 #c4 ,if he 7 read+2 #c4 ,if !y 7 read+4 ,,imp]ative ,,mood4 ,s+4 #b4 ,be ?\ read+1 or ,d ?\ be read+2 ,plur4 #b4 ,be ye or y read+1 or ,d y be read+4 ,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,! ,imp]fect4 #b4 ,! ,p]fect4 #c4 ,! ,prep]fect4 ,be+ read+4 --------- ,hav+ be5 read+4 ,,famili> ,,=m ,,) ',,?\4' ,,note4--,9 ! famili> /yle1 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ?is v]b1 is usually & m prop]ly =m$ ?us3 ,,ind4 ,?\ art read+1 ,?\ 0 read+1 ,?\ ha/ be5 read+1 ,?\ _h be5 read+1 ,?\ %all or w be read+1 ,?\ %all or w h be5 read+4 ,,pot4 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ be read+2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld be read+2 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ h be5 read+2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h be5 read+4 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ be read+1 ,if ?\ 7 read+4 ,,imp4 ,be ?\1 read+1 or ,d ?\ be read+4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,^? v]bs :i*1 9 _! simple =m1 imply cont9uance1 d n admit ! comp\nd =m3 ?us we say1 ,i respect him2 b n1 ,i am respect+ him4 ,?is comp\nd =m seems to imply t k9d ( action1 :i* is susceptible ( int]missions & r5ewals4 ,affections ( ! m9d or he>t are suppos$ to la/2 or1 r1 actions ( ?is k9d are complete z soon z !y exi/4 ,h5ce1 to love1 to hate1 to desire1 to fe>1 to =get1 to rememb]1 & _m o!r su* v]bs1 are incapable ( ?is me?od ( conjugation4#bfe ,x is true1 we (t5 f9d 9 gramm>s su* models1 z1 ,i 0 lov+1 ,?\ wa/ lov+1 ,he 0 lov+1 c4 ,b ?is language1 to express :at ! au?ors int5d by x1 is n ,engli%4 ,he 0 lov+1 c only mean1 ,he 0 affectionate3 9 :i* s5se1 lov+ is an adjective1 & susceptible ( comp>ison4 ,:o1 9 common p>lance1 has ev] said1 ,he 0 lov+ me1 or any ?+ l x8 ,yet "s h improp]ly publi%$ v>i\s examples1 or ev5 :ole conjugations1 ( ?is spuri\s sort4 ,see su* 9 ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #ia2 ,g\ld's ,adam1 #hc2 ,bullions's ,engli% ,gram41 #eb2 8 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #ib2 ,*&l]'s ,new ,gram41 #he & #hf2 ,cl>k's1 #hj2 ,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,practical1 #gj2 ,frazee's ,improv$1 #ff & #fi2 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's1 #bcd2 ,guy's1 #be2 ,hallock's1 #ajc2 ,h>t's1 #hh2 ,h5drick's1 #ch2 ,l5nie's1 #ca2 ,l[?'s1 #dj2 ,h>rison's1 #cd2 ,p]ley's1 #cf2 ,p9neo's ,prim>y1 #aja4 ,,obs4 #b4--,v]bs ( ?is =m h sometimes a passive signification2 z1 ,! books are n[ sell+4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,z ! money 0 pay+ d[n4--,a9swor?'s ,dict41 w4 ,z4 ,x requires no motion 9 ! organs :il/ x is =m+4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,^? works are long =m+ :i* mu/ always la/4--,dr4 ,*etwood4 ,:ile ! "w ( ! temple 0 c>ry+ on4--,dr4 ,j4 ,ow54 ,! designs ( ,provid5ce are c>ry+ on4--,bp4 ,butl]4 ,a s*eme1 :i* has be5 c>ry+ on1 & is /ill c>ry+ on4--,id41 ,analogy1 p4 #ahh4 ,we are p]mitt$ to "k no?+ ( :at is transact+ 9 ! regions above u4--,dr4 ,blair4 ,:ile ^! ?+s 7 transact+ 9 ,g]many4--,russell's ,mod]n ,europe1 ,"p ,fir/1 ,let4 #ei4 ,z he 0 c>ry+ to execution1 he dem&$ to be he>d4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #afc4 ,to decl>e t ! action 0 do+ or done4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #bh4 ,x is do+ by ?\s&s n[4--,abbott's ,"y ,*ri/ian1 p4 #aba4 ,:ile ! exp]im5t 0 mak+1 he 0 wat*+ e movem5t4--,ib41 p4 #cji4 ,a s]ies ( communications f heav51 :i* _h be5 mak+ = fifte5 hundr$ ye>s4--,ib41 p4 #aff4 ,plut>*'s ,lives are re-pr9t+4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #fd4 ,my ,lives are repr9t+4--,,dr4 ,,johnson3 ,worce/]'s ,univ4 & ,crit4 ,dict41 p4 xlvi4 ,all ?is has be5 transact+ )9 #acj miles ( ,london4--,,byron3 ,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,:5 ! he>t is corrod+ by vexations4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #ccf4 ,! padlocks = our lips are =g+4--,,:itti]3 ,lib]ator1 ,no4 #iic4 ,:5 8 ?roat is cutt+4--,colli]'s ,anton9us4 ,:ile y\r /ory is tell+4--,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #dbe4 ,b ! se$s ( x 7 s[+ "s "t be=e4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #afh4 ,z soon z x 0 =m$1 nay ev5 :il/ x 0 =m+4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,/range s*emes ( private ambition 7 =m$ & =m+ !re4--,ib41 p4 #bia4 ,ev5 :5 x 0 mak+ & made4--,ib41 #bii4 ,:i* h be5 made & are mak+4--,,h5ry ,,clay3 ,lib]ator1 ix1 p4 #ada4 ,& !y are 9 measure sanctifi$1 or sanctify+1 by ! p[] !re(4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ecg4 ,:i* is n[ accompli%+ among/ ! unciviliz$ c\ntries ( ! e>?4--,*alm]s1 ,s]mons1 p4 #bha4 ,:o are ru9+1 or ru9$1 9 ?is way4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #aee4 ,:il/ !y 7 undo+4--,ibid4 ,:e!r he 0 employ+ fire to consume some?+1 or 0 himself consum+ by fire4--,crombie1 on ,etym4 & ,syntax1 p4 #adh4 ,at home1 ! greate/ ex]tions are mak+ to promote its progress4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 iv4 ,) ^? s\nds :i* are utt]+4--,ib41 p4 #abe4 ,ord]s are n[ conc]t+ = ! dismissal ( all (fic]s ( ! ,rev5ue m>9e4--,provid5ce ,j\rnal1 ,feb4 #a1 #ahej4 ,expressions ( ?is k9d are condemn$ by "s critics1 "u ! notion t ! p>ticiple 9 + mu/ nev] be passive2 b ! usage is unque/ionably ( f> bett] au?ority1 &1 accord+ to my appreh5sion1 9 f> bett] ta/e1 ?an ! m complex phraseology :i* "s late writ]s adopt 9 its /ead2 z1 ,! books are n[ be+ sold4--,9 all ! t[ns ab\t ,cork1 ! :iskey %ops are be+ clos$1 & s\p1 c(fee1 & tea h\ses are e/abli%+ g5]ally4--,dubl9 ,ev5+ ,po/1 #ahdj4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! "q "h is1 ,:i* is ! mo/ correct expression1 ,:ile ! bridge 0 build+1--,:ile ! bridge 0 a build+1--or1 ,:ile ! bridge 0 be+ built8 ,& aga91 ,are !y all wrong8 ,if none ( ^! is "r1 we mu/ reject !m all1 & say1 ,:ile !y 7 build+ ! bridge2--,:ile ! bridge 0 9 process ( erection2--or resort to "s o!r equival5t phrase4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 aft] notic+ ! comp\nd =m ( active-intransitives1 z1 ,i am go+--,%e is dy+1--,! tempe/ is rag+1--,i h be5 walk+1 & s =?1 adds3 ,!re is ano!r mann] ( us+ ! active p>ticiple1 :i* gives x a passive signification3#bff z1 ,! gramm> is n[ pr9t+1 ,grammatica jam nunc *>tis imprimitur4 ,! brass is =g+1 ra excuduntur4 ,?is is1 9 my op9ion1 says he1 a viti\s expression1 probably corrupt$ f a phrase m pure1 b n[ some:at obsolete3 ,! book is a pr9t+1 ,! brass is a =g+2 a be+ prop]ly at1 & pr9t+ & =g+ v]bal n\ns signify+ action1 accord+ to ! analogy ( ?is language4--,gram4 9 ,joh4 ,dict41 p4 #i4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,a is c]ta9ly sometimes a preposition2 &1 z su*1 x may gov]n a p>ticiple1 & t )\t conv]t+ x into a v]bal n\n4 ,b t su* phraseology ought to be pref]r$ to :at is exhibit$ ) s _m au?orities1 9 a prec$+ p>agraph1 & ) an example f ,johnson among ! re/1 ,i am n prep>$ to conc$e4 ,z to ! notion ( introduc+ a new & m complex passive =m ( conjugation1 z1 ,! bridge is be+ built1 ,! bridge 0 be+ built1 & s =?1 x is "o ( ! mo/ absurd & mon/r\s innovations ev] ?\ght (4 ,yet "s two or ?ree m51 :o seem to delight 9 huge absurdities1 decl>e t ?is mod]n innovation is likely to sup]s$e ! simpl] mode ( expression4 ,?us1 9 /ead (1 ,! "w is n[ publi%+1 !y *oose to say1 ,! "w is n[ be+ publi%$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,?is is c]ta9ly no bett] ,engli% ?an1 ,! "w 0 be+ publi%$1 has be5 be+ publi%$1 _h be5 be+ publi%$1 %all or w be be+ publi%$1 %all or w h be5 be+ publi%$2 & s on1 ?r\gh all ! moods & t5ses4 ,:at a language %all we h :5 our v]bs are ?us conjugat$6 ,,obs4 #e4--;,a c]ta9 ,iri% critic1 :o ev5 outdoes 9 ra%ness ! above-cit$ ,am]ican1 hav+ rec5tly arriv$ 9 ,new ,york1 has republi%$ a gramm>1 9 :i* he n only repudiates ! passive use ( ! p>ticiple 9 +1 b d5ies ! usual passive =m ( ! pres5t t5se1 ,i am lov$1 ,i am smitt5 c41 z taught by ,murray & o!rs1 to be good ,engli%2 & tells u t ! true =m is1 ,i am be+ lov$1 ,i am be+ smitt51 c4 ,see ! #ih? & #ajc;d pages ( ,joseph ,w4 ,wright's ,philosophical ,gramm>1 7,edition ( #ahch17 d$icat$ ,,to ,,common ,,s5se6 #bfg ,b bo? are (fset1 if n refut$1 by ! foll[+ obs]vations f a s\rce decid$ly bett]3 ,x has lately become common to use ! pres5t p>ticiple passive 1 to express ! suff]+ ( an action z cont9u+1 in/ead ( ! p>ticiple 9 -+ 9 ! passive s5se2 ?us1 in/ead (1 ',! h\se is build+1' we n[ v frequ5tly he>1 ',! h\se is be+ built4' ,?is mode ( expression1 besides be+ awkw>d1 is incorrect1 & does n express ! idea int5d$4 ,?is w be obvi\s1 ,i ?9k1 f ! foll[+ consid]ations4 #a4 ,! expression1 'is be+1' is equival5t to 'is1' & expresses no m2 j z1 'is lov+1' is equival5t to1 'loves4' ,h5ce1 'is be+ built1' is precisely equival5t to1 'is built4' #b4 ',built1' is a p]fect p>ticiple2 & !re=e _c1 9 any connexion1 express an action1 or ! suff]+ ( an action1 n[ 9 progress4 ,! v]b to be1 signifies to exi/2 'be+1' !re=e1 is equival5t to 'exi/+4' ,if !n we sub/itute ! synonyme1 ! nature ( ! expression w be obvi\s2 ?us1 '! h\se is be+ built1' is1 9 o!r words1 '! h\se is exi/+ built1' or m simply z be=e1 '! h\se is built2' pla9ly import+ an action n progress+1 b n[ exi/+ 9 a f9i%$ /ate4 #c4 ,if ! expression1 'is be+ built1' be a correct =m ( ! pres5t indicative passive1 !n x mu/ be equally correct to say 9 ! p]fect1 'has be5 be+ built2' 9 ! pa/ p]fect1 '_h be5 be+ built2' 9 ! pres5t inf9itive1'to be be+ built2' 9 ! p]fect inf9itive1'to h be5 be+ built2' & 9 ! pres5t p>ticiple1 'be+ be+ built2' :i* all w admit to be expressions z incorrect z !y are inelegant1 b precisely analog\s to t :i* n[ beg9s to prevail4--,bullions's ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,x may be repli$1 t ! v]bs to be & to exi/ are n always synonym\s2 because ! =m] is (t5 a m]e auxili>y1 or a m]e copula1 :]eas ! latt] always means some?+ positive1 z to be 9 be+1 to be extant4 ,?us we may speak ( a ?+ z be+ de/roy$1 or may say1 x is annihilat$2 b we c by no means speak ( x z exi/+ de/roy$1 or say1 x exi/s annihilat$4 ,! fir/ argum5t above is also nugatory4 ,^! drawbacks1 h[ev]1 d n :olly de/roy ! =ce ( ! =ego+ criticism1 or at all ext5uate ! obvi\s tautology & impropriety ( su* phrases z1 is be+1 0 be+1 c4 ,! g5tlem5 :o affirm t ?is new =m ( conjugation is be+ introduc$ into ! language1 7s9ce !y all[ p>ticiples to foll[ possessive pron\ns7 may v fairly be ask$1 ,:at evid5ce h y ( its be+ be+ introduc$8 ,nor c !y1 on _! own pr9ciples1 ei!r object to ! mon/r\s phraseology ( ?is "q1 or tell h[ to bett] x6#bfh ,,obs4 #g4--;,d4 ,h4 ,sanborn1 an o!r rec5t writ]1 has v emphatically c5sur$ ?is innovation1 z foll[s3 ,engli% & ,am]ican writ]s h ( late introduc$ a new k9d ( phraseology1 :i* has become q preval5t 9 ! p]iodical & popul> publications ( ! day4 ,_! int5tion1 d\btless1 is1 to sup]s$e ! use ( ! v]b 9 ! def9ite =m1 :5 x has a passive signification4 ,!y say1 ',! %ip is be+ built1'--'"t is be+ wa/$1--'! "w is be+ advanc$1' in/ead (1 '! %ip is build+1 "t is wa/+1 ! "w is advanc+4' ,su* a phraseology is a solecism too palpable to receive any favor2 x is at w> ) ! practice ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ writ]s 9 ! ,engli% language1 su* z ,dr4 ,johnson & ,addison4 ,:5 an individual says1 'a h\se is be+ burn$1' he decl>es t a h\se is exi/+1 burn$1 :i* is impossible2 = be+ means exi/+1 & burn$1 consum$ by fire4 ,! h\se ceases to exi/ z su*1 aft] x is consum$ by fire4 ,b :5 he says1 'a h\se is burn+1' we und]/& t x is consum+ by fire2 in/ead ( inaccuracy1 d\bt1 & ambiguity1 we h a =m ( expression p]fectly intelligible1 beautiful1 def9ite1 & appropriate4--,sanborn's ,analytical ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,dr4 ,p]ley speaks ( ?is usage ?us3 ,an attempt has be5 made ( late to introduce a k9d ( passive p>ticipial voice2 z1 ',! temple is be+ built4' ,?is ought n to be enc\rag$4 ,=1 besides be+ an innovation1 x is less conv5i5t ?an ! use ( ! pres5t p>ticiple 9 ! passive s5se4 ,be+ built signifies action f9i%$2 & h[ c1 ,is be+ built1 signify an action unf9i%$8--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! "q n[ be=e u has drawn =?1 on ei!r side1 a deal ( ill s*ol>%ip & false logic1 ( :i* x w\ld be t$i\s to give ev5 a synopsis4 ,conc]n+ ! import ( "s ( our mo/ common words & phrases1 ^! +5i\s ma/]s1--,bullions1 ,sanborn1 & ,p]ley1--sev]ally ass]t "s ?+s :i* seem n to be exactly true4 ,x is rem>kable t critics c err 9 exp\nd+ t]ms s c5tral to ! language1 & s famili> to all e>s1 z be1 be+1 be+ built1 burn$1 be+ burn$1 is1 is burn$1 to be burn$1 & ! l4 ,t to be & to exi/1 or _! l d]ivatives1 su* z be+ & exi/+1 is & exi/s1 _c always expla9 ea* o!r1 is suffici5tly %[n above2 & !reby is refut$ ,sanborn's *ief argum5t1 t1 is be+ burn$1 involves ! contradiction ( exi/+1 burn$1 or consum$ by fire4 ,accord+ to 8 reason+1 z well z t ( ,bullions1 is burn$ mu/ mean exi/s consum$2 0 burn$1 exi/$ consum$2 & ?us our :ole passive conjugation w\ld (t5 be f\nd made up ( bald absurdities6 ,t ?is new unco-passive =m conflicts ) ! old] & bett] usage ( tak+ ! progressive =m sometimes passively1 is d\btless a good argum5t aga9/ ! innovation2 b t ,johnson & ,addison are fit repres5tatives ( ! old] practice 9 ?is case1 may be d\bt$4 ,i "k n t ! latt] has any:]e made use ( su* phraseology2 & "o or two examples f ! =m] are sc>cely an (fset to 8 positive v]dict aga9/ ! usage4 ,see ,,obs4 #crd1 above4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,z to :at is call$ ! pres5t or ! imp]fect p>ticiple passive1--z1 be+ burn$1 or be+ burnt1--if x is rightly int]pret$ 9 any ( ! =ego+ citations1 x is1 beyond "q1 v improp]ly ?us nam$4 ,9 p>ticiples1 + d5otes cont9uance3 ?us be+ usually means cont9u+ to be2 lov+1 cont9u+ to love2 build+1 cont9u+ to build1--or 7z tak5 passively7 cont9u+ to be built3 i4 e41 79 words :i* express ! s5se m precisely & c]ta9ly17 cont9u+ to be 9 process ( con/ruction4 ,:at !n is be+ built1 b cont9u+ to be built1 ! same1 or ne>ly ! same1 z build+ tak5 passively8 ,true x is1 t built1 :5 alone1 be+ a p]fect p>ticiple1 does n mean 9 process ( con/ruction1 b r1 con/ruct$ :i* intimates completion2 yet1 9 ! =ego+ passive phrases1 & o!rs l !m1 z well z 9 all examples ( ?is unco-passive voice1 cont9uance ( ! passive /ate be+ fir/ sugge/$1 & cessation ( ! act be+ ei!r reg>d$ z future or disreg>d$1 ! imp]fect p>ticiple passive is = ! mo/ "p receiv$ z equival5t to ! simple imp]fect us$ 9 a passive s5se4 ,b ,dr4 ,bullions1 :o1 aft] mak+ is be+ built precisely equival5t to is built1 classes ! two p>ticiples diff]5tly1 & bo? errone\sly1--! "o z a pres5t p>ticiple1 & ! o!r1 ( late1 z a pa/1--has also said above1 ',built1' is a p]fect p>ticiple3 & ,,!re=e _c1 9 any connexion1 express an action1 or ! suff]+ ( an action1 n[ 9 progress4 ,& ,dr4 ,p]ley1 :o also calls ! comp\nd ( be+ a pres5t p>ticiple1 argues ?us3 ,be+ built signifies an action1 f9i%$2 & h[ c ,is be+ built1 signify an action unf9i%$8 ,to exp\nd a passive t]m actively1 or z signify+ action1 is1 at any rate1 a ne> approa* to absurdity2 & ,i %all pres5tly %[ t ! =e-cit$ notion ( a p]fect p>ticiple1 n[ half ab&on$ by ,bullions himself1 has be5 ! se$ ( ! v wor/ =m ( t ridicul\s neology :i* ! good ,doctor 0 oppos+4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,^! criticisms be+ bas$ ^u ! mean+ ( c]ta9 p>ticiples1 ei!r alone or 9 phrases1 & ! p>ticul> t]ms spok5 ( be+ *iefly meant to repres5t classes1 :at is said ( !m may be und]/ood ( _! k9ds4 ,h5ce ! appropriate nam+ ( ! k9ds1 s z to convey no false idea ( any p>ticiple's import1 is ju/ly br\ght into view2 & ,i may be all[$ to say "h1 t1 = ! fir/ p>ticiple passive1 :i* beg9s ) be+1 ! epi!t ,imp]fect is bett] ?an ,pres5t1 because ?is comp\nd p>ticiple d5otes1 n always :at is pres5t1 b always ! /ate ( some?+ by :i* an action is1 or 01 or w be1 und]gone or und]go+--a /ate cont9u+1 or s reg>d$1 ?\gh p]haps ! action causative may be end$--or sometimes p]haps imag9$ only1 & n yet really begun4 ,) a m>vell\s in/ability ( doctr9e1 = ! pr(ess$ sy/ematiz] ( diff]5t languages & gramm>s1 ,dr4 ,bullions has rec5tly *ang$ 8 names ( ! second & ?ird p>ticiples1 9 bo? voices1 f ,p]fect & ,comp\nd ,p]fect1 to ,pa/ & ,p]fect4 ,8 notion n[ is1 t1 ,! ,p]fect p>ticiple is always comp\nd2 z1 ,hav+ f9i%$1 ,hav+ be5 f9i%$4--,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gramm>1 #ahdi1 p4 #gg4 ,& :at 0 ! ,p]fect be=e1 9 8 sev]al books1 is n[ call$ ! ,pa/2 ?\gh1 ) ?is *ange1 he has delib]ately made an o!r :i* is repugnant to x3 ?is p>ticiple1 be+ ! basis ( ?ree t5ses always1 & ( all ! t5ses sometimes1 is n[ all[$ by ! ,doctor to l5d ! t]m p]fect to ! ?ree1--,pres5t-p]fect1 ,pa/-p]fect1 ,future-p]fect1--ev5 :5 itself is nam$ o!rwise6 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,f ! errone\s conception1 t a p]fect p>ticiple mu/1 9 e connexion1 express action f9i%$1 action pa/1--or p]haps f only a moiety ( ?is great error1--! notion t su* a p>ticiple _c1 9 connexion ) an auxili>y1 con/itute a passive v]b ( ! pres5t t5se1--,j4 ,w4 ,wright1 above-m5tion$1 has n v unnaturally reason$1 t1 ,! expression1 ',i am lov$1' :i* ,mr4 ,murray has employ$ to exhibit ! passive conjugation ( ! pres5t t5se1 may mu* m feasibly repres5t pa/ ?an pres5t "t4--,see ,wright's ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,accord+ly1 9 8 own p>adigm ( ! passive v]b1 he has =m$ ?is t5se solely f :at he calls ! p>ticiple pres5t1 ?us3 ,i am be+ smitt51 ,?\ art be+ smitt51 c4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,8 ,pass$ ,t5se1 too1 = "s reason :i* ,i d n discov]1 he di/+ui%es above ! re/ by a d\ble =m1 ?us3 ,i 0 smitt51 or be+ smitt52 ,?\ wa/ smitt51 or be+ smitt52 c4--,p4 #ii4 ,9 8 op9ion1 ,few w object to ! propriety ( ! m famili> phraseology1 ',i am 9 ! ,,act1--or1 suff]+ ! ,,action ( ,,be+ ,,smitt52' & yet1 says he1 9 sub/ance & effect1 x is :olly ! same z1 ',i am be+ smitt51' :i* is ,,! ,,true ,,=m ( ! v]b 9 ! pres5t t5se ( ! passive voice6--,ibid4 ,_h we n met ) "s simil> expressions ( ,engli% or ,am]ican blund]]s1 ! act or action ( be+ smitt51 w\ld be acc\nt$ a d[nright ,iri% bull2 & z to ?is ultra notion ( neologiz+ all our passive v]bs1 by ! addition ( be+1--) ! au?or's cool talk ( ! pres5tation ( ?is !ory1 & ! consequ5t suppression ( t hi!rto employ$1--!re is a transc5d5cy 9 x1 wor?y ( ! mo/ sublime aspirant among grammatical newfangl]s4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,b1 ) all its boldness ( innovation1 ,wright's ,philosophical ,gramm> is n a little self-contradictory 9 its treatm5t ( ! passive v]b4 ,! entire suppression ( ! usual =m ( its pres5t t5se1 did n always appe>1 ev5 to ?is au?or1 q s easy & reasonable a matt]1 z ! =ego+ citations w\ld seem to repres5t x4 ,! passive use ( ! p>ticiple 9 +1 he has easily dispos$ (3 despite innum]able au?orities = x1 "o false ass]tion1 ( sev5 syllables1 suffices to make x q impossible4#bfi ,b ! usual passive =m1 :i*1 ) "s %[ ( tru?1 is accus$ ( n hav+ always precisely ! same mean+ z ! progressive us$ passively1--t is1 ( n always d5ot+ cont9uance 9 ! /ate ( receiv+ cont9u$ action1--& :i* is1 = t rem>kable reason1 judg$ wor?y ( rejection1 is nev]!less admitt$ to h1 9 v _m in/ances1 a con=mity to ?is idea1 & !re=e to belong ?us f> to ! pres5t t5se4--,p4 #ajc4 ,?is contradicts to an indef9ite ext5t1 ! proposition = its rejection4 ,x is obs]vable also1 t ! same examples1 ',i am lov$' & ',i am smitt51'--! same tol]at$1 b errone\s =ms1 7s call$ on page #ajc17 t are giv5 z specim5s ( :at he w\ld reject1--?\gh at fir/ pron\nc$ equival5t 9 grammatical con/ruction1 c5sur$ = ! same pret5d$ error1 & propos$ to be *ang$ alike to ! true =m by ! ins]tion ( be+1--are subsequ5tly decl>$ to belong to diff]5t classes & diff]5t t5ses4 ,i am lov$1 is ref]r$ to t num]\s class ( v]bs1 :i* detail ,,action ( prior1 b reta9$1 endur$1 & cont9u$ exi/5ce2 & !re=e1 9 ?is s5se1 belong to ! pres5t t5se4 ,b ,i am smitt51 is idly reckon$ ( an opposite class1 7said by ,dr4 ,bullions to be p]haps ! great] numb]17 ^: ,,actions describ$ are nei!r cont9u\s 9 _! nature1 nor progressive 9 _! duration2 b1 on ! contr>y1 complet$ & p]fect$2 & :i* are consequ5tly descriptive ( pass$ "t & ,,action4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,aga93 ,9 :at in/ance soev] ?is latt] =m & signification c be introduc$1 _! import %\ld be1 &1 inde$1 ought to be1 suppli$ by ! p]fect t5se con/ruction3--= example1 ',i am smitt51' %\ld be1 ',i h be5 smitt54'--,ib4 ,"h is self-contradiction indef9itely ext5d$ 9 an o!r way4 ,_m a good phrase1 if n e "o1 t ! au?or's fir/ sugge/ion w\ld turn to ! unco-passive =m1 8 pres5t rem$y w\ld ab\t z absurdly conv]t into ! p]fect t5se4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,b ,wright's inconsi/5cy1 ab\t ?is matt]1 ends n "h3 x runs ?r\gh all he says ( x2 =1 9 ?is in/ance1 error & inconsi/5cy con/itute 8 :ole /ory4 ,9 "o place1 he anticipates & answ]s a "q ?us3 ,to :at t5se d ! con/ructions1 ',i am pleas$2' ',he is expect$2' ',i am smitt52' ',he is b\nd2' belong8 ,we answ]3--,s f> z ^! & l con/ructions are applicable to ! del9eation ( cont9u\s & reta9$ ,,action1 !y express pres5t "t2 & mu/ be treat$ accord+ly4--,p4 #ajc4 ,?is seems to intimate t ev51 ,i am smitt51 & its likes1 z !y /&1 may h "s good claim to be ( ! pres5t t5se2 :i* sugge/ion is contr>y to sev]al o!rs made by ! au?or4 ,to exp\nd ?is1 or any o!r passive t]m1 passively1 nev] ent]s 8 m9d3 ) him1 z ) sundry o!rs1 ,,action1 f9i%$ ,,action1 or progressive ,,action1 is all any passive v]b or p>ticiple ev] means6 ,no m>vel1 t awkw>d p]v]sions ( ! =ms ( utt]ance & ! pr9ciples ( gramm> %\ld foll[ su* int]pretation4 ,9 ,wright's syntax a v que] di/9ction is app>5tly made betwe5 a passive v]b1 & ! p>ticiple *iefly con/itut+ x2 & "h1 too1 ?r\gh a fanci$ ellipsis ( be+ be=e ! latt]1 mo/1 if n all1 ( 8 o!r positions conc]n+ passives1 are aga9 disa/r\sly ov]?r[n by some?+ worse--a ^w imp]ceptibly und]/ood4 ',i am smitt52' ',i 0 smitt52' c41 are1 he says1 ! univ]sally ackn[l$g$ =ms ( ! ,,v]bs 9 ^! t5ses1 9 ! passive voice3--n ( ! ,,p>ticiple4 ,9 all v]bal con/ructions ( ! "* ( :i* we h hi!rto treat$1 7see page #ajc7 &1 :]e ! ,,actions describ$ are cont9u\s 9 _! op]ations1--! p>ticiple ,,be+ is imp]ceptibly omitt$1 by ellipsis4--,p4 #add4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,dr4 ,bullions has /at$1 t1 ,! pres5t p>ticiple active1 & ! pres5t p>ticiple passive1 are n c\nt]p>ts to ea* o!r 9 signification2 1 ! "o signify+ ! pres5t do+1 & ! o!r ! pres5t suff]+ ( an action1 2 = ! latt] always intimates ! pres5t be+ ( an ,,act1 n 9 progress1 b complet$4--,pr94 ( ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,9 ?is1 he errs no less grossly ?an 9 8 idea ( ! action or ! suff]+ express$ by a p]fect p>ticiple1 z cit$ 9 ,,obs4 #e? above2 namely1 t x mu/ h ceas$4 ,worse int]pretation1 or bald] absurdity1 is sc>cely to be met )2 & yet ! rev]5d ,doctor1 great l+ui/ z he %\ld be1 0 "h only try+ to ?9k & tell ! common import ( a v common sort ( ,engli% p>ticiples2 su* z1 be+ lov$ & be+ se54 ,9 gramm>1 an act1 t has pres5t be+1 c be no?+ else ?an an act n[ do+1 or 9 progress2 & if1 ! pres5t be+ ( an ,,act n 9 progress1 7 "h a possible ?\ght1 x surely c\ld n be intimat$ by any su* p>ticiple4 ,9 ,acts1 i1 #c & #d1 x is /at$1 t our ,savi\r %[$ himself to ! apo/les1 alive aft] 8 passion1 by _m infallible pro(s1 be+ se5 ( !m =ty days1 & speak+ ( ! ?+s p]ta9+ to ! k+dom ( ,god2 &1 be+ assembl$ toge!r ) !m comm&$ !m t !y %\ld n dep>t f ,j]usalem4 ,n[1 ( ^! misnam$ pres5t p>ticiples1 we h "h "o active1 "o passive1 & two o!rs--7"o 9 ea* =m--7 t are neut]2 b no pres5t "t1 except :at is 9 ! indef9ite date ( p]ta9+4 ,! ev5ts are pa/1 & 7 s 9 ! days ( ,/4 ,luke4 ,yet ea* ( ! p>ticiples d5otes cont9uance3 n1 inde$1 9 or to ! pres5t "t1 b = a "t4 ,be+ se5 means cont9u+ to be se52 &1 9 ?is in/ance1 ! p]iod ( ! cont9uance 0 =ty days ( "t pa/4 ,b1 accord+ to ! above-cit$ pr9ciple ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 s long & s widely inculcat$ by ! ,rev4 ,pet] ,bullions1 ,d4 ,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,languages1 c41--a c5tral pr9ciple ( int]pretation1 presum$ by him to hold always--?is p>ticiple mu/ intimate ! pres5t be+ ( an act1 n 9 progress1 b complet$2--t is1 ! pres5t be+ ( ! apo/les' act 9 =m]ly see+ ! ris5 ,savi\r6 ,,obs4 #af4--,?is gramm>ian has lately tak5 a deal ( ne$less pa9s to su/a91 by a /udi$ division ( v]bs into two classes1 simil> to ^? :i* are m5tion$ 9 ,,obs4 #ac? above1 a "p ( ! philosophy ( ,j4 ,w4 ,wright1 conc]n+ our usual =m ( passives 9 ! pres5t t5se4 ,b1 z he n[ w h x1 t ! two voices sometimes tally z c\nt]p>ts1 x is pla9 t he adh]es b p>tially to 8 =m] errone\s conception ( a p]fect or pa/ p>ticiple1 & ! t]ms :i* hold x 9 any connexion4 ,! awkw>d sub/itutes propos$ by ! ,iri% critic1 he does n inde$ c\nt5ance2 b argues aga9/ !m /ill1 &1 9 "s respects1 v ju/ly4 ,! doctr9e n[ common to ^! au?ors1 on ?is po9t1 is ! highly important "o1 t1 9 respect to half our v]bs1 :at we commonly take = ! passive pres5t1 is n su*--t1 9 ! second class1 7p]haps ! great] numb]17 ! pres5t-passive implies t ! act express$ by ! active voice has ceas$4 ,?us1 ',! h\se is built4' 99 99 99 ,/rictly speak+1 !n1 says ! ,doctor1 ! ,,pa/ ,,p>ticiple ) ! v]b ,,to ,,be is n ! pres5t t5se 9 ! passive voice ( v]bs ?us us$2 t is1 ?is =m does n express passively ! do+ ( ! act4--,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gramm>1 ,ed4 ( #ahdi1 p4 #bce4 ,?us f> ^! two au?ors agree2 except t ,wright seems to h avoid$ ! incongruity ( call+ t ! pres5t-passive :i* he d5ies to be su*4 ,b ! ,doctor1 approv+ none ( ?is practition]'s rem$ies1 & be+ less solicit\s to provide o!r treatm5t ?an expulsion = ! ?\s&s ( pres5t passives :i* bo? deem spuri\s1 adds1 z f ! *air1 ?is v]dict3 ,^! v]bs ei!r h no pres5t-passive1 or x is made by annex+ ! p>ticiple 9 +1 9 its passive s5se1 to ! v]b to be2 z1 ',! h\se is build+4'--,ib41 p4 #bcf4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,x w\ld seem1 t ,dr4 ,bullions ?9ks1 & 9 reality ,wright also1 t no?+ c be a pres5t passive1 b :at expresses passively ! ,,do+ ( ! act4 ,?is is ab\t z wise1 z to try to imag9e e active v]b to express actively ! receiv+ ( an act6 ,x bord]s exce$+ly h>d ^u absurdity2 x v mu* resembles ! nons5se ( express+ receptively ! giv+ ( some?+6 ,besides1 ! ^w ,,do+1 be+ us$ sub/antively1 does n det]m9e well :at is "h meant2 :i* is1 ,i suppose1 cont9uance1 or an unf9i%$ /ate ( ! act receiv$--an idea :i* seems adapt$ to ! p>ticiple 9 +1 b :i* x is c]ta9ly no fault ( a p>ticiple end+ 9 d1 t1 or n1 n to sugge/4 ,to express passively ! do+ ( ! act1 if ! language means any ?+ rational1 may be1 simply to say1 t ! act is or 0 done4 ,= do+s are1 z (t5 z any-wise1 ?+s done1 z build+s are fabrics built2 & is built1 & am smitt51 ! g5tlem5's *oice examples ( false passives1 & ( actions f9i%$1--?\gh nei!r ( !m necess>ily intimates ei!r cont9uance or cessation ( ! act suff]$1 or1 if x did1 w\ld be ! less or ! m passive or pres5t1--may1 9 su* a s5se1 express ! do+ ( ! act1 if any passives c3--nay1 ! f9i%$ act has su* completion z may be /at$ ) degrees ( progress or ( frequ5cy2 z1 ,! h\se is p>tly built4--,i am (t5] smitt54 ,!re is1 und\bt$ly1 "s diff]5ce betwe5 ! ass]tions1 ,! h\se is build+1--&1 ,! h\se is p>tly built2 ?\gh1 = practical purposes1 p]haps1 we ne$ n always be v nice 9 *oos+ betwe5 !m4 ,= ! sake ( v>iety1 h[ev]1 if = no?+ else1 x is to be hop$1 ! doctr9e above-cit$1 :i* limits half our passive v]bs ( ! pres5t t5se1 to ! progressive =m only1 w n soon be g5]ally approv$4 ,x impairs ! language m ?an unco-passives are likely ev] to corrupt x4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,no />tl+ novelties h be5 introduc$1 says ! preface to ! ,analytical & ,practical ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language4 ,to h %unn$ all %ock+ innovations1 is only to h ex]cis$ common prud5ce4 ,x is n pret5d$1 t any ( ! ,doctor's errors "h rem>k$ ^u1 or else:]e 9 ?is treatise1 w />tle any body2 b1 if errors exi/1 ev5 9 plausible guise1 x may n be amiss1 if ,i tell ( !m4 ,to suppose e v]b or p>ticiple to be ei!r transitive or intransitive1 sett+ all passives ) ! =m] sort1 all neut]s ) ! latt]2 7p4 #ei27--to def9e ! transitive v]b or p>ticiple z express+ always an act ,,done by "o p]son or ?+ to ano!r2 7p4 #fj27--to say1 aft] mak+ passive v]bs transitive1 ,! object ( a transitive v]b is 9 ! objective case1 &1 ,a v]b t does n make s5se ) an objective aft] x1 is intransitive2 7p4 #fj27--to insi/ ^u a precise & almo/ univ]sal id5tity ( mean+ 9 t]ms s obvi\sly contra/$ z are ! two voices1 active & passive2 7pp4 #ie & #bce27--to allege1 z a g5]al pr9ciple1 t :e!r we use ! active1 or ! passive voice1 ! mean+ is ! same1 except 9 "s cases 9 ! pres5t t5se2 7p4 #fg27--to attribute to ! =ms naturally opposite 9 voice & s5se1 t sam5ess ( mean+ :i* is obs]vable only 9 c]ta9 :ole s5t5ces =m$ f !m2 7pp4 #fg1 #ie1 & #bce27--to assume t ea* ,,voice is a p>ticul> =m ( ! v]b1 yet make x include two cases1 & (t5 a preposition be=e "o ( !m2 7pp4 #ff1 #fg1 & #ie27--to pret5d f ! words1 ,! ,,passive ,,voice repres5ts ! subject ( ! v]b z act$ ^u1 7p4 #fg17 t1 ,accord+ to ! ,,def9ition1 ! passive voice expresses1 passively1 ! same ?+ t ! active does actively2 7p4 #bce27--to affirm t1 ',cs> conqu]$ ,gaul1' & ',gaul 0 conqu]$ by ,cs>1' express precisely ! same idea1--& !n say1 ,x w be felt at once t ! expressions1 ',cs> conqu]s ,gaul1' & ',gaul is conqu]$ by ,cs>1' d n express ! same ?+2 7p4 #bce27--to d5y t passive v]bs or neut] are wor?y to con/itute a di/9ct class1 yet pr(ess to f9d1 9 "o s+le t5se ( ! =m]1 su* a diff]5ce ( mean+ z w>rants a g5]al division ( v]bs 9 respect to x2 7ib427--to ann\nce1 9 bad ,engli%1 t1 ,9 reg>d to ?is matt] 1 !re are evid5tly ,two ,,classes ( v]bs2 namely1 ^? ^: pres5t-passive expresses precisely ! same ?+1 passively1 z ! active voice does actively1 & ^? 9 :i* x does n3 7ib427--to d ^! sev]al ?+s1 z !y h be5 done1 is1 to set =?1 n novelties only1 b errors & inconsi/5cies4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,dr4 ,bullions /ill adh]es to 8 old argum5t1 t be+ aft] its own v]b mu/ be devoid ( mean+2 or1 9 8 own words1 t is be+ built1 if x mean any?+1 c mean no?+ m ?an is built1 :i* is n ! idea int5d$ to be express$4--,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #bcg4 ,he _h said1 7z cit$ 9 ,,obs4 #e? above17 ,! expression1 'is be+1' is equival5t to is1 & expresses no m2 j z1 'is lov+1' is equival5t to 'loves4' ,h5ce1 'is be+ built1' is precisely equival5t to 'is built4'--,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,he has n[ discov]$ t !re is no progressive =m ( ! v]b to be1 & no ne$ ( x3 & t1 h5ce1 !re is no su* expression 9 ,engli% z is be+4--,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #bcf4 ,he %\ld h notic$ also1 t is lov+ is n an au?oriz$ equival5t to loves2 &1 fur!r1 t ! error ( say+ is be+ built1 is only 9 ! relation ( ! fir/ two words to ea* o!r4 ,if is be+1 & is lov+1 are left unus$ = ! same reason1 ! tru? may be1 t is itself1 l loves1 commonly d5otes cont9uance2 & t be+ aft] x1 9 /ead ( be+ necess>y or prop]1 c only be awkw>dly tautolog\s4 ,?is is1 9 fact1 ,,! ,,gr& ,,objection to ! new phraseology--is be+ practis$--am be+ smitt5--& ! l4 ,7 !re no dang] t petty writ]s w\ld "o day seize ^u x ) l avidity1 an o!r innovation1 exactly simil> to ?is 9 e ?+ b t5se--simil> 9 awkw>dness1 9 tautology1 9 unmi/akeabl5ess--might "h be utt]$ = ! sake ( illu/ration4 ,"s m5 conceive1 t ,! p]fect p>ticiple is always comp\nd2 z1 hav+ se51 hav+ writt52--& t ! simple ^w1 se5 or writt51 _h orig9ally1 & /ill ought to h1 only a passive con/ruction4 ,= su* views1 !y f9d au?orities4 ,h5ce1 9 lieu ( ! common phrases1 _h we se51 we h writt51 !y adopt su* ,engli% z ?is2 ,_h we hav+ se5 y1 we %\ld h /opp$4--,we h hav+ writt5 b j n[1 to our correspond5t4 ,n[1 ,we are be+ smitt51 is no bett] gramm> ?an ?is2--& no worse3 ,! idea int5d$ is 9 no great jeop>dy 9 ei!r case4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,j4 ,r4 ,*&l]1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 8 ,common ,s*ool ,gramm> ( #ahdg1 has e>ne/ly und]tak5 ! def5ce ( ?is new & mu*-moot$ passive expression3 :i* he calls ! ,def9ite ,passive ,voice1 or ! ,passive ,voice ( ! ,def9ite ,=m4 ,he admits x1 h[ev]1 to be a =m t does n s\nd well1--a novelty t /rikes ! e> unpleasantly2 b he w h ! defect to be1 n 9 ! tautolog\s conceit ( is be+1 0 be+1 has be5 be+1 & ! l1 b 9 ev]ybody's organ ( he>+1--suppos+ all e>s corrupt$1 f infancy1 to a di/a/e = correct spee*1 by ! habit ( he>+ & us+ words ungrammatically6--,see p4 #hi4 ,claim+ ?is new =m z ! true passive1 9 j contra/ ) ! progressive active1 he n only rebukes all attempts to evade ! use ( x1 by "s real or suppos$ equival5t1 b also decl>es1 t1 ,! attempt to deprive ! transitive def9ite v]b ( ?is its passive voice1 is to /rike at ! f\ndation ( ! language1 & to /rip x ( "o ( its mo/ important qualities2 t ( mak+ bo? actor & suff]]1 ea* 9 turn & at pleasure1 ! subject ( conv]sation4--,ibid4 ,conc]n+ equival5ts1 he evid5tly argues fallaci\sly2 = he urges1 t ! us+ ( !m does n disp5se ) ! necessity ( ! def9ite passive voice4--,p4 #hh4 ,b x is pla91 t1 ( ! _m fair sub/itutes :i* may 9 mo/ cases be f\nd1 if any "o is pref]r$1 ?is =m1 & all ! re/1 are ( c\rse reject$ = ! "t4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,by ,*&l]1 z well z o!rs1 ?is new passive =m is ju/ifi$ only on ! supposition1 t ! simple p>ticiple 9 + c nev] ) propriety be us$ passively4 ,no plausible argum5t1 inde$1 c be fram$ = x1 )\t ! assumption1 t ! simpl] =m1 :5 us$ 9 ! same s5se1 is ungrammatical4 ,b ?is is1 9 fact1 a begg+ ( ! ma9 "q2 & t1 9 opposition to abundant au?ority = ! usage condemn$4 7,see ,,obs4 #c;d1 above47 ,?is au?or pret5ds t1 ,! ,,rule ( all gramm>ians decl>es ! v]b is1 & a pres5t p>ticiple 7is build+1 or is writ+71 to be 9 ! active voice only4--,p4 #hh4 7,i add ! ^w only1 b ?is is :at he means1 else he m]ely quibbles47 ,n[ 9 ?is idea he is wrong1 & s are ! sev]al gramm>ians :o support ! pr9ciple ( ?is imag9>y ,,rule4 ,! op9ion ( critics 9 g5]al w\ld be bett] repres5t$ by ! foll[+ sugge/ions ( ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,all53 ,:5 ! ,engli% v]b does n signify m5tal affection1 ! di/9ction ( voice is (t5 disreg>d$3 ?us we say1 actively1 !y 7 sell+ fruit2 &1 passively1 ! books are n[ sell+4 ,! same rem>k applies to ! p>ticiple us$ z a n\n3 z1 actively1 draw+ is an elegant amusem5t1 build+ is exp5sive2 &1 passively1 8 draw+s are good1 ?is is a f9e build+4--,all5's ,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,*&l] admits1 t1 ,:5 x is said1 ',! h\se is build+1' ! mean+ is easily obta9$2 ?\gh1 he /rangely insi/s1 x is exactly opposite to ! ass]tion4--,p4 #hi4 ,he endeav\rs to %[1 moreov]1 by a fictiti\s example made = ! purpose1 t ! progressive =m1 if us$ 9 bo? voices1 w be liable to ambiguity4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be s 9 "s in/ances2 b1 7 !re weight en\gh 9 ! objection to condemn ! passive usage altoge!r1 "o w\ld suppose !re might be f\nd1 some:]e1 an actual example or two ( ! abuse4 ,n concurr+ ) ,dr4 ,bullions 9 ! notion t ! active voice & ! passive usually express precisely ! same ?+1 ?is critic concludes 8 argum5t ) ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,!re is an important diff]5ce betwe5 do+ & suff]+2 & t diff]5ce is grammatically %[n by ! appropriate use ( ! active & passive voices ( a v]b4--,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,! op9ion giv5 at ! close ( ,,obs4 #b;d above1 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahcc4 ,an opposite doctr9e1 ) ! sugge/ion t x is improp] to say1 '! h\se is build+1' in/ead ( '! h\se is be+ built1'--is f\nd on page #fd? ( ! ,rev4 ,david ,blair's ,gramm>1 ( #ahae1--,sev5? ,edition1 ) a preface dat$1 ,octob] #bj?1 #ahad4 ,to any gramm>ian :o wrote at a p]iod mu* e>li] ?an t1 ! "q ab\t unco-passives nev] occurr$4 ,_m critics h pass$ judgem5t ^u !m s9ce1 & s g5]ally ) reprobation1 t ! man mu/ h m h>dihood ?an s5se1 :o w yet disgu/ 8 read]s or he>]s ) !m4#bgj ,t ,?is new =m has be5 us$ by "s respectable writ]s1 we ne$ n d5y2 b let u look at ! giv5 in/ances ( x3 ',= ^? :o are be+ educat$ 9 our sem9>ies4' ,r4 ,,s\!y4--',x 0 be+ utt]$4' ,,col]idge4--',! f\ndation 0 be+ laid4' ,,brit4 ,,critic4--,engli% ,gramm> ) ,worce/]'s ,univ4 & ,crit4 ,dict41 p4 xlvi4 ,"h1 = ! fir/ example1 x w\ld be mu* bett] to say1 ,= ^? :o are educat$1 #bga--or1 :o are receiv+ _! education2 = ! o!rs1 ,x 0 utt]+1--0 utt]$1--or1 0 9 utt]+4--,! f\ndation 0 lay+1--0 laid1--or1 0 ab\t be+ laid4 ,worce/]'s op9ion ( ! new =m is to be inf]r$ f 8 mann] ( nam+ x 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,)9 a few ye>s1 a /range & awkw>d neologism has be5 introduc$1 by :i* ! pres5t passive p>ticiple is sub/itut$1 9 su* cases z ! above1 = ! p>ticiple 9 +4--,ibid4 ,he has two in/ances m1 9 ea* ( :i* ! phrase is l9k$ ) an expression ( disapprobation2 ' ,x ,greek3 tetymm5os signifies prop]ly1 ?\gh 9 unc\? ,engli%1 "o :o is be+ beat54' ,,abp4 ,,:ately4--',! bridge is be+ built1 & o!r phrases ( ! l k9d1 h pa9$ ! eye4' ,d4 ,,boo?4--,ibid4#bgb ,,obs4 #bd4--,ri*>d ,hiley1 9 ! ?ird edition ( 8 ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 ,london1 9 #ahdj1 aft] %[+ ! passive use ( ! p>ticiple 9 +1 proce$s ?us3 ,no ambiguity arises1 we presume1 f ! use ( ! p>ticiple 9 ?is mann]4 ,to avoid1 h[ev]1 affix+ a passive signification to ! p>ticiple 9 +1 an attempt has lately be5 made to sub/itute ! passive p>ticiple 9 its place4 ,?us in/ead ( ',! h\se 0 build+1' ',! "w impr9t+1' we sometimes he>1 ',! h\se 0 be+ built1' ',! "w is be+ pr9t$4' ,b ?is mode is contr>y to ! ,engli% idiom1 & has n yet obta9$ ! sanction ( reputable au?ority4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,,obs4 #be4--,pr(essor ,h>t1 ( ,philadelphia1 ^: ,engli% ,gramm> 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahde1 ju/ly pref]s ! usage :i* takes ! progressive =m occasionally 9 a passive s5se2 b1 9 argu+ aga9/ ! new sub/itute1 he evid5tly rem\lds ! e>ly reason+ ( ,dr4 ,bullions1 errors & all2 a "p ( :i* he introduces ?us3 ,i "k ! correctness ( ?is mode ( expression has lately be5 v mu* assail$1 & an attempt1 to "s ext5t successful1 has be5 made 1 to introduce ! =m 1 'is be+ built4' ,b1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! old mode ( expression is a well e/abli%$ usage ( ! language1 be+ f\nd 9 our be/ & mo/ correct writ]s4 ,secondly1 is be+ built does n convey ! idea int5d$1 2 namely 1 t ( progressive action4 ,is be+1 tak5 toge!r1 means simply is1 j z is writ+ means writes2 !re=e1 is be+ built means is built1 a p]fect & n a progressive ,,action4 ,or1 if be+ & built be tak5 toge!r1 !y signify an ,,action ,,complete1 & ! phrase means1 z be=e1 ! h\se is 7,,exi/s7 be+ built4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,! la/ ?ree s5t5ces "h are liable to _m objections1 "s ( :i* are sugge/$ above4 ,,obs4 #bf4--;,x is important1 t ! c5tral phraseology ( our language be s und]/ood1 z n to be mis9t]pret$ ) cr$it1 or falsely exp\nd$ by popul> critics & tea*]s4 ,h5ce errors ( exposition are ! m p>ticul>ly notic$ 9 ^! obs]vations4 ,9 be+ built1 ,pr(4 ,h>t1 l sundry au?ors nam$ above1 f9ds no?+ b ,,action ,,complete4 ,)\t d\bt1 ,butl] int]prets bett]1 :5 he says1 ',! h\se is built1' d5otes an exi/+ /ate1 r ?an a complet$ action4 ,b ?is au?or1 too1 9 8 next ?ree s5t5ces1 utt]s z _m errors2 = he adds3 ,! "n ( ! ag5t _c be express$ 9 phrases ( ?is k9d4 ,we _c say1 ',! h\se is built by ,john4' ,:5 we say1 ',! h\se is built by me*anics1' we d n express an exi/+ /ate4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,unque/ionably1 is built by me*anics1 expresses no?+ else ?an ! exi/+ /ate ( be+ built by me*anics1 toge!r ) an affirmation3--t is1 ! exi/+ /ate ( receiv+ ! action ( me*anics1 is affirm$ ( ! h\se4 ,&1 9 my judgem5t1 "o may v well say1 ,! h\se is built by ,john2 mean+1 ,john is build+ ! h\se4 ,/4 ,paul says1 ,e h\se is build$ by ,,"s ,,man4--,heb41 iii1 #d4 ,9 ?is text1 ! common "n ( ! ag5t is express$4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,wells & ,weld1 ^: gramm>s date f #ahdf1 be+ rem>kably *>y ( f9d+ any?+ wrong 9 respectable writ]s1 haz>d no op9ion ( _! own1 conc]n+ ! correctness or incorrectness ( ei!r ( ! usages "u discussion4 ,!y d n always see absurdity 9 ! approbation ( opposites2 yet "o %\ld "h1 p]haps1 c\nt !m ) ! majorities !y all[4 ,! latt] says1 ,! p>ticiple 9 + is sometimes us$ passively2 z1 =ty & six ye>s 0 ?is temple 9 build+2 n 9 be+ built4--,weld's ,engli% ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #agj4 ,"h1 if he means to sugge/1 t 9 be+ built w\ld n be good ,engli%1 he tea*es v errone\sly2 if 8 ?\ght is1 t ?is phrase w\ld n express ! s5se ( ! =m] "o1 9 build+1 he palpably contradicts 8 own position6 ,b he proce$s1 9 a note1 ?us3 ,! =m ( expression1 is be+ built1 is be+ committ$1 c41 is almo/ univ]sally condemn$ by gramm>ians2 b x is sometimes met ) 9 respectable writ]s4 ,x occurs mo/ frequ5tly 9 newspap] p>agraphs1 & 9 ha/y compositions4--,ibid4 ,wells comm5ts ?us3 ,diff]5t op9ions h long exi/$ among critics respect+ ?is passive use ( ! imp]fect p>ticiple4 ,_m respectable writ]s sub/itute ! comp\nd passive p>ticiple2 z1 ',! h\se is be+ built2' ',! book is be+ pr9t$4' ,b ! prevail+ practice ( ! be/ au?ors is 9 favor ( ! simple =m2 z1 ',! h\se is build+4'--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #adh2 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #afa4bgc ,,obs4 #bh4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 9 ! second edition ( 8 ,practical ,gramm>1 /]eotyp$ & publi%$ 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahdh1 appe>s to fav\r ! ins]tion ( be+ into passive v]bs2 b 8 in/ructions are s obscure1 s (t5 inaccurate1 & s incompatible "o ) an o!r1 t x is h>d to say1 ) c]ta9ty1 :at he approves4 ,9 "o place1 he has ?is position3 ,! ,passive ,voice ( a v]b is =m$ by add+ ! ,passive ,p>ticiple ( t v]b1 to ! v]b be4 ,,examples--,to be lov$4 ,i am fe>$4 ,!y are wor%ipp$4--,page #fi4 ,9 an o!r1 he has ?is3 ,:5 ! ,subject is to be repres5t$ z receiv+ ! action1 ! ,passive ,p>ticiple %\ld be us$4 ,,example--,h5ry's lesson is ,,be+ ,,recit$4--,p4 #acb4 ,n[ ^! two positions utt]ly conf\nd ea* o!r2 = !y are equally g5]al1 & ! ,passive ,p>ticiple is fir/ "o ?+1 & !n an o!r4 ,aga91 he has ! foll[+ ass]tions1 bo? false3 ,! ,pres5t 7or ,fir/7 ,p>ticiple always ends 9 +1 & is limit$ to ! ,active ,voice4 ,! ,pa/ 7or ,second7 ,p>ticiple ( ,regul> ,v]bs ends 9 d or ed1 & is limit$ to ! ,passive ,voice4--,p4 #aca4 ,aft]w>ds1 9 spite ( ! fanci$ limitation1 he ackn[l$ges ! passive use ( ! p>ticiple 9 +1 & t !re is au?ority = x2 b1 at ! same "t1 mo/ absurdly supposes ! ^w to pr$icate action1 & also to be wrong3 say+1 ,action is sometimes pr$icat$ ( a passive subject4 ,,example--',! h\se is build+144 =44 ',! h\se is be+ built1'44 :i* means44 ,! h\se is becom+ built4 ,on ?is1 he rem>ks ?us3 ,?is is "o ( ! in/ances 9 :i* ,au?ority is aga9/ ,philosophy4 ,= an act _c prop]ly be pr$icat$ ( a passive ag5t4 ,_m good writ]s prop]ly reject ?is idiom4 ',mansfield's prophecy is be+ realiz$4'--,,mi*elet',s ,,lu!r4--,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,x may require "s /udy to le>n f ?is :i* idiom x is4 t ^! _m good writ]s reject3 b ! gramm>ian :o c talk ( a passive ag5t1 )\t p]ceiv+ t ! phrase is self-contradictory & absurd1 may well be expect$ to ent]ta9 a ,philosophy :i* is aga9/ ,au?ority1 & likewise to pref] a ridicul\s innovation to good & e/abli%$ usage4 ,,obs4 #bi4--;,z mo/ v]bs are susceptible ( bo? =ms1 ! simple active & ! comp\nd or progressive1 & likewise ( a transitive & an intransitive s5se 9 ea*2 & z _m1 :5 tak5 intransitively1 may h a mean+ :i* is sc>cely di/+ui%able f t ( ! passive =m2 x (t5 happ5s t ?is sub/itution ( ! imp]fect p>ticiple passive = ! simple imp]fect 9 +1 is q ne$less1 ev5 :5 ! latt] is n consid]$ passive4 ,= example3 ,see by ! foll[+ p>agraph1 h[ widely ! bane is be+ circulat$6--,lib]ator1 ,no4 #iii1 p4 #cd4 ,"h is circulat+ w\ld be bett]2 & s w\ld is circulat$4 ,nor w\ld ei!r ( ^! mu* v>y ! s5se1 if at all2 = circulate may mean1 accord+ to ,web/]1 to be diffus$1 or1 z ,johnson & ,worce/] h x1 to be disp]s$4 ,see ! second m>g9al note on p4 #cgh4 ,,obs4 #cj4--,r4 ,g4 ,p>k] appe>s to h =m$ a j op9ion ( ! mod]n innovation1 ! argum5ts = :i* are s l>gely exam9$ 9 ! =ego+ obs]vations2 b ! pr9ciple :i* he adduces z conclusive aga9/ x1 if pr9ciple x c be call$1 has sc>cely any be>+ on ! "q2 c]ta9ly no m ?an has ! simple ass]tion ( "o reputable critic1 t our p>ticiple 9 + may occasionally be us$ passively4 ,su* expressions z ! foll[+1 says he1 h rec5tly become v common1 n only 9 ! p]iodical publications ( ! day1 b are likewise f9d+ favor ) popul> writ]s2 z1 ',! h\se is be+ built4' ',! /reet is be+ pav$4' ',! actions t are n[ be+ p]=m$1' c4 ',! pat5ts are be+ prep>$4' ,! usage ( ! be/ writ]s does n sanction ^! expressions2 & ,mr4 ,pickb\rn lays d[n ! foll[+ pr9ciple1 :i* is conclusive ^u ! subject4 ',:5ev] ! p>ticiple 9 + is jo9$ by an auxili>y v]b to a nom9ative capable ( ! action1 x is tak5 actively2 b1 :5 jo9$ to "o incapable ( ! action1 x becomes passive4 ,if we say1 ,! man are build+ a h\se1 ! p>ticiple build+ is evid5tly us$ 9 an active s5se2 because ! m5 are capable ( ! action4 ,b :5 we say1 ,! h\se is build+1 or1 ,pat5ts are prep>+1 ! p>ticiples build+ & prep>+ mu/ necess>ily be und]/ood 9 a passive s5se2 because nei!r ! h\se nor ! pat5ts are capable ( action4'--,see ,pickb\rn on ! ,engli% ,v]b1 pp4 #gh-hj4--,p>k]'s ,aids to ,engli% ,composition1 p4 #aje4 ,pickb\rn wrote 8 ,diss]tation be=e ! "q arose :i* he is "h suppos$ to decide4 ,nor is he "r 9 assum+ t ! common ,progressive ,=m1 ( :i* he speaks1 mu/ be ei!r active-transitive or passive3 ,i h %[n above t x may be active-intransitive1 & p]haps1 9 a few in/ances1 neut]4 ,! class ( ! v]b is det]m9$ by some?+ else ?an ! m]e capabl5ess ( ! nom9ative4 ,,iii4 ,,=m ,,( ,,passive ,,v]bs4 ,passive v]bs1 9 ,engli%1 are always ( a comp\nd =m2 be+ made f active-transitive v]bs1 by add+ ! ,p]fect ,p>ticiple to ! auxili>y v]b ,,be1 ?r\gh all its *anges3 ?us f ! active-transitive v]b love1 is =m$ ! passive v]b be lov$4 ,,fif? ,,example4 ,! regul> passive v]b ,,be ,,lov$1 conjugat$ affirmatively4 ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts or ,,! ,,active ,,v]b4 ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,imp4 ,p>ticiple4 ,p]f4 ,p>ticiple4 ,love4 ,lov$4 ,lov+4 ,lov$4 ,,inf9itive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,to be lov$4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,to h be5 lov$4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i am lov$1 #a4 ,we are lov$1 #b4 ,?\ art lov$1 #b4 ,y are lov$1 #c4 ,he is lov$2 #c4 ,!y are lov$4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i 0 lov$1 #a4 ,we 7 lov$1 #b4 ,?\ wa/ lov$1 #b4 ,y 7 lov$1 #c4 ,he 0 lov$2 #c4 ,!y 7 lov$4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i h be5 lov$1 #a4 ,we h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,?\ ha/ be5 lov$1 #b4 ,y h be5 lov$1 #c4 ,he has be5 lov$2 #c4 ,!y h be5 lov$4 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i _h be5 lov$1 #a4 ,we _h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,?\ had/ be5 lov$1 #b4 ,y _h be5 lov$1 #c4 ,he _h be5 lov$2 #c4 ,!y _h be5 lov$4 ,,fir/-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all be lov$1 #a4 ,we %all be lov$1 #b4 ,?\ wilt be lov$1 #b4 ,y w be lov$1 #c4 ,he w be lov$2 #c4 ,!y w be lov$4 ,,second-,,future ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i %all h be5 lov$1 #a4 ,we %all h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,?\ wilt h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,y w h be5 lov$1 #c4 ,he w h be5 lov$2 #c4 ,!y w h be5 lov$4 ,,pot5tial ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may be lov$1 #a4 ,we may be lov$1 #b4 ,?\ may/ be lov$1 #b4 ,y may be lov$1 #c4 ,he may be lov$2 #c4 ,!y may be lov$4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might be lov$1 #a4 ,we might be lov$1 #b4 ,?\ might/ be lov$1 #b4 ,y might be lov$1 #c4 ,he might be lov$2 #c4 ,!y might be lov$4 ,,p]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i may h be5 lov$1 #a4 ,we may h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,?\ may/ h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,y may h be5 lov$1 #c4 ,he may h be5 lov$2 #c4 ,!y may h be5 lov$4 ,,plup]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,i might h be5 lov$1 #a4 ,we might h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,?\ might/ h be5 lov$1 #b4 ,y might h be5 lov$1 #c4 ,he might h be5 lov$2 #c4 ,!y might h be5 lov$4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i be lov$1 #a4 ,if we be lov$1 #b4 ,if ?\ be lov$1 #b4 ,if y be lov$1 #c4 ,if he be lov$2 #c4 ,if !y be lov$4 ,,imp]fect ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 ,plural4 #a4 ,if ,i 7 lov$1 #a4 ,if we 7 lov$1 #b4 ,if ?\ 7 lov$1 #b4 ,if y 7 lov$1 #c4 ,if he 7 lov$2 #c4 ,if !y 7 lov$4 ,,imp]ative ,,mood4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,s+ul>4 #b4 ,be ?\ lov$1 or ,d ?\ be lov$2 ,plural4 #b4 ,be ye or y lov$1 or ,d y be lov$4 ,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,! ,imp]fect4 #b4 ,! ,p]fect4 #c4 ,! ,prep]fect4 ,be+ lov$4 ,lov$4 ,hav+ be5 lov$4 ,,famili> ,,=m ,,) ',,?\4' ,,note4--,9 ! famili> /yle1 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ?is v]b1 is usually & m prop]ly =m$ ?us3 ,,ind4 ,?\ art lov$1 ,?\ 0 lov$1 ,?\ ha/ be5 lov$1 ,?\ _h be5 lov$1 ,?\ %all or w be lov$1 ,?\ %all or w h be5 lov$4 ,,pot4 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ be lov$2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld be lov$2 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ h be5 lov$2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld h be5 lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ be lov$1 ,if ?\ 7 lov$4 ,,imp4 ,be ?\ lov$1 or ,d ?\ be lov$4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,a few active-intransitive v]bs1 t signify m]e motion1 *ange ( place1 or *ange ( condition1 may be put into ?is =m1 ) a neut] signification2 mak+ n passive b neut] v]bs1 :i* express no?+ m ?an ! /ate :i* results f ! *ange3 z1 ,i am come4--,%e is gone4--,he is ris54--,!y are fall54 ,^! are :at ,dr4 ,johnson & "s o!rs call neut] passives2 a "n :i* nev] 0 v prop]1 & = :i* we h no frequ5t use4 ,,obs4 #b4--,mo/ neut] v]bs ( ! passive =m1 su* z1 am gr[n1 art become1 is la91 are fl[n1 are vani%$1 are dep>t$1 0 sat1 7 arriv$1 may n[ be consid]$ errors ( conjugation1 or p]haps ( syntax4 ,9 ! v]b1 to be mi/ak51 !re is an irregul>ity :i* ought to be p>ticul>ly notic$4 ,:5 appli$ to p]sons1 ?is v]b is commonly tak5 9 a neut] s5se1 & signifies1 to be 9 error1 to be wrong2 z1 ,i am mi/ak51 ?\ art mi/ak51 he is mi/ake4 ,b1 :5 us$ ( ?+s1 x is a prop] passive v]b1 & signifies1 to be misund]/ood1 or to be tak5 wrong2 z1 ,! s5se ( ! passage is mi/ak52 t is1 n rightly und]/ood4 ,see ,web/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,mi/ak54 ,i h kn[n a %ad[ across a brook to be mi/ak5 = a footbridge4 ,,obs4 #c4--,passive v]bs may be easily di/+ui%$ f neut] v]bs ( ! same =m1 by a ref]5ce to ! ag5t or in/rum5t1 common to ! =m] class1 b n to ! latt]4 ,?is frequ5tly is1 & always may be1 express$ aft] passive v]bs2 b nev] is1 & nev] c be1 express$ aft] neut] v]bs3 z1 ,! ?ief has be5 caught by ! (fic]4-- ,p5s are made ) a knife4 ,"h ! v]bs are passive2 b1 ,i am n yet asc5d$1 7,john1 xx1 #ag17 is n passive1 because x does n convey ! idea ( be+ asc5d$ by "s "o's ag5cy4 ,,obs4 #d4--,our anci5t writ]s1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,fr5*1 v frequ5tly employ$ ?is mode ( conjugation 9 a neut] s5se2 b1 ) a v few exceptions1 pres5t usage is cle>ly 9 fav\r ( ! auxili>y h 9 pref]5ce to be1 :5ev] ! v]b =m$ ) ! p]fect p>ticiple is n passive2 z1 ,!y h arriv$1--n1 ,!y are arriv$4 ,h5ce su* examples z ! foll[+1 are n n[ good ,engli%3 ,all ^! reasons are n[ ceas$4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aeg4 ,say1 h n[ ceas$4 ,:e!r he 7 n got beyond ! rea* ( 8 faculties4--,ib41 p4 #aeh4 ,say1 _h n got4 ,:i* is n[ gr[n :olly obsolete4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ccj4 ,say1 has n[ gr[n4 ,& :5 he 0 ent]$ into a %ip4--,bible4 ,say1 _h ent]$4-- ,:at is become ( dec5cy & virtue8--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aif4 ,say1 has become4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,x seems n to h be5 det]m9$ by ! ,engli% gramm>ians1 :e!r ! passive p>ticiples ( v]bs neut] require ! auxili>y am or h be=e !m4 ,! ,fr5*1 9 ?is case1 conf9e !mselves /rictly to ! =m]4 ',:at has become ( national lib]ty8' ,hume's ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 #f4 p4 #bed4 ,! ,fr5* w\ld say1 :at is become2 &1 9 ?is in/ance1 p]haps1 ) m propriety4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,x is no m>vel t ^? writ]s :o h n rightly made up _! m9ds ^u ?is po9t ( ,engli% gramm>1 %\ld consequ5tly fall into _m mi/akes4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple ( a neut] v]b is n passive1 z ! doctor seems to suppose x to be2 & ! mode ( conjugation :i* he "h incl9es to pref]1 is a m]e ,gallicism1 :i* is fa/ we>+ out f our language1 & is ev5 n[ b little c\nt5anc$ by good writ]s4 ,,obs4 #f4--,!re are a few v]bs ( ! passive =m :i* seem to imply t a p]son's own m9d is ! ag5t t actuates him2 z1 ,! editor is rejoic$ to ?9k1 c4--,juv5ile ,keepsake4 ,i am resolv$ :at to d4--,luke1 xvi1 #d4 ,he 0 resolv$ on go+ to ! city to reside4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,james 0 resolv$ n to indulge himself4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bbj4 ,he is incl9$ to g4--,he is det]m9$ to g4--,he is b5t on go+4 ,^! are prop]ly passive v]bs1 not)/&+ !re are active =ms :i* are ne>ly equival5t to mo/ ( !m2 z1 ,! editor rejoices to ?9k4--,i "k :at to d4--,he _h resolv$ on go+4--,james resolv$ n to indulge himself4 ,s 9 ! phrase1 ,i am a%am$ to beg1 we seem to h a passive v]b ( ?is sort2 b1 ! v]b to a%ame be+ n[ obsolete1 a%am$ is commonly reckon$ an adjective4 ,yet we _c put x be=e a n\n1 aft] ! usual mann] ( adjectives4 ,to be indebt$1 is an o!r expression ( ! same k9d4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 am rememb]'d is us$ = d rememb]1 &1 9 my op9ion1 inaccurately3 ,he said m9e eyes 7 black1 & my hair black2 ,&1 n[ ,i am rememb]'d1 scorn'd at me4--,%akspe>e4 ,,iv4 ,,=m ,,( ,,negation4 ,a v]b is conjugat$ negatively1 by plac+ ! adv]b n aft] x1 or aft] ! fir/ auxili>y2 b ! inf9itive & p>ticiples take ! negative fir/3 z1 ,n to love1 ,n to h lov$2 ,n lov+1 ,n lov$1 ,n hav+ lov$4 ,,fir/ ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,ind4 ,i love n1 or ,i d n love2 ,i lov$ n1 or ,i did n love2 ,i h n lov$2 ,i _h n lov$2 ,i %all n1 or w n1 love2 ,i %all n1 or w n1 h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,i may1 c1 or mu/ n love2 ,i might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld n love2 ,i may1 c1 or mu/ n h lov$2 ,i might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld n h lov$1 ,,subj4 ,if ,i love n1 ,if ,i lov$ n4 ,,second ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,solemn ,,/yle3--,,ind4 ,?\ love/ n1 or ,?\ do/ n love2 ,?\ lov$/ n1 or ,?\ did/ n love2 ,?\ ha/ n lov$2 ,?\ had/ n lov$2 ,?\ %alt n1 or wilt n1 love2 ,?\ %alt n1 or wilt n1 h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,?\ may/1 can/1 or mu/ n love2 ,?\ might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 or %\ld/ n love2 ,?\ may/1 can/1 or mu/ n h lov$2 ,?\ might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 or %\ld/ n h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ love n1 ,if ?\ lov$ n4 ,,imp4 ,love ?\ n1 or ,d ?\ n love4 ,,famili> ,,/yle3--,,ind4 ,?\ lov'/ n1 or ,?\ do/ n love2 ,?\ lov$ n1 or ,?\ did n love2 ,?\ ha/ n lov$2 ,?\ _h n lov$2 ,?\ %all n1 or w n1 love2 ,?\ %all n1 or w n1 h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ n love2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld n love2 ,?\ may1 c1 or mu/ n h lov$2 ,?\ might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld n h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if ?\ love n1 ,if ?\ lov$ n4 ,,imp4 ,love ?\ n1 or ,d ?\ n love4 ,,?ird ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,ind4 ,he loves n1 or ,he does n love2 ,he lov$ n1 or ,he did n love2 ,he has n lov$2 ,he _h n lov$2 ,he %all n1 or w n1 love2 ,he %all n1 or w n1 h lov$4 ,,pot4 ,he may1 c1 or mu/ n love2 ,he might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld n love2 ,he may1 c1 or mu/ n h lov$2 ,he might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld n h lov$4 ,,subj4 ,if he love n1 ,if he lov$ n4 ,v4 ,,=m ,,( ,,"q4 ,a v]b is conjugat$ int]rogatively1 9 ! indicative & pot5tial moods1 by plac+ ! nom9ative aft] x1 or aft] ! fir/ auxili>y3 z1 ,,fir/ ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,ind4 ,love ,i8 or ,d ,i love8 ,lov$ ,i8 or ,did ,i love8 ,h ,i lov$8 ,_h ,i lov$8 ,%all ,i love8 ,%all ,i h lov$8 ,,pot4 ,may1 c1 or mu/ ,i love8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld ,i love8 ,may1 c1 or mu/ ,i h lov$8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld ,i h lov$8 ,,second ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,solemn ,,/yle3--,,ind4 ,love/ ?\8 or ,do/ ?\ love8 ,lov$/ ?\8 or ,did/ ?\ love8 ,ha/ ?\ lov$8 ,had/ ?\ lov$8 ,wilt ?\ love8 ,wilt ?\ h lov$8 ,,pot4 ,may/1 can/1 or mu/ ?\ love8 ,might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 or %\ld/ ?\ love8 ,may/1 can/1 or mu/ ?\ h lov$8 ,might/1 c\ld/1 w\ld/1 or %\ld/ ?\ h lov$8 ,,famili> ,,/yle3--,,ind4 ,lov'/ ?\8 or ,do/ ?\ love8 ,lov$ ?\8 or ,did ?\ love8 ,ha/ ?\ lov$8 ,_h ?\ lov$8 ,w ?\ love8 ,w ?\ h lov$8 ,,pot4 ,may1 c1 or mu/ ?\ love8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld ?\ love8 ,may1 c1 or mu/ ?\ h lov$8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld ?\ h lov$8 ,,?ird ,,p]son ,,s+ul>4 ,,ind4 ,loves he8 or ,does he love8 ,lov$ he8 or ,did he love8 ,has he lov$8 ,_h he lov$8 ,%all or w he love8 ,w he h lov$8 ,,pot4 ,may1 c1 or mu/ he love8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld he love8 ,may1 c1 or mu/ he h lov$8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld he h lov$8 ,,vi4 ,,=m ,,( ,,"q ,,) ,,negation4 ,a v]b is conjugat$ int]rogatively & negatively1 9 ! indicative & pot5tial moods1 by plac+ ! nom9ative & ! adv]b n aft] ! v]b1 or aft] ! fir/ auxili>y3 z1 ,,fir/ ,,p]son ,,plural4 ,,ind4 ,love we n8 or ,d we n love8 ,lov$ we n8 or ,did we n love8 ,h we n lov$8 ,_h we n lov$8 ,%all we n love8 ,%all we n h lov$8 ,,pot4 ,may1 c1 or mu/ we n love8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld we n love8 ,may1 c1 or mu/ we n h lov$8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld we n h lov$8 ,,second ,,p]son ,,plural4 ,,ind4 ,see ye n8 or ,d y n see8 ,saw ye n8 or ,did y n see8 ,h y n se58 ,_h y n se58 ,w y n see8 ,w y n h se58 ,,pot4 ,may1 c1 or mu/ y n see8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld y n see8 ,may1 c1 or mu/ y n h se58 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld y n h se58 ,,?ird ,,p]son ,,plural4 ,,ind4 ,are !y n lov$8 ,7 !y n lov$8 ,h !y n be5 lov$8 ,_h !y n be5 lov$8 ,%all or w !y n be lov$8 ,w !y n h be5 lov$8 ,may1 c1 or mu/ !y n be lov$8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld !y n be lov$8 ,may1 c1 or mu/ !y n h be5 lov$8 ,might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 or %\ld !y n h be5 lov$8 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 a famili> "q or negation1 ! comp\nd or auxili>y =m ( ! v]b is1 9 g5]al1 pref]able to ! simple3 z1 ,no man lives to purpose1 :o does n live = po/]ity4--,dr4 ,wayl&4 ,x is inde$ s mu* m common1 z to seem ! only prop] mode ( expression3 z1 ,d ,i say ^! ?+s z a man8--,d y ?9k t we excuse ourselves8--,d y n "k t a little leav5 leav5s ! :ole lump8--,do/ ?\ revile8 c4 ,b 9 ! solemn or ! poetic /yle1 ?\gh ei!r may be us$1 ! simple =m is m dignifi$1 & p]haps m graceful3 z1 ,say ,i ^! ?+s z a man8--#a ,cor41 ix1 #h4 ,?9k ye t we excuse ourselves8--#b ,cor41 xii1 #ai4 ,"k ye n t a little leav5 leav5e? ! :ole lump8--#a ,cor41 v1 #f4 ,revile/ ?\ ,god's high prie/8--,acts4 ,k+ ,agrippa1 believe/ ?\ ! prophets8--,ib4 ,und]/&e/ ?\ :at ?\ reade/8--,ib4 ,( :om speake? ! prophet ?is8--,id4 ,& ! man ( ,god said1 ,:]e fell x8--#b ,k+s1 vi1 #f4 ,:at6 he>d ye n ( l[l& w>8--,sir ,w4 ,scott1 ,l4 ,l4 ,seems he n1 ,malise1 l a gho/8--,id41 ,l4 ( ,lake4 ,:]e ?9k/ ?\ he is n[8 ,/&s he1 or sits he8 ,or does he walk8 or is he on 8 horse8--,%ak41 ,ant4 & ,cleop4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 int]rogative s5t5ces1 ! auxili>ies %all & w are n always capable ( be+ appli$ to ! diff]5t p]sons agreeably to _! use 9 simple decl>ations3 ?us1 ,w ,i g8 is a "q :i* !re nev] c be any occasion to ask 9 its lit]al s5se2 because none kn[s bett] ?an ,i1 :at my w or wi% is4 ,b ,%all ,i g8 may prop]ly be ask$2 because %all "h ref]s to duty1 & asks to "k :at is agreeable to ! w ( an o!r4 ,9 que/ions1 ! fir/ p]son g5]ally requires %all2 ! second1 w2 ! ?ird admits ( bo?3 b1 9 ! second-future1 ! ?ird1 us$ int]rogatively1 seems to require w only4 ,yet1 9 t figurative k9d ( int]rogation :i* is sometimes us$ to decl>e a negative1 !re may be occasional exceptions to ^! pr9ciples2 z1 ,w ,i eat ! fle% ( bulls1 or dr9k ! blood ( goats8--,psalms1 #a1 #ac4 ,t is1 ,i w n eat1 c4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,_c is n prop]ly "o ^w1 b two3 9 p>s+1 ! adv]b mu/ be tak5 sep>ately1 & ! auxili>y be expla9$ ) its pr9cipal4 ,:5 p[] is d5i$1 c & n are n[ g5]ally unit$--p]haps 9 ord] to prev5t ambiguity2 z1 ,i _c g4 ,b :5 ! p[] is affirm$1 & some?+ else is d5i$1 ! words are writt5 sep>ately2 z1 ,! ,*ri/ian apologi/ c n m]ely expose ! utt] bas5ess ( ! infidel ass]tion1 b he has positive gr\nd = erect+ an opposite & confront+ ass]tion 9 its place4--,dr4 ,*alm]s4 ,! junction ( ^! t]ms1 h[ev]1 is n ( mu* importance to ! s5se2 &1 z x is pla9ly contr>y to analogy1 "s writ]s1--7z ,dr4 ,web/]1 9 8 late or improv$ works2 ,dr4 ,bullions1 9 82 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,c4 ,f[l]1 9 8 new ,engli% ,gramm>1 #hvo2 ,r4 ,c4 ,tr5*1 9 8 ,/udy ( ,words2 ,t4 ,s4 ,p9neo1 9 8 revis$ gramm>s2 ,j4 ,r4 ,*&l]1 ,w4 ,s4 ,c>dell1 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce1--7 always sep>ate !m4 ,&1 inde$1 :y %\ld we write1 ,i _c g1 ,?\ can/ n g1 ,he _c g8 ,ap>t f ! cu/om1 we h j z good reason to jo9 n to can/ z to c2 & sometimes its union ) ! latt] is a gross error3 z1 ,he _c only make a way to escape1 b ) ! injunction to duty c infuse ! p[] to p]=m4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #bhg4 ,! fe> ( ambiguity nev] prev5ts u f disjo9+ c & n :5ev] we wi% to put a ^w betwe5 !m3 z1 ,?\gh ! waves !re( toss !mselves1 yet c !y n prevail2 ?\gh !y ro>1 yet c !y n pass ov] x4--,j]emiah1 v1 #bb4 ,:i* !n ,i c resi/ n4--,byron's ,manfr$1 p4 #a4 ,c ,i n m\nta9 maid5 spy1 ,b %e mu/ be> ! ,d\glas eye8--,scott4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,9 negative que/ions1 ! adv]b n is sometimes plac$ be=e ! nom9ative1 & sometimes aft] x3 z1 ,told n ,i !e8--,numb41 xxiii1 #bf4 ,spake ,i n also to ?y mess5g]s8--,ib41 xxiv1 #ab4 ,_c ,i d ) y z ?is pott]8--,j]41 xviii1 #f4 ,art n ?\ a se]8--#b ,sam41 xv1 #bg4 ,did n ,israel "k8--,rom41 x1 #ai4 ,h !y n he>d8--,ib41 #ah4 ,d n !y blaspheme t wor?y "n8--,james1 ii1 #g4 ,?is adv]b1 l e o!r1 %\ld be plac$ :]e x w s\nd mo/ agreeably1 & be/ suit ! s5se4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley imag9$ t x c\ld n prop]ly come be=e ! nom9ative4 ,he says1 ,:5 ! nom9ative case is put aft] ! v]b1 on acc\nt ( an int]rogation1 no o!r ^w %\ld be int]pos$ betwe5 !m4 ,,examples3 ',may n we "h say ) ,lucretius8'--,addison on ,m$als1 p4 #bi4 ,may we n say8 ',is n x he4' 8 ,smollett's ,voltaire1 ,vol #ah1 p4 #aeb4 ,is x n he4 8--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #agg4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 grave disc\rse1 or 9 oratory1 ! adv]b n is spok5 z di/9ctly z o!r words2 b1 ord9>ily1 :5 plac$ be=e ! nom9ative1 x is rapidly slurr$ ov] 9 utt]ance & ! o is n he>d4 ,9 fact1 x is g5]ally 7?\gh inelegantly7 contract$ 9 famili> conv]sation1 & jo9$ to ! auxili>y3 z1 ,,ind4 ,don't !y d x8 ,didn't !y d x8 ,hav5't !y done x8 ,hadn't !y done x8 ,%an't1 or won't !y d x8 ,won't !y h done x8 ,,pot4 ,mayn't1 c't1 or mu/n't !y d x8 ,mightn't1 c\ldn't1 w\ldn't1 or %\ldn't !y d x8 ,mayn't1 c't1 or mu/n't !y h done x8 ,mightn't1 c\ldn't1 w\ldn't1 or %\ldn't !y h done x8 ,,obs4 #f4--,well-educat$ p commonly utt] _! words ) m di/9ctness & fullness ?an ! vulg>1 yet )\t adopt+ ord9>ily ! long-drawn syllables ( poets & orators1 or ! solemn phraseology ( prea*]s & prophets4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! grammatical propriety ( su* contractions z ! =ego+1 no "o :o has ev] obs]v$ h[ ! ,engli% language is usually spok51 w d\bt _! commonness1 or _! antiquity4 ,& x may be obs]v$1 t1 9 ! use ( ^! =ms1 ! di/9ction ( p]sons & numb]s 9 ! v]b1 is almo/1 if n entirely1 dropp$4 ,?us don't is us$ = do/ n or does n1 z prop]ly z = d n2 &1 ,?\ c't d x1 or %an't d x1 is z good ,engli% z1 ,he c't d x1 or %an't d x4 ,w1 accord+ to ,web/]1 0 anci5tly writt5 woll3 h5ce won't acquir$ ! o1 :i* is long 9 ,walk]'s or?opy4 ,hav5't1 :i* _c be us$ = has n or ha/ n1 is /ill fur!r contract$ by ! vulg>1 & spok5 ha'nt1 :i* s]ves = all ?ree4 ,^! =ms are sometimes f\nd 9 books2 z1 ,,wont1 a contraction ( woll n1 t is1 w n4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,,ha',,nt1 a contraction ( h n or has n4--,id4 ,,wont1 7wont or wunt17 ,a contraction ( w\ld n3-- us$ = w n4--,worce/]'s ,dict4 ,,han',t1 7hnt or hant17 ,a vulg> contraction = has n1 or h n4--,id4 ,9 ! writ+ ( su* contractions1 ! apo/rophe is n always us$2 ?\gh "s ?9k x necess>y = di/9ction's sake3 z1 ,:i* is equival5t1 because :at c't be done won't be done4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cab4 ,,irregul> ,,v]bs4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed2 z1 see1 saw1 see+1 se54 ,( ?is class ( v]bs !re are ab\t "o hundr$ & t51 beside _! sev]al d]ivatives & comp\nds4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,regul> v]bs =m _! pret]its & p]fect p>ticiples1 by add+ d to f9al e1 & ed to all o!r t]m9ations2 ! f9al consonant ( ! v]b be+ sometimes d\bl$1 7z 9 dropp$17 & f9al y sometimes *ang$ into i1 7z 9 cri$17 agreeably to ! rules = spell+ 9 su* cases4 ,! v]b he>1 he>d1 he>+1 he>d1 adds d to r1 & is !re=e irregul>4 ,he>d is pron\nc$ herd by all our lexicograph]s1 except ,web/]3 :o =m]ly wrote x he]d1 & /ill pron\nces x s2 alleg+1 9 despite ( univ]sal usage aga9/ him1 t x is writt5 m correctly he>$4--,octavo ,dict41 #ahbi4 ,su* pronunciation w\ld d\btless require ?is la/ or?ography1 he>$2 b bo? are1 9 fact1 ab\t z fanciful z 8 =m] mode ( spell+1 :i* ran ?us3 ,az ,i _h he]d sugge/$ by fr5ds or indiff]5t re$]s4--,dr4 ,web/]'s ,essays1 ,preface1 p4 #aj4 ,,obs4 #b4--,:5 a v]b ends 9 a %>p consonant1 t is sometimes improp]ly sub/itut$ = ed1 mak+ ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple irregul> 9 spell+1 :5 !y are n s 9 s\nd2 z1 di/re/ = di/ress$1 to/ = toss$1 mixt = mix$1 cract = crack$4 ,^! contractions are n[ g5]ally treat$ z errors 9 writ+2 & ! v]bs are accord+ly 7) a few exceptions7 acc\nt$ regul>4 ,"l ,kames comm5ds ,dean ,swift = hav+ done all 9 8 p[] to re/ore ! syllable ed2 says1 he possess$1 if any man ev] did1 ! true g5ius ( ! ,engli% tongue2 & ?9ks t 9 reject+ ^! ugly contractions1 he well des]ves to be imitat$4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ab4 ,! regul> or?ography is inde$ to be pref]r$ 9 all su* cases2 b ! writ+ ( ed re/ores no syllable1 except 9 solemn disc\rse2 &1 aft] all1 ! poems ( ,swift h s v _m ( ^! irregul> contractions 9 t1 t "o c h>dly believe 8 lord%ip _h ev] read !m4 ,s9ce ! days ( ^! critics /ill m has be5 done t[>ds ! re/oration ( ! ed1 9 or?ography1 ?\gh n 9 s\nd2 b1 ev5 at ?is pres5t "t1 our poets n unfrequ5tly write1 e/ = ess$ or ess'd1 9 =m+ ! pret]its or p>ticiples ( v]bs t end 9 ! syllable ess4 ,?is is an ill practice1 :i* ne$lessly multiplies our r$undant v]bs1 & greatly emb>rasses :at x seems at fir/ to simplify3 z1 ,o fri5d6 ,i "k n :i* way ,i mu/ look ,= com=t1 be+1 z ,i am1 oppre/1 ,to ?9k t n[ our life is only dre/ ,= %[4--,wordswor?'s ,poetical ,works1 #hvo1 p4 #aai4 ,,obs4 #c4--,:5 ! v]b ends ) a smoo? consonant1 ! sub/itution ( t = ed produces an irregul>ity 9 s\nd z well z 9 writ+4 ,9 "s su* irregul>ities1 ! poets are indulg$ = ! sake ( rhyme2 b ! be/ speak]s & writ]s ( prose pref] ! regul> =m1 :]ev] good use has sanction$ x3 ?us le>n$ is bett] ?an le>nt2 burn$1 ?an burnt2 p5n$1 ?an p5t2 absorb$1 ?an absorbt2 spell$1 ?an spelt2 smell$1 ?an smelt4 ,s _m ( ?is sort ( words z are all[ably contract$1 belong to ! class ( r$undant v]bs1 among :i* !y may be se5 9 a subsequ5t table4 ,,obs4 #d4--,sev]al ( ! irregul> v]bs are v>i\sly us$ by ! be/ au?ors2 r$undant =ms are occasionally giv5 to "s v]bs1 )\t suffici5t au?ority2 & _m pret]its & p>ticiples :i* 7 =m]ly 9 good use1 are n[ obsolete1 or becom+ s4 ,! simple irregul> v]bs 9 ,engli% are ab\t "o hundr$ & t51 & !y are ne>ly all monosyllables4 ,!y are d]iv$ f ! ,saxon1 9 :i* language !y are also1 = ! mo/ "p1 irregul>4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! foll[+ alphabetical li/ exhibits ! simple irregul> v]bs1 z !y are n[ g5]ally us$4 ,9 ?is li/1 ^? pret]its & p>ticiples :i* are suppos$ to be pref]able1 & be/ support$ by au?orities1 are plac$ fir/4 ,ne>ly all comp\nds t foll[ ! =m ( _! simple v]bs1 or d]ivatives t foll[ _! primitives1 are "h purposely omitt$4 ,welcome & behave are always regul>1 & !re=e belong n "h4 ,"s words :i* are obsolete1 h also be5 omitt$1 t ! le>n] might n mi/ake !m = words 9 pres5t use4 ,"s ( ^? :i* are plac$ la/1 are n[ little us$4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,irregul> ,,v]bs4 ,imp]fect ,p]fect ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,p>ticiple4 ,p>ticiple4 ,arise1 arose1 aris+1 aris54 ,be1 01 be+1 be54 ,be>1 bore or b>e1 be>+1 borne or born4#bgd ,beat1 beat1 beat+1 beat5 or beat4 ,beg91 began or begun1#bge beg9n+1 begun4 ,behold1 beheld1 behold+1 beheld4 ,beset1 beset1 besett+1 beset4 ,be/ead1 be/ead1 be/ead+1 be/ead4#bgf ,bid1 bid or bade1 bidd+1 bidd5 or bid4 ,b9d1 b\nd1 b+1 b\nd4 ,bite1 bit1 bit+1 bitt5 or bit4 ,ble$1 bl$1 ble$+1 bl$4 ,break1 broke1#bgg break+1 brok54 ,bre$1 br$1 bre$+1 br$4 ,br+1 br\ght1 br++1 br\ght4 ,buy1 b\ght1 buy+1 b\ght4 ,ca/1 ca/1 ca/+1 ca/4 ,*ide1 *id1 *id+1 *idd5 or *id4 ,*oose1 *ose1 *oos+1 *os54 ,cleave1#bgh cleft or clove1 cleav+1 cleft or clov54 ,cl+1 clung1 cl++1 clung4 ,come1 came1 com+1 come4 ,co/1 co/1 co/+1 co/4 ,cut1 cut1 cutt+1 cut4 ,d1 did1 do+1 done4 ,draw1 drew1 draw+1 drawn4 ,dr9k1 drank1 dr9k+1 drunk1 or drank4#bgi ,drive1 drove1 driv+1 driv54 ,eat1 ate or eat1 eat+1 eat5 or eat4 ,fall1 fell1 fall+1 fall54 ,fe$1 f$1 fe$+1 f$4 ,feel1 felt1 feel+1 felt4 ,fight1 f\ght1 fight+1 f\ght4 ,f9d1 f\nd1 f9d+1 f\nd4 ,flee1 fl$1 flee+1 fl$4 ,fl+1 flung1 fl++1 flung4 ,fly1 flew1 fly+1 fl[n4 ,=be>1 =bore1 =be>+1 =borne4 ,=sake1 =sook1 =sak+1 =sak54 ,get1 got1 gett+1 got or gott54 ,give1 gave1 giv+1 giv54 ,g1 w5t1 go+1 gone4 ,gr[1 grew1 gr[+1 gr[n4 ,h1 _h1 hav+1 _h4 ,he>1 he>d1 he>+1 he>d4 ,hide1 hid1 hid+1 hidd5 or hid4 ,hit1 hit1 hitt+1 hit4 ,hold1 held1 hold+1 held or hold54#bhj ,hurt1 hurt1 hurt+1 hurt4#bha ,keep1 kept1#bhb keep+1 kept4 ,"k1 knew1 kn[+1 kn[n4 ,lead1 l$1 lead+1 l$4 ,leave1 left1 leav+1 left4 ,l5d1 l5t1 l5d+1 l5t4 ,let1 let1 lett+1 let ,lie1#bhc lay1 ly+1 la94 ,lose1 lo/1 los+1 lo/4 ,make1 made1 mak+1 made4 ,meet1 met1 meet+1 met4 ,outdo1 outdid1 outdo+1 outdone4 ,put1 put1 putt+1 put4 ,read1 read1 read+1 read4 ,r5d1 r5t1 r5d+1 r5t4#bhd ,rid1 rid1 ridd+1 rid4 ,ride1 rode1 rid+1 ridd5 or rode4 ,r+1 rung or rang1 r++1 rung4 ,rise1 rose1 ris+1 ris54 ,run1 ran or run1 runn+1 run4 ,say1 said1 say+1 said4#bhe ,see1 saw1 see+1 se54 ,seek1 s\ght1 seek+1 s\ght4 ,sell1 sold1 sell+1 sold4 ,s5d1 s5t1 s5d+1 s5t4 ,set1 set1 sett+1 set4 ,%$1 %$1 %$d+1 %$4 ,%oe1 %od1 %oe+1 %od4#bhf ,%oot1 %ot1 %oot+1 %ot4 ,%ut1 %ut1 %utt+1 %ut4 ,%r$1 %r$1 %r$d+1 %r$4 ,%r9k1 %runk or %rank1 %r9k+1 %runk or %runk54 ,s+1 sung or sang1#bhg s++1 sung4 ,s9k1 sunk or sank1 s9k+1 sunk4 ,sit1 sat1 sitt+1 sat4#bhh ,slay1 slew1 slay+1 sla94 ,sl+1 slung1 sl++1 slung4 ,sl9k1 slunk or slank1 sl9k+1 slunk4 ,smite1 smote1 smit+1 smitt5 or smit4 ,speak1 spoke1 speak+1 spok54 ,sp5d1 sp5t1 sp5d+1 sp5t4 ,sp91 spun1 sp9n+1 spun4 ,spit1 spit or spat1 spitt+1 spit or spitt54 ,spread1 spread1 spread+1 spread4 ,spr+1 sprung or sprang1 spr++1 sprung4 ,/&1 /ood1 /&+1 /ood4 ,/eal1 /ole1 /eal+1 /ol54 ,/ick1 /uck1 /ick+1 /uck4 ,/+1 /ung1 /++1 /ung4 ,/9k1 /unk or /ank1 /9k+1 /unk4 ,/ride1 /rode or /rid1 /rid+1 /ridd5 or /rid4#bhi ,/rike1 /ruck1 /rik+1 /ruck or /rick54 ,swe>1 swore1 swe>+1 sworn4 ,swim1 swum or swam1 swimm+1 swum4 ,sw+1 swung or swang1 sw++1 swung4 ,take1 took1 tak+1 tak54 ,tea*1 taught1 tea*+1 taught4 ,te>1 tore1 te>+1 torn4 ,tell1 told1 tell+1 told4 ,?9k1 ?\ght1 ?9k+1 ?\ght4 ,?ru/1 ?ru/1 ?ru/+1 ?ru/4 ,tread1 trod1 tread+1 trodd5 or trod4 ,we>1 wore1 we>+1 worn4 ,w91 won1 w9n+1 won4 ,write1 wrote1 writ+1 writt54#bij ,,r$undant ,,v]bs4 ,a r$undant v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it or ! p]fect p>ticiple 9 two or m ways1 & s z to be bo? regul> & irregul>2 z1 ?rive1 ?riv$ or ?rove1 ?riv+1 ?riv$ or ?riv54 ,( ?is class ( v]bs1 !re are ab\t n9ety-five1 beside sundry d]ivatives & comp\nds4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,^? irregul> v]bs :i* h m ?an "o =m = ! pret]it or = ! p]fect p>ticiple1 are 9 "s s5se r$undant2 b1 z !re is no occasion to make a di/9ct class ( su* z h d\ble =ms t are nev] regul>1 ^! r$undancies are ei!r includ$ 9 ! prec$+ li/ ( ! simple irregul> v]bs1 or omitt$ z be+ improp] to be n[ recogniz$ = good ,engli%4 ,sev]al examples ( ! latt] k9d1 includ+ bo? innovations & ar*aisms1 w appe> among ! improprieties = correction1 at ! end ( ?is *apt]4 ,a few old pret]its or p>ticiples may p]haps be acc\nt$ good ,engli% 9 ! solemn /yle1 :i* are n s 9 ! famili>3 z1 ,& none spake a ^w unto him4--,job1 ii1 #ac4 ,:5 ,i brake ! five loaves4--,m>k1 viii1 #ai4 ,& he drave !m f ! judgem5t-seat4--,acts1 xviii1 #af4 ,s]ve me till ,i h eat5 & drunk54--,luke1 xvii1 #h4 ,x 0 n possible t he %\ld be hold5 ( x4--,acts1 ii1 #bd4 ,?\ ca/$/ !m d[n into de/ruction4--,psal41 lxxiii1 #ah4 ,behold1 ,i 0 %ap5 9 iniquity4--,ib41 li1 #e4 ,a meat-(f]+ bak5 9 ! ov54--,leviticus1 ii1 #d4 ,) ca/$ sl\gh1 & fre% cel]ity4--,,%ak41 ,h5ry ,v4 ,?y dreadful v[1 load5 ) dea?4--,,addison3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! v]b bet is giv5 9 ,worce/]'s ,diction>y1 z be+ always regul>3 ,,bet1 v4 a4 i4 ,,bett$2 pp4 ,,bett+1 ,,bett$4 ,to wag]2 to lay a wag] or bet4 ,,%ak4--,octavo ,dict4 ,9 ,a9swor?'s ,gramm>1 x is giv5 z be+ always irregul>3 ,pres5t1 ,bet2 ,imp]fect1 ,bet2 ,p>ticiple1 ,bet4--,page #cf4 ,on ! au?ority ( ^!1 & ( "s o!rs cit$ 9 ,,obs4 #f? bel[1 ,i h put x ) ! r$undant v]bs4 ,! v]b prove is r$undant1 if prov51 :i* is notic$ by ,web/]1 ,bolles1 & ,worce/]1 is an admissible ^w4 ,! p>ticiple prov5 is us$ 9 ,scotl& & 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 9 ,engl&4--',!re is a mighty diff]5ce betwe5 n prov5 & disprov54' ,,dr4 ,,?4 ,,*alm]s4 ',n prov54' ,,qu4 ,,rev4--,worce/]'s ,univ]sal & ,critical ,dict4 ,! v]bs bless & dress are to be consid]$ r$undant1 accord+ to ! au?ority ( ,worce/]1 ,web/]1 ,bolles1 & o!rs4 ,cobbett w h ! v]bs1 ca/1 *ide1 cl+1 draw1 gr[1 %r$1 sl+1 sl9k1 spr+1 /+1 /ride1 swim1 sw+1 & ?ru/1 to be always regul>2 b ,i f9d no suffici5t au?ority = all[+ to any ( !m a regul> =m2 & !re=e leave !m1 :]e !y always h be51 9 ! li/ ( simple irregul>s4 ,^! f\rte5 v]bs are a "p ( ! long li/ ( sev5ty :i* ?is au?or says1 are1 by "s p]sons1 errone\sly deem$ irregul>4 ,( ! foll[+ n9e only1 is 8 ass]tion true2 namely1 dip1 help1 load1 ov]fl[1 slip1 sn[1 /amp1 /rip1 :ip4 ,^! n9e ought always to be =m$ regul>ly2 = all _! irregul>ities may well be reckon$ obsolete4 ,aft] ^! d$uctions f ?is mo/ errone\s catalogue1 !re rema9 =ty-five o!r v common v]bs1 to be dispos$ ( contr>y to ?is au?or's in/ructions4 ,all b two ( ^! ,i %all place 9 ! li/ ( r$undant v]bs2 ?\gh = ! use ( ?r[$ ,i f9d no writt5 au?ority b 8 & ,william ,b4 ,f[le's4 ,! two :i* ,i d n consid] r$undant are spit & /rew1 ( :i* x may be prop] to take m p>ticul> notice4 ,,obs4 #c4--,spit1 to /ab1 or to put ^u a spit1 is regul>2 z1 ,i spitt$ frogs1 ,i cru%$ a heap ( emmets4--,dryd54 ,spit1 to ?r[ out saliva1 is irregul>1 & mo/ prop]ly =m$ ?us3 spit1 spit1 spitt+1 spit4 ,spat is obsolete4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,x is us$ 9 ! ,bible2 z1 ,he spat on ! gr\nd1 & made clay ( ! spittle4--,john1 ix1 #f4 ,l4 ,murray gives ?is v]b ?us3 ,pres4 ,spit2 ,imp4 spit1 spat2 ,p]f4 ,"p4 spit1 spitt54 ,,note3 ,spitt5 is ne>ly obsolete4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,sanborn has x ?us3 ,pres4 ,spit2 ,imp4 spit2 ,pres4 ,"p4 spitt+2 ,p]f4 ,"p4 spit1 spat4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,cobbett1 at fir/1 tak+ x 9 ! =m1 to spit1 ,i spat1 spitt51 plac$ x among ! sev5ty :i* he s errone\sly ?\ght %\ld be made regul>2 aft]w>ds he left x only 9 8 li/ ( irregul>s1 ?us3 to spit1 ,i spit1 spitt54--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 ( #ahcb1 p4 #ed4 ,*ur*ill1 9 #ahbc1 pref]r+ ! old] =ms1 gave x ?us3 ,spit1 spat or spit1 spitt5 or spit4--,new ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,,note3--,johnson gives spat z ! pret]imp]fect1 & spit or spitt$ z ! p>ticiple ( ?is v]b1 :5 x means to pi]ce ?r\gh ) a po9t$ in/rum5t3 b 9 ?is s5se1 ,i believe1 x is always regul>2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! regul> =m is n[ nev] us$1 :5 x signifies to eject f ! m\?2 ?\gh we f9d 9 ,luke1 xviii1 #cb1 ',he %all be spitt$ on4'--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #bfd4 ,?is text ought to h be51 ,he %all be spit ^u4 ,,obs4 #d4--,to /rew is 9 fact no?+ else ?an an o!r mode ( spell+ ! v]b to /r[2 z %ew is an obsolete =m = %[2 b if we pron\nce ! two =ms diff]5tly1 we make !m diff]5t words4 ,walk]1 & "s o!rs1 pron\nce !m alike1 /ro2 ,%]idan1 ,jones1 ,jameson1 & ,web/]1 di/+ui% !m 9 utt]ance1 /roo & /ro4 ,?is is conv5i5t = ! sake ( rhyme1 & p]haps !re=e pref]able4 ,b /rew1 ,i incl9e to ?9k1 is prop]ly a regul> v]b only1 ?\gh ,wells & ,worce/] give x o!rwise3 if /rewn has ev] be5 prop]1 x seems n[ to be obsolete4 ,,examples3 ,o!rs cut d[n bran*es f ! trees1 & /rew$ !m 9 ! way4--,matt41 xxi1 #h4 ,ga!r+ :]e ?\ ha/ n /rew$4--,matt41 xxv1 #bd4 ,_! "n1 _! ye>s1 spelt by ?' unlett]'d muse1 ,! place ( fame & elegy supply2 ,& _m a holy text ar\nd %e /rews1 ,t tea* ! ru/ic morali/ to die4--,gray4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! li/ :i* ,i give bel[1 prep>$ ) great c>e1 exhibits ! r$undant v]bs1 z !y are n[ g5]ally us$1 or z !y may be us$ )\t grammatical impropriety4#bia ,^? =ms :i* are suppos$ to be pref]able1 & be/ support$ by au?orities1 are plac$ fir/4 ,no words are ins]t$ "h1 b su* z "s mod]n au?ors c\nt5ance4 ,l4 ,murray recognizes b]eav$1 cat*$1 deal$1 digg$1 dwell$1 hang$1 knitt$1 %9$1 spill$2 &1 9 8 e>ly editions1 he approv$ ( b5d$1 build$1 creep$1 weav$1 work$1 wr+$4 ,8 two l>g] books n[ tell u1 ,! ,compil] has n ins]t$ su* v]bs z le>nt1 spelt1 spilt1 c4 :i* are improp]ly t]m9at$ by t1 in/ead ( ed4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ajg2 ,duodecimo1 p4 #ig4 ,b if he did n1 9 all 8 gramm>s1 ins]t1 ,spill1 spilt1 ,r4 spilt1 ,r41 7pp4 #ajf1 #if17 pref]r+ ! irregul> =m to ! regul>1 somebody else has done x = him4 ,&1 :at is rem>kable1 _m ( 8 am5d]s1 z if misl$ by "s evil g5ius1 h contradict$ !mselves 9 precisely ! same way6 ,+]soll1 ,fisk1 ,m]*ant1 & ,h>t1 republi% exactly ! =ego+ words1 & sev]ally become ,! ,compil] ( ! same errone\s catalogue6 ,kirkham pref]s spilt to spill$1 & !n decl>es ! ^w to be improp]ly t]m9at$ by t in/ead ( ed4--,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,gre5leaf1 :o condemns le>nt & spelt1 ?9ks dwelt & spilt are ! only e/abli%$ =ms2 yet he w h dwell & spill to be regul> v]bs1 z well z irregul>6--,gram4 ,simp41 p4 #bi4 ,webb] pref]s spill$ to spilt2 b ,picket admits only ! latt]4 ,cobbett & ,sanborn pref] b]eav$1 build$1 deal$1 digg$1 dream$1 hang$1 & knitt$1 to b]eft1 built1 dealt1 dug1 dreamt1 hung1 & knit4 ,! =m] pref]s creep$ to crept1 & freez$ to froze2 ! latt]1 slitt$ to slit1 wr+$ to wrung2 & bo? consid]1 ,i b5d$1 ,i bur/$ & ,i bl[$1 to be good mod]n ,engli%4 ,w4 ,all5 ackn[l$ges freez$ & slid$2 &1 l ,web/]1 pref]s hove to hov53 b ! latt] ju/ly pref]s heav$ to bo?4 ,,examp43 ,! supple k9sman slid$ to ! helm4--,new ,timon4 ,! rogues slid$ me into ! riv]4--,%ak4 ,& ! s& slid$ f b5ea? my feet4-- ,,dr4 ,,johnson3 9 ,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #agi4 ,:]e) %e freez'd h] foes to congeal'd /one4--,milton's ,comus1 l4 #ddi4 ,x freez$ h>d la/ night4 ,n[1 :at 0 x t freez$ s h>d8--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,f> h5ce lies1 ev] freez'd1 ! nor!rn ma94--,savage's ,w&]]1 l4 #eg4 ,has he n taught1 besee*$1 & %$ abroad ! ,_s unconf9$8--,pollok's ,c\rse ( ,"t1 ,b4 x1 l4 #bge4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,d4 ,blair supposes cat*$ to be an errone\s ^w & unau?oriz$3 ,i cat*'d x1 = ,i caught x1 he sets d[n = a vulg>ism4--,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,b cat*$ is us$ by "s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ au?ors4 ,de>born pref]s ! regul> =m ( creep3 creep1 creep$ or crept1 creep$ or crept4--,columbian ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,i adopt no man's op9ions implicitly2 copy no?+ )\t exam9ation2 b1 to prove all my decisions to be "r1 w\ld be an endless task4 ,i %all d z mu* z ought to be expect$1 t[>d %[+ t !y are s4 ,x is to be rememb]$1 t ! poets1 z well z ! vulg>1 use "s =ms :i* a g5tleman w\ld be likely to avoid1 unless he meant to quote or imitate2 z1 ,s clomb ! fir/ gr& ?ief into ,god's fold2 ,s s9ce into 8 *ur* lewd hirel+s climb4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #aib4 ,he %ore 8 %eep1 &1 hav+ pack$ ! wool1 ,s5t !m ungu>d$ to ! hill ( wolves4 --,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b4 vi1 l4 #cjf4 ------,! ,k+ ( heav'n ,b>'d 8 r$ arm1 & laun*+ f ! sky ,8 wri!n bolt1 n %ak+ empty smoke1 ,d[n to ! deep abyss ! flam+ felon /rook4 --,dryd54 ,,obs4 #g4--,! foll[+ are examples 9 pro( ( "s ( ! =ms ackn[l$g$ bel[3 ,:]e etiquette & prec$5ce abid$ f> away4--,pauld+'s ,we/w>d-,ho6 p4 #f4 ,b !re 7 no secrets :]e ,mrs4 ,judi? ,paddock abid$4--,ib41 p4 #h4 ,!y abid$ by ! =ms ( gov]nm5t e/abli%$ by ! *>t]s4--,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 ,oration1 #ahca4 ,i h abode consequ5ces (t5 en\gh 9 ! c\rse ( my life4--,id41 ,spee*1 #ahci4 ,pres5t1 bide1 or abide2 ,pa/1 bode1 or abode4--,co>'s ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,i awak$ up la/ ( all4--,ecclus41 xxxiii1 #af4 ,= ?is are my knees b5d$ be=e ! ,god ( ! spirits ( all fle%4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,!re 0 nev] a pr9ce b]eav$ ( 8 dep5d5cies1 c4--,bacon4 ,madam1 y h b]eft me ( all words4--,%akspe>e4 ,reave1 reav$ or reft1 reav+1 reav$ or reft4 ,b]eave is simil>4--,w>d's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,& let !m tell _! tales ( w(ul ages1 long ago betid4--,%ak4 ,( e nation bl5t1 & e age4--,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b vii1 p4 #aec4 ,rid] & horse1--fri5d1 foe1--9 "o r$ burial bl5t6--,byron1 ,h>old1 ,c4 iii1 /4 #bh4 ,i build$ me h\ses4--,ecclesia/es1 ii1 #d4 ,= e h\se is build$ by "s man2 b he t built all ?+s is ,god4--,heb4 iii1 #d4 ,:at ?y h&s build$ n1 ?y wisdom ga9$4--,milton's ,p4 ,l41 ,x1 #cgc4 ,pres5t1 bet2 ,pa/1 bet2 ,p>ticiple1 bet4-- ,mack9to%'s ,gram41 p4 #aig2 ,alex&]'s1 #ch4 ,john ( ,gaunt lov$ him well1 & bett$ mu* ^u 8 head4--,,%akspe>e3 ,joh4 ,dict1 w4 ,bet4 ,he lo/ e e>?ly ?+ he bett$4--,,prior3 ib4 ,a s]aph kneel$4--,pollok1 ,c4 ,t41 p4 #ie4 ,at fir/1 he decl>$ he himself w\ld be bl[$1 ,ere 8 consci5ce ) su* a f\l crime he w\ld load4 --,j4 ,r4 ,l[ell4 ,!y are cat*$ )\t art or indu/ry4--,rob]tson's ,am]41-,vol4 i1 p4 #cjb4 ,apt to be cat*$ & dazzl$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bf4 ,! lion be+ cat*$ 9 a net4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #bcb4 ,9 _! self-w !y digg$ d[n a wall4--,g541 xlix1 #f4 ,! royal "m in/antly dove to ! bottom & br\ght up h] babe unh>m$4-- ,trumbull's ,am]ica1 i1 #add4 ,! le>n$ h div5 into ! secrets ( nature4--,,c>not3 ,columbian ,orator1 p4 #hb4 ,!y h awoke f t ignorance 9 :i* !y _h slept4--,london ,encyclop$ia4 ,& he slept & dream$ ! second "t4--,g541 xli1 #e4 ,s ,i awoke4--,ib41 #ba4 ,b he hang$ ! *ief bak]4--,g541 xl1 #bb4 ,make z if y hang$ y\rself4--,,arbu?not3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,grav5 by art & man's device4--,acts1 xvii1 #bi4 ,grav'd on ! /one b5ea? yon ag$ ?orn4--,gray4 ,t ! too? ( usury may be gr9d$4--,"l ,bacon4 ,,miln-,,ee1 ,! hole f :i* ! gr9d$ corn falls into ! *e/ bel[4--,gloss>y ( ,crav51 ,london1 #ahbh4 ,,ungrund1 ,n gr9d$4-- ,ibid4 ,& he built ! inn] c\rt ) ?ree r[s ( hew$ /one4--#a ,k+s1 vi1 #cf4 ,a ?+ by :i* matt] is hew$4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cgh4 ,,scagd or ,,scad mean$ di/9ction1 divid+4--,ib41 i1 #aad4 ,he only mean$ to ackn[l$ge him to be an extraord9>y p]son4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,! det]m9es :at p>ticul> ?+ is mean$4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,if ,h]mia mean'd to say ,lys&] li$4--,%ak4 ,z if ,i mean$ n ! fir/ b ! second creation4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #bhi4 ,f "s /ones h riv]s bur/$ =?4--,sale's ,koran1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ad4 ,s move we on2 ,i only meant ,to %[ ! re$ on :i* y leant4--,scott1 ,l4 ,l41 ,c4 v1 /4 #aa4 ,,obs4 #h4--,lay$1 pay$1 & /ay$1 are n[ less common ?an laid1 paid1 & /aid2 b p]haps n less correct1 s9ce !y are ! same words 9 a m regul> & n uncommon or?ography3 ,?\ take/ up t :i* ?\ lay$/ n d[n4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible1 ,,smi?',s1 ,,bruce',s3 ,luke1 xix1 #ba4 ,scott's ,bible1 9 ?is place1 has laye/1 :i* is wrong 9 t5se4 ,?\ lay$/ affliction ^u our lo9s4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,psalms1 lxvi1 #aa4 ,?\ laide/ affliction ^u our lo9s4--,,scott',s ,,bible1 & ,,bruce',s4 ,?\ laid/ affliction ^u our lo9s4--,,smi?',s ,,bible1 ,/]eotyp$ by ,j4 ,h[e4 ,:i* g5tly lay'd my knigh?ood on my %\ld]4--,,s+]',s ,,%akspe>e3 ,ri*>d ,,ii1 ,act i1 ,sc4 #a4 ,b no reg>d 0 pay$ to 8 remon/rance4--,smollett's ,engl&1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #bab4 ,!re=e ! heav5 ov] y is /ay$ f dew1 & ! e>? is /ay$ f h] fruit4--,haggai1 i1 #aj4 ,,/ay1 i4 ,,/ay$ or ,,/aid2 pp4 ,,/ay+1 ,,/ay$ or ,,/aid4--,worce/]'s ,univ4 & ,crit4 ,dict4 ,n[ ,jona?an & ,ahimaaz /ay$ by ,en-rogel4--#b ,sam41 xvii1 #ag4 ,?is day h ,i pay$ my v[s4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,prov1 vii1 #ad4 ,scott's ,bible has paid4 ,!y n only /ay$ = _! resort1 b dis*>g$ div]s4--,,hayw>d3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,i /ay$ till ! late/ grapes 7 ripe4--,wall]'s ,d$ication4 ,to lay is regul>1 & has 9 ! pa/ "t & p>ticiple lay$ or laid4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,to ! flood1 t /ay'd h] flight4--,milton's ,comus1 l4 #hcb4 ,all rude1 all wa/e1 & desolate is lay'd4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #afcf4 ,& he smote ?rice1 & /ay$4--#b ,k+s1 xiii1 #ah4 ,:5 ,cobham1 g5]\s z ! noble pe] ,t we>s 8 hon\rs1 pay'd ! fatal price ,( virtue bloom+1 ere ! /orms 7 laid4--,%5/one1 p4 #afg4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,by ! =ego+ citations1 lay1 pay1 & /ay1 are cle>ly prov$ to be r$undant4 ,b1 9 ne>ly all our ,engli% gramm>s1 lay & pay are repres5t$ z be+ always irregul>2 & /ay is z (t51 & z improp]ly1 suppos$ to be always regul>4 ,o!r examples 9 pro( ( ! li/3 ,i lit my pipe ) ! pap]4--,addison4 ,:ile he :om le>n+1 habits1 all prev5t1 ,is l>gely mulct = ea* imp$im5t4--,crabbe1 ,bor41 p4 #ajb4 ,& !n ! *apel--night & morn to pray1 ,or mulct & ?reat5'd if he kept away4--,ib41 p4 #afb4 ,a small space is =m$1 9 :i* ! brea? is p5t up4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dic4 ,p51 :5 x means to write1 is always regul>4 ,boyle has p5n$ 9 ! s5se ( conf9$4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bfa4 ,s f> z x 0 n[ pl$4--,,&]son3 ,annals ( ! ,bible1 p4 #be4 ,rapp$ ) admiration4--,,hook]3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,& be+ rapt ) ! love ( 8 beauty4--,id41 ib4 ,& rapt 9 secret /udies4--,,%ak43 ib4 ,i'm rapt ) joy4--,,addison3 ib4 ,roa/ ) fire4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,exod41 xii1 #h & #i4 ,roa/$ ) fire4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,exod41 xii1 #h & #i4 ,^u !m ha? ! light %9$4--,isaiah1 ix1 #b4 ,! e>? %9$ ) 8 glory4--,ezekiel1 xliii1 #b4 ,aft] t he _h %[$ wond]s4--,acts1 vii1 #cf4 ,^? ?+s :i* ,god be=e _h %[$4--,acts1 iii1 #ah4 ,z %all be %ew$ 9 ,syntax4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bh4 ,i h %[n y1 t ! two fir/ may be dismiss$4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #aj4 ,& 9 ?is /ruggle 7 s[$ ! se$s ( ! revolution4--,ev]ett's ,address1 p4 #af4 ,y\r fav\r %[$ to ! p]=mance1 has giv5 me boldness4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 ,d$4 ,yea1 s h ,i /riv$ to prea* ! gospel4--,rom41 xv1 #bj4 ,art ?\1 l ! add]1 wax5 deaf8--,%akspe>e4 ,ham/r+'d beh9d1 unhappy ,gyges di$4--,dryd54 ,9 ,syracusa 0 ,i born & w$4--,%akspe>e4 ,& ?\ art w$d$ to calamity4--,id4 ,i saw !e fir/1 & w$d$ !e4--,milton4 ,sprung ! rank we$1 & ?riv$ ) l>ge increase4--,pope4 ,"s errors nev] w\ld h ?riv51 _h x n be5 = le>n$ refutation4--,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #cd4 ,"u y\r c>e !y h ?riv54--,junius1 p4 #e4 ,fix$ by be+ roll$ closely1 compact$1 knitt$4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cgd4 ,) k9d conv]se & skill has weav$4--,prior4 ,?\gh ,i %all be wett$ to ! sk94--,s&=d & ,m]ton1 p4 #fd4 ,i spe$$ hi!r ) ! v extreme/ in* ( possibility4--,%akspe>e4 ,& pure grief %ore 8 old ?read 9 twa94--,id4 ,& mu/ ,i ravel out my weav$-up follies8--,id41 ,ri*4 ,,ii4 ,tells h[ ! drudg+ ,gobl9 swet4--,milton's ,l',allegro4 ,weave1 wove or weav$1 weav+1 wove1 weav$1 or wov54--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,?\ :o b5ea? ! fr[n ( fate ha/ /ood1 ,& 9 ?y dreadful agony sweat blood4--,"y1 p4 #bch4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! v]b to %ake is n[ seldom us$ 9 any o!r ?an ! irregul> =m1 %ake1 %ook1 %ak+1 %ak52 &1 9 ?is =m only1 is x recogniz$ by our pr9cipal gramm>ians & lexicograph]s1 except t ,johnson improp]ly ackn[l$ges %ook z well z %ak5 = ! p]fect p>ticiple3 z1 ,i've %ook x (f4--,,dryd53 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,b ! regul> =m1 %ake1 %ak$1 %ak+1 %ak$1 appe>s to h be5 us$ by "s writ]s ( high reputation2 &1 if ! v]b is n n[ prop]ly r$undant1 x =m]ly 0 s4 ,examples regul>3 ,! frame & huge f\ndation ( ! e>? %ak'd l a c[>d4--,,%akspe>e3 ,h54 ,,iv4 ,i am he t is s love-%ak$4--,,id43 ,z ,y ,l x4 ,a sly & con/ant knave1 n to be %ak'd4--,,id43 ,cymbel9e3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,i ?\ght he w\ld h %ak$ x (f4--,,tattl]3 ib4 ,to ! v po9t ,i %ak$ my head at4--,spectator1 ,no4 #d4 ,f ! ru9'd ro( ( %ak'd ,olympus4--,milton's ,poems4 ,none ha? %ak'd x (f4--,walk]'s ,engli% ,p>ticles1 p4 #hi4 ,!y %ak$ _! heads4--,psalms1 cix1 #be4 ,dr4 ,crombie says1 ,/ory1 9 8 ,gramm>1 has1 mo/ unw>rantably1 ass]t$1 t ! ,p>ticiple ( ?is ,v]b %\ld be %ak$4--,,on ,,etymology ,,& ,,syntax1 p4 #aih4 ,f[le1 on ! contr>y1 pron\nces %ak$ to be "r4 ,see ,true ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,all =m] li/s ( our irregul> & r$undant v]bs are1 9 _m respects1 defective & errone\s2 nor is x claim$ = ^? :i* are "h pres5t$1 t !y are absolutely p]fect4 ,i tru/1 h[ev]1 !y are mu* ne>] to p]fection1 ?an are any e>li] ones4 ,among ! _m individuals :o h publi%$ s*emes ( ^! v]bs1 none h be5 m respect$ & foll[$ ?an ,l[?1 ,murray1 & ,crombie2 yet are ^! au?ors' li/s sev]ally faulty 9 respect to z _m z sixty or sev5ty ( ! words 9 "q1 ?\gh ! :ole numb] b little exce$s two hundr$1 & is commonly reckon$ less ?an "o hundr$ & eighty4 ,by ,l[?1 eight v]bs are made r$undant1 :i* ,i ?9k are n[ regul> only3 namely1 bake1 climb1 fold1 help1 load1 owe1 wa%4 ,by ,crombie1 z _m3 to wit1 bake1 climb1 freight1 help1 lift1 load1 %ape1 wri!4 ,by ,murray1 two3 load & %ape4 ,) ,crombie1 & 9 g5]al ) ! o!rs too1 tw5ty-sev5 v]bs are always irregul>1 :i* ,i ?9k are sometimes regul>1 & !re=e r$undant3 abide1 besee*1 bl[1 bur/1 creep1 freeze1 gr9d1 lade1 lay1 pay1 rive1 see!1 %ake1 %[1 sleep1 slide1 spe$1 /r+1 /rive1 /r[1 sweat1 ?rive1 ?r[1 weave1 weep1 w9d1 wr+4 ,aga91 !re are1 ,i ?9k1 m ?an tw5ty r$undant v]bs :i* are treat$ by ,crombie1--&1 ) "o or two exceptions1 by ,l[? & ,murray also1--z if !y 7 always regul>3 namely1 betide1 bl5d1 bless1 burn1 dive1 dream1 dress1 geld1 kneel1 lean1 leap1 le>n1 mean1 mulct1 pass1 p51 plead1 prove1 reave1 smell1 spell1 /ave1 /ay1 sweep1 wake1 :et1 wont4 ,crombie's li/ conta9s ! auxili>ies1 :i* prop]ly belong to a diff]5t table4 ,errone\s z x is1 9 all ^! ?+s1 & m1 x is introduc$ by ! au?or ) ! foll[+ praise1 9 bad ,engli%3 ,v]bs1 :i* dep>t f ?is rule1 are call$ ,irregul>1 ( :i* ,i believe ! subsequ5t enum]ation to be ne>ly complete4--,,treatise ,,on ,,etym4 ,,& ,,synt41 p4 #aib4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,dr4 ,johnson1 9 8 ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,tongue1 recognizes two =ms :i* w\ld make tea* & rea* r$undant4 ,b tea*$ is n[ obsolete1 & r\ght is old1 accord+ to 8 own ,diction>y4 ,( load$ & load51 :i* he gives z p>ticiples ( load1 ! regul> =m only appe>s to be n[ 9 good use4 ,= ! r$undant =ms ( _m words 9 ! =ego+ li/1 z ( abode or abid$1 awak$ or awoke1 bes\ght or besee*$1 caught or cat*$1 hew$ or hewn1 m[$ or m[n1 lad$ or lad51 see!d or sod1 %e>$ or %ore1 s[$ or s[n1 wak$ or woke1 wove or weav$1 8 au?ority may be add$ to t ( o!rs already cit$4 ,9 ,de>born's ,columbian ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 ,bo/on 9 #agie1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,l9dley ,murray's ,gramm> fir/ appe>$ 9 ,york1 no few] ?an ?irty v]bs are made r$undant1 :i* are n s repres5t$ by ,murray4 ,( ^! ,i h reta9$ n9ete5 9 ! foll[+ li/1 & left ! o!r elev5 to be n[ consid]$ always regul>4 ,! ?irty are ^!3 bake1 b5d1 build1 burn1 climb1 creep1 dream1 fold1 freight1 geld1 heat1 heave1 help1 lay1 leap1 lift1 light1 melt1 owe1 quit1 r5t1 rot1 see!1 spell1 split1 /rive1 wa%1 weave1 wet1 "w4 ,see ,de>born's ,gram41 p4 #cg-de4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,r$undant ,,v]bs4 ,imp]fect ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,p>ticiple4 ,p]fect ,p>ticiple4 ,abide1 abode or abid$1 abid+1 abode or abid$4 ,awake1 awak$ or awoke1 awak+1 awak$ or awoke4 ,belay1 belay$ or belaid1 belay+1 belay$ or belaid4 ,b5d1 b5t or b5d$1 b5d+1 b5t or b5d$4 ,b]eave1 b]eft or b]eav$1 b]eav+1 b]eft or b]eav$4 ,besee*1 bes\ght or besee*$1 besee*+1 bes\ght or besee*$4 ,bet1 bett$ or bet1 bett+1 bett$ or bet4 ,betide1 betid$ or betid1 betid+1 betid$ or betid4 ,bide1 bode or bid$1 bid+1 bode or bid$4 ,bl5d1 bl5d$ or bl5t1 bl5d+1 bl5d$ or bl5t4 ,bless1 bless$ or ble/1 bless+1 bless$ or ble/4 ,bl[1 blew or bl[$1 bl[+1 bl[n or bl[$4 ,build1 built or build$1 build+1 built or build$4 ,burn1 burn$ or burnt1 burn+1 burn$ or burnt4 ,bur/1 bur/ or bur/$1 bur/+1 bur/ or bur/$4 ,cat*1 caught or cat*$1 cat*+1 caught or cat*$4 ,clo!1 clo!d or clad1 clo?+1 clo!d or clad4 ,creep1 crept or creep$1 creep+1 crept or creep$4 ,cr[1 cr[$ or crew1 cr[+1 cr[$4 ,curse1 curs$ or cur/1 curs+1 curs$ or cur/4 ,d>e1 d>$ or dur/1 d>+1 d>$4 ,deal1 dealt or deal$1 deal+1 dealt or deal$4 ,dig1 dug or digg$1 digg+1 dug or digg$4 ,dive1 div$ or dove1 div+1 div$ or div54 ,dream1 dream$ or dreamt1 dream+1 dream$ or dreamt4 ,dress1 dress$ or dre/1 dress+1 dress$ or dre/4 ,dwell1 dwelt or dwell$1 dwell+1 dwelt or dwell$4 ,freeze1 froze or freez$1 freez+1 froz5 or freez$4 ,geld1 geld$ or gelt1 geld+1 geld$ or gelt4 ,gild1 gild$ or gilt1 gild+1 gild$ or gilt4 ,gird1 gird$ or girt1 gird+1 gird$ or girt4 ,grave1 grav$1 grav+1 grav$ or grav54 ,gr9d1 gr\nd or gr9d$1 gr9d+1 gr\nd or gr9d$4 ,hang1 hung or hang$1 hang+1 hung or hang$4 ,heat1 heat$ or het1 heat+1 heat$ or het4 ,heave1 heav$ or hove1 heav+1 heav$ or hov54 ,hew1 hew$1 hew+1 hew$ or hewn4 ,kneel1 kneel$ or knelt1 kneel+1 kneel$ or knelt4 ,knit1 knit or knitt$1 knitt+1 knit or knitt$4 ,lade1 lad$1 lad+1 lad$ or lad54 ,lay1 laid or lay$1 lay+1 laid or lay$4 ,lean1 lean$ or leant1 lean+1 lean$ or leant4 ,leap1 leap$ or leapt1 leap+1 leap$ or leapt4#bib ,le>n1 le>n$ or le>nt1 le>n+1 le>n$ or le>nt4 ,light1 light$ or lit1 light+1 light$ or lit4 ,mean1 meant or mean$1 mean+1 meant or mean$4 ,m[1 m[$1 m[+1 m[$ or m[n4 ,mulct1 mulct$ or mulct1 mulct+1 mulct$ or mulct4 ,pass1 pass$ or pa/1 pass+1 pass$ or pa/4 ,pay1 paid or pay$1 pay+1 paid or pay$4 ,p51 p5n$ or p5t1 p5n+1 p5n$ or p5t4 7to coop17 ,plead1 plead$ or pl$1 plead+1 plead$ or pl$4 ,prove1 prov$1 prov+1 prov$ or prov54 ,quit1 quitt$ or quit1 quitt+1 quitt$ or quit4#bic ,rap1 rapp$ or rapt1 rapp+1 rapp$ or rapt4 ,reave1 reft or reav$1 reav+1 reft or reav$4 ,rive1 riv$1 riv+1 riv5 or riv$4 ,roa/1 roa/$ or roa/1 roa/+1 roa/$ or roa/4 ,saw1 saw$1 saw+1 saw$ or sawn4 ,see!1 see!d or sod1 see?+1 see!d or sodd54 ,%ake1 %ook or %ak$1 %ak+1 %ak5 or %ak$4 ,%ape1 %ap$1 %ap+1 %ap$ or %ap54 ,%ave1 %av$1 %av+1 %av$ or %av54 ,%e>1 %e>$ or %ore1 %e>+1 %e>$ or %orn4 ,%9e1 %9$ or %one1 %9+1 %9$ or %one4 ,%[1 %[$1 %[+1 %[$ or %[n4 ,sleep1 slept or sleep$1 sleep+1 slept or sleep$4 ,slide1 slid or slid$1 slid+1 slidd51 slid1 or slid$4 ,slit1 slitt$ or slit1 slitt+1 slitt$ or slit4 ,smell1 smell$ or smelt1 smell+1 smell$ or smelt4 ,s[1 s[$1 s[+1 s[$ or s[n4 ,spe$1 sp$ or spe$$1 spe$+1 sp$ or spe$$4 ,spell1 spell$ or spelt1 spell+1 spell$ or spelt4 ,spill1 spill$ or spilt1 spill+1 spill$ or spilt4 ,split1 split or splitt$1 splitt+1 split or splitt$4#bid ,spoil1 spoil$ or spoilt1 spoil+1 spoil$ or spoilt4 ,/ave1 /ove or /av$1 /av+1 /ove or /av$4 ,/ay1 /aid or /ay$1 /ay+1 /aid or /ay$4 ,/r+1 /rung or /r+$1 /r++1 /rung or /r+$4 ,/rive1 /riv$ or /rove1 /riv+1 /riv$ or /riv54 ,/r[1 /r[$1 /r[+1 /r[$ or /r[n4 ,sweat1 sweat$ or sweat1 sweat+1 sweat$ or sweat4 ,sweep1 swept or sweep$1 sweep+1 swept or sweep$4 ,swell1 swell$1 swell+1 swell$ or swoll54 ,?rive1 ?riv$ or ?rove1 ?riv+1 ?riv$ or ?riv54 ,?r[1 ?rew or ?r[$1 ?r[+1 ?r[n or ?r[$4 ,wake1 wak$ or woke1 wak+1 wak$ or woke4 ,wax1 wax$1 wax+1 wax$ or wax54 ,weave1 wove or weav$1 weav+1 wov5 or weav$4 ,w$1 w$d$ or w$1 w$d+1 w$d$ or w$4 ,weep1 wept or weep$1 weep+1 wept or weep$4 ,wet1 wet or wett$1 wett+1 wet or wett$4 ,:et1 :ett$ or :et1 :ett+1 :ett$ or :et4#bie ,w9d1 w\nd or w9d$1 w9d+1 w\nd or w9d$4 ,wont1 wont or wont$1 wont+1 wont or wont$4 ,"w1 work$ or wr\ght1 work+1 work$ or wr\ght4 ,wr+1 wr+$ or wrung1 wr++1 wr+$ or wrung4#bif ,,defective ,,v]bs4 ,a defective v]b is a v]b t =ms no p>ticiples1 & is us$ 9 b few ( ! moods & t5ses2 z1 bew>e1 ought1 quo?4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4 ,:5 any ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( a v]b are want+1 ! t5ses usually d]iv$ f ^? p>ts are also1 ( c\rse1 want+4 ,all ! auxili>ies1 except d1 be1 & h1 if we comp>e !m ) o!r v]bs1 are defective2 b1 z auxili>ies1 !y lack no?+2 = no complete v]b is us$ ?r\gh\t z an auxili>y1 except be4 ,& s9ce an auxili>y diff]s ess5tially f a pr9cipal v]b1 ! propriety ( ref]r+ may1 c1 mu/1 & %all1 to ! class ( defective v]bs1 is at lea/ que/ionable4 ,9 p>s+ !re is nev] any occasion to call !m defective v]bs1 because !y are always tak5 toge!r ) _! pr9cipals4 ,& ?\gh we may te*nically say1 t _! p>ticiples are want+1 x is manife/ t none are ne$$4 ,,obs4 #b4 ,w is sometimes us$ z a pr9cipal v]b1 & z su* x is regul> & complete2 w1 will$1 will+1 will$3 z1 ,8 ,maje/y will$ t !y %\ld att5d4--,cl>5don4 ,he wills = !m a happ9ess ( a f> m exalt$ & endur+ nature4--,gurney4 ,:e!r ?\ wille/ x to be a m9i/] to our pleasure4--,h>ris4 ,i w2 be ?\ clean4--,luke1 v1 #ac4 ,nev]!less1 n z ,i w1 b z ?\ w4--,matt41 xxvi1 #ci4 ,to w is pres5t ) me4--,rom41 vii1 #ah4 ,b w\ld is sometimes also a pr9cipal v]b2 z1 ,:at w\ld ?is man8--,pope4 ,w\ld ,god t all ! ,"l's p 7 prophets4--,numb41 xi1 #bi4 ,& ,israel w\ld none ( me4--,psalm1 lxxxi1 #aa4 ,if we ref] ?is indef9ite pret]it to ! same root1 w becomes r$undant2 w1 will$ or w\ld1 will+1 will$4 ,9 respect to "t1 w\ld is less def9ite ?an will$1 ?\gh bo? are call$ pret]its4 ,x is common1 & p]haps be/1 to consid] !m di/9ct v]bs4 ,! latt] only c be a p>ticiple3 z1 ,h[ r>ely does x meet ) ?is "t's guise1 ,:5 man 0 w'd to love 8 enemies6--,%akspe>e4 ,,obs4 #c4 ,! rema9+ defective v]bs are only five or six que/ionable t]ms1 :i* our gramm>ians "k n well h[ else to expla92 "s ( !m be+ n[ ne>ly obsolete1 & o!rs nev] hav+ be5 v prop]4 ,begone is a ne$less coalition ( be & gone1 bett] writt5 sep>ately1 unless ,dr4 ,johnson is "r 9 call+ ! comp\nd an int]jection3 z1 ,begone6 ! goddess cries ) /]n disda91 ,begone6 nor d>e ! hall['d /ream to /a96--,addison4 ,bew>e also seems to be a ne$less comp\nd ( be & ! old adjective w>e1 w>y1 aw>e1 cauti\s4 ,bo? ^! are1 ( c\rse1 us$ only 9 ^? =ms ( expression 9 :i* be is prop]2 z1 ,bew>e ( dogs1 bew>e ( evil work]s1 bew>e ( ! concision4--,philippians1 iii1 #b4 ,b we mu/ bew>e#big ( c>ry+ our att5tion to ?is beauty too f>4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aai4 ,^! words 7 =m]ly sep>at$3 z1 ,( :om be ?\ w>e also4--#a ,tim41 iv1 #ae4 ,!y 7 w>e ( x4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible1 & ,,alg]',s3 ,acts1 xiii1 #f4 ,!y 7 aw>e ( x4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ib4 ,& 9 an h\r t he is n w>e ( him4--,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,w>e4 ,& 9 an h\r t he is n aw>e (4--,,common ,,bibles3 ,matt41 xxiv1 #ej4 ,bid h] well be w>e & /ill erect4--,,milton3 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,t ev5 ,sil5ce 0 took ere %e 0 w>e4--,id41 ,comus1 l9e #eeh4 ,! adjective w>e is n[ said to be obsolete2 b ! propriety ( ?is ass]tion dep5ds ^u t ( =m+ su* a defective v]b4 ,:at is ! use ( do+ s8 ,?is to disclose is all ?y gu>dian c2 ,bew>e ( all1 b mo/ bew>e ( man4--,pope4 ,! words writt5 sep>ately w always h ! same mean+1 unless we omit ! preposition (1 & suppose ! comp\nd to be a transitive v]b4 ,9 ?is case1 ! argum5t = comp\nd+ ! t]ms appe>s to be valid2 z1 ,bew>e ! public laught] ( ! t[n2 ,?\ spr+/ a-leak already 9 ?y cr[n4--,dryd54 ,,obs4 #d4 ,! words ought & own1 )\t "q1 7 orig9ally p>ts ( ! r$undant v]b to owe2 ?us3 owe1 ow$ or ought1 ow+1 ow$ or own4 ,b bo? h long be5 disjo9$ f ?is connexion1 & h5ce owe has become regul>4 ,own1 z n[ us$1 is ei!r a pronom9al adjective1 z1 my own h&1 or a regul> v]b !nce d]iv$1 z1 to own a h\se4 ,ought1 "u ! "n ( a defective v]b1 is n[ g5]ally ?\ght to be prop]ly us$1 9 ?is "o =m1 9 all ! p]sons & numb]s ( ! pres5t & ! imp]fect t5se ( ! indicative & subjunctive moods4 ,or1 if x is really ( "o t5se only1 x is pla9ly an aori/2 & h5ce ! "t mu/ be specifi$ by ! inf9itive t foll[s3 z1 ,he ought to g2 ,he ought to h gone4 ,if ?\ ought to g2 ,if ?\ ought to h gone4 ,be+ orig9ally a pret]it1 x nev] occurs 9 ! inf9itive mood1 & is entirely inv>iable1 except 9 ! solemn /yle1 :]e we f9d oughte/ 9 bo? t5ses2 z1 ,h[ ?\ oughte/ to behave ?yself4--#a ,tim41 iii1 #ae4 ,?\ oughte/ !re=e to h put my money to ! ex*ang]s4--,matt41 xxiv1 #bg4 ,we nev] say1 or h said1 ,he1 %e1 or x1 oughts or oughte?4 ,yet we manife/ly use ?is v]b 9 ! pres5t t5se1 & 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 z1 ,disc\rse ought always to beg9 ) a cle> proposition4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bag4 ,i h already obs]v$ t "s gramm>ians improp]ly call ought an auxili>y4 ,! le>n$ au?ors ( ,brightl&'s ,gramm>1 7:i* is d$icat$ to ,que5 ,anne17 did s2 & also affirm$ t mu/ & ought h only ! pres5t "t1 & are alike inv>iable4 ,x is n[ q obsolete to say1 ?\ oughte/2 = ought n[ *anges its end+ no m ?an mu/4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 7approv$ by ,isaac ,bick]/aff1 ,esq417 p4 #aab4 ,d1 w1 & %all1 mu/1 ,,ought1 & may1 ,h1 am1 or be1 ?is ,doctr9e w display4--,ib41 p4 #ajg4 ,,obs4 #e4--,wis1 pret]it wi/1 to "k1 to ?9k1 to suppose1 to imag9e1 appe>s to be n[ ne>ly or q obsolete2 b x may be prop] to expla9 x1 because x is f\nd 9 ! ,bible3 z1 ,i wi/ n1 bre?r51 t he 0 ! high prie/4--,acts1 xxiii1 #e4 ,he himself 'wi/ n t 8 face %one4'--,life ( ,s*ill]1 p4 iv4 ,wit1 to "k1 & wot1 knew1 are also obsolete1 except 9 ! phrase to wit2 :i*1 be+ tak5 ab/ractly1 is equival5t to ! adv]b namely1 or to ! phrase1 t is to say4 ,! phrase1 we d y to wit1 79 #b ,cor41 viii1 #a/17 means1 we in=m y4 ,*ur*ill gives ! pres5t t5se ( ?is v]b ?ree =ms1 weet1 wit1 & wot2 & !re seems to h be5 "s au?ority = !m all3 z1 ,he 01 to weet1 a little rogui% page4--,?omson4 ,b little wotte? he ! might ( ! means 8 folly despise?4--,tupp]'s ,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #ce4 ,to wit1 us$ alone1 to indicate a ?+ spok5 (1 7z ! ,fr5* use _! inf9itive1 savoir1 savoir1 or ! phrase1 c'e/ savoir17 is und\bt$ly an elliptical expression3 probably =1 ,i give y to wit2 i4 e41 ,i give y to "k4 ,tr[1 to ?9k1 occurs 9 ! ,bible2 z1 ,i tr[ n4--,n4 ,te/4 ,& ,co> gives x z a defective v]b2 & only 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul> ( ! pres5t indicative1 ,i tr[4 ,web/] & ,worce/] m>k ! words z obsolete2 b ,sir ,w4 ,scott1 9 ! ,lady ( ! ,lake1 has ?is l9e3 ,?9k/ ?\ he tr['d ?9e om5 ought8--,canto iv1 /anza #aj4 ,quo? & quod1 = say1 sai?1 or said1 are obsolete1 or us$ only 9 ludicr\s language4 ,web/] supposes ^! words to be equival5t1 & ea* conf9$ to ! fir/ & ?ird p]sons ( ! pres5t & imp]fect t5ses ( ! indicative mood4 ,johnson says1 t1 quo? y1 z us$ by ,sidney1 is irregul>2 b ,tooke assures u1 t ,! ? 9 quo?1 does n designate ! ?ird p]son4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cbc4 ,!y are ea* inv>iable1 & always plac$ be=e ! nom9ative3 z1 quo? ,i1 quo? he4 ,yea1 s say/ ?\1 7quod ,trylus17 alas6--,*auc]4 ,i fe>e1 quod he1 x wyll n be4--,sir ,t4 ,m4 ,/rang]1 g6 ,heav5 be ?y guide6 ,quod ! beadsman ( ,ni?-side4--,burns4 ,,obs4 #f4--,me?9ks1 7i4 e41 to me x ?9ks17 = ,i ?9k1 or1 x seems to me1 ) its pret]it me?\ght1 7i4 e41 to me x ?\ght17 is call$ by ,dr4 ,johnson an ungrammatical ^w4 ,he imag9$ x to be a ,norman corruption1 ! ,fr5* be+ apt to conf\nd me & ,i4--,joh4 ,dict4 ,x is inde$ a puzzl+ anomaly 9 our language1 ?\gh n )\t "s ,anglo-,saxon or ,lat9 p>allels2 &1 l its k9dr$1 me seeme?1 or meseems1 is little wor?y to be c\nt5anc$1 ?\gh (t5 us$ by ,dryd51 ,pope1 ,addison1 & o!r good writ]s4 ,our lexicograph]s call x an imp]sonal v]b1 because1 be+ comp\nd$ ) an objective1 x _c h a nom9ative express$4 ,x is ne>ly equival5t to ! adv]b app>5tly2 & if imp]sonal1 x is also defective2 = x has no p>ticiples1 no me?9k+1 & no p>ticipial con/ruction ( me?\ght2 ?\gh ,web/]'s ,am]ican ,diction>y1 :e!r qu>to or octavo1 absurdly sugge/s t ! latt] ^w may be us$ z a p>ticiple4 ,9 ! ,bible1 we f9d ! foll[+ text3 ,me ?9ke? ! runn+ ( ! =emo/ is l ! runn+ ( ,ahimaaz4--#b ,sam41 xviii1 #bg4 ,& ,milton improp]ly makes ?\ght an imp]sonal v]b1 app>5tly gov]n+ ! sep>ate objective pron\n him2 z1 ,him ?\ght he by ! brook ( ,*]i? /ood4 --,p4 ,r41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #bfd4 ,,obs4 #g4--,"s v]bs f ! nature ( ! subjects to :i* !y ref]1 are *iefly conf9$ to ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 z1 ,x ra9s2 x sn[s2 x freezes2 x hails2 x light5s2 x ?und]s4 ,^! h be5 call$ imp]sonal v]bs2 because ! neut] pron\n x1 :i* is commonly us$ be=e !m1 does n seem to repres5t any n\n1 b1 9 connexion ) ! v]b1 m]ely to express a /ate ( ?+s4 ,!y are h[ev]1 9 fact1 nei!r imp]sonal nor defective4 ,"s1 or all ( !m1 may possibly take "s o!r nom9ative1 if n a diff]5t p]son2 z1 ,! ,"l ra9$ ^u ,sodom1 & ^u ,gomorrah1 brim/one & fire4--,g541 xix1 #bd4 ,! ,god ( glory ?und]e?4--,psalms1 xxix1 #c4 ,can/ ?\ ?und] ) a voice l him8--,job1 xl1 #i4 ,9 %ort1 z ,h>ris obs]ves1 ,! doctr9e ( ,imp]sonal ,v]bs has be5 ju/ly reject$ by ! be/ gramm>ians1 bo? anci5t & mod]n4--,h]mes1 p4 #age4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,by "s writ]s1 words ( ?is k9d are call$ ,monop]sonal ,v]bs2 t is1 v]bs ( "o p]son4 ,?is "n1 ?\gh n v prop]ly comp\nd$1 is p]haps m fit ?an ! o!r2 b we h little occasion to speak ( ^! v]bs z a di/9ct class 9 our language4 ,dr4 ,murray says1 ,:at is call$ an imp]sonal v]b1 is n s2 = lic-et1 juv-at1 & oport-et1 h ,?a1 t ?+1 or x1 9 _! composition4--,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #adf4 ,ail1 irk1 & behoove1 are regul> v]bs & transitive2 b !y are us$ only 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>3 z1 ,:at ails y8--,x irks me4--,x behooves y4 ,! la/ two are obsolesc5t1 or at lea/ n 9 v common use4 ,9 ,lat91 passive v]bs1 or neut]s ( ! passive =m1 are (t5 us$ imp]sonally1 or )\t an obvi\s nom9ative2 & ?is elliptical con/ruction is sometimes imitat$ 9 ,engli%1 especially by ! poets3 z1 ,mean:ile1 ere ?us 0 s9n'd & judg'd on e>?1 ,)9 ! gates ( ,hell sat ,s9 & ,dea?4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 x1 l4 #bcj4 ,=?) on all sides to 8 aid 0 run ,by angels _m & /rong1 :o int]pos'd4 --,id41 ,b4 vi1 l4 #cce4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,defective ,,v]bs4 ,pres5t4 ,pret]it4 ,bew>e1 ------ ,c1 c\ld4 ,may1 might4 ,me?9ks1 me?\ght4 ,mu/1 mu/4#bih ,ought1 ought4#bih ,%all1 %\ld1 ,w#bii w\ld4 ,quo?1 quo?4 ,wis1 wi/4#cjj ,wit1 wot4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,vi--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,six? ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles1 ,,n\ns1 ,,adjectives1 ,,pron\ns1 & ,,v]bs4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,six? ,praxis1 are two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 six = a pron\n1 sev5 = a v]b f9ite1 five = an inf9itive1 & "o = a p>ticiple1 an adv]b1 a conjunction1 a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,! fre$om ( *oice seems ess5tial to happ9ess2 because1 prop]ly speak+1 t is riot our own :i* is impos$ ^u u4--,dillwyn's ,reflections1 p4 #aji4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,fre$om is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,*oice is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is2 ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c he kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,seems is a regul> neut] v]b1 f seem1 seem$1 seem+1 seem$2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,a regul> v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,a neut] v]b is a v]b t expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b simply be+1 or a /ate ( be+4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,ess5tial is a common adjective1 comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs2 ess5tial1 m ess5tial1 mo/ ess5tial2 or1 ess5tial1 less ess5tial1 lea/ ess5tial4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,^? adjectives :i* may be v>i$ 9 s5se1 b n 9 =m1 are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs4 ,to is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,happ9ess is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,because is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,prop]ly is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,speak+ is a p>ticiple4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 ,t is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$2 /&+ = t ?+1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 ,see ,,obs4 #ad?1 p4 #bij4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a pronom9al adjective is a def9itive ^w :i* may ei!r accompany its n\n1 or repres5t x und]/ood4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,is is an irregul> neut] v]b1 f be1 01 be+1 be52 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,a neut] v]b is a v]b t expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b simply be+1 or a /ate ( be+4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,n is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,our is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & possessive case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak] or writ]4 #d4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! possessive case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! relation ( prop]ty4 ,own is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a pronom9al adjective is a def9itive ^w :i* may ei!r accompany its n\n1 or repres5t x und]/ood4 #c4 ,^? adjectives ^: signification does n admit ( diff]5t degrees _c be comp>$4 ,:i* is a relative pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a relative pron\n is a pron\n t repres5ts an antec$5t ^w or phrase1 & connects diff]5t clauses ( a s5t5ce4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,is impos$ is a regul> passive v]b1 f ! active v]b1 impose1 impos$1 impos+1 impos$1--passive1 to be impos$2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,a regul> v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,a passive v]b is a v]b t repres5ts ! subject1 or :at ! nom9ative expresses1 z be+ act$ ^u4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,^u is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,u is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak] or writ]4 #d4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,he has desires aft] ! k+dom1 & mates no "q b x %all be 82 he wills1 runs1 /rives1 believes1 hopes1 prays1 reads scriptures1 obs]ves duties1 & reg>ds ord9ances4--,p5+ton1 ii1 #abd4 ,wo unto y1 lawy]s6 = ye h tak5 away ! key ( k3 ye ent] n 9 y\rselves1 & !m t 7 ent]+ 9 ye h9d]$4--,luke1 xi1 #eb4 ,above all o!r lib]ties1 give me ! lib]ty to "k1 to utt]1 & to argue freely1 accord+ to my consci5ce4--,milton4 ,eloqu5ce is to be look$ = only 9 free /ates4 ,long9us illu/rates ?is obs]vation ) a great deal ( beauty4 ',lib]ty1' he rem>ks1 'is ! nurse ( true g5ius2 x animates ! _s1 & invigorates ! hopes1 ( m52 x excites hon\rable emulation1 & a desire ( excell+ 9 e art4'--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bcg4 ,none ( ! faculties common to man & ! l[] animals1 conceive ! idea ( civil lib]ty1 any m ?an t ( religion4--,spurzheim1 on ,education1 p4 #bei4 ,:oev] is n able1 or does n d>e1 to ?9k1 or does n feel contradictions & absurdities1 is unfit = a ref9$ religion & civil lib]ty4--,ib41 p4 #beh4 ,! too great numb] ( j\rnals1 & ! extreme p>tiality ( _! au?ors1 h mu* discr$it$ !m4 ,a man mu/ h great tal5ts to please all sorts ( read]s2 & x is impossible to please all au?ors1 :o1 g5]ally speak+1 _c be> ) ! mo/ judici\s & mo/ dec5t criticisms4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #agj4 ,son ( man1 ,i h brok5 ! arm ( ,ph>aoh k+ ( ,egypt2 &1 lo1 x %all n be b\nd up to be heal$1 to put a roll] to b9d x1 to make x /rong to hold ! sword4--,ezekiel1 xxx1 #ba4 ,yet he 0 humble1 k9d1 =giv+1 meek1 ,easy to be entreat$1 graci\s1 mild2 ,&1 ) all pati5ce & affection1 taught1 ,rebuk$1 p]suad$1 solac$1 c\nsell$1 w>n$4--,pollok1 ,b4 ix4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,:at is com+1 w come2 :at is proce$+ onw>d1 v]ges t[>ds completion4--,dr4 ,murray's ,europ4 ,lang41 i1 #cbd4 ,sir1 if x _h n be5 = ! art ( pr9t+1 we %\ld n[ h _h no le>n+ at all2 = books w\ld h p]i%$ fa/] ?an !y c\ld h be5 transcrib$4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,life1 iii1 #djj4 ,passionate repro(s are l m$ic9es giv5 scald+ hot3 ! pati5t _c take !m4 ,if we wi% to d good to ^? :om we rebuke1 we %\ld lab\r = meekness ( wisdom1 & use s(t words & h>d argum5ts4--,dodd4 ,my pray] = y is1 t ,god may guide y by 8 c\nsel1 & 9 ! end br+ y to glory3 to ?is purpose1 att5d dilig5tly to ! dictates ( 8 good _s1 :i* y may he> )9 y2 = ,*ri/ sai?1 ',he t dwelle? ) y1 %all be 9 y4' ,&1 z y he> & obey him1 he w conduct y ?r\gh ?is tr\bl\s _w1 9 ways ( tru? & righte\sness1 & l& y at la/ 9 ! habitations ( ev]la/+ re/ & peace ) ! ,"l1 to praise him = ev] & ev]4--,t4 ,gw94 ,by matt]1 we mean1 t :i* is tangible1 ext5d$1 & divisible2 by m9d1 t :i* p]ceives1 reflects1 wills1 & reasons4 ,^! prop]ties are :olly dissimil> & admit ( no comp>ison4 ,to pret5d t m9d is matt]1 is to propose a contradiction 9 t]ms2 & is j z absurd1 z to pret5d t matt] is m9d4--,gurney's ,portable ,evid5ce1 p4 #gh4 ,if any "o %\ld ?9k all ?is to be ( little importance1 ,i desire him to consid] :at he w\ld ?9k1 if vice _h1 ess5tially1 & 9 its nature1 ^! advantage\s t5d5cies1 or if virtue _h ess5tially ! direct contr>y ones4--,butl]1 p4 #ii4 ,no man c write simpl] & /rong] ,engli% ?an ! celebrat$ ,boz1 & ?is r5d]s u ! m annoy$ at ^? manifold vulg>ities & slip%od errors1 :i* unhappily h ( late ye>s disfigur$ 8 productions4--,,liv+ ,,au?ors ,,( ,,engl&3 ,! ,exam9]1 ,no4 #aai4 ,"h ,hav>d1 all s]5e1 9 ! same /ra9s1 ,loves1 hates1 & rages1 triumphs1 & compla9s4--,*ur*ill1 p4 #c4 ,let ,satire1 !n1 h] prop] object "k1 ,& ere %e /rike1 be sure %e /rike a foe4--,john ,br[n4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,! ,au?or ( nature has z truly direct$ t vici\s actions1 consid]$ z mis*iev\s to society1 %\ld be puni%$1 & has z cle>ly put mank9d "u a necessity ( ?us puni%+ !m1 z he has direct$ & necessitat$ u to pres]ve our lives by food4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #hh4 ,an au?or may injure 8 works by alt]+1 & ev5 am5d+1 ! successive editions3 ! fir/ impression s9ks ! deepe/1 & ) ! cr$ul\s x c r>ely be effac$2 nay1 he w be va9ly employ$ :o endeav\rs to eradicate x4--,w]t]1 p4 #hb4 ,x is well ord]$1 t ev5 ! mo/ innoc5t blund] is n committ$ ) impunity2 because1 7 errors lic5s$ :]e !y d no hurt1 inatt5tion w\ld gr[ into habit1 & be ! occasion ( mu* hurt4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bhe4 ,! =ce ( language consi/s 9 rais+ complete images2 :i* h ! effect to transport ! read]1 z by magic1 into ! v place ( ! important action1 & to conv]t him z x 7 into a spectator1 behold+ e ?+ t passes4--,id41 ib41 ii1 #bda4 ,an orator %\ld n put =? all 8 /r5g? at ! beg9n+1 b %\ld rise & gr[ ^u u1 z 8 disc\rse advances4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cji4 ,:5 a tal5t is giv5 to any "o1 an acc\nt is op5 ) ! giv] ( x1 :o appo9ts a day 9 :i* he w arrive & 'r$em& 8 own ) usury4'--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,"y ,lady1 p4 #gd4 ,g1 & reclaim ! s9n]1 in/ruct ! ignorant1 s(t5 ! obdurate1 & 7z occasion %all dem&7 *e]1 depress1 repel1 allure1 di/urb1 assuage1 console1 or t]rify4--,j]n+ham's ,essay on ,eloqu5ce1 p4 #ig4 ,if all ! ye> 7 play+ holydays1 ,to sport w\ld be z t$i\s z to "w3 ,b :5 !y seldom come1 !y wi%'d-= come1 ,& no?+ please? b r>e accid5ts4 --,%ak41 ,h54 ,v4 ,! man t once did sell ! lion's sk9 ,:ile ! bea/ liv'd1 0 kill'd ) hunt+ him4 --,id41 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,bea/4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,( ,,v]bs4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,pret]its4 ,9 speak+ on a matt] :i* t\*t _! he>ts4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dda4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b t\*t is t]m9at$ 9 t4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #bnd1 on ! irregul> v]bs1 t\* is regul>4 ,!re=e1 ?is t %\ld be *ang$ to ed2 ?us1 ,9 speak+ on a matt] :i* t\*$ _! he>ts4 ,?\gh ,horace publi%t x "s "t aft]4--,ib41 i1 #ddd4 ,! be/ subjects ) :i* ! ,greek models furni%t him4--,ib41 i1 #ddd4 ,s9ce he atta*t no ?\ght to x4--,ib41 i1 #fde4 ,by :at sl[ /eps ! ,greek alphabet rea*t its p]fection4--,ib41 i1 #fea4 ,because ,goe! wi%t to erect an affectionate memorial4--,ib41 i1 #dfi4 ,b ! ,saxon =ms soon dropt away4--,ib41 i1 #ffh4 ,x speaks ( all ! t[ns t p]i%t 9 ! age ( ,philip4--,ib41 i1 #beb4 ,?is enri*t ! writt5 language ) new words4--,ib41 i1 #ffh4 ,he m]ely furni%t 8 fri5d ) matt] = laught]4--,ib41 i1 #dgi4 ,a cl\d arose & /opt ! light4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #cac4 ,%e slipt zpadillo 9 h] brea/4--,ib41 p4 #cga4 ,i gue/ ! h&4--,ib41 p4 #cgb4 ,! tyrant /ript me to ! sk93 ,my sk9 he flay'd1 my hair he cropt2 ,at head & foot my body lopt4--,ib41 ,on a ,p51 p4 #cch4 ,i see ! greate/ owls 9 y1 ,t ev] scree*t or ev] flew4--,ib41 p4 #djc4 ,i sate ) delight1 f morn+ till night4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,dick nimbly skipt ! gutt]4--,ib41 p4 #cge4 ,9 at ! pantry door ?is morn ,i slipt4--,ib41 p4 #cfi4 ,nobody liv+ ev] t\*t me b y4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ib4 ,pres5t1 ,i %ip2 ,pa/1 ,i %ipp$ or %ipt2 ,p>ticiple1 %ipp$ or %ipt4--,murray ! s*oolma/]4 ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,!n ! k+ arose1 & t>e 8 g>m5ts4--#b ,sam41 xiii1 #ca4 ,:5 he lift up 8 foot1 he knew n :]e he %\ld set x next4--,bunyan4 ,he lift up 8 spe> aga9/ eight hundr$1 :om he slew at "o "t4--#b ,,sam43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,^u ?is *aos rid ! di/ress$ ark4--,,burnet3 ib4 ,on ^: fooli% hone/y1 my practices rid easy4--,,%ak43 ib4 ,t =m ( ! fir/ or primog5ial ,e>?1 :i* rise imm$iately out ( *aos4--,,burnet3 ib4 ,sir1 h[ come x y h holp to make ?is rescue8--,,%ak43 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,he sw>e he _h r lose all 8 fa!r's images ?an t table4--,,pea*am3 ib4 ,:5 our language dropt its anci5t t]m9ations4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/41 ii1 #e4 ,:5 !mselves !y vilify'd4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 xi1 #eae4 ,b ,i *oos$ r to d ?us4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #def4 ,:5 he plead aga9/ ! p>sons4-- ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 p4 #afh4 ,& he t saw x1 be> record4--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #gb4 ,an irregul> v]b has "o m v>iation1 z drive1 drive/1 drives1 driv$/1 drove1 driv+1 driv54--,,rev4 ,,matt4 ,,h>rison1 on ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #bfj4 ,beside t village ,hannibal pit*t 8 camp4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #gi4 ,he fet*t x ev5 f ,tmolus4-- ,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,he supt ) 8 morn+ g[n on4--,ib41 p4 #bhe4 ,!re /ampt h] sacr$ "n4--,b>l['s ,columbiad1 ,b4 i1 l4 #bcc4 ,fixt on ! view ! great discov]] /ood1 ,& ?us addre/ ! mess5g] ( good4--,b>l[1 ,b1 i1 l4 #feh4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$4 ,?ree freem5 7 be+ tri$ at ! date ( our la/ in=mation4--,newspap]4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! p>ticiple be+ is us$ aft] its own v]b 74 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #d?1 on ! comp\nd =m ( ! conjugation1 ?is complex passive =m is an absurd innovation4 ,!re=e1 ! expression %\ld be *ang$2 ?us1 ,?ree freem5 7 on trial--or1 7 receiv+ _! trial--at ! date ( our la/ in=mation4 ,:ile ! h\se 0 be+ built1 _m ( ! tribe arriv$4--,ross ,cox's ,travels1 p4 #ajb4 ,b a f\ndation has be5 laid 9 ,zion1 & ! *ur* is be+ built ^u x4--,! ,fri5d1 ix1 #cgg4 ,& "o f\r? ( ! p are be+ educat$4--,ea/ ,india ,magaz9e4 ,! pres5t1 or t :i* is n[ be+ done4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,a new *ur*1 call$ ! ,pan!on1 is j be+ complet$ 9 an exp5sive /yle4--,g4 ,a4 ,?ompson's ,guatemala1 p4 #dfg4 ,:5 ,i la/ saw him1 he 0 gr[n consid]ably4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bbc2 ,m]*ants1 #aih4 ,i "k :at a rugg$ & dang]\s pa? ,i am got into4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #hc4 ,y 7 z good prea* case to "o on ! rack4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #bhe4 ,?\ ha/ he>d me1 & art become my salvation4--,psal41 cxviii1 #ba4 ,:ile ! ,elem5t>y ,spell+-,book 0 be+ prep>$ = ! press4--,l4 ,cobb's ,review1 p4 vi4 ,language is become1 9 mod]n times1 m correct & accurate4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #af4 ,if ! plan h be5 execut$ 9 any measure answ]able to ! au?or's wi%es4--,robb9s's ,hi/41 p4 #c4 ,! vial ( wra? is /ill be+ p\r$ out on ! seat ( ! bea/4--,*ri/ian ,exp]i5ce1 p4 #dji4 ,*ri/ianity 0 become ! g5]ally adopt$ & e/abli%$ religion ( ! :ole ,roman ,empire4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #ce4 ,:o wrote be=e ! fir/ c5tury 0 elaps$4--,ib41 p4 #ac4 ,! orig9al & analogical =m is gr[n q obsolete4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,_! love1 & _! hatr$1 & _! envy1 are p]i%$4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #adi4 ,! poems 7 got abroad & 9 a great _m h&s4--,pref4 to ,wall]4 ,x is m h>moni\s1 z well z m correct1 to say1 '! bubble is almo/ bur/$4'--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #aji4 ,i drave my suitor f 8 mad hum\r ( love4--,%ak4 ,se virilit] exp$ivit4 7,cic]o47 ,he ha? plaid ! man4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bad4 ,wilt ?\ kill me1 z ?\ didde/ ! ,egyptian ye/]day4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,acts1 vii1 #bh4 ,& we1 me?\ghts1 look'd up t'him f our hill4--,c[ley's ,davideis1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #chf4 ,i fe> ?\ doe/ n ?9k z mu* ( be/ ?+s z ?\ oughte/4--,memoir ( ,m4 ,c4 ,?omas1 p4 #cd4 ,:5 ?is "w 0 be+ comm5c$4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,ex]cises & ,key to ?is "w are be+ prep>$4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,james is lov$1 or be+ lov$ by ,john4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,or t :i* is be+ exhibit$4--,ib41 p4 #gg4 ,he 0 be+ smitt54--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,9 ! passive /ate we say1 ',i am be+ lov$4'--,ib41 p4 #hj4 ,subjunctive ,mood3 ,if ,i am be+ smitt51 ,if ?\ art be+ smitt51 ,if he is be+ smitt54--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,i w n be able to conv9ce y h[ sup]ficial ! re=mation is4--,*alm]s's ,s]mons1 p4 #hh4 ,i said to myself1 ,i w be oblig$ to expose ! folly4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #c4 ,:5 ,clodius1 _h he meant to return t day to ,rome1 mu/ h be5 arriv$4--,adams's ,rhetoric1 i1 #dah4 ,t ! fact has be5 done1 is be+ done1 or %all or w be done4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 pp4 #cdg & #cef4 ,am ,i be+ in/ruct$8--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,i am *oos+ him4--,ib41 p4 #aab4 ,john1 :o 0 respect+ 8 fa!r1 0 ob$i5t to 8 comm&s4--,b>rett's ,revis$ ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,! region e*os to ! cla% ( arms4--,beattie's ,poems1 p4 #fc4 ,& sitt'/ on high1 & mak'/ creation's top ,?y foot/ool2 & behold'/ bel[ !e1 all4 --,pollok1 ,b4 vi1 l4 #ffc4 ,& see if ?\ c'/ puni% s91 & let ,mank9d g free4 ,?\ fail'/--be n surpris$4 --,id41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #aah4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,:at foll[s1 _h bett] be5 want+ altoge!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bja4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! phrase _h bett] be51 is us$ 9 ! s5se ( ! pot5tial plup]fect4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #ag?1 on ! conjugations1 ?is sub/itution ( "o =m = ano!r is ( que/ionable propriety4 ,!re=e1 ! regul> =m %\ld "h be pref]r$2 ?us1 ,:at foll[s1 might bett] h be5 want+ altoge!r4 ,?is memb] ( ! s5t5ce _h mu* bett] h be5 omitt$ altoge!r4--,ib41 p4 #bab4 ,"o or ! o!r ( !m1 !re=e1 _h bett] h be5 omitt$4--,ib41 p4 #bab4 ,! :ole ( ?is la/ memb] ( ! s5t5ce _h bett] h be5 dropp$4--,ib41 p4 #aab4 ,9 ?is case1 !y _h mu* bett] be omitt$4--,ib41 p4 #agc4 ,he _h bett] h said1 '! productions'--,ib41 p4 #bbj4 ,! ,greeks h ascrib$ ! orig9 ( poetry to ,orpheus1 ,l9us1 & ,musu4--,ib41 p4 #cgg4 ,x has be5 notic$ long ago1 t all ^! fictiti\s names h ! same numb] ( syllables4--,phil4 ,museum1 i1 #dga4 ,:5 ,i f\nd t he _h committ$ no?+ wor?y ( dea?1 ,i h det]m9$ to s5d him4--,acts1 xxv1 #be4 ,i _h r be a door-keep] 9 ! h\se ( my ,god4--,ps41 lxxxiv1 #aj4 ,z = su*1 ,i wi% ! ,"l op5 _! eyes4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii4 #bfc4 ,x w\ld a made our passidge ov] ! riv] v difficult4-- ,walley1 9 #afib4 ,we %\ld n a be5 able to h c>ri$ our great guns4--,id4 ,o!rs w\ld a que/ion$ our prud5ce1 if wee _h4--,id4 ,see ,hut*9son's ,hi/4 ( ,mass41 i1 #dgh4 ,bew>e ?\ bee'/ n ,,bec,,s>',d2 i4e4 ,bew>e t ?\ do/ n dw9dle into a m]e ,cs>4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ahc4 ,?\ rais$e/ ?y voice to record ! /ratagems ( ne$y h]oes4--,,arbu?not3 9 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,scalade4 ,life hurrys (f apace3 ?9e is almo/ up already4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ai4 ',h[ un=tunate has ?is accid5t made me6' crys su* a "o4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,! muse t s(t & sickly wooes ! e>4--,pollok1 i1 #ac4 ,a man 7 bett] relate himself to a /atue4--,bacon4 ,i he>d !e say b n[1 ?\ lik'd/ n t4--,%ak4 ,9 my :ole c\rse ( woo+1 ?\ cri$'/1 ,inde$6--,id4 ,b our e>s are gr[n famili> ) ,i h wrote1 ,i h drank1 c41 :i* are altoge!r z ungrammatical4-- ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fc2 ,*ur*ill's1 #aad4 ,! c\rt 0 sat be=e ,sir ,rog] came4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #abb4 ,%e ne$ be no m ) ! jaundice posse/4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #cdf4 ,besides1 y f\nd fault ) our victuals "o day t y 0 "h4--,ib41 p4 #ccc4 ,if _s ( o!r sort1 ,s m9d$1 h o'erleap'd ^! e>?y b\nds4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #ehb4 ,x %\ld h be5 m rational to h =born ?is4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #bfe4 ,a /ud5t is n ma/] ( x till he h se5 all ^!4--,dr4 ,murray's ,life1 p4 #ee4 ,! said ju/ice %all summons ! p>ty4--,brev>d's ,dige/4 ,n[ :at is become ( ?y =m] wit & hum\r8--,spect41 ,no4 #ecb4 ,"y /rang]1 :i!r w&'re/ ?\8--,burns1 p4 #bi4 ,,subj43 ,pres4 ,if ,i love1 ,if ?\ love/1 ,if he love4 ,imp4 ,if ,i lov$1 ,if ?\ lov$/1 ,if he lov$4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,,subj43 ,if ,i d n love1 ,if ?\ do/ n love1 ,if he does n love2 c4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,if he h committ$ s9s1 !y %all be =giv5 him4--,james1 v1 #ae4 ,subjunctive ,mood ( ! v]b to call1 second p]son s+ul>3 ,if ,?\ calle/4 ,if ,?\ call$/4 ,if ,?\ ha/ call$4 ,if ,?\ had/ call$4 ,if ,?\ call4 ,if ,?\ %alt or wilt h call$4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,subjunctive ,mood ( ! v]b to love1 second p]son s+ul>3 ,if ?\ love4 ,if ?\ d love4 ,if ?\ lov$/4 ,if ?\ did/ love4 ,if ?\ ha/ lov$4 ,if ?\ had/ lov$4 ,if ?\ %alt or wilt love4 ,if ?\ %alt or wilt h lov$4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,i 02 ?\ wa/1 or y 02 he1 %e1 or x 03 ,we1 y or ye1 !y1 74--,:ite1 on ! ,engli% ,v]b1 p4 #ea4 ,i taught1 ?\ taught$/1 he taught4--,co>'s ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,we say1 if x ra9s1 suppose x ra9s1 le/ x %\ld ra91 unless x ra9s4 ,?is mann] ( speak+ is call$ ! ,,subjunctive mode4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #gb2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 #ei4 ,he is arriv$ at :at is deem$ ! age ( manhood4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 #afc4 ,he _h mu* bett] h let x alone4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 i1 #dc4 ,he 7 bett] be )\t x4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #aje4 ,hade/ n ?\ be5 by4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #ajg4 ,i le>n$ geography4 ,?\ le>n$e/ ari?metick4 ,he le>n$ gramm>4--,full]'s ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,till ! s\nd is ceas$4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #abf4 ,pres5t1 die2 ,pret]it1 di$2 ,p]f4 ,p>ticiple1 dead4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #aeh2 ,bu*anan's1 #eh2 ,prie/ley's1 #dh2 ,a%'s1 #de2 ,fi%]'s1 #ga2 ,bicknell's1 #gc4 ,?\ b[$'/ ?y glori\s head to none1 fe>$'/ none4 --,pollok1 ,b4 viii1 l4 #fjc4 ,?\ look'/ ^u ?y boy z ?\gh ?\ guess$/ x4 --,n4 ,a4 ,read]1 p4 #cbj4 ,z once ?\ slept'/1 :ile %e to life 0 =m'd --,milt41 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 xi1 l4 #cfi4 ,:o f9ds ! p>tridge 9 ! puttock's ne/1 ,b may imag9e h[ ! bird 0 dead8 --,,%ak43 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,:i* might h well becom'd ! be/ ( m54 --,id41 ,ant4 & ,cleop4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples4 ,a ,p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b3 ?us1 f ! v]b rule1 are =m$ ?ree p>ticiples1 two simple & "o comp\nd2 z1 #a4 rul+1 #b4 rul$1 #c4 hav+ rul$4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,almo/ all v]bs & p>ticiples seem to h _! v ess5ce 9 motion1 or ! privation ( motion--9 act+1 or ceas+ to act4 ,& to all motion & re/1 "t & place are necess>y concomitants2 nor are ! ideas ( degree & mann] (t5 irrelevant4 ,h5ce ! use ( t5ses & ( adv]bs4 ,= :atsoev] comes to pass1 mu/ come to pass sometime & some:]e2 &1 9 e ev5t1 some?+ mu/ be affect$ some:at & someh[4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t ^? gramm>ians are "r1 :o say1 t all p>ticiples imply "t4 ,b x does n foll[1 t ! ,engli% p>ticiples divide "t1 l ! t5ses ( a v]b1 & specify ! p]iod ( action2 on ! contr>y1 x is c]ta9 & manife/1 t !y d n4 ,! phrase1 m5 lab\r+1 conveys no o!r idea ?an t ( lab\r]s at "w2 x no m sugge/s ! "t1 ?an ! place1 degree1 or mann]1 ( _! "w4 ,all ^! circum/ances require o!r words to express !m2 z1 ,m5 n[ "h awkw>dly lab\r+ mu* to little purpose4 ,aga93 ,!nce=w>d w m51 !re lab\r+ h>d & hon\rably1 be look$ d[n ^u by droni% lordl+s4 ,,obs4 #b4--,p>ticiples reta9 ! ess5tial mean+ ( _! v]bs2 &1 l v]bs1 are ei!r active-transitive1 active-intransitive1 passive1 or neut]1 9 _! signification4 ,= ?is reason1 _m h class$ !m ) ! v]bs4 ,b _! =mal mean+ is obvi\sly diff]5t4 ,!y convey no affirmation1 b usually relate to n\ns or pron\ns1 l adjectives1 except :5 !y are jo9$ ) auxili>ies to =m ! comp\nd t5ses ( _! v]bs2 or :5 !y h 9 "p ! nature ( sub/antives1 l ! ,lat9 g]unds4 ,h5ce "s h injudici\sly rank$ !m ) ! adjectives4 ,! mo/ discreet writ]s h commonly assign$ !m a sep>ate place among ! p>ts ( spee*2 because1 9 spite ( all opposite usages1 exp]i5ce has %[n t x is exp$i5t to d s4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,h>ris1 all words d5ot+ ! attributes ( ?+s1 are ei!r v]bs1 or p>ticiples1 or adjectives4 ,"s attributes h _! ess5ce 9 motion3 z1 to walk1 to run1 to fly1 to /rike1 to live2 or1 walk+1 runn+1 fly+1 /rik+1 liv+4 ,o!rs h x 9 ! privation ( motion3 z1 to /op1 to re/1 to cease1 to die2 or1 /opp+1 re/+1 ceas+1 dy+4 ,& !re are o!rs :i* h no?+ to d ) ei!r motion or its privation2 b h _! ess5ce 9 ! quantity1 quality1 or situation ( ?+s2 z1 great & small1 :ite & black1 wise & fooli%1 ea/]n & we/]n4 ,^! la/ t]ms are adjectives2 & ^? :i* d5ote motion or its privation1 are ei!r v]bs or p>ticiples1 accord+ to _! =mal mean+2 t is1 accord+ to _! mann] ( attribution4 ,see ,h]mes1 p4 #ie4 ,v]bs commonly say or affirm some?+ ( _! subjects2 z1 ,! babe wept4 ,p>ticiples sugge/ ! action or attribute )\t affirmation2 z1 ,a babe weep+1--,an act regrett$4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,a v]b1 !n1 be+ expressive ( "s attribute1 :i* x ascribes to ! ?+ or p]son nam$ z its subject2 ( "t1 :i* x divides & specifies by ! t5ses2 & also1 7) ! exception ( ! inf9itive17 ( an ass]tion or affirmation2 if we take away ! affirmation & ! di/9ction ( t5ses1 !re w rema9 ! attribute & ! g5]al notion ( "t2 & ^! =m ! ess5ce ( an ,engli% p>ticiple4 ,s t a p>ticiple is some?+ less ?an a v]b1 ?\gh d]iv$ imm$iately f x2 & some?+ m ?an an adjective1 or m]e attribute1 ?\gh its mann] ( attribution is commonly ! same4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh ! p>ticiple by reject+ ! idea ( "t may pass almo/ ins5sibly into an adjective1 & become truly a p>ticipial adjective2 yet ! p>ticiple & ! adjective are by no means "o & ! same "p ( spee*1 z "s w h !m to be4 ,!re is always an ess5tial diff]5ce 9 _! mean+4 ,= in/ance3 !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 a ?9k+ man & a man ?9k+2 betwe5 a bragg+ fell[ & a fell[ bragg+2 betwe5 a fa/-sail+ %ip & a %ip sail+ fa/4 ,a ?9k+ man1 a bragg+ fell[1 or a fa/-sail+ %ip1 is contemplat$ z be+ habitually or p]man5tly su*2 a man ?9k+1 a fell[ bragg+1 or a %ip sail+ fa/1 is contemplat$ z p]=m+ a p>ticul> act2 & ?is mu/ embrace a p]iod ( "t1 :e!r t "t be specifi$ or n4 ,john ,locke 0 a ?9k+ man2 b we %\ld directly contradict 8 own doctr9e1 to suppose him always ?9k+4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! ,engli% p>ticiples are all d]iv$ f ! roots ( _! respective v]bs1 & d n1 l ^? ( "s o!r languages1 take _! names f ! t5ses4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y are reckon$ among ! pr9cipal p>ts 9 ! conjugation ( _! v]bs1 & _m ( ! t5ses are =m$ f !m4 ,9 ! comp\nd =ms ( conjugation1 !y are f\nd alike 9 all ! t5ses4 ,!y d n !re=e1 ( !mselves1 express any p>ticul> "t2 b !y d5ote ! /ate ( ! be+1 action1 or passion1 9 reg>d to its progress or completion4 ,?is ,i conceive to be _! pr9cipal di/9ction4 ,respect+ ! p>ticiples 9 ,lat91 x has be5 matt] ( dispute1 :e!r ^? :i* are call$ ! pres5t & ! p]fect1 are really s 9 respect to "t or n4 ,sanctius d5ies x4 ,9 ,greek1 ! di/9ction ( t5ses 9 ! p>ticiples is m app>5t1 yet ev5 "h ! "t to :i* !y ref]1 does n always correspond to _! names4 ,see rem>ks on ! ,p>ticiples 9 ! ,port ,royal ,lat9 & ,greek ,gramm>s4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,horne ,tooke supposes our p>ticiples 9 ed to express "t pa/1 & ^? 9 + to h no signification ( "t4 ,he says1 ,i did n mean to d5y ! adsignification ( "t to all ! p>ticiples2 ?\gh ,i cont9ue to )hold x f t :i* is call$ ! p>ticiple pres5t4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dae4 ,^u ! same po9t1 he aft]w>ds adds1 ,i am nei!r new nor s+ul>2 = ,sanctius bo? ass]t$ & prov$ x by num]\s in/ances 9 ! ,lat94 ,su* z1 ',et abfui pr(icisc5s 9 ,grciam4' ,cic]o4 ',s$ po/quam amans accessit pretium pollic5s4' ,t]5t4 ',ultro ad cam v5ies indicans te am>e4' ,t]5t4 ',turnum fugi5tem hc t]ra videbit4' ,virg4--,tooke's ,div41 ii1 #dbj4 ,aga93 ,& ?us ,i h giv5 y my op9ion conc]n+ :at is call$ ! pres5t p>ticiple4 ,:i* ,i ?9k improp]ly s call$2 because ,i take x to be m]ely ! simple v]b adjectiv$1 )\t any adsignification ( mann] or "t4--,tooke's ,div41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dbc4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,i d n agree ) ?is au?or1 ei!r 9 limit+ p>ticiples 9 ed to "t pa/1 or 9 d5y+ all signification ( "t to ^? 9 +2 b ,i admit t :at is commonly call$ ! pres5t p>ticiple1 is n v prop]ly s d5om9at$1 ei!r 9 ,engli% or 9 ,lat91 or p]haps 9 any language4 ,) u1 h[ev]1 ?is p>ticiple is c]ta9ly1 9 v _m in/ances1 some?+ else ?an m]ely ! simple v]b adjectiv$4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 x is (t5 ( a complex "*1 z be+ lov$1 be+ se51 9 :i* two v]bs are adjectiv$ toge!r1 & t by diff]5t t]m9ations4 ,yet d ^! words z p]fectly coalesce 9 respect to "t1 z to ev]y?+ else2 & be+ lov$ or be+ se5 is confess$ly z mu* a pres5t p>ticiple1 z be+1 or lov+1 or see+--nei!r =m be+ solely conf9$ to :at n[ is4 ,aga91 our p>ticiple 9 + /&s n only = ! pres5t p>ticiple ( ! ,lat9 or ,greek gramm>ians1 b also = ! ,lat9 g]und1 & (t5 = ! ,greek inf9itive us$ sub/antively2 s t by ?is end+1 ! ,engli% v]b is n only adjectiv$1 b also sub/antiv$1 if "o may s speak4 ,= ! p>ticiple :5 gov]n$ by a preposition1 p>takes n ( ! qualities ( a v]b & an adjective1 b r ( ^? ( a v]b & a n\n4 ,,classes4 ,engli% v]bs1 n defective1 h sev]ally ?ree p>ticiples2#cja :i* h be5 v v>i\sly d5om9at$1 p]haps ! mo/ accurately ?us3 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 & ! ,prep]fect4 ,or1 z _! ord] is undisput$1 !y may he conv5i5tly call$ ! ,fir/1 ! ,second1 & ! ,?ird4 ,i4 ,! ,imp]fect p>ticiple is t :i* ends commonly 9 +1 & implies a cont9uance ( ! be+1 action1 or passion3 z1 be+1 act+1 rul+1 lov+1 def5d+1 t]m9at+4 ,,ii4 ,! ,p]fect p>ticiple is t :i* ends commonly 9 ed or en1 & implies a completion ( ! be+1 action1 or passion3 z1 be51 act$1 rul$1 lov$1 def5d$1 t]m9at$4 ,,iii4 ,! ,prep]fect p>ticiple is t :i* takes ! sign hav+1 & implies a previ\s completion ( ! be+1 action1 or passion3 z1 hav+ lov$1 hav+ se51 hav+ writt52 hav+ be5 lov$1 hav+ be5 writ+1 hav+ be5 writt54 ,! ,fir/ or ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple1 :5 simple1 is always =m$ by add+ + to ! radical v]b2 z1 look1 look+3 :5 comp\nd1 x is =m$ by prefix+ be+ to "s o!r simple p>ticiple2 z1 be+ read+1 be+ read1 be+ complet$4 ,! ,second or ,p]fect ,p>ticiple is always simple1 & is regul>ly =m$ by add+ d or ed to ! radical v]b3 ^? v]bs f :i* x is =m$ o!rwise1 are ei!r irregul> or r$undant4 ,! ,?ird or ,prep]fect ,p>ticiple is always comp\nd1 & is =m$ by prefix+ hav+ to ! p]fect1 :5 ! comp\nd is d\ble1 & hav+ be5 to ! p]fect or ! imp]fect1 :5 ! comp\nd is triple3 z1 hav+ spok51 hav+ be5 spok51 hav+ be5 speak+4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,"s h suppos$ t bo? ! simple p>ticiples d5ote pres5t "t2 "s h suppos$ t ! "o d5otes pres5t1 & ! o!r1 pa/ "t2 "s h suppos$ t ! fir/ d5otes no "t1 & ! second "t pa/2 "s h suppos$ t nei!r has any reg>d to "t2 & "s h suppos$ t bo? are ( all times4 ,9 reg>d to ! di/9ction ( voice1 or ! mann] ( _! signification1 "s h suppos$ ! "o to be active1 & ! o!r to be passive2 "s h suppos$ ! p>ticiple 9 + to be active or neut]1 & ! o!r active or passive2 & "s h suppos$ t ei!r ( !m may be active1 passive1 or neut]4 ,nor is !re any m unanimity among gramm>ians1 9 respect to ! comp\nds4 ,h5ce sev]al diff]5t names h be5 loosely giv5 to ea* ( ! p>ticiples3 & sometimes ) manife/ impropriety2 z :5 ,bu*anan1 9 8 conjugations1 calls be+1 ,active1--& be51 hav+ be51 hav+ _h1 ,passive4 ,le>n$ m5 may diff] 9 op9ion respect+ ! nature ( words1 b gramm> c nev] well des]ve ! "n ( sci5ce1 till at lea/ an ord9>y %>e ( reason & k appe>s 9 ! language ( ^? :o tea* x4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! ,,fir/ p>ticiple has be5 call$ ! ,pres5t1 ! ,progressive1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,simple ,imp]fect1 ! ,indef9ite1 ! ,active1 ! ,pres5t ,active1 ! ,pres5t ,passive1 ! ,pres5t ,neut]1 &1 9 ! passive voice1 ! ,pret]imp]fcct1 ! ,comp\nd ,imp]fect1 ! ,comp\nd ,passive1 ! ,passive4 ,! ,,second1 :i*1 ?\gh x is always b "o ^w1 "s au?ors treat z be+ two p>ticiples1 or ?ree1 has be5 call$ ! ,p]fect1 ! ,pret]1 ! ,pret]p]fect1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,simple ,p]fect1 ! ,pa/1 ! ,simple ,pa/1 ! ,fir/ ,pa/1 ! ,pret]it1 ! ,passive1 ! ,pres5t ,passive1 ! ,p]fect ,active1 ! ,pa/ ,active1 ! ,auxili>y ,p]fect1 ! ,p]fect ,passive1 ! ,p]fect ,neut]1 ! ,simple ,p]fect ,active1 ! ,simple ,p]fect ,passive4 ,! ,,?ird has be5 call$ ! ,comp\nd1 ! ,comp\nd ,active1 ! ,comp\nd ,passive1 ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect1 ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect ,active1 ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect ,passive1 ! ,comp\nd ,pret]1 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,pres5t ,p]fect1 ! ,pa/1 ! ,second ,pa/1 ! ,pa/ ,comp\nd1 ! ,comp\nd ,pa/1 ! ,prior-p]fect1 ! ,prior-pres5t1 ! ,p]fect1 ! ,plup]fect1 ! ,pret]p]fect1 ! ,prep]fect4#cjb ,9 tea*+ o!rs to speak & write well1 x becomes u to express our doctr9es 9 ! mo/ suitable t]ms2 b ! application ( a "n is ( no great consequ5ce1 s t ! ?+ itself be rightly und]/ood by ! le>n]4 ,gramm> %\ld be taught 9 a /yle at once neat & pla91 cle> & brief4 ,^u ! *oice ( 8 t]ms1 ! writ] ( ?is "w has be/[$ mu* reflection2 yet he f9ds x impossible ei!r to please ev]ybody1 or to expla91 )\t intol]able prolixity1 all ! reasons = pref]5ce4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! p>ticiple 9 + repres5ts ! action or /ate z cont9u+ & ev] incomplete2 x is !re=e rightly t]m$ ! ,,imp]fect p>ticiple3 :]eas ! p>ticiple 9 ed always1 or at lea/ usually1 has ref]5ce to ! action z done & complete2 & is1 by prop] contradi/9ction1 call$ ! ,,p]fect p>ticiple4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to add1 t ! t]ms p]fect & imp]fect1 z ?us appli$ to ! ,engli% p>ticiples1 h no ref]5ce to "t1 or to ^? t5ses ( ! v]b :i* are usually 7b n v accurately7 nam$ by ^! epi!ts4 ,! t]ms pres5t & pa/1 :i* "s /ill pref] to imp]fect & p]fect1 d d5ote "t1 & are 9 a k9d ( oblique contradi/9ction2 b h[ well !y apply to ! p>ticiples1 may be se5 by ! foll[+ texts3 ,god 0 9 ,*ri/1 reconcil+ ! _w unto himself4--,we pray y 9 ,*ri/'s /ead1 be ye reconcil$ to ,god4--,,/4 ,,paul3 #b ,cor41 v1 #ai1 #bj4 ,"h reconcil+ ref]s to ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 & reconcil$1 to ! desir$ conv]sion ( ! ,cor9?ians2 & if we call ! =m] a pres5t p>ticiple1 & ! latt] a pa/1 7z d ,bullions1 ,burn1 ,cl>k1 ,felton1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 ,l5nie1 ,p9neo1 & p]haps o!rs17 we nom9ally rev]se ! ord] ( "t 9 respect to ! ev5ts1 & egregi\sly misapply bo? t]ms4 ,,obs4 #d4--,?\gh ! p>ticiple 9 + has1 by _m1 be5 call$ ! ,pres5t p>ticiple1 x is z applicable to pa/ or future1 z to pres5t "t2 o!rwise1 su* expressions z1 ,i _h be5 writ+1--,i %all be writ+1 w\ld be solecisms4 ,x has also be5 call$1 almo/ z frequ5tly1 ! ,active p>ticiple4 ,b x is n always active1 ev5 :5 d]iv$ f an active v]b2 = su* expressions z1 ,! goods are sell+1--,! %ips are n[ build+1 are 9 use1 & n )\t good au?ority3 z1 ,& hope to allay1 by rational disc\rse1 ! pa9s ( 8 jo9ts te>+ asund]4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #bhe4 ,ins5sible ( ! designs n[ =m+ by ,philip4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ii1 #dh4 ,! improv$ edition n[ publi%+4--,,bp4 ,,halifax3 ,pref4 to ,butl]4 ,! pres5t t5se expresses an action n[ do+4--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,! di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic ( ?is p>ticiple is1 t x d5otes an unf9i%$ & progressive /ate ( ! be+1 action1 or passion2 x is !re=e prop]ly d5om9at$ ! ,,imp]fect p>ticiple4 ,if ! t]m 7 appli$ ) ref]5ce to "t1 x w\ld be no m objectionable ?an ! ^w pres5t1 & w\ld be equally support$ by ! usage ( ! ,greek l+ui/s4 ,i am no m incl9$ to innovation1 ?an are ! p$ants :o1 = ! *oice "h made1 h ignorantly br\ght ! false *>ge aga9/ me4 ,?is "n1 au?oriz$ by ,beattie & ,pickb\rn1 is approv$ by ,l9dley ,murray1#cjc & adopt$ by sev]al ( ! m rec5t gramm>ians4 ,see ! works ( ,dr4 ,crombie1 ,j4 ,grant1 ,t4 ,o4 ,*ur*ill1 ,r4 ,hiley1 ,b4 ,h4 ,sm>t1 ,m4 ,h>rison1 & ,w4 ,g4 ,lewis1 publi%$ 9 ,london2 & ,j4 ,m4 ,m',cullo*'s ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 ,ed9burgh2 also "s ,am]ican gramm>s1 z ,e4 ,haz5's1 ,n4 ,butl]'s1 ,d4 ,b4 ,t[]'s1 ,w4 ,h4 ,wells's1 ! ,s&]ses'4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! p>ticiple 9 ed1 z is m5tion$ above1 usually d5otes a completion ( ! be+1 action1 or passion1 & %\ld !re=e be d5om9at$ ! ,,p]fect p>ticiple4 ,b ?is completion may be spok5 ( z pres5t1 pa/1 or future2 = ! p>ticiple itself has no t5ses1 & makes no di/9ction ( "t1 nor %\ld ! "n be suppos$ to ref] to ! p]fect t5se4 ,! conjugation ( any passive v]b1 is a suffici5t pro( ( all ?is3 nor is ! pro( invalidat$ by resolv+ v]bs ( ?is k9d into _! compon5t p>ts4 ,( ! p>ticiples 9 ed appli$ to pres5t "t1 ! foll[+ is an example3 ,su* a c\rse w\ld be less likely to produce injury to heal?1 ?an ! pres5t c\rse pursu$ at our colleges4--,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #aah4 ,tooke's notion ( grammatical "t1 appe>s to h be5 9 sev]al respects a /range "o3 he accords ) ^? :o call ?is a pa/ p>ticiple1 & d5ies to ! o!r n only ! "n & notion ( a t5se1 b ev5 ! g5]al idea ( "t4 ,9 speak+ ( ! old p>ticipial t]m9ation & or ende1#cjd :i* our ,anglo-,saxon ance/ors us$ :]e we write +1 he says1 ,i d n all[ t !re are any pres5t p>ticiples1 or any pres5t t5se ( ! v]b4 #cje--;,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #da4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! ,p]fect p>ticiple ( transitive v]bs1 be+ us$ 9 ! =mation ( passive v]bs1 is sometimes call$ ! ,passive p>ticiple4 ,x usually has 9 itself a passive signification1 except :5 x is us$ 9 =m+ ! comp\nd t5ses ( ! active v]b4 ,h5ce ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! s5t5ces1 ,i h writt5 a lett]1 &1 ,i h a lett] writt52 ! =m] be+ equival5t to ,scripsi lit]as1 & ! latt] to ,sunt mihi lit] script4 ,b !re are _m p]fect p>ticiples :i* _c ) any propriety be call$ passive4 ,su* are all ^? :i* come f intransitive or neut] v]bs2 & also ^? :i* s (t5 occur 9 ! t5ses ( v]bs n passive4 ,i h already notic$ "s in/ances ( ?is misnom]2 & x is bett] to preclude x altoge!r1 by adh]+ to ! true "n ( ?is ,p>ticiple1 ,,! ,,p]fect4 ,nor is t entirely true :i* "s ass]t1 t ?is p>ticiple 9 ! active is only f\nd 9 comb9ation2 t1 ,:5ev] x /&s alone to be p>s$ z a p>ticiple1 x is passive4--,h>t's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,see also ,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #gg2 & ,gre5e's ,analysis1 or ,gram41 p4 #bbe4 ,rebell$1 9 ! foll[+ examples1 _c ) any propriety be call$ a passive p>ticiple3 ,rebell$1 did ,i n s5d !m t]ms ( peace1 ,:i* n my ju/ice1 b my m]cy ask$8--,pollok1 x1 #bec4 ,arm'd ) ?y might1 rid ,heav'n ( ^! rebell'd1 ,to _! prep>'d ill mansion driv5 d[n4--,milton1 vi1 #gcg4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! ?ird p>ticiple has mo/ g5]ally be5 call$ ! ,comp\nd1 or ! ,comp\nd p]fect4 ,! latt] ( ^! t]ms seems to be r objectionable on acc\nt ( its l5g?2 & aga9/ ! =m] x may be urg$ t1 9 ! comp\nd =ms ( conjugation1 ! fir/ or imp]fect p>ticiple is a comp\nd3 z1 be+ writ+1 be+ se54 ,dr4 ,adam calls hav+ lov$ ! p]fect p>ticiple active1 :i* he says mu/ be r5d]$ 9 ,lat9 by ! plup]fect ( ! subjunctive2 z1 he hav+ lov$1 quum amavisset2 7,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #adj27 b x is manife/ t ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b to love1 :e!r active or passive1 is ! simple ^w lov$1 & n ?is comp\nd4 ,dr4 ,adam1 9 fact1 if he d5ies ?is1 only contradicts himself2 =1 9 8 p>adigms ( ! ,engli% ,active ,voice1 he gives ! p>ticiples z two only1 & bo? simple1 ?us3 ,pres5t1 ,lov+2 ,p]fect1 ,lov$3--,pres5t1 ,hav+2 ,p]fect1 ,_h4 ,s ( ! ,neut] ,v]b3 ,pres5t1 ,be+2 ,p]fect1 ,be54--,ib41 pp4 #ha & #hb4 ,8 s*eme ( ei!r names or =ms is no model ( accuracy4 ,on ! v next page1 unless !re is a mispr9t 9 sev]al editions1 he calls ! ,second p>ticiple ! imp]fect2 say+1 ,! :ole ( ! passive voice 9 ,engli% is =m$ by ! auxili>y v]b to be1 & ! p>ticiple imp]fect2 z1 ,i am lov$1 ,i 0 lov$1 c4 ,fur!r3 ,9 _m v]bs1 he adds1 ! pres5t p>ticiple also is us$ 9 a passive s5se2 z1 ,^! ?+s are do+1 7 do+1 c42 ,! h\se is build+1 0 build+1 c4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,n4 ,butl]1 9 8 ,practical ,gramm>1 ( #ahde1 names1 & c\nts1 & ord]s1 ! p>ticiples v oddly3 ,e v]b1 he says1 has two p>ticiples--! imp]fect & ! p]fect4--,p4 #gh4 ,yet1 = ! v]b love1 he f9ds ^! six3 two ,,imp]fect1 ,lov+ & ,be+ lov$2 two ,,p]fect1 ,hav+ lov$1 & ,hav+ be5 lov$2 "o ,,auxili>y ,,p]fect1 ,lov$1 ( ! ,active ,voice2 & "o ,,passive1 ,lov$1 ( ! ,passive ,voice4 ,_m old writ]s errone\sly repres5t ! p>ticiple 9 + z always active1 & ! p>ticiple 9 ed or en z always passive2 & "s1 among :om is ,bu*anan1 mak+ no di/9ction betwe5 ! simple p]fect lov$ & ! comp\nd hav+ lov$1 place ! latt] ) ! =m]1 & call x passive also4 ,! absurdity ( ?is is manife/3 = hav+ lov$ or hav+ se5 is active2 hav+ be5 or hav+ sat is neut]2 & hav+ be5 lov$ or hav+ be5 se5 is passive4 ,aga91 ! triple comp\nd1 hav+ be5 writ+1 is active2 & hav+ be5 sitt+ is neut]2 b if "o speak ( goods z hav+ be5 sell+ l[1 a simil> comp\nd is passive4 ,,obs4 #h4--,n[ all ! comp\nd p>ticiples :i* beg9 ) hav+ are ess5tially alike2 &1 z a class ( t]ms1 !y ought to h a "n adapt$ to _! nature1 & expressive ( _! lead+ *>act]i/ic4 ,hav+ lov$ diff]s f ! simple p>ticiple lov$1 9 signification z well z 9 =m2 &1 if ?is p>ticiple is to be nam$ ) ref]5ce to its mean+1 !re is no m suitable t]m = x ?an ! epi!t ,,prep]fect1--a ^w :i* expla9s itself1 l prepaid or pr]equisite4 ,( ! _m o!r names1 ! mo/ correct "o is ,,plup]fect1--:i* is a t]m ( v ne>ly ! same mean+4 ,n because ?is comp\nd is really ( ! plup]fect t5se1 b because x always d5otes be+1 action1 or passion1 t is1 or 01 or w be1 complet$ be=e ! do+ or be+ ( some?+ else2 &1 ( c\rse1 :5 ! latt] ?+ is repres5t$ z pa/1 ! p>ticiple mu/ correspond to ! plup]fect t5se ( its v]b2 z1 ,hav+ expla9$ h] views1 x 0 necess>y %e %\ld expatiate on ! vanity & futility ( ! enjoym5ts promis$ by ,pleasure4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aha4 ,"h hav+ expla9$ is exactly equival5t to :5 %e _h expla9$4 ,aga93 ,i may say1 ,he _h comm&$1 & we obey$2 or1 ,he hav+ comm&$1 we obey$4--,fet*'s ,compreh5sive ,gram41 p4 ix4 ,"h ! two phrases 9 ,italics correspond 9 import1 ?\gh n 9 con/ruction4 ,,obs4 #i4--,plup]fect is a d]ivative contract$ f ! ,lat9 plusquam-p]fectum1 & lit]ally signifies m ?an complete1 or beyond ! p]fect2 i4 e41 7z confirm$ by use17 antec$5tly f9i%$1 or complet$ be=e4 ,x is ! usual "n ( our f\r? t5se2 is likewise applicable to a correspond+ t5se 9 o!r tongues2 & is a ^w famili> to e s*ol>4 ,yet sev]al gramm>ians1--too ready1 p]haps1 = innovation1--h %[n _! will+ness to disc>d x altoge!r4 ,bullions1 ,butl]1 ,hiley1 ,p]ley1 ,wells1 & "s o!rs1 call ! ,engli% plup]fect t5se1 ! pa/-p]fect1 & und]/& ei!r epi!t to mean--complet$ at or be=e a c]ta9 pa/ "t2 7,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ci27 t is--f9i%$ or pa/1 at "s pa/ "t4--,butl]'s ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #gb4 ,! relation ( ! t5se is be=e ! pa/1 b ! epi!t plup]fect is n necess>ily limit$ to ?is relation1 any m ?an :at is p]fect is necess>ily pa/4 ,butl] has urg$1 t1 ,plup]fect does n mean complet$ be=e1 b is only a te*nical "n ( a p>ticul> t5se2 &1 argu+ f ?is errone\s assumption1 has conv9c$ himself1 ,x w\ld be z correct to call ?is ! second future p>ticiple1 z ! plup]fect4--,ib41 p4 #gi4 ,! te*nical "n1 z limit$ to ! pa/1 is pret]plup]fect1 f ! old] t]m prt]itum plusquam p]fectum2 s pret]p]fect1 f prt]itum p]fectum1 i4 e4 pa/ p]fect1 is ! "n ( an o!r t5se1 n[ call$ ! p]fect3 :]e=e ! sub/itution ( pa/-p]fect = plup]fect is ! less to be comm5d$4 ,!re may be a conv5i5ce 9 hav+ ! "n ( ! t5se to diff] f t ( ! p>ticiple1 & ?is alone induces me to pref] prep]fect to plup]fect = ! "n ( ! latt]4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,f ! p>ticiple 9 ed or en1 we =m ?ree t5ses1 :i* ! above-nam$ au?ors call p]fect2--! pres5t-p]fect1 ! pa/-p]fect1 & ! future-p]fect2--z1 h se51 _h se51 w h se54 ,n[ x is1 d\btless1 ! p>ticiple1 t gives to ^! _! p]fectness2 :ile div]sity 9 ! auxili>ies makes _! diff]5ce ( "t4 ,yet x is assum$ by ,butl]1 t1 9 g5]al1 ! simple p>ticiple 9 ed or en1 does n d5ote an action done & complet$1 & is n to be call$ p]fect2 7p4 #hj27--t1 ,if we wi% to express by a p>ticiple1 an action complet$ at any "t1 we use ! comp\nd =m1 & ?is is ,,! p]fect p>ticiple2 7p4 #gi27--t1 ,! *>act]i/ic ( ! p>ticiple 9 ed is1 t x implies ! reception ( an action2 7p4 #gi27--t1 h5ce1 x %\ld be call$ ! passive1 ?\gh x is usually call$ ! p]fect p>ticiple2 7p4 #gi27--t1 ,! use ( ?is p>ticiple 9 ! p]fect t5ses ( ! active voice %\ld n be tak5 into consid]ation 9 giv+ x a "n or a def9ition2 7p4 #hj27--t its active1 neut]1 or intransitive use is n a primitive idiom ( ! language1 b ! result ( a gradual *ange ( ! t]m f ! passive to ! active voice2 7p4 #hj27--t1 ! p>ticiple has *ang$ its mode ( signification1 s t1 in/ead ( be+ passive1 x is n[ active 9 s5se2 7p4 #aje27--t1 hav+ *ang$ its orig9al mean+ s entirely1 x %\ld n be consid]$ ! same p>ticiple2 7p4 #gh27--t1 9 su* cases1 x is a p]fect p>ticiple1 &1 = ! sake ( di/9ction 1 ?is may be call$ ! auxili>y p]fect p>ticiple4--,ib4 ,^! speculations ,i briefly ?r[ be=e ! read]1 )\t design+ mu* comm5t ^u !m4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t !y are1 9 sev]al respects1 contradictory "o to an o!r4 ,! au?or himself names ! p>ticiple 9 ref]5ce to a usage :i* he says1 %\ld n be tak5 into consid]ation2 & names x absurdly too2 = he calls t ! auxili>y1 :i* is manife/ly ! pr9cipal t]m4 ,he also id5tifies z "o :at he pr(esses to di/+ui% z two4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,p>ticiples (t5 become adjectives1 & are con/ru$ be=e n\ns to d5ote quality4 ,! t]ms s conv]t$ =m ! class ( p>ticipial adjectives4 ,words ( a p>ticipial =m may be reg>d$ z adjectives1 "u ! foll[+ circum/ances3 #a4 ,:5 !y reject ! idea ( "t1 & d5ote some?+ cu/om>y or habitual1 r ?an a transi5t act or /ate2 z1 ,a ly+ rogue1--i4e41 "o t is addict$ to ly+4 #b4 ,:5 !y admit adv]bs ( comp>ison2 z1 ,a m le>n$ man4 #c4 ,:5 !y are comp\nd$ ) some?+ t does n belong to ! v]b2 z1 unfeel+1 unfelt3 !re is no v]b to unfeel1 !re=e ^! words _c be p>ticiples4 ,adjectives are g5]ally plac$ be=e _! n\ns2 p>ticiples1 aft] !m4 ,! words beg9n+ ) un1 9 ! foll[+ l9es may be class$ ) p>ticipial adjectives3 ,no k+1 no subject 02 unscut*eon$ all2 ,uncr[n$1 unplum$1 unhelm$1 unp$igre$2 ,unlac$1 uncoronet$1 unbe/>r$4 --,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b4 viii1 l4 #hi4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,p>ticiples 9 + (t5 become n\ns4 ,:5 prec$$ by an article1 an adjective or a n\n or pron\n ( ! possessive case1 !y are con/ru$ z n\ns2 &1 if :olly su*1 h nei!r adv]bs nor active regim53 z1 ,he laughe? at ! %ak+ ( a spe>4--,job1 xli1 #bi4 ,!re is no se>*+ ( 8 und]/&+4--,isaiah1 xl1 #bh4 ,9 _! sett+ ( _! ?re%old by ray ?re%old4--,ezekiel1 xliii1 #h4 ,t any man %\ld make my glory+ void4--#a ,cor41 ix1 #ae4 ,! t]ms s conv]t$ =m ! class ( v]bal or p>ticipial n\ns4 ,b "s late au?ors--7,j4 ,s4 ,h>t1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 ,w4 ,h4 ,wells1 & o!rs--7 h giv5 ! "n ( p>ticipial n\ns to _m p>ticiples1--su* p>ticiples1 (t51 z reta9 all _! v]bal prop]ties & adjuncts1 & m]ely p>take ( "s syntactical resemblance to n\ns4 ,n[1 s9ce ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( su* words are f ! v]b1 & are incompatible ) ! specific nature ( a n\n1 x is cle>ly improp] to call !m n\ns4 ,!re are1 9 ! popul> use ( p>ticiples1 c]ta9 mix$ con/ructions :i* are repreh5sible2 yet x is ! peculi> nature ( a p>ticiple1 to p>ticipate ! prop]ties ( o!r p>ts ( spee*1--( ! v]b & adjective1--( ! v]b & n\n1--or sometimes1 p]haps1 ( all ?ree4 ,a p>ticiple imm$iately prec$$ by a preposition1 is n conv]t$ into a n\n1 b rema9s a p>ticiple1 & !re=e reta9s its adv]b1 & also its gov]nm5t ( ! objective case2 z1 ,i ?ank y = help+ him s seasonably4 ,p>ticiples 9 ?is con/ruction correspond ) ! ,lat9 g]und1 & are sometimes call$ g]undives4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,to di/+ui% ! p>ticiple f ! p>ticipial n\n1 ! le>n] %\ld obs]ve ! foll[+ f\r ?+s3 #a4 ,n\ns take articles & adjectives be=e !m2 p>ticiples1 z su*1 d n4 #b4 ,n\ns may gov]n ! possessive case be=e !m1 b n ! objective aft] !m2 p>ticiples may gov]n ! objective case1 b n s prop]ly ! possessive4 #c4 ,n\ns1 if !y h adv]bs1 require ! hyph52 p>ticiples take adv]bs sep>ately1 z d _! v]bs4 #d4 ,p>ticipial n\ns express actions z ?+s1 & are sometimes decl9$ l o!r n\ns2 p>ticiples usually ref] actions to _! ag5ts or recipi5ts1 & h 9 ,engli% no grammatical modifications ( any k9d4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,to di/+ui% ! p]fect p>ticiple f ! pret]it ( ! same =m1 obs]ve ! s5se1 & see :i* ( ! auxili>y =ms w express x3 ?us1 lov$ = be+ lov$1 is a p>ticiple2 b lov$ = did love1 is a pret]it v]b4 ,s held = did hold1 /ung = did /+1 taught = did tea*1 & ! l1 are irregul> v]bs2 b held = be+ held1 /ung = be+ /ung1 taught = be+ taught1 & ! l1 are p]fect p>ticiples4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,?\gh ! ,engli% p>ticiples h no inflections1 & are consequ5tly incapable ( any grammatical agreem5t or disagreem5t1 ^? :i* are simple1 are sometimes elegantly tak5 9 a plural s5se1 ) ! app>5t con/ruction ( n\ns2 b1 "u ^! circum/ances1 !y are 9 reality nei!r n\ns nor p>ticiples1 b p>ticipial adjectives con/ru$ elliptically1 z o!r adjectives (t5 are1 & relat+ to plural n\ns und]/ood4 ,! ellipsis is sometimes ( a s+ul> n\n1 ?\gh v r>ely1 & mu* less prop]ly4 ,examples3 ,to !m :o are ! call$ accord+ to 8 purpose4--,rom41 x1 #bh4 ,t is--! call$ ones or p]sons4 ,god is n ! ,god ( ! dead1 b ( ! liv+4--,matt41 xxii1 #cb4 ,nei!r is x f\nd 9 ! l& ( ! liv+4--,job1 xxviii1 #ac4 ,! liv+1 ! liv+1 he %all praise !e1 z ,i d ?is day4--,isaiah1 xxxviii1 #ai4 ,till we are made fit to live & reign ) him & all 8 r$eem$1 9 ! heav5ly glory =ev]4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #ah4 ,ye bless$ ( my ,fa!r1 come1 ye j1 ,ent] ! joy et]nal ( y\r ,"l4--,pollok1 ,b4 x1 l4 #eia4 ,dep>t f me1 ye curs$1 into ! fire ,prep>$ et]nal 9 ! gulf ( ,hell4--,id41 ,b4 x1 l4 #ddi4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,vii4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,sev5? ,praxis x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles1 ,,n\ns1 ,,adjectives1 ,,pron\ns1 ,,v]bs1 & ,,p>ticiples4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,sev5? ,praxis1 are two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 six = a pron\n1 sev5 = a v]b f9ite1 five = an inf9itive1 two = a p>ticiple1--& "o = an adv]b1 a conjunction1 a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,religion1 rightly und]/ood & practis$1 has ! pure/ ( all joys att5d+ x4 ,religion is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,rightly is an adv]b4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 ,und]/ood is a p]fect p>ticiple1 f ! irregul> active-transitive v]b1 und]/&1 und]/ood1 und]/&+1 und]/ood4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 #b4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple is t :i* ends commonly 9 ed or en1 & implies a completion ( ! be+1 action1 or passion4 ,& is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction1 is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,practis$ is a p]fect p>ticiple1 f ! regul> active-transitive v]b1 practise1 practis$1 practis+1 practis$4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 #b4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple is t :i* ends commonly 9 ed or en1 & implies a completion ( ! be+1 action1 or passion4 ,has is an irregul> active-transitive v]b1 f h1 _h1 hav+1 _h2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,an active-transitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action :i* has "s p]son or ?+ = its object4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,pure/ is a common adjective1 ( ! sup]lative degree2 comp>$ regul>ly1 pure1 pur]1 pure/4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,! sup]lative degree is t :i* is mo/ or lea/ ( all includ$ ) x4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,all is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a pronom9al adjective is a def9itive ^w :i* may ei!r accompany its n\n or repres5t x und]/ood4 #c4 ,^? adjectives ^: signification does n admit ( diff]5t degrees1 _c be comp>$4 ,joys is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,att5d+ is an imp]fect p>ticiple1 f ! regul> active-transitive v]b1 att5d1 att5d$1 att5d+1 att5d$4 #a4 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties ( a v]b1 & ( an adjective or a n\n2 & is g5]ally =m$ by add+ +1 d1 or ed1 to ! v]b4 #b4 ,! imp]fect p>ticiple is t :i* ends commonly 9 +1 & implies a cont9uance ( ! be+1 action1 or passion4 ,x is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,a ,v]b is a ^w :]eby some?+ or o!r is repres5t$ z exi/+1 possess+1 act+1 or be+ act$ ^u1 at "s p>ticul> "t1 pa/1 pres5t1 or future2 & ?is 9 v>i\s mann]s4--,:ite1 on ! ,engli% ,v]b1 p4 #a4 ,error is a savage1 lurk+ ab\t on ! twilight bord]s ( ! circle illum9at$ by tru?1 ready to ru% 9 & take possession1 ! mom5t h] lamp gr[s dim4--,bee*]4 ,! sci5ce ( criticism may be consid]$ z a middle l9k1 connect+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( education into a regul> *a94--,ld4 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 p4 xxii4 ,:5 ,i see a man walk+1 a tree gr[+1 or cattle graz+1 ,i _c d\bt b t ^! objects are really :at !y appe> to be4 ,nature det]m9es u to rely on ! v]acity ( our s5ses2 = o!rwise !y c\ld n 9 any degree answ] _! end1 t ( lay+ op5 ?+s exi/+ & pass+ ar\nd u4--,id41 ib41 i1 #he4 ,b1 advanc+ f>!r 9 life1 & inur$ by degrees to ! crook$ ways ( m52 press+ ?r\gh ! cr[d1 & ! bu/le ( ! _w2 oblig$ to cont5d ) ?is man's craft1 & t man's scorn2 accu/om$1 sometimes1 to conceal _! s5tim5ts1 & (t5 to /ifle _! feel+s2 !y become at la/ h>d5$ 9 he>t1 & famili> ) corruption4--,,blair3 ,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #adj4 ,laugh'd at1 he laughs aga92 & /rick5 h>d1 ,turns to 8 /roke 8 adamant9e scales1 ,t fe> no discipl9e ( human h&s4--,c[p]'s ,task1 p4 #dg4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,?us %ame & remorse unit$ 9 ! ungrateful p]son1 & indignation unit$ ) hatr$ 9 ! he>ts ( o!rs1 are ! puni%m5ts provid$ by nature = inju/ice4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bhh4 ,view+ man z "u ! influ5ce ( novelty1 w\ld "o suspect t cu/om also %\ld influ5ce him8--,human nature1 div]sifi$ ) _m & v>i\s spr+s ( action1 is wond]fully1 &1 indulg+ ! expression1 intricately con/ruct$4--,id41 ib41 i1 #cbe4 ,dryd5 frequ5tly introduces ?ree or f\r p]sons speak+ ^u ! same subject1 ea* ?r[+ out 8 own notions sep>ately1 )\t reg>d+ :at is said by ! re/4--,id41 ib41 ii1 #bid4 ,no?+ is m /udi$ 9 ,*9ese g>d5s1 ?an to raise wond] & surprise4 ,sometimes "o is l$ ins5sibly into a d>k cav]n1 t]m9at+ unexpect$ly 9 a l&scape enri*$ ) all t nature af=ds ! mo/ delici\s4--,id41 ib41 ii1 #ccd4 ,! answ] to ! objection "h impli$1 is obvi\s1 ev5 on ! supposition ( ! que/ions put be+ answ]$ 9 ! affirmative4--,pr(4 ,ve?ake4 ,z birds fly+1 s w ! ,"l ( ho/s def5d ,j]usalem2 def5d+ also1 he w deliv] x2 &1 pass+ ov]1 he w pres]ve x4--,isaiah1 xxxi1 #e4 ,"h1 by ! bonds ( nature feebly held1 ,m9ds combat m9ds1 repell+ & repell'd4--,goldsmi?4 ,suffolk fir/ di$1 & ,york1 all haggl$ ov]1 ,comes to him :]e 9 gore he lay in/eep$4--,%akspe>e4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,e *ange 9 ! /ate ( ?+s is consid]$ z an effect1 indicat+ ! ag5cy1 *>act]iz+ ! k9d1 & measur+ ! degree1 ( its cause4--,dr4 ,murray1 ,hi/4 ( ,en4 ,l41 i1 #agi4 ,hav+ lov$ 8 own :o 7 9 ! _w1 he lov$ !m unto ! end4 ,& supp] be+ end$1 7! devil hav+ n[ put x into ! he>t ( ,judas ,isc>iot1 ,simon's son1 to betray him17 ,jesus1 kn[+ t ! ,fa!r _h giv5 all ?+s into 8 h&1 & t he _h come f ,god & 0 go+ to ,god1 arose f supp]1 & laid aside 8 coat1 &1 tak+ a t[el1 gird$ himself3 !n he p\r$ "s wat] into a bas91 & began to wa% ! disciples' feet1 & to wipe !m ) ! t[el ) :i* he 0 gird$4--,see ,john1 xiii4 ,spiritual des]tion is naturally & judicially incurr$ by s94 ,x is ! )drawal ( t div9e unction :i* enri*es ! acquiesc5t s\l ) moral p[] & pleasure4 ,! subtraction leaves ! m9d en]vat$1 obscur$1 confus$1 degrad$1 & di/ract$4--,,homo3 ,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]4 ,giv+ no (f5ce 9 any ?+1 b 9 all ?+s approv+ ourselves z ! m9i/]s ( ,god3 z unkn[n1 & yet well kn[n2 z dy+1 &1 behold1 we live2 z *a/5$1 & n kill$2 z sorr[ful1 yet always rejoic+2 z poor1 yet mak+ _m ri*2 z hav+ no?+1 & yet possess+ all ?+s4--#b ,cor41 vi4 ,o may ?' indulg5ce ( a fa!r's love1 ,p\r'd =? on me1 be d\bl$ f above4--,"y4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,fi/ ,z ! pr9ciples ^u :i* our p>ticiples ought to be =m$1 7 necess>ily anticipat$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt] on v]bs1 ! read] mu/ recur to t *apt] = ! doctr9es by :i* ! foll[+ errors are to be correct$4 ,! great l5g? ( t *apt] seem$ a good reason = sep>at+ ^! examples f x1 & x 0 also ?\ght1 t su* words z are errone\sly writt5 = p>ticiples1 %\ld1 = ! sake ( ord]1 be *iefly notic$ 9 ?is place4 ,9 _m ( ^! examples1 h[ev]1 ! p>ticiple is n really a sep>ate "p ( spee*1 b is 9 fact tak5 ) an auxili>y to =m "s comp\nd t5se ( its v]b4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,irregul>s4 ,_m ( y\r read]s h mi/ook t passage4--,/eele1 ,spect41 ,no4 #edd4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pret]it v]b mi/ook is "h us$ = ! p]fect p>ticiple4 ,b1 accord+ to ! table ( irregul> v]bs1 we ought to say1 mi/ake1 mi/ook1 mi/ak+1 mi/ak52 aft] ! =m ( ! simple v]b1 take1 took1 tak+1 tak54 ,!re=e1 ! s5t5ce %\ld be am5d$ ?us3 ,_m ( y\r read]s h mi/ak5 t passage4 ,_h n my dog ( a /ew>d ran away4--,addison1 ,spect4 ,none %\ld be admitt$1 except he _h broke 8 coll>-bone ?rice4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgd4 ,we c\ld n "k :at 0 wrote at tw5ty4--,pref4 to ,wall]4 ,i h wrote1 ?\ ha/ wrote1 he has wrote2 we h wrote1 ye h wrote1 !y h wrote4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,z if ,god _h spoke 8 la/ words !re to 8 p4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dfb4 ,i _h l to h came 9 t %ip myself4--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]1 ,no4 #dec4 ,our %ips & vessels be+ drove out ( ! h>b\r by a /orm4--,hut*9son's ,hi/4 ( ,mass41 i1 #dgj4 ,he w endeav\r to write z ! anci5t au?or w\ld h wrote1 _h he writ 9 ! same language4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 i1 #fh4 ,:5 8 doctr9es grew too /rong to be %ook by 8 enemies4--,att]bury4 ,! immortal m9d t ha? =sook ,h] mansion4--,milton4 ,grease t's sweat5 f ! murd]]'s gibbet1 ?r[ into ! flame4--,%ak41 ,macbe?4 ,! c\rt also 0 *id$ = all[+ su* que/ions to be put4--,col4 ,/one1 on ,freemasonry1 p4 #dgj4 ,he w\ld h spoke4-- ,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 x1 #a4 #eag4 ,words int]wove ) sighs f\nd out _! way4--,id41 ib41 i1 #fba4 ,^? k+s & pot5tates :o h /rove4--,id41 ,eiconocla/1 xvii4 ,t ev5 ,sil5ce 0 took4--,id41 ,comus1 l4 #eeg4 ,& envi\s ,d>kness1 ere !y c\ld return1 _h /ole !m f me4--,id41 ,comus1 #a4 #aie4 ,i h *ose ?is p]fect man4--,id41 ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 i1 l4 #afe4 ,i w sc>ce ?9k y h swam 9 a gondola4--,%ak41 ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,! fragrant bri] 0 wove betwe54--,dryd51 ,fables4 ,!n f9i% :at y h began4--,id41 ,poems1 ii1 #agb4 ,b n[ ! ye>s a num]\s tra9 h ran4--,pope's ,odyssey1 ,b4 xi1 l4 #eee4 ,repeats y\r v]ses wrote on glasses4--,prior4 ,:o by turns h rose4--,id4 ,:i* f great au?ors ,i h took4--,id41 ,alma4 ,ev'n !re he %\ld h fell4--,id41 ,solomon4 ,! sun has rose1 & gone to b$1 ,j z if ,p>tridge 7 n dead4--,swift4 ,& ?\gh no m>riage words are spoke1 ,!y "p n till ! r+ is broke4--,id41 ,riddles4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,regul>s4 ,:5 ! ^w is /ript ( all ! t]m9ations4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,en4 ,l41 i1 #cai4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! p>ticiple /ript is t]m9at$ 9 t4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #b;d1 on ! irregul> v]bs1 /ript is regul>4 ,!re=e1 ?is t %\ld be *ang$ to ed2 & ! f9al p %\ld be d\bl$1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d = ,spell+3 ?us1 ,:5 ! ^w is /ripp$ ( all ! t]m9ations4 ,=give him1 ,tom2 8 head is crackt4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #cig4 ,= 'tis ! sport1 to h ! eng9e] hoi/ ) 8 own pet>4--,hamlet1 ,act #c4 ,z great z !y are1 ,i 0 nur/ by _! "m4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #caj4 ,if he %\ld n[ be cry'd d[n s9ce 8 *ange4--,ib41 p4 #cjf4 ,dipt ov] head & e>s--9 debt4--,ib41 p4 #cab4 ,we see ! nation's cr$it crackt4--,ib41 p4 #cab4 ,because !y f9d _! pockets pickt4--,ib41 p4 #cch4 ,o :at a pleasure mixt ) pa96--,ib41 p4 #cgc4 ,& only ) h] ,bro!r l9kt4--,ib41 p4 #chg4 ,because he ne'er a ?\ght all['d1 ,t might n be confe/4--,ib41 p4 #cfa4 ,my love to ,%eelah is m firmly fixt4--,ib41 p4 #cfi4 ,! obs]vations annext to !m w be intelligible4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #deg4 ,^? eyes are always fixt on ! g5]al pr9ciples4--,ib41 i1 #deh4 ,labori\s conjectures w be bani%t f our comm5t>ies4--,ib41 i1 #dei4 ,tiridates 0 de?ron$1 & ,phraates 0 ree/abli%t 9 8 /ead4--,ib41 i1 #dfb4 ,a ,roman :o 0 atta*t to ,augu/us4--,ib41 i1 #dff4 ,nor %\ld ,i h spok5 ( x1 unless ,baxt] _h talkt ab\t two su*4--,ib41 i1 #dfg4 ,& ! re=m]s ( language h g5]ally ru%t on4--,ib41 i1 #fdi4 ,?ree c5turies & a half _h !n elap/ s9ce ! date4--,ib41 i1 #bdi4 ,( su* crit]ia1 z has be5 rem>kt already1 !re is an abundance4--,ib41 i1 #bfa4 ,! ,engli% h surpa/ e o!r nation 9 _! s]vices4--,ib41 i1 #cjf4 ,! p>ty addre/ is next 9 dignity to ! speak]4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ff4 ,to :i* we are _m times helpt4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ac4 ,b = him1 ,i %\ld h lookt well en\gh to myself4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,:y are y vext1 ,lady8 :y d fr[n8--,milton1 ,comus1 l4 #ffg4 ,obtrud+ false rules prankt 9 reason's g>b4--,ib41 l4 #gei4 ,b1 l ,david equipt 9 ,saul's arm\r1 x is encumb]$ & oppress$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cgh4 ,& :5 _! m]*ants are bl[n up1 & crackt1 ,:ole t[ns are ca/ away 9 /orms1 & wreckt4 --,butl]1 p4 #afc4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$4 ,! l&s are hold5 9 free & common soccage4 --,trumbull's ,hi/1 i1 #acc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! p>ticiple hold5 is n 9 t =m :i* pres5t usage au?orizes4 ,b1 accord+ to ! table ( irregul> v]bs1 ! f\r p>ts ( ! v]b to hold1 z n[ us$1 are hold1 held1 hold+1 held4 ,!re=e1 hold5 %\ld be held2 ?us1 ,! l&s are held 9 free & common soccage4 ,a /roke is draw$ "u su* words4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gramm>1 ,edition ( #ahcb1 #aed4 ,x is /rik$ ev51 ) a /rickle4--,walk]s ,p>ticles1 p4 #aae4 ,:il/ ,i 0 w&r+1 )\t any c>e1 beyond my b\nds4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,:5 "o w\ld d some?+1 unless h9dr$ by some?+ pres5t4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #caa4 ,x is us$ pot5tially1 b n s z to be r5dr$ by ^! signs4--,ib41 p4 #cbj4 ,n[ :o w\ld dote ^u ?+s hurry$ d[n ! /ream ?us fa/8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #hi4 ,heav5 ha? timely try'd _! gr[?4--,milton1 ,comus1 l4 #igj4 ,o6 ye mi/ook1 ye %\ld h snat*t 8 w&4--,ib41 p4 #hae4 ,( true virg9 "h di/re/4--,ib41 p4 #ije4 ,s t !y h at la/ come to be sub/itute 9 ! /ead ( x4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #cci4 ,?\gh ye h li5 among ! pots4--,psal41 lxviii1 #ac4 ,&1 lo1 9 h] m\? 0 an olive-leaf pluckt (f4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible1 & ,,bruce',s3 ,g541 viii1 #aa4 ,brutus & ,cassius ,are rid l madm51 ?r\gh ! gates ( ,rome4--,%ak4 ,he %all be spitt$ on4--,luke1 xviii1 #cb4 ,& are n ! c\ntries s ov]fl[n /ill situate betwe5 ! tropics8--,b5tley's ,s]mons4 ,n trickt & fr\nc't z %e 0 wont1 ,b k]*eft 9 a comely cl\d4--,milton1 ,il ,p5s]oso1 l4 #abc4 ,to satisfy 8 rigor1 ,satisfy'd nev]4--,id41 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 x1 l4 #hjd4 ,) him !re crucify'd4--,id41 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 xii1 l4 #dag4 ,?' e>? cumb]'d1 & ! w+'d air d>kt ) plumes4--,id41 ,comus1 l4 #gcj4 ,& n[ _! way to ,e>? !y _h descry'd4--,id41 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 x1 l4 #cbe4 ,n s ?ick sw>m'd once ! soil ,b$ropt ) blood ( ,gorgon4--,ib41 ,b4 x1 l4 #ebg4 ,& 9 a tr\bl$ sea ( passion to/4--,ib41 ,b4 x1 l4 #gah4 ,! cause1 alas1 is quickly gue/4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #djd4 ,! kettle to ! top 0 hoi/--,ib41 p4 #bgd4 ,9 *a9s ?y syllables are l9kt4--,ib41 p4 #cah4 ,r ?an ?us be ov]topt1 ,w\ld y n wi% _! laurels cropt8--,ib41 p4 #dae4 ,! hyph51 or conjo9]1 is a little l9e1 draw$ to connect words1 or p>ts ( words4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #ahcb1 #aej4 ,9 ! o!r mann]s ( dep5d5ce1 ?is g5]al rule is sometimes broke4--,joh4 ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #ccd4 ,"s intransitive v]bs may be r5d]$ transitive by means ( a preposition prefixt to !m4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,:oev] n[ %\ld place ! acc5t on ! fir/ syllable ( ,val]ius1 w\ld set e body a-laugh+4--,walk]'s ,dict4 ,be+ mock$1 sc\rg$1 spitt$ on1 & crucifi$4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #dj4 ,= rhyme 9 ,greece or ,rome 0 nev] kn[n1 ,till by b>b>ian deluges o'erfl[n4--,roscommon4 ,9 my own ,?ames may ,i be dr[nd$1 ,if e'er ,i /oop b5ea? a cr[n'd-head4--,swift4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,adv]bs4 ,an ,adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]3 z1 ,!y are n[ "h1 /udy+ v dilig5tly4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,adv]bs briefly express :at w\ld o!rwise require sev]al words3 z ,n[1 = at ?is "t2--,"h1 = 9 ?is place2--,v1 = 9 a high degree2--,dilig5tly1 = 9 an indu/ri\s mann]4 ,?us ! mean+ ( almo/ any adv]b1 may be expla9$ by "s phrase beg9n+ ) a preposition & end+ ) a n\n4 ,,obs4 #b4--,!re are sev]al cu/om>y comb9ations ( %ort words1 :i* are us$ adv]bially1 & :i* "s gramm>ians d n analyze 9 p>s+2 z1 n at all1 at l5g?1 9 f9e1 9 full1 at lea/1 at pres5t1 at once1 ?is once1 9 va91 no d\bt1 on bo>d4 ,b all words t convey di/9ct ideas1 & rightly reta9 _! individuality1 ought to be tak5 sep>ately 9 p>s+4 ,) ! lib]ty ( suppos+ a few ellipses1 an +5i\s p>s] w seldom f9d occasion to speak ( adv]bial phrases4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 l5g?1 d\bt1 f9e1 & bo>d1 are unque/ionably n\ns2 once1 too1 is us$ z a n\n2 full & all may be p>s$ ei!r z n\ns1 or z adjectives ^: n\ns are und]/ood2 at lea/1 is1 at ! lea/ measure2 at pres5t1 is1 at ! pres5t "t2 & 9 va91 is1 9 a va9 c\rse1 or mann]4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,a phrase is a comb9ation ( two or m sep>able p>ts ( spee*1 ! p>s+ ( :i* ( c\rse implies _! sep>ation4 ,& ?\gh ! division ( our language into words1 & ! division ( its words into p>ts ( spee*1 h nev] yet be5 made exactly to correspond1 x is c]ta9ly desirable to br+ !m z ne> toge!r z possible4 ,h5ce su* t]ms z ev]y:]e1 any:]e1 n[adays1 =ev]1 ev]so1 to-day1 to-morr[1 by-&-by1 inside-out1 upside-d[n1 if !y are to be p>s$ simply z adv]bs1 ought to be comp\nd$1 & n writt5 z phrases4 ,,obs4 #d--,"u ne>ly all ! diff]5t classes ( words1 "s p>ticul> in/ances may be quot$1 9 :i* o!r p>ts ( spee* seem to take ! nature ( adv]bs1 s z ei!r to become su*1 or to be app>5tly us$ = !m4 7#a47 ,,articles3 ,?is may appe> incr$ible1 b x is n ! less true4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/41 i1 #ccg4 ,! o!r p>ty 0 a little coy4--,d4 ,web/]4 7#b47 ,,n\ns3 ,& scrut9y became /one#cjf bl9d4--,c[p]4 ,he w come home to-morr[4--,cl>k4 ,!y 7 travell+ po/ :5 he met !m4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,& ) a v5geance s5t f ,m$ia po/ to ,egypt4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #agj4 ,t ,i %\ld c>e a groat :e!r he likes ! "w or n4--,kirkham4 ,x has sn[$ t]ribly all night1 & is v5geance cold4--,swift4 7#c47 ,,adjectives3 ,dr9k deep1 or ta/e n4--,pope4 ,a place wondr\s deep4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,t fools %\ld be s deep contemplative4--,%ak4 ,a man may speak l\d] or s(t] 9 ! same key2 :5 he speaks high] or l[]1 he *anges 8 key4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #aaf4 7#d47 ,,pron\ns3 ,:at am ,i eas$8--,job4 ,:at h ,i (f5d$ !e8--,g541 xx1 #i4 ,he is some:at arrogant4--,dryd54 7#e47 ,,v]bs3 ,smack w5t ! :ip1 r\nd w5t ! :eels4--,c[p]4 ,= !n ! f>m]s came jog1 jog1 along ! miry road4--,id4 ,crack6 w5t some?+ on deck4--,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,!n /raight w5t ! y>d slap ov] _! noddle4--,arbu?not4 7#f47 ,,p>ticiples3 ,l m$ic9es giv5 scald+ hot4--,dodd4 ,my clo!s are almo/ dripp+ wet4--,9 came ,squire ,s\?1 />k1 />+ mad4--,arbu?not4 ,an exce$+ high m\nta94--,matt41 iv1 #h4 ,h[ sweet1 h[ pass+ sweet1 ! h\r to me6--,*4 ,obs]v]4 ,:5 we act accord+ to our duty4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,a man 0 fam\s accord+ z he _h lift$ up axes ^u ! ?ick trees4--,psal41 lxxiv1 #e4 7#g47 ,,conjunctions3 ,look1 z ,i bl[ ?is fea!r f my face4--,%ak4 ,n at all1 or b v g5tly4--,locke4 ,he 0 b born to try ! lot ( man4--,pope4 7#h47 ,,prepositions3 ,!y %all g 9 & out4--,bible4 ,f go+ to & fro 9 ! e>?1 & walk+ up & d[n 9 x4--,ib4 ,^! are actually adv]bs1 & n prepositions1 because !y gov]n no?+4 7#i47 ,,int]jections are nev] us$ z adv]bs1 ?\gh ! ,greek gramm>ians ref] !m ne>ly all to ?is class4 ,! us+ ( o!r words = adv]bs1 7i4 e41 ! adv]bial use ( any words t we d n actually call adv]bs17 may be ref]r$ to ! figure enallage3#cjg z1 ,tramp1 tramp1 across ! l& !y spe$1 ,spla%1 spla%1 across ! sea4--,burg]4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,z o!r p>ts ( spee* seem sometimes to take ! nature ( adv]bs1 s adv]bs sometimes1 ei!r really or app>5tly1 assume ! nature ( o!r p>ts ( spee*4 7#a47 ,( ,,n\ns3 z1 ,a committee is n ne$$ m]ely to say ,yes or ,no2 t w d v little good2 ! yes or ! no mu/ be accompani$ & support$ by reasons4--,dr4 ,m',c>tee4 ,%all ,i tell y :y8 ,ay1 sir1 & :]e=e2 =1 !y say1 e :y ha? a :]e=e4--,%ak4 7#b47 ,( ,,adjectives3 z1 ,nebu*adnezz> invad$ ! c\ntry1 & r$uc$ x to an almo/ des]t4--,wood's ,dict41 w4 ,moab4 ,! !n bi%op ( ,london1 ,dr4 ,laud1 att5d$ on 8 ,maje/y4--,cl>5don4 ,) upw>d spe$ 8 agile w+s he spread4--,prior4 ,%e lights ! d[nw>d heav51 & rises !re4--,dryd54 7#c47 ,( ,,pron\ns3 z1 ,he lik$ ! gr\nd :]eon %e trod4--,milton4 ,:]e9 h y be5 gall$ by ! k+8--,%ak4 ,o h[ unlike ! place f :5ce !y fell6--,p>4 ,lo/1 ,b4 i1 l4 #ge4 ,"h :]eon is exactly equival5t 9 s5se to on :i*2 :]e91 to 9 :at2 & :5ce1 to :i*3 b none ( !m are actually reckon$ pron\ns4 7#d47 ,( ,,v]bs3 z1 ,if he be hungry1 m ?an wanton1 bread alone w d[n4--,locke4 ,to d[n pr\d he>ts t w\ld n will+ die4--,sidney4 ,%e nev] c\ld away ) me4--,%ak4 ,away1 & gli/] l ! god ( w>4--,id4 ,up1 get ye out ( ?is place4--,g541 xix1 #ad4 7#e47 ,( ,,conjunctions3 z1 ,i1 ev5 ,i1 am he4--,isaiah1 xliii1 #be4 ,if ,i w t he t>ry till ,i come4--,john1 xxi1 #bb4 ,i w g & see him be=e ,i die4--,g541 xlv1 #bh4 ,be=e ,i g :5ce ,i %all n return4--,job1 x1 #ba4 7#f7 ,( ,,prepositions3 z1 ,sup]ior to any t are dug out ! gr\nd4--,eames's ,lect41 p4 #bh4 ,:o act s c\nt] heav5ly m]cy's plan4--,burns4 ,bett] p]haps1 out ( & c\nt] to4 7#g47 ,( ,,int]jections3 z1 ,up1 up1 ,gl5t>k96 r\se !e1 ho6--,scott4 ,d[n1 d[n1 cri$ ,m>1 y\r lances d[n6--,id4 ,(f6 or ,i fly = ev] f ?y sight4--,smi?4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,9 ^! la/ examples1 up1 & d[n1 & (f1 h p]haps z mu* resemblance to imp]ative v]bs1 z to int]jections2 b !y ne$ n be ref]r$ to ei!r ( ^! classes1 because by supply+ a v]b we may easily p>se !m z adv]bs4 ,i nei!r adopt ! notion ( ,horne ,tooke1 t ! same ^w _c belong to diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 nor ref] e ^w to t class to :i* x may at fir/ sight appe> to belong2 = bo? ( ^! me?ods are impracticable & absurd4 ,! ess5tial nature ( ea* "p ( spee*1 & e important peculi>ity ( its individual t]ms1 x is hop$1 w be suffici5tly expla9$ 9 "s "p or o!r ( ?is "w2 b1 z ! classification ( words (t5 dep5ds ^u _! con/ruction1 "s explanations t g to det]m9e ! p>ts ( spee*1 mu/ be look$ = "u ! head ( ,syntax4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! prop] classification1 or subdivision1 ( adv]bs1 ?\gh x does n appe> to h be5 discov]$ by any ( our e>li] gramm>ians1 is c]ta9ly v cle>ly indicat$ by ! mean+ & nature ( ! words !mselves4 ,! f\r important circum/ances ( any ev5t or ass]tion1 are ! :51 ! :]e1 ! h[-mu*1 & ! h[2 or ! "t1 ! place1 ! degree1 & ! mann]4 ,^! f\r are ! ?+s :i* we usually express by adv]bs4 ,& seldom1 if ev]1 d we f9d any adv]b ! notion ( :i* does n correspond to t ( sometime1 some:]e1 some:at1 or someh[4 ,h5ce1 ! g5]al classes ( ?is sort ( words ought to be =m$ "u ^! f\r heads4 ,! classification h]et(ore mo/ commonly adopt$ 9 ,engli% gramm>1 has e fault :i* ! _s ( awkw>dness c\ld possibly give x4 ,! head ( x is ?is3 ,adv]bs1 ?\gh v num]\s1 may be r$uc$ to c]ta9 classes1 ! *ief ( :i* are ^? ( ,numb]1 ,ord]1 ,place1 ,"t1 ,quantity1 ,mann] or ,quality1 ,d\bt1 ,affirmation1 ,negation1 ,int]rogation1 & ,comp>ison4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aae2 ,comly's1 #ff2 ,kirkham's1 #hf2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #cd2 ,hall's1 #bf2 & o!rs4 ,,classes4 ,adv]bs may be r$uc$ to f\r g5]al classes2 namely1 adv]bs ( "t1 ( place1 ( degree1 & ( mann]4 ,besides ^!1 x is prop] to di/+ui% ! p>ticul> class ( conjunctive adv]bs4 ,i4 ,adv]bs ( "t are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,:58 ,h[ long8 ,h[ soon8 or1 ,h[ (t58 includ+ ^! :i* ask4 ,,obs4--,adv]bs ( "t may be subdivid$ z foll[s3-- #a4 ,( "t pres5t2 z1 ,n[1 yet1 to-day1 n[adays1 pres5tly1 in/antly1 imm$iately1 /raightway1 directly1 =?)4 #b4 ,( "t pa/2 z1 ,already1 j n[1 lately1 rec5tly1 ye/]day1 =m]ly1 anci5tly1 once1 h]et(ore1 hi!rto1 s9ce1 till n[1 long ago1 ere:ile1 er/4 #c4 ,( "t to come2 z1 ,to-morr[1 h]eaft]1 h5ce=?1 h5ce=w>d1 by-&-by1 soon1 erelong1 %ortly4 #d4 ,( "t relative2 z1 ,:51 !n1 fir/1 j1 be=e1 aft]1 :ile1 :il/1 mean:ile1 z1 till1 until1 seasonably1 betimes1 e>ly1 late1 :5ev]1 aft]w>d1 aft]w>ds1 o!r:ile1 o!r:iles4 #e4 ,( "t absolute2 z1 ,always1 ev]1 nev]1 aye1 et]nally1 =ev]1 p]petually1 cont9ually1 incessantly1 endlessly1 ev]more1 ev]la/+ly4 #f4 ,( "t repeat$2 z1 ,(t51 (t1 aga91 occasionally1 frequ5tly1 sometimes1 seldom1 r>ely1 daily1 weekly1 mon?ly1 ye>ly1 annually1 once1 twice1 ?rice1 or ?ree times4 ,above ?is1 we use only ! phrases f\r times1 five times1 six times1 c4 ,:e!r ^! ought to be reckon$ adv]bs1 or n1 is que/ionable3 times1 = repetitions1 or in/ances1 may be suppos$ a n\n2 b su* phrases (t5 appe> to be us$ adv]bially4 ,,ii4 ,adv]bs ( place are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,:]e8 ,:i!r8 ,:5ce8 or1 ,:]eab\t8 includ+ ^! :i* ask4 ,,obs4--,adv]bs ( place may be subdivid$ z foll[s3-- #a4 ,( place 9 :i*2 z1 ,:]e1 "h1 !re1 yond]1 above1 bel[1 ab\t1 ar\nd1 some:]e1 any:]e1 else:]e1 o!r:]e1 ev]y:]e1 n[h]e1 :]ev]1 :]esoev]1 )91 )\t1 :]eab\t1 :]eab\ts1 h]eab\t1 h]eab\ts1 !reab\t1 !reab\ts4 #b4 ,( place to :i*2 z1 ,:i!r1 hi!r1 ?i!r1 91 up1 d[n1 back1 =?1 aside1 a%ore1 abroad1 al(t1 home1 homew>ds1 inw>ds1 upw>ds1 d[nw>ds1 backw>ds1 =w>ds4 ,inw>d1 homew>d1 upw>d1 d[nw>d1 backw>d1 & =w>d1 are also adv]bs1 z well z adjectives2 b "s critics1 = di/9ction's sake1 *oose to use ^! only z adjectives4 #c4 ,( place f :i*2 z1 ,:5ce1 h5ce1 !nce1 away1 out1 (f1 f>1 remotely4 #d4 ,( ! ord] ( place2 z1 ,fir/1 secondly1 ?irdly1 f\r?ly1 c4 ,?us1 secondly means 9 ! second place2 ?irdly1 9 ! ?ird place2 c4 ,= ord]1 or rank1 implies place1 ?\gh x may consi/ ( relative degrees4 ,,iii4 ,adv]bs ( degree are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,h[ mu*8 ,h[ little8 or1 to ! idea ( m or less4 ,,obs4--,adv]bs ( degree may be subdivid$ z foll[s3-- #a4 ,( excess or abundance2 z1 ,mu*1 m1 mo/1 too1 v1 greatly1 f>1 besides2 *iefly1 pr9cipally1 ma9ly1 mo/ly1 g5]ally2 entirely1 full1 fully1 completely1 p]fectly1 :olly1 totally1 altoge!r1 all1 q1 cle>1 />k2 exce$+ly1 excessively1 extravagantly1 intol]ably2 immeasurably1 inconceivably1 inf9itely4 #b4 ,( equality or suffici5cy2 z1 ,en\gh1 suffici5tly1 compet5tly1 adequately1 proportionally1 equally1 s1 z1 ev51 j1 exactly1 precisely4 #c4 ,( defici5cy or abatem5t2 z1 ,little1 less1 lea/1 sc>cely1 h>dly1 scantly1 scantily m]ely1 b>ely1 only1 b1 p>tly1 p>tially1 ne>ly1 almo/1 well-nigh1 n q4 #d4 ,( quantity 9 ! ab/ract2 z1 ,h[1 7mean+1 9 :at degree17 h[ev]1 h[soev]1 ev]so1 some?+1 any?+1 no?+1 a groat1 a sixp5ce1 a s\-m>kee1 & o!r n\ns ( quantity us$ adv]bially4 ,,iv4 ,adv]bs ( mann] are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,h[8 or1 by affirm+1 d5y+1 or d\bt+1 %[ h[ a subject is reg>d$4 ,,obs4--,adv]bs ( mann] may be subdivid$ z foll[s3-- #a4 ,( mann] f quality2 z1 ,well1 ill1 wisely1 fooli%ly1 ju/ly1 wick$ly1 & _m o!rs =m$ by add+ ly to adjectives ( quality4 ,ly is a contraction ( l2 & is ! mo/ common t]m9ation ( ,engli% adv]bs4 ,:5 add$ to n\ns1 x =ms adjectives2 b "s few ( ^! are also us$ adv]bially2 z1 daily1 weekly1 mon?ly1 :i* d5ote "t4 #b4 ,( affirmation or ass5t2 z1 ,yes1 yea1 ay1 v]ily1 truly1 inde$1 surely1 c]ta9ly1 d\btless1 und\bt$ly1 assur$ly1 c]tes1 =soo?1#cjh am54 #c4 ,( negation2 z1 ,no1 nay1 n1 n[ise1 n[ay1 n[ays1 noh[4 #d4 ,( d\bt or unc]ta9ty2 z1 ,p]haps1 haply1 possibly1 p]*ance1 p]adv5ture1 may-be4 #e4 ,( mode or way2 z1 ,?us1 s1 h[1 someh[1 noh[1 anyh[1 h[ev]1 h[soev]1 l1 else1 o!rwise1 across1 toge!r1 ap>t1 asund]1 namely1 p>ticul>ly1 necess>ily1 hesitat+ly1 tripp+ly1 extempore1 headlong1 l5g?wise4 ,v4 ,conjunctive adv]bs are ^? :i* p]=m ! (fice ( conjunctions1 & s]ve to connect s5t5ces1 z well z to express "s circum/ance ( "t1 place1 degree1 or ! l4 ,?is class embraces a few words n /rictly belong+ to any ( ! o!rs3 z1 7#a47 ,! adv]bs ( cause2 :y1 :]e=e1 !re=e2 b ! la/ two ( ^! are (t5 call$ conjunctions4 7#b47 ,! pronom9al comp\nds2 h]e91 !re91 :]e91 c42 9 :i* ! =m] t]m is a sub/itute1 & virtually gov]n$ by ! enclitic p>ticle4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,conjunctive adv]bs (t5 relate equally to two v]bs 9 diff]5t clauses1 on :i* acc\nt x is ! m necess>y to di/+ui% !m f o!rs2 z1 ,& !y fe>$ :5 !y he>d t !y 7 ,romans1--,acts1 xvi1 #ch4 ,"h :5 is a conjunctive adv]b ( "t1 & relates equally to fe>$ & to he>d4 ,! "r ( com+ on ! %ore = _! purposes 9 g5]al1 z & :5 !y please4--,holroyd4 ,"h z is a conjunctive adv]b ( mann]1 & :51 ( "t2 bo? relat+ equally to com+ & to please4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! foll[+ words are ! mo/ frequ5tly us$ z conjunctive adv]bs3 aft]1 aga91 also1 z1 be=e1 besides1 consequ5tly1 else1 ere1 ev51 fur!rmore1 h5ce1 h[1 h[ev]1 moreov]1 nev]!less1 o!rwise1 s9ce1 s1 /ill1 till1 !n1 !nce1 !re=e1 too1 until1 :51 :]e1 :]e=e1 :i!r1 & :ile1 or :il/4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,adv]bs ( "t1 place1 & mann]1 are g5]ally connect$ ) v]bs or p>ticiples2 ^? ( degree are m frequ5tly plac$ be=e adjectives or adv]bs3 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 sometimes d5ote ! measure ( actions or effects2 z1 ,& ,i wept mu*--,rev41 v1 #d4 ,& ,isaac trembl$ v exce$+ly--,g541 xxvii1 #cc4 ,writ]s :o _h felt less1 w\ld h said m--,full]4 ,victors & vanqui%$1 9 ! v>i\s field1 ,nor :olly ov]come1 nor :olly yield4--,dryd54 ,,obs4 #d4--,! adv]bs "h1 !re1 & :]e1 :5 comp\nd$ ) prepositions1 h ! =ce ( pron\ns1 or ( pronom9al adjectives3 z1 ,h]eby1 = by ?is2 !reby1 = by t2 :]eby1 = by :i*1 or by :at4 ,! prepositions :i* may be subjo9$ 9 ?is mann]1 are only ! %ort words1 at1 by1 =1 f1 91 into1 (1 on1 to1 unto1 "u1 ^u1 & )4 ,comp\nds ( ?is k9d1 al?\gh !y p>take ( ! nature ( pron\ns ) respect to ! n\ns go+ be=e1 are /ill prop]ly reckon$ adv]bs1 because !y relate z su* to ! v]bs :i* foll[ !m2 z1 ,y take my life1 :5 y d take ! means :]eby ,i live4--,%ak4 ,"h :]eby is a conjunctive adv]b1 repres5t+ means1 & relat+ to ! v]b live4#cji ,?is mode ( expression is n[ some:at antiquat$1 ?\gh /ill frequ5tly us$ by good au?ors1 & especially by ! poets4 ,,obs4 #e--,! adv]bs1 :51 :]e1 :i!r1 :5ce1 h[1 :y1 :]e=e1 :]e91 :]e(1 :]eby1 & o!r l comp\nds ( :]e1 are sometimes us$ z int]rogatives2 b1 z su*1 !y /ill sev]ally belong to ! classes "u :i* !y are plac$ 9 ! =ego+ di/ribution1 except t words ( int]rogation are n at ! same "t connectives4 ,^! adv]bs1 & ! ?ree pron\ns1 :o1 :i*1 & :at1 are ! only int]rogative words 9 ! language2 b que/ions may be ask$ )\t any ( !m1 & all h o!r uses ?an to ask que/ions4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! conjunctive adv]bs1 :51 :]e1 :i!r1 :5ce1 h[1 & :y1 are sometimes s employ$ z to p>take ( ! nature ( pron\ns1 be+ us$ z a sort ( special relatives1 :i* ref] back to antec$5t n\ns ( "t1 place1 mann]1 or cause1 accord+ to _! own respective mean+s2 yet be+ adv]bs1 because !y relate z su*1 to ! v]bs :i* foll[ !m3 z1 ,9 ! day :5 ,god %all judge ! secrets ( m54--,rom41 ii1 #af4 ,9 a "t :5 ?\ maye/ be f\nd4--,psal41 xxxii1 #f4 ,i s\ght = "s "t :at ,i at l5g? f\nd "h1 a place :]e all real wants might be easily suppli$4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,to t "p ( ! m\nta9 :]e ! declivity began to gr[ craggy4--,id4 ,at ,cant]bury1 :i!r "s voice _h run be=e4--,wotton4 ,look unto ! rock :5ce ye are hewn1 & to ! hole ( ! pit :5ce ye are digg$4--,isaiah1 li1 #a4 ,we may rem>k ?ree diff]5t s\rces :5ce x arises4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afc4 ,i'll tell y a way h[ y may live y\r "t ov] aga94--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ajh4 ,a crude acc\nt ( ! me?od h[ !y p]ceive tru?4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #djd4 ,! ord] h[ ! ,psalt] is appo9t$ to be read4--,common ,pray]4 ,9 ! same reason+ we see ! cause1 :y no sub/antive is susceptible ( ^! comp>ative degrees4--,h]mes1 p4 #bja4 ,!re seems no reason :y x %\ld n "w prosp]\sly4--,society 9 ,am]ica1 p4 #fh4 ,!re are /rong reasons :y an ext5sion ( h] t]ritory w\ld be injuri\s to h]4--,ib4 ,an o!r reason :y x des]v$ to be m /udi$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abc4 ,! end :y ,god ha? orda9$ fai?1 is1 t 8 free grace might be glorifi$4--,goodw94 ,,obs4 #g4--,! direct use ( adv]bs = pron\ns1 is (t51 if n g5]ally1 inelegant2 &1 except ! expression may be !reby agreeably %ort5$1 x ought to be consid]$ ungrammatical4 ,! foll[+ examples1 & p]haps also "s ( ! =ego+1 are susceptible ( improvem5t3 ,y\? is ! "t1 :5 we are "y4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,say r1 ,y\? is t "p ( life :i* succe$s to *ildhood4 ,! boy gave a satisfactory reason :y he 0 t>dy4--,ibid4 ,say r1 ,! boy gave a satisfactory reason = 8 t>d9ess4 ,! sev]al s\rces f :5ce ^! pleasures are d]iv$4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #beh4 ,say r--s\rces f :i* ,9 cases :]e x is only said1 t a "q has be5 ask$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,say1 ,9 ^? cases 9 :i*4 ,to ! false rhetoric ( ! age :5 he liv$4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #dae4 ,say r--( ! age 9 :i* he liv$4 ,,obs4 #h4--,:5 a conjunctive adv]b is equival5t to bo? an antec$5t & a relative1 ! con/ruction seems to be less objectionable1 & ! brevity ( ! expression af=ds an additional reason = pref]r+ x1 especially 9 poetry3 z1 ,b ! ,son ( man ha? n :]e to lay 8 head4--,matt41 viii1 #bj4 ,!re might !y see :5ce ,po & ,i/] came4--,hoole's ,tasso4 ,tell h[ he =m$ y\r %9+ frame4--,ogilvie4 ,! w9d bl[e? :]e x li/e?1 & ?\ he>e/ ! s\nd !re(1 b can/ n tell :5ce x come?1 & :i!r x goe?4--,john1 iii1 #h4 ,9 ?is con/ruction1 ! adv]b is sometimes prec$$ by a preposition2 ! n\n be+1 9 fact1 und]/ood3 z1 ,s9ks1 l a sea-we$1 into :5ce %e rose4--,byron4 ,"h ,ma*iavelli's e>? return'd to :5ce x rose4--,id4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! conjunctive adv]b s1 v (t5 expresses ! s5se ( "s ^w or phrase go+ be=e2 z1 ,:]esoev] ! spee* is corrupt$1 s is ! m9d4--,s5eca's ,morals1 p4 #bfg4 ,t is1 ! m9d is also corrupt$4 ,i consid] gr&eur & sublimity1 z t]ms synonym\s1 or ne>ly s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bi4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is grossly wrong1 because ! import ( ?is adv]b 0 n well obs]v$ by ! writ]3 ,we h n[ come to f> ! mo/ complicat$ "p ( spee*2 & "o :i* is sometimes r5d]$ /ill m s1 ?an ! nature ( our language requires4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,s1 9 "s in/ances1 repeats ! import ( a prec$+ n\n1 & consequ5tly p>takes ! nature ( a pron\n2 z1 ,we ?9k our fa!rs fools1 s wise we gr[2 ,our wis] sons1 no d\bt1 w ?9k u s4--,pope1 on ,crit4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,s9ce is (t5 improp]ly us$ = ago3 z1 ',:5 7 y 9 ,france8--,tw5ty ye>s s9ce4' ,x ought to be1 ',tw5ty ye>s ago4' ,s9ce may be admitt$ to supply ! place ( ago t3 x be+ equally correct to say1 ',x is tw5ty ye>s s9ce ,i 0 9 ,france2' &1 ',x is tw5ty ye>s ago1 t ,i 0 9 ,france4'--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ccg4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 s9ce & ago is cle>ly ?is3 ! =m]1 be+ ei!r a preposition or a conjunctive adv]b1 _c ) /rict propriety be us$ adjectively2 ! latt]1 be+ 9 reality an old p>ticiple1 naturally comes aft] a n\n1 9 ! s5se ( an adjective2 z1 a ye> ago1 a mon? ago1 a week ago4 ,g1 ago1 ygo1 gon1 agon1 gone1 agone1 are all us$ indiscrim9ately by our old ,engli% writ]s z ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b to g4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cgf4 ,?ree days agone1 ,i fell sick4--#a ,samuel1 xxx1 #ac4 ,,modifications4 ,adv]bs h no modifications1 except t a few are comp>$1 aft] ! mann] ( adjectives3 z1 soon1 soon]1 soone/2 (t51 (t5]1 (t5e/2#caj long1 long]1 longe/2 fa/1 fa/]1 fa/e/4 ,! foll[+ are irregul>ly comp>$3 well1 bett]1 be/2 badly or ill1 worse1 wor/2 little less1 lea/2 mu*1 m1 mo/2 f>1 f>!r1 f>!/2 =?1 fur!r1 fur!/4 ,ra?1 r1 ra!/1 is n[ us$ only 9 ! comp>ative4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,mo/ adv]bs t are =m$ f adjectives by ! addition ( ly1 w admit ! comp>ative adv]bs m & mo/1 less & lea/1 be=e !m31 z1 wisely1 m wisely1 mo/ wisely2 culpably1 less culpably1 lea/ culpably4 ,?is is virtually a comp>ison ( ! latt] adv]b1 b ! grammatical inflection1 or degree1 belongs only to ! =m]2 & ! words be+ writt5 sep>ately1 x is c]ta9ly mo/ prop] to p>se !m sep>ately1 ascrib+ ! degree ( comp>ison to ! ^w :i* expresses x4 ,z comp>ison does n belong to adv]bs 9 g5]al1 x %\ld n be m5tion$ 9 p>s+1 except 9 ! case ( ^? few :i* are v>i$ by x4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 ! works ( ,milton1 & occasionally 9 ^? ( "s o!r poets ( 8 age1#caa adv]bs ( two syllables1 end+ 9 ly1 are n only comp>$ regul>ly l adjectives ( ! same end+1 b are us$ 9 ! measure ( iambic v]se z if !y /ill =m$ only two syllables4 ,examples3-- ,b ,god ha? wiseli] arm'd 8 v5geful ire4 --,p4 ,lo/1 ,b4 x1 l4 #ajbb4 ,de/roy]s rightli] call'd & plagues ( m54 --,ib41 ,b4 xi1 l4 #fii4 ,& on 8 que/1 :]e likelie/ he might f9d4 --,ib41 ,b4 ix1 l4 #dad4 ,n[ ampli] kn[n ?y ,savi\r & ?y ,"l4 --,ib41 ,b4 xii1 l4 #edd4 ,?\gh ?\ w]t firmli] fa/5'd ?an a rock4 --,sam4 ,agon41 l4 #acih4 ,n ru/ic1 z be=e1 b seemli] clad4 --,p4 ,reg41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #bii4 -------------------------,:]e( to !e anon ,pla9li] %all be reveal'd4 --,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 xii1 l4 #aej4 ------------,to %[ :at coa/ ?y sluggi% er>e ,might easilie/ h>b\r 94 --,%akspe>e1 ,cymb41 ,act ,,iv4 ,%all n myself be k9dli] mov'd ?an ?\ art8 --,id41 ,tempe/1 ,act ,v4 ,b e>?li] happy is ! rose di/ill'd4 --,id41 ,m4 ,s4 ,n4 ,dream1 ,act ,i4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! usage j cit$ is cle>ly analogical1 & has ! obvi\s advantage ( add+ to ! flexibility ( ! language1 :ile x also multiplies its di/9ctive =ms4 ,if c>ri$ out z x might be1 x w\ld furni% to poets & orators an ampl] *oice ( phraseology1 & at ! same "t1 obviate 9 a great measure ! necessity ( us+ ! same words bo? adjectively & adv]bially4 ,! words :i* are n[ commonly us$ 9 ?is tw(old "*1 are pr9cipally monosyllables2 &1 ( adjectives1 monosyllables are ! class :i* we (t5e/ comp>e by er & e/3 next to :i* come dissyllables end+ 9 y2 z1 holy1 happy1 lovely4 ,b if to any monosyllable we add ly to =m an adv]b1 we h ( c\rse a dissyllable end+ 9 y2 & if adv]bs ( ?is class may be comp>$ regul>ly1 aft] ! mann] ( adjectives1 !re c be little or no occasion to use ! primitive ^w o!rwise ?an z an adjective4 ,b1 accord+ to pres5t usage1 few adv]bs are ev] comp>$ by inflection1 except su* words z may also be us$ adjectively4 ,= example3 cleanly1 comely1 deadly1 e>ly1 k9dly1 k+ly1 likely1 lively1 pr9cely1 seemly1 weakly1 may all be ?us comp>$2 &1 accord+ to ,johnson & ,web/]1 !y may all be us$ ei!r adjectively or adv]bially4 ,aga93 late1 lat]1 late/1 is commonly contra/$ 9 bo? s5ses1 ) e>ly1 e>li]1 e>lie/2 b if lately1 lateli]1 latelie/1 7 adopt$ 9 ! adv]bial contra/1 e>ly & late1 e>li] & lat]1 e>lie/ & late/1 might be contra/$ z adjectives only4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! us+ ( adjectives = adv]bs1 is 9 g5]al a pla9 violation ( gramm>4 ,example3 ,to is a preposition1 gov]n+ ! v]b sell1 9 ! inf9itive mood1 agreeable to ,rule #ah1 :i* says1 ,! preposition ,,to gov]ns ! inf9itive mood4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,"h agreeable ought to be agreeably2 an adv]b1 relat+ to ! p>ticiple gov]n+4 ,aga91 ! us+ ( adv]bs = adjectives1 is a fault z gross4 ,example3 ,appreh5d+ ! nom9ative to be put absolutely4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,"h absolutely ought to be absolute2 an adjective1 relat+ to ! ^w nom9ative4 ,b1 9 poetry1 !re is n only a frequ5t sub/itution ( quality = mann]1 9 su* a way t ! adjective may /ill be p>s$ adjectively2 b sometimes also :at appe>s to be 7:e!r "r or wrong7 a direct use ( adjectives = adv]bs1 especially 9 ! high] degrees ( comp>ison3 z1 ,firm] he roots him ! rud] x bl[4 --,scott1 ,l4 ( ,l41 ,c4 ii1 /4 #ai4 ,true ease 9 writ+ comes f art1 n *ance1 ,z ^? move easie/ :o h le>n'd to dance4 --,pope1 ,ess4 on ,crit4 ,& also n[ ! slugg>d s\nde/ slept4 --,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b4 vi1 l4 #beg4 ,9 !m is pla9e/ taught1 & easie/ le>nt1 ,:at makes a nation happy1 & keeps x s4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #cfa4 ,,obs4 #e4--,no use ( words c be "r1 t actually conf\nds ! p>ts ( spee*2 b 9 _m in/ances1 accord+ to pres5t practice1 ! same words may be us$ ei!r adjectively or adv]bially4 ,firm] & rud] are n adv]bs1 b adjectives4 ,9 ! example above1 !y may1 ,i ?9k1 be rank$ ) ! in/ances 9 :i* quality is poetically sub/itut$ = mann]1 & be p>s$ z relat+ to ! pron\ns :i* foll[ !m4 ,a simil> usage occurs 9 ,lat91 & is consid]$ elegant4 ,easie/1 z us$ above by ,pope1 may p]haps be p>s$ ^u ! same pr9ciple2 t is1 z relat+ to ^?1 or to p]sons und]/ood be=e ! v]b move4 ,b s\nde/1 pla9e/1 & easie/1 z 9 ! latt] quotations1 _c be o!rwise expla9$ ?an z be+ adv]bs4 ,pla9 & s\nd1 accord+ to our diction>ies1 are us$ bo? adjectively & adv]bially2 &1 if _! sup]latives are n misappli$ 9 ^! in/ances1 x is because ! words are adv]bs1 & regul>ly comp>$ z su*4 ,easy1 ?\gh sometimes us$ adv]bially by reputable writ]s1 is pres5t$ by our lexicograph]s z an adjective only2 & if ! latt] are "r1 ,milton's use ( easie/ 9 ! s5se & con/ruction ( mo/ easily1 mu/ be consid]$ an error 9 gramm>4 ,& besides1 accord+ to 8 own practice1 he ought to h pref]r$ pla9lie/ to pla9e/1 9 ! adv]bial s5se ( mo/ pla9ly4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,beside ! in/ances already m5tion$1 ( words us$ bo? adjectively & adv]bially1 our diction>ies exhibit _m primitive t]ms :i* are to be ref]r$ to ! "o class or ! o!r1 accord+ to _! con/ruction2 z1 soon1 late1 high1 l[1 quick1 slack1 h>d1 s(t1 wide1 close1 cle>1 ?ick1 full1 scant1 long1 %ort1 clean1 ne>1 sc>ce1 sure1 fa/2 to :i* may z well be add$1 sl[1 l\d1 & deep2 all susceptible ( ! regul> =m ( comp>ison1 & all regul>ly conv]tible into adv]bs 9 ly2 ?\gh soonly & longly are n[ obsolete1 & fa/ly1 :i* means firmly1 is seldom us$4 ,9 %ort1 x is1 probably1 f an idea1 t no adv]bs are to be comp>$ by er & e/ unless ! same words may also be us$ adjectively1 t we d n ?us comp>e lately1 highly1 quickly1 l\dly1 c41 aft] ! example ( ,milton4 ,b1 h[ev] cu/om may sanction ! adv]bial con/ruction ( ! =ego+ simple t]ms1 ! di/9ctive =m ( ! adv]b is 9 g5]al to be pref]r$1 especially 9 prose4 ,= example3 ,! m x 0 compla9$ (1 ! l\d] x 0 prais$4--,daniel ,web/]1 9 ,congress1 #ahcg4 ,if x w\ld seem qua9t to say1 ,! l\dli] x 0 prais$1 x w\ld p]haps be bett] to say1 ,! m l\dly x 0 prais$2 = our critics h n ackn[l$g$ l\d or l\d] to be an adv]b4 ,nor h sl[ & deep be5 s call$4 ,dr4 ,johnson cites ! foll[+ l9e to illu/rate ! latt] z an adjective3 ,dr9k hellebore1 my boy6 dr9k deep1 & sc\r ?y bra94 ,,dryd54 --,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,deep4 ,dr9k hellebore1 my boy6 dr9k deep1 & purge ?y bra94 --,dryd4 ,,iv4 ,sat4 ( ,p]sius4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 "s in/ances1 ev5 9 prose1 x makes little or no diff]5ce to ! s5se1 :e!r we use adjectives ref]r+ to ! n\ns1 or adv]bs ( l import1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! v]bs3 z1 ,! :ole conception is convey$ cle> & /rong to ! m9d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p1 #ach4 ,"h cle> & /rong are adjectives1 ref]r+ to conception2 b we might z well say1 ,! :ole conception is convey$ cle>ly & /rongly to ! m9d4 ,aga9/ a p[] t exi/s indep5d5t ( _! own *oice4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #df4 ,"h we might z well say1 exi/s indep5d5tly2 = ! indep5d5ce ( ! p[]1 9 :i*ev] way x is express$1 is no?+ b ! mann] ( its exi/5ce4 ,?is "w goe? fa/ on & prosp]e?4--,ezra4 ,skill comes s sl[1 & life s fa/ do? fly4--,davies4 ,dr4 ,johnson "h takes fa/ & sl[ to be adjectives1 b he might z well h call$ !m adv]bs1 s f> z _! mean+ or con/ruction is conc]n$4 ,= :at "h qualifies ! ?+s spok5 (1 is no?+ b ! mann] ( _! motion2 & ?is might z well be express$ by ! words1 rapidly1 sl[ly1 swiftly4 ,yet x ought to be obs]v$1 t ?is does n prove ! equival5t words to be adv]bs1 & n adjectives4 ,our philologi/s h (t5 be5 l$ into errors by ! argum5t ( equival5ce4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,viii4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,eigh? ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles1 ,,n\ns1 ,,adjectives1 ,,pron\ns1 ,,v]bs1 ,,p>ticiples1 & ,,adv]bs4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,eigh? ,praxis1 are two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 six = a pron\n1 sev5 = a v]b f9ite1 five = an inf9itive1 two = a p>ticiple1 two 7& sometimes ?ree7 = an adv]b1--& "o = a conjunction1 a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,:5 0 x t ,rome attract$ mo/ /rongly ! admiration ( mank9d8--,r4 ,g4 ,h>p]4 ,:5 is an adv]b ( "t4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree or mann]4 #b4 ,adv]bs ( "t are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,:58 ,h[ long8 ,h[ soon8 or1 ,h[ (t58 includ+ ^! :i* ask4 ,0 is an irregul> neut] v]b1 f be1 01 be+1 be52 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 imp]fect t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,a neut] v]b is a v]b t expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b simply be+1 or a /ate ( be+4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! imp]fect t5se is t :i* expresses :at took place1 or 0 occurr+1 9 "t fully pa/4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,x is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,t is a conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,rome is a prop] n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 p]sonifi$ fem99e1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> individual1 or p1 or gr\p4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! fem99e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! female k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,attract$ is a regul> active-transitive v]b1 f attract1 attract$1 attract+1 attract$2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 imp]fect t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,a regul> v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,an active-transitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action :i* has "s p]son or ?+ = its object4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! imp]fect t5se is t :i* expresses :at took place1 or 0 occurr+1 9 "t fully pa/4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,mo/ is an a adv]b ( degree1 comp>$1 mu*1 m1 mo/1 & f\nd 9 ! sup]lative4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 #b4 ,adv]bs ( degree are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,h[ mu*8 ,h[ little8 or to ! idea ( m or less4 #c4 ,! sup]lative degree is t :i* is mo/ or lea/ ( all includ$ ) x4 ,/rongly is an adv]b ( mann]4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 #b4 ,adv]bs ( mann] are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,h[8 or1 by affirm+1 d5y+1 or d\bt+1 %[ h[ a subject is reg>d$4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,admiration is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,mank9d is a common n\n1 collective1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a collective n\n1 or n\n ( multitude1 is ! "n ( _m individuals toge!r4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,wisely1 !re=e1 is x ord]$1 & agreeably to ! sy/em ( ,provid5ce1 t we %\ld h nature = our in/ructor4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ceh4 ,x is surpris+1 h[ quickly1 & = ! mo/ "p h[ correctly1 we judge ( "* f ext]nal appe>ance4--,id41 ib41 i1 #cei4 ,! memb]s ( a p]iod connect$ by prop] copulatives1 glide smoo?ly & g5tly along1 & are a pro( ( s$at5ess & leisure 9 ! speak]4--,id41 ib41 ii1 #cc4 ,anti!sis ought only to be occasionally /udi$1 :5 x is naturally dem&$ by ! comp>ison or opposition ( objects4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ajb4 ,did m5 always ?9k cle>ly1 & 7 !y at ! same "t fully ma/]s ( ! language 9 :i* !y write1 !re w\ld be occasion = few rules4--,ib41 #ajb4 ,rhetoric1 or oratory1 is ! art ( speak+ ju/ly1 me?odically1 floridly1 & copi\sly1 ^u any subject1 9 ord] to t\* ! passions1 & to p]suade4--,bradley's ,lit]>y ,guide1 p4 #aee4 ,! m closely we foll[ ! natural ord] ( any subject we may be inve/igat+1 ! m satisfactorily & explicitly w t subject be op5$ to our und]/&+4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #afj4 ,:y %\ld we d\bt ( t1 :]e( our s5se ,f9ds demon/ration f exp]i5ce8 ,our m9ds are "h1 & !re1 bel[1 above2 ,no?+ t's mortal1 c s swiftly move4--,d5ham4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,if we c disc]n p>ticul>ly & precisely :at x is1 :i* is mo/ directly ob$i5ce or disob$i5ce to ! w & comm&s ( ,god2 :at is truly morally beautiful1 or really & absolutely de=m$2 ! "q conc]n+ lib]ty1 z f> z x respects e?ics1 or morality1 w be suffici5tly decid$4--,we/1 on ,ag5cy1 p4 xiii4 ,?us x 0 true1 hi/orically1 individually1 philosophically1 & univ]sally1 t !y did n l to reta9 ,god 9 _! k4--,cox1 on ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #cbg4 ,we ref] to ,j]emiah ,ev>ts & ,gordon ,hall4 ,!y _h _! imp]fections1 & aga9/ !m !y /ruggl$ discreetly1 con/antly1 successfully1 until !y 7 fitt$ to asc5d to _! re/4--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]1 ,feb4 #b;d1 #ahcc4 ,seek n pr\d ri*es2 b su* z ?\ may/ get ju/ly1 use sob]ly1 di/ribute *e]fully & leave cont5t$ly4--,ld4 ,bacon4 ,!re are also "s p>ticul>ly griev\s s9s1 ( :i* consci5ce ju/ly accuses u2 s9s committ$ m or less presumptu\sly & will+ly1 delib]ately & repeat$ly4--,bick]/e?1 on ,pray]1 p4 #ei4 ,& h]e9 ,i appreh5d myself n[ to suff] wrongfully1 be+ sl&]\sly report$1 falsely accus$1 %amefully & despitefully us$1 & hat$ )\t a cause4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #agc4 ,( p]fect k1 see1 ! dawn+ light ,=etells a noon mo/ exquisitely bright6 ,"h1 spr+s ( endless joy are break+ =?6 ,!re1 buds ! promise ( cele/ial wor?6--,"y4 ,,lesson ,,iii--,,p>s+4 ,a true fri5d unbosoms freely1 advises ju/ly1 assi/s readily1 adv5tures boldly1 takes all pati5tly1 def5ds c\rage\sly1 & cont9ues a fri5d un*angeably4--,p5n's ,maxims4 ,t m9d mu/ be wond]fully n>r[1 t is :olly wrapp$ up 9 itself2 b ?is is too visibly ! "* ( mo/ human m9ds4--,burgh's ,dignity1 ii1 #ce4 ,!re is n a man liv+1 :o wi%es m s9c]ely ?an ,i d1 to see a plan adopt$ = ! abolition ( slav]y2 b !re is only "o prop] & effectual mode by :i* x c be accompli%$1 & t is1 by legislative au?ority4--,geo4 ,wa%+ton1 #aghf4 ,slo? has frequ5tly & ju/ly be5 d5om9at$ ! ru/ ( ! s\l4 ,! habit is easily acquir$2 or1 r1 x is a "p ( our v nature to be indol5t4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #agf4 ,i am aw>e h[ improp] x is to talk mu* ( my wife2 nev] reflect+ h[ mu* m improp] x is to talk mu* ( myself4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #hi4 ,h[beit :]e9soev] any is bold1 7,i speak fooli%ly17 ,i am bold also4 ,are !y ,hebrews8 s am ,i4 ,are !y ,israelites8 s am ,i4 ,are !y ! se$ ( ,abraham8 s am ,i4 ,are !y m9i/]s ( ,*ri/8 7,i speak z a fool17 ,i am m4--#b ,cor41 xi4 ,oh1 speak ! wondr\s man6 h[ mild1 h[ calm1 ,h[ greatly humble1 h[ div9ely good1 ,h[ firm e/abli%'d on et]nal tru?4--,?omson4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,respect+ ,,adv]bs4 ,we c mu* easi] =m ! conception ( a fi]ce combat4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afg4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! adjective easi] is us$ z an adv]b1 to qualify ! v]b c =m4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #d? on ! ,modifications ( ,adv]bs1 ,! us+ ( adjectives = adv]bs1 is 9 g5]al a pla9 violation ( gramm>4 ,!re=e1 easi] %\ld be m easily2 ?us1 ,we c mu* m easily =m ! conception ( a fi]ce combat4 ,:5 he 0 re/or$1 agreeable to ! treaty1 he 0 a p]fect savage4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bce4 ,h[ ,i %all acquit myself suitable to ! importance ( ! trial4--,duncan's ,cic41 p4 #he4 ,c any ?+ %[ y\r hol9ess h[ unwor?y y treat mank9d8--,spect41 ,no4 #dig4 ,9 :at o!r language1 consi/5t ) reason & common s5se1 c y g ab\t to expla9 x to him8--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 viii4 ,agreeable to ?is rule1 ! %ort v[el ,%eva has two *>act]s4--,wilson's ,hebrew ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,we %all give a rem>kable f9e example ( ?is figure4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cdg4 ,all ( :i* is mo/ abom9able false4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #dca4 ,he heap$ up great ri*es1 b pass$ 8 "t mis]able4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 ii1 #bjb4 ,he is nev] satisfi$ ) express+ any ?+ cle>ly & simple4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #if4 ,att5tive only to exhibit 8 ideas cle> & exact1 he appe>s dry4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,su* words z h ! mo/ liquids & v[els1 glide ! s(te/4--,ib41 p4 #abi4 ,! simple/ po9ts1 su* z are easie/ appreh5d$4--,ib41 p4 #cab4 ,too hi/orical1 to be acc\nt$ a p]fect regul> epic poem4--,ib41 p4 #dda4 ,putt+ aft] !m ! oblique case1 agreeable to ! ,fr5* con/ruction4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,:]e ! tra9 proce$s ) an extreme sl[ pace4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aea4 ,s z sc>ce to give an appe>ance ( succession4--,ib41 i1 #aeb4 ,t concord betwe5 s\nd & s5se1 :i* is p]ceiv$ 9 "s expressions indep5d5t ( artful pronunciation4--,ib41 ii1 #fc4 ,corn>o _h become v corpul5t1 previ\s to ! adoption ( 8 temp]ate habits4--,hit*cock1 on ,dysp41 p4 #cif4 ,bread1 :i* is a solid & tol]able h>d sub/ance4--,s&=d & ,m]ton1 p4 #ch4 ,to comm& e body t 0 n dress$ z f9e z himself4--,ib41 p1 #ai4 ,_m ( !m h sc>ce outliv$ _! au?ors4--,pref4 to ,lily's ,gram41 p4 ix4 ,_! lab\r1 inde$1 did n p5etrate v deep4--,wilson's ,heb4 ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,! p are mis]able poor1 & subsi/ on fi%4--,hume's ,hi/41 ii1 #dcc4 ,a scale1 :i* ,i took great pa9s1 "s ye>s s9ce1 to make4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,!re is no tru? on e>? s well e/abli%$ z ! tru? ( ! ,bible4--,taylor's ,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #bhh4 ,i "k ( no "w s mu* want$ z ! "o ,mr4 ,taylor has n[ furni%$4--,,dr4 ,,nott3 ib41 p4 ii4 ,& !re=e _! reque/s are seldom & reasonable4--,taylor3 ib41 p4 #eh4 ,que/ions are easi] propos$ ?an rightly answ]$4--,dillwyn's ,reflections1 p4 #ai4 ,(t5 reflect on ! advantages y possess1 & on ! s\rce f :5ce !y are all d]iv$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cgd4 ,if !re be no special ,rule :i* requires x to be put =w>d]4--,milnes's ,greek ,gram41 p4 #bcd4 ,! ,mascul9e & ,neut] h ! same ,dialect 9 all ,numb]s1 especially :5 !y end ! same4--,ib41 p4 #bei4 ,& *ildr5 are m busy 9 _! play ,?an ^? t wisely'/ pass _! "t away4--,butl]1 p4 #afc4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,conjunctions4 ,a ,conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$3 z1 ,?\ & he are happy1 because y are good4--,murray4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,our connective words are ( f\r k9ds2 namely1 relative pron\ns1 conjunctive adv]bs1#cab conjunctions1 & prepositions4 ,^! h a c]ta9 resemblance to "o ano!r1 s f> z !y are all ( !m connectives2 yet !re are also *>act]i/ical diff]5ces by :i* !y may 9 g5]al be easily di/+ui%$4 ,relative pron\ns repres5t antec$5ts1 & /& 9 ^? relations :i* we call cases2 conjunctive adv]bs assume ! connective p[] 9 addition to _! adv]bial "*1 & consequ5tly su/a9 a d\ble relation2 conjunctions1 7except ! introductory correspond5ts17 jo9 words or s5t5ces toge!r1 %[+ _! relation ei!r to ea* o!r or to some?+ else2 prepositions1 ?\gh naturally subject !mselves to some?+ go+ be=e1 assume ! gov]nm5t ( ! t]ms :i* foll[ !m1 & 9 ?is !y diff] f all ! re/4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,conjunctions d n express any ( ! real objects ( ! und]/&+1 :e!r ?+s1 qualities1 or actions1 b r ! sev]al modes ( connexion or contra/ "u :i* ^! objects are contemplat$4 ,h5ce conjunctions 7 said by ,ari/otle & 8 foll[]s to be 9 !mselves devoid ( signification2 a notion :i* ,h>ris1 ) no great propriety1 has adopt$ 9 8 faulty def9ition#cac ( ?is "p ( spee*4 ,x is ! (fice ( ?is class ( p>ticles1 to l9k toge!r words1 phrases1 or s5t5ces1 t w\ld o!rwise appe> z loose %r$s1 or unconnect$ aphorisms2 & ?us1 by v>i\s =ms ( dep5d5ce1 to give to disc\rse su* cont9uity z may fit x to convey a connect$ tra9 ( ?\ght or reason+4 ,! skill or inability ( a writ] may z /rik+ly appe> 9 8 managem5t ( ^! little connectives1 z 9 t ( ! longe/ & mo/ significant words 9 ! language4 ,! curr5t is (t5 ev9c$ by ! /raws1 ,& ! c\rse ( ! w9d by ! flight ( a fea!r2 ,s a speak] is kn[n by 8 &s & 8 ors1 ,^? /it*es t fa/5 8 pat*work toge!r4--,rob]t ,f4 ,mott4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,conjunctions sometimes connect entire s5t5ces1 & sometimes p>ticul> words or phrases only4 ,:5 "o :ole s5t5ce is closely l9k$ ) an o!r1 bo? become clauses or memb]s ( a m complex s5t5ce2 & :5 "o ^w or phrase is c\pl$ ) an o!r1 bo? h 9 g5]al a common dep5d5ce ^u "s o!r ^w 9 ! same s5t5ce4 ,9 etymological p>s+1 x may be suffici5t to "n ! conjunction z su*1 & repeat ! def9ition above2 b1 9 syntactical p>s+1 ! le>n] %\ld always specify ! t]ms connect$4 ,9 _m in/ances1 h[ev]1 he may conv5i5tly abbreviate 8 explanation1 by p>s+ ! conjunction z connect+ :at prec$es & :at foll[s2 or1 if ! t]ms are transpos$1 z connect+ its own clause to ! second1 to ! ?ird1 or to "s o!r clause 9 ! context4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,h[ev] easy x may appe>1 = ev5 ! "y p>s] to "n ! t]ms :i* 9 any giv5 in/ance are connect$ by ! conjunction1 & ( c\rse to "k = himself :at ^! t]ms are1--t is1 to "k :at ! conjunction does or does n1 connect1--x is c]ta9 t a multitude ( gramm>ians & philosoph]s1 great & small1 f ,ari/otle d[n to ! late/ modifi] ( ,murray1 or borr[] f 8 text1 h be5 con/antly contradict+ "o an o!r1 if n !mselves1 9 relation to ?is matt]4 ,h>ris av]s1 t ! ,conjunction connects1 n ,words1 b ,s5t5ces2 & frames 8 def9ition accord+ly4 ,see ,h]mes1 p4 #bcg4 ,?is doctr9e is true ( "s ( ! conjunctions1 b x is by no means true ( !m all4 ,he adds1 9 a note1 ,gramm>ians h usually consid]$ ! ,conjunction z connect+ r s+le ,p>ts ( ,spee*1 ?an :ole ,s5t5ces1 & t too ) ! addition ( l ) l1 ,t5se ) ,t5se1 ,numb] ) ,numb]1 ,case ) ,case1 c4 ,?is ,sanctius ju/ly explodes4--,ib41 p4 #bch4 ,if su* has be5 ! usual doctr9e ( ! gramm>ians1 !y h err$ on ! "o side1 z mu* z our philosoph]1 & 8 le>n$ au?orities1 on ! o!r4 ,=1 9 ?is in/ance1 ,h>ris's quotations ( ,lat9 & ,greek writ]s1 prove only t ,sanctius1 ,scalig]1 ,apollonius1 & ,ari/otle1 held ! same error t he himself _h adopt$2--! error :i* ,la?am & o!rs n[ inculcate1 t1 ,!re are always two propositions :]e !re is "o ,conjunction4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #eeg4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! common doctr9e ( ,l4 ,murray & o!rs1 t1 ,conjunctions connect ! same moods & t5ses ( v]bs1 & cases ( n\ns & pron\ns1 is n only badly express$1 b is po9t$ly at v>iance ) _! previ\s doctr9e1 t1 ,conjunctions v (t5 unite s5t5ces1 :5 !y appe> to unite only words2 z 9 ! foll[+ in/ances3 ',duty & int]e/ =bid vici\s indulg5ces2' ',wisdom or folly gov]ns u4' ,ea* ( ^! =ms ( expression1 !y absurdly say1 conta9s two s5t5ces4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abd2 ,smi?'s1 #ie2 ,fisk's1 #hd2 ,+]soll's1 #ha4 ,by ! same moods1 t5ses1 or cases1 we mu/ ne$s "h und]/& "s "o mood1 t5se1 or case1 9 :i* ! connect$ words agree2 &1 if ! conjunction has any ?+ to d ) ?is agreem5t1 or sam5ess ( mood1 t5se1 or case1 x mu/ be because words only1 & n s5t5ces1 are connect$ by x4 ,n[1 if1 t1 ?\gh1 le/1 unless1 or any o!r conjunction t introduces ! subjunctive1 w almo/ always be f\nd to connect diff]5t moods1 or r to subjo9 "o s5t5ce to ano!r 9 :i* !re is a diff]5t mood4 ,on ! contr>y1 &1 z1 ev51 ?an1 or1 & nor1 ?\gh !y may be us$ to connect s5t5ces1 d1 9 v _m in/ances1 connect words only2 z1 ,! k+ & que5 are an amiable pair4--,murray4 ,& a be+ ( m ?an human dignity /ood be=e me4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,x _c be plausibly pret5d$1 t & & ?an1 9 ^! two examples1 connect clauses or s5t5ces4 ,s & & or1 9 ! examples above1 connect ! n\ns only1 & n s5t5ces3 else our common rules = ! agreem5t ( v]bs or pron\ns ) words connect$1 are no?+ b bald absurdities4 ,x is idle to say1 t ! con/ruction & mean+ are n :at !y appe> to be2 & x is c]ta9ly absurd to cont5d1 t conjunctions always connect s5t5ces2 or always1 words only4 ,"o au?or v /rangely conceives1 t1 ,conjunctions may be said ei!r always to connect words only1 or always to connect s5t5ces1 accord+ to ! view :i* may be tak5 ( !m 9 analyz+4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,,obs4 #f4--,sev]al words belong+ to o!r p>ts ( spee*1 are occasionally us$ z conjunctions4 ,su* are ! foll[+3 provid$1 except1 v]bs2 bo?1 an adjective2 ei!r1 nei!r1 t1 pron\ns2 be+1 see+1 p>ticiples2 be=e1 s9ce1 =1 prepositions4 ,i w d x1 provid$ y l5d "s help4 ,"h provid$ is a conjunction1 t connects ! two s5t5ces4 ',paul said1 ,except ^! abide 9 ! %ip1 ye _c be sav$4' ,"h except is a conjunction4 ,except+ is also us$ z a p>ticiple & conjunction4 ',be+ ?is reception ( ! gospel 0 s anci5tly =etold4'--,bi%op ,pe>son4 ',see+ all ! congregation are holy4'--,bible4 ,"h be+ & see+ are us$ z conjunctions4--,alex&]'s ,gram31 p4 #ej4 ',! =ego+ rem>k1 ?\gh wor?y ( "s att5tion1 is n altoge!r accurate4 ,be=e1 :5 x connects s5t5ces1 is n a conjunction1 b a conjunctive adv]b4 ,provid$1 z cit$ above1 resembles n ! v]b1 b ! p]fect p>ticiple4 ,ei!r & nei!r1 :5 !y are n conjunctions1 are pronom9al adjectives1 r ?an pron\ns4 ,&1 to say1 t1 words belong+ to o!r p>ts ( spee*1 are us$ z conjunctions1 is a sort ( solecism1 :i* leaves ! le>n] 9 d\bt to :at class !y really belong4 ,be+1 & be+ t1 7 =m]ly us$ 9 ! s5se ( because1 s9ce1 or see+ t2 7,lat4 cum1 quoniam1 or qu&o27 b ?is usage is n[ obsolete4 ,s !re is an uncommon or obsolete use ( )\t1 9 ! s5se ( unless1 or except2 7,lat4 nisi27 z1 ,he _c rise )\t he be help$4 ,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #dbe4 ,non pote/ nisi adjutus exsurg]e4--,s5eca4 ,,classes4 ,conjunctions are divid$ into two g5]al classes1 copulative & disjunctive2 & a few ( ea* class are p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ f ! re/1 z be+ corresponsive4 ,i4 ,a copulative conjunction is a conjunction t d5otes an addition1 a cause1 a consequ5ce1 or a supposition3 z1 ,he & ,i %all n dispute2 =1 if he has any *oice1 ,i %all readily grant x4 ,,ii4 ,a disjunctive conjunction is a conjunction t d5otes opposition ( mean+3 z1 ,?\gh he 7 dead1 yet %all he live4--,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,be n fai?less1 b believ+4--,id4 ,,iii4 ,! corresponsive conjunctions are ^? :i* are us$ 9 pairs1 s t "o ref]s or answ]s to ! o!r3 z1 ,john came nei!r eat+ nor dr9k+4--,matt41 xi1 #ah4 ,b if ,i ca/ out devils by ! ,_s ( ,god1 !n ! k+dom ( ,god is come unto y4--,ib41 xii1 #bh4 ,,obs4--,n all t]ms :i* /& 9 ! relation ( correspond5ts1 or corresponsives1 are !re=e to be reckon$ conjunctions2 nor are bo? words 9 ea* pair always ( ! same "p ( spee*3 "s are adv]bs2 "o or two are adjectives2 & sometimes a conjunction answ]s to a prec$+ adv]b4 ,b1 if a ^w is se5 to be ! m]e precursor1 index1 introductory sign1 or c\nt]p>t1 ( a conjunction1 & has no relation or import :i* %\ld fix x 9 any o!r ( ! t5 classes call$ p>ts ( spee*1 x is1 cle>ly1 a conjunction1--a correspond+ or corresponsive conjunction4 ,x is a ^w us$ prep>atively1 to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,conjunctions4 #a4 ,! ,copulatives2 ,&1 z1 bo?1 because1 ev51 =1 if1 t1 !n1 s9ce1 see+1 s4 #b4 ,! ,disjunctives2 ,or1 nor1 ei!r1 nei!r1 ?an1 ?\gh1 al?\gh1 yet1 b1 except1 :e!r1 le/1 unless1 save1 provid$1 not)/&+1 :]eas4 #c4 ,! ,corresponsives2 ,bo?--&2 z--z2 z--s2 if--!n2 ei!r--or2 nei!r--nor2 :e!r--or2 ?\gh1 or al?\gh--yet4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,by "s writ]s1 ! words1 also1 s9ce1 too1 !n1 !re=e1 & :]e=e1 are plac$ among ! copulative conjunctions2 & z1 s1 /ill1 h[ev]1 & albeit1 among ! disjunctive2 b ,johnson & ,web/] h m>k$ mo/ ( ^! t]ms z adv]bs only4 ,x is p]haps ( little mom5t1 by :i* "n !y are call$2 =1 9 "s in/ances1 conjunctions & conjunctive adv]bs d n diff] v ess5tially4 ,z1 s1 ev51 !n1 yet1 & b1 seem to belong sometimes to ! "o "p ( spee*1 & sometimes to ! o!r4 ,i call !m adv]bs :5 !y *iefly express "t1 mann]1 or degree2 & conjunctions :5 !y appe> to be m]e connectives4 ,z1 yet1 & b1 are g5]ally conjunctions2 b s1 ev51 & !n1 are almo/ always adv]bs4 ,see+ & provid$1 :5 us$ z connectives1 are m prop]ly conjunctions ?an any ?+ else2 ?\gh ,johnson ranks !m ) ! adv]bs1 & ,web/]1 by suppos+ _m awkw>d ellipses1 keeps !m ) ! p>ticiples4 ,examples3 ,= ^! are n drunk51 z ye suppose1 see+ x is b ! ?ird h\r ( ! day4--,acts1 ii1 #ae4 ,! s5ate %all h p[] to adj\rn !mselves1 provid$ su* adj\rnm5t %all n exce$ two days at a "t4--,con/itution ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,,obs4 #b4--,s9ce1 :5 x gov]ns a n\n aft] x1 is a preposition3 z1 ,ha/ ?\ comm&$ ! morn+ s9ce ?y days8--,job4 ,albeit is equival5t 9 s5se to al?\gh1 & is prop]ly a conjunction2 b ?is old comp\nd is n[ ne>ly or q obsolete4 ,z is sometimes a relative pron\n1 sometimes a conjunctive adv]b1 & sometimes a copulative conjunction4 ,example ( ! la/3 ,we pres5t ourselves z petition]s4 ,if z is ev] disjunctive1 x is n s "h2 nor c we p>se x z an adv]b1 because x comes betwe5 two words t are ess5tially 9 apposition4 ,! equival5t ,lat9 t]m quasi is call$ an adv]b1 b1 9 su* a case1 n v prop]ly3 z1 ,et colles quasi pulv]em pones2--,& ?\ %alt make ! hills z *aff4--,isaiah1 xli1 #ae4 ,s ev51 :i* 9 ,engli% is frequ5tly a sign ( emphatic repetition1 seems sometimes to be r a conjunction ?an an adv]b3 z1 ,i1 ev5 ,i1 am ! ,"l4--,isaiah1 xliii1 #aa4 ,,obs4 #c4--,save & sav+1 :5 !y d5ote exception1 are n adv]bs1 z ,johnson d5om9ates !m1 or a v]b & a p>ticiple1 z ,web/] supposes !m to be1 or prepositions1 z ,covell e/eems !m1 b disjunctive conjunctions2 &1 z su*1 !y take ! same case aft] z be=e !m2 z1 ,all ! conspirators1 save only he1 did t !y did1 9 envy ( great ,cs>4--,%ak4 ,all ?is _w's glory seeme? va91 & all _! %[s b %ad[s1 sav+ %e4--,sp5s]4 ,israel burn$ none ( !m1 save ,hazor only4--,jo%ua4 xi1 #ac4 ,& none ( !m 0 cleans$1 sav+ ,naaman ! ,syrian4--,luke1 iv1 #bg4 ,save is n "h a transitive v]b1 = ,hazor 0 n sav$ 9 any s5se1 b utt]ly de/roy$2 nor is ,naaman "h spok5 ( z be+ sav$ by an o!r lep]1 b z be+ cleans$ :5 o!rs 7 n4 ,^! two conjunctions are n[ little us$2 & !re=e ! propriety ( sett+ ! nom9ative aft] !m & treat+ !m z conjunctions1 is ! m apt to be d\bt$4 ,! ,rev4 ,matt4 ,h>rison1 aft] cit+ five examples1 f\r ( :i* h ! nom9ative ) save1 adds1 )\t nam+ ! "p ( spee*1 or assign+ any reason1 ?is decision1 :i* ,i ?9k errone\s3 ,9 all ^! passages1 save requires aft] x ! objective case4 ,8 five examples are ^!3 ,all1 save ,i1 7 at re/1 & enjoym5t4-- ,frank5/e94 ,!re 0 no /rang] ) u1 9 ! h\se1 save we two4--#a ,k+s1 iii1 #ah4 ,& no?+ want+ is1 save %e1 alas6 --,,drummond ( ,haw?ornd54 ,:5 all slept s\nd1 save %e1 :o bore !m bo?4 --,,rog]s1 ,italy1 p4 #ajh4 ,& all 7 gone1 save him1 :o n[ kept gu>d4 --,ibid41 p4 #ahe4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! conjunction if is sometimes us$ 9 ! ,bible to express1 n a supposition ( :at foll[s x1 b an emphatic negation3 z1 ,i h sworn 9 my wra?1 if !y %all ent] into my re/4--,heb41 iv1 #c4 ,t is1 t !y %all n ent]4 ,! same peculi>ity is f\nd 9 ! ,greek text1 & also 9 ! ,lat91 & o!r v]sions4 ,or1 9 ! obsolete phrase1 or ev]1 is n prop]ly a conjunction1 b a conjunctive adv]b ( "t1 mean+ be=e4 ,x is suppos$ to be a corruption ( ere3 z1 ,i 0 set up f ev]la/+1 f ! beg9n+1 or ev] ! e>? 04--,prov41 viii1 #bc4 ,& we1 or ev] he come ne>1 are ready to kill him4--,acts1 xxiii1 #ae4 ,?is t]m d]ives no support f ! orig9al text4 ,,obs4 #e4--,!re are "s peculi> phrases1 or comb9ations ( words1 :i* h ! =ce ( conjunctions1 & :i* x is n v easy to analyze satisfactorily 9 p>s+3 z1 ,& = all !re 7 s _m1 yet 0 n ! net brok54--,john1 xxi1 #aa4 ,"h = all is equival5t to al?\gh1 or not)/&+2 ei!r ( :i* words w\ld h be5 m elegant4 ,nev]!less is compos$ ( ?ree words1 & is usually reckon$ a conjunctive adv]b2 b x might z well be call$ a disjunctive conjunction1 = x is obvi\sly equival5t to yet1 b1 or not)/&+2 z1 ,i am crucifi$ ) ,*ri/3 nev]!less ,i live2 yet n ,i1 b ,*ri/ live? 9 me4--,gal41 ii1 #bj4 ,"h1 = nev]!less & b1 we h 9 ! ,greek ! same p>ticle ,greek3 de4 ,ea* man's m9d has "s peculi>ity1 z well z 8 face4--,locke4 ,relative pron\ns1 z well z conjunctions1 s]ve to connect s5t5ces4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,"h ! fir/ z corresponds to ! second1 b well n be+ us$ 9 ! lit]al s5se ( an adv]b1 "s judici\s gramm>ians take ! :ole phrase z a conjunction4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 susceptible ( division3 z1 ,x is adorn$ ) admirable pieces ( sculpture1 z well mod]n z anci5t4--,addison4 ,,obs4 #f4--,s ! phrases1 = z mu* z1 9 z mu* z1 9 s mu* t1 if tak5 collectively1 h ! nature ( conjunctions2 yet !y conta9 )9 !mselves correspond5t t]ms & sev]al diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4 ,! words are sometimes pr9t$ sep>ately1 & sometimes p>tly toge!r4 ,( late ye>s1 =asmu*1 inasmu*1 insomu*1 h be5 usually comp\nd$1 & call$ adv]bs4 ,!y might z well1 p]haps1 be call$ conjunctions1 z !y 7 by "s ( our old gramm>ians2 = two conjunctions sometimes come toge!r3 z1 ,answ]+ _! que/ions1 z if#cad x 7 a matt] t ne$$ x4--,locke4 ,^! %\ld be at fir/ g5tly treat$1 z ?\gh we expect$ an impo/humation1--,%>p4 ,b !re are _m ?+s :i* we mu/ ackn[l$ge to be true1 not)/&+ t we _c compreh5d !m4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #baa4 ,!re is no diff]5ce1 except t "s are heavi] ?an o!rs4--,we may be playful1 & yet innoc5t2 grave1 & yet corrupt4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aff4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,conjunctions h no grammatical modifications1 & are consequ5tly incapable ( any =mal agreem5t or disagreem5t ) o!r words2 yet _! import z connectives1 copulative or disjunctive1 mu/ be c>efully obs]v$1 le/ we write or speak !m improp]ly4 ,example ( error3 ,prepositions are g5]ally set be=e n\ns & pron\ns4--,wilbur's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,"h & %\ld be or2 because1 al?\gh a preposition usually gov]ns a n\n or a pron\n1 x seldom gov]ns bo? at once4 ,& besides1 ! ass]tion above seems v naturally to mean1 t n\ns & pron\ns are g5]ally prec$$ by prepositions--z gross an error z dullness c\ld inv5t6 ,l4 ,murray also says ( prepositions3 ,!y are1 = ! mo/ "p1 put be=e n\ns & pron\ns4--,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,s ,felton3 ,!y g5]ally /& be=e n\ns & pron\ns4--,analytic & ,prac4 ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,! blund] h[ev] came orig9ally f ,l[?1 & out ( ! foll[+ admirable enigma3 ,prepositions1 /&+ by !mselves 9 con/ruction1 are put be=e n\ns & pron\ns2 & sometimes aft] v]bs2 b 9 ?is sort ( composition !y are *iefly prefix$ to v]bs3 z1 to outgo1 to ov]come4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! opposition sugge/$ by ! disjunctive p>ticle or1 is sometimes m]ely nom9al1 or v]bal3 z1 ,t object is a triangle1 or figure conta9$ "u ?ree "r l9es4--,h>ris4 ,s if we say1 t figure is a sph]e1 or a globe1 or a ball4--,id41 ,h]mes1 p4 #beh4 ,9 ^! cases1 ! disjunction consi/s 9 no?+ b an alt]native ( words2 = ! t]ms connect$ describe or "n ! same ?+4 ,= ?is s5se ( or1 ! ,lat9s _h a peculi> p>ticle1 sive1 :i* !y call$ ,subdisjunctiva1 a ,subdisjunctive3 z1 ,alex&] sive ,p>is2 ,m>s sive ,mavors4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #beh4 ,9 ,engli%1 ! conjunction or is v frequ5tly equivocal3 z1 ,!y 7 bo? m anci5t ?an ,zoroa/] or ,z]du%t4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bej2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #big4 ,"h1 if ! read] does n happ5 to "k t ,zoroa/] & ,z]du%t mean ! same p]son1 he w be v likely to mi/ake ! s5se4 ,to avoid ?is ambiguity1 we sub/itute1 79 judicial proce$+s17 ! ,lat9 adv]b alias1 o!rwise2 us+ x z a conjunction subdisjunctive1 9 lieu ( or1 or ! ,lat9 sive3 z1 ,alex&]1 alias ,ellick4--,simson1 alias ,smi?1 alias ,bak]4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,ix4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,n9? ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles1 ,,n\ns1 ,,adjectives1 ,,pron\ns1 ,,v]bs1 ,,p>ticiples1 ,,adv]bs1 & ,,conjunctions4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,n9? ,praxis1 are two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 six = a pron\n1 sev5 = a v]b f9ite1 five = an inf9itive1 two = a p>ticiple1 two 7& sometimes ?ree7 = an adv]b1 two = a conjunction1--& "o = a preposition1 or an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,if ?\ ha/ done a good de$1 boa/ n ( x4--,maxims4 ,if is a copulative conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 #b4 ,a copulative conjunction is a conjunction t d5otes an addition1 a cause1 a consequ5ce1 or a supposition4 ,?\ is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! mascul9e g5d] is t :i* d5otes p]sons or animals ( ! male k9d4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,ha/ done is an irregul> active-transitive v]b1 f d1 did1 do+1 done2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 p]fect t5se1 second p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,an active-transitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action :i* has "s p]son or ?+ = its object4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! p]fect t5se is t :i* expresses :at has tak5 place1 )9 "s p]iod ( "t n yet fully pa/4 #f4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,a is ! indef9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! indef9ite article is an or a1 :i* d5otes "o ?+ ( a k9d1 b n any p>ticul> "o4 ,good is a common adjective1 ( ! positive degree2 comp>$ irregul>ly1 good1 bett]1 be/4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,! positive degree is t :i* is express$ by ! adjective 9 its simple =m4 ,de$ is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple or preposition4 ,boa/ is a regul> active-intransitive v]b1 f boa/1 boa/$1 boa/+1 boa/$2 f\nd 9 ! imp]ative mood1 pres5t t5se1 second p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,a regul> v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,an active-intransitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action :i* has no p]son or ?+ = its object4 #d4 ,! imp]ative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* is us$ 9 comm&+1 exhort+1 entreat+1 or p]mitt+4 #e4 ,! pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place4 #f4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,n is an adv]b or mann]1 express+ negation4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 #b4 ,adv]bs ( mann] are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,h[8 or1 by affirm+1 d5y+1 or d\bt+1 %[ h[ a subject is reg>d$4 ,( is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,x is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,9 all gratifications1 disgu/ ev] lies ne>e/ to ! highe/ pleasures2 & !re=e let u n m>vel1 if ?is is peculi>ly ! case 9 eloqu5ce4 ,by glanc+ at ei!r poets or orators1 we may easily satisfy ourselves1 t nei!r a poem nor an oration :i* aims cont9ually at :at is f9e1 %[y1 & sp>kl+1 c please u long4 ,:]e=e1 ?\gh we may wi% = ! frequ5t praise ( hav+ express$ ourselves well & prop]ly1 we %\ld n covet repeat$ applause = be+ bright & spl5did4--,,cic]o1 de ,oratore4 ,! f\ndation ( eloqu5ce1 z well z ( e o!r high atta9m5t1 is practical wisdom4 ,= x happ5s 9 oratory1 z 9 life1 t no?+ is m difficult1 ?an to disc]n :at is prop] & becom+4 ,?r\gh lack ( su* disc]nm5t1 gross faults are v (t5 committ$4 ,= nei!r to all ranks1 =tunes1 & ages1 nor to e "t1 place1 & auditory1 c ! same /yle ei!r ( language or ( s5tim5t be adapt$4 ,9 e "p ( a disc\rse1 z 9 e "p ( life1 we mu/ consid] :at is suitable & dec5t2 & ?is mu/ be det]m9$ ) ref]5ce bo? to ! matt] 9 "q1 & to ! p]sonal "* ( ^? :o speak & ^? :o he>4--,,cic]o1 ,orator ad ,brutum4 ,s spake ?' ,omnipot5t1 & ) 8 words ,all seem'd well pleas'd2 all seem'd1 b 7 n all4--,milton4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,a squ>e1 ?\gh n m regul> ?an a hexagon or an octagon1 is m beautiful ?an ei!r3 = :at reason1 b t a squ>e is m simple1 & ! att5tion is less divid$8--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #age4 ,we see ! mat]ial univ]se 9 motion2 b matt] is in]t2 &1 s f> z we "k1 no?+ c move x b m9d3 !re=e ,god is a _s4 ,we d n mean t 8 nature is ! same z t ( our s\l2 = x is inf9itely m excell5t4 ,b we mean1 t he possesses intellig5ce & active p[] 9 supreme p]fection2 &1 z ^! qualities d n belong to matt]1 :i* is nei!r active nor intellig5t1 we mu/ ref] !m to t :i* is n matt]1 b m9d4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #baj4 ,m5 are g5]ally p]mitt$ to publi% books1 & contradict o!rs1 & ev5 !mselves1 z !y please1 ) z little dang] ( be+ confut$1 z ( be+ und]/ood4--,boyle4 ,common reports1 if ridicul\s r ?an dang]\s1 are be/ refut$ by neglect4--,kames's ,?9k+1 p4 #gf4 ,no man is s fooli%1 b t he may give good c\nsel at a "t2 no man s wise1 b he may err1 if he take no c\nsel b 8 own4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,"y heads are giddy1 & "y he>ts are w>m1 ,& make mi/akes = manhood to re=m4--,c[p]4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,! ,n\ns d5ote sub/ances1 & ^? ei!r natural1 artificial1 or ab/ract4 ,!y moreov] d5ote ?+s ei!r g5]al1 or special1 or p>ticul>4 ,! ,pron\ns1 _! sub/itutes1 are ei!r prepositive1 or subjunctive4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #he4 ,9 a ?\ght1 g5]ally speak+1 !re is at lea/ "o capital object consid]$ z act+ or z suff]+4 ,?is object is express$ by a sub/antive n\n3 its action is express$ by an active v]b2 & ! ?+ affect$ by ! action is express$ by an o!r sub/antive n\n3 its suff]+1 or passive /ate1 is express$ by a passive v]b2 & ! ?+ t acts ^u x1 by a sub/antive n\n4 ,beside ^!1 :i* are ! capital p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 or p]iod1 !re are g5]ally und]p>ts2 ea* ( ! sub/antives1 z well z ! v]b1 may be qualifi$3 "t1 place1 purpose1 motive1 means1 in/rum5t1 & a ?\s& o!r circum/ances1 may be necess>y to complete ! ?\ght4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cd4 ,yet ^? :om pride & dullness jo9 to bl9d1 ,to n>r[ c>es & n>r[ space conf9$1 ,?\gh ) big titles ea* 8 fell[ greets1 ,are b to wits1 z scav5g]s to /reets4--,mallet4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,respect+ ,,conjunctions4 ,a ,v]b is s call$ f ! ,lat9 v]bum1 or ^w4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! conjunction or1 connect+ v]bum & ^w1 supposes ! latt] to be ,lat94 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #g?1 on ! ,classes ( ,conjunctions1 ,! import ( connectives1 copulative or disjunctive1 mu/ be c>efully obs]v$1 le/ we write or speak !m improp]ly4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 or %\ld be *ang$ to a2 ?us1 ,a ,v]b is s call$ f ! ,lat9 v]bum1 a ^w t is1 :i* means1 a ^w4 ,ref]5ces are (t5 m>k$ by lett]s & figures4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bhc4 7#a47 ,a ,conjunction is a ^w :i* jo9s words & s5t5ces toge!r4--,l5nie's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ea2 ,bullions's1 #gj2 ,brace's1 #eg4 7#b47 ,a conjunction is us$ to connect words & s5t5ces toge!r4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #cg4 7#c47 ,a conjunction is us$ to connect words & s5t5ces4--,maund]s ,gram41 p4 #a4 7#d47 ,conjunctions are words us$ to jo9 words & s5t5ces4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #c4 7#e47 ,a ,conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words & s5t5ces4-- ,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #cf2 ,h>t's1 #ib2 ,day's1 #aj4 7#f47 ,a ,conjunction jo9s words & s5t5ces toge!r4--,mack9to%'s ,gram41 p4 #aae2 ,hiley's1 #aj & #ec4 7#g47 ,! ,conjunction jo9s words & s5t5ces toge!r4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #bh4 7#h47 ,conjunctions connect words & s5t5ces to ea* o!r4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ce4 7#i47 ,conjunctions connect words & s5t5ces4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #hj2 ,wells's1 #a/ ,ed41 #aei & #afh4 7#aj47 ,! conjunction is a "p ( spee* us$ to connect words & s5t5ces4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #di4 7#aa47 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words & s5t5ces toge!r4-- ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #cbi4 7#ab47 ,connectives are words :i* unite words & s5t5ces 9 con/ruction4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #abc2 ,improv$ ,gram41 #ha4 ,engli% ,gramm> is mis]ably taught 9 our di/rict s*ools2 ! tea*]s "k b little or no?+ ab\t x4--,taylor's ,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #dh4 ,lea/1 in/ead ( prev5t+1 y draw on ,diseases4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #dj4 ,! def9ite article ! is frequ5tly appli$ to adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative & sup]lative degree4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cc2 ,+]soll's1 #cc2 ,l5nie's1 #f2 ,bullions's1 #h2 ,fisk's1 #ec1 & o!rs4 ,:5 n\ns naturally neut] are conv]t$ into mascul9e & fem99e4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ch4 ,?is =m ( ! p]fect t5se repres5ts an action completely pa/1 & (t5 at no great di/ance1 b n specifi$4--,ib41 p4 #gd4 ,! ,conjunction ,copulative s]ves to connect or to cont9ue a s5t5ce1 by express+ an addition1 a supposition1 a cause1 c4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,! ,conjunction ,disjunctive s]ves1 n only to connect & cont9ue ! s5t5ce1 b also to express opposition ( mean+ 9 diff]5t degrees4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,:e!r we op5 ! volumes ( our div9es1 philosoph]s1 hi/orians1 or arti/s1 we %all f9d t !y ab\nd ) all ! t]ms necess>y to communicate _! obs]vations & discov]ies4--,ib41 p4 #ach4 ,:5 a disjunctive occurs betwe5 a s+ul> n\n1 or pron\n1 & a plural "o1 ! v]b is made to agree ) ! plural n\n & pron\n4--,ib41 p4 #aeb3 ,r4 ,g4 ,smi?1 ,alg]1 ,gomly1 ,m]*ant1 ,picket1 et al4 ,pron\ns mu/ always agree ) _! antec$5ts1 & ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d] & numb]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,v]bs neut] d n act ^u1 or gov]n1 n\ns & pron\ns4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,& ! auxili>y bo? ( ! pres5t & pa/ imp]fect times4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,if ?is rule %\ld n appe> to apply to e example1 :i* has be5 produc$1 nor to o!rs :i* might be adduc$4--,ib41 p4 #baf4 ,an emphatical pause is made1 aft] some?+ has be5 said ( peculi> mom5t1 & on :i* we desire to fix ! he>]'s att5tion4--,ib41 p4 #bdh2 ,h>t's ,gram41 #age4 ,an imp]fect phrase conta9s no ass]tion1 or does n am\nt to a proposition or s5t5ce4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bfg4 ,! ^w 0 9 ! m\? ( e "o1 b = all t1 ! subject may /ill be a secret4--,ib41 p4 #bac4 ,a ^w x 0 9 ! m\? ( e "o1 b = all t1 z to its precise & def9ite idea1 ?is may /ill be a secret4--,h>ris's ,?ree ,treatises1 p4 #e4 ,x _c be o!rwise1 9 reg>d t ! ,fr5* prosody diff]s f t ( e o!r c\ntry 9 ,europe4--,smollett's ,voltaire1 ix1 #cjf4 ,s gradually z to all[ its be+ engraft$ on a subtonic4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #bee4 ,:]e ! ,*elsea or ,maid5 bridges n[ are4--,judge ,p>k]4 ,adv]bs are words jo9$ to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 & o!r adv]bs4--,smi?'s ,productive ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,i c\ld n h told y1 :o ! h]mit 01 nor on :at m\nta9 he liv$4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,am1 or be 7= !y are ! same7 naturally1 or 9 !mselves signify be+4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,words are di/9ct s\nds1 by :i* we express our ?\ghts & ideas4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,8 fe>s w detect him1 b he %all n escape4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,^: is equally applicable to p]sons or ?+s4--,,web/] 9 ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,"o negative de/roys ano!r1 or is equival5t to an affirmative4-- ,bullions1 ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,no soon] does he peep into ,! _w1 b he has done 8 d4--,hudibras4 ,,*apt] ,x4--,,prepositions4 ,a ,preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n3 z1 ,! pap] lies be=e me on ! desk4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! relations ( ?+s to ?+s 9 nature1 or ( words to words 9 disc\rse1 are inf9ite 9 numb]1 if n also 9 v>iety4 ,b j classification may make ev5 inf9ites ! subjects ( sure sci5ce4 ,e relation ( c\rse implies m objects1 & m t]ms1 ?an "o2 = any "o ?+1 consid]$ m]ely 9 itself1 is tak5 indep5d5tly1 ab/ractly1 irrelatively1 z if x _h no relation or dep5d5ce4 ,9 all correct language1 ! grammatical relation ( ! words corresponds exactly to ! relation ( ! ?+s or ideas express$2 = ! relation ( words1 is _! dep5d5ce1 or connexion1 accord+ to ! s5se4 ,?is relation is (t5times imm$iate1 z ( "o ^w to an o!r1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( a preposition2 b x is seldom1 if ev]1 reciprocally equal2 because dep5d5ce implies subord9ation2 & m]e adjunction is a sort ( inf]iority4 ,,obs4 #b4--,to a preposition1 ! prior or antec$5t t]m may be a n\n1 an adjective1 a pron\n1 a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 or an adv]b2 & ! subsequ5t or gov]n$ t]m may be a n\n1 a pron\n1 a pronom9al adjective1 an inf9itive v]b1 or a p>ticiple4 ,9 "s in/ances1 also1 z 9 ! phrases1 9 va91 on high1 at once1 till n[1 = ev]1 by h[ mu*1 until !n1 f !nce1 f above1 we f9d adjectives us$ elliptically1 & adv]bs sub/antively1 aft] ! preposition4 ,b1 9 phrases ( an adv]bial "*1 :at is else:]e a preposition (t5 becomes an adv]b4 ,n[1 if prepositions are conc]n$ 9 express+ ! v>i\s relations ( s _m ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 multipli$1 z ^! relations mu/ be1 by t endless v>iety ( comb9ations :i* may be giv5 to ! t]ms2 & if ! s5se ( ! writ] or speak] is necess>ily mi/ak51 z (t5 z any ( ^! relations are misund]/ood1 or _! t]ms misconceiv$2 h[ %all we e/imate ! importance ( a "r explanation1 & a "r use1 ( ?is "p ( spee*8 ,,obs4 #c4--,! gramm>ian :om ,l[? complim5ts1 z excell+ all o!rs1 9 acut5ess ( inve/igation1 p]spicuity ( explication1 & elegance ( me?od2 & z surpass+ all b ,ari/otle1 9 ! beauty & p]fectness ( 8 philological analysis2 comm5ces 8 *apt] on conjunctions 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,connectives are ! subject ( :at foll[s2 :i*1 accord+ z !y connect ei!r ,s5t5ces or ,words1 are call$ by ! diff]5t ,names ( ,conjunctions ,,or ,prepositions4 ,( ^! ,names1 t ( ! ,preposition is tak5 f a m]e accid5t1 z x commonly /&s 9 connection be=e ! ,"p1 :i* x connects4 ,! "n ( ! ,conjunction1 z is evid5t1 has ref]5ce to its ess5tial "*4 ,( ^! two we %all consid] ! ,conjunction fir/1 because x connects1 n ,words1 b ,s5t5ces4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bcg4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,9 po9t ( ord]1 x is n amiss to treat conjunctions be=e prepositions2 ?\gh ?is is n ! me?od ( ,l[?1 or ( ,murray4 ,b1 to any "o :o is well acqua9t$ ) ^! two p>ts ( spee*1 ! =ego+ passage _c b appe>1 9 ?ree s5t5ces out ( ! f\r1 bo? defective 9 /yle & errone\s 9 doctr9e4 ,x is true1 t conjunctions g5]ally connect s5t5ces1 & t prepositions z g5]ally express relations betwe5 p>ticul> words3 b x is true also1 t conjunctions (t5 connect words only2 & t prepositions1 by gov]n+ antec$5ts1 relatives1 or ev5 p]sonal pron\ns1 may s]ve to subjo9 s5t5ces to s5t5ces1 z well z to det]m9e ! relation & con/ruction ( ! p>ticul> words :i* !y gov]n4 ,example3 ,! pa? seems n[ pla9 & ev51 b !re are asp]ities & pitfalls1 ov] :i* ,religion only c conduct y4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,"h are ?ree simple s5t5ces1 :i* are made memb]s ( "o comp\nd s5t5ce1 by means ( b & ov] :i*2 :ile two ( ^! memb]s1 clauses1 or subdivisions1 conta9 p>ticul> words connect$ by &4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 "o respect1 ! preposition is ! simple/ ( all ! p>ts ( spee*3 9 our common s*emes ( gramm>1 x has nei!r classes nor modifications4 ,e connective ^w t gov]ns an object aft] x1 is call$ a preposition1 because x does s2 & 9 etymological p>s+1 to "n ! preposition z su*1 & def9e ! "n1 is1 p]haps1 all t is necess>y4 ,b 9 syntactical p>s+1 9 :i* we are to omit ! def9itions1 & /ate ! con/ruction1 we ought to expla9 :at t]ms ! preposition connects1 & to give a rule adapt$ to ?is (fice ( ! p>ticle4 ,x is a palpable defect 9 ne>ly all our gramm>s1 t _! syntax conta9s ,,no ,,su* ,,rule4 ,prepositions gov]n ! objective case1 is a rule = ! objective case1 & n = ! syntax ( prepositions4 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m1 is ! pr9ciple = ! latt]2 a pr9ciple :i* we _c neglect1 )\t a %ameful lam5ess 9 our int]pretation2--t is1 :5 we pret5d to p>se syntactically4 ,,obs4 #f4--,prepositions & _! objects v (t5 prec$e ! words on :i* !y dep5d1 & sometimes at a great di/ance4 ,( ?is we h an example1 at ! op5+ ( ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/2 :]e ,(1 ! fir/ ^w1 dep5ds ^u ,s+1 9 ! six? l9e bel[2 = ! mean+ is--,s+ ( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 c4 ,to f9d ! t]ms ( ! relation1 is to f9d ! mean+ ( ! passage2 a v useful ex]cise1 provid$ ! words h a mean+ :i* is wor? kn[+4 ,! foll[+ text has = c5turies af=d$ gr\nd ( dispute1 because x is d\btful 9 ! orig9al1 z well z 9 _m ( ! v]sions1 :e!r ! preposition 9 7i4 e41 9 ! reg5]ation7 ref]s back to h foll[$1 or =w>d to ! la/ v]b %all sit3 ,v]ily ,i say unto y t ye :o h foll[$ me1 9 ! reg5]ation1 :5 ! ,son ( man %all sit 9 ! ?rone ( 8 glory1 ye also %all sit ^u twelve ?rones1 judg+ ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4--,matt41 xix1 #bh4 ,! second 9 is manife/ly wrong3 ! ,greek ^w is ,greek3 epi1 on or ^u2 i4 e41 ^u ! ?rone ( 8 glory4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! prepositions h1 f _! own nature1 or f cu/om1 su* an adaptation to p>ticul> t]ms & relations1 t !y c seldom be us$ "o = an o!r )\t manife/ impropriety4 ,example ( error3 ,prop] seasons %\ld be allott$ = retirem5t4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #agc4 ,we d n say allott$ =1 b allott$ to3 h5ce = is ei!r wrong 9 itself or misplac$4 ,su* errors always vex an intellig5t read]4 ,he sees ! t]ms mismat*$1 ! int5d$ connection d\btful1 ! s5se obscur$1 & wi%es ! au?or c\ld h valu$ 8 own mean+ en\gh to h made x intelligible2--t is1 7to speak te*nically17 en\gh to h made x a c]ta9 clew to 8 syntax4 ,we c nei!r p>se nor correct :at we d n und]/&4 ,did ! writ] mean1 ,prop] seasons %\ld be allott$ to retirem5t8--or1 ,prop] seasons = retirem5t %\ld be allott$8--or1 ,seasons prop] = retirem5t %\ld be allot$8 sic--,,k? ,e expression is incorrigibly bad1 ! mean+ ( :i* _c be kn[n4 ,expression8 ,nay1 expression x is n1 b only a mock utt]ance or an abortive attempt at expression4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,h>ris obs]ves1 9 sub/ance1 ?\gh 9 o!r words1 t almo/ all ! prepositions 7 orig9ally =m$ to d5ote relations ( place2 t ?is class ( relations is prim>y1 be+ t :i* natural bodies ma9ta9 at all times "o to an o!r2 t 9 ! cont9uity ( place ^! bodies =m ! univ]se1 or visible :ole2 t we h "s prepositions to d5ote ! contigu\s relation ( bodies1 & o!rs = ! deta*$ relation2 & t bo? h1 by degrees1 be5 ext5d$ f local relations1 to ! relations ( subjects incorporeal4 ,he appe>s also to assume1 t1 9 su* examples z ! foll[+1--,caius walke? ) a /aff2 --,! /atue /ood ^u a p$e/al2--,! riv] ran ov] a s&2--,he is go+ to ,turkey2--,! sun is ris5 above ! hills2--,^! figs came f ,turkey2--! antec$5t t]m ( ! relation is n ! v]b1 b ! n\n or pron\n be=e x4 ,see ,h]mes1 pp4 #bff & #bfg4 ,n[ ! true antec$5t is1 unque/ionably1 t ^w :i*1 9 ! ord] ( ! s5se1 ! preposition %\ld imm$iately foll[3 & a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 or an adjective1 may su/a9 ?is relation1 j z well z a sub/antive4 ,! man spoke ( col\r1 does n mean1 ,! man ( col\r spoke2 nor does1 ,! memb] f ,delaw>e repli$1 mean1 ,! memb] repli$ f ,delaw>e ,,obs4 #i4--,to make ?is matt] m cle>1 x may be prop] to obs]ve fur!r1 t :at ,i call ! ord] ( ! s5se1 is n always t ord] ( ! words :i* is fitte/ to express ! s5se ( a :ole p]iod2 & t ! true antec$5t is t ^w to :i* ! preposition1 & its object w\ld naturally be subjo9$1 7 !re no?+ to int]f]e ) su* an arrangem5t4 ,9 practice x (t5 happ5s1 t ! preposition & its object _c be plac$ imm$iately aft] ! ^w on :i* !y dep5d1 & :i* !y w\ld naturally foll[4 ,= example3 ,%e hates ! means by :i* %e lives4 ,t is1 ,%e hates ! means :i* %e lives by4 ,"h we _c say1 ,%e hates ! means %e lives by :i*2 & yet1 9 reg>d to ! preposition by1 ?is is really ! ord] ( ! s5se4 ,aga93 ,?\gh ?\ %\lde/ bray a fool 9 a mort> among :eat ) a pe/le1 yet w n 8 fooli%ness dep>t f him4--,prov41 xxvii1 #bc4 ,"h is no transposition to affect our und]/&+ ( ! prepositions1 yet !re is a liability to error1 because ! words :i* imm$iately prec$e "s ( !m1 are n _! true antec$5ts3 ! text does n really speak ( a mort> among :eat or ( :eat ) a pe/le4 ,to :at !n are ! mort>1 ! :eat1 & ! pe/le1 to be m5tally subjo9$8 ,if all ( !m1 to any "o ?+1 x mu/ be to ! action sugge/$ by ! v]b bray1 & n to its object fool2 = ! text does n speak ( a fool ) a pe/le1 ?\gh x does seem to speak ( a fool 9 a mort>1 & among :eat4 ,inde$1 9 ?is in/ance1 z 9 _m o!rs1 ! v]b & its object are s closely associat$ t x makes b little diff]5ce 9 reg>d to ! s5se1 :e!r y take bo? ( !m toge!r1 or ei!r ( !m sep>ately1 z ! antec$5t to ! preposition4 ,b1 z ! in/rum5t ( an action is ) ! ag5t r ?an ) ! object1 if y w h ! sub/antives alone = antec$5ts1 ! natural ord] ( ! s5se mu/ be suppos$ to be ?is3 ,?\gh ?\ ) a pe/le %\lde/ bray a1 fool 9 a mort> & among :eat1 yet w n 8 fooli%ness f him dep>t4 ,?is gives to ea* ( ! prepositions an antec$5t diff]5t f t :i* ,i %\ld assign4 ,sanborn obs]ves1 ,!re seem to be two k9ds ( relation express$ by prepositions1--an exi/+ & a connect+ relation4--,analyt4 ,gram41 p4 #bbe4 ,! latt]1 he adds1 is ! mo/ important4--,ib41 p4 #bbf4 ,b x is ! =m] t admits no?+ b n\ns = antec$5ts4 ,o!rs besides ,h>ris may h adopt$ ?is notion1 b ,i h nev] be5 "o ( ! numb]1 ?\gh a c]ta9 au?or scruples n to *>ge ! error ^u me4 ,see ,o4 ,b ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #afe4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,x is a v common error among gramm>ians1 & ! s\rce ( innum]able discrepancies 9 doctr9e1 z well z "o ( ! *ief means ( ma9ta9+ _! int]m9able disputes1 t !y suppose ellipses at _! own pleasure1 & supply 9 e giv5 in/ance j :at words _! fancies may sugge/4 ,9 ?is "w1 ,i adopt = myself1 & also recomm5d to o!rs1 ! contr>y c\rse ( avoid+ on all occasions ! supposition ( any ne$less ellipses4 ,n only may ! same preposition gov]n m ?an "o object1 b !re may also be m ?an "o antec$5t ^w1 be>+ a jo9t relation to t :i* is gov]n$ by ! preposition4 7#a47 ,examples ( jo9t objects3 ,!re is an insep>able connection ,,betwe5 piety & virtue4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aga4 ,9 ! conduct ( ,p>m5io1 a mixture ,,( wisdom & folly 0 v conspicu\s4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,true happ9ess is an enemy ,,to pomp & noise--,ib41 p4 #aga4 7#b47 ,examples ( jo9t antec$5ts3 ,9 unity consi/ ! welf>e & security ,,( e society4--,ib41 p4 #ahb4 ,x is our duty to be j & k9d ,,to our fell[--creatures1 & to be pi\s & fai?ful ,,to ,him t made u4--,ib41 p4 #aha4 ,if ! au?or did n mean to speak ( be+ pi\s to ,god z well z fai?ful to ,him1 he has writt5 incorrectly3 a comma aft] pi\s1 w\ld alt] bo? ! s5se & ! con/ruction4 ,s ! text1 ,= ,i am meek1 & l[ly 9 he>t1 is commonly p]v]t$ 9 our ,bibles1 = want ( a comma aft] meek4 ,! ,savi\r did n say1 he 0 meek 9 he>t3 ! ,greek may be v lit]ally r5d]$ ?us3 ,= g5tle am ,i1 & humble 9 he>t4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,_m writ]s seem to suppose1 t no preposition c gov]n m ?an "o object4 ,?us ,l4 ,murray1 & 8 foll[]s3 ,! ellipsis ( ! preposition1 z well z ( ! v]b1 is se5 9 ! foll[+ in/ances3 ',he w5t into ! abbeys1 halls1 & public build+s2' t is1 ',he w5t into ! abbeys1 he w5t into ! halls1 & he w5t into ! public build+s4'--',he also w5t ?r\gh all ! /reets1 & lanes ( ! city2' t is1 ',?r\gh all ! /reets1 & ?r\gh all ! lanes1' c4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bai4 ,see ! same int]pretations 9 ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #aee2 ,m]*ant's1 #ajj2 ,picket's1 #baa2 ,alg]'s1 #gc2 ,fi%'s1 #adg2 ,guy's1 #ia2 ,adams's1 #hb2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #ahc2 ,haml9's1 #aje2 ,putnam's1 #aci2 ,weld's1 #bib4 ,n[ x is pla91 t 9 nei!r ( ^! examples is !re any su* ellipsis at all4 ,( ! ?ree prepositions1 ! fir/ gov]ns ?ree n\ns2 ! second1 two2 & ! ?ird1 "o only4 ,b ! la/1 7:i* is (17 has two antec$5ts1 /reets & lanes1 ! comma aft] /reets be+ wrong2 = ! au?or does n speak ( all ! /reets 9 ! _w1 b ( all ! /reets & lanes ( a p>ticul> city4 ,dr4 ,a% has ! same example )\t ! comma1 & supposes x only an ellipsis ( ! preposition ?r\gh1 & ev5 t supposition is absurd4 ,he also furni%$ ! =m] example1 to %[ an ellipsis1 n ( ! v]b w5t1 b only ( ! preposition into2 & 9 ?is too he 0 utt]ly wrong4 ,see ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,bicknell also1 ^: gramm> appe>$ five ye>s be=e ,murray's1 confess$ly copi$ ! same examples f ,a%2 & repeat$1 n ! v]b & its nom9ative1 b only ! prepositions ?r\gh & into1 agreeably to ,a%'s errone\s notion4 ,see 8 ,grammatical ,wrea?1 ,"p i1 p4 #abd4 ,aga9 ! pr9ciples ( ,murray's suppos$ ellipses1 are z inconsi/5t ) ea* o!r1 z !y are sev]ally absurd4 ,_h ! au?or expla9$ ! second example accord+ to 8 notion ( ! fir/1 he %\ld h made x to mean1 ',he also w5t ?r\gh all ! /reets ( ! city1 & he also w5t ?r\gh all ! lanes ( ! city4' ,:at a pretty idea is ?is = a pr9ciple ( gramm>6 ,& :at a multitude ( admir]s are pret5d+ to c>ry x out 9 p>s+6 ,"o ( ! late/ writ]s on gramm> says1 t1 ,betwe5 him & me signifies1 ,betwe5 him1 & betwe5 me6--,wright's ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #bjf4 ,& an o!r absurdly resolves a simple s5t5ce into a comp\nd "o1 ?us3 ',!re 0 a difficulty betwe5 ,john1 & 8 bro!r4' ,t is1 !re 0 a difficulty betwe5 ,john1 & !re 0 a difficulty betwe5 8 bro!r4--,james ,br[n's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #abg2 & aga91 p4 #acj4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,two prepositions are n unfrequ5tly connect$ by a conjunction1 & t = diff]5t purposes1 ?us3 7#a47 ,to express two diff]5t relations at once2 z1 ,! picture ( my travels 9 & ar\nd ,mi*igan4--,society 9 ,am]ica1 i1 #bca4 7#b47 ,to sugge/ an alt]native 9 ! relation affirm$2 z1 ,! action w be fully accompli%$ at or be=e ! "t4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #gb4 ,aga93 ,! ,fir/ ,future ,t5se repres5ts ! action z yet to come1 ei!r ) or )\t respect to ! precise "t4--,ib42 & ,felton's ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,) & )\t be+ direct opposites1 ?is alt]native is a ?+ ( c\rse1 & ! phrase is an idle truism4 7#c47 ,to express two relations s z to affirm ! "o & d5y ! o!r2 z1 ,capta91 y\rself are ! fitte/ to live & reign n ov]1 b next & imm$iately "u ! p4--,dryd54 ,"h1 p]haps1 ! p may be und]/ood aft] ov]4 7#d47 ,to sugge/ a m]e alt]native ( words2 z1 ,,negatively1 adv4 ,) or by d5ial4--,web/]'s ,dict4 7#e47 ,to add a simil> ^w1 = aid or =ce2 z1 ,h5ce adv]bs ( "t 7 necess>y1 ov] & above ! t5ses4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,to take effect f & aft] ! fir/ day ( ,may4--,newspap]4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,9 "s in/ances1 two prepositions come directly toge!r1 s z jo9tly to express a sort ( comp\nd relation betwe5 :at prec$es ! "o & :at foll[s ! o!r3 z1 ,& !y %all sev] ! wick$ f among ! j4--,matt41 xiii1 #di4 ,moses br\ght out all ! rods f be=e ! ,"l4--,numb41 xvii1 #i4 ,come out f among !m4--#b ,cor41 vi1 #ag4 ,f ,judea1 & f beyond ,jordan4--,matt4 iv1 #be4 ,nor a lawgiv] f betwe5 8 feet4--,g541 xlix1 #aj4 ,?us ! preposition f1 be+ itself adapt$ to ! ideas ( motion & sep>ation1 easily co9cides ) any preposition ( place1 to express ?is sort ( relation2 ! t]ms h[ev] h a limit$ application1 be+ us$ only betwe5 a v]b & a n\n1 because ! relation itself is betwe5 motion & ! place ( its beg9n+3 z1 ,! s& slid$ f b5ea? my feet4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,9 ?is mann]1 we may =m complex prepositions beg9n+ ) f1 to ! numb] ( ab\t ?irty2 z1 f amid/1 f ar\nd1 f be=e1 f beh9d1 c4 ,besides ^!1 !re are sev]al o!rs1 ( a m que/ionable "*1 :i* are sometimes ref]r$ to ! same class2 z1 accord+ to1 z to1 z =1 because (1 in/ead (1 (f (1 out (1 ov] aga9/1 & r\nd ab\t4 ,mo/ or all ( ^! are sometimes resolv$ 9 a diff]5t way1 ^u ! assumption t ! =m] ^w is an adv]b2 yet we occasionally f9d "s ( !m comp\nd$ by ! hyph53 z1 ,pompey's lieut5ants1 ,afranius & ,petreius1 :o lay ov]-aga9/ him1 decamp sudd5ly4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,argum5t to ,b4 iv4 ,b ! common fa%ion is1 to write !m sep>ately2 z1 ,"o ?+ is set ov] aga9/ an o!r4--,bible4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,x is n easy to fix a pr9ciple by :i* prepositions may 9 all cases be di/+ui%$ f adv]bs4 ,! latt]1 we say1 d n gov]n ! objective case2 & if we add1 t ! =m] d sev]ally require "s object aft] !m1 x is cle> t any ^w :i* prec$es a preposition1 mu/ ne$s be some?+ else ?an a preposition4 ,b ?is de/roys all ! doctr9e ( ! prec$+ p>agraph1 & admits ( no su* ?+ z a complex preposition2 :]eas t doctr9e is ackn[l$g$1 to "s ext5t or o!r1 by e "o ( our gramm>ians1 n except+ ev5 ^? ^: c\nt]-ass]tions leave no room = x4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 ,i see no bett] way1 ?an to ref] ! /ud5t to ! def9itions ( ^! p>ts ( spee*1 to exhibit examples 9 all ne$ful v>iety1 & !n let him judge = himself :at disposition ought to be made ( ^? words :i* diff]5t gramm>ians p>se diff]5tly4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,if our prepositions 7 to be divid$ into classes1 ! mo/ useful di/9ction w\ld be1 to divide !m into ,s+le & ,d\ble4 ,! di/9ction :i* "s writ]s make1 :o divide !m into ,sep>able & ,insep>able1 is ( no use at all 9 p>s+1 because ! latt] are m]e syllables2 & ! idea ( ,s4 ,r4 ,hall1 :o divides !m into ,possessive & ,relative1 is positively absurd2 = he c %[ u only "o ( ! =m] k9d1 & t "o1 7! ^w (17 is n always su*4 ,a ,d\ble ,preposition1 if su* a ?+ is admissible1 is "o t consi/s ( two words :i* 9 syntactical p>s+ mu/ be tak5 toge!r1 because !y jo9tly express ! relation betwe5 two o!r t]ms2 z1 ,! wat]s 7 dri$ up f (f ! e>?4--,g541 viii1 #ac4 ,! cl]gy kept ?is *>ge f (f u4--,leslie1 on ,ti!s1 p4 #bba4 ,confid5ce 9 an unfai?ful man 9 "t ( tr\ble1 is l a brok5 too?1 & a foot out ( jo9t4--,prov41 xxv1 #ai4 ,! beam out ( ! timb] %all answ] x4--,hab41 ii1 #aa4 ,(f & out are mo/ commonly adv]bs1 b nei!r ( !m c be call$ an adv]b "h4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,aga91 if accord+ to or z to is a preposition1 !n is accord+ or z a preposition also1 al?\gh x does n ( itself gov]n ! objective case4 ,z1 ?us us$1 is call$ a conjunction by "s1 an adv]b by o!rs4 ,dr4 ,web/] consid]s accord+ to be always a p>ticiple1 & expressly says1 ,x is nev] a preposition4--,octavo ,dict4 ,! foll[+ is an in/ance 9 :i*1 if x is n a preposition1 x is a p>ticiple3 ,?is is a con/ruction n accord+ to ! rules ( gramm>4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bb4 ,b accord+ to & contr>y to are express$ 9 ,lat9 & ,greek by s+le prepositions2 & if to alone is ! preposition 9 ,engli%1 !n bo? accord+ & contr>y mu/1 9 _m in/ances1 be adv]bs4 ,example3 ,= do/ ?\ sit z judg+ me accord+ to ! law1 & contr>y to law comm& me to be smitt58 7,see ! ,greek ( ,acts1 xxiii1 #c47 ,contr>y1 ?\gh lit]ally an adjective1 is (t5 made ei!r an adv]b1 or a "p ( a complex preposition1 unless ! gramm>ians are g5]ally 9 error respect+ x3 z1 ,ha d>es n act contr>y to 8 in/ructions4-- ,murray's ,key1 p4 #agi4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,j4 ,w4 ,wright1 ) "s appe>ance ( analogy on 8 side1 b none ( usage1 ev]y:]e adds ly to ! que/ionable ^w accord+2 z1 ,we are usually e/imat$ accord+ly to our company4-- ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,accord+ly to ! =ms 9 :i* !y are employ$4--,ib41 p4 #acg4 ,accord+ly to ! above pr9ciples1 ! adjective ,,accord+ 7or agreeable7 is frequ5tly1 b improp]ly1 sub/itut$ = ! adv]b ,,accord+ly 7or agreeably47--,ib41 p4 #ade4 ,! ^w contr>y he does n notice2 b1 on ! same pr9ciple1 he w\ld d\btless say1 ,he d>es n act contr>ily to 8 in/ructions4 ,we say inde$1 ,he act$ agreeably to 8 in/ructions2--& n1 ,he act$ agreeable to 8 in/ructions4 ,x mu/ also be admitt$1 t ! adv]bs accord+ly & contr>ily are bo? ( !m good ,engli% words4 ,if ^! 7 adopt$1 :]e ! "* ( accord+ & contr>y is disputable1 !re w\ld inde$ be no long] any occasion to call ^! latt] ei!r adv]bs or prepositions4 ,b ! fact is1 t no good writ]s h yet pref]r$ !m1 9 su* phrases2 & ! adv]bial end+ ly gives an additional syllable to a ^w t seems already q too long4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,in/ead is reckon$ an adv]b by "s1 a preposition by o!rs2 & a few write in/ead-( ) a ne$less hyph54 ,! be/ way ( settl+ ! grammatical "q respect+ ?is t]m1 is1 to write ! n\n /ead z a sep>ate ^w1 gov]n$ by 94 ,bat+ ! respect t is due to anomal\s usage1 !re w\ld be m propriety 9 comp\nd+ 9 que/ (1 9 lieu (1 & _m simil> phrases4 ,= /ead is n always foll[$ by (1 nor always prec$$ by 91 nor always made "p ( a comp\nd4 ,we say1 9 our /ead1 9 y\r /ead1 9 _! /ead1 c42 b lieu1 :i* has ! same mean+ z /ead1 is mu* m limit$ 9 con/ruction4 ,examples3 ,9 ! /ead ( s9n]s1 ,he1 a div9e & human p]son1 suff]$4--,b>nes's ,notes4 ,*ri/ suff]$ 9 ! place & /ead ( s9n]s4--,ib4 ,=1 9 its prim>y s5se1 is pro1 loco alt]ius1 9 ! /ead or place ( ano!r4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,if x may /& him m 9 /ead to lie4 --,milt41 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 i1 l4 #dgc4 ,b "h ?y sword c d !e little /ead4 --,id41 ,comus1 l4 #faa4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,f =? & f out are two poetical phrases1 app>5tly synonym\s1 9 :i* !re is a fanciful transposition ( ! t]ms1 & p]haps a *ange ( =? & out f adv]bs to prepositions4 ,ea* phrase is equival5t 9 mean+ to out ( or out f4 ,=?1 "u o!r circum/ances1 is nev] a preposition2 ?\gh out1 p]haps1 may be4 ,we speak z famili>ly ( go+ out doors1 z ( go+ up /airs1 or d[n cell>4 ,h5ce f out may be p>s$ z a complex preposition1 ?\gh ! o!r phrase %\ld seem to be a m]e example ( hyp]baton3 ,i saw f out ! wave h] /ructures rise4--,byron4 ,peep+ f =? _! alleys gre54--,coll9s4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,out ( & z to1 says "o gramm>ian1 are prop]ly prepositions1 al?\gh !y are d\ble words4 ,!y may be call$ comp\nd prepositions4--,coop]'s ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,i h call$ ! complex prepositions d\ble r ?an comp\nd1 because sev]al ( ! s+le prepositions are comp\nd words2 z1 into1 not)/&+1 ov]?w>t1 ?r\gh\t1 ^u1 )91 )\t4 ,& ev5 "s ( ^! may foll[ ! preposition f2 z1 ,if he %all h remov$ f )9 ! limits ( ?is /ate4 ,b 9 & to1 up & on1 ) & 91 are n always comp\nd$ :5 !y come toge!r1 because ! s5se may positively dem& t ! =m] be tak5 z an adv]b1 & ! latt] only z a preposition3 z1 ,i w come 9 to him1 & w sup ) him4--,rev41 iii1 #bj4 ,a /atue ( ,v5us 0 set up on ,m\nt ,calv>y4--,m',ilva9e's ,lectures1 p4 #ccb4 ,! tr\bles :i* we meet ) 9 ! _w4--,blair4 ,& ev5 two prepositions may be br\ght toge!r )\t union or coalesc5ce2 because ! object ( ! fir/ "o may be express$ or und]/ood be=e x3 z1 ,! man :om y spoke )9 ! /reet2--,! treatm5t y compla9 ( on ?is occasion2--,! h\se t y live 9 9 ! summ]2--,su* a dress z %e _h on 9 ! ev5+4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,"s gramm>ians assume1 t1 ,two prepositions 9 imm$iate succession require a n\n to be und]/ood betwe5 !m2 z1 ',h>d by1 a cottage *imney smokes1 ,f betwixt two ag$ oaks4'--',! m+l+ notes came s(t5$ f bel[4'--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #aje4 ,?is au?or w\ld probably und]/& "h--,f ! space betwixt two ag$ oaks2--came s(t5$ f ! region bel[ u4 ,b he did n consid] all ! examples t are includ$ 9 8 proposition2 nor did he rightly reg>d ev5 ^? :i* he cites4 ,! doctr9e w be f\nd a v awkw>d "o 9 practice2 & an o!r objection to x is1 t mo/ ( ! ellipses :i* x supposes1 are entirely imag9>y4 ,if !re 7 tru? 9 8 assumption1 ! comp\nd+ ( prepositions w\ld be positively preclud$4 ,! t]ms ov]-aga9/ & r\nd-ab\t are sometimes writt5 ) ! hyph51 & p]haps x w\ld be well if all ! complex prepositions 7 regul>ly comp\nd$2 b1 z ,i be=e sugge/$1 su* is n ! pres5t fa%ion ( writ+ !m1 & ! g5]al usage is n to be controll$ by :at any individual may ?9k4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,in/ances may1 d\btless1 occur1 9 :i* ! object ( a preposition is suppress$ by ellipsis1 :5 an o!r preposition foll[s1 s z to br+ toge!r two t d n d5ote a comp\nd relation1 & d n1 9 any wise1 =m "o complex preposition4 ,( su* suppression1 ! foll[+ is an example2 &1 ,i ?9k1 a d\ble "o3 ,!y take pron\ns aft] in/ead ( be=e !m4--,f[l]1 ,e4 ,gram41 #eba4 ,?is may be int]pret$ to mean1 & probably does mean--,!y take pron\ns aft] !m 9 /ead ( tak+ !m be=e !m4 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,9 "s in/ances1 ! words 91 on1 (1 =1 to1 )1 & o!rs commonly reckon$ prepositions1 are us$ aft] inf9itives or p>ticiples1 9 a sort ( adv]bial con/ruction1 because !y d n gov]n any objective2 yet n exactly 9 ! usual s5se ( adv]bs1 because !y evid5tly express ! relation betwe5 ! v]b or p>ticiple & a nom9ative or objective go+ be=e4 ,examples3 ,h\ses are built to live 91 & n to look on2 !re=e let use be pref]r$ be=e uni=mity1 except :]e bo? may be _h4--,ld4 ,kames4 ,^! are n my/]ies = ord9>y read]s to be let into4--,,addison3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,let4 ,heav5 is wor? dy+ =1 ?\gh e>? is n wor? liv+ =4--,r4 ,hall4 ,:at6 h ye n h\ses to eat & to dr9k 98--#a ,cor41 xi1 #bb4 ,?is is a v peculi> idiom ( our language2 & if we say1 ,h ye n h\ses 9 :i* to eat & to dr9k8 we =m an o!r :i* is n mu* less s4 ,greek3 ,greek3 ,m g> oikias ouk e*ete eis to e/hie9 kai p9e92 ,lat93 ,num enim domos non habetis ad m&uc&um et bib5dum8--,leusd54 ,n'avez v\s pas des maisons p\r mang] et p\r boire8--,fr5* ,bible4#cae ,,obs4 #bd4--;,9 ,,obs4 #aj?1 ( ,*apt] ,f\r?1 on ,adjectives1 x 0 %[n t words ( place1 7su* z1 above1 bel[1 b5ea?1 "u1 & ! l17 are sometimes set be=e n\ns 9 ! "* ( adjectives1 & n ( prepositions3 z1 ,9 ! above li/1--,f ! above li/4--,bullions'1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,to ! class ( adjectives also1 r ?an to t ( adv]bs1 may "s su* words be ref]r$1 :51 )\t gov]n+ ! objective case1 !y are put aft] n\ns to signify place3 z1 ,! way ( life is above to ! wise1 t he may dep>t f hell b5ea?4--,prov41 xv1 #bd4 ,( any ?+ t is 9 heav5 above1 or t is 9 ! e>? b5ea?4--,exod41 xx1 #d4 ,say fir/1 ( ,god above or man bel[1 ,:at c we reason b f :at we "k8--,pope4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,prepositions4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal prepositions1 arrang$ alphabetically3 ,abo>d1 ab\t1 above1 across1 aft]1 aga9/1 along1 amid or amid/1 among or among/1 ar\nd1 at1 a?w>t2--,bat+1 be=e1 beh9d1 bel[1 b5ea?1 beside or besides1 betwe5 or betwixt1 beyond1 by2--,conc]n+2--,d[n1 dur+2--,ere1 except1 except+2--,=1 f2--,91 into2--,mid or mid/2--,not)/&+2--,(1 (f1#caf on1 out1 ov]1 ov]?w>t2--,pa/1 p5d+2--,reg>d+1 respect+1 r\nd2--,s9ce2--,?r\gh1 ?r\gh\t1 till1 to1 t\*+1 t[>d or t[>ds2--,"u1 und]nea?1 until1 unto1 up1 ^u2--,)1 )91 )\t4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,gramm>ians diff] consid]ably 9 _! tables ( ! ,engli% prepositions4 ,nor are !y all ( "o op9ion1 conc]n+ ei!r ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is "p ( spee*1 or ! p>ticul> in/ances 9 :i* ! ackn[l$g$ prop]ties ( a preposition are to be f\nd4 ,"s tea* t1 ,e preposition requires an objective case aft] x4--,l5nie1 p4 #ej2 ,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,9 opposition to ?is1 ,i suppose t ! preposition to may take an inf9itive v]b aft] x2 t ab\t also may be a preposition1 9 ! phrase1 ab\t to write2 t ab\t1 above1 aft]1 aga9/1 by1 =1 f1 91 (1 & "s o!r prepositions1 may gov]n p>ticiples1 z su*2 7i4 e4 )\t mak+ !m n\ns1 or cases27 &1 la/ly1 t aft] a preposition an adv]b is sometimes con/ru$ sub/antively1 & yet is indecl9able2 z1 = once1 f af>1 f above1 at unaw>es4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! writ]s j quot$1 proce$ to say3 ,:5 a preposition does n gov]n an objective case1 x becomes an adv]b2 z1 ',he rides ab\t4' ,b 9 su* phrases z1 ca/ up1 hold out1 fall on1 ! words up1 out1 & on1 mu/ be consid]$ z a "p ( ! v]b1 r ?an z prepositions or adv]bs4--,l5nie's ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ej2 ,bullions's1 p4 #ei2 8 ,analyt4 & ,p4 ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ,bo? ^! s5t5ces are errone\s3 ! "o1 m p>ticul>ly s1 9 expression2 ! o!r1 9 doctr9e4 ,z ! preposition is *iefly di/+ui%$ by its regim51 x is absurd to speak ( x z gov]n+ no?+2 yet x does n always gov]n ! objective case1 = p>ticiples & inf9itives h no cases4 ,ab\t1 up1 out1 & on1 z "h cit$1 are all ( !m adv]bs2 & s are all o!r p>ticles t ?us qualify v]bs1 )\t gov]n+ any ?+4 ,l4 ,murray grossly errs :5 ha assumes t1 ,! di/9ct compon5t p>ts ( su* phrases z1 to ca/ up1 to fall on1 to be> oat1 to give ov]1 c41 are no guide to ! s5se ( ! :ole4 ,surely1 to ca/ up is to ca/ someh[1 ?\gh ! mean+ ( ! phrase may be to compute4 ,by ?is au?or1 & "s o!rs1 all su* adv]bs are absurdly call$ prepositions1 & are also z absurdly decl>$ to be p>ts ( ! prec$+ v]bs6 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aag2 ,w4 ,all5's1 #agi2 ,kirkham's1 #ie2 ,r4 ,g4 ,smi?'s1 #ic2 ,fisk's1 #hf2 ,butl]'s1 #fc2 ,wells's1 #adf4 ,,obs4 #c--;,9 comp>+ ! diff]5t ,engli% gramm>s n[ 9 use1 we (t5 f9d ! prim>y di/9ction ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 & e ?+ t dep5ds ^u x1 greatly p]plex$ by ! fanci$ ellipses1 & =c$ con/ructions1 to :i* _! au?ors resort4 ,?us ,kirkham3 ,prepositions are sometimes errone\sly call$ adv]bs1 :5 _! n\ns are und]/ood4 ',he rides ab\t2' t is1 ab\t ! t[n1 c\ntry1 or some?+ else4 ',%e 0 ne> ! act or mis=tune ( fall+2' ',b d n aft] t "t or ev5t lay ! blame on me4' ',he came d[n ! asc5t f ! hill2' ',!y lift$ him up ! asc5t out ( ! pit4' ',! angels above2'--above u--',above ^! l[] heav5s1 to u invisible1 or dimly se54'--,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,! errors ( ?is passage are almo/ z num]\s z ! words2 & ^? to :i* ! doctr9e leads are absolutely innum]able4 ,t up & d[n1 ) v]bs ( motion1 imply asc5t & desc5t1 z wisely & fooli%ly imply wisdom & folly1 is n to be d5i$2 b ! grammatical ba?os ( com+ d[n ! asc5t f ! hill ( sci5ce1 %\ld />tle ^? ^: faces are direct$ upw>d6 ,d[nw>d asc5t is a movem5t wor?y only ( ,kirkham1 & 8 ,iri% rival1 ,joseph ,w4 ,wright4 ,! brackets "h us$ are ,kirkham's1 n m9e4 ,,obs4 #d4--,"s ( ! prepositions1 says ,l4 ,murray1 h ! appe>ance & effect ( conjunctions3 z1 ',aft] _! prisons 7 ?r[n op51' c4 ',be=e ,i die2' ',!y made ha/e to be prep>$ aga9/ _! fri5ds arriv$3' b if ! n\n "t1 :i* is und]/ood1 be add$1 !y w lose _! conjunctive =m3 z1 ',aft] ! "t :5 _! prisons1' c4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aai4 ,"h1 aft]1 be=e1 & aga9/1 are nei!r conjunctions nor prepositions1 b conjunctive adv]bs ( "t1 ref]r+ to ! v]bs :i* foll[ !m1 & also1 :5 ! s5t5ces are complet$1 to o!rs antec$5t4 ,! awkw>d addition ( ! "t :51 is a %e] p]v]sion4 ,if aft]1 be=e1 & ! l1 c ev] be adv]bs1 !y are s "h1 & n conjunctions1 or prepositions4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,b ! great ,compil] proce$s3 ,! prepositions1 aft]1 be=e1 above1 b5ea?1 & sev]al o!rs1 sometimes appe> to be adv]bs1 & may be s consid]$3 z1 ',!y _h _! rew>d soon aft]2' ',he di$ n long be=e2' ',he dwells above2' b if ! n\ns "t & place be add$1 !y w lose _! adv]bial =m3 z1 ',he di$ n long be=e t "t1' c4--,ib4 ,n[1 ,i say1 :5 any ( ! =ego+ words appe> to be adv]bs1 !y are adv]bs1 &1 if adv]bs1 !n n prepositions4 ,b to consid] prepositions to be adv]bs1 z ,murray "h does1 or seems to d2 & to suppose ! ,,n\ns "t ,,& place to be und]/ood 9 ! sev]al examples "h cit$1 z he also does1 or seems to d2 are s+ly su* absurdities z no gramm>ian %\ld fail to detect1 & toge!r su* a knot ( blund]s1 z ought to be wond]$ at1 ev5 9 ! ,compil]'s humble/ copyi/4 ,9 ! foll[+ text1 !re is nei!r preposition nor ellipsis3 ,above1 bel[1 )\t1 )91 ar\nd1 ,confus'd1 unnumb]'d multitudes are f\nd4--,pope1 on ,fame4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,x comports ) ! "n & design ( ?is "w1 :i* is a broad synopsis ( grammatical criticism1 to notice "h "o o!r absurdity2 namely1 ! doctr9e ( s5t5tial n\ns4 ,!re is some?+ ( ?is 9 sev]al late gramm>s3 z1 ,! prepositions1 aft]1 be=e1 ere1 s9ce1 till1 & until1 frequ5tly gov]n s5t5tial n\ns2 & aft]1 be=e1 s9ce1 not)/&+1 & "s o!rs1 frequ5tly gov]n a n\n or pron\n und]/ood4 ,a preposition gov]n+ a s5t5tial n\n1 is1 by ,murray & o!rs1 consid]$ a conjunction2 & a preposition gov]n+ a n\n und]/ood1 an adv]b4--,j4 ,l4 ,,p>khur/3 9 ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,example3 ',he w1 be=e he dies1 sway ! sceptre4' ,he dies is a s5t5tial n\n1 ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]2 & is gov]n$ by be=e2 be=e he dies1 be+ equival5t 9 mean+ to be=e 8 dea?4--,sanborn1 ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ',aft] !y _h wait$ a long "t1 !y dep>t$4' ,aft] wait+4--,ib4 ,?is la/ solution supposes ! phrase1 wait+ a long "t1 or at lea/ ! p>ticiple wait+1 to be a n\n2 =1 ^u ! au?or's pr9ciple ( equival5ce1 !y _h wait$1 w o!rwise be a s5t5tial p>ticiple--a ?+ h[ev] z good & z classical z ! o!r6 ,,obs4 #g4--;,if a preposition c ev] be ju/ly said to take a s5t5ce = its object1 x is *iefly 9 c]ta9 anci5t expressions1 l ! foll[+3 ,= 9 t he di$1 he di$ unto s9 once2 b 9 t he live?1 he live? unto ,god4--,rom41 vi1 #aj4 ,my ,_s %all n always /rive ) man1 = t he also is fle%4--,g541 vi1 #c4 ,=1 aft] t1 9 ! wisdom ( ,god1 ! _w by wisdom knew n ,god1 x pleas$ ,god by ! fooli%ness ( prea*+ to save !m t believe4--#a ,cor41 i1 #ba4 ,"h1 91 =1 & aft]1 are all foll[$ by ! ^w t2 :i* ,tooke1 ,web/]1 ,frazee1 & "s o!rs1 w h to be a sub/itute1 or pron\n1 repres5t+ ! s5t5ce :i* foll[s x1 & gov]n$ by ! preposition4 ,b t1 9 ?is s5se1 is usually1 & p]haps m prop]ly1 reckon$ a conjunction4 ,& if we take x s1 91 =1 & aft]1 7unless ! latt] be an adv]b17 mu/ ei!r be reckon$ conjunctions also1 or be suppos$ to gov]n s5t5ces4 ,! expressions h[ev] are little us$2 because 9 t is ne>ly equival5t to z2 = t c be bett] express$ by because2 & aft] t1 :i* is equival5t to ,greek3 epeide1 po/quam1 may well be r5d]$ by ! t]m1 see+ t1 or s9ce4 ,be=e t ,philip call$ !e1 is a simil> example2 b t is "h ne$less1 & be=e may be p>s$ z a conjunctive adv]b ( "t4 ,i h "o example m3 ,b1 besides t he attempt$ x =m]ly ) no success1 x is c]ta9 ! ,v5etians keep too wat*ful an eye1 c4--,addison4 ,?is is good ,engli%1 b ! ^w besides if x be n a conjunction1 may z well be call$ an adv]b1 z a preposition4 ,,obs4 #h4--,!re are b few words 9 ! li/ ( prepositions1 t are n sometimes us$ z be+ ( "s o!r "p ( spee*4 ,?us bat+1 except+1 conc]n+1 t\*+1 respect+1 dur+1 p5d+1 & a "p ( ! comp\nd not)/&+1 are lit]ally p>ticiples2 & "s writ]s1 9 opposition to g5]al cu/om1 ref] !m always to _! orig9al class4 ,unlike mo/ o!r prepositions1 !y d n ref] to place1 b r to action1 /ate1 or duration2 =1 ev5 z prepositions1 !y are /ill alli$ to p>ticiples4 ,yet to suppose !m always p>ticiples1 z w\ld ,dr4 ,web/] & "s o!rs1 is impracticable4 ,examples3 ,!y speak conc]n+ virtue4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,"h conc]n+ _c be a p>ticiple1 because its antec$5t t]m is a v]b1 & ! mean+ is1 !y speak ( virtue4 ,!y are b\nd dur+ life4 t is1 durante vit1 life cont9u+1 or1 z long z life la/s4 ,s1 ,not)/&+ ?is1 i4e41 hoc non ob/ante1 ?is n h9d]+4 ,"h ! nature ( ! con/ruction seems to dep5d on ! ord] ( ! words4 ,s9ce he _h succe$$1 not)/&+ !m1 peaceably to ! ?rone4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #ca4 ,?is is a correct ,engli% idiom1 ,dr4 ,l[?'s criticism1 to ! contr>y not)/&+4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,9 ! phrase1 not)/&+ !m1 ! =m] ^w is cle>ly a preposition gov]n+ ! latt]2 b ,dr4 ,web/] d\btless suppos$ ! ^w criticism to be 9 ! nom9ative case1 put absolute ) ! p>ticiple3 & s x w\ld h be51 _h he writt5 n )/&+ z two words1 l non ob/ante2 b ! comp\nd ^w not)/&+ is n a p>ticiple1 because !re is no v]b to not)/&4 ,b not)/&+1 :5 plac$ be=e a nom9ative1 or be=e ! conjunction t1 is a conjunction1 &1 z su*1 mu/ be r5d]$ 9 ,lat9 by tam51 yet1 quamvis1 al?\gh1 or nihilom9us1 nev]!less4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,=1 :5 x signifies because1 is a conjunction3 z1 ,boa/ n ?yself ( to-morr[2 = ?\ kn[e/ n :at a day may br+ =?4--,prov41 xxvii1 #a4 ,= has ?is mean+1 &1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson1 is a conjunction1 :5 x prec$es t2 z1 ,yet = t ! wor/ m5 are mo/ ready to remove1 ,i w\ld wi% !m *os5 by discretion ( wise m54--,sp5s]4 ,! phrase1 z ,i h be=e sugge/$1 is almo/ obsolete2 b ,murray1 9 "o place1 adopts x f ,dr4 ,beattie3 ,= t ^? p>ts ( ! v]b are n prop]ly call$ t5ses4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,h[ he w\ld h p>s$ x1 does n appe>4 ,b bo? words are connectives4 ,&1 f ! analogy ( ^? t]ms :i* s]ve z l9ks to o!r t]ms1 ,i %\ld incl9e to take = t1 9 t1 aft] t1 & besides t1 79 :i* a kn[n conjunction is put la/17 z complex conjunctions2 & also1 to take z =1 z to1 & because (1 79 :i* a kn[n preposition is put la/17 z complex prepositions4 ,b !re are o!r regul> & equival5t expressions t ought 9 g5]al to be pref]r$ to any or all ( ^!4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,sev]al words besides ^? conta9$ 9 ! li/ above1 are 7or h be57 occasionally employ$ 9 ,engli% z prepositions3 z1 ,a1 7*iefly us$ be=e p>ticiples17 abaft1 ad[n1 a=e1 al(t1 alo(1 alongside1 ane>1 anea?1 an5t1 aslant1 aslope1 a/ride1 atwe51 atwixt1 bes\?1 bywe/1 cross1 dehors1 despite1 inside1 left-h&1 maugre1 m9us1 onto1 opposite1 outside1 p]1 plus1 sans1 spite1 ?or\gh1 trav]se1 v]sus1 via1 )al1 )9side4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,! p>ticle a be=e p>ticiples1 9 ! phrases a com+1 a go+1 a walk+1 a %oot+1 c4 & be=e n\ns1 z a-b$1 a-bo>d1 a-%ore1 a-foot1 c4 seems to be a true & g5u9e preposition1 a little disguis$ by famili> use & quick pronunciation4 ,dr4 ,wallis supposes x to be ! preposition at4 ,i r ?9k x is ! preposition on4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fe2 ,*ur*ill's1 #bfh4 ,!re is no ne$ ( suppos+ x to be ei!r4 ,x is n f on2 = 9 ,saxon x sometimes accompani$ on3 z 9 ! phrase1 on weoruld2 t is1 on to ages2 or1 z ,wickliffe r5d]$ x1 into worldis2 or1 z our v]sion has x1 = ev]4 ,see ,luke1 i1 #ee4 ,?is preposition 0 9 use long be=e ei!r a or an1 z an article1 appe>$ 9 its pres5t =m 9 ! language2 &1 = ought ,i c discov]1 x may be z old z ei!r on or at4 ,an1 too1 is f\nd to h _h at times ! s5se & con/ruction ( 9 or on2 & ?is usage is1 beyond d\bt1 old] ?an t :i* makes x an article4 ,on1 h[ev]1 0 an exce$+ly common preposition 9 ,saxon1 be+ us$ almo/ always :]e we n[ put on1 91 into1 ^u1 or among1 & sometimes1 = ) or by2 s1 sometimes1 :]e a 0 aft]w>ds us$3 ?us1 ,:at 9 ! ,saxon ,gospel ( ,john1 is1 ',ic wylle gan on fixo?1' is1 9 ! ,engli% v]sion1 ',i g a fi%+4' ,*ap1 xxi1 v]4 #c4 ,see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fe2 ,*ur*ill's1 #bfi4 ,& a is n[ sometimes equival5t to on2 z1 ,he w\ld h a le>n$ ,univ]sity make ,b>b>isms a purpose4--,b5tley1 ,diss4 on ,phal>is1 p4 #bbc4 ,t is1--on purpose4 ,h[ absurdly !n d "s gramm>ians int]pret ! =ego+ text6--,i g on a fi%+4--,ald5's ,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,i g on a fi%+ voyage or bus9ess4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bba2 ,m]*ant's1 #aja4 ,x may n be improp]1 says ,*ur*ill 9 ano!r place1 to obs]ve "h1 t ! preposition on1 is too frequ5tly pron\nc$ z if x 7 ! v[el a1 9 ord9>y conv]sation2 & ?is corruption is has become s preval5t1 t ,i h ev5 met ) 'laid x a oneside' 9 a p]iodical publication4 ,x %\ld h be5 'on "o side1' if ! expression 7 meant to be p>ticul>2 'aside1' if g5]al4--,new ,gram41 p4 #cde4 ,by ^! writ]s1 a is also suppos$ to be sometimes a corruption ( (3 z1 ,mu* 9 ! same mann]1 ,?omas ( ,becket1 by v frequ5t & famili> use1 became ,?omas ,becket2 & "o ( ! clock1 or p]haps on ! clock1 is writt5 "o o'clock1 b pron\nc$ "o a clock4 ,! phrases ) a be=e a p>ticiple are out ( use 9 ! solemn /yle2 b /ill prevail 9 famili> disc\rse4 ,!y are e/abli%$ by long usage1 & good au?ority2 & !re seems to be no reason1 :y !y %\ld be utt]ly reject$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,mu* 9 ! same mann]1 ,john ( ,nokes1 & ,john ( ,/yles1 become ,john a ,nokes1 & ,john a ,/yles3 & "o ( ! clock1 or r on ! clock1 is writt5 "o o'clock1 b pron\nc$ "o a clock4 ,! phrases ) a be=e p>ticiples1 are out ( use 9 ! solemn /yle2 b /ill prevail 9 famili> disc\rse4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #bfi4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! foll[+ are examples ( ! less usual prepositions1 a1 & o!rs t beg9 ) a3 ,& he set--?ree ?\s& & six hundr$ ov]se]s to set ! p a "w4--#b ,*ron41 ii1 #ah4 ,:o goe? a w>f>e any "t at 8 own *>ges8--#a ,cor41 ix1 #g4 ,& ! mix$ multitude t 0 among !m fell a lu/+4--,num41 xi1 #d4 ,& sweet ,billy ,dimond1 a patt+ 8 hair up4 --,fea/ ( ! ,poets1 p4 #ag4 ,! god fell a laugh+ to see 8 mi/ake4 --,ib41 p4 #ah4 ,y'd h ?\ght 'twas ! bi%ops or judges a com+4 --,ib41 p4 #bb4 ,a place on ! l[] deck1 abaft ! ma9ma/4--,gregory's ,dict4 ,a mom5t gaz$ ad[n ! dale4--,scott1 ,l4 ,l41 p4 #aj4 ,ad[n ,/ra?-,g>tney's valley broad4--,ib41 p4 #hd4 ,= a=e ! h>ve/1 :5 ! bud is p]fect1 c4--,isaiah1 xviii1 #e4 ,:]e ! great lum9>y alo( ! vulg> con/ellations ?ick1--,see ,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #egf4 ,! great lum9>y al(t ! vulg> con/ellations ?ick4--,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,al(t4 ,capta9 ,falcon] hav+ previ\sly gone alongside1 ! ,con/itution4--,newspap]4 ,sev5te5 %ips sail$ = ,new ,engl&1 & abo>d ^! above fifte5 hundr$ p]sons4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ii1 #dbi4 ,!re is a will[ gr[s askant ! brook3 ,or1 z 9 "s editions3 ,!re is a will[ gr[s aslant ! brook4--,,%ak41 ,hamlet1 ,act iv1 #g4 ,aslant ! dew-bright e>?4--,?omson4 ,swift z meteors glide aslope a summ] eve4--,f5ton4 ,anea? ! heavy ra94--,james ,hogg1 ,) 8 magic spectacles a/ride 8 nose4--,m]*ant's ,criticisms4 ,atwe5 8 d[ny w+s be furni%$1 !re4 --,wordswor?'s ,poems1 p4 #adg4 ,& !re a season atwe5 ,june & ,may4 --,ca/le ( ,indol5ce1 ,c4 i1 /4 #b4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,! foll[+ are examples ( r unusual prepositions beg9n+ ) b1 c1 or d2 ,or :]e wild-meet+ oceans boil bes\? ,magellan4--,burns4 ,:]eupon grew t by-^w1 us$ by ! ,iri%1 t !y dwelt by-we/ ! law1 :i* dwelt beyond ! riv] ( ! ,b>r[4--,,davies3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,"h ,johnson calls by-we/ a n\n sub/antive1 & ,web/]1 z improp]ly1 m>ks x = an adv]b4 ,no hyph5 is ne$$ 9 byword or bywe/4 ,! fir/ syllable ( ! latt] is pron\nc$ be1 & ought to be writt5 s1 if bes\? is "r4 ,f ,cephalonia cross ! surgy ma9 ,philtius late arriv$1 a fai?ful swa94 --,pope1 ,odys41 ,b4 xx1 l4 #bcd4 ,& cross _! limits cut a slop+ way1 ,:i* ! twelve signs 9 beaute\s ord] sway4 --,dryd5's ,virgil4 ,a fox 0 tak+ a walk "o night cross a village4--,l',e/range4 ,! enemy _h cut d[n great trees cross ! ways4--,knolles4 ,,dehors1 prep4 ,fr4 ,)\t3 z1 'dehors ! l&4' ,black/one4--,worce/]'s ,dict41 #hvo4 ,y h believ$1 despite too our physical con=mation4--,bulw]4 ,& ,rod]ick %all 8 welcome make1 ,despite old sple51 = ,d\glas' sake4 --,scott1 ,l4 ,l41 ,c4 ii1 /4 #bf4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,! foll[+ quotations illu/rate fur!r ! li/ ( unusual prepositions3 ,& %e w\ld be (t5 weep+ inside ! room :ile ,george 0 amus+ himself )\t4--,anna ,ross1 p4 #ha4 ,sev]al nuts gr[ closely toge!r1 inside ?is prickly cov]+4--,jacob ,abbot4 ,an o!r boy ask$ :y ! pea*/one 0 n outside ! pea*4--,id4 ,z if li/5+ to ! s\nds )9side x4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bad4 ,sir ,knight1 y well might m>k ! m\nd1 ,left h& ! t[n4--,scott's ,m>mion4 ,?us ,butl]1 maugre 8 wick$ int5tion1 s5t !m home aga94--,sewel's ,hi/41 p4 #bef4 ,&1 maugre all t c be said 9 its fav\r4--,/one1 on ,freemasonry1 p4 #aba4 ,&1 maugre ! au?ority ( ,/]ne1 ,i ev5 d\bt its b5evol5ce4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #bi4 ,i ?r\gh ! ample air 9 triumph high ,%all lead ,hell captive maugre ,hell4 --,milton's ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iii1 l4 #bee4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,seaman arose 9 ! morn+1 he f\nd himself m9us 8 coat1 ve/1 pocket-h&k]*ief1 & tobacco-box4--,newspap]4 ,?r[ "s coals onto ! fire4--,,=by3 ,worce/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,onto4 ,fl\r1 at #d p] b>rel4--,pre/on's ,book-,keep+4 ,:i* am\nt1 p] invoice1 to #djjj4--;,ib4 ,to ,smi?s is ! sub/antive ,smi?s1 plus ! preposition to4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #cc4 ,! ,mayor ( ,lynn v]sus ,turn]4--,c[p]'s ,reports1 p4 #hf4 ,slaves 7 import$ f ,africa1 via ,cuba4--,society 9 ,am]ica1 i1 #cbg4 ,p5d+ ! discussion ( ?is subject1 a memorial 0 pres5t$4--,gov4 ,ev]ett4 ,d>ts 8 exp]i5c$ eye & soon trav]se ,! :ole battalion views _! ord] due4--,milton4 ,because1 :5 ?or\gh des]ts va/ ,& regions desolate !y pa/4--,hudibras4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,m9us1 less1 plus1 m1 p]1 by1 v]sus1 t[>ds1 or aga9/1 & vi1 by ! way (1 are ,lat9 words2 & x is n v consi/5t ) ! purity ( our tongue1 to use !m z above4 ,sans1 )\t1 is ,fr5*1 & n n[ he>d ) u4 ,a=e = be=e1 atwe5 = betwe51 trav]se = across1 ?or\gh = ?r\gh1 & )al = )1 are obsolete4 ,)al 0 nev] plac$ be=e its object1 b 0 once v common at ! end ( a s5t5ce4 ,i ?9k x n prop]ly a preposition1 b r an adv]b4 ,x occurs 9 ,%akspe>e1 & s does sans2 z1 ,i did laugh1 sans int]mission1 an h\r by 8 dial4 --,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,i pr'y!e1 :om do? he trot )al8 --,ib4 ,sans tee?1 sans eyes1 sans ta/e1 sans e ?+4 --,ib4 ,,obs4 #af4--,( ! propriety & ! nature ( su* expressions z ! foll[+1 ! read] may n[ judge = himself3 ,9 consid]ation ( :at passes sometimes )9-side ( ^? vehicles4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ecc4 ,wat* ov] y\rself1 & let no?+ ?r[ y (f f y\r gu>d4--,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #ed4 ,! w9d[s brok51 ! door (f f ! h+es1 ! ro( op5 & leaky4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,he 0 always a %rewd obs]v] ( m51 9 & out ( p[]4--,knapp's ,life ( ,burr1 p4 viii4 ,:o _h nev] be5 brok5 9 to ! exp]i5ce ( sea voyages4--,timo?y ,fl9t4 ,& !re came a fire out f be=e ! ,"l4--,leviticus1 ix1 #bd4 ,because eight read]s out ( t51 x is believ$1 =get x4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #cb4 ,fifty days aft] ! ,passov]1 & _! com+ out ( ,egypt4--,watts's ,script4 ,hi/41 p4 #eg4 ,z ! m\nta9s are r\nd ab\t ,j]usalem1 s ! ,"l is r\nd ab\t 8 p4--,psal41 cxxv1 #b4 ,lit]ally1 ',i proce$$ =? f out ( ,god & am come4'--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #afa4 ,b he t came d[n f 7or f out (7 heav54--,ibid4 ,"h none ! la/ fun]eal rights receive2 ,to be ca/ =? ! camp1 is all _! fri5ds c give4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 vi1 #aff4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,x4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,t5? ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ! classes & modifications ( ! ,,articles1 ,,n\ns1 ,,adjectives1 ,,pron\ns1 ,,v]bs1 ,,p>ticiples1 ,,adv]bs1 ,,conjunctions1 & ,,prepositions4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,t5? ,praxis1 are1 two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 six = a pron\n1 sev5 = a v]b f9ite1 five = an inf9itive1 two = a p>ticiple1 two 7& sometimes ?ree7 = an adv]b1 two = a conjunction1 "o = a preposition1 & "o = an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,nev] adv5ture on too ne> an approa* to :at is evil4--,maxims4 ,nev] is an adv]b ( "t4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 #b4 ,adv]bs ( "t are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,:58 ,h[ long8 ,h[ soon8 or1 ,h[ (t58 includ+ ^! :i* ask4 ,adv5ture is a regul> active-intransitive v]b1 f adv5ture1 adv5tur$1 adv5tur+1 adv5tur$2 f\nd 9 ! imp]ative mood1 pres5t t5se1 second p]son1 s+ul> 7or x may be plural7 numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,a regul> v]b is a v]b t =ms ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,an active-intransitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action t has no p]son or ?+ = its object4 #d4 ,! imp]ative mood is t =m ( ! v]b :i* is us$ 9 comm&+1 exhort+1 entreat+1 or p]mitt+4 #e4 ,! pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place4 #f4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,on is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,too is an adv]b ( degree4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 #b4 ,adv]bs ( decree are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,h[ mu*8 ,h[ little8 or to ! idea ( m or less4 ,ne> is a common adjective1 ( ! positive degree2 comp>$1 ne>1 ne>]1 #b4sic--,,k? ne>e/ or next4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,! positive degree is t :i* is express$ by ! adjective 9 its simple =m4 ,an is ! indef9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! indef9ite article is an or a1 :i* d5otes "o ?+ ( a k9d1 b n any p>ticul> "o4 ,approa* is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,to is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,:at is a relative pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4 #b4 ,a relative pron\n is a pron\n t repres5ts an antec$5t ^w or phrase1 & connects diff]5t clauses ( a s5t5ce4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ats ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,is is an irregul> neut] v]b1 f be1 01 be+1 be52 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,a neut] v]b is a v]b t expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b simply be+1 or a /ate ( be+4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( a v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! pres5t t5se is t :i* expresses :at n[ exi/s1 or is tak+ place4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 ,evil is a common adjective1 ( ! positive degree2 comp>$ irregul>ly1 bad1 evil1 or ill1 worse1 wor/4 #a4 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses quality4 #b4 ,a common adjective is any ord9>y epi!t1 or adjective d5ot+ quality or situation4 #c4 ,! positive degree is t :i* is express$ by ! adjective 9 its simple =m4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,my ,"l1 ,i d "h1 9 ! "n ( all ! le>n$ & polite p]sons ( ! nation1 compla9 to y\r ,lord%ip1 z fir/ m9i/]1 t our language is imp]fect2 t its daily improvem5ts are by no means 9 proportion to its daily corruptions2 t ! pret5d]s to poli% & ref9e x1 h *iefly multipli$ abuses & absurdities2 & t1 9 _m in/ances1 x (f5ds aga9/ e "p ( gramm>4--,dean ,swift1 to ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d4 ,swift mu/ be all[$ to h be5 a good judge ( ?is matt]2 to :i* he 0 himself v att5tive1 bo? 9 8 own writ+s1 & 9 8 rem>ks ^u ^? ( 8 fri5ds3 ,he is "o ( ! mo/ correct1 & p]haps he is ! be/1 ( our prose writ]s4 ,inde$ ! ju/ness ( ?is compla9t1 z f> z ,i c f9d1 ha? nev] yet be5 que/ion$2 & yet no effectual me?od ha? hi!rto be5 tak5 to r$ress ! grievance :i* 0 ! object ( x4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 iv4 ,! only prop] use to be made ( ! blemi%es :i* occur 9 ! writ+s ( su* au?ors1 z ,addison & ,swift--au?ors ^: 'faults are ov]balanc$ by high beauties'-- is1 to po9t out to ^? :o apply !mselves to ! /udy ( composition1 "s ( ! rules :i* !y ought to obs]ve = avoid+ su* errors2 & to r5d] !m s5sible ( ! necessity ( /rict att5tion to language & /yle4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bcc4 ,!e1 !re=e1 & ) !e myself ,i weep1 ,= !e & me ,i m\rn 9 angui% deep4--,pope's ,hom]4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,! s\!rn corn] ( ,europe1 compreh5d$ betwe5 ! ?irty-six? & =tie? degrees ( latitude1 bord]+ on ,epirus & ,mac$onia t[>ds ! nor?1 & on o!r sides surr\nd$ by ! sea1 0 inhabit$1 above eighte5 c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 by _m small tribes ( hunt]s & %eph]ds1 among :om ! ,pelasgi & ,hell5es 7 ! mo/ num]\s & p[]ful4--,gillies1 ,gr41 p4 #ab4 ,9 a vigor\s ex]tion ( memory1 ideal pres5ce is exce$+ly di/9ct3 ?us1 :5 a man1 entirely occupi$ ) "s ev5t t made a deep impression1 =gets himself1 he p]ceives e ?+ z pass+ be=e him1 & has a consci\sness ( pres5ce1 simil> to t ( a spectator4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #hh4 ,ea* planet revolves ab\t its own axis 9 a giv5 "t2 & ea* moves r\nd ! sun1 9 an orbit ne>ly circul>1 & 9 a "t proportion$ to its di/ance4 ,_! velocities1 direct$ by an e/abli%$ law1 are p]petually *ang+ by regul> accel]ations & ret>dations4--,ib41 i1 #bga4 ,y may z well g ab\t to turn ! sun to ice by fann+ 9 8 face ) a peacock's fea!r4--,%ak4 ,*4 ,ju/ice4 ,i s5t = y1 :5 !re 7 matt]s aga9/ y = y\r life1 to come speak ) me4 ,fal/aff4 ,z ,i 0 !n advis$ by my le>n$ c\nsel 9 ! laws ( ?is l&-s]vice1 ,i did n come4--,id41 #b4 ,h54 ,,iv1 ,act i1 ,sc4 #b4 ,x is surpris+ to see ! images ( ! m9d /amp$ ^u ! aspect2 to see ! *eeks take ! die ( ! passions & appe> 9 all ! colors ( ?\ght4--,colli]4 ----------,ev5 f out ?y slime ,! mon/]s ( ! deep are made4--,byron4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,) a m9d we>y ( conjecture1 fatigu$ by d\bt1 sick ( disputation1 eag] = k1 anxi\s = c]ta9ty1 & unable to atta9 x by ! be/ use ( my reason 9 matt]s ( ! utmo/ importance1 ,i h long ago turn$ my ?\ghts to an imp>tial exam9ation ( ! pro(s on :i* reveal$ religion is gr\nd$1 & ,i am conv9c$ ( its tru?4--,bp4 ,watson's ,apology1 p4 #fi4 ,! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah1 nor a lawgiv] f betwe5 8 feet1 until ,%iloh come2 & unto him %all ! ga!r+ ( ! p be4--,g541 xlix1 #aj4 ,aga91 ye h he>d t x ha? be5 said by !m ( old "t1 ?\ %alt n =swe> ?yself1 b %alt p]=m unto ! ,"l ?9e oa?s4 ,b ,i say unto y1 ,swe> n at all3 nei!r by heav52 = x is ,god's ?rone3 nor by ! e>?2 = x is 8 foot/ool3 nei!r by ,j]usalem2 = x is ! city ( ! great ,k+4 ,nei!r %alt ?\ swe> by ?y head2 because ?\ can/ n make "o hair :ite or black4--,matt41 v1 #cc--cf4 ,ref9$ mann]s1 & polite behavi\r1 mu/ n be deem$ altoge!r artificial3 m5 :o1 inur$ to ! sweets ( society1 cultivate humanity1 f9d an elegant pleasure 9 pref]r+ o!rs1 & mak+ !m happy1 ( :i* ! pr\d1 ! selfi%1 sc>cely h a conception4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aje4 ,bac*us1 t fir/ f out ! purple grape ,cru%'d ! sweet poison ( misus$ w9e4--,milton4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,respect+ ,,prepositions4 ,n\ns are (t5 =m$ by p>ticiples4--,l4 ,murray's ,index1 ,octavo ,gram41 ii1 #bij4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! relation "h int5d$1 betwe5 are =m$ & p>ticiples1 is n well signifi$ by ! preposition by4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs]vation #g?1 on ?is "p ( spee*1 ,! prepositions h1 f _! own nature1 or f cu/om1 su* an adaptation to p>ticul> t]ms & relations1 t !y c seldom be us$ "o = an o!r )\t manife/ impropriety4 ,?is relation w\ld be bett] express$ by f2 ?us1 ,n\ns are (t5 =m$ f p>ticiples4 ,:at t5ses are =m$ on ! p]fect p>ticiple8--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,:i* t5se is =m$ on ! pres5t8--,ibid4 ,:5 a n\n or pron\n is plac$ be=e a p>ticiple1 indep5d5tly on ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 c4--,ib41 p4 #aej2 ,murray1 #ade2 & o!rs4 ,if ! addition consi/s 9 two or m words4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agf2 ,+]soll's1 #agg4 ,! inf9itive mood is (t5 made absolute1 or us$ indep5d5tly on ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,mur41 p4 #ahd2 ,+41 #bdd2 & o!rs4 ,= ! great satisfaction ( ! read]1 we %all pres5t him ) a v>iety ( false con/ructions4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 ,= y\r satisfaction1 ,i %all pres5t y ) a v>iety ( false con/ructions4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #beh4 ,i %all "h pres5t y ) a scale ( d]ivation4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,^! two mann]s ( repres5tation 9 respect ( numb]4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ae2 ,*ur*ill's1 #eg2 ,!re are c]ta9 adjectives1 :i* seem to be d]iv$ )\t any v>iation f v]bs4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,or disqualify u = receiv+ in/ruction or repro( ( o!rs4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bec4 ,= be+ m /udi\s ?an any o!r pupil ( ! s*ool4--,ib41 p4 #bbf4 ,f misund]/&+ ! directions1 we lo/ our way4--,ib41 p4 #bja4 ,^! p r$uc$ ! great] "p ( ! isl& to _! own p[]4--,ib41 p4 #bfa4cag ,! pr9cipal acc5t di/+ui%es "o syllable 9 a ^w f ! re/4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bcf4 ,j numb]s are 9 unison to ! human m9d4--,ib41 p4 #bih4 ,we mu/ accept ( s\nd in/ead ( s5se4--,ib41 p4 #bih4 ,also1 in/ead = consultation1 he uses consult4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,?is ablative seems to be gov]n$ ( a preposition und]/ood4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bfh4 ,t my fa!r may n he> on't by "s means or o!r4--,ib41 p4 #beg4 ,& besides1 my wife w\ld he> on't by "s means4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,= insi/+ 9 a requisition is s odi\s to !m4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 i1 #bjf4 ,bas$ 9 ! great self-evid5t tru?s ( lib]ty & equality4--,s*ol>'s ,manual4 ,v little k ( _! nature is acquir$ by ! spell+ book4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,!y d n cut x (f3 except 9 a few words2 z1 due1 duly1 c4--,ib41 p4 #bd4 ,:e!r pass+ 9 su* "t1 or !n f9i%$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,x ha? disgu/$ hundr$s ( t confession4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #bfi4 ,b !y h egregi\sly fall5 9 t inconv5i5cy4--,ib41 iii1 #gc4 ,= is n ?is to set nature a "w8--,ib41 i1 #bgj4 ,& surely t :i* %\ld set all its spr+s a-"w1 is ,god4--,,att]bury3 9 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bih4 ,he c\ld n end 8 treatise )\t a panegyric ( mod]n le>n+4--,,temple3 ib41 p4 #aaj4 ,^! are entirely indep5d5t on ! modulation ( ! voice4--,walk]'s ,elocution1 p4 #cjh4 ,x is de> ( a p5ny4 ,x is *eap ( tw5ty p\nds4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bgd4 ,x w be despat*$1 9 mo/ occasions1 )\t re/+4--,locke4 '#j1 ! pa9 ! bliss 9 dy+4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #abi4 ,:5 he is pres5t$ ) ! objects or ! facts4--,smi?'s ,productive ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,i w n[ pres5t y ) a synopsis4--,ib41 p4 #be4 ,! conjunction disjunctive connects s5t5ces1 by express+ opposition ( mean+ 9 v>i\s degrees4--,ib41 p4 #ch4 ,i %all n[ pres5t y ) a few l9es4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram1 p4 #ac4 ,common names ( ,sub/antives are ^?1 :i* /& = ?+s g5]ally4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,adjectives 9 ! ,engli% language admit no v>iety 9 g5d]1 numb]1 or case :atev]1 except t ( ! degrees ( comp>ison4--,ib41 p4 #dh4 ,p>ticiples are adjectives =m$ ( v]bs4--,ib41 p4 #fc4 ,i d love to walk out ( a f9e summ]'s ev5+4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,an ,ellipsis1 :5 appli$ to gramm>1 is ! elegant omission ( "o or m words 9 a s5t5ce4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,! prefix to is g5]ally plac$ be=e v]bs 9 ! inf9itive mood1 b be=e ! foll[+ v]bs x is prop]ly omitt$2 7viz47 bid1 make1 see1 d>e1 ne$1 he>1 feel1 & let2 z1 ,he bid me d x2 ,he made me le>n2 c4--,ib41 ,/]eotype ,edition1 p4 #ia2 ,old ,edition1 #he4 ,! inf9itive sometimes foll[s ?an1 aft] a comp>ison2 z1 ,i wi% no?+ m1 ?an to "k 8 fate4--,ib41 p4 #ib4 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 i1 #ahd4 ,or by prefix+ ! adv]bs m or less1 9 ! comp>ative1 & mo/ or lea/1 9 ! sup]lative4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n4--,ib41 p4 #ag2 ,comly1 #ae4 ,9 monosyllables ! ,comp>ative is regul>ly =m$ by add+ r or er4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,he has p>ticul>ly nam$ ^!1 9 di/9ction to o!rs4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 vi4 ,to revive ! decay+ ta/e ( anti5t ,lit]ature4--,ib41 p4 xv4 ,he f\nd ! greate/ difficulty ( writ+4--,,hume3 9 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aei4 ,& ! te> t is wip'd ) a little address ,may be foll[$ p]haps ) a smile4 ,web/]'s ,am]ican ,spell+-,book1 p4 #gh2 & ,murray's ,e4 ,read]1 p4 #bab4 ,,*apt] ,,xi--,,int]jections4 ,an ,int]jection is a ^w t is utt]$ m]ely to indicate "s /rong or sudd5 emotion ( ! m9d3 z1 ,oh6 alas6 ah6 poh6 p%aw6 avaunt6 aha6 hurrah6 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,( pure int]jections b few are admitt$ into books4 ,unimpassion$ writ+s reject ?is "p ( spee* altoge!r4 ,z words or s\nds ( ?is k9d s]ve r to indicate feel+ ?an to express ?\ght1 !y seldom h any def9able signification4 ,_! use also is s v>iable1 t !re c be no v accurate classification ( !m4 ,"s significant words1 p]haps m prop]ly belong+ to o!r classes1 are sometimes rank$ ) int]jections1 :5 utt]$ ) emotion & 9 an unconnect$ mann]2 z1 /range6 prodigi\s6 inde$6 ,wells says1 ,o!r p>ts ( spee*1 us$ by way ( exclamation1 are prop]ly reg>d$ z int]jections2 z1 h>k6 surpris+6 m]cy6--,s*ool ,gram41 #ahdf1 p4 #aaj4 ,?is is an evid5t absurdity2 because x directly conf\nds ! classes :i* x speaks ( z be+ diff]5t4 ,nor is x "r to say1 ,o!r p>ts ( spee* are frequ5tly us$ to p]=m ! (fice ( int]jections4--,wells1 #ahej1 p4 #abj4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! ^w int]jection comes to u f ! ,lat9 "n int]jectio1 ! root ( :i* is ! v]b int]jicio1 to ?r[ betwe51 to int]ject4 ,int]jections are s call$ because !y are usually ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( disc\rse1 )\t any syntactical connexion ) o!r words4 ,dr4 ,l[?1 9 8 ha/e1 happ5$ to describe !m z a k9d ( natural s\nds ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce2 & ?is /range blund] has be5 copi$ into almo/ e def9ition t has be5 giv5 ( ! ,int]jection s9ce4 ,see ,murray's ,gramm> & o!rs4 ,web/]'s ,diction>y def9es x z1 ,a ^w ?r[n 9 betwe5 words connect$ 9 con/ruction2 b ( all ! p>ts ( spee* none are less frequ5tly f\nd 9 ?is situation4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! foll[+ is a fair sample ( ,smi?'s ,new ,gramm>1--i4e41 ( ,engli% ,gramm> on ! ,productive ,sy/em1--a new ef=t ( quack]y to sc>f up ) cobwebs ! eyes ( common s5se3 ,q4 ,:5 ,i exclaim1 ',oh6 ,i h ru9$ my fri5d1' ',alas6 ,i fe> = life1' :i* words "h appe> to be ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! s5t5ces1 to express passion or feel+8 ,ans4 ,oh6 ,alas6 ,q4 ,:at does int]jection mean8 ,ans4 ,?r[n betwe54 ,q4 ,:at "n1 !n1 %all we give su* words z oh6 alas6 c48 ,ans4 ,,int]jections4 ,q4 ,:at1 !n1 are int]jections8 ,ans4 ,int]jections are words ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( s5t5ces1 to express ! passions or sudd5 feel+s ( ! speak]4 ,q4 ,h[ may an int]jection g5]ally be kn[n8 ,ans4 ,by its tak+ an exclamation po9t aft] x3 z1 ',oh6 ,i h ali5at$ my fri5d4'--,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,( ! int]jection1 ?is au?or gives1 9 8 examples = p>s+1 fifte5 o!r in/ances2 b no?+ c be m obvi\s1 ?an t n m ?an "o ( ! :ole fifte5 /&s ei!r betwe5 s5t5ces or betwe5 ! p>ts ( any s5t5ce6 7,see ,new ,gram41 pp4 #dj & #if47 ,c he be a compet5t gramm>ian1 :o does n "k ! mean+ ( betwe52 or :o1 kn[+ x1 misapplies s v pla9 a ^w8 ,,obs4 #d4--,! ,int]jection1 :i* is idly claim$ by sundry writ]s to h be5 ! fir/ ( words at ! orig9 ( language1 is n[ v con/antly set d[n1 among ! p>ts ( spee*1 z ! la/ ( ! s]ies4 ,b1 = ! "n ( ?is ! la/ ( ! t5 sorts ( words1 "s ( our gramm>ians h adopt$ ! t]m exclamation4 ,( ! old & usual t]m int]jection1 a rec5t writ] ju/ly says1 ,?is "n is pref]able to t ( exclamation1 = "s exclamations are n int]jections1 & "s int]jections are n exclamations4--,,gibbs3 ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ccc4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,! ,,int]jections4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal int]jections1 arrang$ accord+ to ! emotions :i* !y are g5]ally int5d$ to indicate3--#a4 ,( joy2 eigh6 hey6 io6--#b4 ,( sorr[2 oh6 ah6 hoo6 alas6 alack6 lackaday6 welladay6 or welaway6--#c4 ,( wond]2 heigh6 ha6 /range6 inde$6--#d4 ,( wi%+1 e>ne/ness1 or vocative address2 7(t5 ) a n\n or pron\n 9 ! nom9ative absolute27 ,o6--#e4 ,( praise2 well-done6 good6 bravo6--#f4 ,( surprise ) disapproval2 :ew6 hoity-toity6 hoida6 z\nds6 :at6--#g4 ,( pa9 or fe>2 oh6 ooh6 ah6 eh6 ,o de>6--#h4 ,( contempt2 fudge6 pugh6 poh6 p%aw6 pi%6 tu%6 tut6 humph6--#i4 ,( av]sion2 foh6 faugh6 fie6 fy6 foy6#cah--aj4 ,( expulsion2 out6 (f6 %oo6 :ew6 begone6 avaunt6 aroynt6--#aa4 ,( call+ al\d2 ho6 soho6 :at-ho6 hollo6 holla6 hallo6 halloo6 hoy6 ahoy6--#ab4 ,( exultation2 ah6 aha6 huzza6 hey6 heyday6 hurrah6--#ac4 ,( laught]2 ha1 ha1 ha2 he1 he1 he2 te-hee1 te-hee4--#ad4 ,( salutation2 welcome6 hail6 all-hail6--#ae4 ,( call+ to att5tion2 ho6 lo6 la6 law6#cai look6 see6 behold6 h>k6--#af4 ,( call+ to sil5ce2 hu%6 hi/6 :i/6 '/6 aw6 mum6--#ag4 ,( dread or horror2 oh6 ha6 hah6 :at6--#ah4 ,( languor or we>9ess2 heigh-ho6 heigh-ho-hum6--#ai4 ,( /opp+2 hold6 s(t6 ava/6 :oh6--#bj4 ,( p>t+2 f>ewell6 adieu6 good-by6 good-day6--#ba4 ,( kn[+ or detect+2 oho6 ahah6 ay-ay6--#bb4 ,( int]rogat+2 eh8 ha8 hey8#cbj ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,) ! int]jections1 may p]haps be reckon$ hau & gee1 ! imp]ative words ( team/]s driv+ cattle2 & o!r simil> s\nds1 useful "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 b seldom f\nd 9 books4 ,besides ^!1 & all ! =ego+1 !re are sev]al o!rs1 too (t5 he>d1 :i* are unwor?y to be consid]$ p>ts ( a cultivat$ language4 ,! frequ5t use ( int]jections sav\rs m ( ?\ghtlessness ?an ( s5sibility4 ,philosophical writ+ & dispassionate disc\rse exclude !m altoge!r4 ,yet are !re sev]al words ( ?is k9d1 :i* 9 e>ne/ utt]ance1 animat$ poetry1 or impassion$ declamation1 are n only natural1 b exce$+ly expressive3 z1 ,lift up ?y voice1 ,o daught] ( ,gallim2 cause x to be he>d unto ,lai%1 ,o poor ,ana?o?4--,isaiah1 x1 #cj4 ,alas1 alas1 t great city ,babylon1 t mighty city6 = 9 "o h\r is ?y judgem5t come4--,rev41 xviii1 #aj4 ,ah me6 =be>1 returns ! que51 =be>2 ,oh6 talk n1 talk n ( va9 beauty's c>e4 --,odyssey1 ,b4 xviii1 l4 #caj4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,int]jections1 be+ 9 g5]al little else ?an m]e natural voices or cries1 mu/ ( c\rse be adapt$ to ! s5tim5ts :i* are utt]$ ) !m1 & nev] c>elessly conf\nd$ "o ) an o!r :5 we express !m on pap]4 ,! adv]b ay is sometimes improp]ly writt5 = ! int]jection ah2 z1 ay me6 = ah me6 & /ill (t5] we f9d oh1 an int]jection ( sorr[1 pa91 or surprise1#cba writt5 9 /ead ( ,o1 ! prop] sign ( wi%+1 e>ne/ness1 or vocative address3 z1 ,oh ,happ9ess6 our be+'s end & aim6 --,pope1 ,ess4 ,ep4 iv1 l4 #a4 ,& peace1 oh ,virtue6 peace is all ?y own4 --,id41 ib41 ,ep4 iv1 l4 #hb4 ,oh /ay1 ,o pride ( ,greece6 ,ulysses1 /ay6 ,o cease ?y c\rse1 & li/5 to our lay6 --,odys41 ,b4 xii1 #a #bbb4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ! int]jection are indep5d5ce1 exclamation1 & ! want ( any def9able signification4 ,yet n all ! words or signs :i* we ref] to ?is class1 w be f\nd to co9cide 9 all ^! m>ks ( an int]jection4 ,inde$ ! la/1 7! want ( a rational mean+17 w\ld seem to exclude !m f ! language2 = words mu/ ne$s be significant ( some?+4 ,h5ce _m gramm>ians d5y t m]e s\nds ( ! voice h any m claim to be reckon$ among ! p>ts ( spee*1 ?an ! neigh+ ( a horse1 or ! l[+ ( a c[4 ,!re is "s reason 9 ?is2 b 9 fact ! ref]5ce :i* ^! s\nds h to ! feel+s ( ^? :o utt] !m1 is to "s ext5t in/9ctively und]/ood2 & does con/itute a sort ( significance1 ?\gh we _c really def9e x4 ,&1 z _! use 9 language1 or 9 connexion ) language1 makes x necess>y to assign !m a place 9 gramm>1 x is c]ta9ly m prop] to treat !m z above1 ?an to foll[ ! plan ( ! ,greek gramm>ians1 mo/ ( :om ?r[ all ! int]jections into ! class ( adv]bs4 ,,obs4 #d4--,significant words utt]$ indep5d5tly1 aft] ! mann] ( int]jections1 ought 9 g5]al1 p]haps1 to be ref]r$ to _! orig9al classes2 = all su* expressions may be suppos$ elliptical3 z1 ,ord]6 g5tlem51 ord]6 i4e41 ,come to ord]1--or1 ,keep ord]4 ,sil5ce6 i4e41 ,pres]ve sil5ce4 ,out6 out6 i4e41 ,get out1--or1 ,cle> out6 7,see ,obs4 #e? & #f?1 ^u ,adv]bs47 ,*>ge1 ,*e/]1 *>ge6 ,on1 ,/anley1 on6 ,7 ! la/ words ( ,m>mion4--,scott4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 "s in/ances1 int]jections seem to be tak5 sub/antively & made n\ns2 z1 ,i may sit 9 a corn]1 & cry hey-ho = a husb&4--,%ak4 ,s1 accord+ to ,james ,:ite1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,v]b1 is ! ^w fie1 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,if y d5y me1 fie ^u y\r law4--,,%ak43 ,:ite's ,v]b1 p4 #afc4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,xi4--,,etymological4 ,9 ! ,elev5? ,praxis1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% & def9e ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & ,,all _! classes & modifications4 ,! def9itions to be giv5 9 ! ,elev5? ,praxis1 are1 two = an article1 six = a n\n1 ?ree = an adjective1 six = a pron\n1 sev5 = a v]b f9ite1 five = an inf9itive1 two = a p>ticiple1 two 7& sometimes ?ree7 = an adv]b1 two = a conjunction1 "o = a preposition1 & two = an int]jection4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,o6 soon] %all ! e>? & />s fall into *aos6--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ib4 ,o is an int]jection1 indicat+ e>ne/ness4 #a4 ,an int]jection is a ^w t is utt]$ m]ely to indicate "s /rong or sudd5 emotion ( ! m9d4 #b4 ,! int]jection ( wi%+1 e>ne/ness1 or vocative address1 is ,o4 ,soon] is an adv]b ( "t1 ( ! comp>ative degree2 comp>$1 soon1 soon]1 soone/4 #a4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4 #b4 ,adv]bs ( "t are ^? :i* answ] to ! "q1 ,:58 ,h[ long8 ,h[ soon8 or1 ,h[ (t58 includ+ ^! :i* ask4 #c4 ,! comp>ative degree is t :i* is m or less ?an some?+ contra/$ ) x4 ,%all is an auxili>y to fall4 #a4 ,an auxili>y is a %ort v]b prefix$ to "o ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( an o!r v]b1 to express "s p>ticul> mode & "t ( ! be+1 action1 or passion4 ,! is ! def9ite article4 #a4 ,an article is ! ^w !1 an1 or a1 :i* we put be=e n\ns to limit _! signification4 #b4 ,! def9ite article is !1 :i* d5otes "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4 ,e>? is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,& is a copulative conjunction4 #a4 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction1 & to %[ ! dep5d5ce ( ! t]ms s connect$4 #b4 ,a copulative conjunction is a conjunction t d5otes an addition1 a cause1 a consequ5ce1 or a supposition4 ,/>s is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! nom9ative case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n :i* usually d5otes ! subject ( a f9ite v]b4 ,fall1 or ,%all fall1 is an irregul> active-intransitive v]b1 f fall1 fell1 fall+1 fall52 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 fir/-future t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & plural numb]4 #a4 ,a v]b is a ^w t signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 #b4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4 #c4 ,an active-intransitive v]b is a v]b t expresses an action :i* has no p]son or ?+ = its object4 #d4 ,! indicative mood is t =m ( ! v]b1 :i* simply indicates or decl>es a ?+1 or asks a "q4 #e4 ,! fir/-future t5se is t :i* expresses :at w take place h]eaft]4 #f4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #g4 ,! plural numb] is t :i* d5otes m ?an "o4 ,into is a preposition4 #a4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to express "s relation ( diff]5t ?+s or ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 & is g5]ally plac$ be=e a n\n or a pron\n4 ,*aos is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$4 #b4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s4 #c4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4 #d4 ,! s+ul> numb] is t :i* d5otes b "o4 #e4 ,! neut] g5d] is t :i* d5otes ?+s t are nei!r male nor female4 #f4 ,! objective case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* usually d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>s+4 ,ah6 ,/4 ,an?ony pres]ve me6--,ah--ah--eh--eh6--,:y--:y--aft] all1 y\r h& is n s co-o-o-old1 nei!r4 ,( ! two1 x is r w>m] ?an my own4 ,c x be1 ?\gh1 t y are n dead8 ,n ,i4--,,moli]e3 9 ,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #bcb4 ,i'll make y *ange y\r cuckoo note1 y old philosophical humdrum1 y--,beats him--,i w--,beats him4 ,i'll make y say some:at else ?an1 ',all ?+s are d\btful2 all ?+s are unc]ta92'--,beats him--,i w1 y old fu/y p$ant4 ,ah6--oh6--ehl--,:at1 beat a philosoph]6--,ah6--oh6--eh6--,,moli]e3 ib41 p4 #bdg4 ,:at6 w ^! h&s nev] be clean8--,no m ( t1 my "l2 no m ( t4 ,y m> all ) ?is />t+4 99 99 99 ,"h is ! smell ( blood /ill4--,all ! p]fumes ( ,arabia w n sweet5 ?is little h&4 ,oh6 oh6 oh6--,%ak41 ,macbe?1 ,act ,v1 ,sc4 #a4 ,ha6 at ! gates :at grisly =ms appe>6 ,:at dismal %rieks ( laught] w\nd ! e>6--,m]ry4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 ,yet ?is may be ! situation ( "s n[ kn[n to u4--,o frightful ?\ght6 ,o horrible image6 ,=bid x1 ,o ,fa!r ( m]cy6 ,if x be possible1 let no creature ( ?9e ev] be ! object ( t wra?1 aga9/ :i* ! /r5g? ( ?y :ole creation unit$1 w\ld /& b z ! mo? aga9/ ! ?und]bolt6--,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #bhi4 ,if x be s1 our ,god1 :om we s]ve1 is able to deliv] u f ! burn+ fi]y furnace2 & he w deliv] u out ( ?9e h&1 ,o k+4 ,b if n1 be x kn[n unto !e1 ,o k+1 t we w n s]ve ?y gods1 nor wor%ip ! gold5 image :i* ?\ ha/ set up4--,daniel1 iii1 #ag & #ah4 ,grant me pati5ce1 j ,heav56--,( all ! cants :i* are cant$ 9 ?is cant+ _w--?\gh ! cant ( hypocrites may be ! wor/--! cant ( criticism is ! mo/ torm5t+6--,/]ne4 ,ah1 no6 ,a*illes meets a %ameful fate1 ,oh6 h[ unwor?y ( ! brave & great4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,p>s+4 ,o let n ?y he>t despise me6 ?\ :om exp]i5ce has n taught t x is mis]y to lose t :i* x is n happ9ess to possess4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,disguise ?yself z ?\ wilt1 /ill1 ,slav]y6 /ill ?\ art a bitt] draught2 & ?\gh ?\s&s 9 all ages h be5 made to dr9k ( !e1 ?\ art no less bitt] on t acc\nt4--,/]ne4 ,put x out ( ! p[] ( tru? to give y an ill "*2 & if any body reports y n to be an hone/ or a good man1 let y\r practice give him ! lie4 ,?is is all v feasible4--,anton9us4 ,oh t m5 %\ld put an enemy into _! m\?s to /eal away _! bra9s6 t we %\ld1 ) joy1 pleasance1 revel1 & applause1 trans=m ourselves into bea/s6--,%akspe>e4 ,all ^! af> (f /ood1 cry+1 ,alas6 ,alas6 & wept1 & gna%$ _! tee?1 & groan$2 ,& ) ! owl1 t on h] ru9s sat1 ,made dolor\s conc]t 9 ! e> ( ,night4--,pollok4 ,snat*'d 9 ?y prime6 alas1 ! /roke 7 mild1 ,_h my frail =m obey'd ! fate's decree6 ,ble/ 7 my lot1 ,o ,cyn?io6 ,o my *ild6 ,_h ,heav5 s pleas'd1 & ,i _h di$ = !e6--,%5/one4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,errors ,,respect+ ,,int]jections4 ,( *ance or *ange1 oh let n man compla94--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! int]jection oh1 a sign ( sorr[1 pa91 or surprise1 is "h us$ to indicate m]e e>ne/ness4 ,b1 accord+ to ! li/ ( int]jections1 or ,,obs4 #b;d "u x1 ! int]jection ( wi%+1 e>ne/ness1 or vocative address1 is ,o1 & n oh4 ,!re=e1 oh %\ld "h be ,o2 ?us1 ,( *ance or *ange1 ,o let n man compla94--,beattie's ,m9/rel1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #a4 ,o ?\ p]secutor6 ,oh ye hypocrites4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #ii2 et al4 ,oh6 ?\1 :o t\*$/ ,isaiah's hall[$ lips ) fire4--,ib41 7,key17 p4 #aig4 ,oh6 happy we1 surr\nd$ by s _m bless+s4--,ib41 7,ex]cises17 p4 #ach4 ,oh6 ?\1 :o art s unm9dful ( ?y duty4--,ib41 7,key17 p4 #aif4 ,if ,i am wrong1 oh tea* my he>t ,to f9d t bett] way4--,pope's ,works4 ,heus6 evocate hue ,davum4 ,t]4 ,hoe6 call ,davus out hi!r4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #aee4 ,x 0 repres5t$ by an analogy1 7,oh1 h[ inadequate67 :i* 0 borr[$ f ! religion ( paganism4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bha4 ,oh t ,i%mael might live be=e !e6--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,g541 xvii1 #ah4 ,& he said unto him1 ,oh let n ! ,"l be angry1 & ,i w speak4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,g541 xviii1 #cj4 ,& he said1 ,oh let n ! ,"l be angry4--,,id41 & ,,scott',s3 ib41 v]4 #cb4 ,oh1 my "l1 let ?y s]vant1 ,i pray !e1 speak a ^w4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible1 & ,,alg]',s3 ,g541 xliv1 #ah4 ,oh1 ,virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art6 ,i fe>1 alas6 = my life4--,fisk's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,ay me1 !y little "k ,h[ de>ly ,i abide t boa/ s va94--,milton's ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #hf4 ,oh6 t ,i _h digg$ myself a cave4--,,flet*]3 9 ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,o1 my good "l6 ?y com=t comes too late4--,,%ak43 ib41 p4 #gh4 ,! vocative takes no article2 x is di/+ui%$ ?us3 ,o ,p$ro1 ,oh ,pet]6 ,o ,dios1 ,oh ,god6--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,oh1 o6 ,b1 ! relative is always ! same4--,cobbett's ,eng4 ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #abg4 ,oh1 oh6 ,b1 ! relative is always ! same4--,id41 ,edition ( #ahcb1 p4 #aaf4 ,ah hail1 ye happy m56--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,oh t ,i _h w+s l a dove6--,,fri5ds' ,,bible1 & ,,alg]',s3 ,ps41 lv1 #f4 ,oh ,glori\s hope6 ,o ,bless$ abode6--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,alas1 ,fri5ds1 h[ joy\s is y\r pres5ce4--,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,oh1 blissful days6 ,ah me6 h[ soon ye pass6--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,i1 p4 #af2 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #bi4 ,oh gold5 days6 oh bright unvalu$ h\rs6 ,:at bliss 7did ye b "k t bliss7 7 y\rs6--,b>bauld4 ,ay me6 :at p]ils d eviron ,! man t m$dles ) cold iron4--,hudibras4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,que/ions4 ,,ord] ,,( ,,rehe>sal1 ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,exam9ation4 ,,"p ,,second1 ,,etymology4 ,fi/ ,! foll[+ que/ions ref] almo/ :olly to ! ma9 text ( ! ,etymology ( ?is "w1 & are su* z e /ud5t %\ld be able to answ] ) read9ess & accuracy1 be=e he proce$s to any subsequ5t "p ( ! /udy or ! ex]cises ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 #a4 ,( :at does ,etymology treat8 #b4 ,:at is meant by ! t]m1 ,p>ts ( ,spee*8 #c4 ,:at are ,classes1 "u ! p>ts ( spee*8 #d4 ,:at are ,modifications8 #e4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! p>ts ( spee*8 #f4 ,:at is an article8 #g4 ,:at is a n\n8 #h4 ,:at is an adjective8 #i4 ,:at is a pron\n8 #aj4 ,:at is a v]b8 #aa4 ,:at is a p>ticiple8 #ab4 ,:at is an adv]b8 #ac4 ,:at is a conjunction8 #ad4 ,:at is a preposition8 #ae4 ,:at is an int]jection8 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is ,p>s+8 & :at relation does x be> to gramm>8 #b4 ,:at is a ,praxis8 & :at is said ( ! ^w8 #c4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,fir/ ,,praxis8 #d4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #e4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,! pati5t ox submits to ! yoke1 & meekly p]=ms ! lab\r requir$ ( him4 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,fir/ ,*apt]1 or ! ,fir/ ,praxis4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,articles4 #a4 ,:at is an ,,article8 #b4 ,are an & a diff]5t articles1 or ! same8 #c4 ,:5 ought an to be us$1 & :at are ! examples8 #d4 ,:5 %\ld a be us$1 & :at are ! examples8 #e4 ,:at =m ( ! article d ! s\nds ( w & y require8 #f4 ,c y repeat ! alphabet1 ) an or a be=e ! "n ( ea* lett]8 #g4 ,w y "n ! t5 p>ts ( spee*1 ) an or a be=e ea* "n8 #h4 ,:5 does a common n\n n admit an article8 #i4 ,h[ is ! s5se ( n\ns commonly made indef9itely p>titive8 #aj4 ,does ! m]e be+ ( a ?+ dem& ! use ( articles8 #aa4 ,c articles ev] be us$ :5 we mean to speak ( a :ole species8 #ab4 ,b h[ does an or a commonly limit ! s5se8 #ac4 ,& h[ does ! commonly limit ! s5se8 #ad4 ,:i* numb] does ! limit1 ! s+ul> or ! plural8 #ae4 ,:5 is ! requir$ be=e adjectives8 #af4 ,:y is an or a n applicable to plurals8 #ag4 ,:at is said ( an or a be=e an adjective ( numb]8 #ah4 ,:51 or h[ (t51 %\ld articles be ins]t$8 #ai4 ,:at is said ( ne$less articles8 #bj4 ,:at is ! effect ( putt+ "o article = ! o!r1 & h[ %all we "k :i* to *oose8 #ba4 ,h[ are ! two articles di/+ui%$ 9 gramm>8 #bb4 ,:i* is ! def9ite article1 & :at does x d5ote8 #bc4 ,:i* is ! indef9ite article1 & :at does x d5ote8 #bd4 ,:at modifications h ! articles8 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,second ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,! task ( a s*oolma/] labori\sly prompt+ & urg+ an indol5t class1 is worse ?an 8 :o drives lazy horses along a s&y road4 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,second ,*apt]1 or ! ,second ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! five lessons ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,second ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,n\ns4 #a4 ,:at is a ,,n\n1 & :at are ! examples giv58 #b4 ,into :at g5]al classes are n\ns divid$8 #c4 ,:at is a prop] n\n8 #d4 ,:at is a common n\n8 #e4 ,:at p>ticul> classes are includ$ among common n\ns8 #f4 ,:at is a collective n\n8 #g4 ,:at is an ab/ract n\n8 #h4 ,:at is a v]bal or p>ticipial n\n8 #i4 ,:at modifications h n\ns8 #aj4 ,:at are ,p]sons1 9 gramm>8 #aa4 ,h[ _m p]sons are !re1 & :at are !y call$8 #ab4 ,:at is ! fir/ p]son8 #ac4 ,:at is ! second p]son8 #ad4 ,:at is ! ?ird p]son8 #ae4 ,:at are ,numb]s1 9 gramm>8 #af4 ,h[ _m numb]s are !re1 & :at are !y call$8 #ag4 ,:at is ! s+ul> numb]8 #ah4 ,:at is ! plural numb]8 #ai4 ,h[ is ! plural numb] ( n\ns regul>ly =m$8 #bj4 ,h[ is ! regul> plural =m$ )\t increase ( syllables8 #ba4 ,h[ is ! regul> plural =m$ :5 ! ^w ga9s a syllable8 ,,lesson ,,vi--,,n\ns4 #a4 ,:at are ,g5d]s1 9 gramm>8 #b4 ,h[ _m g5d]s are !re1 & :at are !y call$8 #c4 ,:at is ! mascul9e g5d]8 #d4 ,:at is ! fem99e g5d]8 #e4 ,:at is ! neut] g5d]8 #f4 ,:at n\ns1 !n1 are mascul9e8 :at1 fem99e8 & :at1 neut]8 #g4 ,:at inflection ( ,engli% n\ns regul>ly *anges _! g5d]8 #h4 ,on :at are ! diff]5t g5d]s f\nd$1 & to :at p>ts ( spee* d !y belong8 #i4 ,:5 ! n\n is su* z may be appli$ to ei!r sex1 h[ is ! g5d] usually det]m9$8 #aj4 ,:at pr9ciple ( univ]sal gramm> det]m9es ! g5d] :5 bo? sexes are tak5 toge!r8 #aa4 ,:at is said ( ! g5d] ( n\ns ( multitude8 #ab4 ,"u :at circum/ances is x common to disreg>d ! di/9ction ( sex8 #ac4 ,9 h[ _m ways are ! sexes di/+ui%$ 9 gramm>8 #ad4 ,:5 ! g5d] is figurative1 h[ is x indicat$8 #ae4 ,:at are ,cases1 9 gramm>8 #af4 ,h[ _m cases are !re1 & :at are !y call$8 #ag4 ,:at is ! nom9ative case8 #ah4 ,:at is ! subject ( a v]b8 #ai4 ,:at is ! possessive case8 #bj4 ,h[ is ! possessive case ( n\ns =m$8 #ba4 ,:at is ! objective case8 #bb4 ,:at is ! object ( a v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition8 #bc4 ,:at two cases ( n\ns are alike 9 =m1 & h[ are !y di/+ui%$8 #bd4 ,:at is ! decl5sion ( a n\n8 #be4 ,h[ d y decl9e ! n\ns1 fri5d1 man1 fox1 & fly8 ,,lesson ,,vii--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,?ird ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example to be p>s$8 ,! writ+s ( ,hannah ,m appe> to me m praise-wor?y ?an ,scott's4 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,?ird ,*apt]1 or ! ,?ird ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! ?ree lessons ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,?ird ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,adjectives4 #a4 ,:at is an ,,adjective1 & :at are ! examples giv58 #b4 ,into :at classes may adjectives be divid$8 #c4 ,:at is a common adjective8 #d4 ,:at is a prop] adjective8 #e4 ,:at is a num]al adjective8 #f4 ,:at is a pronom9al adjective8 #g4 ,:at is a p>ticipial adjective8 #h4 ,:at is a comp\nd adjective8 #i4 ,:at modifications h adjectives8 #aj4 ,:at is comp>ison1 9 gramm>8 #aa4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! degrees ( comp>ison8 #ab4 ,:at is ! positive degree8 #ac4 ,:at is ! comp>ative degree8 #ad4 ,:at is ! sup]lative degree8 #ae4 ,:at adjectives _c be comp>$8 #af4 ,:at adjectives are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs8 #ag4 ,h[ are adjectives regul>ly comp>$8 #ah4 ,:at pr9ciples ( spell+ mu/ be obs]v$ 9 ! comp>+ ( adjectives8 #ai4 ,to :at adjectives is ! regul> me?od ( comp>ison1 by er & e/1 applicable8 #bj4 ,is !re any o!r me?od ( express+ ! degrees ( comp>ison8 #ba4 ,h[ are ! degrees ( dim9ution1 or inf]iority1 express$8 #bb4 ,has ! regul> me?od ( comp>ison any degrees ( ?is k9d8 #bc4 ,d we ev] comp>e by adv]bs ^? adjectives :i* c be comp>$ by er & e/8 #bd4 ,h[ d y comp>e good8 bad1 evil1 or ill8 little8 mu*8 _m8 #be4 ,h[ d y comp>e f>8 ne>8 =e8 h9d8 98 out8 up8 l[8 late8 #bf4 ,:at words want ! positive8 #bg4 ,:at words want ! comp>ative8 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,f\r? ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,! be/ & mo/ effectual me?od ( tea*+ gramm>1 is precisely t ( :i* ! c>eless are lea/ fond3 tea* le>n$ly1 rebuk+ :atsoev] is false1 blund]+1 or unmann]ly4 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,f\r? ,*apt]1 or ! ,f\r? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! ?ree lesons ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,f\r? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,pron\ns4 #a4 ,:at is a ,,pron\n1 & :at is ! example giv58 #b4 ,h[ _m pron\ns are !re8 #c4 ,h[ are pron\ns divid$8 #d4 ,:at is a p]sonal pron\n8 #e4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! simple p]sonal pron\ns8 #f4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns8 #g4 ,:at is a relative pron\n8 #h4 ,:i* are ! relative pron\ns8 #i4 ,:at peculi>ity has ! relative :at8 #aj4 ,:at is an int]rogative pron\n8 #aa4 ,:i* are ! int]rogative pron\ns8 #ab4 ,d :o1 :i*1 & :at1 all ask ! same "q8 #ac4 ,:at modifications h pron\ns8 #ad4 ,:y are n ^! ?+s def9$ "u ! head ( pron\ns8 #ae4 ,:at is ! decl5sion ( a pron\n8 #af4 ,h[ d y decl9e ! pron\n ,i8 ,?\8 ,he8 ,%e8 ,x8 #ag4 ,:at is said ( ! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns8 #ah4 ,h[ d y decl9e ! pron\n ,myself8 ,?yself8 ,himself8 ,h]self8 ,itself8 #ai4 ,are ! int]rogative pron\ns decl9$ l ! simple relatives8 #bj4 ,h[ d y decl9e ,:o8 ,:i*8 ,:at8 ,t8 ,z8 #ba4 ,h ! comp\nd relative pron\ns any decl5sion8 #bb4 ,h[ d y decl9e ,:oev]8 ,:osoev]8 ,:i*ev]8 ,:i*soev]8 ,:atev]8 ,:atsoev]8 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,fif? ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,nay b1 ,o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8 ,%all ! ?+ =m$ say to him t =m$ x1 ,:y ha/ ?\ made me ?us8 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,fif? ,*apt]1 or ! ,fif? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! ?ree lessons ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,fif? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is a ,,v]b1 & :at are ! examples giv58 #b4 ,:y are v]bs call$ by t "n8 #c4 ,respect+ an ,engli% v]b1 :at ?+s are to be s\ght 9 ! fir/ place8 #d4 ,:at is ! ,pres5t8 #e4 ,:at is ! ,pret]it8 #f4 ,:at is ! ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple8 #g4 ,:at is ! ,p]fect ,p>ticiple8 #h4 ,h[ are v]bs divid$1 ) respect to _! =m8 #i4 ,:at is a regul> v]b8 #aj4 ,:at is an irregul> v]b8 #aa4 ,:at is a r$undant v]b8 #ab4 ,:at is a defective v]b8 #ac4 ,h[ are v]bs divid$1 ) respect to _! signification8 #ad4 ,:at is an active-transitive v]b8 #ae4 ,:at is an active-intransitive v]b8 #af4 ,:at is a passive v]b8 #ag4 ,:at is a neut] v]b8 #ah4 ,:at modifications h v]bs8 #ai4 ,:at are ,moods1 9 gramm>8 #bj4 ,h[ _m moods are !re1 & :at are !y call$8 #ba4 ,:at is ! inf9itive mood8 #bb4 ,:at is ! indicative mood8 #bc4 ,:at is ! pot5tial mood8 #bd4 ,:at is ! subjunctive mood8 #be4 ,:at is ! imp]ative mood8 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at are ,t5ses1 9 gramm>8 #b4 ,h[ _m t5ses are !re1 & :at are !y call$8 #c4 ,:at is ! pres5t t5se8 #d4 ,:at is ! imp]fect t5se8 #e4 ,:at is ! p]fect t5se8 #f4 ,:at is ! plup]fect t5se8 #g4 ,:at is ! fir/-future t5se8 #h4 ,:at is ! second-future t5se8 #i4 ,:at are ! ,p]son & ,numb] ( a v]b8 #aj4 ,h[ _m p]sons & numb]s belong to v]bs8 #aa4 ,:y are n ^! ?+s def9$ "u ! head ( v]bs8 #ab4 ,h[ are ! second & ?ird p]sons s+ul> di/9ctively =m$8 #ac4 ,h[ are ! p]son & numb] ( a v]b asc]ta9$1 :]e no peculi> end+ is employ$ to m>k !m8 #ad4 ,:at is ! conjugation ( a v]b8 #ae4 ,:at are ! ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts 9 ! conjugation ( a v]b8 #af4 ,:at is a v]b call$ :i* wants "s ( ^! p>ts8 #ag4 ,:at is an auxili>y1 9 gramm>8 #ah4 ,:at v]bs are us$ z auxili>ies8 #ai4 ,:at are ! inflections ( ! v]b d1 9 its simple t5ses8 #bj4 ,:at are ! inflections ( ! v]b be1 9 its simple t5ses8 #ba4 ,:at are ! inflections ( ! v]b h1 9 its simple t5ses8 #bb4 ,:at are ! inflections & uses ( %all & w8 #bc4 ,:at are ! inflections & uses ( may8 #bd4 ,:at are ! inflections & uses ( c8 #be4 ,:at are ! uses ( mu/1 :i* is un9flect$8 #bf4 ,to :at /yle is ! inflect+ ( %all1 w1 may1 c1 %\ld1 w\ld1 might1 & c\ld1 n[ re/rict$8 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is ! simple/ =m ( an ,engli% conjugation8 #b4 ,:at is ! fir/ example ( conjugation8 #c4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! v]b ,,love8 #d4 ,h[ _m & :at t5ses has ! inf9itive mood8--! indicative8--! pot5tial8--! subjunctive8--! imp]ative8 #i4 ,:at is ! v]b ,,love 9 ! ,inf9itive1 pres5t8--p]fect8-- ,indicative1 pres5t8--imp]fect8--p]fect8--plup]fect8- -fir/-future8-- second-future8--,pot5tial1 pres5t8--imp]fect8--p]fect8--plup]fect8- - ,subjunctive1 pres5t8--imp]fect8--,imp]ative1 pres5t8 #bd4 ,:at are its p>ticiples8 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is ! synopsis ( ! v]b ,,love1 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul>8--second p]son s+ul>1 solemn /yle8--?ird p]son s+ul>8--fir/ p]son plural8--second p]son plural8--?ird p]son plural8 #g4 ,if ! second p]son s+ul> ( ?is v]b be us$ famili>ly1 h[ %\ld x be =m$8 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is ! second example ( conjugation8 #b4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts8 #c4 ,h[ is ! v]b ,,see conjugat$ ?r\gh\t8 #d4 ,h[ d y =m a synopsis ( ! v]b see1 ) ! pron\n ,i8 ?\8 he8 we8 y8 !y8 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is ! ?ird example ( conjugation8 #b4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts8 #c4 ,h[ is ! v]b ,,be conjugat$8 #d4 ,h[ d y =m a synopsis ( ! v]b be1 ) ! nom9ative ,i8 ?\8 he8 we8 y8 !y8 ! man8 ! m58 ,,lesson ,,xviii4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is ! comp\nd =m ( conjugat+ active or neut] v]bs8 #b4 ,:at peculi> mean+ does ?is =m convey8 #c4 ,:at is ! f\r? example ( conjugation8 #d4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! simple v]b ,,read8 #e4 ,h[ is ! v]b ,,read conjugat$ 9 ! comp\nd =m8 #f4 ,h[ d y =m a synopsis ( ! v]b ,,be ,,read+1 ) ! nom9ative ,i8 ?\8 he8 we8 y8 !y8 ! boy8 ! boys8 ,,lesson ,,xix4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,h[ are passive v]bs =m$8 #b4 ,:at is ! fif? example ( conjugation8 #c4 ,h[ is ! passive v]b ,,be ,,lov$ conjugat$ ?r\gh\t8 #d4 ,h[ d y =m a synopsis ( ! v]b ,,be ,,lov$1 ) ! nom9ative ,i8 ?\8 he8 we8 y8 !y8 ! *ild8 ! *ildr58 ,,lesson ,,xx4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,h[ is a v]b conjugat$ negatively8 #b4 ,h[ is ! =m ( negation exemplifi$ by ! v]b love 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul>8 #c4 ,:at is ! =m ( negation = ! solemn /yle1 second p]son s+ul>8 #d4 ,:at is ! =m = ! famili> /yle8 #e4 ,:at is ! negative =m ( ! v]b love ) ! pron\n he8 #f4 ,h[ is ! v]b conjugat$ int]rogatively8 #g4 ,:at is ! int]rogative =m ( ! v]b love ) ! pron\n ,i8 #h4 ,:at is ! =m ( "q 9 ! solemn /yle1 ) ?is v]b 9 ! second p]son s+ul>8 #i4 ,h[ are su* que/ions ask$ 9 ! famili> /yle8 #aj4 ,:at is ! int]rogative =m ( ! v]b love ) ! pron\n he8 #aa4 ,h[ is a v]b conjugat$ int]rogatively & negatively8 #ab4 ,h[ is ! negative "q exemplifi$ 9 ! fir/ p]son plural8 #ac4 ,h[ is ! negative "q exemplifi$ 9 ! second p]son plural8 #ad4 ,h[ is ! l synopsis =m$ 9 ! ?ird p]son plural8 ,,lesson ,,xxi4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is an irregul> v]b8 #b4 ,h[ _m simple irregul> v]bs are !re8 #c4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 ,arise1 be1 be>1 beat1 beg91 behold1 beset1 be/ead1 bid1 b9d1 bite1 ble$1 break1 bre$1 br+1 buy1 ca/1 *ide1 *oose1 cleave1 cl+1 come1 co/1 cut1 d1 draw1 dr9k1 drive1 eat1 fall1 fe$1 feel1 fight1 f9d1 flee1 fl+1 fly1 =be>1 =sake1 get1 give1 g1 gr[1 h1 he>1 hide1 hit1 hold1 hurt1 keep1 "k1 lead1 leave1 l5d1 let1 lie1 lose1 make1 meet1 outdo1 put1 read1 r5d1 rid1 ride1 r+1 rise1 run1 say1 see1 seek1 sell1 s5d1 set1 %$1 %oe1 %oot1 %ut1 %r$1 %r9k1 s+1 s9k1 sit1 slay1 sl+1 sl9k1 smite1 speak1 sp5d1 sp91 spit1 spread1 spr+1 /&1 /eal1 /ick1 /+1 /9k1 /ride1 /rike1 swe>1 swim1 sw+1 take1 tea*1 te>1 tell1 ?9k1 ?ru/1 tread1 we>1 w91 write8 ,,lesson ,,xxii4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is a r$undant v]b8 #b4 ,h[ _m r$undant v]bs are !re8 #c4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 ,abide1 awake1 belay1 b5d1 b]eave1 besee*1 bet1 betide1 bl5d1 bless1 bl[1 build1 burn1 bur/1 cat*1 clo!1 creep1 cr[1 curse1 d>e1 deal1 dig1 dive1 dream1 dress1 dwell1 freeze1 geld1 gild1 gird1 grave1 gr9d1 hang1 heave1 hew1 kneel1 knit1 lade1 lay1 lean1 leap1 le>n1 light1 mean1 m[1 mulet1 pass1 pay1 p51 plead1 prove1 quit1 rap1 reave1 rive1 roa/1 saw1 see!1 %ake1 %ape1 %ave1 %e>1 %9e1 %[1 sleep1 slide1 slit1 smell1 s[1 spe$1 spell1 spill1 split1 spoil1 /ave1 /ay1 /r+1 /rive1 /r[1 sweat1 sweep1 swell1 ?rive1 ?r[1 wake1 wax1 weave1 w$1 weep1 wet1 :et1 w9d1 wont1 "w1 wr+8 #d4 ,:at is a defective v]b8 #e4 ,:at v]bs are defective8 ,,lesson ,,xxiii4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,six? ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,! fre$om ( *oice seems ess5tial to happ9ess2 because1 prop]ly speak+1 t is n our own :i* is impos$ ^u u4 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,six? ,*apt]1 or ! ,six? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! ?ree lessons ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,six? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,,xxiv4--,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,:at is a ,,p>ticiple1 & h[ is x g5]ally =m$8 #b4 ,h[ _m k9ds ( p>ticiples are !re1 & :at are !y call$8 #c4 ,:at is ! imp]fect p>ticiple8 #d4 ,:at is ! p]fect p>ticiple8 #e4 ,:at is ! prep]fect p>ticiple8 #f4 ,h[ is ! fir/ or imp]fect p>ticiple =m$8 #g4 ,h[ is ! second or p]fect p>ticiple =m$8 #h4 ,h[ is ! ?ird or prep]fect p>ticiple =m$8 #i4 ,:at are ! p>ticiples ( ! foll[+ v]bs1 accord+ to ! simple/ =m ( conjugation3 ,repeat1 /udy1 return1 m\rn1 seem1 rejoice1 appe>1 approa*1 suppose1 ?9k1 set1 come1 ra91 /&1 "k1 deceive8 ,,lesson ,,xxv4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,sev5? ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$3 ,religion1 rightly und]/ood & practis$1 has ! pure/ ( all joys att5d+ x4 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,sev5? ,*apt]1 or ! ,sev5? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! ?ree lessons ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,sev5? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,,xxvi4--,,adv]bs4 #a4 ,:at is an ,,adv]b1 & :at is ! example giv58 #b4 ,to :at g5]al classes may adv]bs be r$uc$8 #c4 ,:at are adv]bs ( "t8 #d4 ,:at are adv]bs ( place8 #e4 ,:at are adv]bs ( degree8 #f4 ,:at are adv]bs ( mann]8 #a4 ,:at are conjunctive adv]bs8 #h4 ,are all ! conjunctive adv]bs includ$ 9 ! fir/ f\r classes8 #i4 ,h[ may ! adv]bs ( "t be subdivid$8 #aj4 ,h[ may ! adv]bs ( place be subdivid$8 #aa4 ,h[ may ! adv]bs ( degree be subdivid$8 #ab4 ,h[ may ! adv]bs ( mann] be subdivid$8 #ac4 ,:at modifications h adv]bs8 #ad4 ,h[ d we comp>e well1 badly or ill1 little1 mu*1 f>1 & =?8 #ae4 ,( :at degree is ! adv]b r8 #af4 ,:at is said ( ! comp>ison ( adv]bs by m & mo/1 less & lea/8 ,,lesson ,,xxvii4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,eigh? ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,:5 0 x t ,rome attract$ mo/ /rongly ! admiration ( mank9d8 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,eigh? ,*apt]1 or ! ,eigh? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! lesson ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,eigh? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,,xxviii4--,,conjunctions4 #a4 ,:at is a ,,conjunction1 & :at is ! example giv58 #b4 ,h we any connective words besides ! conjunctions8 #c4 ,h[ d relative pron\ns diff] f o!r connectives8 #d4 ,h[ d conjunctive adv]bs diff] f o!r connectives8 #e4 ,h[ d conjunctions diff] f o!r connectives8 #f4 ,h[ d prepositions diff] f o!r connectives8 #g4 ,h[ are ! conjunctions divid$8 #h4 ,:at is a copulative conjunction8 #i4 ,:at is a disjunctive conjunction8 #aj4 ,:at are corresponsive conjunctions8 #aa4 ,:i* are ! copulative conjunctions8 #ab4 ,:i* are ! disjunctive conjunctions8 #ac4 ,:i* are ! corresponsive conjunctions8 ,,lesson ,,xxix4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,n9? ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,if ?\ ha/ done a good de$1 boa/ n ( x4 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,n9? ,*apt]1 or ! ,n9? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! lesson ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,n9? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,,xxx4--,,prepositions4 #a4 ,:at is a ,,preposition1 & :at is ! example giv58 #b4 ,are ! prepositions divid$ into classes8 #c4 ,h prepositions any grammatical modifications8 #d4 ,h[ are ! prepositions arrang$ 9 ! li/8 #e4 ,:at are ! prepositions beg9n+ ) a8--) b8--) c8--) d8--) e8--) f8--) i8--) m8--) n8--) o8--) p8--) r8--) s8--) t8--) u8--) w8 #ba4 ,does ?is li/ conta9 all ! words t are ev] us$ 9 ,engli% z prepositions8 ,,lesson ,,xxxi4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,t5? ,,praxis8 #b4 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h to be giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,nev] adv5ture on too ne> an approa* to :at is evil8 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,t5? ,*apt]1 or ! ,t5? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! lesson ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,t5? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,lesson ,,xxxii4--,,int]jections4 #a4 ,:at is an ,,int]jection1 & :at are ! examples giv58 #b4 ,:y are int]jections s call$8 #c4 ,h[ are ! int]jections arrang$ 9 ! li/8 #d4 ,:at are ! int]jections ( joy8--( praise8--( sorr[8--( wond]8--( wi%+ or e>ne/ness8--( pa9 or fe>8--( contempt8--( av]sion8--( call+ al\d8--( exultation8--( laught]8--( salutation8--( call+ to att5tion8--( call+ to sil5ce8--( surprise or horror8--( languor8--( /opp+8--( p>t+8--( kn[+ or detect+8--( int]rogat+8 ,,lesson ,,xxxiii4--,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 ! ,,elev5? ,,praxis8 ,h[ _m def9itions are "h giv5 = ea* "p ( spee*8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example p>s$8 ,o6 soon] %all ! e>? & />s fall into *aos6 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 ! ?ree lessons ( ! ,elev5? ,*apt]1 or ! ,elev5? ,praxis2 & !n1 if y please1 y may correct orally ! lesson ( bad ,engli%1 ) :i* ! ,elev5? ,*apt] concludes4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4--,,= ,,writ+4 ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,etymology4 ,:5 ! pupil has become famili> ) ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & _! classes & modifications1 & has be5 suffici5tly ex]cis$ 9 etymological p>s+ & correct+1 he %\ld write out ! foll[+ ex]cises2 = spee* & writ+ af=d u diff]5t modes ( te/+ ! pr(ici5cy ( /ud5ts1 & ex]cises 9 bo? are necess>y to a complete c\rse ( ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,,ex]cise ,i4--,,articles4 #a4 ,prefix ! def9ite article to ea* ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 pa?1 pa?s2 loss1 losses2 "n1 names2 page1 pages2 want1 wants2 d\bt1 d\bts2 vot>y1 vot>ies4 #b4 ,prefix ! indef9ite article to ea* ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 age1 error1 idea1 om51 urn1 ar*1 bird1 cage1 dream1 empire1 f>m1 gra91 horse1 idol1 jay1 k+1 lady1 man1 novice1 op9ion1 pony1 quail1 rav51 sample1 trade1 uncle1 vessel1 w9d[1 y\?1 zone1 :irlw9d1 union1 onion1 unit1 eagle1 h\se1 hon\r1 h\r1 h]ald1 habitation1 hospital1 h>p]1 h>poon1 ew]1 eye1 hum\r4 #c4 ,ins]t ! def9ite article rightly 9 ! foll[+ phrases3 ,george ,second--fair appe>ance--"p fir/--reasons mo/ obvi\s--good man--wide circle--man ( hon\r--man ( _w--old books--common p--same p]son--small] piece--ri* & poor--fir/ & la/--all "t--great excess--n9e muses--h[ ri* rew>d--s small numb]--all anci5t writ]s--9 nature ( ?+s--mu* bett] c\rse4 #d4 ,ins]t ! indef9ite article rightly 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ phrases3 new "n--v quick motion--o!r %eep--su* p[]--:at in/ance--great weight--su* wor?y cause--to great diff]5ce--high hon\r--humble /ation--univ]sal law--:at /range ev5t--s deep int]e/--z firm hope--s great wit--humor\s /ory--su* p]son--few doll>s--little reflection4 ,,ex]cise ,,ii4--,,n\ns4 #a4 ,write ! plurals ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 t[n1 c\ntry1 case1 p91 ne$le1 h>p1 p51 sex1 ru%1 ar*1 m>%1 mon>*1 blemi%1 di/i*1 pr9cess1 gas1 bias1 /igma1 wo1 grotto1 folio1 punctilio1 ally1 duty1 toy1 money1 entry1 valley1 volley1 half1 dw>f1 /rife1 knife1 ro(1 muff1 /aff1 *ief1 %eaf1 m\se1 p5ny1 ox1 foot1 erratum1 axis1 !sis1 crit]ion1 bolus1 rebus1 son-9-law1 pailful1 man-s]vant1 fell[-citiz54 #b4 ,write ! fem99es correspond+ to ! foll[+ n\ns3 e>l1 fri>1 /ag1 "l1 duke1 m>quis1 h]o1 executor1 nephew1 heir1 actor1 en*ant]1 hunt]1 pr9ce1 traitor1 lion1 arbit]1 tutor1 song/]1 abbot1 ma/]1 uncle1 wid[]1 son1 l&grave4 #c4 ,write ! possessive case s+ul>1 ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 table1 leaf1 boy1 tor*1 p>k1 por*1 portico1 lynx1 calf1 %eep1 wolf1 e*o1 folly1 cav]n1 fa!r-9-law1 c\rt-m>tial1 precipice1 c\ntess1 lord%ip4 #d4 ,write ! possessive case plural1 ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 prie/1 tutor1 s*ol>1 m\nta91 city1 c\rti]1 judge1 citiz51 woman1 s]vant1 writ]1 gr&mo!r4 #e4 ,write ! possessive case1 bo? s+ul> & plural1 ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 body1 fancy1 lady1 attorney1 negro1 nuncio1 life1 bro!r1 de]1 *ild1 wife1 goose1 beau1 envoy1 di/aff1 h]o1 ?ief1 wret*4 ,,ex]cise ,,iii4--,,adjectives4 #a4 ,annex a suitable n\n to ea* ( ! foll[+ adjectives1 )\t repeat+ any ^w3 good1 great1 tall1 wise1 /rong1 d>k1 dang]\s1 dismal1 dr[sy1 tw5ty1 true1 difficult1 pale1 livid1 ripe1 delici\s1 /ormy1 ra9y1 conv5i5t1 heavy1 disa/r\s1 t]rible1 necess>y4 ,?us--good mann]s1 c4 #b4 ,place a suitable adjective be=e ea* ( ! foll[+ n\ns1 )\t repeat+ any ^w3 man1 son1 m]*ant1 "w1 f5ce1 fe>1 pov]ty1 picture1 pr9ce1 delay1 susp5se1 devices1 follies1 actions4 ,?us--wise man1 c4 #c4 ,write ! =ms 9 :i* ! foll[+ adjectives are comp>$ by inflection1 or *ange ( =m3 black1 bright1 %ort1 :ite1 old1 high1 wet1 big1 few1 lovely1 dry1 fat1 good1 bad1 little1 mu*1 _m1 f>1 true1 j1 va/4 #d4 ,write ! =ms 9 :i* ! foll[+ adjectives are comp>$1 us+ ! adv]bs ( increase3 delightful1 com=table1 agreeable1 pleasant1 =tunate1 valuable1 wret*$1 vivid1 timid1 poignant1 excell5t1 s9c]e1 hone/1 correct4 #e4 ,write ! =ms 9 :i* ! foll[+ adjectives are comp>$1 us+ ! comp>ative adv]bs ( inf]iority or dim9ution3 objectionable1 =midable1 =cible1 comely1 pleas+1 obvi\s1 c5surable1 prud5t1 imprud5t1 imp]fect1 pleasant1 unpleasant4 ,,ex]cise ,,iv4--,,pron\ns4 #a4 ,write ! nom9ative plural ( ! foll[+ pron\ns3 ,i1 ?\1 he1 %e1 x1 :o1 :i*1 :at1 t1 z4 #b4 ,write ! objective s+ul> ( ! foll[+ pron\ns3 ,i1 ?\1 he1 %e1 x1 :o1 :i*1 :at1 t1 z4 #c4 ,write ! foll[+ words 9 _! cu/om>y & prop] =ms3 he's1 h]'s1 x's1 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s1 :o's1 myself1 hisself1 !irselves4 #d4 ,write toge!r 9 decl5sion ! foll[+ pron\ns1 accord+ to ! agreem5t ( ea* two3 ,i myself1 ?\ ?yself1 he himself1 %e h]self x itself4 #e4 ,rewrite ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & make !m good ,engli%3 ,nor is ! crim9al b9d+ any ?+3 b 01 8 self1 be+ b\nd4--,wrights ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,! writ] surely did n mean1 t ! "w 0 prep>+ its self4--,ib4 ,may1 or c1 9 its self1 d5otes possibility4--,ib41 p4 #baf4 ,consequ5tly ^? 9 connection ) ! rema9+ pron\ns respectively1 %\ld be writt51--he1 8 self2--%e1 h] self2--ye or y1 y\r selves2 !y1 _! selves4--,ib41 p4 #aed4 ,le/ _! beacons be lo/ to ! view1 & _! selves wreck$ on ! %oals ( de/ruction4--,ib41 p4 #aee4 ,9 ! regal /yle1 z g5]ally 9 ! second p]son1 ! s+ul> n\n is add$ to ! plural pron\n1 ourself4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,ea* has x's peculi> advantages4--,ib41 p4 #bhc4 ,:o 8 ownself b>e our s9s 9 8 own body on ! tree4--,! ,fri5d1 iv1 #cjb4 ,x is difficult to look inw>dly on oneself4--,j\rnal ( ,n4 ,y4 ,lit4 ,conv5tion4 p4 #bhg4 ,,ex]cise ,v4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,write ! f\r pr9cipal p>ts ( ea* ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 slip1 ?rill1 c>ess1 =ce1 release1 crop1 try1 die1 obey1 delay1 de/roy1 d5y1 buy1 come1 d1 fe$1 lie1 say1 huzza1 pret5d1 deliv]1 arre/4 #b4 ,write ! foll[+ pret]its1 ea* 9 its appropriate =m3 expre/1 /ript1 dropt1 jumpt1 pre/1 topt1 :ipt1 l9kt1 propt1 fixt1 cro/1 /ept1 di/re/1 gu%t1 confe/1 snapt1 skipt1 ki/1 discu/1 tackt4 #c4 ,write ! foll[+ v]bs 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 second p]son s+ul>3 move1 /rive1 please1 rea*1 confess1 fix1 d5y1 survive1 "k1 g1 outdo1 close1 lose1 pursue1 def5d1 surpass1 conqu]1 deliv]1 enlight51 protect1 poli%4 #d4 ,write ! foll[+ v]bs 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son s+ul>3 leave1 seem1 se>*1 impea*1 fe>1 r$ress1 comply1 be/[1 d1 woo1 sue1 view1 allure1 rely1 beset1 release1 be1 bias1 compel1 degrade1 efface1 g>ni%1 h&le1 induce4 #e4 ,write ! foll[+ v]bs 9 ! subjunctive mood1 pres5t t5se1 9 ! ?ree p]sons s+ul>3 s]ve1 %un1 turn1 le>n1 f9d1 wi%1 ?r[1 dream1 possess1 dete/1 dis>m1 all[1 pret5d1 expose1 al>m1 deprive1 transgress4 ,,ex]cise ,,vi4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,write a synopsis ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul> ( ! active v]b amuse1 conjugat$ affirmatively4 #b4 ,write a synopsis ( ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! neut] v]b sit1 conjugat$ affirmatively 9 ! solemn /yle4 #c4 ,write a synopsis ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! active v]b speak1 conjugat$ affirmatively 9 ! comp\nd =m4 #d4 ,write a synopsis ( ! fir/ p]son plural ( ! passive v]b be r$uc$1 conjugat$ affirmatively4 #e4 ,write a synopsis ( ! second p]son plural ( ! active v]b lose1 conjugat$ negatively4 #f4 ,write a synopsis ( ! ?ird p]son plural ( ! neut] v]b /&1 conjugat$ int]rogatively4 #g4 ,write a synopsis ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul> ( ! active v]b d]ive1 conjugat$ int]rogatively & negatively4 ,,ex]cise ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,write ! simple imp]fect p>ticiples ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 belong1 provoke1 degrade1 impress1 fly1 d1 survey1 vie1 coo1 let1 hit1 put1 def]1 diff]1 rememb]4 #b4 ,write ! p]fect p>ticiples ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 turn1 burn1 le>n1 deem1 cr[d1 *oose1 draw1 he>1 l5d1 sweep1 te>1 ?ru/1 /eal1 write1 delay1 imply1 exi/4 #c4 ,write ! prep]fect p>ticiples ( ! foll[+ v]bs3 dep5d1 d>e1 d5y1 value1 =sake1 be>1 set1 sit1 lay1 mix1 speak1 sleep1 allot4 #d4 ,write ! foll[+ p>ticiples ea* 9 its appropriate =m3 dipt1 deckt1 m>kt1 equipt1 +ulft1 emb>ra/1 a/oni%t1 to/1 embo/1 absorpt1 attackt1 ga%t1 soakt1 hackt4 #e4 ,write ! regul> p>ticiples :i* are n[ g5]ally pref]r$ to ! foll[+ irregul> ones3 bl5t1 ble/1 clad1 cur/1 div51 dre/1 grav51 hov51 hewn1 knelt1 leant1 leapt1 le>nt1 lit1 m[n1 mulct1 pa/1 p5t1 quit1 riv51 roa/1 sawn1 sodd51 %av51 %orn1 s[n1 /riv51 /r[n1 sweat1 swoll51 ?riv51 wax54 #f4 ,write ! irregul> p>ticiples :i* are commonly pref]r$ to ! foll[+ regul> ones3 abid$1 b5d$1 build$1 bur/$1 cat*$1 creep$1 deal$1 digg$1 dwell$1 freez$1 gr9d$1 knitt$1 lay$1 mean$1 pay$1 reav$1 slid$1 spe$$1 splitt$1 /r+$1 sweep$1 ?r[$1 weav$1 weep$1 w9d$4 ,,ex]cise ,,viii4--,,adv]bs1 c4 #a4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ adv]bs3 soon1 (t51 long1 fa/1 ne>1 e>ly1 well1 badly or ill1 little1 mu*1 f>1 =?4 #b4 ,place ! comp>ative adv]bs ( increase be=e ea* ( ! foll[+ adv]bs3 purely1 fairly1 sweetly1 e>ne/ly1 pati5tly1 completely1 =tunately1 pr(itably1 easily4 #c4 ,place ! comp>ative adv]bs ( dim9ution be=e ea* ( ! foll[+ adv]bs3 secretly1 slily1 lib]ally1 fav\rably1 p[]fully1 solemnly4 #d4 ,ins]t suitable conjunctions 9 place ( ! foll[+ da%es3 ,love--fidelity are insep>able4 ,be %y ( p>ties--factions4 ,d well--boa/ n4 ,improve "t--x flies4 ,!re w\ld be few paup]s--no "t 7 lo/4 ,be n pr\d--?\ art human4 ,i saw--x 0 necess>y4 ,wisdom is bett]--weal?4 ,nei!r he--,i c d x4 ,wisdom--folly gov]ns u4 ,take c>e--?\ fall4 ,?\gh ,i %\ld boa/--am ,i no?+4 #e4 ,ins]t suitable prepositions 9 place ( ! foll[+ da%es3 ,plead--! dumb4 ,qualify ?yself--action--/udy4 ,?9k (t5--! wor?--"t4 ,live--peace--all m54 ,keep--compass4 ,je/ n--s]i\s subjects4 ,take no "p--sl&]4 ,guilt />ts--its own %ad[4 ,grudge n--giv+4 ,g n--sleep--malice4 ,debate n--temptation4 ,dep5d n--! /ores--o!rs4 ,cont5d n--trifles4 ,_m fall--grasp+--?+s--_! rea*4 ,be deaf--detraction4 #f4 ,correct ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & adapt ! int]jections to ! emotions express$ by ! o!r words3 ,aha6 aha6 ,i am undone4 ,hey6 io6 ,i am tir$4 ,ho6 be /ill4 ,avaunt6 ?is way4 ,ah6 :at nons5se4 ,heigh-ho6 ,i am delight$4 ,hi/6 x is contemptible4 ,oh6 = t sympa!tic gl[6 ,ah6 :at )]+ phantoms gl>e6 ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,syntax4 ,syntax treats ( ! relation1 agreem5t1 gov]nm5t1 & arrangem5t1 ( words 9 s5t5ces4 ,! relation ( words is _! ref]5ce to o!r words1 or _! dep5d5ce accord+ to ! s5se4 ,! agreem5t ( words is _! simil>ity 9 p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 case1 mood1 t5se1 or =m4 ,! gov]nm5t ( words is t p[] :i* "o ^w has ov] an o!r1 to cause x to assume "s p>ticul> modification4 ,! arrangem5t ( words is _! collocation1 or relative position1 9 a s5t5ce4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,s5t5ces4 ,a ,s5t5ce is an assemblage ( words1 mak+ complete s5se1 & always conta9+ a nom9ative & a v]b2 z1 ,rew>d sweet5s lab\r4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts ( a s5t5ce are usually ?ree2 namely1 ! ,,subject1 or nom9ative1--! attribute1 or f9ite ,,v]b1--& ! case put aft]1 or ! ,,object#cbb gov]n$ by ! v]b3 z1 ,crimes des]ve puni%m5t4 ,! o!r or subord9ate p>ts dep5d ^u ^!1 ei!r z prim>y or z second>y adjuncts2 z1 ,high crimes ju/ly des]ve v sev]e puni%m5ts4 ,s5t5ces are usually said to be ( two k9ds1 simple & comp\nd4#cbc ,a simple s5t5ce is a s5t5ce :i* consi/s ( "o s+le ass]tion1 supposition1 comm&1 "q1 or exclamation2 z1 ,david & ,jona?an lov$ ea* o!r4--,if ?9e enemy hung]4--,d viol5ce to no man4--,am ,i n an apo/le8--#a ,cor41 ix1 #a4 ,:at immortal glory %all ,i h acquir$6--,,hooke3 ,mur4 ,seq41 p4 #ga4 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce is a s5t5ce :i* consi/s ( two or m simple ones ei!r expressly or tacitly connect$2 z1 ,s5d m5 to ,joppa1 & call = ,simon1 ^: surname is ,pet]2 :o %all tell !e words1 :]eby ?\ & all ?y h\se %all be sav$4--,acts1 xi1 #ac4 ,! m ! works ( ,c[p] are read1 ! m 8 read]s w f9d reason to admire ! v>iety & ! ext5t1 ! graces & ! en]gy1 ( 8 lit]>y tal5ts4--,,hayley3 ,mur4 ,seq41 p4 #bej4 ,a clause1 or memb]1 is a subdivision ( a comp\nd s5t5ce2 & is itself a s5t5ce1 ei!r simple or comp\nd3 z1 ,if ?9e enemy be hungry1 give him bread to eat2 if he be ?ir/y1 give him wat] to dr9k4--,prov41 xxv1 #ba4cbd ,a phrase is two or m words :i* express "s relation ( diff]5t ideas1 b no entire proposition2 z1 ,by ! means appo9t$4--,to be pla9 ) y4--,hav+ lov$ 8 own4 ,words t are omitt$ by ellipsis1 & t are necess>ily und]/ood 9 ord] to complete ! con/ruction1 7& only su*17 mu/ be suppli$ 9 p>s+4 ,! lead+ pr9ciples to be obs]v$ 9 ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 are embrac$ 9 ! foll[+ tw5ty-f\r rules1 :i* are arrang$1 z ne>ly z possible1 9 ! ord] ( ! p>ts ( spee*4 ,,! ,,rules ,,( ,,syntax4 ,,rule ,i4--,,articles4 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,nom9atives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,apposition4 ,a ,n\n or a p]sonal ,pron\n us$ to expla9 a prec$+ n\n or pron\n1 is put1 by apposition1 9 ! same case4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,possessives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,,rule ,v4--,,objectives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,same ,,cases4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n put aft] a v]b or p>ticiple n transitive1 agrees 9 case ) a prec$+ n\n or pron\n ref]r+ to ! same ?+4 ,,rule ,,vii4--,,objectives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,,rule ,,viii4--,,nom4 ,,absolute4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n is put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 :5 its case dep5ds on no o!r ^w4 ,,rule ,,ix4--,,adjectives4 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,,rule ,x4--,,pron\ns4 ,a ,pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]4 ,,rule ,,xi--,,pron\ns4 ,:5 ! antec$5t is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! ,pron\n mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]4 ,,rule ,,xii4--,,pron\ns4 ,:5 a ,pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !m jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r4 ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,pron\ns4 ,:5 a ,pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) !m s+ly1 & n z if tak5 toge!r4 ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,e f9ite ,v]b mu/ agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]4 ,,rule ,,xv4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,:5 ! nom9ative is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! ,v]b mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]4 ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,:5 a ,v]b has two or m nom9atives connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !m jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r4 ,,rule ,,xvii4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,:5 a ,v]b has two or m nom9atives connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) !m s+ly1 & n z if tak5 toge!r4 ,,rule ,,xviii4--,,inf9itives4 ,! ,inf9itive ,mood is gov]n$ 9 g5]al by ! preposition ,,to1 :i* commonly connects x to a f9ite v]b4 ,,rule ,,xix4--,,inf9itives4 ,! active v]bs1 bid1 d>e1 feel1 he>1 let1 make1 ne$1 see1 & _! p>ticiples1 usually take ! ,inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition ,,to4 ,,rule ,,xx4--,,p>ticiples4 ,p>ticiples relate to n\ns or pron\ns1 or else are gov]n$ by prepositions4 ,,rule ,,xxi4--,,adv]bs4 ,adv]bs relate to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs4 ,,rule ,,xxii4--,,conjunctions4 ,conjunctions connect words1 s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,,rule ,,xxiii4--,,prepositions4 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m4 ,,rule ,,xxiv4--,,int]jections4 ,int]jections h no dep5d5t con/ruction2 !y are put absolute1 ei!r alone1 or ) o!r words4 ,,g5]al ,,or ,,critical ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,syntax4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,an explanation ( ! relation1 agreem5t1 gov]nm5t1 & arrangem5t1 ( words 9 s5t5ces1 con/itutes t "p ( gramm> :i* we call ,syntax4 ,b _m gramm>ians1 repres5t+ ?is bran* ( _! subject z consi/+ ( two p>ts only1 concord & gov]nm5t say little or no?+ ( ! relation & arrangem5t ( words1 except z ^! are involv$ 9 ! o!rs4 ,! f\r ?+s are ess5tially diff]5t 9 _! nature1 z may be se5 by ! def9itions giv5 above1 yet n s di/9ct 9 practice t !y c well be made ! basis ( any p]fect division ( ! rules ( syntax4 ,i h !re=e1 on ?is occasion1 pref]r$ ! ord] ( ! p>ts ( spee*2 ea* ( :i* w =m a *apt] 9 ! ,syntax ( ?is "w1 z ea* =ms a *apt] 9 ! ,etymology4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,agreem5t & concord are "o & ! same ?+4 ,relation & agreem5t1 ?\gh diff]5t1 may yet co9cide1 & be tak5 toge!r4 ,! latt] is moreov] naturally alli$ to ! =m]4 ,sev5 ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee* are1 ) a few exceptions1 incapable ( any agreem5t2 ( ^! ! relation & use mu/ be expla9$ 9 p>s+2 & all requisite agreem5t betwe5 any ( ! re/1 is conf9$ to words t relate to ea* o!r4 ,= "o ^w may relate to an o!r & n agree ) x2 b !re is nev] any necess>y agreem5t betwe5 words t h n a relation "o to ! o!r1 or a connexion accord+ to ! s5se4 ,any simil>ity happ5+ betwe5 unconnect$ words1 is no syntactical concord1 ?\gh x may rank ! t]ms 9 ! same class etymologically4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,f ^! obs]vations x may be se51 t ! mo/ important & mo/ compreh5sive pr9ciple ( ,engli% syntax1 is ! simple ,relation ( words1 accord+ to ! s5se4 ,to ?is head alone1 ought to be ref]r$ all ! rules ( con/ruction by :i* our articles1 our nom9atives1 our adjectives1 our p>ticiples1 our adv]bs1 our conjunctions1 our prepositions1 & our int]jections1 are to be p>s$4 ,to ! ord9>y syntactical use ( any ( ^!1 no rules ( concord1 gov]nm5t1 or position1 c at all apply4 ,yet s defective & errone\s are ! s*emes ( syntax :i* are commonly f\nd 9 our ,engli% gramm>s1 t no rules ( simple relation1 none by :i* any ( ! above-nam$ p>ts ( spee* c be consi/5tly p>s$1 are 9 g5]al to be f\nd 9 !m4 ,if !re are any exceptions to ?is c5sure1 !y are v few1 & 9 treatises /ill m>k$ ) gl>+ defects 9 reg>d to ! syntax ( "s ( ^! p>ts ( spee*4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,gramm>ians1 ( c\rse1 d n utt] falsehoods int5tionally2 b x is lam5table to see h[ (t5 !y p]v]t doctr9e by untru?s utt]$ ignorantly4 ,x is ! design ( ?is p&ect1 to make e "o :o reads x1 an intellig5t judge ( ! p]v]sions1 z well z ( ! true doctr9es1 ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,! foll[+ citations w %[ him ! scope & p>ts :i* h commonly be5 assign$ to our syntax3 ,! con/ruction ( s5t5ces dep5ds pr9cipally ^u ! concord or agreem5t1 & ! regim5 or gov]nm5t1 ( words4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fh2 ,*ur*ill's1 #abj4 ,words 9 s5t5ces h a tw(old relation to "o ano!r2 namely1 t ( ,concord or ,agreem5t2 & t ( ,gov]nm5t or ,influ5ce4--,dr4 ,adam's ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #aea4 ,! ?ird "p ( ,gramm> is ,,syntax1 :i* treats ( ! agreem5t & con/ruction ( words 9 a s5t5ce4--,e4 ,g4 ,gre5e's ,grammatical ,text-,book1 p4 #ae4 ,syntax pr9cipally consi/s ( two p>ts1 ,concord & ,gov]nm5t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adb2 ,+]soll's1 #agj2 ,alg]'s1 #ea2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #aai2 & _m o!rs4 ,syntax consi/s ( two p>ts1 ,concord & ,gov]nm5t4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #age2 ,wright's1 #abd4 ,! ,rules ( ,syntax may all be includ$ "u ?ree heads1 ,concord1 ,gov]nm5t1 & ,position4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,position means ! place :i* a ^w occupies 9 a s5t5ce4--,ib4 ,^! rules may be mo/ly rank$ "u ! two heads ( agreem5t & gov]nm5t2 ! rema9d] may be t]m$ miscellane\s4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,syntax treats ( ! agreem5t1 gov]nm5t & prop] arrangem5t ( words 9 a s5t5ce4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,?is la/-nam$ au?or1 9 t\*+ ! text ( my books1 has (t5 corrupt$ x1 z he does "h2 b my def9itions ( ! t5ses he copi$ )\t m>r+ !m mu*4 ,! borr[+ occurr$ z e>ly z #ahbh1 & ,i add ?is notice n[1 le/ any %\ld suppose me ! plagi>i/4 ,,obs4 #e4--,mo/ ( our ,engli% gramm>s h m rules ( syntax ?an are ne$$1 & yet are v defici5t 9 su* z are ne$$4 ,to say1 z "s d1 t articles1 adjectives1 & p>ticiples1 agree ) n\ns1 is to tea* ,greek or ,lat9 syntax1 & n ,engli%4 ,to ?r[1 z ,nutt+ does1 ! :ole syntax ( adv]bs into a rem>k on su* a rule ( agreem5t1 is to *oose disord] = its own sake4 ,to say1 ) ,fro/1 ,hall1 ,smi?1 ,p]ley1 ,kirkham1 ,sanborn1 ,r&1 & o!rs1 ,! nom9ative case gov]ns ! v]b 9 numb] & p]son1 & aga91 ,a v]b mu/ agree ) its nom9ative case 9 numb] & p]son1 is to conf\nd ! mean+ ( gov]nm5t & agreem5t1 to say ! same ?+ 9 diff]5t words1 & to leave ! subject ( a v]b /ill )\t a rule3 = rules ( gov]nm5t are applicable only to ! words gov]n$1 & no?+ ev] agrees ) t :i* gov]ns x4#cbe ,to say1 ) ,murray & o!rs1 ,p>ticiples h ! same gov]nm5t z ! v]bs f :i* !y are d]iv$1 is to say no?+ by :i* ei!r v]bs or p>ticiples may be p>s$1 or any ( _! errors correct$3 ^? _m gramm>ians1 !re=e1 :o make ?is _! only rule = p>ticiples1 leave !m all )\t any syntax4 ,to say1 ) ,murray1 ,alg]1 & o!rs1 ,adv]bs1 ?\gh !y h no gov]nm5t ( case1 t5se1 c41 require an appropriate situation 9 ! s5t5ce1 is to squ&] words at r&om1 & leave ! important "q unansw]$1 ,to :at d adv]bs relate8 ,to say aga91 ) ! same g5tlem51 ,conjunctions connect ! same moods & t5ses ( v]bs1 & cases ( n\ns & pron\ns1 is to put an ungrammatical1 obscure1 & useless ass]tion1 9 ! place ( an important rule4 ,to say m]ely1 ,prepositions gov]n ! objective case1 is to re/ all ! syntax ( prepositions on a rule t nev] applies to !m1 b :i* is meant only = "o ( ! con/ructions ( ! objective case4 ,to say1 z _m d1 ,int]jections require ! objective case ( a pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son aft] !m1 & ! nom9ative case ( ! second1 is to tell :at is utt]ly false z ! words /&1 & by no means true 9 ! s5se :i* ! au?ors int5d4 ,f9ally1 to suppose1 ) ,murray1 t1 ! ,int]jection does n require a di/9ct1 appropriate rule1 is 9 admirable keep+ ) all ! =ego+ quotations1 & especially ) 8 notion ( :at x does require2 namely1 ! objective case ( ! fir/ p]son3 b :o d>es d5y t ! foll[+ exclamation is good ,engli%8 ,o wret*$ we6 :y 7 we hurri$ d[n ,?is lubric & adult]ate age6--,dryd54 ,,obs4 #f4--,! tru? ( any doctr9e 9 sci5ce1 c be no?+ else ?an its con=mity to facts1 or to ! nature ( ?+s2 & *iefly by :at he kn[s ( ! ?+s !mselves1 mu/ any "o judge ( :at o!rs say conc]n+ !m4 ,errone\s or inadequate views1 confus$ or inconsi/5t /atem5ts1 are ! peculi> prop]ty ( ^? :o advance !m2 !y h1 9 reality1 no relation%ip to sci5ce itself1 because !y orig9ate 9 ignorance2 b all sci5ce is k--x is k me?odiz$4 ,:at g5]al rules are requisite = ! syntactical p>s+ ( ! sev]al p>ts ( spee* 9 ,engli%1 may be se5 at once by any "o :o w consid] = a mom5t ! usual con/ruction ( ea*4 ,! correction ( false syntax1 9 its v>i\s =ms1 w require m--yes1 five times z _m2 b su* ( ^! z answ] only ! latt] purpose1 are1 ,i ?9k1 bett] res]v$ = notes "u ! pr9cipal rules4 ,! doctr9es :i* ,i conceive mo/ wor?y to =m ! lead+ canons ( our syntax1 are ^? :i* are express$ 9 ! tw5ty-f\r rules above4 ,if o!r au?ors pref] m1 or few]1 or diff]5t pr9ciples = _! *ief rules1 ,i mu/ suppose1 x is because !y h /udi$ ! subject less4 ,bias$1 z we may be1 bo? by our k & by our ignorance1 x is easy = m5 to diff] respect+ matt]s ( exp$i5cy2 b t cle>ness1 ord]1 & consi/5cy1 are bo? exp$i5t1 & requisite1 9 didactic compositions1 is :at none c d\bt4 ,,obs4 #g4--,^? ,engli% gramm>ians :o tell u1 z above1 t syntax is divid$ into p>ts1 or includ$ "u a c]ta9 numb] ( heads1 h almo/ univ]sally contradict$ !mselves by treat+ ! subject )\t any reg>d to su* a division2 &1 at ! same "t1 n a few h someh[ be5 l$ into ! gross error ( suppos+ broad pr9ciples ( concord or gov]nm5t :]e no su* ?+s exi/4 ,= example1 !y h inv5t$ g5]al ,,rules l ^!3 ,! adjective agrees ) its n\n 9 numb]1 case1 & g5d]4--,b+ham's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,int]jections gov]n ! nom9ative case1 & sometimes ! objective3 z1 ',o ?\6 alas me6'--,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,adjectives agree ) _! n\ns 9 numb]4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,p>ticiples agree ) _! n\ns 9 numb]4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,e adjective agrees 9 numb] ) "s sub/antive express$ or und]/ood4-- ,hiley's ,gram41 ,rule #h?1 p4 #gg4 ,! article ,,! agrees ) n\ns 9 ei!r numb]3 z1 ,! wood1 ! woods4--,bucke's ,classical ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #hd4 ,o6 oh6 ah6 require ! accusative case ( a pron\n 9 ! fir/ p]son aft] !m3 z ',ah me6' ,b :5 ! second p]son is us$1 x requires a nom9ative case3 z1 ',o ?\6'--,ib41 p4 #hg4 ,two or m ,nom9atives 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 connect$ by ! ,conjunction or1 nor1 ,,ei!r1 ,,nei!r1 gov]n a s+ul> ,v]b4 ,b ,pron\ns s+ul>1 ( diff]5t p]sons1 jo9$ by or1 ,,ei!r1 nor1 ,,nei!r1 gov]n a plural ,v]b4--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,"o ,nom9ative frequ5tly gov]ns _m ,v]bs4--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,p>ticiples are sometimes gov]n$ by ! article4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aib4 ,an adv]b1 an adjective1 or a p>ticiple1 may involve 9 itself ! =ce ( a preposition1 & gov]n ! objective case4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,! nom9ative case gov]ns ! v]b4 #cbf--;,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #cb2 ,kirkham's1 #agf2 & o!rs4 ,! nom9ative case comes be=e ! v]b4--,b+ham's ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,wilbur & ,liv+/on's1 #bc4 ,! ,v]b ,,to ,,be1 always gov]ns a ,nom9ative1 unless x be ( ! ,inf9itive ,mood4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #id4 ,a v]b 9 ! inf9itive mood may be gov]n$ by a v]b1 n\n1 adjective1 p>ticiple1 or pron\n4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ahg4 ,or1 7z a sub/itute = ! =ego+ rule17 say1 accord+ to ?is au?or3 ,a v]b 9 ! inf9itive mood1 ref]s to "s n\n or pron\n1 z its subject or actor4--,ib41 p4 #ahh4 ,n[ :at does he "k ( ,engli% gramm>1 :o supposes any ( ^! rules to be wor?y ( ! place :i* !y hold1 or h held1 9 ! halls ( in/ruction8 ,,obs4 #h4--;,x is a v common fault ) ! compil]s ( ,engli% gramm>s1 to jo9 toge!r 9 ! same rule ! syntax ( diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 unit+ laws t mu/ ev] be appli$ sep>ately 9 p>s+4 ,= example3 ,,rule ,,xi4 ,articles & adjectives relate to n\ns express$ or und]/ood2 & ! adjectives ?is1 t1 "o1 two1 mu/ agree 9 numb] ) ! n\ns to :i* !y relate4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,n[1 9 p>s+ an article1 :y %\ld ! le>n] h to tell all ?is /ory ab\t adjectives8 ,su* a mode ( express+ ! rule1 is c]ta9ly 9 bad ta/e2 &1 aft] all1 ! syntax ( adjectives is n "h compris$1 = !y (t5 relate to pron\ns4 ,,rule ,,iii4 ,e adjective & p>ticiple belongs to "s n\n or pron\n express$ or und]/ood4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,"h a compil] :o 9 8 etymology supposes p>ticiples to be v]bs1 all[s !m no o!r con/ruction ?an t ( adjectives4 ,8 rule implicitly d5ies t !y c ei!r be p>ts ( _! v]bs 9 ! =mation ( t5ses1 or be gov]n$ by prepositions 9 ! "* ( g]unds4 ,to suppose t a n\n may gov]n ! objective case1 is bo? absurd 9 itself1 & contr>y to all au?ority2 yet1 among 8 =ty-n9e rules1 ?is au?or has ! foll[+3 ,,rule ,,xxv4 ,a p>ticipial n\n is sometimes gov]n$ by a preposition1 & may gov]n an objective case2 z1 ',george is too fond ( wa/+ "t 9 trifles4'--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,"h aga9 is ! fault ( :i* ,i am speak+1 two rules 9 "o2 & ?is fault is comb9$ ) an o!r /ill worse4 ,wa/+ is a p>ticiple1 gov]n$ by (2 & "t is a n\n1 gov]n$ by wa/+4 ,! latt] is a decl9able ^w1 & f\nd 9 ! objective case2 ! =m] is indecl9able1 & f\nd 9 no case4 ,x is an error to suppose t cases are ! only ?+s :i* are susceptible ( be+ gov]n$2 nor is ! brief rule1 ,prepositions gov]n ! objective case1 s v cle> a maxim z nev] to be misappreh5d$4 ,if ! le>n] inf] f x1 t all prepositions mu/ necess>ily gov]n ! objective case1 or t ! objective case is always gov]n$ by a preposition1 he w be l$ into a great mi/ake4 ,,obs4 #i4--,?is error ( cr[d+ ?+s toge!r1 is /ill m conspicu\s 9 ! foll[+ examples3 ,,rule ,,iv4 ,e article1 adjective1 & p>ticiple1 mu/ qualify "s n\n1 or pron\n1 ei!r express$ or und]/ood4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,,rule ,,ix4 ,! objective case is gov]n$ by a transitive v]b or a preposition1 usually com+ be=e x4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,"h an au?or :o sep>ates p>ticiples f v]bs1 has attempt$ fir/ to compress ! entire syntax ( ?ree diff]5t p>ts ( spee* into "o %ort rule2 &1 secondly1 to embrace all ! =ms ( dep5d5ce1 incid5t to objective n\ns & pron\ns1 9 an o!r z %ort4 ,?is brevity is a poor ex*ange = ! ord] & di/ribution :i* x prev5ts--especially z none ( its objects are "h rea*$4 ,articles d n relate to pron\ns1 unless ! obsolete phrase ! :i* is to be reviv$2#cbg p>ticiples h o!r con/ructions ?an ^? :i* adjectives admit2 !re are exceptions to ! rules :i* tie articles to n\ns1 & adjectives to n\ns or pron\ns2 & ! objective case may n only be gov]n$ by a p>ticiple1 b may be put 9 apposition ) an o!r objective4 ,! objective case 9 ,engli% usually /&s = ! ,lat9 g5itive1 dative1 accusative1 & ablative2 h5ce any rule t %all embrace ! :ole con/ruction ( ?is "o case1 w be ! sole c\nt]p>t to f\r fif?s ( all ! rules 9 any code ( ,lat9 syntax4 ,= ,i imag9e ! con/ruction ( ^! f\r oblique cases1 w be f\nd to occupy at lea/ t proportion ( ! syntactical rules & notes 9 any ,lat9 gramm> t c be f\nd4 ,su* rules1 h[ev]1 are (t5 plac$ "u false or equivocal titles2#cbh z if !y conta9$ ! con/ruction ( ! gov]n+ words1 r ?an t ( ! gov]n$4 ,& ?is latt] error1 aga91 has be5 transf]r$ to mo/ ( our ,engli% gramm>s1 to ! exclusion ( any rule = ! prop] con/ruction ( p>ticiples1 ( adv]bs1 ( conjunctions1 ( prepositions1 or ( int]jections4 ,see ! syntax ( ,murray & 8 copyi/s1 ^: treatm5t ( ^! p>ts ( spee* is notic$ 9 ! fif? obs]vation above4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,x is d\btless mo/ conv5i5t1 t1 9 all rules = ! con/ruction ( cases1 n\ns & pron\ns be tak5 toge!r2 because ! v same doctr9es apply equally well to bo?1 & a case is z di/9ct a ?+ 9 ! m9d1 z a "p ( spee*4 ,?is me?od1 !re=e1 ,i h myself pursu$2 & x has inde$ ! au?ority ( all gramm>ians--n except+ ^? :o violate its pr9ciples by adopt+ two special rules = ! relative pron\n1 :i* are n ne$$4 ,^! special rules1 :i* ,i %all notice aga9 h]eaft]1 may be se5 9 ,murray's ,rule #f?1 :i* is d\ble1 & conta9s !m bo?4 ,! mo/ complex rule t ,i h admitt$1 is t :i* embraces ! gov]nm5t ( objectives by v]bs & p>ticiples4 ,! regim5 by v]bs1 & ! regim5 by p>ticiples1 may n improp]ly be reckon$ di/9ct pr9ciples2 b ! ne> alliance ( p>ticiples to _! v]bs1 seems to be a suffici5t reason = pref]r+ "o rule to two1 9 ?is in/ance4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,an o!r common fault 9 ! treatm5t ( ?is "p ( gramm>1 is ! practice ( mak+ _m ( ! rules d\ble1 or ev5 triple1 9 _! =m4 ,( ,l4 ,murray's tw5ty-two rules1 = in/ance1 !re are six :i* sev]ally consi/ ( two di/9ct p>agraphs2 & "o is compos$ ( ?ree su* p>ts1 ) examples "u ea*4 ,five o!rs1 ?\gh simple 9 _! =m1 are complex 9 _! doctr9e1 & liable to ! objections :i* h be5 urg$ above aga9/ ?is *>act]i/ic4 ,^! twelve1 !re=e1 ,i ei!r reject entirely f my catalogue1 or divide & simplify to fit !m = _! purpose4 ,9 %ort1 by comp>+ ! tw5ty-two rules :i* 7 adopt$ by ?is popul> gramm>ian1 ) ! tw5ty-f\r :i* are giv5 9 ?is "w1 ! read] may see1 t twelve ( ! =m] h pleas$ me too little to h any place at all among ! latt]1 & t none ( ! rema9+ t5 h be5 ?\ght wor?y to be copi$ )\t consid]able alt]ation4 ,nor are ! rules :i* ,i adopt1 m ne>ly co9cid5t ) ^? ( any o!r writ]4 ,i d n pr(f] to ! s*ools ! second-h& in/ructions ( a m]e compil]4 ,9 8 tw5ty-two rules1 indep5d5tly ( _! examples1 ,hurray has us$ six hundr$ & sev5te5 words1 ?us giv+ an av]age ( tw5ty-eight to ea* rule2 :]eas 9 ! tw5ty-f\r rules :i* are pres5t$ above1 ! words are b f\r hundr$ & ?irty-six1 mak+ ! av]age less ?an n9ete54 ,& yet ,i h n only divid$ "s ( 8 propositions & ext5d$ o!rs1 b1 by reject+ :at 0 useless or errone\s1 & fill+ up ! defici5cies :i* m>k 8 code1 ,i h deliv]$ twice ! am\nt ( doctr9e 9 two ?irds ( ! space1 & furni%$ elev5 important rules :i* are n conta9$ 9 8 gramm>4 ,?us mu*1 9 ?is place1 to ^? :o s frequ5tly ask1 ,:]e9 does y\r book diff] f ,murray's8 ,,obs4 #ab4--,( all ! sy/ems ( syntax1 or ( gramm>1 :i* x has be5 my =tune to exam9e1 a book :i* 0 fir/ publi%$ by ,rob9son & ,frankl9 ( ,new ,york 9 #ahci1 a fair-look+ duodecimo volume ( #chd pages1 "u ! brief b r o/5tati\s title1 ,,! ,,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language is1 ,i ?9k1 ! mo/ faulty1--! mo/ rem>kable = ! magnitude1 multitude1 & v>iety1 ( its /range errors1 inconsi/5cies1 & defects4 ,?is s+ul> p]=mance is ! "w ( ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce1 an it9]ant lectur] on gramm>1 :o dates 8 preface at ,rome1 ,n4 ,y41 ,decemb] #bi?1 #ahch4 ,its lead+ *>act]i/ic is boa/ful innovation2 x be+ fall ( ackn[l$g$ contempt = ! works ( o!r writ]s4--,p4 #cgi4 ,x lays claim to s+ul>ity z a m]it1 & boa/s ( a new ?+ "u ! sun--9 a !ory ,,radically ,,new1 a ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language2 some?+ :i* ,i believe1 says ! au?or1 has ,,nev] ,,be=e ,,be5 ,,f\nd4--,p4 #i4 ,! old s*ola/ic notion1 t because ,cu/om is ! arbitress ( spee*1 novelty is exclud$ f gramm>1 ?is hopeful re=m] ?or\ghly condemns2 repudiat+ ?is s5tim5t to ! full ext5t ( x1 7ib47 & writ+ 8 !ory z ?\gh he _h nev] se5 a book1 entitl$ an ,engli% ,gramm>4--,ib4 ,&1 = all ! ends ( good le>n+1 x w\ld h be5 z well or bett]1 if he nev] _h4 ,8 passion = novelty has l$ him n only to ab&on or misapply1 9 an unprec$5t$ degree1 ! usual t]ms ( ! art1 b to disreg>d 9 _m in/ances its mo/ unque/ionable pr9ciples1 univ]sal z well z p>ticul>4 ,8 p>ts ( spee* are ! foll[+ t53 ,names1 ,sub/itutes1 ,ass]t]s1 ,adnames1 ,modifi]s1 ,relatives1 ,connectives1 ,int]rogatives1 ,repli]s1 & ,exclamations4--,! ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,8 names are n\ns2 8 sub/itutes are pron\ns1 & any adjectives ^: n\ns are n express$2 8 ass]t]s are v]bs & p>ticiples1 ?\gh ! latt] ass]t no?+2 8 adnames are articles1 adjectives ^: n\ns or pron\ns are express$1 & adv]bs t relate to adjectives2 8 modifi]s are su* adv]bs z modify ! s5se or s\nd ( a :ole s5t5ce2 8 relatives are prepositions1 "s ( :i* gov]n no object2 8 connectives are conjunctions1 ) c]ta9 adv]bs & phrases2 8 int]rogatives & repli]s are new p>ts ( spee*1 v lamely expla9$2 8 exclamations are int]jections1 & phrases us$ indep5d5tly2 z1 ,o hapless *oice6--,! ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,9 p>s+1 he f9ds a _w ( accommodatives2 z1 ,john is m ?an five ye>s old] ?an ,william4--,ib4 p4 #bjb4 ,"h he calls ! :ole phrase m ?an five ye>s a second>y adname i4 e41 adjective4 ,b1 9 ! phrase1 m ?an five ye>s aft]w>ds1 he w\ld call ! same words a second>y modifi]2 i4 e41 adv]b4--,ib41 p4 #bjc4 ,&1 9 ! phrase1 m ?an five ye>s be=e ! w>1 he w\ld call !m a second>y relative2 i4 e41 preposition4--,ib41 p4 #bjd4 ,& s ( o!r phrases innum]able4 ,8 cases are five1 two ( :i* are new1 ! ,indep5d5t & ! ,tw(old case4 ,8 indep5d5t case is sometimes ! nom9ative 9 =m1 z ?\ & %e2 7p4 #fb27 sometimes ! objective1 z1 me & him2 7p4 #fb & p4 #aii27 sometimes errone\sly suppos$ to be ! subject ( a f9ite v]b2 :ile 8 nom9ative is sometimes z errone\sly said to h no v]b4 ,8 code ( syntax has two sorts ( rules1 ,analytical & ,syn!tical4 ,! =m] are pr(ess$ly sev5te5 9 numb]2 b1 _m ( !m consi/+ ( two1 ?ree1 or f\r di/9ct p>ts1 _! real numb] is m prop]ly ?irty-f\r4 ,! latt] are reckon$ =ty-five2 b if we c\nt _! sep>ate p>ts1 !y are fifty-six3 & ^! ) ! o!rs make n9ety4 ,i %all n p>ticul>ize _! faults4 ,all ( !m are :imsically conceiv$ & badly writt54 ,9 %ort1 _h ! au?or artfully design$ to turn ,engli% gramm> into a subject ( contempt & ridicule1 by z ugly a c>icature ( x z he c\ld possibly inv5t1 he c\ld nev] h hit ! m>k m exactly ?an he has done 9 ?is new !ory--?is ra% production1 on :i* he s s9c]ely prides himself4 ,alone z he is1 9 well-nigh all 8 op9ions1 behold h[ prettily he talks ( ,,common ,,s5se1 ! only sure f\ndation ( any !ory6 & says1 ,on ?is imp]i%able f\ndation--?is rock ( et]nal endurance--,i re> my sup]/ructure1 ! edifice ( sci5tific tru?1 ! temple ( ,grammatical consi/5cy6--,peirce's ,preface1 p4 #g4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,= ! tea*+ ( diff]5t languages1 x has be5 ?\ght v desirable to h a ,s]ies ( gramm>s1 ,greek1 ,lat91 ,engli%1 c41 all1 s f> z g5]al pr9ciples are conc]n$1 ^u ! same plan1 & z ne>ly 9 ! same words z ! g5ius ( ! languages w\ld p]mit4--,see ,bullions's ,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 pp4 iv & vi4 ,?is s*eme necess>ily dem&s a m9ute comp>ison n only ( ! sev]al languages !mselves1 b also ( ! v>i\s gramm>s 9 :i* _! pr9ciples1 :e!r g5]al or p>ticul>1 are develop$4 ,= by no o!r means c x be asc]ta9$ to :at ext5t uni=mity ( ?is k9d w be ei!r pr(itable to ! le>n]1 or consi/5t ) tru?4 ,"s books h be5 publi%$1 :i*1 x is pret5d$1 are ?us accommodat$ to "o an o!r1 & to ! languages ( :i* !y treat4 ,b1 9 view ( ! fact1 t ! ,lat9 or ! ,greek gramm>s n[ extant1 7to say no?+ ( ! ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & o!rs17 are almo/ z v>i\s & z faulty z ! ,engli%1 ,i am appreh5sive t ?is is a desid]atum n soon to be realiz$1--a design m plausible 9 ! prospectus1 ?an feasible 9 ! attempt4 ,at any rate1 ! gramm>s ( diff]5t languages mu/ ne$s diff] z mu* z d ! languages !mselves1 o!rwise "s ( _! pr9ciples w ( c\rse be false2 & we h already se5 t ! nonobs]vance ( ?is has be5 a fruitful s\rce ( error 9 respect to ,engli% syntax4 ,! a*ievem5t1 h[ev]1 is n altoge!r impossible1 if a man ( compet5t le>n+ w devote to x a suffici5t degree ( lab\r4 ,b ! m]e revis+ or alt]+ ( "s "o gramm> 9 ea* language1 c sc>cely am\nt to any ?+ m ?an a pret5ce ( improvem5t4 ,waiv+ ! pett9ess ( compil+ ^u ! basis ( an o!r man's compilation1 ! f\ndation ( a good gramm> = any language1 mu/ be bo? deep] & broad] ?an all ! works :i* ,pr(essor ,bullions has select$ to build ^u3 = ! ,greek1 ?an ,dr4 ,moor's ,elem5ta ,l+u1 ,grc2 = ! ,lat91 ?an ,dr4 ,adam's ,rudim5ts ( ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gramm>2 = ! ,engli%1 ?an ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm>1 or ,l5nie's ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gramm>2 :i* la/ "w1 9 fact1 ! le>n$ g5tleman pref]r$1 ?\gh he pret5ds to h m5d$ ! code ( ,murray4 ,b1 c]ta9ly1 ,l5nie nev] suppos$ himself a copyi/ ( ,murray2 nor 0 he to mu* ext5t an imitator ( him1 ei!r 9 me?od or 9 /yle4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,we h1 !n1 9 ?is new ,am]ican =m ( ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,l5nie's v compact little book1 alt]$1 enl>g$1 & be>+ on its title-page 7:i* is o!rwise 9 ! v words ( ,l5nie7 an o!r au?or's "n1 &1 9 its e>ly editions1 ! false & self-accus+ inscription1 7,,on ,,! ,,plan ,,( ,,murray',s ,,gramm>47 ,& ?is "w1 claim+ to h be5 approv$ by ! mo/ compet5t judges1 n[ *all5ges ! praise n only ( be+ bett] adapt$ to ! use ( academies & s*ools ?an any yet publi%$ b ( s pres5t+ ! rules & pr9ciples ( g5]al gramm>1 z t !y may apply to1 & be 9 p]fect h>mony )1 ! gramm>s ( ! dead languages-- ,recomm5dations1 p4 iv4 ,^! are admirable pr(essions = a critical au?or to publi%2 especially1 z e rule or pr9ciple ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 condemn+ z x mu/ :oev] violates x1 _c b be 9 p]fect h>mony ) e ?+ t is true4 ,9 ?is model = all gramm>s1 ,lat91 ,greek1 c41 ! doctr9es ( punctuation1 ( abbreviations1 & ( capital lett]s1 & also sections on ! rhetorical divisions ( a disc\rse1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( composition1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( prose composition1 & ! diff]5t k9ds ( poetry1 are made p>ts ( ! ,syntax2 :ile 8 h9ts = correct & elegant writ+1 & 8 section on ! composition ( lett]s & !mes1 :i* o!r writ]s suppose to belong r to syntax1 are "h subjo9$ z p>ts ( ,prosody4 ,9 ! ex]cises = p>s+ app5d$ to 8 ,etymology1 ! ,doctor furni%es tw5ty-five ,rules ( ,syntax1 :i*1 he says1 are n int5d$ to be committ$ to memory1 b to be us$ z directions to ! beg9n] 9 p>s+ ! ex]cises "u !m4--,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,!n1 = 8 syntax prop]1 he copies f ,l5nie1 ) "s alt]ations1 ?irty-f\r o!r rules1 n9e ( :i* are d\ble1 & all are jumbl$ toge!r by bo? au?ors1 )\t any reg>d to ! di/9ction ( concord & gov]nm5t1 s common 9 ! gramm>s ( ! dead languages1 & ev51 s f> z ,i c discov]1 )\t any pr9ciple ( arrangem5t :atev]4 ,!y pr(ess inde$ to h plac$ ^? rules fir/1 :i* are eaise/ sic--,,k? to le>n1 & (t5e/ to be appli$2 b ! syntax ( articles1 :i* ev5 on ?is pr9ciple %\ld h =m$ ! fir/ ( ! s]ies1 is plac$ by ,l5nie z ! ?irty-f\r? rule1 & by 8 am5d] z ! ?irty-second4 ,to all ?is complexity ! latt] adds tw5ty-two ,special ,rules1 ) an abundance ( ,notes ,obs]vations & ,rem>ks di/+ui%$ by ^! titles1 on "s pr9ciple :i* no "o b ! au?or c und]/&4 ,la/ly1 8 me?od ( syntactical p>s+ is n only mix$ up ) etymological que/ions & answ]s1 b 8 directions = x1 ) _! exemplification1 are p]plex+ly at v>iance ) 8 own specim5 ( ! p]=mance4 ,see 8 book1 pages #aca & #acc4 ,s mu* = ?is gr& s*eme4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,/rictures l ! =ego+1 did !y n involve ! def5ce ( gramm> itself1 s z to be> ^u int]e/s m important ?an ! success or failure ( an elem5t>y book1 might well be )held ?r\gh motives ( *>ity1 economy1 & peace4 ,!re is _m a gramm> n[ extant1 conc]n+ :i* a truly critical read] may "k m at fir/ sight1 ?an ev] did he t made x4 ,:at su* a read] w be incl9$ to rate b5ea? criticism1 an o!r p]haps w confid5tly pron\nce above x4 ,if my rem>ks are j1 let ! "o approve !m = ! o!r's sake4 ,= :at becomes ( ! tea*+ ( gramm>1 :5 t :i* is receiv$ z ! mo/ excell5t me?od1 mu/ be exempt$ f c5sure by reason ( its utt] wor?lessness8 ,& :at becomes ( ,univ]sal ,syntax1 :5 ! imp]fect sy/ems ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>s1 9 /ead ( be+ am5d$1 are modell$ to ! grosse/ faults ( :at is wor?less 9 our own8#cbi ,,obs4 #af4--,:at arrangem5t ( ,lat9 or ,greek syntax may be be/ 9 itself1 ,i am n n[ conc]n$ to %[4 ,lily did n divide 81 z o!rs h divid$ ! subject s9ce2 b fir/ /at$ briefly 8 ?ree concords1 & !n proce$$ to :at he call$ ! con/ruction ( ! sev]al p>ts ( spee*1 tak+ !m 9 _! ord]4 ,! ?ree concords ( ,lily are ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,( ! ,nom9ative & ,v]b2 to :i* ! accusative be=e an inf9itive1 & ! collective n\n ) a plural v]b1 are reckon$ exceptions2 :ile ! agreem5t ( a v]b or pron\n ) two or m n\ns1 is ref]r$ to ! figure syllepsis4 7#b47 ,( ! ,sub/antive & ,adjective2 "u :i* ! agreem5t ( p>ticiples1 & ( "s pron\ns1 is plac$ 9 ! =m ( a note4 7#c47 ,( ! ,relative & ,antec$5t2 aft] :i* ! two special rules = ! cases ( relatives are giv5 z und]p>ts4 ,dr4 ,adam divid$ 8 syntax into two p>ts2 ( ,simple ,s5t5ces1 & ( ,comp\nd ,s5t5ces4 ,8 ?ree concords are ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,( "o ,sub/antive ) an ,o!r2 :i* con/ruction is plac$ by ,lily & _m o!rs among ! figures ( syntax1 & is call$ apposition4 7#b47 ,( an ,adjective ) a ,sub/antive2 "u :i* pr9ciple1 we are told to take adjective pron\ns & p>ticiples4 7#c47 ,( a ,v]b ) a ,nom9ative2 "u :i*1 ! collective n\n ) a v]b ( ei!r numb]1 is notic$ 9 an obs]vation4 ,! con/ruction ( relatives1 ( conjunctions1 ( comp>atives1 & ( words put absolute1 ?is au?or res]ves = ! second "p ( 8 syntax2 & ! agreem5t ( plural v]bs or pron\ns ) jo9t nom9atives or antec$5ts1 :i* ,ruddiman places 9 an obs]vation on 8 f\r concords1 is "h absurdly reckon$ a "p ( ! con/ruction ( conjunctions4 ,v>i\s divisions & subdivisions ( ! ,lat9 syntax1 ) special dispositions ( "s p>ticul> pr9ciples ( x1 may be se5 9 ! elaborate gramm>s ( ,despaut]1 ,prat1 ,ruddiman1 ,grant1 & o!r writ]s4 ,& "h x may be prop] to obs]ve1 t1 ! mix+ ( syntax ) etymology1 aft] ! mann] ( ,+]soll1 ,kirkham1 ,r4 ,w4 ,gre51 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,sanborn1 ,felton1 ,haz51 ,p>khur/1 ,p>k] & ,fox1 ,weld1 & o!rs1 is a mod]n innovation1 p]nici\s to bo?2 ei!r topic be+ suffici5tly compreh5sive1 & suffici5tly difficult1 :5 !y are treat$ sep>ately2 & ea* hav+1 9 "s in/ances1 employ$ ! p5s ( able writ]s almo/ to ! exclusion ( ! o!r4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! syntax ( any language mu/ ne$s con=m to ! peculi>ities ( its etymology1 & also be consi/5t ) itself2 = all w expect bett] ?+s ( a s*ol>1 ?an to lay d[n positions 9 "o "p ( 8 gramm>1 t are irreconcilable ) :at he has /at$ 9 an o!r4 ,! ,engli% language1 hav+ few inflections1 has also few concords or agreem5ts1 & /ill few] gov]nm5ts4 ,articles1 adjectives1 & p>ticiples1 :i* 9 _m o!r languages agree ) _! n\ns 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & case1 h usually1 9 ,engli%1 no modifications 9 :i* !y c agree ) _! n\ns4 ,yet ,l[? says1 ,! adjective 9 ,engli%1 hav+ no v>iation ( g5d] & numb]1 _c b agree ) ! sub/antive 9 ^! respects4--,%ort ,introd4 to ,gram41 p4 #hf4 ,:at !n is ! agreem5t ( words8 ,c x be any?+ else ?an _! simil>ity 9 "s common prop]ty or modification8 ,& is x n obvi\s1 t no two ?+s 9 nature c at all agree1 or be alike1 except 9 "s quality or accid5t :i* belongs to ea* ( !m8 ,yet h[ (t5 h ,murray & o!rs1 z well z ,l[?1 =gott5 ?is6 ,to give "o in/ance out ( _m3 ,g5d] has respect only to ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! pron\ns1 he1 %e1 x4--,murray1 ,j4 ,peirce1 ,fl9t1 ,lyon1 ,bacon1 ,russell1 ,fisk1 ,maltby1 ,alg]1 ,mill]1 ,m]*ant1 ,kirkham1 & o!r c>eless copyi/s4 ,yet1 accord+ to ^! same g5tlem51 ,g5d] is ! di/9ction ( n\ns1 ) reg>d to sex2 &1 ,pron\ns mu/ always agree ) _! antec$5ts1 & ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d]4 ,n[1 n "o ( ^! ?ree c>eless ass]tions c possibly be reconcil$ ) ei!r ( ! o!rs6 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,gov]nm5t has respect only to n\ns1 pron\ns1 v]bs1 p>ticiples1 & prepositions2 ! o!r five p>ts ( spee* nei!r gov]n nor are gov]n$4 ,! gov]n+ words may be ei!r n\ns1 or v]bs1 or p>ticiples1 or prepositions2 ! words gov]n$ are ei!r n\ns1 or pron\ns1 or v]bs1 or p>ticiples4 ,9 p>s+1 ! le>n] mu/ rememb] t ! rules ( gov]nm5t are n to be appli$ to ! gov]n+ words1 b to ^? :i* are gov]n$2 & :i*1 = ! sake ( brevity1 are (t5 te*nically nam$ aft] ! p>ticul> =m or modification assum$2 z1 possessives1 objectives1 inf9itives1 g]undives4 ,^! are ! only ?+s 9 ,engli%1 t c prop]ly be said to be subject to gov]nm5t2 & ^! are always s1 9 _! own names2 unless we except su* inf9itives z /& 9 ! place ( nom9atives4 ,g]undives are p>ticiples gov]n$ by prepositions2 b1 !re be+ little or no occasion to di/+ui% ^! f o!r p>ticiples1 we seldom use ?is "n4 ,! ,lat9 ,g]und diff]s f a p>ticiple1 & ! ,engli% ,g]undive diff]s f a p>ticipial n\n4 ,! p>ticipial n\n may be ! subject or ! object ( a v]b1 or may gov]n ! possessive case be=e x1 l any o!r n\n2 b ! true ,engli% g]undive1 be+ ess5tially a p>ticiple1 & gov]n+ an object aft] x1 l any o!r p>ticiple1 is itself gov]n$ only by a preposition4 ,at lea/1 ?is is its usual & all[$ con/ruction1 & no o!r is ackn[l$g$ to be indisputably "r4 ,,obs4 #ai4--,! simple ,relations ( words 9 ,engli%1 7or ^? sev]al uses ( ! p>ts ( spee* :i* we may ref] to ?is head17 are ! foll[+ n9e3 7#a47 ,( ,articles to n\ns1 by ,rule #a/2 7#b47 ,( ,nom9atives to v]bs1 by ,rule #b;d2 7#c47 ,( ,nom9atives absolute or indep5d5t1 by ,rule #h?2 7#d47 ,( ,adjectives to n\ns or pron\ns1 by ,rule #i?2 7#e47 ,( ,p>ticiples to n\ns or pron\ns1 by ,rule #bj?2 7#f47 ,( ,adv]bs to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 c41 by ,rule #ba/2 7#g47 ,( ,conjunctions z connect+ words1 phrases1 or s5t5ces1 by ,rule #bbnd2 7#h47 ,( ,prepositions z %[+ ! relations ( ?+s1 by ,rule #bc;d2 7#i47 ,( ,int]jections z be+ us$ indep5d5tly1 by ,rule #bd?4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,! syntactical ,agreem5ts 9 ,engli%1 ?\gh actually mu* few] ?an ^? :i* occur 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 or ,fr5*1 may easily be s reckon$ z to am\nt to d\ble1 or ev5 triple1 ! numb] usually spok5 ( by ! old gramm>ians4 ,! tw5ty-f\r rules above1 embrace ! foll[+ t5 heads1 :i* may n improp]ly be tak5 = s _m di/9ct concords3 7#a47 ,( a ,n\n or ,pron\n 9 direct apposition ) ano!r1 by ,rule #c;d2 7#b47 ,( a ,n\n or ,pron\n aft] a v]b or p>ticiple n transitive1 by ,rule #f?2 7#c47 ,( a ,pron\n ) its antec$5t1 by ,rule #aj?2 7#d47 ,( a ,pron\n ) a collective n\n1 by ,rule #aa?2 7#e47 ,( a ,pron\n ) jo9t antec$5ts1 by ,rule #ab?2 7#f47 ,( a ,pron\n ) disjunct antec$5ts1 by ,rule #ac?2 7#g47 ,( a ,v]b ) its nom9ative1 by ,rule #ad?2 7#h47 ,( a ,v]b ) a collective n\n1 by ,rule #ae?2 7#i47 ,( a ,v]b ) jo9t nom9atives1 by ,rule #af?2 7#aj47 ,( a ,v]b ) disjunct nom9atives1 by ,rule #ag?4 ,to ^! may be add$ two o!r special concords1 less common & less important1 :i* w be expla9$ 9 notes "u ! rules3 7#aa47 ,( "o ,v]b ) an o!r1 9 mood1 t5se1 & =m1 :5 two are connect$ s z to agree ) ! same nom9ative2 7#ab47 ,( ,adjectives t imply unity or plurality1 ) _! n\ns1 9 numb]4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,aga91 by a diff]5t mode ( reckon+ !m1 ! concords or ! g5]al pr9ciples ( agreem5t1 9 our language1 may be made to be only ?ree or f\r2 & "s ( ^! mu* less g5]al1 ?an !y are 9 o!r languages3 7#a47 ,words 9 apposition agree 9 case1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d2 ( :i* pr9ciple1 ,rule #f? may be consid]$ a modification4 7#b47 ,pron\ns agree1 ) _! n\ns1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 accord+ to ,rule #aj?2 ( :i* pr9ciple1 ,rules #aa?1 #ab?1 & #ac?1 may be reckon$ modifications4 7#c47 ,v]bs agree ) _! nom9atives1 9 p]son & numb]1 accord+ to ,rule #ad?2 ( :i* pr9ciple ,rules #ae?1 #af?1 & #ag?1 & ! occasional agreem5t ( "o v]b ) an o!r1 may be e/eem$ m]e modifications4 7#d47 ,"s adjectives agree ) _! n\ns 9 numb]4 ,^! make up ! twelve concords above enum]at$4 ,,obs4 #bb4--,! rules ( ,gov]nm5t 9 ! be/ ,lat9 gramm>s are ab\t sixty2 & ^! are usually di/ribut$ 7?\gh n v prop]ly7 "u ?ree heads2 #a4 ,( ,n\ns4 #b4 ,( ,v]bs4 #c4 ,( ,words indecl9able4-- ,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,regim5 e/ triplex3 #a4 ,nom9um4 #b4 ,v]borum4 #c4 ,vocum indecl9abilium4--,ruddiman's ,gram41 p4 #ach4 ,?is division ( ! subject br+s all ! titles ( ! rules wrong4 ,= example1 if ! rule be1 ,active v]bs gov]n ! accusative case1 ?is is n prop]ly ! gov]nm5t ( v]bs b r ! gov]nm5t ( ! accusative by v]bs4 ,at lea/1 su* titles are equivocal1 & likely to mislead ! le>n]4 ,! gov]nm5ts 9 ,engli% are only sev51 & ^! are express$1 p]haps ) suffici5t di/9ctness1 9 six ( ! =ego+ rules3 7#a47 ,( ,possessives by n\ns1 9 ,rule #d?2 7#b47 ,( ,objectives by v]bs1 9 ,rule #e?2 7#c47 ,( ,objectives by p>ticiples1 9 ,rule #e?2 7#d47 ,( ,objectives by prepositions1 9 ,rule #g?2 7#e47 ,( ,inf9itives by ! preposition to1 9 ,rule #ah?2 7#f47 ,( ,inf9itives by ! v]bs bid1 d>e1 c41 9 ,rule #ai?2 7#g47 ,( ,p>ticiples by prepositions1 9 ,rule #bj?4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,! ,arrangem5t ( words1 7:i* w be suffici5tly treat$ ( 9 ! obs]vations h]eaft] to be made on ! sev]al rules ( con/ruction17 is an important "p ( syntax1 9 :i* n only ! beauty b ! propriety ( language is intimately conc]n$1 & to :i* p>ticul> att5tion %\ld !re=e be paid 9 composition4 ,b x is to be rememb]$1 t ! m]e collocation ( words 9 a s5t5ce nev] affects ! me?od ( p>s+ !m3 on ! contr>y1 ! same words1 h[ev] plac$1 are always to be p>s$ 9 precisely ! same way1 s long z !y express precisely ! same mean+4 ,9 ord] to %[ t we h p>s$ any "p ( an inv]t$ or difficult s5t5ce rightly1 we are at lib]ty to decl>e ! mean+ by any arrangem5t :i* w make ! con/ruction m obvi\s1 provid$ we reta9 bo? ! s5se & all ! words unalt]$2 b to drop or alt] any ^w1 is to p]v]t ! text "u pret5ce ( resolv+ x1 & to make a mock]y ( p>s+4 ,gramm> rightly le>n$1 enables "o to und]/& bo? ! s5se & ! con/ruction ( :atsoev] is rightly writt52 & he :o reads :at he does n und]/&1 reads to little purpose4 ,) great indignity to ! muses1 sev]al pret5d]s to gramm> h fooli%ly taught1 t1 ,9 p>s+ poetry1 9 ord] to come at ! mean+ ( ! au?or1 ! le>n] w f9d x necess>y to transpose 8 language4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,see also ! books ( ,m]*ant1 ,wilcox1 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce1 ,hull1 ,smi?1 ,felton1 & o!rs1 to ! same effect4 ,to :at purpose c he transpose ! words ( a s5t5ce1 :o does n fir/ see :at !y mean1 & h[ to expla9 or p>se !m z !y /&8 ,,obs4 #bd4--;,errors innum]able h be5 introduc$ into ! common modes ( p>s+1 ?r\gh a false notion ( :at con/itutes a simple s5t5ce4 ,l[?1 ,adam1 ,murray1 ,g\ld1 ,smi?1 ,+]soll1 ,comly1 ,l5nie1 ,hiley1 ,bullions1 ,wells1 & _m o!rs1 say1 ,a simple s5t5ce has 9 x b "o subject1 & "o f9ite v]b3 z1 ',life is %ort4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,9 accordance ) ?is ass]tion1 "s assume1 t1 ,e nom9ative has its own v]b express$ or und]/ood2 & t1 ,e v]b 7except 9 ! inf9itive mood & p>ticiple7 has its own nom9ative express$ or und]/ood4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,! adopt]s ( ^! dogmas1 ( c\rse ?9k x "r to supply a nom9ative :5ev] !y d n f9d a sep>ate "o express$ = e f9ite v]b1 & a v]b :5ev] !y d n f9d a sep>ate "o express$ = e nom9ative4 ,?is mode ( int]pretation n only precludes ! agreem5t ( a v]b ) two or m nom9atives1 s z to r5d] nugatory two ( ! mo/ important rules ( ^! v g5tlem5's syntax2 b1 :at is worse1 x p]v]ts _m a pla91 simple1 & p]fect s5t5ce1 to a =m :i* its au?or did n *oose1 & a mean+ :i* he nev] int5d$4 ,suppose1 = example1 ! text to be1 ,a good con/itution & good laws make good subjects4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #aeb4 ,does n ! v]b make agree ) con/itution & laws1 tak5 conjo9tly8 & is x n a p]v]sion ( ! s5t5ce to int]pret x o!rwise8 ,away !n ) all ?is ne$less subaudition6 ,b :ile we ?us d5y t !re c be a true ellipsis ( :at is n necess>y to ! con/ruction1 x is n to be d5i$ t !re are true ellipses1 & 9 "s m5's /yle v _m4 ,! assumption ( ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce1 t no correct s5t5ce is elliptical1 & 8 impracticable project ( a gramm> f\nd$ on ?is pr9ciple1 are among ! grosse/ ( possible absurdities4 ,,obs4 #be4--;,dr4 ,wilson says1 ,!re may be sev]al subjects to ! same v]b1 sev]al v]bs to ! same subject1 or sev]al objects to ! same v]b1 & ! s5t5ce be simple4 ,b :5 ! s5t5ce rema9s simple1 ! same v]b mu/ be diff]5tly affect$ by its sev]al adjuncts1 or ! s5se liable to be alt]$ by a sep>ation4 ,if ! v]b or ! subject be affect$ 9 ! same mann]1 or ! s5t5ce is resolvable into m1 x is comp\nd$4 ,?us1 ',violet1 indigo1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 orange1 & r$1 mix$ 9 due proportion1 produce :ite1' is a simple s5t5ce1 = ! subject is indivisible4 ,b1 ',violet1 indigo1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 orange1 & r$1 are refrangible rays ( light1' is a comp\nd s5t5ce1 & may be sep>at$ into sev54--,essay on ,gram41 p4 #ahf4 ,! propriety ( ! di/9ction "h made1 is at lea/ que/ionable2 & ,i incl9e to consid] ! second example a simple s5t5ce1 z well z ! fir/2 because :at ! writ] calls a sep>ation into sev51 involves a *ange ( are to is1 & ( rays to ray1 z well z a sev5fold repetition ( ?is alt]$ pr$icate1 is a refrangible ray ( light4 ,b ! p>s]1 9 int]pret+ ! words ( o!rs1 & exp\nd+ ! con/ruction ( :at is writt51 has no "r to alt] any?+ 9 ?is mann]4 ,nor d ,i admit t he has a "r to ins]t or repeat any?+ ne$lessly2 = ! nature ( a s5t5ce1 or ! syntax ( "s ( its words1 may (t5 be alt]$ )\t *ange ( ! s5se1 or ( any ^w = an o!r3 z1 ',a wall sev5 feet high2' t is1 ',a wall :i* is sev5 feet high4'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ',he spoke & act$ prud5tly2' t is1 ',he spoke prud5tly1 & he act$ prud5tly4'--,ibid4 ',he spoke & act$ wisely2' t is1 ',he spoke wisely1 & he act$ wisely4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bai2 ,alg]'s1 #gj3 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #ahc2 ,weld's1 #aib2 & o!rs4 ,by ?is notion ( ellipsis1 ! connexion or jo9t relation ( words is de/roy$4 ,,obs4 #bf4--;,dr4 ,adam1 :o ?\ght ! division ( s5t5ces into simple & comp\nd1 ( suffici5t importance to be made ! basis ( a g5]al division ( syntax into two p>ts1 has def9$ a simple s5t5ce to be1 t :i* has b "o nom9ative1 & "o f9ite v]b2 & a comp\nd s5t5ce1 t :i* has m ?an "o nom9ative1 or "o f9ite v]b4 ,& ( ! latt] he gives ! foll[+ errone\s & self-contradictory acc\nt3 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce is made up ( two or m simple s5t5ces or phrases1 & is commonly call$ a ,p]iod4 ,! p>ts ( :i* a comp\nd s5t5ce consi/s1 are call$ ,memb]s or ,clauses4 ,9 e comp\nd s5t5ce !re are ei!r sev]al subjects & "o attribute1 or sev]al attributes & "o subject1 or bo? sev]al subjects & sev]al attributes2 t is1 !re are ei!r sev]al nom9atives appli$ to ! same v]b1 or sev]al v]bs appli$ to ! same nom9ative1 or bo?4 ,e v]b m>ks a judgm5t or attribute1 & e attribute mu/ h a subject4 ,!re mu/1 !re=e1 be 9 e s5t5ce or p]iod1 z _m propositions z !re are v]bs ( a f9ite mode4 ,s5t5ces are comp\nd$ by means ( relatives & conjunctions2 z1 ,happy is ! man :o love? religion1 & practise? virtue4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bjb2 ,g\ld's1 #aii2 & o!rs4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,n[ if e comp\nd s5t5ce consi/s ( su* p>ts1 memb]s1 or clauses1 z are 9 !mselves s5t5ces1 ei!r simple or comp\nd1 ei!r elliptical or complete2 x is pla91 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! t]m phrases is misappli$ above1 because a phrase is prop]ly only a "p ( "s simple s5t5ce4 ,& if a simple s5t5ce is t :i* has b "o nom9ative & "o f9ite v]b1 & a comp\nd s5t5ce is made up ( two or m simple s5t5ces1 x foll[s1 s9ce all s5t5ces are ei!r simple or comp\nd1 t1 9 no s5t5ce1 c !re be ei!r sev]al nom9atives appli$ to ! same v]b1 or sev]al v]bs appli$ to ! same nom9ative4 ,:at1 !re=e1 ?is au?or reg>d$ z ! *>act]i/ic ( all comp\nd s5t5ces1 is1 accord+ to 8 own previ\s positions1 utt]ly impossible to any s5t5ce4 ,nor is x less repugnant to 8 subsequ5t doctr9e1 t1 ,s5t5ces are comp\nd$ by means ( relatives & conjunctions2 =1 accord+ to 8 notion1 ,a conjunction is an indecl9able ^w1 :i* s]ves to jo9 s5t5ces toge!r4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #adi4 ,x is assum$1 t1 ,9 e s5t5ce !re mu/ be a v]b & a nom9ative express$ or und]/ood4--,ib41 p4 #aea4 ,n[ if !re happ5 to be two nom9atives to "o v]b1 z :5 x 0 said1 ,ev5 ! w9ds & ! sea obey him2 ?is _c be any?+ m ?an a simple s5t5ce2 because "o s+le v]b is a ?+ indivisible1 & h[ c we suppose x to =m ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( two diff]5t s5t5ces at once8 ,,obs4 #bh4--,! di/9ction1 or real diff]5ce1 betwe5 ^? simple s5t5ces 9 :i* two or m nom9atives or v]bs are tak5 conjo9tly1 & ^? comp\nd s5t5ces 9 :i* !re is an ellipsis ( "s ( ! nom9atives or v]bs1 is n always easy to be kn[n or fix$2 because 9 _m in/ances1 a suppos$ ellipsis1 )\t at all affect+ ! s5se1 may obvi\sly *ange ! con/ruction1 & consequ5tly ! nature ( ! s5t5ce4 ,= example3 ,& !y all =sook him1 & !y all fl$4--,m>k1 xiv1 #ej4 ,"s w say1 t ! words 9 brackets are "h und]/ood4 ,i may d5y x1 because !y are ne$less2 & no?+ ne$less c =m a true ellipsis4 ,to ! supply+ ( useless words1 if we admit ! pr9ciple1 !re may be no end2 & ! notion t conjunctions jo9 s5t5ces only1 op5s a wide door = x4 ,= example3 ,& t man 0 p]fect & upright1 & "o t fe>$ ,god1 & es*ew$ evil4--,job1 i1 #a4 ,no additional words w make ?is clause any pla9]1 & none are really necess>y to ! con/ruction2 yet "s gramm>ians w p>se x ) ! foll[+ impletions1 or m3 ,& t man 0 a p]fect man1 & he 0 an upright man1 & he 0 "o man t fe>$ ,god1 & t es*ew$ evil ?+s4 ,x is easy to see h[ ?is lib]ty ( int]pretation1 or ( int]polation1 w *ange simple s5t5ces to comp\nd s5t5ces1 z well z alt] ! nature & relation ( _m p>ticul> words2 & at ! same "t1 x takes away totally ^? peculi>ities ( con/ruction by :i* ,dr4 ,adam & o!rs w\ld recognize a s5t5ce z be+ comp\nd4 ,:at !n8 are !re n two k9ds ( s5t5ces8 ,yes1 truly2 b ^! au?ors are wrong 9 _! notions & def9itions ( bo?4 ,jo9t nom9atives or jo9t v]bs may occur 9 ei!r2 b !y belong prim>ily to "s simple s5t5ces1 & only = t reason are f\nd 9 any t are comp\nd4 ,a s5t5ce1 too1 may possibly be made comp\nd1 :5 a simple "o w\ld express ! :ole mean+ z well or bett]2 z1 ,& ,david smote ! ,phili/9es f ,geba until ?\ come to ,gaz]4--#b ,sam41 v1 #be4 ,"h1 if we omit ! words 9 ,italics1 ! s5t5ce w become simple1 n elliptical4 ,,! ,,analyz+ ,,( ,,s5t5ces4 ,to analyze a s5t5ce1 is1 to resolve x into "s species ( con/itu5t p>ts1 b mo/ prop]ly into words1 its fir/ significant elem5ts1 & to po9t out _! sev]al relations & p[]s 9 ! giv5 connexion4 ,! compon5t p>ts ( a s5t5ce are memb]s1 clauses1 phrases1 or words4 ,"s s5t5ces1 :i* are %ort & simple1 c only be divid$ into _! words2 o!rs1 :i* are long & complex1 may be resolv$ into p>ts aga9 & aga9 divisible4 ,( analysis applicable to s5t5ces1 !re are sev]al diff]5t me?ods2 &1 s f> z _! diff]5ce may compatibly aid ! application ( diff]5t pr9ciples ( ! sci5ce ( gramm>1 !re may be an advantage 9 ! occasional use ( ea*4 ,,fir/ ,,me?od ,,( ,,analysis4 ,s5t5ces n simple may be r$uc$ to _! con/itu5t memb]s1 clauses1 or simple s5t5ces2 & ! means by :i* ^! are unit$1 may be %[n4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,analyz$4 ,ev5 ! ,a!i/1 :o tells u t ! univ]se is self-exi/5t & inde/ructible--ev5 he1 :o1 in/ead ( see+ ! traces ( a manifold wisdom 9 its manifold v>ieties1 sees no?+ 9 !m all b ! exquisite /ructures & ! l(ty dim5sions ( mat]ialism--ev5 he1 :o w\ld despoil creation ( its ,god1 _c look ^u its gold5 suns1 & _! accompany+ sy/ems1 )\t ! solemn impression ( a magnific5ce t fixes & ov]p[]s him4--,,dr4 ,,*alm]s1 ,disc\rses on ,revelation & ,a/ronomy1 p4 #bca4 ,,analysis4--,?is is a comp\nd s5t5ce1 consi/+ ( ?ree complex memb]s1 :i* are sep>at$ by ! two da%es4 ,! ?ree memb]s are unit$ 9 "o s5t5ce1 by a susp5sion ( ! s5se at ea* da%1 & by two virtual repetitions ( ! subject1 ,a!i/ ?r\gh ! pron\n he1 put 9 ! same case1 & repres5t+ ?is n\n4 ,! s5se ma9ly int5d$ is n br\ght out till ! p]iod ends4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree memb]s is complex1 because ea* has n only a relative clause1 comm5c+ ) :o1 b also an antec$5t ^w :i* makes s5se ) _c look1 c4 ,! fir/ ( ^! relative clauses involves also a subord9ate1 supplem5t>y clause1--! univ]se is self-exi/5t & inde/ructible--introduc$ aft] ! v]b tells by ! conjunction t4 ,! la/ phrase1 )\t ! solemn impression1 c41 :i* is subjo9$ by )\t to _c look1 embraces likewise a subord9ate1 relative clause1--t fixes & ov]p[]s him1--:i* has two v]bs2 ! :ole1 antec$5t & all1 be+ b an adjunct ( an adjunct1 yet an ess5tial elem5t ( ! s5t5ce4 ,,second ,,me?od ,,( ,,analysis4 ,simple s5t5ces1 or ! simple memb]s ( comp\nd s5t5ces1 may be resolv$ into _! ,,pr9cipal & _! ,,subord9ate ,,p>ts2 ! subject1 ! v]b1 & ! case put aft] or gov]n$ by ! v]b1 be+ fir/ po9t$ out z ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts2 & ! o!r words be+ !n detail$ z ,,adjuncts to ^!1 accord+ to ,,! ,,s5se1 or z adjuncts to adjuncts4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,analyz$4 ,fe> naturally quick5s ! flight ( guilt4 ,rasselas c\ld n cat* ! fugitive1 ) 8 utmo/ ef=ts2 b1 resolv+ to we>y1 by p]sev]ance1 him :om he c\ld n surpass 9 spe$1 he press$ on till ! foot ( ! m\nta9 /opp$ 8 c\rse4--,,dr4 ,,johnson1 ,rasselas1 p4 #bc4 ,,analysis4--,! fir/ p]iod "h is a simple s5t5ce4 ,its pr9cipal p>ts are--,fe>1 quick5s1 flight2 ,fe> be+ ! subject1 quick5s ! v]b1 & flight ! object4 ,fe> has no adjunct2 naturally is an adjunct ( quick5s2 ! & ( guilt are adjuncts ( flight4 ,! second p]iod is compos$ ( sev]al clauses1 or simple memb]s1 unit$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is also a simple s5t5ce1 hav+1 ?ree pr9cipal p>ts--,rasselas1 c\ld cat*1 & fugitive2 ! subject1 ! v]b1 & its object1 9 _! ord]4 ,n is add$ to c\ld cat*1 rev]s+ ! mean+2 ! is an adjunct to fugitive2 ) jo9s its phrase to c\ld n cat*2 b 8 & utmo/ are adjuncts ( ef=ts4 ,! ^w b connects ! two *ief memb]s z p>ts ( "o s5t5ce4 ,resolv+ to we>y is an adjunct to ! pron\n he1 :i* /&s be=e press$4 ,by p]sev]ance1 is an adjunct to we>y4 ,him is gov]n$ by we>y1 & is ! antec$5t to :om4 ,:om he c\ld n surpass 9 spe$1 is a relative clause1 or subord9ate simple memb]1 hav+ ?ree pr9cipal p>ts--he1 c\ld surpass1 & :om4 ,n & 9 spe$ are adjuncts to ! v]b c\ld surpass4 ,he press$ on is an o!r simple memb]1 or s5t5ce1 & ! *ief clause "h us$1 ! o!rs be+ subjo9$ to ?is4 ,its pr9cipal p>ts are two1 he & press$2 ! latt] tak+ ! p>ticle on z an adjunct1 & be+ intransitive4 ,! words dep5d5t on ! nom9ative he1 7to wit1 resolv+1 c417 h already be5 m5tion$4 ,till is a conjunctive adv]b ( "t1 connect+ ! conclud+ clause to press$ on4 ,! foot ( ! m\nta9 /opp$ 8 c\rse1 is a subord9ate clause & simple memb]1 ^: pr9cipal p>ts are--! subject foot1 ! v]b /opp$1 & ! object c\rse4 ,! adjuncts ( foot are ! & ( ! m\nta92 ! v]b 9 ?is s5t5ce has no adjunct b c\rse1 :i* is bett] reckon$ a pr9cipal ^w2 la/ly1 8 is an adjunct to c\rse1 & gov]n$ by x4 ,,?ird ,,me?od ,,( ,,analysis4 ,s5t5ces may be p>tially analyz$ by a resolution into _! ,,subjects & _! ,,pr$icates1 a me?od :i* "s late gramm>ians h borr[$ f ! logicians2 ! grammatical subject ) its adjuncts1 be+ tak5 = ! logical subject2 & ! f9ite v]b1 :i* "s call ! grammatical pr$icate#ccj be+1 ) its subsequ5t case & ! adjuncts ( bo?1 d5om9at$ ! pr$icate1 or ! logical pr$icate4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,analyz$4 ,su* is ! empt9ess ( human enjoym5t1 t we are always impati5t ( ! pres5t4 ,atta9m5t is foll[$ by neglect1 & possession1 by disgu/4 ,few mom5ts are m pleas+ ?an ^? 9 :i* ! m9d is conc]t+ measures = a new und]tak+4 ,f ! fir/ h9t t wak5s ! fancy1 to ! h\r ( actual execution1 all is improvem5t & progress1 triumph & felicity4--,,dr4 ,,johnson1 ,rambl]4 ,,analysis4--,"h ! fir/ p]iod is a comp\nd s5t5ce1 conta9+ two clauses1--:i* are connect$ by t4 ,9 ! fir/ clause1 empt9ess is ! grammatical subject1 & ! empt9ess ( human enjoym5t is ! logical4 ,is "s w\ld call ! grammatical pr$icate1 & ,su* is1 or is su*1 ! logical2 b ! latt] consi/s1 z ! majority tea*1 ( ! copula is1 & ! attribute1 or pr$icate1 su*4 ,9 ! second clause1 7:i* expla9s ! import ( ,su*17 ! subject is we2 :i* is unmodifi$1 & 9 :i* !re=e ! logical =m & ! grammatical co9cide & are ! same4 ,are may "h be call$ ! grammatical pr$icate2 & are always impati5t ( ! pres5t1 ! logical4 ,! second p]iod1 too1 is a comp\nd s5t5ce1 hav+ two clauses1 :i* are connect$ by &4 ,atta9m5t is ! subject ( ! =m]2 &1 is foll[$ by neglect is ! pr$icate4 ,9 ! latt]1 possession alone is ! subject2 &1 is foll[$ by disgu/1 is ! pr$icate2 ! v]b is foll[$ be+ und]/ood at ! comma4 ,! ?ird p]iod1 likewise1 is a comp\nd1 hav+ ?ree p>ts1 ) ! two connectives ?an & :i*4 ,"h we h mom5ts = ! fir/ grammatical subject1 & ,few mom5ts = ! logical2 !n1 are = ! grammatical pr$icate1 & are m pleas+ = ! logical3 or1 if we *oose to say s1 = ! copula & ! attribute4 ,?an ^?1 is an elliptical memb]1 mean+1 ?an are ^? mom5ts1 or1 ?an ^? mom5ts are pleas+2 bo? subject & pr$icate are :olly suppress$1 except t ^? is reckon$ a "p ( ! logical subject4 ,9 :i* is an adjunct ( is conc]t+1 & s]ves well to connect ! memb]s1 because :i* repres5ts ^?1 i4e4 ^? mom5ts4 ,m9d1 or ! m9d1 is ! next subject ( affirmation2 & is conc]t+1 or1 is conc]t+ measures = a new und]tak+1 is ! pr$icate or matt] affirm$4 ,la/ly1 ! f\r? p]iod1 l ! re/1 is comp\nd4 ,! phrases comm5c+ ) ,f & to1 describe a p]iod ( "t1 & are adjuncts ( ! v]b is4 ,! =m] conta9s a subord9ate relative clause1 ( :i* t 7repres5t+ h9t7 is ! subject1 & wak5s1 or wak5s ! fancy1 ! pr$icate4 ,( ! pr9cipal clause1 ! ^w all1 tak5 z a n\n1 is ! subject1 :e!r grammatical or logical2 & ! copula1 or grammatical pr$icate1 is1 becomes1 ) its adjuncts & ! nom9atives foll[+1 ! logical pr$icate4 ,,f\r? ,,me?od ,,( ,,analysis4 ,all syntax is f\nd$ on ! ,,relation ( words "o to an o!r1 & ! ,,connexion ( clauses & phrases1 accord+ to ,,! ,,s5se4 ,h5ce s5t5ces may be1 9 "s sort1 analyz$1 & p]haps pr(itably1 by ! trac+ ( su* relation or connexion1 f l9k to l9k1 ?r\gh a s]ies ( words1 beg9n+ & end+ ) su* z are some:at remote f ea* o!r1 yet )9 ! p]iod4 ,?us3-- ,,examples ,,analyz$4 #a4 ,swift w\ld say1 ',! ?+ has n life en\gh 9 x to keep x sweet2' ,johnson1 ',! creature possesses n vitality suffici5t to pres]ve x f putrefaction4'--,,matt4 ,,h>rison1 on ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #ajb4 ,,analysis4--,:at is ! g5]al s5se ( ?is passage8 & :at1 ! *a9 ( connexion betwe5 ! words ,swift & putrefaction8 ,! p]iod is design$ to %[1 t ,swift pref]r$ words ( ,saxon orig92 & ,johnson1 ( ,lat94 ,x has 9 contra/ two cord9ate memb]s1 tacitly connect$3 ! v]b w\ld say be+ und]/ood aft] ,johnson1 & p]haps also ! p>ticle b1 aft] ! semicolon4 ,swift is ! subject ( w\ld say2 & w\ld say introduces ! clause aft] x1 z :at w\ld be said4 ,! relates to ?+2 ?+ is ! subject ( has2 has1 :i* is qualifi$ by n1 gov]ns life2 life is qualifi$ by ! adjective en\gh1 & by ! phrase1 9 x2 en\gh is ! prior t]m ( to2 to gov]ns keep2 keep gov]ns x1 :i* /&s = ! ?+2 & x1 9 lieu ( ! ?+1 is qualifi$ by sweet4 ,! *ief memb]s are connect$ ei!r by /&+ 9 contra/ z memb]s1 or by b1 und]/ood be=e ,johnson4 ,johnson is ! subject ( w\ld say1 und]/ood3 & ?is w\ld say1 aga9 introduces a clause1 z :at w\ld be said4 ,! relates to creature2 creature is ! subject ( possesses2 possesses1 :i* is qualifi$ by n1 gov]ns vitality2 vitality is qualifi$ by suffici5t2 suffici5t is ! prior t]m ( to2 to gov]ns pres]ve2 pres]ve gov]ns x1 & is ! prior t]m ( f2 & f gov]ns putrefaction4 #b4 ,!re is "o ,be+ to :om we c look ) a p]fect conviction ( f9d+ t security1 :i* no?+ ab\t u c give1 & :i* no?+ ab\t u c take away4--,,gre5wood2 ,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aib4cca ,,analysis4--,:at is ! g5]al /ructure ( ?is passage8 & :at1 ! *a9 ( connexion betwe5 ! words away & is8 ,! p]iod is a complex s5t5ce1 hav+ f\r clauses1 all connect$ toge!r by relatives2 ! second1 by :om1 to ! fir/ & *ief clause1 ,!re is "o ,be+2 ! ?ird & ! f\r?1 to ! second1 by :i* & :i*2 b ! la/ two1 hav+ ! same antec$5t1 security1 & be+ cord9ate1 are also connect$ "o to ! o!r by &4 ,z to ! *a9 ( connexion1 ,away relates to c take2 c take agrees ) its nom9ative no?+1 & gov]ns :i*2 :i* repres5ts security2 security is gov]n$ by f9d+2 f9d+ is gov]n$ by (2 ( ref]s back to conviction2 conviction is gov]n$ by )2 ) ref]s back to c look2 c look agrees ) we1 & is1 9 s5se1 ! antec$5t ( to2 to gov]ns :om2 :om repres5ts ,be+2 & ,be+ is ! subject ( is4 ,,fif? ,,me?od ,,( ,,analysis4 ,! be/ & mo/ ?or\gh me?od ( analysis is t ( ,,complete ,,syntactical ,,p>s+2 a me?od :i*1 = ! sake ( ord] & brevity1 %\ld ev] be kept free f all mixture ( etymological def9itions or reasons1 b :i* may be prec$$ or foll[$ by any ( ! =ego+ s*emes ( resolution1 if ! tea*] *oose to require any su* prelim9>y or subsidi>y exposition4 ,?is me?od is fully illu/rat$ 9 ! ,twelf? ,praxis bel[4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,me?ods ,,( ,,analysis4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! almo/ inf9ite v>iety 9 ! =ms ( s5t5ces1 w sometimes ?r[ difficulty 9 ! way ( ! analyz]1 be 8 s*eme or 8 skill :at x may4 ,! la/ f\r or five obs]vations ( ! prec$+ s]ies h %[n1 t ! di/9ction ( s5t5ces z simple or comp\nd1 :i* con/itutes ! *ief po9t ( ! ,fir/ ,me?od ( ,analysis above1 is n always pla91 ev5 to ! le>n$4 ,! def9itions & examples :i* ,i h giv51 w make x g5]ally s2 &1 :]e x is o!rwise1 ! "q or puzzle1 x is presum$1 _c (t5 be ( mu* practical importance4 ,if ! diff]5ce be n obvi\s1 x c h>dly be a mom5t\s error1 to mi/ake a phrase = an elliptical clause1 or to call su* a clause a phrase4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! ,second ,me?od above is1 ,i ?9k1 easi] ( application ?an any ( ! re/2 &1 if o!r analysis ?an ! regul> me?od ( p>s+ seem desirable1 ?is w probably be f\nd z useful z any4 ,!re is1 9 _m ( our popul> gramm>s1 "s recognition ( ! pr9ciples ( ?is analysis--"s m5tion ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 9 accordance ) :at are s call$ above1--& also1 9 a few1 "s succ9ct acc\nt ( ! p>ts call$ adjuncts2 b !re seems to h be5 no preval5t practice ( apply+ ^! pr9ciples1 9 any /at$ or well-dige/$ mann]4 ,l[?1 ,murray1 ,alg]1 ,w4 ,all51 ,h>t1 ,hiley1 ,+]soll1 ,wells1 & o!rs1 tell ( ^! ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts2--,l[? call+ !m1 ! ag5t1 ! attribute1 & ! object2 7,gram41 p4 #gb27--,murray1 & 8 copyi/s1 ,alg]1 ,+]soll1 & o!rs1 call+ !m1 ! subject1 ! attribute1 & ! object2--,hiley & ,h>t call+ !m1 ! subject or nom9ative1 ! attribute or v]b1 & ! object2--,all5 call+ !m1 ! nom9ative1 ! v]b1 & 7if ! v]b is active17 ! accusative gov]n$ by ! v]b2 & also say+1 ,! nom9ative is sometimes call$ ! subject2 ! v]b1 ! attribute2 & ! accusative1 ! object2--,wells call+ !m1 ! subject or nom9ative1 ! v]b1 & ! object2 & also recogniz+ ! adjuncts1 z a species :i* embraces all ! words ( a simple s5t5ce 1 except ! pr9cipal p>ts2--yet n m ?an two ( !m all appe>+ to h tak5 any ?\ght1 & !y b little1 ab\t ! =mal application ( _! common doctr9e4 ,9 ,all5's ,engli% ,gramm>1 :i* is "o ( ! be/1 & likewise 9 ,wells's1 :i* is equally priz$1 ?is r$uction ( all connect$ words1 or p>ts ( spee*1 into ! pr9cipal p>ts & ! adjuncts1 is fully recogniz$2 ! adjuncts1 too1 are discrim9at$ by ,all51 z ei!r prim>y or second>y1 nor are _! m p>ticul> species or relations ov]look$2 b ,i f9d no me?od prescrib$ = ! analysis int5d$1 except :at ,wells adopt$ 9 8 e>ly editions b has s9ce *ang$ to an o!r or ab&on$1 & no o!r allusion to x by1 ,all51 ?an ?is ,note1 :i*1 ) "s appe>ance ( intrusion1 is app5d$ to 8 ,me?od ( ,p>s+ ! ,inf9itive ,mood3--,! pupil may n[ beg9 to analyse analyze ! s5t5ces1 by di/+ui%+ ! pr9cipal words & _! adjuncts4--,w4 ,all5's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #beh4 ,,obs4 #c4--,^! au?ors 9 g5]al1 & _m m1 tell u1 ) "s v>iation ( words1 t ! ag5t1 subject1 or nom9ative1 is t ( :i* some?+ is said1 affirm$1 or d5i$2 t ! attribute1 v]b1 or pr$icate1 is t :i* is said1 affirm$1 or d5i$1 ( ! subject2 & t ! object1 accusative1 or case sequ5t1 is t :i* is introduc$ by ! f9ite v]b1 or affect$ by ! action affirm$4 ,l[? says1 ,9 ,engli% ! nom9ative case1 d5ot+ ! ag5t1 usually goes be=e ! v]b1 or attribution2 & ! objective case1 d5ot+ ! object1 foll[s ! v]b active4--,%ort ,introd41 p4 #gb4 ,murray copies1 b n lit]ally1 ?us3 ,! nom9ative d5otes ! subject1 & usually goes be=e ! v]b 1 or attribute2 & ! ^w or phrase1 d5ot+ ! object1 foll[s ! v]b3 z1 ',a wise man gov]ns 8 passions4' ,"h1 a wise man is ! subject2 gov]ns1 ! attribute1 or ?+ affirm$2 & 8 passions1 ! object4--,murray's ,octavo1 p4 #adb2 ,duodecimo1 #aaf4 ,to include ?us ! adjuncts ) _! pr9cipals1 z ! logicians d1 is "h manife/ly improp]2 because x unites :at ! grammatical analyz] is *iefly conc]n$ to sep>ate1 & t5ds to defeat ! ma9 purpose = :i* ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts are s nam$ & di/+ui%$4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! ,?ird ,me?od ( ,analysis1 describ$ above1 is an attempt v briefly to epitomize ! *ief elem5ts ( a great s*eme1--to give1 9 a nut%ell1 ! sub/ance ( :at our gramm>ians h borr[$ f ! logicians1 !n mix$ ) some?+ ( _! own1 next amplifi$ ) small details1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 bran*$ out & ext5d$ to enorm\s bulk & l5g?4 ,( c\rse1 !y h n fail$ to set =? ! comp>ative m]its ( ?is s*eme 9 a suffici5tly fav\rable light4 ,! two +5i\s g5tlem5 :o seem to h be5 *iefly in/rum5tal 9 mak+ x popul>1 say 9 _! preface1 ,! rules ( syntax conta9$ 9 ?is "w result directly f ! analysis ( propositions1 & ( comp\nd s5t5ces2 & = ?is reason ! /ud5t %\ld make himself p]fectly famili> ) ! sections relat+ to subject & pr$icate1 & %\ld be able readily to analyze s5t5ces1 :e!r simple or comp\nd1 & to expla9 _! /ructure & connection4 99 99 99 ,?is ex]cise %\ld always prec$e ! m m9ute & subsidi>y labor ( p>s+4 ,if ! latt] be conduct$1 z x (t5 is1 indep5d5tly ( previ\s analysis1 ! pr9cipal advantage to be d]iv$ f ! /udy ( language1 z an intellectual ex]cise1 w inevitably be lo/4--,lat9 ,gramm> ( ,&rews & ,/odd>d1 p4 vi4 ,n4 ,butl]1 :o be/[s ^u ?is subject ab\t a doz5 duodecimo pages1 says 9 8 preface1 ,! rules = ! analysis ( s5t5ces1 :i* is a v useful & int]e/+ ex]cise1 h be5 tak5 f ,&rews' & ,/odd>d's ,lat9 ,gramm>1 "s *anges & additions be+ made4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 iv4#ccb ,,obs4 #e4--,wells1 9 ! e>ly copies ( 8 ,s*ool ,gramm>1 z has be5 h9t$1 adopt$ a me?od ( analysis simil> to ! ,second "o prescrib$ above2 yet ref]r$1 ev5 f ! fir/1 to ,&rews & ,/odd>d's ,lat9 ,gramm>1 & to ,de ,sacy's ,g5]al ,gramm>1 z if ^! 7 au?orities = :at he !n inculcat$4 ,subsequ5tly1 he *ang$ 8 s*eme1 f t ( ,p>ts ,pr9cipal & ,adjuncts1 to "o ( ,subjects & ,pr$icates1 ei!r grammatical or logical1 also ei!r simple or comp\nd2--to "o resembl+ ,&rews & ,/odd>d's1 yet diff]+ f x1 (t51 z to :at con/itutes a grammatical pr$icate2--to "o res5bl+ sic--,,k? ! ,?ird ,me?od above1 yet diff]+ f x1 7z does ,&rews & ,/odd>d's17 9 tak+ ! logical subject & pr$icate be=e ! grammatical4 ,! *apt] on ,analysis1 said he !n1 has be5 ,revis$ & enl>g$ ) great c>e1 & w be f\nd to embody all ! mo/ important pr9ciples on ?is subject 4 :i* are conta9$ 9 ! works ( ,de ,sacy1 ,&rews & ,/odd>d1 ,khn]1 ,crosby1 & ,crane4 ,x is gratify+ to obs]ve t ! att5tion ( tea*]s is n[ s g5]ally direct$ to ?is important mode ( inve/igat+ ! /ructure ( our language1 9 connection ) ! ord9>y ex]cises ( etymological & syntactical p>s+4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 ,new ,ed41 #ahej1 p4 iv4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,9 view ( ! fact1 t ,wells's *ief mode ( s5t5tial analysis _h j und]gone an almo/ total metamorphosis1 a *ange plausible p]haps1 b ( d\btful utility1--t1 up to ! date ( ! words j cit$1 & aft]w>ds1 s f> & s long z any copies ( 8 e>ly ,?\s&s rema9 9 use1 ! au?or himself has e>ne/ly direct$ att5tion to a me?od :i* he n[ means h5ce=? to ab&on1--9 ?is view1 ! praise & gratulation express$ above seem s+ul>4 ,if x has be5 f\nd practicable1 to slide ! att5tion ( tea*]s1 & _! approbation too1 adroitly ov] f "o important mode ( inve/igat+ ! /ructure ( our language1 to an o!r2--if x is gratify+ to obs]ve1 t ! direction ?us giv5 to public op9ion su/a9s itself s well1 & is s g5]ally acquiesc$ 92--if x is prov$1 t ! /]eotyp$ praise ( "o sy/em ( analysis may1 )\t alt]ation1 be s transf]r$ to an o!r1 z to answ] ! d\ble purpose ( comm5d+ & sup]s$+2--x is n improbable t ! au?or's next new plates w be> ! /amp ( yet o!r mo/ important pr9ciples ( analysis4 ,?is process is "h recomm5d$ to be us$ 9 connection ) ! ord9>y ex]cises ( etymological & syntactical p>s+1--ex]cises1 :i*1 9 ,wells's ,gramm>1 are g5]ally1 & v improp]ly1 comm+l$2 & if1 to ^!1 may be pr(itably conjo9$ ei!r 8 pres5t or 8 =m] s*eme ( analysis1 x 7 well1 _h he some:]e put !m toge!r & %[n h[4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,b !re are o!r passages ( ! ,s*ool ,gramm>1 s little suit$ to ?is notion ( connection t "o c h>dly believe ! ^w ought to be tak5 9 :at seems its only s5se4 ,advanc$ classes %\ld att5d less to ! common ,ord] ( ,p>s+1 & m to ! ,analysis ( language4--,wells's ,gramm>1 #c;d ,?\s&1 p4 #abe2 #aac? ,?\s&1 p4 #acb4 ,?is implies1 :at is probably true ( ! etymological ex]cise1 t p>s+ is m rudim5tal ?an ! o!r =ms ( analysis4 ,x also intimates1 :at is n s cle>1 t pupils rightly in/ruct$ mu/ advance f ! =m] to ! latt]1 z to some?+ m wor?y ( _! intellectual p[]s4 ,! passage is us$ ) ref]5ce to ei!r =m ( analysis adopt$ by ! au?or4 ,s ! foll[+ comp>ison1 9 :i* ,p>s+ is pla9ly disp>ag$1 /&s p]man5tly at ! head ( ! *apt] on ,analysis1 to comm5d fir/ "o mode1 & !n an o!r3 ,x is p>ticul>ly desirable t pupils %\ld pass z e>ly z practicable f ! =malities ( common ,,p>s+1 to ! m important ex]cise ( ,,analyz+ critically ! /ructure ( language4 ,! me*anical r\t9e ( te*nical p>s+ is peculi>ly liable to become monoton\s & dull1 :ile ! practice ( expla9+ ! v>i\s relations & (fices ( words 9 a s5t5ce1 is adapt$ to call ! m9d ( ! le>n] into con/ant & vigor\s action1 & c h>dly fail ( excit+ ! deepe/ int]e/1--,wells's ,gram41 #c;d ,?41 p4 #aha2 #aac? ,?41 p4 #ahd4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,an ill s*eme ( p>s+1 or an ill use ( a good "o1 is almo/ z unlucky 9 gramm>1 z an ill me?od ( ciph]+1 or an ill use ( a good "o1 w\ld be 9 ari?metic4 ,f ! /rong contra/ cit$ above1 "o might suspect t1 9 select+1 devis+1 or us+1 a te*nical process = ! ex]cis+ ( le>n]s 9 ! pr9ciples ( etymology & syntax1 ?is au?or _h be5 less =tunate ?an ! g5]ality ( 8 fell[s4 ,n only is x impli$1 t p>s+ is no critical analysis1 b ev5 :at is set 9 opposition to ! me*anical r\t9e1 may v well s]ve = a def9ition ( ,syntactical ,p>s+--! practice ( expla9+ ! v>i\s relations & (fices ( words 9 a s5t5ce6 ,if ?is practice1 well ord]$1 c be at once int]e/+ & pr(itable to ! le>n]1 s may p>s+4 ,nor1 aft] all1 is ev5 ?is au?or's mode ( p>s+1 defective ?\gh x is 9 sev]al respects1 less important to ! us]s ( 8 book1 or less valu$ by tea*]s1 ?an ! analysis :i* he sets above x4 ,,obs4 #i4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 a public tea*] 9 ,bo/on1 :o1 9 answ] to a suppos$ dem& = a m philosophical plan ( tea*+ ! ,engli% language1 has ent]$ 9 e>ne/ ^u ! ,analysis ( ,s5t5ces1 hav+ devot$ to "o me?od ( x m ?an ! space ( two hundr$ duodecimo pages1 speaks ( analysis & ( p>s+1 ?us3 ,! resolv+ ( a s5t5ce into its elem5ts1 or ( any complex elem5t into ! p>ts :i* compose x1 is call$ analysis4--,gre5e's ,analysis1 p4 #ad4 ,p>s+ consi/s 9 nam+ a "p ( spee*1 giv+ its modifications1 relation1 agreem5t or dep5d5ce1 & ! rule = its con/ruction4 ,analysis consi/s 9 po9t+ out ! words or gr\ps ( words :i* con/itute ! elem5ts ( a s5t5ce4 ,analysis %\ld prec$e p>s+4--,ib41 p4 #bf4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! elem5ts ( s5t5ces are n s+le words1 b comb9ations or gr\ps ( words4 ,^! gr\ps p]=m ! (fice ( ! sub/antive1 ! adjective1 or ! adv]b1 &1 9 "s "o ( ^! relations1 ent] 9 z ! compon5t p>ts ( a s5t5ce4 ,! pupil :o le>ns to det]m9e ! elem5ts ( a s5t5ce1 mu/1 !re=e1 le>n ! =ce ( ^! comb9ations be=e he sep>ates !m into ! s+le words :i* compose !m4 ,?is advantage is :olly lo/ 9 ! ord9>y me?ods ( p>s+4--,ib41 p4 #c4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,on ^! passages1 x may be rem>k$ 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! di/9ction attempt$ betwe5 analysis & p>s+ is by no means cle>1 or well drawn4 ,nor inde$ c\ld x be2 because p>s+ is a species ( analysis4 ,! fir/ ass]tion w\ld be j z true z x is n[1 7 ! =m] ^w sub/itut$ = ! latt]3 ?us1 ,! resolv+ ( a s5t5ce into its elem5ts1 or ( any complex elem5t into ! p>ts :i* compose x1 is call$ p>s+4 ,next1 ! ,p>s+ spok5 ( 9 ! second s5t5ce1 is ,syntactical ,p>s+ only2 &1 )\t a limitation ( ! species1 nei!r ?is ass]tion nor ! "o conc]n+ prec$5ce is suffici5tly true4 ,aga91 ! sugge/ion1 t1 ,analysis consi/s 9 po9t+ out ! words or gr\ps ( words :i* con/itute ! elem5ts ( a s5t5ce1 has no?+ di/9ctive 9 x2 &1 )\t "s idea ( ! au?or's peculi> sy/em ( elem5ts1 previ\sly impress$ ^u ! m9d1 is sc>cely1 if at all1 intelligible4 ,la/ly1 t a pupil mu/ und]/& a s5t5ce1--or1 :at is ! same ?+1 le>n ! =ce ( ! words comb9$1--be=e he c be sure ( p>s+ ea* ^w rightly1 is a v pla9 & c]ta9 tru?2 b :at advantage ov] p>s+ ?is tru? gives to ! less] analysis1 :i* deals ) gr\ps1 x is n easy to discov]4 ,if ! au?or _h any cle> idea ( ?is advantage1 he has convey$ no su* conception to 8 read]s4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,gre5e's ,analysis is ! mo/ exp&$ =m ( ! ,?ird ,me?od above4#ccc ,its nucleus1 or g]m9at+ k]nel1 0 ! old p>tition ( subject & pr$icate1 d]iv$ f ! art ( logic4 ,its *ief pr9ciples may be briefly /at$ ?us3 ,s5t5ces1 :i* are simple1 or complex1 or comp\nd1 are made up ( words1 phrases1 & clauses--?ree gr& classes ( elem5ts1 call$ ! fir/1 ! second1 & ! ?ird class4 ,f ^!1 ea* s5t5ce mu/ h two elem5ts2 ! ,subject1 or ,sub/antive elem5t1 & ! ,pr$icate1 or ,pr$icative elem5t1 :i* are pr9cipal2 & a s5t5ce may h five1 ! subord9ates be+ ! ,adjective elem5t1 ! ,objective elem5t1 & ! ,adv]bial elem5t4 ,! five elem5ts h sundry modifications & subdivisions4 ,ea* ( ! five may1 l a s5t5ce1 be simple1 or complex1 or comp\nd2 & ea* may be ( any ( ! ?ree gr& classes4 ,! developm5t ( ?is s*eme =ms a volume1 n small4 ,! sy/em is plausible1 +5i\s1 me?odical1 mo/ly true1 & some:at elaborate2 b x is nei!r v useful nor v accurate4 ,x seems too mu* l a great tree1 beautiful1 symmetrical1 & full ( leaves1 b rais$ or desir$ only = fruit1 yet be>+ little1 & "s ( t little n ( good quality1 b knurly or bitt]4 ,! *ief end ( a gramm>1 design$ = our tongue1 is1 to %[ :at is1 & :at is n1 good ,engli%4 ,to ?is end1 ! sy/em 9 "q does n appe> to be well adapt$4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,dr4 ,bullions1 ! projector ( ! ,s]ies ( ,gramm>s1 ,engli%1 ,lat91 & ,greek1 all on ! same plan1 ins]t$ 9 8 ,lat9 ,gramm>1 ( #ahda1 a %ort sket* ( ! new analysis by subjects & pr$icates1 grammatical & logical1 ! s*eme us$ by ,&rews & ,/odd>d2 b 8 ,engli% ,gramm>1 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahcd1 0 too e>ly = ?is new & improv$ me?od ( inve/igat+ language4 ,9 8 lat] ,engli% ,gramm>1 ( #ahdi1 h[ev]1 pay+ little reg>d to sam5ess ( plan or con=mity ( def9itions1 he c>efully devot$ to ?is matt] ! space ( fifte5 pages1 plac+ ! topic1 n injudici\sly1 9 ! fir/ "p ( 8 syntax1 & ref]r+ to x ?us 9 8 ,preface3 ,! subject ( ,,analysis1 :olly omitt$ 9 ! =m] "w1 is "h introduc$ 9 its prop] place2 & to an ext5t 9 accordance ) its importance4-- ,bullions1 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,9 apply+ any ( ! diff]5t me?ods ( analysis1 z a s*ool ex]cise1 x w 9 g5]al p]haps be be/ to use ea* sep>ately2 ! tea*] direct+ :i* "o is to be appli$1 & to :at examples4 ,! selections prep>$ = ! /at$ praxes ( ?is "w1 w be f\nd z suitable z any4 ,analysis ( s5t5ces is a c5tral & ess5tial matt] 9 ! tea*+ or ! /udy ( gramm>2 b ! true/ & ! mo/ important ( ! s5t5tial analyses is p>s+2 :i*1 because x is a me?od di/+ui%$ by a te*nical "n ( its own1 is n commonly d5om9at$ analysis4 ,! relation :i* o!r me?ods %\ld be> to p>s+1 is1 z we h se51 v>i\sly /at$ by diff]5t au?ors4 ,etymological p>s+ & ,syntactical are1 or ought to be1 di/9ct ex]cises4 ,! =m]1 be+ ! mo/ simple1 ! mo/ elem5t>y1 & also requisite to be us$ be=e ! pupil is prep>$ = ! latt]1 %\ld1 )\t d\bt1 take prec$5ce ( all ! re/1 & be made famili> 9 ! fir/ place4 ,^? :o say1 ,analysis %\ld prec$e p>s+1 w sc>cely f9d ! application ( o!r analysis practicable1 till ?is is some:at kn[n4 ,b ,syntactical ,p>s+ be+1 :5 complete 9 =m1 ! mo/ ?or\gh process ( grammatical resolution1 x seems prop] to h introduc$ ! o!r me?ods be=e x1 z above4 ,x c h>dly be said t any ( ^! are necess>y to ?is ex]cise1 or to "o an o!r2 yet 9 a full c\rse ( grammatical in/ruction1 ea* may at times be usefully employ$4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,dr4 ,bullions sugge/s1 t1 ,analysis %\ld prec$e ,syntactical p>s+1 because1 till we "k ! p>ts & elem5ts ( a s5t5ce1 we c n und]/& _! relations1 nor intellig5tly comb9e !m into "o consi/5t :ole4--,analytical & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,?is reason is entirely fictiti\s & tru?less2 = ! words ( a s5t5ce are intuitively kn[n to be its p>ts & elem5ts2 &1 to und]/& _! relations1 is z necess>y to "o =m ( analysis z to ano!r2 b1 intellig5tly to comb9e !m1 is no "p ( ! p>s]'s duty3 ?is belongs to ! writ]2 & :]e he has n done x1 he mu/ be criticis$ & c5sur$1 z "o t kn[s n well :at he says4 ,9 ,w4 ,all5's ,gramm>1 z 9 ,wells's1 ,syntactical p>s+ & ,etymological are n divid$4 ,wells int]sp]ses 8 ,ex]cises 9 ,p>s+1 at sev5 po9ts ( 8 ,syntax1 & places ! *apt] on ,analysis1 at ! end ( x4 ,all5 treats fir/ ( ! sev]al p>ts ( gramm>1 didactically2 !n pres5ts a s]ies ( ex]cises adapt$ to ! v>i\s heads ( ! :ole4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ^!1 are f\rte5 ,me?ods ( ,p>s+1 :i* %[1 successively1 ! prop]ties & con/ruction ( 8 n9e p>ts ( spee*2 &1 at ! n9? me?od1 :i* resolves inf9itives1 x is propos$ t ! pupil beg9 to apply a me?od ( analysis simil> to ! ,second "o above4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,xii4--,,syntactical4 ,! gr& clew to all syntactical p>s+ is ,,! ,,s5se2 & z any composition is faulty :i* does n rightly deliv] ! au?ors mean+1 s e solution ( a ^w or s5t5ce is necess>ily errone\s1 9 :i* t mean+ is n c>efully notic$ & lit]ally pres]v$4 ,9 all complete syntactical p>s+1 x is requir$ ( ! pupil--to di/+ui% ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* & _! classes2 to m5tion _! modifications 9 ord]2 to po9t out _! relation1 agreem5t1 or gov]nm5t2 & to apply ! ,rules ( ,syntax4 ,?us3-- ,,example ,,p>s$4 ,a "y man /udi\s to "k 8 duty1 & hone/ly b5t on do+ x1 w f9d himself l$ away f ! s9 or folly 9 :i* ! multitude ?\ghtlessly indulge !mselves2 b1 ah6 poor fall5 human nature6 :at conflicts are ?y portion1 :5 incl9ation & habit--a rebel & a traitor--ex]t _! sway aga9/ our only sav+ pr9ciple6--,g4 ,br[n4 ,a is ! indef9ite article3 & relates to man1 or "y man2 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 :i* says1 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit4 ,because ! mean+ is--a man--a "y man4 ,"y is a common adjective1 ( ! positive degree1 comp>$ regul>ly1 "y1 y\ng]1 y\nge/3 & relates to man2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--"y man4 ,man is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is ! subject ( w f9d2 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,because ! mean+ is--man w f9d4 ,/udi\s is a common adjective1 comp>$ by means ( ! adv]bs2 /udi\s1 m /udi\s1 mo/ /udi\s2 or1 /udi\s1 less /udi\s1 lea/ /udi\s3 & relates to man2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--man /udi\s4 ,to is a preposition3 & %[s ! relation betwe5 /udi\s & "k2 accord+ to ,rule #bc;d1 :i* says1 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m4 ,because ! mean+ is--/udi\s to "k4 ,"k is an irregul> active-transitive v]b1 f "k1 knew1 kn[+1 kn[n2 f\nd 9 ! inf9itive mood1 pres5t t5se--no p]son1 or numb]3 & is gov]n$ by to2 accord+ to ,rule #ah?1 :i* says1 ,! inf9itive mood is gov]n$ 9 g5]al by ! preposition ,,to1 :i* commonly connects x to a f9ite v]b4 ,because ! mean+ is--to "k4 ,8 is a p]sonal pron\n1 repres5t+ man1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & mascul9e g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 :i* says1 ,a pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]3 & is 9 ! possessive case1 be+ gov]n$ by duty2 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,because ! mean+ is--8 duty2--i4 e41 ! "y man's duty4 ,duty is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case3 & is gov]n$ by "k2 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--to "k 8 duty4 ,& is a copulative conjunction3 & connects ! phrase :i* foll[s x1 to t :i* prec$es2 accord+ to ,rule #bb;d1 :i* says1 ,conjunctions connect words1 s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,because ! mean+ is--/udi\s to "k 8 duty1 & hone/ly b5t1 c4 ,hone/ly is an adv]b ( mann]3 & relates to b5t2 accord+ to ,rule #ba/1 :i* says1 ,adv]bs relate to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs4 ,because ! mean+ is--hone/ly b5t4 ,b5t is a p]fect p>ticiple1 f ! r$undant active-transitive v]b1 b5d1 b5t or b5d$1 b5d+1 b5t or b5d$3 & relates to man2 accord+ to ,rule #bj?1 :i* says1 ,p>ticiples relate to n\ns or pron\ns1 or else are gov]n$ by prepositions4 ,because ! mean+ is--man b5t4 ,on is a preposition3 & %[s ! relation betwe5 b5t & do+2 accord+ to ,rule #bc;d1 :i* says1 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m4 ,because ! mean+ is--b5t on do+4 ,do+ is an imp]fect p>ticiple1 f ! irregul> active-transitive v]b1 d1 did1 do+1 done3 & is gov]n$ by on2 accord+ to ,rule #bj?1 :i* says1 ,p>ticiples relate to n\ns or pron\ns1 or else are gov]n$ by prepositions4 ,because ! mean+ is--on do+4 ,x is a p]sonal pron\n1 repres5t+ duty1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & neut] g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 :i* says1 ,a pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]3 & is 9 ! objective case1 be+ gov]n$ by do+2 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--do+ x2--i4 e41 do+ 8 duty4 ,w f9d is an irregul> active-transitive v]b1 f f9d1 f\nd1 f9d+1 f\nd2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 fir/-future t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]3 & agrees ) its nom9ative man2 accord+ to ,rule #ad?1 :i* says1 ,e f9ite v]b mu/ agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]4 ,because ! mean+ is--man w f9d4 ,himself is a comp\nd p]sonal pron\n1 repres5t+ man1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & mascul9e g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 :i* says1 ,a pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]2 & is 9 ! objective case1 be+ gov]n$ by w f9d2 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--w f9d himself2--i4 e41 8 own m9d or p]son4 ,l$ is a p]fect p>ticiple1 f ! irregul> active-transitive v]b1 lead1 l$1 lead+1 l$3 & relates to himself2 accord+ to ,rule #bj?1 :i* says1 ,p>ticiples relate to n\ns or pron\ns1 or else are gov]n$ by prepositions4 ,because ! mean+ is--himself l$4 ,away is an adv]b ( place3 & relates to l$2 accord+ to ,rule #ba/1 :i* says1 ,adv]bs relate to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs4 ,because ! mean+ is--l$ away4 ,f is a preposition3 & %[s ! relation betwe5 l$ & s9 or folly2 accord+ to ,rule #bc;d1 :i* says1 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m4 ,because ! mean+ is--l$ f s9 or folly4 ,! is ! def9ite article3 & relates to s9 & folly2 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 :i* says1 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit4 ,because ! mean+ is--! s9 or folly4 ,s9 is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case3 & is gov]n$ by f2 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--f s94 ,or is a disjunctive conjunction3 & connects s9 & folly2 accord+ to ,rule #bb;d1 :i* says1 ,conjunctions connect words1 s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,because ! mean+ is--s9 or folly4 ,folly is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case2 & is connect$ by or to s91 & gov]n$ by ! same preposition f2 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--f s9 or folly4 ,9 is a preposition3 & %[s ! relation betwe5 indulge & :i*2 accord+ to ,rule #bc;d1 :i* says1 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m4 ,because ! mean+ is--indulge 9 :i*--or1 :i* !y indulge 94 ,:i* is a relative pron\n1 repres5t+ s9 or folly1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & neut] g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #ac?1 :i* says1 ,:5 a pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) !m s+ly1 & n z if tak5 toge!r3 & is 9 ! objective case1 be+ gov]n$ by 92 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--9 :i*2--i4 e41 9 :i* s9 or folly4 ,! is ! def9ite article3 & relates to multitude2 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 :i* says1 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit4 ,because ! mean+ is--! multitude4 ,multitude is a common n\n1 collective1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is ! subject ( indulge2 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,because ! mean+ is--multitude indulge4 ,?\ghtlessly is an adv]b ( mann]3 & relates to indulge2 accord+ to ,rule #ba/1 :i* says1 ,adv]bs relate to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs4 ,because ! mean+ is--?\ghtlessly indulge4 ,indulge is a regul> active-transitive v]b1 f indulge1 indulg$1 indulg+1 indulg$2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & plural numb]3 & agrees ) its nom9ative multitude2 accord+ to ,rule #ae?1 :i* says1 ,:5 ! nom9ative is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! v]b mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]4 ,because ! mean+ is--multitude indulge4 ,!mselves is a comp\nd p]sonal pron\n1 repres5t+ multitude1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 & mascul9e g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #aa?1 :i* says1 ,:5 ! antec$5t is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! pron\n mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]3 & is 9 ! objective case1 be+ gov]n$ by indulge2 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--indulge !mselves2--i4 e41 ! individuals ( ! multitude indulge !mselves4 ,b is a disjunctive conjunction3 & connects :at prec$es & :at foll[s2 accord+ to ,rule #bb;d1 :i* says1 ,conjunctions connect words1 s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,because ! mean+ is--,a "y man1 c41 b1 ah6 c4 ,ah is an int]jection1 indicat+ sorr[3 & is us$ indep5d5tly2 accord+ to ,rule #bd?1 :i* says1 ,int]jections h no dep5d5t con/ruction2 !y are put absolute1 ei!r alone1 or ) o!r words4 ,because ! mean+ is--ah6--unconnect$ ) ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,poor is a common adjective1 ( ! positive degree1 comp>$ regul>ly1 poor1 poor]1 poore/3 & relates to nature2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--poor human nature4 ,fall5 is a p>ticipial adjective1 comp>$ 7p]haps7 by adv]bs3 & relates to nature2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--fall5 nature4 ,human is a common adjective1 n comp>$3 & relates to nature2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--human nature4 ,nature is a common n\n1 ( ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is put absolute by direct address2 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n is put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 :5 its case dep5ds on no o!r ^w4 ,because ! mean+ is--poor fall5 human nature6--! n\n be+ unconnect$ ) any v]b4 ,:at is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$3 & relates to conflicts2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--:at conflicts4 ,conflicts is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is ! subject ( are2 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,because ! mean+ is--conflicts are4 ,are is an irregul> neut] v]b1 f be1 01 be+1 be52 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & plural numb]3 & agrees ) its nom9ative conflicts2 accord+ to ,rule #ad?1 :i* says1 ,e f9ite v]b mu/ agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]4 ,because ! mean+ is--conflicts are4 ,?y is a p]sonal pron\n1 repres5t+ nature1 9 ! second p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & neut] g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 :i* says1 ,a pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]3 & is 9 ! possessive case1 be+ gov]n$ by portion2 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,because ! mean+ is--?y portion4 ,portion is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is put aft] are1 9 agreem5t ) conflicts2 accord+ to ,rule #f?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n put aft] a v]b or p>ticiple n transitive1 agrees 9 case ) a prec$+ n\n or pron\n ref]r+ to ! same ?+4 ,because ! mean+ is--conflicts are ?y portion4 ,:5 is a conjunctive adv]b ( "t3 & relates to ! two v]bs1 are & ex]t2 accord+ to ,rule #ba/1 :i* says1 ,adv]bs relate to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs4 ,because ! mean+ is--:at conflicts are ?y portion1 :5 incl9ation & habit ex]t1 c4 ,incl9ation is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is "o ( ! subjects ( ex]t2 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,because ! mean+ is--incl9ation & habit ex]t4 ,& is a copulative conjunction3 & connects incl9ation & habit2 accord+ to ,rule #bb;d1 :i* says1 ,conjunctions connect words1 s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,because ! mean+ is--incl9ation & habit4 ,habit is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is "o ( ! subjects ( ex]t2 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,because ! mean+ is--incl9ation & habit ex]t4 ,a is ! indef9ite article3 & relates to rebel2 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 :i* says1 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit4 ,because ! mean+ is--a rebel4 ,rebel is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is put 9 apposition ) incl9ation2 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a p]sonal pron\n us$ to expla9 a prec$+ n\n or pron\n1 is put1 by apposition1 9 ! same case4 ,because ! mean+ is--incl9ation1 a rebel4 ,& is a copulative conjunction3 & connects rebel & traitor2 accord+ to ,rule #bb;d1 :i* says1 ,conjunctions connect words1 s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,because ! mean+ is--a rebel & a traitor4 ,a is ! indef9ite article3 & relates to traitor2 accord+ to ,rule #a/1 :i* says1 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit4 ,because ! mean+ is--a traitor4 ,traitor is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is put 9 apposition ) habit2 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a p]sonal pron\n us$ to expla9 a prec$+ n\n or pron\n1 is put1 by apposition1 9 ! same case4 ,because ! mean+ is--habit1 a traitor4 ,ex]t is a regul> active-transitive v]b1 f ex]t1 ex]t$1 ex]t+1 ex]t$2 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & plural numb]3 & agrees ) its two nom9atives incl9ation & habit2 accord+ to ,rule #af?1 :i* says1 ,:5 a v]b has two or m nom9atives connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !m jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r4 ,because ! mean+ is--incl9ation & habit ex]t4 ,_! is a p]sonal pron\n1 repres5t+ incl9ation & habit1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 & neut] g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #ab?1 :i* says1 ,:5 a pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !m jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r3 & is 9 ! possessive case1 be+ gov]n$ by sway2 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,because ! mean+ is--_! sway2--i4 e41 ! sway ( incl9ation & habit4 ,sway is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case2 & is gov]n$ by ex]t2 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--ex]t sway4 ,aga9/ is a preposition3 & %[s ! relation betwe5 ex]t & pr9ciple2 accord+ to ,rule #bc;d1 :i* says1 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m4 ,because ! mean+ is--ex]t aga9/ pr9ciple4 ,our is a p]sonal pron\n1 repres5t+ ! speak]s1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 plural numb]1 & mascul9e g5d]2 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 :i* says1 ,a pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]3 & is 9 ! possessive case1 be+ gov]n$ by pr9ciple2 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,because ! mean+ is--our pr9ciple2--i4 e41 ! speak]s' pr9ciple4 ,only is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$3 & relates to pr9ciple2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--only pr9ciple4 ,sav+ is a p>ticipial adjective1 comp>$ by adv]bs :5 x means frugal1 b n comp>$ 9 ! s5se "h int5d$3 & relates to pr9ciple2 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 :i* says1 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns4 ,because ! mean+ is--sav+ pr9ciple4 ,pr9ciple is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case3 & is gov]n$ by aga9/2 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 :i* says1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,because ! mean+ is--aga9/ pr9ciple4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,articles4 ,9 ,engli% h]oic v]se1 ! capital pause ( e l9e1 is det]m9$ by ! s5se to be aft] ! f\r?1 ! fif?1 ! six? or ! sev5? syllable4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #aje4 ,:51 9 consid]+ ! /ructure ( a tree or a plant1 we obs]ve h[ all ! p>ts1 ! roots1 ! /em1 ! b>k1 & ! leaves1 are suit$ to ! gr[? & nutrim5t ( ! :ole2 :5 we survey all ! p>ts & memb]s ( a liv+ animal2 or :5 we exam9e any ( ! curi\s works ( art--su* z a clock1 a %ip1 or any nice ma*9e2 ! pleasure :i* we h 9 ! survey1 is :olly f\nd$ on ?is s5se ( beauty4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #di4 ,x nev] c proce$ f a good ta/e1 to make a teaspoon resemble ! leaf ( a tree2 = su* a =m is inconsi/5t ) ! de/9ation ( a teaspoon4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cea4 ,9 an epic poem1 a hi/ory1 an oration1 or any "w ( g5ius1 we always require a fitness1 or an adju/m5t ( means to ! end :i* ! au?or is suppos$ to h 9 view4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ej4 ,rhetoric1 ,logic1 & ,gramm>1 are ?ree arts t %\ld always walk h& 9 h&4 ,! fir/ is ! art ( speak+ eloqu5tly2 ! second1 t ( ?9k+ well2 & ! ?ird1 t ( speak+ ) propriety4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #aad4 ,spr+ hangs h] infant blossoms on ! trees1 ,rock'd 9 ! cradle ( ! we/]n breeze4--,c[p]4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,n\ns4 ,!re goes a rum\r t ,i am to be bani%$4 ,& let ! s5t5ce come1 if ,god s w4 ,! o!r side ( ! sea is my ,fa!r's gr\nd1 z well z ?is side4--,ru!r=d4 ,g5tlem51 !re is some?+ on e>? great] ?an arbitr>y or despotic p[]4 ,! lightn+ has its p[]1 & ! :irlw9d has its p[]1 & ! e>?quake has its p[]4 ,b !re is some?+ among m5 m capable ( %ak+ despotic p[] ?an lightn+1 :irlw9d1 or e>?quake2 t is--! ?reat5$ indignation ( ! :ole civiliz$ _w4--,daniel ,web/]4 ,& ,isaac s5t away ,jacob2 & he w5t to ,padan ,aram1 unto ,laban1 son ( ,be?uel ! ,syrian1 & bro!r ( ,rebecca1 ,jacob's & ,esau's "m4--,see ,g541 xxviii1 #e4 ,! purpose y und]take is dang]\s4 ,:y t is c]ta93 x is dang]\s to take a cold1 to sleep1 to dr9k2 b ,i tell y1 my ,"l fool1 out ( ?is nettle dang]1 we pluck ?is fl[] safety4--,%akespe>e4 ,& t[>ds ! ,jews alone1 "o ( ! noble/ *>t]s ( lib]ty on e>?--,magna ,*>ta1 ! ,briton's boa/--legaliz$ an act ( inju/ice4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #gd4 ,7 ,demo/h5es's ,philippics spok5 9 a ,briti% assembly1 9 a simil> conjuncture ( affairs1 !y w\ld conv9ce & p]suade at ?is day4 ,! rapid /yle1 ! vehem5t reason+1 ! disda91 ang]1 boldness1 fre$om1 :i* p]petually animate !m1 w\ld r5d] _! success infallible ov] any mod]n assembly4 ,i "q :e!r ! same c be said ( ,cic]o's orations2 ^: eloqu5ce1 h[ev] beautiful1 & h[ev] well suit$ to ! ,roman ta/e1 yet bord]s (t5] on declamation1 & is m remote f ! mann] 9 :i* we n[ expect to he> real bus9ess & causes ( importance treat$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdh4 ,9 fact1 e attempt to pres5t on pap] ! spl5did effects ( impassion$ eloqu5ce1 is l ga!r+ up dewdrops1 :i* appe> jewels & pe>ls on ! grass1 b run to wat] 9 ! h&2 ! ess5ce & ! elem5ts rema91 b ! grace1 ! sp>kle1 & ! =m1 are gone4--,montgom]y's ,life ( ,sp5c]4 ,z 9 life true dignity mu/ be f\nd$ on "*1 n on dress & appe>ance2 s 9 language ! dignity ( composition mu/ arise f s5tim5t & ?\ght1 n f ornam5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #add4 ,& man1 ^: heav5-erect$ face ! smiles ( love adorn1 ,man's inhumanity to man makes c\ntless ?\s&s m\rn4 --,burns4 ,ah wret*$ man6 unm9dful ( ?y end6 ,a mom5t's glory6 & :at fates att5d4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 xvii1 l4 #bca4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,adjectives4 ,emb>rass$1 obscure1 & feeble s5t5ces1 are g5]ally1 if n always1 ! result ( emb>rass$1 obscure1 & feeble ?\ght4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abj4 ,^u ?is gr\nd1 we pref] a simple & natural1 to an artificial & affect$ /yle2 a regul> & well-connect$ /ory1 to loose & scatt]$ n>ratives2 a cata/rophe :i* is t5d] & pa!tic1 to "o :i* leaves u unmov$4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,a ?or\gh good ta/e may well be consid]$ z a p[] comp\nd$ ( natural s5sibility to beauty1 & ( improv$ und]/&+4--,ib41 p4 #ah4 ,( all writ+s1 anci5t or mod]n1 ! sacr$ ,scriptures af=d u ! highe/ in/ances ( ! sublime4 ,! descriptions ( ! ,deity1 9 !m1 are wond]fully noble2 bo? f ! gr&eur ( ! object1 & ! mann] ( repres5t+ x4--,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,x is n ! au?ority ( any "o p]son1 or ( a few1 be !y ev] s em95t1 t c e/abli% "o =m ( spee* 9 pref]5ce to ano!r4 ,no?+ b ! g5]al practice ( good writ]s & good speak]s c d x4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,:at o!r means are !re to attract love & e/eem s effectual z a virtu\s c\rse ( life8 ,if a man be j & b5efic5t1 if he be temp]ate1 mode/1 & prud5t1 he w infallibly ga9 ! e/eem & love ( all :o "k him4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #afg4 ,b !re are likewise1 x mu/ be own$1 p 9 ! _w1 :om x is easy to make worse by r\gh usage1 & n easy to make bett] by any o!r4--,abp4 ,seek]4 ,! great compreh5sive tru? writt5 9 lett]s ( liv+ light on e page ( our hi/ory--! language address$ by e pa/ age ( ,new ,engl& to all future ages1 is ?is3 ,human happ9ess has no p]fect security b fre$om2--fre$om1 none b virtue2--virtue1 none b k3 & nei!r fre$om1 nor virtue1 nor k1 has any vig\r or immortal hope1 except 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & 9 ! sanctions ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4--,presid5t ,qu9cy4 ,= bliss1 z ?\ ha/ "p1 to me is bliss2 ,t$i\s1 un%>$ ) !e1 & odi\s soon4 --,p4 ,lo/1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #hhj4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,pron\ns4 ,!re is b "o gov]nor ^: sight we _c escape1 ^: p[] we _c resi/3 a s5se ( ,8 pres5ce & ( duty to ,him1 w accompli% m ?an all ! laws & p5alties :i* c be devis$ )\t x4--,woodbridge1 ,lit4 ,c41 p4 #aed4 ,e volunt>y society mu/ judge :o %all be memb]s ( _! body1 & enjoy fell[%ip ) !m 9 _! peculi> privileges4--,watts4 ,poetry & impassion$ eloqu5ce are ! only s\rces f :i* ! liv+ gr[? ( a language spr+s2 & ev5 if 9 _! vehem5ce !y br+ d[n "s m\nta9 rubbi% along ) !m1 ?is s9ks to ! bottom1 & ! pure /ream fl[s along ov] x4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #fde4 ,?is use is b\nd$ by ! prov9ce1 c\nty1 or di/rict1 :i* gives "n to ! dialect1 & beyond :i* its peculi>ities are sometimes un9telligible1 & always ridicul\s4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afc4 ,e ?+ t happ5s1 is bo? a cause & an effect2 be+ ! effect ( :at goes be=e1 & ! cause ( :at foll[s4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #big4 ,)hold n good f !m to :om x is due1 :5 x is 9 ! p[] ( ?9e h& to d x4--,prov41 iii1 #bg4 ,yet !re is no difficulty at all 9 asc]ta9+ ! idea4 99 99 99 ,by reflect+ ^u t :i* is myself n[1 & t :i* 0 myself tw5ty ye>s ago1 ,i disc]n !y are n two1 b "o & ! same self4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bga4 ,if y w replace :at has be5 long expung$ f ! language1 & extirpate :at is firmly root$1 und\bt$ly y y\rself become an innovator4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afg2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cfd4 ,to speak z o!rs speak1 is "o ( ^? tacit obligations1 annex$ to ! condition ( liv+ 9 society1 :i* we are b\nd 9 consci5ce to fulfill1 ?\gh we h nev] ratifi$ !m by any express promise2 because1 if !y 7 disreg>d$1 society w\ld be impossible1 & human happ9ess at an end4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aci4 ,9 ,engl& ?\ 0 9 curr5t use until1 p]haps1 ne> ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ?\gh x 0 gett+ to be reg>d$ z some:at disrespectful4 ,at ,walt] ,raleigh's trial1 ,coke1 :5 argum5t & evid5ce fail$ him1 insult$ ! def5dant by apply+ to him ! t]m ?\4 ',all t ,"l ,cobham did1' he cri$1 '0 at ?y in/igation1 ?\ vip]6 = ,i ?\ !e1 ?\ traitor6'--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #bbj4 ,?' ,egyptian cr[n ,i to y\r h&s remit2 ,& ) x take 8 he>t :o (f]s x4--,%akspe>e4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,v]bs4 ,s5suality contam9ates ! body1 depresses ! und]/&+1 dead5s ! moral feel+s ( ! he>t1 & degrades man f 8 rank 9 ! creation4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 p4 #bca4 ,:5 a writ] reasons1 we look only = p]spicuity2 :5 he describes1 we expect embelli%m5t2 :5 he divides1 or relates1 we desire pla9ness & simplicity4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #add4 ,livy & ,h]odotus are diffuse2 ,?ucydides & ,sallu/ are succ9ct2 yet all ( !m are agreeable4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,:5ev] petulant ignorance1 pride1 malice1 malignity1 or envy1 int]poses to cl\d or sully 8 fame1 ,i w take ^u me to pron\nce t ! eclipse w n la/ long4--,dr4 ,delany4 ,%e said %e _h no?+ to say1 = %e 0 resign$1 & ,i knew all %e knew t conc]n$ u 9 ?is _w2 b %e desir$ to be alone1 t 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god only1 %e might )\t int]ruption d h] la/ duty to me4--,spect41 ,no4 #ebj4 ,wisdom & tru?1 ! (fspr+ ( ! sky1 are immortal2 :ile cunn+ & deception1 ! meteors ( ! e>?1 aft] glitt]+ = a mom5t1 mu/ pass away4--,rob]t ,hall4 ,see1 ,i h ?is day set !e ov] ! nations1 & ov] ! k+doms1 to root out1 & to pull d[n1 & to de/roy1 & to ?r[ d[n1 to build1 & to plant4--,j]emiah1 i1 #aj4 ,god might comm& ! /ones to be made bread1 or ! cl\ds to ra9 x2 b he *ooses r to leave mank9d to till1 to s[1 to reap1 to ga!r into b>ns1 to gr9d1 to knead1 to bake1 & !n to eat4--,london ,qu>t]ly ,review4 ,eloqu5ce is no inv5tion ( ! s*ools4 ,nature tea*es e man to be eloqu5t1 :5 he is mu* 9 e>ne/4 ,place him 9 "s critical situation1 let him h "s great int]e/ at /ake1 & y w see him lay hold ( ! mo/ effectual means ( p]suasion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bce4 ,x is difficult to possess great fame & great ease at ! same "t4 ,fame1 l fire1 is ) difficulty k9dl$1 is easily increas$1 b dies away if n cont9ually f$4 ,to pres]ve fame alive1 e ent]prise ought to be a pl$ge ( o!rs1 s z to keep mank9d 9 con/ant expectation4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ej4 ,pope1 f9d+ little advantage f ext]nal help1 resolv$ !nce=w>d to direct himself1 & at twelve =m$ a plan ( /udy :i* he complet$ ) little o!r incitem5t ?an ! desire ( excell5ce4--,johnson's ,lives ( ,poets1 p4 #dih4 ,loose1 !n1 f e>? ! grasp ( fond desire1 ,weigh an*or1 & "s happi] clime explore4--,"y4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,p>ticiples4 ,! *ild1 affright$ ) ! view ( 8 fa!r's helmet & cre/1 & cl++ to ! nurse2 ,hector1 putt+ (f 8 helmet1 tak+ ! *ild into 8 arms1 & (f]+ up a pray] = him2 ,&roma*e1 receiv+ back ! *ild ) a smile ( pleasure1 & at ! same in/ant bur/+ into te>s2 =m ! mo/ natural & affect+ picture t c possibly be imag9$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dce4 ,! tru? ( be+1 & ! tru? ( kn[+ are "o2 diff]+ no m ?an ! direct beam & ! beam reflect$4--,ld4 ,bacon4 ,v]bs d5ote /ates ( be+1 consid]$ z beg9n+1 cont9u+1 end+1 be+ r5ew$1 de/roy$1 & aga9 repeat$1 s z to suit any occasion4--,william ,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,we take x = grant$1 t we h a compet5t k & skill1 & t we are able to acquit ourselves prop]ly1 9 our own native tongue2 a faculty1 solely acquir$ by use1 conduct$ by habit1 & tri$ by ! e>1 c>ries u on )\t reflection4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 vi4 ,i mean ! tea*] himself2 :o1 /unn$ ) ! hum1 & suffocat$ ) ! clos5ess ( 8 s*ool-room1 has sp5t ! :ole day 9 controll+ petulance1 excit+ indiff]5ce to action1 /riv+ to enlight5 /upidity1 & lab\r+ to s(t5 ob/9acy4--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,! inquisitive m9d1 beg9n+ ) criticism1 ! mo/ agreeable ( all amusem5ts1 & f9d+ no ob/ruction 9 its progress1 advances f> into ! s5sitive "p ( our nature2 & ga9s imp]ceptibly a ?or\gh k ( ! human he>t1 ( its desires1 & ( e motive to action4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #db4 ,!y please1 are pleas$2 !y give to get e/eem2 ,till1 seem+ ble/1 !y gr[ to :at !y seem4--,goldsmi?4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,adv]bs4 ,h[ *e]fully1 h[ freely1 h[ regul>ly1 h[ con/antly1 h[ unwe>i$ly1 h[ p[]fully1 h[ ext5sively1 he communicate? 8 conv9c+1 8 enlight5+1 8 he>t-p5etrat+1 w>m+1 & melt+2 8 s\l-quick5+1 heal+1 refre%+1 direct+1 & fructify+ influ5ce6--,br[n's ,metaphors1 p4 #if4 ,! passage1 ,i grant1 requires to be well & naturally read1 9 ord] to be promptly compreh5d$2 b surely !re are v few passages wor? compreh5d+1 ei!r ( v]se or prose1 t c be promptly und]/ood1 :5 !y are read unnaturally & ill4--,!lwall's ,lect4 ,!y wa/e life 9 :at are call$ good resolutions--p>tial ef=ts at re=mation1 feebly comm5c$1 he>tlessly conduct$1 & hopelessly conclud$4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #bfb4 ,a man may1 9 respect ( grammatical purity1 speak unexceptionably1 & yet speak obscurely & ambigu\sly2 & ?\gh we _c say1 t a man may speak prop]ly1 & at ! same "t speak un9telligibly1 yet ?is la/ case falls m naturally to be consid]$ z an (f5ce aga9/ p]spicuity1 ?an z a violation ( propriety4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ajd4 ,ye are witnesses1 & ,god also1 h[ holily & ju/ly & unblamably we behav$ ourselves among y t believe4--#a ,!s41 ii1 #aj4 ,! "q is n1 :e!r !y "k :at is said ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,scriptures2 b :e!r !y "k x sav+ly1 truly1 liv+ly1 p[]fully4--,p5+ton's ,works1 iii1 #bh4 ,h[ gladly w\ld ! man recall to life ,! boy's neglect$ sire6 a "m too1 ,t s(t] fri5d1 p]haps m gladly /ill1 ,might he dem& !m at ! gates ( dea?6--,c[p]4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,conjunctions4 ,e p]son's safety requires t he %\ld submit to be gov]n$2 = if "o man may d h>m )\t suff]+ puni%m5t1 e man has ! same "r1 & no p]son c be safe4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ch4 ,:5 x becomes a practice to collect debts by law1 x is a pro( ( corruption & deg5]acy among ! p4 ,laws & c\rts are necess>y1 to settle controv]t$ po9ts betwe5 man & man2 b a man %\ld pay an ackn[l$g$ debt1 n because !re is a law to oblige him1 b because x is j & hone/1 & because he has promis$ to pay x4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,! li>1 & only ! li>1 is inv>iably & univ]sally despis$1 ab&on$1 & dis[n$4 ,x is !re=e natural to expect1 t a crime ?us g5]ally dete/$1 %\ld be g5]ally avoid$4--,hawkeswor?4 ,:5 a man swe>s to ! tru? ( 8 tale1 he tacitly ackn[l$ges t 8 b>e ^w does n des]ve cr$it4 ,a swe>] w lie1 & a li> is n to be believ$ ev5 ^u 8 oa?2 nor is he believ$1 :5 he happ5s to speak ! tru?4--,r$ ,book1 p4 #ajh4 ,john ,adams repli$1 ',i "k ,great ,brita9 has det]m9$ on h] sy/em1 & t v det]m9ation det]m9es me on m9e4 ,y "k ,i h be5 con/ant & uni=m 9 opposition to h] measures4 ,! die is n[ ca/4 ,i h pass$ ! ,rubicon4 ,s9k or swim1 live or die1 survive or p]i% ) my c\ntry1 is my unalt]able det]m9ation4'--,,sew>d',s ,life ( ,john ,qu9cy ,adams1 p4 #bf4 ,i return$1 & saw "u ! sun t ! race is n to ! swift1 nor ! battle to ! /rong1 nei!r yet bread to ! wise1 nor yet ri*es to m5 ( und]/&+1 nor yet fav\r to m5 ( skill2 b "t & *ance happ5 to !m all4--,ecclesia/es1 ix1 #aa4 ,little1 alas6 is all ! good ,i c2 ,a man oppress'd1 dep5d5t1 yet a man4--,pope1 ,odys41 ,b4 xiv1 p4 #gj4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,prepositions4 ,he :o legislates only = a p>ty1 is engrav+ 8 "n on ! adamant9e pill> ( 8 c\ntry's hi/ory1 to be gaz$ on =ev] z an object ( univ]sal dete/ation4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #dja4 ,! ,greek language1 9 ! h&s ( ! orator1 ! poet1 & ! hi/orian1 mu/ be all[$ to be> away ! palm f e o!r kn[n 9 ! _w2 b to t only1 9 my op9ion1 ne$ our own yield ! prec$5ce4--,b>r['s ,essays1 p4 #ia4 ,= my "p1 ,i am conv9c$ t ! me?od ( tea*+ :i* approa*es mo/ ne>ly to ! me?od ( inve/igation1 is incomp>ably ! be/2 s9ce1 n cont5t ) s]v+ up a few b>r5 & lifeless tru?s1 x leads to ! /ock on :i* !y grew4--,burke1 on ,ta/e1 p4 #cg4 ,bett]--on :i* tru?s gr[4 ,all t ,i h done 9 ?is difficult "p ( gramm>1 conc]n+ ! prop] use ( prepositions1 has be5 to make a few g5]al rem>ks ^u ! subject2 & !n to give a collection ( in/ances1 t h occurr$ to me1 ( ! improp] use ( "s ( !m4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,?is is n an age ( enc\ragem5t = works ( elaborate rese>* & real utility4 ,! g5ius ( ! trade ( lit]ature is necess>ily unfri5dly to su* productions4--,!lwall's ,lect41 p4 #ajb4 ,at l5g?1 at ! end ( a range ( trees1 ,i saw ?ree figures seat$ on a bank ( moss1 ) a sil5t brook creep+ at _! feet4--,/eele4 ,?\ r1 ) ?y %>p & sulph'r\s bolt1 ,split/ ! unw$geable & gn>l$ oak4--,%akspe>e4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,int]jections4 ,he> ! ^w ( ! ,"l1 ,o k+ ( ,judah1 t sitte/ ^u ! ?rone ( ,david2 ?\1 & ?y s]vants1 & ?y p1 t ent] 9 by ^! gates3 ?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,execute ye judgem5t & righte\sness1 & deliv] ! spoil$ out ( ! h& ( ! oppressor4--,j]emiah1 xxii1 #b1 #c4 ,!re=e1 ?us sai? ! ,"l conc]n+ ,jehoiakim ! son ( ,josiah k+ ( ,judah1 ,!y %all n lam5t = him1 say+1 ,ah my bro!r6 or1 ,ah si/]6 !y %all n lam5t = him1 say+1 ,ah "l6 or1 ,ah 8 glory6 ,he %all be buri$ ) ! burial ( an ass1 drawn & ca/ =? beyond ! gates ( ,j]usalem4--,j]41 xxii1 #ah1 #ai4 ,o ?\ afflict$1 toss$ ) tempe/1 & n com=t$1 behold1 ,i w lay ?y /ones ) fair col\rs1 & lay ?y f\ndations ) sapphires4--,isaiah1 liv1 #aa4 ,o pr9ce6 ,o fri5d6 lo6 "h ?y ,m$on /&s2 ,ah6 /op ! h]o's unresi/$ h&s4 --,pope1 ,odys41 ,b4 xxii1 l4 #dag4 ,:51 lo6 desc5d+ to our h]o's aid1 ,jove's daught] ,pallas1 w>'s triumphant maid6 --,ib41 ,b4 xxii1 l4 #bbb4 ,o fri5ds6 oh ev] ex]cis$ 9 c>e6 ,he> ,heav5's comm&s1 & rev]5ce :at ye he>6 --,ib41 ,b4 xii1 l4 #cbd4 ,too d>+ pr9ce6 ah1 :i!r do/ ?\ run8 ,ah1 too =getful ( ?y wife & y6 --,pope's ,iliad1 ,b4 vi1 l4 #eaj4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,articles4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 & ^? :i* foll[ x1 ! ,rules ( ,syntax are aga9 exhibit$1 9 ! ord] ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 ) ,examples1 ,exceptions1 ,obs]vations1 ,notes1 & ,false ,syntax4 ,! ,notes are all ( !m1 9 =m & "*1 subord9ate rules ( syntax1 design$ = ! detection ( errors4 ,! correction ( ! ,false ,syntax plac$ "u ! rules & notes1 w =m an oral ex]cise1 simil> to t ( p>s+1 & p]haps m useful4#ccd ,,rule ,i4--,,articles4 ,articles relate to ! n\ns :i* !y limit3#cce z1 ,at a little di/ance f ! ru9s ( ! abbey1 /&s an ag$ elm4 ,see ! bl9d begg> dance1 ! cripple s+1 ,! sot a h]o1 lunatic a k+4--,pope's ,essay1 ,ep4 ii1 l4 #bfh4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,! def9ite article us$ int5sively1 may relate to an adjective or adv]b ( ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative degree2 z1 ,a l& :i* 0 ! mightie/4--,byron4 ,! f>!r !y proce$$1 ! great] appe>$ _! alacrity4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,he *ooses x ! r--,c[p]4 ,see ,obs4 #aj?1 bel[4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,! indef9ite article is sometimes us$ to give a collective mean+ to :at seems a plural adjective ( numb]2 z1 ,?\ ha/ a few names ev5 9 ,s>dis4--,rev41 iii1 #d4 ,!re are a ?\s& ?+s :i* cr[d into my memory4--,spectator1 ,no4 #dfh4 ,! c5turion comm&$ a hundr$ m54--,web/]4 ,see ,etymology1 ,articles1 ,obs4 #bf4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,i4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! article is a k9d ( index1 usually po9t+ to "s n\n2 & x is a g5]al1 if n a univ]sal1 pr9ciple1 t no "o n\n admits ( m ?an "o article4 ,h5ce1 two or m articles 9 a s5t5ce are signs ( two or m n\ns2 & h5ce too1 by a v conv5i5t ellipsis1 an article be=e an adjective is (t5 made to relate to a n\n und]/ood2 z1 ,! grave p rebuke ! gay p1 & ! gay p mock ! grave p4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #ajc4 ,! wise p]sons %all inh]it glory4--,prov41 iii1 #ce4 ,! vile p]son w talk villa9y4--,col]idge's ,lay ,s]mons1 p4 #aje3 see ,isaiah1 xxxii1 #f4 ,! te/imony ( ! ,"l is sure1 mak+ wise ! simple ones4--,psal41 xix1 #g4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new ,te/am5t are alike au!ntic4--,! animal _w & ! vegetable _w are adapt$ to ea* o!r4--,an epic poem & a dramatic poem are ! same 9 sub/ance4--,ld4 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bgd4 ,! neut] v]b is conjugat$ l ! active v]b4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,ea* section is suppos$ to conta9 a heavy portion & a light portion2 ! heavy portion be+ ! acc5t$ syllable1 & ! light portion ! unacc5t$ syllable4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #cfd4 ,,obs4 #b4--,our language does n1 l ! ,fr5*1 require a repetition ( ! article be=e e n\n 9 a s]ies2 because ! same article may s]ve to limit ! signification ( sev]al n\ns1 provid$ !y all /& 9 ! same con/ruction4 ,h5ce ! foll[+ s5t5ce is bad ,engli%3 ,! und]/&+ & language h a /rict connexion4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #cef4 ,! s5se ( ! =m] n\n only 0 meant to be limit$4 ,! expression !re=e %\ld h be51 ,language & ! und]/&+ h a /rict connexion1 or1 ,! und]/&+ has a /rict connexion ) language4 ,9 "s in/ances1 "o article seems to limit ! s5se ( sev]al n\ns t are n all 9 ! same con/ruction1 ?us3 ,z x proves a great] or small] ob/ruction to ! speak]'s or writ]'s aim4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjj4 ,t is--to ! aim ( ! speak] or ! writ]4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! possessive1 t limits ! o!r n\ns2 =1 a man's foes means1 ! foes ( a man2 &1 man's wisdom1 means1 ! wisdom ( man4 ,! gov]n+ n\n _c h an article imm$iately be=e x4 ,yet ! omission ( articles1 :5 x occurs1 is n prop]ly by ellipsis1 z "s gramm>ians decl>e x to be2 = !re nev] c be a prop] ellipsis ( an article1 :5 !re is n also an ellipsis ( its n\n4 ,ellipsis supposes ! omitt$ words to be necess>y to ! con/ruction1 :5 !y are n s to ! s5se2 & ?is1 x w\ld seem1 _c be ! case ) a m]e article4 ,if su* a sign be 9 any wise necess>y1 x ought to be us$2 & if n ne$$ 9 any respect1 x _c be said to be und]/ood4 ,! def9ite article be+ g5]ally requir$ be=e adjectives t are us$ by ellipsis z n\ns1 we 9 ?is case repeat x be=e e t]m 9 a s]ies2 z1 ,!y are s+l$ out f among _! fell[s1 z ! k9d1 ! amiable1 ! sweet-temp]$1 ! upright4--,dr4 ,*alm]s4 ,! great1 ! gay1 %all !y p>take ,! heav'n t ?\ alone can/ make8--,c[p]4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! article prec$es its n\n1 & is nev]1 by itself1 plac$ aft] x2 z1 ,passion is ! drunk5ness ( ! m9d4--,s\!y4 ,:5 an adjective likewise prec$es ! n\n1 ! article is usually plac$ be=e ! adjective1 t its p[] ( limitation may ext5d ov] t also2 z1 ,a concise writ] compresses 8 ?\ghts into ! fewe/ possible words4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agf4 ,! private pa?1 ! secret acts ( m51 ,if noble1 f> ! noble/ ( _! lives4--,"y4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! relative position ( ! article & ! adjective is seldom a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,?us1 x is good ,engli% to say1 bo? ! m51 or1 ! two m52 b we c by no means say1 ! bo? m5 or1 two ! m54 ,aga91 ! two phrases1 half a doll>1 & a half doll>1 ?\gh bo? good1 are by no means equival5t4 ,( ! pronom9al adjectives1 "s exclude ! article2 "s prec$e x2 & "s foll[ x1 l o!r adjectives4 ,! ^w same is seldom1 if ev] us$ )\t ! def9ite article or "s /rong] def9itive be=e x2 z1 ,on ! same day1--9 t same h\r1--,^! same g5tlem54 ,aft] ! adjective bo?1 ! def9ite article may be us$1 b x is g5]ally unnecess>y1 & ?is is a suffici5t reason = omitt+ x3 z1 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces w fully exemplify1 to ! "y gramm>ian1 bo? ! p>ts ( ?is rule4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #aib4 ,say1 bo? p>ts4 ,! adjective few may be us$ ei!r ) or )\t an article1 b n ) ! same import3 z1 ,! few :o 7 pres5t1 7 9 ! secret2 i4 e41 ,all !n pres5t knew ! ?+4 ,few t 7 pres5t1 7 9 ! secret2 i4e41 ,n _m !n pres5t knew ! ?+4 ,:5 ,i say1 ',!re 7 few m5 ) him1' ,i speak dim9utively1 & mean to repres5t !m z inconsid]able2 :]eas1 :5 ,i say1 ',!re 7 a few m5 ) him1' ,i evid5tly int5d to make ! mo/ ( !m4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,see ,etymology1 ,articles1 ,obs4 #bh4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! pronom9al adjectives :i* exclude ! article1 are any1 ea*1 ei!r1 e1 mu*1 nei!r1 no1 or none1 "s1 ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?4 ,! pronom9al adjectives :i* prec$e ! article1 are all1 bo?1 _m1 su*1 & :at2 z1 ,all ! _w1--,bo? ! judges1--,_m a#ccf mile1--,su* a *asm1--,:at a freak4 ,9 l mann]1 any adjective ( quality1 :5 its mean+ is limit$ by ! adv]b too1 s1 z1 or h[1 is put be=e ! article2 z1 ,too great a /udy ( /r5g?1 is f\nd to betray writ]s into a h>% mann]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agi4 ,l _m an o!r poor wret*1 ,i n[ suff] all ! ill consequ5ces ( s fooli% an indulg5ce4 ,su* a gift is too small a rew>d = s great a lab\r4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,"h fl[s z cle> a /ream z any 9 ,greece4 ,h[ beautiful a prospect is "h6--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #eb4 ,! pronom9al adjectives :i* foll[ ! article1 are few1 =m]1 fir/1 latt]1 la/1 little1 "o1 o!r1 & same2 z1 ,an au?or might lean ei!r to ! "o /yle or to ! o!r1 & yet be beautiful4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agi4 ,_m1 l few1 sometimes foll[s ! article2 z1 ,! _m fav\rs :i* we h receiv$4--,9 conv]sation1 = _m a man1 !y say1 a _m m54--,johnson's ,dict4 ,9 ?is ord] ( ! words1 a seems awkw>d & ne$less2 z1 ,told ( a _m ?\s& w>like ,fr5*4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #f4--,:5 ! adjective is prec$$ by any o!r adv]b ?an too1 s1 z1 or h[1 ! article is almo/ always plac$ be=e ! adv]b3 z1 ,"o ( ! mo/ complete models2--,an equally important "q2--,an exce$+ly r\gh passage2--,a v important diff]5ce4 ,! adv]b q1 h[ev]1 may be plac$ ei!r be=e or aft] ! article1 ?\gh p]haps ) a diff]5ce ( con/ruction3 z1 ,?is is q a diff]5t ?+2--or1 ,?is is a q diff]5t ?+4 ,f9d+ x q an o!r ?+2--or1 ,f9d+ x a q o!r ?+4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #aec4 ,sometimes two adv]bs int]v5e betwe5 ! article & ! adjective2 z1 ,we _h a r m explicit acc\nt ( ! ,novii4--,philol4 ,museum1 i1 #deh4 ,b :5 an o!r adv]b foll[s too1 s1 z1 or h[1 ! ?ree words %\ld be plac$ ei!r be=e ! article or aft] ! n\n2 z1 ,:o /&s !re 9 s purely poetical a light4--,ib41 i1 #ddi4 ,bett]1 p]haps3 ,9 a light s purely poetical4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! def9itives ?is1 t1 & "s o!rs1 ?\gh !y sup]s$e ! article an or a1 may be foll[$ by ! adjective "o2 = we say1 ?is "o ?+1 b n1 ?is a ?+4 ,yet1 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ?is & a be+ sep>at$ by o!r words1 appe> to relate to ! same n\n3 ,= :o is able to judge ?is ?y s great a p8--#a ,k+s1 iii1 #i4 ,b we may suppose ! n\n p to be und]/ood aft] ?is4 ,aga91 ! foll[+ example1 if x is n wrong1 has an ellipsis ( ! ^w use aft] ! fir/ a3 ,= highe/ cordials all _! virtue lose1 ,by a too frequ5t & too bold a use4--,pomfret4 ,,obs4 #h4--,:5 ! adjective is plac$ aft] ! n\n1 ! article g5]ally reta9s its place be=e ! n\n1 & is n repeat$ be=e ! adjective3 z1 ,a man ignorant ( a/ronomy2--,! primrose pale4 ,9 ,greek1 :5 an adjective is plac$ aft] its n\n1 if ! article is appli$ to ! n\n1 x is repeat$ be=e ! adjective2 z1 ,greek3 ,h polis h megal1--,! city ! great2 i4e41 ,! great city4 #ccg ,,obs4 #i4--;,articles1 accord+ to _! own def9ition & nature1 come be=e _! n\ns2 b ! def9ite article & an adjective seem sometimes to be plac$ aft] ! n\n to :i* !y bo? relate3 z1 ,section ! ,f\r?2--,h5ry ! ,eigh?4 ,su* examples1 h[ev]1 may possibly be suppos$ elliptical2 z1 ,section1 ! f\r? division ( ! *apt]2--,h5ry1 ! eigh? k+ ( t "n3 &1 if !y are s1 ! article1 9 ,engli%1 c nev] be plac$ aft] its n\n1 nor c two articles ev] prop]ly relate to "o n\n1 9 any p>ticul> con/ruction ( x4 ,prie/ley obs]ves1 ,"s writ]s affect to transpose ^! words1 & place ! num]al adjective fir/2 z1 ',! fir/ ,h5ry4' ,hume's ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dig4 ,?is con/ruction is common ) ?is writ]1 b !re seems to be a want ( dignity 9 x4--,rudim5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,dr4 ,web/] cites ! ^w ,great1 9 ,alex&] ! ,great z a "n1 or "p ( a "n2 t is1 he gives x z an in/ance ( cognom9ation4 ,see 8 ,am]ican ,dict41 #hvo4 ,& if ?is is "r1 ! article may be said to relate to ! epi!t only1 z x appe>s to d4 ,=1 if ! ^w is tak5 sub/antively1 !re is c]ta9ly no ellipsis2 nei!r is !re any transposition 9 putt+ x la/1 b r1 z ,prie/ley sugge/s1 9 putt+ x fir/4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! def9ite article is (t5 prefix$ to comp>atives & sup]latives2 & its effect is1 z ,murray obs]ves1 79 ! words ( ,l[?17 to m>k ! degree ! m /rongly1 & to def9e x ! m precisely3 z1 ',! m ,i exam9e x1 ! bett] ,i l x4' ',i l ?is ! lea/ ( any4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cc2 ,l[?'s1 #ad4 ,= nei!r if we eat1 are we ! bett]2 nei!r if we eat n1 are we ! worse4--#a ,cor41 viii1 #h4 ,"o is n ! m agreeable to me = lov+ beef1 z ,i d2 nor ! less agreeable = pref]r+ mutton4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cfe4 ,!y are n ! m5 9 ! nation1 ! mo/ difficult to be replac$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 ! article seems to be us$ adv]bially1 & to relate only to ! adjective or adv]b foll[+ x4 7,see obs]vation f\r?1 on ! ,etymology ( ,adv]bs47 ,yet none ( our gramm>ians h actually reckon$ ! an adv]b4 ,aft] ! adjective1 ! n\n might p]haps be suppli$2 b :5 ! ^w ! is add$ to an adv]b1 we mu/ ei!r call x an adv]b1 or make an exception to ,rule #a/ above3 & if an exception is to be made1 ! brief =m :i* ,i h giv51 _c well be improv$4 ,= ev5 if a n\n be und]/ood1 x may n appe> t ! article relates to x1 r ?an to ! degree ( ! quality4 ,?us3 ,! deep] ! well1 ! cle>] ! wat]4 ,?is ,dr4 ,a% supposes to mean1 ,! deep] well ! well is1 ! cle>] wat] ! wat] is4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,b does ! text specify a p>ticul> deep] well or cle>] wat]8 ,i ?9k n4 ,to :at !n does ! ref]1 b to ! proportionate degree ( deep] & cle>]8 ,,obs4 #aa4--,! article ! is sometimes elegantly us$1 aft] an idiom common 9 ! ,fr5* language1 9 lieu ( a possessive pron\n2 z1 ,he look$ him full 9 ! face2 i4 e4 9 8 face4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,m5 :o h n b[$ ! knee to ! image ( ,baal4--,rom41 xi1 #d4 ,t is1 _! knees4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! article an or a1 because x implies unity1 is applicable to n\ns ( ! s+ul> numb] only2 yet a collective n\n1 be+ s+ul> 9 =m1 is sometimes prec$$ by ?is article ev5 :5 x conveys ! idea ( plurality & takes a plural v]b3 z1 ,!re are a v great numb] ( adv]bs end+ 9 ly4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #fc4 ,a plurality ( !m are sometimes felt at ! same in/ant4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aad4 ,9 support ( ?is con/ruction1 x w\ld be easy to adduce a great multitude ( examples f ! mo/ reputable writ]s2 b /ill1 z x seems n v consi/5t1 to take any ^w plurally aft] re/rict+ x to ! s+ul>1 we ought r to avoid ?is if we c1 & pref] words t lit]ally agree 9 numb]3 z1 ,( adv]bs !re are v _m end+ 9 ly--,m ?an "o ( !m are sometimes felt at ! same in/ant4 ,! ^w plurality1 l o!r collective n\ns1 is lit]ally s+ul>3 z1 ,to produce ! latt]1 a plurality ( objects is necess>y4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bbd4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,respect+ ! =m ( ! indef9ite article1 pres5t practice diff]s a little f t ( our anci5t writ]s4 ,an 0 =m]ly us$ be=e all words beg9n+ ) h1 & be=e sev]al o!r words :i* are n[ pron\nc$ 9 su* a mann] z to require a3 ?us1 we read 9 ! ,bible1 ,an help1--an h\se1--an hundr$1--an "o1--an ew]1--an usur]2 :]eas we n[ say1 ,a help1--a h\se1--a hundr$1--a "o1--a ew]1--a usur]4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,be=e ! ^w humble1 ) its comp\nds & d]ivatives1 "s use an1 & o!rs1 a2 accord+ to _! practice1 9 ?is in/ance1 ( s\nd+ or suppress+ ! aspiration4 ,web/] & ,jameson s\nd ! h1 & consequ5tly pref] a2 z1 ,b a humbl+ image is n always necess>y to produce t effect4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bje4 ,o :at a bless+ is a humble m9d6--,*ri/ian ,exp]i5ce1 p4 #cdb4 ,b ,%]idan1 ,walk]1 ,p]ry1 ,jones1 & p]haps a majority ( fa%ionable speak]s1 leave ! h sil5t1 & w\ld consequ5tly say1 ,an humbl+ image1--an humble m9d1--c4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,an obs]vance ( ! pr9ciples on :i* ! article is to be repeat$ or n repeat$ 9 a s5t5ce1 is ( v great mom5t 9 respect to accuracy ( composition4 ,^! pr9ciples are briefly /at$ 9 ! notes bel[1 b x is prop] t ! le>n] %\ld "k ! reasons ( ! di/9ctions :i* are !re made4 ,by a repetition ( ! article be=e sev]al adjectives 9 ! same con/ruction1 a repetition ( ! n\n is impli$2 b )\t a repetition ( ! article1 ! adjectives1 9 all fairness ( int]pretation1 are conf9$ to "o & ! same n\n3 z1 ,no figures w r5d] a cold or an empty composition int]e/+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acd4 ,"h ! au?or speaks ( a cold composition & an empty composition z diff]5t ?+s4 ,! metaphorical & ! lit]al mean+ are improp]ly mix$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cci4 ,"h ! v]b are has two nom9atives1 "o ( :i* is express$1 & ! o!r und]/ood4 ,b ! ?ird & ! la/ ( ^! =ms are seldom us$4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #ahf4 ,"h ! v]b are us$ has two nom9atives1 bo? ( :i* are und]/ood2 namely1 ! ?ird =m1 & ! la/ =m4 ,aga93 ,! orig9al & pres5t signification is always reta9$4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #adi4 ,"h "o signification is *>act]iz$ z be+ bo? orig9al & pres5t4 ,a loose & v]bose mann] nev] fails to create disgu/4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfa4 ,t is1 "o mann]1 loose & v]bose4 ,to give a %ort & yet cle> & pla9 answ] to ?is proposition4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ecc4 ,t is1 "o answ]1 %ort1 cle>1 & pla92 = ! conjunctions 9 ! text connect no?+ b ! adjectives4 ,,obs4 #af4--,to avoid repetition1 ev5 ( ! little ^w !1 we sometimes1 ) "o article1 jo9 inconsi/5t qualities to a plural n\n2--t is1 :5 ! adjectives s diff] z to individualize ! ?+s1 we sometimes make ! n\n plural1 9 /ead ( repeat+ ! article3 z1 ,! nor? & s\? poles2 9 /ead (1 ,! nor? & ! s\? pole4--,! indicative & pot5tial moods2 9 /ead ( ,! indicative & ! pot5tial mood4--,! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts2 9 /ead (1 ,! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b1 9 any su* case1 to repeat ! article :5 ! n\n is made plural1 is a huge blund]2 because x implies a repetition ( ! plural n\n4 ,& aga91 n to repeat ! article :5 ! n\n is s+ul>1 is also wrong2 because x =ces ! adjectives to coalesce 9 describ+ "o & ! same ?+4 ,?us1 to say1 ,! nor? & s\? pole is c]ta9ly wrong1 unless we mean by x1 "o pole1 or sl5d] /ick ( wood1 po9t+ nor? & s\?2 & aga91 to say1 ,! nor? & ! s\? poles1 is also wrong1 unless we mean by x1 sev]al poles at ! nor? & o!rs at ! s\?4 ,s ! phrase1 ,! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t is wrong1 because we h n "o ,te/am5t t is bo? ,old & ,new2 & aga91 ,! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts1 is wrong1 because we h n sev]al ,old ,te/am5ts & sev]al ,new ones3 at lea/ we h !m n 9 ! ,bible4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,sometimes a n\n t admits no article1 is prec$$ by adjectives t d n describe ! same ?+2 z1 ,nev] to jumble metaphorical & pla9 language toge!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #adf4 ,?is means1 metaphorical language & pla9 language2 &1 = ! sake ( p]fect cle>ness1 x w\ld p]haps be bett] to express x s4 ,= z intr9sic & relative beauty mu/ (t5 be bl5d$ 9 ! same build+1 x becomes a difficult task to atta9 bo? 9 any p]fection4--,k>nes1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ccj4 ,t is1 intr9sic beauty & relative beauty mu/ (t5 be bl5d$2 & ?is phraseology w\ld be bett]4 ,9 correspond5ce to t di/9ction ( male & female sex4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #gd4 ,?is may be express$ z well or bett]1 9 half a doz5 o!r ways2 = ! article may be add$1 or ! n\n may be made plural1 ) or )\t ! article1 & be=e or aft] ! adjectives4 ,!y make no di/9ction betwe5 causes ( civil & crim9al jurisdiction4-- ,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cjb4 ,?is means--betwe5 causes ( civil & causes ( crim9al jurisdiction2 &1 = ! sake ( p]spicuity1 x ought to h be5 s writt51--or1 /ill bett]1 ?us3 ,!y make no di/9ction betwe5 civil causes & crim9al4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,i4 ,,note ,i4--,:5 ! indef9ite article is requir$1 a %\ld always be us$ be=e ! s\nd ( a consonant1 & an1 be=e t ( a v[el2 z1 ,) ! tal5ts ( an angel1 a man may be a fool4--,"y4 ,,note ,,ii4--,! article an or a mu/ nev] be s us$ z to relate1 or ev5 seem to relate1 to a plural n\n4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is !re=e faulty3 ,i invit$ h] to sp5d a day 9 view+ a seat & g>d5s4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #cd4 ,say1 a seat & its g>d5s4 ,,note ,,iii4--,:5 n\ns are jo9$ 9 con/ruction1 ) diff]5t adjuncts1 diff]5t dep5d5ce1 or positive contra/1 ! article1 if x belong at all to ! latt]1 mu/ be repeat$4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is !re=e inaccurate3 ,%e nev] consid]$ ! quality1 b m]it ( h] visitors4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,say1 ! m]it4 ,s ! article 9 brackets is absolutely necess>y to ! s5se & propriety ( ! foll[+ phrase1 ?\gh n ins]t$ by ! le>n$ au?or3 ,! ,lat9 introduc$ betwe5 ! ,conque/ & ! reign ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #db4 ,,note ,,iv4--,:5 adjectives are connect$1 & ! qualities belong to ?+s individually diff]5t1 ?\gh ( ! same "n1 ! article %\ld be repeat$3 z1 ,a black & a :ite horse2--i4 e41 two horses1 "o black & ! o!r :ite4 ,! nor? & ! s\? l9e2--i4 e41 two l9es1 runn+ ea/ & we/4 ,,note ,v4--,:5 adjectives are connect$1 & ! qualities all belong to ! same ?+ or ?+s1 ! article %\ld n be repeat$3 z1 ,a black & :ite horse2--i4 e41 "o horse1 piebald4 ,! nor? & s\? l9e2--i4 e41 "o l9e1 runn+ nor? & s\?1 l a m]idian4 ,,note ,,vi4--,:5 two or m individual ?+s ( ! same "n are di/+ui%$ by adjectives t _c unite to describe ! same ?+1 ! article mu/ be add$ to ea* if ! n\n be s+ul>1 & to ! fir/ only if ! n\n foll[ !m 9 ! plural3 z1 ,! nom9ative & ! objective case2 or1 ,! nom9ative & objective cases4--,! ?ird1 ! fif?1 ! sev5?1 & ! eigh? *apt]2 or1 ,! ?ird1 fif?1 sev5?1 & eigh? *apt]s4 #cch ,,note ,,vii4--,:5 two phrases ( ! same s5t5ce h any special correspond5ce ) ea* o!r1 ! article1 if us$ 9 ! =m]1 is 9 g5]al requir$ also 9 ! latt]3 z1 ,= ye "k nei!r ! day nor ! h\r4--,matt41 xxv1 #ac4 ,nei!r ! cold nor ! f]vid are =m$ = fri5d%ip4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bji4 ,! vail ( ! temple 0 r5t 9 twa91 f ! top to ! bottom4--,matt41 xxvii1 #ea4 ,,note ,,viii4--,:5 a special correspond5ce is =m$ betwe5 individual epi!ts1 ! n\n :i* foll[s mu/ n be made plural2 because ! article1 9 su* a case1 _c be repeat$ z ! con/ruction ( correspond5ts requires4 ,?us1 x is improp] to say1 ,bo? ! fir/ & second editions or1 ,bo? ! fir/ & ! second editions = ! accurate phrase1 ,bo? ! fir/ & ! second edition2 & /ill worse to say1 ,nei!r ! ,old nor ,new ,te/am5ts or1 ,nei!r ! ,old nor ! ,new ,te/am5ts = ! j expression1 ,nei!r ! ,old nor ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,yet we may say1 ,nei!r ! old nor ! new /atutes or1 ,bo? ! e>ly & ! late editions2 = "h ! epi!ts sev]ally apply to m ?an "o ?+4 ,,note ,,ix4--,9 a s]ies ( ?ree or m t]ms1 if ! article is us$ ) any1 x %\ld 9 g5]al be add$ ei!r to e "o1 or else to ! fir/ only4 ,! foll[+ phrase is !re=e inaccurate3 ,?r\gh _! att5tion to ! helm1 ! sails1 or rigg+4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aa4 ,say1 ! rigg+4 ,,note ,x4--,z ! article an or a d5otes "o ?+ ( a k9d1 x %\ld n be us$ z we use !1 to d5ote emphatically a :ole k9d2 & aga91 :5 ! species is said to be ( ! g5us1 no article %\ld be us$ to limit ! latt]4 ,?us "s w say1 ,a jay is a sort ( a bird2 :]eas !y ought to say1 ,! jay is a sort ( bird4 ,because x is absurd to sugge/1 t "o jay is a sort ( "o bird4 ,yet we may say1 ,! jay is a bird1 or1 ,a jay is a bird2 because1 z e species is "o "u ! g5us1 s e individual is "o "u bo?4 ,,note ,,xi4--,! article %\ld n be us$ be=e ! names ( virtues1 vices1 passions1 arts1 or sci5ces1 9 _! g5]al s5se2 be=e t]ms t are /rictly limit$ by o!r def9itives2 or be=e any n\n ^: signification is suffici5tly def9ite )\t x3 z1 ,falsehood is odi\s4--,iron is useful4--,beauty is va94--,admiration is useless1 :5 x is n support$ by dome/ic wor?--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cj4 ,,note ,,xii4--,:5 titles are m5tion$ m]ely z titles2 or names ( ?+s1 m]ely z names or words2 ! article %\ld n be us$ be=e !m3 z1 ,he is /yl$ ,m>quis2 n1 ! ,m>quis1 or1 a ,m>quis1--,ought a tea*] to call 8 pupil ,ma/]8--,?ames is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 "n ,tamesis4 ,,note ,,xiii4--,:5 a comp>ison or an alt]native is made ) two n\ns1 if bo? ( !m ref] to ! same subject1 ! article %\ld n be ins]t$ be=e ! latt]2 if to diff]5t subjects1 x %\ld n be omitt$3 ?us1 if we say1 ,he is a bett] tea*] ?an poet1 we comp>e diff]5t qualifications ( ! same man2 b if we say1 ,he is a bett] tea*] ?an a poet1 we speak ( diff]5t m51 9 reg>d to ! same qualification4 ,,note ,,xiv4--,! def9ite article1 or "s o!r def9itive1 7z ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?17 is g5]ally requir$ be=e ! antec$5t to ! pron\n :o or :i* 9 a re/rictive clause2 z1 ,all ! m5 :o 7 pres5t1 agre$ to x4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,! ?\ghts :i* passion sugge/s are always pla9 & obvi\s ones4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfh4 ,! ?+s :i* are impossible ) m51 are possible ) ,god4--,luke1 xviii1 #bg4 ,see ,etymology1 ,*ap4 ,v1 ,obs4 #bf?1 c41 on ,classes ( ,pron\ns4 ,,note ,,xv4--,! article is g5]ally requir$ 9 t con/ruction :i* conv]ts a p>ticiple into a v]bal or p>ticipial n\n2 z1 ,! complet+ ( ?is1 by ! work+-out ( s9 inh]5t1 mu/ be by ! p[] & _s ( ,*ri/ 9 ! he>t4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,!y %all be an abhorr+ unto all fle%4--,isaiah1 lxvi1 #bd4 ,= ! d$icat+ ( ! alt>4--,numb41 vii1 #aa4 ,,note ,,xvi4--,! article %\ld n be add$ to any p>ticiple t is n tak5 9 all o!r respects z a n\n2 z1 ,= ! d$icat+ ! alt>4--,he made a mi/ake 9 ! giv+ out ! text4 ,expunge !1 & let d$icat+ & giv+ "h /& z p>ticiples only2 = 9 ! con/ruction ( n\ns1 !y mu/ h n only a def9itive be=e !m1 b ! preposition ( aft] !m4 ,,note ,,xvii4--,! false syntax ( articles prop]ly includes e passage 9 :i* !re is any faulty ins]tion1 omission1 *oice1 or position1 ( ?is "p ( spee*4 ,= example3 ,:5 ! v]b is a passive1 ! ag5t & object *ange places4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,bett]3 ,:5 ! v]b is passive1 ! ag5t & ! object *ange places4 ,comp>isons us$ by ! sacr$ poets1 are g5]ally %ort4--,russell's ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,bett]3 ,! comp>isons1 c4 ,pron\n means = n\n1 & is us$ to avoid ! too frequ5t repetition ( ! n\n4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,say r3 ,! pron\n is put = a n\n1 & is us$ to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( ! n\n4 ,or3 ,! ^w ,,pron\n means = n\n2 & a pron\n is us$ to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( "s n\n4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,i4 ,fi/,! examples ( ,false ,syntax plac$ "u ! rules & notes1 are to be correct$ orally by ! pupil1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 or accord+ to o!rs fram$ 9 l mann]1 & adapt$ to ! sev]al notes4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,an ,,or ,a4 ,i h se5 an horrible ?+ 9 ! h\se ( ,israel4--,hosea1 vi1 #aj4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! article an is us$ be=e horrible1 :i* beg9s ) ! s\nd ( ! consonant h4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #a/1 "u ,rule #a/1 ,:5 ! indef9ite article is requir$1 a %\ld always be us$ be=e ! s\nd ( a consonant1 & an1 be=e t ( a v[el4 ,!re=e1 an %\ld be a2 ?us1 ,i h se5 a horrible ?+ 9 ! h\se ( ,israel4 ,!re is an h>%ness 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,inde$1 su* an "o is n to be look$ =4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bg4 ,if ea* ( y w be dispos$ to approve himself an useful citiz54--,ib41 p4 #bfc4 ,l& ) !m _h acquir$ almo/ an ,european value4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cbe4 ,he endeav\r$ to f9d out an :olesome rem$y4--,neef's ,me?od ( ,ed41 p4 #c4 ,at no "t h we att5d$ an ,ye>ly ,meet+ m to our own satisfaction4--,! ,fri5d1 v1 #bbd4 ,addison 0 n an hum\ri/ 9 "*4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cjc4 ,ah me6 :at an "o 0 he8--,lily's ,gram41 p4 #di4 ,he 0 su* an "o z ,i nev] saw4--,ib4 ,no man c be a good prea*]1 :o is n an useful "o4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bhc4 ,an usage :i* is too frequ5t ) ,mr4 ,addison4--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,nobody jo9s ! voice ( a %eep ) ! %ape ( an horse4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #bih4 ,an univ]sality seems to be aim$ at by ! omission ( ! article4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,ar*itecture is an useful z well z a f9e art4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cce4 ,because ! same individual conjunctions d n pres]ve an uni=m signification4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,su* a "w requir$ ! pati5ce & assiduity ( an h]mit4--,johnson's ,life ( ,mor94 ,res5tm5t is an union ( sorr[ ) malignity4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #ahe4 ,8 brav]y1 we "k1 0 an high c\rage ( blasphemy4--,pope4 ,hyssop2 a h]b ( bitt] ta/e4--,pike's ,heb4 ,lex41 p4 #c4 ,on ea* en]vate /r+ !y taught ! note ,to pant1 or tremble ?r\gh an ,eunu*'s ?roat4--,pope4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,an ,,or ,a ,,) ,,plurals4 ,at a sessions ( ! c\rt 9 ,m>*1 x 0 mov$1 c4--,hut*9son's ,hi/4 ( ,mass41 i1 #fa4 ,i %all relate my conv]sations1 ( :i* ,i kept a memor&a4--,du*ess ,d',abrantes1 p4 #bf4 ,i took ano!r diction>y1 & ) a scissors cut out1 = in/ance1 ! ^w ,,abacus4--,a4 ,b4 ,johnson's ,plan ( a ,dict41 p4 #ab4 ,a p]son v meet seem$ he = ! purpose1 ( a =ty-five ye>s old4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #cch4 ,& x came to pass ab\t an eight days aft] ^! say+s4--,luke1 ix1 #bh4 ,!re 7 sla9 ( !m ^u a ?ree ?\s& m54--#a ,mac41 iv1 #ae4 ,until ,i _h ga9$ ! top ( ^! :ite m\nta9s1 :i* seem$ ano!r ,alps ( sn[4--,addison1 ,tat41 ,no4 #afa4 ,to make !m a satisfactory am5ds = all ! losses !y _h su/a9$4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 p4 #ahg4 ,z a fir/ fruits ( _m m t %all be ga!r$4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ejf4 ,x makes inde$ a little am5ds1 by incit+ u to oblige p4--,%effield's ,works1 ii1 #bbi4 ,a l>ge & lightsome back/airs leads up to an entry above4--,ib41 p4 #bfj4 ,peace ( m9d is an hon\rable am5ds = ! sacrifices ( int]e/4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afb2 ,smi?'s1 #ach4 ,) su* a _s & s5tim5ts 7 ho/ilities c>ri$ on4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 i1 #aff4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a ?ick woods1 he _h long liv$ a volunt>y recluse4--,g4 ,b4 ,! flats look almo/ l a "y woods4--,morn+ ,*ronicle4 ,z we w5t on1 ! c\ntry = a little ways improv$1 b scantily4--,essex ,c\nty ,freeman1 ,vol4 ii1 ,no4 #aa4 ,:]eby ! ,jews 7 p]mitt$ to return into _! own c\ntry1 aft] a sev5ty ye>s captivity at ,babylon4--,roll9's ,an4 ,hi/41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bj4 ,he did riot g a great ways into ! c\ntry4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,a l>ge am5ds by =tune's h& is made1 ,& ! lo/ ,punic blood is well repay'd4--,r[e's ,lucan1 iv1 #abda4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,n\ns ,,connect$4 ,z :]e a l&scape is conjo9$ ) ! music ( birds & od\r ( fl[]s4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aag4 ,! la/ ord] resembles ! second 9 ! mildness ( its acc5t1 & s(tness ( its pause4--,ib41 ii1 #aac4 ,be=e ! use ( ! load/one or k ( ! compass4--,dryd54 ,! p]fect p>ticiple & imp]fect t5se ought n to be conf\nd$4--,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #bib4 ,9 proportion z ! ta/e ( a poet1 or orator1 becomes m ref9$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bg4 ,a situation c nev] be intricate1 z long z !re is an angel1 devil1 or musician1 to l5d a help+ h&4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bhe4 ,avoid rude sports3 an eye is soon lo/1 or bone brok54--,n a ^w 0 utt]$1 nor sign giv54--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #abe4 ,i despise n ! do]1 b de$4--,ibid4 ,= ! sake ( an easi] pronunciation & m agreeable s\nd4--,l[?4 ,! levity z well z loquacity ( ! ,greeks made !m incapable ( keep+ up ! true /&>d ( hi/ory4-- ,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #aae4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,adjectives ,,connect$4 ,x is prop] t ! v[els be a long & %ort "o4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cbg4 ,:e!r ! p]son m5tion$ 0 se5 by ! speak] a long or %ort "t be=e4--,ib41 p4 #gj2 ,fisk's1 #gb4 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s1 ,mascul9e1 ,fem99e1 & ,neut]4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,! numb]s are two2 ,s+ul> & ,plural4--,ib41 p4 #hj2 ,g\ld's1 #gg4 ,! p]sons are ?ree2 ,fir/1 ,second1 & ,?ird4--,adam1 et al4 ,n\ns & pron\ns h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 possessive1 & objective4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #ai2 ,+]soll's1 #ba4 ,v]bs h five moods2 namely1 ! ,indicative1 ,pot5tial1 ,subjunctive1 ,imp]ative1 & ,inf9itive4-- ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ce2 ,l5nie's1 #bj4 ,h[ _m numb]s h pron\ns8 ,two1 ! s+ul> & plural4--,bradley's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,to di/+ui% betwe5 an int]rogative & exclamatory s5t5ce4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bhj2 ,comly's1 #afc2 ,+]soll's1 #bib4 ,! fir/ & la/ ( :i* are comp\nd$ memb]s4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,9 ! la/ lecture1 ,i treat$ ( ! concise & diffuse1 ! n]v\s & feeble mann]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ahc4 ,! passive & neut] v]bs1 ,i %all res]ve = "s future conv]sation4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,!re are two voices2 ! ,active & ,passive4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #ei2 ,g\ld's1 #hg4 ,^: is r ! poetical ?an regul> g5itive ( :i*4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,to feel ! =ce ( a comp\nd1 or d]ivative ^w4--,t[n's ,analysis1 p4 #d4 ,to pres]ve ! di/9ctive uses ( ! copulative & disjunctive conjunctions4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aej2 ,+]soll's1 #bcc4 ,e has a long & %ort s\nd 9 mo/ languages4-- ,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #ac4 ,:5 ! figurative & lit]al s5se are mix$ & jumbl$ toge!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aea4 ,! ,hebrew1 ) :i* ! ,canaaniti% & ,pho5ician /& 9 connection4--,,conant3 ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #bh4 ,! languages ( ,sc&9avia prop]1 ! ,norwegian & ,sw$i%4--,f[l]1 ib41 p4 #ca4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,adjectives ,,connect$4 ,! pa? ( tru? is a pla9 & a safe pa?--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bcf4 ,directions = acquir+ a j & a happy elocution4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #add4 ,its lead+ object is to adopt a correct & an easy me?od4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,h[ c x *oose b )] 9 a long & a %>p w9t]4--,c[ley's ,pref41 p4 vi4 ,into a d>k & a di/ant unkn[n4--,*alm]s1 on ,a/ronomy1 p4 #bcj4 ,:5 ! bold & ! /rong enslav$ 8 fell[ man4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #ba4 ,we n[ proce$ to consid] ! ?+s mo/ ess5tial to an accurate & a p]fect s5t5ce4 --,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cjf4 ,& h5ce arises a second & a v consid]able s\rce ( ! improvem5t ( ta/e4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ah4 ,novelty produces 9 ! m9d a vivid & an agreeable emotion4--,ib41 p4 #ej4 ,! deepe/ & ! bitt]e/ feel+ /ill is1 ! sep>ation4-- ,dr4 ,m',rie4 ,a great & a good man looks beyond "t4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #abe4 ,!y made b a weak & an ineffectual resi/ance4 --,ib4 ,! light & ! wor?less k]nels w float4--,ib4 ,i rejoice t !re is an o!r & a bett] _w4--,ib4 ,= he is det]m9$ to revise 8 "w1 & pres5t to ! publick ano!r & a bett] edition4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,he hop$ t ?is title w\ld secure him an ample & an indep5d5t au?ority4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agb3 see ,prie/ley's1 #adg4 ,!re is h[ev] ano!r & a m limit$ s5se4--,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bcb4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,articles ,,or ,,plurals4 ,?is di/9ction =ms1 :at are call$ ! diffuse & ! concise /yles4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agf4 ,two diff]5t modes ( speak+1 di/+ui%$ at fir/ by ! d5om9ations ( ! ,attic & ! ,asiatic mann]s4--,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hc4 ,b ! great design ( unit+ ! ,spani% & ! ,fr5* mon>*ies "u ! =m] 0 laid4-- ,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #ahj4 ,9 ! solemn & ! poetic /yles1 x d or did is (t5 reject$4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,!y _c be at ! same "t 9 ! objective & ! nom9ative cases4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aea2 ,+]soll's1 #bci2 ,r4 ,g4 ,smi?'s1 #abg4 ,!y are nam$ ! ,,positive1 ! ,,comp>ative1 & ! ,,sup]lative degrees4--,sm>t's ,accid5ce1 p4 #bg4 ,c]ta9 ,adv]bs are capable ( tak+ an ,inflection1 namely1 t ( ! comp>ative & ! sup]lative degrees4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #cba4 ,9 ! subjunctive mood1 ! pres5t & ! imp]fect t5ses (t5 c>ry ) !m a future s5se4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahg2 ,fisk's1 #aca4 ,! imp]fect1 ! p]fect1 ! plup]fect1 & ! fir/ future t5ses ( ?is mood1 are conjugat$ l ! same t5ses ( ! indicative4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,:at rules apply 9 p>s+ p]sonal pron\ns ( ! second & ?ird p]son8--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,n\ns are sometimes 9 ! nom9ative or objective case aft] ! neut] v]b to be1 or aft] an active-intransitive or passive v]b4--,ib41 p4 #ee4 ,! v]b v>ies its end+s 9 ! s+ul> 9 ord] to agree 9 =m ) ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird p]son ( its nom9ative4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,!y are id5tical 9 effect1 ) ! radical & ! vani%+ /resses4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #cci4 ,9 a sonnet ! fir/1 f\r?1 fif?1 & eigh? l9e rhyme to ea* o!r3 s d ! second1 ?ird1 six?1 & sev5? l9e2 ! n9?1 elev5?1 & ?irte5? l9e2 & ! t5?1 twelf?1 & f\rte5? l9e4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #caa4 ,! iron & ! gold5 ages are run2 y\? & manhood are dep>t$4--,wright's ,a!ns1 p4 #gd4 ,if1 z y say1 ! iron & ! gold5 ages are pa/1 ! y\? & ! manhood ( ! _w4--,ib4 ,an ,exposition ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4--,mat!w ,h5ry's ,title-page4 ,! names & ord] ( ! books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4--,fri5ds' ,bible1 p4 #b2 ,bruce's1 p4 #b2 et al4 ,9 ! second & ?ird p]son ( t t5se4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,& :o /ill unites 9 himself ! human & ! div9e natures4--,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #ei4 ,among :om arose ! ,italian1 ! ,spani%1 ! ,fr5*1 & ! ,engli% languages4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aaa4 ,:5ce arise ^! two1 ! s+ul> & ! plural ,numb]s4--,burn's ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,correspond5t ,,t]ms4 ,nei!r ! def9itions1 nor examples1 are entirely ! same ) 84--,w>d's ,pref4 to ,lily's ,gram41 p4 vi4 ,because x makes a discordance betwe5 ! ?\ght & expression4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bd4 ,betwe5 ! adjective & foll[+ sub/antive4--,ib4 ii1 #ajd4 ,?us1 ,a!ns became bo? ! repository & nurs]y ( le>n+4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #bh4 ,b ! ,fr5* pilf]$ f bo? ! ,greek & ,lat94--,ib41 p4 #ajb4 ,he %[s t ,*ri/ is bo? ! p[] & wisdom ( ,god4--,! ,fri5d1 x1 #dad4 ,t he might be ,"l bo? ( ! dead & liv+4--,rom41 xiv1 #i4 ,?is is nei!r ! obvi\s nor grammatical mean+ ( 8 words4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bji4 ,sometimes bo? ! accusative & inf9itive are und]/ood4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aee2 ,g\ld's1 #aeh4 ,9 "s cases we c use ei!r ! nom9ative or accusative promiscu\sly4--,adam1 p4 #aef2 ,g\ld1 #aei4 ,bo? ! =m] & latt] sub/antive are sometimes to be und]/ood4--,adam1 p4 #aeg2 ,g\ld1 #afj4 ,_m :]e( h escap$ bo? ! comm5tator & poet himself4--,pope4 ,! v]bs mu/ & ought h bo? a pres5t & pa/ signification4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,h[ %all we di/+ui% betwe5 ! fri5ds & enemies ( ! gov]nm5t8--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ceb4 ,bo? ! ecclesia/ical & secul> p[]s concurr$ 9 ^? measures4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bfj4 ,z ! p]iod has a beg9n+ & end )9 itself x implies an inflexion4--,adams's ,rhet41 ii1 #bde4 ,su* z ought to subsi/ betwe5 a pr9cipal & accessory4--,kames1 on ,crit41 ii1 #ci4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,correspond5ce ,,peculi>4 ,:5 bo? ! upw>d & ! d[nw>d slides occur 9 pron\nc+ a syllable1 !y are call$ a ,circumflex or ,wave4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 pp4 #ge & #ajd4 ,! ^w t is us$ bo? 9 ! nom9ative & objective cases4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,b all ! o!r moods & t5ses ( ! v]bs1 bo? 9 ! active & passive voices1 are conjugat$ at l>ge4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ha4 ,"s writ]s on ,gramm> object to ! propriety ( admitt+ ! second future1 9 bo? ! indicative & subjunctive moods4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,! same conjunction gov]n+ bo? ! indicative & ! subjunctive moods1 9 ! same s5t5ce1 & 9 ! same circum/ances1 seems to be a great impropriety4--,ib41 p4 #bjg4 ,! true di/9ction betwe5 ! subjunctive & ! indicative moods 9 ?is t5se4--,ib41 p4 #bjh4 ,i d\bt ( 8 capacity to tea* ei!r ! ,fr5* or ,engli% languages4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #g4 ,x is z necess>y to make a di/9ction betwe5 ! active transitive & ! active intransitive =ms ( ! v]b1 z betwe5 ! active & passive =ms4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #ac4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,t]ms4 ,z compreh5d+ ! t]ms utt]$ by ! arti/1 ! me*anic1 & husb&man4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #bd4 ,!y may be divid$ into f\r classes--! ,humani/s1 ,philan?ropi/s1 ,pe/alozzian & ! ,productive ,s*ools4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 iii4 ,v]bs h six t5ses1 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 ! ,plup]fect1 & ! ,fir/ & ,second ,future t5ses4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ach2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #fh2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #bg2 ,alg]'s1 #bh4 ,is is an irregul> v]b neut]1 indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 & ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #b4 ,%\ld give is an irregul> v]b active1 9 ! pot5tial mood1 ! imp]fect t5se1 & ! fir/ p]son plural4--,ibid4 ,u is a p]sonal pron\n1 fir/ p]son plural1 & 9 ! objective case4--,ibid4 ,!m is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 ! plural numb]1 & 9 ! objective case4--,ibid4 ,x is surpris+ t ! ,jewi% critics1 ) all _! skill 9 dots1 po9ts1 & acc5ts1 nev] _h ! +5uity to inv5t a po9t ( int]rogation1 ( admiration1 or a p>5!sis4--,wilson's ,hebrew ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,! fif?1 six?1 sev5?1 & ! eigh? v]se4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bfc4 ,sub/itutes h ?ree p]sons2 ! ,fir/1 ,second1 & ! ,?ird4--,ib41 p4 #cd4 ,john's is a prop] n\n1 ( ! mascul9e g5d]1 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 possessive case1 & gov]n$ by wife1 by ,rule ,i4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,n\ns 9 ! ,engli% language h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & objective4--,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #ac2 ,alex&]'s1 #aa4 ,! ,pot5tial mood has f\r t5ses1 viz4 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 & ,plup]fect4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,:]e ,sci5ce1 ,law1 & ,lib]ty dep5d1 ,& own ! patron1 patriot1 & ! fri5d4--,savage1 to ,walpole4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,species ,,& ,,g5us4 ,a pron\n is a "p ( spee* put = a n\n4--,paul's ,accid5ce1 p4 #aa4 ,a v]b is a "p ( spee* decl9$ ) mood & t5se4--,ib41 p4 #ae4 ,a p>ticiple is a "p ( spee* d]iv$ ( a v]b4--,ib41 p4 #ch4 ,an adv]b is a "p ( spee* jo9$ to v]bs to decl>e _! signification4--,ib41 p4 #dj4 ,a conjunction is a "p ( spee* t jo9e? s5t5ces toge!r4--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,a preposition is a "p ( spee* mo/ commonly set be=e o!r p>ts4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,an int]jection is a "p ( spee* :i* betok5e? a sudd5 motion or passion ( ! m9d4--,ib41 p4 #dd4 ,an enigma or riddle is also a species ( allegory4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aea2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cdc4 ,we may take f ! ,scriptures a v f9e example ( an allegory4--,ib43 ,blair1 #aea2 ,mur41 #cda4 ,& ?us h y exhibit$ a sort ( a sket* ( art4--,,h>ris3 9 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,we may 'imag9e a subtle k9d ( a reason+1' z ,mr4 ,h>ris acutely obs]ves4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,b1 be=e ent]+ on ^!1 ,i %all give "o in/ance ( a v beautiful metaphor1 t ,i may %[ ! figure to full advantage4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #adc4 ,ari/otle1 9 8 ,poetics1 uses metaphor 9 ?is ext5d$ s5se1 = any figurative mean+ impos$ ^u a ^w2 z a :ole put = ! "p1 or a "p = a :ole2 ! species = ! g5us1 or a g5us = ! species4--,ib41 p4 #adb4 ,x %[s :at k9d ( an apple x is ( :i* we are speak+4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,cleon 0 ano!r sort ( a man4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #abd4 ,to keep (f 8 "r w+1 z a k9d ( a res]v$ body4--,ib41 ii1 #ab4 ,?is "p ( spee* is call$ a v]b4--,mack's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,:at sort ( a ?+ is x8--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,:at sort ( a *>m d !y possess8--,bullions's ,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,de> ,wel/$1 m>k1 9 dirty hole1 ,t pa9ful animal1 a ,mole4--,note to ,dunciad1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #bjg4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,articles ,,n ,,requisite4 ,ei!r ?\ or ! boys 7 9 ! fault4--,comly's ,key1 9 ,gram41 p4 #agd4 ,x may1 at ! fir/ view1 appe> to be too g5]al4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bbb2 ,+]soll's1 #bge4 ,:5 ! v]b has a ref]5ce to future "t4--,ib43 ,m41 p4 #bjg2 ,+41 #bfd4 ,no2 !y are ! language ( imag9ation r ?an ( a passion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afe4 ,! dislike ( ! ,engli% ,gramm>1 :i* has s g5]ally prevail$1 c only be attribut$ to ! intricacy ( syntax4--,russell's ,gram41 p4 iv4 ,is t ornam5t 9 a good ta/e8--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cbf4 ,!re are n _m f\nta9s 9 a good ta/e4--,ib41 ii1 #cbi4 ,& ,i p]secut$ ?is way unto ! dea?4--,acts1 xxii1 #d4 ,! s5se ( ! feel+ c1 inde$1 give u ! idea ( ext5sion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aif4 ,! di/ributive adjective pron\ns1 ea*1 e1 ei!r1 agree ) ! n\ns1 pron\ns1 & v]bs1 ( ! s+ul> numb] only4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afe2 ,l[?'s1 #hi4 ,express+ by "o ^w1 :at might1 by a circumlocution1 be resolv$ into two or m words belong+ to ! o!r p>ts ( spee*4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hd4 ,by ! c]ta9 muscles :i* op]ate all at ! same "t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,x is suffici5t "h to h obs]v$ ?us mu* 9 ! g5]al conc]n+ !m4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aab4 ,no?+ disgu/s u soon] ?an ! empty pomp ( language4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cai4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,titles ,,& ,,names4 ,he is entitl$ to ! appellation ( a g5tleman4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #abf4 ,cromwell assum$ ! title ( a ,protector4--,ib4 ,h] fa!r is hon\r$ ) ! title ( an ,e>l4--,ib4 ,! *ief magi/rate is /yl$ a ,presid5t4--,ib4 ,! highe/ title 9 ! /ate is t ( ! ,gov]nor4--,ib4 ,t boy is kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,idl]4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bje4 ,! "o /yl$ ! ,mufti1 is ! head ( ! m9i/]s ( law & religion4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cfj4 ,bang+ all t possess$ !m "u "o class1 he call$ t :ole class a tree4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #gc4 ,= ! oak1 ! p9e1 & ! a%1 7 names ( :ole classes ( objects4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,x is ( little importance :e!r we give to "s p>ticul> mode ( expression ! "n ( a trope1 or ( a figure4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,! collision ( a v[el ) itself is ! mo/ ungraci\s ( all comb9ations1 & has be5 doom$ to peculi> reprobation "u ! "n ( an hiatus4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bag4 ,we hesitate to det]m9e1 :e!r ! ,tyrant alone1 is ! nom9ative1 or :e!r ! nom9ative includes ! spy4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bdf4 ,h5ce orig9at$ ! cu/om>y abbreviation ( twelve mon?s into a twelve-mon?2 sev5 nights into se'night2 f\rte5 nights into a =tnight4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #aje4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,comp>isons ,,& ,,alt]natives4 ,he is a bett] writ] ?an a read]4--,w4 ,all5's ,false ,syntax1 ,gram41 p4 #ccb4 ,he 0 an abl] ma!matician ?an a l+ui/4--,ib4 ,i %\ld r h an orange ?an apple4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #abf4 ,he 0 no less able a negotiator1 ?an a c\rage\s w>rior4--,smollett's ,voltaire1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aha4 ,9 an epic poem we p>don _m neglig5ces t w\ld n be p]mitt$ 9 a sonnet or epigram4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ahf4 ,t figure is a sph]e1 or a globe1 or a ball4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #beh4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,antec$5ts ,,to ,,:o ,,or ,,:i*4 ,c>riages :i* 7 =m]ly 9 use1 7 v clumsy4--,in/41 p4 #abf4 ,! place is n m5tion$ by geograph]s :o wrote at t "t4--,ib4 ,que/ions :i* a p]son asks himself 9 contemplation1 ought to be t]m9at$ by po9ts ( int]rogation4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgi2 ,comly's1 #afb2 ,+]soll's1 #bia4 ,! "w is design$ = ! use ( p]sons1 :o may ?9k x m]its a place 9 _! ,libr>ies4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo41 p4 iii4 ,t p]sons :o ?9k confus$ly1 %\ld express !mselves obscurely1 is n to be wond]$ at4--,ib41 p4 #bih4 ,gramm>ians :o limit ! numb] to two1 or at mo/ to ?ree1 d n reflect4--,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,sub/antives :i* end 9 ian1 are ^? t signify pr(ession4--,ib41 p4 #acb4 ,to ^! may be add$ v]bs1 :i* *iefly among ! poets gov]n ! dative4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #agj2 ,g\ld's1 #aga4 ,consonants are lett]s1 :i* _c be s\nd$ )\t ! aid ( a v[el4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,to employ ! curiosity ( p]sons :o are skill$ 9 gramm>4--,murray's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iii4 ,?is rule ref]s only to n\ns & pron\ns1 :i* h ! same be>+ or relation4--,ib41 i1 p4 #bjd4 ,s t ?+s :i* are se51 7 n made ( ?+s :i* d appe>4--,heb41 xi1 #c4 ,man is an imitative creature2 he may utt] s\nds1 :i* he has he>d4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,b m51 ^: bus9ess is :olly dome/ic1 h little or no use = any language b _! own4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #e4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,p>ticipial ,,n\ns4 ,great b5efit may be reap$ f read+ ( hi/ories4--,sewel's ,hi/41 p4 iii4 ,& "s attempts 7 made t[>ds writ+ ( hi/ory4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #aaj4 ,x is ,invad+ ( ! ,prie/'s ,(fice = any o!r to ,(f] x4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #bjj4 ,& ?us f> ( =m+ ( v]bs4--,walk]'s ,art ( ,tea*+1 p4 #ce4 ,& )\t %$d+ ( blood is no remission4--,heb41 ix1 #bb4 ,= mak+ ( measures we h ! be/ me?od "h 9 ,engl&4--,pr9t]'s ,gram4 ,?is is really bo? admitt+ & d5y+1 at once4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #gb4 ,& h5ce ! orig9 ( mak+ ( p>liam5ts4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ga4 ,next ?\ objecte/1 t hav+ ( sav+ light & grace presupposes conv]sion4 ,b t ,i d5y3 =1 on ! contr>y1 conv]sion presuppose? hav+ light & grace4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #adc4 ,!y cri$ d[n we>+ ( r+s & o!r sup]fluities z we d4--,ib41 i1 #bcf4 ,^: adorn+1 let x n be t outw>d adorn+ ( plait+ ! hair1 & ( we>+ ( gold1 or ( putt+ on ( app>el4--#a ,pet]1 iii1 #c4 ,9 spell+ ( d]ivative ,words1 ! ,primitive mu/ be kept :ole4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ej2 ,bu*anan's ,syntax1 #i4 ,& ! pr9ces (f]$ = d$icat+ ( ! alt>4--,numb]s1 vii1 #aj4 ,boa/+ is n only tell+ ( lies1 b also _m unseemly tru?s4--,%effield's ,works1 ii1 #bdd4 ,we freely confess t =be>+ ( pray] 9 ! wick$ is s9ful4--,b>clay1 i1 #caf4 ,= reveal+ ( a secret1 !re is no rem$y4--,in/4 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,he turn$ all 8 ?\ghts to compos+ ( laws = ! good ( ! /ate4--,roll9's ,anci5t ,hi/41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ch4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvi4--,,p>ticiples1 ,,n ,,n\ns4 ,x is salvation to be kept f fall+ into a pit1 z truly z to be tak5 out ( x aft] ! fall+ 94--,b>clay1 i1 #baj4 ,= 9 ! receiv+ & embrac+ ! te/imony ( tru?1 !y felt eas$4--,ib41 i1 #dfi4 ,true regul>ity does n consi/ 9 ! hav+ b a s+le rule1 & =c+ e ?+ to con=m to x4--,philol4 ,museum1 i1 #ffd4 ,to ! man ( ! _w1 ?is s\nd ( glad tid+s appe>s only an idle tale1 & n wor? ! att5d+ to4--,life ( ,?o4 ,say1 p4 #add4 ,to be ! deliv]] ( ! captive ,jews1 by ! ord]+ _! temple to be re-built1 c4--,roll91 ii1 #abd4 ,& = ! pres]v+ !m f be+ defil$4--,n4 ,e4 ,discipl9e1 p4 #acc4 ,a wise man w avoid ! %[+ any excell5ce 9 trifles4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #hj4 ,hirsutus _h no o!r reason = ! valu+ a book4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #agg2 ,wright's ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,to ! be+ he>d ) satisfaction1 x is necess>y t ! speak] %\ld deliv] himself ) ease4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #aad4 ,& to ! be+ well he>d1 & cle>ly und]/ood1 a good & di/9ct articulation contributes m1 ?an p[] ( voice4--,ib41 p4 #aag4 ,pot5tial means ! hav+ p[] or w2 ,z1 ,if y w\ld improve1 y %\ld be /ill4 --,tobitt's ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvii4--,,v>i\s ,,errors4 ,= ! same reason1 a neut] v]b _c become a passive4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,! p]iod is ! :ole s5t5ce complete 9 itself4--,ib41 p4 #aae4 ,! colon or memb] is a *ief con/ructive "p1 or great] division ( a s5t5ce4--,ib4 ,! semicolon or half memb]1 is a less con/ructive "p or subdivision1 ( a s5t5ce or memb]4--,ib4 ,a s5t5ce or memb] is aga9 subdivid$ into commas or segm5ts4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,! fir/ error t ,i w\ld m5tion1 is1 a too g5]al att5tion to ! dead languages1 ) a neglect ( our own4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #c4 ,"o ?ird ( ! importations w\ld supply ! dem&s ( p4--,ib41 p4 #aai4 ,& especially 9 grave /ile4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #gb4 ,by too eag] pursuit1 he ran a great risk ( be+ disappo9t$4--,murray's ,key1 ,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bja4 ,lett]s are divid$ into v[els & consonants4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #g2 & o!rs4 ,consonants are divid$ into mutes & semi-v[els4--,ib41 i1 #h2 & o!rs4 ,! fir/ ( ^! =ms is mo/ agreeable to ! ,engli% idiom4--,ib41 i1 #agf4 ,if !y ga91 x is a too de> rate4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ejd4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n1 to prev5t a too frequ5t repetition ( x4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,?is vulg> error might p]haps arise f a too p>tial fondness = ! ,lat94--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iv4 ,! groans :i* a too heavy load extorts f h]4--,hit*cock1 on ,dyspepsy1 p4 #ej4 ,! numb]s ( a v]b are1 ( c\rse1 s+ul> & plural4--,bucke's ,gram4 p4 #eh4 ,to brook no meanness1 & to /oop to no dissimulation1 are ! indications ( a great m9d4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bcf4 ,?is mode ( expression r suits famili> ?an grave /yle4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aih4 ,?is use ( ! ^w r suits famili> & l[ /yle4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,accord+ to ! nature ( ! composition ! "o or o!r may be pr$om9ant4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajb4 ,yet ! commonness ( su* s5t5ces prev5ts 9 a great measure a too e>ly expectation ( ! end4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #daa4 ,an eulogy or a philippie may be pron\nc$ by an individual ( "o nation ^u ! subject ( ano!r4--,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #bih4 ,a ,fr5* s]mon1 is = mo/ "p1 a w>m animat$ exhortation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bhh4 ,i d n envy ^? :o ?9k slav]y no v pitiable a lot4--,*ann+1 on ,emancipation1 p4 #eb4 ,! auxili>y & pr9cipal unit$1 con/itute a t5se4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #ge4 ,!re are "s v]bs :i* are defective ) respect to p]sons4--,ib41 i1 #aji4 ,9 y\?1 ! habits ( indu/ry are mo/ easily acquir$4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bce4 ,apo/rophe 7'7 is us$ 9 place ( a lett] left out4--,bullions's ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #aef4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,cases1 ,,or ,,n\ns4 ,! rules = ! con/ruction ( ,n\ns1 or ,cases1 are sev52 h5ce ?is *apt]1 accord+ to ! ord] adopt$ above1 reviews ! s]ies ( rules f ! second rule to ! eigh?1 inclusively4 ,?\gh ,n\ns are "h ! topic1 all ^! sev5 rules apply alike to ,n\ns & to ,pron\ns2 t is1 to all ! words ( our language :i* are susceptible ( ,cases4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,nom9atives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case3 z1 ,! ,ph>isees also1 :o 7 covet\s1 he>d all ^! ?+s2 & !y d]id$ him4--,luke1 xvi1 #ad4 ,b :]e ! meekness ( self-k veile? ! front ( self-respect1 !re look ?\ = ! man :om none c "k b !y w hon\r4--,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #ff4 ,do/ ?\ m\rn ,phil&]'s fate8 ,i "k ?\ say/ x3 says ?y life ! same8 --,"y1 ,n4 ii1 l4 #bb4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,ii4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is rule1 !re are no exceptions2 & ne>ly all nom9atives1 or f> ! great] "p1 are to be p>s$ by x4 ,!re are h[ev] f\r diff]5t ways ( dispos+ ( ! nom9ative case4 ,fir/1 x is g5]ally ! subject ( a v]b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d4 ,secondly1 x may be put 9 apposition ) an o!r nom9ative1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d4 ,?irdly1 x may be put aft] a v]b or a p>ticiple n transitive1 accord+ to ,rule #f?4 ,f\r?ly1 x may be put absolute1 or may help to =m a phrase t is indep5d5t ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 accord+ to ,rule #h?4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! subject1 or nom9ative1 is g5]ally plac$ be=e ! v]b2 z1 ,peace dawn$ ^u 8 m9d4--,johnson4 ,:at is writt5 9 ! law8--,bible4 ,b1 9 ! foll[+ n9e cases1 ! subject ( ! v]b is usually plac$ aft] x1 or aft] ! fir/ auxili>y3 #a4 ,:5 a "q is ask$ )\t an int]rogative pron\n 9 ! nom9ative case2 z1 ,%all mortals be implacable8--,hooke4 ,:at art ?\ do+8--,id4 ,h[ _m loaves h ye8--,bible4 ,are !y ,israelites8 s am ,i4--,ib4 #b4 ,:5 ! v]b is 9 ! imp]ative mood2 z1 ,g ?\--,come ye ,b1 ) ?is mood1 ! pron\n is v (t5 omitt$ & und]/ood2 z1 ,philip sai? unto him1 ,come & see--,john1 i1 #df4 ,& he sai? unto !m1 ,be n affright$4--,m>k1 xvi1 #e4 #c4 ,:5 an e>ne/ wi%1 or o!r /rong feel+1 is express$2 z1 ,may %e be happy6--,h[ 7 we /ruck6--,"y4 ,n z ! _w give?1 give ,i unto y4--,bible4 #d4 ,:5 a supposition is made )\t ! conjunction if2 z1 ,_h !y kn[n x2 =1 ,if !y _h kn[n x4--,7 x true2 =1 ,if x 7 true4--,c\ld we draw by ! cov]+ ( ! grave2 =1 ,if we c\ld draw1 c4 #e4 ,:5 nei!r or nor1 signify+ & n1 prec$es ! v]b2 z1 ,?is 0 8 fe>2 nor 0 8 appreh5sion gr\ndless4--,ye %all n eat ( x1 nei!r %all ye t\* x4--,g541 iii1 #c4 #f4 ,:51 = ! sake ( emphasis1 "s ^w or words are plac$ be=e ! v]b1 :i* m naturally come aft] x2 z1 ,"h am ,i4--,n>r[ is ! way4--,silv] & gold h ,i none2 b su* z ,i h1 give ,i !e4--,bible4 #g4 ,:5 ! v]b has no regim51 & is itself emphatical2 z1 ,e*o ! m\nta9s r\nd4--,?omson4 ,aft] ! ,light ,infantry m>*$ ! ,gr5adi]s1 !n foll[$ ! ,horse4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #ga4 #h4 ,:5 ! v]bs1 say1 answ]1 reply1 & ! l1 introduce ! p>ts ( a dialogue2 z1 ',son ( affliction1' said ,om>1 ':o art ?\8' ',my "n1' repli$ ! /rang]1 'is ,hassan4'--,dr4 ,johnson4 #i4 ,:5 ! adv]b !re prec$es ! v]b2 z1 ,!re liv$ a man4--,montgom]y4 ,9 all worldly joys1 !re is a secret w\nd4--,ow54 ,?is use ( !re1 ! g5]al introductory adv]b ( place1 is idiomatic1 & some:at diff]5t f ! use ( ! same ^w 9 ref]5ce to a p>ticul> locality2 z1 ,because !re 0 n mu* wat] !re4--,john1 iii1 #bc4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 exclamations1 & "s o!r =ms ( expression1 a few v]bs are liable to be suppress$1 ! ellipsis be+ obvi\s2 z1 ,h[ diff]5t is ?is f ! philosophy ( ,greece & ,rome6--,,dr4 ,,beattie3 ,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #abg4 ,:at a lively picture is "h ( ! mo/ dis9t]e/$ & active b5evol5ce6--,,h]vey3 ib41 p4 #id4 ,:5 ,adam spake ?us to ,eve4--,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #faj4 ,,obs4 #d4--,?\gh we (t5 use n\ns 9 ! nom9ative case to %[ :om we address1 yet ! imp]ative v]b takes no o!r nom9ative ( ! second p]son1 ?an ! simple p]sonal pron\n1 ?\1 ye1 or y1 express$ or und]/ood4 ,x w\ld seem t "s1 :o ought to "k bett]1 are liable to mi/ake = ! subject ( su* a v]b1 ! n\n :i* we put absolute 9 ! nom9ative by direct address4 ,( ?is gross error1 ! foll[+ is an example3 ,/udy boys4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce1 7says its au?or17 /udy is a v]b ( ! second p]son1 plural numb]1 & agrees ) its nom9ative case1 boys--accord+ to ! rule3 ,a v]b mu/ agree ) its nom9ative case 9 numb] & p]son4 ,boys is a n\n ( ! second p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 9 ! nom9ative case to ! v]b /udy4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ag4cci ,n[ ! fact is1 t ?is laconic address1 ( ?ree syllables1 is writt5 wrong2 be+ made bad ,engli% = want ( a comma betwe5 ! two words4 ,)\t ?is m>k1 boys mu/ be an objective1 gov]n$ by /udy2 & ) x1 a nom9ative1 put absolute by direct address4 ,b1 9 ei!r case1 /udy agrees ) ye or y und]/ood1 & has n ! n\n = its subject1 or nom9ative4 ,,obs4 #e4--,"s au?ors say1 & if ! fir/ p]son be no exception1 say truly3 ,! nom9ative case to a v]b1 unless x be a pron\n1 is always ( ! ?ird p]son4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,b ,w4 ,b4 ,f[le w h all pron\ns to be adjectives4 ,consequ5tly all 8 v]bs1 ( e sort1 agree ) n\ns express$ or und]/ood4 ,?is1 & e o!r absurd !ory ( language1 c easily be made out1 by means ( a few p]v]sions1 :i* may be call$ corrections1 & a suffici5t numb] ( int]polations1 made "u pret5ce ( fill+ up ellipses4 ,?us1 accord+ to ?is au?or1 ,!y fe>1 means1 ,!y ?+s spok5 ( fe>4--,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p1 #cc4 ,&1 ,john1 op5 ! door1 or1 ,boys1 /op y\r noise1 admits no comma4 ,&1 ,be grateful1 ye *ildr51 &1 ,be ye grateful *ildr51 are1 9 8 view1 e way equival5t3 ! comma 9 ! =m] be+1 9 8 op9ion1 ne$less4 ,see ib41 p4 #ci4 ,,obs4 #f4--,?\gh ! nom9ative & objective cases ( n\ns d n diff] 9 =m1 x is nev]!less1 9 ! op9ion ( _m ( our gramm>ians1 improp] to place any n\n 9 bo? relations at once1 because ?is produces a confusion 9 ! syntax ( ! ^w4 ,examples3 ,he !n goes on to decl>e t !re are1 & di/+ui% (1 f\r mann]s ( say+ ,p] se4--,walk]'s ,treatise ( ,p>ticles1 p4 xii4 ,bett]3 ,he !n proce$s to %[1 t p] se is susceptible ( f\r diff]5t s5ses4 ,9 j allegory & similitude !re is always a propriety1 or1 if y *oose to call x1 congruity1 9 ! lit]al s5se1 z well z a di/9ct mean+ or s5tim5t sugge/$1 :i* is call$ ! figurative s5se4--,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #bia4 ,bett]3 ,9 j allegory or similitude1 !re is always a propriety--or1 if y *oose to call x s1 a congruity--9 ! lit]al s5se1 c4 ,x mu/ !n be meant ( 8 s9s :o makes1 n ( 8 :o becomes1 ! conv]t4--,att]bury's ,s]mons1 i1 #b4 ,bett]3 ,x mu/ !n be meant ( 8 s9s :o makes ! conv]t1 n ( 8 :o becomes conv]t$4 ,eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nei!r h ent]$ into ! he>t ( man1 ! ?+s :i* ,god ha? prep>$ = !m t love him4--#a ,cor41 ii1 #i4 ,a m regul> con/ruction w\ld be3 ,eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nei!r ha? x ent]$ into ! he>t ( man to conceive1 ! ?+s :i* ,god ha? prep>$ = !m t love him4 ,! foll[+ example1 f ,pope1 may p]haps be conc$$ to ! poet1 z an all[able ellipsis ( ! words a fri5d1 aft] is3 ,9 :o obta9 def5ce1 or :o def5d2 ,9 him :o is1 or him :o f9ds1 a fri5d4 --,essay on ,man1 ,ep4 iv1 l4 #fj4 ,dr4 ,l[? cites ! la/ ?ree examples1 )\t sugge/+ any =ms ( correction2 & says ( !m1 ,!re seems to be an impropriety 9 ^! s5t5ces1 9 :i* ! same n\n /&s 9 a d\ble capacity1 p]=m+ at ! same "t ! (fices bo? ( ! nom9ative & objective case4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,he %\ld h said--( bo? ! nom9ative & ! objective case4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 cit+ ! l9e1 ,9 him :o is1 & him :o f9ds1 a fri5d1 adds1 ,l[? condemns ?is use ( ! n\n 9 ! nom9ative & objective at ! same "t2 b )\t reason1 z ! cases are n di/+ui%$ 9 ,engli%4--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 ! accusative be=e ! inf9itive1 is (t5 reckon$ ! subject ( ! latt] v]b2 & is accord+ly p>s$ by a sort ( exception to ! =ego+ rule--or r1 to t g5]al rule ( concord :i* ! gramm>ians apply to ! v]b & its nom9ative4 ,?is con/ruction is translat$ into ,engli%1 & o!r mod]n tongues1 sometimes lit]ally1 or ne>ly s1 b mu* (t5]1 by a nom9ative & a f9ite v]b4 ,example3 ,greek3 ,eip5 auton phon?nai4--,m>k1 x1 #di4 ,ait illum voc>i4--,leusd54 ,jussit eum voc>i4--,beza4 ,prcepit illum voc>i4--,vulgate4 ,he comm&$ him to be call$4--,engli% ,bible4 ,he comm&$ t he %\ld be call$4--,milnes's ,gr4 ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,il dit qu'on l'appelt4--,fr5* ,bible4 ,he bid t somebody %\ld call him4 ,il comm&a qu'on le ft v5ir4--,n\veau ,te/41 ,p>is1 #ahab4 ,he comm&$ t !y %\ld make him come2 t is1 lead him1 or br+ him4 ,il comm&a qu'on l'appelt4--,de ,sacy's ,n4 ,te/4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,9 ,engli%1 ! objective case be=e ! inf9itive mood1 al?\gh x may truly d5ote ! ag5t ( ! inf9itive action1 or ! subject ( ! inf9itive passion1 is nev]!less tak5 z ! object ( ! prec$+ v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition4 ,accord+ly our language does n admit a lit]al translation ( ! above-m5tion$ con/ruction1 except ! prec$+ v]b be su* z c be int]pret$ transitively4 ,gaudeo te valere1 ,i am glad t ?\ art well1 _c be translat$ m lit]ally2 because1 ,i am glad !e to be well1 w\ld n be good ,engli%4 ,aiunt regem adv5tare1 ,!y say ! k+ is com+1 may be o!rwise r5d]$ ,!y decl>e ! k+ to be com+2 b nei!r v]sion is entirely lit]al2 ! objective be+ reta9$ only by a *ange ( aiunt1 say1 into su* a v]b z w gov]n ! n\n4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! foll[+ s5t5ce is a lit]al imitation ( ! ,lat9 accusative be=e ! inf9itive1 & = t reason x is n good ,engli%3 ,b exp]i5ce tea*e? u1 bo? ^! op9ions to be alike ridicul\s4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bfb4 ,x %\ld be1 ,b exp]i5ce tea*es u1 t bo? ^! op9ions are alike ridicul\s4 ,! v]bs believe1 ?9k1 imag9e1 & o!rs express+ m5tal action1 ,i suppose to be capable ( gov]n+ n\ns or pron\ns 9 ! objective case1 & consequ5tly ( be+ int]pret$ transitively4 ,h5ce ,i d5y ! correctness ( ! foll[+ explanation3 ,,rule ,,xxiv4 ,! objective case prec$es ! inf9itive mode2 z1 ',i believe y\r bro!r to be a good man4' ,"h believe does n gov]n bro!r1 9 ! objective case1 because x is n ! object aft] x4 ,bro!r1 9 ! objective case1 ?ird p]son s+ul>1 prec$es ! neut] v]b to be1 9 ! inf9itive mode1 pres5t "t1 ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,?is au?or tea*es t1 ,! inf9itive mode agrees ) ! objective case 9 numb] & p]son4--,ibid4 ,:i* doctr9e is d5i$2 because ! inf9itive has no numb] or p]son1 9 any language4 ,nor d ,i see :y ! n\n bro!r1 9 ! =ego+ example1 may n be bo? ! object ( ! active v]b believe1 & ! subject ( ! neut] inf9itive to be1 at ! same "t2 = ! subject ( ! inf9itive1 if ! inf9itive c be said to h a subject1 is n necess>ily 9 ! nom9ative case1 or necess>ily indep5d5t ( :at prec$es4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,!re are _m tea*]s ( ,engli% gramm>1 :o /ill adh]e to ! pr9ciple ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>ians1 :i* ref]s ! accusative or objective to ! latt] v]b1 & supposes ! =m] to be intransitive1 or to gov]n only ! inf9itive4 ,?us ,nixon3 ,! objective case is frequ5tly put be=e ! inf9itive mood1 z its subject2 z1 ',suff] me to dep>t4' #cdj--;,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #cd4 ,:5 an objective case /&s be=e an inf9itive mood1 z ',i und]/ood x to be him1' ',suff] me to dep>t1' su* objective %\ld be p>s$1 n z gov]n$ by ! prec$+ v]b1 b z ! objective case be=e ! inf9itive2 t is1 ! subject ( x4 ,! reason ( ?is is--! =m] v]b c gov]n "o object only1 & t is 79 su* s5t5ces7 ! inf9itive mood2 ! int]v5+ objective be+ ! subject ( ! inf9itive foll[+1 & n gov]n$ by ! =m] v]b2 z1 9 t in/ance1 x w\ld be gov]n+ two objects4--,ib41 ,note4#cda ,,obs4 #aa4--,! notion t "o v]b gov]ns an o!r 9 ! inf9itive1 j z a transitive v]b gov]ns a n\n1 & s t x _c also gov]n an objective case1 is n only contradictory to my s*eme ( p>s+ ! inf9itive mood1 b is also false 9 itself1 & repugnant to ! pr9ciples ( ,g5]al ,gramm>4 ,9 ,greek & ,lat91 x is c]ta9ly no uncommon ?+ = a v]b to gov]n two cases at once2 & ev5 ! accusative be=e ! inf9itive is sometimes gov]n$ by ! prec$+ v]b1 z ! objective be=e ! inf9itive naturally is 9 ,engli%4 ,b1 9 reg>d to con/ruction1 e language diff]s m or less f e o!r2 h5ce ea* mu/ h its own syntax1 & abide by its own rules4 ,9 reg>d to ! po9t "h 9 "q1 ! read] may comp>e ! foll[+ examples3 ,greek3 ,e*o anagkn exel!94--,luke1 xiv1 #ah4 ,habeo necesse exire4--,leusd54 ,engli%3 ,i h occasion to g away4 ,aga93 ,greek3 ,o e*on hota ak\e91 ak\eto4--,luke1 xiv1 #ce4 ,hab5s aures audi5di1 audiat4--,leusd54 ,qui habet aures ad audi5dum1 audiat4--,beza4 ,engli%3 ,he t ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>4 ,b our mo/ frequ5t use ( ! inf9itive aft] ! objective1 is 9 s5t5ces t mu/ n be simil>ly con/ruct$ 9 ,lat9 or ,greek2#cdb z1 ,& he comm&$ ! port] to wat*4--,m>k1 xiii1 #cd4 ,& he deliv]$ ,jesus to be crucifi$4--,m>k1 xv1 #ae4 ,& !y l$ him out to crucify him4--,m>k1 xv1 #bj4 ,we he>d him say4--,m>k1 xiv1 #eh4 ,t ,i might make !e "k4--,prov41 xxii1 #ba4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,if our language does really admit any ?+ l ! accusative be=e ! inf9itive1 9 ! s5se ( a positive subject at ! head ( a clause1 x is only 9 "s prospective descriptions l ! foll[+3 ,let c]ta9 /udies be prescrib$ to be pursu$ dur+ ! fre%man ye>2 "s ( ^! to be att5d$ to by ! :ole class2 ) reg>d to o!rs1 a *oice to be all[$2 :i*1 :5 made by ! /ud5t1 7! p>5t or gu>dian sanction+ x17 to be b9d+ dur+ ! fre%man ye>3 ! same plan to be adopt$ ) reg>d to ! /udies ( ! succe$+ ye>s4--,,gallaudet3 ,j\rnal ( ! ,n4 ,y4 ,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #aah4 ,"h ! f\r words1 "s1 *oice1 :i*1 & plan1 may appe> to a ,lat9i/ to be s _m objectives1 or accusatives1 plac$ be=e inf9itives1 & us$ to describe t /ate ( ?+s :i* ! au?or w\ld promote4 ,if objectives !y are1 we may /ill suppose !m to be gov]n$ by let1 w\ld h1 or some?+ ( ! k9d1 und]/ood3 z1 ,let "s ( ^! be att5d$ to2 or1 ,"s ( ^! ,i w\ld h to be att5d$ to1 c4 ,! relative :i* might ) m propriety be made nom9ative1 by *ang+ to be b9d+ to %all be b9d+2 & z to ! re/1 x is v d\btful :e!r !y are n n[ nom9atives1 r ?an objectives4 ,! inf9itive1 z us$ above1 is a m]e sub/itute = ! ,lat9 future p>ticiple2 & any ,engli% n\n or pron\n put absolute ) a p>ticiple1 is 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,engli% relatives are r>ely1 if ev]1 put absolute 9 ?is mann]3 & ?is may be ! reason :y ! con/ruction ( :i*1 9 ! s5t5ce above1 seems awkw>d4 ,besides1 x is c]ta9 t ! o!r pron\ns are sometimes put absolute ) ! inf9itive2 & t1 9 ! nom9ative case1 n ! objective3 z1 ,& ,i to be a corporal 9 8 field1 ,& we> 8 col\rs l a tumbl]'s hoop6 ,:at8 ,i6 ,i love6 ,i sue6 ,i seek a wife6--,%ak41 ,love's ,lab\r ,lo/4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4 ,,! ,,subject ,,( ,a ,,f9ite ,,v]b4 ,! :ole ne$ n a physician1 b !m t are sick4--,bunyan's ,law & ,gr41 p4 iv4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! objective pron\n !m is "h made ! subject ( ! v]b ne$1 und]/ood4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 ,a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,!re=e1 !m %\ld be !y2 ?us1 ,! :ole ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are sick4 ,he w 9 no wise ca/ out :omsoev] come? unto him4--,rob]t ,hall ,he fe>$ ! enemy might fall ^u 8 m51 :om he saw 7 (f _! gu>d4--,hut*9son's ,massa*usetts1 ii1 #acc4 ,:omsoev] %all compel !e to g a mile1 g ) him twa94--,dymond's ,essays1 p4 #dh4 ,! idea's ( ! au?or h be5 conv]sant ) ! faults ( o!r writ]s4--,swift's ,t4 ,t41 p4 #ee4 ,y are a mu* great] los] ?an me by 8 dea?4--,swift to ,pope1 l4 #fc4 ,su* peccadillo's pass ) him = pi\s frauds4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #bgi4 ,9 :om ,i am ne>ly conc]n$1 & :om ,i "k w\ld be v apt to ju/ify my :ole proc$ure4--,ib41 i1 #efj4 ,d n ?9k su* a man z me contemptible = my g>b4--,addison4 ,8 weal? & him bid adieu to ea* o!r4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,s t1 ',he is great] ?an me1' w be m grammatical ?an1 ',he is great] ?an ,i4'--,ib41 p4 #ajf4 ,! ,jesuits _h m int]e/s at c\rt ?an him4--,,smollett3 9 ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #ajf4cdc ,tell ! ,c>d9al t ,i und]/& poetry bett] ?an him4--,id41 ib4 ,an inhabitant ( ,crim ,t>t>y 0 f> m happy ?an him4--,id41 ib4 ,my fa!r & him h be5 v intimate s9ce4--,fair ,am]ican1 ii1 #ec4 ,:o 0 ! ag5t1 & :om ! object /ruck or kiss$8--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,to f9d ! p]son :om he imag9$ 0 conceal$ !re4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bbe4 ,he (f]$ a great recomp5se to :omsoev] w\ld help him4--,,hume3 9 ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,!y w\ld be "u ! dom9ion1 absolute & unlimit$1 ( :omsoev] might ex]cise ! "r ( judgem5t4--,gov4 ,haynes's ,spee*1 9 #ahcb4 ,!y _h promis$ to accept :omsoev] %\ld be born 9 ,wales4--,/ories by ,crok]4 ,we sorr[ n z !m t h no hope4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #bg4 ,if he suff]s1 he suff]s z !m t h no hope4--,ib41 p4 #cb4 ,we ackn[l$ge t he1 & him only1 ha? be5 our peacemak]4--,gratton4 ,& :at c be bett] ?an him t made x8--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #cbi4 ,none ( 8 s*ool-fell[s is m belov$ ?an him4--,coop]'s ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,solomon1 :o 0 wis] ?an !m all4--,watson's ,apology1 p4 #gf4 ,^? :om ! ,jews ?\ght 7 ! la/ to be sav$1 fir/ ent]$ ! k+dom ( ,god4--,elev5? ,h\r1 ,tract1 ,no4 #d4 ,a /one is heavy1 & ! s& weighty2 b a fool's wra? is heavi] ?an !m bo?4--,prov41 xxvii1 #c4 ,a man ( bus9ess1 9 good company1 is h>dly m insupportable ?an h] !y call a notable woman4--,/eele1 ,sp$4 ,! k+ ( ! ,s>matians1 :om we may imag9e 0 no small pr9ce1 re/or$ him a hundr$ ?\s& ,roman prison]s4--,life ( ,anton9us1 p4 #hc4 ,su* notions w\ld be av[$ at ?is "t by none b rosicrucians1 & fanatics z mad z !m4--,bol+broke's ,ph4 ,tr41 p4 #bd4 ,unless1 z ,i said1 ,messieurs1 y are ! ma/]s1 & n me4--,,basil ,,hall3 ,h>rison's ,e4 ,lang41 p4 #agc4 ,we _h drawn up aga9/ peaceable travell]s1 :o mu/ h be5 z glad z u to escape4--,,burnes',s ,,travels3 ibid4 ,/imulat$1 9 turn1 by _! approbation1 & t ( bett] judges ?an !m1 %e turn$ to _! lit]ature ) r$\bl$ en]gy4--,,qu>t]ly ,,review3 ,life ( ,h4 ,m3 ibid4 ,i "k n :om else are expect$4--,,scott',s ,,pirate3 ibid4 ,he is great1 b tru? is great] ?an u all4--,horace ,mann1 9 ,congress1 #ahej4 ,him ,i accuse has ent]$4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #dhb3 see ,%akspe>e's ,coriolanus1 ,act ,v1 sc4 #e4 ,scotl& & !e did ea* 9 o!r live4 --,dryd5's ,po41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bbj4 ,we are alone2 "h's none b !e & ,i4 --,%ak41 #b ,h54 ,,vi4 ,me r _h1 my he>t might feel y\r love1 ,?an my unpleas'd eye see y\r c\rtesy4 --,idem3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,tell me1 9 sadness1 :om is %e y love8 --,id41 ,romeo & ,juliet1 ,a4 ,i1 sc4 #a4 ,bett] leave undone1 ?an by our de$s acquire ,too high a fame1 :5 him we s]ve's away4 --,%ak41 ,ant4 & ,cleop4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,apposition4 ,a ,n\n or a p]sonal ,pron\n us$ to expla9 a prec$+ n\n or pron\n1 is put1 by apposition1 9 ! same case3 z1 ,b x is really ,i1 y\r old fri5d & neighb\r41 ,piso1 late a dwell] ^u ! ,coelian hill1 :o am n[ bask+ 9 ! w>m skies ( ,palmyra4--,z5obia4 ,b he1 our graci\s ,ma/]1 k9d z j1 ,kn[+ our frame1 rememb]s we are du/4--,b>bauld4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,iii4 ,,obs4 #a--;,apposition is t peculi> relation :i* "o n\n or pron\n be>s to an o!r1 :5 two or m are plac$ toge!r 9 ! same case1 & us$ to designate ! same p]son or ?+3 z1 ,cic]o ! orator2--,! prophet ,joel2--,he ( ,ga?1 ,goliah2--,:i* ye y\rselves d "k2--,to make him k+2--,to give 8 life a ransom = _m2--,i made ! gr\nd my b$2--,i1 ?y s*oolma/]2--,we ! ,p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is plac+-toge!r ( n\ns & pron\ns 9 ! same case1 0 reckon$ by ! old gramm>ians a figure ( syntax2 & f !m x receiv$1 9 _! elaborate detail ( ! grammatical & rhetorical figures1 its pres5t "n ( apposition4 ,!y reckon$ x a species ( ellipsis1 & suppli$ betwe5 ! words1 ! p>ticiple be+1 ! inf9itive to be1 or "s o!r "p ( _! sub/antive v]b3 z1 ,cic]o be+ ! orator2--,to make him to be k+2--,i :o am ?y s*oolma/]4 ,b ! lat] ,lat9 gramm>ians h usually plac$ x among _! regul> concords2 "s call+ x ! fir/ concord1 :ile o!rs make x ! la/1 9 ! s]ies2 & "s1 ) no great reg>d to consi/5cy1 treat+ x bo? z a figure & z a regul> concord1 at ! same "t4 ,,obs4 #b4--,"s ,engli% gramm>ians tea*1 t ! words 9 ! cases prec$+ & foll[+ ! v]b to be1 may be said to be 9 apposition to ea* o!r4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aha2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #aee2 ,fisk's1 #abf2 ,+]soll's1 #adf2 ,m]*ant's1 #ia4 ,b ?is is entirely repugnant to ! doctr9e1 t apposition is a figure2 nor is x at all consi/5t ) ! orig9al mean+ ( ! ^w apposition2 because x assumes t ! lit]al read+1 :5 ! suppos$ ellipsis is suppli$1 is apposition /ill4 ,! old di/9ction1 h[ev]1 betwe5 apposition & same cases1 is g5]ally pres]v$ 9 our gramm>s1 & is wor?y ev] to be s4 ,! rule = same cases applies to all n\ns or pron\ns t are put aft] v]bs or p>ticiples n transitive1 & t are made to agree 9 case ) o!r n\ns or pron\ns go+ be=e1 & mean+ ! same ?+4 ,b "s tea*]s :o obs]ve ?is di/9ction ) ref]5ce to ! neut] v]b be1 & to c]ta9 passive v]bs ( nam+1 appo9t+1 & ! l1 absurdly break x d[n 9 relation to o!r v]bs1 neut] or active-intransitive4 ,?us ,nixon3 ,n\ns 9 apposition are 9 ! same case2 z1 ',hort5sius di$ a m>tyr2' ',sydney liv$ ! %eph]d's fri5d4'--,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #ee4 ,x is rem>kable t all ?is au?or's examples ( nom9atives 9 apposition1 7& he gives eighte5 9 ! ex]cise17 are precisely ( ?is sort1 9 :i* !re is really no apposition at all4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 ! ex]cise ( p>s+1 rule ?ird %\ld be appli$ only to ! explanatory t]m2 because ! case ( ! pr9cipal t]m dep5ds on its relation to ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 & comes "u "s o!r rule4 ,9 c]ta9 in/ances1 too1 x is bett] to waive ! analysis :i* might be made "u rule ?ird1 & to take bo? or all ! t]ms toge!r1 "u ! rule = ! ma9 relation4 ,?us1 ! sev]al prop] names :i* di/+ui% an individual1 are always 9 apposition1 & %\ld be tak5 toge!r 9 p>s+2 z1 ,william ,pitt--,m>cus ,tullius ,cic]o4 ,x may1 ,i ?9k1 be prop] to include ) ! p]sonal names1 "s titles also2 z1 ,"l ,bacon--,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,william ,e4 ,russell & ,jona?an ,w>e1 7two ,am]ican au?ors ( no great note17 9 p>s+ ! "n ( ,george ,wa%+ton1 absurdly take ! =m] ^w z an adjective belong+ to ! latt]4 ,see ,russell's ,gram41 p4 #ajj2 & ,w>e's1 #ag4 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi? does ! same1 bo? ) honor>y titles1 & ) baptismal or ,*ri/ian names4 ,see 8 ,new ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,& "o ,engli% writ]1 9 expla9+ ! phrases1 ,john ,wickliffe's influ5ce1 ,rob]t ,bruce's ex]tions1 & ! l1 w h ! fir/ n\ns to be gov]n$ by ! la/1 & ! int]m$iate ones to be di/9ct possessives 9 apposition ) ! =m]4 ,see ,nixon's ,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #ei4 ,wm4 ,b4 ,f[le1 9 8 ,true ,engli% ,gramm>1 takes all titles1 all giv5 names1 all possessives1 & all pron\ns1 to be adjectives4 ,accord+ to him1 ?is class embraces m ?an half ! words 9 ! language4 ,a lat] writ] ?an any ( ^! says1 ,! prop] n\n is philosophically an adjective4 ,n\ns common or prop]1 ( simil> or dissimil> import1 may be p>s$ z adjectives1 :5 !y become qualify+ or di/+ui%+ words2 z1 ,presid5t ,madison1--,doctor ,johnson1--,mr4 ,web/]1--,esq4 ,c>leton1--,miss ,g\ld1--,pr(essor ,w>e1--lake ,erie1--! ,pacific ocean1--,frankl9 ,h\se1--,union /reet4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,i diss5t f all ^! views1 at lea/ s f> z n to divide a man's "n 9 p>s+ x4 ,a p]son w sometimes h su* a multitude ( names1 t x w\ld be a flagrant wa/e ( "t1 to p>se !m all sep>ately3 = example1 t wond]ful doctor1 ,p>acelsus1 :o call$ himself1 ,aureolus ,philippus ,!ophra/us ,bomba/us ,p>acelsus de ,ho5heim4--,univ4 ,biog4 ,dict4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,a v common rule = apposition 9 ,lat91 is ?is3 ,sub/antives signify+ ! same ?+1 agree 9 case4--,adam's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #aef4 ,! same has also be5 appli$ to our language3 ,sub/antives d5ot+ ! same p]son or ?+1 agree 9 case4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,?is rule is1 = two reasons1 v faulty3 fir/1 because ! apposition ( pron\ns seems n to be includ$ x2 secondly1 because two n\ns t are n 9 ! same case1 d sometimes signify or d5ote ! same ?+4 ,?us1 ! city ( ,london1 means only ! city ,london2 ! l& ( ,egypt1 is only ,egypt2 & ! p]son ( ,ri*>d is ,ri*>d himself4 ,dr4 ,web/] def9es apposition to be1 ,! plac+ ( two n\ns 9 ! same case1 )\t a connect+ ^w betwe5 !m4--,octavo ,dict4 ,?is1 too1 excludes ! pron\ns1 & has exceptions1 bo? v>i\s & num]\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! apposition may be ( m ?an two n\ns1 )\t any connective2 z1 ,ezra ! prie/1 ! scribe ( ! law4--,ezra1 vii1 #ba4 ,secondly1 two n\ns connect$ by a conjunction1 may bo? be put 9 apposition ) a prec$+ n\n or pron\n2 z1 ,god ha? made t same ,jesus1 :om ye h crucifi$1 bo? ,"l & ,*ri/4--,acts1 ii1 #cf4 ,:o made me a judge or a divid] ov] y4--,luke1 xii1 #ad4 ,?irdly1 ! apposition may be ( two n\ns imm$iately connect$ by &1 provid$ ! two words d5ote b "o p]son or ?+2 z1 ,?is great philosoph] & /atesman 0 br$ a pr9t]4 ,f\r?ly1 x may be ( two words connect$ by z1 express+ ! idea ( a p>tial or assum$ id5tity2 z1 ,yet c\nt him n z an enemy1 b admoni% him z a bro!r4--#b ,!ss41 iii1 #ae4 ,s t he1 z ,god1 sitte? 9 ! temple ( ,god4--,ib41 ii1 #d4 ,fif?ly1 x may p]haps be ( two words connect$ by ?an2 z1 ,he left !m no m ?an dead m54--,law & ,grace1 p4 #bh4 ,la/ly1 !re is a ne> resemblance to apposition1 :5 two equival5t n\ns are connect$ by or2 z1 ,! back ( ! h$gehog is cov]$ ) prickles1 or sp9es4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,,obs4 #e4--,to ! rule = apposition1 z ,i h express$ x1 !re are prop]ly no exceptions4 ,b !re are _m puzzl+ examples ( con/ruction "u x1 "s ( :i* are b little %ort ( exceptions2 & ^u su* ( ^! z are mo/ likely to emb>rass ! le>n]1 "s fur!r obs]vations %all be made4 ,! rule supposes ! fir/ ^w to be ! pr9cipal t]m1 ) :i* ! o!r ^w1 or subsequ5t n\n or pron\n1 is 9 apposition2 & x g5]ally is s3 b ! explanatory ^w is sometimes plac$ fir/1 especially among ! poets2 z1 ,f bright'n+ fields ( e!r fair disclos'd1 ,*ild ( ! sun1 refulg5t ,summ] comes4--,?omson4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! pron\ns ( ! fir/ & second p]sons are (t5 plac$ be=e n\ns m]ely to di/+ui% _! p]son2 z1 ,i ,john saw ^! ?+s4--,bible4 ,b :at is ?is to y receiv]s8--,cl>kson's ,essay on ,slav]y1 p4 #ajh4 ,8 praise1 ye brooks1 attune4--,?omson4 ,9 ?is case ( apposition1 ! words are 9 g5]al closely unit$1 & ei!r ( !m may be tak5 z ! explanatory t]m4 ,! le>n] w f9d x easi] to p>se ! n\n by rule ?ird2 or bo? n\ns1 if !re be two3 z1 ,i ?y fa!r-9-law ,je?ro am come unto !e4--,exod41 xviii1 #f4 ,!re are _m o!r examples1 9 :i* x is ( no mom5t1 :i* ( ! t]ms we take = ! pr9cipal2 & to all su* ! rule may be appli$ lit]ally3 z1 ,?y son ,b5hadad k+ ( ,syria ha? s5t me to !e4--#b ,k+s1 viii1 #i4 ,,obs4 #g4--,:5 two or m n\ns ( ! possessive case are put 9 apposition1 ! possessive t]m9ation add$ to "o1 d5otes ! case ( bo? or all2 z1 ,= ,h]odias' sake1 8 bro!r ,philip's wife--,matt41 xiv1 #c2 ,m>k1 vi1 #ag4 ,"h wife is 9 apposition ) ,h]odias'1 & bro!r ) ,philip's2 consequ5tly all ^! words are reckon$ to be 9 ! possessive case4 ,! ,greek text1 :i* is bett]1 /&s ess5tially ?us3 ,= ! sake ( ,h]odias1 ! wife ( ,philip 8 bro!r4 ,= ,jacob my s]vant's sake1 & ,israel m9e elect4--,isaiah1 xlv1 #d4 ,"h1 z ,jacob & ,israel are only diff]5t names = ! same p]son or nation1 ! f\r n\ns 9 ,italics are1 accord+ to ! rule1 all made possessives by ! "o sign us$2 b ! con/ruction is n to be comm5d$3 x w\ld be bett] to say1 ,= ! sake ( ,jacob my s]vant1 & ,israel m9e elect4 ,) ,hyrcanus ! high prie/'s cons5t4--,wood's ,dict41 w4 ,h]od4 ,i call$ at ,smi?'s1 ! booksell]2 or1 at ,smi? ! booksell]'s4-- ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aje4 ,two words1 ea* hav+ ! possessive sign1 c nev] be 9 apposition "o ) ! o!r2 because t sign has imm$iate ref]5ce to ! gov]n+ n\n express$ or und]/ood aft] x2 & if x be repeat$1 sep>ate gov]n+ n\ns w be impli$1 & ! apposition w be de/roy$4#cdd ,,obs4 #h4--;,if ! =ego+ rem>k is j1 ! apposition ( two n\ns 9 ! possessive case1 requires ! possessive sign to be add$ to t n\n :i* imm$iately prec$es ! gov]n+ ^w1 :e!r express$ or und]/ood1 & positively excludes x f ! o!r4 ,! sign ( ! case is add$1 sometimes to ! =m]1 & sometimes to ! latt] n\n1 b nev] to bo?3 or1 if add$ to bo?1 ! two words are no long] 9 apposition4 ,example3 ,& = t reason !y ascribe to him a great "p ( 8 fa!r ,nimrod's1 or ,belus's actions4--,roll9's ,an4 ,hi/41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #f4 ,"h fa!r & ,nimrod's are 9 /rict apposition2 b if actions gov]ns ,belus's1 ! same ^w is impli$ to gov]n ,nimrod's1 & ! two names are n 9 apposition1 ?\gh !y are 9 ! same case & mean ! same p]son4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,"s w\ld say1 ',i left ! p>cel at ,mr4 ,smi?'s1 ! booksell]2' o!rs1 'at ,mr4 ,smi? ! booksell]'s2' & p]haps o!rs1 at ',mr4 ,smi?'s ! booksell]'s4' ,! la/ ( ^! =ms is mo/ agreeable to ! ,lat9 idiom1 b ! fir/ seems to be m natural 9 ours2 & if ! addition consi/ consi/s1 says ,murray1 ( two or m words1 ! case seems to be v cle>2 z1 ',i left ! p>cel at ,mr4 ,smi?'s ! booksell] & /ation]2' i4 e4 at ,mr4 ,smi?'s1 :o is a booksell] & /ation]4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,"h ! examples1 if rightly po9t$1 w\ld all be "r2 b ! ellipsis suppos$1 n only de/roys ! apposition1 b conv]ts ! explanatory n\n into a nom9ative4 ,& 9 ! phrase1 at ,mr4 ,smi?s1 ! booksell]'s1 !re is no apposition1 except t ( ,mr4 ) ,smi?'s2 = ! gov]n+ n\n h\se or /ore is und]/ood z cle>ly aft] ! "o possessive sign z aft] ! o!r4 ,*ur*ill imag9es t 9 ,murray's example1 ,i reside at ,"l ,/ormont's1 my old patron & b5efactor1 ! la/ two n\ns are 9 ! nom9ative aft] :o 0 und]/ood2 & also errone\sly sugge/s1 t _! jo9t apposition ) ,/ormont's might be secur$1 by say+1 less elegantly1 ,i reside at ,"l ,/ormont's1 my old patron & b5efactor's4-- ,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #bhe4 ,l9dley ,murray1 :o tacitly takes f ,prie/ley all t is quot$ above1 except ! t]m ,mr41 & ! notion ( an ellipsis ( :o is1 assumes ea* ( ! ?ree =ms z an in/ance ( apposition1 b pron\nces ! fir/ only to be correct & prop]4 ,if1 !n1 ! fir/ is elliptical1 z ,prie/ley sugge/s1 & ! o!rs are ungrammatical1 z ,murray pret5ds to prove1 we _c h 9 reality any su* con/ruction z ! apposition ( two possessives2 = ! sign ( ! case _c possibly be add$ 9 m ?an ^! ?ree ways4 ,b ,murray does n adh]e at all to 8 own decision1 z may be se5 by 8 subsequ5t rem>ks & examples1 on ! same page2 z1 ,! emp]or ,leopold's2--,dionysius ! tyrant's2--,= ,david my s]vant's sake2--,give me "h ,john ! ,bapti/'s head2--,paul ! apo/le's advice4 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #agf2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #aej2 & o!rs4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,an explanatory n\n )\t ! possessive sign1 seems sometimes to be put 9 apposition ) a pron\n ( ! possessive case2 &1 if introduc$ by ! conjunction z1 x may ei!r prec$e or foll[ ! pron\n3 ?us1 ,i rejoice 9 y\r success z an in/ruct]4-- ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bdd4 ,z an au?or1 8 ',adv5tur]' is 8 capital "w4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cbi4 ,?us %all mank9d 8 gu>dian c>e engage1 ,! promis$ fa!r ( a future age4--,pope4 ,b possibly su* examples may be o!rwise expla9$ on ! pr9ciple ( ellipsis2 z1 ,he be+ ! promis$ fa!r1 c4 ,z he 0 an au?or1 c4 ,z y are an in/ruct]4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,:5 a n\n or pron\n is repeat$ = ! sake ( emphasis1 or = ! add+ ( an epi!t1 ! ^w :i* is repeat$ may prop]ly be said to be 9 apposition ) t :i* is fir/ introduc$2 or1 if n1 ! repetition itself implies sam5ess ( case3 z1 ,!y h =sak5 me1 ! f\nta9 ( liv+ wat]s1 & hew$ !m out ci/]ns1 brok5 ci/]ns1 t c hold no wat]4--,j]41 ii1 #ac4 ,i f9d ! total ( _! hopes & fe>s ,dreams1 empty dreams4--,c[p]'s ,task1 p4 #ga4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,a n\n is sometimes put1 z x 71 9 apposition to a s5t5ce2 be+ us$ 7p]haps elliptically7 to sum up ! :ole idea 9 "o emphatic ^w1 or %ort phrase4 ,b1 9 su* in/ances1 ! n\n c seldom be said to h any positive relation t may det]m9e its case2 &1 if alone1 x w ( c\rse be 9 ! nom9ative1 by reason ( its indep5d5ce4 ,examples3 ,he p]mitt$ me to consult 8 libr>y--a k9dness :i* ,i %all n =get4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,i h (f5d$ reputation--a mo/ unnoble sw]v+4--,%akspe>e4 ,i want a h]o1--an uncommon want4--,byron4 ,lopez took up ! sonnet1 & aft] read+ x sev]al times1 frankly ackn[l$g$ t he did n und]/& x himself2 a discov]y :i* ! poet probably nev] made be=e4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bhj4 ,9 ,*ri/ian he>ts ,o = a pagan zeal6 ,a ne$ful1 b opprobri\s pray]6--,"y1 ,n4 ix1 l4 #iie4 ,great /&+ miracle1 t ,heav'n assign'd ,its only ?9k+ ?+ ?is turn ( m9d4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,a di/ributive t]m 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 is frequ5tly con/ru$ 9 apposition ) a compreh5sive plural2 z1 ,!y reap vanity1 e "o ) 8 neighb\r4--,bible4 ,g ye e man unto 8 city4--,ibid4 ,s likewise ) two or m s+ul> n\ns :i* are tak5 conjo9tly2 z1 ,! ,son & ,_s h ea* 8 prop] (fice4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #afc4 ,& sometimes a plural ^w is emphatically put aft] a s]ies ( p>ticul>s compreh5d$ "u x2 z1 ,ambition1 int]e/1 glory1 all concurr$4--,lett]s on ,*ivalry1 p4 #aa4 ,royali/s1 republicans1 *ur*m51 sect>ies1 c\rti]s1 patriots1 all p>ties concurr$ 9 ! illusion4--,hume's ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 viii1 p4 #gc4 ,! =ego+ examples are pla91 b simil> expressions sometimes require c>e1 le/ ! di/ributive or collective t]m be s plac$ t its con/ruction & mean+ may be misappreh5d$4 ,examples3 ,we h turn$ e "o to 8 own way4--,isaiah1 liii1 #f4 ,bett]3 ,we h e "o turn$ to 8 own way4 ,= 9 _m ?+s we (f5d all4--,james1 iii1 #b4 ,bett]3 ,= 9 _m ?+s we all (f5d4 ,! latt] read+s d\btless convey ! true s5se ( ^! texts4 ,to ! relation ( apposition1 x may be prop] also to ref] ! con/ruction ( a s+ul> n\n tak5 9 a di/ributive s5se & repeat$ aft] by to d5ote ord]2 z1 ,!y w5t out "o by "o4--,bible4 ,our :ole company1 man by man1 v5tur$ 94--,goldsmi?4 ,to exam9e a book1 page by page2 to se>* a place1 h\se by h\se4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,s too1 p]haps1 :5 ! p>ts ( a ?+ expla9 ! :ole2 z1 ,b ^? t sleep1 & ?9k n on _! s9s1 ,p9* !m1 arms1 legs1 backs1 %\ld]s1 sides1 & %9s4 --,%ak4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,to express a reciprocal action or relation1 ! pronom9al adjectives ea* o!r & "o an o!r are employ$3 z1 ,!y love ea* o!r2--,!y love "o an o!r4 ,! words1 sep>ately consid]$1 are s+ul>2 b1 tak5 toge!r1 !y imply plurality2 & !y c be prop]ly con/ru$ only aft] plurals1 or s+ul>s tak5 conjo9tly4 ,ea* o!r is usually appli$ to two p]sons or ?+s2 & "o an o!r1 to m ?an two4 ,! impropriety ( apply+ !m o!rwise1 is notic$ else:]e2 7see1 9 ,"p ,,ii1 ,obs4 #ae?1 on ! ,classes ( ,adjectives27 s t we h "h to exam9e only _! relations ( case4 ,! t]ms1 ?\gh reciprocal & closely unit$1 are seldom or nev] 9 ! same con/ruction4 ,if su* expressions be analyz$1 ea* & "o w g5]ally appe> to be 9 ! nom9ative case1 & o!r 9 ! objective2 z1 ,!y love ea* o!r2 i4 e4 ea* loves ! o!r4 ,!y love "o an o!r2 i4 e4 any or e "o loves any or e o!r4 ,ea* & "o 7--if ! words be tak5 z cases1 & n adjectively--7 are prop]ly 9 agreem5t or apposition ) !y1 & o!r is gov]n$ by ! v]b4 ,! t]ms1 h[ev]1 admit ( o!r con/ructions2 z1 ,be ye help]s "o ( an o!r4--,bible4 ,"h "o is 9 apposition ) ye1 & o!r is gov]n$ by (4 ,ye are "o an o!r's joy4--,ib4 ,"h "o is 9 apposition ) ye1 & o!r's is 9 ! possessive case1 be+ gov]n$ by joy4 ,love w make y "o an o!r's joy4 ,"h "o is 9 ! objective case1 be+ 9 apposition ) y1 & o!r's is gov]n$ z be=e4 ,m5's confid5ce 9 "o an o!r2--,_! dep5d5ce "o ^u an o!r4 ,"h ! ^w "o appe>s to be 9 apposition ) ! possessive go+ be=e2 = x has already be5 %[n1 t words /&+ 9 t relation nev] take ! possessive sign4 ,b if its location aft] ! preposition mu/ make x objective1 ! :ole object is ! complex t]m1 "o an o!r4 ,grudge n "o aga9/ an o!r4--,james1 v1 #i4 ,ne v\s plaignez po9t les uns des autres4--,fr5* ,bible4 ,ne suspirate alius adv]sus alium4--,beza4 ,ne +emiscite adv]sus alii alios4--,leusd54 ,greek3 ,m /5azete kat halllon4--,greek ,new ,te/am5t4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,! con/ruction ( ! ,lat9 t]ms alius alium1 alii alios1 c41 ) t ( ! ,fr5* l'un l'autre1 l'un de l'autre1 c41 appe>s1 at fir/ view1 suffici5tly to confirm ! doctr9e ( ! prec$+ obs]vation2 b1 besides ! frequ5t use1 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 ( a reciprocal adv]b to express ! mean+ ( "o an o!r or ea* o!r1 !re are1 f ea* ( ^! languages1 "s analogical argum5ts = tak+ ! ,engli% t]ms toge!r z comp\nds4 ,! mo/ common t]m 9 ,greek = "o an o!r1 7,greek3 ,halllon1 dat4 ,greek3 halllois1 ais1 ois1 acc4 ,greek3 halll\s3 ab ,greek3 hallos1 alius17 is a s+le d]ivative ^w1 ! case ( :i* is kn[n by its t]m9ation2 & ea* o!r is sometimes express$ 9 ,lat9 by a comp\nd3 z1 ,et osculantes se alt]utrum1 flev]unt p>it]4--,vulgate4 ,t is3 ,& kiss+ ea* o!r1 !y wept toge!r4 ,z ?is text speaks ( b two p]sons1 our translators h n express$ x well 9 ! common v]sion3 ,& !y kiss$ "o an o!r1 & wept "o ) an o!r--#a ,sam41 xx1 #da4 ,alt]-utrum is compos$ ( a nom9ative & an accusative1 l ea*-o!r2 &1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 !re is no reason :y ! =m] %\ld be comp\nd$1 & ! latt] n4 ,ord9>ily1 !re seems to be no ne$ ( comp\nd+ ei!r ( !m4 ,b "s examples occur1 9 :i* x is n easy to p>se ea* o!r & "o an o!r o!rwise ?an z comp\nds3 z1 ,he only recomm5d$ ?is1 & n ! wa%+ ( "o ano!r's feet4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #adc4 ,! ,temple late two bro!r s]geants saw1 ,:o deem'd ea* o!r oracles ( law4--,pope1 ,b4 ii1 ,ep4 #b4cde ,,obs4 #af4--,! common & ! prop] "n ( an object are v (t5 associat$1 & put 9 apposition2 z1 ,! riv] ,?ames1--,! %ip ,albion1--,! poet ,c[p]--,lake ,erie1--,cape ,may--,m\nt ,atlas4 ,b1 9 ,engli%1 ! prop] "n ( a place1 :5 accompani$ by ! common "n1 is g5]ally put 9 ! objective case1 & prec$$ by (2 z1 ,! city ( ,new ,york1--,! l& ( ,canaan1--,! isl& ( ,cuba1--,! p59sula ( ,yucatan4 ,yet 9 "s in/ances1 ev5 ( ?is k9d1 ! imm$iate apposition is pref]r$2 z1 ,t ! city ,sepphoris %\ld be subord9ate to ! city ,tib]ias4--,life ( ,josephus1 p4 #adb4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ! preposition ( is at lea/ ne$less3 ,! law delighte? h]self 9 ! numb] ( twelve2 & ! numb] ( twelve is mu* respect$ 9 holy writ4--,coke1 on ,juries4 ,two or ?ree late gramm>ians1 suppos+ ( always to indicate a possessive relation betwe5 "o ?+ & an o!r1 cont5d t x is no less improp]1 to say1 ,! city ( ,london1 ! city ( ,new ,hav51 ! mon? ( ,m>*1 ! isl&s ( ,cuba & ,hispaniola1 ! t[ns ( ,exet] & ,dov]1 ?an to say1 ,k+ ( ,solomon1 ,titus ( ! ,roman ,emp]or1 ,paul ( ! apo/le1 or1 ,cic]o ( ! orator4--,see ,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #aja2 ,emmons's1 #af4 ,i _c b ?9k !re is "s mi/ake 9 _! mode ( f9d+ out :at is prop] or improp] 9 gramm>4 ,emmons sc>cely a*iev$ two pages m1 be=e he =got 8 criticism1 & adopt$ ! phrase1 9 ! city ( ,new ,hav54--,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,:5 an object acquires a new "n or "* f ! action ( a v]b1 ! new appellation is put 9 apposition ) ! object ( ! active v]b1 & 9 ! nom9ative aft] ! passive3 z1 ,!y nam$ ! *ild ,john2--,! *ild 0 nam$ ,john4--,!y elect$ him presid5t2--,he 0 elect$ presid5t4 ,aft] ! active v]b1 ! acquir$ "n mu/ be p>s$ by ,rule #c;d2 aft] ! passive1 by ,rule #f?4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! pronom9al adjective "s1 or ! n\n m5 und]/ood aft] x1 is ! direct object ( ! v]b gave1 & ! n\ns express$ are 9 apposition ) x3 ,& he gave "s1 apo/les2 & "s1 prophets2 & "s1 evangeli/s2 & "s1 pa/ors & tea*]s--,ephesians1 iv1 #aa4 ,t is1 ,he be/[$ "s m5 z apo/les2 & "s z prophets2 & "s z evangeli/s2 & "s z pa/ors & tea*]s4 ,! common read] might easily mi/ake ! mean+ & con/ruction ( ?is text 9 two diff]5t ways2 = he might take "s to be ei!r a dative case1 mean+ to "s p]sons1 or an adjective to ! n\ns :i* are "h express$4 ,! punctuation1 h[ev]1 is calculat$ to %[ t ! n\ns are 9 apposition ) "s1 or "s m51 9 :at ! ,lat9s call ! accusative1 case4 ,b ! v]sion ought to be am5d$ by ! ins]tion ( z1 :i* w\ld "h be an express sign ( ! apposition int5d$4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,"s au?ors tea* t words 9 apposition mu/ agree 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 z well z 9 case2 b su* agreem5t ! foll[+ examples %[ n to be always necess>y3 ,! ,franks1 a p ( ,g]many4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram4 ,! ,k5ite tribe1 ! desc5dants ( ,hobab4--,milman's ,hi/4 ( ! ,jews4 ,b h[ c y a s\l1 /ill ei!r hung] or ?ir/8--,lucian's ,dialogues1 p4 #ad4 ,:o seiz$ ! wife ( me 8 ho/1 & fl$4--,ib41 p4 #af4 ,?y gloomy gr&eurs 7,nature's mo/ augu/4 ,inspir+ aspect67 claim a grateful v]se4--,"y1 ,n4 ix1 l4 #eff4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4 ,,errors ,,( ,,words ,,9 ,,apposition4 ,n[1 !re=e1 come ?\1 let u make a cov5ant1 ,i & ?\4--,g541 xxxi1 #dd4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\ns ,i & ?\1 ( ! nom9ative case1 are "h put 9 apposition ) ! prec$+ pron\n u1 :i* is objective4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 ,a n\n or a p]sonal pron\n1 us$ to expla9 a prec$+ n\n or pron\n1 is put1 by apposition1 9 ! same case4 ,!re=e1 ,i & ?\ %\ld be !e & me2 7! fir/ p]son1 9 our idiom1 be+ usually put la/27 ?us1 ,n[1 !re=e1 come ?\1 let u make a cov5ant1 !e & me4 ,n[1 !re=e1 come ?\1 we w make a cov5ant1 !e & me4--,v>iation ( ,g54 ,! ^w came n to ,esau1 ! hunt]1 t /ay$ n at home2 b to ,jacob1 ! pla9 man1 he t dwelt 9 t5ts4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,n to e man1 b to ! man ( ,god1 7i4 e47 he t is l$ by ! _s ( ,god4--,b>clays ,works1 i1 #bff4 ,=1 admitt+ ,god to be a cr$itor1 or he to :om ! debt %\ld be paid1 & ,*ri/ he t satisfies or pays x on behalf ( man ! debtor1 ?is "q w arise1 :e!r he paid t debt z ,god1 or man1 or bo?8--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,?is ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! heav5ly ,man1 ! ,emmanuel1 ,god ) u1 we own & believe 93 he :om ! high prie/s rag$ aga9/1 c4--,george ,fox4 ,*ri/1 & ,him crucifi$1 0 ! ,alpha & ,omega ( all 8 addresses1 ! f\nta9 & f\ndation ( 8 hope & tru/4--,exp]i5ce ( ,paul1 p4 #cii4 ',*ri/ & ,him crucifi$' is ! head1 & only head1 ( ! *ur*4--,d5ison's ,s]mon4 ,b if ',*ri/ & ,him crucifi$' are ! burd5 ( ! m9i/ry1 su* disa/r\s results are all avoid$4--,ib4 ,he nev] let fall ! lea/ intimation1 t himself1 or any o!r p]son1 :omsoev]1 0 ! object ( wor%ip4--,hannah ,adams's ,view1 p4 #bej4 ,let ! eld]s t rule well1 be c\nt$ wor?y ( d\ble hon\r1 especially !y :o lab\r 9 ! ^w & doctr9e4--#a ,tim41 v1 #ag4 ,our ,%eph]d1 him :o is /yl$ ,k+ ( sa9ts1 w assur$ly give 8 sa9ts ! victory4--,s]mon4 ,x may seem odd to talk ( we subscrib]s--,f[l]s ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,& !y %all h none to bury !m1 !m1 _! wives1 nor _! sons1 nor _! daught]s2 = ,i w p\r _! wick$ness ^u !m4--,j]emiah1 xiv1 #af4 ,yet ,i suppos$ x necess>y to s5d to y ,epaphroditus1 my bro!r1 & companion 9 lab\r1 & fell[-soldi]1 b y\r mess5g]1 & he t m9i/]$ to my wants4--,philippians1 ii1 #be4 ,amid/ ! tumult ( ! r\t$ tra91 ,! sons ( false ,antima*us 7 sla92 ,he1 :o = bribes 8 fai?less c\nsels sold1 ,& vot$ ,hel5's /ay = ,p>is' gold4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 xi4 l4 #afa4 ,see ! vile ,k+ 8 iron sceptre be>-- ,8 only praise att5ds ! pi\s ,heir2 ,he1 9 ^: s\l ! virtues all conspire1 ,! be/ good son1 f ! wor/ wick$ sire4 --,,dr4 ,,l[?3 ,union ,poems1 p4 #ai4 ,!n f ?y lips p\r$ =? a joyful song ,to ?y ,r$eem]6--yea1 x p\r$ along ,9 mo/ melodi\s en]gy ( praise1 ,to ,god1 ! ,savi\r1 he ( anci5t days4 --,arm ,*air1 p4 #ae4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,possessives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$3 z1 ,god's m]cy prolongs man's life4--,all54 ,!irs is ! vanity1 ! le>n+ ?9e2 ,t\*$ by ?y h&1 aga9 ,rome's glories %9e4--,pope4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,iv4 ,,obs4 #a4--,?\gh ! ord9>y syntax ( ! possessive case is suffici5tly pla9 & easy1 !re is p]haps1 among all ! puzzl+ & disputable po9ts ( gramm>1 no?+ m difficult ( decision1 ?an are "s que/ions t occur respect+ ! "r managem5t ( ?is case4 ,t its usual con/ruction is bo? cle>ly & prop]ly /at$ 9 ! =ego+ rule1 is :at none w d\bt or d5y4 ,b h[ _m & :at exceptions to ?is rule ought to be all[$1 or :e!r any are ju/ly dem&$ or n1 are matt]s ab\t :i* !re may be mu* div]sity ( op9ion4 ,hav+ h]et(ore publi%$ ! rule )\t any express exceptions1 ,i am n n[ conv9c$ t x is be/ to add any2 yet are !re ?ree diff]5t modes ( expression :i* might be plausibly exhibit$ 9 t "*4 ,two ( ^! w\ld conc]n only ! p>s]2 &1 = t reason1 !y seem n to be v important4 ,! o!r involves ! approval or repreh5sion ( a great multitude ( v common expressions1 conc]n+ :i* our able/ gramm>ians diff] 9 op9ion1 & our mo/ popul> dige/ pla9ly contradicts itself4 ,^! po9ts are2 fir/1 ! apposition ( possessives1 & ! suppos$ ellipses :i* may affect t con/ruction2 secondly1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! possessive case aft] is1 01 c41 :5 ! own]%ip ( a ?+ is simply affirm$ or d5i$2 ?irdly1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! possessive by a p>ticiple1 z su*--t is1 :ile x reta9s ! gov]nm5t & adjuncts ( a p>ticiple4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! apposition ( "o possessive ) an o!r1 7z1 ,= ,david my s]vant's sake17 might d\btless be consi/5tly made a =mal exception to ! direct gov]nm5t ( ! possessive by its controll+ n\n4 ,b ?is apposition is only a sam5ess ( con/ruction1 s t :at gov]ns ! "o1 virtually gov]ns ! o!r4 ,& if ! case ( any n\n or pron\n is kn[n & det]m9$ by ! rule or relation ( apposition1 !re c be no ne$ ( an exception to ! =ego+ rule = ! purpose ( p>s+ x1 s9ce t purpose is already answ]$ by rule ?ird4 ,if ! read]1 by suppos+ an ellipsis :i* ,i %\ld n1 w resolve any giv5 in/ance ( ?is k9d into some?+ else ?an apposition1 ,i h already %[n him t "s great gramm>ians h diff]$ 9 ! same way be=e4 ,useless ellipses1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be suppos$2 & su* p]haps is ! foll[+3 ,at ,mr4 ,smi?'s :o is ! booksell]4--,see ,dr4 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 all our ,lat9 gramm>s1 ! v]b sum1 fui1 esse1 to be1 is said 7?\gh n ) /rict propriety7 sometimes to signify possession1 prop]ty1 or duty1 & 9 t s5se to gov]n ! g5itive case3 z1 ,e/ regis2--,x is ! k+'s4--,hom9is e/ err>e2--,x is man's to err4--,pecus e/ ,meliboelig2i2--,! flock is ,meliboeus's4 ,& sometimes1 ) l import1 ?is v]b1 express$ or und]/ood1 may gov]n ! dative2 z1 ,ego sum dilecto meo1 et dilectus meus e/ mihi4--,vulgate4 ,i am my belov$'s1 & my belov$ is m9e4--,solomon's ,song1 vi1 #c4 ,"h1 z bo? ! g5itive & ! dative are express$ 9 ,engli% by ! possessive1 if ! =m] are gov]n$ by ! v]b1 !re seems to be precisely ! same reason f ! nature ( ! expression1 & an additional "o f analogy1 = consid]+ ! latt] to be s too4 ,b all ! annotators ^u ! ,lat9 syntax sugge/1 t ! g5itive ?us put aft] sum or e/1 is really gov]n$1 n by ! v]b1 b by "s n\n und]/ood2 & ) ?is idea1 ( an ellipsis 9 ! con/ruction1 all our ,engli% gramm>ians appe> to unite4 ,!y might n1 h[ev]1 f9d x v easy to tell by :at n\n ! ^w belov$'s or m9e is gov]n$1 9 ! la/ example above2 & s ( _m o!rs1 :i* are us$ 9 ! same way3 z1 ,!re %all no?+ die ( all t is ! *ildr5's ( ,israel4--,exod41 ix1 #d4 ,! ,lat9 "h is1 ,ut nihil omn9o p]eat ex 8 qu p]t95t ad filios ,israel4--,vulgate4 ,t is1--( all ^? :i* belong to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel4 ,= ?\ art ,fre$om's n[--& ,fame's1 ,"o ( ! few1 ! immortal names1 ,t 7 n born to die4--,,halleck3 ,m>co ,bozz>is4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,al?\gh ! possessive case is always intr9sically an adjunct & !re=e incapable ( be+ us$ or compreh5d$ 9 any s5se t is positively ab/ract2 yet we see t !re are in/ances 9 :i* x is us$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( ab/raction1--t is1 ) an actual sep>ation f ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$2 & t accord+ly !re are1 9 ! simple p]sonal pron\ns1 7:]e su* a di/9ction is mo/ ne$$17 two diff]5t =ms ( ! case2 ! "o adapt$ to ! concrete1 & ! o!r to ! ab/ract con/ruction4 ,t =m ( ! pron\n1 h[ev]1 :i* is equival5t 9 s5se to ! concrete & ! n\n1 is /ill ! possessive case1 & no?+ m2 z1 ,all m9e are ?9e1 & ?9e are m9e4--,john1 xvii1 #aj4 ,= if we suppose ?is equival5ce to prove su* a pron\n to be some?+ m ?an ! possessive case1 z d "s gramm>ians1 we mu/ suppose ! same ?+ respect+ ! possessive case ( a n\n1 :5ev] ! relation ( own]%ip or possession is simply affirm$ or d5i$ ) su* a n\n put la/3 z1 ,= all ?+s are y\rs2 & ye are ,*ri/'s2 & ,*ri/ is ,god's4--#a ,cor41 iii1 #ba4 ,by ! second example plac$ "u ! rule1 ,i meant to sugge/1 t ! possessive case1 :5 plac$ be=e or aft] ?is v]b1 7be17 might be p>s$ z be+ gov]n$ by ! nom9ative2 z we may suppose !irs to be gov]n$ by vanity1 & ?9e by le>n+1 ^! n\ns be+ ! names ( ! ?+s possess$4 ,b !n we enc\nt] a difficulty1 :5ev] a pron\n happ5s to be ! nom9ative2 z1 ,!re=e glorify ,god 9 y\r body1 & 9 y\r _s1 :i* are ,god's--#a ,cor41 vi1 #bj4 ,"h ! common resort w\ld be to "s ellipsis2 & yet x mu/ be confess$1 t ?is mode ( int]pretation _c b make "s diff]5ce 9 ! s5se3 z1 ,if ye be ,*ri/'s1 !n are ye ,abraham's se$4--,gal41 iii1 #bi4 ,"h "s may ?9k ! mean+ to be1 ,if ye be ,*ri/'s se$1 or *ildr54 ,b a tru] v]sion ( ! text w\ld be1 ,if ye are ( ,*ri/1 !n are ye ,abraham's se$4--,que si v\s tes ,*ri/1 v\s tes done la po/]it d',abraham4--,fr5* ,bible4 ,,obs4 #e4--,possession is ! hav+ ( some?+1 & if ! possessive case is always an adjunct1 ref]r+ ei!r directly or indirectly to t :i* con/itutes x a possessive1 x w\ld seem b reasonable1 to limit ! gov]nm5t ( ?is case to t "p ( spee* :i* is und]/ood sub/antively--t is1 to ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,yet1 9 violation ( ?is re/riction1 _m gramm>ians admit1 t a p>ticiple1 ) ! regim5 & adjuncts ( a p>ticiple1 may gov]n ! possessive case2 & "s ( !m1 at ! same "t1 ) a/oni%+ inconsi/5cy1 av]1 t ! possessive case be=e a p>ticiple conv]ts ! latt] into a n\n1 & necess>ily deprives x ( its regim54 ,:e!r p>ticiples are wor?y to =m an exception to my rule or n1 ?is palpable contradiction is "o ( ! grave/ faults ( ,l4 ,murray's code ( syntax4 ,aft] copy+ f ,l[? ! doctr9e t a p>ticiple ) an article be=e x becomes a n\n1 & mu/ drop ! gov]nm5t & adjuncts ( a p>ticiple1 ?is au?or in=ms u1 t ! same pr9ciples are applicable to ! pron\n & p>ticiple3 z1 ,mu* dep5ds on _! obs]v+ ( ! rule1 & error w be ! consequ5ce ( _! neglect+ ( x2 9 /ead (1 _! obs]v+ ! rule1 & _! neglect+ x4 ,& ?is doctr9e he applies1 ) yet m positiv5ess1 to ! n\n & p>ticiple2 z if ! error 7 /ill m gl>+1 to make an active p>ticiple gov]n a possessive n\n2 say+1 ,we %all p]ceive ?is m cle>ly1 if we sub/itute a n\n = ! pron\n3 z1 ',mu* dep5ds ^u ,tyro's obs]v+ ( ! rule1' c42 :i* is ! same z1 ',mu* dep5ds on ,tyro's obs]vance ( ! rule4' ,b1 z ?is con/ruction s\nds r h>%ly1 x w\ld1 9 g5]al1 be bett] to express ! s5tim5t 9 ! foll[+1 or "s o!r =m3 ',mu* dep5ds on ! rule's be+ obs]v$2 & error w be ! consequ5ce ( its be+ neglect$8 or--'on obs]v+ ! rule2 &--( neglect+ x4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aic2 ,+]soll's1 #aii2 & o!rs4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,"h x is assum$1 t _! obs]v+ ! rule1 or ,tyro's obs]v+ ! rule1 is an ungrammatical phrase2 &1 sev]al diff]5t me?ods be+ sugge/$ = its correction1 a pref]5ce is at l5g? giv5 to :at is p]haps n less objectionable ?an ! orig9al phrase itself4 ,! la/ =m (f]$1 on obs]v+ ! rule1 c41 is inde$ correct en\gh 9 itself2 b1 z a sub/itute = ! o!r1 x is bo? inaccurate & insuffici5t4 ,x m]ely omits ! possessive case1 & leaves ! action ( ! p>ticiple undet]m9$ 9 respect to ! ag5t4 ,= ! possessive case be=e a real p>ticiple1 d5otes n ! possessor ( some?+1 z 9 o!r in/ances1 b ! ag5t ( ! action1 or ! subject ( ! be+ or passion2 & ! simple "q "h is1 :e!r ?is extraord9>y use ( ! possessive case is1 or is n1 su* an idiom ( our language z ought to be ju/ifi$4 ,p>ticiples may become n\ns1 if we *oose to use !m sub/antively2 b c !y gov]n ! possessive case be=e !m1 :ile !y gov]n also ! objective aft] !m1 or :ile !y h a p>ticipial mean+ :i* is qualifi$ by adv]bs8 ,if !y c1 ,l[?1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 are wrong 9 suppos+ ! =ego+ phrases to be ungrammatical1 & 9 tea*+ t ! possessive case be=e a p>ticiple conv]ts x into a n\n2 & if !y _c1 ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 ,hiley1 ,wells1 ,weld1 & o!rs1 are wrong 9 suppos+ t a p>ticiple1 or a phrase beg9n+ ) a p>ticiple1 may prop]ly gov]n ! possessive case4 ,comp>e ,murray's sev5? note "u 8 ,rule #aj?1 ) ! second "u 8 ,rule #ad?4 ,! same contradiction is taught by _m o!r compil]s4 ,see ,smi?'s ,new ,gramm>1 pp4 #aeb & #afb2 ,comly's ,gram41 #ia & #ajh2 ,+]soll's1 #ahj & #aii4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,conc]n+ "o ( ! =ms ( expression :i* ,murray approves & pref]s1 among 8 corrections above1 ! le>n$ doctors ,l[? & ,campbell appe> to h =m$ v diff]5t op9ions4 ,! latt]1 9 ! *apt] :i*1 9 8 ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 he devotes to disput$ po9ts 9 syntax1 says3 ,!re is only "o o!r obs]vation ( ,dr4 ,l[?1 on :i*1 be=e ,i conclude ?is article1 ,i mu/ beg leave to (f] "s rem>ks4 ',phrases l ! foll[+1 ?\gh v common1 are improp]3 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! rule's be+ obs]v$2 & error w be ! consequ5ce ( its be+ neglect$4 ,= "h is a n\n & a pron\n repres5t+ x1 ea* 9 ! possessive case1 t is1 "u ! gov]nm5t ( ano!r n\n1 b )\t o!r n\n to gov]n x3 = be+ obs]v$1 & be+ neglect$1 are n n\ns3 nor c y supply ! place ( ! possessive case by ! preposition ( be=e ! n\n or pron\n4'#cdf ,= my "p1 cont9ues ,campbell1 not)/&+ :at is "h v speci\sly urg$1 ,i am n satisfi$ t !re is any fault 9 ! phrases c5sur$4 ,!y appe> to me to be p]fectly 9 ! idiom ( our tongue1 & su* z on "s occasions c\ld n easily be avoid$1 unless by recurr+ to circumlocution1 an exp$i5t :i* inv>iably t5ds to en]vate ! expression4--,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 ,b4 ii1 ,*4 iv1 p4 #bcd4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,dr4 ,campbell1 if ,i und]/& 8 argum5t1 def5ds ! =ego+ expressions aga9/ ! objections ( ,dr4 ,l[?1 n on ! gr\nd t p>ticiples z su* may gov]n ! possessive case1 b on ! supposition t z ! simple active p>ticiple may become a n\n1 & 9 t "* gov]n ! possessive case1 s may ! passive p>ticiple1 & ) equal propriety1 not)/&+ x consi/s ( two or m words1 :i* mu/ 9 ?is con/ruction be consid]$ z =m+ "o comp\nd n\n4 ,i am n sure t he means to conf9e himself /rictly to ?is latt] gr\nd1 b if he does1 8 position _c be said 9 any respect to contrav5e my rule = ! possessive case4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 agree ) him1 ei!r 9 ! op9ion :i* he (f]s1 or 9 ! negative :i* he attempts to prove4 ,9 view ( ! two examples1 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! rule's be+ obs]v$1 &1 ,mu* dep5ds ^u _! obs]v+ ( ! rule1 he says3 ,n[1 al?\gh ,i all[ bo? ! modes ( expression to be good1 ,i ?9k ! fir/ simpl] & bett] ?an ! second4 ,!n1 d5y+ all faults1 he proce$s3 ,let u consid] :e!r ! =m] be liable to any objections1 :i* d n equally affect ! latt]4 ,b 9 8 argum5t1 he consid]s only ! objections (f]$ by ,l[?1 :i* inde$ he suffici5tly refutes4 ,n[ to me !re appe> to be o!r objections1 :i* are bett] f\nd$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! two s5t5ces are n equival5t 9 mean+2 h5ce ! pref]5ce sugge/$ by ?is critic & o!rs1 is absurd4 ,secondly1 a comp\nd n\n =m$ ( two or ?ree words )\t any hyph51 is at be/ su* an anomaly1 z we ought r to avoid ?an to pref]4 ,if ^! consid]ations d n positively condemn ! =m] con/ruction1 !y ought at lea/ to prev5t x f displac+ ! latt]2 & seldom is ei!r to be pref]r$ to ! regul> n\n1 :i* we c limit by ! article or ! possessive at pleasure3 z1 ,mu* dep5ds on an obs]vance ( ! rule4--,mu* dep5ds on _! obs]vance ( ! rule4 ,n[ ^! two s5t5ces are equival5t to ! two =m]1 b n to ea* o!r2 &1 vice v]sa3 t is1 ! two =m] are equival5t to ^!1 b n to ea* o!r4#cdg ,,obs4 #i4--;,f ,dr4 ,campbell's comm5dation ( ,l[?1 z hav+ giv5 "s excell5t directions = pres]v+ a prop] di/9ction betwe5 ! n\n & ! g]und1--t is1 betwe5 ! p>ticipial n\n & ! p>ticiple1--x is fair to inf] t he meant to pres]ve x himself2 & yet1 9 ! argum5t above m5tion$1 he appe>s to h c>elessly fram$ "o ambigu\s or v errone\s s5t5ce1 f :i*1 z ,i imag9e1 8 views ( ?is matt] h be5 misconceiv$1 & by :i* ,murray & all 8 modifi]s h be5 furni%$ ) an example :]e) to conf\nd ?is di/9ction1 & also to contradict !mselves4 ,! s5t5ce is ?is3 ,mu* w dep5d on y\r pupil's compos+1 b m on 8 read+ frequ5tly4--,philos4 ( ,rhet41 p4 #bce4 ,volumes innum]able h gone abroad1 into our s*ools & else:]e1 :i* pron\nce ?is s5t5ce to be correct & prop]4 ,b aft] all1 :at does x mean8 ,does ! adv]b frequ5tly qualify ! v]b w dep5d express$ 9 ! s5t5ce8 or w dep5d und]/ood aft] m8 or bo?8 or nei!r8 ,or does ?is adv]b qualify ! action ( read+8 or ! action ( compos+8 or bo?8 or nei!r8 ,b compos+ & read+1 if !y are m]e n\ns1 _c prop]ly be qualifi$ by any adv]b2 &1 if !y are call$ p>ticiples1 ! "q recurs respect+ ! possessives4 ,besides1 compos+1 z a p>ticiple1 is commonly transitive2 nor is x v fit = a n\n1 )\t "s adjunct4 ,&1 :5 p>ticiples become n\ns1 _! gov]nm5t 7x is said7 falls ^u (1 & _! adv]bs are usually conv]t$ into adjectives2 z1 ,mu* w dep5d on y\r pupil's compos+ ( !mes2 b m1 on 8 frequ5t read+4 ,?is may n be ! au?or's mean+1 = ! example 0 orig9ally compos$ z a m]e mock s5t5ce1 or by way ( exp]im5t2 & "o may d\bt :e!r its mean+ 0 ev] at all ?\ght ( by ! philosoph]4 ,b1 to make x a respectable example1 "s correction !re mu/ be2 =1 surely1 no man c h any cle> idea to communicate1 :i* he _c bett] express1 ?an by imitat+ ?is loose phraseology4 ,x is sc>cely m correct1 ?an to say1 ,mu* w dep5d on an au?or's us+1 b m on 8 le>n+ frequ5tly4 ,yet is x comm5d$ z a model1 ei!r entire or 9 "p1 by ,murray1 ,+]soll1 ,fisk1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,coop]1 ,l5nie1 ,hiley1 ,bullions1 ,c4 ,adams1 ,a4 ,h4 ,weld1 & ,i "k n h[ _m o!r s*ool critics4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,t s+ul> notion1 s common 9 our gramm>s1 t a p>ticiple & its adjuncts may =m "o "n or sub/antive phrase1 & s gov]n ! possessive case1 :]e x is presum$ ! p>ticiple itself c\ld n1 is an inv5tion wor?y to h be5 always ascrib$ to its true au?or4 ,= ?is doctr9e1 z ,i suppose1 our gramm>ians are indebt$ to ,dr4 ,prie/ley4 ,9 8 gramm> x /&s ?us3 ,:5 an entire clause ( a s5t5ce1 beg9n+ ) a p>ticiple ( ! pres5t t5se1 is us$ z "o "n1 or to express "o idea1 or circum/ance1 ! n\n on :i* x dep5ds may be put 9 ! g5itive case4 ,?us1 in/ead ( say+1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is lady hold+ up h] tra91 i4 e4 :at is ! mean+ ( ! lady 9 hold+ up h] tra91 we may say1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is lady's hold+ up h] tra92 j z we say1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is lady's dress1 c4 ,s we may ei!r say1 ,i rememb] x be+ reckon$ a great exploit2 or1 p]haps m elegantly1 ,i rememb] its be+ reckon$1 c4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,n[1 to say no?+ ( errors 9 punctuation1 capitals1 c41 !re is sc>cely any ?+ 9 all ?is passage1 t is ei!r conceiv$ or word$ prop]ly4 ,yet1 co9+ f a ,doctor ( ,laws1 & ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 x is readily adopt$ by ,murray1 & = 8 sake by o!rs2 & s1 ) all its blund]s1 ! va9 gloss passes unc5sur$ into ! s*ools1 z a rule & model = elegant composition4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley pret5ds to appreciate ! diff]5ce betwe5 p>ticiples & p>ticipial n\ns1 b he r contrives a fanciful di/9ction 9 ! s5se1 ?an a real "o 9 ! con/ruction4 ,8 only note on ?is po9t1--a note ab\t ! horse runn+ to-day1 & ! horse's runn+ to-day1--,i %all leave till we come to ! syntax ( p>ticiples4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,hav+ prep>$ ! read] to und]/& ! orig9 ( :at is to foll[1 ,i n[ cite f ,l4 ,murray's code a p>agraph :i* appe>s to be contradictory to 8 own doctr9e1 z sugge/$ 9 ! fif? obs]vation above2 & n only s1 x is irreconcilable ) any prop] di/9ction betwe5 ! p>ticiple & ! p>ticipial n\n4 ,:5 an entire clause ( a s5t5ce1 beg9n+ ) a p>ticiple ( ! pres5t t5se1 is us$ z "o "n1 or to express "o idea or circum/ance1 ! n\n on :i* x dep5ds may be put 9 ! g5itive case2 ?us1 in/ead ( say+1 ',:at is ! reason ( ?is p]son dismiss+ 8 s]vant s ha/ily8' t is1 ',:at is ! reason ( ?is p]son1 9 dismiss+ 8 s]vant s ha/ily8' we may say1 & p]haps ought to say1 ',:at is ! reason ( ?is p]son's dismiss+ ( 8 s]vant s ha/ily8' ,j z we say1 ',:at is ! reason ( ?is p]son's ha/y dismission ( 8 s]vant8' ,s also1 we say1 ',i rememb] x be+ reckon$ a great exploit2' or m prop]ly1 ',i rememb] its be+ reckon$1' c4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is correct & prop]3 ',mu* w dep5d on ! pupil's compos+1 b m on 8 read+ frequ5tly4' ,x w\ld n be accurate to say1 ',mu* w dep5d on ! pupil compos+4' c4 ,we also prop]ly say2 ',?is w be ! effect ( ! pupil's compos+ frequ5tly2' in/ead (1 ',( ! pupil compos+ frequ5tly4' ,! p>ticiple1 9 su* con/ructions1 does ! (fice ( a sub/antive2 & x %\ld !re=e h a ,,correspond5t ,,regim54--,murray's ,gram41 ,rule #aj?1 ,note #g2 ,+]soll's1 p4 #ahj2 ,fisk's1 #ajh2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #aeb2 ,alg]'s1 #fa2 ,m]*ant's1 #hd4 ,see also ,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #aej2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 #aag4cdh ,,obs4 #ab4--,n[1 if x 7 z easy to prove t a p>ticiple1 z su*1 or 7:at am\nts to ! same ?+7 a phrase beg9n+ ) a p>ticiple1 ought nev] to gov]n ! possessive case1 z x is to %[ t e "p & p>cel ( ! =ego+ citations f ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 is bo? weakly conceiv$ & badly writt51 ,i %\ld nei!r h deta9$ ! read] s long on ?is topic1 nor ev] h plac$ x among ! mo/ puzzl+ po9ts ( gramm>4 ,let x be obs]v$1 t :at ^! writ]s absurdly call an entire ,,clause ( a s5t5ce1 is f\nd on exam9ation to be "s %ort ,,phrase1 ! p>ticiple ) its adjuncts1 or ev5 ! p>ticiple alone1 or ) a s+le adv]b only2 z1 hold+ up h] tra91--dismiss+ 8 s]vant s ha/ily1--compos+1--read+ frequ5tly1--compos+ frequ5tly4 ,& ea* ( ^!1 ) an opposite error z great1 !y w h to be "o "n1 & to convey b "o idea2 suppos+ t by virtue ( ?is imag9>y on5ess1 x may gov]n ! possessive case1 & signify some?+ :i* a lady1 or a p]son1 or a pupil1 may consi/5tly possess4 ,& !n1 to be wrong 9 e ?+1 !y sugge/ t any n\n on :i* su* a p>ticiple1 ) its adjuncts1 dep5ds1 may be put 9 ! g5itive case2 :]eas1 su* a *ange is seldom1 if ev]1 admissible1 & 9 our language1 no p>ticiple ev] c dep5d on any o!r ?an ! nom9ative or ! objective case4 ,e p>ticiple s dep5d+ is an adjunct to ! n\n2 & e possessive1 9 its turn1 is an adjunct to ! ^w :i* gov]ns x4 ,9 respect to con/ruction1 no t]ms diff] m ?an a p>ticiple :i* gov]ns ! possessive case1 & a p>ticiple :i* does n4 ,^! diff]5t con/ructions ! contriv]s ( ! =ego+ rule1 "h take to be equival5t 9 mean+2 :]eas !y else:]e pret5d to f9d 9 !m q diff]5t significations4 ,! mean+ is sometimes v diff]5t1 & sometimes v simil>2 b seldom1 if ev]1 are ! t]ms conv]tible4 ,& ev5 if !y 7 s1 & ! diff]5ce 7 no?+1 w\ld x n be bett] to adh]e1 :]e we c1 to ! analogy ( ,g5]al ,gramm>8 ,9 ,greek & ,lat91 a p>ticiple may agree ) a n\n 9 ! g5itive case2 b1 if we reg>d analogy1 t g5itive mu/ be ,engli%$1 n by ! possessive case1 b by ( & ! objective2 z1 ,greek3 ',epe dokimn ztete to 'en 'emo lalontos ,*ri/o4--,qu&oquidem exp]im5tum quritis 9 me loqu5tis ,*ri/i4--,beza4 ,s9ce ye seek a pro( ( ,*ri/ speak+ 9 me4--#b ,cor41 xiii1 #c4 ,we might "h1 p]haps1 say1 ( ,*ri/'s speak+ 9 me1 b is n ! o!r =m bett]8 ,! ,fr5* v]sion is1 ,puisque v\s *]*ez une preuve que ,*ri/ p>le p> moi2 & ?is1 too1 might be imitat$ 9 ,engli%3 ,s9ce ye seek a pro( t ,*ri/ speaks by me4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,z prepositions v naturally gov]n any ( our p>ticiples except ! simple p]fect1 x und\bt$ly seems agreeable to our idiom n to di/urb ?is gov]nm5t1 :5 we w\ld express ! subject or ag5t ( ! be+1 action1 or passion1 betwe5 ! preposition & ! p>ticiple4 ,h5ce we f9d t ! do] or ! suff]] ( ! action is usually made its possessor1 :5ev] ! s5se does n positively dem& a diff]5t read+4 ,aga9/ ?is con/ruction !re is seldom any objection1 if ! p>ticiple be tak5 entirely z a n\n1 s t x may be call$ a p>ticipial n\n2 z1 ,mu* dep5ds on _! obs]v+ ( ! rule4--,l[?1 ,campbell1 & ,l4 ,murray4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! p>ticiple aft] ! objective is unobjectionable1 if ! n\n or pron\n be ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se2 z1 ,x w\ld be idle to pr(ess an appreh5sion ( s]i\s evil result+ 9 any respect f ! utmo/ publicity be+ giv5 to its cont5ts4--,london ,eclectic ,review1 #ahaf4 ,! foll[+ is a beautiful in/ance ( ! s\nd ( words correspond+ to motion4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #ccc4 ,we %all discov] _m ?+s p>tak+ ( bo? ^? *>act]s4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #ahb4 ,to a p]son foll[+ ! vulg> mode ( omitt+ ! comma4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cfe4 ,b1 9 comp>+ ! diff]5t con/ructions above notic$1 writ]s are frequ5tly puzzl$ to det]m9e1 & frequ5tly too d !y err 9 det]m9+1 :i* ^w %all be made ! adjunct1 & :i* ! lead+ t]m4 ,n[1 :]ev] !re is mu* d\bt :i* ( ! two =ms ought to be pref]r$1 ,i ?9k we may well conclude t bo? are wrong2 especially1 if !re c easily be f\nd = ! idea an o!r expression t is und\bt$ly cle> & correct4 ,examples3 ,^! appe> to be in/ances ( ! pres5t p>ticiple be+ us$ passively4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,^! are examples ( ! pa/ p>ticiple be+ appli$ 9 an active s5se4--,ib41 #fd4 ,we h "s examples ( adv]bs be+ us$ = sub/antives4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acd2 ,murray's1 #aih2 ,+]soll's1 #bjf2 ,fisk's1 #adj2 ,smi?'s1 #afe4 ,by a n\n1 pron\n1 or adjective1 be+ prefix$ to ! sub/antive4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ci2 also ,+]soll's1 ,fisk's1 ,alg]'s1 ,maltby's1 ,m]*ant's1 ,bacon's1 & o!rs4 ,"h1 if _! own rule is good = any ?+1 ^! au?ors ought r to h pref]r$ ! possessive case2 b /rike out ! ^w be+1 :i* is n necess>y to ! s5se1 & all "q ab\t ! con/ruction vani%es4 ,or if any body w ju/ify ^! examples z !y /&1 let him obs]ve t !re are o!rs1 )\t numb]1 to be ju/ifi$ on ! same pr9ciple2 z1 ,mu* dep5ds on ! rule be+ obs]v$4--,mu* w dep5d on ! pupil compos+ frequ5tly4 ,aga93 ,cyrus did n wait = ! ,babylonians com+ to attack him4--,roll91 ii1 #hf4 ,cyrus did n wait = ! ,babylonians' com+ to attack him4 ,t is--= _! com+1 & n1 = !m com+2 b mu* bett] ?an ei!r3 ,cyrus did n wait = ! ,babylonians to come & attack him4 ,aga93 ,to prev5t 8 army's be+ enclos$ & hemm$ 94--,roll91 ii1 #hi4 ,to prev5t 8 army be+ enclos$ & hemm$ 94 ,bo? are wrong4 ,say1 ,to prev5t 8 army f be+ enclos$ & hemm$ 94 ,aga93 ,z a sign ( ,god's fulfill+ ! promise4--,roll91 ii1 #bc4 ,z a sign ( ,god fulfill+ ! promise4 ,bo? are objectionable4 ,say1 ,z a sign t ,god w\ld fulfill ! promise4 ,aga93 ,!re is affirmative evid5ce = ,moses's be+ ! au?or ( ^! books4--,bp4 ,watson's ,apology1 p4 #bh4 ,! fir/ argum5t y produce aga9/ ,moses be+ ! au?or ( ^! books4--,ib41 p4 #bi4 ,bo? are bad4 ,say1--= ,moses z be+ ! au?or1--aga9/ ,moses z be+ ! au?or1 c4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,n[1 al?\gh ?\s&s ( s5t5ces might easily be quot$1 9 :i* ! possessive case is actually gov]n$ by a p>ticiple1 & t p>ticiple n tak5 9 e respect z a n\n2 yet ,i imag9e1 !re are1 ( ?is k9d1 few examples1 if any1 ! mean+ ( :i* might n be bett] express$ 9 "s o!r way4 ,!re are surely none among all ! examples :i* are pres5t$ by ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 "u _! rule above4 ,nor w\ld a ?\s& su* z are !re giv51 am\nt to any pro( ( ! rule4 ,!y are all ( !m unreal or feign$ s5t5ces1 made up = ! occasion1 &1 l mo/ o!rs t are produc$ 9 ! same way1 made up badly--made up aft] "s ungrammatical model4 ,if a g5tleman c\ld possibly dem& a lady's mean+ 9 su* an act z ! hold+-up ( h] tra91 he c]ta9ly w\ld use none ( ,prie/ley's ?ree que/ions1 :i*1 ) su* ridicul\s & un9/ructive p$antry1 are repeat$ & exp\nd$ by ,la?am1 9 8 ,h&-,book1 #dha2 b w\ld probably say1 ,madam1 :at d y mean by hold+ up y\r tra98 ,x 0 folly = ! doctor to ask an o!r p]son1 z if an o!r c\ld guess h] mean+ bett] ?an he4 ,! text ) ! possessive is !re=e n to be correct$ by ins]t+ a hyph5 & an (1 aft] ,murray's doctr9e be=e cit$2 z1 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is lady's hold+-up ( h] tra98 ,murray did well to reject ?is example1 b z a specim5 ( ,engli%1 8 own is no bett]4 ,! "q :i* he asks1 ought to h be51 ,:y did ?is p]son dismiss 8 s]vant s ha/ily8 ,fisk has x 9 ! foll[+ =m3 ,:at is ! reason ( ?is p]son's dismiss+ 8 s]vant s ha/ily8--,engli% ,gramm> ,simplifi$1 p4 #ajh4 ,?is am5d] ( gramm>s omits ! ( :i* ,murray & o!rs scrupul\sly ins]t to gov]n ! n\n s]vant1 & boldly av[s at once1 :at _! rule implies1 t1 ,p>ticiples are sometimes us$ bo? z v]bs & z n\ns at ! same "t2 z1 ',by ! m9d's *ang+ ! object1' c4--,ib41 p4 #acd2 s ,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,b he errs z mu* z !y1 & contradicts bo? himself & !m4 ,= "o ought r to say1 ,by ! m9d's *ang+ ( ! object2 else *ang+1 :i* does ! (fice ( a n\n1 has n truly a correspond5t regim54 ,yet ( is useless aft] dismiss+1 unless we take away ! adv]b by :i* ! p>ticiple is prev5t$ f becom+ a n\n4 ,dismiss+ ( 8 s]vant s ha/ily1 is 9 itself an ungrammatical phrase2 & no?+ b to omit ei!r ! preposition1 or ! two adv]bs1 c possibly make x "r4 ,)\t ! latt]1 x may foll[ ! possessive2 b )\t ! =m]1 our mo/ approv$ gramm>s say x _c4 ,"s critics1 h[ev]1 object to ! (1 because ! dismiss+ is n ! s]vant's act2 b ?is1 z ,i %all h]eaft] %[1 is no valid objection3 !y /ickle = a false rule4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,?us ^! au?ors1 diff]+ f "o an o!r z !y d1 & ea* contradict+ himself & "s ( ! re/1 are1 z x w\ld seem1 all wrong 9 respect to ! :ole matt] at issue4 ,= :e!r ! phrase 9 "q be l ,prie/ley's1 or l ,murray's1 or l ,fisk's1 x is /ill1 accord+ to ! be/ au?orities1 unfit to gov]n ! possessive case2 because1 9 /ead ( be+ a sub/antive1 x is some?+ m ?an a p>ticiple1 & yet !y take x sub/antively4 ,!y =m ?is phrase 9 _m diff]5t fa%ions1 & yet ea* man ( !m pret5ds t :at he approves1 is j l ! con/ruction ( a regul> n\n3 ,j z we say1 ',:at is ! reason ( ?is p]son's ha/y dismission ( 8 s]vant4'--,murray1 ,fisk1 & o!rs4 ,j z we say1 ',:at is ! mean+ ( ?is lady's dress1' c4--,prie/ley4 ,! mean+ ( a lady's dress1 =soo?6 ,! illu/ration is wor?y ( ! doctr9e taught4 ,an entire clause ( a s5t5ce sub/antively possess$1 is suffici5tly l ! mean+ ( a lady's dress1 c4 ,cobbett despis$ &s(or?s1 = _! lack ( mean+2 & ,i f9d none 9 ?is "o1 unless x be1 ( t9sel & ( fu/ian4 ,?is gloss !re=e ,i :olly disapprove1 judg+ ! position m t5able1 to d5y1 if we consequ5tly mu/1 t ei!r a phrase or a p>ticiple1 z su*1 c consi/5tly gov]n ! possessive case4 ,= :atev] ^w or t]m gives rise to ! direct relation ( prop]ty1 & is rightly made to gov]n ! possessive case1 ought 9 reason to be a n\n--ought to be ! "n ( "s sub/ance1 quality1 /ate1 action1 passion1 be+1 or ?+4 ,:5 !re=e o!r p>ts ( spee* assume ?is relation1 !y naturally become n\ns2 z1 ,aga9/ ! day ( my bury+4--,john1 xii1 #g4 ,till ! day ( 8 %[+ unto ,israel4--,luke1 i1 #hj4 ,by my own %[+4--,c[p]1 ,life1 p4 #bb4 ,by a =tune ( my own gett+4--,ib4 ,let y\r yea be yea1 & y\r nay nay4--,james1 v1 #ab4 ,prate ( my :]eab\t4--,%ah4 ,,obs4 #af4--,! gov]nm5t ( possessives by entire clauses or sub/antive phrases1 z !y are sometimes call$1 ,i am p]suad$1 may be/ be dispos$ (1 9 almo/ e in/ance1 by *>g+ ! con/ruction ) impropriety or awkw>dness1 & sub/itut+ = x "s bett] phraseology4 ,= example1 our gramm>s ab\nd ) s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 & call !m good ,engli%3 7#a47 ,s we may ei!r say1 ',i rememb] x be+ reckon$ a great exploit2' or p]haps m elegantly1 ',i rememb] its be+ reckon$ a great exploit4'--,prie/ley1 ,murray1 & o!rs4 ,"h bo? modes are wrong2 ! latt]1 especially2 because x violates a g5]al rule ( syntax1 9 reg>d to ! case ( ! n\n exploit4 ,say1 ,i rememb] x 0 reckon$ a great exploit4 ,aga93 7#b47 ,we also prop]ly say1 ',?is w be ! effect ( ! pupil's compos+ frequ5tly4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agi2 & o!rs4 ,bett]1 ,?is w be ! effect1 if ! pupil compose frequ5tly4 ,b ?is s5t5ce is fictiti\s1 & "o may d\bt :e!r good au?ors c be f\nd :o use compose or compos+ z be+ intransitive4 7#c47 ,:at c be ! reason ( ! committee's hav+ delay$ ?is bus9ess8--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bbc4 ,say1 ,:y h ! committee delay$ ?is bus9ess8 7#d47 ,:at c be ! cause ( ! p>liam5t's neglect+ s important a bus9ess8--,ib41 p4 #aie4 ,say1 ,:y does ! p>liam5t neglect s important a bus9ess8 7#e47 ,! "t ( ,william's mak+ ! exp]im5t1 at l5g? arriv$4--,ib41 p4 #aie4 ,say1 ,! "t = ,william to make ! exp]im5t1 at l5g? arriv$4 7#f47 ,i hope ?is is ! la/ "t ( my act+ s imprud5tly4--,ib41 p4 #bfc4 ,say1 ,i hope ,i %all nev] aga9 act s imprud5tly4 7#g47 ,if ,i 7 to give a reason = _! look+ s well1 x w\ld be1 t !y rise e>ly4--,ib41 p4 #bfc4 ,say1 ,i %\ld attribute _! heal?ful appe>ance to _! e>ly ris+4 7#h47 ,! tutor said1 t dilig5ce & application to /udy 7 necess>y to our becom+ good s*ol>s4--,coop]'s ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,"h is an anomaly 9 ! con/ruction ( ! n\n s*ol>s4 ,say1 ,! tutor said1 t dilig5t application to /udy 0 necess>y to our success 9 le>n+4 7#i47 ,! reason ( 8 hav+ act$ 9 ! mann] he did1 0 n fully expla9$4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bfc4 ,?is au?or has a v s+ul> mode ( giv+ ,,/r5g? to weak s5t5ces4 ,! faulty text "h 04 ,! reason :y he act$ 9 ! mann] he did1 0 n fully expla9$4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #aca4 ,?is is mu* bett] ?an ! o!r1 b ,i %\ld *oose to say4 ,! reason ( 8 conduct 0 n fully expla9$4 ,=1 surely1 ! "o idea or circum/ance ( 8 hav+ act$ 9 ! mann] 9 :i* he did act1 may be q z =cibly nam$ by ! "o ^w conduct1 z by all ?is v]biage1 ?is sub/antive phrase1 or entire clause1 ( su* cumbr\s l5g?4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! =ego+ obs]vations t5d to %[1 t ! gov]nm5t ( possessives by p>ticiples1 is 9 g5]al a con/ruction little to be comm5d$1 if at all all[$4 ,i ?us n>r[ d[n ! application ( ! pr9ciple1 b d n h]eby det]m9e x to be altoge!r wrong4 ,!re are o!r argum5ts1 bo? = & aga9/ ! doctr9e1 :i* mu/ be tak5 into ! acc\nt1 be=e we c fully decide ! "q4 ,! d\ble con/ruction :i* may be giv5 to inf9itive v]bs2 ! ,greek idiom :i* all[s to su* v]bs an article be=e !m & an objective aft] !m2 ! mix$ "* ( ! ,lat9 g]und1 "p n\n1 "p v]b2 ! use or sub/itution ( ! p>ticiple 9 ,engli% = ! g]und 9 ,lat92--all ^! af=d s _m reasons by analogy1 = all[+ t our p>ticiple--except x be ! p]fect--s9ce x p>ticipates ! prop]ties ( a v]b & a n\n1 z well z ^? ( a v]b & an adjective1 may unite 9 itself a d\ble con/ruction1 & be tak5 sub/antively 9 "o relation1 & p>ticipially 9 an o!r4 ,accord+ly "s gramm>ians s def9e x2 & _m writ]s s use x2 bo? p>ties disreg>d+ ! di/9ction betwe5 ! p>ticiple & ! p>ticipial n\n1 & ju/ify+ ! con/ruction ( ! =m]1 n only z a prop] p>ticiple aft] its n\n1 & z a g]undive aft] its preposition2 n only z a p>ticipial adjective be=e its n\n1 & z a p>ticipial n\n1 9 ! regul> syntax ( a n\n2 b also z a mix$ t]m1 9 ! d\ble "* ( n\n & p>ticiple at once4 ,nor are ^! its only uses2 =1 aft] an auxili>y1 x is ! ma9 v]b2 & 9 a few in/ances1 x passes into a preposition1 an adv]b1 or some?+ else4 ,?us h we f ! v]b a s+le d]ivative1 :i* fairly ranks ) ab\t half ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & takes di/9ct con/ructions ev5 m num]\s2 & yet ^! au?ors scruple n to make ( x a hybrid\s ?+1 nei!r p>ticiple nor n\n1 b con/ructively bo?4 ,b ?is1 says ,l[?1 is inconsi/5t2 let x be ei!r ! "o or ! o!r1 & abide by its prop] con/ruction4--,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,& s say ,i--z ass]t+ ! g5]al pr9ciple1 & leav+ ! read] to judge ( its exceptions4 ,because1 )\t ?is mongrel "*1 ! p>ticiple 9 our language has a multiplicity ( uses unp>allel$ 9 any o!r2 & because x seldom happ5s t ! idea int5d$ by ?is d\ble con/ruction may n be o!rwise express$ m elegantly4 ,b if x sometimes seem prop] t ! g]undive p>ticiple %\ld be all[$ to gov]n ! possessive case1 no exception to my rule is ne$$ = ! p>s+ ( su* possessive2 because :atev] is inve/$ ) su* gov]nm5t1 :e!r rightly or wrongly1 is assum$ z ! "n ( some?+ possess$4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,! read] may h obs]v$1 t 9 ! use ( p>ticipial n\ns1 ! di/9ction ( voice 9 ! p>ticiple is sometimes disreg>d$4 ,?us1 ,aga9/ ! day ( my bury+1 means1 ,aga9/ ! day ( my be+ buri$4 ,b 9 ?is in/ance ! usual n\n burial or fun]al w\ld h be5 bett] ?an ei!r3 ,aga9/ ! day ( my burial4 ,i4 e41 ,9 diem fun]ationis me4--,beza4 ,9 diem sepultur me4--,leusd54 ,greek3 ',eis tn hmran to entaphiasmo m\4--,john1 xii1 #g4 ,9 an o!r text1 ?is n\n is v prop]ly us$ = ! ,greek inf9itive1 & ! ,lat9 g]und2 z1 ,= my burial4--,matt41 xxvi1 #ab4 ,ad fun]&um me4--,beza4 ,ad sepeli5dum me4--,leusd54 ,lit]ally3 ,= bury+ me4 ,greek3 ,prs t entaphisai me4 ,ne>ly3 ,= to h me buri$4 ,n all t is all[able1 is comm5dable2 & if ei!r ( ! uncomp\nd$ t]ms be f\nd a fit sub/itute = ! comp\nd p>ticipial n\n1 x is bett] to disp5se ) ! latt]1 on acc\nt ( its dissimil>ity to o!r n\ns3 z1 ,:i* only proce$ ^u ! "q's be+ begg$4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #cfa4 ,bett]1 ,:i* only proce$ ^u a begg+ ( ! "q4 ,! k+'s hav+ conqu]$ 9 ! battle1 e/abli%$ 8 ?rone4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abh4 ,bett]1 ,! k+'s conqu]+ 9 ! battle2 =1 9 ! p>ticipial n\n1 ! di/9ction ( t5se1 or ( previ\s completion1 is z ne$less z t ( voice4 ,! fleet's hav+ sail$ prev5t$ mut9y4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,bett]1 ,! sail+ ( ! fleet1--or1 ,! fleet's sail+ c4 ,! pr9ce's be+ murd]$ excit$ _! pity4--,ibid4 ,bett]1 ,! pr9ce's murd] excit$ _! indignation4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,9 "s in/ances1 z x appe>s1 n a little difficulty is exp]i5c$ by our gramm>ians1 respect+ ! addition or ! omission ( ! possessive sign1 ! t]m9ational apo/rophic s1 :i* 9 n\ns is ! ord9>y index ( ! possessive case4 ,let x be rememb]$ t e possessive is gov]n$1 or ought to be gov]n$1 by "s n\n express$ or und]/ood1 except su* z 7)\t ! possessive sign7 are put 9 apposition ) o!rs s gov]n$2 & = e possessive t]m9ation !re mu/ be a sep>ate gov]n+ ^w1 :i*1 if x is n express$1 is %[n by ! possessive sign to be und]/ood4 ,! possessive sign itself may & mu/ be omitt$ 9 c]ta9 cases2 b1 because x c nev] be ins]t$ or disc>d$ )\t sugge/+ or disc>d+ a gov]n+ n\n1 x is nev] omitt$ by ellipsis1 z ,bu*anan1 ,murray1 ,nixon1 & _m o!rs1 errone\sly tea*4 ,! f\r l9es ( ,note #b;d bel[1 are suffici5t to %[1 9 e in/ance1 :5 x mu/ be us$1 & :5 omitt$2 b ,murray1 aft] z _m octavo pages on ! po9t1 /ill leaves x p]plex$ & undet]m9$4 ,if a p]son kn[s :at he means to say1 let him express x accord+ to ! ,note1 & he w n fail to use j z _m apo/rophes & ,esses z he ought4 ,h[ absurd !n is t common doctr9e ( ignorance1 :i* ,nixon has ga!r$ f ,all5 & ,murray1 8 *ief oracles6 ,if sev]al n\ns 9 ! g5itive case1 are imm$iately connect$ by a conjunction1 ! apo/rophic s is annex$ to ! la/1 b und]/ood to ! re/2 z1 ,nei!r ,john 7i4 e4 ,john's7 nor ,eliza's books4--,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #aae4 ,! au?or gives fifte5 o!r examples l ?is1 all ( !m bad ,engli%1 or at any rate1 n adapt$ to ! s5se :i* he int5ds6 ,,obs4 #bj4--,! possessive case g5]ally comes imm$iately be=e ! gov]n+ n\n1 express$ or und]/ood2 z1 ,all nature's diff]5ce keeps all nature's peace4--,pope4 ,lady6 be ?9e 7i4 e41 ?y walk7 ! ,*ri/ian's walk4--,*r4 ,obs]v]4 ,"s ( s*ylus's plays & ,euripides's plays are op5$ 9 ?is mann]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dei4 ,& 9 ?is ord] "o possessive sometimes gov]ns an o!r3 z1 ,pet]'s wife's "m2--,paul's si/]'s son4--,bible4 ,b1 to ?is g5]al pr9ciple ( arrangem5t1 !re are "s exceptions3 z1 #a4 ,:5 ! gov]n+ n\n has an adjective1 ?is may int]v5e2 z1 ,flora's e>lie/ smells4--,milton4 ,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce4--,id4 ,9 ! foll[+ phrase f ! ,spectator1 ,( ,w's la/ night's lecture1 x is n v cle>1 :e!r ,w's is gov]n$ by night's or by lecture2 yet x violates a g5]al pr9ciple ( our gramm>1 to suppose ! latt]2 because1 on ?is supposition1 two possessives1 ea* hav+ ! sign1 w be gov]n$ by "o n\n4 #b4 ,:5 ! possessive is affirm$ or d5i$2 z1 ,! book is m9e1 & n ,john's4 ,b "h ! gov]n+ n\n may be suppli$ 9 its prop] place2 &1 9 "s su* in/ances1 x mu/ be1 else a pron\n or ! v]b w be ! only gov]n+ ^w3 z1 ,ye are ,*ri/'s disciples1 or p2 & ,*ri/ is ,god's son4--,/4 ,paul4 ,:e!r ?is phraseology is ?us elliptical or n1 is que/ionable4 ,see ,obs4 #d?1 9 ?is s]ies4 #c4 ,:5 ! case occurs )\t ! sign1 ei!r by apposition or by connexion2 z1 ,9 h] bro!r ,absalom's h\se4--,bible4 ,david & ,jona?an's fri5d%ip4--,all54 ,adam & ,eve's morn+ hymn4--,dr4 ,a%4 ,behold ! heav51 & ! heav5 ( heav5s1 is ! ,"l's ?y ,god4--,deut411 x1 #ad4 ,= peace & quiet's sake4--,c[p]4 ,to ! beg9n+ ( ,k+ ,james ! ,fir/'s reign4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #cb4 ,,obs4 #ba--,! possessive case is 9 g5]al 7?\gh n always7 equival5t to ! preposition ( & ! objective2 z1 ,( ,judas ,isc>iot1 ,simon's son4--,john1 xiii1 #b4 ,to ,judas ,isc>iot1 ! son ( ,simon4--,ib41 xiii1 #bf4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is "o-sid$ equival5ce1 _m gramm>ians errone\sly reckon ! latt] to be a g5itive case z well z ! =m]4 ,b !y ought to rememb]1 t ! preposition is us$ m frequ5tly ?an ! possessive1 & 9 a v>iety ( s5ses t _c be int]pret$ by ?is case2 z1 ,( "s ( ! books ( ea* ( ^! classes ( lit]ature1 a catalogue w be giv5 at ! end ( ! "w4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,murray calls ?is a labori\s mode ( expression1 & d\btless x might be a little improv$ by sub/itut+ 9 = ! ?ird (2 b my argum5t is1 t ! mean+ convey$ _c be express$ by possessives4 ,! notion t ( =ms a g5itive case1 l$ ,prie/ley to sugge/1 t our language admits a d\ble g5itive2 z1 ,?is book ( my fri5d's4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,x is a discov]y ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton's4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,?is exactness ( 84--,,/]ne3 ib4 ,! doctr9e has s9ce pass$ into ne>ly all our gramm>s2 yet is !re no d\ble case "h1 z ,i %all pres5tly %[4 ,,obs4 #bb4--,:]e ! gov]n+ n\n _c be easily mi/ak51 x is (t5 omitt$ by ellipsis3 z1 ,at ! ald]man's h\se2--,/4 ,paul's *ur*2--,a book ( my bro!r's books2--,a subject ( ! emp]or's subjects2--,a fri5d ( m9e2 i4 e41 "o ( my fri5ds4 ,%all we say t ,sacrific+ 0 a pure inv5tion ( ,adam's1 or ( ,ca9 or ,abel's8--,leslie1 on ,ty!s1 p4 #ic4 ,t is--( ,adam's inv5tions1 or ( ,ca9 or ,abel's inv5tions4 ,! ,rev4 ,david ,blair1 unable to resolve ?is phraseology to 8 own satisfaction1 absurdly sets x d[n among :at he calls ,,errone\s ,,or ,,vulg> ,,phrases4 ,8 examples are ^!3 ,a poem ( ,pope's2--,a soldi] ( ! k+'s2--,t is a horse ( my fa!r's4--,blair's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,he ought to h suppli$ ! plural n\ns1 poems1 soldi]s1 horses4 ,?is is ! true explanation ( all ! d\ble g5itives :i* our gramm>ians discov]2 = :5 ! fir/ n\n is p>titive1 x naturally sugge/s m or o!r ?+s ( ! same k9d1 belong+ to ?is possessor2 & :5 su* is n ! mean+1 ?is con/ruction is improp]4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! n\n eyes is und]/ood aft] 83 ,ev'n 81 ! w>rior's eyes1 7 =c$ to yield1 ,t saw1 )\t a te>1 ,ph>salia's field4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 viii1 l4 #add4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,:5 two or m n\ns ( ! possessive =m are 9 any way connect$1 !y usually ref] to ?+s individually diff]5t b ( ! same "n2 & :5 su* is ! mean+1 ! gov]n+ n\n1 :i* we always suppress some:]e to avoid tautology1 is und]/ood :]ev] ! sign is add$ )\t x2 z1 ,a fa!r's or "m's si/] is an aunt4--,dr4 ,web/]4 ,t is1 ,a fa!r's si/] or a "m's si/] is an aunt4 ,9 ! same commemorative acts ( ! s5ate1 7 ?y "n1 ?y fa!r's1 ?y bro!r's1 & ! emp]or's4--,z5obia1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bca4 ,f ,/iles's pocket into ,nokes's pocket4 --,hudibras1 ,b4 iii1 ,c4 iii1 l4 #gae4 ,add ,nature's1 ,cu/om's1 ,reason's1 ,passion's /rife4 --,pope1 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 vi1 p4 #chc4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 all ^! examples ! gov]n+ n\n is s+ul>2 &1 c]ta9ly1 x mu/ be s1 if1 ) m ?an "o possessive sign1 we mean to repres5t ea* possessor z hav+ or possess+ b "o object4 ,if ! n\n be made plural :]e x is express$1 x w also be plural :]e x is impli$4 ,x is good ,engli% to say1 ,a fa!r's or "m's si/]s are aunts2 b ! mean+ is1 ,a fa!r's si/]s or a "m's si/]s are aunts4 ,b a rec5t s*ool critic tea*es diff]5tly1 ?us3 ,:5 diff]5t ?+s ( ! same "n belong to diff]5t possessors1 ! sign %\ld be annex$ to ea*2 z1 ,adams's1 ,davies's1 & ,p]k9s' ,ari?metics2 i4 e41 ?ree diff]5t books4--,sp5c]'s ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,"h ! example is fictiti\s1 & has almo/ z _m errors z words4 ,x w\ld be mu* bett] ,engli% to say1 ,adams's1 ,davies's1 & ,p]k9s's ,ari?metic2 ?\gh ! objective =m ) ( w\ld1 p]haps1 be /ill m agreeable = ^! peculi> names4 ,sp5c]1 ^: ,gramm> ab\nds ) useless repetitions1 repeats 8 note else:]e1 ) ! foll[+ illu/rations3 ,e4 g4 ,olm/ead's & ,com/ock's ,philosophies4 ,g\ld's ,adam's ,lat9 ,gramm>4--,ib41 p4 #ajf4 ,! latt] example is no bett] suit$ to 8 text1 ?an ,pet]'s wife's "m2 & ! =m] is fit only to mean1 ,olm/ead's ,philosophies & ,com/ock's ,philosophies4 ,to speak ( ! two books only1 say1 ,olm/ead's ,philosophy & ,com/ock's4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,! possessive sign is sometimes annex$ to t "p ( a comp\nd "n1 :i* is1 ( itself1 9 ! objective case2 z1 ,at 8 fa!r-9-law's resid5ce4 ,"h1 ,at ! resid5ce ( 8 fa!r-9-law1 w\ld be q z agreeable2 &1 z = ! plural1 "o w\ld h>dly ?9k ( say+1 ,m5's w$d+ p>ties are usually held at _! fa!rs-9-law's h\ses4 ,:5 ! comp\nd is =m$ ) (1 to prev5t a repetition ( ?is p>ticle1 ! possessive sign is sometimes add$ z above2 & yet ! hyph5 is n commonly ins]t$ 9 ! phrase1 z ,i ?9k x ought to be4 ,examples3 ,! duke ( ,bridgewat]'s canal2--,! bi%op ( ,l&aff's excell5t book2--,! ,"l mayor ( ,london's au?ority2--,! capta9 ( ! gu>d's h\se4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,! ,bi%op ( ,cambray's writ+s on eloqu5ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cde4 ,! b>d ( ,lomond's lay is done4--,que5's ,wake1 p4 #ii4 ,= ! k+dom ( ,god's sake4--,luke1 xviii1 #bi4 ,( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel's half4--,numb]s1 xxxi1 #cj4 ,f ^! examples x w\ld seem1 t ! possessive sign has a less intimate alliance ) ! possessive case1 ?an ) ! gov]n+ n\n2 or1 at any rate1 a dep5d5ce less close ?an t ( ! objective n\n :i* "h assumes x4 ,& s9ce ! two n\ns "h s intimately jo9$ by (1 _c be expla9$ sep>ately z =m+ two cases1 b mu/ be p>s$ toge!r z "o "n gov]n$ 9 ! usual way1 ,i %\ld ei!r adopt "s o!r phraseology1 or write ! comp\nd t]ms ) hyph5s1 ?us3 ,! ,duke-(-,bridgewat]'s canal2--,! ,bi%op-(-,l&aff's excell5t book2--,! ,b>d-(- ,lomond's lay is done4 ,b !re is commonly "s bett] mode ( correct+ su* phrases4 ,) def]5ce to ,murray & o!rs1 ,! ,k+ ( ,great ,brita9's pr]ogative1 #cdi is b an unt[>d way ( say+1 ,! pr]ogative ( ! ,briti% ,k+2 &1 ,! ,"l mayor ( ,london's au?ority1 may q z well be writt51 ,! au?ority ( ,london's ,"l ,mayor4 ,blair1 :o = brevity robs ! ,ar*bi%op ( half 8 title1 might z well h said1 ,f5elon's writ+s on eloqu5ce4 ,propt] regnum ,dei1 might h be5 r5d]$1 ,= ! k+dom ( ,god2--,= ! sake ( ! k+dom ( ,god2--or1 ,= ! sake ( ,god's k+dom4 ,& 9 lieu ( ! o!r text1 we might say1 ,( ! ,israelites' half4 ,,obs4 #be4--,little explanatory circum/ances1 says ,prie/ley1 are p>ticul>ly awkw>d betwe5 ! g5itive case1 & ! ^w :i* usually foll[s x2 z1 ',%e began to extol ! f>m]'s1 z %e call$ him1 excell5t und]/&+4' ,h>riet ,watson1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bg4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p #agd4 ,murray assumes ?is rem>k1 & adds respect+ ! example1 ,x ought to be1 '! excell5t und]/&+ ( ! f>m]1 z %e call$ him4' --,murray's ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,int]s]tions ( ?is k9d are z uncommon z !y are unc\?4 ,murray1 x seems1 f\nd none = 8 ,ex]cises1 b made up a c\ple to suit 8 purpose4 ,! foll[+ might h answ]$ z well = an o!r3 ,monsieur ,d'aci] obs]ves1 t ,z5o's 7! ,f\nd] ( ! ,sect17 op9ion 0 ,fair & ,def5sible 9 ^! ,po9ts4--,colli]s ,anton9us1 p4 ii4 ,,obs4 #bf4--;,x is s usual a practice 9 our language1 to put ! possessive sign always & only :]e ! two t]ms ( ! possessive relation meet1 t ?is end+ is liable to be add$ to any adjunct :i* c be tak5 z a "p ( ! =m] n\n or "n2 z1 7#a47 ,! c\rt-m>tial's viol5t proce$+s4 ,"h ! plural w\ld be c\rts-m>tial2 b ! possessive sign mu/ be at ! end4 7#b47 ,9 ,h5ry ! ,eigh?'s "t4--,walk]'s ,key1 ,introd41 p4 #aa4 ,?is phrase c be ju/ifi$ only by suppos+ ! adjective a "p ( ! "n4 ,bett]1 ,9 ! "t ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh?4 7#c47 ,& /r5g!n$ ) a ye> or two's age4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #f4 ,"h two's is put = two ye>s2 &1 ,i ?9k1 improp]ly2 because ! sign is su* z suits ! =m] n\n1 & n ! plural4 ,bett]1 ,& /r5g!n$ ) a ye>'s age or m4 ,! ^w two h[ev] is decl9able z a n\n1 & possibly x may be s tak5 9 ,locke's phrase4 7#d47 ,?is rule is (t5 infr+$1 by ! case absolute's n be+ prop]ly di/+ui%$ f c]ta9 =ms ( expression app>5tly simil> to x4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aee2 ,fisk's1 #aac2 ,+]soll's1 #baj4 ,"h ! possessive sign1 be+ app5d$ to a di/9ct adjective1 & foll[$ by no?+ t c be call$ a n\n1 is employ$ z absurdly z x well c be4 ,say1 ,?is rule is (t5 infr+$ by an improp] use ( ! nom9ative absolute2 = ?is is precisely :at ^! au?ors mean4 7#e47 ,! p>ticiple is di/+ui%$ f ! adjective by ! =m]'s express+ ! idea ( "t1 & ! latt]'s d5ot+ only a quality--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fe2 ,fisk's1 #hb2 ,+]soll's1 #de2 ,emmons's1 #fd2 ,alg]'s1 #bh4 ,?is is liable to ne>ly ! same objections4 ,say1 ,! p>ticiple diff]s f an adjective by express+ ! idea ( "t1 :]eas ! adjective d5otes only a quality4 7#f47 ,! relatives t & z diff] f :o & :i* 9 ! =m]'s n be+ imm$iately jo9$ to ! gov]n+ ^w4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #adj4 ,?is is /ill worse1 because =m]'s1 :i* is l a s+ul> n\n1 has "h a plural mean+2 namely1 9 ! =m] t]ms' n be+1 c4 ,say--9 t ! =m] nev] foll[ ! gov]n+ ^w4 ,,obs4 #bg4--,! possessive t]m9ation is s f> f be+ liable to suppression by ellipsis1 agreeably to ! nons5se ( ^? int]pret]s :o w h x to be und]/ood :]ev] ! case occurs )\t x1 t on ! contr>y x is sometimes reta9$ :]e !re is an actual suppression ( ! n\n to :i* x belongs4 ,?is appe>s to be ! case :5ev] ! pronom9al adjectives =m] & latt] are inflect$1 z above4 ,! inflection ( ^!1 h[ev]1 seems to be ne$less1 & may well be reckon$ improp]4 ,b1 9 ! foll[+ l9e1 ! adjective elegantly takes ! sign2 because !re is an ellipsis ( bo? n\ns2 poor's be+ put = poor man's1 & ! gov]n+ n\n joys be+ und]/ood aft] x3 ,! ri* man's joys increase1 ! poor's decay4--,goldsmi?4 ,s1 9 ! foll[+ example1 guilty's is put = guilty p]son's3 ,yet1 wise & righte\s ev]1 scorns to he> ,! fool's fond wi%es1 or ! guilty's pray]4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 v1 l4 #aee4 ,?is is a poetical lic5se2 & o!rs ( a l nature are sometimes met )4 ,our poets use ! possessive case mu* m frequ5tly ?an prose writ]s1 & occasionally inflect words t are altoge!r inv>iable 9 prose2 z1 ,eag] t la/ great *ance ( w> he waits1 ,:]e ei!r's fall det]m9es bo? _! fates4 --,ibid41 ,b4 vi1 l4 #ac4 ,,obs4 #bh4--,to avoid a concurr5ce ( hiss+ s\nds1 ! s ( ! possessive s+ul> is sometimes omitt$1 & ! apo/rophe alone reta9$ to m>k ! case3 z1 ,= consci5ce' sake4--,bible4 ,moses' m9i/]4--,ib4 ,felix' room4--,ib4 ,a*illes' wra?4--,pope4 ,%iraz' walls4--,coll9s4 ,epicurus' /y4--,beattie4 ,d\glas' daught]4--,scott4 ,= ,d\glas' sake4--,ib4 ,to 8 mi/ress' eyebr[4--,%ak4 ,?is is a sort ( poetic lic5se1 z is sugge/$ 9 ! #af? ,obs]vation ^u ! ,cases ( ,n\ns1 9 ! ,etymology4 ,b 9 prose ! elision %\ld be v sp>+ly indulg$2 x is 9 g5]al less agreeable1 z well z less prop]1 ?an ! regul> =m4 ,:]e is ! propriety ( say+1 ,hicks' ,s]mons1 ,b>nes' ,notes1 ,kames' ,elem5ts1 ,adams' ,lectures1 ,josephus' ,works1 :ile we s uni=mly say1 9 ,*>les's reign1 ,/4 ,james's ,palace1 & ! l8 ,! foll[+ examples are "r3 ,at ,we/m9/] & ,hicks's ,hall4--,hudibras4 ,"l ,kames's ,elem5ts ( ,criticism4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cca4 ,( ,rub5s's allegorical pictures4--,hazlitt4 ,) respect to ,burns's e>ly education4--,dugald ,/ew>t4 ,isocrates's pomp2--,demo/h5es's life4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdb4 ,! repose ( ,epicurus's gods4--,wilson's ,heb4 ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,to ,d\glas's obscure abode4--,scott1 ,l4 ,l41 ,c4 iii1 /4 #bh4 ,su* 0 ! ,d\glas's comm&4--,id41 ib41 ,c4 ii1 /4 #cf4 ,,obs4 #bi4--,"s ( our gramm>ians1 draw+ broad conclusions f a few p>ticul> examples1 falsely tea* z foll[s3 ,:5 a s+ul> n\n ends 9 ss1 ! apo/rophe only is add$2 z1 ',= goodness' sake3' except ! ^w witness2 z1 ',! witness's te/imony4' ,:5 a n\n 9 ! possessive case ends 9 ence1 ! s is omitt$1 b ! apo/rophe is reta9$2 z1 ',= consci5ce' sake4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #di2 ,haml9's1 #af2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #dg4cej ,( pr9ciples or inf]5ces v mu* l ^!1 is ! :ole sy/em ( ,inductive ,gramm> ess5tially made up4 ,b is x n pla9 t heiress's1 abbess's1 pe]ess's1 c\ntess's1 & _m o!r words ( ! same =m1 are z good ,engli% z witness's8 ,did n ,jane ,we/ write ju/ly1 ,%e made an attempt to look 9 at ! de> dut*ess's8--,lett]s to a ,lady1 p4 #ie4 ,does n ! ,bible speak correctly ( an ass's head1 sold at a great price8--#b ,k+s1 vi1 #be4 ,is ,burns also wrong1 ab\t miss's f9e lun>di1 & miss's bonnet8--,poems1 p4 #dd4 ,or did ,scott write inaccurately1 ^: guide ,l$ sl[ly ?r\gh ! pass's jaws8--,lady ( ! ,lake1 p4 #aba4 ,s mu* = ! ss2 nor is ! rule = ! t]m9ation ence1 or 7z ,smi? has x7 nce1 m true4 ,pr9ce's & dunce's are z good possessives z any2 & s are ! foll[+3 ,t vice %\ld triumph1 virtue vice obey2 ,?is sprung "s d\bt ( ,provid5ce's sway4--,p>nell4 ,& sweet ,b5evol5ce's mild comm&4--,"l ,lyttleton4 ,i he>d ! lance's %iv]+ cra%1 ,z :5 ! :irlw9d r5ds ! a%4--,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,,obs4 #cj4--,! mo/ common rule n[ 9 use = ! con/ruction ( ! possessive case1 is a %r$ f ! old code ( ,lat9 gramm>3 ,"o sub/antive gov]ns ano!r1 signify+ a diff]5t ?+1 9 ! possessive or g5itive case4--,l4 ,murray's ,rule ,x4 ,?is canon n only leaves occasion = an additional "o respect+ pron\ns ( ! possessive case1 b x is also obscure 9 its phraseology1 & too neglig5t ( ! v>i\s modes 9 :i* n\ns may come toge!r 9 ,engli%4 ,all n\ns us$ adjectively1 & _m t are comp\nd$ toge!r1 seem to =m exceptions to x4 ,b :o c limit or enum]ate ^! exceptions8 ,diff]5t comb9ations ( n\ns h s (t5 little or no diff]5ce ( mean+1 or ( relation to ea* o!r1 & s frequ5tly is ! v same vocal expression writt5 v>i\sly by our be/ s*ol>s1 & able/ lexicograph]s1 t 9 _m ord9>y in/ances x seems sc>cely possible to det]m9e :o or :at is "r4 ,?us1 on ! au?ority ( ,johnson1 "o might write1 a /one's ca/1 or /one's ?r[2 b ,web/] has x1 /ones-ca/1 or /ones-?r[2 ,maund]1 /oneca/1 /one?r[2 ,*alm]s1 /onesca/2 ,worce/]1 /one's-ca/4 ,s ,johnson & ,*alm]s write /onesmickle1 a bird2 ,web/] has x1 /one's-mickle2 yet1 all ?ree ref] to ,a9swor? z _! au?ority1 & 8 ^w is /one-smickle3 ,littleton has x /one-smi*4 ,johnson & ,*alm]s write1 popeseye & %eep's eye2 ,walk]1 ,maund]1 & ,worce/]1 popeseye & %eep's-eye2 ,scott has pope's-eye & %eepseye2 ,web/]1 pope's-eye & %eep's-eye1 bird-eye1 & birds-eye4 ,a9swor? has goats be>d1 = ! "n ( a plant2 ,johnson1 goatbe>d2 ,web/]1 goat-be>d & goats-be>d4 ,a9swor? has pr9ce's fea!r1 = ! am>an?2 ,johnson1 ,*alm]s1 ,walk]1 & ,maund]1 write x pr9ces-fea!r2 ,web/] & ,worce/]1 pr9ces'-fea!r2 ,bolles has x pr9cesfea!r3 & "h !y are all wrong1 = ! ^w %\ld be pr9ce's-fea!r4 ,!re are hundr$s m ( su* t]ms2 all z unc]ta9 9 _! or?ography z ^!4 ,,obs4 #ca4--,:ile discrepances l ! =ego+ ab\nd 9 our be/ diction>ies1 none ( our gramm>s supply any h9ts t5d+ to %[ :i* ( ^! v>i\s =ms we ought to pref]4 ,p]haps ! foll[+ sugge/ions1 toge!r ) ! six ,rules = ! ,figure ( ,words1 9 ,"p ,fir/1 may enable ! read] to decide ^! que/ions ) suffici5t accuracy4 7#a47 ,two %ort radical n\ns are apt to unite 9 a p]man5t comp\nd1 :5 ! =m]1 tak+ ! sole acc5t1 expresses ! ma9 purpose or *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! ?+ nam$ by ! latt]2 z1 teacup1 sunbeam1 day/>1 horseman1 %eepfold1 h\ndfi%1 h\rglass4 7#b47 ,tempor>y comp\nds ( a l nature may be =m$ ) ! hyph51 :5 !re rema9 two acc5t$ syllables2 z1 ca/le-wall1 bosom-fri5d1 fell[-s]vant1 horse-*e/nut1 goat-m>joram1 m>%-m>igold4 7#c47 ,! =m] ( two n\ns1 if x be n plural1 may be tak5 adjectively1 9 any relation t diff]s f apposition & f possession2 z1 ,! silv] cup1--,! p>5t birds1--,my pilgrim feet1--,?y h]mit cell1--,two bro!r s]geants4 7#d47 ,! possessive case & its gov]n+ n\n1 comb9+ to =m a lit]al "n1 may be jo9$ toge!r )\t ei!r hyph5 or apo/rophe3 z1 tradesman1 ratsbane1 doomsday1 k9swoman1 craftsma/]4 7#e47 ,! possessive case & its gov]n+ n\n1 comb9+ to =m a metaphorical "n1 %\ld be writt5 ) bo? apo/rophe & hyph52 z1 ,job's-te>s1 ,jew's-e>1 be>'s-foot1 colts-too?1 %eep's-head1 crane's-bill1 crab's-eyes1 h\nd's-tongue1 k+'s-spe>1 lady's-slipp]1 lady's-b$/raw1 c4 7#f47 ,! possessive case & its gov]n+ n\n1 comb9+ to =m an adjective1 :e!r lit]al or metaphorical1 %\ld g5]ally be writt5 ) bo? apo/rophe & hyph52 z1 ,neats-foot oil1--,calfs-foot jelly1--,a c>p's-tongue drill1--,a bird's-eye view1--,! /ates'-rights' p>ty1--,a camel's-hair %awl4 ,b a triple comp\nd n\n may be =m$ ) "o hyph5 only3 z1 ,9 doomsday-book2 7--,joh4 ,dict427 ,an arms5d-lift4 ,c>dell1 :o w h all possessives to be adjectives1 writes an example ?us3 ,john's camel's hair girdle4--,elem5ts ( ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,t is z if ,john's camel _h a hair girdle6 7#g47 ,:5 ! possessive case & its gov]n+ n\n m]ely help to =m a regul> phrase1 ! comp\nd+ ( !m 9 any fa%ion may be reckon$ improp]2 ?us ! phrases1 a day's "w1 at dea?'s door1 on ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 a new ye>'s gift1 ,all ,s\ls' ,day1 ,all ,sa9ts' ,day1 ,all ,fools' ,day1 ! sa9ts' bell1 ! he>t's blood1 = dog's meat1 ?\gh (t5 writt5 o!rwise1 may be/ /& z !y d "h4 ,,obs4 #cb4--,! exi/5ce ( a p]man5t comp\nd ( any two words1 does n necess>ily preclude ! use ( ! possessive relation betwe5 ! same words4 ,?us1 we may speak ( a horse's %oe or a goat's sk91 not)/&+ !re are su* words z horse%oe & goatsk94 ,e4g41 ,t prea* ye ^u ! h\setops4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,matt41 x1 #bg4 ,unpeg ! basket on ! h\se's top4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bch4 ,web/] def9es fro/nail1 7:i*1 "u ! ^w cork1 he errone\sly writes fro/ nail17 ,a nail driv5 into a horse-%oe1 to prev5t ! horse f slipp+ on ice4 ,worce/] has x1 ,a nail driv5 into a horse's %oe1 to prev5t 8 slipp+ on ! ice4 ,johnson1 ,a nail ) a prom95t head driv5 into ! horse's %oes1 t x may pi]ce ! ice4 ,maund]1 ,a nail ) a %>p head driv5 into ! horses' %oes 9 fro/y wea!r4 ,none ( ^! descriptions is v well writt54 ,say r1 ,a spur-head$ nail driv5 into a horse's %oe to prev5t him f slipp+4 ,!re is commonly "s diff]5ce1 & sometimes a v great "o1 betwe5 ! comp\nd n\n & ! possessive relation1 & also betwe5 ! radical comp\nd & t ( ! possessive4 ,?us a h>elip is n a h>e's lip1 nor is a headman a headsman1 or he>t-ease he>t's-ease4 ,s1 accord+ to ! books1 a cat-head1 a cat's-head1 & a cat's head1 are ?ree v diff]5t ?+s2 yet :at ,web/] writes1 cat-tail1 ,johnson1 cats-tail1 ,walk] & o!rs1 cats-tail1 means b ! same ?+1 ?\gh n a cat's tail4 ,johnson's k+spe>1 ,jews-e>1 lady-mantle1 & lady-b$/raw1 are no m prop]1 ?an ,web/]'s be>'s-wort1 lion's foot1 lady's mantle1 & lady's b$-/raw4 ,all ^! are wrong4 ,,obs4 #cc4--,p>ticul> examples1 bo? ( prop] di/9ction1 & ( bl9d irregul>ity1 "u all ! heads above sugge/$1 may be quot$ & multipli$ indef9itely1 ev5 f our highe/ lit]>y au?orities2 b1 s9ce no?+ c be settl$ b by ! =ce ( pr9ciples1 he :o w\ld be accurate1 mu/ resort to rules1--mu/ consid] :at is analogical1 &1 9 all d\btful cases1 give ?is ! pref]5ce4 ,b1 9 gramm>1 p>ticul> analogies are to be respect$1 z well z ^? :i* are m g5]al4 ,= example1 ! n\n side1 9 t relation :i* %\ld seem to require ! prec$+ n\n to be 9 ! possessive case1 is usually comp\nd$ ) x1 ! hyph5 be+ us$ :]e ! comp\nd has m ?an two syllables1 b n ) two only2 z1 b$side1 hillside1 roadside1 wayside1 seaside1 riv]-side1 wat]-side1 m\nta9-side4 ,"s in/ances ( ! sep>ate con/ruction occur1 b !y are r>e3 z1 ,& h] maid5s walk$ along by ! riv]'s side4--,exodus1 ii1 #e4 ,aft] ?is n\n also1 ! possessive preposition ( is sometimes omitt$2 z1 ,on ?is side ! riv]27--,bible27 ,on ?is side ,tr5t4--,c[ell4 ,bett]1 ,on ?is side ( ! riv]1 c4 ,bl9d ,b>timeus sat by ! highway side1 begg+4--,m>k1 x1 #df4 ,"h ,alg] m prop]ly writes highway-side4 ,9 ,rev41 xiv1 #bj?1 we h ! unusual comp\nd1 horse-bridles4 ,! text ought to h be5 r5d]$1 ev5 unto ! horses' bridles4 ,lat91 usque ad frnos equorum4 ,greek1 ,greek3 a*ri ton *al9on ton hippon4 ,,obs4 #cd4--;,correlatives1 z fa!r & son1 husb& & wife1 naturally possess ea* o!r2 h5ce su* comb9ations z fa!r's son1 & son's fa!r1 ?\gh correct en\gh 9 ?\ght1 are r$undant 9 expression4 ,! :ole & a "p are a sort ( correlatives1 b ! :ole seems to possess its p>ts1 m prop]ly ?an any ( ! p>ts1 ! :ole4 ,yet we seldom put ! :ole 9 ! possessive case be=e its "p1 or p>ts1 b r express ! relation by (2 z1 a qu>t] ( a doll>1 r ?an1 a doll>'s qu>t]4 ,aft] ! n\n half1 we usually suppress ?is preposition1 if an article int]v5e2 z1 half a doll>1 r ?an1 half ( a doll>1 or a doll>'s half4 ,s we may say1 half ! way1 = half ( ! way2 b we _c say1 half u = half ( u4 ,9 ! phrase1 a half doll>1 ! ^w half is an adjective1 & a v diff]5t mean+ is convey$4 ,yet ! comp\nds half-p9t & half-p5ny are sometimes us$ to signify1 ! quantity ( half a p9t1 ! value ( half a p5ny4 ,9 weight1 measure1 or "t1 ! "p is sometimes made possessive ( ! :ole2 z1 a p\nd's weight1 a y>d's l5g?1 an h\r's "t4 ,on ! contr>y1 we d n say1 weight's p\nd1 l5g?'s y>d1 or "t's h\r2 nor yet1 a p\nd ( weight1 a y>d ( l5g?2 & r>ely d we say1 an h\r ( "t4 ,p\nd & y>d hav+ o!r uses1 we sometimes say1 a p\nd 9 weight1 a y>d 9 l5g?2 ?\gh sc>cely1 an h\r 9 "t4 ,,obs4 #ce4--;,betwe5 a portion ( "t & its correlative action1 passion1 or be+1 ! possessive relation is int]*angeable2 s t ei!r t]m may be ! pr9cipal1 & ei!r1 ! adjunct3 z1 ,?ree ye>s' h>d "w1 or1 ,?ree ye>s ( h>d "w4 ,sometimes we may ev5 put ei!r t]m 9 ei!r =m2 z1 ,dur+ ! t5 ye>s' w>1--,dur+ ! t5 ye>s ( w>1--,dur+ ! w> ( t5 ye>s1--,dur+ ! w>'s t5 ye>s4 ,h5ce "s writ]s1 n p]ceiv+ :y ei!r ^w %\ld make ! o!r its gov]n$ adjunct1 place bo? ^u a p>1 z if !y 7 9 apposition2 z1 ,?ree days "t4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aef4 ,by a few ye>s prep>ation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cda4 ,( =ty ye>s plant+4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,an acc\nt1 ( five ye>s /&+4 ,if ^! phrases 7 correct1 x w\ld also be correct to say1 "o day "t1--"o ye> prep>ation1--"o ye> plant+1--( "o ye> /&+2 b all ^! are manife/ly bad ,engli%2 &1 by analogy1 s are ! o!rs4 ,,obs4 #cf4--;,any n\n ( weight1 measure1 or "t1 put imm$iately be=e an o!r1 if x be n 9 ! possessive case1 w naturally be und]/ood adjectively2 z1 ,no p]son c1 by words only1 give to an o!r an adequate idea ( a p\nd weight1 or a foot rule4--,gregory's ,dict4 ,?is phraseology c1 ) propriety1 ref] only to ! weight or ! rule ) :i* we weigh or measure2 x _c signify a p\nd 9 weight1 or a foot 9 l5g?1 ?\gh x is v probable t ! au?or int5d$ ! latt]4 ,:5 ! n\n times is us$ be=e an o!r n\n by way ( multiplication1 !re may be suppos$ an ellipsis ( ! preposition ( betwe5 ! two1 j z :5 we divide by ! ^w half2 z1 ,an h\r is sixty times ! l5g? ( a m9ute4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,?irty seconds are half ! l5g? ( a m9ute4 ,t is1--half ( ! l5g?1--sixty times ( ! l5g?4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,iv4 ,,note ,i4--,9 ! syntax ( ! possessive case1 its appropriate =m1 s+ul> or plural1 %\ld be obs]v$1 agreeably to ! s5se & decl5sion ( ! ^w4 ,?us1 write ,john's1 m5's1 h]s1 its1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs2 & n1 ,johns1 m5s'1 h]'s1 x's1 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s4 ,,note ,,ii4--,:5 n\ns ( ! possessive case are connect$ by conjunctions or put 9 apposition1 ! sign ( possession mu/ always be annex$ to su*1 & su* only1 z imm$iately prec$e ! gov]n+ n\n1 express$ or und]/ood2 z1 ,john & ,eliza's tea*] is a man ( m le>n+ ?an ,james's or ,&rew's--,= ,david my s]vant's sake4--,bible4 ,= my sake & ! gospel's4--,ib4 ,lo/ 9 love's & fri5d%ip's smile4--,scott4 ,,note ,,iii4--,! relation ( prop]ty may also be express$ by ! preposition ( & ! objective2 z1 ,! w ( man1 = man's w4 ,( ^! =ms1 we %\ld adopt t :i* w r5d] ! s5t5ce ! mo/ p]spicu\s & agreeable2 &1 by ! use ( bo?1 avoid an unpleasant repetition ( ei!r4 ,,note ,,iv4--,a n\n gov]n+ ! possessive plural1 %\ld n1 by a =c$ agreem5t1 be made plural1 :5 its own s5se does n require x2 z1 ,= our p>ts1--,7 ,i 9 y\r places3 = we may ) propriety say1 ,our "p1 y\r place1 or y\r condition2 z well z1 ,our desire1 y\r int5tion1 _! resignation4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afi4 ,a n\n tak5 figuratively may also be s+ul>1 :5 ! lit]al mean+ w\ld require ! plural3 su* expressions z1 _! face1--_! neck1--_! h&1--_! head1--_! he>t1--our m\?1--our life1--are frequ5t 9 ! ,scriptures1 & n improp]4 ,,note ,v4--,! possessive case %\ld n be ne$lessly us$ be=e a p>ticiple t is n tak5 9 o!r respects z a n\n4 ,! foll[+ phrase is !re=e wrong3 ,adopt$ by ! ,go?s 9 _! pron\nc+ ! ,greek4--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #ag4 ,expunge _!4 ,aga93 ,"h we speak ( _! becom+ bo? 9 =m & signification passive4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bbf4 ,say r1 ,"h we speak ( !m z becom+ passive1 bo? 9 =m & signification4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,possessive ,,=m4 ,mans *ief good is an upright m9d4 ,see ,br[n's ,in/itutes ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #agi4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! n\n mans1 :i* is int5d$ = ! possessive s+ul> ( man1 has n ! appropriate =m ( t case & numb]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #a/ "u ,rule #d?1 ,9 ! syntax ef ! possessive case1 its appropriate =m1 s+ul> or plural1 %\ld be obs]v$1 agreeably to ! s5se & decl5sion ( ! ^w4 ,!re=e1 mans %\ld be m>is1 ) ! apo/rophe be=e ! s2 ?us1 ,man's *ief good is an upright m9d4 ,! translator ( ,mallets ,hi/ory has ! foll[+ note1--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bfc4 ,! act1 :ile x gave five ye>s full pay to ! (fic]s1 all[$ b "o ye>'s pay to ! privates4--,ib41 p4 #ahd4 ,= ! /udy ( ,engli% is prec$$ by sev]al ye>s att5tion to ,lat9 & ,greek4--,ib41 p4 #g4 ,! fir/1 ! ,c\rt ,b>on1 is ! freehold]s or freem5s c\rt4--,coke1 ,litt41 p4 #gd4 ,i affirm1 t ,vaugelas' def9ition lab\rs "u an ess5tial defect4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afc4 ,i affirm1 t ,vangelas's def9ition lab\rs "u an ess5tial defect4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 ,f\r? ,am]4 ,ed41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cfj4cea ,!re is a *orus 9 ,ari/ophane's plays4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dhj4 ,x d5otes ! same p]ception 9 my m9d z 9 _!'s4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #fe4 ,?is aft]w>ds enabl$ him to read ,hicke's ,saxon ,gramm>4--,life ( ,dr4 ,murray1 p4 #gf4 ,i w n d x = t5s sake4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,i arose1 & ask$ if ^? *>m+ infants 7 h]'s4--,w]t]1 p4 #ba4 ,!y divide _! "t betwe5 mill9]s %ops & tav]ns4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fe4 ,! angels ador+ ( ,adam is also m5tion$ 9 ! ,talmud4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #f4 ,qu>rels arose f ! w9n]s insult+ ( ^? :o lo/4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,! vacancy1 occasion$ by ,mr4 ,adams' resignation4--,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 i1 p4 vii4 ,read = in/ance ,junius' address1 commonly call$ 8 lett] to ! k+4--,ib41 i1 #bbe4 ,a p]petual /ruggle aga9/ ! tide ( ,hort5sius' influ5ce4--,ib41 ii1 #bc4 ,:i*1 = di/9ction sake1 ,i %all put d[n sev]ally4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cjb4 ,! fif? case is 9 a clause signify+ ! matt] ( ones fe>4--,ib41 p4 #cab4 ,& !y took c\nsel1 & b\ght ) !m ! pott]s' field4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,matt41 xxvii1 #g4 ,arise = ?y s]vant's help1 & r$eem !m = ?y m]cy's sake4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #bfe4 ,%all n _! cattle1 & _! sub/ance1 & e bea/ ( _!'s be ours8--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,g541 xxxiv1 #bc4 ,& e bea/ ( _!'s1 be our's8--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ib4 ,x's regul> plural1 bullaces1 is us$ by ,bacon4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bac4 ,mordecai walk$ e day be=e ! c\rt ( ! wom5s h\se4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,e/h]1 ii1 #aa4 ,behold1 !y t we> s(t clo?+ are 9 k+'s h\ses4--,,ib4 & ,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,matt41 xi1 #h3 also ,web/]'s ,imp4 ,gram41 p4 #agc4 ,!n ,je?ro1 ,moses' fa!r-9-law1 took ,zipporah1 ,moses' wife1 & h] two sons2 & ,je?ro1 ,moses' fa!r-9-law1 came1 ) 8 sons & 8 wife1 unto ,moses4--,,alg]',s ,,bible1 & ,,! ,,fri5ds'3 ,exod41 xviii1 #b--f4 ,k+ ,james' translators m]ely revis$ =m] translations4--,rev4 ,b4 ,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,may !y be l corn on h\ses tops4--,:ite1 on ! ,engli% ,v]b41 p4 #afj4 ,& = 8 ,mak]'s image sake exempt4 --,p>4 ,lo/1 ,b4 xi1 l4 #ead4 ,by all ! fame acquir'd 9 t5 ye>s w>4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 i1 l4 #fgd4 ,nor glad vile poets ) true critics gore4 --,pope's ,dunicad1 sic--,,k? p4 #age4 ,man only ( a s(t] mold is made1 ,n = 8 fell['s ru91 b _! aid4 --,dryd5's ,poems1 p4 #ib4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,possessives ,,connect$4 ,x 0 necess>y to h bo? ! physician1 & ! surgeon's advice4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,?is out-side fa%ionabl5ess ( ! ,taylor on ,tire-woman's mak+4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #di4 ,"s pret5d+ to be ( ,paul's p>ty1 o!rs ( ,apollos1 o!rs ( ,cephas1 & o!rs1 pret5d+ yet high]1 to be ( ,*ri/'s4--,woods ,dict41 w4 ,apollos4 ,nor is x less c]ta9 t ,sp5s]'s & ,milton's spell+ agrees bett] ) our pronunciation4-- ,philol4 ,museum1 i1 #ffa4 ,law's1 ,edw>ds'1 & ,watts' surveys ( ! ,div9e ,disp5sations4--,burgh's ,dignity1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aic4 ,& :o 0 ,eno*'s ,savi\r1 & ! ,prophets8--,bayly's ,works1 p4 #fjj4 ,)\t any imp$im5t b 8 own1 or 8 p>5ts or gu>dians w4--,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #ade4 ,james relieves nei!r ! boy#ceb nor ! girl's di/ress4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #aaf4 ,john reg>ds nei!r ! ma/] nor ! pupil's advantage4--,ib41 p4 #aag4 ,y rew>d nei!r ! man nor ! woman's lab\rs4--,ib4 ,%e exam9es nei!r ,james nor ,john's conduct4-- ,ib4 ,?\ pitie/ nei!r ! s]vant nor ! ma/]'s injuries4--,ib4 ,we promote ,engl& or ,irel&'s happ9ess4--,ib4 ,7 ,ca9 & ,abel's occupation ! same8--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #agi4 ,7 ,ca9's & ,abel's occupations ! same8--,ib4 ,:at 0 ,simon's & ,&rew's employm5t8-- ,au?or4 ,till he c read himself ,sanctii ,m9]va ) ,scioppius & ,p]izonius's ,notes4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #bie4 ,& love's & fri5d%ip's f9ely--po9t$ d>t ,falls blunt$ f ea* indurat$ he>t4--,goldsmi?4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,*oice ,,( ,,=ms4 ,b "s degree ( tr\ble is all m5's portion4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bah2 ,m]*ant's1 #aig4 ,) 8 fa!r's & "m's names ^u ! blank leaf4--,corn]-,/one1 p4 #add4 ,! g5]al1 9 ! army's "n1 publi%$ a decl>ation4--,,hume3 9 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,! ,commons' vote4--,id1 ib4 ,! ,lords' h\se4--,id41 ib4 ,a collection ( writ]s faults4--,,swift3 ib41 p4 #fh4 ,aft] t5 ye>s w>s4--,id41 ib4 ,pr(ess+ 8 dete/ation ( su* practices z 8 pr$ecessors4--,notes to ! ,dunciad4 ,by t "t ,i %all h end$ my ye>s (fice4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ajd4 ,= ,h]odias' sake1 8 bro!r ,philip's wife4--,m>k1 vi1 #ag4 ,= ,h]odias's sake1 8 bro!r ,philip's wife4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aid4 ,i endure all ?+s = ! elect's sakes1 t !y may also obta9 salvation4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 #b ,tim41 ii1 #aj4 ,= ! elects' sakes4--,,scott',s ,,bible4 ,= ! elect's sake4--,,alg]',s ,,bible1 & ,,bruce',s4 ,he 0 ,l\is ! ,sixte5?'s son's heir4--,w4 ,all5's ,ex]cises1 ,gram41 p4 #cbi4 ,! ?rone we hon\r is ! *oice ( ! p4--,an acc\nt ( ! proce$+s ( ! c\rt ( ,alex&]4--,an excell5t tutor ( a p]son ( fa%ion's *ild6--,gil ,bias1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #bj4 ,x is curi\s en\gh1 t ?is s5t5ce ( ! ,bi%op is1 itself1 ungrammatical6--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bja4 ,! troops broke into ,leopold ! emp]or's palace4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #ei4 ,! meet+ 0 call$ by ,eldon ! judge's desire4--,ibid4 ,pet]'s1 ,john's1 & ,&rew's occupation 0 t ( fi%]m54--,brace's ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,! v5]able presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy's debility has lately increas$4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,n\ns ,,) ,,possessives ,,plural4 ,god ha? n giv5 u our reasons to no purpose4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dif4 ,= our sakes1 no d\bt1 ?is is writt54--#a ,cor41 ix1 #aj4 ,are n heal? & /r5g? ( body desirable = _! own sakes8--,h]mes1 p4 #bif2 ,murray's ,gram41 #bhi4 ,"s sailors :o 7 boil+ _! d9n]s ^u ! %ore4--,day's ,s&=d & ,m]ton1 p4 #ii4 ,& !y 9 _! turns 7 subdu$ by o!rs4--,p9nock's ,geography1 p4 #ab4 ,indu/ry on our p>ts is n sup]s$$ by ,god's grace4--,arr[smi?4 ,_! ,heal?s p]haps may be pretty well secur'd4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #ea4 ,?\gh he 0 ri*1 yet = our sakes he became poor4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #baa4 ,x 7 to be wi%$1 8 correctors _h be5 z wise on _! p>bs4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #fj4 ,! ,arabs are comm5d$ by ! anci5ts = be+ mo/ exact to _! words1 & respectful to _! k9dr$4--,sale's ,koran4 ,t is1 z a rew>d ( "s ex]tion on our p>ts4--,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #hf4 ,s t x w5t ill ) ,moses = _! sakes4--,psalms1 cvi1 #cb4 ,all li>s %all h _! p>ts 9 ! burn+ lake4--,watts1 p4 #cc4 ,= our own sakes z well z = ?9e4--,pref4 to ,wall]'s ,poems1 p4 #c4 ,by discov]- + _! abilities to detect & am5d errors4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 #aa1 p4 iv4 ,?is _w ,i d r5\nce2 &1 9 y\r sights1 ,%ake pati5tly my great affliction (f4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bhf ,if y\r rel5t+ ang]s yield to treat1 ,pompey & ?\1 9 safety1 "h may meet4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #ejj4 ,,"u ,,note ,y4--,,possessives ,,) ,,p>ticiples4 ,?is w enc\rage him to proce$ )\t 8 acquir+ ! prejudice4--,smi?'s ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,& ! notice :i* !y give ( an action's be+ complet$ or n complet$4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #gb2 ,alg]'s1 #cj4 ,"s ob/acle or imp$im5t t prev5ts its tak+ place4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,alex4 ,murray's1 #cg4 ,!y h apo/olical au?ority = _! s frequ5tly urg+ ! seek+ ( ! ,_s4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 xii1 p4 #ed4 ,"h !n is a wide field = reason's ex]t+ its p[]s 9 relation to ! objects ( ta/e4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ah4 ,n[ ?is !y d]ive altoge!r f _! hav+ a great] capacity ( imitation & description4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,?is is "o cle> reason ( _! pay+ a great] att5tion to t con/ruction4 --,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,! dialogue "p _h also a modulation ( its own1 :i* 0 capable ( its be+ set to notes4--,ib41 p4 #dga4 ,:at is ! reason ( our be+ (t5 s frigid & unp]suasive 9 public disc\rse8--,ib41 p4 #ccd4 ,:i* is only a prep>ation = 8 lead+ 8 =ces directly ^u u4--,ib41 p4 #bfd4 ,! nons5se ab\t :i*'s relat+ to ?+s only1 & hav+ no decl5sion1 ne$s no refutation4--,f[le's ,true ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,:o1 ^u 8 break+ x op51 f\nd no?+ b ! foll[+ inscription4--,roll91 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cc4 ,a pr9ce w quickly h reason to rep5t 8 hav+ exalt$ "o p]son s high4--,id41 ii1 #aaf4 ,not)/&+ x's be+ ! imm$iate subject ( 8 disc\rse4-- ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bid4 ,) our def9ition ( its be+ synonym\s ) "t4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #bi4 ,x w consid]ably increase ! dang] ( our be+ deceiv$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bic4 ,8 beauties c nev] be m5tion$ )\t _! sugge/+ 8 blemi%es also4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ddb4 ,no example has ev] be5 adduc$ ( a man's consci5ti\sly approv+ ( an action1 because ( its badness4--,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #ij4 ,! la/ episode ( ! angel's %ew+ ,adam ! fate ( 8 po/]ity1 is happily imag9$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #deb4 ,& ! news came to my son1 ( 8 & ! bride be+ 9 ,dubl94--,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #dd4 ,!re is no room = ! m9d's ex]t+ any great ef=t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cb4 ,"o w\ld imag9e1 t ^! criticks nev] s mu* z he>d ( ,hom]'s hav+ writt5 fir/4--,pope's ,preface to ,hom]4 ,condemn ! book1 = its n be+ a geography4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cag4 ,!re w be 9 _m words a transition f _! be+ ! figurative to _! be+ ! prop] signs ( c]ta9 ideas4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cbb4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,pope's be+ ! only s\rce ( ecclesia/ical p[]4--,religi\s ,_w1 ii1 #bij4 ,?is has be5 ! m exp$i5t f ! "w's be+ design$ = ! b5efit ( private le>n]s4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 ,introd41 p4 v4 ,?is 0 occasion$ by ! ,gramm>'s hav+ be5 set up1 & n admitt+ ( enl>gem5t4--,ib41 ,adv]tisem5t1 p4 ix4 ,,rule ,v4--,,objectives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case3 z1 ,i f\nd h] assi/+ him--,hav+ f9i%$ ! "w1 ,i submit x4 ,prev5t+ fame1 mis=tune l5ds him w+s1 ,& ,pompey's self 8 own sad /ory br+s4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 viii1 l4 #ff4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,v4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is rule !re are no exceptions2 b to ! old "o adopt$ by ,murray & o!rs1 ,active v]bs gov]n ! objective case1 !re are m ?an any writ] w ev] ?9k x wor? 8 :ile to enum]ate4 ,9 po9t ( brevity1 ! latt] has ! advantage1 b 9 no?+ else2 =1 z a g5]al rule = ,,n\ns ,,& ,,pron\ns1 ?is old brief ass]tion is v defective2 &1 z a rule = ,,! ,,syntax ,,( ,,v]bs1 "u :i* head x has be5 (t5] rank$1 x is entirely useless & inapplicable4 ,z !re are f\r diff]5t con/ructions to :i* ! nom9ative case is liable1 s !re are f\r 9 :i* ! objective may be f\nd2 & two ( ^! are common to bo?2 namely1 apposition1 & sam5ess ( case4 ,e objective is gov]n$ by "s v]b or p>ticiple1 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 or by "s preposition1 accord+ to ,rule #g?2 except su* z are put 9 apposition ) o!rs1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 or aft] an inf9itive or a p>ticiple n transitive1 accord+ to ,rule #f?3 z1 ,mi/ak+ "o = ! o!r1 !y took him1 a /urdy fell[1 call$ ,r$ ,billy1 to be me4 ,"h is e con/ruction :i* ! objective case c h2 except1 p]haps1 t 9 :i*1 z an expression ( "t1 place1 measure1 or mann]1 x is tak5 aft] ! fa%ion ( an adv]b1 ! gov]n+ preposition be+ suppress$1 or1 z "s say1 no gov]n+ ^w be+ ne$$4 ,( ?is exception1 ! foll[+ quotations may s]ve = examples3 ,x holds on by a s+le button r\nd my neck1 cloak-fa%ion--,,edgewor?',s ,ca/le ,rackr5t4 p4 #ag4 ,a man q at leisure to p>se all 8 words1 w\ld h said1 9 ! fa%ion ( a cloak4 ,aga93 ,he does n c>e ! r9d ( a lemon = h] all ! :ile4--,ib41 p4 #ajh4 ,we turn our eyes ?is way or t way4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #agb2 ,frazee's ,gram41 #aeg4 ,among 8 in/ances ( ! objective case re/rictive1 or ( ! n\n us$ 9 ! objective1 )\t a gov]n+ ^w1 ,dr4 ,bullions gives ?is3 ,let u g home ,b1 accord+ to ! bett] op9ion ( ,worce/]1 home is "h an adv]b1 & n a n\n4 ,see ,obs4 #f? on ,rule #g?4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! objective case g5]ally foll[s ! gov]n+ ^w3 z1 ,& ,joseph knew 8 bre?r51 b !y knew n him--,g541 xlii1 #h4 ,b :5 x is emphatic1 x (t5 prec$es ! nom9ative2 z1 ,me he re/or$ to m9e (fice1 & him he hang$4--,g541 xli1 #ac4 ,john h ,i behead$4--,luke1 ix1 #i4 ,b me ye h n always4--,matt41 xxvi1 #aa4 ,him walk+ on a sunny hill he f\nd4--,milton4 ,9 poetry1 ! objective is sometimes plac$ betwe5 ! nom9ative & ! v]b2 z1 ,8 d>+ foe securely him defi$4--,milton4 ,mu* he ! place admir$1 ! p]son m4--,id4 ,! broom its yell[ leaf %$4--,langhorne4 ,if ! nom9ative be a pron\n :i* _c be mi/ak5 = an objective1 ! words may possibly *ange places2 z1 ,silv] & gold h ,i none4--,acts1 iii1 #f4 ,creat$ ?+ n\ght valu$ he nor %unn'd4--,milton1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #fgi4 ,b su* a transposition ( two n\ns c sc>cely fail to r5d] ! mean+ d\btful or obscure2 z1 ,?is p['r has praise1 t virtue sc>ce c w>m1 ,till fame supplies ! univ]sal *>m4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,a relative or an int]rogative pron\n is commonly plac$ at ! head ( its clause1 & ( c\rse x prec$es ! v]b :i* gov]ns x2 z1 ,i am ,jesus1 :om ?\ p]secute/4--,acts1 ix1 #e4 ,:i* ( ! prophets h n y\r fa!rs p]secut$8--,ib41 vii1 #eb4 ,be=e _! ,clauses plac'd1 by settl$ use1 ,! ,relatives ^! ,clauses introduce4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #hf4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,e active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple has "s n\n or pron\n = its object1 or "s pronom9al adjective :i* assumes ! relation ( ! objective case4 ,?\gh v]bs are (t5 foll[$ by ! inf9itive mood1 or a dep5d5t clause1 =m+ a "p ( ! logical pr$icate2 yet ^! t]ms1 be+ commonly introduc$ by a connect+ p>ticle1 d n =m su* an object z is contemplat$ 9 our def9ition ( a transitive v]b4 ,its gov]nm5t ( ! objective1 is ! only prop] crit]ion ( ?is sort ( v]b4 ,if1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,boys love to play1 ! =m] v]b is transitive1 z sev]al respectable gramm>ians affirm2 :y n also 9 a ?\s& o!rs2 z1 ,boys l to play2--,boys delight to play2--,boys long to play2--,! boys seem to play2--,! boys cease to play2--,! boys ought to play2--,! boys g out to play2--,! boys are gone out to play2--,! boys are all[$ to play2 & ! l8 ,! con/ruction 9 all is precisely ! same1 & ! inf9itive may foll[ "o k9d ( v]b j z well z an o!r4 ,h[ !n c ! m]e addition ( ?is mood make any v]b transitive8 or :]e1 on su* a pr9ciple1 c ! l9e ( di/9ction = transitive v]bs be drawn8 ,! inf9itive1 9 fact1 is gov]n$ by ! preposition to2 & ! prec$+ v]b1 if x has no o!r object1 is intransitive4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be confess$ t "s v]bs :i* ?us take ! inf9itive aft] !m1 _c o!rwise be intransitive2 z1 ,a great m9d disda9s to hold any ?+ by c\rtesy4--,johnson's ,life ( ,swift4 ,!y require to be di/+ui%$ by a comma4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgb4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,a transitive v]b1 z ,i h else:]e %[n1 may bo? gov]n ! objective case1 & be foll[$ by an inf9itive also2 z1 ,:at h ,i to d ) !e8--,john1 ii1 #d4 ,?is "q1 z "o w\ld naturally take x1 implies1 ,i h no?+ to d ) !e2 &1 by analogy1 :at is gov]n$ by h1 & n by d2 s t ! latt] v]b1 ?\gh n commonly intransitive1 appe>s to be s "h4 ,inde$ ! inf9itive mood is (t5 us$ )\t an objective1 :5 e o!r "p ( ! same v]b w\ld require "o4 ,maund]'s rule is1 ,transitive v]bs & p>ticiples gov]n ei!r ! objective case or ! inf9itive mode4--,compreh5sive ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,murray tea*es1 n only t1 ,! inf9itive mood does ! (fice ( a sub/antive 9 ! objective case2 z1 ',boys love to play2' b t1 ,! p>ticiple ) its adjuncts1 may be consid]$ z a sub/antive phrase 9 ! objective case1 gov]n$ by ! preposition or v]b2 z1 ',he /udi$ to avoid express+ himself too sev]ely4'--,see 8 ,octavo ,gram41 pp4 #ahd & #aid4 ,& aga93 ,"p ( a s5t5ce1 z well z a n\n or pron\n1 may be said to be 9 ! objective case1 or to be put objectively1 gov]n$ by ! active v]b2 z1 ',we sometimes see virtue 9 di/ress1 b we %\ld consid] h[ great w be h] ultimate rew>d4' ,s5t5ces or phrases "u ?is circum/ance1 may be t]m$ objective s5t5ces or phrases4--,ib41 p4 #ahj4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,if we admit t s5t5ces1 p>ts ( s5t5ces1 inf9itives1 p>ticiples ) _! adjuncts1 & o!r phrases1 z well z n\ns & pron\ns1 may be 9 ! objective case2 x w be no easy matt]1 ei!r to def9e ?is case1 or to det]m9e :at words d1 or d n1 gov]n x4#cec ,! con/ruction ( inf9itives & p>ticiples w be notic$ h]eaft]4 ,b on "o ( ,murray's examples1 ,i w\ld "h obs]ve1 t ! direct use ( ! inf9itive = an objective n\n is a manife/ ,grecism2 z1 ,= to w is pres5t ) me2 b to p]=m t :i* is good1 ,i f9d n4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ahd4 ,t is1 ! p]=mance ( t :i* is good1 ,i f9d n4 ,or p]haps we may supply a n\n aft] ! v]b1 & take ?is text to mean1 ,b to p]=m t :i* is good1 ,i f9d n ! ability4 ,our ,bible has x1 ,b h[ to p]=m t :i* is good4 ,i f9d n2 z if ! mann] 9 :i* he might d good1 0 :at ! apo/le f\nd n3 b ,murray cites x diff]5tly1 omitt+ ! ^w h[1 z we see above4 ,all active v]bs to :i* some?+ is subjo9$ by :51 :]e1 :5ce1 h[1 or :y1 mu/ be acc\nt$ intransitive1 unless we suppose !m to gov]n su* n\ns ( "t1 place1 degree1 mann]1 or cause1 z correspond to ^! connectives2 z1 ,i "k :y %e blu%$4 ,"h we might supply ! n\n reason1 z1 ,i "k ! reason :y %e blu%$2 b ! ^w is ne$less1 & ,i %\ld r p>se "k z be+ intransitive4 ,z = virtue 9 di/ress1 if ?is is an objective phrase1 & n to be analyz$1 we h millions ( ! same sort2 b1 if "o %\ld say1 ,virtue 9 di/ress excites pity1 ! same phrase w\ld demon/rate ! absurdity ( ,murray's doctr9e1 because ! two n\ns "h take two diff]5t cases4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! ^w t1 :i* is (t5 employ$ to introduce a dep5d5t clause1 is1 by "s gramm>ians1 consid]$ z a pron\n1 repres5t+ ! clause :i* foll[s x2 z1 ,i "k t ,messias come?4--,john1 iv1 #be4 ,?is text !y w\ld expla9 to mean1 ,messias come?1 ,i "k t2 & _! op9ion seems to be w>rant$ bo? by ! orig9 & by ! usual import ( ! p>ticle4 ,b1 9 con=mity to g5]al cu/om1 & to 8 own views ( ! practical purposes ( grammatical analysis1 ! au?or has rank$ x ) ! conjunctions4 ,& he ?9ks x bett]1 to call ^? v]bs intransitive1 :i* are foll[$ by t & a dep5d5t clause1 ?an to supply ! v frequ5t ellipses :i* ! o!r explanation supposes4 ,to expla9 x z a conjunction1 connect+ an active-transitive v]b & its object1 z sev]al respectable gramm>ians d1 appe>s to involve "s inconsi/5cy4 ,if t is a conjunction1 x connects :at prec$es & :at foll[s2 b a transitive v]b %\ld ex]cise a direct gov]nm5t1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( a conjunction4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ^w t has n1 9 any su* s5t5ce1 ! inh]5t nature ( a pron\n4 ,! transposition above1 makes x only a pronom9al adjective2 z1 ,messias come?1 ,i "k t fact4 ,& 9 _m in/ances su* a solution is impracticable2 z1 ,! p s\ght him1 & came unto him1 & /ay$ him1 t he %\ld n dep>t f !m4--,luke1 iv1 #db4 ,"h1 to prove t to be a pron\n1 ! disciples ( ,tooke & ,web/] mu/ resort to m ?an "o imag9>y ellipsis1 & to su* inv]sion z w sc>cely leave ! s5se 9 sight4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 "s in/ances ! action ( a transitive v]b gives to its direct object an additional "n1 :i* is also 9 ! objective case1 ! two words be+ 9 apposition2 z1 ,?y sa9ts proclaim !e k+4--,c[p]4 ,& ,god call$ ! firmam5t ,heav54--,bible4 ,ord]+ !m to make !mselves ma/]s ( a c]ta9 /eep em95ce4--,roll91 ii1 #fg4 ,&1 9 su* a con/ruction1 ! direct object is sometimes plac$ be=e ! v]b2 ?\gh ! "n :i* results f ! action1 _c be s plac$3 z1 ,& ,simon he surnam$ ,pet]4--,m>k1 iii1 #ae4 ,him t ov]come? w ,i make a pill> 9 ! temple ( my ,god4--,rev41 iii1 #ab4 ,"s gramm>ians seem n to h consid]$ ?is phraseology z com+ )9 ! rule ( apposition4 ,?us ,web/]3 ,we h "s v]bs :i* gov]n two words 9 ! objective case2 z1 ',did ,i reque/ !e1 mak]1 f my clay ,to mold me man8'--,milton1 #aj1 #gdd4 ',god seems to h made him :at he 04'--,life ( ,c[p]4#ced--,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,see also ,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #aed2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 p4 #aai2 & ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #dej4 ,s ,murray3 ,"s ( our v]bs appe> to gov]n two words 9 ! objective case2 z1 ',! ,au?or ( my be+ =m$ me man4'--',!y desir$ me to call !m bre?r54'--',he seems to h made him :at he 04' --,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,yet ?is latt] writ] says1 t 9 ! s5t5ce1 ,!y appo9t$ me executor1 & o!rs l x1 ! v]b to be is und]/ood4--,ib41 p4 #ahb4 ,^! !n1 accord+ to 8 own %[+1 are in/ances ( apposition2 b ,i pron\nce !n su*1 )\t ei!r conf\nd+ same cases ) apposition1 or mak+ ! latt] a species ( ellipsis4 ,see ,obs4 #a/ & #b;d1 "u ,rule #c;d4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,9 g5]al1 if n always1 :5 a v]b is foll[$ by two objectives :i* are nei!r 9 apposition nor connect$ by a conjunction1 "o ( !m is gov]n$ by a preposition und]/ood2 z1 ,i paid to him ! money--,!y (f]$ to me a seat--,he ask$ ( !m ! "q--,i yield$1 & unlock'd to h] all my he>t4--,milton4 ,9 express+ su* s5t5ces passively1 ! object ( ! preposition is sometimes errone\sly assum$ = ! nom9ative2 z1 ,he 0 paid ! money1 9 /ead (1 ,! money 0 paid to him4--,i 0 (f]$ a seat1 9 /ead (1 ,a seat 0 (f]$ to me4 ,?is k9d ( error is c5sur$ by ,murray m ?an once1 & yet he himself has1 9 v _m in/ances1 fall5 into x4 ,8 fir/ criticism on x1 is 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,we sometimes meet ) su* expressions z ^!3 ',!y 7 ask$ a "q2' ',!y 7 (f]$ a p>don2' ',he ha? be5 left a great e/ate by 8 fa!r4' ,9 ^! phrases1 v]bs passive are made to gov]n ! objective case4 ,?is lic5se is n to be approv$4 ,! expressions %\ld be3 ',a "q 0 put to !m2' ',a p>don 0 (f]$ to !m2' ',8 fa!r left him a great e/ate4'--,l4 ,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,see ,obs4 #ab1 bel[4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,9 ! ,lat9 syntax1 v]bs ( ask+ & tea*+ are said to gov]n two accusatives2 z1 ,posce ,deum v5iam1 ,beg p>don ( ,god4--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #bjg4 ,docuit me grammaticam1 ,he taught me gramm>4--,grant1 ,adam1 & o!rs4 ,& aga93 ,:5 a v]b 9 ! active voice gov]ns two cases1 9 ! passive x reta9s ! latt] case2 z1 ,doceor grammaticam1 ,i am taught gramm>4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #agg4 ,^! writ]s h[ev] sugge/1 t 9 reality ! latt] accusative is gov]n$1 n by ! v]b1 b by a preposition und]/ood4 ',posc]e deos v5iam is 'to ask ! gods = p>don4'--,b>nes's ,philological ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,9 g5]al ! ,engli% idiom does n co9cide ) :at occurs 9 ,lat9 "u ^! rules4 ,we commonly ins]t a preposition to gov]n "o or ! o!r ( ! t]ms4 ,b we sometimes leave to ! v]b ! objective ( ! p]son1 & sometimes t ( ! ?+2 & aft] ! two v]bs ask & tea*1 we sometimes seem to leave bo?3 z1 ,:5 ?\ do/ ask me bless+1 ,i'll kneel d[n1 & ask ( !e =giv5ess4-- ,%akspe>e4 ,9 long j\rneys1 ask y\r ma/] leave to give ale to ! horses4--,swift4 ,& he ask$ !m ( _! welf>e4--,g541 xliii1 #bg4 ,!y ask$ ( him ! p>able4--,m>k1 iv1 #aj4 7,int]rogrunt eum de p>abol4--,beza47 ,& ask+ !m que/ions--,luke1 ii1 #df4 ,b tea* !m ?y sons4--,deut41 iv1 #i4 ,tea* !m dilig5tly unto ?y *ildr5--,ib41 vi1 #g4 ',ye %all tea* !m y\r *ildr54--,ib41 xi1 #ai4 ,%all any tea* ,god k8--,job1 xxi1 #bb4 ,i w tea* y ! fe> ( ! ,"l4--,psal1 xxxiv1 #aa4 ,he w tea* u ( 8 ways4--,isaiah1 ii1 #c2 ,micah1 iv1 #b4 ,let him t is taught 9 ! ^w1 communicate4--,gal41 vi1 #f4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,aft] a c>eful review ( ! v>i\s in/ances 9 :i* m ?an "o n\n or pron\n may possibly be suppos$ to be "u ! gov]nm5t ( a s+le active v]b 9 ,engli%1 ,i incl9e to ! op9ion t none ( our v]bs ought to be p>s$ z actually gov]n+ two cases1 except su* z are foll[$ by two objectives connect$ by a conjunction4 ,consequ5tly ,i d n admit1 t any passive v]b c prop]ly gov]n an objective n\n or pron\n4 ,( ! anci5t ,saxon dative case1 & ( :at 0 once consid]$ ! gov]nm5t ( two cases1 !re yet appe> "s evid5t rema9s 9 our language2 z1 ,give him bread to eat4--,bread %all be giv5 him--,bible4 ,b "h1 by almo/ univ]sal cons5t1 ! indirect object is ref]r$ to ! gov]nm5t ( a preposition und]/ood2 & 9 _m in/ances ?is sort ( ellipsis is c]ta9ly no elegance3 z1 ,give to tru? & virtue ! same arms :i* y give to vice & falsehood1 & ! =m] are likely to prevail4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bce4 ,! que/ionable expression1 ,ask me bless+1 if int]pret$ analogically1 mu/ mean1 ,ask = me a bless+1 :i* is m correct & explicit2 or1 if me be n suppos$ a dative1 7& x does n appe> to be s1 above17 ! s5t5ce is /ill wrong1 & ! correction mu/ be1 ,ask ( me a bless+1 or1 ,ask my bless+4 ,s1 ,ask y\r ma/] leave1 ought r to be1 ,ask ( y\r ma/] leave1 ,ask y\r ma/] = leave1 or1 ,ask y\r ma/]'s leave4 ,! example f ,m>k ought to be1 ,!y ask$ him ab\t ! p>able4 ,aga91 ! elliptical s5t5ce1 ,tea* !m ?y sons1 is less p]spicu\s1 & !re=e less accurate1 ?an ! full expression1 ,tea* !m to ?y sons4 ,to tea* is to tell ?+s to p]sons1 or to in/ruct p]sons 9 ?+s2 to ask is to reque/ or dem& ?+s ( or f p]sons1 or to int]rogate or solicit p]sons ab\t or = ?+s4 ,^! v]bs _c be prov$ to gov]n two cases 9 ,engli%1 because x is m analogical & m reasonable to supply a preposition1 7if ! au?or omits x17 to gov]n "o or ! o!r ( ! objects4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,"s writ]s errone\sly all[ passive v]bs to gov]n ! objective 9 ,engli%1 n only :]e !y imag9e our idiom to co9cide ) ! ,lat91 b ev5 :]e !y "k t x does n4 ,?us ,dr4 ,crombie3 ,:atev] is put 9 ! accusative case aft] ! v]b1 mu/ be ! nom9ative to x 9 ! passive voice1 :ile ! o!r case is reta9$ "u ! gov]nm5t ( ! v]b1 & _c become its nom9ative4 ,?us1 ',i p]suade y to ?is or ( ?is1 ',p]suadeo hoc tibi4 ,"h1 ! p]son p]suad$ is express$ 9 ! dative case1 & _c1 !re=e1 be ! nom9ative to ! passive v]b4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 say1 ,hoc tibi p]suadetur1 ',y are p]suad$ ( ?is2' n1 ,tu p]suad]is4 ',he tru/$ me ) ?is affair1' or ',he believ$ me 9 ?is1' ,hoc mihi cr$idit4--,passively1 ,hoc mihi cr$itum e/4 ',i told y ?is1' ,hoc tibi dixi4 ',,y ,,7 ,,told ,,?is1' ,hoc tibi dictum e/2 n1 ,tu dictus es4 ,no1 surely3 =1 ',tu dictus es1' means1 ',y 7 call$1' or1 ',?\ art reput$2'--&1 if foll[$ by any case1 x mu/ be ! nom9ative4' ,x is ! m necess>y to att5d to ?is rule1 & to ^! di/9ctions1 z ! idioms ( ! two languages d n always concur4 ,?us1 ,hoc tibi dictum e/1 means n only ',?is 0 told to y1' b ',,y ,,7 ,,told ,,?is4' ,lib] mihi apatre promissus e/1 means bo? ',a book 0 promis$ 7to7 me by my fa!r1' & ',i ,,0 ,,promis$ ,a ,,book4' ,is primum rogatua e/ s5t5tiam1 ',he 0 fir/ ask$ = 8 op9ion1' & ',an op9ion 0 fir/ ask$ ( him2' 9 :i* la/ ! accusative ( ! p]son becomes1 9 ,lat91 ! nom9ative 9 ! passive voice4 ,see ,grants ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #baj4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,murray's second c5sure ^u passive gov]nm5t1 is ?is3 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces1 :i* give to ! passive voice ! regim5 ( an active v]b1 are v irregul>1 & by no means to be imitat$4 ',! bi%ops & abbots 7 all[$ _! seats 9 ! h\se ( lords4' ',?rasea 0 =bidd5 ! pres5ce ( ! emp]or4' ',he 0 %[n t v /ory 9 "o ( 8 own books4'#cee ,^! s5t5ces %\ld h be53 ',! bi%ops & abbots 7 all[$ to h 7or to take7 _! seats 9 ! h\se ( lords2' or1 ',seats 9 ! h\se ( lords 7 all[$ to ! bi%ops & abbots3' ',?rasea 0 =bidd5 to approa* ! pres5ce ( ! emp]or2' or1 ',! pres5ce ( ! emp]or 0 =bidd5 to ,?rasea3' ',t v /ory 0 %[n to him 9 "o ( 8 own books4'--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bbc4 ,see ,obs4 #h1 above4 ,"o late gramm>ian1 ^: /yle is on ! :ole highly comm5dable = its purity & accuracy1 =be>s to condemn ! phraseology "h spok5 (2 &1 ?\gh he does n expressly def5d & ju/ify x1 he seems dispos$ to let x pass1 ) ! lic5se ( ! foll[+ canon4 ,= conv5i5ce1 x may be well to /ate x z a rule1 t--,passive v]bs gov]n an objective1 :5 ! nom9ative to ! passive v]b is n ! prop] object ( ! active voice4--,b>n>d's ,analytic ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,an o!r ass]ts ! gov]nm5t ( two cases by v _m ( our active v]bs1 & ! gov]nm5t ( "o by almo/ any passive v]b1 accord+ to ! foll[+ rules3 ,v]bs ( tea*+1 giv+1 & "s o!rs ( a simil> nature1 gov]n two objectives1 ! "o ( a p]son & ! o!r ( a ?+2 z1 ,he taught me gramm>3 ,8 tutor gave him a lesson3 ,he promis$ me a rew>d4 ,a passive v]b may gov]n an objective1 :5 ! words imm$iately prec$+ & foll[+ x1 d n ref] to ! same ?+2 z1 ,h5ry 0 (f]$ a doll> by 8 fa!r to induce him to rema94--,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's ,gram41 pp4 #aaj & #aab4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,! common dogmas1 t an active v]b mu/ gov]n an object1 & t a neut] or intransitive v]b mu/ n1 am\nt to no?+ z directions to ! compos]2 because ! classification ( v]bs dep5ds ^u ?is v matt]1 :e!r !y h1 or h n1 an object aft] !m2 & no g5]al pr9ciple has be51 or c be1 furni%$ be=eh&1 by :i* _! fitness or unfitness = tak+ su* gov]nm5t c be det]m9$4 ,?is mu/ dep5d ^u usage1 & usage mu/ con=m to ! s5se int5d$4 ,v _m v]bs--probably a va/ majority--gov]n an object sometimes1 b n always3 _m t are commonly intransitive or neut]1 are n 9 all _! uses s2 & _m t are commonly transitive1 h sometimes no app>5t regim54 ,! di/9ction1 !n1 9 our diction>ies1 ( v]bs active & neut]1 or transitive & intransitive1 s]ves sc>cely any o!r purpose1 ?an to %[ h[ ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! objective case1 affects ! mean+ ( ! ^w4 ,9 "s in/ances ! signification ( ! v]b seems almo/ m]g$ 9 t ( its object2 z1 to lay hold1 to make use1 to take c>e4 ,9 o!rs1 ! transitive "* ( ! ^w is p>tial2 z1 ,he paid my bo>d2 ,i told y s4 ,"s v]bs w gov]n any objective :atev]2 z1 to "n1 to m5tion4 ,:at is !re t _c be nam$ or m5tion$8 ,o!rs aga9 are re/rict$ to "o n\n1 or to a few2 z1 to transgress a law1 or rule4 ,:at c be transgress$1 b a law1 a limit1 or some?+ equival5t8 ,"s v]bs w gov]n a k9dr$ n\n1 or its pron\n1 b sc>cely any o!r2 z1 ,he liv$ a virtu\s life4--,he>1 ,i pray y1 ?is dream :i* ,i h dream$--,g541 xxxvii1 #f4 ,i w also comm& ! cl\ds t !y ra9 no ra9 ^u x4--,isaiah1 v1 #f4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,our gramm>ians1 :5 !y come to det]m9e :at v]bs are prop]ly transitive1 & :at are n s1 d n 9 all in/ances agree 9 op9ion4 ,9 %ort1 pla9 z !y ?9k ! matt]1 !y are mu* at odds4 ,_m ( !m say1 t1 ,9 ! phrases1 ',to dream a dream1' ',to live a virtu\s life1' ',to run a race1' ',to walk a horse1' ',to dance a *ild1' ! v]bs assume a transitive "*1 & 9 ^! cases may be d5om9at$ active4--,see ,guy's ,gram41 p4 #ba2 ,murray's1 #ahj2 ,+]soll's1 #ahc2 ,fisk's1 #abc2 ,smi?'s1 #aec4 ,?is decision is und\bt$ly j2 yet a late writ] has tak5 a deal ( pa9s to f9d fault ) x1 & to p]suade 8 read]s1 t1 ,no v]b is active 9 any s5se1 or "u any con/ruction1 t w n1 9 e s5se1 p]mit ! objective case ( a p]sonal pron\n aft] x4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #agd4 ,wells absurdly supposes1 ,an intransitive v]b may be us$ to gov]n an objective4--,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,"s imag9e t v]bs ( m5tal action1 su* z conceive1 ?9k1 believe1 c41 are n prop]ly transitive2 &1 if !y f9d an object aft] su* a v]b1 !y *oose to supply a preposition to gov]n x3 z1 ,i conceiv$ x 7( x7 9 t light4--,guy's ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,did y conceive 7(7 him to be me8--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,) ?is idea1 few w probably concur4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,we sometimes f9d ! pron\n me ne$lessly ?r[n 9 aft] a v]b t ei!r gov]ns "s o!r object or is n prop]ly transitive1 at lea/1 9 respect to ?is ^w2 z1 ,x asc5ds me into ! bra92 dries me !re all ! fooli%1 dull1 & crudy vap\rs4--,%akspe>e's ,fal/aff4 ,!n ! vital common]s & inl& petty spirits mu/] me all to _! capta91 ! he>t4--,id4 ,?is is a faulty relic ( our old ,saxon dative case4 ,s ( ! second p]son2 ,f>e y well1 ,fal/aff4--,%ak4 ,"h y 0 writt5 = ! objective case1 b x seems n[ to h become ! nom9ative to ! v]b f>e4 ,f>e !e well4--,w4 ,scott4 ,f>ewell to !e4--,id4 ,^! expressions 7 once equival5t 9 syntax2 b !y are h>dly s n[2 &1 9 lieu ( ! =m]1 x w\ld seem bett] ,engli% to say1 ,f>e ?\ well4 ,aga93 ,turn !e aside to ?y "r h& or to ?y left1 & lay !e hold on "o ( ! "y m51 & take !e 8 arm\r4--#b ,sam41 ii1 #ba4 ,if any mod]n au?or _h writt5 ?is1 our critics w\ld h guess$ he _h le>n$ f "s ( ! ,quak]s to misemploy !e = ?\4 ,! con/ruction is an imitation ( ! ,fr5* reciprocal or reflect$ v]bs4 ,x ought to be ?us3 ,turn ?\ aside to ?y "r h& or to ?y left1 & lay hold on "o ( ! "y m51 & take to ?yself 8 arm\r4 ,s ( ! ?ird p]son3 ,! k+ soon f\nd reason to rep5t him ( 8 provok+ su* dang]\s enemies4--,,hume3 ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ahj4 ,"h bo? ( ! pron\ns are worse ?an useless1 ?\gh ,murray disc]n$ b "o error4 ,good ,m>g>et1 run !e into ! p>l\r2 ,!re ?\ %alt f9d my c\s9 ,beatrice4--,,%ak43 ,mu* ,ado4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,v4 ,,note ,i4--,^? v]bs or p>ticiples :i* require a regim51 or :i* signify action t mu/ t]m9ate transitively1 %\ld n be us$ )\t an object2 z1 ,%e affects k9dness1 9 ord] to +ratiate h]self ) y4--,i mu/ caution y1 at ! same "t1 aga9/ a s]vile imitation ( any au?or :atev]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aib4 ,,note ,,ii4--,^? v]bs & p>ticiples :i* d n admit an object1 or :i* express action t t]m9ates 9 !mselves1 or ) ! do]1 %\ld n be us$ transitively2 z1 ,! plant]s gr[ cotton4 ,say raise1 produce1 or cultivate4 ,d>e y speak lightly ( ! law1 or move t1 9 a crim9al trial1 judges %\ld advance "o /ep beyond :at x p]mits !m to g8--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgh4 ,say1--beyond ! po9t to :i* x p]mits !m to g4 ,,note ,,iii4--,no transitive v]b or p>ticiple %\ld assume a gov]nm5t to :i* its own mean+ is n adapt$2 z1 ,?\ is a pron\n1 a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n--p]sonal1 x p]sonates 'man4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,say1 ,x repres5ts man4 ,:]e a /r+ ( su* s5t5ces succe$ ea* o!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afh4 ,say1 ,:]e _m su* s5t5ces come 9 succession4 ,,note ,,iv4--,! passive v]b %\ld always take = its subject or nom9ative ! direct object ( ! active-transitive v]b f :i* x is d]iv$2 z1 7,active17 ,!y d5i$ me ?is privilege4 7,passive17 ,?is privilege 0 d5i$ me2 n1 ,i 0 d5i$ ?is privilege3 = me may be gov]n$ by to und]/ood1 b privilege _c1 nor c any o!r regim5 be f\nd = x4 ,,note ,v4--,passive v]bs %\ld nev] be made to gov]n ! objective case1 because ! receiv+ ( an action supposes x to t]m9ate on ! subject or nom9ative4#cef ,errors3 ,sometimes x is made use ( to give a small degree ( emphasis4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aig4 ,say1 ,sometimes x is us$1 c4 ,8 female *>act]s h be5 f\nd fault ) z insipid4--,hazlitt's ,lect41 p4 #aaa4 ,say1--h be5 c5sur$2 or1--h be5 blam$1 decri$1 disprais$1 or condemn$4 ,,note ,,vi4--,! p]fect p>ticiple1 z su*1 %\ld nev] be made to gov]n any objective t]m2 because1 )\t an active auxili>y1 its signification is almo/ always passive3 z1 ,we %all set d[n ! *>act]s made use ( to repres5t all ! elem5t>y s\nds4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #e2 ,fisk's1 #cd4 ,say1--! *>act]s employ$1 or us$4 ,,note ,,vii4--,z ! diff]5t cases 9 ,engli% are n always di/+ui%$ by _! =m1 c>e mu/ be tak5 le/ _! con/ruction be f\nd equivocal1 or ambigu\s2 z1 ,& we %all always f9d our s5t5ces acquire m vig\r & en]gy :5 ?us retr5*$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aaa4 ,say1 ,we %all always f9d t our s5t5ces acquire m vig\r1 c42 or1 ,we %all always f9d our s5t5ces to acquire m vig\r & en]gy :5 ?us retr5*$4 ,,note ,,viii4--,9 ! language ( our ,bible1 rightly quot$ or pr9t$1 ye is n f\nd 9 ! objective case1 nor y 9 ! nom9ative2 scriptural texts t pres]ve n ?is di/9ction ( cases1 are consequ5tly to be consid]$ inaccurate4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,v4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,objective ,,=m4 ,:o %\ld ,i meet ! o!r day b my old fri5d6--,spectator1 ,no4 #cb4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n :o is 9 ! nom9ative case1 & is us$ z ! object ( ! active-transitive v]b %\ld meet4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,!re=e1 :o %\ld be :om2 ?us1 ,:om %\ld ,i meet1 c4 ,let n him boa/ t puts on 8 arm\r1 b he t takes x (f4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #bfb4 ,let none t\* x1 b !y :o are clean4--,sale's ,koran1 #ie4 ,let ! sea ro>1 & ! fullness !re(2 ! _w1 & !y t dwell !re94--,psalms1 xcviii1 #g4 ,pray be private1 & c>eful :o y tru/4--,mrs4 ,g(fe's ,lett]4 ,h[ %all ! p "k :o to entru/ ) _! prop]ty & _! lib]ties8-- ,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #cja4 ,! *apla9 entreat$ my comrade & ,i to dress z well z possible4--,_w ,display$1 i1 #afc4 ,he t come? unto me1 ,i w 9 no wise ca/ out4--,tract1 ,no4 #c1 p4 #f4 ,:o1 dur+ ?is prep>ation1 !y con/antly & solemnly invoke4--,hope ( ,israel1 p4 #hd4 ,:oev] or :atev] owes u1 is ,debtor2 :oev] or :atev] we owe1 is ,cr$itor4--,m>%'s ,book-,keep+1 p4 #bc4 ,decl>+ ! curricle 0 81 & he %\ld h :o he *ose 9 x4--,anna ,ross1 p4 #adg4 ,! fact is1 ,burke is ! only "o ( all ! ho/ ( brilliant contempor>ies :o we c rank z a fir/-rate orator4--,! ,knick]bock]1 ,may1 #ahcc4 ,?us y see1 h[ naturally ! ,fribbles & ! ,daffodils h produc$ ! ,messal9a's ( our "t3--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #ec4 ,!y w\ld f9d 9 ! ,roman li/ bo? ! ,scipio's4--,ib41 ii1 #gf4 ,he f\nd 8 wife's clo!s on fire1 & %e j expir+4--,new-,york ,obs]v]4 ,to pres5t ye holy1 unblameable1 & unreproveable 9 8 sight4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #cec4 ,let ! di/ribut] d 8 duty ) simplicity2 ! sup]9t5d5t1 ) dilig5ce2 he :o p]=ms (fices ( compassion1 ) *e]fulness4--,/u>t's ,romans1 xii1 #i4 ,if ! crew rail at ! ma/] ( ! vessel1 :o w !y m9d8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ajf4 ,he hav+ none b !m1 !y hav+ none b hee4--,,drayton',s ,polyolbion4 ,?\1 nature1 p>tial nature1 ,i arraign6 ,( ?y caprice mat]nal ,i compla96--,burns's ,poems1 p4 #ej4 ,nor kn[s he :o x is 8 arms pursue ,) eag] clasps1 b loves he kn[s n :o4--,addison's1 p4 #bah4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,v]bs ,,transitive4 ,:5 x gives t s5se1 & also connects1 x is a conjunction4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,?\gh ?\ wilt n ackn[l$ge1 ?\ can/ n d5y ! fact4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bji4 ,!y specify1 l _m o!r adjectives1 & connect s5t5ces4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,! violation ( ?is rule t5ds s mu* to p]plex & obscure1 t x is saf] to err by too _m %ort s5t5ces4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cab4 ,a few ,ex]cises are subjo9$ to ea* important def9ition1 = him to practice ^u z he proce$s 9 committ+4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 #c;d ,ed41 p4 vii4 ,a v]b signify+ actively gov]ns ! accusative4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aga2 ,g\ld's1 #agb2 ,grant's1 #aii2 & o!rs4 ,or1 any ^w t w conjugate1 is a v]b4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,9 ^! two conclud+ s5t5ces1 ! au?or1 ha/5+ to f9i%1 appe>s to write r c>elessly4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #baf4 ,he simply reasons on "o side ( ! "q1 & !n f9i%es4--,ib41 p4 #cjf4 ,praise to ,god tea*es to be humble & l[ly ourselves4--,,att]bury3 ib41 p4 #cjd4 ,?is au?or has endeavor$ to surpass4--,gre5's ,inductive ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,idl5ess & plezure fateeg az soon az bizz9ess4--,noah ,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #djb4 ,&1 9 conjugat+1 y mu/ pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! mann] 9 :i* ^! signs are appli$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,he said ,virg9ia w\ld h emancipat$ long ago4--,! ,lib]ator1 ix1 #cc4 ,& hav+ 9 a read9ess to rev5ge all disob$i5ce4--#b ,cor41 x1 #f4 ,h[ev]1 9 ^! cases1 cu/om g5]ally det]m9es4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,9 pro(1 let ! foll[+ cases demon/rate4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,we mu/ surprise1 t he %\ld s spe$ily h =gott5 8 fir/ pr9ciples4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,h[ %\ld we surprise at ! expression1 ',?is is a s(t "q6'--,ib41 p4 #bai4 ,& su* z pref]1 c p>se x z a possessive adjective4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,to assign all ! reasons1 t induc$ to deviate f o!r gramm>ians1 w\ld lead to a ne$less prolixity4--,alex&]'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,! ,indicative mood simply indicates or decl>es4--,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,v]bs ,,intransitive4 ,9 8 sev5? *apt] he expatiate? himself at great l5g?4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #cej4 ,he qu>relle? my br++ "s te/imonies ( antiquity1 agree+ ) :at ,i say4--,ib41 iii1 #cgc4 ,rep5t+ him ( 8 design4--,hume's ,hi/41 ii1 #ef4 ,h5ry knew1 t an excommunication c\ld n fail ( op]at+ ! mo/ dang]\s effects4--,ib41 ii1 #afe4 ,! popul> lords did n fail to enl>ge !mselves on ! subject4--,mrs4 ,macaulay's ,hi/41 iii1 #agg4 ,he is always ma/] ( 8 subject2 & seems to play himself ) x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dde4 ,b z soon z x comes ! l5g? ( disease1 all 8 secret infirmities %ew !mselves4--,ib41 p4 #bef4 ,no man rep5t$ him ( 8 wick$ness4--,j]emiah1 viii1 #f4 ,g !e "o way or o!r1 ei!r on ! "r h&1 or on ! left4--,ezekiel1 xxi1 #af4 ,he lies him d[n by ! riv]s side4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ii4 ,my desire has be5 = "s ye>s pa/1 to retire myself to "s ( our ,am]ican plantations4--,c[ley's ,pref4 to 8 ,poems1 p4 vii4 ,i fe> me ?\ wilt %r9k f ! paym5t ( x4--,z5obia1 i1 #gf4 ,we nev] recur an idea1 )\t acquir+ "s comb9ation4--,ripp+ham's ,art ( ,speak+1 p4 xxxii4 ,yet m2 ! /roke ( dea? he mu/ abide1 ,!n lies him meekly d[n fa/ by 8 bre?r5's side4--,milton4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,( ,,v]bs ,,misappli$4 ,a p>liam5t =feit$ all ^? :o _h borne arms aga9/ ! k+4--,hume's ,hi/41 ii1 #bbc4 ,! practice ( =feit+ %ips :i* _h be5 wreck$4--,ib41 i1 #ejj4 ,! ne>] 8 milit>y successes approa*$ him to ! ?rone4--,ib41 v1 #chc4 ,9 ! next example1 y p]sonifies ladies1 !re=e x is plural4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,! fir/ its p]sonates vale2 ! second its repres5ts /ream4--,ib41 p4 #ajc4 ,pron\ns d n always avoid ! repetition ( n\ns4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,v is an adv]b ( comp>ison1 x comp>es ! adjective good4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,y w please to commit ! foll[+ p>agraph4--,ib41 p4 #adj4 ,ev5 ! ,greek & ,lat9 passive v]bs require an auxili>y to conjugate "s ( _! t5ses4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,! depon5t v]bs1 9 ,lat91 require also an auxili>y to conjugate sev]al ( _! t5ses4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,i h no d\bt he made z wise & true prov]bs1 z any body has done s9ce4--,ib41 p4 #ade4 ,a uni=m v>iety assumes z _m set =ms z ,proteus _h %apes4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #gb4 ,:5 words 9 apposition foll[ ea* o!r 9 quick succession4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #eg4 ,:]e su* s5t5ces frequ5tly succe$ ea* o!r4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cdi4 ,wisdom leads u to speak & act :at is mo/ prop]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ii2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cjc4 ,jul4 ,art ?\ n ,romeo1 & a ,montague8 ,rom4 ,nei!r1 fair sa9t1 if ei!r !e dislike4--,%ak4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,passive ,,v]bs4 ,we too mu/ be all[$ ! privilege ( =m+ our own laws4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,= we are n only all[$ ! use ( all ! anci5t poetic feet1 c4--,ib41 p4 #bei2 ,kirkham's ,elocution1 #adc2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #caj4 ,by :at code ( morals am ,i d5i$ ! "r & privilege8--,dr4 ,b>tlett's ,lect41 p4 #d4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel h alone be5 d5i$ ! possession ( x4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #fh4 ,at ,york fifte5 hundr$ ,jews 7 refus$ all qu>t]4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,he w\ld tea* ! ,fr5* language 9 ?ree lessons1 provid$ he 0 paid fifty-five doll>s 9 advance4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #d4 ,& :5 he 0 dem&$ ( ! ,ph>isees1 :5 ! k+dom ( ,god %\ld come4--,luke1 xvii1 #bj4 ,i h be5 %[n a book4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cib4 ,john ,horne ,tooke 0 refus$ admission only because he _h be5 9 holy ord]s4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 i1 #fj4 ,mr4 ,horne ,tooke hav+ tak5 ord]s1 he 0 refus$ admission to ! b>4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,its ref]5ce to place is lo/ sight (4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,:at /rik+ lesson are we taught by ! t5or ( ?is hi/ory8--,bu%'s ,que/ions1 p4 #ga4 ,he _h be5 left1 by a fri5d1 no less ?an eighty ?\s& p\nds4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,:]e !re are _m ?+s to be done1 ea* mu/ be all[$ its %>e ( "t & lab\r4--,johnson's ,pref4 to ,dict41 p4 xiii4 ,pres5t+ ! subject 9 a f> m practical =m ?an x has be5 h]et(ore giv54--,kirkham's ,phr5ology1 p4 v4 ,if a be+ ( entire imp>tiality %\ld be %[n ! two companies4--,scott's ,pref4 to ,bible1 p4 vii4 ,he 0 (f]$ ! comm& ( ! ,briti% army4--,grim%aw's ,hi/41 p4 #ha4 ,:o _h be5 unexpect$ly left a consid]able sum4--,johnson's ,life ( ,goldsmi?4 ,:e!r a maid or a wid[ may be grant$ su* a privilege4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ecf4 ,happily all ^! affect$ t]ms h be5 d5i$ ! public suffrage4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aii4 ,let him next be %ewn ! p>s+ table4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 viii4 ,!nce1 he may be %[n ! use ( ! ,analyz+ ,table4--,ib41 p4 ix4 ,pittacus 0 (f]$ a great sum ( money4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bbh4 ,he _h be5 all[$ m "t = /udy4--,ib41 p4 #bbi4 ,if ! walks 7 a little tak5 c>e ( t lie betwe5 !m4--,addison's ,spect41 ,no4 #dad4 ,suppose ,i am (f]$ an (fice or a bribe4--,pi]pont's ,disc\rse1 ,jan4 #bg1 #ahci4 ,am ,i "o *a/e1 "o la/ embrace d5y'd8 ,%all ,i n lay me by 8 clay-cold side8 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #ajc4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,passive ,,v]bs ,,transitive4 ,! preposition to is made use ( be=e n\ns ( place1 :5 !y foll[ v]bs & p>ticiples ( motion4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bjc2 ,+]soll's1 #bca2 ,gre5lef's1 #ce2 ,fisk's1 #adc2 ,smi?'s1 #agj2 ,guy's1 #ij2 ,f[l]'s1 #eee4 ,!y 7 refus$ entrance into ! h\se4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bjd4 ,_! sep>ate signification has be5 lo/ sight (4--,horne ,tooke1 ii1 #dbb4 ,b1 :5ev] ye is made use (1 x mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative1 & nev] 9 ! objective1 case4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #eh4 ,x is said1 t m p]sons ?an "o are paid h&some sal>ies1 = tak+ c>e to see acts ( p>liam5t prop]ly word$4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ccd4 ,! foll[+ ,rudim5ts ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 h be5 made use ( 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4--,,dr4 ,,rog]s3 9 ,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,x nev] %\ld be lo/ sight (4--,newman's ,rhetoric1 p4 #ai4 ,a v curi\s fact ha? be5 tak5 notice ( by ^? exp]t metaphysicians4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bha4 ,! ar*bi%op int]f]$ t ,mi*elet's lectures might be put a /op to4--,! ,fri5d1 ix1 #cgh4 ,! di/urbances 9 ,gott5g5 h be5 entirely put an end to4--,daily ,adv]tis]4 ,besides ^? t are tak5 notice ( 9 ^! exceptions4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,z "o1 two1 or ?ree auxili>y v]bs are made use (4--,ib41 p4 #bd4 ,! argum5ts :i* h be5 made use (4--,addison's ,evid5ces1 p4 #cb4 ,! circum/ance is prop]ly tak5 notice ( by ! au?or4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bag4 ,patagonia has nev] be5 tak5 possession ( by any ,european nation4--,cumm+'s ,geog41 p4 #fb4 ,he w be f\nd fault )al no m1 i4 e4 n h]eaft]4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bbf4 ,! ?+ 0 to be put an end to someh[4--,leigh ,hunt's ,byron1 p4 #ae4 ,9 #agih1 ! ,papal ,t]ritory 0 tak5 possession ( by ! ,fr5*4--,p9nock's ,geog41 p4 #bbc4 ,! idea has n = a mom5t be5 lo/ sight ( by ! ,bo>d4--,common ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 i1 #cg4 ,i %all easily be excus$ ! lab\r ( m transcription4--,johnson's ,life ( ,dryd54 ,if ,i may be all[$ t expression4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bei1 & #bhh4 ,if )\t (f5ce ,i may be indulg$ ! obs]vation4--,ib41 p4 #bie4 ,!re are o!r *>act]s1 :i* are frequ5tly made use ( 9 composition4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bhj2 ,+]soll's1 #bic4 ,su* unacc\ntable infirmities might be 9 _m1 p]haps 9 mo/1 cases got ! bett] (4--,seattle's ,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #aec4 ,:i* ought nev] to be _h rec\rse to4--,ib41 i1 #ahf4 ,t ! wid[s may be tak5 c>e (4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dii4 ,o!r cavils w yet be tak5 notice (4--,pope's ,pref4 to ,hom]4 ,:i* implies1 t all ,*ri/ians are (f]$ et]nal salvation4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #adi4 ,yet ev5 ! dogs are all[$ ! crumbs :i* fall f _! ma/]'s table4--,campbell's ,gospels1 ,matt41 xv4 #bg4 ,= we say ! light )9 mu/ be tak5 he$ unto4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #adh4 ,?is s\nd ( a is tak5 notice ( 9 ,/eele's ,gramm>4--,walk]'s ,dict41 p4 #bb4 ,"o came to be paid t5 gu9eas = a pair ( silv] buckles4--,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #ajd4 ,let him1 !re=e1 be c>efully %ewn ! application ( ! sev]al que/ions 9 ! table4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #h1 ,aft] a few times1 x is no long] tak5 notice ( by ! he>]s4--,%]idan's ,lect41 p4 #ahb4 ,x w n admit ( ! same excuse1 nor be all[$ ! same indulg5ce1 by p ( any disc]nm5t4--,ibid4 ,inanimate ?+s may be made prop]ty (4--,beanie's ,m4 ,sci41 p4 #cee4 ,&1 :5 he's bid a lib]all] price1 ,w n be sluggi% 9 ! "w1 nor nice4--,butl]'s ,poems1 p4 #afb4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,p]fect ,,p>ticiples4 ,all ! words made use ( to d5ote spiritual & intellectual ?+s1 are 9 _! orig9 metaphors4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #chj4 ,a reply to an argum5t commonly made use ( by unbeliev]s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bic4 ,x 0 h]et(ore ! only =m made use ( 9 ! pret] t5ses4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,( ! po9ts1 & o!r *>act]s made use ( 9 writ+4--,ib41 p4 xv4 ,if ?y be ! p]sonal pron\n made use (4--,walk]'s ,dict4 ,! ,conjunction is a ^w made use ( to connect s5t5ces4--,burn's ,gram41 p4 #bh4 ,! po9ts made use ( to answ] ^! purposes are ! f\r foll[+4--,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,inc5se signifies p]fumes exhal$ by fire1 & made use ( 9 religi\s c]emonies4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aga4 ,9 mo/ ( 8 orations1 !re is too mu* art2 ev5 c>ri$ ! l5g? ( o/5tation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdf4 ,to illu/rate ! great tru?1 s (t5 lo/ sight ( 9 our times4--,common ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 ,i1 #hh4 ,! pr9cipal figures1 made use ( to affect ! he>t1 are ,exclamation1 ,confession1 ,deprecation1 ,comm9ation1 & ,imprecation4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #acc4 ,disgu/$ at ! odi\s artifices made use ( by ! ,judge4--,junius1 p4 #ac4 ,! :ole reasons ( our be+ allott$ a condition1 out ( :i* s mu* wick$ness & mis]y w\ld 9 fact arise4--,butl]'s ,analogy p4 #aji4 ,"s *>act]i/ieal circum/ance be+ g5]ally inv5t$ or laid hold (4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bdf4 ,& by is likewise u'd ) ,names t %ew ,! ,means made use (1 or ! ,me?od h[4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #aje4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,con/ructions ,,ambigu\s4 ,_m adv]bs admit ( degrees ( comp>ison z well z adjectives4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,b ! au?or1 :o1 by ! numb] & reputation ( 8 works1 =m$ our language m ?an any "o1 into its pres5t /ate1 is ,dryd54--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ahj4 ,9 "s ,/ates1 ,c\rts ( ,admiralty h no juries1 nor ,c\rts ( ,*anc]y at all4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p1 #adf4 ,i feel myself grateful to my fri5d4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bgf4 ,?is requires a writ] to h1 himself1 a v cle> appreh5sion ( ! object he means to pres5t to u4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #id4 ,s5se has its own h>mony1 z well z s\nd4--lb41 p4 #abg4 ,! apo/rophe d5otes ! omission ( an i :i* 0 =m]ly ins]t$1 & made an addition ( a syllable to ! ^w4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,!re are few1 :om ,i c ref] to1 ) m advantage ?an ,mr4 ,addison4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aci4 ,,dea?1 9 !ology1 is a p]petual sep>ation f ,god1 & et]nal torm5ts4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,t c\ld in=m ! travel] z well z ! old man himself6--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cde4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,ye ,,& ,,y ,,9 ,,scripture4 ,ye daught]s ( ,rabbah1 gird ye ) sackclo?4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,j]41 xlix1 #c4 ,wa% ye1 make y clean4--,br[n's ,concordance1 w4 ,wa%4 ,/rip ye1 & make ye b>e1 & gird sackclo? ^u y\r lo9s4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,isaiah1 xxxii1 #aa4 ,y are n a%am$ t y make y\rselves /range to me4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,job1 xix1 #c4 ,y are n a%am$ t ye make y\rselves /range to me4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ib4 ,if y knew ! gift ( ,god4--,br[n's ,concordance1 w4 ,knew4 ,dep>t f me1 ye work]s ( iniquity1 ,i "k ye n4--,p5+ton's ,works1 ii1 #abb4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,same ,,cases4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n put aft] a v]b or p>ticiple n transitive1 agrees 9 case ) a prec$+ n\n or pron\n ref]r+ to ! same ?+3 z1 ,x is ,i4--,^! are !y4--,! *ild 0 nam$ ,john4--,x c\ld n be he4--,! ,"l sitte? ,k+ =ev]4--,psalms1 xxix1 #aj4 ,:at w> c\ld ravi%1 comm]ce c\ld be/[1 ,& he return'd a fri5d1 :o came a foe4 --,pope1 ,ep4 iii1 l4 #bjf4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,vi4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,active-transitive v]bs1 & _! imp]fect & prep]fect p>ticiples1 always gov]n ! objective case2 b active-intransitive1 passive1 & neut] v]bs1 & _! p>ticiples1 take ! same case aft] z be=e !m1 :5 bo? words ref] to ! same ?+4 ,! latt] are rightly suppos$ n to gov]n#ceg any case2 nor are !y 9 g5]al foll[$ by any n\n or pron\n4 ,b1 because !y are n transitive1 "s ( !m become connectives to su* words z are 9 ! same case & signify ! same ?+4 ,t is1 _! f9ite t5ses may be foll[$ by a nom9ative1 & _! inf9itives & p>ticiples by a nom9ative or an objective1 agree+ ) a n\n or a pron\n :i* prec$es !m4 ,! cases are ! same1 because ! p]son or ?+ is "o2 z1 ,i am he4--,?\ art ,pet]4--,civil gov]nm5t be+ ! sole object ( =m+ societies1 its adm9i/ration mu/ be conduct$ by common cons5t4--,jeff]son's ,notes1 p4 #abi4 ,id5tity is bo? ! f\ndation & ! *>act]i/ic ( ?is con/ruction4 ,we *iefly use x to affirm or d5y1 to sugge/ or "q1 ! sam5ess ( ?+s2 b sometimes figuratively1 to illu/rate ! relations ( p]sons or ?+s by comp>ison3#ceh z1 ,i am ! true v9e1 & my ,fa!r is ! husb&man4--,john1 xv1 #a4 ,i am ! v9e1 ye are ! bran*es4--,john1 xv1 #e4 ,ev5 ! names ( direct opposites1 are sometimes put 9 ! same case1 "u ?is rule2 z1 ,by su* a *ange ?y d>kness is made light1 ,?y *aos ord]1 & ?y weakness might4--,c[p]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hh4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 ?is rule1 ! t]ms aft] & prec$+ ref] r to ! ord] ( ! s5se & con/ruction1 ?an to ! m]e plac+ ( ! words2 = ! words 9 fact admit ( v>i\s positions4 ,! prop] subject ( ! v]b is ! nom9ative to x1 or be=e x1 by ,rule #b;d2 & ! o!r nom9ative1 h[ev] plac$1 is und]/ood to be t :i* comes aft] x1 by ,rule #f?4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! prop] subject prec$es ! v]b1 & ! o!r ^w foll[s x1 agreeably to ! lit]al s5se ( ! rule4 ,b :5 ! prop] subject is plac$ aft] ! v]b1 z 9 c]ta9 in/ances specifi$ 9 ! second obs]vation "u ,rule #b;d1 ! explanatory nom9ative is commonly introduc$ /ill lat]2 z1 ,b be ?\ an example ( ! believ]s4--#a ,tim4 iv1 #ab4 ,b :at6 is ?y s]vant a dog8--#b ,k+s1 viii1 #ac4 ,& s w\ld ,i1 7 ,i ,p>m5io4--,goldsmi?4 ,o ,conlo*'s daught]6 is x ?\8--,ossian4 ,b 9 ! foll[+ example1 on ! contr>y1 !re is a transposition ( ! entire l9es1 & ! v]b agrees ) ! two nom9atives 9 ! latt]3 ,to !e 7 solemn toys or empty %[1 ,! robes ( pleasure & ! veils ( wo4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 int]rogative s5t5ces1 ! t]ms are usually transpos$1#cei or bo? are plac$ aft] ! v]b2 z1 ,am ,i a ,jew8--,john1 xviii1 #ce4 ,art ?\ a k+ !n8--,ib41 v]4 #cg4 ,:at is tru?8--,ib41 v]4 #ch4 ,:o art ?\8--,ib41 i1 #ai4 ,art ?\ ,elias8--,ib41 i1 #ba4 ,tell me1 ,alciphron1 is n di/ance a l9e turn$ endwise to ! eye8--,b]kley's ,dialogues1 p4 #afa4 ,:5ce1 & :at art ?\1 execrable %ape8--,milton4 ,art ?\ t traitor angel8 art ?\ he8--,idem4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,9 a decl>ative s5t5ce also1 !re may be a rhetorical or poetical transposition ( "o or bo? ( ! t]ms3 z1 ,& ,i ?y victim n[ rema94--,francis's ,horace1 ii1 #de4 ,to ?y own dogs a prey ?\ %alt be made4--,pope's ,hom]1 ,i 0 eyes to ! bl9d1 & feet 0 ,i to ! lame4--,job1 xxix1 #ae4 ,f> o!r sc5e is ,?rasym5 n[4--,byron4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ! latt] t]m is palpably misplac$3 ,x does n cle>ly appe> at fir/ :at ! antec$5t is to !y4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bah4 ,say r3 ,x does n cle>ly appe> at fir/1 :at is ! antec$5t to ! pron\n !y4 ,9 examples transpos$ l ! foll[+1 !re is an elegant ellipsis ( ! v]b to :i* ! pron\n is nom9ative2 z1 am1 art1 c4 ,:5 pa9 & angui% wr+ ! br[1 ,a m9i/]+ angel ?\4--,scott's ,m>mion4 ,! =um's *ampion1 & ! p's *ief1 ,h] new-born ,numa ?\--) reign1 alas6 too brief4--,byron4 ,= ?is commission'd1 ,i =sook ! sky-- ,nay1 cease to kneel--?y fell[-s]vant ,i4--,p>nell4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 "s peculi> con/ructions1 bo? words naturally come be=e ! v]b2 z1 ,i "k n :o %e is4--,:o did y say x 08--,i "k n h[ to tell !e :o ,i am4--,romeo4 ,inquire ?\ ^: son ! /ripl+ is4--#a ,sam41 xvii1 #ef4 ,man w\ld n be ! creature :i* he n[ is4--,blair4 ,i c\ld n guess :o x %\ld be4--,addison4 ,& !y are sometimes plac$ 9 ?is mann] by hyb]baton sic--,,k?1 or transposition2 z1 ,yet he x is4--,"y4 ,no contemptible orator he 04--,dr4 ,blair4 ,he x is to :om ,i %all give a sop4--,john1 xiii1 #bf4 ,& a v noble p]sonage ,cato is4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #deg4 ,cl\ds !y are )\t wat]4--,jude1 #ab4 ,( worm or s]p5t k9d x some?+ look$1 ,b mon/r\s1 ) a ?\s& snaky heads4--,pollok1 ,b4 i1 l4 #ahc4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,z inf9itives & p>ticiples h no nom9atives ( _! own1 su* ( !m z are n transitive 9 _! nature1 may take diff]5t cases aft] !m2 &1 9 ord] to det]m9e :at case x is t foll[s !m1 ! le>n] mu/ c>efully obs]ve :at prec$+ ^w d5otes ! same p]son or ?+1 & apply ! pr9ciple ( ! rule accord+ly4 ,?is ^w be+ (t5 remote1 & sometimes und]/ood1 ! s5se is ! only clew to ! con/ruction4 ,examples3 ,:o !n c be> ! ?\ght ( be+ an outca/ f 8 pres5ce8--,addison4 ,"h outca/ agrees ) :o1 & n ) ?\ght4 ,i _c help be+ s passionate an admir] z ,i am4--,/eele4 ,"h admir] agrees ) ,i4 ,to recomm5d :at ! sob]] "p ( mank9d look ^u to be a trifle4--,/eele4 ,"h trifle agrees ) :at z relative1 ! objective gov]n$ by ^u4 ,x w\ld be a romantic madness1 = a man to be a "l 9 8 closet4--,id4 ,"h madness is 9 ! nom9ative case1 agree+ ) x2 & "l1 9 ! objective1 agree+ ) man4 ,to affect to be a "l 9 "o's closet1 w\ld be a romantic madness4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce also1 "l is 9 ! objective1 aft] to be2 & madness1 9 ! nom9ative1 aft] w\ld be4 ',my de> ,tibullus6' ,if t w n d1 ,let me be ,horace1 & be ,ovid y4--,pope1 ,b4 ii1 ,ep4 ii1 #adc4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,an active-intransitive or a neut] p>ticiple 9 +1 :5 gov]n$ by a preposition1 is (t5 foll[$ by a n\n or a pron\n ! case ( :i* dep5ds n on ! preposition1 b on ! case :i* goes be=e4 ,example3 ,! ,jews 7 9 a p>ticul> mann] ridicul$ = be+ a cr$ul\s p4--,addison's ,evid5ces1 p4 #bh4 ,"h p is 9 ! nom9ative case1 agree+ ) ,jews4 ,aga93 ,! le>n$ pagans ridicul$ ! ,jews = be+ a cr$ul\s p4 ,"h p is 9 ! objective case1 because ! prec$+ n\n ,jews is s4 ,9 bo? in/ances ! preposition = gov]ns ! p>ticiple be+1 & no?+ else4 ,! atroci\s crime ( be+ a "y man1 ,i %all nei!r attempt to palliate or d5y4--,,pitt3 ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hb2 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's1 #agd4 ,sanborn has ?is text1 ) nor = or4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,?is example has be5 errone\sly cit$1 z "o 9 :i* ! case ( ! n\n aft] ! p>ticiple is n det]m9$ by its relation to any o!r ^w4 ,sanborn absurdly supposes x to be 9 ! nom9ative indep5d5t4 ,bullions z /rangely tells u1 x may correctly be call$ ! objective indef9ite--l me 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,he 0 n sure ( its be+ me4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,?is latt] text ,i take to be bad ,engli%4 ,x %\ld be1 ,he 0 n sure ( x z be+ me2 or1 ,he 0 n sure t x 0 ,i4 ,b1 9 ! text above1 !re is an evid5t transposition4 ,! syntactical ord] is ?is3 ,i %all nei!r d5y nor attempt to palliate ! atroci\s crime ( be+ a "y man4 ,! words man & ,i ref] to ! same p]son1 & are !re=e 9 ! same case1 accord+ to ! rule :i* ,i h giv5 above4 ,,obs4 #h4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 9 8 late ,gramm>1 improp]ly d5om9ates ?is case aft] ! p>ticiple be+1 ! pr$icate-nom9ative1 & imag9es t x necess>ily rema9s a nom9ative ev5 :5 ! possessive case prec$es ! p>ticiple4 ,if he 7 "r 9 ?is1 !re w\ld be an important exception to ,rule #f? above4 ,b s s+ul>ly absurd is 8 doctr9e ab\t abridg$ pr$icates1 t 9 g5]al ! abridg+ %[s an increase ( syllables1 & (t5 a conv]sion ( good ,engli% into bad4 ,= example3 ,x ! pr$icate rema9s un*ang$ 9 ! nom9ative1 :51 ) ! p>ticiple ( ! copula1 x becomes a v]bal n\n1 limit$ by ! possessive case ( ! subject2 z1 ',t he 0 a =eign] prev5t$ 8 election1'',8 be+ a =eign] prev5t$ 8 election4'--,gre5e's ,analysis1 p4 #afi4 ,"h ! numb] ( syllables is unalt]$2 b =eign] is v improp]ly call$ a v]bal n\n1 & an example :i* only lacks a comma1 is *ang$ to :at ,wells rightly calls an anomal\s expression1 & "o :]e9 t au?or supposes =eign] & 8 to be necess>ily 9 ! same case4 ,b ,gre5e v>ies ?is example into o!r abridg$ =ms1 ?us3 ,i knew t he 0 a =eign]1 ,i knew 8 be+1 or ( 8 be+ a =eign]4 ,! fact t he 0 a =eign]1 ( 8 be+ a =eign]1 0 und5iable4 ,:5 he 0 fir/ call$ a =eign]1 on 8 be+ fir/ call$ a =eign]1 8 ang] 0 excit$4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,all ^! *anges enl>ge1 r ?an abridge1 ! expression2 &1 at ! same "t1 make x que/ionable ,engli%1 to say ! lea/ ( x4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,9 "s examples1 ! adv]b !re prec$es ! p>ticiple1 & we evid5tly h no?+ by :i* to det]m9e ! case t foll[s2 z1 ,^! judges 7 twelve 9 numb]4 ,0 ?is ow+ to !re be+ twelve prim>y deities among ! ,go?ic nations8--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bfc4 ,say r3 ,0 ?is because !re 7 twelve prim>y deities among ! ,go?ic nations8 ,h[ _m are injur$ by ,adam's fall1 t "k no?+ ( !re ev] be+ su* a man 9 ! _w6--,b>clay's ,apology1 p4 #ahe4 ,say r1--:o "k n t !re ev] 0 su* a man 9 ! _w6 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,9 "s o!r examples1 we f9d a possessive be=e ! p>ticiple1 & a d\btful case aft] x2 z1 ,?is our ,savi\r himself 0 pleas$ to make use ( z ! /ronge/ argum5t ( 8 be+ ! promis$ ,messiah--,addison's ,evid5ces1 p4 #ha4 ,b my *ief affliction consi/$ 9 my be+ s+l$ out f all ! o!r boys1 by a lad ab\t fifte5 ye>s ( age1 z a prop] object ^u :om he might let loose ! cruelty ( 8 temp]4--,c[p]'s ,memoir1 p4 #ac4 ,greek3 ,t\ patros ontos on\ eu?us hypemn/h4 ,he _h "s sort ( recollection ( 8 fa!r's be+ an ass--,collectanea ,grca ,m9ora1 ,n1 p4 #g4 ,?is con/ruction1 ?\gh n uncommon1 is anomal\s 9 m respects ?an "o4 ,:e!r or n x is wor?y to =m an exception to ! rule ( same cases1 or ev5 to t ( possessives1 ! read] may judge f ! obs]vations made on x "u ! latt]4 ,i %\ld r devise "s way to avoid x1 if any c be f\nd--& ,i believe !re c2 z1 ,?is our ,savi\r himself 0 pleas$ to advance z ! /ronge/ pro( t he 0 ! promis$ ,messiah4--,b my *ief affliction consi/$ 9 ?is1 t ,i 0 s+l$ out1 c4 ,! /ory ( ! mule is1 ,he seem$ to recollect on a sudd5 t 8 fa!r 0 an ass4 ,?is is ! prop] mean+ ( ! ,greek text above2 b ! con/ruction is diff]5t1 ! ,greek n\ns be+ g5itives 9 apposition4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,a n\n 9 ! nom9ative case sometimes foll[s a f9ite v]b1 :5 ! equival5t subject t /&s be=e ! v]b1 is n a n\n or pron\n1 b a phrase or a s5t5ce :i* supplies ! place ( a nom9ative2 z1 ,t ! b>ons & freehold]s d]iv$ _! au?ority f k+s1 is :olly a mi/ake4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bgg4 ,to speak ( a slave z a memb] ( civil society1 may1 by "s1 be reg>d$ a solecism4--,/r\d's ,sket*1 p4 #fe4 ,"h mi/ake & solecism are z pla9ly nom9atives1 z if ! prec$+ subjects _h be5 decl9able words4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,:5 a n\n is put aft] an ab/ract inf9itive t is n transitive1 x appe>s necess>ily to be 9 ! objective case1#cfj ?\gh n gov]n$ by ! v]b2 = if we supply any n\n to :i* su* inf9itive may be suppos$ to ref]1 x mu/ be introduc$ be=e ! v]b by ! preposition =3 z1 ,to be an ,engli%man 9 ,london1 a ,fr5*man 9 ,p>is1 a ,spani>d 9 ,madrid1 is no easy matt]2 & yet x is necess>y4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #hi4 ,t is1 ,= a travell] to be an ,engli%man 9 ,london1 c4 ,x is c]ta9ly z easy to be a s*ol>1 z a game/]4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #dbe4 ,t is1 ,x is z easy = a "y man to be a s*ol>1 z x is = him to be a game/]4 ,to be an eloqu5t speak]1 9 ! prop] s5se ( ! ^w1 is f> f be+ a common or easy atta9m5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccg4 ,"h atta9m5t is 9 ! nom9ative1 aft] is--or1 r aft] be+1 = x foll[s bo?2 & speak]1 9 ! objective aft] to be4 ,x is almo/ z h>d a ?+ = a man to be a poet 9 despite ( =tune1 z x is = "o to be a poet 9 despite ( nature4--,c[ley's ,preface to 8 ,poems1 p4 vii4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,:]e precision is necess>y1 loose or ab/ract inf9itives are improp]2 z1 ,b to be precise1 signifies1 t !y express t idea1 & no m4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #id2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cja2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #fd4 ,say r3 ,b1 = an au?or's words to be precise1 signifies1 t !y express 8 exact idea1 & no?+ m or less4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,! pr9cipal v]bs t take ! same case aft] z be=e !m1 except ^? :i* are passive1 are ! foll[+3 to be1 to /&1 to sit1 to lie1 to live1 to gr[1 to become1 to turn1 to comm5ce1 to die1 to expire1 to come1 to g1 to range1 to w&]1 to return1 to seem1 to appe>1 to rema91 to cont9ue1 to reign4 ,!re are d\btless "s o!rs1 :i* admit ( su* a con/ruction2 & ( "s ( ^!1 x is to be obs]v$1 t !y are sometimes transitive1 & gov]n ! objective3 z1 ,to comm5ce a suit4--,johnson4 ,o cont9ue ?y lov+ k9dness unto !m4--,psalms1 xxxvi1 #aj4 ,a fea!r w turn ! scale4--,%ak4 ,return him a trespass (f]+4--#a ,samuel4 ,= x becomes me s to speak4--,dryd54 ,b _! con/ruction ) l cases is easily di/+ui%$ by ! s5se2 z1 ,:5 ,i comm5c$ au?or1 my aim 0 to amuse4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bhf4 ,m5 cont9ue m5's de/roy]s4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #ef4 ',tis mo/ j1 t ?\ turn rascal--,%ak41 ,timon ( ,a!ns4 ,he w5t out mate1 b he return$ capta94--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 ,aft] ?is ev5t he became physician to ! k+4--,ib4 ,t is1 ,:5 ,i began to be an au?or1 c4 ,ev'n mean self-love becomes1 by =ce div9e1 ,! scale to measure o!rs' wants by ?9e4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,! common in/ructions ( our ,engli% gramm>s1 9 relation to ! subject ( ! prec$+ rule1 are exce$+ly errone\s & defective4 ,= example3 ,! v]b ,,to ,,be1 has always a nom9ative case aft] x1 unless x be 9 ! inf9itive mode4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,! v]b ,,to ,,be requires ! same case aft] x z be=e x4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,! v]b ,,to ,,be1 ?r\gh all its v>iations1 has ! same case aft] x1 express$ or und]/ood1 z t :i* next prec$es x4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aha2 ,alg]'s1 #fb2 ,m]*ant's1 #ia2 ,putnam's1 #aaf2 ,smi?'s1 #ig2 & _m o!rs4 ,! v]b ,,to ,,be has usually ! same case aft] x1 z t :i* imm$iately prec$es x4--,hall's ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,neut] v]bs h ! same case aft] !m1 z t :i* next prec$es !m4--,folk]'s ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,passive v]bs :i* signify nam+1 & o!rs ( a simil> nature1 h ! same case be=e & aft] !m4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 ,a ,n\n or ,pron\n us$ 9 pr$ication ) a v]b1 is 9 ! ,indep5d5t ,case4 ,,examples--',?\ art a s*ol>4' ',x is ,i4' ',god is love4'--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #adi4 ,s _m & mon/r\s are ! faults ( ^! rules1 t no?+ b v le>n$ & rev]5d au?ority1 c\ld possibly impose su* tea*+ any:]e4 ,! fir/1 ?\gh writt5 by ,l[?1 is n a :it wis] ?an to say1 ,! preposition to has always an inf9itive mood aft] x1 unless x be a preposition4 ,& ?is latt] absurdity is ev5 a bett] rule = all inf9itives1 ?an ! =m] = all pr$icat$ nom9atives4 ,nor is !re mu* m fitness 9 any ( ! re/4 ,! v]b ,,to ,,be1 ?r\gh all1 or ev5 9 any1 ( its p>ts1 has nei!r always nor usually a case express$ or und]/ood aft] x2 &1 ev5 :5 !re is a n\n or a pron\n put aft] x1 ! case is1 9 v _m in/ances1 n to be det]m9$ by t :i* next or imm$iately prec$es ! v]b4 ,examples3 ,a sect ( free?9k]s is a sum ( ciph]s4--,b5tley4 ,& ,i am ?is day weak1 ?\gh ano9t$ k+4--#b ,sam41 iii1 #ci4 ,:at made ,lu!r a great man1 0 8 un%ak5 reliance on ,god4--,kortz's ,life ( ,lu!r1 p4 #ac4 ,! devil (f]s 8 s]vice2 ,he is s5t ) a positive commission to be a ly+ _s 9 ! m\? ( all ! prophets4--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 p4 #aca4 ,x is p]fectly c]ta9 t 9 ^! f\r texts1 ! words sum1 k+1 reliance1 & _s1 are nom9atives1 aft] ! v]b or p>ticiple2 & n objectives1 z !y mu/ be1 if !re 7 any tru? 9 ! common ass]tion1 t ! two cases1 :i*1 9 ! con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce1 are ! next be=e & aft] x1 mu/ always be alike4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ih4 ,n only may ! nom9ative be=e ! v]b be foll[$ by an objective1 b ! nom9ative aft] x may be prec$$ by a possessive2 z1 ,amos1 ! h]dsman ( ,tekoa1 0 n a prophet's son4--,x is ! k+'s *apel1 & x is ! k+'s c\rt4--,amos1 vii1 #ac4 ,h[ ignorant !n mu/ t p]son be1 :o _c see ! falsity ( ! in/ructions above cit$6 ,h[ c>eless ! read] :o ov]looks x6 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,vi4 ,,note ,i4--,! putt+ ( a n\n 9 an unkn[n case aft] a p>ticiple or a p>ticipial n\n1 produces an anomaly :i* x seems bett] to avoid2 = ! cases ought to be cle>1 ev5 9 exceptions to ! common rules ( con/ruction4 ,examples3 7#a47 ,,wid[hood1 n4 ,! /ate ( be+ a wid[4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,say r1 ,,wid[hood1 n4 ,! /ate ( a wid[4--,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,worce/]4 7#b47 ,i _h a suspicion ( ! fell['s be+ a sw9dl]_/ ,say r1 ,i _h a suspicion t ! fell[ 0 a sw9dl]4 7#c47 ,to prev5t its be+ a dry detail ( t]ms4--,buck4 ,bett]1 ,to prev5t x f be+ a dry detail ( t]ms4 #cfa ,,note ,,ii4--,! nom9ative :i* foll[s a v]b or p>ticiple1 ought to accord 9 signification1 ei!r lit]ally or figuratively1 ) ! prec$+ t]m :i* is tak5 = a sign ( ! same ?+4 ,errors3 7#a47 ,to be convict$ ( brib]y1 0 !n a crime altoge!r unp>donable4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfe4 ,to be convict$ ( a crime1 is n ! crime itself2 say1 !re=e1 ,brib]y 0 !n a crime altoge!r unp>donable4 7#b47 ,! second p]son is ! object ( ! ,imp]ative4--,murray's ,gram41 ,index1 ii1 #bib4 ,say r1 ,! second p]son is ! subject ( ! imp]ative2 = ! object ( a v]b is ! ^w gov]n$ by x1 & n its nom9ative4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,( ,,prop] ,,id5tity4 ,:o w\ld n say1 ',if x be me1' r ?an1 ,if x be ,i8--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aje4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n me1--:i* comes aft] ! neut] v]b be1 is 9 ! objective case1 & does n agree ) ! pron\n x1 ! v]b's nom9ative1#cfb :i* ref]s to ! same ?+4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #f?1 ,a n\n or a pron\n put aft] a v]b or p>ticiple n transitive1 agrees 9 case ) a prec$+ n\n or pron\n ref]r+ to ! same ?+4 ,!re=e1 me %\ld be ,i2 ?us1 ,:o w\ld n say1 ',if x be ,i1' r ?an1 ',if x be me8' ,:o is !re8 ,x is me4--,prie/ley1 ib41 p4 #ajd4 ,x is him4--,id41 ib41 #ajd4 ,are ^! ! h\ses y 7 speak+ (8 ,yes1 !y are !m4--,id41 ib41 #ajd4 ,x is n me y are 9 love )4--,addison's ,spect41 ,no4 #bij2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajd2 & ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjc4 ,x _c be me4--,,swift3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,to t :i* once 0 !e4--,,prior3 ib41 #ajd4 ,!re is b "o man t %e c h1 & t is me4--,,cl>issa3 ib41 #ajd4 ,we ent]1 z x 71 into 8 body1 & become1 9 "s measure1 him4--,,adam ,,smi?3 ib41 p4 #aje4 ,art ?\ pr\d yet8 ,ay1 t ,i am n !e4--,%ak41 ,timon4 ,he knew n :om !y 74--,milnes1 ,greek ,gram41 p4 #bcd4 ,:o d y ?9k me to be8--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,:om d m5 say t ,i1 ! ,son ( man1 am8--,matt41 xvi1 #ac4 ,b :om say ye t ,i am8--,ib41 xvi1 #ae4--,:om ?9k ye t ,i am8 ,i am n he4--,acts1 xiii1 #be4 ,no2 ,i am mi/ak52 ,i p]ceive x is n ! p]son :om ,i suppos$ x 04--,w9t] 9 ,london1 ii1 #ff4 ,& :ile x is ,him ,i s]ve1 life is n )\t value4--,z5obia1 i1 #gf4 ,)\t ev] dream+ x 0 him4--,life ( ,*>les ,,xii1 p4 #bga4 ,or he 0 n ! illit]ate p]sonage :om he affect$ to be4--,montgom]y's ,lect4 ,yet 0 he him1 :o 0 to be ! greate/ apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #edj4 ,sweet 0 ! ?rill+ ec/acy2 ,i "k n if 'twas love1 or !e4--,que5's ,wake1 p4 #ad4 ,"t 01 :5 none w\ld cry1 t oaf 0 me4--,dryd51 ,prol4 ,no matt] :]e ! vanqui%'d be1 nor :om4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 i1 l4 #fgf4 ,no1 ,i little ?\ght x _h be5 him4--,life ( ,oration4 ,t rev]5ce & godly fe>1 ^: object is ',him :o c de/roy bo? body & s\l 9 hell4'--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #cab4 ,x is u t !y seek to please1 or r to a/oni%4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #bh4 ,let ! same be %e t ?\ ha/ appo9t$ = ?y s]vant ,isaac4--,g541 xxiv1 #ad4 ,al?\gh ,i knew x to be he4--,dick5s's ,notes1 p4 #i4 ,de> g5tle y\?1 is't none b !e8--,dorset's ,poems1 p4 #d4 ,:om d !y say x is8--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #dic4 ,^! are h] g>b1 n h]2 !y b express ,h] =m1 h] semblance1 h] appropriate dress4--,hannah ,m4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,case ,,d\btful4 ,i _h no k ( !re be+ any connexion betwe5 !m4--,/one1 on ,freemasonry1 p4 #be4 ,to promote iniquity 9 o!rs1 is ne>ly ! same z be+ ! actors ( x ourselves4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #agj4 ,x mu/ arise f feel+ delicately ourselves4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccj2 ,murray's ,gram41 #bdh4 ,by reason ( !re n hav+ be5 ex]cis$ a compet5t physical p[] = _! en=cem5t4--,mass4 ,legislature1 #ahci4 ,,pupilage1 n4 ,! /ate ( be+ a s*ol>4--,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,web/]1 ,worce/]4 ,!n ! o!r "p's be+ ! def9ition w\ld make x include all v]bs ( e description4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cdc4 ,john's be+ my fri5d1#cfc sav$ me f inconv5i5ce4--,ib41 p4 #bja4 ,william's hav+ become a judge1 *ang$ 8 :ole demeanor4--,ib41 p4 #bja4 ,william's hav+ be5 a tea*]1 0 ! cause ( ! int]e/ :i* he felt4--,ib41 p4 #baf4 ,! be+ b "o among _m /ifle? ! *id+s ( consci5ce4--,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #aca4 ,z = its be+ e/eem$ a close translalation sic--,,k?1 ,i d\bt n _m h be5 l$ into t error by ! %ortness ( x4--,pope's ,pref4 to ,hom]4 ,all presumption ( dea?'s be+ ! de/ruction ( liv+ be+s1 mu/ g ^u supposition t !y are comp\nd$1 & s disc]ptible4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #fc4 ,?is argues r _! be+ prop] names4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #chb4 ,b may x n be retort$1 t its be+ a gratification is t :i* excites our res5tm5t8--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ade4 ,"u ! common notion1 ( its be+ a sy/em ( ! :ole poetical art4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dja4 ,^: "t or o!r circum/ances =bid _! becom+ classical s*ol>s4--,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #aac4 ,x w\ld preclude ! notion ( 8 be+ a m]ely fictiti\s p]sonage4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #ddf4 ,=1 or "u pret5ce ( _! be+ h]etics or infidels4--,! ,ca?olic ,oa?2 ,geo4 ,,iii1 #ca/4 ,we may "h add ,dr4 ,home's s]mon on ,*ri/'s be+ ! ,object ( religi\s ,adoration4--,relig4 ,_w1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bjj4 ,to say no?+ ( ,dr4 ,prie/ley's be+ a /r5u\s advocate1 c4--,ib41 ii1 #bjg4 ,by virtue ( ,adam's be+ _! public head4--,ib41 ii1 #bcc4 ,objections aga9/ !re be+ any su* moral plan z ?is4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #eg4 ,a great] in/ance ( a man's be+ a blockhead4--,spect41 ,no4 #ebj4 ,we may insure or promote its be+ a happy /ate ( exi/5ce to ourselves4--,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #hf4 ,by its (t5 fall+ a victim to ! same k9d ( unnatural treatm5t4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #da4 ,_! appe>+ fooli%ness is no presumption aga9/ ?is4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ahi4 ,b :at arises f _! be+ (f5ces2 i4 e4 f _! be+ liable to be p]v]t$4--,ib41 p4 #ahe4 ,& he ent]$ into a c]ta9 man's h\se1 nam$ ,ju/us1 "o t wor%ipp$ ,god4--,acts1 xviii1 #g4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,false ,,id5tification4 ,b to be popul>1 he obs]ves1 is an ambigu\s ^w4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjg4 ,! inf9itive mood1 or "p ( a s5t5ce1 is (t5 ! nom9ative case to a v]b4--,l4 ,murray's ,index1 ,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bij4 ,:5 any p]son1 9 speak+1 introduces 8 own "n1 x is ! fir/ p]son2 z1 ',i1 ,james1 ( ! city ( ,bo/on4'--,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,! "n ( ! p]son spok5 to1 is ! second p]son2 z1 ',james1 come to me4'--,ibid4 ,! "n ( ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (1 or ab\t1 is ! ?ird p]son2 z1 ',james has come4'--,ibid4 ,! object ( a passive v]b is always its subject or nom9ative case4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,:5 a n\n is 9 ! nom9ative case to an active v]b1 x is ! actor4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,& ! p]son comm&$1 is its nom9ative4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :o speaks4--,pasqui]'s ,lvizac1 p4 #ia4 ,! ,conjugation ( a ,v]b is its diff]5t v>iations or inflections ?r\gh\t ! ,moods & ,t5ses4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,! fir/ p]son is ! speak]4 ,! second p]son is ! "o spok5 to4 ,! ?ird p]son is ! "o spok5 (4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p i1 p4 #f2 ,hiley's1 #ah4 ,! fir/ p]son is ! "o t speaks1 or ! speak]4--,sanborn's ,gram41 pp4 #bc & #ge4 ,! second p]son is ! "o t is spok5 to1 or address$4--,ibid4 ,! ?ird p]son is ! "o t is spok5 (1 or t is ! topic ( conv]sation4--,ibid4 ,i1 is ! fir/ p]son ,s+ul>4 ,we1 is ! fir/ p]son ,plural4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ea2 ,alg]'s1 ,+]soll's1 & _m o!rs4 ,?\1 is ! second p]son ,s+ul>4 ,ye or y1 is ! second p]son ,plural4--,ibid4 ,he1 %e1 or x1 is ! ?ird p]son ,s+ul>4 ,!y1 is ! ?ird p]son ,plural4--,ibid4 ,! nom9ative case is ! actor1 or subject ( ! v]b4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,! n\n ,john is ! actor1 !re=e ,john is 9 ! nom9ative case4--,ibid4 ,! actor is always ! nom9ative case4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,! nom9ative case is always ! ag5t or actor4--,mack's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* ea* "n is4--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,:at numb] is boy8 ,:y8 ,:at numb] is p5s8 ,:y8--,ib41 p4 #bg4 ,! speak] is ! fir/ p]son1 ! p]son spok5 to1 ! second p]son1 & ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (1 is ! ?ird p]son4--,ib41 p4 #bf4 ,:at n\ns are mascul9e g5d]8 ,all males are mascul9e g5d]4--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,an int]jection is a sudd5 emotion ( ! m9d4--,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,,rule ,,vii4--,,objectives4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case3 z1 ,! temple ( fame /&s ^u ! grave3 ! flame t burns ^u its alt>s1 is k9dl$ f ! a%es ( great m5--,hazlitt4 ,life is ,8 gift1 f :om :ate'er life ne$s1 ,) ev'ry good & p]fect gift1 proce$s4--,c[p]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ie4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,vii4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is rule !re are no exceptions2 = prepositions1 9 ,engli%1 gov]n no o!r case ?an ! objective4#cfd ,b ! le>n] %\ld obs]ve t mo/ ( our prepositions may take ! imp]fect p>ticiple = _! object1 & "s1 ! plup]fect1 or prep]fect2 z1 ,on op5+ ! trial !y accus$ him ( hav+ defraud$ !m4--,a quick wit1 a nice judgm5t1 c41 c\ld n raise ?is man above be+ receiv$ only ^u ! foot ( contribut+ to mir? & div]sion4--,/eele4 ,& ! preposition to is (t5 foll[$ by an inf9itive v]b2 z1 ,:5 "o sort ( w9d is said to :i/le1 & an o!r to ro>2 :5 a s]p5t is said to hiss1 a fly to buzz1 & fall+ timb] to cra%2 :5 a /ream is said to fl[1 & hail to rattle2 ! analogy betwe5 ! ^w & ! ?+ signifi$1 is pla9ly disc]nible4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ee4 ,b let x n be suppos$ t p>ticiples or inf9itives1 :5 !y are gov]n$ by prepositions1 are !re=e 9 ! objective case2 = case is no attribute ( ei!r ( ^! classes ( words3 !y are indecl9able 9 ,engli%1 :atev] be ! relations !y assume4 ,!y are gov]n$ z p>ticiples1 or z inf9itives1 & n z cases4 ,! m]e fact ( gov]nm5t is s f> f creat+ ! modification gov]n$1 t x necess>ily presupposes x to exi/1 & t x is some?+ cognizable 9 etymology4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! brief ass]tion1 t1 ,prepositions gov]n ! objective case1 :i* till v lately our gramm>ians h univ]sally adopt$ z _! sole rule = bo? t]ms1 ! gov]n+ & ! gov]n$1--! preposition & its object1--is1 9 respect to bo?1 some:at exceptionable1 be+ b p>tially & lamely applicable to ei!r4 ,x nei!r expla9s ! connect+ nature ( ! preposition1 nor applies to all objectives1 nor embraces all ! t]ms :i* a preposition may gov]n4 ,x is true1 t prepositions1 :5 !y introduce decl9able words1 or words t h cases1 always gov]n ! objective2 b ! rule is liable to be misund]/ood1 & is 9 fact (t5 misappli$1 z if x meant some?+ m ?an ?is4 ,besides1 9 no o!r in/ance d gramm>ians attempt to p>se bo? ! gov]n+ ^w & ! gov]n$1 by "o & ! same rule4 ,i h !re=e plac$ ! objects ( ?is gov]nm5t "h1 :]e !y belong 9 ! ord] ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 express+ ! rule 9 su* t]ms z _c be mi/ak52 & h also giv51 9 its prop] place1 a di/9ct rule = ! con/ruction ( ! preposition itself4 ,see ,rule #bc;d4 ,,obs4 #c4--,prepositions are sometimes elliptically con/ru$ ) adjectives1 ! real object ( ! relation be+ ?\ght to be "s objective n\n und]/ood3 z1 9 va91 9 secret1 at fir/1 on high2 i4 e4 9 a va9 mann]1 9 secret places1 at ! fir/ "t1 on high places4 ,su* phrases usually imply "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]1 & are equival5t to adv]bs4 ,9 p>s+1 ! le>n] may supply ! ellipsis4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,9 "s phrases1 a preposition seems to gov]n a p]fect p>ticiple2 b ^! expressions are p]haps r to be expla9$ z be+ elliptical3 z1 ,to give x up = lo/2--,to take t = grant$ :i* is disput$4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aji4 ,t is1 p]haps1 ,to give x up = a ?+ lo/2--,to take t = a ?+ grant$1 c4 ,9 ! foll[+ passage ! words ought & %\ld are employ$ 9 su* a mann] t x is difficult to say to :at "p ( spee* !y belong3 ,x is t v "* ( ought & %\ld :i* makes ju/ice a law to u2 & ! same "* is applicable to propriety1 ?\gh p]haps m fa9tly ?an to ju/ice4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bhf4 ,! mean+ seems to be1 ,x is t v "* ( be+ ow$ & requir$1 t makes ju/ice a law to u2 & ?is mode ( expression1 z x is m easy to be p>s$1 is p]haps m grammatical ?an 8 ,lord%ip's4 ,b1 z pret]its are sometimes put by enallage = p>ticiples1 a ref]5ce ( !m to ?is figure may af=d a mode ( explanation 9 p>s+1 :5ev] !y are introduc$ by a preposition1 & n by a nom9ative3 z1 ,a k9d ( conque/ ,cs> made "h2 b made n "h 8 brag ,(1 came1 & saw1 & ov]came--,%ak41 ,cymb41 iii1 #a4 ,t is1--( hav+ come1 & se51 & ov]come4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 by assum+ t a s5t5ce is ! object ( ! preposition1 we may suppose ! pron\n ,i to be und]/ood1 z ego is 9 ! bullet9 ref]r$ to1 ,v5i1 vidi1 vici4 ,=1 z a %ort s5t5ce is sometimes made ! subject ( a v]b1 s is x sometimes made ! object ( a preposition2 z1 ,e>?'s highe/ /ation ends 91 '"h he lies2' ,& 'du/ to du/1' concludes h] noble/ song4--,"y4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 "s in/ances1 prepositions prec$e adv]bs2 z1 at once1 at unaw>es1 f !nce1 f above1 till n[1 till v lately1 = once1 = ev]4 ,"h ! adv]b1 ?\gh an indecl9able ^w1 appe>s to be made ! object ( ! preposition4 ,x is 9 fact us$ sub/antively1 & gov]n$ by ! preposition4 ,! t]m =ev] is (t5 writt5 z "o ^w1 &1 z su*1 is obvi\sly an adv]b4 ,! re/ are :at "s writ]s w\ld call adv]bial phrases2 a t]m n v consi/5t ) itself1 or ) ! true idea ( p>s+4 ,if diff]5t p>ts ( spee* are to be tak5 toge!r z hav+ ! nature ( an adv]b1 !y ought r to coalesce & be unit$2 = ! v]b to p>se1 be+ d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 p>s1 a "p1 implies 9 g5]al a di/9ct recognition ( ! elem5ts or words ( e phrase or s5t5ce4 ,,obs4 #f4--,n\ns ( "t1 measure1 di/ance1 or value1 h (t5 s direct a relation to v]bs or adjectives1 t ! prepositions :i* are suppos$ to gov]n !m1 are usually suppress$2 z1 ,we rode sixty miles t day4 ,t is1--?r\gh sixty miles on t day4 ,! c\ntry is n a f>?+ ri*]4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #abb4 ,t is1--ri*] by a f>?+4 ,! error has be5 copi$ times )\t numb]4--,ib41 p4 #bha4 ,t is1--on or at times innum]able4 ,a r[ ( columns t5 feet high1 & a r[ twice t height1 require diff]5t proportions4 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cdd4 ,t is1--high to t5 feet1 &1 a r[ ( twice t height4 ,altus sex p$es1 ,high on or at six feet4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/ ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ii1 #aej4 ,all su* n\ns are 9 ! objective case1 &1 9 p>s+ !m1 ! le>n] may supply ! ellipsis2#cfe or1 p]haps x might be z well1 to say1 z d ,b4 ,h4 ,sm>t & "s o!rs1 t ! n\n is an objective ( "t1 measure1 or value1 tak5 adv]bially1 & relat+ directly to ! v]b or adjective qualifi$ by x4 ,su* expressions z1 ,a bo>d ( six feet long1--,a boy ( twelve ye>s old1 are wrong4 ,ei!r /rike out ! (1 or say1 ,a bo>d ( six feet 9 l5g?1--,a boy ( twelve ye>s ( age2 because ?is preposition is n suit$ to ! adjective1 nor is ! adjective fit to qualify ! "t or measure4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,aft] ! adjectives l1 ne>1 & nigh1 ! preposition to or unto is (t5 und]/ood2#cff z1 ,x is l to or unto silv]4--,all54 ,h[ l ! =m]4--,dryd54 ,ne> yond] copse4--,goldsmi?4 ,nigh ?is recess4--,g>?4 ,z simil>ity & proximity are relations1 & n qualities1 x might seem prop] to call l1 ne>1 & nigh1 prepositions2 & "s gramm>ians h s class$ ! la/ two4 ,dr4 ,johnson seems to be inconsi/5t 9 call+ ne> a preposition1 9 ! phrase1 ,s ne> ?y he>t1 & an adjective1 9 ! phrase1 ,be+ ne> _! ma/]4 ,see 8 ,qu>to ,dict4 ,i h n plac$ !m ) ! prepositions1 = ! foll[+ f\r reasons3 7#a47 ,because !y are sometimes comp>$2 7#b47 ,because !y sometimes h adv]bs evid5tly relat+ to !m2 7#c47 ,because ! preposition to or unto is sometimes express$ aft] !m2 & 7#d47 ,because ! words :i* usually /& = !m 9 ! le>n$ languages1 are cle>ly adjectives4#cfg ,b l1 :5 x expresses simil>ity ( mann]1 & ne> & nigh1 :5 !y express proximity ( degree1 are adv]bs4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! ^w wor? is (t5 foll[$ by an objective1 or a p>ticiple1 :i* x appe>s to gov]n2 z1 ,if y\r argum5ts produce no conviction1 !y are wor? no?+ to me4--,beattie4 ,to reign is wor? ambition4--,milton4 ,?is is life inde$1 life wor? pres]v+4--,addison4 ,x is n easy to det]m9e to :at "p ( spee* wor? "h belongs4 ,dr4 ,johnson calls x an adjective1 b says no?+ ( ! object aft] x1 :i* "s suppose to be gov]n$ by ( und]/ood4 ,9 ?is supposition1 x is gratuit\sly assum$1 t wor? is equival5t to wor?y1 aft] :i* ( %\ld be express$2 z1 ,:atsoev] is wor?y ( _! love1 is wor? _! ang]4--,d5ham4 ,b z wor? appe>s to h no c]ta9 *>act]i/ic ( an adjective1 "s call x a n\n1 & suppose a d\ble ellipsis2 z1 ',my knife is wor? a %ill+2' i4 e4 ',my knife is ( ! wor? ( a %ill+4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #afc4 ',! book is wor? t sum2' t is1 ',! book is 7!7 wor? 7(7 t sum2' ',x is wor? :ile2' t is1 ',x is 7!7 wor? 7( !7 :ile4'--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #ed4 ,?is is /ill less satisfactory2#cfh & z ! :ole appe>s to be m]e guess-"w1 ,i see no good reason :y wor? is n a preposition1 gov]n+ ! n\n or p>ticiple4#cfi ,if an adv]b prec$e wor?1 x may z well be ref]r$ to ! =ego+ v]b1 z :5 x occurs be=e any o!r preposition3 z1 ,x is ri*ly wor? ! money4--,x lies directly be=e y\r door4 ,or if we admit t an adv]b sometimes relates to ?is ^w1 ! same ?+ may be z true ( o!r prepositions2 z1 ,& ?is is a lesson :i*1 to ! greate/ "p ( mank9d1 is1 ,i ?9k1 v well wor? le>n+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjc4 ,he sees let d[n f ! ceil+1 exactly ov] 8 head1 a glitt]+ sword1 hung by a s+le hair4--,murray's ,e4 ,read]1 p4 #cc4 ,see ,exception #c;d to ,rule #ba/4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,bo? ,dr4 ,johnson & ,horne ,tooke1 7:o nev] agre$ if !y c\ld help x17 unite 9 say+ t wor?1 9 ! phrases1 ,wo wor? ! man1--,wo wor? ! day1 & ! l1 is f ! imp]ative ( ! ,saxon v]b wyr?an or weor?an1 to be2 i4 e41 ,wo be to ! man1 or1 ,wo betide ! man1 c4 ,& ! latt] affirms1 t1 z ! preposition by is f ! imp]ative ( beon1 to be1 s )1 7?\gh admitt$ to be sometimes f )an1 to jo917 is (t5 no o!r ?an ?is same imp]ative v]b wyr? or wor?3 if s1 ! ?ree words1 by1 )1 & wor?1 7 orig9ally synonym\s1 & %\ld n[ be ref]r$ at lea/ to "o & ! same class4 ,! dative case1 or oblique object1 :i* !y gov]n$ z ,saxon v]bs1 becomes _! prop] object1 :5 tak5 z ,engli% prepositions2 & 9 ?is also !y appe> to be alike4 ,wor?1 !n1 :5 x signifies value1 is a common n\n2 b :5 x signifies equal 9 value to1 x gov]ns an objective1 & has ! usual *>act]i/ics ( a preposition4 ,in/ances may p]haps be f\nd 9 :i* wor? is an adjective1 mean+ valuable or useful1 z 9 ! foll[+ l9es3 ,!y gl['d1 & grew m intimate ) ,god1 ,m wor? to m51 m joy\s to !mselves4 --,"y1 ,n4 ix1 l4 #ihh4 ,9 "o in/ance1 ! poet ,campbell appe>s to h us$ ! ^w wor?less z a preposition3 ,eyes a mutual s\l confess+1 ,soon y'll make !m gr[ ,dim1 & wor?less y\r possess+1 ,n ) age1 b woe6 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,aft] v]bs ( giv+1 pay+1 procur+1 & "s o!rs1 !re is usually an ellipsis ( to or = be=e ! objective ( ! p]son2 z1 ,give to him wat] to dr9k4--,buy = me a knife4--,pay to !m _! wages4 ,s 9 ! exclamation1 ,wo is me6 mean+1 ,wo is to me6 ,?is ellipsis occurs *iefly be=e ! p]sonal pron\ns1 & be=e su* n\ns z come betwe5 ! v]b & its direct object2 z1 ,:osoev] kille? y1 w ?9k t he doe? to ,god s]vice4--,john1 xvi1 #b4 ,:o br\ght to h] ma/]s mu* ga9 by soo?say+4--,acts1 xvi1 #af4 ,because he gave n to ,god ! glory4--,ib41 xii1 #bc4 ,give to me leave to all[ to myself no respite f lab\r4--,spect41 ,no4 #ded4 ,& ! sons ( ,joseph1 :i* 7 born to him 9 ,egypt1 7 two s\ls4--,g541 xlvi1 #bg4 ,?is elliptical con/ruction ( a few objectives1 is :at rema9s to u ( ! anci5t ,saxon dative case4 ,if ! ord] ( ! words be *ang$1 ! preposition mu/ be ins]t$2 z1 ,pray d my s]vice to 8 maje/y4--,%ak4 ,! doctr9e inculcat$ by sev]al ( our gramm>ians1 t1 ,v]bs ( ask+1 giv+1 tea*+1 & "s o!rs1 are (t5 employ$ to gov]n two objectives1 7,wells1 #bae17 ,i h1 "u a prec$+ rule1 disc\nt5anc$2 pref]r+ ! supposition1 :i* appe>s to h great] weight ( au?ority1 z well z /rong] support f reason1 t1 9 ! in/ances cit$ 9 pro( ( su* gov]nm5t1 a preposition is1 9 fact1 und]/ood4 ,^u ?is "q ( ellipsis1 dep5ds1 9 all su* in/ances1 our mann] ( p>s+ "o ( ! objective words4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,9 dates1 z !y are usually writt51 !re is mu* abbreviation2 & sev]al n\ns ( place & "t are set d[n 9 ! objective case1 )\t ! prepositions :i* gov]n !m3 z1 ,new ,york1 ,w$nesday1 #bj? ,octob]1 #ahcj4--;,j\rnal ( ,lit]>y ,conv5tion4 ,t is1 ,at ,new ,york1 on ,w$nesday1 ! #bj? day ( ,octob]1 9 ! ye> #ahcj4 ,,note ,,to ,,rule ,,vii4 ,an objective n\n ( "t or measure1 if x qualifies a subsequ5t adjective1 mu/ n also be made an adjunct to a prec$+ n\n2 z1 ,to an infant ( only two or ?ree ye>s old4--,dr4 ,wayl&4 ,expunge (1 or = old write ( age4 ,! foll[+ is "r3 ,! va/ army ( ! ,canaanites1 n9e hundr$ *>iots /rong1 cov]$ ! level pla9 ( ,esdraelon4--,milman's ,jews1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aei4 ,see ,obs4 #f? above4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,( ,,! ,,objective ,,9 ,,=m4 ,b ,i d n rememb] :o !y 7 =4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #bfe4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n :o is 9 ! nom9ative case1 & is made ! object ( ! preposition =4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 ,a n\n or a pron\n made ! object ( a preposition1 is gov]n$ by x 9 ! objective case4 ,!re=e1 :o %\ld be :om2 ?us1 ,b ,i d n rememb] :om !y 7 =4 ,b if y c't help x1 :o d y compla9 (8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #acg4 ,:o 0 x f8 & :at 0 x ab\t8--,edgewor?'s ,frank1 p4 #gb4 ,i h pl5ty ( victuals1 &1 betwe5 y & ,i1 some?+ 9 a corn]4--,day's ,s&=d & ,m]ton4 ,! upp] "o1 :o ,i am n[ ab\t to speak (4--,hunt's ,byron1 p4 #caa4 ,& to poor we1 ?9e enmity's mo/ capital4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #bja4 ,:i* ?\ do/ confess1 7 fit = !e to use1 z !y to claim4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,to beg ( !e1 x is my m di%on\r1 ?an ?\ ( !m4--,ib41 p4 #aig4 ,!re are /ill a few :o1 l ?\ & ,i1 dr9k no?+ b wat]4--,gil ,blas1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ajd4 ,?us1 ,i %all fall2 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r2 ,he %all be rew>d$1 express no resolution on ! "p ( ,i1 ?\1 he4--,l5nie's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bb2 ,bullions's1 #cb4 ,s saucy ) ! h& ( %e "h--,:at's h] "n8--,%ak41 ,ant4 & ,cleop41 ,act iii1 ,sc4 #aa4 ,all debts are cle>$ betwe5 y & ,i4--,id41 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,act iii1 ,sc4 #b4 ,h] price is paid1 & %e is sold l ?\4--,milman's ,fall ( ,j]usalem4 ,se>* ?r\gh all ! mo/ fl\ri%+ era's ( ,greece4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #af4 ,! family ( ! ,rudolph's _h be5 long di/+ui%$4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #ed4 ,x w d well en\gh = y & ,i4--,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #abj4 ,! public w soon discrim9ate betwe5 him :o is ! sycophant1 & he :o is ! tea*]4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #aj4 ,we are /ill mu* at a loss :o civil p[] belongs to4--,locke4 ,:at d y call x8 & :o does x belong to8--,colli]'s ,cebes4 ,he _h receiv$ no lessons f ! ,socrates's1 ! ,plato's1 & ! ,confucius's ( ! age4--,hatt]'s ,lett]s4 ,i _c tell :o to comp>e !m to4--,bunyan's ,p4 ,p41 p4 #abh4 ,i see !re 0 "s resemblance betwixt ?is good man & ,i4--,pilgrim's ,progress1 p4 #bih4 ,!y by t means h br\ght !mselves into ! h&s & h\se ( ,i d n "k :o4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,b at l5g? %e said !re 0 a great deal ( diff]5ce betwe5 ,mr4 ,cotton & we4--,hut*9son's ,mass41 ii1 #dcj4 ,s y mu/ ride on horseback aft] we4 #cgj--,,mrs4 ,,gilp93 ,c[p]1 i1 #bge4 ,a sep>ation mu/ soon take place betwe5 our m9i/] & ,i4--,w]t]1 p4 #aji4 ,:5 %e exclaim$ on ,ha/+s1 y1 & ,i4--,%akspe>e4 ,to :o8 to !e8 ,:at art ?\8--,id4 ,t !y %\ld always be> ! c]ta9 m>ks :o !y came f4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bba4 ,?is life has joys = y & ,i1 ,& joys t ri*es ne'er c\ld buy4--,burns4 ,,"u ,,! ,,note--,,( ,,"t ,,or ,,measure4 ,su* z almo/ e *ild ( t5 ye>s old kn[s4--,t[n's ,analysis1 p4 #d4 ,"o w9t]'s s*ool ( f\r mon?s1 w c>ry any indu/ri\s s*ol>1 ( t5 or twelve ye>s old1 completely ?r\gh ?is book4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,a boy ( six ye>s old may be taught to speak z correctly1 z ,cic]o did be=e ! ,roman ,s5ate4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bg4 ,a lad ( ab\t twelve ye>s old1 :o 0 tak5 captive by ! ,indians4--,ib41 p4 #bce4 ,( no?+ else b t individual :ite figure ( five in*es long :i* is be=e him4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bhh4 ,:]e lies ! fault1 t boys ( eight or t5 ye>s old1 are ) great difficulty made to und]/& any ( its pr9ciples4--,guy's ,gram41 p4 v4 ,:]e language ( ?ree c5turies old is employ$4--,boo?'s ,introd4 to ,dict41 p4 #ba4 ,let a gall[s be made ( fifty cubits high4--,e/h]1 v4 #ad4 ,i say to ?is *ild ( n9e ye>s old br+ me t hat1 he ha/5s & br+s x me4--,osborn's ,key1 p4 #c4 ,he laid a floor twelve feet long1 & n9e feet wide2 t is1 ov] ! ext5t ( twelve feet long1 & ( n9e feet wide4--,m]*ants ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,! ,g\lah p are a tribe ( ab\t fifty ?\s& /rong4--,exam9]1 ,no4 #ga4 ,,rule ,,viii4--,,nom4 ,,absolute4 ,a ,n\n or a ,pron\n is put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 :5 its case dep5ds on no o!r ^w3 z1 ,he fail+1 :o %all meet success8--,y\r fa!rs1 :]e are !y8 & ! prophets1 d !y live =ev]8--,ze*41 i1 #e4 ,or ,i only & ,b>nabas1 h n we p[] to =be> work+8--#a ,cor41 ix1 #f4 ,nay b1 ,o man1 :o art ?\ t replie/ aga9/ ,god8--,rom41 ix1 #bj4 ,o r>e we6--,c[p]4 ,mis]able !y6--,?omson4 ,! h\r conceal'd1 & s remote ! fe>1 ,dea? /ill draws ne>]1 nev] seem+ ne>4--,pope4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,viii4 ,,obs4 #a4--,_m gramm>ians make an idle di/9ction betwe5 ! nom9ative absolute & ! nom9ative indep5d5t1 z if ^! epi!ts 7 n synonym\s2 &1 at ! same "t1 !y are mis]ably defici5t 9 directions = dispos+ ( ! words s employ$4 ,_! two rules d n embrace m ?an "o half ( ^? frequ5t examples 9 :i* ! case ( ! n\n or pron\n dep5ds on no o!r ^w4 ,( c\rse1 ! rema9+ half _c be p>s$ by any ( ! rules :i* !y give4 ,! lack ( a compreh5sive rule1 l ! "o above1 is a great & gl>+ defect 9 all ! ,engli% gramm>s t ! au?or has se51 except 8 own1 & su* z are indebt$ to him = su* a rule4 ,x is prop]1 h[ev]1 t ! diff]5t =ms ( expression :i* are embrac$ 9 ?is g5]al rule1 %\ld be discrim9at$1 "o f an o!r1 by ! s*ol>3 let him !re=e1 9 p>s+ any nom9ative absolute1 tell h[ x is put s2 :e!r ) a p>ticiple1 by direct address1 by pleonasm1 or by exclamation4 ,=1 9 disc\rse1 a n\n or a pron\n is put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 aft] f\r modes1 or "u ! foll[+ f\r circum/ances3 7( :i* ,murray's case absolute1 or nom9ative absolute1 conta9s only ! fir/37 ,i4 ,:51 ) a p>ticiple1 x is us$ to express a cause1 or a concomitant fact2 z1 ,i say1 ?is be+ s1 ! law be+ brok51 ju/ice takes place4--,law & ,grace1 p4 #bg4 ,pontius ,pilate be+ gov]nor ( ,judea1 & ,h]od be+ tetr>* ( ,galilee1 & 8 bro!r ,philip tetr>* ( ,iturea4 c4--,luke1 iii1 #a4 ,i be+ 9 ! way1 ! ,"l l$ me to ! h\se ( my ma/]'s bre?r54--,g541 xxiv1 #bg4 ---------,:ile %ame1 ?\ look+ on1 ,%ame to be ov]come or ov]rea*'d1 ,w\ld utmo/ vigor raise4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ix1 #a1 #cab4 ,,ii4 ,:51 by direct address1 x is put 9 ! second p]son1 & set (f f ! v]b1 by a comma or an exclamation po9t2 z1 ,at l5g?1 ,seg$1 reflect & be wise4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,x may be1 drunk>d1 swe>]1 li>1 ?ief1 ?\ do/ n ?9k ( ?is4--,law & ,grace1 p4 #bg4 ,?is said1 he =m'd !e1 ,adam6 !e1 ,o man6 ,du/ ( ! gr\nd1 & 9 ?y no/rils brea?'d ,! brea? ( life4--,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 vii1 l4 #ebd4 ,,iii4 ,:51 by pleonasm1 x is introduc$ abruptly = ! sake ( emphasis1 & is n made ! subject or ! object ( any v]b2 z1 ,he t ha?1 to him %all be giv54--,m>k1 iv1 #be4 ,he t is holy1 let him be holy /ill4--,rev41 xxii1 #aa4 ,gad1 a troop %all ov]come him4--,g541 xlix1 #ai4 ,! nor? & ! s\?1 ?\ ha/ creat$ !m4--,psalms1 lxxxix1 #ab4 ,& !y t h believ+ ma/]s1 let !m n despise !m4--#a ,tim41 vi1 #b4 ,& ! lep] 9 :om ! plague is1 8 clo!s %all be r5t1 & 8 head b>e4--,levit41 xiii1 #de4 ,!y :o s]ve me ) adoration1--,i am 9 !m1 & !y are 9 me4--,r4 ,w4 ,,em]son3 ,lib]ator1 ,no4 #iif4 -------------------------,:at may ?is mean1 ,t ?\1 dead corse1 aga9 9 complete /eel1 ,revisit/ ?us ! glimpses ( ! moon1 ,mak+ night hide\s2 &1 we fools ( nature1#cga ,s horribly to %ake our disposition ,) ?\ghts beyond ! rea*es ( our s\ls8--,%ak4 ,hamlet4 ,,iv4 ,:51 by m]e exclamation1 x is us$ )\t address1 & )\t o!r words express$ or impli$ to give x con/ruction2 z1 ,& ! ,"l pass$ by be=e him1 & proclaim$1 ! ,"l1 ! ,"l ,god1 m]ciful & graci\s1 long-suff]+1 & abundant 9 goodness & tru?4 ,exodus1 xxxiv1 #f4 ,o ! dep? ( ! ri*es bo? ( ! wisdom & k ( ,god6--,rom41 xi1 #cc4 ,i %\ld n l to see h] limp+ back1 ,poor bea/6--,s\!y4 ,oh6 deep en*ant+ prelude to repose1 ,! dawn ( bliss1 ! twilight ( our woes6--,campbell4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! nom9ative put absolute ) a p>ticiple1 is (t5 equival5t to a dep5d5t clause comm5c+ ) :51 :ile1 if1 s9ce1 or because4 ,?us1 ,i be+ a *ild1 may be equal to1 ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild1 or1 ,because ,i 0 a *ild4 ,"h1 9 lieu ( ! nom9ative1 ! ,greeks us$ ! g5itive case1 & ! ,lat9s1 ! ablative4 ,?us1 ! phrase1 ,greek3 ,kai hy/]santos o9\1 ,& ! w9e fail+1 is r5d]$ by ,montanus1 ,et defici5te v9o2 b by ,beza1 ,et cum defecisset v9um2 & 9 our ,bible1 ,& :5 !y want$ w9e4--,john1 ii1 #c4 ,aft] a n\n or a pron\n ?us put absolute1 ! p>ticiple be+ is frequ5tly und]/ood1 especially if an adjective or a l case come aft] ! p>ticiple2 z1 ,!y left _! bones b5ea? unfri5dly skies1 ,8 wor?less absolution be+ all ! prize4 --,c[p]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hd4 ,alike 9 ignorance1 8 reason ------ su*1 ,:e!r he ?9ks too little or too mu*4--,pope1 on ,man4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! case :i* is put absolute 9 addresses or invocations1 is :at 9 ! ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>s is call$ ! ,vocative4 ,ri*>d ,johnson says1 ,! only use ( ! ,vocative ,case1 is1 to call ^u a ,p]son1 or a ?+ put ,p]sonally1 :i* we speak to1 to give notice to :at we direct our ,spee*2 & ?is is !re=e1 prop]ly speak+1 ! only ,case absolute or indep5d5t :i* we may make use ( )\t respect to any o!r ,^w4--,gram4 ,comm5t>ies1 p4 #aca4 ,?is rem>k1 h[ev]1 applies n ju/ly to our language2 =1 ) u1 ! vocative case1 is unkn[n1 or n di/+ui%$ f ! nom9ative4 ,9 ,engli%1 all n\ns ( ! second p]son are ei!r put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 or 9 apposition ) _! own pron\ns plac$ be=e !m1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d3 z1 ,?is is ! /one :i* 0 set at n\ght ( y build]s4--,acts1 iv1 #aa4 ,h[ mu* r ought y receiv]s to be consid]$ z ab&on$ & execrable6--,cl>kson's ,essay1 p4 #aad4 ,peace6 m9ion1 peace6 x boots n me to he> ,! selfi% c\nsel ( y hang]s-on4 --,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ahi4 ,ye ,sylphs & ,sylphids1 to y\r *ief give e>2 ,fays1 ,f>ies1 ,g5ii1 ,elves1 & ,dmons1 he>6 --,pope1 ,r4 ,l41 ii1 #gd4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! case ( n\ns us$ 9 exclamations1 or 9 mottoes & abbreviat$ say+s1 (t5 dep5ds1 or may be conceiv$ to dep5d1 on some?+ und]/ood2 &1 :5 _! con/ruction c be satisfactorily expla9$ on ! pr9ciple ( ellipsis1 !y are n put absolute1 unless ! ellipsis be t ( ! p>ticiple4 ,! foll[+ examples may p]haps be resolv$ 9 ?is mann]1 ?\gh ! expressions w lose mu* ( _! vivacity3 ,a horse6 a horse6 my k+dom = a horse6--,%ak4 ,& he said unto 8 fa!r1 ,my head6 my head6--#b ,k+s1 iv1 #ai4 ,& ,samson said1 ,) ! jaw-bone ( an ass1 heaps ^u heaps1 ) ! jaw ( an ass1 h ,i sla9 a ?\s& m54--,judges1 xv1 #af4 ,ye h he>d t x ha? be5 said1 ,an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?4--,matt41 v1 #ch4 ,peace1 be /ill4--,m>k1 iv1 #ci4 ,"o ,god1 _w )\t end4 ,am54--,com4 ,pray]4 ,my fan1 let o!rs say1 :o laugh at toil2 ,fan6 hood6 glove6 sc>f6 is h] laconic /yle4--,"y4 ,,obs4 #e4--,su* ,expressions z1 ,h& to ,h&1 ,face to ,face1 ,foot to ,foot1 are ( ! nature ( ,adv]bs1 & are ( elliptical ,con/ruction3 ,= ! ,mean+ is1 ,h& ,,oppos$ to ,h&1 c4--,w4 ,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,?is le>n$ & +5i\s au?or seems to suppose ! =m] n\n to be "h put absolute ) a p>ticiple und]/ood2 & ?is is probably ! be/ way ( expla9+ ! con/ruction bo? ( t ^w & ( ! preposition t foll[s x4 ,s ,samson's phrase1 heaps ^u heaps1 may mean1 heaps be+ pil$ ^u heaps2 & ,scott's1 man to man1 & /eel to /eel1 may be int]pret$1 man be+ oppos$ to man1 & /eel be+ oppos$ to /eel3 ,n[1 man to man1 & /eel to /eel1 ,a *iefta9's v5geance ?\ %alt feel4--,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,cobbett1 aft] 8 own ha/y & dogmatical mann]1 rejects ! :ole !ory ( nom9atives absolute1 & tea*es 8 soldi]s1 sailors1 appr5tices1 & pl\ghboys1 t1 ,! supposition1 t !re c be a n\n1 or pron\n1 :i* has ref]5ce to no v]b1 & no preposition1 is c]ta9ly a mi/ake4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bja4 ,to su/a9 8 position1 he lays viol5t h&s ^u ! pla9 tru?1 & ev5 trips himself up 9 ! act4 ,?us3 ,= want ( a little ?\ght1 z to ! matt] imm$iately be=e u1 "s gramm>ians h f\nd out 'an absolute case1' z !y call x2 & ,mr4 ,l9dley ,murray gives an in/ance ( x 9 ^! words3 ',%ame be+ lo/1 all virtue is lo/4' ,! full mean+ ( ?is s5t5ce is ?is3 ',x be+1 or ! /ate ( ?+s be+ su*1 t %ame is lo/1 all virtue is lo/4'--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #aia4 ,aga93 ,!re mu/1 y w be> 9 m9d1 always be a v]b express$ or und]/ood4 ,"o w\ld ?9k1 t ?is 0 n ! case 9 "s in/ances3 z1 ',sir1 ,i beg y to give me a bit ( bread4' ,! s5t5ce :i* foll[s ! ,sir1 is complete2 b ! ,sir appe>s to /& :olly )\t connexion4 ,h[ev]1 ! full mean+ is ?is3 ',i beg y1 :o are a ,sir1 to give me a bit ( bread4' ,n[1 if y take "t to reflect a little on ?is matt]1 y w nev] be puzzl$ = a mom5t by ^? deta*$ words1 to suit :i* gramm>ians h inv5t$ vocative cases & cases absolute1 & a great _m o!r appellations1 ) :i* !y puzzle !mselves1 & confuse & bewild] & torm5t ^? :o read _! books4--,ib41 ,let4 xix1 #bbe & #bbf4 ,all ?is is j l ,cobbett4 ,b1 let 8 admir]s reflect on ! matt] z long z !y please1 ! two indep5d5t nom9atives x & /ate1 9 ! text1 ,x be+1 or ! /ate ( ?+s be+ su*1 w =ev] /& a gl>+ confutation bo? ( 8 doctr9e & ( 8 c5sure3 ! case absolute is !re /ill6 ,he has1 9 fact1 only conv]t$ ! s+le example into a d\ble "o6 ,,obs4 #g4--,! ,iri% philolog]1 ,j4 ,w4 ,wright1 is ev5 m confid5t ?an ,cobbett1 9 d5\nc+ ! case absolute2 & m sev]e 9 8 repreh5sion ( ,gramm>ians 9 g5]al1 & ,l[? & ,murray 9 p>ticul>1 = ent]ta9+ ! idea ( su* a case4 ,surprise mu/ cease1 says he1 on an acqua9tance ) ! fact1 t p]sons :o imbibe su* fanta/ical doctr9e %\ld be de/itute ( /]l+ in=mation on ! subject ( ,engli% gramm>4--,! ,engli% language is a /rang] to ?is case4 ,we speak ?us1 ) confid5ce1 consci\s ( ! ju/ness ( our op9ion3--an op9ion1 n precipitately =m$1 b "o :i* is ! result ( mature & delib]ate inquiry4 ',%ame be+ lo/1 all virtue is lo/3' ,! mean+ ( ?is is1--',:5 %ame is be+ lo/1 all virtue is lo/4' ,"h1 ! words is be+ lo/ =m ! true pres5t t5se ( ! passive voice2 9 :i* voice1 all v]bs1 ?us express$1 are unsuspect$ly situat$3 ?us1 agree+ ) ! n\n %ame1 z ! nom9ative ( ! fir/ memb] ( ! s5t5ce4--,wright's ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aib4 ,) all 8 delib]ation1 ?is g5tleman has committ$ "o ov]sight "h1 :i*1 z x goes to contradict 8 s*eme ( ! passive v]b1 "s ( 8 sixty v5]able comm5d]s ought to h po9t$ out to him4 ,my old fri5d1 ! ,pr(essor ( ,elocution 9 ,columbia ,college1 :o f9ds by ?is "w ( sup]ior excell5ce1 t ! nature ( ! v]b1 ! mo/ difficult "p ( gramm>1 has be51 at l5g?1 satisfactorily expla9$1 ought by no means1 aft] 8 v att5tive exam9ation ( ! book1 to h left ?is s]vice to me4 ,9 ! clause1 all virtue is lo/1 ! passive v]b is lo/ has ! =m :i* ,murray gave x--! =m :i*1 till )9 a ye> or two1 all m5 suppos$ to be ! only "r "o2 b1 accord+ to ?is new philosophy ( ! language1 all m5 h be5 z mu* 9 error 9 ?is matt]1 z 9 _! notion ( ! nom9ative absolute4 ,if ,wright's !ory ( ! v]b is correct1 ! only j =m ( ! =ego+ expression is1 all virtue is be+ lo/4 ,if ?is c5tral position is unt5able1 8 managem5t ( ! nom9ative absolute falls ( c\rse4 ,to me1 ! ins]t+ ( ! ^w be+ into all our passive v]bs1 seems ! mo/ mon/r\s absurdity ev] broa*$ 9 ! "n ( gramm>4 ,! ?reescore c]tifi]s to ! accuracy ( t !ory1 h1 ,i tr[1 only record$ !mselves z s _m ignoramuses2 = !re are m ?an ?reescore myriads ( bett] judgem5ts aga9/ !m4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii4 ,,n\ns ,,or ,,pron\ns ,,put ,,absolute4 ,him hav+ end$ 8 disc\rse1 ! assembly disp]s$4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #aij4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n him1 ^: case dep5ds on no o!r ^w1 is 9 ! objective case4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 ,a n\n or a pron\n is put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 :5 its case dep5ds on no o!r ^w4 ,!re=e1 him %\ld be he2 ?us1 ,he hav+ end$ 8 disc\rse1 ! assembly disp]s$4 ,me be+ "y1 !y deceiv$ me4--,in/4 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,!m refus+ to comply1 ,i )drew4--,ib4 ,!e be+ pres5t1 he w\ld n tell :at he knew4--,ib4 ,! *ild is lo/2 & me1 :i!r %all ,i g8--,ib4 ,oh6 happy u1 surr\nd$ ) s _m bless+s4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #ahg2 ,m]*ant's1 #aig2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #if2 ,f>num's1 #fc4 ',!e1 too6 ,brutus1 my son6' cri$ ,cs>1 ov]come4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #aij4 ,!e6 ,m>ia6 & s late6 & :o is ?y companion8--,new-,york ,mirror1 ,vol4 x1 p4 #cec4 ,h[ swiftly our "t passes away6 & ah6 u1 h[ little conc]n$ to improve x6--,comly's ,gram41 ,key1 p4 #aib4 ,!re all ?y gifts & graces we display1 ,!e1 only !e1 direct+ all our way4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,adjectives4 ,! syntax ( ! ,engli% ,adjective is fully embrac$ 9 ! foll[+ brief rule1 toge!r ) ! exceptions1 obs]vations1 & notes1 :i* are1 9 due ord]1 subjo9$4 ,,rule ,,ix4--,,adjectives4 ,adjectives relate to n\ns or pron\ns3 z1 ,mis]able com=t]s are ye all--,job1 xvi1 #b4 ,no worldly enjoym5ts are adequate to ! high desires & p[]s ( an immortal _s4--,blair4 ,:atev] faction's p>tial notions are1 ,no h& is :olly innoc5t 9 w>4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 vii1 l4 #aia4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,an adjective sometimes relates to a phrase or s5t5ce :i* is made ! subject ( an int]v5+ v]b2 z1 ,to insult ! afflict$1 is impi\s--,dillwyn4 ,t he %\ld refuse1 is n /range--,to err is human4 ,murray says1 ,human belongs to its sub/antive 'nature' und]/ood4--,gram41 p4 #bcc4 ,f ?is ,i diss5t4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,9 comb9$ ari?metical numb]s1 "o adjective (t5 relates to an o!r1 & ! :ole phrase1 to a subsequ5t n\n2 z1 ,"o ?\s& f\r hundr$ & fifty-six m54--,six doll>s & eighty-sev5 & a half c5ts = e five days' s]vice4--,9 ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-second ye>4--,"o sev5 times m ?an x 0 wont to be heat$4--,daniel1 iii1 #ai4 ,,exception ,,?ird4 ,) an inf9itive or a p>ticiple d5ot+ be+ or action 9 ! ab/ract1 an adjective is sometimes also tak5 ab/ractly2 7t is1 )\t ref]5ce to any p>ticul> n\n1 pron\n1 or o!r subject27 z1 ,to be s9c]e1 is to be wise1 innoc5t1 & safe4--,hawkeswor?4 ,capacity m>ks ! ab/ract quality ( be+ able to receive or hold4--,crabb's ,synonymes4 ,inde$1 ! ma9 secret ( be+ sublime1 is to say great ?+s 9 few & pla9 words4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #bae4 ,conc]n+ be+ free f s9 9 heav51 !re is no "q4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #dcg4 ,bett]3 ,conc]n+ fre$om f s91 c4 ,,exception ,,f\r?4 ,adjectives are sometimes sub/itut$ = _! correspond+ ab/ract n\ns2 7p]haps1 9 mo/ in/ances1 elliptically1 l ,greek neut]s27 z1 ,! s5sations ( sublime & beautiful are n always di/+ui%$ by v di/ant b\nd>ies4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dg4 ,t is1 ( sublimity & beauty4 ,! faults opposite to ! sublime are *iefly two3 ! frigid1 & ! bomba/--,ib41 p4 #dd4 ,bett]3 ,! faults opposite to sublimity1 are *iefly two2 frigidity & bomba/4 ,yet ! rul+ "* ( ! nation 0 t ( b>b>\s & cruel4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #bf4 ,t is1 ( b>b>ity & cruelty4 ,9 a ^w1 agreeable & disagreeable are qualities ( ! objects we p]ceive1 c4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ii4 ,poli%$1 or ref9$1 0 ! idea :i* ! au?or _h 9 view4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bai4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,ix4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,adjectives (t5 relate to n\ns or pron\ns und]/ood2 z1 ,a new sorr[ recalls all ! =m] sorr[s4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ca4 ,! place ,f>!/ f him is be/4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l4 ,to :om !y all gave he$1 f ! lea/ p]son to ! greate/ p]son4--,acts1 viii1 #aj4 ,! ,"l y\r ,god is ,god ( gods1 & ,"l ( lords1 a great ,god1 a mighty ,god1 & a t]rible ,god4--,deut41 x1 #ag4 ,e "o c di/+ui% an angry f a placid1 a *e]ful f a melan*oly1 a ?\ghtful f a ?\ghtless1 & a dull f a p5etrat+1 c\nt5ance4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #aib4 ,"h ! ^w c\nt5ance is und]/ood sev5 times2 = eight diff]5t c\nt5ances are spok5 (4 ,he came unto 8 own possessions1 & 8 own m5 receiv$ him n4--,john1 i1 #aa4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,coop]1 has x3 ,he came unto 8 own 7creatures17 & 8 own 7creatures7 receiv$ him n4--,pl4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,?is ambiti\s editor ( ,virgil1 abridg] ( ,murray1 exp\nd] ( ! ,bible1 & au?or ( sev]al new & improv$ gramm>s1 7( diff]5t languages17 %\ld h und]/ood ?is text1 not)/&+ ! obscurity ( our v]sion4 ,greek3 ,eis ta idia l!4 kai oi idioi auton ou p>elabon4--,9 propria v5it1 et proprii eum non recep]unt4--,montanus4 ,ad sua v5it1 et sui eum non excep]unt4--,beza4 ,il e/ v5u *ez soi2 et les si5s ne l'ont po9t reu4--,fr5* ,bible4 ,sometimes ! con/ruction ( ! adjective involves an ellipsis ( sev]al words1 & ^? p]haps ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! clause2 z1 ,! sea appe>$ to be agitat$ m ?an 9 t degree :i* is usual4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bag4 ,dur+ ! c\rse ( ! s5t5ce1 ! sc5e %\ld be *ang$ z little z 9 ! lea/ possible degree4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajg2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cab4 ,presumptu\s man6 ! reason w\ld/ ?\ f9d1 ,:y ?\ art =m'd s weak1 s little1 & s bl9d --,pope4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,because qualities belong only to ?+s1 mo/ gramm>ians tea*1 t1 ,adjectives are capable ( be+ add$ to n\ns only4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #bf4 ,or1 z ,murray expresses ! doctr9e3 ,e adjective1 & e adjective pron\n1 belongs to a sub/antive1 express$ or und]/ood4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #afa4 ,! adjective always relates to a sub/antive4--,ib41 p4 #afi4 ,?is tea*+1 :i* is alike repugnant to ! true def9ition ( an adjective1 to ! true rule = its con/ruction1 & to all ! exceptions to ?is rule1 is b a sample ( t ha/y sort ( induction1 :i* is ev] jump+ to false conclusions = want ( a fair compreh5sion ( ! facts 9 po9t4 ,! position w\ld n be t5able1 ev5 if all our pron\ns 7 admitt$ to be n\ns1 or sub/antives2 &1 if ^! two p>ts ( spee* are to be di/+ui%$1 ! consequ5ce mu/ be1 t ,murray supposes a c\ntless numb] ( unnecess>y & absurd ellipses4 ,x is suffici5tly evid5t1 t 9 ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 adjectives (t5 relate imm$iately to pron\ns1 & only ?r\gh !m to ! n\ns :i* !y repres5t4 ,examples3 ,i %\ld l to "k :o has be5 c>ri$ (f1 except poor de> me4--,byron4 ,to poor u !re is n mu* hope rema9+4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p #bjd4 ,x is ! f9al pause :i* alone1 on _m occasions1 m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 prose & v]se4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bfj4 ,& sometimes aft] !m bo?4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,all m5 hail'd me happy4--,milton4 ,to receive unhappy me4--,dryd54 ,sup]ior to !m all4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dai4 ,!y return$ to _! own c\ntry1 full ( ! discov]ies :i* !y _h made4--,ib41 p4 #cej4 ,all ye are bre?r54--,matt41 xxiii1 #h4 ,& him only %alt ?\ s]ve4--,matt41 iv1 #aj4 ,g wis] ?\1 & 9 ?y scale ( s5se ,weigh ?y op9ion aga9/ ,provid5ce4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #c4--,:5 an adjective foll[s a f9ite v]b1 & is n foll[$ by a n\n1 x g5]ally relates to ! subject ( ! v]b2 z1 ,i am glad t ! door is made wide4--,an unb\nd$ prospect do? n long cont9ue agreeable4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bdd4 ,e ?+ :i* is false1 vici\s1 or unwor?y1 is despicable to him1 ?\gh all ! _w %\ld approve x4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ebj4 ,"h false1 vici\s1 & unwor?y1 relate to :i*2 & despicable relates to ?+4 ,! practice ( ,murray & 8 foll[]s1 ( supply+ a sub/antive 9 all su* cases1 is absurd4 ,:5 ! ,adjective =ms ! ,attribute ( a ,proposition1 x belongs to ! n\n or pron\n :i* s]ves z ! ,subject ( ! ,proposition1 & _c be jo9$ to any o!r n\n1 s9ce x is ( ! ,subject t we affirm ! quality express$ by ?is ,adjective4--,de ,sacy1 on ,g5]al ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,9 "s peculi> phrases1 h[ev]1 su* z1 to fall %ort (1 to make bold )1 to set light by1 ! adjective has su* a connexion ) ! v]b1 t x may seem que/ionable h[ x ought to be expla9$ 9 p>s+4 ,examples3 7#a47 ,?is latt] mode ( expression falls %ort ( ! =ce & vehem5ce ( ! =m]4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cec4 ,"s w suppose ! ^w %ort to be "h us$ adv]bially1 or to qualify falls only2 b p]haps x may z well be p>s$ z an adjective1 =m+ a pr$icate ) falls1 & relat+ to mode1 ! nom9ative4 7#b47 ,& t ,i h made s bold ) ?y glori\s ,maje/y4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #aef4 ,?is expression is p]haps elliptical3 x may mean1 t ,i h made myself s bold1 c4 7#c47 ,curs$ be he t sette? light by 8 fa!r or 8 "m3 & all ! p %all say1 ,am54--,deut41 xxvii1 #af4 ,?is may mean1 t sette? light e/eem or e/imation1 c4 ,,obs4 #d4--,:5 an adjective foll[s an inf9itive or a p>ticiple1 ! n\n or pron\n to :i* x relates1 is sometimes be=e x1 & sometimes aft] x1 & (t5 consid]ably remote2 z1 ,a real g5tleman _c b practice ^? virtues :i*1 by an intimate k ( mank9d1 he has f\nd to be useful to !m4--,he a melan*oly en?usia/ ?9ks himself oblig$ 9 duty to be sad & disconsolate4--,addison4 ,he is sc&aliz$ at y\? = be+ lively1 & at *ildhood = be+ playful4--,id4 ,b gr[+ we>y ( "o :o almo/ walk$ him out ( brea?1 he left him = ,horace & ,anacreon4--,/eele4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,adjectives prec$$ by ! def9ite article1 are (t5 us$1 by ellipsis1 z n\ns2 z1 ! le>n$1 = le>n$ m54 ,su* phrases usually designate ^? classes ( p]sons or ?+s1 :i* are *>act]iz$ by ! qualities !y express2 & ?is1 ! read] mu/ obs]ve1 is a use q diff]5t f t sub/itution ( adjectives = n\ns1 :i* is notic$ 9 ! f\r? exception above4 ,9 our language1 ! sev]al s5ses 9 :i* adjectives may ?us be tak51 are n di/+ui%$ ) t cle>ness :i* ! inflections ( o!r tongues secure4 ,?us1 ! noble1 ! vile1 ! excell5t1 or ! beautiful1 may be put = ?ree extra con/ructions3 fir/1 = noble p]sons1 vile p]sons1 c42 secondly1 = ! noble man1 ! vile man1 c42 ?irdly1 = ! ab/ract qualities1 nobility1 vil5ess1 excell5ce1 beauty4 ,! la/-nam$ usage =ms an exception to ! rule2 9 ! o!r two ! n\n is und]/ood1 & %\ld be suppli$ by ! p>s]4 ,su* t]ms1 if elliptical1 are mo/ commonly ( ! plural numb]1 & ref] to ! ^w p]sons or ?+s und]/ood2 z1 ,! c>eless & ! imprud5t1 ! giddy & ! fickle1 ! ungrateful & ! int]e/$1 ev]y:]e meet u4--,blair4 ,"h ! n\n p]sons is to be six times suppli$4 ,:]ev] !re is ta/e1 ! witty & ! humor\s make !mselves p]ceiv$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ba4 ,"h ! au?or meant1 simply1 ! qualities wit & hum\r1 & he ought to h us$ ^! words1 because ! o!rs are equivocal1 & are m naturally conceiv$ to ref] to p]sons4 ,9 ! foll[+ c\plet1 ! n\n places or ?+s is und]/ood aft] op51 & aga9 aft] cov]t1 :i* la/ ^w is sometimes mispr9t$ cov]ts3 ,toge!r let u beat ?is ample field1 ,try :at ! op51 :at ! cov]t1 yield4--,pope1 on ,man4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! adjective1 9 ,engli%1 is g5]ally plac$ imm$iately be=e its n\n2 z1 ,va9 man6 is gr&eur giv5 to gay attire8--,beattie4 ,^? adjectives :i* relate to pron\ns1 mo/ commonly foll[ !m2 z1 ,!y left me we>y on a grassy turf4--,milton4 ,b to bo? ^! g5]al rules !re are _m exceptions2 = ! position ( an adjective may be v>i$ by a v>iety ( circum/ances1 n except+ ! m]e conv5i5ce ( emphasis3 z1 ,& ,jehu said1 ,unto :i* ( all u8--#b ,k+s1 ix1 #e4 ,9 ! foll[+ in/ances ! adjective is plac$ aft] ! ^w to :i* x relates3 #a4 ,:5 o!r words dep5d on ! adjective1 or /& be=e x to qualify x2 z1 ,a m9d consci\s ( "r1--,a wall ?ree feet ?ick1--,a body ( troops fifty ?\s& /rong4 #b4 ,:5 ! quality results f an action1 or receives its application ?r\gh a v]b or p>ticiple2 z1 ,virtue r5d]s life happy4--,he 0 9 ,tirzah1 dr9k+ himself drunk 9 ! h\se ( ,arza4--#a ,k+s1 xvi1 #i4 ,all m5 agree to call v9eg> s\r1 honey sweet1 & aloes bitt]4--,burke1 on ,ta/e1 p4 #ch4 ,god made !e p]fect1 n immutable4--,milton4 #c4 ,:5 ! quality excites admiration1 & ! adjective w\ld ?us be m cle>ly di/9ctive2 z1 ,goodness inf9ite1--,wisdom unse>*able4--,murray4 #d4 ,:5 a v]b comes betwe5 ! adjective & ! n\n2 z1 ,tru? /&s indep5d5t ( all ext]nal ?+s4--,burgh4 ,hon\r is n seemly = a fool4--,solomon4 #e4 ,:5 ! adjective is =m$ by means ( ! prefix a2 z1 afraid1 al]t1 alike1 alive1 alone1 asleep1 awake1 aw>e1 av]se1 a%am$1 askew4 ,to ^! may be add$ a few o!r words2 z1 else1 en\gh1 extant1 ext9ct1 fraught1 pursuant4 #f4 ,:5 ! adjective has ! nature1 b n ! =m1 ( a p>ticiple2 z1 ,a que5 regnant1--,! pr9ce reg5t1--,! heir app>5t1--,a lion1 n rampant1 b c\*ant or dormant--,= ! "t !n pres5t4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 "s in/ances1 ! adjective may ei!r prec$e or foll[ its n\n2 & ! writ] may take 8 *oice1 9 respect to its position3 z1 #a4 ,9 poetry--provid$ ! s5se be obvi\s2 z1 ------------------,wilt ?\ to ! isles ,atlantic1 to ! ri* ,hesp]ian clime1 ,fly 9 ! tra9 ( ,autumn8 --,ak5side1 ,p4 ( ,i41 ,book i1 p4 #bg4 -----------------------------,wilt ?\ fly ,) laugh+ ,autumn to ! ,atlantic isles1 ,& range ) him ?' ,hesp]ian field8 --,id4 ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #abj4 #b4 ,:5 te*nical usage fav\rs "o ord]1 & common usage an o!r2 z1 ,a not>y public1 or1 ,a public not>y2--,! heir presumptive1 or1 ,! presumptive heir4--,see ,johnson's ,dict41 & ,web/]'s4 #c4 ,:5 an adv]b prec$es ! adjective2 z1 ,a ,be+ inf9itely wise1 or1 ,an inf9itely wise ,be+4 ,murray1 ,comly1 & o!rs1 "h approve only ! =m] ord]2 b ! latt] is c]ta9ly n ungrammatical4 #d4 ,:5 sev]al adjectives belong to ! same n\n2 z1 ,a woman1 mode/1 s5sible1 & virtu\s1 or1 ,a mode/1 s5sible1 & virtu\s woman4 ,"h aga91 ,murray1 ,comly1 & o!rs1 approve only ! =m] ord]2 b ,i judge ! latt] to be q z good4 #e4 ,:5 ! adjective is emphatic1 x may be =emo/ 9 ! s5t5ce1 ?\gh ! natural ord] ( ! words w\ld br+ x la/2 z1 ,weighty is ! ang] ( ! righte\s4--,bible4 ,bless$ are ! pure 9 he>t4--,ib4 ,great is ! e>?1 high is ! heav51 swift is ! sun 9 8 c\rse4--#a ,esdras1 iv1 #cd4 ,! m labori\s ! life is1 ! less popul\s is ! c\ntry4--,goldsmi?'s ,essays1 p4 #aea4 #f4 ,:5 ! adjective & its n\n bo? foll[ a v]b z p>ts ( ! pr$icate1 ei!r may possibly come be=e ! o!r1 yet ! arrangem5t is fix$ by ! s5se int5d$3 ?us !re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! ass]tions1 ,we call ! boy good1 &1 ,we call ! good boy ,,obs4 #h4--;,by an ellipsis ( ! n\n1 an adjective ) a preposition be=e x1 is sometimes equival5t to an adv]b2 z1 ,9 p>ticul>2 t is1 ,9 a p>ticul> mann]2 equival5t to p>ticul>ly4 ,s 9 g5]al is equival5t to g5]ally4 ,x has already be5 sugge/$1 t1 9 p>s+1 ! s*ol> %\ld "h supply ! ellipsis4 ,see ,obs4 #c;d1 "u ,rule vii4 ,,obs4 #i4--,?\gh ,engli% adjectives are1 = ! mo/ "p1 incapable ( any agreem5t1 yet su* ( !m z d5ote unity or plurality1 ought 9 g5]al to h n\ns ( ! same numb]3 z1 ?is man1 "o man1 two m51 _m m54#cgb ,9 phrases ( ?is =m1 ! rule is well obs]v$2 b 9 "s peculi> ways ( numb]+ ?+s1 x is commonly disreg>d$2 = c]ta9 n\ns are tak5 9 a plural s5se )\t assum+ ! plural t]m9ation4 ,?us p talk ( _m /one ( *eese1--_m sail ( vessels1--_m /& ( arms1--_m head ( cattle1--_m doz5 ( eggs1--_m brace ( p>tridges1--_m pair ( %oes4 ,s we read 9 ! ,bible ( two hundr$ p5nywor? ( bread1 & twelve mann] ( fruits4 ,9 all su* phraseology1 !re is1 9 reg>d to ! =m ( ! latt] ^w1 an evid5t disagreem5t ( ! adjective ) its imm$iate n\n2 b sometimes1 7:]e ! preposition ( does n occur17 expressions t seem some:at l ^!1 may be elliptical3 z :5 hi/orians tell ( _m ?\s& foot 7soldi]s71 or _m hundr$ horse 7troops74 ,to d5ote a collective numb]1 a s+ul> adjective may prec$e a plural "o2 z1 ,"o hundr$ m51--,e six weeks4 ,& to d5ote plurality1 ! adjective _m may1 9 l mann]1 prec$e an or a ) a s+ul> n\n2 z1 ,! ,odyssey ent]ta9s u ) _m a wond]ful adv5ture1 & _m a l&scape ( nature4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dcf4 ,!re />ts up _m a writ]4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cjf4 ,full _m a fl[] is born to blu% unse51 ,& wa/e its sweetness on ! des]t air4--,gray4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,?\gh ?is & t _c relate to plurals1 _m writ]s d n hesitate to place !m be=e s+ul>s tak5 conjo9tly1 :i* are equival5t to plurals2 z1 ,?is p[] & w d necess>ily produce t :i* man is emp[]$ to d4--,sale's ,koran1 i1 #bbi4 ,t sobriety & self-d5ial :i* are ess5tial to ! support ( virtue4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bah4 ,?is mode/y & dec5cy 7 look$ ^u by !m z a law ( nature4--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #de4 ,"h ! plural =ms1 ^! & ^?1 _c be sub/itut$2 b ! s+ul> may be repeat$1 if ! repetition be ?\ght necess>y4 ,yet1 :5 ^! same pronom9al adjectives are plac$ aft] ! n\ns to sugge/ ! ?+s aga91 !y mu/ be made plural2 z1 ,mode/y & dec5cy 7 ?us c>efully gu>d$1 = ^! 7 look$ ^u z be+ enjo9$ by ! law ( nature4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,9 prose1 ! use ( adjectives = adv]bs is improp]2 b1 9 poetry1 an adjective relat+ to ! n\n or pron\n1 is sometimes elegantly us$ 9 /ead ( an adv]b qualify+ ! v]b or p>ticiple2 z2 ,gradual s9ks ! breeze ,into a p]fect calm4--,?omson's ,seasons1 p4 #cd4 ,to ,!e ,i b5d ! knee2 to ,!e my ?\ghts ,cont9ual climb4--,ib41 p4 #dh4 ,z on he walks ,graceful1 & cr[s defiance4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,z ?r\gh ! fall+ glooms ,p5sive ,i /ray4--,ib41 p4 #hj4 ,!y1 sportive1 :eel2 or1 sail+ d[n ! /ream1 ,are snat*'d imm$iate by ! quick-ey$ tr\t4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,incessant /ill y fl[4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,! %att]'d cl\ds ,tumultu\s rove1 ! int]m9able sky ,sublim] swells4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,9 ord] to det]m9e1 9 difficult cases1 :e!r an adjective or an adv]b is requir$1 ! le>n] %\ld c>efully att5d to ! def9itions ( ^! p>ts ( spee*1 & consid] :e!r1 9 ! case 9 "q1 quality is to be express$1 or mann]3 if ! =m]1 an adjective is always prop]2 if ! latt]1 an adv]b4 ,t is1 9 ?is case1 ! adv]b1 ?\gh n always requir$ 9 poetry1 is specially requisite 9 prose4 ,! foll[+ examples w illu/rate ?is po9t3 ,%e looks cold2--,%e looks coldly on him4--,i sat sil5t2--,i sat sil5tly mus+4--,/& firm2 ma9ta9 y\r cause firmly4 ,see ,etymology1 ,*ap1 viii1 ,obs4 #d?1 #e?1 #f?1 & #g?1 on ! ,modifications ( ,adv]bs4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,9 ,engli%1 an adjective & its n\n are (t5 tak5 z a sort ( comp\nd t]m1 to :i* o!r adjectives may be add$2 z1 ,an old man2 a good old man2 a v le>n$1 judici\s1 good old man4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afi2 ,brit4 ,gram41 #aie2 ,bu*anan's1 #gi4 ,( an o!r det]m9ate positive new bir?1 subsequ5t to baptism1 we "k no?+4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #ahc4 ,:5 adjectives are ?us accumulat$1 ! subsequ5t ones %\ld convey su* ideas z ! =m] may consi/5tly qualify1 o!rwise ! expression w be objectionable4 ,?us ! ord9al adjectives1 fir/1 second1 ?ird1 next1 & la/1 may qualify ! c>d9al numb]s1 b !y _c v prop]ly be qualifi$ by !m4 ,:51 !re=e1 we specify any "p ( a s]ies1 ! c>d9al adjective ought1 by good "r1 to foll[ ! ord9al1 & n1 z 9 ! foll[+ phrase1 be plac$ be=e x3 ,9 read+ ! n9e la/ *apt]s ( ,john4--,full]4 ,prop]ly speak+1 !re is b "o la/ *apt] 9 any book4 ,say1 !re=e1 ! la/ n9e *apt]s2 =1 out ( ! tw5ty-"o *apt]s 9 ,john1 a man may select sev]al diff]5t n9es4 7,see ,etymology1 ,*ap1 iv1 ,obs4 #g?1 on ! ,degrees ( ,comp>ison47 ,:5 "o ( ! adjectives m]ely qualifies ! o!r1 !y %\ld be jo9$ toge!r by a hyph52 z1 ,a r$-hot iron4--,a dead-ripe melon4 ,& :5 bo? or all ref] equally & solely to ! n\n1 !y ought ei!r to be connect$ by a conjunction1 or to be sep>at$ by a comma4 ,! foll[+ example is !re=e faulty3 ,x is ! bus9ess ( an epic poet1 to =m a probable int]e/+ tale4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dbg4 ,say1 probable & int]e/+2 or else ins]t a comma 9 lieu ( ! conjunction4 ,ar\nd him wide a sable army /&1 ,a l[-born1 cell-br$1 selfi%1 s]vile b&4 --,dunciad1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #cee4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,dr4 ,prie/ley has obs]v$3 ,!re is a rem>kable ambiguity 9 ! use ( ! negative adjective no2 & ,i d n see1 says he1 h[ x c be rem$i$ 9 any language4 ,if ,i say1 ',no laws are bett] ?an ! ,engli%1' x is only my kn[n s5tim5ts t c in=m a p]son :e!r ,i mean to praise1 or dispraise !m4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,x may n be possible to remove ! ambiguity f ! phraseology "h cit$1 b x is easy en\gh to avoid ! =m1 & say 9 /ead ( x1 ,! ,engli% laws are worse ?an none1 or1 ,! ,engli% laws are z good z any2 &1 9 nei!r ( ^! expressions1 is !re any ambiguity1 ?\gh ! o!r may d\btless be tak5 9 ei!r ( ^! s5ses4 ,su* an ambiguity is sometimes us$ on purpose3 z :5 "o man says ( an o!r1 ,he is no small knave2 or1 ,he is no small fool4 ,!re liv'd 9 primo ,georgii 7!y record7 ,a wor?y memb]1 no small fool1 a "l4--,pope1 p4 #dji4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,ix4 ,,note ,i4--,adjectives t imply unity or plurality1 mu/ agree ) _! n\ns 9 numb]3 z1 ,t sort1 ^? sorts2--,?is h&1 ^! h&s4 #cgc ,,note ,,ii4--,:5 ! adjective is necess>ily plural1 or necess>ily s+ul>1 ! n\n %\ld be made s too3 z1 ,tw5ty p\nds n1 ,tw5ty p\nd2--,f\r feet long1 n1 ,f\r foot long2--,"o session n1 ,"o sessions4 ,,note ,,iii4--,! reciprocal expression1 "o an o!r1 %\ld n be appli$ to two objects1 nor ea* o!r1 or "o ! o!r1 to m ?an two2 z1 ,v]se & prose1 on "s occasions1 run into "o ano!r1 l light & %ade4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgg2 ,jamieson's1 #bih4 ,say1 into ea* o!r ,= mank9d h always be5 but*]+ ea* o!r--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #aea4 ,say1 "o an o!r ,see ,etymology1 ,*ap1 iv1 ,obs4 #ae?1 #af?1 #ag?1 & #ah?1 on ! ,classes ( ,adjectives4 ,,note ,,iv4--,:5 ! comp>ative degree is employ$ ) ?an1 ! latt] t]m ( comp>ison %\ld nev] include ! =m]2 nor ! =m] ! latt]3 z1 ,iron is m useful ?an all ! metals--,all ! metals are less useful ?an iron4 ,9 ei!r case1 x %\ld be1 all ! o!r metals1 ,,note ,v4--,:5 ! sup]lative degree is employ$1 ! latt] t]m ( comp>ison1 :i* is introduc$ by (1 %\ld nev] exclude ! =m]2 z1 ,a fondness = %[1 is1 ( all o!r follies1 ! mo/ va94 ,"h ! ^w o!r %\ld be expung$2 = ?is latt] t]m mu/ include ! =m]3 t is1 ! fondness = %[ mu/ be "o ( ! follies ( :i* x is ! va9e/4 ,,note ,,vi4--,:5 equality is d5i$1 or inequality affirm$1 nei!r t]m ( ! comp>ison %\ld ev] include ! o!r2 because e ?+ mu/ ne$s be equal to itself1 & x is absurd to sugge/ t a "p surpasses ! :ole3 z1 ,no writ+s :atev] ab\nd s mu* ) ! bold & animat$ figures1 z ! sacr$ books4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dad4 ,say1 ,no o!r writ+s :atev]2 because ! sacr$ books are writ+s ,see ,etymology1 ,*ap1 iv1 ,obs4 #f?1 on ,regul> ,comp>ison4 ,,note ,,vii4--,comp>ative t]m9ations1 & adv]bs ( degree1 %\ld n be appli$ to adjectives t are n susceptible ( comp>ison2 & all d\ble comp>atives & d\ble sup]latives %\ld be avoid$3 z1 ,s univ]sal a compla9t3 say r1 ,s g5]al4--,"s less nobl] plund]3 say1 less noble--,! mo/ /raite/ sect3 expunge mo/4 ,see ,etymology1 ,*ap1 iv1 f ,obs4 #e? to ,obs4 #ac?1 on ,irregul> ,comp>ison4#cgd ,,note ,,viii4--,:5 adjectives are connect$ by &1 or1 or nor1 ! %orte/ & simple/ %\ld 9 g5]al be plac$ fir/2 z1 ,he is old] & m respectable ?an 8 bro!r4 ,to say1 m respectable & old] w\ld be obvi\sly inelegant1 z possibly involv+ ! inaccuracy ( m old]4 ,,note ,,ix4--,:5 "o adjective is sup]add$ to an o!r )\t a conjunction express$ or und]/ood1 ! mo/ di/+ui%+ quality mu/ be express$ next to ! n\n1 & ! latt] mu/ be su* z ! =m] may consi/5tly qualify2 z1 ,an agreeable "y man1 n1 ,a "y agreeable man4--,! art ( speak+1 l all o!r practical arts1 may be facilitat$ by rules1--,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #aj4 ,example ( error3 ,! ,anglo-,saxon language possess$1 = ! two fir/ p]sons1 a ,dual numb]4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 p4 #ei4 ,say1 ! fir/ two p]sons2 = ! second ( ?ree c h>dly be "o ( ! fir/2 & two fir/ ) ! second & ?ird add$1 w cle>ly make m ?an ?ree4 ,see ,obs4 #ab?1 above4 ,,note ,x4--,9 prose1 ! use ( adjectives = adv]bs1 is a vulg> error2 ! adv]b alone be+ prop]1 :5 mann] or degree is to be express$1 & n quality2 z1 ,he writes elegant2 say1 elegantly4--,x is a rem>kable good lik5ess2 say1 rem>kably good4 ,,note ,,xi4--,! pron\n !m %\ld nev] be us$ z an adjective1 9 lieu ( ^?3 say1 ,i b\ght ^? books2 n1 !m books4 ,?is also is a vulg> error1 & *iefly conf9$ to ! conv]sation ( ! unle>n$4#cge ,,note ,,xii4--,:5 ! pronom9al adjectives1 ?is & t1 or ^! & ^?1 are contra/$2 ?is or ^! %\ld repres5t ! latt] ( ! antec$5t t]ms1 & t or ^? ! =m]3 z1 ,&1 reason raise o'er in/9ct z y c1 ,9 ?is 'tis ,god directs1 9 t 'tis man4--,pope4 ,f>ewell my fri5ds6 f>ewell my foes6 ,my peace ) ^!1 my love ) ^?6--,burns4 ,,note ,,xiii4--,! pronom9al adjectives ei!r & nei!r1 9 /rict propriety ( syntax1 relate to two ?+s only2 :5 m are ref]r$ to1 any & none1 or any "o & no "o1 %\ld be us$ 9 /ead ( !m3 z1 ,any ( ! ?ree1 or1 ,any "o ( ! ?ree2 n1 ,ei!r ( ! ?ree4--,none ( ! f\r1 or1 ,no "o ( ! f\r2 n1 ,nei!r ( ! f\r4 #cgf ,,note ,,xiv4--,! adjective :ole mu/ n be us$ 9 a plural s5se1 = all2 nor less1 9 ! s5se ( few]2 nor m or mo/1 9 any ambigu\s con/ruction1 :]e x may be ei!r an adv]b ( degree1 or an adjective ( numb] or quantity3 z1 ,almo/ ! :ole inhabitants 7 pres5t4--,,hume3 see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aij4cgg ,say1 ,almo/ all ! inhabitants4 ,no less ?an ?ree diction>ies h be5 publi%$ to correct x4--,dr4 ,web/]4 ,say1 ,no few]4 ,?is trade enri*$ "s p m ?an !m4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bae4 ,?is passage is n cle> 9 its import3 x may h ei!r ( two mean+s4 ,say1 ,?is trade enri*$ "s o!r p1 besides !m4 ,or1 ,?is trade enri*$ "s o!rs m ?an x did !m4 ,,note ,,xv4--,p>ticipial adjectives reta9 ! t]m9ation1 b n ! gov]nm5t ( p>ticiples2 :51 !re=e1 !y are foll[$ by ! objective case1 a preposition mu/ be ins]t$ to gov]n x3 z1 ,! man :o is mo/ sp>+ ( 8 words1 is g5]ally mo/ des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,,note ,,xvi4--,:5 ! figure ( any adjective affects ! syntax & s5se ( ! s5t5ce1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to give to ! ^w or words t =m1 simple or comp\nd1 :i* suits ! true mean+ & con/ruction4 ,examples3 ,he is =ehead bald1 yet he is clean4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,lev41 xiii1 #da4 ,say1 =ehead-bald41--,,alg]',s ,,bible1 & ,,scott',s4 ,f su* phrases z1 ',new ,engl& sc5]y1' conv5i5ce requires ! omission ( ! hyph54--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,?is is a false notion4 ,)\t ! hyph51 ! phrase prop]ly means1 ,new sc5]y 9 ,engl&2 b ,new-,engl& sc5]y is sc5]y 9 ,new ,engl&4 ',_m col\r$ w+s1' means _m w+s :i* are col\r$2 b '_m-col\r$ w+s' means w+s ( _m col\rs4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,ix4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,agreem5t ,,( ,,adjectives4 ,i am n recomm5d+ ^! k9d ( suff]+s to y\r lik+4--,,bp4 ,,%]lock3 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! adjective ^! is plural1 & does n agree ) its n\n k9d1 :i* is s+ul>4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #a/ "u ,rule #i?3 ,adjectives t imply unity or plurality1 mu/ agree ) _! n\ns 9 numb]4 ,!re=e1 ^! %\ld be ?is2 ?us1 ,i am n recomm5d+ ?is k9d ( suff]+s4 ,i h n be5 to ,london ?is five ye>s4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,^! k9d ( v]bs are m expressive ?an _! radicals4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #afc4 ,few ( u w\ld be less corrupt$ ?an k+s are1 7 we1 l !m1 beset ) flatt]]s1 & poison$ ) t v]m94--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ff4 ,b x seems ?is lit]ati _h be5 v ill rew>d$ = _! +5i\s lab\rs4--,rod]ick ,r&om1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #hg4 ,if ,i _h n left (f tr\bl+ myself ab\t ^? k9d ( ?+s4--,swift4 ,= ^! sort ( ?+s are usually jo9'd to ! mo/ not$ =tune4--,bacon's ,essays1 p4 #aja4 ,! nature ( t ri*es & long-suff]+ is1 to lead to rep5tance4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #chj4 ,i fancy !y are ^! k9d ( gods1 :i* ,horace m5tions4--,addison1 on ,m$als1 p4 #gd4 ,dur+ t eight days !y are prohibit$ f t\*+ ! sk94--,hope ( ,israel1 p4 #gh4 ,besides1 he _h n mu* provisions left = 8 army4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #hf4 ,are y n a%am$ to h no o!r ?\ghts ?an t ( amass+ weal?1 & ( acquir+ glory1 cr$it1 & dignities8--,ib41 p4 #aib4 ,x di/+ui%e? /ill m rem>kably ! feel+s ( ! =m] f t ( ! latt]4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 xvii4 ,& ?is good tid+s ( ! reign %all be publi%$ ?r\gh all ! _w4--,campbell's ,gospels1 ,matt41 xxiv1 #ad4 ,?is tw5ty ye>s h ,i be5 ) !e4--,g541 xxxi1 #ch4 ,9 ^! k9d ( expressions "s words seem to be und]/ood4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #agi4 ,he ?\ght ^! k9d ( excesses indicative ( greatness4--,hunt's ,byron1 p4 #aag4 ,^! sort ( fell[s are v num]\s4--,spect41 ,no4 #dhf4 ,:]eas ^! sort ( m5 _c give acc\nt ( _! fai?4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ddd4 ,b ! "q is1 :e!r t be ! words4--,ib41 iii1 #cba4 ,s t ^! sort ( ,expressions are n prop]ly ,optative4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bgf4 ,_m ?+s are n t :i* !y appe> to be4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,s t e possible means are us$4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 iv4 ,we h /rict /atutes1 & mo/ bit+ laws1 ,:i* = ?is n9ete5 ye>s we h let sleep4--,%ak4 ,!y c\ld n speak2 & s ,i left !m bo?1 ,to be> ?is tid+s to ! bloody k+4--,id41 ,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,fix$ ,,numb]s4 ,:y1 ,i ?9k %e _c be above six foot two in*es high4--,spect41 ,no4 #ecc4 ,! _w is pretty regul> = ab\t =ty rod ea/ & t5 we/4--,ib41 ,no4 #ece4 ,! /&>d be+ m ?an two foot above x4--,,bacon3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,/&>d4 ,suppos+ 7among o!r ,?+s7 he saw two ,suns1 & two ,!bes4--,bacon's ,wisdom1 p4 #be4 ,on ! "r h& we g into a p>l\r ?irty ?ree foot by ?irty n9e4--,%effield's ,works1 ii1 #beh4 ,?ree p\nd ( gold w5t to "o %ield4--#a ,k+s1 x1 #ag4 ,su* an assemblage ( m5 z !re appe>s to h be5 at t sessions4--,! ,fri5d1 x1 #chi4 ,&1 truly1 he ha? sav$ me ?is pa9s4--,b>clay's ,works1 ii1 #bff4 ,)9 ?is ?ree mile may y see x com+4--,,%ak43 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,mile4 ,mo/ ( ! *ur*es1 n all1 _h "o or m rul+ eld]4--,hut*9son's ,hi/4 ( ,mass41 i1 #cge4 ,:ile a ,m9ute ,philosoph]1 n six foot high1 attempts to de?rone ! ,mon>* ( ! univ]se4--,b]kley's ,alciphron1 p4 #aea4 ,! wall is t5 foot high4--,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,! /alls mu/ be t5 foot broad4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bja4 ,a close prison] 9 a room tw5ty foot squ>e1 be+ at ! nor? side ( 8 *amb]1 is at lib]ty to walk tw5ty foot s\?w>d1 n to walk tw5ty foot nor?w>d4--,,locke3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,nor?w>d4 ,nor1 aft] all ?is pa9s & indu/ry1 did !y ?9k !mselves qualifi$4--,columbian ,orator1 p4 #ac4 ,no less ?an ?irte5 gypsies 7 condemn$ at "o ,suffolk assizes1 & execut$4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ccc4 ,! k+ 0 petition$ to appo9t "o1 or m1 p]son1 or p]sons4--,,macaulay3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aid4 ,he c>ries weight6 he rides a race6 ',tis = a ?\s& p\nd6--,c[p]'s ,poems1 i1 #bgi4 ,!y c>ry ?ree tire ( guns at ! head1 & at ! /]n !re are two tire ( guns4--,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,galleass4 ,! v]ses consi/ ( two sort ( rhymes4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #aab4 ,a pres5t ( #dj camel's load ( ! mo/ preci\s ?+s ( ,syria4--,wood's ,dict41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #afb4 ,a l>ge gramm>1 t %all ext5d to e m9uti4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 ,t5? ,ed41 ,pref41 p4 iii4 ,s _m spots1 l nves on ,v5us' soil1 ,"o jewel set (f ) s _m foil4--,dryd54 ,=1 ( ! l[] end1 two h&ful ,x _h dev\r'd1 x 0 s manful4--,hudibras1 i1 #cfe4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,( ,,reciprocals4 ,t %all & w might be sub/itut$ = "o ano!r4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,we use n %all & w promiscu\sly = "o ano!r4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,b ,i wi% to di/+ui% ! ?ree high ones f ea* o!r also4--,f[le's ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,or on "s o!r relation1 :i* two objects be> to "o ano!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #adb4 ,yet ! two words lie s ne> to "o ano!r 9 mean+1 t 9 ! pres5t case1 any "o ( !m1 p]haps1 w\ld h be5 suffici5t4--,ib41 p4 #bjc4 ,bo? orators use great lib]ties ) "o ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #bdd4 ,t great] sep>ation ( ! two sexes f "o ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #dff4 ,mo/ ( :om live remote f ea* o!r4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ci4 ,tea*]s l to see _! pupils polite to ea* o!r4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #bh4 ,9 a little "t1 he & ,i mu/ keep company ) "o ano!r only4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgd4 ,?\ghts & circum/ances cr[d ^u ea* o!r4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cb4 ,!y _c see h[ ! anci5t ,greeks c\ld und]/& ea* o!r4--,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #if4 ,! _s ( ! poet1 ! patriot1 & ! prophet1 vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 8 brea/4--,hazlitt's ,lect41 p4 #aab4 ,a?amas & ,ino lov$ "o ano!r4--,classic ,tales1 p4 #ia4 ,:]e two ?+s are comp>$ or contra/$ to "o ano!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aai4 ,:]e two ?+s are comp>$1 or contra/$1 ) "o ano!r4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cbd4 ,9 ! classification ( words1 almo/ all writ]s diff] f ea* o!r4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 iv4 ,i w n tr\ble !e1 my *ild4 ,f>ewell2 ,we'll no m meet2 no m see "o ano!r4--,%ak4 ,le>4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,comp>atives4 ,err\rs 9 ,education %\ld be less indulg$ ?an any4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 iv4 ,?is 0 less 8 case ?an any man's t ev] wrote4--,pref4 to ,wall]4 ,?is trade enri*$ "s p m ?an x enri*$ !m4 #cgh--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bae4 ,! ,*aldee alphabet1 9 :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t has rea*$ u1 is m beautiful ?an any anci5t "* kn[n4--,wilson's ,essay1 p4 #e4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion gives a m lovely "* ( ,god1 ?an any religion ev] did4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #afi4 ,! temple ( ,*olula 0 deem$ m holy ?an any 9 ,new ,spa94--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 ii1 #dgg4 ,cibb] grants x to be a bett] poem ( its k9d ?an ev] 0 writ4--,pope4 ,%akspe>e is m fai?ful to ! true language ( nature1 ?an any writ]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfh4 ,"o son ,i _h--"o1 m ?an all my sons1 ! /r5g? ( ,troy4--,c[p]'s ,hom]4 ,n[ ,israel lov$ ,joseph m ?an all 8 *ildr51 because he 0 ! son ( 8 old age4--,g541 xxxvii1 #c4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,( ,,sup]latives4 ,( all o!r simpletons1 he 0 ! greate/4--,nutt+'s ,engli% ,idioms4 ,( all o!r be+s1 man has c]ta9ly ! greate/ reason = gratitude4--,ibid41 ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,?is lady is ! prettie/ ( all h] si/]s4--,peyton's ,elem5ts ( ,eng4 ,lang41 p4 #ci4 ,! relation :i*1 ( all o!rs1 is by f> ! mo/ fruitful ( tropes1 ,i h n yet m5tion$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ada4 ,he /udi$ ,greek ! mo/ ( any nobleman4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bca4 ,& inde$ t 0 ! qualification ( all o!rs mo/ want$ at t "t4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ii1 #ce4 ,yet we d5y t ! k ( him1 z outw>dly crucifi$1 is ! be/ ( all o!r k ( him4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #add4 ,our ideas ( numb]s are ( all o!rs ! mo/ accurate & di/9ct4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #ce4 ,?is inde$ is ( all o!rs ! case :5 x c be lea/ necess>y to "n ! ag5t4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #bca4 ,! p]iod1 to :i* y h arriv$1 is p]haps ! mo/ critical & important ( any mom5t ( y\r lives4--,ib41 i1 #cid4 ,p]ry's royal octavo is e/eem$ ! be/ ( any pron\nc+ ,diction>y yet kn[n4--,r$ ,book1 p4 x4 ,?is is ! t5? p]secution1 & ( all ! =ego+1 ! mo/ bloody4--,sammes's ,antiquities1 ,*ap4 xiii4 ,! ,engli% tongue is ! mo/ susceptible ( sublime imag]y1 ( any language 9 ! _w4--,see ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,hom] is univ]sally all[$ to h _h ! greate/ ,inv5tion ( any writ] :atev]4--,pope's ,preface to ,hom]4 ,9 a v]sion ( ?is p>ticul> "w1 :i* mo/ ( any o!r seems to require a v5]able antique ca/4--,ib4 ,because ,i ?9k him ! be/ in=m$ ( any naturali/ :o has ev] writt54-- ,jeff]son's ,notes1 p4 #hb4 ,man is capable ( be+ ! mo/ social ( any animal4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #ade4 ,x is ( all o!rs t :i* mo/ moves u4--,ib41 p4 #aeh4 ,:i* ( all o!rs1 is ! mo/ necess>y article4--,ib41 p4 #aff4 ,quo? he '?is gambol ?\ advise/1 ,is1 ( all o!rs1 ! unwise/4'--,hudibras1 iii1 #caf4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,inclusive ,,t]ms4 ,noah & 8 family outliv$ all ! p :o liv$ be=e ! flood4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aja4 ,i ?9k x sup]ior to any "w ( t nature we h yet _h4--,dr4 ,blair's ,rec4 9 ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cjj4 ,we h _h no gramm>ian :o has employ$ s mu* lab\r & judgm5t ^u our native language1 z ! au?or ( ^! volumes4--,briti% ,critic1 ib41 ii1 #bii4 ,no p]sons feel s mu* ! di/resses ( o!rs1 z !y :o h exp]i5c$ di/ress !mselves4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo41 p4 #bbg4 ,nev] 0 any p s mu* infatuat$ z ! ,jewi% nation4--,ib41 p4 #ahe2 ,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,no tongue is s full ( connective p>ticles z ! ,greek4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #he4 ,nev] sov]eign 0 s mu* belov$ by ! p4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 ,r4 xv1 p4 #fh4 ,no sov]eign 0 ev] s mu* belov$ by ! p4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bjb4 ,no?+ ev] affect$ h] s mu* z ?is misconduct ( h] *ild4--,ib41 p4 #bjc2 ,m]*ant's1 #aie4 ,( all ! figures ( spee*1 none comes s ne> to pa9t+ z metaphor4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #adb2 ,jamieson's1 #adi4 ,i "k none s happy 9 8 metaphors z ,mr4 ,addison4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aej4 ,( all ! ,engli% au?ors1 none is s happy 9 8 metaphors z ,addison4--,jamieson's1 ,rhet41 p4 #aeg4 ,p]haps no writ] 9 ! _w 0 ev] s frugal ( 8 words z ,ari/otle4--,blair1 p4 #agg2 ,jamieson1 #bea4 ,nev] 0 any writ] s happy 9 t concise spirit$ /yle z ,mr4 ,pope4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #djc4 ,9 ! h>moni\s /ructure & disposition ( p]iods1 no writ] :atev]1 anci5t or mod]n1 equals ,cic]o4--,blair1 #aba2 ,jamieson1 #abc4 ,no?+ delights me s mu* z ! works ( nature4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aej4 ,no p]son 0 ev] s p]plex$ z he has be5 to-day4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #baf4 ,9 no case are writ]s s apt to err z 9 ! position ( ! ^w only4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,= no?+ is s tiresome z p]petual uni=mity4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajb4 ,no writ+ lifts exalt$ man s high1 ,z sacr$ & s\l-mov+ poesy4--,%effield4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,extra ,,comp>isons4 ,h[ mu* m are ye bett] ?an ! f[ls6--,luke1 xii1 #bd4 ,d n ?\ ha/5 above ! ,mo/ ,highe/4--#b ,esdras1 iv1 #cd4 ,?is ^w pe] is mo/ pr9cipally us$ = ! nobility ( ! realm4--,c[ell4 ,because ! same is n only mo/ univ]sally receiv$1 c4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ddg4 ,?is is1 ,i say1 n ! be/ & mo/ pr9cipal evid5ce4--,ib41 iii1 #da4 ,(f] unto ,god ?anksgiv+1 & pay ?y v[s unto ! ,mo/ ,highe/4--,! ,psalt]1 ,ps4 #a1 #ad4 ,! holy place ( ! tab]nacle ( ! ,mo/ ,highe/4--,ib41 ,ps4 xlvi1 #d4 ,z boys %\ld be educat$ ) temp]ance1 s ! fir/ greate/ lesson t %\ld be taught !m is to admire frugality4--,goldsmi?'s ,essays1 p4 #aeb4 ,m univ]sal t]ms are put = su* z are m re/rict$4--,br[n's ,metaphors1 p4 #aa4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ unk9de/ cut ( all4--,dodd's ,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bea2 ,s+]'s ,%ak41 ii1 #bfd4 ,to take ! base/ & mo/ poore/ %ape4--,dodd's ,%ak41 p4 #bfa4 ,i'll =be>3 & am fall5 out ) my m headi] w4--,ib41 p4 #bfb4 ,! p[] ( ! ,mo/ ,highe/ gu>d !e f s94--,p]cival1 on ,apo/olic ,succession1 p4 #ij4 ,:i* title _h be5 m tru]1 if ! diction>y _h be5 9 ,lat9 & ,wel*4--,,v]/egan3 ,h>rison's ,e4 ,lang41 p4 #bed4 ,! wat]s are m soon] & h>d] froz51 ?an m fur!r upw>d1 )9 ! inl&s4--,id41 ib4 ,at e desc5t1 ! wor/ may become m worse4--,h4 ,,mann3 ,l\isville ,exam9]1 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #adi4 ,or z a moat def5sive to a h\se ,aga9/ ! envy ( less happi] l&s4--,%akspe>e4 ,a dreadful quiet felt1 & wors] f> ,?an arms1 a sull5 int]val ( w>4--,dryd54 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,adjectives ,,connect$4 ,x breaks =? 9 its mo/ en]getick1 impassion$1 & highe/ /ra94--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ff4 ,he has fall5 into ! mo/ gross & vile/ sort ( rail+4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #bfa4 ,to receive t m g5]al & high] in/ruction :i* ! public af=ds4--,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #bha4 ,if ! be/ ?+s h ! p]fecte/ & be/ op]ations4--,,hook]3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,x became ! pla9e/ & mo/ elegant1 ! mo/ spl5did & ri*e/1 ( all languages4--,see ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,b ! mo/ frequ5t & ! pr9cipal use ( pauses1 is1 to m>k ! divisions ( ! s5se4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cca2 ,murray's ,gram41 #bdh4 ,t e ?+ belong+ to ourselves is ! p]fecte/ & ! be/4--,cl>kson's ,prize ,essay1 p4 #ahi4 ,& to in/ruct _! pupils 9 ! mo/ ?or\gh & be/ mann]4--,report ( a ,s*ool ,committee4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,adjectives ,,sup]add$4 ,! ,fa!r is figur$ out z an old v5]able man4--,dr4 ,br[nlee's ,controv]sy4 ,!re nev] 0 exhibit$ su* ano!r ma/]piece ( gho/ly assurance4--,id4 ,aft] ! ?ree fir/ s5t5ces1 ! "q is entirely lo/4--,spect41 ,no1 #dgf4 ,! f\r la/ p>ts ( spee* are commonly call$ p>ticles4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,! two la/ *apt]s w n be f\nd defici5t 9 ?is respect4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #f4 ,write ^u y\r slates a li/ ( ! t5 fir/ n\ns4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #he4 ,we h a few rema9s ( o!r two ,greek poets 9 ! pa/oral /yle1 ,mos*us & ,bion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cic4 ,! n9e fir/ *apt]s ( ! book ( ,prov]bs are highly poetical4--,ib41 p4 #dag4 ,= ( ^! five heads1 only ! two fir/ h any p>ticul> relation to ! sublime4--,ib41 p4 #ce4 ,! resembl+ s\nds ( ! two la/ syllables give a ludicr\s air to ! :ole4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #fi4 ,! ?ree la/ are arbitr>y4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,b 9 ! phrase ',%e hangs ! curta9s1' ! v]b hangs is a transitive active v]b4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,if our def9ition ( a v]b1 & ! arrangem5t ( transitive or intransitive active1 passive1 & neut] v]bs1 are prop]ly und]/ood4--,ib41 #ae? ,ed41 p4 #cj4 ,^! two la/ l9es h an emb>rass+ con/ruction4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #afj4 ,god 0 provok$ to dr[n !m all1 b ,noah & o!r sev5 p]sons4--,wood's ,dict41 ii1 #abi4 ,! six fir/ books ( ! neid are extremely beautiful4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #bg4 ,a few m in/ances only c be giv5 "h4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,a few m ye>s w oblit]ate e ve/ige ( a subjunctive =m4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,"s def9e !m to be v]bs devoid ( ! two fir/ p]sons4--,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bje4 ,9 su* ano!r ,essay-tract z ?is4--,:ite's ,engli% ,v]b1 p4 #cjb4 ,b we fe> t n su* ano!r man is to be f\nd4--,,rev4 ,,ed4 ,,irv+3 on ,horne's ,psalms1 p4 xxiii4 ,oh su* ano!r sleep1 t ,i might see ,b su* ano!r man6--,,%ak41 ,antony & ,cleopatra4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,adjectives ,,= ,,adv]bs4 ,! is an article1 relat+ to ! n\n balm1 agreeable to ,rule #aa4--;,comly's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,wise is an adjective relat+ to ! n\n man's1 agreeable to ,rule #aa?4--,ibid41 #ab? ,ed41 (t54 ,to :om ,i obs]v$1 t ! be] 0 extreme good4--,goldsmi?'s ,essays1 p4 #abg4 ,he writes rem>kably elegant4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,john behaves truly civil to all m54--,ib41 p4 #aec4 ,all ! sorts ( words hi!rto consid]$ h ea* ( !m "s mean+1 ev5 :5 tak5 sep>ate4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #dd4 ,he behav$ himself con=mable to t bless$ example4--,sprat's ,s]mons1 p4 #hj4 ,m>vell\s graceful4--,cl>5don1 ,life1 p4 #ah4 ,! ,que5 hav+ *ang$ h] m9i/ry suitable to h] wisdom4--,swift1 ,exam41 ,no4 #ba4 ,! ass]tions ( ?is au?or are easi] detect$4--,swift3 c5sur$ 9 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( 8 sect all[$ him to affirm no /rong] ?an t4--,b5tley3 ibid4 ,if "o au?or _h spok5 nobl] & l(ti] ?an an o!r4--,id41 ib4 ,x5ophon says express4--,id41 ib4 ,i c nev] ?9k s v mean ( him4--,id41 ib4 ,to conv9ce all t are ungodly among !m1 ( all _! ungodly de$s1 :i* !y h ungodly committ$4--,jude1 #ae?3 ib4 ,i ?9k x v ma/]ly writt54--,swift to ,pope1 ,let4 #gd3 ib4 ,! :ole design mu/ ref] to ! gold5 age1 :i* x lively repres5ts4--,addison1 on ,m$als3 ib4 ,agreeable to ?is1 we read ( names be+ blott$ out ( ,god's book4--,,burd]3 approv$ 9 ,web/]'s ,impr4 ,gram41 p4 #ajg2 ,frazee's1 #adj2 ,maltby's1 #ic4 ,agreeable to ! law ( nature1 *ildr5 are b\nd to support _! indig5t p>5ts4--,web/]'s ,impr4 ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ,words tak5 indep5d5t ( _! mean+ are p>s$ z n\ns ( ! neut] g5d]4--,maltby's ,gr41 #if4 ,conceit 9 weake/ bodies /ronge/ works4--,beaut4 ( ,%ak41 p4 #bcf4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,!m ,,= ,,^?4 ,?\gh he 0 n kn[n by !m lett]s1 or ! "n ,*ri/4--,wm4 ,bayly's ,works1 p4 #id4 ,9 a gig1 or "s ( !m ?+s4--,edgewor?'s ,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #ce4 ,:5 cross-exam9$ by !m lawy]s4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,z ! cu/om 9 !m cases is4--,ib41 p4 #aja4 ,if y'd h li/5$ to !m sl&]s4--,ib41 p4 #aae4 ,! old p 7 tell+ /ories ab\t !m fairies1 b to ! be/ ( my judgm5t !re's no?+ 9 x4--,ib41 p4 #ahh4 ,& is x n a pity t ! ,quak]s h no bett] au?ority to sub/antiate _! pr9ciples ?an ! te/imony ( !m old ,ph>isees8--,hibb>d's ,errors ( ! ,quak]s1 p4 #ajg4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,?is ,,& ,,t4 ,hope is z /rong an inc5tive to action1 z fe>3 ?is is ! anticipation ( good1 t ( evil4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #ace4 ,! poor want "s advantages :i* ! ri* enjoy2 b we %\ld n !re=e acc\nt ^? happy1 & ^! mis]able4--,ib4 ,ell5 & ,m>g>et fe>fully1 ,s\ght com=t 9 ea* o!r's eye2 ,!n turn$ _! gha/ly look ea* "o1 ,?is to h] sire1 t to h] son4 ,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake1 ,canto ii1 ,/anza #bi4 ,six y\?ful sons1 z _m bloom+ maids1 ,9 "o sad day beheld ! ,/ygian %ades2 ,^! by ,apollo's silv] b[ 7 sla91 ,^? ,cyn?ia's arr[s /ret*$ ^u ! pla94 --,pope1 ,il41 xxiv1 #gfj4 ,memory & =eca/ j returns engage1 ,?is po9t+ back to y\?1 t on to age4 --,see ,key4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,ei!r ,,& ,,nei!r4 ,^! make ! ?ree great subjects ( discussion among mank9d2 tru?1 duty1 & int]e/4 ,b ! argum5ts direct$ t[>ds ei!r ( !m are g5]ically di/9ct4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cah4 ,a ?\s& o!r deviations may be made1 & /ill ei!r ( !m may be correct 9 pr9ciple4 ,= ^! divisions & _! te*nical t]ms1 are all arbitr>y4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5's ,inductive ,gram41 p4 vi4 ,?us x appe>s1 t our alphabet is defici5t1 z x has b sev5 v[els to repres5t ?irte5 diff]5t s\nds2 & has no lett] to repres5t ei!r ( five simple consonant s\nds4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,!n nei!r ( ^! five v]bs c be neut]4--,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cdc4 ,& ! ass]t] is 9 nei!r ( ! f\r already m5tion$4--,ib41 p4 #cef4 ,z x is n 9 ei!r ( ^! f\r4--,ib41 p4 #cef4 ,see :e!r or n ! ^w comes )9 ! def9ition ( ei!r ( ! o!r ?ree simple cases4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,nei!r ( ! t5 0 !re4--,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,"h are t5 oranges1 take ei!r ( !m4--,ib41 p4 #ajb4 ,!re are ?ree modes1 by ei!r ( :i* recollection w g5]ally be suppli$2 incl9ation1 practice1 & association4--,ripp+ham's ,art ( ,speak+1 p4 xxix4 ,words n r$ucible to ei!r ( ! ?ree prec$+ heads4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 pp4 #cce & #cdj4 ,n[ a s5t5ce may be analyz$ 9 ref]5ce to ei!r ( ^! f\r classes4--,ib41 p4 #egg4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,:ole1 ,,less1 ,,m1 ,,& ,,mo/4 ,does n all proce$ f ! law1 :i* regulates ! :ole dep>tm5ts ( ! /ate8--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgh4 ,a mess5g] relates to ,!seus ! :ole p>ticul>s4--,kames4 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cac4 ,!re are no less ?an tw5ty dip?hongs sic--,,k? 9 ! ,engli% language4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 xii4 ,! ,r$cross ,knight runs ?r\gh ! :ole /eps ( ! ,*ri/ian life4--,spectator ,no4 #edj4 ,!re 7 n less ?an fifty or sixty p]sons pres5t4--,tea*]s' ,report4 ,great] exp]i5ce1 & m cultivat$ society1 abate ! w>m? ( imag9ation1 & *a/5 ! mann] ( expression4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aeb2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cea4 ,by :i* means k1 mu* m ?an oratory1 is become ! pr9cipal requisite4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bed4 ,no less ?an sev5 illu/ri\s cities disput$ ! "r ( hav+ giv5 bir? to ! greate/ ( poets4--,lemp4 ,dict41 n4 ,hom]4 ,temp]ance1 m ?an m$ic9es1 is ! prop] means ( cur+ _m diseases4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bbb4 ,i d n suppose1 t we ,britons want g5ius1 m ?an our neighb\rs4--,ib41 p4 #bae4 ,9 :i* he sai?1 he has f\nd no less ?an twelve untru?s4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dfj4 ,! sev]al places ( r5dezv\s 7 conc]t$1 & ! :ole op]ations fix$4--,,hume3 see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,9 ^! rigid op9ions ! :ole sect>ies concurr$4--,id41 ib4 ,out ( ^: modifications h be5 made mo/ complex modes4--,,locke3 ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,! ,*9ese v>y ea* ( _! words on no less ?an five diff]5t tones4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #eh4 ,^! p1 ?\gh !y possess m %9+ qualities1 are n s pr\d z he is1 nor s va9 z %e4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #baa4 ',tis c]ta91 we believe ourselves m1 aft] we h made a ?or\gh ,inquiry into ! ,?+4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bdd4 ,z well z ! :ole ,c\rse & ,reasons ( ! ,op]ation4--,ib4 ,^? rules & pr9ciples :i* are ( mo/ practical advantage4--,newman's ,rhet41 p4 #d4 ,& !re %all be no m curse4--,rev41 xxii1 #c4 ,& !re %all be no m dea?4--,rev41 xxi1 #d4 ,b 9 recomp5se1 we h m pleas+ pictures ( anci5t mann]s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dcf4 ,our language has suff]$ m injuri\s *anges 9 ,am]ica1 s9ce ! ,briti% army l&$ on our %ores1 ?an x _h suff]$ be=e1 9 ! p]iod ( ?ree c5turies4--,web/]'s ,essays1 ,ed4 ( #agij1 p4 #if4 ,! :ole conv5i5ces ( life are d]iv$ f mutual aid & support 9 society4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aff4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,p>ticipial ,,adjectives4 ,to su* z ?9k ! nature ( x des]v+ _! att5tion4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #hd4 ,9 all po9ts1 m des]v+ ! approbation ( _! read]s4--,keepsake1 #ahcj4 ,b to give way to *ildi% s5sations 0 unbecom+ our nature4--,lempri]e's ,dict41 n4 ,z5o4 ,! foll[+ extracts are des]v+ ! s]i\s p]usal ( all4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #ace4 ,no inquiry into wisdom1 h[ev] sup]ficial1 is undes]v+ att5tion4--,bulw]'s ,dis[n$1 ii1 #ie4 ,! op9ions ( illu/ri\s m5 are des]v+ great consid]ation4--,port]'s ,family ,j\rnal1 p4 #c4 ,& resolutely keeps its laws1 ,unc>+ consequ5ces4--,burns's ,works1 ii1 #dc4 ,?is is an item t is des]v+ m att5tion4--,goodell's ,lectures4 ,leave !n ?y joys1 unsuit+ su* an age1 ,to a fre% com]1 & resign ! /age4--,dryd54 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvi4--,,figure ,,( ,,adjectives4 ,! tall d>k m\nta9s & ! deep ton$ seas4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bgh4 ,o6 le>n f him ,to /ation quick ey$ ,prud5ce at ! helm4--,,anon43 ,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,he w5t 9 a "o horse *aise4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,x ought to be1 '9 a "o horse *aise4'--,dr4 ,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #ccd4 ,^! are m>k$ ) ! above m5tion$ lett]s4--,folk]'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,a _m head$ faction4--,w>e's ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,le/ !re %\ld be no au?ority 9 any popul> gramm> = ! p]haps heav5 inspir$ ef=t4--,f[le's ,true ,engli% ,gram41 ,"p #b;d1 p4 #be4 ,common metre /anzas consi/ ( f\r ,iambic l9es2 "o ( eight1 & ! next ( six syllables4 ,!y 7 =m]ly writt5 9 two f\rte5 syllable l9es4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,%ort metre /anzas consi/ ( f\r ,iambic l9es2 ! ?ird ( eight1 & ! re/ ( six syllables4--,ibid4 ,p>ticul> metre /anzas consi/ ( six ,iambic l9es2 ! ?ird & six? ( six syllables1 ! re/ ( eight4--,ibid4 ,hallelujah metre /anzas consi/ ( six ,iambic l9es2 ! la/ two ( eight syllables1 & ! re/ ( six4--,ibid4 ,long metre /anzas are m]ely ! union ( f\r ,iambic l9es1 ( t5 syllables ea*4--,ibid4 ,a maje/y m comm&+ ?an is to be f\nd among ! re/ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t poets4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dah4 ,y sulphur\s & ?\ght execut$ fires1 ,vaunt c\ri]s to oak cleav+ ?und]bolts1 ,s+e my :ite head6 ,& ?\1 all %ak+ ?und] ,/rike flat ! ?ick rotundity o' ! _w6--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bfd4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,pron\ns4 ,! rules = ! agreem5t ( ,pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts are f\r2 h5ce ?is *apt] ext5ds f ! t5? rule to ! ?irte5?1 inclusively4 ,! cases ( ,pron\ns are embrac$ ) ^? ( n\ns1 9 ! sev5 rules ( ! ?ird *apt]4 ,,rule ,x4--,,pron\ns4 ,a ,pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]3#cgi z1 ,?is is ! fri5d ( :om ,i spoke2 he has j arriv$4--,?is is ! book :i* ,i b\ght2 x is an excell5t "w4--,ye1 !re=e1 :o love m]cy1 tea* y\r sons to love x too4--,c[p]4 ,speak ?\1 ^: ?\ghts at humble peace rep9e1 ,%all ,wolsey's weal? ) ,wolsey's end be ?9e8--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,:5 a pron\n /&s = "s p]son or ?+ indef9ite1 or unkn[n to ! speak]1 ?is rule is n /rictly applicable2 because ! p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 are r assum$ 9 ! pron\n1 ?an regulat$ by an antec$5t3 z1 ,i d n c>e :o kn[s x4--,/eele4 ,:o t\*$ me8 ,tell me :o x 04--,we h no k h[1 or by :om1 x is inhabit$4--,,abbot3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,! neut] pron\n x may be appli$ to a "y *ild1 or to o!r creatures mascul9e or fem99e by nature1 :5 !y are n obvi\sly di/+ui%able ) reg>d to sex2 z1 ,:i* is ! real fri5d to ! *ild1 ! p]son :o gives x ! sweetmeats1 or ! p]son :o1 consid]+ only its heal?1 resi/s its importunities8--,opis4 ,he loads ! animal he is %[+ me1 ) s _m trapp+s & coll>s1 t ,i _c di/9ctly view x--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cja4 ,! night+ale s+s mo/ sweetly :5 x s+s 9 ! night4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,,exception ,,?ird4 ,! pron\n x is (t5 us$ )\t a def9ite ref]5ce to any antec$5t1 & is sometimes a m]e expletive1 & sometimes ! repres5tative ( an action express$ aft]w>ds by a v]b2 z1 ,:e!r %e grapple x ) ! pride ( philosophy4--,*alm]s4 ,seek+ to "l x ov] ,god's h]itage4--,! ,fri5d1 vii1 #bec4 ,x is n = k+s1 ,o ,lemuel1 x is n = k+s to dr9k w9e1 nor = pr9ces /rong dr9k4--,prov41 xxxi1 #d4 ,hav+ no temptation to x1 ,god _c act unju/ly )\t defil+ 8 nature4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #aa4 ,come1 & trip x z y g1 ,on ! light fanta/ic toe4--,milton4 ,,exception ,,f\r?4 ,a s+ul> antec$5t ) ! adjective _m1 sometimes admits a plural pron\n1 b nev] 9 ! same clause2 z1 ,h>d has be5 ! fate ( _m a great g5ius1 t :ile !y h conf]r$ immortality on o!rs1 !y h want$ !mselves "s fri5d to embalm _! names to po/]ity4--,welwood's ,pref4 to ,r[e's ,lucan4 ,9 ,hawick tw9kl$ _m a light1 ,beh9d him soon !y set 9 night4--,w4 ,scott4 ,,exception ,,fif?4 ,:5 a plural pron\n is put by enallag = ! s+ul>1 x does n agree ) its n\n 9 numb]1 because x /ill requires a plural v]b2 z1 ,we ,l9dley ,murray h foll[$ ^? au?ors1 :o appe> to h giv5 !m ! mo/ natural & intelligible di/ribution4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bi4 ,we %all close our rem>ks on ?is subject1 by introduc+ ! s5tim5ts ( ,dr4 ,johnson respect+ x4--,ib4 ,my "l1 y "k ,i love y--,%akspe>e4 ,,exception ,,six?4 ,! pron\n sometimes disagrees ) its antec$5t 9 "o s5se1 because x takes x 9 an o!r2 z1 ,i h p]us$ ,mr4 ,johnson's ,grammatical ,comm5t>ies1 & f9d x#chj a v labori\s1 le>n$1 & useful ,"w4--,?o4 ,knipe1 ,d4 ,d4 ,lamps is ( ! plural numb]1 because x means m ?an "o4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,man is ( ! mascul9e g5d]1 because x is ! "n ( a male4--,ib4 ,! ,utica ,s5t9el says x has n he>d :e!r ! w\nds are dang]\s4--,ev5+ ,po/4 7,bett]3 ,! editor ( ! ,utica ,s5t9el says1 he has n he>d1 c47 ,!re is little ,b5jam9 ) _! rul]4--,psalms1 lxviii1 #bg4 ,h] end :5 emulation misses1 ,%e turns to envy1 /+s1 & hisses4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #dae4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,x4 ,,obs4 #a4--,respect+ a pron\n1 ! ma9 ?+ is1 t ! read] p]ceive cle>ly = :at x /&s2 & next1 t he d n misappreh5d its relation ( case4 ,= ! sake ( complet5ess & uni=mity 9 p>s+1 x is1 ,i ?9k1 exp$i5t to apply ! =ego+ rule n only to ^? pron\ns :i* h obvi\s antec$5ts express$1 b also to su* z are n accompani$ by ! n\ns = :i* !y /&4 ,ev5 ^? :i* are put = p]sons or ?+s unkn[n or indef9ite1 may be said to agree ) :atev] is meant by !m2 t is1 ) su* n\ns z _! own prop]ties indicate4 ,= ! read] w naturally und]/& some?+ by e pron\n1 unless x be a m]e expletive1 & )\t any antec$5t4 ,= example3 ,x w\ld dep5d ^u :o ! =ty 74--,trial at ,/eub5ville1 p4 #ej4 ,"h :o is an indef9ite relative1 equival5t to :at p]sons2 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural1 mascul9e2 & is 9 ! nom9ative case aft] 71 by ,rule #f?4 ,= ! full con/ruction seems to be ?is3 ,x w\ld dep5d ^u ! p]sons :o ! =ty 74 ,s :i*1 = :i* p]son1 or :i* ?+1 7if we call x a pron\n r ?an an adjective17 may be said to h ! prop]ties ( ! n\n p]son or ?+ und]/ood2 z1 ,8 notions fitt$ ?+s s well1 ,t :i* 0 :i* he c\ld n tell4--,hudibras4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! pron\n we is us$ by ! speak] or writ] to repres5t himself & o!rs1 & is !re=e plural4 ,b x is sometimes us$1 by a sort ( fiction1 9 /ead ( ! s+ul>1 to intimate t ! speak] or writ] is n alone 9 8 op9ions2 or1 p]haps m frequ5tly1 to evade ! *>ge ( egotism2 = ?is mode/ assumption ( plurality seems mo/ common ) ^? :o h some?+ else to assume3 z1 ,& s lately z #ahji1 ,pope ,pius ,,vii1 9 excommunicat+ 8 'own de> son1' ,napoleon1 :om he cr[n$ & bless$1 says3 ',we1 unwor?y z we are1 repres5t ! ,god ( peace4'--,dr4 ,br[nlee4 ,! coat fits u z well z if we _h be5 melt$ & p\r$ into x4--,pr5tice4 ,mon>*s sometimes pref] we to ,i1 9 imm$iate connexion ) a s+ul> n\n2 z1 ,we ,alex&]1 ,autocrat ( all ! ,russias4--,we ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a1 c4--,economy ( ,human ,life1 p4 vi4 ,!y also employ ! anomal\s comp\nd ourself1 :i* is n (t5 us$ by o!r p2 z1 ,witness ourself at ,we/m9/]1 #bh day ( ,april1 9 ! t5? ye> ( our reign4 ,,*>les4 ,cs4 ,:at t\*es u ourself1 %all be la/ s]v'd4 --,%ak41 ,j4 ,c41 ,act iii1 ,sc4 #a4 ,ourself to ho>y ,ne/or w repair4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 x1 l4 #fe4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! pron\n y1 ?\gh orig9ally & prop]ly plural1 is n[ g5]ally appli$ alike to "o p]son or to m4 ,sev]al obs]vations ^u ?is fa%ionable sub/itution ( ! plural numb] = ! s+ul>1 w be f\nd 9 ! fif? & six? *apt]s ( ,etymology4 ,?is usage1 h[ev] x may seem to involve a solecism1 is e/abli%$ by t au?ority aga9/ :i* ! m]e gramm>ian has sc>cely a "r to remon/rate4 ,alex&] ,murray1 ! s*oolma/]1 obs]ves1 ,:5 language 0 pla9 & simple1 ! ,engli% always said ?\1 :5 speak+ to a s+le p]son4 ,b :5 an affect$ polit5ess1 & a fondness = cont95tal mann]s & cu/oms began to take place1 p]sons ( rank & fa%ion said y 9 /ead ( ?\4 ,! innovation ga9$ gr\nd1 & cu/om gave sanction to ! *ange1 & /amp$ x ) ! au?ority ( law4--,engli% ,gram41 ,?ird ,edition1 #agic1 p4 #ajg4 ,?is respectable gramm>ian ackn[l$g$ bo? ?\ & y to be ( ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 ?9k x necess>y or advisable to d ?is1 or to encumb] ! conjugations1 z "s h done1 by introduc+ ! latt] pron\n1 & ! correspond+ =m ( ! v]b1 z s+ul>4#cha ,x is manife/ly bett] to say1 t ! plural is us$ = ! s+ul>1 by ! figure ,enallag4 ,= if y has lit]ally become s+ul> by virtue ( ?is sub/itution1 we also is s+ul> = ! same reason1 z (t5 z x is sub/itut$ = ,i2 else ! au?ority ( innum]able au?ors1 editors1 compil]s1 & cr[n$1 heads1 is insuffici5t to make x s4 ,& aga91 if y & ! correspond+ =m ( ! v]b are lit]ally ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 7z ,wells cont5ds1 ) an array ( m ?an sixty names ( ,engli% gramm>ians to prove x17 !n1 by _! own rule ( concord1 s9ce ?\ & its v]b are /ill g5]ally reta9$ 9 ! same place by ^! gramm>ians1 a v]b t agrees ) "o ( ^! nom9atives1 mu/ also agree ) ! o!r2 s t y ha/ & ?\ h1 y see/ & ?\ see1 may be1 s f> z appe>s f _! in/ructions1 z good a concord z c be made ( ^! words6 ,,obs4 #d4--,! putt+ ( y = ?\ has introduc$ ! anomal\s comp\nd y\rself1 :i* is n[ v g5]ally us$ 9 /ead ( ?yself4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 z 9 ! less frequ5t adoption ( ourself = myself1 ,fa%ion s tramples ^u ! laws ( gramm>1 t x is sc>cely possible to frame an intelligible exception 9 h] fav\r4 ,^! pron\ns are ess5tially s+ul>1 bo? 9 =m & mean+2 & yet !y _c be us$ ) ,i or ?\1 ) me or !e1 or ) any v]b t is lit]ally s+ul>2 z1 ,i ourself am4 b1 on ! contr>y1 !y mu/ be connect$ only ) su* plural t]ms z are put = ! s+ul>2 z1 ,we ourself are k+4--,und\bt$ly y y\rself become an innovator4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cfd2 ,campbell's ,rhet41 #afg4 ,try t\*1 or sight1 or smell2 try :at y w1 ,y /rangely f9d n\ght b y\rself alone4 --,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b4 i1 l4 #afb4 ,,obs4 #e4--,su* t]ms ( address1 z y\r ,maje/y1 y\r ,highness1 y\r ,lord%ip1 y\r ,hon\r1 are sometimes foll[$ by v]bs & pron\ns ( ! second p]son plural1 sub/itut$ = ! s+ul>2 & sometimes by words lit]ally s+ul>1 & ( ! ?ird p]son1 ) no o!r figure ?an a sub/itution ( :o = :i*3 z1 ,:]e9 y\r ,lord%ip1 :o %9es ) s mu* di/9ction 9 ! noble/ assembly 9 ! _w1 peculi>ly excels--,d$ication ( ,sale's ,koran4 ,we h good cause to give y\r ,highness ! fir/ place2 :o1 by a cont9u$ s]ies ( fav\rs h oblig$ u1 n only :ile y mov$ 9 a l[] orb1 b s9ce ! ,"l ha? call$ y\r ,highness to supreme au?ority4--,massa*usetts to ,cromwell1 9 #afed4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! g5]al usage ( ! ,fr5* is l t ( ! ,engli%1 y = ?\2 b ,spani%1 ,portuguese1 or ,g]man polit5ess requires t ! ?ird p]son be sub/itut$ = ! second4 ,& :5 !y w\ld be v c\rte\s1 ! ,g]mans use also ! plural = ! s+ul>1 z !y = ?\4 ,?us !y h a f\rfold me?od ( address+ a p]son3 z1 !y1 d5ot+ ! highe/ degree ( respect2 he1 a less degree2 y1 a degree /ill less2 & ?\1 none at all1 or absolute reproa*4 ,yet1 ev5 among !m1 ! la/ is us$ z a t]m ( ende>m5t to *ildr51 & ( v5]ation to ,god6 ,?\1 9 ,engli%1 /ill reta9s its place firmly1 & )\t dispute1 9 all addresses to ! ,supreme ,be+2 b 9 respect to ! fir/ p]son1 an obs]vant cl]gyman has sugge/$ ! foll[+ dilemma3 ,"s m5 w be pa9$1 if a m9i/] says we 9 ! pulpit2 & o!rs w qu>rel ) him1 if he says ,i4--,abbott's ,"y ,*ri/ian1 p4 #bfh4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,any ext5sive p]v]sion ( ! common words ( a language f _! orig9al & prop] use1 is d\btless a matt] ( consid]able mom5t4 ,^! *anges 9 ! use ( ! pron\ns1 be+ "s ( !m evid5tly a sort ( complim5t>y fictions1 "s religi\s p h made x a matt] ( consci5ce to ab/a9 f !m1 & h publi%$ _! reasons = s do+4 ,b ! moral objections :i* may lie aga9/ su* or any o!r applications ( words1 d n come )9 ! gramm>ian's prov9ce4 ,let e "o consid] = himself ! moral be>+ ( :at he utt]s3 n =gett+ ! text1 ,b ,i say unto y1 t e idle ^w t m5 %all speak1 !y %all give acc\nt !re( 9 ! day ( judgem5t3 = by ?y words ?\ %alt be ju/ifi$1 & by ?y words ?\ %alt be condemn$4--,matt41 xii1 #cf & #cg4 ,:at scruples ?is decl>ation ought to raise1 x is n my bus9ess to def9e4 ,b if su* be ,god's law1 :at %all be ! reckon+ ( ^? :o make no consci5ce ( utt]+ cont9ually1 or :5 !y w1 n idle words only1 b expressions ! mo/ absurd1 insignificant1 false1 exagg]at$1 vulg>1 indec5t1 injuri\s1 wick$1 sophi/ical1 unpr9cipl$1 ung5tle1 & p]haps blasphem\s1 or pr(ane8 ,,obs4 #h4--,! agreem5t ( pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts1 x is necess>y to obs]ve1 is liable to be controll$ or affect$ by sev]al ( ! figures ( rhetoric4 ,a n\n us$ figuratively (t5 sugge/s two diff]5t s5ses1 ! "o lit]al1 & ! o!r tropical2 & ! agreem5t ( ! pron\n mu/ be sometimes ) ?is1 & sometimes ) t1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! trope4 ,if ! read] be unacqua9t$ ) tropes & figures1 he %\ld turn to ! explanation ( !m 9 ,"p ,f\r? ( ?is "w2 b almo/ e "o kn[s some?+ ab\t !m1 & su* z mu/ "h be nam$1 w p]haps be made suffici5tly intelligible by ! examples4 ,!re seems to be no occasion to introduce "u ?is head m ?an f\r2 namely1 p]sonification1 metaphor1 metonymy1 & synecdo*e4 ,,obs4 #i4--,:5 a pron\n repres5ts ! "n ( an inanimate object p]sonifi$1 x agrees ) its antec$5t 9 ! figurative1 & n 9 ! lit]al s5se2 z1 ,!re 7 o!rs ^: crime x 0 r to neglect ,reason ?an to disobey h]4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,p5ance dreams h] life away4--,rog]s4 ,grim ,d>kness furls 8 lead5 %r\d4--,id4 ,"h if ! pron\n 7 made neut]1 ! p]sonification w\ld be de/roy$2 z1 ,by ! progress :i* ,engl& _h already made 9 navigation & comm]ce1 x 0 n[ prep>$ = advanc+ f>!r4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cda4 ,if ! pron\n x 0 "h int5d$ to repres5t ,engl&1 ! fem99e %e w\ld h be5 mu* bett]2 &1 if su* 0 n ! au?or's mean+1 ! s5t5ce has "s worse fault ?an ! agreem5t ( a pron\n ) its n\n 9 a wrong s5se4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,:5 ! antec$5t is appli$ metaphorically1 ! pron\n usually agrees ) x 9 its lit]al1 & n 9 its figurative s5se2 z1 ,pitt 0 ! pill> :i* upheld ! /ate4--,! mon>* ( m\nta9s re>s 8 sn[y head4--,! /one :i* ! build]s reject$4--,matt41 xxi1 #db4 ,accord+ to ?is rule1 :i* w\ld be bett] ?an :om1 9 ! foll[+ text3 ,i consid]$ ! horns1 &1 behold1 !re came up among !m an o!r little horn1 be=e :om !re 7 ?ree ( ! fir/ horns pluck$ up by ! roots4--,daniel1 vii1 #h4 ,9 ,rom41 ix1 #cc1 !re is some?+ simil>3 ,behold1 ,i lay 9 ,sion a /umbl+-/one & rock ( (f5ce3 & :osoev] believe? on him %all n be a%am$4 ,"h ! /one or rock is a metaphor = ,*ri/1 & ! pron\n him may be ref]r$ to ! six? exception above2 b ! con/ruction is n agreeable1 because x is n regul>3 x w\ld be m grammatical1 to *ange on him to !reon4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! n\n wolves1 :i* lit]ally requires :i*1 & n :o1 is us$ metaphorically = selfi% prie/s2 &1 9 ! relative1 ! figurative or p]sonal s5se is all[$ to prevail3 ,wolves %all succe$ = tea*]s1 griev\s wolves1 ,:o all ! sacr$ my/]ies ( ,heav5 ,to _! own vile advantages %all turn4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 xii1 l4 #ejh4 ,?is seems to me some:at =c$ & cata*re/ical4 ,s too1 & worse1 ! foll[+2 :i* makes a /> rise & speak3 ,s spake our ,morn+ ,/> !n 9 8 rise1 ,& look+ r\nd on e side beheld ,a pa?less des]t1 dusk ) horrid %ades4 --,id41 ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 i1 l4 #bid4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,:5 ! antec$5t is put by metonymy = a n\n ( diff]5t prop]ties1 ! pron\n sometimes agrees ) x 9 ! figurative1 & sometimes 9 ! lit]al s5se2 z1 ,:5 ,israel 0 a *ild1 !n ,i lov$ him1 & call$ my son out ( ,egypt4 ,z !y call$ !m1 s !y w5t f !m3 i4 e41 ,:5 ,moses & ! prophets call$ ! ,israelites1 !y (t5 refus$ to he>3 !y sacrific$ unto ,baalim1 & burnt inc5se to grav5 images4 ,i taught ,ephraim also to g1 tak+ !m by _! arms2 b !y knew n t ,i heal$ !m4--,hosea1 xi1 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,! mixture & obscurity :i* are "h1 ought n to be imitat$4 ,! "n ( a man1 put = ! nation or tribe ( 8 desc5dants1 may h a pron\n ( ei!r numb]1 & a nation may be figuratively repres5t$ z fem99e2 b a m+l+ ( diff]5t g5d]s or numb]s ought to be avoid$3 z1 ,moab is spoil$1 & gone up out ( h] cities1 & 8 *os5 "y m5 are gone d[n to ! slaught]4--,j]emiah1 xlviii1 #ae4 ,! wolf1 :o say t f ! nightly fold1 ,fi]ce drags ! bleat+ prey1 ne'er drunk h] milk1 ,nor wore h] w>m+ fleece4--,?omson's ,seasons4 ,t ea* may fill ! circle m>k'd by ,heav51 ,:o sees ) equal eye1 z ,god ( all1 ,a h]o p]i% or a sp>r[ fall4--,pope's ,essay on ,man4 ,& heav5 behold its image 9 8 brea/4--,ib4 ,su* fate to suff]+ wor? is giv51 ,:o long ) wants & woes has /riv54--,burns4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,:5 ! antec$5t is put by synecdo*e = m or less ?an x lit]ally signifies1 ! pron\n agrees ) x 9 ! figurative1 & n 9 ! lit]al s5se2 z1 ,a dauntless s\l erect1 :o smil$ on dea?4--,?omson ,b to ! g5]\s /ill improv+ m9d1 ,t gives ! hopeless he>t to s+ = joy1 ,to him ! long review ( ord]$ life ,is inw>d rapture only to be felt4--,id4 ,seasons4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,pron\ns usually foll[ ! words :i* !y repres5t2 b ?is ord] is sometimes rev]s$3 z1 ,:om ! cap fits1 let him put x on4--,h>k6 !y :isp]2 angels say1 c4--,pope4 ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 art a ,god full ( compassion4--,old ,te/4 ,& 9 "s cases ( apposition1 ! pron\n naturally comes fir/2 z1 ,i ,t]tius--,ye lawy]s4 ,! pron\n x1 likewise1 v (t5 prec$es ! clause or phrase :i* x repres5ts2 z1 ,is x n manife/1 t ! g5]ality ( p speak & write v badly8--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afj2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #ceh4 ,?is arrangem5t is too natural to be call$ a transposition4 ,! mo/ common =m ( ! real inv]sion is t ( ! antec$5t & relative 9 poetry2 z1 ,:o /ops to plund] at ?is signal h\r1 ,! birds %all te> him1 & ! dogs dev\r4 --,,pope3 ,iliad1 xv1 #djj4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,a pron\n sometimes repres5ts a phrase or a s5t5ce2 & 9 ?is case ! pron\n is always 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> neut]3 z1 ,surely ! ,"l is 9 ?is place1 & ,i knew x n4--,g541 xxviii1 #aj4 ,yet m5 c g on to vilify or disreg>d ,*ri/ianity2 :i* is to talk & act z if !y _h a demon/ration ( its falsehood4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bfi4 ,:5 x is ask$ :]e9 p]sonal id5tity consi/s1 ! answ] %\ld be ! same z if x 7 ask$1 :]e9 consi/s similitude or equality4--,ib41 p4 #bgj4 ,also1 t ! s\l be )\t k1 x is n good4--,prov41 xix1 #b4 ,9 ?is la/ example1 ! pron\n is n really necess>y4 ,t ! s\l be )\t k1 is n good4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #add4 ,sometimes an inf9itive v]b is tak5 z an antec$5t2 z1 ,he w n be able to ?9k1 )\t :i* x is imp]t95t to read2 nor to act1 )\t :i* x is imp]t95t to ?9k4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #ajc4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,:5 a pron\n foll[s two words1 hav+ a neut] v]b betwe5 !m1 & bo? ref]r+ to ! same ?+1 x may repres5t ei!r ( !m1 b n (t5 ) ! same mean+3 z1 #a4 ,i am ! man1 :o comm&4 ,"h1 :o comm& belongs to ! subject ,i1 & ! mean+ is1 ,i :o comm&1 am ! man4 7,! latt] expression places ! relative ne>] to its antec$5t1 & is !re=e pref]able47 #b4 ,i am ! man :o comm&s4 ,"h1 :o comm&s belongs to ! pr$icate man1 & ! mean+ is1 ,i am ! comm&]4 ,aga93 ,i p]ceive ?\ art a pupil1 :o possesse/ good tal5ts4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,"h ! con/ruction corresponds n to ! p]ception1 :i* is1 ( ! pupil's tal5ts4 ,say1 !re=e1 ,i p]ceive ?\ art a pupil possess+ 7or1 :o possesses7 good tal5ts4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,aft] ! expletive x1 :i* may be employ$ to introduce a n\n or a pron\n ( any p]son1 numb]1 or g5d]1 ! above-m5tion$ di/9ction is g5]ally disreg>d$2 & ! relative is mo/ commonly made to agree ) ! latt] ^w1 especially if ?is ^w be ( ! fir/ or ! second p]son3 z1 ,x is no m ,i t d x4--,rom41 vii1 #bj4 ,= x is n ye t speak4--,matt41 x1 #bj4 ,! propriety ( ?is con/ruction is que/ionable4 ,9 ! foll[+ examples1 ! relative agrees ) ! x1 & n ) ! subsequ5t n\ns3 ,x is ! comb9$ excell5cies ( all ! d5om9ations t gives to h] h] w9n+ beauty & h] p[]ful *>ms4--,bible ,society's ,report1 #ahch1 p4 #hi4 ,x is purity & neatness ( expression :i* is *iefly to be /udi$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bga4 ,x is n ! difficulty ( ! language1 b on ! contr>y ! simplicity & facility ( x1 t occasions ?is neglect4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 vi4 ,x is a wise head & a good he>t t con/itutes a great man4--,*ild's ,in/ructor1 p4 #bb4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! pron\n x v frequ5tly ref]s to some?+ m5tion$ subsequ5tly 9 ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,x is useless to compla9 ( :at is irrem$iable4 ,?is pron\n is a necess>y expletive at ! comm5cem5t ( any s5t5ce 9 :i* ! v]b is foll[$ by a phrase or a clause :i*1 by transposition1 might be made ! subject ( ! v]b2 z1 ,x is impossible to please e "o4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram4 ,x 0 requisite t ! pap]s %\ld be s5t4--,ib4 ,! foll[+ example is c5sur$ by ! ,rev4 ,matt4 ,h>rison3 ,x is really curi\s1 ! c\rse :i* balls w sometimes take4--,ab]ne?y's ,lectures4 ,?is awkw>d expression1 says ! critic1 might h be5 avoid$ by say+1 ',! c\rse :i* balls w sometimes take is really curi\s4'--,h>rison1 on ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #adg4 ,if ! con/ruction is objectionable1 x may1 9 ?is in/ance1 be alt]$ ?us3 ,x is really curi\s1 to obs]ve ! c\rse :i* balls w sometimes take6 ,s1 x appe>s1 we may avoid a pleonasm by an addition4 ,b he f9ds a worse example3 say+1 ,aga91 9 an article f ! ',new ,mon?ly1' ,no4 #ajc1 we meet ) ! same =m ( expression1 b ) an aggravat$ aspect3--',x is incr$ible1 ! numb] ( apo!c>ies' %ops1 pres5t+ !mselves4' ,x w\ld be q z easy to say1 ',! numb] ( apo!c>ies' %ops1 pres5t+ !mselves1 is incr$ible4' --,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,?is1 too1 may take an inf9itive1 to tell1 or to behold2 = !re is no m extravagance 9 d\bt+ "o's eyes1 ?an 9 decl>+ "o's own /atem5t incr$ible4 ,b ,i am n sure t ! orig9al =m is n all[able4 ,9 ! foll[+ l9e1 we seem to h some?+ l x3 ,x curl$ n ,twe$ alone1 t breeze4--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,relative & int]rogative pron\ns are plac$ at or ne> ! beg9n+ ( _! own clauses2 & ! le>n] mu/ obs]ve t1 ?r\gh all _! cases1 !y almo/ inv>iably reta9 ?is situation 9 ! s5t5ce1 & are f\nd be=e _! v]bs ev5 :5 ! ord] ( ! con/ruction w\ld rev]se ?is arrangem5t3 z1 ,he :o pres]ves me1 to :om ,i owe my be+1 ^: ,i am1 & :om ,i s]ve1 is et]nal4--,murray1 p4 #aei4 ,he :om y seek4--,l[?4 ,! good mu/ m]it ,god's peculi> c>e2 ,b :o1 b ,god1 c tell u :o !y are8--,pope4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,a relative pron\n1 be+ ! repres5tative ( "s antec$5t ^w or phrase1 d]ives f ?is relation its p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 b n its case4 ,by tak+ an o!r relation ( case1 x helps to =m an o!r clause2 &1 by reta9+ ! ess5tial mean+ ( its antec$5t1 s]ves to connect ?is clause to t 9 :i* ! antec$5t is f\nd4 ,no relative1 !re=e1 c ev] be us$ 9 an indep5d5t simple s5t5ce1 or be made ! subject ( a subjunctive v]b1 or be put 9 apposition ) any n\n or pron\n2 b1 l o!r connectives1 ?is pron\n belongs at ! head ( a clause 9 a comp\nd s5t5ce1 & excludes conjunctions1 except :5 two su* clauses are to be jo9$ toge!r1 z 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,i %\ld be glad1 at lea/1 ( an easy companion1 :o may tell me 8 ?\ghts1 & to :om ,i may communicate m9e4--,goldsmi?'s ,essays1 p4 #aif4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,! two special rules commonly giv5 by ! gramm>ians1 = ! con/ruction ( relatives1 are n only unnecess>y1#chb b faulty4 ,i %all notice !m only to %[ my reasons = disc>d+ !m4 ,) :om !y orig9at$1 x is difficult to say4 ,paul's ,accid5ce has !m1 & if ,dean ,colet1 ! suppos$ writ]1 did n take !m f "s e>li] au?or1 !y mu/ h be5 fir/ taught by him1 ab\t ! ye> #aeaj2 & x is c]ta9 t !y h be5 copi$ into almo/ e gramm> publi%$ s9ce4 ,! fir/ "o is faulty1 because1 ,:5 !re come? no nom9ative case betwe5 ! relative & ! v]b1 ! relative %all n always be ! nom9ative case to ! v]b2 z may be se5 by ! foll[+ examples3 ,_m are ! works ( human indu/ry1 :i* to beg9 & f9i% are say is h>dly grant$ to ! same man4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,adv4 to ,dict4 ,!y aim at 8 removal2 :i* !re is reason to fe> !y w effect4--,:i* to avoid1 ,i cut !m (f4--,%ak41 ,h54 ,,iv4 ,! second rule is faulty1 because1 ,:5 !re come? a nom9ative case betwe5 ! relative & ! v]b1 ! relative %all n always be su* case z ! v]b w h aft] x2 z may be se5 by ! foll[+ examples3 ,! au?or has n advanc$ any in/ances1 :i* he does n ?9k are p]t95t4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aib4 ,:i* we h reason to ?9k 0 ! case ) ! ,greek & ,lat94--,ib41 #aab4 ,is ?is y\r son1 :o ye say 0 born bl9d8--,john1 ix1 #ai4 ,! case ( ! relative _c be accurately det]m9$ by any rules ( m]e location4 ,x may be nom9ative to a v]b af> (f1 or x may be objective ) a v]b imm$iately foll[+2 z1 ,:i* ,i d n f9d t !re ev] 04--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #ca4 ,& our *ief reason = believ+ :i* is t our ance/ors did s be=e u4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #fda4 ,bo? ^! p>ticul> rules are useless1 because ! g5]al rules = ! cases1 z giv5 9 *apt] ?ird above1 are applicable to relatives1 suffici5t to all ! purpose1 & n liable to any exceptions4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,9 syntactical p>s+1 ea* ^w1 9 g5]al1 is to be resolv$ by "s "o rule2 b ! p>s+ ( a pron\n commonly requires two2 "o = its agreem5t ) ! n\n or n\ns = :i* x /&s1 & an o!r = its case4 ,! rule ( agreem5t w be "o ( ! f\r :i* are embrac$ 9 ?is pres5t *apt]2 & ! rule = ! case w be "o ( ! sev5 :i* compose *apt] ?ird4 ,s t ! :ole syntax ( pron\ns requires ! application ( elev5 diff]5t rules1 :ile t ( n\ns or v]bs is embrac$ 9 six or sev51 & t ( any o!r "p ( spee*1 9 "o only4 ,9 respect to _! cases1 relatives & int]rogatives admit ( e con/ruction common to n\ns1 or to ! p]sonal pron\ns1 except apposition4 ,?is is prov$ by ! foll[+ examples3 #a4 ,nom9atives by ,rule #b;d3 ,i :o write2--,?\ :o write/2--,he :o writes2--,! animal :i* runs4--,dr4 ,adam4 ,he t sp>e? 8 rod1 hate? 8 son4--,solomon4 ,he :o does any ?+ :i* he kn[s is wrong1 v5tures on dang]\s gr\nd4--,:at w become ( u )\t religion8--,blair4 ,"h ,i det]m9$ to wait ! h& ( dea?2 :i*1 ,i hope1 :5 at la/ x comes1 w fall lightly ^u me4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,:at is sudd5 & unacc\ntable1 s]ves to conf\nd4--,crabb4 ,!y only are wise1 :o are wise to salvation4--,goodw94 #b4 ,nom9atives by ,rule #f?3 7i4e41 words p>s$ z nom9atives aft] ! v]bs1 ?\gh mo/ly transpos$37 ,:o art ?\8--,bible4 ,:at 7 we8--,ib4 ,d n tell !m :o ,i am4--,let him be :o he may1 he is n ! hone/ fell[ t he seem$4--,! g5]al conduct ( mank9d is nei!r :at x 0 design$1 nor :at x ought to be4 #c4 ,nom9atives absolute by ,rule #h?3 ,!re are c]ta9 b\nds to imprud5ce1 :i* be+ transgress$1 !re rema9s no place = rep5tance 9 ! natural c\rse ( ?+s4--,bp4 ,butl]4 ,:i* be+ s1 x ne$ n be any wond]1 :y ,i %\ld4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 ,pref41 p4 xiv4 ,he (f]$ an apology1 :i* n be+ admitt$1 he became submissive4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bjb4 ,?is con/ruction ( ! relative is a ,lat9ism1 & v seldom us$ by ! be/ ,engli% writ]s4 #d4 ,possessives by ,rule #d?3 ,! *ief man ( ! isl&1 ^: "n 0 ,publius4--,acts4 ,despair1 a cruel tyrant1 f ^: prisons none c escape4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,to contemplate on ,him ^: yoke is easy & ^: burd5 is light4--,/eele4 #e4 ,objectives by ,rule #e?3 ,^? :om %e p]suad$4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,! cloak t ,i left at ,troas4--,/4 ,paul4 ,by ! ?+s :i* he suff]$4--,id4 ,a man :om !re is reason to suspect4--,:at are we to d8--,burke4 ,love refuses no?+ t love s5ds4--,gurnall4 ,! fir/ ?+1 says he1 is1 to *oose "s maxim or po9t ( morality2 to inculcate :i*1 is to be ! design ( 8 "w4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dba4 ,:omsoev] y please to appo9t4--,l[?4 ,:atsov] sic--,,k? he doe?1 %all prosp]4--,bible4 ,:at we are afraid to d be=e m51 we %\ld be afraid to ?9k be=e ,god4--,sibs4 ,%all ,i hide f ,abraham t ?+ :i* ,i d8--,g541 xviii1 #cb4 ,%all ,i hide f ,abraham :at ,i am go+ to d8--,call imp]fection :at ?\ fancie/ su*4--,pope4 #f4 ,objectives by ,rule #f?3 7i4e41 pron\ns p>s$ z objectives aft] neut] v]bs1 ?\gh !y /& be=e !m37 ,he is n ! man t ,i took him to be4--,:om did y suppose me to be8--,if ! lad ev] become :at y wi% him to be4 #g4 ,objectives by ,rule #g?3 ,to :om %all we g8--,bible4 ,! laws by :i* ! _w is gov]n$1 are g5]al4--,bp4 ,butl]4 ,:om he looks ^u z 8 def5d]4--,addison4 ,t secret heav9ess ( he>t :i* un?9k+ m5 are subject to4--,id4 ,i _c b ?9k ! loss ( su* tal5ts z ! man ( :om ,i am speak+ 0 ma/] (1 a m melan*oly in/ance4--,/eele4 ,gramm> is ! solid f\ndation ^u :i* all o!r sci5ce re/s4--,bu*anan's ,eng4 ,synt41 p4 xx4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,9 famili> language1 ! relative ( ! objective case is frequ5tly und]/ood2 z1 ,! man :om ,i tru/4--,c[p]4 ,"h is ! lett] :i* ,i receiv$4 ,s 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ,?is is ! man !y hate4 ,^! are ! goods !y b\ght4 ,are ^! ! ,gods !y wor%ip8 ,is ?is ! woman y saw8--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,?is ellipsis seems all[able only 9 ! famili> /yle4 ,9 grave writ+1 or delib]ate disc\rse1 x is mu* bett] to express ?is relative4 ,! omission ( x is (t5 att5d$ ) "s obscurity2 z1 ,! next error t ,i %all m5tion 1 is a capital "o4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #aeg4 ,x is little t we "k ( ! div9e p]fections4--,sc\gal1 p4 #id4 ,! fai? :i* we give to memory1 may be ?\ght1 on a sup]ficial view1 to be resolvable into consci\sness1 z well z t :i* we give to ! imm$iate impressions ( s5se4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ec4 ,we speak t :i* we d "k1 & te/ify t :i* we h se54--,john1 iii1 #aa4 ,! omission ( a relative 9 ! nom9ative case1 is almo/ always inelegant2 z1 ,?is is ! wor/ ?+ t c\ld happ54--,!re 7 sev]al ?+s :i* br\ght x ^u me4--,pilgrim's ,progress1 p4 #afb4 ,! latt] ellipsis may occur aft] b or ?an1 & x is also sometimes all[$ 9 poetry2 z1 ,!re is ,no p]son ( reflection b :o mu/ be s5sible1 t an incid5t makes a /rong] impression on an eye-witness1 ?an :5 he>d at second h&4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #beg4 ,9 ?is 'tis ,god directs1 9 t 'tis man4--,pope1 on ,man4 ,abuse on all he lov'd1 or lov'd him1 spread4--,id41 to ,arbu?not4 ,!re's no?+ black5s l ! ink ( fools4--,id41 to ,augu/us4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,! antec$5t is sometimes suppress$1 especially 9 poetry2 z1 ,:o w1 may be a judge4--,*ur*ill4 ,h[ %all ,i curse him or !m :om ,god ha? n curs$8--,numb]s1 xxiii1 #h4 ,!re are1 inde$1 "s p]sons :o seem dispos$ to ext5d h] au?ority mu* f>!r4--,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhet41 p4 #ahg4 ,he ,:o lives to nature1 r>ely c be poor2 ,he ,:o lives to fancy1 nev] c be ri*4--,"y4 ,s]i\s %\ld be an au?or's f9al views2 ,!y ,:o write = pure amusem5t1 ne'er amuse4--,id4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,:i*1 z well z :o1 0 =m]ly appli$ to p]sons2 z1 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav54--,bible4 ,pray = !m :i* despitefully use y4--,luke1 vi1 #bh4 ,&1 z to ! =m] example "h cit$1 "s ,briti% critics1 /ill pref]r+ ! ar*aism1 h accus$ ,! ,am]icans ( poor criticism1 9 t !y h *ang$ :i* into :o1 z be+ m consonant to ! rules ( ,gramm>4 ,falsely imag9+1 t :i* & :o1 ) ! same antec$5t1 c be ( diff]5t g5d]s1 !y allege1 t1 ,! use ( ! neut] pron\n c>ri$ ) x a c]ta9 vagu5ess & sublimity1 n inappropriate 9 rem9d+ u t our wor%ip is address$ to a ,be+1 inf9ite1 & sup]ior to all di/9ctions applicable to mat]ial objects4--,m5 & ,mann]s 9 ,am]ica3 quot$ & endors$ by ! ,,rev4 ,,matt4 ,,h>rison1 9 8 treatise on ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #aia4 ,?is is all fancy2 &1 9 my op9ion1 absurd4 ,x is j l ! religi\s prejudice :i* c\ld disc]n a s+ul> propriety 9 ! d\ble sup]lative mo/ highe/4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bh4 ,b :i* may /ill be appli$ to a "y *ild1 if sex & intellig5ce be disreg>d$2 z1 ,! *ild :i* di$4 ,or ev5 to adults1 :5 !y are spok5 ( )\t reg>d to a di/9ct p]sonality or id5tity2 z1 ,:i* ( y w g8--,crabb kn[e? n :i* is :i*1 himself or 8 p>odi/4--,leigh ,hunt4 ,,obs4 #be4--;,a prop] "n tak5 m]ely z a "n1 or an appellative tak5 9 any s5se n /rictly p]sonal1 mu/ be repres5t$ by :i*1 & n by :o2 z1 ,h]od--:i* is b an o!r "n = cruelty4--,9 e prescription ( duty1 ,god propose? himself z a rew>d]2 :i* he is only to ^? t please him4--,dr4 ,j4 ,ow54 ,:i* w\ld p]haps be m prop] ?an :om1 9 ! foll[+ passage3 ,!y did n de/roy ! nations1 conc]n+ :om ! ,"l comm&$ !m4--,psalms1 cvi1 #cd4 ,dr4 ,blair has pref]r$ x 9 ! foll[+ in/ance3 ,my lion & my pill> are suffici5tly int]pret$ by ! m5tion ( ,a*illes & ! m9i/]1 :i* ,i jo9 to !m4--,lectures1 p4 #aea4 ,he meant1 ^: names ,i connect ) !irs2 & n1 t he jo9$ ! p]son ( ,a*illes to a lion1 or t ( a m9i/] to a pill>4 ,,obs4 #bf4--,:5 two or m relative clauses p]ta9 to ! same antec$5t1 if !y are connect$ by a conjunction1 ! same relative ought to be employ$ 9 ea*1 agreeably to ! doctr9e ( ! sev5? note bel[2 b if no conjunction is express$ or und]/ood betwe5 !m1 ! pron\ns ought r to be diff]5t2 z1 ,!re are _m ?+s t y c speak (1 :i* _c be se54--,r ,w4 ,gre5's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,?is di/9ction is notic$ 9 ! fif? *apt] ( ,etymology1 ,obs4 #bi?1 on ! ,classes ( ,pron\ns4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,:atev] relative be us$1 9 a s]ies ( clauses1 relat+ to ! same antec$5t1 ! same ought to be us$ 9 !m all4 ',x is rem>kable1 t ,holl&1 aga9/ :i* ! w> 0 und]tak51 & t1 9 ! v beg9n+1 0 r$uc$ to ! br9k ( de/ruction1 lo/ no?+4'--,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 #be1 p4 #aag4 ,x ought to h be51 & :i* 9 ! v beg9n+4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,l4 ,murray1 7z ,i h %[n 9 ! ,introduction1 ,*4 x1 #bb17 assumes all ?is1 )\t ref]5ces2 add+ z a salvo ! ^w g5]ally1 :i* m]ely impairs ! c]ta9ty ( ! rule3--! same relative ought g5]ally to be us$ 9 !m all4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,&1 ( :o & t1 ,cobbett says3 ,ei!r may d2 b bo? nev] ought to be relatives ( ! same antec$5t 9 ! same s5t5ce4--,gram41 #bjb4 ,! inaccuracy ( ^! rules is z great z t ( ! phraseology :i* is correct$ "u !m4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ! fir/ relative only is re/rictive1 & consequ5tly ! o!r may be diff]5t3 ,^! 7 ! (fic]s t 7 call$ ,homotimoi1 & :o signaliz$ !mselves aft]w>ds s glori\sly ^u all occasions4--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #fb4 ,see also 9 ,rev41 x1 #f?1 a simil> example )\t ! conjunction4 ,,obs4 #bg4--;,9 conv]sation1 ! possessive pron\n y\r is sometimes us$ 9 a droll way1 be+ %ort5$ into y\r 9 pronunciation1 & no?+ m be+ meant by x1 ?an might be express$ by ! article an or a3 z1 ,ri* hone/y dwells1 l y\r mis]1 sir1 9 a poor h\se2 z1 y\r pe>l 9 y\r f\l oy/]4--,%akspe>e4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,x4 ,,note #a4--;,a pron\n %\ld n be introduc$ 9 connexion ) words t belong m prop]ly to ! antec$5t1 or to an o!r pron\n2 z1 ,& !n !re is good use = ,pallas h] glass4--,bacon's ,wisdom1 p4 #bb4 ,say--= ,pallas's glass4 ,my banks !y are furni%'d ) bees1 ,^: murmur invites "o to sleep4--,%5/one1 p4 #bhd4 ,?is la/ in/ance1 h[ev]1 is only an example ( pleonasm2 :i* is all[able & frequ5t 9 animat$ disc\rse1 b inelegant 9 any o!r4 ,our gramm>ians h condemn$ x too positively4 ,x occurs sundry times 9 ! ,bible2 z1 ,"k ye t ! ,,"l he is ,god4--,psalms1 c1 #c4 ,,note ,,ii4--,a *ange ( numb] 9 ! second p]son1 or ev5 a promiscu\s use ( ye & y 9 ! same case & ! same /yle1 is inelegant1 & ought to be avoid$2 z1 ,y wept1 & ,i = !e--,h>ry1 said my "l1 don't cry2 ,i'll give y some?+ t[>ds ?y loss4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #bfg4 ,ye sons ( slo?1 y (fspr+ ( d>kness1 awake f y\r sleep4--,br[n's ,metaphors1 p4 #if4 ,our poets h v (t5 adopt$ ! =m] solecism1 to accommodate _! measure1 or to avoid ! h>%ness ( ! old v]b 9 ! second p]son s+ul>3 z1 ,?y he>t is yet blameless1 ,o fly :ile y may6--,que5's ,wake1 p4 #df4 ,oh6 ,peggy1 ,peggy1 :5 ?\ goe/ to brew1 ,consid] well :at y're ab\t to d4--,k+'s ,poems1 p4 #eid4 ,z 9 t lov'd ,a!nian b[]1 ,y le>n'd an all-comm&+ p[]1 ,?y mimic s\l1 ,o nymph ende>'d6 ,c well recall :at !n x he>d4--,coll9s1 ,ode to ,music4 ,,note ,,iii4--,! relative :o is appli$ only to p]sons1 & to animals or ?+s p]sonifi$2 & :i*1 to brute animals & inanimate ?+s spok5 ( lit]ally3 z1 ,! judge :o presid$2--,! old crab :o advis$ ! "y "o2--,! horse :i* ran away2--,! book :i* 0 giv5 me4 ,,note ,,iv4--,n\ns ( multitude1 unless !y express p]sons directly z su*1 %\ld n be repres5t$ by ! relative :o3 to say1 ,! family :om ,i visit$1 w\ld h>dly be prop]2 t w\ld "h be bett]4 ,:5 su* n\ns are /rictly ( ! neut] g5d]1 :i* may repres5t !m2 z1 ,! committees :i* 7 appo9t$4 ,b :]e ! idea ( rationality is pr$om9ant1 :o or :om seems n to be improp]2 z1 ,! conclusion ( ! ,iliad is l ! exit ( a great man out ( company :om he has ent]ta9$ magnific5tly4--,c[p]4 ,a law is only ! expression ( ! desire ( a multitude :o h p[] to puni%4--,br[n's ,philosophy ( ! ,m9d4 ,,note ,v4--,9 g5]al1 ! pron\n mu/ s agree ) its antec$5t z to pres5t ! same idea1 & nev] 9 su* a mann] z to conf\nd ! "n ) ! ?+ signifi$1 or any two ?+s ) ea* o!r4 ,examples3 ,jane is 9 ! nom9ative case1 because x leads ! s5t5ce4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,"h x repres5ts ! ^w ,jane & n ! p]son ,jane4 ,:at m>k or sign is put aft] ma/] to %[ t he is 9 ! possessive case8 ,spell x--,ib41 p4 #cb4 ,"h ! ^w ma/] is mo/ absurdly conf\nd$ ) ! man2 & t to accommodate gramm> to a *ild's compreh5sion6 ,,note ,,vi4--,! relative t may be appli$ ei!r to p]sons or to ?+s4 ,9 ! foll[+ cases1 x is m appropriate ?an :o1 :om1 or :i*2 & ought to be pref]r$1 unless x be necess>y to use a preposition be=e ! relative3--7#a47 ,aft] an adjective ( ! sup]lative degree1 :5 ! relative clause is re/rictive2#chc z1 ,he 0 ! fir/ t came4--,he 0 ! fitte/ p]son t c\ld !n be f\nd4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #dbb4 ,! ,greeks 7 ! greate/ reason]s t ev] appe>$ 9 ! _w4--,,beattie3 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abg4 7#b47 ,aft] ! adjective same1 :5 ! relative clause is re/rictive2 z1 ,he is ! same man t y saw be=e4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aja2 ,murray's1 #aef2 ,campbell's ,rhet41 #dbb4 7#c47 ,aft] ! antec$5t :o2 z1 ,:o t is a s9c]e fri5d to x1 c look ) indiff]5ce ^u attempts to %ake ! f\ndation ( ! fabric8--,wa%+ton4 7#d47 ,aft] two or m antec$5ts t dem& a relative adapt$ bo? to p]sons & to ?+s2 z1 ,he spoke l>gely ( ! m5 & ?+s t he _h se54--,:5 "s p>ticul> p]son or ?+ is spok5 (1 t ought to be m di/9ctly m>k$4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ea4 7#e47 ,aft] an unlimit$ antec$5t :i* ! relative clause is design$ to re/rict2 z1 ,?\ghts t brea!1 & words t burn4--,gray4 ,music t accords ) ! pres5t tone ( m9d1 is1 on t acc\nt1 d\bly agreeable4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #caa4 ,= ,!ocritus desc5ds sometimes into ideas t are gross & mean4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cic4 7#f47 ,aft] any antec$5t introduc$ by ! expletive x2 z1 ,x is y t suff]4--,x 0 ,i1 & n he1 t did x4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,x 0 n he#chd t !y 7 s angry )4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 ,r4 #ag4 ,x 0 n ,gavius alone t ,v]res meant to insult4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbe4 7#g47 ,&1 9 g5]al1 :]ev] ! propriety ( :o or :i* is d\btful2 z1 ,! little *ild t 0 plac$ 9 ! mid/4 ,,note ,,vii4--,:5 two or m relative clauses connect$ by a conjunction h a simil> dep5d5ce 9 respect to ! antec$5t1 ! same pron\n mu/ be employ$ 9 ea*2 z1 ,o ?\1 :o art1 & :o wa/1 & :o art to come6--,& !y %all spread !m be=e ! sun1 & ! moon1 & all ! ho/ ( heav51 :om !y h lov$1 & :om !y h s]v$1 & aft] :om !y h walk$1 & :om !y h s\ght1 & :om !y h wor%ip$4--,j]41 viii1 #b4 ,,note ,,viii4--,! relative1 & ! preposition gov]n+ x1 %\ld n be omitt$1 :5 !y are necess>y to ! s5se int5d$1 or to a prop] connexion ( ! p>ts ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,he is /ill 9 ! situation y saw him4 ,bett] ?us3 ,he is /ill 9 ! situation 9 :i* y saw him4 ,,note ,,ix4--,aft] c]ta9 n\ns1 ( "t1 place1 mann]1 or cause1 ! conjunctive adv]bs :51 :]e1 :i!r1 :5ce1 h[1 & :y1 are a sort ( special relatives2 b no su* adv]b %\ld be us$ :]e a preposition & a relative pron\n w\ld bett] express ! relation ( ! t]ms3 z1 ,a cause :]e ju/ice is s mu* conc]n$4 ,say1 ,a cause 9 :i*4 ,see ,etymology1 ,obs4 #f?1 #g?1 & #h?1 on ! ,classes ( ,adv]bs4 ,,note ,x4--,:]e a pron\n or a pronom9al adjective w n express ! mean+ cle>ly1 ! n\n mu/ be repeat$1 or ins]t$ 9 /ead ( x3 z1 ,we see ! beautiful v>iety ( col\r 9 ! ra9b[1 & are l$ to consid] ! cause ( x4 ,say1--! cause ( t v>iety2 because ! x may mean ! v>iety1 ! col\r1 or ! ra9b[4 ,,note ,,xi4--,to prev5t ambiguity or obscurity1 ! relative %\ld1 9 g5]al1 be plac$ z ne> z possible to ! antec$5t4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is !re=e faulty3 ,he is l a bea/ ( prey1 t is void ( compassion4 ,bett] ?us3 ,he t is void ( compassion1 is l a bea/ ( prey4 ,,note ,,xii4--,! pron\n :at %\ld nev] be us$ 9 /ead ( ! conjunction t2 z1 ,?9k no man s p]fect b :at he may err4 ,?is is a vulg> fault4 ,say1--b t he may err4 ,,note ,,xiii4--,a pron\n %\ld nev] be us$ to repres5t an adjective1--except ! pronom9al adjectives1 & o!rs tak5 sub/antively2 because a pron\n c nei!r express a concrete quality z su*1 nor conv]t x prop]ly into an ab/ract3 z1 ,be att5tive2 )\t :i* y w le>n no?+4 ,bett] ?us3 ,be att5tive2 = )\t att5tion y w le>n no?+4 ,,note ,,xiv4--,?\gh ! relative :i* may 9 "s in/ances /& = a phrase or a s5t5ce1 x is seldom1 if ev]1 a fit repres5tative ( an indicative ass]tion2 z1 ,! man oppos$ me1 :i* 0 anticipat$4-- ,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abg4 ,say1--b 8 opposition 0 anticipat$4 ,or3 ,! man oppos$ me1 z 0 anticipat$4 ,or3--z ,i expect$ he w\ld4 ,aga93 ,! capta9 disobeys ord]s1 :i* is puni%$4--,ib41 p4 #abh4 ,?is is an o!r factiti\s s5t5ce1 =m$ aft] ! same model1 & too errone\s = correction3 none b a conceit$ grammati/ c\ld ev] h fram$ su* a con/ruction4 ,,note ,,xv4--,! possessive pron\ns1 my1 ?y1 81 h]1 its1 c41 %\ld be ins]t$ or repeat$ z (t5 z ! s5se or con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce requires !m2 _! omission1 l t ( ! articles1 c sc>cely 9 any in/ance con/itute a prop] ellipsis3 z1 ,( ,pr9ceton & vic9ity4--,say1 ,( ,pr9ceton & its vic9ity4 ,! man & wife4--,say1 ,! man & 8 wife4 ,_m v]bs v>y bo? _! signification & con/ruction4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #agj2 ,g\ld's1 #aga4 ,say1--& _! con/ruction4 ,,note ,,xvi4--,9 ! correct+ ( any discord betwe5 ! antec$5t & its pron\n1 if ! latt] = any suffici5t reason is mo/ prop] z x /&s1 ! =m] mu/ be *ang$ to accord ) x3 z1 ,let u discuss :at relates to ea* p>ticul> 9 _! ord]3--its ord]4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,bett] ?us3 ,let u discuss :at relates to ! sev]al p>ticul>s1 9 _! ord]4 ,= ! ord] ( ?+s implies plurality4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,x4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,( ,,agreem5t ,! subject is to be jo9$ ) 8 pr$icate4--,,bp4 ,,wilk9s3 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n 8 is ( ! mascul9e g5d]1 & does n correctly repres5t its antec$5t n\n subject1 :i* is ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul>1 neut]4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 ,a pron\n mu/ agree ) its antec$5t1 or ! n\n or pron\n :i* x repres5ts1 9 p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]4 ,!re=e1 8 %\ld be its2 ?us1 ,! subject is to be jo9$ ) its pr$icate4 ,e "o mu/ judge ( _! own feel+s4--,byron's ,lett]s4 ,e "o 9 ! family %\ld "k _! duty4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,to introduce its possessor into 't way 9 :i* x %\ld g4'--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 v4 ,d n !y say1 e true believ] has ! ,_s ( ,god 9 !m8--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #chh4 ,!re is none 9 _! natural /ate righte\s1 no n "o4--,wood's ,dict4 ( ,bible1 ii1 #abi4 ,if ye 7 ( ! _w1 ! _w w\ld love 8 own4--,john1 xv1 #ai4 ,8 =m _h n yet lo/ all h] orig9al brightness4--,milton4 ,no "o w answ] z if ,i 7 _! fri5d or companion4--,/eele1 ,spect41 ,no4 #ecd4 ,b 9 l[l9ess ( m9d let ea* e/eem o!r bett] ?an !mselves4-- ,philippians1 ii1 #c4 ,& let none ( y imag9e evil 9 y\r he>ts aga9/ 8 neighb\r4--,ze*>iah1 viii1 #ag4 ,= e tree is kn[n by 8 own fruit4--,luke1 vi1 #dd4 ,b %e fell to laugh+1 l "o out ( _! "r m9d4--,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #ea4 ,n[ ^! sy/ems1 s f> f hav+ any t5d5cy to make m5 bett]1 h a manife/ t5d5cy to make him worse4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #abh4 ,& nobody else w\ld make t city _! refuge any m4--,josephus's ,life1 p4 #aeh4 ,:at is quantity1 z x respects syllables or words8 ,x is t "t :i* is occupi$ 9 pron\nc+ x4--,bradley's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,9 su* expressions ! adjective s mu* resembles an adv]b 9 its mean+1 t !y are usually p>s$ z su*4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,! tongue is l a race-horse2 :i* runs ! fa/] ! less weight x c>ries4--,,addison3 ,joh4 ,dict42 ,murray's ,key1 ,rule #h4 ,z two ?\ghtless boys 7 try+ to see :i* c\ld lift ! greate/ weight ) _! jaws1 "o ( !m _h sev]al ( 8 firm-set tee? wr5*$ f _! sockets4--,newspap]4 ,ev]ybody n[adays publi%es memoirs2 ev]ybody has recollections :i* !y ?9k wor?y ( record+4--,du*ess ,d',abrantes1 p4 #be4 ,e body trembl$ = !mselves or _! fri5ds4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aga4 ,a /e$ comes at morn+3 no rid] is !re2 ,b its bridle is r$ ) ! sign ( despair4--,campbell4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,pron\ns ,,wrong ,,or ,,ne$less4 ,*>les loves to /udy2 b ,john1 alas6 he is v idle4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,or :at man is !re ( y1 :om if 8 son ask bread1 w he give him a /one8--,matt41 vii1 #i4 ,:o1 9 /ead ( go+ ab\t do+ good1 !y are p]petually int5t ^u do+ mis*ief4-- ,tillotson4 ,:om ye deliv]$ up1 & d5i$ him 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pontius ,pilate4--,acts1 iii1 #ac4 ,:om1 :5 !y _h wa%$1 !y laid h] 9 an upp] *amb]4--,acts1 ix1 #cg4 ,!n ,manasseh knew t ! ,"l he 0 ,god4--#b ,*ron41 xxxiii1 #ac4 ,:atev] a man conceives cle>ly1 he may1 if he w be at ! tr\ble1 put x into di/9ct propositions1 & express x cle>ly to o!rs4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bic4 ,b to t po9t ( "t :i* he has *os51 ! pa9t] be+ entirely conf9$1 he _c exhibit v>i\s /ages ( ! same action4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #eb4 ,x is )\t any pro( at all :at he subjo9s4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #cja4 ,george ,fox 8 ,te/imony conc]n+ ,rob]t ,b>clay4--,ib41 i1 #aaa4 ,accord+ to ! au?or ( ! ,po/script 8 advice4--,ib41 iii1 #bfc4 ,^! ?+s seem z ugly to ! ,eye ( _! ,m$itations1 z ^? ?iopians pictur'd 9 ,nemesis h] ,pit*]4--,bacon's ,wisdom ( ! ,anci5ts1 p4 #di4 ,moreov]1 !re is always a tw(old ,condition prop\nd$ ) ,sphynx h] nigma's4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,:oev] believe? n !re91 !y %all p]i%4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #bj4 ,:51 at ,se/ius 8 entreaty1 ,i _h be5 at 8 h\se4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ei4 ,!re high on ,sipylus 8 %aggy br[1 ,%e /&s1 h] own sad monum5t ( woe4 --,pope's ,hom]1 ,b4 xxiv1 l4 #ggg4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,*ange ,,( ,,numb]4 ,s w ,i s5d ^u y fam9e1 & evil bea/s1 & !y %all b]eave !e4--,ezekiel1 v1 #ag4 ,:y d y plead s mu* = x8 :y d ye prea* x up8--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ahj4 ,s9ce ?\ ha/ decre$ t ,i %all be> man1 y\r d>l+4--,edw>d's ,fir/ ,lesson 9 ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,y h my book & ,i h ?9e2 i4e4 ?y book4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 #ahba1 p4 #bb4 ,nei!r art ?\ su* a "o z to be ignorant ( :at y are4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,return1 ?\ backslid+ ,israel1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ,i w n cause m9e ang] to fall ^u y4--,j]emiah1 iii1 #ab4 ,! ,almighty1 unwill+ to cut !e (f 9 ! fullness ( iniquity1 has s5t me to give y w>n+4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #bgh4 ,w]t ?\ born only = pleasure8 7 y nev] to d any ?+8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #fc4 ,?\ %alt be requir$ to g to ,god1 to die1 & give up y\r acc\nt4--,,b>nes',s ,,notes3 on ,luke1 xii1 #bj4 ,& can/ ?\ expect to behold ! respl5d5t glory ( ! ,creator8 w\ld n su* a sight annihilate y8--,milton4 ,if ! prophet _h comm&$ !e to d "s great ?+1 w\ld y h refus$8--,common ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 i1 #hj4 ,art ?\ a p5it5t8 ,ev9ce y\r s9c]ity by br++ =? fruits meet = rep5tance4--,*ri/ian's ,vade-,mecum1 p4 #aag4 ,i w call !e my de> son3 ,i rememb] all y\r t5d]ness4-- ,classic ,tales1 p4 #h4 ,s d ?\1 my son3 op5 y\r e>s1 & y\r eyes4--,wright's ,a!ns1 p4 #cc4 ,i promise y1 ?is 0 en\gh to disc\rage !e4--,pilgrim's ,progress1 p4 #ddf4 ,ere y rem>k an o!r's s91 ,bid ?y own consci5ce look )94--,gay4 ,p]mit t ,i %>e 9 ?y woe1 ,! privilege c y refuse8--,p]fect's ,poems1 p4 #f4 ,ah6 ,/rephon1 h[ c y despise ,h] :o )\t ?y pity dies8--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #cdj4 ,?y v]ses1 fri5d1 are ,kidd]m9/] /uff1 ,& ,i mu/ own1 y've measur'd out en\gh4--,%5/one4 ,?is day1 de> ,bee1 is ?y nativity2 ,_h ,fate a lucki] "o1 %e'd give x ye4--,swift4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,:o ,,& ,,:i*4 ,exactly l s _m puppets1 :o are mov$ by wires4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfb4 ,!y are my s]vants1 :i* ,i br\ght =? out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4--,leviticus1 xxv1 #db4 ,behold ,i & ! *ildr5 :i* ,god ha? giv5 me4--,heb41 ii1 #ac2 ,web/]'s ,bible1 & o!rs4 ,& he s5t ,eliakim :i* 0 ov] ! h\sehold1 & ,%ebna ! scribe4--#b ,k+s1 xix1 #b4 ,9 a %ort "t ! /reets 7 cle>$ ( ! corpses :o fill$ !m4--,m',ilva9e's ,l$41 p4 #daa4 ,!y are n ( ^? :i* tea* ?+s :i* !y ought n1 = fil?y lucre's sake4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dce4 ,z a lion among ! bea/s ( ! =e/1 z a "y lion among ! flocks ( %eep2 :o1 if he g ?r\gh1 bo? treade? d[n & te>e? 9 pieces4--,micah1 v1 #h4 ,frequ5t$ by e f[l :om nature has taught to dip ! w+ 9 wat]4--,rasselas1 p4 #aj4 ,he _h two sons1 "o ( :i* 0 adopt$ by ! family ( ,maximus4--,lempri]e1 w4 mytius4 ,& ! ants1 :o are collect$ by ! smell1 are burn$ by fire4--,! ,fri5d1 xii1 #di4 ,!y be+ ! ag5ts1 to :i* ?is ?+ 0 tru/$4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #aci4 ,a packhorse :o is driv5 con/antly =w>ds & backw>ds to m>ket4--,,locke3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,by in/ruct+ *ildr51 ! affection ( :i* w be increas$4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #acf4 ,he _h a comely "y woman :i* travell$ ) him4--,hut*9son's ,hi/41 i1 #bi4 ,a butt]fly1 :i* ?\ght himself an accompli%$ travell]1 happ5$ to light ^u a beehive4--,in/41 p4 #adc4 ,x is an enorm\s elephant ( /one1 :o disgorges f 8 uplift$ trunk a va/ b graceful %[]4--,z5obia1 i1 #aej4 ,he 0 met by a dolph91 :o sometimes swam be=e him1 & sometimes beh9d him4--,edw>d's ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,t ,cs>'s horse1 :o1 z fame goes1 ,_h corns ^u 8 feet & toes1 ,0 n by half s t5d]-ho(t1 ,nor trod ^u ! gr\nd s s(t4--,hudibras1 p4 #f4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,n\ns ,,( ,,multitude4 ,he in/ruct$ & f$ ! cr[ds :o surr\nd$ him4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #eb4 ,! c\rt1 :o gives curr5cy to mann]s1 ought to be exempl>y4--,ibid4 ,nor does he describe classes ( s9n]s :o d n exi/4--,anti-,slav]y ,magaz9e1 i1 #bg4 ,because ! nations among :om !y took _! rise1 7 n savage4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,among nations :o are 9 ! fir/ & rude p]iods ( society4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #fj4 ,! m>tial _s ( ^? nations1 among :om ! feudal gov]nm5t prevail$4--,ib41 p4 #cgd4 ,france :o 0 9 alliance ) ,sw$54--,smollett's ,voltaire1 vi1 #ahg4 ,t faction 9 ,engl& :o mo/ p[]fully oppos$ 8 arbitr>y pret5sions4--,mrs4 ,macaulay's ,hi/41 iii1 #ba4 ,we may say1 ! cr[d1 :o 0 go+ up ! /reet4'--,cobbett's ,gram41 #bjd4 ,su* memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion :o =m$ ?is ,lyceum1 z h subscrib$ ?is ,con/itution4--,new-,york ,lyceum4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,confusion ,,( ,,s5ses4 ,! possessor %all take a p>ticul> =m to %[ its case4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,( :i* reasons ! pr9cipal "o is1 t no ,n\n1 prop]ly s call$1 implies its own ,pres5ce4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #gf4 ,bo/on is a prop] n\n1 :i* di/+ui%es x f o!r cities4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,conjunction means union1 or jo9+ toge!r4 ,x is us$ to jo9 or unite ei!r words or s5t5ces4--,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,! ^w int]jection means ?r[n among4 ,x is int]sp]s$ among o!r words to express sudd5 or /rong emotion4--,ib41 p4 #ba4 ,9 de$1 or 9 v de$1 may bett] be writt5 sep>ately1 z !y =m]ly 74--,c>dell's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #hi4 ,alex&]1 on ! contr>y1 is a p>ticul> "n1 & is re/rict$ to di/+ui% him alone4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #be4 ,z an indication t nature itself _h *ang$ h] c\rse4--,hi/4 ( ,am]ica1 p4 #i4 ,( remov+ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & h] t]ritories ! free p ( col\r4--,j5if]4 ,s t gh may be said n to h _! prop] s\nd4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aj4 ,are we to welcome ! loa?some h>lot1 & introduce x to our *ildr58--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #afg4 ,! fir/ "q is ?is1 ',is reputable1 national1 & pres5t use1 :i*1 = brevity's sake1 ,i %all h]eaft] simply d5om9ate good use1 always uni=m 9 h] decisions8--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aga4 ,"t is always mascul9e1 on acc\nt ( its mighty efficacy4 ,virtue is fem99e f its beauty1 & its be+ ! object ( love4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cg2 ,blair's1 #abe2 ,sanborn's1 #ahi2 ,emmons's1 #ac2 ,putnam's1 #be2 ,fisk's1 #eg2 ,+]soll's1 #bf2 ,gre5leaf's1 #ba4 ,see also ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #gf4 ,:5 y speak to a p]son or ?+1 x is 9 ! second p]son4--,b>tlett's ,manual1 ,"p ii1 p4 #bg4 ,y n[ "k ! n\n1 = x means "n4--,ibid4 ,t4 ,:at d y see8 ,p4 ,a book4 ,t4 ,spell x4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5's ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,t4 ,:at d y see n[8 ,p4 ,two books4 ,t4 ,spell !m4--,ibid4 ,if ! ,unit$ ,/ates lose h] rights z a nation4--,lib]ator1 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #bd4 ,:5 a p]son or ?+ is address$ or spok5 to1 x is 9 ! second p]son4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,:5 a p]son or ?+ is spok5 (1 x is 9 ! ?ird p]son4--,ibid4 ,! ox1 t pl\ghs ! gr\nd1 has ! same plural t]m9ation also1 ox54--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,hail1 happy ,/ates6 ?9e is ! blissful seat1 ,:]e nature's gifts & art's improvem5ts meet4 ,,ev]ett3 ,columbian ,orator1 p4 #bci4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,! ,,relative ,,t4 7#a47 ,?is is ! mo/ useful art :i* m5 possess4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bge4 ,! e>lie/ acc\nts :i* hi/ory gives u conc]n+ all nations1 be> te/imony to ^! facts4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgi2 ,jamieson's1 #cjj4 ,mr4 ,addison 0 ! fir/ :o attempt$ a regul> inquiry into ! pleasures ( ta/e4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bh4 ,"o ( ! fir/ :o introduc$ x 0 ,montesquieu4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abe4 ,massillon is p]haps ! mo/ eloqu5t writ] ( s]mons :i* mod]n times h produc$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bhi4 ,! greate/ b>b] :o ev] liv$1 is our guid+ /> & prototype4--,h>t's ,fig>o1 ,no4 #f4 7#b47 ,:5 prepositions are subjo9$ to n\ns1 !y are g5]ally ! same :i* are subjo9$ to ! v]bs1 f :i* ! n\ns are d]iv$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aeg4 ,! same proportions :i* are agreeable 9 a model1 are n agreeable 9 a l>ge build+4--,kames1 ,,el ( ,crit41 ii1 #cdc4 ,! same ornam5ts1 :i* we admire 9 a private ap>tm5t1 are unseemly 9 a temple4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,! same :om ,john saw also 9 ! sun4--,milton4 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iii1 l4 #fbc4 7#c47 ,:o c ev] be easy1 :o is reproa*$ ) 8 own ill conduct8--,?omas ,kempis1 p4 #gb4 ,:o is %e :o comes clo!d 9 a robe ( gre58--,in/41 p4 #adc4 ,:o :o has ei!r s5se or civility1 does n p]ceive ! vil5ess ( pr(anity8 7#d47 ,! second p]son d5otes ! p]son or ?+ :i* is spok5 to4--,comp5dium 9 ,kirkham's ,gram4 ,! ?ird p]son d5otes ! p]son or ?+ :i* is spok5 (4--,ibid4 ,a passive v]b d5otes action receiv$ or endur$ by ! p]son or ?+ :i* is its nom9ative4--,ibid1 & ,gram41 p4 #aeg4 ,! pr9ces & /ates :o _h neglect$ or fav\r$ ! gr[? ( ?is p[]4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #bbb4 ,! nom9ative expresses ! "n ( ! p]son1 or ?+ :i* acts1 or :i* is ! subject ( disc\rse4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 7#e47 ,au?ors :o deal 9 long s5t5ces1 are v apt to be faulty4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajh4 ,writ]s :o deal 9 long s5t5ces1 are v apt to be faulty4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cac4 ,! neut] g5d] d5otes objects :i* are nei!r male nor female4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,! neut] g5d] d5otes ?+s :i* h no sex4--,kirkham's ,comp5dium4 ,n\ns :i* d5ote objects nei!r male nor female1 are ( ! neut] g5d]4--,wells's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #di4 ,objects & ideas :i* h be5 long famili>1 make too fa9t an impression to give an agreeable ex]cise to our faculties4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ej4 ,cases :i* cu/om has left dubi\s1 are c]ta9ly )9 ! gramm>ian's prov9ce4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afd4 ,sub/antives :i* end 9 ery1 signify action or habit4--,ib41 p4 #acb4 ,aft] all :i* c be done to r5d] ! def9itions & rules ( gramm> accurate1 c4--,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,possibly1 all :i* ,i h said1 is kn[n & taught4--,a4 ,b4 ,johnson's ,plan ( a ,dict41 p4 #ae4 7#f47 ,x is a /rong & manly /yle :i* %\ld *iefly be /udi$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfa4 ,x is ?is :i* *iefly makes a division appe> neat & elegant4--,ib41 p4 #cac4 ,i hope x is n ,i ) :om he is displeas$4--,murray's ,key1 ,r4 #ag4 ,:5 x is ?is alone :i* r5d]s ! s5t5ce obscure4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bdb4 ,?is sort ( full & ample ass]tion1 'x is ?is :i*1' is fit to be us$ :5 a proposition ( importance is laid d[n4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aig4 ,%e is ! p]son :om ,i und]/ood x to h be54 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aha4 ,0 x ?\1 or ! w9d1 :o %ut ! door8--,in/41 p4 #adc4 ,x 0 n ,i :o %ut x4--,ib4 7#g47 ,he is n ! p]son :o x seem$ he 04--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aha2 ,+]soll's1 p4 #adg4 ,he is really ! p]son :o he appe>$ to be4--,same4 ,%e is n n[ ! woman :om !y repres5t$ h] to h be54--,same4 ,an only *ild1 is "o :o has nei!r bro!r nor si/]2 a *ild alone1 is "o :o is left by itself--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ih2 ,jamieson's1 #ga2 ,murray's ,gram4 #cjc4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,relative ,,clauses ,,connect$4 7#a47 ,a ,sub/antive1 or ,n\n1 is ! "n ( a ?+2 ( :atev] we conceive 9 any way to subsi/1 or ( :i* we h any notion4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ad4 7#b47 ,a ,sub/antive or n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ t exi/s1 or ( :i* we h any notion4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bg2 ,alg]'s1 #ae2 ,bacon's1 #i2 ,e4 ,dean's1 #h2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #aj2 ,folk]'s1 #e2 ,haml9's1 #i2 ,+]soll's1 #ad2 ,m]*ant's1 #be2 ,pond's1 #ae2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #aj2 ,r&'s1 #i2 ,russell's1 #i2 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 #ab2 & o!rs4 7#c47 ,a sub/antive or n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+ t exi/s1 or ( :i* we c h an idea4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #f4 7#d47 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any?+ t exi/s1 or ( :i* we =m an idea4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 7#e47 ,a ,n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 object1 or ?+1 t exi/s1 or :i* we may conceive to exi/4--,d4 ,c4 ,all5's ,grammatic ,guide1 p4 #ai4 7#f47 ,! "n ( e ?+ t exi/s1 or ( :i* we c =m any notion1 is a n\n4--,fisk's ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ef4 7#g47 ,an allegory is ! repres5tation ( "s "o ?+ by an o!r t resembles x1 & :i* is made to /& = x4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cda4 7#h47 ,_h he exhibit$ su* s5t5ces z conta9$ ideas inapplicable to "y m9ds1 or :i* 7 ( a trivial or injuri\s nature4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 v4 7#i47 ,man w\ld h o!rs obey him1 ev5 8 own k9d2 b he w n obey ,god1 t is s mu* above him1 & :o made him4--,p5n's ,maxims4 7#aj47 ,b :at we may consid] "h1 & :i* few ,p]sons h tak5 ,notice (1 is1 c4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #aag4 7#aa47 ,! ,compil] has n ins]t$ su* v]bs z are irregul> only 9 famili> writ+ or disc\rse1 & :i* are improp]ly t]m9at$ by t1 in/ead ( ed4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajg2 ,fisk's1 #ha2 ,h>t's1 #fh2 ,+]soll's1 #ajd2 ,m]*ant's1 #fc4 7#ab47 ,! rema9+ p>ts ( spee*1 :i* are call$ ! indecl9able p>ts1 or t admit ( no v>iations1 w n deta9 u long4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hd4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,! ,,relative ,,& ,,preposition4 ,9 ! temp] ( m9d he 0 !n4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #ed4 ,to br+ !m into ! condition ,i am at pres5t4--,spect41 ,no4 #ebj4 ,9 ! po/ure ,i lay4--,swift's ,gulliv]4 ,9 ! s5se x is sometimes tak54--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ebg4 ,tools & ut5sils are said to be "r1 :5 !y s]ve = ! uses !y 7 made4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ii4 ,if1 9 ! extreme dang] ,i n[ am1 ,i d n imitate ! behavi\r ( ^?1 c4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aic4 ,news 0 br\ght1 t ,d>ius 0 b tw5ty miles f ! place !y !n 74--,ib41 ii1 #aac4 ,alex&]1 ^u he>+ ?is news1 cont9u$ f\r days 9 ! place he !n 04--,ib41 ii1 #aac4 ,to read1 9 ! be/ mann] x is n[ taught4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdf4 ,x may be exp$i5t to give a few directions z to ! mann] x %\ld be /udi$4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,p>ticiples are words d]iv$ f v]bs1 & convey an idea ( ! act+ ( an ag5t1 or ! suff]+ ( an object1 ) ! "t x happ5s4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,_h ,i b s]v'd my ,god ) half ! zeal ,i s]v'd my k+1 he w\ld n 9 m9e age ,h left me nak$ to m9e enemies4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #agc4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,adv]bs ,,= ,,relatives4 ,9 compositions :]e pronunciation has no place4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aja4 ,!y fram$ a prote/ation1 :]e !y repeat$ _! claims4--,hume's ,hi/4 ,:i* h ref]5ce to ,sub/ances1 :]e ,sex nev] _h exi/5ce4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #dc4 ,:i* d5ote sub/ances :]e sex nev] _h exi/5ce4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,fisk's1 #eg4 ,!re is no rule giv5 h[ tru? may be f\nd out4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #afj4 ,! nature ( ! objects :5ce !y are tak54--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afe4 ,t d>kness ( "*1 :]e we c see no he>t4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bcf4 ,! /ates :]e !y negotiat$4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #aei4 ,till ! motives :5ce m5 act be kn[n4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #bfb4 ,he assigns ! pr9ciples :5ce _! p[] ( pleas+ fl[s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ai4 ,b ,i w5t on1 & s f9i%$ ?is ,hi/ory 9 t =m z x n[ appe>s4--,sewel's ,preface1 p4 v4 ,by prepositions we express ! cause :y1 ! in/rum5t by :i*1 :]e)1 or ! mann] h[ a ?+ is done4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abh2 ,john ,burn's1 #aba4 ,!y are n su* 9 ! language :5ce !y are d]iv$4--,t[n's ,analysis1 p4 #ac4 ,i f9d x v h>d to p]suade sev]al1 t _! passions are affect$ by words f :5ce !y h no ideas4--,burke1 on ! ,sublime1 p4 #ie4 ,! kn[n end1 !n1 :y we are plac$ 9 a /ate ( s mu* affliction1 haz>d1 & difficulty1 is our improvem5t 9 virtue & piety4--,butl]'s ,anal41 p4 #aji4 ,yet su* 8 acts1 z ,greeks unborn %all tell1 ,& curse ! battle :]e _! fa!rs fell4 --,pope1 ,il41 ,b4 x1 ,i4 #fa4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,repeat ,,! ,,n\n4 ,y\? may be ?\ghtful1 b x is n v common4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #he4 ,a prop] "n is t giv5 to "o p]son or ?+4--,b>tlett's ,s*ool ,manual1 ii1 #bg4 ,a common "n is t giv5 to _m ?+s ( ! same sort4--,ibid4 ,?is rule is (t5 violat$2 "s in/ances ( :i* are annex$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adi2 ,+]soll's1 #bcg4 ,?is is altoge!r c>eless writ+4 ,x r5d]s /yle (t5 obscure1 always emb>rass$ & inelegant4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajf4 ,e inv]sion :i* is n gov]n$ by ?is rule1 w be disreli%$ by e "o ( ta/e4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #fb4 ,a prop] diph?ong is t 9 :i* bo? ! v[els are s\nd$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #i2 ,alg]'s1 #aa2 ,bacon's1 #h2 ,m]*ant's1 #i2 ,hiley's1 #c2 & o!rs4 ,an improp] ,diph?ong is "o 9 :i* only "o ( ! two ,v[els is s\nd$4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & 8 desc5dants1 are call$ ,hebrews4--,wood's ,dict4 ,e ^w 9 our language1 ( m ?an "o syllable1 has "o ( !m di/+ui%$ f ! re/ 9 ?is mann]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bcf4 ,two consonants prop] to beg9 a ^w mu/ n be sep>at$2 z1 fa-ble1 /i-fle4 ,b :5 !y come betwe5 two v[els1 & are su* z _c beg9 a ^w1 !y mu/ be divid$2 z1 ut-mo/1 un-d]4--,ib41 p4 #bb4 ,%all ! intellect alone feel no pleasures 9 its en]gy1 :5 we all[ !m to ! grosse/ en]gies ( appetite & s5se8--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bih2 ,murray's ,gram41 #bhi4 ,no man ha? a prop5sity to vice z su*3 on ! contr>y1 a wick$ de$ disgu/s him1 & makes him abhor ! au?or4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ff4 ,! same t belong to n\ns1 belong also to pron\ns4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,:at is ,language8 ,x is ! means ( communicat+ ?\ghts f "o to ano!r4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,a simple ^w is t :i* is n made up ( m ?an "o4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #d2 ,g\ld's1 p4 #d4 ,a comp\nd ^w is t :i* is made up ( two or m words4--,ib4 ,:5 a conjunction is to be suppli$1 x is call$ ,asyndeton4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bce4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,place ,,( ,,! ,,relative4 ,x gives a mean+ to words1 :i* !y w\ld n h4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdd4 ,!re are _m words 9 ! ,engli% language1 t are sometimes us$ z adjectives1 & sometimes z adv]bs4--,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,:i* d n m effectually %[ ! v>i$ int5tions ( ! m9d1 ?an ! auxili>ies d :i* are us$ to =m ! pot5tial mood4--,ib41 p4 #fg4 ,^! acc5ts make diff]5t impressions on ! m9d1 :i* w be ! subject ( a foll[+ speculation4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ajh4 ,& o!rs v mu* diff]$ f ! writ]'s words1 to :om !y 7 ascrib$4--,pref4 to ,lily's ,gram41 p4 xii4 ,:]e !re is no?+ 9 ! s5se :i* requires ! la/ s\nd to be elevat$1 an easy fall w be prop]4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bej2 ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 #afg4 ,!re is an ellipsis ( ! v]b 9 ! la/ clause1 :i*1 :5 y supply1 y f9d x necess>y to use ! adv]b n4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #agf2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cfh4 ,/udy is s+ul> numb]1 because its nom9ative ,i is1 ) :i* x agrees4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,john is ! p]son1 or1 ?\ art :o is 9 error4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,= he ha? made him to be s9 = u1 :o knew no s94--#b ,cor41 v1 #ba4 ,take t ( me1 my fri5d1 :o h ! p[] ,to seal ! accus]'s lips4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #bfh4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,:at ,,= ,,t4 ,i _h no idea b :at ! /ory 0 true4--,br[ns ,in/41 p4 #add4 ,! po/-boy is n s we>y b :at he c :i/le4--,ib4 ,he _h no intimation b :at ! m5 7 hone/4--,ib4 ,nei!r ,lady ,hav]%am nor ,miss ,mildmay w ev] believe1 b :at ,i h be5 entirely to blame4--,see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,i am n satisfi$1 b :at ! integrity ( our fri5ds is m ess5tial to our welf>e ?an _! k ( ! _w4--,ibid4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no?+ 9 poetry1 s ent]ta9+ or descriptive1 b :at a didactic writ] ( g5ius may be all[$ to introduce 9 "s "p ( 8 "w4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dja4 ,brasidas1 be+ bit by a m\se he _h cat*$1 let x slip out ( 8 f+]s3 ',no creature1 7says he17 is s contemptible b :at may provide = its own safety1 if x h c\rage4'--,,plut>*3 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ha4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,adjectives ,,= ,,antec$5ts4 ,9 n>ration1 ,hom] is1 at all times1 rem>kably concise1 :i* r5d]s him lively & agreeable4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dce4 ,x is usual to talk ( a n]v\s1 a feeble1 or a spirit$ /yle2 :i* are pla9ly ! *>act]s ( a writ]'s mann] ( ?9k+4--,ib41 p4 #ib4 ,x is too viol5t an alt]ation1 if any alt]ation 7 necess>y1 :i* none is4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #acd4 ,"s m5 are too ignorant to be humble1 )\t :i*1 !re c be no docility4--,b]kley's ,alciphron1 p4 #che4 ,judas decl>$ him innoc5t2 :i* he c\ld n be1 _h he 9 any respect deceiv$ ! disciples4--,porteus4 ,!y suppos$ him to be innoc5t1 :i* he c]ta9ly 0 n4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ej2 ,emmons's1 #be4 ,!y acc\nt$ him hone/1 :i* he c]ta9ly 0 n4--,fet*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,be accurate 9 all y say or d2 = x is important 9 all ! conc]ns ( life4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ade4 ,e law supposes ! transgressor to be wick$2 :i* inde$ he is1 if ! law is j4--,ib4 ,to be pure 9 he>t1 pi\s1 & b5evol5t1 :i* all may be1 con/itutes human happ9ess4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bcb4 ,to be dext]\s 9 dang]1 is a virtue2 b to c\rt dang] to %[ x1 is weakness4--,p5n's ,maxims4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,s5t5ces ,,= ,,antec$5ts4 ,?is seems n s all[able 9 prose2 :i* ! foll[+ errone\s examples w demon/rate4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,! acc5t is laid ^u ! la/ syllable ( a ^w2 :i* is fav\rable to ! melody4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #hf4 ,e l9e consi/s ( t5 syllables1 five %ort & five long2 f :i* !re are b two exceptions1 bo? ( !m r>e4--,ib41 ii1 #hi4 ,! soldi]s refus$ ob$i5ce1 :i* has be5 expla9$4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abh4 ,cs> ov]came ,pompey1 :i* 0 lam5t$4--,ib4 ,! cr[d hail$ ,william1 :i* 0 expect$4--,ib4 ,! tribunes resi/$ ,scipio1 :i* 0 anticipat$4--,ib4 ,! c5sors reprov$ vice1 :i* 0 admir$4--,ib4 ,! g5]als neglect$ discipl9e1 :i* has be5 prov$4--,ib4 ,!re w\ld be two nom9atives to ! v]b 01 :i* is improp]4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bje2 ,g\ld's1 #bjb4 ,8 fri5d bore ! abuse v pati5tly2 :i* s]v$ to increase 8 rud5ess3 x produc$1 at l5g?1 contempt & insol5ce4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ej2 ,emmons's1 #be4 ,almo/ all comp\nd$ s5t5ces1 are m or less elliptical2 "s examples ( :i* may be se5 "u ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bag2 ,guy's1 #ij2 ,r ,g4 ,smi?'s1 #ahj2 ,+]soll's1 #aec2 ,fisk's1 #add2 ,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's1 #acg2 ,weld's1 #aij1 ,weld's ,imp4 ,ed41 #bad4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,repeat ,,! ,,pron\n4 ,9 ?+s ( ,nature's workman%ip1 :e!r we reg>d _! int]nal or ext]nal /ructure1 beauty & design are equally conspicu\s4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bfi4 ,x puzzles ! read]1 by mak+ him d\bt :e!r ! ^w ought to be tak5 9 its prop] or figurative s5se4--,ib41 ii1 #bca4 ,nei!r my obligations to ! muses1 nor expectations f !m1 are s great4--,c[ley's ,preface4 ,! ,fif? ,annual ,report ( ! ,anti-,slav]y ,society ( ,f]risburgh & vic9ity4--,lib]ator1 ix1 #fi4 ,mean+ ta/e 9 its figurative z well z prop] s5se4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cfj4 ,e measure 9 :i* ei!r y\r p]sonal or political "* is conc]n$4--,junius1 ,let4 ix4 ,a jeal\s1 righte\s ,god has (t5 puni%$ su* 9 !mselves or (fspr+4--,extracts1 p4 #agi4 ,h5ce _! civil & religi\s hi/ory are insep>able4--,milman's ,jews1 i1 #g4 ,esau ?us c>elessly ?rew away bo? 8 civil & religi\s inh]itance4--,ib41 i1 #bd4 ,?is intellig5ce excit$ n only our hopes1 b fe>s likewise4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,9 :at mann] our defect ( pr9ciple & rul+ mann]s h complet$ ! ru9 ( ! national _s ( union4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 i1 #gg4 ,consid]+ h] desc5t1 h] connexion1 & pres5t int]c\rse4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #he4 ,8 own & wife's w>drobe are pack$ up 9 a firk94--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p i1 p4 #gc4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvi4--,,*ange ,,! ,,antec$5t4 ,! s\nd ( e & o long1 9 _! due degrees1 w be pres]v$1 & cle>ly di/+ui%$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdb4 ,if any p]son %\ld be incl9$ to ?9k1 c41 ! au?or takes ! lib]ty to sugge/ to !m1 c4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 iv4 ,& he walk$ 9 all ! ways ( ,asa 8 fa!r2 he turn$ n aside f x4--#a ,k+s1 xxii1 #dc4 ,if ye f y\r he>ts =give n e "o 8 bro!r _! trespasses4--,matt41 xviii1 #ce4 ,nobody ev] fanci$ !y 7 slight$ by him1 or _h ! c\rage to ?9k !mselves 8 bett]s4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #h4 ,& ,rebekah took goodly raim5t ( h] elde/ son ,esau1 :i* 7 ) h] 9 ! h\se1 & put !m ^u ,jacob h] y\ng] son4--,g541 xxvii1 #ae4 ,:]e all ! att5tion ( man is giv5 to _! own indulg5ce4-- ,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #aha4 ,! idea ( a fa!r is a notion sup]9duc$ to ! sub/ance1 or man--let man be :at x w4--,locke's ,essay1 i1 #bai4 ,leav+ e "o to d z !y li/4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dfj4 ,ea* body p]=m$ 8 "p h&somely4--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,?is block ( m>ble re/s on two lay]s ( /one1 b\nd toge!r ) lead1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has n prev5t$ ! ,arabs f =c+ out sev]al ( !m4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p i1 p4 #gb4 ,love gives to e p[] a d\ble p[]1 ,above _! functions & _! (fices4--,%akspe>e4 ,,rule ,,xi4--,,pron\ns4 ,:5 ! antec$5t is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! ,pron\n mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]3 z1 ,! c\ncil 7 divid$ 9 _! s5tim5ts4--,! ,*ri/ian _w are beg9n+ to awake out ( _! slumb]4--,c4 ,simeon4 ,:atev] ,adam's po/]ity lo/ ?r\gh him1 t & m !y ga9 9 ,*ri/4--,j4 ,phipps4 ,to ?is1 "o pa?way g5tly-w9d+ leads1 ,:]e m>* a tra9 ) baskets on _! heads4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 xviii1 l4 #feg4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xi4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! collective n\n1 or n\n ( multitude1 be+ a "n t signifies _m1 may 9 g5]al be tak5 9 ei!r ( two ways1 accord+ to ! int5tion ( ! us]3 t is1 ei!r ) ref]5ce to ! aggregate z "o ?+1 9 :i* s5se x w accord ) ! neut] pron\n x or :i*2 or ) ref]5ce to ! individuals1 s z to accord ) a plural pron\n !y1 _!1 !m1 or :o1 mascul9e1 or fem99e1 z ! individuals ( ! assemblage may happ5 to be4 ,! n\n itself1 be+ lit]ally s+ul> bo? 9 =m & 9 fact1 has n unfrequ5tly "s article or adjective be=e x t implies unity2 s t ! int]pretation ( x 9 a plural s5se by ! pron\n or v]b1 0 p]haps n improp]ly reg>d$ by ! old gramm>ians z an example ( ! figure syllepsis34z1 ,lib]ty %\ld rea* e individual ( a p1 z !y all %>e "o common nature4--,spectator1 ,no4 #bhg4 ,?us urg'd ! *ief2 a g5]\s troop appe>s1 ,:o spread _! buckl]s & advance _! spe>s4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 xi1 l4 #gbj4 ,,obs4 #b4--,_m ( our gramm>ians say1 ,:5 a n\n ( multitude is prec$$ by a def9itive ^w1 :i* cle>ly limits ! s5se to an aggregate ) an idea ( unity1 x requires a v]b & pron\n to agree ) x 9 ! s+ul> numb]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aec2 ,+]soll's1 #bdi2 ,fisk's1 #abb2 ,f[l]'s1 #ebh4 ,b ?is pr9ciple1 ,i appreh5d1 _c be su/a9$ by an appeal to g5]al usage4 ,! in/ances 9 practice are n few1 9 :i* bo? ^! s5ses are cle>ly indicat$ ) reg>d to ! same n\n2 z1 ,ea* ,h\se %all keep a j\rnal ( its proce$+s1 & f "t to "t publi% ! same1 except+ su* p>ts z may 9 _! judgem5t require secrecy4--,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,art4 i1 ,sec4 #e4 ,i mean t "p ( mank9d :o are kn[n by ! "n ( wom5's m51 or beaux4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #ecf4 ,a set ( m5 :o are common en\gh 9 ! _w4--,ibid4 ,x is va9 = a p to expect to be free1 unless !y are fir/ will+ to be virtu\s4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cig4 ,= ?is p's he>t is wax$ gross1 & _! e>s are dull ( he>+1 & _! eyes !y h clos$4--,matt41 xiii1 #ae4 ,?is enemy _h n[ enl>g$ _! conf$]acy1 & made !mselves m =midable ?an be=e4--,life ( ,anton9us1 p4 #fb4 ,?us f ! t5ts ! f]v5t legion sw>ms2 ,s l\d _! clam\r1 & s ke5 _! arms4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 xvi1 l4 #cbj4 ,,obs4 #c4--,mo/ collective n\ns ( ! neut] g5d]1 may take ! regul> plural =m1 & be repres5t$ by a pron\n 9 ! ?ird p]son1 plural1 neut]2 z1 ,! nations w en=ce _! laws4 ,?is con/ruction comes "u ,rule #aj?1 z does also ! s+ul>1 ,! nations w en=ce its laws2 =1 9 ei!r case1 ! agreem5t is entirely lit]al4 ,half ( ,murray's ,rule #d? is !re=e ne$less4 ,to ,rule #aa? above1 !re are prop]ly no exceptions2 because ! numb] ( ! pron\n is itself ! index to ! s5se 9 :i* ! antec$5t is !re9 tak54 ,x does n foll[1 h[ev]1 b t !re may be violations ( ! rule1 or ( ! notes "u x1 by ! adoption ( "o numb] :5 ! o!r w\ld be m correct1 or 9 bett] ta/e4 ,a collection ( ?+s inanimate1 z a fleet1 a heap1 a r[1 a ti]1 a bundle1 is seldom1 if ev]1 tak5 di/ributively1 ) a plural pron\n4 ,= a fur!r elucidation ( ! con/ruction ( collective n\ns1 see ,rule #ae?1 & ! obs]vations "u x4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xi4 ,,note ,i4--,a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( unity1 requires a pron\n 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul>1 neut]2 z1 ,:5 a legislative body makes laws1 x acts = itself only2 b :5 x makes grants or contracts1 x acts z a p>ty4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #dj4 ,a civiliz$ p has no "r to violate its solemn obligations1 because ! o!r p>ty is unciviliz$4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cad4 ,,note ,,ii4--,:5 a collective n\n is foll[$ by two or m words :i* mu/ ea* 9 "s s5se agree ) x1 uni=mity ( numb] is commonly pref]able to div]sity1 & especially to su* a mixture z puts ! s+ul> bo? be=e & aft] ! plural2 z1 ,t +5i\s nation :o h done s mu* hon\r to mod]n lit]ature1 possesses1 9 an em95t degree1 ! tal5t ( n>ration4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cfd4 ,bett]3 :i* has done4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,plurality4 ,! jury w be conf9$ till x agrees on a v]dict4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ade4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n x is ( ! s+ul> numb]1 & does n correctly repres5t its antec$5t jury1 :i* is a collective n\n convey+ r ! idea ( plurality4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aa?1 ,:5 ! antec$5t is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! pron\n mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]4 ,!re=e1 x %\ld be !y2 ?us1 ,! jury w be conf9$ till !y agree on a v]dict4 ,& mank9d direct$ its fir/ c>es t[>ds ! ne$ful4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #aad4 ,x is difficult to deceive a free p respect+ its true int]e/4--,life ( ,*>les ,,xii1 p4 #fg4 ,all ! virtues ( mank9d are to be c\nt$ ^u a few f+]s1 b 8 follies & vices are innum]able4--,swift4 ,e sect sai?1 ',give me lib]ty3' b give x him1 & to 8 p[]1 he w n yield x to any body else4--,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,behold1 ! p %all rise up z a great lion1 & lift up himself z a "y lion4--,numb]s1 xxiii1 #bd4 ,= all fle% _h corrupt$ 8 way ^u ! e>?4--,g541 vi1 #ab4 ,!re happ5$ to ! army a v /range accid5t1 :i* put x 9 great con/]nation4--,goldsmi?4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,unity4 ,! meet+ w5t on 9 _! bus9ess z a unit$ body4--,fo/]'s ,report1 i1 #fi4 ,e religi\s association has an und\bt$ "r to adopt a cre$ = !mselves4--,g\ld's ,advocate1 iii1 #dje4 ,x w\ld !re=e be extremely difficult to raise an insurrection 9 t ,/ate aga9/ _! own gov]nm5t4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ajd4 ,! mode 9 :i* a ,lyceum c apply !mselves 9 effect+ a re=m 9 common s*ools4--,new ,york ,lyceum4 ,ha? a nation *ang$ _! gods1 :i* are yet no gods8--,j]emiah1 ii1 #aa4 ,9 ! holy scriptures ea* ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel is (t5 call$ by ! "n ( ! patri>*1 f :om !y desc5d$4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 ii1 #cca4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,uni=mity ,,( ,,numb]4 ,a nation1 by ! rep>ation ( _! own wrongs1 a*ieves a triumph m glori\s ?an any field ( blood c ev] give4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams4 ,! ,engli% nation1 f :i* we desc5d$1 h be5 ga9+ _! lib]ties in* by in*4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #de4 ,if a ,ye>ly ,meet+ %\ld und]take to alt] its fundam5tal doctr9es1 is !re any p[] 9 ! society to prev5t _! do+ s8--,fo/]'s ,report1 i1 #if4 ,!re is a g5]ation t curse? _! fa!r1 & do? n bless _! "m4--,prov]bs1 xxx1 #aa4 ,!re is a g5]ation t are pure 9 _! own eyes1 & yet is n wa%$ f _! fil?9ess4--,ib41 xxx1 #ab4 ,he ha? n beheld iniquity 9 ,jacob1 nei!r ha? he se5 p]v]s5ess 9 ,israel3 ! ,"l 8 ,god is ) him1 & ! %\t ( a k+ is among !m4--,numb41 xxiii1 #ba4 ,my p ha? =gott5 me1 !y h burnt inc5se to vanity4--,j]41 xviii1 #ae4 ,:5 a qu>t]ly meet+ ha? come to a judgm5t respect+ any diff]5ce1 relative to any mon?ly meet+ belong+ to !m1 c4--,extracts1 p4 #aie2 ,n4 ,e4 ,discip41 p4 #aah4 ,! numb] ( su* compositions is e day increas+1 & appe> to be limit$ only by ! pleasure or conv5i5cy ( ! writ]4--,boo?'s ,introd4 to ,dict41 p4 #cg4 ,! *ur* ( ,*ri/ ha? ! same p[] n[ z ev]1 & are l$ by ! same ,_s into ! same practices4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dgg4 ,! army1 :om ! *ief _h ?us ab&on$1 pursu$ mean:ile _! mis]able m>*4--,lockh>t's ,napoleon1 ii1 #afe4 ,,rule ,,xii4--,,pron\ns4 ,:5 a ,pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !m jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r3 z1 ,m9os & ,?ales sung to ! lyre ! laws :i* !y compos$4--,,/rabo3 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgi4 ,saul & ,jona?an 7 lovely & pleasant 9 _! lives1 & 9 _! dea? !y 7 n divid$4--#b ,sam41 i1 #bc4 ,rhesus & ,rhodius !n unite _! rills1 ,c>esus ro>+ d[n ! /ony hills4--,pope1 ,il41 ,b4 xii1 l4 #ag4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,:5 two or m antec$5ts connect$ by & s]ve m]ely to describe "o p]son or ?+1 !y are ei!r 9 apposition or equival5t to "o "n1 & d n require a plural pron\n2 z1 ,?is great philosoph] & /atesman cont9u$ 9 public life till 8 eighty-second ye>4--,! same ,_s1 light1 & life1 :i* enlight5e?1 also sanctifie?1 & !re is n an o!r4--,p5+ton4 ,my ,con/antius & ,philetus confesse? me two ye>s old] :5 ,i writ x4--,c[ley's ,preface4 ,rememb] ^!1 ,o ,jacob & ,israel6 = ?\ art my s]vant4--,isaiah1 xliv1 #ba4 ,9 t /r5g? & cog5cy :i* r5d]s eloqu5ce p[]ful4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #beb4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,:5 two antec$5ts connect$ by & are emphatically di/+ui%$1 !y belong to diff]5t propositions1 &1 if s+ul>1 d n require a plural pron\n2 z1 ,! butl]1 & n ! bak]1 0 re/or$ to 8 (fice4--,! good man1 & ! s9n] too1 %all h 8 rew>d4--,tru?1 & tru? only1 is wor? seek+ = its own sake4--,x is ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is us$1 & n ! lett]s ( :i* x is compos$1 t det]m9es :at is ! "p ( spee* to :i* x belongs4--,cobbett's ,gram41 #acj4 ,,exception ,,?ird4 ,:5 two or m antec$5ts connect$ by & are prec$$ by ! adjective ea*1 e1 or no1 !y are tak5 sep>ately1 & d n require a plural pron\n2 z1 ,e plant & e tree produces o!rs aft] its own k9d4--,x is ! cause ( e reproa* & di/ress :i* has att5d$ y\r gov]nm5t4--,junius1 ,let4 xxxv4 ,b if ! latt] be a collective n\n1 ! pron\n may be plural2 z1 ,ea* m9i/] & ea* *ur* act accord+ to _! own impressions4--,dr4 ,m',c>tee4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xii4 ,,obs4 #a4--,:5 ! antec$5ts are ( diff]5t p]sons1 ! fir/ p]son is pref]r$ to ! second1 & ! second to ! ?ird2 z1 ,john1 & ?\1 & ,i1 are atta*$ to our c\ntry4--,john & ?\ are atta*$ to y\r c\ntry4--,! ,"l op5 "s light1 & %[ bo? y & me our inh]itance6--,baxt]4 ,?\ & ?y sons ) !e %all be> ! iniquity ( y\r prie/hood4--,numb]s1 xviii1 #a4 ,= all are fri5ds 9 heav52 all fai?ful fri5ds2 ,& _m fri5d%ips 9 ! days ( ,"t ,begun1 are la/+ "h1 & gr[+ /ill3 ,s gr[s ours ev]more1 bo? !irs & m9e4 --,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b4 v1 l4 #cce4 ,,obs #b4--,! g5d] ( pron\ns1 except 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 is di/+ui%$ only by _! antec$5ts4 ,9 express+ t ( a pron\n :i* has antec$5ts ( diff]5t g5d]s1 ! mascul9e %\ld be pref]r$ to ! fem99e1 & ! fem99e to ! neut]4 ,! p>s] ( ,engli% %\ld rememb]1 t ?is is a pr9ciple ( ,g5]al ,gramm>4 ,,obs #c4--,:5 two words are tak5 sep>ately z nom9atives1 !y ought n to be unit$ 9 ! same s5t5ce z antec$5ts4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 !re=e1 !m %\ld be x3 ,! fir/ has a l5is1 & ! o!r an asp] ov] !m4--,pr9t]'s ,gram41 p4 #bdf4 ,bett] ?us3 ,! fir/ has a l5is ov] x1 & ! o!r an asp]4 ,,obs4 #d4--,n\ns t /& z nom9atives or antec$5ts1 are sometimes tak5 conjo9tly :5 !re is no conjunction express$2 z1 ,! hi/orian1 ! orator1 ! philosoph]1 address !mselves prim>ily to ! und]/&+3 _! direct aim is1 to in=m1 to p]suade1 to in/ruct4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgg4 ,! copulative & may "h be said to be und]/ood1 because ! v]b & ! pron\ns are plural2 b x seems bett] 9 g5]al1 ei!r to introduce ! connective ^w1 or to take ! n\ns disjunctively3 z1 ,!y h all ! copi\sness1 ! f]v\r1 ! inculcat+ me?od1 t is all[able & graceful 9 an orator2 p]haps too mu* ( x = a writ]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cdc4 ,to ?is1 h[ev]1 !re may be exceptions1--cases 9 :i* ! plural =m is to be pref]r$1--especially 9 poetry2 z1 ,fai?1 ju/ice1 heav5 itself1 n[ quit _! hold1 ,:5 to false fame ! captive he>t is sold4--,br[n1 on ,satire4 ,,obs4 #e4--,:5 two or m antec$5ts connect$ by & are nom9ally alike1 "o or m ( !m may be und]/ood2 &1 9 su* a case1 ! pron\n mu/ /ill be plural1 z agree+ ) all ! n\ns1 :e!r express$ or impli$3 z1 ,b intellectual & moral culture ought to g h& 9 h&2 !y w greatly help ea* o!r4--,dr4 ,weeks4 ,"h !y /&s = intellectual culture & moral culture4 ,! foll[+ example is incorrect3 ,! ,comm&+ & ,unlimit$ mode may be us$ 9 an absolute s5se1 or )\t a "n or sub/itute on :i* x c dep5d4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,*ange x to !y1 or & to or4 ,see ,note #f? to ,rule #af?4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii4 ,,pron\ns ,,) ,,antec$5ts ,,connect$ ,,by ,,&4 ,discont5t & sorr[ manife/$ itself 9 8 c\nt5ance4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #adf4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n itself is ( ! s+ul> numb]1 & does n correctly repres5t its two antec$5ts discont5t & sorr[1 :i* are connect$ by &1 & tak5 conjo9tly4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ab?1 ,:5 a pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !n1 jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r4 ,!re=e1 itself %\ld be !mselves2 ?us1 ,discont5t & sorr[ manife/$ !mselves 9 8 c\nt5ance4 ,bo? conv]sation & public speak+ became m simple & pla91 su* z we n[ f9d x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ei4 ,idl5ess & ignorance1 if x be suff]$ to proce$1 c4--,,johnson3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahf4 ,avoid que/ions & /rife2 x %[s a busy & cont5ti\s disposition4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,to receive ! gifts & b5efits ( ,god ) ?anksgiv+1 & witness x bless$ & sanctifi$ to u by ! ^w & pray]1 is own$ by u4--,b>clays ,works1 i1 #bac4 ,bo? m9i/] & magi/rate are compell$ to *oose betwe5 8 duty & 8 reputation4--,junius1 p4 #i4 ,all ! s9c]ity1 tru?1 & fai?fulness1 or disposition ( he>t or consci5ce to approve x1 f\nd among rational creatures1 necess>ily orig9ate f ,god4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #ab4 ,y\r levity & he$lessness1 if x cont9ue1 w prev5t all sub/antial improvem5t4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #adg4 ,pov]ty & obscurity w oppress him only :o e/eems x oppressive4--,ib4 ,good s5se & ref9$ policy are obvi\s to few1 because x _c be discov]$ b by a tra9 ( reflection4--,ib4 ,avoid haught9ess ( behavi\r1 & affectation1 ( mann]s3 x implies a want ( solid m]it4--,ib4 ,if love & unity cont9ue1 x w make y p>tak]s ( "o an o!r's joy4--,ib4 ,suff] n jeal\sy & di/ru/ to ent]3 x w de/roy1 l a cank]1 e g]m ( fri5d%ip4--,ib4 ,hatr$ & animosity are inconsi/5t ) ,*ri/ian *>ity2 gu>d1 !re=e1 aga9/ ! slighte/ indulg5ce ( x4--,ib4 ,e man is entitl$ to lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & fre$om ( op9ion1 if he does n p]v]t x to ! injury ( o!rs4--,ib4 ,) ! azure & v]milion ,:i* is mix'd = my pavilion4--,byron's ,manfr$1 p4 #i4 ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,pron\ns4 ,:5 a ,pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) !m s+ly1 & n z if tak5 toge!r3 z2 ,james or ,john w fav\r u ) 8 company4--,nei!r weal? nor hon\r c secure ! happ9ess ( its vot>ies4 ,:at virtue or :at m5tal grace1 ,b m5 unqualifi$ & base ,w boa/ x _! possession8--,c[p]1 on ,fri5d%ip4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xiii4 ,,obs4 #a4--,:5 two or m s+ul> antec$5ts are connect$ by or or nor1 ! pron\n :i* repres5ts !m1 ought 9 g5]al to be s+ul>1 because or & nor are disjunctives2 &1 to =m a complete concord1 ! n\ns ought also to be ( ! same p]son & g5d]1 t ! pron\n may agree 9 all respects ) ea* ( !m4 ,b :5 plural n\ns are connect$ 9 ?is mann]1 ! pron\n w ( c\rse be plural1 ?\gh x /ill agrees ) ! antec$5ts s+ly2 z1 ,nei!r ri*es nor hon\rs ev] satisfy _! pursu]s4 ,sometimes1 :5 diff]5t numb]s occur toge!r1 we f9d ! plural n\n put la/1 & ! pron\n made plural aft] bo?1 especially if ?is n\n is a m]e sub/itute = ! o!r2 z1 ,:at's ju/ice to a man1 or laws1 ,t nev] comes )9 _! claws4--,hudibras4 ,,obs4 #b4--,:5 antec$5ts ( diff]5t p]sons1 numb]s1 or g5d]s1 are connect$ by or or nor1 !y _c v prop]ly be repres5t$ by any pron\n t is n applicable to ea* ( !m4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces are !re=e inaccurate2 or at lea/ !y contradict ! tea*+s ( _! own au?ors3 ,ei!r ?\ or ,i am greatly mi/ak51 9 our judgm5t on ?is subject4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #ahd ,y\r "*1 :i* ,i1 or any o!r writ]1 may n[ value ourselves by 7^u7 draw+4--,,swift3 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,ei!r y or ,i w be 9 our place 9 due "t4--,coop]s ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,b diff]5t pron\ns may be s connect$ z to ref] to su* antec$5ts tak5 sep>ately2 z1 ,by requir+ great] lab\r f su* slave or slaves1 ?an he or %e or !y are able to p]=m4--,pr9ce's ,dige/4 ,or1 if ! g5d] only be diff]5t1 ! mascul9e may involve ! fem99e by implication2 z1 ,if a man smite ! eye ( 8 s]vant1 or ! eye ( 8 maid1 t x p]i%1 he %all let him g free = 8 eye's sake4--,exodus1 xxi1 #bf4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,x is h[ev] v common to resort to ! plural numb] 9 su* in/ances z ! =ego+1 because our plural pron\ns are alike 9 all ! g5d]s2 z1 ,:5 ei!r man or woman %all sep>ate !mselves to v[ a v[ ( a ,naz>ite4--,numb]s1 vi1 #b4 ,!n %alt ?\ br+ =? t man or t woman unto ?y gates1 & %alt /one !m ) /ones1 till !y die4--,deut41 xvii1 #e4 ,n on outw>d *>ms c\ld he or %e build _! pret5sions to please4--,opie1 on ,ly+1 p4 #adh4 ,complim5t+ ei!r man or woman on agreeable qualities :i* !y d n possess1 9 hopes ( impos+ on _! cr$ulity4--,ib41 p4 #ajh4 ,avidi51 or 8 wife1 7no matt] :i*17 sell _! pres5t$ p>tridges & fruits4--,pope1 ,sat4 ii1 l4 #ej4 ,beg9n+ ) ,lat9 or ,greek hexamet]1 :i* are ! same4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #gi4 ,did ev] ,proteus1 ,m]l91 any wit*1 ,trans=m !mselves s /rangely z ! ri*8 --,pope1 ,ep4 i1 l4 #aeb4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,f ! obs]vations & examples above1 x may be p]ceiv$1 t :5ev] !re is a diff]5ce ( p]son1 numb]1 or g5d]1 9 antec$5ts connect$ disjunctively1 !re is an inh]5t difficulty respect+ ! =m ( ! pron\n p]sonal4 ,! be/ mode ( meet+ ?is inconv5i5ce1 or ( avoid+ x by a *ange ( ! phraseology1 may be diff]5t on diff]5t occasions4 ,! disjunctive connexion ( explicit pron\ns is ! mo/ correct1 b x sav\rs too mu* ( legal precision & word9ess to be always eligible4 ,commonly an +5i\s m9d may inv5t "s bett] expression1 & yet avoid any syntactical anomaly4 ,9 ,lat91 :5 n\ns are connect$ by ! conjunctions :i* correspond to or or nor1 ! pron\n or v]b is s (t5 made plural1 t no su* pr9ciple z t ( ! =ego+ ,rule1 or ( ,rule #ag?1 is taught by ! common gramm>s ( t language4 ,h[ su* usage c be logically "r1 h[ev]1 x is difficult to imag9e4 ,l[?1 ,murray1 ,web/]1 & mo/ o!r ,engli% gramm>ians1 tea*1 t1 ,! conjunction disjunctive has an effect contr>y to t ( ! copulative2 &1 z ! v]b1 n\n1 or pron\n1 is ref]r$ to ! prec$+ t]ms tak5 sep>ately1 x mu/ be 9 ! s+ul> numb]4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ge2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #aea2 ,*ur*ill's1 #adb2 ,w4 ,all5's1 #acc2 ,l5nie's1 #hc2 & _m o!rs4 ,if !re is any all[able exception to ?is pr9ciple1 x is = ! adoption ( ! plural :5 ! concord _c be made by any "o pron\n s+ul>2 z1 ,if ,i value my fri5d's wife or son ^u acc\nt ( _! connexion ) him4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #gc4 ,d n dr9k w9e nor /rong dr9k1 ?\ nor ?y sons ) !e1 :5 ye g into ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation4--,levit41 x1 #h4 ,^! examples1 ?\gh !y d n accord ) ! prec$+ rule1 seem n to be susceptible ( any *ange = ! bett]4 ,!re are also "s o!r modes ( expression1 9 :i* n\ns t are connect$ disjunctively1 may aft]w>ds be repres5t$ toge!r2 z ,fopp]y is a sort ( folly mu* m contagi\s ,,?an p$antry2 b z !y result alike f affectation1 !y des]ve alike to be proscrib$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bag4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii4 ,,pron\ns ,,) ,,antec$5ts ,,connect$ ,,by ,,or ,,or ,,nor4 ,nei!r prelate nor prie/ c give _! flocks any decisive evid5ce t y are lawful pa/ors4--,dr4 ,br[nlee4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n _! is ( ! plural numb]1 & does n correctly repres5t its two antec$5ts prelate & prie/1 :i* are connect$ by nor1 & tak5 disjunctively4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ac?1 ,:5 a pron\n has two or m antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) !m s+ly1 & n z if tak5 toge!r4 ,!re=e1 _! %\ld be 82 ?us1 ,nei!r prelate nor prie/ c give 8 flocks any decisive evid5ce t y are lawful pa/ors4 ,& is !re a he>t ( p>5t or ( *ild1 t does n beat & burn )9 !m8--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #cfg4 ,?is is j z if an eye or a foot %\ld dem& a sal>y = _! s]vice to ! body4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #agh4 ,if ?y h& or ?y foot (f5d !e1 cut !m (f1 & ca/ !m f !e4--,matt41 xviii1 #h4 ,! same might z well be said ( ,virgil1 or any great au?or1 ^: g5]al "* w infallibly raise _m casual additions to _! reputation4--,pope's ,pref4 to ,hom]4 ,ei!r ,james or ,john1 "o ( !m1 w come4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,ev5 a rugg$ rock or b>r5 hea?1 ?\gh 9 !mselves disagreeable1 contribute by contra/ to ! beauty ( ! :ole4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ahe4 ,t nei!r ,c\nt ,re*t]5 nor ,monsieur ,mesnag] _h behav$ !mselves "r 9 ?is affair4--,spect41 ,no4 #dha4 ,if an ,ari/otle1 a ,py?agoras1 or a ,galileo1 suff] = _! op9ions1 !y are 'm>tyrs4'--,gospel its own ,witness1 p4 #hj4 ,if an ox gore a man or a woman1 t !y die2 !n ! ox %all be surely /on$4--,exodus1 xxi1 #bh4 ,%e 0 call+ out to "o or an o!r1 at e /ep1 t a ,habit 0 ensn>+ !m4--,,dr4 ,,johnson3 ,murray's ,sequel1 #aha4 ,"h is a ,task put ^u ,*ildr51 t nei!r ?is ,au?or1 nor any o!r h yet und]gone !mselves4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #afb4 ,h5ce1 if an adjective or p>ticiple be subjo9$ to ! v]b1 :5 ( ! s+ul> numb]1 !y w agree bo? 9 g5d] & numb] ) ! collective n\n4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #aed2 ,g\ld's1 #aeh4 ,& if y c f9d a diph?ong1 or a triph?ong1 be pleas$ to po9t !m out too4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,& if y c f9d a diph?ong1 or a triph?ong1 a trissyllable1 or a polysyllable1 po9t !m respectively out4--,ib41 p4 #be4 ,! false refuges 9 :i* ! a!i/ or ! sceptic h intr5*$ !mselves4--,*ri/ian ,spect41 viii1 #ahe4 ,:ile ! man or woman ?us assi/$ by art expects _! *>ms w be imput$ to nature alone4--,opie1 #ada4 ,:5 y press a wat*1 or pull a clock1 !y answ] y\r "q ) precision2 = !y repeat exactly ! h\r ( ! day1 & tell y nei!r m nor less ?an y desire to "k4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #ajb4 ,n ! ,mogul1 or ,cz> ( ,muscovy1 ,n ,pre/] ,john1 or ,*am ( ,t>t>y1 ,are 9 _! h\ses ,mon>* m ?an ,i4 --,,k+3 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #fac4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,v]bs4 ,9 ?is "w1 ! syntax ( ,v]bs is embrac$ 9 six consecutive rules1 ) ! necess>y exceptions1 notes1 & obs]vations1 "u !m2 h5ce ?is *apt] ext5ds f ! f\rte5? to ! tw5tie? rule 9 ! s]ies4 ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,e f9ite ,v]b mu/ agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]3 z1 ,i "k2 ?\ kn[/1 or kn[e/2 he kn[s1 or kn[e?--,! bird flies2 ! birds fly4 ,our fa!rs' f]tile fields by slaves are till'd1 ,& ,rome ) dregs ( =eign l&s is fill'd4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 vii1 l4 #fjj4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xiv4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is g5]al rule = ! v]b1 !re are prop]ly no exceptions2#che & all ! special rules t foll[1 :i* prescribe ! concord ( v]bs 9 p>ticul> in/ances1 virtually accord ) x4 ,e f9ite v]b1 7t is1 e v]b n 9 ! inf9itive mood17 mu/ h "s n\n1 pron\n1 or phrase equival5t1 kn[n z ! subject ( ! be+1 action1 or passion2#chf & ) ?is subject1 :e!r express$ or und]/ood1 ! v]b mu/ agree 9 p]son & numb]4 ,! inf9itive mood1 z x does n unite ) a nom9ative to =m an ass]tion1 is ( c\rse exempt f any su* agreem5t4 ,^! may be consid]$ pr9ciples ( ,univ]sal ,gramm>4 ,! ,greeks1 h[ev]1 _h a /range cu/om ( us+ a plural n\n ( ! neut] g5d]1 ) a v]b ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 & 9 bo? ,greek & ,lat91 ! inf9itive mood ) an accusative be=e x 0 (t5 equival5t to a f9ite v]b ) its nom9ative4 ,9 ,engli% we h nei!r ( ^! usages2 & plural n\ns1 ev5 :5 !y d5ote no absolute plurality1 7z %e>s1 scissors1 tr[s]s1 pantaloons1 tongs17 require plural v]bs or pron\ns3 z1 ,y\r %e>s come too late1 to clip ! bird's w+s4--,,sidney3 ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,,obs4 #b4--,:5 a book t be>s a plural title1 is spok5 ( z "o ?+1 !re is sometimes pres5t$ an app>5t exception to ! =ego+ rule2 z1 ,! ,pleasures ( ,memory 0 publi%$ 9 ! ye> #agib1 & became at once popul>4--,allan ,cunn+ham4 ,! ',s5tim5ts ( a ,*ur*-(-,engl& ,man' is writt5 ) great coolness1 mod]ation1 ease1 & p]spicuity4--,johnson's ,life ( ,swift4 ,! ',pleasures ( ,hope' is a spl5did poem2 x 0 writt5 = p]petuity4--,samuel ,l4 ,knapp4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 !re is1 ,i appreh5d1 ei!r an agreem5t ( ! v]b1 by ! figure syllepsis1 ) ! m5tal conception ( ! ?+ spok5 (2 or an improp] ellipsis ( ! common n\n1 ) :i* ea* s5t5ce ought to comm5ce2 z1 ,! poem entitl$1--,! "w entitl$1 c4 ,b ! plural title sometimes controls ! =m ( ! v]b2 z1 ,my ,lives are repr9t+4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 ! figurative use ( ! pres5t t5se = ! pa/ or imp]fect1 ! vulg> h a habit ( putt+ ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ) ! pron\n ,i2 z1 ,?9ks ,i to myself4--,rev4 ,j4 ,m>riott4 ,o1 says ,i1 ,jacky1 are y at t "w8--,day's ,s&=d & ,m]ton4 ,huzza6 huzza6 ,sir ,condy ,rackr5t =ev]1 0 ! fir/ ?+ ,i he>s 9 ! morn+4--,edgewor?'s ,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #ig4 ,?is vulg>ism is to be avoid$1 n by a simple omission ( ! t]m9ational s1 b r by ! use ( ! lit]al pret]it3 z1 ,?\ght ,i to myself2--,o1 said ,i2--,! fir/ ?+ ,i he>d4 ,! same mode ( correction is also prop]1 :51 "u l circum/ances1 !re occurs a disagreem5t 9 numb]2 z1 ,aft] ! election 0 ov]1 !re comes %oals ( p f all p>ts4--,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #ajc4 ,didn't ye he> x8 says !y t 7 look+ on4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,write1 !re came1--said !y4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,x has already be5 notic$1 t ! article a1 or a s+ul> adjective1 sometimes prec$es an ari?metical numb] ) a plural n\n2 z1 ,a ?\s& ye>s 9 ?y sight are b z ye/]day4--,psalms1 xc1 #d4 ,s we might say1 ,"o ?\s& ye>s are1--,ea* ?\s& ye>s are--,e ?\s& ye>s are1 c4 ,b x w\ld n be prop] to say1 ,a ?\s& ye>s is1 or1 ,e ?\s& ye>s is2 because ! n\n ye>s is pla9ly plural1 & ! anomaly ( putt+ a s+ul> v]b aft] x1 is bo? ne$less & unau?oriz$4 ,yet1 to ?is g5]al rule = ! v]b1 ! au?or ( a c]ta9 ,engli% ,gramm> on ! ,productive ,sy/em1 7a /range p]v]sion ( ,murray's compilation1 & a m]e cat*-p5ny "w1 n[ ext5sively us$ 9 ,new ,engl&17 is endeav\r+ to e/abli%1 by 8 own b>e ^w1 ! foll[+ exception3 ,e is sometimes associat$ ) a plural n\n1 9 :i* case ! v]b mu/ be s+ul>2 z1 ',e hundr$ ye>s con/itutes a c5tury4'--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,8 reason is ?is2 t ! phrase conta9+ ! nom9ative1 signifies a s+le p]iod ( "t1 & is1 !re=e1 9 reality s+ul>4--,ib4 ,cutl] also1 a m rec5t writ]1 seems to h imbib$ ! same notion2 = he gives ! foll[+ s5t5ce z an example ( false con/ruction3 ,e hundr$ ye>s are call$ a c5tury4--,cutl]'s ,gramm> & ,p>s]1 p4 #ade4 ,b1 accord+ to ?is argum5t1 no plural v]b c\ld ev] be us$ ) any def9ite numb] ( ! p>ts ( "t2 = any ?ree ye>s1 =ty ye>s1 or ?reescore ye>s & t51 are z s+le a p]iod ( "t1 z e hundr$ ye>s1 e f\r ye>s1 or e tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,nor is x true1 t1 ,e is sometimes associat$ ) a plural n\n2 = e ye>s or e h\rs1 w\ld be worse ?an nons5se4 ,i1 !re=e1 ackn[l$ge no su* exception2 b1 disc>d+ ! pr9ciple ( ! note1 put ?is au?or's pret5d$ corrections among my quotations ( false syntax4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,diff]5t v]bs always h diff]5t subjects1 express$ or und]/ood2 except :5 two or m v]bs are connect$ 9 ! same con/ruction1 or :5 ! same ^w is repeat$ = ! sake ( emphasis4 ,b let n ! read] believe ! common doctr9e ( our gramm>ians1 respect+ ei!r ! ellipsis ( nom9atives or ! ellipsis ( v]bs4 ,9 ! text1 ,! man 0 old & crafty1 ,murray sees no connexion ( ! ideas ( age & craft9ess1 b ?9ks ! text a comp\nd s5t5ce1 conta9+ two nom9atives & two v]bs2 i4e41 ,! man 0 old1 & ! man 0 crafty4 #chg ,& all 8 o!r in/ances ( ! ellipsis ( ! v]b are equally fanciful6 ,see 8 ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bai2 ,duodecimo1 #age4 ,9 ! text1 ,god loves1 protects1 supports1 & rew>ds ! rights1 !re are f\r v]bs 9 ! same con/ruction1 agree+ ) ! same nom9ative1 & gov]n+ ! same object2 b ,bu*anan & o!rs exp\nd x1 ,god loves1 & ,god protects1 & ,god supports1 & ,god rew>ds ! righte\s4--,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #gf2 ,briti% ,gram41 #aib4 ,?is also is fanciful & inconsi/5t4 ,if ! nom9ative is "h elegantly und]/ood to ea* v]b1 s is ! objective1 :i* !y d n repeat4 ,& aga91 !y imm$iately add1 ! v]b is (t5 und]/ood to its n\n or n\ns2 z1 ,he dreams ( gibbets1 halt]s1 racks1 dagg]s1 c4 i4e4 ,he dreams ( gibbets1 & he dreams ( halt]s1 c4--,same works & places4 ,9 none ( ^! examples is !re any occasion to suppose an ellipsis1 if we admit t two or m words c be connect$ 9 ! same con/ruction6 ,,obs4 #f4--,v]bs 9 ! imp]ative mood commonly agree ) ! pron\n ?\1 ye1 or y1 und]/ood aft] !m2 z1 ,heal ye ! sick1 cleanse ye ! lep]s1 raise ye ! dead1 ca/ ye out devils4--,matt41 x1 #h4 ,tru/ ,god & be do+1 & leave ! re/ ) him4--,dr4 ,sibs4 ,:5 ! do] ( a ?+ mu/ fir/ proce$ to ! place ( action1 we sometimes use g or come be=e an o!r v]b1 )\t any conjunction betwe5 ! two2 z1 ,son1 g "w to-day 9 my v9ey>d4--,matt41 xxi1 #bh4 ,come see a man :o has told me all ?+s t ev] ,i did4--,john1 iv1 #bi4 ,he ord]$ 8 soldi]s to g murd] e *ild ab\t ,be?lehem1 or ne> x4--,wood's ,dict4 ( ,bible1 w4 ,h]od4 ,take a pres5t 9 ?9e h&1 & g meet ! man ( ,god4--#b ,k+s1 viii1 #h4 ,i w g see if he be at home4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #afi4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! place ( ! v]b has ref]5ce ma9ly to t ( ! subject ) :i* x agrees1 & t ( ! object :i* x gov]ns2 & z ! arrangem5t ( ^!1 ) ! in/ances 9 :i* !y come be=e or aft] ! v]b1 has already be5 notic$1 ! position ( ! latt] seems to require no fur!r explanation4 ,see ,obs4 #b;d "u ,rule #b;d1 & ,obs4 #b;d "u ,rule #e?4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! inf9itive mood1 a phrase1 or a s5t5ce1 7&1 accord+ to "s au?ors1 ! p>ticiple 9 +1 or a phrase beg9n+ ) ?is p>ticiple17 is sometimes ! prop] subject ( a v]b1 be+ equival5t to a nom9ative ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 z1 ,to play is pleasant4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,to write well1 is difficult2 to speak eloqu5tly1 is /ill m difficult4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ha4 ,to take m5 (f f pray]1 t5ds to irreligi\sness1 is grant$4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #bad4 ,to educate a *ild p]fectly1 requires pr(\nd] ?\ght1 great] wisdom1 ?an to gov]n a /ate4--,*ann+'s ,self-,culture1 p4 #cj4 ,to det]m9e ^! po9ts1 belongs to good s5se4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cba4 ,h[ f> ! *ange w\ld contribute to 8 welf>e1 comes to be consid]$4--,id41 ,s]mons4 ,t too mu* c>e does hurt 9 any ( our tasks1 is a doctr9e s flatt]+ to indol5ce1 t we ought to receive x ) extreme caution4--,life ( ,s*ill]1 p4 #adh4 ,t !re is no disput+ ab\t ta/e1 is a say+ s g5]ally receiv$ z to h become a prov]b4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cfj4 ,= :at purpose !y emb>k$1 is n yet kn[n4--,to live 9 s9 & yet to believe ! =giv5ess ( s91 is utt]ly impossible4--,dr4 ,j4 ,ow54 ,!re %all[ draughts intoxicate ! bra91 ,b dr9k+ l>gely sob]s u aga94--,pope4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! same mean+ w be express$1 if ! pron\n x be plac$ be=e ! v]b1 & ! inf9itive1 phrase1 or santance1 aft] x2 z1 ,x is pleasant to play1--,x is difficult to write well2 c4 ,! con/ruction ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces is r5d]$ defective by ! omission ( ?is pron\n3 ,:y d ye t :i* x is n lawful to d on ! sabba? days8--,luke1 vi1 #b4 ,! %[-bread1 :i* x is n lawful to eat1 b = ! prie/s only4--,ib41 vi1 #d4 ,we h done t :i* x 0 our duty to d4--,ib41 xvii1 #aj4 ,"h ! relative :i* ought to be 9 ! objective case1 gov]n$ by ! inf9itives2 b ! omission ( ! ^w x makes ?is relative ! nom9ative to is or 01 & leaves to d & to eat )\t any regim54 ,?is is n ellipsis1 b error4 ,x is an accid5tal gap into :i* a side piece falls1 & leaves a brea* else:]e4 ,! foll[+ is some:at l x1 ?\gh :at falls 91 appe>s to leave no *asm3 ,f ?is d$uction1 x may be easily se5 h[ x comes to pass1 t p]sonification makes s great a figure4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aee4 ,:e!r ! au?or _h any mean+ 9 ?is expression1 or :at x 01 x is n easy to det]m9e4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bih4 ,t w>m climates %\ld accel]ate ! gr[? ( ! human body1 & %ort5 its duration1 x is v reasonable to believe4--,ib41 p4 #add4 ,^! also ne$ ! pron\n1 ?\gh ,murray ?\ght !m complete )\t x4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,:5 ! inf9itive mood is made ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 x is mo/ commonly us$ to express action or /ate 9 ! ab/ract2 z1 ,to be cont5ts 8 natural desire4--,pope4 ,"h to be /&s = simple exi/5ce2 or if = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,indian1 ( :om ! au?or speaks1 t relation is m]ely impli$4 ,to def9e ridicule1 has puzzl$ & vex$ e critic4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cjj4 ,"h to def9e expresses an action q z di/9ct f any ag5t1 z w\ld ! p>ticipial n\n2 z1 ,! def9+ ( ridicule1 c4 ,9 connexion ) ! inf9itive1 a concrete quality may also be tak5 z an ab/ract2 z1 ,to be good is to be happy4 ,"h good & happy express ! quality ( goodness & ! /ate ( happ9ess consid]$ ab/ractly2 & !re=e ^! adjectives d n relate to any p>ticul> n\n4 ,s also ! passive inf9itive1 or a p]fect p>ticiple tak5 9 a passive s5se2 z1 ,to be satisfi$ ) a little1 is ! greate/ wisdom4--,to appe> disc\rag$1 is ! way to become s4 ,"h ! satisfaction & ! disc\ragem5t are consid]$ ab/ractly1 & )\t ref]5ce to any p>ticul> p]son4 7,see ,obs4 #ab? & #ac? on ,rule #f?47 ,s too1 app>5tly1 ! p>ticiples do+ & suff]+1 z well z ! adjective weak1 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,fall5 ,*]ub1 to be weak is mis]able1 ,do+ or suff]+4--,milton's ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,:5 ! action or /ate is to be expressly limit$ to "o class ( be+s1 or to a p>ticul> p]son or ?+1 )\t mak+ ! v]b f9ite2 ! n\n or pron\n may be introduc$ be=e ! inf9itive by ! preposition =3 z1 ,= m5 to se>* _! own glory1 is n glory4--,prov41 xxv1 #bg4 ,= a pr9ce to be r$uc$ by villany sic--,,k? to my di/ressful circum/ances1 is calamity en\gh4--,translation ( ,sallu/4 ,= holy p]sons to be humble1 is z h>d1 z = a pr9ce to submit himself to be guid$ by tutors4--,,taylor3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acb2 ,murray's1 #ahd4 ,b su* a limitation is sometimes impli$1 :5 ! expression itself is g5]al2 z1 ,n to "k me1 argues ?yself unkn[n4--,milton4 ,t is1 ,= !e n to "k me4 ,! phrase is put f>1 ,?y ignorance ( me2 = an o!r's ignorance w\ld be no argum5t 9 reg>d to ! individual address$4 ,i1 to be> ?is1 t nev] knew b bett]1 is "s burd54--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #cbg4 ,"h ! inf9itive to be>1 :i* is ! subject ( ! v]b is1 is limit$ 9 s5se by ! pron\n ,i1 :i* is put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 ?\gh p]haps improp]ly2 because1 ,= me to be> ?is1 c41 w convey ! same mean+1 9 a =m mu* m common1 & p]haps m grammatical4 ,9 ! foll[+ c\plet1 !re is an ellipsis ( ! inf9itive2 = ! phrase1 fool ) fool1 means1 = fool to cont5d ) fool1 or1 = "o fool to cont5d ) an o!r3 ,blockheads ) reason wick$ wits abhor1 ,b fool ) fool is b>b'r\s civil w>4 --,pope1 ,dunciad1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #age4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! objective n\n or pron\n ?us introduc$ by = be=e ! inf9itive1 0 errone\sly call$ by ,prie/ley1 ! subject ( ! affirmation2 7,gram41 p4 #acb27 & ,murray1 ,+]soll1 & o!rs1 h bl9dly copi$ ! blund]4 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahd2 ,+]soll's1 #bdd4 ,aga91 ,+]soll says1 ,! inf9itive mood1 or "p ( a s5t5ce1 is sometimes ! subject ( a v]b1 & is1 !re=e1 its ,,nom9ative4--,conv]sations on ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #bdf4 ,to ?is errone\s d$uction1 ! phraseology us$ by ,murray & o!rs too pla9ly gives c\nt5ance3 ,! inf9itive mood1 or "p ( a s5t5ce1 is sometimes put z ! nom9ative case to ! v]b4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #add2 ,fisk's1 #abc2 ,kirkham's1 #ahh2 ,l5nie's1 #ii2 ,bullions's1 #hi2 & _m m4 ,n[ ! objective be=e ! inf9itive may n improp]ly be call$ ! subject ( ?is =m ( ! v]b1 z ! nom9ative is1 ( ! f9ite2 b to call x ! subject ( ! affirmation1 is pla9ly absurd2 because no inf9itive1 9 ,engli%1 ev] expresses an affirmation4 ,& aga91 if a :ole phrase or s5t5ce is made ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 or ( an affirmation1 no "o ^w conta9$ 9 x1 c s+ly claim ?is title4 ,nor c ! :ole1 by virtue ( ?is relation1 be said to be 9 ! nom9ative case2 because1 9 ! nature ( ?+s1 nei!r phrases nor s5t5ces are capable ( be+ decl9$ by cases4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,any phrase or s5t5ce :i* is made ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be tak5 9 ! s5se ( "o ?+1 & be spok5 ( z a :ole2 s t ! v]b's agreem5t ) x1 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 is n an exception to ,rule #ad?1 b a con/ruction 9 :i* ! v]b may be p>s$ by t rule4 ,= any "o ?+ m]ely spok5 (1 is ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 :atev] may be ! nature ( its p>ts4 ,n e phrase or s5t5ce1 h[ev]1 is fit to be made ! subject ( a v]b2--t is1 if its own import1 & n ! m]e expression1 is ! ?+ :]e( we affirm4 ,?us ,dr4 ,a%'s example = ?is v con/ruction1 a s5t5ce made ! subject ( a v]b1 is1 ,i ?9k1 a palpable solecism3 ,! ,k+ & ,que5 appe>+ 9 public 0 ! cause ( my go+4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,:at is "h be=e ! v]b 01 is no s5t5ce2 b a m]e phrase1 & su* a "o z we %\ld expect to see us$ indep5d5tly1 if any reg>d 7 _h to its own import4 ,! ,doctor w\ld tell u :at 0 ! cause ( 8 go+3 & "h he has two nom9atives1 :i* are equival5t to ! plural !y2 q4d41 ,!y appe>+ 9 public 0 ! cause4 ,b su* a con/ruction is n ,engli%4 ,x is an o!r sample ( ! false illu/ration :i* gramm> receives f ^? :o inv5t ! pro(-texts :i* !y ought to quote4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,"o ( ,murray's examples ( :at he errone\sly t]ms nom9ative s5t5ces1 i4e41 s5t5ces or clauses con/itut+ ! subject ( an affirmation1 is ! foll[+3 ,a desire to excel o!rs 9 le>n+ & virtue 1 is comm5dable4--,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #add4 ,"h ! v]b is agrees regul>ly ) ! n\n desire1 & ) t only2 ! :ole text be+ m]ely a simple s5t5ce1 & totally irrelevant to ! doctr9e :i* x accompanies4#chh ,b ! great ,compil] supposes ! adjuncts ( ?is n\n to be p>ts ( ! nom9ative1 & imag9es ! v]b to agree ) all t prec$es x4 ,yet1 soon aft]1 he exp5ds ^u ! n9? rule ( ,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gramm> a :ole page ( useless criticism1 to %[ t ! adjuncts ( a n\n are n to be tak5 z p>ts ( ! nom9ative2 & t1 :5 objectives are ?us subjo9$1 ! ass]tion grammatically respects ! fir/ n\ns only4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 ,i say useless1 because ! tru? ( ! doctr9e is s v pla94 ,"s1 h[ev]1 may imag9e an example l ! foll[+ to be an exception to x2 b ,i d n1 because ,i ?9k ! true nom9ative suppress$3 ,by =ce !y c\ld n introduce ^! gods2 ,= t5 to "o 9 =m] days 0 odds4--,dryd5's ,poems1 p4 #ch4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,dr4 ,web/]'s n9? rule is ?is3 ,:5 ! nom9ative consi/s ( sev]al words1 & ! la/ ( ! names is 9 ! plural numb]1 ! v]b is commonly 9 ! plural also2 z1 ',a "p ( ! exports consi/ ( raw silk4' ',! numb] ( oy/]s increase4' ,,goldsmi?4 ',su* z ! tra9 ( our ideas h lodg$ 9 our memories4' ,,locke4 ',! great] "p ( philosoph]s h ackn[l$g$ ! excell5ce ( ?is gov]nm5t4' ,,ana*>sis4--,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #adf2 ,impr4 ,gram41 #ajj4 ,! la/ ( ^! examples ,murray omits2 ! second he *anges ?us3 ,a numb] ( m5 & wom5 7 pres5t4 ,b all ( !m 8 reason+ condemns z ungrammatical4 ,he ?9ks !m wrong1 ^u ! pr9ciple1 t ! v]bs1 be+ plural1 d n agree ) ! fir/ n\ns only4 ,web/]1 on ! contr>y1 judges !m all to be "r2 &1 ^u ?is same pr9ciple1 conceives t 8 rule mu/ be s too4 ,he did n retract or alt] ! doctr9e aft] he saw ! criticism1 b republi%$ x v]batim1 9 8 ,improv$ ,gramm>1 ( #ahca4 ,bo? err1 & nei!r conv9ces ! o!r4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,9 ?is in/ance1 z ,web/] & ,murray bo? tea* errone\sly1 :oev] foll[s ei!r1 w be l$ into _m mi/akes4 ,! fact is1 t "s ( ! =ego+ examples1 ?\gh p]haps n all1 are p]fectly "r2 & hundr$s m1 ( a simil> "*1 might be quot$1 :i* no true gramm>ian w\ld presume to condemn4 ,b :at h ^! to d ) ! mon/r\s absurdity ( suppos+ objective adjuncts to be p>ts ( ! actual nom9ative8 ,! words1 "p1 numb]1 tra9 & ! l1 are collective n\ns2 &1 z su*1 !y (t5 h plural v]bs 9 agreem5t ) !m4 ,to say1 ,a numb] ( m5 & wom5 7 pres5t1 is z correct z to say1 ,a v great numb] ( our words are pla9ly d]iv$ f ! ,lat94--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hf4 ,murray's criticism1 !re=e1 s9ce x does n exempt ^! examples f ! c5sure ju/ly laid ^u ,web/]'s rule1 w c]ta9ly mislead ! le>n]4 ,& aga9 ! rule1 be+ utt]ly wrong 9 pr9ciple1 w ju/ify blund]s l ^!3 ,! tru? ( ! n>ratives h nev] be5 disput$2--,! virtue ( ^! m5 & wom5 are inde$ exempl>y4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,9 "o ( 8 notes1 ,murray sugge/s1 t ! article an or a be=e a collective n\n mu/ conf9e ! v]b to ! s+ul> numb]2 z1 ,a great numb] ( m5 & wom5 0 collect$4--,ib41 p4 #aec4 ,b ?is doctr9e he sometimes =got or disreg>d$2 z1 ,b if a numb] ( int]rogative or exclamatory s5t5ces are ?r[n into "o g5]al gr\p4--,ib41 p4 #bhd2 ,comly1 #aff2 ,fisk1 #afj2 ,+]soll1 #bie4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,cobbett1 9 a long p>agraph1 7! #bde? ( 8 ,engli% ,gramm>17 /\tly d5ies t any relative pron\n c ev] be ! nom9ative to a v]b2 &1 to ma9ta9 ?is absurdity1 he w h ! relative & its antec$5t to be always alike 9 case1 ! only ?+ 9 :i* !y are always indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 ,to prove 8 po9t1 he fir/ frames ^! examples3 ,! m5 :o are "h1 ! man :o is "h2 ! cocks t cr[1 ! cock t cr[s2 & !n asks1 ,n[1 if ! relative be ! nom9ative1 :y d ! v]bs *ange1 see+ t "h is no *ange 9 ! relative8 ,he seems ignorant ( ! axiom1 t two ?+s sev]ally equal to a ?ird1 are also equal to ea* o!r3 & accord+ly1 to answ] 8 own "q1 resorts to a new pr9ciple3 ,! v]b is cont9ually v>y+4 ,:y does x v>y8 ,because x disreg>ds ! relative & goes & f9ds ! antec$5t1 & accommodates its numb] to t4--,ibid4 ,to ?is wild doctr9e1 "o erratic ,iri%man yields a full ass5t2 &1 9 "o ,am]ican grammati/1 we f9d a p>tial & un9t5tional concurr5ce ) x4#chi ,b ! fact is1 ! relative agrees ) ! antec$5t1 & ! v]b agrees ) ! relative3 h5ce all ?ree ( ! words are alike 9 p]son & numb]4 ,b betwe5 ! case ( ! relative & t ( ! ant$$5t sic--,,k?1 !re nev] is1 or c be1 9 our language1 any sort ( connexion or int]f]5ce4 ,! words belong to diff]5t clauses2 &1 if bo? be nom9atives1 !y mu/ be ! subjects ( diff]5t v]bs3 or1 if ! n\n be sometimes put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 ! pron\n is /ill left to its own v]b4 ,b ,cobbett concludes 8 obs]vation ?us3 ,y w obs]ve1 !re=e1 t1 :5 ,i1 9 ! etymology & syntax z relat+ to relative pron\ns1 speak ( relatives z be+ 9 ! nom9ative case1 ,i mean1 t !y relate to n\ns or to p]sonal pron\ns1 :i* are 9 t case4 ,! same obs]vation applies to ! o!r cases4--,ib41 #bde4 ,?is sugge/ion betrays 9 ! critic an unacc\ntable ignorance ( 8 subject4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,no?+ is m c]ta91 ?an t ! relatives1 :o1 :i*1 :at1 t1 & z1 are (t5 nom9atives1 & ! only subjects ( ! v]bs :i* foll[ !m3 z1 ,! ,"l w %[ :o are 81 & :o is holy4--,numb]s1 xvi1 #e4 ,h>dly is !re any p]son1 b :o1 on su* occasions1 is dispos$ to be s]i\s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfi4 ,mu* ( ! m]it ( ,mr4 ,addison's ,cato dep5ds ^u t moral turn ( ?\ght :i* di/+ui%es x4--,ib41 #dfi4 ,admit n a s+le ^w b :at is necess>y4--,ib41 p4 #cac4 ,! plead] mu/ say no?+ b :at is true2 &1 at ! same "t1 he mu/ avoid say+ any ?+ t w hurt 8 cause4--,ib41 #cac4 ,i proce$ to m5tion su* z appe> to me mo/ mat]ial4--,ib41 p4 #abe4 ,aft] b or ?an1 !re is sometimes an ellipsis ( ! relative1 & p]haps also ( ! antec$5t2 z1 ,!re is no he>t b mu/ feel !m4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfi4 ,!re is no "o b mu/ be s5sible ( ! extravagance4--,ib41 p4 #dgi4 ,s9ce we may date f x a m g5]al & a m conc]t$ opposition to ,france ?an !re _h be5 be=e4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #bac4 ,t is1 ?an :at !re _h be5 be=e2--or1 ?an any opposition :i* !re _h be5 be=e4 ,john has m fruit ?an c be ga!r$ 9 a week4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 pp4 #aif & #cca4 ,i suppose ?is s5t5ce to mean1 ,john has m fruit ?an :at c be ga!r$ 9 a week4 ,b ! au?or ( x d5ies t x is elliptical1 & seems to suppose t c be ga!r$ agrees ) ,john4 ,"p ( 8 comm5t /&s ?us3 ,! above s5t5ce--',john has m fruit ?an c be ga!r$ 9 a week'--9 e respect full & p]fect--mu/1 to be grammatical6 accord+ to all ! 'old !ories1' /&1 ,john has m fruit ?an t fruit is :i*1 or :i* fruit c be ga!r$ 9 a week666--,ib41 #cca4 ,:at %all be done ) ! headlong critic :o ?us mi/akes exclamation po9ts = argum5ts1 & multiplies 8 confid5ce 9 proportion to 8 fallacies & errors8 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,9 a "q1 ! nom9ative ,i or ?\ put aft] ! v]b1 controls ! agreem5t1 9 pref]5ce to ! int]rogative :o1 :i*1 or :at1 put be=e x2 z1 ,:o am ,i8 ,:at am ,i8 ,:o art ?\8 ,:at art ?\8 ,&1 by analogy1 ?is seems to be ! case ) all plurals2 z1 ,:o are we8 ,:o are y8 ,:o are !y8 ,:at are ^!8 ,b sometimes ! int]rogative pron\n is ! only nom9ative us$2 & !n ! v]b1 :e!r s+ul> or plural1 mu/ agree ) ?is nom9ative1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 & n1 z ,cobbett av]s1 ) an antec$5t und]/ood3 z1 ,:o is 9 ! h\se8 ,:o are 9 ! h\se8 ,:o /rikes ! iron8 ,:o /rike ! iron8 ,:o 0 9 ! /reet8 ,:o 7 9 ! /reet8--,cobbett's ,gram41 #bde4 ,all ! int]rogative pron\ns may be us$ 9 ei!r numb]1 b1 9 examples l ! foll[+1 ,i imag9e ! s+ul> to be m prop] ?an ! plural3 ,:at h become ( our previ\s cu/oms8--,hunt's ,byron1 p4 #aba4 ,& :at h become ( my resolutions to return to ,god8--,"y ,*ri/ian1 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ia4 ,:5 two nom9atives ( diff]5t prop]ties come aft] ! v]b1 ! fir/ controls ! agreem5t1 & nei!r ! plural numb] nor ! mo/ wor?y p]son is always pref]r$2 z1 ,is x ,i8 ,is x ?\8 ,is x !y8 ,,obs4 #bj4--,! v]b aft] a relative sometimes has ! appe>ance ( disagree+ ) its nom9ative1 because ! writ] & 8 read] disagree 9 _! conceptions ( its mood4 ,:5 a relative clause is subjo9$ to :at is itself subjunctive or conditional1 "s writ]s suppose t ! latt] v]b %\ld be put 9 ! subjunctive mood2 z1 ,if !re be any intrigue :i* /& sep>ate & indep5d5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #deg4 ,! man also w\ld be ( consid]able use1 :o %\ld vigilantly att5d to e illegal practice t 7 beg9n+ to prevail4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aga4 ,b ,i h else:]e %[n1 t relatives1 9 ,engli%1 are n compatible ) ! subjunctive mood2 & x is c]ta91 t no o!r mood ?an ! indicative or ! pot5tial is commonly us$ aft] !m4 ,say !re=e1 ,if !re be any intrigue :i* /&s1 c4 ,9 assum+ to himself ! o!r text1 ,murray's says1 ,t man also w\ld be ( consid]able use1 :o %\ld vigilantly att5d to e illegal practice t 0 beg9n+ to prevail4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #cff4 ,b ?is seems too positive4 ,! pot5tial imp]fect w\ld be bett]3 viz41 t might beg9 to prevail4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,! t]m9ation / or e/1 ) :i* ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! v]b is =m$ 9 ! indicative pres5t1 &1 = ! solemn /yle1 9 ! imp]fect also2 & ! t]m9ation s or es1 ) :i* ! ?ird p]son s+ul> is =m$ 9 ! indicative pres5t1 & only !re2 are signs ( ! mood & t5se1 z well z ( ! p]son & numb]1 ( ! v]b4 ,!y are n applicable to a future unc]ta9ty1 or to any m]e supposition 9 :i* we w\ld leave ! "t indef9ite & make ! action hypo!tical2 because !y are commonly und]/ood to fix ! "t ( ! v]b to ! pres5t or ! pa/1 & to assume ! action z ei!r do+ or done4 ,= ?is reason1 our be/ writ]s h always omitt$ ^? t]m9ations1 :5 !y int5d$ to repres5t ! action z be+ d\btful & cont+5t z well z conditional4 ,& ?is omission con/itutes ! :ole =mal diff]5ce betwe5 ! indicative & ! subjunctive mood4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ce has1 by almo/ all gramm>ians1 be5 conceiv$ to ext5d some:at fur!r2 =1 if x 7 conf9$ /rictly )9 ! limits ( ! lit]al v>iation1 ! subjunctive mood w\ld embrace only two or ?ree words 9 ! :ole =mation ( ea* v]b4 ,aft] ! example ( ,prie/ley1 ,dr4 ,murray1 ,a4 ,murray1 ,h>rison1 ,alex&]1 & o!rs1 ,i h giv5 to x all ! p]sons ( ! two simple t5ses1 s+ul> & plural2 &1 = v>i\s reasons1 ,i am decid$ly ( ! op9ion1 t ^! are its mo/ prop] limits4 ,! p]fect & plup]fect t5ses1 be+ pa/1 _c express :at is really cont+5t or unc]ta92 & s9ce1 9 express+ conditionally :at may or may n happ51 we use ! subjunctive pres5t z embrac+ ! future indef9itely1 !re is no ne$ ( any =mal futures = ?is mood4 ,! compreh5sive brevity ( ?is =m ( ! v]b1 is :at *iefly comm5ds x4 ,x is n an elliptical =m ( ! future1 z "s affirm x to be2 nor equival5t to ! indicative pres5t1 z o!rs w h x2 b a true subjunctive1 ?\gh its di/9ctive p>ts are *iefly conf9$ to ! second & ?ird p]sons s+ul> ( ! simple v]b3 z1 ,?\gh ?\ wa% !e ) nitre4--,j]41 ii1 #bb4 ,x is j1 ,o great k+6 t a murd]] p]i%4--,corneille4 ,?is s+le crime1 9 my judgm5t1 7 suffici5t to condemn him4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #hb4 ,bew>e t ?\ br+ n my son ?i!r4--,,bible3 ,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,see t ?\ tell no man4--,id41 ib4 ,^! examples c h>dly be resolv$ into any ?+ else ?an ! subjunctive mood4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xiv4 ,,note ,i4--,:5 ! nom9ative is a relative pron\n1 ! v]b mu/ agree ) x 9 p]son & numb]1 accord+ to ! pron\n's agreem5t ) its true antec$5t or antec$5ts4 ,example ( error3 ,! second book ( ! neid is "o ( ! greate/ ma/]pieces t ev] 0 execut$ by any h&4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dci4 ,"h ! true antec$5t is ma/]pieces1 & n ! ^w "o2 b 0 execut$ is s+ul>1 & by any h& implies b "o ag5t4 ,ei!r say1 ,x is "o ( ! greate/ ma/]pieces t ev] 7 execut$2 or else1 ,x is ! greate/ ma/]piece t ev] 0 execut$ by any h&4 ,b ^! ass]tions diff] mu* 9 _! import4 ,,note ,,ii4--,! adjuncts ( ! nom9ative d n control its agreem5t ) ! v]b2 z1 ,six mon?s' int]e/ 0 due4 ,! progress ( 8 =ces 0 imp$$4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,! %ip1 ) all h] furniture1 0 de/roy$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,all appe>ances ( mode/y are fav\rable & prepossess+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjh4 ,! p[] ( reli%+ natural enjoym5ts is soon gone4--,full]1 on ! ,gospel1 p4 #ace4 ,i1 y\r ma/]1 comm& y 7n comm&s7-- ,la?am's ,h&-,book1 p4 #ccj4cij ,,note ,,iii4--,any phrase1 s5t5ce1 m]e ^w1 or o!r sign1 tak5 z "o :ole1 & made ! subject ( an ass]tion1 requires a v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 z1 ,to lie is base4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,:51 to read & write1 0 ( itself an honor>y di/9ction4--,hazlitt's ,lect41 p4 #dj4 ,to admit a ,god & !n refuse to wor%ip him1 is a mod]n & inconsi/5t practice4--,full]1 on ! ,gospel1 p4 #cj4 ,we is a p]sonal pron\n4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bbg4 ,? has two s\nds4--,ib41 p4 #afa4 ,! 's is annex$ to ea*4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,ld4 /&s = "l4--,web/]'s ,am]ican ,dict41 #hvo4 ,,note ,,iv4--,! pronom9al adjectives1 ea*1 "o1#cia ei!r1 & nei!r1 are always 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>2 &1 :5 !y are ! lead+ words 9 _! clauses1 !y require v]bs & pron\ns to agree ) !m accord+ly3 z1 ,ea* ( y is entitl$ to 8 %>e4--,let no "o deceive himself4 ,,note ,v4--,a neut] or a passive v]b betwe5 two nom9atives %\ld be made to agree ) t :i* prec$es x2#cib z1 ,words are w9d3 except :5 ! t]ms are transpos$1 & ! prop] subject is put aft] ! v]b by "q or hyp]baton2 z1 ,8 pavilion 7 d>k wat]s & ?ick cl\ds ( ! sky4--,bible4 ,:o art ?\8--,ib4 ,! wages ( s9 is dea?4--,ib4 ,murray1 ,comly1 & o!rs4 ,b1 ( ?is la/ example1 ,*ur*ill says1 ,wages are ! subject1 ( :i* x is affirm$1 t !y are dea?4--,new ,gram41 p4 #cad4 ,if s1 is ought to be are2 unless ,dr4 ,web/] is "r1 :o imag9es wages to be s+ul>1 & cites ?is example to prove x s4 ,see 8 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,,note ,,vi4--,:5 ! v]b _c well be made s+ul>1 ! nom9ative %\ld be made plural1 t !y may agree3 or1 if ! v]b _c be plural1 let ! nom9ative be s+ul>4 ,example ( error3 ,= e "o ( !m "k _! sev]al duties4--,hope ( ,israel1 p4 #gb4 ,say1 ,= all ( !m "k _! sev]al duties4 ,,note ,,vii4--,:5 ! v]b has diff]5t =ms1 t =m %\ld be adopt$1 :i* is ! mo/ consi/5t ) pres5t & reputable usage 9 ! /yle employ$3 ?us1 to say famili>ly1 ,! clock ha? /rick52--,?\ laugh$/ & talk$/1 :5 ?\ oughte/ to h be5 sil5t2--,he reade? & write?1 b he do? n ciph]1 w\ld be no bett]1 ?an to use don't1 won't1 c't1 %an't1 & didn't1 9 prea*+4 ,,note ,,viii4--,e f9ite v]b n 9 ! imp]ative mood1 %\ld h a sep>ate nom9ative express$2 z1 ,i came1 ,i saw1 ,i conqu]$3 except :5 ! v]b is repeat$ = ! sake ( emphasis1 or connect$ to an o!r 9 ! same con/ruction1 or put aft] b or ?an2 z1 ,n an em95t orator has liv$ b is an example ( x4--,w>e4 ,:]e m is meant ?an meets ! e>4--,milton's ,allegro4 7,see ,obs4 #e? & ,obs4 #ah? above47 ,!y bud1 bl[1 )]1 fall1 & die4--,watts4 ,t ev]more 8 tee? !y *att]1 ,*att]1 *att]1 *att] /ill4--,wordswor?4 ,,note ,,ix4--,a future cont+5cy is be/ express$ by a v]b 9 ! subjunctive pres5t2 & a m]e supposition1 ) indef9ite "t1 by a v]b 9 ! subjunctive imp]fect2 b a conditional circum/ance assum$ z a fact1 requires ! indicative mood3#cic z1 ,if ?\ =sake him1 he w ca/ !e (f =ev]4--,bible4 ,if x 7 n s1 ,i w\ld h told y4--,ib4 ,if ?\ w5t1 no?+ w\ld be ga9$4--,?\gh he is poor1 he is cont5t$4--,?\gh he 0 ri*1 yet = y\r sakes he became poor4--#b ,cor41 viii1 #i4 ,,note ,x4--,9 g5]al1 e su* use or ext5sion ( ! subjunctive mood1 z ! read] w be likely to mi/ake = a discord betwe5 ! v]b & its nom9ative1 ought to be avoid$ z an impropriety3 z1 ,we are n s5sible ( disproportion1 till ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! quantities comp>$ become ! mo/ /rik+ circum/ance4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cda4 ,say r1 becomes2 :i* is indicative4 ,till ! g5]al pref]5ce ( c]ta9 =ms h be5 decl>$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 xvii4 ,say1 has be5 decl>$2 = pref]5ce is "h ! nom9ative1 & ,dr4 ,prie/ley himself recognizes no o!r subjunctive t5ses ?an ! pres5t & ! imp]fect2 z1 ,if ?\ love1 ,if ?\ lov$4--,ib41 p4 #af4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,v]b ,,aft] ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,be=e y left ,sicily1 y 0 reconcil$ to ,v]res4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #ai4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! passive v]b 0 reconcil$ is ( ! s+ul> numb]1 & does n agree ) its nom9ative y1 :i* is ( ! second p]son plural4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ad?1 ,e f9ite v]b mu/ agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]4 ,!re=e1 0 reconcil$ %\ld be 7 reconcil$2 ?us1 ,be=e y left ,sicily1 y 7 reconcil$ to ,v]res4 ,kn[+ t y 0 my old ma/]'s good fri5d4--,spect41 ,no4 #eag4 ,:5 ! judge d>e n act1 :]e is ! los]'s rem$y8--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #aca4 ,:i* ext5ds x no f>!r ?an ! v>iation ( ! v]b ext5d4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #baa4 ,!y pres5tly dry )\t hurt1 z myself ha? (t5 prov$4--,rog] ,williams4 ,^: go+s =? ha? be5 f ( old1 f ev]la/+4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces4 ,y 0 paid to fight aga9/ ,alex&]1 n to rail at him4--,port]'s ,analysis1 p4 #gj4 ,:]e m ?an "o "p ( spee* is almo/ always conc]n$4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 viii4 ,no?+ less ?an murd]s1 rap9es1 & conflagrations1 employ _! ?\ghts4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #age4 ,i wond]$ :]e y 01 my de>4--,lloyd's ,poems1 p4 #ahe4 ,:5 ?\ mo/ sweetly s+s4--,drummond ( ,haw?ornd54 ,:o d>e1 at ! pres5t day1 av[ himself equal to ! task8--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #aa4 ,e body are v k9d to h]1 & n disc\rte\s to me4--,byron's ,lett]s4 ,z to :at ?\ says respect+ ! div]sity ( op9ions4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #de4 ,?y nature1 immortality1 :o kn[e/8--,ev]e/'s ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,! natural di/9ction ( sex 9 animals gives rise to :at1 9 gramm>1 is call$ g5d]s4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,"s pa9s has likewise be5 tak54--,scott's ,pref4 to ,bible4 ,& _m a /e$ 9 8 /ables 7 se54--,p5w>ne's ,poems1 p4 #ajh4 ,!y 0 =c$ to eat :at nev] 0 e/eem$ food4--,josephus's ,jewi% ,w>1 ,b4 i1 ,*4 i1 #g4 ,?is t y\rself ha? spok51 ,i desire t !y may take _! oa?s ^u4--,hut*9son's ,mass41 ii1 #dce4 ,by m5 ^: exp]i5ce be/ qualify !m to judge4--,committee on ,lit]ature1 ,n4 ,y4 ,legislature4 ,he d>e v5ture to kill & de/roy sev]al o!r k9ds ( fi%4--,johnson's ,dict1 w4 ,p]*4 ,if a gudgeon meet a roa*1 ,he d>e n v5ture to approa*4--,,swift3 ,ib41 w4 ,roa*4 ,:i* ?\ endeav\rs to e/abli% unto ?yself4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #afd4 ,b !y pray toge!r mu* (t5] ?an ?\ ins9uates4--,ib41 i1 #bae4 ,( p ( all d5om9ations1 ov] :om ?\ preside?4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #aih4 ,i c produce ladies & g5tlem5 ^: progress h be5 a/oni%+4--,*azotte1 on ,tea*+ ,lang41 p4 #fb4 ,:i* ( ^! two k9ds ( vice are m crim9al8--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #aae4 ,e tw5ty-f\r h\rs af=ds to u ! vicissitudes ( day & night4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,e f\r ye>s adds ano!r day4--,ib4 ,e error ,i c\ld f9d1 ,h my busy muse employ$4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #cce4 ,a /udi\s s*ol> des]ve ! approbation ( 8 tea*]4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bbf4 ,p]fect submission to ! rules ( a s*ool indicate good bre$+4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,a comp>ison 9 :i* m ?an two is conc]n$4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,by ! facilities :i* artificial language af=d !m4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,n[ ?yself ha? lo/ bo? lop & top4--,,sp5s]3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,lop4 ,glad tid+s is br\ght to ! poor4--,campbell's ,gospels3 ,luke1 vii1 #bc4 ,^u :i*1 all t is pleasurable1 or affect+ 9 elocution1 *iefly dep5d4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #abi4 ,no pa9s has be5 sp>$ to r5d] ?is "w complete4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iv4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates conta9s m ?an a tw5tie? "p ( ! l& ( ?is globe4--,,de ,,witt ,,cl9ton3 ,cobb's ,n4 ,am]4 ,read]1 p4 #agc4 ,i am m9dful t myself is 7or am7 /rong4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ejj4 ,myself is 7n am7 weak2 ?yself is 7n art7 weak4--,ib41 #dgi4 ,h[ pale ea* wor%ipful & rev]5d gue/ ,rise f a cl]gy or a city fea/6--,pope1 ,sat4 ii1 l4 #ge4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,v]b ,,be=e ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,:]e 0 y born8 ,9 ,london4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #acc4 ,!re is frequ5t occasions = commas4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bha4 ,!re necess>ily foll[s f !nce1 ^! pla9 & unque/ionable consequ5ces4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aia4 ,& to ?is impression contribute ! r$\bl$ ef=t4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #aab4 ,or if he 01 0 !re no spiritual m5 !n8--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #hf4 ,s by ^! two also is signifi$ _! contr>y pr9ciples4--,ib41 iii1 #bjj4 ,9 ! motions made ) ! h&s1 consi/ ! *ief "p ( ge/ure 9 speak+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccf4 ,d>e he assume ! "n ( a popul> magi/rate8--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #adj4 ,!re 0 no damages z 9 ,engl&1 & s ,scott lo/ 8 wag]4--,byron4 ,9 fact !re exi/s su* resemblances4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #fd4 ,to him give? all ! prophets witness4--,crewdson's ,beacon1 p4 #gi4 ,t !re 0 s _m witnesses & actors4--,addison's ,evid5ces1 p4 #cg4 ,h[ does ?is man's def9itions /& affect$8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #acf4 ,:5ce comes all ! p[]s & pr]ogatives ( rational be+s8--,ib41 p4 #add4 ,nor does ! ,scriptures cit$ by !e prove ?y int5t4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #aee4 ,nor d ! ,scripture cit$ by !e prove ! contr>y4--,ib41 i1 #baa4 ,:y !n cite ?\ a ,scripture :i* is s pla9 & cle> = x8--,ib41 i1 #afc4 ,b :at sai? ! ,scriptures z to respect ( p]sons among ,*ri/ians8--,ib41 i1 #djd4 ,b 9 ! m9d ( man1 :ile 9 ! savage /ate1 !re seems to be h>dly any ideas b :at ent] by ! s5ses4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 i1 #bhi4 ,:at s\nds h ea* ( ! v[els8--,griscom's ,que/ions4 ,out ( ?is has gr[n up ari/ocracies1 mon>*ies1 despotisms1 tyrannies4--,br[nson's ,elwood1 p4 #bbb4 ,& !re 0 tak5 up1 ( fragm5ts t rema9$ to !m1 twelve baskets4-- ,luke1 ix1 #ag4 ,!re seems to be b two g5]al classes4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,h5ce arises ! six =ms ( express+ "t4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,!re seems to be no o!r words requir$4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 p4 #bh4 ,if !re is two1 ! second increm5t is ! syllable next ! la/4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 #ab? ,ed41 p4 #bha4 ,h5ce arises ! foll[+ advantages4--,id41 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #ahdi1 p4 #fg4 ,!re is no data by :i* x c be e/imat$4--,j4 ,c4 ,calh\n's ,spee*1 ,m>* #d1 #ahej4 ,to ?is class belong ! ,*9ese language1 9 :i* we h no?+ b nak$ roots4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #bg4 ,!re 0 sev]al o!r grotesque figures t pres5t$ !mselves4-- ,spect41 ,no4 #agc4 ,9 ^! consi/ t sov]eign good :i* anci5t sages s mu* extol4--,p]cival's ,tales1 ii1 #bba4 ,"h comes ^? ,i h done good to aga9/ my w4--,%ak41 ,%rew4 ,:]e !re is m ?an "o auxili>y4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,on me to ca/ ^? eyes :]e %9e nobility4 --,,sidney3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,"h's half-p5ce 9 pl5ty1 = "o y'll h tw5ty4 --,swift's ,poems1 p4 #cdg4 ,ah1 ,jockey1 ill advises ?\1 ,i wis1 ,to ?9k ( songs at su* a "t z ?is4 --,*ur*ill1 p4 #ah4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,relative ,,& ,,v]b4 ,?\ :o loves u1 wilt protect u /ill4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,to use t ende>+ language1 ,our ,fa!r1 :o is 9 heav5--,bates's ,doctr9es1 p4 #ajc4 ,resembl+ ! passions t produce? ^! actions4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aeg4 ,except dw>f1 grief1 ho(1 muff1 c4 :i* takes s to make ! plural4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,z ! cattle t goe? be=e me & ! *ildr5 be able to endure4-- ,g54 xxxiii1 #ad ,:]e is ! man :o d>e affirm t su* an action is mad8--,w]t]4 ,! n9? book ( ,livy af=ds "o ( ! mo/ beautiful exemplifications ( hi/orical pa9t+1 t is any :]e to be met )4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cfj4 ,9 "s /udies too1 t relate to ta/e & f9e writ+1 :i* is our object1 c4--,ib41 p4 #cdi4 ,( ^? affect+ situations1 :i* makes man's he>t feel = man4--,ib41 p4 #dfd4 ,we see v pla9ly1 t x is nei!r ,osmyn1 nor ,jane ,%ore1 t speak4--,ib41 p4 #dfh4 ,x %\ld assume t briskness & ease1 :i* is suit$ to ! fre$om ( dialogue4--,ib41 p4 #dfi4 ,yet !y grant1 t none ought to be admitt$ into ! m9i/ry1 b su* z is truly pi\s4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #adg4 ,?is lett] is "o ( ! be/ t has be5 writt5 ab\t ,"l ,byron4--,hunt's ,byron1 p4 #aai4 ,?us1 besides :at 0 sunk1 ! ,a!nians took above two hundr$ %ips4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #ajb4 ,to h made & decl>$ su* ord]s z 0 necess>y4--,hut*9son's ,hi/41 i1 #dgj4 ,! idea ( su* a collection ( m5 z make an army4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #bag4 ,i'm n ! fir/ t h be5 wret*$4--,s\!rn's ,94 ,ad41 ,act #b4 ,& ! fa9t sp>ks ( x1 :i* is 9 ! angels1 are conceal$ f our view4--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 ,b4 i1 ,*4 #aa4 ,! subjects are ( su* a nature1 z all[ room = mu* div]sity ( ta/e & s5tim5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 ,pref41 p4 #e4 ,x is 9 ord] to propose examples ( su* p]fection1 z are n to be f\nd 9 ! real examples ( society4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #af4 ,i d n believe t he w\ld amuse himself ) su* fool]ies z has be5 attribut$ to him4--,ib41 p4 #bah4 ,t %eph]d1 :o fir/ taught/ ! *os5 se$4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bch4 ,) respect to ! vehem5ce & w>m? :i* is all[$ 9 popul> eloqu5ce4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfa4 ,ambition is "o ( ^? passions t is nev] to be satisfi$4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #cf4 ,?\ wa/ he t l$de/ out & br\ghte/ 9 ,israel4--#b ,samuel1 v1 #b2 & #a ,*ron41 xi1 #b4 ,art ?\ ! man ( ,god t came/ f ,judah8--#a ,k+s1 xiii1 #ad4 ,h[ beauty is excell'd by manly grace ,& wisdom1 :i* alone is truly fair4--,milton1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #dij4 ,:at art ?\1 speak1 t on designs unkn[n1 ,:ile o!rs sleep1 ?us range ! camp alone8--,pope1 ,il41 x1 #ij4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,nom9ative ,,) ,,adjuncts4 ,! lit]al s5se ( ! words are1 t ! action _h be5 done4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 i1 #fe4 ,! rapidity ( 8 movem5ts 7 beyond example4--,wells's ,hi/41 p4 #afa4 ,murray's ,gramm>1 toge!r ) 8 ,ex]cises & ,key1 h ne>ly sup]s$$ e ?+ else ( ! k9d4--,,evan',s ,,rec43 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ii1 #cje4 ,! me*anism ( clocks & wat*es 7 totally unkn[n4--,,hume3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,! x1 toge!r ) ! v]b to be1 express /ates ( be+4--,cobbett's ,eng4 ,gram41 #aij4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! pr(use v>iety ( objects 9 "s natural l&scapes1 nei!r bre$ confusion nor fatigue4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bff4 ,su* a clatt] ( s\nds indicate rage & f]ocity4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #aie4 ,"o ( ! fields make ?reescore squ>e y>ds1 & ! o!r only fifty-five4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #h4 ,! happy effects ( ?is fable is wor? att5d+ to4--,bailey's ,ovid1 p4 x4 ,yet ! glori\s s]5ity ( its p>t+ rays /ill l+] ) u4--,g\ld's ,advocate4 ,en\gh ( its =m & =ce are reta9$ to r5d] !m uneasy4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #bfa4 ,! works ( nature1 9 ?is respect1 is extremely regul>4--,dr4 ,pratt's ,w]t]4 ,no small addition ( exotic & =eign words & phrases h be5 made by comm]ce4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #aj4 ,! dialect ( "s n\ns are tak5 notice ( 9 ! notes4--,milnes1 ,greek ,gram41 p4 #bee4 ,x has be5 said1 t a discov]y ( ! full res\rces ( ! arts1 af=d ! means ( debasem5t1 or ( p]v]sion4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 xxvii4 ,by :i* means ! ,ord] ( ! ,words are di/urb$4--,holmes's ,rhet41 ,b4 i1 p4 #eg4 ,! tw(old influ5ce ( ^! & ! o!rs require ! ass]t] to be 9 ! plural =m4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bea4 ,& ea* ( ^! af=d employm5t4--,p]cival's ,tales1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #age4 ,! pronunciation ( ! v[els are be/ expla9$ "u ! rules relative to ! consonants4--,co>'s ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,! judicial p[] ( ^! c\rts ext5d to all cases 9 law & equity4--,hall & ,bak]'s ,s*ool ,hi/41 p4 #bhf4 ,"o ( y h /ol5 my money4--,rational ,humori/1 p4 #de4 ,su* r$undancy ( epi!ts1 in/ead ( pleas+1 produce satiety & disgu/4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bef4 ,x has be5 alleg$1 t a compliance ) ! rules ( ,rhetoric1 t5d to cramp ! m9d4--,hiley's ,gram41 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #ahg4 ,ea* ( ^! are pres5t$ to u 9 diff]5t relations--,h5drick's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #cd4 ,! pa/ t5se ( ^! v]bs1 %\ld1 w\ld1 might1 c\ld1 are v indef9ite ) respect to "t4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #cc2 #e? ,ed41 p4 #ca4 ,! p[] ( ! words1 :i* are said to gov]n ?is mood1 are di/9ctly und]/ood4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 ,ed4 ( #ahba1 p4 #cc4 ,& n[1 at l5g?1 ! fat$ t]m ( ye>s ,! _w's desire h br\ght1 & lo6 ! ,god appe>s4 --,dr4 ,l[?1 on ! ,g5ealogy ( ,*ri/4 ,v>iety ( ,numb]s /ill belong ,to ! s(t ,melody ( ,ode or ,song4 --,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,composite ,,or ,,conv]t$ ,,subjects4 ,_m are ! works ( human indu/ry1 :i* to beg9 & f9i% are h>dly grant$ to ! same man4--,johnson1 ,adv4 to ,dict4 ,to lay d[n rules = ^! are z inefficaci\s4--,dr4 ,pratt's ,w]t]1 p4 #ai4 ,to pr(ess reg>d1 & to act diff]5tly1 discov] a base m9d4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 p4 #bjf4 ,see also ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 #hb & #aab2 ,l5nie's1 #eh4 ,to magnify to ! height ( wond] ?+s great1 new1 & admirable1 extremely please ! m9d ( man4--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,9 ?is passage1 accord+ z are us$ 9 a mann] :i* is v common4--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,a cause de are call$ a preposition2 a cause que1 a conjunction4--,,dr4 ,,web/]3 ,knick]bock]1 #ahcf4 ,to ^! are giv5 to speak 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4--,! ,fri5d1 vii1 #bef4 ,:ile :eat has no plural1 oats h seldom any s+ul>4--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram4 #da4 ,he _c ass]t t ll are ins]t$ 9 fullness to d5ote ! s\nd ( u4--,cobb's ,review ( ,web/]1 p4 #aa4 * h ! p[] ( k4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ti1 be=e a v[el1 & unacc5t$1 h ! s\nd ( si or ci4--,ibid4 ,9 words d]iv$ f ! ,fr5*1 z *agr91 *ican]y1 & *aise1 * are s\nd$ l %4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,b 9 ! ^w s*ism1 s*ismatic1 c41 ! * are sil5t4--,ibid4 ,ph are always s\nd$ l f1 at ! beg9n+ ( words4--,bucke's ,gram4 ,ph h ! s\nd ( f z 9 philosophy4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aa4 ,% h "o s\nd only z 9 %all4--,ib4 ,? h two s\nds4--,ib4 ,sc h ! s\nd ( sk1 be=e a1 o1 u1 & r4--,ib4 ,aw1 h ! s\nd ( a 9 hall4--,bolles's ,spell+-,book1 p4 vi4 ,ew1 s\nd l u4--,ib4 ,ow1 :5 bo? s\nd$1 h ! s\nd ( ou4--,ib4 ,ui1 :5 bo? pron\nc$ 9 "o syllable s\nd l wi 9 languid4--,ib4 ,ui ?ree sev]al ,sorts ( ,s\nd express1 ,z ,guile1 rebuild1 ,bruise & ,recruit confess4 --,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,ea*1 ,,"o1 ,,ei!r1 ,,& ,,nei!r4 ,:5 ea* ( ! lett]s :i* compose ?is ^w1 h be5 le>n$4--,dr4 ,weeks1 on ,or?og41 p4 #bb4 ,z nei!r ( u d5y t bo? ,hom] & ,virgil h great beauties4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ba4 ,yet nei!r ( !m are rem>kable = precision4--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,h[ f> ea* ( ! ?ree great epic poets h di/+ui%$ !mselves4--,ib41 p4 #dbg4 ,ea* ( ^! produce a sep>ate agreeable s5sation4--,ib41 p4 #dh4 ,on ! ,"l's day e "o ( u ,*ri/ians keep ! sabba?4--,tr4 ( ,ir5u4 ,& ea* ( !m be> ! image ( purity & hol9ess4--,hope ( ,israel1 p4 #ha4 ,7 ei!r ( ^! meet+s ev] ackn[l$g$ or recogniz$8--,fo/]'s ,report1 i1 #if4 ,:il/ nei!r ( ^! lett]s exi/ 9 ! ,eugubian inscription4--,knight1 on ,greek ,alph41 p4 #abb4 ,& nei!r ( !m are prop]ly t]m$ indef9ite4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,z likewise ( ! sev]al subjects1 :i* h 9 effect ea* _! v]b4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,sometimes :5 ! ^w ends 9 s1 nei!r ( ! signs are us$4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,& z nei!r ( ^! mann]s (f5d ! e>4--,walk]'s ,dict41 ,pref41 p4 #e4 ,nei!r ( ^! two ,t5ses are conf9$ to ?is signification only4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cci4 ,b nei!r ( ^! circum/ances are int5d$ "h4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ii1 #bcg4 ,s t all are indebt$ to ea*1 & ea* are dep5d5t ^u all4--,am4 ,bible ,society's ,rep41 #ahch1 p4 #hi4 ,& yet nei!r ( !m express any m action 9 ?is case ?an !y did 9 ! o!r4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bja4 ,ea* ( ^! expressions d5ote action4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,nei!r ( ^! moods seem to be def9$ by di/9ct b\nd>ies4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,nei!r ( ^! solutions are correct4-- ,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bcf4 ,nei!r be> any sign ( case at all4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #bag4 ,ea* 9 _! turn l ,banquo's mon>*s /alk4--,byron4 ,& tell :at ea* ( !m by ?'o!r lose4--,%ak41 ,cori41 iii1 #b4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,v]b ,,betwe5 ,,two ,,nom9atives4 ,! qu>rels ( lov]s is a r5ewal ( love4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #aef2 ,alex&]'s1 #di2 ,g\ld's1 #aei2 ,bullions's1 #bjf4 ,two dots1 "o plac$ above ! o!r1 is call$ ,%eva4--,dr4 ,wilson's ,heb4 ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,a few c5turies1 m or less1 is a matt] ( small consequ5ce4--,ib4 p4 #ca4 ,pictures 7 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! art ( writ+4 ,hi]oglyphicks 0 ! second /ep4--,p>k]'s ,engli% ,composition1 p4 #bg4 ,! comel9ess ( y\? are mode/y & frankness2 ( age1 condesc5sion & dignity4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aff4 ,m]it & good works is ! end ( man's motion4--,"l ,bacon4 ,div]s philosoph]s hold t ! lips is p>cel ( ! m9d4--,%akspe>e4 ,! clo?+ ( ! natives 7 ! sk9s ( wild bea/s4--,indian ,w>s1 p4 #ib4 ,prepossessions 9 favor ( our nativ t[n1 is n a matt] ( surprise4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bag4 ,two %ill+s & six p5ce is half a cr[n1 b n a half cr[n4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aej2 ,bicknell's1 ii1 #ec4 ,two v[els1 pron\nc$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice1 & unit+ 9 "o s\nd1 is call$ a dip?ong4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,two or m s5t5ces unit$ toge!r is call$ a ,comp\nd ,s5t5ce4--,p4 ,e4 ,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,two or m words rightly put toge!r1 b n complet+ an entire proposition1 is call$ a ,phrase4--,ibid4 ,b ! common ,numb] ( ,times are five4--,! ,briti% ,gramm>1 p4 #abb4 ,te*nical t]ms1 injudici\sly introduc$1 is ano!r s\rce ( d>kness 9 composition4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ajg4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! great middle division ( ,nor? ,am]ica4--,morse's ,geog41 p4 #dd4 ,a great cause ( ! l[ /ate ( indu/ry 7 ! re/ra9ts put ^u x4--,,hume3 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ade2 ,+]soll's1 #agb2 ,sanborn's1 #aib2 ,smi?'s1 #abc2 & o!rs4 ,"h two tall %ips becomes ! victor's prey4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #ajih4 ,! exp5ses incid5t to an outfit is surely no object4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 iii41 p4 #bjj4 ,p]haps _! loves1 or else _! %eep1 ,0 all t did _! silly ?\ghts s busy keep4--,milton4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,*ange ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,mu* pa9s has be5 tak5 to expla9 all ! k9ds ( words4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram4 p4 #abh4 ,n less "t ?an ?ree ye>s are sp5t 9 atta9+ ?is faculty4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bh4 ,:]e ?is night are met 9 /ate ,_m a fri5d to gratulate ,8 wi%'d pres5ce4--,milton's ,comus4 l4 #idh4 ,peace6 my d>l+1 "h's no dang]1 ,"h's no ox5 ne> ?y b$4--,watts4 ,b e "o ( ^! are m]e conjectures1 & "s ( !m v unhappy ones4--,col]idge's ,introduction1 p4 #fa4 ,! old !ori/s1 call+ ! ,int]rogatives & ,repli]s1 adv]bs1 is only a "p ( _! regul> sy/em ( nam+ words4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cgd4 ,:]e a s]ies ( s5t5ces occur1 place !m 9 ! ord] 9 :i* ! facts occur4--,ib41 p4 #bfd4 ,& t ! :ole 9 conjunction make a regul> *a9 ( causes & effects4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bge4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,grecian1 & ,roman republics1 ?\gh equally involv$ 9 ! obscurities & unc]ta9ties ( fabul\s ev5ts1 pres5t "o rem>kable di/9ction4--,adam's ,rhet41 i1 #ie4 ,9 ^! respects1 mank9d is left by nature an un=m$1 unf9i%$ creature4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #add4 ,! scripture are ! oracles ( ,god himself4--,,hook]3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,oracle4 ,& at our gates are all mann] ( pleasant fruits4--,solomon's ,song1 vii1 #ac4 ,! pret]it ( pluck1 look1 & toss are1 9 spee*1 pron\nc$ pluckt1 lookt1 tos/4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 #fh4 ,sev]e ! doom t l5g? ( days impose1 ,to /& sad witness ( unnumb]'d woes6--,melmo?4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,adapt ,,=m ,,to ,,/yle4 #a4 ,=ms n prop] = ! ,common or ,famili> ,/yle4 ,0 x ?\ t build$/ t h\se8--,in/41 p4 #aea4 ,t boy write? v elegantly4--,ib4 ,c\lde/ n ?\ write )\t blott+ ?y book8--,ib4 ,?9ke/ ?\ n x w ra9 to-day8--,ib4 ,do? n y\r c\s9 int5d to visit y8--,ib4 ,t boy ha? torn my book4--,ib4 ,0 x ?\ t spreade/ ! hay8--,ib4 ,0 x ,james1 or ?\1 t did/ let him 98--,ib4 ,he d>e? n say a ^w4--,ib4 ,?\ /oode/ 9 my way & h9d]$/ me4--,ib4 ,:om see ,i8--,:om see/ ?\ n[8--,:om sees he8--,:om love/ ?\ mo/8--,:at do/ ?\ to-day8--,:at p]son see/ ?\ tea*+ t boy8--,he ha? two new knives4--,:i* road take/ ?\8--,:at *ild tea*es he8--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,?\1 :o make/ my %oes1 selle/ _m m4--,ib41 p4 #fg4 ,! ,engli% language ha? be5 mu* cultivat$ dur+ ! la/ two hundr$ ye>s4 ,x ha? be5 consid]ably poli%$ & ref9$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iii4 ,?is /ile is o/5tati\s1 & do? n suit grave writ+4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,b cu/om ha? n[ appropriat$ :o to p]sons1 & :i* to ?+s4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,! indicative mood %ewe? or decl>e?2 z1 ,ego amo1 ,i love3 or else aske? a "q2 z1 ,amas tu8 ,do/ ?\ love8--,paul's ,accid5ce1 ,ed4 ( #agic1 p4 #af4 ,?\gh ?\ can/ n d mu* = ! cause1 ?\ may/ & %\ld/ d some?+4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,! support ( s _m ( 8 relations1 0 a heavy task2 b ?\ kn[e/ he paid x *e]fully4--,murray's ,key1 ,r4 #a1 p4 #ahj4 ,x may1 & (t5 do?1 come %ort ( x4--,campbell's ,rhetoric1 p4 #afj4 ',twas ?\1 :o1 :ile ?\ seem'd/ to *ide1 ,to give me all ?y pittance tri$4--,mit=d's ,blan*1 p4 #gh4 #b4 ,=ms n prop] = ! ,solemn or ,biblical ,/yle4 ,! ,"l has prepaid 8 ?rone 9 ! heav5s2 & 8 k+dom rules ov] all4--,see ,key4 ,?\ answ]'d !m1 ,o ,"l our ,god3 ?\ 0 a ,god t =gave !m1 ?\gh ?\ took v5geance ( _! inv5tions4--,see ,key4 ,!n ?\ spoke 9 vision to ?y ,holy ,"o1 & said1 ,i h laid help ^u "o t is mighty4--,see ,key4 ,s !n1 x is n ( him t wills1 nor ( him t rules1 b ( ,god t %[s m]cy2 :o disp5ses 8 bless+s1 :e!r temporal or spiritual1 z seems good 9 8 sight4--,see ,key4 ,?\1 ! mean :ile1 0 bl5d+ ) my ?\ght2 ,yea1 ) my life1 & life's own secret joy4--,col]idge4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,express ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,:o is "h s base1 t w\ld be a bondman8--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #bdi4 ,:o is "h s rude1 t w\ld n be a ,roman8--,ib4 ,!re is n a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd )\t 8 notice4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cjj4 ,9 ord] to adju/ !m s1 z %all consi/ equally ) ! p]spicuity & ! /r5g? ( ! p]iod4--,ib41 p4 #cbd2 ,blair's ,rhet41 #aah4 ,b1 sometimes1 !re is a v]b come/ 94--,cobbett's ,engli% ,gram41 #bdh4 ,mr4 ,pr9ce has a g5ius w\ld prompt him to bett] ?+s4--,spectator1 ,no4 #dff4 ,x is ?is removes t imp5etrable mi/4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #cfb4 ,by ! praise is giv5 him = 8 c\rage4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #bad4 ,!re is no man w\ld be m welcome "h4--,/eele1 ,spect41 ,no4 #edd4 ,betwe5 an antec$5t & a consequ5t1 or :at goes be=e1 & imm$iately foll[s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ada4 ,& z connect$ ) :at goes be=e & foll[s4-- ,ib41 p4 #ced4 ,!re is no man do? a wrong = ! wrong's sake4--,"l ,bacon4 ,all ! v>i\s mis]ies ( life1 :i* p br+ ^u !mselves by neglig5ce & folly1 & might h be5 avoid$ by prop] c>e1 are in/ances ( ?is4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ajh4 ,anci5t philosoph]s h taught _m ?+s 9 fav\r ( morality1 s f> at lea/ z respect ju/ice & goodness t[>ds our fell[-creatures4--,gospel its own ,witness1 p4 #ef4 ,inde$1 if !re be any su*1 h be51 or appe> to be ( u1 z suppose1 !re is n a wise man among u all1 nor an hone/ man1 t is able to judge betwixt 8 bre?r52 we %all n covet to m$dle 9 _! matt]4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ejd4 ,!re 7 t drew back2 !re 7 t made %ipwreck ( fai?3 yea1 !re 7 t br\ght 9 damnable h]esies4--,ib41 i1 #dff4 ,! nature ( ! cause r5d]$ ?is plan altoge!r prop]1 & 9 simil> situations is fit to be imitat$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgd4 ,?is is an idiom to :i* our language is /rongly incl9$1 & 0 =m]ly v preval5t4-- ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,8 roots are wrapp$ ab\t ! heap1 & see? ! place ( /ones4--,job1 viii1 #ag4 ,new ,york1 ,fif?mon? #c;d1 #ahbc4 ,de> fri5d1 ,am sorry to he> ( ?y loss2 b hope x may be retriev$4 ,%\ld be happy to r5d] !e any assi/ance 9 my p[]4 ,%all call to see !e to-morr[ morn+4 ,accept assurances ( my reg>d4 ,a4 ,b4 ,new ,york1 ,may #c;d1 ,p4 ,m41 #ahbc4 ,de> ,sir1 ,h j receiv$ ! k9d note fav\r$ me ) ?is morn+2 & _c =be> to express my gratitude to y4 ,on fur!r in=mation1 f9d h n lo/ s mu* z at fir/ suppos$2 & believe %all /ill be able to meet all my engagem5ts4 ,%\ld1 h[ev]1 be happy to see y4 ,accept1 de> sir1 my mo/ cordial ?anks4 ,c4 ,d4--,see ,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #aea4 ,w m>tial flames =ev] fire ?y m9d1 ,& nev]1 nev] be to ,heav5 resign'd8--,pope1 ,odys41 xii1 #ade4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,application ,,( ,,moods4 ,fir/ ,clause ( ! ,note4--,= ! ,subjunctive ,pres5t4 ,he w n be p>don$1 unless he rep5ts4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #aia4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b rep5ts1 :i* is "h us$ to express a future cont+5cy1 is 9 ! indicative mood4 ,b1 accord+ to ! fir/ clause ( ,note #i? to ,rule #ad?1 ,a future cont+5cy is be/ express$ by a v]b 9 ! subjunctive pres5t4 ,!re=e1 rep5ts %\ld be rep5t2 ?us1 ,he w n be p>don$1 unless he rep5t4 ,if ?\ f9de/ any k]nelwort 9 ?is m>%y mead[1 br+ x to me4--,neef's ,me?od ( ,tea*+1 p4 #beh4 ,if ?\ leave/ ! room1 d n =get to %ut t draw]4--,ib41 p4 #bdf4 ,if ?\ graspe/ x /\tly1 ?\ wilt n be hurt4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,on condition t he comes1 ,i w cons5t to /ay4--,murray's ,ex]c41 p4 #gd4 ,if he is b discreet1 he w succe$4--,in/41 p4 #aia4 ,take he$ t ?\ speake/ n to ,jacob4--,ib4 ,if ?\ ca/e/ me (f1 ,i %all be mis]able4-- ,ib4 ,s5d !m to me1 if ?\ please/4--,ib4 ,wat* ! door ( ?y lips1 le/ ?\ utt]e/ folly4--,ib4 ,?\gh a li> speaks ! tru?1 he w h>dly be believ$4--,common ,s*ool ,manual1 ii1 #abd4 ,i w g unless ,i %\ld be ill4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cjj4 ,if ! ^w or words und]/ood are suppli$1 ! true con/ruction w be app>5t4-- ,murray's ,ex]cises 9 ,p>s+1 p4 #ba4 ,unless ?\ %alt see ! propriety ( ! measure1 we %all n desire ?y support4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bji4 ,unless ?\ %\ld/ make a timely retreat1 ! dang] w be unavoidable4--,ib41 p4 #bji4 ,we may live happily1 ?\gh our possessions are small4--,ib41 p4 #bjb4 ,if !y are c>efully /udi$1 !y w enable ! /ud5t to p>se all ! ex]cises4--,ib41 ,note1 p4 #afe4 ,if ! acc5t is fairly pres]v$ on ! prop] syllable1 ?is drawl+ s\nd w nev] be he>d4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdb4 ,"o phrase may1 9 po9t ( s5se1 be equival5t to ano!r1 ?\gh its grammatical nature is ess5tially diff]5t4--,ib41 p4 #ajh4 ,if any man obeye? n our ^w by ?is epi/le1 note t man4--,dr4 ,web/]'s ,bible4 ,?y skill w be ! great]1 if ?\ hitte/ x4--,putnam's ,analytical ,read]1 p4 #bjd4 ,?y skill w be ! great] if ?\ hit'/ x4--,cobb's ,n4 ,a4 ,read]1 p4 #cba4 ,we %all ov]take him ?\gh he %\ld run4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aac2 ,murray's1 #bjg2 ,smi?'s1 #agc4 ,we %all be disgu/$ if he gives u too mu*4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #chh4 ,:at is't to !e1 if he neglect ?y urn1 ,or )\t spices lets ?y body burn8--,,dryd53 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,:at4 ,second ,clause ( ,note ,,ix4--,= ! ,subjunctive ,imp]fect4 ,& s w\ld ,i1 if ,i 0 he4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #aia4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b 01 :i* is "h us$ to express a m]e supposition1 ) indef9ite "t1 is 9 ! indicative mood4 ,b1 accord+ to ! second clause ( ,note #i? to ,rule #ad?1 ,a m]e supposition1 ) indef9ite "t1 is be/ express$ by a v]b 9 ! subjunctive imp]fect4 ,!re=e1 0 %\ld be 72 ?us1 ,& s w\ld ,i1 if ,i 7 he4 ,if ,i 0 a ,greek1 ,i %\ld resi/ ,turki% despotism4--,c>dell's ,elem5ts ( ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,if he 0 to g1 he w\ld att5d to y\r bus9ess4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,if ?\ felte/ z ,i d1 we %\ld soon decide4--,in/41 p4 #aia4 ,?\gh ?\ %$de/ ?y blood 9 ! cause1 x w\ld b prove !e s9c]ely a fool4--,ib4 ,if ?\ lov$/ him1 !re w\ld be m evid5ce ( x4--,ib4 ,if ?\ c\ld/ conv9ce him1 he w\ld n act accord+ly4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bji4 ,if !re 0 no lib]ty1 !re w\ld be no real crime4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #aah4 ,if ! h\se 0 burnt d[n1 ! case w\ld be ! same4--,fo/]'s ,report1 i1 #hi4 ,z if ! m9d 0 n always 9 action1 :5 x pref]s any ?+6--,we/1 on ,ag5cy1 p4 #ch4 ,suppose ,i 0 to say1 ',light is a body4'--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #gh4 ,if ei!r oxyg5 or azote 0 omitt$1 life w\ld be de/roy$4--,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #aee4 ,! v]b d>e is sometimes us$ z if x 0 an auxili>y4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acb4 ,a c]ta9 lady1 :om ,i c\ld "n1 if x 0 necess>y4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ecf4 ,if ! e 0 dropp$1 c & g w\ld assume _! h>d s\nds4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #aj4 ,he w\ld no m compreh5d x1 ?an if x 0 ! spee* ( a ,hott5tot4--,neef's ,sket*1 p4 #aab4 ,if ?\ knewe/ ! gift ( ,god1 c4--,john1 iv1 #aj4 ,i wi% ,i 0 at home4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bfj4 ,fact alone does n con/itute "r2 if x does1 g5]al w>rants 7 lawful4--,junius1 ,let4 xliv1 p4 #bje4 ,?\ look'/ ^u ?y boy z ?\gh ?\ guesse/ x4--,putnam's ,analytical ,read]1 p4 #bjb4 ,?\ look'/ ^u ?y boy z ?\gh ?\ guess$/ x4--,cobb's ,n4 ,a4 ,read]1 p4 #cbj4 ,he f\ght z if he _h cont5d$ = life4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,he f\ght z if he _h be5 cont5d+ = 8 life4--,ib41 #ib4 ,! dewdrop gli/5s on ?y leaf1 ,z if ?\ seem'/ to %$ a te>2 ,z if ?\ knew'/ my tale ( grief1 ,felt all my suff]+s sev]e4--,alex4 ,le?am4 ,la/ ,clause ( ,note ,,ix4--,= ! ,indicative ,mood4 ,if he "k ! way1 he does n ne$ a guide4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #aia4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b "k1 :i* is us$ to express a conditional circum/ance assum$ z a fact1 is 9 ! subjunctive mood4 ,b1 accord+ to ! la/ clause ( ,note #i? to ,rule #ad?1 ,a conditional circum/ance assum$ z a fact1 requires ! indicative mood4 ,!re=e1 "k %\ld be kn[s2 ?us1 ,if he kn[s ! way1 he does n ne$ a guide4 ,& if !re be no diff]5ce1 "o ( !m mu/ be sup]flu\s1 & ought to be reject$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adi4 ,i _c say t ,i admire ?is con/ruction1 ?\gh x be mu* us$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,we are disappo9t$1 if ! v]b d n imm$iately foll[ x4--,ib41 p4 #agg4 ,if x 7 !y :o act$ s ungratefully1 !y are d\bly 9 fault4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bbc4 ,if art become app>5t1 x disgu/s ! read]4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #hj4 ,?\gh p]spicuity be m prop]ly a rhetorical ?an a grammatical quality1 ,i ?\ght x bett] to include x 9 ?is book4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bch4 ,al?\gh ! effici5t cause be obscure1 ! f9al cause ( ^? s5sations lies op54--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bi4 ,al?\gh ! b>r5ness ( language1 & ! want ( words be d\btless "o cause ( ! inv5tion ( tropes4--,ib41 p4 #ace4 ,?\gh x en=ce n its in/ructions1 yet x furni%es u ) a great] v>iety4--,ib41 p4 #cec4 ,9 o!r cases1 ?\gh ! idea be "o1 ! words rema9 q sep>ate--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,?\gh ! ,=m ( our language be m simple1 & has t peculi> ,beauty4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 v4 ,human works are ( no significancy till !y be complet$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bde4 ,our disgu/ less5s gradually till x vani% altoge!r4--,ib41 i1 #cch4 ,& our reli% improves by use1 till x arrive at p]fection4--,ib41 i1 #cch4 ,s long z he keep himself 9 8 own prop] elem5t4--,,coke3 ib41 i1 #bcc4 ,:e!r ?is translation 7 ev] publi%$ or n ,i am :olly ignorant4--,sale's ,koran1 i1 #ac4 ,x is false to affirm1 ',z x is day1 x is light1' unless x actually be day4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bdf4 ,b we may at midnight affirm1 ',if x be day1 x is light4'--,ibid4 ,if ! ,bible be true1 x is a volume ( unspeakable int]e/4--,dick9son4 ,?\gh he 7 a son1 yet le>n$ he ob$i5ce by ! ?+s :i* he suff]$4--,heb41 v1 #h4 ,if ,david !n call him ,"l1 h[ is he 8 son8--,matt41 xxii1 #de4 ',tis h>d to say1 if great] want ( skill ,appe> 9 writ+ or 9 judg+ ill4--,pope1 ,ess4 on ,crit4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,false ,,subjunctives4 ,if a man h built a h\se1 ! h\se is 84--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #bhf4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b h built1 :i* ext5ds ! subjunctive mood into ! p]fect t5se1 has ! appe>ance ( disagree+ ) its nom9ative man4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #aj? to ,rule #ad?1 ,e su* use or ext5sion ( ! subjunctive mood1 z ! read] w be likely to mi/ake = a discord betwe5 ! v]b & its nom9ative1 ought to be avoid$ z an impropriety4 ,!re=e1 h built %\ld be has built2 ?us1 ,if a man has built a h\se1 ! h\se is 84 ,if ,god h requir$ !m ( him1 z is ! fact1 he has "t4--,ib41 p4 #cea4 ,unless a previ\s und]/&+ to ! contr>y h be5 _h ) ! ,pr9cipal4--,b]rian's ,circul>1 p4 #e4 ,o if ?\ h ,hid !m 9 "s fl[]y cave4--,milton's ,comus1 l4 #bci4 ,o if ,jove's w ,h l9k$ t amor\s p[] to ?y s(t lay4--,milton1 ,sonnet #a4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood3 ,if ?\ love1 ,if ?\ lov$1 ,if ?\ h lov$1 ,if ?\ _h lov$1 ,if ?\ %all or w love1 ,if ?\ %all or w h lov$4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ga2 ,coop]'s ,murray1 #eh2 ,d4 ,adams's ,gram41 #dh2 & o!rs4 ,till religion1 ! pilot ( ! s\l1 h l5t !e h] unfa?omable coil4--,tupp]'s ,?\ghts1 p4 #agj4 ,:e!r nature or art contribute mo/ to =m an orator1 is a trifl+ inquiry4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cch4 ,ye> aft] ye> /eals some?+ f u2 till ! decay+ fabric tott] ( itself1 & crumble at l5g? into du/4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bbe4 ,if spiritual pride h n entirely vanqui%$ humility4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #ahd4 ,:e!r he h gor$ a son1 or h gor$ a daught]4--,exodus1 xxi1 #ca4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! object introduc$ by way ( simile1 relate to :at goes be=e1 or to :at foll[s4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #de4 ,& bridle 9 ?y headlong wave1 ,till ?\ our summons answ]'d h4--,milt41 ,comus1 l4 #hhg4 ,,rule ,,xv4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,:5 ! nom9ative is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! ,v]b mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]3 z1 ,! c\ncil 7 divid$4--,! college ( c>d9als are ! electors ( ! pope4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #agf4 ,qu9tus ,curtius relates1 t a numb] ( !m 7 dr[n$ 9 ! riv] ,lycus4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #abe4 ,yon ho/ come le>n'd 9 academic rules4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 vii1 #dja4 ,:ile heav5's high ho/ on hallelujahs live4 --,"y's ,n4 ,?41 iv1 #cgh4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xv4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is rule !re are no exceptions2 because1 ! collective n\n be+ a "n :i* ev5 9 ! s+ul> numb] signifies _m1 ! v]b :i* agrees ) x1 c nev] prop]ly be s+ul>1 unless ! collection be tak5 lit]ally z "o aggregate1 & n z convey+ ! idea ( plurality4 ,?us1 ! collective n\n s+ul> be+ 9 g5]al susceptible ( two s5ses1 & consequ5tly admitt+ two modes ( concord1 ! =m ( ! v]b1 :e!r s+ul> or plural1 becomes ! pr9cipal index to ! p>ticul> s5se 9 :i* ! nom9ative is tak54 ,aft] su* a n\n1 we c use ei!r a s+ul> v]b1 agree+ ) x lit]ally1 /rictly1 =mally1 accord+ to ,rule #ad?2 z1 ,! :ole numb] ,,0 two ?\s& & six hundr$2 or a plural "o1 agree+ ) x figuratively1 virtually1 ideally1 accord+ to ,rule #ae?2 z1 ,! :ole numb] ,,7 two ?\s& & six hundr$4--#b ,*ron41 xxvi1 #ab4 ,s1 :5 ! collective n\n is an antec$5t1 ! relative hav+ 9 itself no di/9ction ( ! numb]s1 its v]b becomes ! index to ! s5se ( all ?ree2 z1 ,:]e=e lift up ?y pray] = ! remnant t ,,is left4--,isaiah1 xxxvii1 #d4 ,:]e=e lift up ?y pray] = ! remnant t ,,are left4--#b ,k+s1 xix1 #d4 ,ord9>ily ! ^w remnant conveys no idea ( plurality2 b1 x be+ "h appli$ to p]sons1 & hav+ a mean+ to :i* ! m]e s+ul> neut] n\n is n well adapt$1 ! latt] con/ruction is pref]able to ! =m]4 ,! ,greek v]sion v>ies m 9 ! two places "h cit$2 be+ plural 9 ,isaiah1 & s+ul> 9 ,k+s4 ,! ,lat9 ,vulgate1 9 bo?1 is1 pro reliquiis qu rep]t sunt3 i4e41 = ! rema9s1 or remnants1 t are f\nd4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,dr4 ,adam's rule is ?is3 ,a collective n\n may be jo9$ ) a v]b ei!r ( ! s+ul> or ( ! plural numb]2 z1 ,multitudo /at1 or /ant2 ! multitude /&s1 or /&4--,lat9 & ,engli% ,gram4 ,to ?is doctr9e1 ,l[?1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 add3 ,yet n )\t reg>d to ! import ( ! ^w1 z convey+ unity or plurality ( idea4--,l[?1 p4 #gd2 ,murray1 #aeb4 ,if ^! latt] au?ors mean1 t collective n\ns are p]man5tly divid$ 9 import1 s t "s are inv>iably det]m9$ to ! idea ( unity1 & o!rs to t ( plurality1 !y are wrong 9 pr9ciple2 =1 z ,dr4 ,adam rem>ks1 ,a collective n\n1 :5 jo9$ ) a v]b s+ul>1 expresses _m consid]$ z "o :ole2 b :5 jo9$ ) a v]b plural1 x signifies _m sep>ately1 or z individuals4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,& if ?is alone is :at _! addition means1 x is entirely useless2 & s1 = all ! purposes ( p>s+1 is ! s+ul> half ( ! rule itself4 ,kirkham divides ?is rule into two1 "o = unity ( idea1 & ! o!r = plurality ( idea1 %[s h[ ea* is to be appli$ 9 p>s+1 accord+ to 8 sy/ematick ord]2 & !n1 turn+ r\nd ) a gallant tilt at 8 own "w1 condemns bo?1 z idle fabrications1 :i* x 7 bett] to reject ?an to reta92 alleg+ t1 ,! exi/5ce ( su* a ?+ z 'unity or plurality ( idea1' z applicable to n\ns ( ?is class1 is d\btful4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ei4cid ,h[ !n %all a plural v]b or pron\n1 aft] a collective n\n1 be p>s$1 see+ x does n agree ) ! n\n by ! ord9>y rule ( agreem5t8 ,w any "o say1 t e su* con/ruction is bad ,engli%8 ,if ?is _c be ma9ta9$1 rules elev5? & fifte5? ( ?is s]ies are necess>y4 ,b :5 ! n\n conveys ! idea ( unity or takes ! plural =m1 ! v]b or pron\n has no o!r ?an a lit]al agreem5t by ! common rule2 z1 ,a prie/hood1 su* z ,baal's 0 ( old1 ,a p1 su* z nev] 0 till n[4--,c[p]4 ,,obs4 #c4--,( ! con/ruction ( ! v]b & collective n\n1 a late ,briti% au?or gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,collective n\ns are sub/antives :i* signify _m 9 ! s+ul> numb]4 ,collective n\ns are ( two sorts3 #a4 ,^? :i* _c become plural l o!r sub/antives2 z1 nobility1 mank9d1 c4 #b4 ,^? :i* c be made plural by ! usual rules = a sub/antive2 z1 ',a multitude1 multitudes2 a cr[d1 cr[ds2' c4 ,sub/antives :i* imply plurality 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & consequ5tly h no o!r plural1 g5]ally require a plural v]b4 ,!y are cattle1 cavalry1 cl]gy1 commonalty1 g5try1 laity1 mank9d1 nobility1 peasantry p1 populace1 public1 rabble1 c4 2 z1 ',! public are in=m$4' ,collective n\ns :i* =m a regul> plural1 su* z1 numb]1 numb]s2 multitude1 multitudes2 h1 l all o!r sub/antives1 a s+ul> v]b1 :5 !y are 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 & a plural v]b1 :5 !y are 9 ! plural numb]2 z1 ',a numb] ( p is assembl$2 ,numb]s are assembl$4'--',! fleet 0 disp]s$2 a "p ( x 0 injur$2 ! sev]al p>ts are n[ collect$4'-- ,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abj4 ,to ?is1 8 ma9 text1 ! au?or app5ds a note1 f :i* ! foll[+ passages are extract$3 ,!re are few p]sons acqua9t$ ) ,gramm>1 :o may n h notic$1 9 _m au?ors z well z speak]s1 an irregul>ity 9 suppos+ collective n\ns to h1 at "o "t1 a s+ul> mean+1 & consequ5tly to require a s+ul> v]b2 &1 at an o!r "t1 to h a plural mean+1 & !re=e to require a plural v]b4 ,?is irregul>ity appe>s to h aris5 f ! want ( a cle> idea ( ! nature ( a collective n\n4 ,?is defect ! au?or has endeav\r$ to supply2 &1 ^u 8 def9ition1 he has f\nd$ ! two rules above4 ,x is all[$ on all sides t1 hi!rto1 no satisfactory rules h be5 produc$ to enable ! pupil to asc]ta91 ) any degree ( c]ta9ty1 :5 a collective n\n %\ld h a s+ul> v]b1 & :5 a plural "o4 ,a rule t simply tells its exam9]1 t :5 a collective n\n 9 ! nom9ative case conveys ! idea ( unity1 its v]b %\ld be s+ul>2 & :5 x implies plurality1 its v]b %\ld be plural1 is ( v little value2 = su* a rule w prove ! pupil's be+ 9 ! "r1 :e!r he %\ld put ! v]b 9 ! s+ul> or ! plural4--,ibid4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! =ego+ explanation has _m faults2 & :oev] tru/s to x1 or to any ?+ l x1 w c]ta9ly be v mu* misl$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is rem>kable t an au?or :o c\ld suspect 9 o!rs ! want ( a cle> idea ( ! nature ( a collective n\n1 %\ld h hop$ to supply ! defect by a def9ition s ambigu\s & ill-writt5 z is ! "o above4 ,secondly1 8 subdivision ( ?is class ( n\ns into two sorts1 is bo? baseless & nugatory2 = t plurality :i* has ref]5ce to ! individuals ( an assemblage1 has no mann] ( connexion or aff9ity ) t :i* ref]s to m ?an "o su* aggregate2 nor is !re any int]f]5ce ( ! "o ) ! o!r1 or any gr\nd at all = suppos+ t ! abs5ce ( ! latt] is1 has be51 or ought to be1 ! occasion = adopt+ ! =m]4 ,h5ce1 ?irdly1 8 two rules1 7?\gh1 s f> z !y g1 !y seem n untrue 9 !mselves17 by _! limitation "u ?is false division1 exclude & d5y ! true con/ruction ( ! v]b ) ! great] "p ( our collective n\ns4 ,=1 f\r?ly1 ! fir/ ( ^! rules ra%ly presumes t any collective n\n :i* 9 ! s+ul> numb] implies a plurality ( individuals1 is consequ5tly de/itute ( any o!r plural2 & ! second accord+ly supposes t no su* n\ns z1 c\ncil1 committee1 jury1 meet+1 society1 assembly1 c\rt1 college1 company1 army1 ho/1 b&1 ret9ue1 tra91 multitude1 numb]1 "p1 half1 portion1 majority1 m9ority1 rema9d]1 set1 sort1 k9d1 class1 nation1 tribe1 family1 race1 & a hundr$ m1 c ev] be prop]ly us$ ) a plural v]b1 except :5 !y assume ! plural =m4 ,to prove ! falsity ( ?is supposition1 is ne$less4 ,&1 f9ally1 ! objection :i* ?is au?or advances aga9/ ! common rules1 is v f> f prov+ !m useless1 or n greatly pref]able to 8 own4 ,if !y d n 9 e in/ance enable ! /ud5t to asc]ta9 ) c]ta9ty :i* =m ( concord he ought to pref]1 x is only because no rules c possibly tell a man precisely :5 he ought to ent]ta9 ! idea ( unity1 & :5 t ( plurality4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ^! ideas are unavoidably mix$ or associat$1 s t x is ( little or no consequ5ce :i* =m ( ! v]b we pref]2 z1 ,behold1 ! p ,,is "o1 & !y h all "o language4--,g541 xi1 #f4 ,well1 if a k+'s a lion1 at ! lea/ ,! p ,,are a _m-head$ bea/4--,pope1 ,epi/4 i1 l4 #abj4 ,,obs4 #e4--,l9dley ,murray says1 ,on _m occasions1 :]e a n\n ( multitude is us$1 x is v difficult to decide1 :e!r ! v]b %\ld be 9 ! s+ul>1 or 9 ! plural numb]2 & ?is difficulty has induc$ "s gramm>ians to cut ! knot at once1 & to ass]t t e n\n ( multitude mu/ always be consid]$ z convey+ ! idea ( unity4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,:at ^! occasions1 or :o ^! gramm>ians1 are1 ,i "k n2 b x is c]ta9 t ! difficulty "h imag9$ does n conc]n ! application ( su* rules z require ! v]b & pron\n to con=m to ! s5se int5d$2 &1 :]e !re is no app>5t impropriety 9 adopt+ ei!r numb]1 !re is no occasion to raise a scruple z to :i* is "r4 ,to cut knots by dogmatism1 & to tie !m by sophi/ry1 are employm5ts equally va94 ,x _c be d5i$ t !re are 9 e multitude bo? a unity & a plurality1 "o or ! o!r ( :i* mu/ be pref]r$ z ! pr9ciple ( concord = ! v]b or ! pron\n1 or = bo?4 ,nor is ! numb] ( n\ns small1 or _! use unfrequ5t1 :i*1 accord+ to our be/ au?ors1 admit ( ei!r con/ruction3 ?\gh ,kirkham assails & repudiates 8 own rules1 because1 ,_! application is q limit$4--,gramm> 9 ,famili> ,lectures1 p4 #ei4 ,,obs4 #f4--,murray's doctr9e seems to be1 n t collective n\ns are g5]ally susceptible ( two s5ses 9 respect to numb]1 b t "s naturally convey ! idea ( unity1 o!rs1 t ( plurality1 & a few1 ei!r ( ^! s5ses4 ,! la/1 :i* are probably t5 times m num]\s ?an all ! re/1 he someh[ m]ges or =gets1 s z to speak ( two classes only3 say+1 ,"s n\ns ( multitude c]ta9ly convey to ! m9d an idea ( plurality1 o!rs1 t ( a :ole z "o ?+1 & o!rs aga91 sometimes t ( unity1 & sometimes t ( plurality4 ,on ?is gr\nd1 x is w>rantable1 & consi/5t ) ! nature ( ?+s1 to apply a plural v]b & pron\n to ! "o class1 & a s+ul> v]b & pron\n to ! o!r4 ,we %all imm$iately p]ceive ! impropriety ( ! foll[+ con/ructions3 ',! cl]gy has )drawn itself f ! temporal c\rts2' ',! assembly 0 divid$ 9 its op9ion2' c4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,! simple fact is1 t cl]gy1 assembly1 & p]haps e o!r collective n\n1 may sometimes convey ! idea ( unity1 & sometimes t ( plurality2 b an op9ion or a volunt>y )draw+ is a p]sonal act or quality2 :]e=e x is "h m consi/5t to adopt ! plural s5se & con/ruction1 9 :i* alone we take ! collection z individuals1 or p]sons4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,al?\gh a uni=mity ( numb] is g5]ally pref]able to div]sity1 9 ! con/ruction ( words t ref] to ! same collective n\n3 & al?\gh _m gramm>ians d5y t any dep>ture f su* uni=mity is all[able2 yet1 if ! s+ul> be put fir/1 a plural pron\n may sometimes foll[ )\t obvi\s impropriety3 z1 ,s ,judah 0 c>ri$ away out ( _! l&4--#b ,k+s1 xxv1 #ba4 ,israel is reprov$ & ?reat5$ = _! impiety & idolatry4--,fri5ds' ,bible1 ,hosea1 x4 ,!re is ! enemy :o wait to give u battle4--,murray's ,introductory ,read]1 p4 #cf4 ,:5 ! idea ( plurality pr$om9ates 9 ! au?or's m9d1 a plural v]b is sometimes us$ be=e a collective n\n t has ! s+ul> article an or a2 z1 ,!re are a sort ( au?ors1 :o seem to take up ) appe>ances4-- ,addison4 ,"h are a numb] ( facts or incid5ts lead+ to ! end 9 view4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bif4 ,!re are a great numb] ( exce$+ly good writ]s among ! ,fr5*4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,!re 9 ! =um sw>m a num]\s tra91 ,! subject ( debate a t[nsman sla94 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 xviii1 l4 #egh4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,collective n\ns1 :5 !y are m]ely p>titive ( ! plural1 l ! words sort & numb] above1 are usually connect$ ) a plural v]b1 ev5 ?\gh !y h a s+ul> def9itive2 z1 ,& ?is sort ( adv]bs commonly admit ( ,comp>ison4--,bu*anan's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #fd4 ,"h1 p]haps1 x w\ld be bett] to say1 ,adv]bs ( ?is sort commonly admit ( comp>ison4 ,a "p ( ! exports consi/ ( raw silk4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,?is con/ruction is c5sur$ by ,murray1 9 8 octavo ,gram41 p4 #adh2 :]e we are told1 t ! v]b %\ld agree ) ! fir/ n\n only4 ,dr4 ,web/] alludes to ?is circum/ance1 9 improv+ 8 gramm>1 & admits t1 ,a "p ( ! exports consi/s1 seems to be m correct4--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,yet he reta9s 8 orig9al text1 & obvi\sly ?9ks x a light ?+1 t1 9 "s cases1 8 rules or examples may n be v9dicable4 7,see ,obs4 #ad?1 #ae?1 & #af?1 on ,rule #ad?1 ( ?is code47 ,x w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be bett] to say1 ,! exports consi/ p>tly ( raw silk4 ,aga93 ,a multitude ( ,lat9 words h1 ( late1 be5 p\r$ 9 ^u u4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #id4 ,bett]1 p]haps3 ,lat9 words1 9 great multitude1 h1 ( late1 be5 p\r$ 9 ^u u4 ,s3 ,= ! bulk ( writ]s are v apt to conf\nd !m ) ea* o!r4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,bett]3 ,= mo/ writ]s are v apt to conf\nd !m ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 7"h cit$ z ,kames has x1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bdg17 ei!r ! v]b is1 or ! phrase1 ,!re are "s moveless m5 might z well h be5 us$3 ,!re are a sort ( m51 ^: visages ,d cream & mantle l a /&+ pond4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,collections ( ?+s are mu* less frequ5tly & less prop]ly reg>d$ z individuals1 or "u ! idea ( plurality1 ?an collections ( p]sons4 ,?is di/9ction may acc\nt = ! diff]5ce ( con/ruction 9 ! two clauses ( ! foll[+ example2 ?\gh ,i r d\bt :e!r a plural v]b ought to be us$ 9 ! =m]3 ,! numb] ( commission$ (fic]s 9 ! gu>ds are to ! m>*+ regim5ts z "o to elev53 ! numb] ( regim5ts giv5 to ! gu>ds1 comp>$ ) ^? giv5 to ! l9e1 is ab\t ?ree to "o4--,junius1 p4 #adg4 ,:5ev] ! multitude is spok5 ( ) ref]5ce to a p]sonal act or quality1 ! v]b ought1 z ,i be=e sugge/$1 to be 9 ! plural numb]2 z1 ,! public are in=m$4--,! pla9tiff's c\nsel h assum$ a difficult task4--,! committee 7 in/ruct$ to prep>e a remon/rance4 ,! ,engli% nation decl>e !y are grossly injur$ by _! repres5tatives4--,junius1 p4 #adg4 ,"o p>ticul> class ( m5 are p]mitt$ to call !mselves ! ,k+'s fri5ds4--,id41 p4 #agf4 ,! ,m9i/ry h realiz$ ! comp5di\s ideas ( ,caligula4--,id41 p4 #agg4 ,x is 9 accordance ) ?is pr9ciple1 t ! foll[+ s5t5ces h plural v]bs & pron\ns1 ?\gh _! def9itives are s+ul>1 & p]haps ought to be s+ul>3 ,s deprav$ 7 t p :om 9 _! hi/ory we s mu* admire4--,,hume3 ,m',ilva9e's ,lect41 p4 #djj4 ,oh1 ?is p h s9n$ a great s91 & h made !m gods ( gold4--,exodus1 xxxii1 #ca4 ,?is p ?us ga!r$ h n want$ ^? trials4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dfj4 ,! foll[+ examples1 among o!rs1 are c5sur$ by ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 & ! copyi/s ( ! latt]1 )\t suffici5t discrim9ation1 & = a reason :i* ,i ?9k fallaci\s2 namely1 because ! ideas !y repres5t seem n to be suffici5tly divid$ 9 ! m9d3--,! c\rt ( ,rome 7 n )\t solicitude4--,hume4 ,! h\se ( ,lords 7 s mu* influ5c$ by ^! reasons4--,id4 ,see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahh2 ,murray's1 #aeb2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #abi2 ,+]soll's1 #bdh2 & o!rs4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,9 g5]al1 a collective n\n1 unless x be made plural 9 =m1 no m admits a plural adjective be=e x1 ?an any o!r s+ul> n\n4 ,h5ce ! impropriety ( putt+ ^! or ^? be=e k9d or sort2 z1 ,^! k9d ( knaves ,i "k4--,%akspe>e4 ,h5ce1 too1 ,i inf] t cattle is n a collective n\n1 z ,nixon w\ld h x to be1 b an irregul> plural :i* has no s+ul>2 because we c say ^! cattle or ^? cattle1 b nei!r a bullock nor a h]d is ev] call$ a cattle1 ?is cattle1 or t cattle4 ,& if cavalry1 cl]gy1 commonalty1 c41 7 l ?is ^w1 !y w\ld all be plurals also1 & n sub/antives :i* imply plurality 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & consequ5tly h no o!r plural4 ,:5ce x appe>s1 t ! writ] :o mo/ broadly *>ges o!rs ) n und]/&+ ! nature ( a collective n\n1 has mo/ ( all misconceiv$ x himself4 ,if !re are n _m cl]gies1 x is because ! cl]gy is "o body1 ) "o ,head1 & n because x is 9 a p>ticul> s5se _m4 ,&1 s9ce ! =ms ( words are n necess>ily conf9$ to ?+s t exi/1 :o %all say t ! plural ^w cl]gies1 z ,i h j us$ x1 is n good ,engli%8 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,if we say1 ^! p1 ^! g5try1 ^! folk1 we make p1 g5try1 & folk1 n only irregul> plurals1 b plurals to :i* !re are no correspond5t s+ul>s2 b by ^! phrases1 we mu/ mean c]ta9 individuals1 & n m ?an "o p1 g5try1 or folk4 ,b ^! names are sometimes collective n\ns s+ul>2 &1 z su*1 !y may h v]bs ( ei!r numb]1 accord+ to ! s5se2 & may also =m regul> plurals1 z peoples1 & folks2 ?\gh we seldom1 if ev]1 speak ( g5tries2 & folks is n[ (t5 irregul>ly appli$ to p]sons1 z if "o p]son 7 a folk4 ,s troops is sometimes irregul>ly1 if n improp]ly1 put = soldi]s1 z if a soldi] 7 a troop2 z1 ,:ile ^? gallant troops1 by :om e haz>d\s1 e labori\s s]vice is p]=m$1 are left to p]i%4--,junius1 p4 #adg4 ,9 ,g5esis1 xxvii1 #bi?1 we read1 ,let p s]ve !e1 & nations b[ d[n to !e4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,vulgate1 x ought to be1 ,let peoples s]ve !e1 & nations b[ d[n to !e2 accord+ to ! ,septuag9t1 ,let nations s]ve !e1 & rul]s b[ d[n to !e4 ,among ,murray's in/ances ( false syntax1 we f9d ! text1 ,?is p drawe? ne> to me ) _! m\?1 c4--,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #di4 ,?is is correct$ 9 8 ,key1 ?us3 ,^! p draw ne> to me ) _! m\?4--,ib41 ii1 #ahe4 ,! ,bible has x3 ,?is p draw ne> me ) _! m\?4--,isaiah1 xxix1 #ac4 ,& aga93 ,?is p drawe? nigh unto me ) _! m\?41--,matt41 xv1 #h4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley ?\ght x ought to be1 ,?is p draws nigh unto me ) _! m\?s4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,! second evangeli/ omits "s words3 ,?is p hon\re? me ) _! lips1 b _! he>t is f> f me4--,m>k1 vii1 #f4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! plural v]b is "h to be pref]r$2 because ! pron\n _! is plural1 & ! wor%ip spok5 ( 0 a p]sonal r ?an a national act4 ,yet ! adjective ?is mu/ be reta9$1 if ! text specify ! ,jews z a p4 ,z to ! words m\? & he>t1 !y are to be und]/ood figuratively ( spee* & love2 & ,i agree n ) ,prie/ley1 t ! plural numb] mu/ necess>ily be us$4 ,see ,note #d? to ,rule #d?4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,9 mak+ an ass]tion conc]n+ a numb] or quantity ) "s indef9ite excess or all[ance1 we seem sometimes to take = ! subject ( ! v]b :at is really ! object ( a preposition2 z1 ,9 a s]mon1 !re may be f ?ree to five1 or six heads4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cac4 ,9 ^? ( ,g]many1 !re are f eight to twelve pr(essors4-- ,dwight1 ,lit4 ,conv5tion1 p4 #ach4 ,ab\t a million & a half 0 subscrib$ 9 a few days4--,n4 ,y4 ,daily ,adv]tis]4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ feet ( ! ,muncy dam has be5 swept (f4--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]4 ,upw>ds ( "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s h be5 appropriat$4--,newspap]4 ,b ,i fe> !re are betwe5 tw5ty & ?irty ( !m4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ii1 #dda4 ,besides :i*1 !re are upw>ds ( fifty small] isl&s4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cj4 ,on bo>d ( :i* emb>k$ upw>ds ( ?ree hundr$ pass5g]s4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ii1 #dai4 ,! propriety ( us+ above or upw>ds ( = m ?an1 is que/ionable1 b ! practice is n uncommon4 ,:5 !re is a preposition be=e :at seems at fir/ to be ! subject ( ! v]b1 z 9 ! =ego+ in/ances1 ,i imag9e !re is an ellipsis ( ! ^w numb]1 am\nt1 sum or quantity2 ! fir/ ( :i* words is a collective n\n & may h a v]b ei!r s+ul> or plural3 z1 ,9 a s]mon1 !re may be any numb] f ?ree to five or six heads4 ,?is is awkw>d1 to be sure2 b :at does ! ,doctor's s5t5ce mean1 unless x is1 t !re may be an optional numb] ( heads1 v>y+ f ?ree to six8 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,dr4 ,web/] says1 ,:5 an aggregate am\nt is express$ by ! plural names ( ! p>ticul>s compos+ t am\nt1 ! v]b may be 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 z1 ',!re 0 m ?an a hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds /]l+4' ,mavor's ,voyages4 ,to ?is he adds1 ,h[ev] repugnant to ! pr9ciples ( gramm> ?is may seem at fir/ view1 ! practice is correct2 = ! affirmation is n made ( ! individual p>ts or divisions nam$1 ! p\nds1 b ( ! entire sum or am\nt4--,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #adf2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,! fact is1 t ! ,doctor "h1 z 9 "s o!r in/ances1 d$uces a false rule f a correct usage4 ,x is pla9 t ei!r ! ^w m1 tak5 sub/antively1 or ! n\n to :i* x relates z an adjective1 is ! only nom9ative to ! v]b 04 ,mavor does n affirm t !re 7 a hundr$ & fitly ?\s& p\nds2 b t !re 0 m--i4e41 m money ?an s _m p\nds are1 or am\nt to4 ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce1 too4 falls into a multitude ( /range errors respect+ ! nature ( m ?an1 & ! con/ruction ( o!r words t accompany ^!4 ,see 8 ,analytical ,rules1 & ! mann] 9 :i* he applies !m1 9 ,! ,gramm>1 p4 #aie et seq4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,among c]ta9 educationi/s1--gramm>ians1 ari?meticians1 s*oolma/]s1 & o!rs1--!re has be5 ( late n a little dispute conc]n+ ! syntax ( ! phraseology :i* we use1 or %\ld use1 9 express+ multiplication1 or 9 speak+ ( ab/ract numb]s4 ,= example3 is x bett] to say1 ,twice "o is two1 or1 ,twice "o are two8--,two times "o is two1 or1 ,two times "o are two8--,twice two is f\r1 or1 ,twice two are f\r8--,?rice "o is or are1 ?ree8--,?ree times "o is1 or are1 ?ree8--,?ree times naught is1 or are1 naught8--,?rice ?ree is1 or are1 n9e8--,?ree times f\r is1 or are1 twelve8--,sev5 times ?ree make1 or makes1 tw5ty-"o8--,?ree times 8 age d n1 or does n1 equal m9e8--,?ree times ! quantity is n1 or are n1 suffici5t8--,?ree qu>t]s ( ! m5 7 dis*>g$2 & ?ree qu>t]s ( ! money 01 or 71 s5t back8--,z #b is to #d1 s is #f to #ab2 or1 ,z two are to f\r1 s are six to twelve8 ,,obs4 #ae4--,mo/ ( ! =ego+ expressions1 ?\gh all are p]haps intelligible en\gh 9 common practice1 are1 9 "s respect1 difficult ( analysis1 or grammatical resolution4 ,i ?9k x possible1 h[ev]1 to frame an argum5t ( "s plausibility 9 fav\r ( e "o ( !m4 ,yet x is h>dly to be suppos$1 t any tea*] w judge !m all to be alike ju/ifiable1 or feel no int]e/ 9 ! que/ions :i* h be5 rais$ ab\t !m4 ,t ! language ( ari?metic is (t5 defective or que/ionable 9 respect to gramm>1 may be se5 n only 9 _m an ill *oice betwe5 ! =ego+ v>iant & contra/$ modes ( expression1 b 9 sundry o!r examples1 ( a some:at simil> "*1 = :i* x may be less easy to f9d advocates & publi%$ argum5ts4 ,:at critic w n judge ! foll[+ phraseology to be faulty8 #d times two units is #h units1 & #d times #e t5s is tw5ty t5s4--,*ase's ,common ,s*ool ,ari?metic1 #ahdh1 p4 #db4 ,or ?is8 #a "t #a is l4 #b times #a are #b2 #a "t #d is #d1 #b times #d are #h4--,ray's ,ari?metic1 #ahec4 ,or ?is8 #h & #g is #ae1 #i's out leaves #f2 #c & #h is #aa1 #i's out leaves #b4--;,babcock's ,practical ,ari?metic1 #ahbi1 p4 #bb4 ,or ?is aga98 #c times #c is #i1 & #b we _h to c>ry is #aa4--;,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,,obs4 #af4--,!re are sev]al diff]5t op9ions z to :at con/itutes ! grammatical subject ( ! v]b 9 any ord9>y ,engli% expression ( multiplication4 ,besides ?is1 we h "s v>iety 9 ! phraseology :i* prec$es ! v]b2 s t x is by no means c]ta91 ei!r t ! multiply+ t]ms are always ( ! same "p ( spee*1 or t ! true nom9ative to ! v]b is n ess5tially diff]5t 9 diff]5t examples4 ,"s absurdly tea*1 t an ab/ract numb] is necess>ily express$ by a s+ul> n\n1 ) only a s+ul> mean+2 t su* a numb]1 :5 multipli$1 is always1 ( itself ! subject ( ! ass]tion2 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! v]b mu/ be s+ul>1 z agree+ only ) ?is s+ul> n\n4 ,o!rs1 n kn[+ h[ to p>se sep>ately ! multiply+ ^w or words & ! numb] multipli$1 take !m bo? or all toge!r z ! grammatical subject ) :i* ! v]b mu/ agree4 ,b1 among ^! latt] exp\nd]s1 !re are two opposite op9ions on ! v ess5tial po9t1 :e!r ?is entire expression requires a s+ul> v]b or a plural "o3--z1 :e!r we ought to say1 ,twice "o is two1 or1 ,twice "o are two2--,twice two is f\r1 or1 ,twice two are f\r2--,?ree times "o is ?ree1 or1 ,?ree times "o are ?ree2--,?ree times ?ree is n9e1 or1 ,?ree times ?ree are n9e4 ,o!rs1 aga91 accord+ to ,dr4 ,bullions1 & possibly accord+ to _! own notion1 f9d ! grammatical subject1 sometimes1 if n g5]ally1 9 ! multiply+ t]m only2 z1 p]haps1 is ! case ) ^? :o write or speak z foll[s3 ,if we say1 ',?ree times "o are ?ree1' we make 'times' ! subject ( ! v]b4--,bullions1 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #ahdi1 p4 #ci4 ,?us1 #b times #a are #b2 #b times #b are f\r2 #b times #c are #f4--;,*ase's ,c4 ,s4 ,ari?41 p4 #dc4 ,say1 #b times ,o are ,o2 #b times #a are #b4--,rob9son's ,am]ican ,ari?41 #ahbe1 p4 #bd4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,dr4 ,bullions1 ) a /range blund] ( "s sort 9 almo/ e s5t5ce1 prop\nds & def5ds 8 op9ion on ?is subject ?us3 ,num]al adjectives1 be+ also names ( numb]s1 are (t5 us$ z n\ns1 & s h ! inflection & con/ruction ( n\ns3 ?us1 by twos1 by t5s1 by fifties4 ,two is an ev5 numb]4 ,twice two is f\r4 ,f\r is equal to twice two4 ,9 "s ari?metics ! language employ$ 9 ! op]ation ( multiply+--su* z ',twice two are f\r1 twice ?ree are six'--is incorrect4 ,x %\ld be1 ',twice two is f\r1' c42 = ! ^w two is us$ z a s+ul> n\n--! "n ( a numb]4 ,! adv]b 'twice' is n 9 con/ruction ) x1 & consequ5tly does n make x plural4 ,! mean+ is1 ',! numb] two tak5 twice is equal to f\r4' ,= ! same reason we %\ld say1 ',?ree times two is six1' because ! mean+ is1 ',two tak5 ?ree times is six4' ,if we say1 ',?ree times "o are ?ree1' we make 'times' ! subject ( ! v]b1 :]eas ! subject ( ! v]b really is '"o1' & 'times' is 9 ! objective ( numb] 7#hbh74 #b3d33 #f3ab1 %\ld be read1 ',z #b is to #d1 s is #f to #ab2' n ',z two are to f\r1 s are six to twelve4' ,b :5 num]als d5ot+ m ?an "o1 are us$ z adjectives1 ) a sub/antive express$ or und]/ood1 !y mu/ h a plural con/ruction4--,bullions1 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #ahdi1 p4 #ci4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,s9ce n\ns & adjectives are diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 ! sugge/ion1 t1 ,num]al adjectives are also names1 or n\ns1 is1 ^u ! v face ( x1 a flat absurdity2 & ! notion t ! "n ( a numb] above unity1 conveys only & always ! idea ( unity1 l an ord9>y s+ul> n\n1 is an o!r4 ,a numb] 9 ari?metic is mo/ commonly an adjective 9 gramm>2 & x is always1 9 =m1 an expression t tells h[ _m1 or--d5otes h[ _m ?+s are spok5 (4--,*ase1 p4 #aa4 ,b ! "n ( a numb] is also a numb]1 :5ev] x is n made plural 9 =m4 ,?us f\r is a numb]1 b f\rs is n2 s t5 is a numb]1 b t5s is n4 ,ari?metical numb]s1 :i* run on to inf9ity1 sev]ally consi/ ( a def9ite idea ( h[ _m2 ea* is a precise c\nt by ! unit2 "o be+ ! beg9n+ ( ! s]ies1 & ! measure ( e successive /ep4 ,grammatical numb]s are only ! v]bal =ms :i* di/+ui% "o ?+ f m ( ! same sort4 ,?us ! ^w f\rs or t5s1 unless "s ari?metical numb] be prefix$ to x1 signifies no?+ b a m]e plurality :i* repeats indef9itely ! collective idea ( f\r or t54 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,all actual names ( numb]s calculative1 except "o1 7= naught1 ?\gh x fills a place among numb]s1 is1 9 itself1 a m]e negation ( numb]2 & su* t]ms z on5ess1 unity1 duality1 are n us$ 9 calculation17 are collective n\ns--a circum/ance :i* seems to make ! discussion ( ! pres5t topic appropriate to ! location :i* is "h giv5 x "u ,rule #ae?4 ,ea* ( !m d5otes a p>ticul> aggregate ( units4 ,& if ea*1 z signify+ "o :ole1 may convey ! idea ( unity1 & take a s+ul> v]b2 ea*1 aga91 z d5ot+ s _m units1 may q z naturally take a plural v]b1 & be made to convey ! idea ( plurality4 ,= ! m]e ab/ractness ( numb]s1 or _! sep>ation f all p>ticul> objects1 by no means obliges u to limit !m always to ! con/ruction ) v]bs s+ul>4 ,if x is "r to say1 ,two is an ev5 numb]2 x is c]ta9ly no error to say1 ,two are an ev5 numb]4 ,if x is all[able to say1 ,z #b is to #d1 s is #f to #ab2 x is z well1 if n bett]1 to say1 ,z two are to f\r1 s are six to twelve4 ,if x is correct to say1 ,f\r is equal to twice two2 x is q z grammatical to say1 ,f\r are equal to twice two4 ,bullions bids say1 ,twice two is f\r1 &1 ,?ree times two is six2 b ,i v mu* pref] to say1 ,twice two are f\r1 &1 ,?ree times two are six4 ,! ,doctor's reason+1 :]eby he condemns ! latt] phraseology1 is f\nd$ only ^u false assumptions4 ,?is ,i expect to %[2 & m--t ! ^w :i* he pref]s1 is wrong4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,z to :at con/itutes ! subject ( ! v]b 9 multiplication1 ,i h already notic$ ?ree diff]5t op9ions4 ,!re are yet ?ree or f\r m1 :i* mu/ n be ov]look$ 9 a g5]al exam9ation ( ?is grammatical dispute4 ,dr4 ,bullions's notion on ?is po9t1 is /at$ ) s little consi/5cy1 t "o c h>dly say :at x is4 ,at fir/1 he seems to f9d 8 nom9ative 9 ! multiplic&1 us$ z a s+ul> n\n2 b1 :5 he pond]s a little on ! text1 ,twice two is f\r1 he f9ds ! lead+ t]m n to be ! ^w two1 b ! ^w numb]1 und]/ood4 ,he resolves1 inde$1 t no "o ( ! f\r words us$1 is 9 con/ruction ) any ( ! re/2 = he ?9ks1 ,! mean+ is1 ',! numb] two tak5 twice is equal to f\r4' ,"h1 !n1 is a f\r? op9ion 9 relation to ! subject ( ! v]b3 x mu/ be numb] und]/ood4 ,aga91 x is conc$$ by ! same h&1 t1 ,:5 num]als d5ot+ m ?an "o1 are us$ z adjectives1 ) a sub/antive express$ or und]/ood1 !y mu/ h a plural con/ruction4 ,n[ :o c %[ t ?is is n ! case 9 g5]al ) ! num]als ( multiplication8 ,to expla9 ! syntax ( ,twice two are f\r1 :at c be m rational ?an to say1 ,! s5se is1 ',twice two units1 or ?+s1 are f\r8' ,is x n pla91 t twice two ?+s1 ( any sort1 are f\r ?+s ( t same sort1 & only s8 ,twice two duads are h[ _m8 ,answ]3 ,f\r duads1 or eight units4 ,"h1 !n1 is a fif? op9ion1--& a v fair "o too1--accord+ to :i* we h = ! subject ( ! v]b1 n two nor twice nor twice two1 nor numb]1 und]/ood be=e two1 b ! plural n\n units or ?+s impli$ 9 or aft] ! multiplic&4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,x is a doctr9e taught by sundry gramm>ians1 & to "s ext5t true1 t a neut] v]b betwe5 two nom9atives may agree ) ei!r ( !m4 7,see ,note #e? to ,rule #ad?1 & ! footnote47 ,:51 !re=e1 a p]son :o kn[s ?is1 meets ) su* examples z1 ,twice "o are two2--,twice "o unit are two units2--,?rice "o are ?ree2--he w ( c\rse be apt to ref] ! v]b to ! nom9ative :i* foll[s x1 r ?an to t :i* prec$es x2 tak+ ! mean+ to be1 ,two are twice "o2--,two units are twice "o unit2--,?ree are ?rice "o4 ,n[1 if su* is ! s5se1 ! con/ruction 9 ea* ( ^! in/ances is "r1 because x accords ) su* s5se2 ! int]pretation is "r also1 because x is ! only "o adapt$ to su* a con/ruction2 & we h1 conc]n+ ! subject ( ! v]b1 a six? op9ion1--a v prop] "o too1--t x is f\nd1 n :]e x is mo/ natural to look = x1 9 ! expression ( ! factors1 b 9 a n\n :i* is ei!r utt]$ or impli$ 9 ! product4 ,b1 no d\bt1 x is bett] to avoid ?is con/ruction1 by us+ su* a v]b z may be said to agree ) ! numb] multipli$4 ,aga91 & la/ly1 !re may be1 t\*+ all su* cases z1 ,twice "o are two1 a sev5? op9ion1 t ! subject ( ! v]b is ! product tak5 sub/antively1 & n z a num]al adjective4 ,?is idea1 or ! m compreh5sive "o1 t all ab/ract numb]s are n\ns sub/antive1 settles no?+ conc]n+ ! ma9 "q1 ,:at =m ( ! v]b is requir$ by an ab/ract numb] above unity8 ,if ! numb] be suppos$ an adjective1 ref]r+ to ! impli$ t]m units1 or ?+s1 ! v]b mu/ ( c\rse be plural2 b if x be call$ a collective n\n1 ! v]b only foll[s & fixes ! idea ( plurality1 or ! idea ( unity1 z ! writ] or speak] *ooses to adopt ! "o or ! o!r4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,x is m>vell\s1 t f\r or five monosyllables1 utt]$ toge!r 9 a common simple s5t5ce1 c\ld give rise to all ?is div]sity ( op9ion conc]n+ ! subject ( ! v]b2 b1 aft] all1 ! *ief difficulty pres5t$ by ! phraseology ( multiplication1 is t ( asc]ta9+1 n ! grammatical subject ( ! v]b1 b ! grammatical relation betwe5 ! multipli] & ! multiplic&--! true way ( p>s+ ! t]ms once1 twice1 ?ree times1 c41 b especially ! ^w times4 ,t !re mu/ be "s su* relation1 is obvi\s2 b :at is x8 & h[ is x to be kn[n8 ,to mo/ p]sons1 und\bt$ly1 ,twice two1 &1 ,?ree times two1 seem to be regul> phrases1 9 :i* ! words _c lack syntactical connexion2 yet ,dr4 ,bullions1 :o is great au?ority ) "s ?9k]s1 d5ies all imm$iate or direct relation betwe5 ! ^w two1 & ! t]m be=e x1 pref]r+ to p>se bo? twice & ?ree times z adjuncts to ! p>ticiple tak51 und]/ood4 ,he says1 ,! adv]b 'twice' is n 9 con/ruction ) 'two1' & consequ5tly does n make x plural4 ,8 fir/ ass]tion "h is1 9 my op9ion1 untrue2 & ! second implies ! v errone\s doctr9e1 t ! ^w twice1 if x relate to a s+ul> t]m1 w make x plural4 ,f a misconception l ?is1 x probably is1 t "s :o ought to be v accurate 9 spee*1 are afraid to say1 ,twice "o is two1 or1 ,?rice "o is ?ree1 judg+ ! s+ul> v]b to be wrong2 & "s !re are :o ?9k1 t usage w n p]mit a c>eful s*ol> s to speak4 ,n[1 analysis fav\rs ! s+ul> =m "h2 & x is contr>y to a pla9 pr9ciple ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 to suppose t a plural v]b c be dem&$ by any phrase :i* is made collectively ! subject ( ! ass]tion4 7,see ,note #c;d1 & ,obs4 #ac?1 #ad?1 #ae?1 & #af?1 "u ,rule #ad?47 ,are is1 !re=e1 n requir$ "h2 &1 if all[able1 x is s only on ! supposition t ! lead+ nom9ative is put aft] x4 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,9 ,blan*>d's small ,ari?metic1 publi%$ 9 #ahed1 ! foll[+ inculcations occur3 ,:5 we say1 #c times #d trees are #ab trees1 we h ref]5ce to ! objects c\nt$2 b 9 say+ #c times #d is twelve1 we mean1 t #c times ! numb] #d1 is ! numb] #ab4 ,"h we use #d & #ab1 n z num]al adjectives1 b z n\ns1 ! names ( p>ticul> numb]s1 & z su*1 ea* conveys ! idea ( unity1 & ! entire expression is ! subject ( is1 & conveys ! idea ( unity4--,p4 iv4 ,"h we h1 ) an additional error conc]n+ ! entire expression1 a repetition ( ,dr4 ,bullions's errone\s assumption1 t ! "n ( a p>ticul> numb]1 z be+ a s+ul> n\n1 mu/ convey ! idea ( unity1 ?\gh ! numb] itself be a di/9ct plurality4 ,^! m5 talk z if !re 7 an absurdity 9 affirm+ t ! numb] #d is plural6 ,b1 if f\r be tak5 z only "o ?+1 h[ c ?ree multiply ?is "o ?+ into twelve8 ,x is by no means prop] to affirm1 t1 ,e f\r1 tak5 ?ree times1 is1 or are1 twelve2 = ?ree in/ances1 or times1 ( ! figure #d1 or ( ! ^w f\r1 are only ?ree #d's1 or ?ree v]bal f\rs4 ,& is x n because ! numb] #d is plural--is 9 itself f\r units--& because ! ^w f\r1 or ! figure #d1 conveys explicitly ! idea ( ?is plurality1 t ! multiplication table is true1 :]e x says1 #c times #d are #ab8 ,x is n "r to say1 ,?ree times "o quat]nion is twelve2 nor is x q unobjectionable to say1 ) ,blan*>d #c times ! numb] #d1 is ! numb] #ab4 ,besides1 ?is pret5d$ int]pretation expla9s no?+4 ,! syntax ( ! %ort] text1 #c times #d is #ab1 is 9 no way ju/ifi$ or illu/rat$ by x4 ,:o does n p]ceive t ! f\r "h spok5 ( mu/ be f\r units1 or f\r ?+s ( "s sort2 & t no su* f\r1 multipli$ by #c1 or till #c times1 c convey ! idea ( unity1 or mat* a s+ul> v]b8 ,dr4 ,web/] did n s conceive ( ?is ab/ract numb]1 or ( ! entire expression 9 :i* x is multipli$2 = he says1 ,f\r times f\r am\nt to sixte54--,am]ican ,dict41 w4 ,"t4 ,,obs4 #bd4--;,9 fact no phrase ( multiplication is ( su* a nature t x c1 ) any plausibility be reckon$ a composite subject ( ! v]b4 ,once1 twice1 & ?rice1 are adv]bs2 & ea* ( !m may1 9 g5]al1 be p>s$ z relat+ directly to ! multiplic&4 ,_! con/ruction1 z well z t ( ! plural v]b1 is agreeable to ! ,lat9 norm2 z1 :5 ,cic]o says ( somebody1 ,si1 bis b9a quot ess5t1 didicisset1--,if he _h le>n$ h[ _m twice two are4--,see ,a9swor?'s ,dict41 w4 ,b9us4 ,! phrases1 "o "t1 = once1 & two times = twice1 seem pu]ile expressions3 !y are n (t5 us$ by compet5t tea*]s4 ,?rice is a good ^w1 b m elegant ?an popul>4 ,above twice1 we use ! phrases1 ?ree times1 f\r times1 & ! l1 :i* are sev]ally compos$ ( a num]al adjective & ! n\n times4 ,if ^! words 7 unit$1 z "s ?9k !y ought to be1 ! comp\nds w\ld be adv]bs ( "t repeat$2 z1 ?reetimes1 f\rtimes1 c41 analog\s to sometimes4 ,ea* ^w w\ld answ]1 z ea* phrase n[ does1 to ! "q1 ,h[ (t58 ,^! expressions are tak5 by "s z hav+ a direct adv]bial relation to ! t]ms :i* !y qualify2 b !y are p]haps mo/ commonly expla9$ z be+ dep5d5t on "s preposition und]/ood4 ,see ,obs4 #a/ on ,rule #e?1 & ,obs4 #f? on ,rule #g?4 ,,obs4 #be4--;,9 multiply+ "o only1 x is evid5tly be/ to use a s+ul> v]b3 z1 ,twice naught is naught2--,?ree times "o is ?ree4 ,&1 9 multiply+ any numb] above "o1 ,i judge a plural v]b to be necess>y3 z1 ,twice two are f\r2--,?ree times two are six2 because ?is numb] mu/ be j s _m 9 ord] to give ! product4 ,dr4 ,bullions says1 ,we %\ld say1 ',?ree times two is six1' because ! mean+ is1 ',two tak5 ?ree times is six4' ,?is is nei!r reason+1 nor explanation1 nor good gramm>4 ,! relation betwe5 two & ?ree1 or ! syntax ( ! ^w times1 or ! propriety ( ! s+ul> v]b1 is no m app>5t 9 ! latt] expression ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,x w\ld be bett] logic to affirm1 ,we %\ld say1 ',?ree times two are six2' because ! mean+ is1 ',two 7units71 tak5 =1 to1 or till ?ree times1 are six4' ,! preposition till1 or until1 is sometimes f\nd 9 use be=e an expression ( times numb]$2 z1 ,h[ (t %all ,i =give8 till sev5 times8 ,i say n unto !e1 ,until sev5 times2 b1 ,until sev5ty times sev54--,matt41 xviii1 #ba4 ,b "h is /ill a difficulty ) repect to ! multiply+ t]m1 or ! ^w times4 ,=1 unless1 by an unall[able ellipsis1 sev5ty times sev51 is presum$ to mean1 sev5ty times ( sev51 ! preposition ,until mu/ gov]n1 n ?is n\n times4 express$1 b an o!r1 und]/ood aft] sev52 & ! mean+ mu/ be1 ,?\ %alt =give him until sev5ty-times sev5 times2 or--until sev5 times tak5 =1 to1 or till1 sev5ty times4 ,,obs4 #bf4--,) too little reg>d to consi/5cy4 ,dr4 ,bullions sugge/s t :5 we make 'times' ! subject ( ! v]b1 x is n really su*1 b is 9 ! objective ( numb]4 ,he is1 d\btless1 "r 9 pref]r+ to p>se ?is ^w z an objective case1 r ?an z a nom9ative1 9 ! con/ruction to :i* he alludes2 b to call x an objective ( numb]1 is an unc\? error1 a v /range mi/ake = s great a gramm>ian to utt]3 !re be+ 9 gramm> no su* ?+ z ! objective ( numb]3 no?+ ( ! sort1 ev5 "u 8 own ,special ,rule1 to :i* he ref]s u = x6 ,&1 if su* a ?+ !re 71 s t a numb] c\ld be put 9 ! objective case )\t a gov]n+ ^w1 7see 8 #hbh17 ! plural ^w times1 s9ce x d5otes no p>ticul> aggregate ( units1 c\ld nev] be an example ( x4 ,x is true t times1 l days1 weeks1 & o!r n\ns ( "t1 may be1 & (t5 is1 9 ! objective case )\t a gov]n+ ^w express$2 &1 9 su* in/ances1 x may be call$ ! objective ( repetition1 or ( "t repeat$4 ,b ! con/ruction ( ! ^w appe>s to be su* z is common to _m n\ns ( "t1 ( value1 or ( measure2 :i*1 9 _! relation to o!r words1 seem to resemble adv]bs1 b :i* are usually said to be gov]n$ by prepositions und]/ood3 z1 ,?ree days lat]2 i4e41 ,lat] by ?ree days4--,?ree %ill+s *eap]2 i4e41 ,*eap] by ?ree %ill+s4--,sev5 times hott]2 i4e41 ,hott] by sev5 times4--,f\r feet high2 i4e41 ,high to f\r feet4--,t5 ye>s old2 i4e41 ,old to t5 ye>s4--,five times t52 i4e41 ,t5 by five times2 or1 p]haps1 ,t5 tak5 till five times4 ,,note ,,to ,,rule ,,xv4 ,a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( unity1 requires a v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul>2 & g5]ally admits also ! regul> plural con/ruction3 z1 ,8 army 0 defeat$4--,8 armies 7 defeat$4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,plurality4 ,! g5try is punctili\s 9 _! etiquette4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b is is ( ! s+ul> numb]1 & does n correctly agree ) its nom9ative g5try1 :i* is a collective n\n convey+ r ! idea ( plurality4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ae?1 ,:5 ! nom9ative is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! v]b mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]4 ,!re=e1 is %\ld be are2 ?us1 ,! g5try are punctili\s 9 _! etiquette4 ,9 ,france ! peasantry goes b>efoot1 & ! middle sort makes use ( wood5 %oes4--,,h>vey3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,! p rejoices 9 t :i* %\ld cause sorr[4--,see ,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #di4 ,my p is fooli%1 !y h n kn[n me4--,j]41 iv1 #bb2 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,= ! p speaks1 b does n write4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #fdf4 ,s t all ! p t 0 9 ! camp1 trembl$4--,exodus1 xix1 #af4 ,no company likes to confess t !y are ignorant4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #bag4 ,f> ! great] "p ( _! captives 0 anci5tly sacrific$4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 i1 #cci4 ,above "o half ( !m 0 cut (f be=e ! return ( spr+4--,ib41 ii1 #dai4 ,! o!r class1 t]m$ ,figures ( ,?\ght1 supposes ! words to be us$ 9 _! prop] & lit]al mean+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acc2 ,murray's ,gram41 #ccg4 ,a multitude ( words 9 _! dialect approa*es to ! ,teutonic =m1 & !re=e af=d excell5t assi/ance4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/ ( ,lang41 i1 #adh4 ,a great majority ( our au?ors is defective 9 mann]4--,james ,br[n's ,crit4 ,! great] "p ( ^! new-co9$ words has be5 reject$4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ii1 #dde4 ,! great] "p ( ! words x conta9s is subject to c]ta9 modifications & inflections4--,! ,fri5d1 ii1 #abc4 ,:ile all our y\? pref]s h] to ! re/4--,wall]'s ,poems1 p4 #ag4 ,mank9d is appo9t$ to live 9 a future /ate4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #eg4 ,! great] "p ( human k9d speaks & acts :olly by imitation4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #afi4 ,! greate/ "p ( human gratifications approa*es s ne>ly to vice4--,ibid4 ,:ile /ill ! busy _w is tread+ o'er ,! pa?s !y trod five ?\s& ye>s be=e4--,"y4 ,,"u ,,! ,,note4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,unity4 ,9 old ,engli% ?is species ( words 7 num]\s4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 ii1 #f4 ,& a s]ies ( ex]cises 9 false gramm> are introduc$ t[>ds ! end4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 iv4 ,& a jury1 9 con=mity ) ! same idea1 7 anci5tly call$ homagium1 ! homage1 or manhood4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bif4 ,) respect to ! =m]1 !re are inde$ pl5ty ( means4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cai4 ,! numb] ( s*ool di/ricts h increas$ s9ce ! la/ ye>4--,gov]nor ,?roop1 #ahcb4 ,! ,ye>ly ,meet+ h pur*as$ ) its funds ^! publications4--,fo/]'s ,reports1 i1 #gf4 ,h ! legislature p[] to prohibit assemblies8--,wm4 ,sullivan4 ,s t ! :ole numb] ( ! /reets 7 fifty4--,roll9's ,anci5t ,hi/41 ii1 #h4 ,! numb] ( inhabitants 7 n m ?an f\r millions4--,,smollett3 see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,! ,h\se ( ,commons 7 ( small weight4--,,hume3 ,ib41 p4 #ahh4 ,! assembly ( ! wick$ h enclos$ me4--,psal4 xxii1 #af2 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,e k9d ( conv5i5ce & com=t are provid$4--,com4 ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 i1 #bd4 ,amid/ ! great decrease ( ! inhabitants ( ,spa91 ! body ( ! cl]gy h suff]$ no dim9ution2 b has r be5 gradually increas+4--,payne's ,geog41 ii1 #dah4 ,small z ! numb] ( inhabitants are1 yet _! pov]ty is extreme4--,ib41 ii1 #dag4 ,! numb] ( ! names 7 ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty4--,w>e's ,gram41 p4 #ab2 see ,acts1 i1 #ae4 ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,:5 a ,v]b has two or m nom9atives connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !m jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r3 z1 ,true rhetoric & s\nd logic are v ne>ly alli$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aa4 ,aggression & injury 9 no case ju/ify retaliation4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #djf4 ,judges & s5ates h be5 b\ght = gold1 ,e/eem & love 7 nev] to be sold4--,pope4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,:5 two nom9atives connect$ by & s]ve m]ely to describe "o p]son or ?+1 !y are ei!r 9 apposition or equival5t to "o "n1 & d n require a plural v]b2 z1 ,imm$iately comes a hue & cry aft] a gang ( ?ieves4--,l',e/range4 ,! hue & cry ( ! c\ntry pursues him4--,junius1 ,lett] xxiii4 ,fle% & blood i4 e4 man1 or man's nature1 ha? n reveal$ x unto !e4--,matt41 xvi1 #ag4 ,desc5t & fall to u is adv]se4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ii1 #gf4 ,?is philosoph] & poet 0 bani%$ f 8 c\ntry4--,su* a ,savi\r & ,r$eem] is actually provid$ = u4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #chf4 ,let u !n decl>e :at great ?+s our ,god & ,savi\r has done = u4--,dr4 ,scott1 on ,luke viii4 ,toll1 tribute1 & cu/om1 0 paid unto !m4--,ezra1 iv1 #bj4 ,^: icy curr5t & compulsive c\rse ,ne'er feels retir+ ebb1 b keeps due on4--,%akspe>e4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,:5 two nom9atives connect$ by &1 are emphatically di/+ui%$1 !y belong to diff]5t propositions1 &1 if s+ul>1 d n require a plural v]b2 z1 ,ambition1 & n ! safety ( ! /ate1 0 conc]n$4--,goldsmi?4 ,consangu9ity1 & n aff9ity1 is ! gr\nd ( ! prohibition4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cbd4 ,b a modification1 & (t5times a total *ange1 takes place4--,maund]4 ,some:at1 &1 9 _m circum/ances1 a great deal too1 is put ^u u4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ajh4 ,disgrace1 & p]haps ru91 0 ! c]ta9 consequ5ce ( attempt+ ! latt]4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 i1 #dcd4 ,ay1 & no too1 0 no good div9ity4--,%akespe>e4 ,love1 & love only1 is ! loan = love4--,"y4 ,,exception ,,?ird4 ,:5 two or m nom9atives connect$ by & are prec$$ by ! adjective ea*1 e1 or no1 !y are tak5 sep>ately1 & d n require a plural v]b2 z1 ,:5 no "p ( _! sub/ance1 & no "o ( _! prop]ties1 is ! same4--,bp4 ,butl]4 ,e limb & feature appe>s ) its respective grace4--,/eele4 ,e p]son1 & e occurr5ce1 is beheld 9 ! mo/ fav\rable light4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aij4 ,ea* worm1 & ea* insect1 is a m>vel ( creative p[]4 ,^: e look & ge/ure 0 a joke ,to clapp+ !atres & %\t+ cr[ds4--,"y4 ,,exception ,,f\r?4 ,:5 ! v]b sep>ates its nom9atives1 x agrees ) t :i* prec$es x1 & is und]/ood to ! re/2 z1 ,! e>? is ! ,"l's1 & ! fullness !re(4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #cf4 ,disda9 =bids me1 & my dread ( %ame4--,milton4 ------,=? 9 ! pleas+ spr+1 ,?y beauty walks1 ?y t5d]ness1 & love4--,?omson4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xvi4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,accord+ to ,l9dley ,murray1 7:o1 9 all 8 compilation1 f :atev] le>n$ au?orities1 ref]s u to no places 9 any book b 8 own47 ,dr4 ,blair obs]ves1 t 'two or m sub/antives1 jo9$ by a copulative1 mu/ always require ! v]b or pron\n to :i* !y ref]1 to be plac$ 9 ! plural numb]3' & ?is1 cont9ues ! great ,compil]1 is ! g5]al s5tim5t ( ,engli% gramm>ians4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aej4 ,! same ?+ is /at$ 9 _m o!r gramm>s3 ?us1 ,+]soll has ! v same words1 on ! #bch? page ( 8 book2 & ,r4 ,c4 ,smi? says1 ,dr4 ,blair v ju/ly obs]ves1 c4--,productive ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,i !re=e d\bt n1 ! le>n$ rhetorician has some:]e made "s su* rem>k3 ?\gh ,i c nei!r supply ! ref]5ce :i* ^! g5tlem5 omit1 nor v\* = ! accuracy ( _! quotation4 ,b ,i tru/ to make x v cle>1 t s _m gramm>ians z hold ?is s5tim5t1 are no great read]s1 to say ! lea/ ( !m4 ,murray himself ackn[l$ges "o exception to ?is pr9ciple1 & unconsci\sly furni%es examples ( "o or two m2 b1 9 /ead ( plac+ ! =m] 9 8 ,gramm>1 & "u ! rule1 :]e ! le>n] w\ld be likely to notice x1 he makes x an obscure & almo/ un9telligible note1 9 ! m>g9 ( 8 ,key1 ref]r+ by an a/]isk to ! foll[+ correction3 ,e man & e woman 0 numb]$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #aij4 ,to ju/ify ?is phraseology1 he talks ?us3 ,:atev] numb] ( n\ns may be connect$ by a conjunction ) ! pron\n ,,e1 ?is pron\n is z applicable to ! :ole mass ( !m1 z to any "o ( ! n\ns2 & !re=e ! v]b is correctly put 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & ref]s to ! :ole sep>ately & individually consid]$4--,ib4 ,s mu*1 !n1 = ! pron\n ,,e6 ,b1 )\t o!r exceptions1 :at %all be done ) ! foll[+ texts f ,murray himself8 ,! flock1 & n ! fleece1 is1 or ought to be ! object ( ! %eph]d's c>e4--,ib41 ii1 #ahd4 ,?is prodigy ( le>n+1 ?is s*ol>1 critic1 & antiqu>y1 0 entirely de/itute ( bre$+ & civility4--,ib41 ii1 #bag4 ,&1 9 ! foll[+ l9e1 :at conjunction appe>s1 or :at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 horror & black despair4 t ! v]b %\ld be made plural8 ,:at black despair1 :at horror1 fill 8 m9d6--,ib41 ii1 #ahc4 ,:at black despair1 :at horror fills 8 he>t6--,?omson4#cie ,,obs4 #b4--;,besides ! _m examples :i* may ju/ly come "u ! f\r exceptions above specifi$1 !re are sev]al que/ionable b cu/om>y expressions1 :i* h "s appe>ance ( be+ deviations f ?is rule1 b :i* may p]haps be reasonably expla9$ on ! pr9ciple ( ellipsis3 z1 ,all "w & no play1 makes ,jack a dull boy4--,sl[ & /eady (t5 outtravels ha/e4--,dillwyn's ,reflections1 p4 #bc4 ,little & (t5 fills ! purse4--,treasury ( ,k1 ,"p i1 p4 #ddf4 ,fair & s(tly goes f>4 ,^! maxims1 by univ]sal cu/om1 lay claim to a s+ul> v]b2 &1 = my "p1 ,i "k n h[ !y c well be consid]$ ei!r real exceptions to ! =ego+ rule1 or real inaccuracies "u x2 =1 9 mo/ ( !m1 ! words connect$ are n n\ns2 & ^? :i* are s1 may n be nom9atives4 ,& x is cle>1 t e exception mu/ h "s specific "* by :i* x may be di/+ui%$2 else x de/roys ! rule1 9 /ead ( confirm+ x1 z kn[n exceptions are said to d4 ,murray appe>s to h ?\ght ! s+ul> v]b wrong2 =1 among 8 examples = p>s+1 he has1 ,fair & s(tly g f>1 :i* in/ance is no m entitl$ to a plural v]b ?an ! re/4 ,see 8 ,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #e4 ,:y n suppose !m all to be elliptical8 ,_! mean+ may be z foll[s3 ,to h all "w & no play1 makes ,jack a dull boy4--,:at is sl[ & /eady1 (t5 outtravels ha/e4--,to put 9 little & (t51 fills ! purse4--,:at proce$s fair & s(tly1 goes f>4 ,! foll[+ l9e f ,%akspe>e appe>s to be /ill m elliptical3 ,poor & cont5t is ri*1 & ri* en\gh4--,o!llo4 ,?is may be suppos$ to mean1 ,he :o is poor & cont5t1 c4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce aga91 we may suppose an ellipsis ( ! phrase ,to h1 at ! beg9n+2 ?\gh "h1 p]haps1 to h pluraliz$ ! v]b1 w\ld h be5 z well3 ,"o eye on dea? & "o full fix'd on heav51 ,becomes a mortal & immortal man4--,"y4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! names ( two p]sons are n unfrequ5tly us$ jo9tly z ! "n ( _! /ory2 9 :i* s5se1 !y mu/ h a s+ul> v]b1 if !y h any2 z1 ,prior's ,h5ry & ,emma conta9s an o!r beautiful example4--,jamieson's ,rhetoric1 p4 #agi4 ,i some:at hesitate to call ?is an exception to ! =ego+ rule1 because "h too ! phraseology may be suppos$ elliptical4 ,! mean+ is1 ,prior's little poem1 entitl$1 ',h5ry & ,emma1' conta9s1 c42--or1 ,prior's /ory ( ,h5ry & ,emma conta9s1 c4 ,&1 if ! fir/ expression is only an abbreviation ( "o ( ^!1 ! con/ruction ( ! v]b conta9s may be ref]r$ to ,rule #ad?4 ,see ,exception #a/ to ,rule #ab?1 & ,obs4 #b;d on ,rule #ad?4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! conjunction &1 by :i* alone we c ) propriety connect diff]5t words to make !m jo9t nom9atives or jo9t antec$5ts1 is sometimes suppress$ & und]/ood2 b !n its effect is ! same1 z if x 7 ins]t$2 ?\gh a s+ul> v]b might sometimes be q z prop] 9 ! same s5t5ces1 because x w\ld m]ely imply a disjunctive conjunction or none at all3 z1 ,! high brea* ( tru/1 ! notori\s corruption1 are /at$ 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms4--,junius1 ,let4 xx4 ,envy1 self-w1 jeal\sy1 pride1 (t5 reign !re4--,abbott's ,corn] ,/one1 p4 #aaa4 7,see ,obs4 #d? on ,rule #ab?47 ,art1 empire1 e>? itself1 to *ange are doom$4--,beattie4 ,h] he>t1 h] m9d1 h] love1 is 8 alone4--,c[ley4 ,9 all ! =ego+ examples1 a s+ul> v]b might h be5 us$ )\t impropriety2 or ! la/1 :i* is s+ul>1 might h be5 plural4 ,b ! foll[+ c\plet evid5tly requires a plural v]b1 & is !re=e correct z ! poet wrote x2 bo? because ! latt] n\n is plural1 & because ! conjunction & is und]/ood betwe5 ! two4 ,yet a late gramm>ian1 p]ceiv+ no diff]5ce betwe5 ! joys ( s5se & ! pleasure ( reason1 n only *anges lie to lies1 b uses ! p]v]sion = a pro( text1 "u a rule :i* ref]s ! v]b to ! fir/ n\n only1 & requires x to be s+ul>4 ,see ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bej4 ,reason's :ole pleasure1 all ! joys ( s5se4 ,lie 9 ?ree words--heal?1 peace1 & compet5ce4 --,pope's ,ess41 ,ep4 iv1 l4 #hj4 ,,obs4 #e4--,:5 ! speak] *anges 8 nom9ative to take a /rong] expression1 he commonly uses no conjunction2 b1 putt+ ! v]b 9 agreem5t ) ! n\n :i* is next to x1 he leaves ! o!r to an impli$ concord ) its prop] =m ( ! same v]b3 z1 ,! man ^: designs1 ^: :ole conduct1 t5ds to r$uce me to subjection1 t man is at w> ) me1 ?\gh n a bl[ has yet be5 giv51 nor a sword drawn4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfe4 ,all ,greece1 all ! b>b>ian _w1 is too n>r[ = ?is man's ambition4--,ibid4 ,?is self-comm&1 ?is ex]tion ( reason 9 ! mid/ ( passion1 has a wond]ful effect bo? to please & to p]suade4--,ib41 p4 #bfj4 ,9 ! mutual influ5ce ( body & s\l1 !re is a wisdom1 a wond]ful wisdom1 :i* we _c fa?om4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aej4 ,if ! pr9ciple "h /at$ is j1 ,murray has writt5 ! foll[+ models errone\sly3 ,virtue1 hon\r1 nay1 ev5 self-int]e/1 conspire to recomm5d ! measure4--,ib41 p4 #aej4 ,patriotism1 morality1 e public & private consid]ation1 dem& our submission to j & lawful gov]nm5t4--,ibid4 ,9 ?is latt] in/ance1 ,i %\ld pref] ! s+ul> v]b dem&s2 & 9 ! =m]1 ! expression ought to be o!rwise alt]$1 ?us4 ,virtue1 hon\r1 & int]e/1 all conspire to recomm5d ! measure4 ,or ?us3 ,virtue1 hon\r--nay1 ev5 self-int]e/1 recomm5ds ! measure4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 too1 ,?omson 0 "r1 & ?is critic wrong1 9 ! example cit$ at ! close ( ! fir/ obs]vation above4 ,?is con/ruction is aga9 recurr$ to by ,murray1 9 ! second *apt] ( 8 ,ex]cises2 :]e he explicitly condemns ! foll[+ s5t5ce because ! v]b is s+ul>3 ,prud5ce1 policy1 nay1 8 own true int]e/1 /rongly recomm5ds ! l9e ( conduct propos$ to him4--,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bb4 ,,obs4 #f4--,:5 two or m nom9atives are 9 apposition ) a prec$+ "o :i* !y expla91 ! v]b mu/ agree ) ! fir/ ^w only1 because ! o!rs are adjuncts to ?is1 & n jo9t subjects to ! v]b2 z1 ,l\dd1 ! anci5t ,lydda & ,diospolis1 appe>s l a place lately ravag$ by fire & sword4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #ic4 ,beattie1 ,james1--a philosoph] & poet1--0 born 9 ,scotl&1 9 ! ye> #agce4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cjf4 ,=1 ! quantity1 ! l5g?1 & %ortness ( our syllables1 is n1 by any means1 s fix$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abd4 ,?is pr9ciple1 l ! prec$+ "o1 p]suades me aga9 to diss5t f ,murray1 :o corrects or p]v]ts ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 by *ang+ orig9ates to orig9ate3 ,all t makes a figure on ! great !atre ( ! _w2 ! employm5ts ( ! busy1 ! ent]prises ( ! ambiti\s1 & ! exploits ( ! w>like2 ! virtues :i* =m ! happ9ess1 & ! crimes :i* occasion ! mis]y ( mank9d2 orig9ates 9 t sil5t & secret recess ( ?\ght1 :i* is hidd5 f e human eye4--,see ,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aha2 or 8 ,duodecimo ,key1 p4 #ba4 ,! true subject ( ?is proposition is ! n\n all1 :i* is s+ul>2 & ! o!r nom9atives are subord9ate to ?is1 & m]ely explanatory ( x4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,dr4 ,web/] says1 ,enum]ation & addition ( numb]s are usually express$ 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 z1 two & two is f\r2 sev5 & n9e is sixte52 t is1 ! sum ( sev5 & n9e is sixte54 ,b mod]n usage incl9es to reject ! use ( ! v]b 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 9 ^! & simil> phrases4--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,among its _m faults1 ?is passage exhibits a virtual contradiction4 ,= :at mod]n usage incl9es to reject1 c h>dly be ! fa%ion 9 :i* any ideas are usually express$4 ,besides1 ,i may safely av]1 t ?is is a k9d ( phraseology :i* all correct usage always did reject4 ,x is n only a gross vulg>ism1 b a pla9 & palpable violation ( ! =ego+ rule ( syntax2 &1 z su* x mu/ be reput$1 if ! rule has any propriety at all4 ,:at enum]ation has to d ) x1 is m ?an ,i c tell4 ,b ,dr4 ,web/] once admir$ & comm5d$ ?is mode ( spee*1 z "o ( ! wond]ful pro(s ( +5uity 9 ! fram]s ( language2 & lab\r$ to def5d x z be+ correct ^u pr9ciple2 t is1 ^u ! pr9ciple t ! sum ( is und]/ood to be ! subject ( ! affirmation1 :5 "o says1 ,two & two is f\r1 9 /ead (1 ,two & two are f\r4--,see ,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,?is seems to me a wond]ful pro( ( ignorance 9 a v le>n$ man4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,9 ,greek & ,lat91 ! v]b frequ5tly agrees ) ! ne>e/ nom9ative1 & is und]/ood to ! re/2 & ?is con/ruction is sometimes imitat$ 9 ,engli%1 especially if ! n\ns foll[ ! v]b3 z1 ,greek3 ,nuni d ,,m5ei pi/is1 elpis agape1 ta tria tanta4--,nunc v]o manet fides1 spes1 *>itas2 tria hc4--,n[ abide? fai?1 hope1 *>ity2 ^! ?ree4--#a ,cor41 xiii1 #ac4 ,& n[ abide? confession1 pray]1 & praise1 ^! ?ree2 b ! greate/ ( ^! is praise4--,,att]bury3 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjj4 ,! propriety ( ?is usage1 s f> z our language is conc]n$1 ,i d\bt4 ,x seems to op5 a door = num]\s deviations f ! =ego+ rule1 & deviations ( su* a sort1 t if !y are to be consid]$ exceptions1 "o c h>dly tell :y4 ,! practice1 h[ev]1 is n uncommon1 especially if !re are m n\ns ?an two1 & ea* is emphatic2 z1 ,wond]ful 0 ! pati5ce1 =titude1 self-d5ial1 & brav]y ( our ance/ors4--,web/]'s ,hi/4 ( ,u4 ,s41 p4 #aah4 ,x is ! v ?+ ,i w\ld h y make out3 = !re9 consi/s ! =m1 & use1 & nature ( language4--,b]kley's ,alciphron1 p4 #afa4 ,!re is ! prop] n\n1 & ! common n\n4 ,!re is ! s+ul> n\n1 & ! plural n\n4--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,f him proce$s p[]1 sanctification1 tru?1 grace1 & e o!r bless+ we c conceive4--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 ,b4 i1 ,*4 #ac4 ,to :at purpose come? !re to me inc5se f ,%eba1 & ! sweet cane f a f> c\ntry8--,j]41 vi1 #bj4 ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 & ! p[]1 & ! glory1 =ev]4--,matt41 vi1 #ac4 ,9 all ^! in/ances1 ! plural v]b might h be5 us$2 & yet p]haps ! s+ul> may be ju/ifi$ on ! gr\nd t !re is a di/9ct & emphatic enum]ation ( ! n\ns4 ,?us1 x w\ld be prop] to say1 ,?9e are ! k+dom1 ! p[]1 & ! glory2 b ?is con/ruction seems less emphatic ?an ! prec$+1 :i* means1 ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 ?9e is ! p[]1 & ?9e is ! glory1 =ev]2 & ?is repetition is /ill m emphatic1 & p]haps m prop]1 ?an ! elliptical =m4 ,! repetition ( ! conjunction &1 9 ! orig9al text z above1 adds "t & emphasis to ! read+1 & makes ! s+ul> v]b m prop] ?an x w\ld o!rwise be2 = :i* reason1 ! foll[+ =m1 9 :i* ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bullions has set ! s5t5ce d[n = bad ,engli%1 is 9 "s sort a p]v]sion ( ! ,scripture3 ,?9e is ! k+dom1 ! p[]1 & ! glory4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,,obs4 #i4--,:5 ! nom9atives are ( diff]5t p]sons1 ! v]b agrees ) ! fir/ p]son 9 pref]5ce to ! second1 & ) ! second 9 pref]5ce to ! ?ird2 = ?\ & ,i1 or he1 ?\1 & ,i1 are equival5t to we2 & ?\ & he are equival5t to y3 z1 ,:y speake/ ?\ any m ( ?y matt]s8 ,i h said1 ?\ & ,ziba divide ! l&4--#b ,sam41 xix4 #bi4 ,t is1 divide ye ! l&4 ,& live ?\ & ?y *ildr5 ( ! re/4--#b ,k+s1 iv1 #g4 ,t ,i & ?y p h f\nd grace 9 ?y sight4--,exodus1 xxxiii1 #af4 ,i & my k+dom are guiltless4--#b ,sam41 iii1 #bh4 ,i1 & y1 & ,piso p]haps too1 are 9 a /ate ( dissatisfaction4--,z5obia1 i1 #aad4 ,!n ,i1 & y1 & all ( u1 fell d[n1 ,:il/ bloody treason fl\ri%'d ov] u4--,%ak41 ,j4 ,cs>4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,:5 two or m nom9atives connect$ by & are ( ! same =m b di/+ui%$ by adjectives or possessives1 "o or m ( !m may be omitt$ by ellipsis1 b ! v]b mu/ be plural1 & agree ) !m all2 z1 ,a lit]>y1 a sci5tific1 a weal?y1 & a poor man1 7 assembl$ 9 "o room4--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bfc4 ,"h f\r diff]5t m5 are cle>ly spok5 (4 ,else ! ris+ & ! fall+ emphasis are ! same4--,kn[les's ,elocutioni/1 p4 #cc4 ,"h ! n\n emphasis is und]/ood aft] ris+4 ,! s+ul> & ! plural =m seem to be conf\nd$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,"h ! n\n =m is pres5t$ to ! m9d twice2 & !re=e ! article %\ld h be5 repeat$4 ,see ,obs4 #ae? on ,rule #a/4 ,my f>m & ,william's are adjac5t to ea* o!r4--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bbj4 ,"h ! n\n f>m is und]/ood aft] ! possessive ,william's1 ?\gh ! au?or ( ! s5t5ce fooli%ly attempts to expla9 x o!rwise4 ,se?'s1 ,ri*>d's & ,edmund's f>ms are ^? :i* _! fa!rs left !m4--,ib41 p4 #beg4 ,"h ! n\n f>ms is und]/ood aft] ,se?'s1 & aga9 aft] ,ri*>d's2 s t ! s5t5ce is writt5 wrong1 unless ea* man has m ?an "o f>m4 ,0 n ,demo/h5es's /yle1 & 8 ma/] ,plato's1 p]fectly ,attic2 & yet none m l(ty8--,milnes's ,greek ,gram41 p4 #bda4 ,"h /yle is und]/ood aft] ,plato's2 :]e=e 0 %\ld r be 71 or else & %\ld be *ang$ to z well z4 ,b ! text1 z x /&s1 is n mu* unlike "s ( ! exceptions notic$ above4 ,! "* ( a fop1 & ( a r\gh w>rior1 are no :]e m successfully contra/$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bcf4 ,"h ! ellipsis is n v prop]4 ,say1 ! "* ( a fop1 & t ( a r\gh w>rior1 c4 ,aga93 ,we may obs]ve1 t ! eloqu5ce ( ! b>1 ( ! legislature1 & ( public assemblies1 are seldom or ev] f\nd unit$ to high p]fection 9 ! same p]son4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bef4 ,"h ! ellipsis _c s well be avoid$ by means ( ! pronom9al adjective t1 & !re=e x may be ?\ght m excusable2 b ,i %\ld pref] a repetition ( ! nom9ative3 z1 ,we may obs]ve1 t ! eloqu5ce ( ! b>1 ! eloqu5ce ( ! legislature1 & ! eloqu5ce ( public assemblies1 are seldom if ev] f\nd unit$1 9 any high degree1 9 ! same p]son4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,! conjunction z1 :5 x connects nom9atives t are 9 apposition1 or significant ( ! same p]son or ?+1 is commonly plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce1 s t ! v]b agrees ) its prop] nom9ative foll[+ ! explanatory ^w3 ?us1 ,z a poet1 he holds a high rank4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #cee4 ,z a poet1 ,addison claims a high praise4--,ib41 p4 #cjd4 ,z a model ( ,engli% prose1 8 writ+s m]it ! greate/ praise4--,ib41 p4 #cje4 ,b :5 ?is conjunction d5otes a comp>ison betwe5 diff]5t p]sons or ?+s signifi$ by two nom9atives1 !re mu/ be two v]bs express$ or und]/ood1 ea* agree+ ) its own subject2 z1 ,su* writ]s z he is1 h no reputation wor? any man's envy4 #cif ,su* m5 z he is be nev] at he>t's ease ,:iles !y behold a great] ?an !mselves4--,%akspe>e4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,:5 two nom9atives are connect$ by z well z1 b1 or save1 !y mu/ 9 fact h two v]bs1 ?\gh 9 mo/ in/ances only "o is express$2 z1 ,su* is ! mutual dep5d5ce ( words 9 s5t5ces1 t sev]al o!rs1 z well z is ! adjective1 are n to be us$ alone4--,dr4 ,wilson's ,essay1 p4 #ii4 ,! ,con/itution 0 to be ! "o fundam5tal law ( ! l&1 to :i* all1 z well ,/ates z p1 %\ld submit4--,w4 ,i4 ,,b[dit*3 ,lib]ator1 ,no4 #ihd4 ,z well ^? :i* hi/ory1 z ^? :i* exp]i5ce (f]s to our reflection4-- ,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 p4 #he4 ,"h ! words (f]s to our reflection are und]/ood aft] hi/ory4 ,none b ,he :o disc]ns futurity1 c\ld h =etold & describ$ all ^! ?+s4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #fb4 ,t !re 0 9 ^? times no o!r writ]1 ( any degree ( em95ce1 save he himself4--,pope's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #dc4 ,i d entreat y n a man dep>t1 ,save ,i alone1 till ,antony h spoke4--,%ak41 ,j4 ,cs>4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,"s gramm>ians say1 t b & save1 :5 !y d5ote exception1 %\ld gov]n ! objective case z prepositions4 ,b ?is idea is1 )\t d\bt1 contr>y to ! curr5t usage ( ! be/ au?ors1 ei!r anci5t or mod]n4 ,:]e=e ,i ?9k x evid5t t ^! gramm>ians err4 ,! objective case ( n\ns be+ l ! nom9ative1 ! po9t c be prov$ only by ! pron\ns2 z1 ,!re is none b he alone4--,p]k9s's ,!ology1 #afjh4 ,!re is none o!r b he4--,m>k1 xii1 #cb4 7,?is text is good au?ority z reg>ds ! case1 ?\gh x is incorrect 9 an o!r respect3 x %\ld h be51 ,!re is none b he1 or else1 ,!re is no o!r ?an he47 ,no man ha? asc5d$ up to heav51 b he t came d[n f heav54--,john1 iii1 #ac4 ,n t any man ha? se5 ! fa!r1 save he :i* is ( ,god4--,john1 vi1 #df4 ,few c1 save he & ,i4--,byron's ,w]n]4 ,!re is none ju/ifi$1 b he t is 9 measure sanctifi$4--,isaac ,p5+ton4 ,save1 z a conjunction1 is ne>ly obsolete4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,9 ,rev41 ii1 #ag?1 we read1 ,:i* no man kn[e?1 sav+ he t receive? x2 & aga91 xiii1 #ag?1 ,t no man might buy or sell1 save he t _h ! m>k4 ,! foll[+ text is inaccurate1 b n 9 ! con/ruction ( ! nom9ative !y3 ,all m5 _c receive ?is say+1 save !y to :om x is giv54--,matt41 xix1 #aa4 ,! v]sion ought to h be51 ,n all m5 c receive ?is say+1 b !y only to :om x is giv53 i4e41 !y only c receive x1 to :om !re is giv5 p[] to receive x4 ,( b ) a nom9ative1 examples may be multipli$ indef9itely4 ,! foll[+ are z good z any3 ,!re is no ,god b ,he4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #bg4 ,! =m] none b ,he c\ld execute4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #cag4 ,!re 0 nobody at home b ,i4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ie4 ,a fact1 ( :i* z none b he c\ld be consci\s1 s none b he c\ld be ! publi%] ( x4--,pope's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #aag4 ,few b !y :o are involv$ 9 ! vices1 are involv$ 9 ! irreligion ( ! times4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 i1 #aja4 ,i claim my "r4 ,no ,grecian pr9ce b ,i ,has p[] ?is b[ to grant1 or to d5y4 --,pope1 ,odys41 ,b4 xxi1 l4 #bgb4 ,?us %e1 & none b %e1 ! insult+ rage ,( h]etics oppos'd f age to age4 --,dryd5's ,poems1 p4 #ih4 ,9 opposition to all ^! au?orities1 & _m m t might be add$1 we h1 ) n[ & !n a text ( false syntax1 ! absurd op9ion ( p]haps a score or two ( our gramm>ians2 "o ( :om imag9es he has f\nd 9 ! foll[+ c\plet f ,swift1 an example to ! purpose2 b he =gets t ! v]b let gov]ns ! objective case3 ,let none b him :o rules ! ?und]1 ,attempt to "p ^! twa9 asund]4 --,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,x is truly a wond]1 t s _m pr(ess$ critics %\ld n see ! absurdity ( tak+ b & save = prepositions1 :5 ?is c be done only by condemn+ ! curr5t usage ( ne>ly all good au?ors1 z well z ! common op9ion ( mo/ gramm>ians2 & ! great] is ! wond]1 because !y seem to d x innoc5tly1 or to tea* x *ildi%ly1 z n kn[+ t !y _c ju/ify bo? sides1 :5 ! "q lies betwe5 opposite & contradictory pr9ciples4 ,by ?is sort ( simplicity1 :i* approves ( errors1 if mu* practis$1 & ( opposites1 or ess5tial contr>ies1 :5 au?orities may be f\nd = !m1 no "w1 p]haps1 is m /rik+ly *>act]iz$1 ?an ! popul> ,s*ool ,gramm> ( ,w4 ,h4 ,wells4 ,?is au?or says1 ,! use ( b z a preposition is approv$ by ,j4 ,e4 ,worce/]1 ,john ,walk]1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,picket1 ,hiley1 ,angus1 ,lynde1 ,hull1 ,p[]s1 ,spe>1 ,f>num1 ,f[le1 ,goldsbury1 ,p]ley1 ,cobb1 ,badgley1 ,coop]1 ,jones1 ,davis1 ,beall1 ,h5drick1 ,haz51 & ,good5[4--,s*ool ,gram41 #ahej1 p4 #agh4 ,b :at if all ^! au?ors d pref]1 b him1 & save him1 :]e t5 times z _m w\ld say1 b he1 save he8 ,is x !re=e difficult to det]m9e :i* p>ty is "r8 ,or is x prop] = a gramm>ian to "n sundry au?orities on bo? sides1 excite d\bt 9 ! m9d ( 8 read]1 & leave ! matt] unsettl$8 ,! use ( b z a preposition1 he also /ates1 is disc\nt5anc$ by ,g4 ,br[n1 ,sanborn1 ,murray1 ,s4 ,oliv]1 & sev]al o!r gramm>ians4 7,see also an able article 9 ! ,mass4 ,common ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ai47--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,,obs4 #af4--,wells passes no c5sure on ! use ( nom9atives aft] b & save2 does n intimate :i* case is fitte/ to foll[ ^! words2 gives no false syntax "u 8 rule = ! regim5 ( prepositions2 b ins]ts !re ! foll[+ brief rem>ks & examples3 ,,rem4 #c4--,! ^w save is frequ5tly us$ to p]=m ! (fice ( a preposition2 z1 ',& all desi/$1 all save him alone4'--,wordswor?4 ,,rem4 #d4--;,b is sometimes employ$ z a preposition1 9 ! s5se ( except2 z1 ',! boy /ood on ! burn+ deck1 ,:5ce all b him _h fl$4'--,hemans4--,ib41 p4 #afg4 ,n[1 ,,b1 says ,worce/]1 z well z ,tooke & o!rs1 0 orig9ally bot1 contract$ f be out2 &1 if ?is notion ( its etymology is j1 x mu/ c]ta9ly be foll[$ by ! nom9ative case1 r ?an by ! objective2 = ! imp]ative be or be out gov]ns no case1 admits no additional t]m b a nom9ative--an obvi\s & important fact1 q ov]look$ by ^? :o call b a preposition4 ,accord+ to ,all5 ,h4 ,weld1 b & save are commonly consid]$ prepositions1 b are m commonly t]m$ conjunctions6 ,?is au?or repeats ,wells's examples ( save him1 & b him1 z be+ "r2 & mixes !m ) opposite examples ( save he1 b he1 save ,i1 :i* he ?9ks to be m "r6--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #ahg4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,pr(essor ,f[l]1 too1 an o!r au?or rem>kable = a facility ( embrac+ incompatibles1 contr>ies1 or dubieties1 n only condemns z false syntax ! use ( save = an exceptive conjunction4 7#ehg4 #bh17 b cites approv+ly f ,la?am ! foll[+ v /range absurdity3 ,"o & ! same ^w1 9 "o & ! same s5t5ce1 may be a ,conjunction or a ,preposition1 z ! case may be3 z ,all fl$ b ,john4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #eee4 ,?is is equival5t to say+1 t "o & ! same s5t5ce may be two diff]5t s5t5ces2 may1 )\t error1 be und]/ood 9 two diff]5t s5ses2 may be rightly tak51 resolv$1 & p>s$ 9 two diff]5t ways6 ,nay1 x is equival5t to a d5ial ( ! old logical position1 t ,x is impossible = a ?+ to be & n be at ! same "t2 = x supposes b1 9 ! in/ance giv51 to be at once bo? a conjunction & n a conjunction1 bo? a preposition & n a preposition1 z ! case may be6 ,x is true1 t "o & ! same ^w may sometimes be diff]5tly p>s$ by diff]5t gramm>ians1 & possibly ev5 an adept may d\bt :o or :at is "r4 ,b :at ambiguity ( con/ruction1 or :at div]sity ( int]pretation1 proce$+ f ! same h&1 c ^! admissions be suppos$ to w>rant8 ,! =ego+ citation is a boyi% attempt to ju/ify diff]5t modes ( p>s+ ! same expression1 on ! gr\nd t ! expression itself is equivocal4 ,all fl$ b ,john1 is ?\ght to mean equally well1 ,all fl$ b he1 &1 ,all fl$ b him2 :ile ^! latt] expressions are errone\sly presum$ to be alike good ,engli%1 & to h a diff]5ce ( mean+ correspond+ to _! diff]5ce ( con/ruction4 ,n[1 :at is equivocal1 or ambigu\s1 be+ !re=e errone\s1 is to be correct$1 r ?an p>s$ 9 any way4 ,b ,i d5y bo? ! ambiguity & ! diff]5ce ( mean+ :i* ^! critics pr(ess to f9d among ! said phrases4 ,john fl$ n1 b all ! re/ fl$1 is virtually :at is told u 9 ea* ( !m2 b1 9 ! =m1 ,all fl$ b him1 x is told ungrammatically2 9 ! o!r two1 correctly4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,9 ,lat91 cum ) an ablative1 sometimes has1 or is suppos$ to h1 ! =ce ( ! conjunction et ) a nom9ative2 z1 ,dux cum aliquot pr9cipibus capiuntur4--,,livy3 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,9 imitation ( ?is con/ruction1 "s ,engli% writ]s h sub/itut$ ) = &1 & v>i$ ! v]b accord+ly2 z1 ,a long c\rse ( "t1 ) a v>iety ( accid5ts & circum/ances1 are requisite to produce ^? revolutions4--,,hume3 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aca2 ,w>e's1 #ab2 ,prie/ley's1 #ahf4 ,?is phraseology1 ?\gh c5sur$ by ,all51 0 expressly approv$ by ,prie/ley1 :o introduc$ ! pres5t example1 z 8 pro( text "u ! foll[+ obs]vation3 ,x is n necess>y t ! two subjects ( an affirmation %\ld /& 9 ! v same con/ruction1 to require ! v]b to be 9 ! plural numb]4 ,if "o ( !m be made to dep5d ^u ! o!r by a connect+ p>ticle1 x may1 9 "s cases1 h ! same =ce1 z if x 7 indep5d5t ( x4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahf4 ,l9dley ,murray1 on ! contr>y1 condemns ?is doctr9e1 & aft] cit+ ! same example ) o!rs1 says3 ,x is h[ev]1 prop] to obs]ve t ^! modes ( expression d n appe> to be w>rant$ by ! j pr9ciples ( con/ruction4-- ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,he !n proce$s to prove 8 po9t1 by alleg+ t ! preposition gov]ns ! objective case 9 ,engli%1 & ! ablative 9 ,lat91 & t :at is s gov]n$1 _c be ! nom9ative1 or any "p ( x4 ,all ?is is true en\gh1 b /ill "s m5 :o "k x p]fectly well1 w n[ & !n write z if !y did n believe x4 ,& s x 0 ) ! writ]s ( ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,!y sometimes wrote bad syntax2 & ! gramm>ians h n always se5 & c5sur$ _! errors z !y ought4 ,s9ce ! preposition makes its object only an adjunct ( ! prec$+ n\n1 or ( some?+ else1 ,i imag9e t any con/ruction :i* ?us assumes two diff]5t cases z jo9t nom9atives or jo9t antec$5ts1 mu/ ne$s be inh]5tly faulty4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,dr4 ,adam simply rem>ks1 ,! plural is sometimes us$ aft] ! preposition cum put = et2 z1 ,remo cum fratre ,quir9us jura dabunt4 ,virg4--,lat9 & ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #bjg2 ,g\ld's ,adam's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #bjd2 ,w4 ,all5's ,engli% ,gram41 #aca4 ,?is example is n fairly cit$2 ?\gh _m h adopt$ ! p]v]sion1 z if !y knew no bett]4 ,alex&] has x 9 a worse =m /ill3 ,quir9us1 cum fratre1 jura dabunt4--,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,virgil's words are1 ,cana ,,fides1 et ,,ve/a1 ,remo cum fratre ,quir9us1 ,jura dabunt4--neid1 ,b4 i1 l4 #bif4 ,nor is cum "h put = et1 unless we suppose also an antiptosis ( ,remo fratre = ,remus frat]2 & !n :at %all ! lit]al mean+ be1 & h[ %all ! rules ( syntax be accommodat$ to su* *anges8 ,fair examples1 t be> ^u ! po9t1 may1 h[ev]1 be adduc$ f good au?ors1 & 9 v>i\s languages2 b ! "q is1 are !y correct 9 syntax8 ,?us ,dr4 ,rob]tson3 ,! palace ( ,piz>ro1 toge!r ) ! h\ses ( sev]al ( 8 adh]5ts1 7 pillag$ by ! soldi]s4-- ,hi/4 ( ,am]41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #acc4 ,to me1 ?is appe>s pla9ly ungrammatical2 &1 c]ta9ly1 !re are ways en\gh 9 :i* x may be correct$4 ,fir/1 ) ! pres5t connective reta9$1 7 ought to be 04 ,secondly1 if 7 be reta9$1 toge!r ) ought to be *ang$ to &1 or & also4 ,?irdly1 we may well *ange bo?1 & say1 ,! palace ( ,piz>ro1 z well z ! h\ses ( sev]al ( 8 adh]5ts1 0 pillag$ by ! soldi]s4 ,aga91 9 ,m>k1 ix1 #d?1 we read3 ,& !re appe>$ unto !m ,elias1 ) ,moses2 & !y 7 talk+ ) ,jesus4 ,if ?is text meant t ! ?ree disciples 7 talk+ ) ,jesus1 x w\ld be "r z x /&s2 b ,/4 ,mat!w has x1 ,&1 behold1 !re appe>$ unto !m ,moses & ,elias1 talk+ ) him2 & our v]sion 9 ,luke is1 ,&1 behold1 !re talk$ ) him two m51 :i* 7 ,moses & ,elias4--,*ap4 ix1 #cj4 ,by ^! correspond+ texts1 !n1 we le>n1 t ! pron\n !y1 :i* our translators ins]t$1 0 meant = ,elias ) ,moses2 b ! ,greek v]b = appe>$1 z us$ by ,m>k1 is s+ul>1 & agrees only ) ,elias4 ,greek3 ,kai oph? autois ,aelias sun ,mosei1 kai hsan syllal\ntes to ,isoy4--,et app>uit illis ,elias cum ,mose1 et erant colloqu5tes ,jesu4--,montanus4 ,et visus e/ eis ,elias cum ,mose1 qui colloquebantur cum ,jesu4--,beza4 ,?is is z discrepant z our v]sion1 ?\gh n s ambigu\s4 ,! ,fr5* ,bible avoids ! incongruity3 ,et iis vir5t p>otre ,moyse et ,elie1 qui s'entret5oi5t avec ,jsus4 ,t is1 ,& !re appe>$ to !m ,moses & ,elias1 :o 7 talk+ ) ,jesus4 ,p]haps ! close/ & be/ v]sion ( ! ,greek w\ld be1 ,& !re appe>$ to !m ,elias1 ) ,moses2#cig & ^! two 7 talk+ ) ,jesus4 ,!re is1 9 our ,bible1 an o!r in/ance ( ! con/ruction n[ 9 "q2 b x has no support f ! ,septuag9t1 ! ,vulgate1 or ! ,fr5*3 to wit1 ,! second lot came =? to ,g$aliah1 :o ) 8 bre?r5 & sons 7 twelve4--#a ,*ron41 xxv1 #i4 ,bett]3 & he1 8 bre?r51 & 8 sons1 7 twelve4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,cobbett1 :o1 ?\gh he wrote sev]al gramm>s1 0 b a v sup]ficial gramm>ian1 seems nev] to h d\bt$ ! propriety ( putt+ ) = &2 & yet he 0 confess$ly n a little puzzl$ to f9d out :5 to use a s+ul>1 & :5 a plural v]b1 aft] a nom9ative ) su* a sort ( addition made to x4 ,! #bdf? p>agraph ( 8 ,engli% ,gramm> is a long & fruitless attempt to fix a rule = ! guidance ( ! le>n] 9 ?is matt]4 ,aft] da%+ (f a culpable example1 ,sidm\?1 ) ,oliv] ! spye1 h br\ght ,br&re? to ! block2 or1 z 8 late editions h x1 ,! ,tyrant1 ) ! ,spy1 h br\ght ,pet] to ! block4 ,he adds3 ,we hesitate :i* to employ1 ! s+ul> or ! plural v]b2 t is to say1 has or h4 ,! mean+ mu/ be our guide4 ,if we mean1 t ! act has be5 done by ! ,tyrant himself1 & t ! spy has be5 a m]e involunt>y ag5t1 !n we ought to use ! s+ul>2 b if we believe t ! spy has be5 a co-op]ator1 an associate1 an accomplice1 !n we mu/ use ! plural v]b4 ,ay1 truly2 b mu/ we n also1 9 ! latt] case1 use &1 & n )8 ,aft] "s fur!r illu/rations1 he says3 ,:5 ) means along )1 toge!r )1 9 ,company )1 & ! l1 x is ne>ly ! same z &2 & !n ! plural v]b mu/ be us$3 z1 ',he1 ) 8 bro!rs1 are able to d mu*4' ,n1 'is able to d mu*4' ,if ! pron\n be us$ in/ead ( bro!rs1 x w be 9 ! objective case3 ',he1 ) !m1 are able to d mu*4' ,b ?is is no imp$im5t to ! includ+ ( ! n\n 7repres5t$ by !m7 9 ! nom9ative4 ,i wond] :at w\ld be an imp$im5t to ! absurdities ( su* a dogmati/6 ,! foll[+ is 8 la/ example3 ',zeal1 ) discretion1 d mu*2' & n 'does mu*2' = we mean1 on ! contr>y1 t x does no?+4 ,x is ! mean+ t mu/ det]m9e :i* ( ! numb]s we ought to employ4 ,?is au?or's examples are all fictions ( 8 own1 & su* ( !m z "h h a plural v]b1 are wrong4 ,8 rule is also wrong1 & contr>y to ! be/ au?ority4 ,/4 ,paul says to ,timo?y1 ,godl9ess ) cont5tm5t is great ga93--#a ,tim41 vi1 #f4 ,?is text is "r2 b ,cobbett's pr9ciple w\ld g to prove x errone\s4 ,is he ! only man :o has ev] _h a "r notion ( its mean+8 or is he n r at fault 9 8 int]pretations8 ,,obs4 #ba4--,!re is "o o!r app>5t exception to ,rule #af?1 7or p]haps a real "o17 9 :i* !re is ei!r an ellipsis ( ! preposition )1 or else ! v]b is made s+ul> because ! fir/ n\n only is its true subject1 & ! o!rs are explanatory nom9atives to :i* ! same v]b mu/ be und]/ood 9 ! plural numb]2 z1 ,a tor*1 snuff & all1 goes out 9 a mom5t1 :5 dipp$ 9 ! vap\r4--,,addison3 9 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,all4 ,d[n comes ! tree1 ne/1 eagles1 & all4--,see ,all1 ibidem4 ,"h goes & comes are necess>ily made s+ul>1 ! =m] agree+ ) tor* & ! latt] ) tree2 &1 if ! o!r n\ns1 :i* are l an explanatory p>5!sis1 are nom9atives1 z !y appe> to me to be1 !y mu/ be subjects ( g & come und]/ood4 ,cobbett tea*es u to say1 ,! bag1 ) ! gu9eas & doll>s 9 x1 7 /ol51 & n1 0 /ol54 ,=1 says he1 if we say 0 /ol51 x is possible = u to mean1 t ! bag only 0 /ol51--,engli% ,gram41 #bdf4 ,& ,i suppose he w\ld say1 ,! bag1 gu9eas1 doll>s1 & all1 7 /ol51 & n1 0 /ol52 = "h a rule ( syntax might be urg$1 9 addition to 8 false argum5t f ! s5se4 ,b ! mean+ ( ! =m] s5t5ce is1 ,! bag 0 /ol51 ) ! gu9eas & doll>s 9 x2 & ! mean+ ( ! latt] is1 ,! bag 0 /ol51 gu9eas1 doll>s1 & all4 ,nor c !re be any d\bt ab\t ! mean+1 place ! words :i* way y w2 & :atev]1 9 ei!r case1 may be ! true con/ruction ( ! words 9 ! p>5!tical or explanatory phrase1 !y %\ld n1 ,i ?9k1 prev5t ! v]b f agree+ ) ! fir/ n\n only4 ,b if ! o!r n\ns int]v5e )\t affect+ ?is concord1 & )\t a preposition to gov]n !m1 x may be well to di/+ui% !m 9 ! punctuation2 z1 ,! bag1 7gu9eas1 doll>s1 & all17 0 /ol54 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xvi4 ,,note ,i4--,:5 ! conjunction & betwe5 two nom9atives appe>s to require a plural v]b1 b su* =m ( ! v]b is n agreeable1 x is bett] to reject or *ange ! connective1 t ! v]b may /& correctly 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 z1 ,!re is a peculi> =ce & beauty 9 ?is figure4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bbd4 ,bett]3 ,!re is a peculi> =ce1 z well z a peculi> beauty1 9 ?is figure4 ,:at means ?is re/less /ir & commotion ( m9d8--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bdb4 ,bett]3 ,:at means ?is re/less /ir1 ?is commotion ( m9d8 ,,note ,,ii4--,:5 two subjects or antec$5ts are connect$1 "o ( :i* is tak5 affirmatively1 & ! o!r negatively1 !y belong to diff]5t propositions2 & ! v]b or pron\n mu/ agree ) ! affirmative subject1 & be und]/ood to ! o!r3 z ,dilig5t indu/ry1 & n mean sav+s1 produces hon\rable compet5ce4--,n a l\d voice b /rong pro(s br+ conviction4--,my pov]ty1 b n my w1 cons5ts4--,%akespe>e4 ,,note ,,iii4--,:5 two subjects or antec$5ts are connect$ by z well z1 b1 or save1 !y belong to diff]5t propositions2 &1 7unless "o ( !m is prec$$ by ! adv]b n17 ! v]b & pron\n mu/ agree ) ! =m] & be und]/ood to ! latt]3 z1 ,v]acity1 z well z ju/ice1 is to be our rule ( life4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bhc4 ,! l[e/ me*anic1 z well z ! ri*e/ citiz51 may boa/ t ?\s&s ( 8 fell[-creatures are employ$ = him4--,p]cival's ,tales1 ii1 #agg4 ,^! pr9ciples1 z well z e j rule ( criticism1 are f\nd$ ^u ! s5sitive "p ( our nature4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 xxvi4 ,no?+ b wail+s 0 he>d4--,none b ?\ c aid u4--,no mortal man1 save he1 c41 _h e'er surviv$ to say he saw4--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,,note ,,iv4--,:5 two or m subjects or antec$5ts are prec$$ by ! adjective ea*1 e1 or no1 !y are tak5 sep>ately2 &1 7except no be foll[$ by a plural n\n17 !y require ! v]b & pron\n to be 9 ! s+ul> numb]3 z1 ,no rank1 no hon\r1 no =tune1 no condition 9 life1 makes ! guilty m9d happy4--,e phrase & e figure :i* he uses1 t5ds to r5d] ! picture m lively & complete4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agi4 ,& e s5se1 & e he>t1 is joy4--,?omson4 ,ea* bea/1 ea* insect1 happy 9 its own4--,pope4 ,,note ,v4--,:5 any words or t]ms are to be tak5 conjo9tly z subjects or antec$5ts1 ! conjunction &1 79 pref]5ce to )1 or1 nor1 or any ?+ else17 mu/ connect !m4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is !re=e inaccurate2 ) %\ld be &2 or else 7 %\ld be 03 ,"o ( !m1 ! wife ( ,?omas ,cole1 ) h] husb&1 7 %ot d[n1 ! o!rs escap$4--,hut*9son's ,hi/41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #hf4 ,s1 9 ! foll[+ c\plet1 or %\ld be &1 or else eng9es %\ld be eng9e3 ,:at if ! head1 ! eye1 or e> rep9$1 ,to s]ve m]e eng9es to ! rul+ m9d8--,pope4 ,,note ,,vi4--,improp] omissions mu/ be suppli$2 b :5 !re occurs a true ellipsis 9 ! con/ruction ( jo9t nom9atives or jo9t antec$5ts1 ! v]b or pron\n mu/ agree ) !m 9 ! plural1 j z if all ! words 7 express$3 z1 ,! second & ! ?ird ,epi/le ( ,john are ea* b "o %ort *apt]4--,! metaphorical & ! lit]al mean+ are improp]ly mix$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cci4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,words1 sep>ately consid]'d1 & 9 a ,s5t5ce1 are ,?+s di/9ct en\gh4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iv4 ,bett] p]haps3 ,! doctr9e ( words sep>ately consid]$1 & t ( words 9 a s5t5ce1 are ?+s di/9ct en\gh4 ,! ,curii's & ! ,camilli's little field1 ,to va/ ext5d$ t]ritories yield4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 i1 l4 #cbj4 ,,note ,,vii4--,two or m di/9ct subject phrases connect$ by &1 require a plural v]b1 & g5]ally a plural n\n too1 if a nom9ative foll[ ! v]b2 z1 ,to be wise 9 our own eyes1 to be wise 9 ! op9ion ( ! _w1 & to be wise 9 ! sight ( our ,creator1 are ?ree ?+s s v diff]5t1 z r>ely to co9cide4--,blair4 ',?is picture ( my fri5d1' & ',?is picture ( my fri5d's1' sugge/ v diff]5t ideas4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ga2 ,murray's1 i1 #agh4 ,read ( ?is burgess--on ! /one appe>1 ,h[ wor?y he6 h[ virtu\s6 & h[ de>6--,crabbe4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvi4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,v]b ,,aft] ,,jo9t ,,nom9atives4 ,s mu* ability & m]it is seldom f\nd4--,murray's ,key1 #abmo1 p4 #ah2 ,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b is is 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & does n correctly agree ) its two nom9atives1 ability & m]it1 :i* are connect$ by &1 & tak5 conjo9tly4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #af?1 ,:5 a v]b has two or m nom9atives connect$ by &1 x mu/ agree ) !m jo9tly 9 ! plural1 because !y are tak5 toge!r4 ,!re=e1 is %\ld be are2 ?us1 ,s mu* ability & m]it are seldom f\nd4 ,or3 ,s mu* ability & s mu* m]it are seldom f\nd4 ,! syntax & etymology ( ! language is ?us spread be=e ! le>n]4--,bullions's ,engli% ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 ,rec41 p4 iii4 ,dr4 ,johnson tells u1 t 9 ,engli% poetry ! acc5t & ! quantity ( syllables is ! same ?+4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 ii1 #bac4 ,_! g5]al scope & t5d5cy1 hav+ nev] be5 cle>ly appreh5d$1 is n rememb]$ at all4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #abf4 ,! soil & sov]eignty 0 n pur*as$ ( ! natives4--,knapp's ,lect4 on ,am]4 ,lit41 p4 #ee4 ,! boldness1 fre$om1 & v>iety ( our blank v]se1 is inf9itely m fav\rable ?an rhyme1 to all k9ds ( sublime poetry4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dj4 ,! vivacity & s5sibility ( ! ,greeks seems to h be5 mu* great] ?an ours4--,ib41 p4 #bec4 ,= sometimes ! ,mood & ,t5se is signifi$ by ! ,v]b1 sometimes !y are signifi$ ( ! ,v]b by some?+ else4'--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bed4 ,! ,v]b & ! ,n\n mak+ a complete ,s5se1 :i* ! ,p>ticiple & ! ,n\n does n4--,ib41 p4 #bee4 ,! gr[? & decay ( passions & emotions1 trac$ ?r\gh all _! mazes1 is a subject too ext5sive = an und]tak+ l ! pres5t4--,kames ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ajh4 ,! true mean+ & etymology ( "s ( 8 words 0 lo/4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alph41 p4 #cg4 ,:5 ! =ce & direction ( p]sonal satire is no long] und]/ood4--,junius1 p4 #e4 ,! frame & condition ( man admits ( no o!r pr9ciple4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #ed4 ,"s consid]able "t & c>e 0 necess>y4--,ib41 ii #aej4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is idea1 mu* ridicule & c5sure has be5 ?r[n ^u ,milton4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dbh4 ,) rational be+s1 nature & reason is ! same ?+4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #aaa4 ,& ! flax & ! b>ley 0 smitt54--,exod41 ix1 #ca4 ,! colon1 & semicolon1 divides a p]iod1 ?is )1 & t )\t a connective4--,j4 ,w>e's ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,consequ5tly :]ev] space & "t is f\nd1 !re ,god mu/ also be4--,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,z ! pa/ t5se & p]fect p>ticiple ( love ends 9 ed1 x is regul>4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 p4 #dj2 ,new ,edition1 p4 #ff4 ,b ! usual arrangem5t & nom5clature prev5ts ?is f be+ readily se54--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,d & did simply implies opposition or emphasis4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,i & ano!r make we1 plural3 ,?\ & ano!r is z mu* z ye3 ,he1 %e1 or x & ano!r make !y--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,i & ano!r1 is z mu* z 7we7 ! fir/ ,p]son ,plural2 ,?\ & ano!r1 is z mu* z 7ye7 ! second ,p]son ,plural2 ,he1 %e1 or x1 & ano!r1 is z mu* z 7!y7 ! ?ird ,p]son ,plural4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #aic2 ,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #gf4 ,god & ?\ art two1 & ?\ & ?y neighb\r are two4--,! ,love ,conque/1 p4 #be4 ,j z an & a has aris5 out ( ! num]al "o4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo4 #ahej1 #bjj4 ,! tone & /yle ( ea* ( !m1 p>ticul>ly ! fir/ & ! la/1 is v diff]5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdf4 ,ev5 z ! roebuck & ! h>t is eat54--,deut41 xiii1 #bb4 ,!n ,i may conclude t two & ?ree makes n five4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #ced4 ,:i* at sundry times ?\ & ?y bre?r5 ha/ receiv$ f u4--,ib41 i1 #afe4 ,two & two is f\r1 & "o is five4--,,pope3 ,lives ( ! ,poets1 p4 #dij4 ,humility & k ) poor app>el1 excels pride & ignorance "u co/ly array4--,day's ,gram41 ,p>s+ ,lesson1 p4 #ajj4 ,a page & a half has be5 add$ to ! section on composition4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 #e? ,ed41 ,pref41 p4 vii4 ,accuracy & exp]tness 9 ?is ex]cise is an important acquisition4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,woods & groves are ( ?y dress+1 ,hill & dale do? boa/ ?y bless+4--,milton's ,poems1 p4 #aci4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,v]b ,,be=e ,,jo9t ,,nom9atives4 ,!re is a good & a bad1 a "r & a wrong 9 ta/e1 z 9 o!r ?+s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ba4 ,:5ce has aris5 mu* /iffness & affectation4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,to ?is error is ow+1 9 a great measure1 t intricacy & h>%ness1 9 8 figurative language1 :i* ,i be=e rem>k$4--,ib41 p4 #aej2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #aeg4 ,h5ce1 9 8 ,night ,?\ghts1 !re prevails an obscurity & h>dness 9 8 /yle4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aej4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 9 t "w mu* good s5se1 & excell5t criticism4--,ib41 p4 #dja4 ,!re is too mu* l[ wit & scurrility 9 ,plautus4--,ib41 p4 #dha4 ,!re is too mu* reason+ & ref9em5t2 too mu* pomp & /udi$ beauty 9 !m4--,ib41 p4 #dfh4 ,h5ce arises ! /ructure & *>act]i/ic expression ( exclamation4--,ru% on ! ,voice1 p4 #bbi4 ,& su* pilots is he & 8 bre?r51 accord+ to _! own confession4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #cad4 ,( :om is ,hym5eus & ,philetus3 :o conc]n+ ! tru? h err$4--#b ,tim41 ii1 #ag4 ,( :om is ,hym5eus & ,alex&]2 :om ,i h deliv]$ unto ,satan4--#a ,tim41 i1 #bj4 ,& s 0 ,james & ,john1 ! sons ( ,zeb$ee4--,luke1 v1 #aj4 ,out ( ! same m\? proce$e? bless+ & curs+4--,james1 iii1 #aj4 ,out ( ! m\? ( ! ,mo/ ,high proce$e? n evil & good4--,lam41 iii1 #ch4 ,9 :i* !re is mo/ pla9ly a "r & a wrong4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bae4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce !re is bo? an actor & an object4--,smi?'s ,inductive ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,9 ! brea/-plate 0 plac$ ! my/]i\s ,urim & ,?ummim4--,milman's ,jews1 i1 #hh4 ,:at is ! g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son ( ^? 9 ! fir/8--,smi?'s ,productive ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,!re seems to be a famili>ity & want ( dignity 9 x4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,x has be5 (t5 ask$1 :at is ,lat9 & ,greek8--,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #bji4 ,= :]e does beauty & high wit ,b 9 y\r con/ellation meet8--,hudibras1 p4 #acd4 ,!nce to ! l& :]e fl[s ,ganges & ,indus4--,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #ha4 ,on ^! f\ndations seems to re/ ! midnight riot & dissipation ( mod]n assemblies4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #df4 ,b :at has disease1 de=mity1 & fil?1 ^u :i* ! ?\ghts c be allur$ to dwell8--,johnson's ,life ( ,swift1 p4 #dib4 ,h[ is ! g5d] & numb] ( ! relative kn[n8--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #cb4 ,high rides ! sun1 ?ick rolls ! du/1 ,& feebl] spe$s ! bl[ & ?ru/4--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,*ange ,,! ,,connective4 ,9 e language !re prevails a c]ta9 /ructure & analogy ( p>ts1 :i* is und]/ood to give f\ndation to ! mo/ reputable usage4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ij4 ,!re runs ?r\gh 8 :ole mann]1 a /iffness & affectation1 :i* r5d]s him v unfit to be consid]$ a g5]al model4--,ib41 p4 #ajb4 ,b :]e declamation & improvem5t 9 spee* is ! sole aim--,ib41 p4 #beg4 ,= x is by ^! *iefly1 t ! tra9 ( ?\ght1 ! c\rse ( reason+1 & ! :ole progress ( ! m9d1 9 cont9u$ disc\rse ( all k9ds1 is laid op54--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,9 all writ+ & disc\rse1 ! prop] composition & /ructure ( s5tn5ces is ( ! highe/ importance4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aja4 ,"h ! wi%ful look & expectation ( ! begg> naturally leads to a vivid conception ( t :i* 0 ! object ( 8 ?\ghts4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #chf4 ,:o say1 t ! outw>d nam+ ( ,*ri/1 & sign+ ( ! cross1 puts away devils4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #adf4 ,by :i* an oa? & p5alty 0 to be impos$ ^u ! memb]s4--,junius1 p4 #f4 ,light & k1 9 :at mann] soev] af=d$ u1 is equally f ,god4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bfd4 ,= in/ance1 sickness & untimely dea? is ! consequ5ce ( intemp]ance4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,:5 grief1 & blood ill-temp]$ vexe? him4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #bef4 ,does cont9uity & connexion create sympa?y & relation 9 ! p>ts ( ! body8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #aaa4 ,8 greate/ conc]n1 & highe/ enjoym5t1 0 to be approv$ 9 ! sight ( 8 ,creator4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bbd4 ,"k ye n t !re is a pr9ce & a great man fall5 ?is day 9 ,israel8--#b ,sam1 iii1 #ch4 ,:at is vice & wick$ness8 ,no r>ity1 y may dep5d on x4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ajg4 ,!re is also ! fe> & appreh5sion ( x4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #hg4 ,! apo/rophe & s1 7's17 is an abbreviation = is1 ! t]m9ation ( ! old ,engli% g5itive4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,ti1 ce1 & ci1 :5 foll[$ by a v[el1 usually has ! s\nd ( %2 z 9 p>tial1 special1 ocean4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,bitt] con/ra9t & sad occasion de> ,compels me to di/urb y\r season due4--,milton's ,lycidas4 ,debau*es & excess1 ?\gh ) less noise1 ,z great a portion ( mank9d de/roys4--,wall]1 p4 #ee4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,affirmation ,,) ,,negation4 ,wisdom1 & n weal?1 procure e/eem4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #aef4 ,prud5ce1 & n pomp1 are ! basis ( 8 fame4--,ib4 ,n fe>1 b lab\r h ov]come him4--,ib4 ,! dec5cy1 & n ! ab/95ce1 make ! diff]5ce4--,ib4 ,n h] beauty1 b h] tal5ts attracts att5tion4--,ib4 ,x is h] tal5ts1 & n h] beauty1 t attracts att5tion4--,ib4 ,x is h] beauty1 & n h] tal5ts t attract att5tion4--,ib4 ,8 belly1 n 8 bra9s1 ?is impulse give3 ,he'll gr[ immortal2 = he _c live4--,"y1 to ,pope4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,z ,,well ,,z1 ,,b1 ,,or ,,save4 ,common s5se z well z piety tell u ^! are prop]4--,family ,comm5t>y1 p4 #fd4 ,= )\t x ! critic1 z well z ! und]tak]1 ignorant ( any rule1 h no?+ left b to ab&on !mselves to *ance4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #db4 ,& accord+ly hatr$ z well z love are ext+ui%$ by long abs5ce4--,ib41 i1 #aac4 ,b at e turn ! ri*e/ melody z well z ! sublime/ s5tim5ts are conspicu\s4--,ib41 ii1 #aba4 ,b x1 z well z ! l9es imm$iately subsequ5t1 defy all translation4--,col]idge's ,introduction1 p4 #if4 ,b _! religion1 z well z _! cu/oms1 & mann]s1 7 /rangely misrepres5t$4--,,bol+broke1 ,,on ,,hi/ory1 p4 #abc2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aib2 ,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #dg4 ,b 8 jeal\s policy1 z well z ! fatal antipa?y ( ,fonseca1 7 conspicu\s4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 i1 #aia4 ,:5 _! ext5t z well z _! value 7 unkn[n4--,ib41 ii1 #ach4 ,! ,etymology1 z well z ! ,syntax1 ( ! m difficult p>ts ( spee* are res]v$ = 8 att5tion at a lat] p]iod4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,e4 ,gram41 ,"p i1 p4 #c4 ,:at ,i myself owe to him1 no "o b myself "k4--,see ,wright's ,a!ns1 p4 #if4 ,none1 b ?\1 ,o mighty pr9ce6 can/ av]t ! bl[4--,in/41 p4 #aef4 ,no?+1 b frivol\s amusem5ts1 please ! indol5t4--,ib4 ,n\ght1 save ! gurgl+s ( ! rill1 7 he>d4--,g4 ,b4 ,all song/]s1 save ! hoot+ owl1 0 mute4--,g4 ,b4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,ea*1 ,,e1 ,,or ,,no4 ,give e ^w1 & e memb]1 _! due weight & =ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aaj4 ,& to "o ( ^! belong e n\n1 & e ?ird p]son ( e v]b4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,no law1 no re/ra9t1 no regulation1 are requir$ to keep him 9 b\nds4--,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #bfj4 ,by t "t1 e w9d[ & e door 9 ! /reet 7 full ( heads4--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]1 ,no4 #ejc4 ,e sy/em ( religion1 & e s*ool ( philosophy1 /& back f ?is field1 & leave ,jesus ,*ri/ alone1 ! solit>y example--,! ,corn] ,/one1 p4 #ag4 ,ea* day1 & ea* h\r1 br+ _! portion ( duty4--,in/41 p4 #aef4 ,& e "o t 0 9 di/ress1 & e "o t 0 9 debt1 & e "o t 0 discont5t$1 ga!r$ !mselves unto him4--#a ,sam41 xxii1 #b4 ,e private ,*ri/ian & memb] ( ! *ur* ought to read & p]use ! ,scriptures1 t !y may "k _! fai? & belief f\nd$ ^u !m4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #cdj4 ,& e m\nta9 & isl& 7 mov$ out ( _! places4--,rev41 vi1 #ad4 ,no b&it fi]ce1 no tyrant mad ) pride1 ,no cav]n'd h]mit re/ self-satisfi$4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,)1 ,,or1 c4 ,,= ,,&4 ,! side ,a1 ) ! sides ,b & ,c1 compose ! triangle4--,tobitt's ,gram41 p4 #dh2 ,fel*'s1 #fi2 ,w>e's1 #ab4 ,! /ream1 ! rock1 or ! tree1 mu/ ea* ( !m /& =?1 s z to make a figure 9 ! imag9ation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cij4 ,:ile ?is1 ) euphony1 con/itute1 f9ally1 ! :ole4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bic4 ,! bag1 ) ! gu9eas & doll>s 9 x1 7 /ol54--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bdf4 ,sobriety1 ) great indu/ry & tal5t1 enable a man to p]=m great de$s4--,ib41 #bde4 ,! x1 toge!r ) ! v]b to be1 express /ates ( be+4--,ib41 #aij4 ,:]e ,leonidas ! ,sp>tan k+1 ) 8 *os5 b&1 fight+ = _! c\ntry1 7 cut (f to ! la/ man4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bjc4 ,& ,leah also1 ) h] *ildr51 came ne> & b[$ !mselves4--,g541 xxxiii1 #g4 ,! ,fir/ or ,second w1 ei!r ( !m1 by !mselves coalesce ) ! ,?ird1 b n ) ea* o!r4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #gd4 ,! :ole mu/ c5tre 9 ! qu]y1 :e!r ,trag$y or ,com$y are hurtful & dang]\s repres5tations8--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #bae4 ,grief z well z joy are infecti\s3 ! emotions !y raise 9 ! spectator resemble !m p]fectly4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aeg4 ,b 9 all o!r words ! ,qu are bo? s\nd$4--,ensell's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,qu 7:i* are always toge!r7 h ! s\nd ( ku or k1 z 9 que51 opaque4-- ,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,9 ?is selection ! ai =m di/9ct syllables4--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #bij4 ,& a consid]able village1 ) g>d5s1 fields1 c41 ext5d ar\nd on ea* side ( ! squ>e4-- ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #adj4 ,affection1 or int]e/1 guide our notions & behavi\r 9 ! affairs ( life2 imag9ation & passion affect ! s5tim5ts t we ent]ta9 9 matt]s ( ta/e4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aga4 ,%e he>d none ( ^? intimations ( h] defects1 :i* envy1 petulance1 or ang]1 produce among *ildr54--,rambl]1 ,no4 #ahi4 ,! ,k+1 ) ! ,lords & ,commons1 con/itute an excell5t =m ( gov]nm5t4--,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bdb4 ,if we say1 ',i am ! man1 :o comm&s y1' ! relative clause1 ) ! antec$5t man1 =m ! pr$icate4--,ib41 p4 #bff4 ,! spaci\s firmam5t on high1 ,) all ! blue e!real sky1 ,& spangl$ heav'ns1 a %9+ frame1 ,_! great ,orig9al proclaim4 --,,addison4 ,murray's ,key1 p4 #agd2 ,day's ,gram41 p4 #ib2 ,f>num's1 #ajf4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,elliptical ,,con/ructions4 ,!re is a reputable & a disreputable practice4--,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cej4 ,?is & ?is man 0 born 9 h]4--,milton's ,psalms1 lxxxvii4 ,?is & t man 0 born 9 h]4--,psal4 lxxxvii1 #e4 ,?is & t man 0 born !re4--,h5drick's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,?us le 9 lego & legi seem to be s\nd$ equally long4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bec2 ,g\ld's1 #bdc4 ,a di/9ct & an accurate articulation =ms ! gr\ndwork ( good deliv]y4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #be4 ,h[ is vocal & writt5 language und]/ood8--,c4 ,w4 ,s&]s1 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #g4 ,! good1 ! wise1 & ! le>n$ man is an ornam5t to human society4--,b>tlett's ,read]4 ,on "s po9ts1 ! expression ( song & spee* is id5tical4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #dbe4 ,to e room !re 0 an op5 & secret passage4--,johnson's ,rasselas1 p4 #ac4 ,!re iz su* a ?+ az tru & false ta/e1 & ! latt] az (t5 directs fa%ion1 az ! =m]4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #dja4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z a prud5t & imprud5t in/itution ( life1 ) reg>d to our heal? & our affairs--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #baj4 ,! lot ( ! outca/s ( ,israel & ! disp]s$ ( ,judah1 h[ev] diff]5t 9 "o respect1 h 9 ano!r correspond$ ) wond]ful exactness4--,hope ( ,israel1 p4 #cja4 ,on ^! f9al syllables ! radical & vani%+ movem5t is p]=m$4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #fd4 ,to be "y or old1 good1 j1 or ! contr>y1 are physical or moral ev5ts4--,,spurzheim3 ,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,! eloqu5ce ( ,george ,:itfield & ( ,john ,wesley 0 ( a v diff]5t "* ea* f ! o!r4--,dr4 ,%>p4 ,! aff9ity ( m = ! s]ies b1 & ( n = ! s]ies t1 give occasion = o!r ,euphonic *anges4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #gg4 ,pylades' s\l & mad ,ore/es'1 0 ,9 ^!1 if we believe ,py?agoras--,c[ley's ,poems1 p4 #c4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,di/9ct ,,subject ,,phrases4 ,to be mod]ate 9 our views1 & to proce$ temp]ately 9 ! pursuit ( !m1 is ! be/ way to ensure success4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bjf4 ,to be ( any species1 & to h a "r to ! "n ( t species1 is all "o4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #cjj4 ,) :om to w & to d is ! same4--,jamieson's ,sacr$ ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bb4 ,to pr(ess1 & to possess1 is v diff]5t ?+s4--,in/41 p4 #aef4 ,to d ju/ly1 to love m]cy1 & to walk humbly ) ,god1 is duties ( univ]sal obligation4--,ib4 ,to be r\nd or squ>e1 to be solid or fluid1 to be l>ge or small1 & to be mov$ swiftly or sl[ly1 is all equally ali5 f ! nature ( ?\ght4--,ib4 ,! resolv+ ( a s5t5ce into its elem5ts or p>ts ( spee* & /at+ ! ,accid5ts :i* belong to ^!1 is call$ ,,p>s+4--,bullion's ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #i4 ,to sp9 & to weave1 to knit & to sew1 0 once a girl's employm5t2 b n[ to dress & cat* a beau1 is all %e calls enjoym5t4--,lynn ,news1 ,vol4 #h1 ,no4 #a4 ,,rule ,,xvii4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,:5 a ,v]b has two or m nom9atives connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) !m s+ly1 & n z if tak5 toge!r3 z1 ,fe> or jeal\sy affects him4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,nor eye1 nor li/5+ e>1 an object f9ds3 creation sleeps4--,"y4 ,nei!r "* nor dialogue 0 yet und]/ood4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,! wife1 :]e dang] or di%on\r lurks1 ,safe/ & seemlie/ by h] husb& /ays4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ix1 #bfg4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xvii4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is rule1 s f> z its application is practicable1 !re are prop]ly no exceptions2 =1 or & nor be+ disjunctive conjunctions1 ! nom9atives are ( c\rse to assume ! v]b sep>ately1 & z agree+ ) ea*4 ,su* agreem5t seems to be positively requir$ by ! alt]nativ5ess ( ! expression4 ,yet ! anci5t gramm>ians seldom1 if at all1 insi/$ on x4 ,9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 a plural v]b is (t5 employ$ ) s+ul> nom9atives ?us connect$2 z1 ,tunc nec m5s m9i1 nec color ,c]ta s$e man5t4--,,horace4 ,see ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,greek3 ,ean de adelphos adelph lumnoi hup>*osi1 kai leipom5oi osi ts ephm]\ trophs4--,james1 ii4 #ae4 ,& ! be/ s*ol>s h sometimes improp]ly imitat$ ?is con/ruction 9 ,engli%2 z1 ,nei!r ,virgil nor ,hom] 7 defici5t 9 any ( ! =m] beauties4--,,dryd5',s ,,preface3 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #afh4 ,nei!r ,saxon nor ,roman h avail$ to add any idea to 8 ,plato's categories4--,r4 ,w4 ,,em]son3 ,lib]ator1 ,no4 #iif4 ,he comes--nor want nor cold 8 c\rse delay3 ,hide1 blu%+ ,glory6 hide ,pult[a's day4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,no mon/r\s height1 or bread?1 or l5g?1 appe>2 ,! :ole at once is bold & regul>4--,pope1 on ,crit41 l4 #bej4 ,,obs4 #b4--,:5 two collective n\ns ( ! s+ul> =m are connect$ by or or nor1 ! v]b may agree ) !m 9 ! plural numb]1 because su* agreem5t is adapt$ to ea* ( !m1 accord+ to ,rule #ae?2 z1 ,:y mank9d1 or su* a "p ( mank9d1 are plac$ 9 ?is condition4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bac4 ,b nei!r ! ,bo>d ( ,control nor ! ,c\rt ( ,directors h any scruples ab\t sanction+ ! abuses ( :i* ,i h spok54--,glory & ,%ame ( ,engl&1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #gj4 ,,obs4 #c4--,:5 a v]b has nom9atives ( diff]5t p]sons or numb]s1 connect$ by or or nor1 an explicit concord ) ea* is impossible2 because ! v]b _c be ( diff]5t p]sons or numb]s at ! same "t2 nor is x s1 ev5 :5 its =m is made ! same 9 all ! p]sons & numb]s3 ?us1 ,i1 ?\1 or he1 may affirm2 we1 ye1 or !y1 may affirm4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cf4 ,respect+ ! prop] managem5t ( ! v]b :5 its nom9atives ?us disagree1 ! views ( our gramm>ians are n exactly co9cid5t4 ,few h[ev] are ignorant en\gh1 or ra% en\gh1 to d5y t !re may be an implicit or impli$ concord 9 su* cases1--a zeugma ( ! v]b 9 ,engli%1 z well z ( ! v]b or ( ! adjective 9 ,lat9 or ,greek4 ,( ?is1 ! foll[+ is a brief example3 ,b he nor ,i feel m4--,dr4 ,"y1 ,night iii1 p4 #ce4 ,& ,i %all by-&-by add o!rs--en\gh1 ,i hope1 to confute ^? false critics :o condemn all su* phraseology4 ,,obs4 #d4--,w4 ,all5's rule is ?is3 ,if ! nom9atives are ( diff]5t numb]s or p]sons1 ! v]b agrees ) ! la/2 z1 he or 8 bro!rs 7 !re2 nei!r y nor ,i am conc]n$4--,engli% ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,l9dley ,murray1 & o!rs1 say3 7#a47 ,:5 s+ul> pron\ns1 or a n\n & pron\n1 ( diff]5t p]sons1 are disjunctively connect$1 ! v]b mu/ agree ) t p]son :i* is plac$ ne>e/ to x3 z1 ',i or ?\ art to blame2' ',?\ or ,i am 9 fault2' ',i1 or ?\1 or he1 is ! au?or ( x2' ',george or ,i am ! p]son4' ,b x w\ld be bett] to say2 ',ei!r ,i am to blame1 or ?\ art1' c4 7#b47 ,:5 a disjunctive occurs betwe5 a s+ul> n\n1 or pron\n1 & a plural "o1 ! v]b is made to agree ) ! plural n\n & pron\n3 z1 ',nei!r pov]ty nor ri*es 7 injuri\s to him2' ',i or !y 7 (f5d$ by x4' ,b 9 ?is case1 ! plural n\n or pron\n1 :5 x c conv5i5tly be done1 %\ld be plac$ next to ! v]b4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aea2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #abh2 ,alg]'s ,gram41 #ed2 ,comly's1 #gh & #gi2 ,m]*ant's1 #hf2 ,picket's1 #age2 & _m m4 ,!re are o!r gramm>ians :o tea*1 t ! v]b mu/ agree ) ! nom9ative :i* is plac$ next to x1 :e!r ?is be s+ul> or plural2 z1 ,nei!r ! s]vants nor ! ma/] is respect$2--,nei!r ! ma/] nor ! s]vants are respect$4--,alex&] ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,b if nei!r ! writ+s nor ! au?or is 9 exi/5ce1 ! ,imp]fect %\ld be us$4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,,obs4 #e4--,on ?is po9t1 a new au?or has j giv5 u ! foll[+ precept & criticism3 ,nev] connect by or1 or nor1 two or m names or sub/itutes t h ! same ass]t] i4e4 v]b dep5d+ on !m = s5se1 if :5 tak5 sep>ately1 !y require diff]5t =ms ( ! ass]t]s4 ,examples4 ',nei!r y nor ,i am conc]n$4 ,ei!r he or ?\ wa/ !re4 ,ei!r !y or he is faulty4' ,^! examples are z errone\s z x w\ld be to say1 ',nei!r y am conc]n$1 nor am ,i4' ',ei!r he wa/ !re1 or ?\ wa/4' ',ei!r !y is faulty1 or he is4' ,! s5t5ces %\ld /& ?us--',nei!r ( u is conc]n$1' or1 'nei!r are y conc]n$1 nor am ,i4' ',ei!r he 0 !re1 or ?\ wa/4' ',ei!r !y are faulty1 or he is4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 9 all _! impropriety1 writ5 sic--,,k? accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ,goold ,br[n's gramm>6 & ! !ories ( mo/ ( ! =m] writ]s4--,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #beb4 ,we %all see by-&-by :o is "r4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,cobbett also--:ile he approves ( su* ,engli% z1 ,he1 ) !m1 are able to d mu*1 =1 ,he & !y are able to d mu*--condemns expressly e possible example 9 :i* ! v]b has n a full & explicit concord ) ea* ( its nom9atives1 if !y are connect$ by or or nor4 ,8 doctr9e is ?is3 ,if nom9atives ( diff]5t numb]s pres5t !mselves1 we mu/ n give !m a v]b :i* disagrees ) ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,we mu/ n say3 ',nei!r ! halt] nor ! bayonets are suffici5t to prev5t u f obta9+ our rights4' ,we mu/ avoid ?is bad gramm> by us+ a diff]5t =m ( words3 z1 ',we are to be prev5t$ f obta9+ our rights by nei!r ! halt] nor ! bayonets4' ,&1 :y %\ld we wi% to write bad gramm>1 if we c express our mean+ 9 good gramm>8--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bdb4 ,?is "q w\ld h m =ce1 if ! correction "h (f]$ did n convey a mean+ widely diff]5t f t ( ! s5t5ce correct$4 ,b he goes on3 ,we _c say1 ',!y or ,i am 9 fault2 ,i1 or !y1 or he1 is ! au?or ( x2 ,george or ,i am ! p]son4' ,mr4 ,l9dley ,murray says1 t we may use ^! phrases2 & t we h only to take c>e t ! v]b agree ) t p]son :i* is plac$ ne>e/ to x2 b1 he says also1 t x w\ld be bett] to avoid su* phrases by giv+ a diff]5t turn to our words4 ,i d n l to leave any ?+ to *ance or to discretion1 :5 we h a cle> pr9ciple = our guide4--,ib41 #bdc4 ,?is au?or's cle> pr9ciple is m]ely 8 own confid5t assumption1 t e =m ( figurative or impli$ agreem5t1 e ?+ :i* ! old gramm>ians d5om9at$ zeugma1 is at once to be condemn$ z a solecism4 ,he is h[ev] support$ by an o!r late writ] ( mu* great] m]it4 ,see ,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 pp4 #adb & #cab4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,if1 9 lieu ( _! fictiti\s examples1 our gramm>ians w\ld give u actual quotations f reputable au?ors1 _! in/ructions w\ld d\btless ga9 some?+ 9 accuracy1 & /ill m 9 au?ority4 ,i or !y 7 (f5d$ by x1 &1 ,i1 or ?\1 or he1 is ! au?or ( x1 are expressions t ,i %all n def5d4 ,!y imply an egoti/ical speak]1 :o ei!r does n "k1 or w n tell1 :e!r he is (f5d$ or n1--:e!r he is ! au?or or n6 ,aga91 !re are expressions t are unobjectionable1 & yet n con=mable to any ( ! rules j quot$4 ,t nom9atives may be correctly connect$ by or or nor )\t an express agreem5t ( ! v]b ) ea* ( !m1 is a po9t :i* c be prov$ to z full c]ta9ty z almo/ any o!r 9 gramm>2 ,*ur*ill1 ,cobbett1 & ,peirce to ! contr>y not)/&+4 ,b ) :i* ( ! nom9atives ! v]b %all expressly agree1 or to :i* ( !m x may mo/ prop]ly be und]/ood1 is a matt] n easy to be settl$ by any sure g5]al rule4 ,nor is ! lack ( su* a rule a v important defect1 ?\gh ! inculcation ( a false or imp]fect "o may be4 ,s judg$ at lea/ ! anci5t gramm>ians1 :o notic$ & nam$ almo/ e possible =m ( ! zeugma1 )\t c5sur+ any z be+ ungrammatical4 ,9 ! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,i not$ fir/ ! usual =m ( ?is concord1 & !n ! all[able exceptions2 b a few late writ]s1 we see1 d5\nce e =m ( x1 exceptions & all3 &1 /&+ alone 9 _! notions ( ! figure1 value _! own au?ority m ?an t ( all o!r critics toge!r4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,9 ,engli%1 z 9 o!r languages1 :5 a v]b has discordant nom9atives connect$ disjunctively1 x mo/ commonly agrees expressly ) t :i* is ne>e/1 & only by implication1 ) ! m remote2 z1 ,:5 "s ^w or words are dep5d5t on ! attribute4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,to ! fir/ ( ^! qualities1 dulness or ref9em5ts are dang]\s enemies4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ae4 ,he haz>ds 8 own life ) t ( 8 enemy1 & "o or bo? are v honorably murd]$4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bce4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t !y fr[n ^u ev]yone ^: faults or neglig5ce int]rupts or ret>ds _! lessons4--,w4 ,c4 ,woodbridge3 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #aad4 ,good int5tions1 or at lea/ s9c]ity ( purpose1 0 nev] d5i$ h]4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #dc4 ,yet ?is proves n t ei!r he or we judge !m to be ! rule4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #aeg4 ,fir/ cle> y\rselves ( pop]y be=e y or ?\ do/ ?r[ x ^u u4--,ib41 i1 #afi4 ,is ! gospel or glad tid+s ( ?is salvation br\ght nigh unto all8--,ib41 i1 #cfb4 ,be+ p]suad$1 t ei!r !y1 or _! cause1 is naught4--,ib41 i1 #ejd4 ,& ! read] may judge :e!r he or ,i d mo/ fully ackn[l$ge man's fall4--,ib41 iii1 #ccb4 ,to d ju/ice to ! ,m9i/ry1 !y h n yet pret5d$ t any "o1 or any two1 ( ! ?ree ,e/ates1 h p[] to make a new law1 )\t ! concurr5ce ( ! ?ird4--,junius1 ,lett] xvii4 ,! =e/1 or hunt+-gr\nds1 are deem$ ! prop]ty ( ! tribe4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 i1 #cac4 ,bir? or titles conf] no prem95ce4--,ib41 ii1 #ahd4 ,nei!r tobacco nor hides 7 import$ f ,c>accas into ,spa94--,ib41 ii1 #ejg4 ,! keys or se$-vessel ( ! maple has two l>ge side-w+s4--,! ,fri5d1 vii1 #ig4 ,an example or two are suffici5t to illu/rate ! g5]al obs]vation4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 i1 #eh4 ,n ?\1 nor ^? ?y facti\s arts engage1 ,%all reap t h>ve/ ( rebelli\s rage4--,dryd51 p4 #fj4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,b :5 ! remot] nom9ative is ! pr9cipal ^w1 & ! ne>] "o is express$ p>5!tically1 ! v]b agrees lit]ally ) ! =m]1 & only by implication1 ) ! latt]2 z1 ,"o example1 7or t517 says no?+ aga9/ x4--,leigh ,hunt4 ,& we1 7or future ages17 may possibly h a pro( ( x4--,bp4 ,butl]4 ,s1 :5 ! alt]native is m]ely 9 ! words1 n 9 ! ?\ght1 ! =m] t]m is sometimes consid]$ ! pr9cipal "o1 & is !re=e all[$ to control ! v]b2 b !re is always a h>%ness 9 ?is mixture ( diff]5t numb]s1 &1 to r5d] su* a con/ruction tol]able1 x is necess>y to read ! latt] t]m l a p>5!sis1 & make ! =m] emphatic3 z1 ,a p>5!sis1 or brackets1 consi/s ( two angul> /rokes1 or hooks1 enclos+ "o or m words4--,:it+'s ,read]1 p4 #bh4 ,to %[ u t our own s*emes1 or prud5ce1 h no %>e 9 our advancem5ts4--,addison4 ,! ,mexican figures1 or picture-writ+1 repres5t ?+s1 n words2 !y exhibit images to ! eye1 n ideas to ! und]/&+4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdc2 ,engli% ,read]1 p4 xiii4 ,at ,travancore1 ,koprah1 or dri$ cocoa-nut k]nels1 is monopoliz$ by gov]nm5t4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,! ,scriptures1 or ,bible1 are ! only au!ntic s\rce4--,bp4 ,toml9e's ,evid5ces4 ,nor foes nor =tune take ?is p[] away2 ,& is my ,abel>d less k9d ?an !y8--,pope1 p4 #ccd4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,! ,engli% adjective be+ indecl9able1 we h no examples ( "s ( ! =ms ( zeugma :i* occur 9 ,lat9 & ,greek4 ,b adjectives diff]+ 9 numb]1 are sometimes connect$ )\t a repetition ( ! n\n2 &1 9 ! agreem5t ( ! v]b1 ! n\n :i* is und]/ood1 is less apt to be reg>d$ ?an t :i* is express$1 ?\gh ! latt] be m remote2 z1 ,!re are "o or two small irregul>ities to be not$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,!re are "o or two p]sons1 & b "o or two4--,hazlitt's ,lectures4 ,!re are "o or two o!rs4--,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bjf4 ,!re are "o or two4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cai4 ,!re are "o or m sem9>ies 9 e prov9ce4--,h4 ,e4 ,dwight3 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #acc4 ,:e!r "o or m ( ! clauses are to be consid]$ ! nom9ative case4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aej4 ,s t1 ,i believe1 !re is n m ?an "o g5u9e example extant4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #aj4 ,!re is1 prop]ly1 no m ?an "o pause or re/ 9 ! s5t5ce4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cbi2 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abe4 ,sometimes a small lett] or two is add$ to ! capital4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bbc2 ,g\ld's1 #bhc4 ,among ! examples 9 ! sev5? p>agraph above1 !re is "o l ?is la/1 b ) a plural v]b2 & if ei!r is objectionable1 is %\ld "h be are4 ,! prec$+ example1 too1 is su* z ,i w\ld n imitate4 ,to ,l4 ,murray1 ! foll[+ s5t5ce seem$ false syntax1 because "o does n agree ) p]sons3 ,he saw "o or m p]sons ent] ! g>d54--,murray's ,ex]cises1 ,rule #h?1 p4 #ed4 ,9 8 ,key1 he has x ?us3 ,he saw "o p]son1 or m ?an "o1 ent] ! g>d54--,oct4 ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ahi4 ,to me1 ?is /iff correction1 :i* _m lat] gramm>ians h copi$1 seems worse ?an none4 ,& ! effect ( ! pr9ciple may be notic$ 9 ,murray's /yle else:]e2 z1 ,:5 a semicolon1 or m ?an "o1 h prec$$4--,octavo ,gram41 i1 p4 #bgg2 ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bhh4 ,"h a ready writ] w\ld be v apt to pref] "o ( ! foll[+ phrases3 ,:5 a semicolon or two h prec$$1--,:5 "o or two semicolons h prec$$1--,:5 "o or m semicolons h prec$$4 ,x is bett] to write by guess1 ?an to become sy/ematically awkw>d 9 expression4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,9 ,greek & ,lat91 ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son1 accord+ to our critics1 is g5]ally#cih plac$ fir/2 z1 ,greek3 ,ego kai su ta dikaia poisom54 ,x54--,milnes's ,gr4 ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,t is1 ,ego et tu ju/a faciemus4 ,aga93 ,ego et ,cic]o valemus4 ,cic4--,bu*anan's ,pref41 p4 x2 ,adam's ,gram41 #bjf2 ,g\ld's1 #bjc4 ,i & ,cic]o are well4--,ib4 ,b1 9 ,engli%1 a mode/ speak] usually gives to o!rs ! prec$5ce1 & m5tions himself la/2 z1 ,he1 or ?\1 or ,i1 mu/ g4--,?\ & ,i w d :at is "r4--,cic]o & ,i are well4--,dr4 ,adam4#cii ,yet1 9 speak+ ( himself & 8 dep5dants1 a p]son mo/ commonly takes rank be=e !m2 z1 ,y\r ine/imable lett]s support$ myself1 my wife1 & *ildr51 9 adv]sity4--,luci5 ,bonap>te1 ,*>lemagne1 p4 v4 ,& ,i %all be de/roy$1 ,i & my h\se4--,g541 xxxiv1 #cj4 ,& 9 ackn[l$g+ a fault1 mis=tune1 or c5sure1 any speak] may assume ! fir/ place2 z1 ,bo? ,i & ?\ are 9 ! fault4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bjg4 ,bo? ,i & y are 9 fault4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 ix4 ,tru/y did n d x2 ,i & ,rob]t did x4--,edgewor?'s ,/ories4 ,) critic scales1 weighs out ! p>tial wit1 ,:at ,i1 or y1 or he1 or no "o writ4 --,lloyd's ,poems1 p4 #afb4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,accord+ to ! !ory ( ?is "w1 v]bs !mselves are n unfrequ5tly connect$1 "o to an o!r1 by &1 or1 or nor2 s t two or m ( !m1 be+ prop]ly 9 ! same con/ruction1 may be p>s$ z agree+ ) ! same nom9ative3 z1 ,s t ! bl9d & dumb man bo? spake & saw4--,matt41 xii1 #bb4 ,t no "o might buy or sell4--,rev41 xiii1 #ag4 ,:i* see n1 nor he>1 nor "k4--,dan41 v1 #bc4 ,we h c]ta9ly v _m examples l ^!1 9 :i* x is nei!r conv5i5t nor necess>y to suppose an ellipsis ( ! nom9ative be=e ! latt] v]b1 or be=e all b ! fir/1 z mo/ ( our gramm>ians d1 :5ev] !y f9d two or m f9ite v]bs connect$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,x is true1 ! nom9ative may1 9 mo/ in/ances1 be repeat$ )\t injury to ! s5se2 b ?is fact is no pro( ( su* an ellipsis2 because _m a s5t5ce :i* is n incomplete1 may possibly take additional words )\t *ange ( mean+4 ,b ^! au?ors1 7z ,i h already sugge/$ "u ! head ( conjunctions17 h n be5 v c>eful ( _! own consi/5cy4 ,if !y tea*1 t1 ,e f9ite v]b has its own sep>ate nom9ative1 ei!r express$ or impli$1 :i* idea ,murray & o!rs seem to h ga!r$ f ,l[?2 or if !y say1 t1 ,conjunctions really unite s5t5ces1 :5 !y appe> to unite only words1 :i* notion !y may h acquir$ f ,h>ris2 :at room is !re = t common ass]tion1 t1 ,conjunctions connect ! same moods & t5ses ( v]bs1 :i* is a "p ( ,murray's eighte5? rule1 & f\nd 9 mo/ ( our gramm>s8 ,= no agreem5t is usually requir$ betwe5 v]bs t h sep>ate nom9atives2 & if we supply a nom9ative :]ev] we d n f9d "o = ea* v]b1 !n 9 fact no two v]bs w ev] be connect$ by any conjunction4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,:at agreem5t !re mu/ be1 betwe5 v]bs t are 9 ! same con/ruction1 x is n easy to det]m9e ) c]ta9ty4 ,"s ( ! ,lat9 gramm>ians tell u1 t c]ta9 conjunctions connect sometimes simil> moods & t5ses1 & sometimes simil> moods b diff]5t t5ses4 ,see ,prat's ,grammatica ,lat9a1 ,octavo1 ,"p ii1 p4 #ie4 ,ruddiman1 ,adam1 & ,grant1 omit ! concord ( t5ses1 & enum]ate c]ta9 conjunctions :i* c\ple l cases & moods4 ,b all ( !m ackn[l$ge "s exceptions to _! rules4 ,! in/ructions ( ,l9dley ,murray & o!rs1 on ?is po9t1 may be summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ canon3 ,:5 v]bs are connect$ by a conjunction1 !y mu/ ei!r agree 9 mood1 t5se1 & =m1 or h sep>ate nom9atives express$4 ,?is rule1 7) a consid]able exception to x1 :i* o!r au?ors _h n notic$47 0 adopt$ by myself 9 ! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 & also reta9$ 9 ! ,brief ,ab/ract ( t "w1 entitl$1 ,! ,fir/ ,l9es ( ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,x !re /&s z ! ?irte5? 9 ! s]ies ( pr9cipal rules2 b1 z !re is no occasion to ref] to x 9 ! ex]cise ( p>s+1 ,i n[ ?9k1 a less prom95t place may suit x z well or bett]4 ,! pr9ciple may be consid]$ z be+ less c]ta9 & less important ?an mo/ ( ! usual rules ( syntax3 ,i %all !re=e bo? modify ! expression ( x1 & place x among ! notes ( ! pres5t code4 ,see ,notes #e? & #f? bel[4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,by ! agreem5t ( v]bs ) ea* o!r 9 =m1 x is meant1 t ! simple =m & ! comp\nd1 ! famili> =m & ! solemn1 ! affirmative =m & ! negative1 or ! active =m & ! passive1 are n to be connect$ )\t a repetition ( ! nom9ative4 ,) respect to our language1 ?is "p ( ! rule is d\btless z important1 & z true1 z any o!r4 ,a ?or\gh agreem5t1 !n1 9 mood1 t5se1 & =m1 is g5]ally requir$1 :5 v]bs are connect$ by &1 or1 or nor2 &1 "u ea* "p ( ?is concord1 !re may be cit$ c]ta9 errors :i* ought to be avoid$1 z w by-&-by be %[n4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 !re seem to be _m all[able violations ( ! rule1 "s or o!r ( :i* may p]haps =m exceptions to e "p ( x4 ,= example1 ! t5se may be v>i$1 z x (t5 is 9 ,lat92 ?us1 ,z ! g5]al /ate ( religion has be51 is1 or %all be1 affect$ by !m4--,butl]s ,analogy1 p4 #bda4 ,?\ art righte\s1 ,o ,"l1 :i* art1 & wa/1 & %all be1 because ?\ ha/ judg$ ?us4--,rev41 xvi1 #e4 ,9 ! =m] ( ^! examples1 a repetition ( ! nom9ative w\ld n be agreeable2 9 ! latt]1 x w\ld p]haps be an improvem5t3 z1 :o art1 & :o wa/1 & :o %alt be4 7,i "h *ange ! pron\n1 because ! relative :i* is n n[ appli$ z above47 ,?is d$ication may s]ve = almo/ any book1 t has be51 or %all be publi%$4--,campbell's ,rhet4 p4 #bjg2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bbb4 ,x ought to be1 'has be51 is1 or %all be1 publi%$4'--,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #chc4 ,tru? & good s5se are firm1 & w e/abli% !mselves4--,blair's ,rhet4 p4 #bhf4 ,:]eas ,milton foll[$ a diff]5t plan1 & has giv5 a tragic conclusion to a poem o!rwise epic 9 its =m4--,ib41 p4 #dbh4 ,i am c]ta91 t su* are n1 nor ev] 71 ! t5ets ( ! *ur* ( ,engl&4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #adh4 ,!y des]ve1 & w meet )1 no reg>d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aji4 ,:oev] ?9ks a faultless piece to see1 ,?9ks :at ne'er 01 nor is1 nor e'er %all be4 --,pope1 on ,crit4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,s v]bs diff]+ 9 mood or =m may sometimes agree ) ! same nom9ative1 if ! simple/ v]b be plac$ fir/--r>ely1 ,i ?9k1 if ! words /& 9 any o!r ord]3 z1 ,"o may be free f affectation & n h m]it--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ahi4 ,!re is1 & c be1 no o!r p]son4--,murray's ,key4 #hvo4 p4 #bbd4 ,to see :at is1 & is all[$ to be1 ! pla9 natural rule4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bhd4 ,?is great exp]im5t has work$1 & is work+1 well1 e way well--,,bradburn3 ,lib]ator1 ix4 #afb4 ,?is edition ( ,mr4 ,murray's works on ,engli% ,gramm>1 des]ves a place 9 ,libr>ies1 & w n fail to obta9 x4--,,briti% ,,critic3 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ii1 #bii4 ,:at no?+ e>?ly gives1 or c de/roy4--,pope4 ,"s are1 & mu/ be1 great] ?an ! re/4--,id4 ,,obs4 #af4--,s9ce mo/ ( ! t5ses ( an ,engli% v]b are compos$ ( two or m words1 to prev5t a ne$less or disagreeable repetition ( auxili>ies1 p>ticiples1 & pr9cipal v]bs1 ^? p>ts :i* are common to two or m v]bs 9 ! same s5t5ce1 are g5]ally express$ to ! fir/1 & und]/ood to ! re/2 or res]v$1 & put la/1 z ! common supplem5t ( ea*2 z1 ,to :i* !y d or c ext5d4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #gg4 ,he may1 z any "o may1 if he w1 incur an infam\s execution f ! h&s ( civil ju/ice4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,all t has usurp$ ! "n ( virtue1 & has deceiv$ u by its semblance1 mu/ be a mock]y & a delusion4--,dr4 ,*alm]s4 ,human praise1 & human eloqu5ce1 may ackn[l$ge x1 b ! ,disc]n] ( ! he>t nev] w ackn[l$ge x4--,id4 ,we use !e n s h>dly1 z pr\d] liv]s d use !e4--,%ak4 ,:i* !y might h =ese5 & might h avoid$4--,butl]4 ,e s9c]e endeav\r to am5d1 %all be assi/$1 %all be accept$1 & %all be rew>d$4--,c>t]4 ,behold1 ,i ?\ght1 ,he w surely come out to me1 & w /& & w call on ! "n ( ! ,"l 8 ,god1 & w /rike 8 h& ov] ! place1 & w recov] ! lep]4--#b ,k+s1 v1 #aa4 ,!y mean to1 & w1 he> pati5tly4--,salem ,regi/]4 ,t is1 ,!y mean to he> pati5tly1 & !y w he> pati5tly4 ,he c create1 & he de/roy4--,bible4 ,t is1--& he c de/roy4 ,virtue may be assail'd1 b nev] hurt1 ,surpris'd by unju/ =ce1 b n in?rall'd4--,milton4 ,mortals ^: pleasures are _! only c>e1 ,fir/ wi% to be impos$ on1 & !n are4--,c[p]4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,f ! =ego+ examples1 x may be se51 t ! complex & divisible /ructure ( ! ,engli% moods & t5ses1 produces1 :5 v]bs are connect$ toge!r1 a /rik+ peculi>ity ( con/ruction 9 our language1 z comp>$ ) ! ne>e/ correspond+ con/ruction 9 ,lat9 or ,greek4 ,= we c connect diff]5t auxili>ies1 p>ticiples1 or pr9cipal v]bs1 )\t repeat+1 & app>5tly )\t connect+1 ! o!r p>ts ( ! mood or t5se4 ,& al?\gh x is commonly suppos$ t ^! p>ts are necess>ily und]/ood :]ev] !y are n repeat$1 !re are s5t5ces1 & ^? n a few1 9 :i* we _c express !m1 )\t ins]t+ also an additional nom9ative1 & produc+ di/9ct clauses2 z1 ,%\ld x n be tak5 up & pursu$8--,dr4 ,*alm]s4 ,:]e ?ieves d n break ?r\gh nor /eal4--,matt41 vi1 #bj4 ,none pres5t c\ld ei!r read or expla9 ! writ+-4--,wood's ,dict41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aei4 ,?us we sometimes make a s+le auxili>y an index to ! mood & t5se ( m ?an "o v]b4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,! v]b d1 :i* is sometimes an auxili>y & sometimes a pr9cipal v]b1 is ?\ght by "s gramm>ians to be also fitly made a sub/itute = o!r v]bs1 z a pron\n is = n\ns2 b ?is doctr9e has n be5 taught ) accuracy1 & ! practice "u x w 9 _m in/ances be f\nd to involve a solecism4 ,9 ?is k9d ( sub/itution1 !re mu/ ei!r be a true ellipsis ( ! pr9cipal v]b1 s t d is only an auxili>y2 or else ! v]b d1 ) its object or adv]b1 if x ne$ "o1 mu/ exactly correspond to an action describ$ be=e2 s t to speak ( do+ ?is or ?us1 is m]ely ! %orte/ way ( repeat+ ! idea3 z1 ,he loves n plays1 z ?\ do/4 ,antony4--,%ak4 ,t is1 z ?\ do/ love plays4 ,?is fell[ is wise en\gh to play ! fool2 &1 to d t well1 craves a k9d ( wit4--,id4 ,"h1 to d t1 is1 to play ! fool4 ,i w n d x1 if ,i f9d ?irty !re4--,g541 xviii1 #cj4 ,d :at8 ,de/roy ! city1 z _h be5 ?reat5$4 ,:]e d is an auxili>y1 !re is no real sub/itution2 &1 9 ! o!r in/ances1 x is n prop]ly ! v]b d1 t is ! sub/itute1 b r ! ^w t foll[s x--or p]haps1 bo?4 ,=1 s9ce e action consi/s 9 do+ some?+ or 9 do+ someh[1 ?is g5]al v]b d1 ) ?is1 t1 x1 ?us1 or s1 to id5tify ! action1 may assume ! import ( _m a long] phrase4 ,b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to sub/itute ?is v]b = any t]m to :i* x is n equival5t2 z1 ,! a is c]ta9ly to be s\nd$ z ! ,engli% d4--,walk]'s ,dict41 w4 ,a4 ,say1 z ! ,engli% s\nd x2 = d is "h absurd1 & grossly soleci/ical4 ,! duke _h n behav$ ) t loyalty ) :i* he ought to h done4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aaa2 ,murray's1 i1 #bab2 ,*ur*ill's1 #cee2 ,fisk's1 #acg2 ,+]soll's1 #bfi4 ,say1 ) :i* he ought to h behav$2 =1 to h done ) loyalty is n :at 0 meant--f> f x4 ,cl>5don wrote ! text ?us3 ,! ,duke _h n behav$ ) t loyalty1 z he ought to h done4 ,?is %\ld h be5 correct$1 n by *ang+ z to ) :i*1 b by say+--) t loyalty :i* he ought to h obs]v$2 or1 :i* w\ld h become him4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,x is little to ! cr$it ( our gramm>ians1 to f9d s _m ( !m ?us concurr+ 9 ! same obvi\s error1 & ev5 mak+ bad ,engli% worse4 ,! v examples :i* h hi!rto be5 giv5 to prove t d may be a sub/itute = o!r v]bs1 are none ( !m 9 po9t1 & all ( !m h be5 con/antly & %amefully mis9t]pret$4 ,?us3 ,!y d & did sometimes also supply ! place ( ano!r v]b1 & make ! repetition ( x1 9 ! same or a subsequ5t s5t5ce1 unnecess>y3 z1 ',y att5d n to y\r /udies z he does2' 7i4 e4 z he att5ds1 c47 ',i %all come if ,i c2 b if ,i d n1 please to excuse me2' 7i4 e4 if ,i come n47--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hh2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #hh2 ,+]soll's1 #ace2 ,fisk's1 #gh2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #da2 ,hiley's1 #cj4 ,?is rem>k1 b n ! examples1 0 tak5 f ,l[?s ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,*ur*ill v>ies x ?us1 & reta9s ,l[?'s example3 ,x i4 e41 d is us$ also1 to supply ! place ( ano!r v]b1 9 ord] to avoid ! repetition ( x3 z1 ',he loves n plays1 ,z ?\ do/1 ,antony4' ,,%aks4--,new ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,gre5leaf says1 ,to prev5t ! repetition ( "o or m v]bs1 9 ! same1 or a foll[+ s5t5ce1 we frequ5tly make use ( d ,,& did2 z1 ',jack le>ns ! ,engli% language z fa/ z ,h5ry does2' t is1 'z fa/ z ,h5ry le>ns4' ',i %all come if ,i c2 b if ,i d n1 please to excuse me2' t is1 'if ,i come n4'--,gram4 ,simplifi$1 p4 #bg4 ,sanborn says1 ,d is also us$ in/ead ( ano!r v]b1 & n unfrequ5tly in/ead ( bo? ! v]b & its object2 z1 'he loves "w z well z y d2' t is1 z well z y love "w4--,analyt4 ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,n[ all ^! int]pretations are wrong2 ! ^w d1 do/1 or does1 be+ simply an auxili>y1 aft] :i* ! pr9cipal v]b 7) its object :]e x has "o7 is und]/ood4 ,b ! fir/ example is bad ,engli%1 & its explanation is /ill worse4 ,=1 ,z he att5ds1 c41 means1 ,z he att5ds to y\r /udies6 ,& :at good s5se is !re 9 ?is8 ,! s5t5ce ought to h be51 ,y d n att5d to y\r /udies1 z he does to 84 ,t is--z he does att5d to 8 /udies4 ,?is pla9ly %[s t !re is1 9 ! text1 no real sub/itution ( does = att5ds4 ,s ( all o!r examples exhibit$ 9 our gramm>s1 "u ?is head3 !re is no?+ to ! purpose1 9 any ( !m2 ! common pr9ciple ( ellipsis resolves !m all4 ,yet1 /range to say1 9 ! late/ & mo/ le>n$ ( ?is sort ( text-books1 we f9d ! same %am example1 fictiti\s & soleci/ical z x is1 /ill bl9dly repeat$1 to %[ t does is n 9 its own place1 z an auxili>y1 b supplies ! place ( ano!r v]b4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo4 #ahej4 p4 #bfe4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xvii4 ,,note ,i4--,:5 a v]b has nom9atives ( diff]5t p]sons or numb]s1#djj connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) ! ne>e/1 7unless an o!r be ! pr9cipal t]m17 & mu/ be und]/ood to ! re/1 9 ! p]son & numb] requir$2 z1 ,nei!r y nor ,i am conc]n$4--,w4 ,all54 ,t nei!r !y nor ye also die4--,numb41 xviii1 #c4 ,b nei!r god1 nor %r9e1 nor my/ic rite1 ,_! city1 nor h] walls1 8 s\l delight4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 x1 l4 #bf4 ,,note ,,ii4--,b1 s9ce all nom9atives t require diff]5t =ms ( ! v]b1 virtually produce sep>ate clauses or propositions1 x is bett] to complete ! concord :5ev] we conv5i5tly c1 by express+ ! v]b or its auxili>y 9 connexion ) ea* ( !m2 z1 ,ei!r ?\ art to blame1 or ,i am4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,nei!r 7 _! numb]s1 nor 0 _! de/9ation1 kn[n4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,s 9 clauses connect$ by &3 z1 ,b declamation is idle1 & murmurs fruitless4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #hb4 ,say1--& murmurs are fruitless4 ,,note ,,iii4--,9 ,engli%1 ! speak] %\ld always m5tion himself la/2 unless 8 own sup]ior dignity1 or ! confessional nature ( ! expression1 w>rant him 9 tak+ ! prec$5ce3 z1 ,?\ or ,i mu/ g4--,he !n address$ 8 disc\rse to my fa!r & me4--,ell5 & ,i w seek1 ap>t1 ! refuge ( "s =e/ cell4--,scott4 ,see ,obs4 #aa? above4 ,,note ,,iv4--,two or m di/9ct subject phrases connect$ by or or nor1 require a s+ul> v]b2 &1 if a nom9ative come aft] ! v]b1 t mu/ be s+ul> also3 z1 ,t a drunk>d %\ld be poor1 or t a fop %\ld be ignorant1 is n /range4--,to give an affront1 or to take "o tamely1 is no m>k ( a great m9d4 ,s1 :5 ! phrases are unconnect$3 z1 ,to spread suspicion1 to inv5t calumnies1 to propagate sc&al1 requires nei!r lab\r nor c\rage4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #ahc4 ,,note ,v4--,9 g5]al1 :5 v]bs are connect$ by &1 or1 or nor1 !y mu/ ei!r agree 9 mood1 t5se1 & =m1 or ! simple/ 9 =m mu/ be plac$ fir/2 z1 ,s ,s5na*]ib k+ ( ,assyria dep>t$1 & w5t & return$1 & dwelt at ,n9eveh4--,isaiah1 xxxvii1 #cg4 ,= if ,i be an (f5d]1 or h committ$ any ?+ wor?y ( dea?1 ,i refuse n to die4--,acts1 xxv1 #aa4 ,,note ,,vi4--,9 /ead ( conjo9+ discordant v]bs1 x is 9 g5]al bett] to repeat ! nom9ative or ins]t a new "o2 z1 ,he 0 greatly heat$1 & he drank ) avidity4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bja4 ,a p]son may be great or ri* by *ance2 b _c be wise or good1 )\t tak+ pa9s = x4--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,say1--b no "o c be wise or good1 )\t tak+ pa9s = x4 ,,note ,,vii4--,a mixture ( ! =ms ( ! solemn /yle & ! famili>1 is inelegant1 :e!r ! v]bs ref] to ! same nom9ative or h diff]5t ones express$2 z1 ,:at appe>s tott]+ & 9 haz>d ( tumbl+1 produce? 9 ! spectator ! pa9ful emotion ( fe>4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cef4 ,& ! milkmaid s+e? bli!1 ,& ! m[] :ets 8 si!4--,milton's ,allegro1 l4 #fe & #ff4 ,,note ,,viii4--,to use diff]5t moods "u precisely ! same circum/ances1 is improp]1 ev5 if ! v]bs h sep>ate nom9atives2 z1 ,bat+ t "o speak & an o!r answ]s1 x is q ! same4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cfh4 ,say1--t "o speaks2 = bo? ! speak+ & ! answ]+ are assum$ z facts4 ,,note ,,ix4--,:5 two t]ms are connect$1 :i* involve diff]5t =ms ( ! same v]b1 su* p>ts ( ! comp\nd t5ses z are n common to bo? =ms1 %\ld be ins]t$ 9 full3 except sometimes aft] ! auxili>y d2 z1 ,& !n he falls1 z ,i d4--,%ak4 ,t is1 z ,i d fall4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces are !re=e faulty3 ,i ?9k myself highly oblig$ to make 8 =tune1 z he has m9e4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgd4 ,say1--z he has made m9e4 ,e attempt to remove !m1 has1 & likely w prove unsuccessful4--,gay's ,prosodical ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,say1--has prov$1 & likely w prove1 unsuccessful4 ,,note ,x4--,! v]b d mu/ nev] be sub/itut$ = any t]m to :i* its own mean+ is n adapt$2 nor is !re any use 9 putt+ x = a prec$+ v]b t is equally %ort3 z1 ,:5 we see h[ confid5tly m5 re/ on gr\ndless surmises 9 ref]5ce to _! own s\ls1 we _c wond] t !y d x 9 ref]5ce to o!rs4--,simeon4 ,bett]3--t !y s re/ 9 ref]5ce to ! s\ls ( o!rs2 = ?is repeats ! idea ) m exactness4 ,,note ,,xi4--,! pret]it %\ld n be employ$ to =m ! comp\nd t5ses ( ! v]b2 nor %\ld ! p]fect p>ticiple be us$ = ! pret]it or conf\nd$ ) ! pres5t4 ,?us3 say1 ,to h gone1 n1 ,to h w5t2 &1 ,i did s1 n1 ,i done s2 or1 ,he saw !m1 n1 ,he se5 !m4 ,aga93 say n1 ,x 0 lift or hoi/ up2 b1 ,x 0 lift$ or hoi/$ up4 ,,note ,,xii4--,c>e %\ld be tak51 to give e v]b or p>ticiple its appropriate =m1 & n to conf\nd ^? :i* resemble ea* o!r2 z1 to flee & to fly1 to lay & to lie1 to sit & to set1 to fall & to fell1 c4 ,?us3 say1 ,he lay by ! fire2 n1 ,he laid by ! fire2--,he has become ri*2 n1 ,he is become ri*2--,i w\ld r /ay2 n1 ,i _h r /ay4 ,,note ,,xiii4--,9 ! syntax ( words t express "t1 :e!r !y be v]bs1 adv]bs1 or n\ns1 ! ord] & fitness ( "t %\ld be obs]v$1 t ! t5ses may be us$ accord+ to _! import4 ,?us3 9 /ead (1 ,i h se5 him la/ week2 say1 ,i saw him la/ week2--&1 9 /ead (1 ,i saw him ?is week2 say1 ,i h se5 him ?is week4 ,s1 9 /ead (1 ,i told y already2 or1 ,i h told y be=e2 say1 ,i h told y already2--,i told y be=e4 ,,note ,,xiv4--,v]bs ( comm&+1 desir+1 expect+1 hop+1 int5d+1 p]mitt+1 & "s o!rs1 9 all _! t5ses1 ref] to actions or ev5ts1 relatively pres5t or future3 "o %\ld !re=e say1 ,i hop$ y w\ld come2 n1 ,i hop$ y w\ld h come2--&1 ,i int5d$ to d x2 n1 ,i int5d$ to h done x2--c4 ,,note ,,xv4--,propositions t are z true n[ z !y ev] 7 or w be1 %\ld g5]ally be express$ 9 ! pres5t t5se3 z1 ,he seem$ h>dly to "k1 t two & two make f\r2 n1 made4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,he w tell y1 t :atev] is1 is "r4 ,sometimes ! pres5t t5se is improp] ) ! conjunction t1 ?\gh x w\ld be q prop] )\t x2 z1 ,o!rs said1 ,t x is ,elias4 ,& o!rs said1 ,t x is a prophet4--,m>k1 vi1 #ae4 ,"h ,t %\ld be omitt$1 or else is %\ld be 04 ,! capital ,t is also improp]4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvii4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,nom9atives ,,connect$ ,,by ,,or4 ,we d n "k 9 :at ei!r reason or in/9ct consi/4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #da4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! v]b consi/ is ( ! plural numb]1 & does n correctly agree ) its two nom9atives1 reason & in/9ct1 :i* are connect$ by or1 & tak5 disjunctively4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ag?1 ,:5 a v]b has two or m nom9atives connect$ by or or nor1 x mu/ agree ) !m s+ly1 & n z if tak5 toge!r4 ,!re=e1 consi/ %\ld be consi/s2 ?us1 ,we d n "k 9 :at ei!r reason or in/9ct consi/s4 ,a n\n or a pron\n jo9$ ) a p>ticiple1 con/itute a nom9ative case absolute4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #ej4 ,! relative w be ( t case1 :i* ! v]b or n\n foll[+1 or ! preposition go+ be=e1 use to gov]n4--,dr4 ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bjc4 ,:i* ! v]b or n\n foll[+1 or ! preposition go+ be=e1 usually gov]n4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bjj4dja ,9 ! diff]5t modes ( pronunciation :i* habit or caprice give rise to4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #ad4 ,by :i* he1 or 8 deputy1 7 au?oriz$ to cut d[n any trees 9 ,:ittlebury =e/4--,junius1 p4 #bea4 ,:]ev] objects 7 to be nam$1 9 :i* s\nd1 noise1 or motion 7 conc]n$1 ! imitation by words 0 abundantly obvi\s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ee4 ,! pleasure or pa9 result+ f a tra9 ( p]ceptions 9 diff]5t circum/ances1 are a beautiful contrivance ( nature = valuable purposes4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bfb4 ,because _! fooli% vanity or _! crim9al ambition repres5t ! pr9ciples by :i* !y are influ5c$1 z absolutely p]fect4--,life ( ,madame ,de ,/ael1 p4 #b4 ,h5ce naturally arise indiff]5ce or av]sion betwe5 ! p>ties4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #cg4 ,a p5it5t unbeliev]1 or an imp5it5t believ]1 are *>act]s no :]e to be f\nd4--,tract1 ,no4 #ahc4 ,copy+ :atev] is peculi> 9 ! talk ( all ^? ^: bir? or =tune entitle !m to imitation4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #aid4 ,:]e love1 hatr$1 fe>1 or contempt1 are (t5 ( decisive influ5ce4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #aai4 ,a lucky anecdote1 or an enliv5+ tale relieve ! folio page4--,d',israeli's ,curiosities1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ae4 ,= outw>d matt] or ev5t1 fa%ion n ! "* )94--,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #cg4 ,yet sometimes we h se5 t w9e1 or *ance1 h w>m$ cold bra9s4--,dryd5's ,poems1 p4 #gf4 ,motion is a ,g5us2 ,flight1 a ,species2 ?is ,flight or t ,flight are ,individuals4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ch4 ,:5 et1 aut1 vel1 s9e1 or nec1 are jo9$ to diff]5t memb]s ( ! same s5t5ce4--,adam's ,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bjf2 ,g\ld's ,lat4 ,gram41 #bjc2 ,grant's1 #bff4 ,wisdom or folly gov]n u4--,fisk's ,engli% ,gram41 #hd4 ,a or an are /yl$ indef9ite articles4--,folk]'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,a ru/y nail1 or a crook$ p91 %oot up into prodigies4--,spectator1 ,no4 #g4 ,are ei!r ! subject or ! pr$icate 9 ! second s5t5ce modifi$8--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #egh1 #ehi4 ,praise f a fri5d1 or c5sure f a foe1 ,are lo/ on he>]s t our m]its "k4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 x1 l4 #bic4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,nom9atives ,,connect$ ,,by ,,nor4 ,nei!r he nor %e h spok5 to him4--,p]r9's ,gram41 p4 #bcg4 ,= want ( a process ( ev5ts1 nei!r k nor elegance pres]ve ! read] f we>9ess4--,,johnson3 9 ,crabb's ,syn41 p4 #eaa4 ,nei!r hi/ory nor tradition furni% su* in=mation4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #b4 ,nei!r ! =m nor p[] ( ! liquids h v>i$ mat]ially4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alph41 p4 #af4 ,:]e nei!r noise nor motion are conc]n$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ee4 ,nei!r ,*>les nor 8 bro!r 7 qualifi$ to support su* a sy/em4--,junius1 p4 #bej4 ,:51 !re=e1 nei!r ! livel9ess ( repres5tation1 nor ! w>m? ( passion1 s]ve1 z x 71 to cov] ! trespass1 x is n safe to leave ! beat5 track4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cha4 ,9 _m c\ntries call$ ,*ri/ian1 nei!r ,*ri/ianity1 nor its evid5ce1 are fairly laid be=e m54--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bfi4 ,nei!r ! intellect nor ! he>t are capable ( be+ driv54--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #bj4 ,?r\gh\t ?is hymn1 nei!r ,apollo nor ,diana are 9 any way connect$ ) ! ,sun or ,moon4--,col]idge's ,introd41 p4 #aii4 ,( :i*1 nei!r he1 nor ?is ,gramm>1 take any notice4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cdf4 ,nei!r _! solicitude nor _! =esight ext5d s f>4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bhg4 ,nei!r ,gom>a1 nor ,ovi$o1 nor ,h]r]a1 consid] ,oj$a1 or 8 companion ,vespucci1 z ! fir/ discov]]s ( ! cont95t ( ,am]ica4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dga4 ,nei!r ! g5]al situation ( our colonies1 nor t p>ticul> di/ress :i* =c$ ! inhabitants ( ,bo/on to take up arms1 h be5 ?\ght wor?y ( a mom5t's consid]ation4--,junius1 p4 #agd4 ,nor ,w> nor ,wisdom yield our ,jews delight1 ,!y w n /udy1 & !y d>e n fight4 --,crabbe's ,bor\gh1 p4 #ej4 ,nor "t nor *ance bre$ su* confusions yet1 ,nor are ! mean s rais'd1 nor sunk ! great4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #bac4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,nom9atives ,,t ,,disagree4 ,! def9ite article !1 designates :at p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s is meant4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #bc & p4 #cc4 ,sometimes a ^w or words necess>y to complete ! grammatical con/ruction ( a s5t5ce1 is n express$1 b omitt$ by ellipsis4--,burr's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,ellipsis1 or abbreviations1 is ! :eels ( language4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,! conditions or t5or ( none ( !m appe> at ?is day4--,hut*9son's ,hi/4 ( ,mass41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #af4 ,nei!r m5 nor money 7 want+ = ! s]vice4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bgi4 ,ei!r our own feel+s1 or ! repres5tation ( ^? ( o!rs1 require frequ5t emphatic di/9ction4--,b>b]'s ,ex]cises1 p4 #ac4 ,ei!r ,atoms & ,*ance1 or ,nature are upp]mo/3 n[ ,i am = ! latt] "p ( ! disjunction1--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #aha4 ,_! ri*es or pov]ty are g5]ally proportion$ to _! activity or indol5ce4--,ross ,cox's ,n>rative4 ,conc]n+ ! o!r "p ( him1 nei!r y nor he seem to h ent]ta9$ an idea4--,bp4 ,horne4 ,^: e>n+s or income are s small4--,n4 ,e4 ,discipl9e1 p4 #acj4 ,nei!r ri*es nor fame r5d] a man happy4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,! ref]5ces to ! pages1 always po9t to ! fir/ volume1 unless ! ,ex]cises or ,key are m5tion$4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bhc4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,complete ,,! ,,concord4 ,my "l1 y wrong my fa!r2 nor he nor ,i are capable ( h>b\r+ a ?\ght aga9/ y\r peace4--,walpole4 ,!re 0 no division ( acts2 no pauses or int]val betwe5 !m2 b ! /age 0 cont9ually full2 occupi$ ei!r by ! actors1 or ! *orus4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfc4 ,e ^w end+ 9 ,b1 ,p1 ,f1 z also _m 9 ,v1 are ( ?is ord]4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 i1 #gc4 ,z pr\d z we are ( human reason1 no?+ c be m absurd ?an ! g5]al sy/em ( human life & human k4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #cdg4 ,by :i* ! body ( s9 & dea? is done away1 & we cleans$4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #afe4 ,& ^? 7 already conv]t$1 & reg5]ation begun 9 !m4--,ib41 iii1 #dcc4 ,= ,i am an old man1 & my wife well /rick5 9 ye>s4--,luke1 i1 #ah4 ,:o is my "m1 or my bre?r58--,m>k1 iii1 #cc4 ,lebanon is n suffici5t to burn1 nor ! bea/s !re( suffici5t = a burnt-(f]+4--,isaiah1 xl1 #af4 ,in=mation has be5 obta9$1 & "s trials made4--,society 9 ,am]ica1 i1 #cjh4 ,x is z obvi\s1 & its causes m easily und]/ood4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #hd4 ,all languages furni% examples ( ?is k9d1 & ! ,engli% z _m z any o!r4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aeg4 ,! w9t]s are long1 & ! cold int5se4--,morse's ,geog41 p4 #ci4 ,h[ h ,i hat$ in/ruction1 & my he>t despis$ repro(6--,prov41 v1 #ab4 ,! ve/als 7 aboli%$ by ,!odosius ! ,great1 & ! fire ( ,ve/a ext+ui%$4--,lempri]e1 w4 ,ve/ales4 ,ri*es beget pride2 pride1 impati5ce4--,bullions's ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #hi4 ,gramm> is n reason+1 any m ?an organization is ?\ght1 or lett]s s\nds4--,enclytica1 p4 #ij4 ,words are implem5ts1 & gramm> a ma*9e4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,place ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,p]son4 ,i or ?\ art ! p]son :o mu/ und]take ! bus9ess propos$4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahd4 ,i & he 7 !re4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,& we dream$ a dream 9 "o night1 ,i & he4--,g541 xli1 #aa4 ,if my views rema9 ! same z m9e & 8 7 9 #ahcc4--;,,goodell3 ,lib]ator1 ix1 #adh4 ,i & my fa!r 7 rid+ out4--,in/41 p4 #aeh4 ,! premiums 7 giv5 to me & ,george4--,ib4 ,i & ,jane are invit$4--,ib4 ,!y ought to invite me & my si/]4--,ib4 ,i & y int5d go+4--,guy's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,i & ,john are go+ to ,t[n4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,i1 & he are sick4 ,i1 & ?\ are well4--,james ,br[n's ,am]ican ,gram41 ,bo/on ,edition ( #ahda1 p4 #abc4 ,i1 & he is4 ,i1 & ?\ art4 ,i1 & he writes4--,ib41 p4 #abf4 ,i1 & !y are well4 ,i1 ?\1 & %e 7 walk+4--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,di/9ct ,,subject ,,phrases4 ,to practise tale-be>+1 or ev5 to c\nt5ance x1 are great inju/ice4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #aei4 ,to reveal secrets1 or to betray "o's fri5ds1 are contemptible p]fidy4--,ib4 ,to write all sub/antives ) capital lett]s1 or to exclude !m f adjectives d]iv$ f prop] names1 may p]haps be ?\ght (f5ces too small = animadv]sion2 b ! evil ( innovation is always some?+4--,dr4 ,b>r['s ,essays1 p4 #hh4 ,to live 9 su* families1 or to h su* s]vants1 are bless+s f ,god4--,family ,comm5t>y1 p4 #fd4 ,h[ !y portion$ out ! c\ntry1 :at revolutions !y exp]i5c$1 or :at w>s !y ma9ta9$1 are utt]ly unkn[n4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #d4 ,to speak or to write p]spicu\sly & agreeably1 are atta9m5ts ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce to all :o purpose1 ei!r by spee* or writ+1 to address ! public4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aa4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,make ,,! ,,v]bs ,,agree4 ,do? he n leave ! n9ety & n9e1 & goe? into ! m\nta9s1 & seeke? t :i* is gone a/ray8--,matt41 xviii1 #ab4 ,did he n fe> ! ,"l1 & bes\ght ! ,"l1 & ! ,"l rep5t$ him ( ! evil :i* he _h pron\nc$8--,j]41 xxvi1 #ai4 ,& do/ ?\ op5 ?9e eyes ^u su* an "o1 & br+e/ me into judgem5t ) !e8--,job1 xiv1 #c4 ,if any man among y seem to be religi\s1 & bridle? n 8 tongue1 b deceive? 8 own he>t1 ?is man's religion is va94--,james1 i1 #bf4 ,if ?\ sell aught unto ?y neighb\r1 or buye/ aught ( ?y neighb\r's h&1 ye %all n oppress "o an o!r4--,leviticus1 xxv1 #ad4 ,& if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e1 %all h become poor1 & be sold to !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond s]vant4--,,web/]',s ,,bible3 ,lev41 xxv1 #ci4 ,if ?\ br+ ?y gift to ! alt>1 & !re rememb]e/ t ?y bro!r ha? aught aga9/ !e1 c4--,matt41 v1 #bc4 ,an!a 0 cont5t to call a coa*1 & cross$ ! brook4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #cd4 ,x is ei!r totally suppress$1 or appe>s 9 its l[e/ & mo/ imp]fect =m4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bc4 ,b if any man be a wor%ip] ( ,god1 & doe? 8 w1 him he he>e?4--,john1 ix1 #ca4 ,:]eby 8 righte\sness & ob$i5ce1 dea? & suff]+s )\t1 become pr(itable unto u1 & is made ours4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #afd4 ,:o ought to h be5 "h be=e !e1 & object1 if !y _h aught aga9/ me4--,acts1 xxiv1 #ai4 ,yes6 ?y pr\d lords1 unpiti$ l&1 %all see ,t man ha? yet a s\l1 & d>e be free4--,campbell4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,use ,,sep>ate ,,nom9atives4 ,h is only an aspiration or brea?+2 & sometimes at ! beg9n+ ( a ^w is n s\nd$ at all4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,man 0 made = society1 & ought to ext5d 8 good w to all m54--,ib41 p4 #ab2 ,murray's1 i1 #agj4 ,!re is1 & mu/ be1 a supreme be+1 ( inf9ite goodness1 p[]1 & wisdom1 :o creat$ & supports !m4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #bja4 ,7 y n affright$1 & mi/ook a _s = a body8--,watson's ,apology1 p4 #abb4 ,! latt] n\n or pron\n is n gov]n$ by ! conjunction ?an or z1 b agrees ) ! v]b1 or is gov]n$ by ! v]b or ! preposition1 express$ or und]/ood4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bad2 ,russell's1 #ajc2 ,bacon's1 #ea2 ,alg]'s1 #ga2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #agi4 ,he _h mi/ak5 8 true int]e/s1 & f\nd himself =sak54--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bja4 ,! amputation 0 exce$+ly well p]=m$1 & sav$ ! pati5t's life4--,ib41 p4 #aia4 ,! int5tions ( "s ( ^! philosoph]s1 nay1 ( _m 1 might h be51 & probably 7 good4--,ib41 p4 #baf4 ,?is may be true1 & yet w n ju/ify ! practice4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cc4 ,f ! practice ( ^? :o h _h a lib]al education1 & are !re=e presum$ to be be/ acqua9t$ ) m5 & ?+s4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afa4 ,= ^? en]gies & b\nties :i* creat$ & pres]ve ! univ]se4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #cbg4 ,i %all make x once = all & hope x w be aft]w>ds rememb]$4--,blair's ,lect41 p4 #de4 ,?is consequ5ce is drawn too abruptly1 & ne$$ m explanation4--,ib41 p4 #bbi4 ,!y mu/ be us$ ) m caution1 & require m prep>ation4-- ,ib41 p4 #aec4 ,! apo/rophe d5otes ! omission ( an i1 :i* 0 =m]ly ins]t$1 & made an addition ( a syllable to ! ^w4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,! succession may be r5d]$ m v>i\s or m uni=m1 b 9 "o %ape or an o!r is unavoidable4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i4 #bec4 ,x excites nei!r t]ror nor compassion1 nor is agreeable 9 any respect4--,ib41 ii1 #bgg4 ,*eap vulg> arts1 ^: n>r[ness af=ds ,no flight = ?\ghts1 b poorly /ick at words4--,d5ham4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,mixture ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,/yles4 ,let u read ! liv+ page1 ^: e "* delighte? & in/ructs u4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,= if x be 9 any degree obscure1 x puzzles1 & do? n please4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ceg4 ,:5 a speak] addresse? himself to ! und]/&+1 he proposes ! in/ruction ( 8 he>]s4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ac4 ,z ! w9e :i* /r5g!ns & refre%e? ! he>t4--,h4 ,adams's ,view1 p4 #bba4 ,?is tru? he wrappe? 9 an allegory1 & feigns t "o ( ! goddesses _h tak5 up h] abode ) ! o!r4--,pope's ,works1 iii1 #df4 ,god se>*e? & und]/&s ! he>t4--,?omas ,kempis4 ,! grace ( ,god1 t br+s salvation ha? appe>$ to all m54--,b>clays ,works1 i1 #cff4 ,also we speak n 9 ! words1 :i* man's wisdom tea*es2 b :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ tea*e?4--,ib41 i1 #chh4 ,b he ha? an objection1 :i* he urge?1 & by :i* he ?9ks to ov]turn all4--,ib41 iii1 #cbg4 ,9 t x gives !m n t com=t & joy :i* x give? unto !m :o love x4--,ib41 i1 #adb4 ,?\ "h misund]/ood ! place & misappli$/ x4--,ib41 iii1 #ch4 ,l ! b>r5 hea? 9 ! des]t1 :i* kn[e? n :5 good comes4--,fri5ds' ,extracts1 p4 #abh2 ,n4 ,e4 ,discip41 p4 #ge4 ,x speake? ( ! "t pa/1 b %ews t some?+ 0 !n do+1 b n q f9i%$4--,e4 ,devis's ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,x subsi/s 9 spite ( !m2 x advance? unobs]v$4--,,pascal3 ,addison's ,evid5ces1 p4 #ag4 ,b :]e is he1 ! ,pilgrim ( my song8-- ,me?9ks he come? late & t>ries long4--,byron1 ,cant4 iv1 ,/4 #afd4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,confusion ,,( ,,moods4 ,if a man h a hundr$ %eep1 & "o ( !m is gone a/ray1 c4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bbg ) #aig4 ,z a speak] advances 9 8 disc\rse1 especially if x be some:at impassion$1 & increases 9 en]gy & e>ne/ness1 a high] & l\d] tone w naturally /eal ^u him4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #fh4 ,if "o man e/eem a day above ano!r1 & ano!r e/eeme? e day alike2 let e man be fully p]suad$ 9 8 own m9d4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dci4 ,if !re be b "o body ( legislators1 x is no bett] ?an a tyranny2 if !re are only two1 !re w want a ca/+ voice4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #bhg4 ,%\ld y come up ?is way1 & ,i am /ill "h1 y ne$ n be assur$ h[ glad ,i %all be to see y4--,ld4 ,byron4 ,if he rep5t & becomes holy1 let him enjoy ,god & heav54--,br[nson's ,elwood1 p4 #bdh4 ,if ?y fell[ approa* !e1 nak$ & de/itute1 & ?\ %\ld/ say unto him1 ',dep>t 9 peace2 be y w>m$ & fill$2' & yet %\ld/ give him n ^? ?+s t are ne$ful to him1 :at b5evol5ce is !re 9 ?y conduct8--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ajh4 ,get on y\r nightg[n1 lo/ occasion calls u4 ,& %[ u to be wat*]s4 --,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #bgh4 ,b if x climb1 ) y\r assi/+ h&s1 ,! ,trojan walls1 & 9 ! city /&s4 --,dryd5's ,virgil1 ii1 #ade4 --------------------------,?\gh ,heav5's k+ ,ride on ?y w+s1 & ?\ ) ?y compe]s1 ,u'd to ! yoke1 draw'/ 8 triumphant :eels4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 iv1 l4 #igc4 ,u'd to ! yoke1 draw'd/ 8 triumphant :eels4 --,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,improp] ,,ellipses4 ,inde$ we h s]i\sly wond]$ t ,murray %\ld leave "s ?+s z he has4--,education ,report]4 ,:i* !y nei!r h nor c d4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #gc4 ,! ,"l ha?1 & do?1 & w reveal 8 w to 8 p1 & ha? & do? raise up memb]s ( 8 body1 c4--,ib41 i1 #dhd4 ,we see !n1 t ! ,"l ha?1 & do? give su*4--,ib41 i1 #dhd4 ,t[>ds ^? t h or d decl>e !mselves memb]s4--,ib41 i1 #did4 ,= :i* we c1 & h giv5 our suffici5t reasons4--,ib41 i1 #ejg4 ,:5 we m5tion ! sev]al prop]ties ( ! diff]5t words 9 s5t5ces1 9 ! same mann] z we h ^? ( ,william's1 above1 :at is ! ex]cise call$8--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,x is1 h[ev] to be d\bt$ :e!r ?is peculi>ity ( ! ,greek idiom1 ev] has or w obta9 ext5sively 9 ! ,engli%4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,:y did n ! ,greeks & ,romans ab\nd 9 auxili>y words z mu* z we8--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aaa4 ,:o deliv]s 8 s5tim5ts 9 e>ne/1 z !y ought to be 9 ord] to move & p]suade4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aea4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,d1 ,,us$ ,,z ,a ,,sub/itute4 ,& ,i w\ld avoid x altoge!r1 if x c\ld be done4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cf4 ,su* a s5tim5t f a man expir+ ( 8 w\nds1 is truly h]oic1 & mu/ elevate ! m9d to ! greate/ height t c be done by a s+le expression4--,ib41 i1 #bjd4 ,successive images mak+ ?us deep] & deep] impressions1 mu/ elevate m ?an any s+le image c d4--,ib41 i1 #bje4 ,besides mak+ a deep] impression ?an c be done by cool reason+4--,ib41 ii1 #bgc4 ,yet a poet1 by ! =ce ( g5ius alone1 c rise high] ?an a public speak] c d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cch4 ,& ! v same reason t has induc$ sev]al gramm>ians to g s f> z !y h done1 %\ld h induc$ !m to g f>!r4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 vii4 ,! pupil %\ld commit ! fir/ section p]fectly1 be=e he does ! second "p ( gramm>4-- ,bradley's ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,! ,greek * 0 pron\nc$ h>d1 z we n[ d 9 *ord4--,boo?'s ,introd4 to ,dict41 p4 #fa4 ,!y pron\nce ! syllables 9 a diff]5t mann] f :at !y d at o!r times4-- ,murray's ,eng4 ,read]1 p4 xi4 ,& give him ! =mal cool reception t ,simon _h done4--,dr4 ,scott1 on ,luke1 vii4 ,i d n say1 z "s h done4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #bga4 ,if he suppose ! fir/1 he may d ! la/4--,b>clay's ,works1 ii1 #djf4 ,:o are n[ despis+ ,*ri/ 9 8 inw>d appe>ance1 z ! ,jews ( old did him 9 8 outw>d4--,ib41 i1 #ejf4 ,t text ( ,revelations mu/ n be und]/ood1 z he do? x4-- ,ib41 iii1 #cji4 ,till ! mode ( p>s+ ! n\n is s famili> to him1 t he c d x readily4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,p]haps x is runn+ ! same c\rse :i* ,rome _h done be=e4--,middleton's ,life ( ,cic]o4 ,x ought ev5 on ?is gr\nd to be avoid$2 :i* may easily be done by a diff]5t con/ruction4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cab4 ,^! two languages are n[ pron\nc$ 9 ,engl& z no o!r nation 9 ,europe does besides4--,creighton's ,dict41 p4 xi4 ,g]many ran ! same risk t ,italy _h done4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #baa3 see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aif4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,pret]its ,,& ,,p>ticiples4 ,! ,begg>s !mselves w be broke 9 a trice4--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #cdg4 ,! hoop is hoi/ above 8 nose4--,ib41 p4 #djd4 ,my he>t 0 lift up 9 ! ways ( ! ,"l4 #b ,,*ron4--,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,lift4 ,:o s9 s (t h m\rn$1 ,yet to temptation ran4--,burns4 ,:o w\ld n h let !m appe>$4--,/eele4 ,he w\ld h _h y s\ght = ease at ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,legality4--,pilgrim's ,progress1 p4 #ca4 ,f me 8 madd+ m9d is />t1 ,& wooes ! wid['s daught] ( ! gl54--,,sp5s]3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,gl54 ,! man has spoke1 & /ill speaks4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,= y h b mi/ook me all ?is :ile4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #aad4 ,& w y r5t our anci5t love asund]4--,ib41 p4 #eb4 ,mr4 ,birney has plead ! inexp$i5cy ( pass+ su* resolutions4-- ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 xiii1 p4 #aid4 ,:o h wore out _! ye>s 9 su* mo/ pa9ful ,lab\rs4--,littleton's ,dict41 ,pref4 ,& 9 ! conclusion y 7 *ose probation]4--,spectator1 ,no4 #cb4 ,h[ %e 0 lo/1 took captive1 made a slave2 ,& h[ aga9/ him set t %\ld h] save4--,bunyan4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,v]bs ,,conf\nd$4 ,b ,moses pref]r$ to wile away 8 "t4--,p>k]'s ,engli% ,composition1 p4 #ae4 ,8 face %[n ) ! rays ( ! sun4--,calv9's ,in/41 #dto1 p4 #gf4 ,:om !y _h sat at defiance s lately4-- ,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #cbj4 ,& :5 he 0 set1 8 disciples came unto him4--,matt41 v1 #a4 ,:5 he 0 set d[n on ! judgem5t-seat4-- ,ib41 xxvii1 #ai4 ,& :5 !y _h k9dl$ a fire 9 ! mid/ ( ! hall1 & 7 set d[n toge!r1 ,pet] sat d[n among !m4--,luke1 xxii1 #ee4 ,s aft] he _h wa%$ _! feet1 & _h tak5 8 g>m5ts1 & 0 set d[n aga91 he said unto !m1 ,"k ye :at ,i h done to y8--,john1 xiii1 #ab4 ,ev5 z ,i also ov]came1 & am set d[n ) my ,fa!r 9 8 ?rone4--,rev41 iii1 #ba4 ,we h su* an high prie/1 :o is set on ! "r h& ( ! ?rone ( ! ,maje/y 9 ! heav5s4-- ,heb41 viii1 #a4 ,& is set d[n at ! "r h& ( ! ?rone ( ,god4--,ib41 xii1 #b4djb ,he sat on foot a furi\s p]secution4-- ,payne's ,geog41 ii1 #dah4 ,!re laye? an obligation ^u ! sa9ts1 to help su*4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #chi4 ,!re let him lay4--,byron's ,pilgrimage1 ,c4 iv1 /4 #ahj4 ,no?+ b moss1 & %rubs1 & /9t$ trees1 c gr[ ^u x4--,morse's ,geog41 p4 #dc4 ,:o _h la9 out consid]able sums purely to di/+ui% !mselves4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #acb4 ,:]eunto ! righte\s fly & are safe4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #adf4 ,he raise? f supp]1 & laid aside 8 g>m5ts4--,ib41 i1 #dch4 ,:i!r--,oh6 :i!r %all ,i fly8--,murray's ,engli% ,read]1 p4 #abc4 ,fly+ f an adopt$ murd]]4--,ib41 p4 #abb4 ,to y ,i fly = refuge4--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,! sign t %\ld w>n 8 disciples to fly f approa*+ ru94--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #fb4 ,9 "o %e sets z a prototype = exact imitation4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 xxiii4 ,9 :i* "s only bleat1 b>k1 mew1 w9n[1 & bray1 a little bett] ?an o!rs4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,:o repres5t$ to him ! unreasonabl5ess ( be+ effect$ ) su* unmanly fe>s4--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #ajf4 ,?\ saw$/ e action4--,guy's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,i taught1 ?\ taught$/1 he or %e taught4--,co>'s ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,val]ian is tak5 by ,sapor & flead alive1 ,a4 ,d4 #bfj4--,lempri]e's ,*ron4 ,table1 ,dict41 p4 xix4 ,:at a f9e vehicle is x n[ become = all conceptions ( ! m9d6--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aci4 ,:at are become ( s _m productions8 --,volney's ,ru9s1 p4 #h4 ,:at are become ( ^? ages ( abundance & ( life8--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #ajg4 ,! ,sp>tan admiral 0 sail$ to ! ,hellespont4--,goldsmi?s ,greece1 i1 #aej4 ,z soon z he 0 l&$1 ! multitude ?rong$ ab\t him4--,ib41 i1 #afj4 ,cyrus 0 arriv$ at ,s>dis4--,ib41 i1 #afa4 ,^: ye> 0 expir$4--,ib41 i1 #afb4 ,x _h bett] h be51 't faction :i*4'--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,?is p is become a great nation4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aec2 ,+]soll's1 #bdi4 ,& "h we are got into ! region ( ornam5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aha4 ,! ungraceful p>5!sis :i* foll[s1 _h f> bett] h be5 avoid$4--,ib41 p4 #bae4 ,:o =c$ him "u wat]1 & !re held him until dr\nd$4--,indian ,w>s1 p4 #ee4 ,i _h mu* r be myself ! slave1 ,& we> ! bonds1 ?an fa/5 !m on him4--,c[p]4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,words ,,t ,,express ,,"t4 ,i _h f9i%$ my lett] be=e my bro!r arriv$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aci4 ,i _h writt5 be=e ,i receiv$ 8 lett]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hb4 ,f :at has be5 =m]ly deliv]$4--,ib41 p4 #ahb4 ,arts 7 ( late introduc$ among !m4--,ib41 p4 #bde4 ,i am n ( op9ion t su* rules c be ( mu* use1 unless p]sons saw !m exemplifi$4--,ib41 p4 #ccf4 ,if we use ! n\n itself1 we %\ld say1 ',?is composition is ,john's4' --,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agd4 ,b if ! ass]tion ref]r$ to some?+1 t is n always ! same1 or suppos$ to be s1 ! pa/ t5se mu/ be appli$4--,ib41 p4 #aia4 ,!y told him1 t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? passe? by4--,luke1 xviii1 #cg4 ,!re is no p>ticul> intimation b t ,i cont9u$ to "w1 ev5 to ! pres5t mom5t4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5's ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,g5]ally1 z 0 obs]v$ already1 x is b h9t$ 9 a s+le ^w or phrase4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cf4 ,! witt9ess ( ! passage 0 already illu/rat$4--,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,z 0 obs]v$ already4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,x 0 said already 9 g5]al4--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,z ,i h9t$ already4--,ib41 p4 #acd4 ,:at ,i believe 0 h9t$ once already4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 ,x is obvi\s1 z ha? be5 h9t$ =m]ly1 t ?is is b an artificial & arbitr>y connexion4--,ib41 p4 #bhb4 ,!y h done anci5tly a great deal ( hurt4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #aji4 ,!n said ,paul1 ,i knew n1 bre?r51 t he is ! ,high ,prie/4--,dr4 ,web/]'s ,bible3 ,acts1 xxiii1 #e4 ,mo/ prepositions orig9ally d5ote ! relation ( place1 & h be5 !nce transf]r$ to d5ote by similitude o!r relations4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fe2 ,*ur*ill's1 #aaf4 ,8 gift 0 b a poor (f]+1 :5 we consid] 8 e/ate4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aid4 ,if he %\ld succe$1 & %\ld obta9 8 end1 he w n be ! happi] = x4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #bjg4 ,^! are torr5ts t swell to-day1 & h sp5t !mselves by to-morr[4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bhf4 ,:o h call$ t :eat to-day1 :i* !y h call$ t>es to-morr[4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii4 #afh4 ,he ?\ght x _h be5 "o ( 8 t5ants4--,ib41 i1 #aa4 ,b if "o w5t unto !m f ! dead1 !y w rep5t4--,luke1 xvi1 #cj4 ,nei!r w !y be p]suad$1 ?\gh "o rose f ! dead4--,ib41 v]se #ca4 ,b x is :ile m5 slept t ! ar*5emy has always s[n 8 t>es4--,! ,fri5d1 x1 #cea4 ,cresc5s w\ld n fail to h expos$ him4--,addison's ,evid5ces1 p4 #cj4 ,b5t 0 8 b[1 ! ,grecian he>ts to w\nd2 ,fi]ce z he mov'd1 8 silv] %afts res\nd4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 i1 l4 #fd4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,v]bs ,,( ,,comm&+1 c4 ,_h ,i comm&$ y to h done ?is1 y w\ld h ?\ght h>d ( x4--,g4 ,b4 ,i f\nd him bett] ?an ,i expect$ to h f\nd him4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,!re are sev]al small] faults1 :i* ,i at fir/ int5d$ to h enum]at$4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bdf4 ,anti!sis1 !re=e1 may1 on _m occasions1 be employ$ to advantage1 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! impression :i* we int5d t any object %\ld make4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afh4 ,! girl said1 if h] ma/] w\ld b h let h] _h money1 %e might h be5 well long ago4--,see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,nor is !re ! lea/ gr\nd to fe>1 t we %\ld be cramp$ "h )9 too n>r[ limits4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afc2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cfj4 ,! ,romans1 flu%$ ) success1 expect$ to h retak5 x4--,hooke's ,hi/41 p4 #cg4 ,i w\ld n h let fall5 an unseasonable pleasantry 9 ! v5]able pres5ce ( ,mis]y1 to be entitl$ to all ! wit t ev] ,rabelais scatt]$4--,,/]ne3 ,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #ed4 ,we expect$ t he w\ld h arriv$ la/ night4--,in/4 p4 #aib4 ,our fri5ds int5d$ to h met u4--,ib4 ,we hop$ to h se5 y4--,ib4 ,he w\ld n h be5 all[$ to h ent]$4--,ib4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,p]man5t ,,propositions4 ,cic]o ma9ta9$ t :atsoev] 0 useful 0 good4--,i obs]v$ t love con/itut$ ! :ole moral "* ( ,god4--,dwight4 ,?9k+ t "o ga9$ no?+ by be+ a good man4--,voltaire4 ,i h already told y t ,i 0 a g5tleman4--,fonta9e4 ,if ,i %\ld ask1 :e!r ice & wat] 7 two di/9ct species ( ?+s4--,locke4 ,a /rang] to ! poem w\ld n easily discov] t ?is 0 v]se4--,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #bfj4 ,! doctor affirm$1 t fev] always produc$ ?ir/4--,in/41 p4 #aib4 ,! anci5ts ass]t$1 t virtue 0 its own rew>d4--,ib4 ,!y %\ld n h repeat$ ! error1 ( insi/+ t ! inf9itive 0 a m]e n\n4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bhh4 ,x 0 obs]v$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,iii4 t ! di/9ctive or _h a d\ble use4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,two "y g5tlem51 :o h made a discov]y t !re 0 no ,god4--,swift4 ,,rule ,,xviii4--,,inf9itives4 ,! ,inf9itive ,mood is gov]n$ 9 g5]al by ! preposition ,,to1 :i* commonly connects x to a f9ite v]b3 z1 ,i desire ,,to le>n4--,dr4 ,adam4 ,( me ! ,roman p h _m pl$ges1 :i* ,i mu/ /rive1 ) my utmo/ endeav\rs1 ,,to pres]ve1 ,,to def5d1 ,,to confirm1 & ,,to r$eem4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #da4 ,:at if ! foot1 orda9'd ! du/ ,,to tread1 ,or h& ,,to toil1 aspir'd ,,to be ! head8--,pope4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xviii4 ,,obs4 #a4--,no ^w is m v>i\sly expla9$ by gramm>ians1 ?an ?is ^w ,,to1 :i* is put be=e ! v]b 9 ! inf9itive mood4 ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,scott1 ,todd1 & "s o!r lexicograph]s1 call x an adv]b2 b1 9 expla9+ its use1 !y say x d5otes c]ta9 relations1 :i* x is n ! (fice ( an adv]b to express4 7,see ! ^w 9 ,johnson's ,qu>to ,diction>y47 ,d4 ,/4 ,qu5t91 9 8 ,rudim5ts ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 says1 ,to1 be=e a v]b1 is an adv]b2 & yet 8 ,adv]bs are words t are jo9$ to v]bs or adjectives1 & express "s circum/ance or quality4 ,see pp4 #cc & #ci4 ,l[?1 ,prie/ley1 ,fi%]1 ,l4 ,murray1 ,web/]1 ,wilson1 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 ,co>1 ,comly1 ,blair1 ,fel*1 ,fisk1 ,gre5leaf1 ,h>t1 ,weld1 ,webb]1 & o!rs1 call x a preposition2 & "s ( ^! ascribe to x ! gov]nm5t ( ! v]b1 :ile o!rs d n4 ,l[? says1 ,! preposition ,,to1 plac$ be=e ! v]b1 makes ! inf9itive mood4--,%ort ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,n[ ?is1 says ,horne ,tooke1 is manife/ly n s3 = ,,to plac$ be=e ! v]b love?1 w n make ! inf9itive mood4 ,he w\ld h said m truly1 t ,,to plac$ be=e "s n\ns1 makes v]bs4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bhg4 ,,obs4 #b4--,sk9n]1 9 8 ,canones ,etymologici1 calls ?is ,,to an equivocal article1--,tooke1 ib41 i1 #bhh4 ,nutt+1 a late ,am]ican gramm>ian1 says3 ,! sign ,,to is no o!r ?an ! ,greek article to2 z1 to agapan 1 to love2 or1 z "s say1 x is ! ,saxon d--,practical ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,?us1 by sugge/+ two false & inconsi/5t d]ivations1 ?\gh he uses n ! "n equivocal article1 he fir/ makes ! ^w an article1 & !n equivocal--equivocal 9 etymology1 & ( c\rse 9 mean+4#djc ,nixon1 9 8 ,engli% ,p>s]1 supposes x to be1 unequivocally1 ! ,greek article ,greek3 to1 !4 ,see ! "w1 p4 #hc4 ,d4 ,boo? says1 ,to is1 by u1 appli$ to ,v]bs2 b x 0 ! neut] ,article 7!7 among ! ,greeks4--,introd4 to ,analyt4 ,dict41 p4 #fj4 ,accord+ to ,horne ,tooke1 ,m9%ew also di/+ui%es betwe5 ! preposition ,,to1 & ! sign ( ! inf9itive ,,to4 ,( ! =m] he is sil5t1 & ( ! latt] he says3 ',to1 z to make1 to walk1 to d1 a ,grco articulo ,greek3 to4' ,b ,dr4 ,gregory ,%>pe is p]suad$1 t our language has tak5 x f ! ,hebrew4 ,& ,vossius d]ives ! correspond5t ,lat9 preposition ,,ad f ! same s\rce4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bic4 ,,obs4 #c4--,tooke also says1 ,i obs]ve1 t ,junius & ,sk9n] & ,johnson1 h n *os5 to give ! slighte/ h9t conc]n+ ! d]ivation ( ,,to4--,ibid4 ,b1 c]ta9ly1 ( 8 adv]b ,,to1 ,johnson gives ?is h9t3 ,,to1 ,saxon2 te1 ,dut*4 ,& ,web/]1 :o calls x n an adv]b1 b a preposition1 gives ! same h9t ( ! s\rce f :i* x comes to u4 ,?is is z mu* z to say1 x is etymologically ! old ,saxon preposition to--:i*1 truly1 x is--! v same ^w t1 = a ?\s& ye>s or m1 has be5 us$ be=e n\ns & pron\ns to gov]n ! objective case4 ,tooke himself does n d5y ?is2 b1 conceiv+ t almo/ all p>ticles1 :e!r ,engli% or any o!r1 c be trac$ back to anci5t v]bs or n\ns1 he hunts = ! root ( ?is1 9 a remot] region1 :]e he pret5ds to f9d t to has ! same orig9 z d2 & ?\gh he detects ! =m] 9 a ,go?ic n\n1 he scruples n to id5tify x ) an auxili>y v]b6 ,yet he else:]e expressly d5ies1 t any words *ange _! nature by use1 s z to belong sometimes to "o "p ( spee*1 & sometimes to ano!r4--,div4 ( ,pur41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fh4 ,,obs #d4--;,f ?is1 ! fair inf]5ce is1 t he w h bo? to & d to be n\ns sub/antive /ill6 ,d 7! auxili>y v]b1 z x has be5 call$7 is d]iv$ f ! same root1 & is inde$ ! same ^w z ,,to4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bij4 ,s9ce ,,f means comm5cem5t or beg9n+1 ,,to mu/ mean end or t]m9ation4--,ib41 i1 #bhc4 ,! preposition ,,to 79 ,dut* writt5 ,,toe & ,,tot1 a little ne>] to ! orig9al7 is ! ,go?ic sub/antive ,go?ic3 taui or ,go?ic3 tauhts1 i4 e4 act1 effect1 result1 consummation4 ,:i* ,go?ic sub/antive is inde$ itself no o!r ?an ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b ,go?ic3 taujan1 ag]e4 ,& :at is done1 is t]m9at$1 end$1 f9i%$4--,ib41 i1 #bhe4 ,no wond] t ,johnson1 ,sk9n]1 & ,junius1 gave no h9t ( ?is d]ivation3 x is n wor? ! ink x takes1 if x _c be made m sure4 ,b 9 %[+ its be>+ on ! v]b1 ! au?or n unju/ly compla9s ( our gramm>ians1 t3 ,( all ! po9ts :i* !y endeav\r to %uffle ov]1 !re is none 9 :i* !y d x m grossly ?an 9 ?is ( ! inf9itive4--,ib41 i1 #bhg4 ,,obs4 #e4--,_m are cont5t to call ! ^w ,,to a prefix1 a p>ticle1 a little ^w1 a sign ( ! inf9itive1 a "p ( ! inf9itive1 a "p ( ! v]b1 & ! l1 )\t tell+ u :5ce x comes1 h[ x diff]s f ! preposition to1 or to :at "p ( spee* x belongs4 ,x c]ta9ly is n :at we usually call a prefix1 because we nev] jo9 x to ! v]b2 yet !re are ?ree in/ances 9 :i* x becomes su*1 be=e a n\n3 viz41 to-day1 to-night1 to-morr[4 ,if x is a p>ticle1 s is any o!r preposition1 z well z e small & inv>iable ^w4 ,if x is a little ^w1 ! :ole bigness ( a preposition is unque/ionably f\nd 9 x2 & no ^w is s small b t x mu/ belong to "s "o ( ! t5 classes call$ p>ts ( spee*4 ,if x is a sign ( ! inf9itive1 because x is us$ be=e no o!r mood2 s is x a sign ( ! objective case1 or ( :at 9 ,lat9 is call$ ! dative1 because x prec$es no o!r case4 ,if we suppose x to be a "p ( ! inf9itive1 or a "p ( ! v]b1 x is c]ta9ly no necess>y "p ( ei!r2 because !re is no v]b :i* may n1 9 sev]al diff]5t ways1 be prop]ly us$ 9 ! inf9itive )\t x4 ,b if x be a "p ( ! inf9itive1 x mu/ be a v]b1 & ought to be class$ ) ! auxili>ies4 ,dr4 ,a% accord+ly plac$ x among ! auxili>ies2 b he says1 7inaccurately1 h[ev]17 ,! auxili>y sign seems to h ! nature ( adv]bs4--,grammatical ,in/itutes1 p4 #cc4 ,! auxili>y signs are1 to1 d1 did1 h1 _h1 %all1 w1 may1 c1 mu/1 might1 c4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,x is cle>1 z ,i h already %[n1 t ! ^w to may be a sign ( ! inf9itive1 & yet n be a "p ( x4 ,dr4 ,a% supposes1 x may ev5 be a "p ( ! mood1 & yet n be a "p ( ! v]b4 ,h[ ?is c be1 ,i see n1 unless ! mood consi/s 9 some?+ else ?an ei!r ! =m or ! p>ts ( ! v]b4 ,?is gramm>ian says1 ,9 p>s+1 e ^w %\ld be consid]$ z a di/9ct "p ( spee*3 = ?\gh two or m words may be unit$ to =m a mode1 a t5se1 or a comp>ison2 yet x seems q improp] to unite two or m words to make a n\n1 a v]b1 an adjective1 c4--,gram4 ,in/41 p4 #bh4 ,all ! auxili>ies1 !re=e1 & ! p>ticle to among !m1 he p>ses sep>ately2 b he foll[s n 8 own advice1 to make !m di/9ct p>ts ( spee*2 = he calls !m all signs only1 & signs are n "o ( 8 t5 p>ts ( spee*4 ,& ! p>ticiple too1 :i* is "o ( ! t51 & :i* he decl>es to be no "p ( ! v]b1 he p>ses sep>ately2 call+ x a v]b1 & n a p>ticiple1 z (t5 z x accompanies any ( 8 auxili>y signs4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a great] impropriety ?an !re c be 9 suppos+ an auxili>y & a p>ticiple to con/itute a v]b2 = ! mood & t5se are ! prop]ties ( ! comp\nd1 & ought n to be ascrib$ to ! pr9cipal t]m only4 ,n s ) ! preposition to be=e ! inf9itive1 any m ?an ) ! conjunction if be=e ! subjunctive4 ,^! may well be p>s$ z sep>ate p>ts ( spee*2 = ^! moods are sometimes =m$1 & are completely di/+ui%$ 9 ea* ( _! t5ses1 )\t ! add+ ( ^! signs4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( :at o!rs h taught respect+ ?is disput$ po9t 9 gramm>1 ,i h giv51 9 ! prec$+ rule1 t explanation :i* ,i consid] to be ! mo/ correct & ! mo/ simple1 & also z well au?oriz$ z any4 ,:o fir/ p>s$ ! inf9itive 9 ?is mann]1 ,i "k n2 probably ^? :o fir/ call$ ! to a preposition2 among :om 7 ,l[? & ! au?or ( ! old ,briti% ,gramm>4 ,! doctr9e did n orig9ate ) me1 or ) ,comly1 or ) any ,am]ican au?or4 ,9 ,co>'s ,engli% ,gramm>1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #agif4 ! phrase to trample is p>s$ ?us3 ,to--,a preposition1 s]v+ = a sign ( ! inf9itive mood to ! v]b ,trample--,a v]b neut]1 inf9itive mood1 pres5t t5se1 gov]n$ by ! preposition ,,to be=e x4 ,,rule4 ,! preposition to be=e a v]b1 is ! sign ( ! inf9itive mood4 ,see ! "w1 p4 #bfc4 ,?is 0 writt5 by a g5tleman :o speaks ( 8 long habit ( tea*+ ! ,lat9 ,tongue1 & :o 0 c]ta9ly p>tial en\gh to ! pr9ciples ( ,lat9 gramm>1 s9ce he adopts 9 ,engli% ! :ole detail ( ,lat9 cases4 ,,obs #h4--;,9 ,fi%]'s ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,london1 #ahjj1 7( :i* !re _h be5 _m e>li] editions17 we f9d ! foll[+ rule ( syntax3 ,:5 two pr9cipal ,v]bs come toge!r1 ! latt] ( !m expresses an unlimit$ ,s5se1 ) ! ,preposition to be=e x2 z he lov$ to le>n2 ,i *ose to dance3 & is call$ ! inf9itive ,v]b1 :i* may also foll[ a ,"n or ,quality2 z1 a ,"t to s+2 a ,book delightful to read4 ,t ?is au?or suppos$ ! inf9itive to be gov]n$ by to1 & n by ! prec$+ v]b1 n\n1 or adjective1 is pla9 f ! foll[+ note1 :i* he gives 9 8 m>g93 ,! ,s*ol> w be/ und]/& ?is1 by be+ told t inf9ite or inv>iable ,v]bs1 hav+ nei!r ,numb]1 ,p]son1 nor ,nom9ative ,^w belong+ to !m1 are kn[n or gov]n$ by ! ,preposition ,,to com+ be=e !m4 ,! ,sign to is (t5 und]/ood2 z1 ,bid ,rob]t & 8 company 7to7 t>ry4--,fi%]'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! =ms ( p>s+1 & also ! rules1 :i* are giv5 9 ! e>ly ,engli% gramm>s1 are s v defective1 t x is (t5 impossible to say positively1 :at _! au?ors did1 or did n1 int5d to tea*4 ,dr4 ,l[?'s specim5 ( grammatical resolution conta9s f\r inf9itives4 ,9 8 explanation ( ! fir/1 ! preposition & ! v]b are p>s$ sep>ately1 z above2 except t he says no?+ ab\t gov]nm5t4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( ! o!r ?ree1 ! two words are tak5 toge!r1 & call$ a v]b1 9 ! inf9itive mode4 ,b z he else:]e calls ! p>ticle to a preposition1 & n[h]e speaks ( any ?+ else z gov]n+ ! inf9itive1 x seems fair to inf]1 t he conceiv$ ! v]b to be ! regim5 ( ?is preposition4#djd ,if su* 0 8 idea1 we h ! le>n$ ,doctor's au?ority 9 opposition to t ( 8 pr(ess$ admir]s & copyi/s4 ,( ^!1 ,l9dley ,murray is d\btless ! mo/ fam\s4 ,b ,murray's twelf? rule ( syntax1 :ile x expressly calls to be=e ! inf9itive a preposition1 absurdly takes away f x ?is regim51 & leaves u a preposition t gov]ns no?+1 & has app>5tly no?+ to d ) ! relation ( ! t]ms betwe5 :i* x occurs4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,_m lat] gramm>ians1 p]ceiv+ ! absurdity ( call+ to be=e ! inf9itive a preposition )\t suppos+ x to gov]n ! v]b1 h /udi\sly avoid$ ?is "n2 & h ei!r made ! little ^w a sup]num]>y "p ( spee*1 or treat$ x z no "p ( spee* at all4 ,among ^!1 if ,i mi/ake n1 are ,all51 ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 ,alg]1 ,guy1 ,*ur*ill1 ,hiley1 ,nutt+1 ,mulligan1 ,sp5c]1 & ,wells4 ,except ,comly1 ! num]\s modifi]s ( ,murray's ,gramm> are none ( !m m consi/5t1 on ?is po9t1 ?an 0 ,murray himself4 ,su* ( !m z d n foll[ him lit]ally1 ei!r d5y1 or =be> to affirm1 t to be=e a v]b is a preposition2 & consequ5tly ei!r tell u n :at x is1 or tell u falsely2 "s call+ x a "p ( ! v]b1 :ile !y nei!r jo9 x to ! v]b z a prefix1 nor include x among ! auxili>ies4 ,?us ,kirkham3 ,to is n a preposition :5 jo9$ to a v]b 9 ?is mood2 ?us1 to ride1 to rule2 b x %\ld be p>s$ ) ! v]b1 & z a "p ( x4--,gram4 9 ,famili> ,lect41 p4 #acg4 ,s ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?3 ,?is little ^w to :5 us$ be=e v]bs 9 ?is mann]1 is n a preposition1 b =ms a "p ( ! v]b1 &1 9 p>s+1 %\ld be s consid]$4--,productive ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,h[ c t be a "p ( ! v]b1 :i* is a ^w us$ be=e x8 or h[ is to jo9$ to ! v]b1 or made a "p ( x1 9 ! phrase1 to ride8 ,b ,smi? does n abide by 8 own doctr9e2 =1 9 an o!r "p ( 8 book1 he adopts ! phraseology ( ,murray1 & makes to a preposition3 say+1 ,! preposition ,,to1 ?\gh g5]ally us$ be=e ! latt] v]b1 is sometimes prop]ly omitt$2 z1 ',i he>d him say x2' in/ead ( 'to say x4'--,productive ,gram41 p4 #aef4 ,see ,murray's ,rule #ab?4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,mo/ ,engli% gramm>ians h consid]$ ! ^w to z a "p ( ! inf9itive1 a "p ( ! v]b2 &1 l ! tea*]s ( ,lat91 h ref]r$ ! gov]nm5t ( ?is mood to a prec$+ v]b4 ,b ! rule :i* !y give1 is p>tial1 & (t5 inapplicable2 & _! exceptions to x1 or ! het]og5e\s p>ts into :i* "s ( !m divide x1 are bo? num]\s & puzzl+4 ,!y tea* t at lea/ half ( ! t5 diff]5t p>ts ( spee* frequ5tly gov]n ! inf9itive3 if s1 !re %\ld be a di/9ct rule = ea*2 = :y %\ld ! gov]nm5t ( "o "p ( spee* be made an exception to t ( an o!r8 &1 if ?is be done1 ) respect to ! inf9itive1 :y n also ) respect to ! objective case8 ,9 all in/ances to :i* _! rule is applicable1 ! rule :i* ,i h giv51 am\nts to ! same ?+2 & x obviates ! necessity = _! num]\s exceptions1 & ! emb>rassm5t aris+ f o!r con/ructions ( ! inf9itive n notic$ 9 !m4 ,:y !n is ! simple/ solution imag9able /ill s frequ5tly reject$ = s mu* complexity & inconsi/5cy8 ,or h[ c ! m common rule 9 "q be suitable = a *ild1 if its applicability dep5ds on a relation betwe5 ! two v]bs1 :i* ! preposition to sometimes expresses1 & sometimes does n8 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,all au?ors admit t 9 "s in/ances1 ! sign to is sup]flu\s & improp]1 ! con/ruction & gov]nm5t appe>+ complete )\t x2 & ! ,rev4 ,pet] ,bullions1 ,d4 ,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,languages 9 ! ,albany ,academy1 has rec5tly publi%$ a gramm>1 9 :i* he adopts ! common rule1 ,"o v]b gov]ns ano!r 9 ! inf9itive mood2 z1 ,i desire to le>n2 & !n rem>ks1 ,! inf9itive aft] a v]b is gov]n$ by x only :5 ! attribute express$ by ! inf9itive is ei!r ! subject or ! object ( ! o!r v]b4 ,9 su* expressions z ',i read to le>n1' ! inf9itive is n gov]n$ by ',i read1' b dep5ds on ! phrase '9 ord] to' und]/ood4--,bullions's ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,b1 ,i read '9 ord] to' to le>n1 is n ,engli%2 ?\gh x might be1 if ei!r to 7 any ?+ else ?an a preposition3 z1 ,n[ set to to le>n y\r lesson4 ,?is broad exception1 !re=e1 :i* embraces well-nigh half ! inf9itives 9 ! language1 ?\gh x conta9s "s obvi\s tru?1 is bo? c>elessly /at$1 & badly resolv$4 ,! s+le p>ticle to is q suffici5t1 bo? to gov]n ! inf9itive1 & to connect x to any antec$5t t]m :i* c make s5se ) su* an adjunct4 ,b1 9 fact1 ! rev]5d au?or mu/ h meant to use ! little ^w b once2 & also to d5y t x is a preposition2 = he else:]e says expressly1 ?\gh1 beyond "q1 errone\sly1 ,a preposition %\ld nev] be us$ be=e ! inf9itive4--,ib41 p4 #ib4 ,& he also says1 ,! ,inf9itive mood expresses a ?+ 9 a g5]al mann]1 )\t di/9ction ( numb]1 p]son1 or "t1 & commonly has ,,to be=e x4--,ib41 ,second ,edition1 p4 #ce4 ,n[ if ,,to is be=e ! mood1 x is c]ta9ly n a "p ( x4 ,& aga91 if ?is mood _h no di/9ction ( "t1 our au?or's two t5ses ( x1 & 8 own two special rules = _! application1 w\ld be z absurd z is 8 notion ( its gov]nm5t4 ,see 8 ,obs4 #f & #g1 ib41 p4 #abd4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,ri*>d ,hiley1 too1 a gramm>ian ( p]haps m m]it1 is equally faulty 9 8 explanation ( ! inf9itive mood4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he absurdly says1 ,,to be=e ! inf9itive mood1 is consid]$ z =m+ "p ( ! v]b2 b 9 e o!r situation x is a preposition4--,hiley's ,gram41 ,?ird ,edition1 p4 #bh4 ,to tea* t a "p ( ! v]b /&s be=e ! mood1 is an absurdity manife/ly great]1 ?an ! v opposite notion ( ,dr4 ,a%1 t :at is n a "p ( ! v]b1 may yet be includ$ 9 ! mood4 ,!re is no ne$ ( ei!r ( ^! false suppositions2 or ( ! sugge/ion1 d\bly false1 t to 9 e o!r situation1 is a preposition4 ,:at does preposition mean8 ,is to a preposition :5 x is plac$ aft] a v]b1 & n a preposition :5 x is plac$ be=e x8 ,= example3 ,i rise to %ut to ! door4--,see ,luke1 xiii1 #be4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,9 8 syntax1 ?is au?or fur!r says1 ,:5 two v]bs come toge!r1 ! latt] mu/ be 9 ! inf9itive mood1 :5 x d5otes ! object ( ! =m]2 z1 ',/udy to improve4' ,?is is 8 ,rule4 ,n[ look at 8 ,notes4 #a4 ,:5 ! latt] v]b does n express ! object1 b ! end1 or some?+ remote1 ! ^w =1 or ! words 9 ord] to1 are und]/ood2 z1 ',i read to le>n2' t is1 ',i read = to le>n1' or1 '9 ord] ,,to to le>n4' ,! ^w =1 h[ev]1 is nev]1 9 su* in/ances1 express$ 9 good language4 #b4 ,! inf9itive is frequ5tly gov]n$ by adjectives1 sub/antives1 & p>ticiples2 b 9 ?is in/ance also1 a preposition is und]/ood1 ?\gh nev] express$2 z1 ',eag] to le>n2' t is1 'eag] = to le>n2' or1 '= le>n+2' ',a desire to improve2' t is1 '= to improve4'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,"h we see ! orig9 ( "s ( ,bullions's blund]s4 ,to is s small a ^w1 x slips ?r\gh ! f+]s ( ^! g5tlem54 ,words utt]ly ne$less1 & worse ?an ne$less1 !y foi/ into our language1 9 in/ances beyond numb]1 to expla9 inf9itives t occur at almo/ e brea?4 ,_! /ud5ts mu/ see t1 ,i read to le>n1 &1 ,i /udy to improve1 ) c\ntless o!r examples ( ei!r sort1 are v diff]5t con/ructions1 & n to be p>s$ by ! same rule6 ,& "h ! only gov]nm5t ( ! inf9itive :i* ,hiley affirms1 is imm$iately contradict$ by ! supposition ( a ne$less = und]/ood4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,9 all su* examples z1 ,i read to le>n1--,i /rive to le>n--,"s eat to live1--,"s live to eat1--,%e s+s to *e] him1--,i come to aid y1--,i g to prep>e a place = y1--! action & its purpose are connect$ by ! ^w to2 & if1 9 ! c\ntless in/ances ( ?is k9d1 ! =m] v]bs d n gov]n ! latt]1 x is n because ! phraseology is elliptical1 or ev] 0 elliptical1#dje b because 9 no case is !re any su* gov]nm5t1 except 9 ! con/ruction ( ^? v]bs :i* take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition to4 ,pr(essor ,bullions w h ! inf9itive to be gov]n$ by a f9ite v]b1 :5 ! attribute express$ by ! inf9itive is ! subject ( ! o!r v]b4 ,an inf9itive may be made ! subject ( a f9ite v]b2 b ?is gramm>ian has mi/ak5 ! e/abli%$ mean+ ( subject1 z well z ( attribute1 & !re=e writt5 nons5se4 ,dr4 ,johnson def9es 8 adv]b ,,to1 ,a p>ticle com+ betwe5 two v]bs1 & not+ ! second z ! object ( ! fir/4 ,b ( all ! words :i*1 accord+ to my oppon5ts & _! oracles1 gov]n ! inf9itive1 probably n m ?an a qu>t] are su* v]bs z usually h an object aft] !m4 ,:]e !n is ! propriety ( _! notion ( inf9itive gov]nm5t8 ,& :at advantage has x1 ev5 :]e x is lea/ objectionable8 ,,obs4 #af4--,take = an example ( ?is contra/ ! t]ms1 ,/rive to ent] 9--_m w seek to ent] 94--,luke1 xiii1 #bd4 ,:y %\ld x be ?\ght m eligible to say1 t ! v]b /rive or w seek gov]ns ! inf9itive v]b to ent]2 ?an to say1 t to is a preposition1 %[+ ! relation betwe5 /rive & ent]1 or betwe5 w seek & ent]1 & gov]n+ ! latt] v]b8 7,see ! exact & only ne$ful =m = p>s+ any su* t]m1 9 ! ,twelf? ,praxis ( ?is "w47 ,none1 ,i presume1 w d5y1 t 9 ! ,greek or ! ,lat9 ( ^! phrases1 ! f9ite v]bs gov]n ! inf9itive2 or t1 9 ! ,fr5*1 ! inf9itive entr] is gov]n$ fir/ by "o preposition1 & !n by an o!r4 ,cont5dite intr>e--multi qur5t intr>e4--,montanus4 ,ef=cez-v\s d'entr]--plusieurs *]*]ont y entr]4--,fr5* ,bible4 ,9 my op9ion1 to be=e a v]b is z fairly a preposition z ! ,fr5* de or 2 & x is ! ma9 design ( ^! obs]vations1 :ile !y c&idly %[ ! read] :at o!rs tea*1 to prove x s4 ,! only con/ruction :i* makes x any ?+ else1 is t :i* puts x aft] a v]b or a p>ticiple1 9 ! s5se ( an adv]bial supplem5t2 z1 ,! inf]nal idol is b[$ d[n to4--,h]ald ( ,fre$om4 ,go+ to & fro4--,bible4 ,at l5g? he came to4--,tell him to heave to4--,he 0 ready to set to4 ,) s+ul> absurdness ( op9ion1 "s gramm>ians call to a preposition1 :5 x ?us foll[s a v]b & gov]ns no?+1 :o resolutely d5y x t "n1 :5 x prec$es ! v]b1 & requires x to be 9 ! inf9itive mood1 z 9 ! la/ two examples4 ,n[1 if ?is is n gov]nm5t1 :at is8 ,& if to1 )\t gov]nm5t1 is n an adv]b1 :at is8 ,see ,obs4 #b;d on ! ,li/ ( ,prepositions4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,! inf9itive ?us admits a simpl] solution 9 ,engli%1 ?an 9 mo/ o!r languages2 because we less frequ5tly use x )\t a preposition1 & seldom1 if ev]1 all[ any v>iety 9 ?is connect+ & gov]n+ p>ticle4 ,& yet 9 no o!r language has its con/ruction giv5 rise to a t5? "p ( t v>iety ( absurd op9ions1 :i* ! def5d] ( its true syntax mu/ refute 9 ours4 ,9 ,fr5*1 ! inf9itive1 ?\gh frequ5tly plac$ 9 imm$iate dep5d5ce on an o!r v]b1 may also be gov]n$ by sev]al diff]5t prepositions1 7z1 1 de1 p\r1 sans1 aprs17 accord+ to ! s5se4#djf ,9 ,spani% & ,italian1 ! con/ruction is simil>4 ,9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 ! inf9itive is1 = ! mo/ "p1 imm$iately dep5d5t on an o!r v]b4 ,b1 accord+ to ! gramm>s1 x may /& = a n\n1 9 all ! six cases2 & _m h call$ x an indecl9able n\n4 ,see ! ,port-,royal ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>s2 9 :i* sev]al peculi> con/ructions ( ! inf9itive are ref]r$ to ! gov]nm5t ( a preposition--con/ructions t occur frequ5tly 9 ,greek1 & sometimes ev5 9 ,lat94 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,x is f an improp] ext5sion ( ! pr9ciples ( ^! le>n$ languages to ours1 t mu* ( ! false tea*+ :i* has s greatly & s long emb>rass$ ?is "p ( ,engli% gramm>1 has be51 & cont9ues to be1 d]iv$4 ,a late au?or1 :o supposes e inf9itive to be virtually a n\n1 & :o ?9ks he f9ds 9 ours all ! cases ( an ,engli% n\n1 n except+ ! possessive1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( its orig9 & nature3 ,?is mood1 ) almo/ all its prop]ties & uses1 has be5 adopt$ into our language f ! anci5t ,greek & ,lat9 tongues4 99 99 99 ,! def9ite article ,greek3 t 1 !1 :i* !y ! ,greeks us$ be=e ! inf9itive1 to m>k1 9 an especial mann]1 its nature ( a sub/antive1 is evid5tly ! same ^w t we use be=e our inf9itive2 ?us1 'to write1' signifies ! writ+2 t is1 ! action ( writ+2--& :5 a v]b gov]ns an inf9itive1 x only gov]ns x z 9 ! objective case4--,nixon's ,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #hc4 ,b :o w believe1 t our old ,saxon ance/ors borr[$ f ,greek or ,lat9 :at is n[ our con/ruction ( ! v root ( ! ,engli% v]b1 :51 9 all likelihood1 !y c\ld n read a ^w 9 ei!r ( ^? languages1 or sc>cely knew ! lett]s 9 _! own1 & :ile x is pla9 t !y took n !nce ev5 ! inflection ( a s+le bran* ( any v]b :atev]8 ,,obs4 #ai4--,! p>ticle to1 be+ a v common preposition 9 ! ,saxon tongue1 has be5 g5]ally us$ be=e ! ,engli% inf9itive1 ev] s9ce ! ,engli% language1 or any ?+ l x1 exi/$4 ,& x has always gov]n$ ! v]b1 n inde$ z 9 ! objective case1 = no v]b is ev] decl9$ by cases1 b simply z ! inf9itive mood4 ,9 ! ,anglo-,saxon v]sion ( ! ,gospels1 :i* 0 made z e>ly z ! elev5? c5tury1 ! inf9itive mood is sometimes express$ 9 ?is mann]1 & sometimes by ! t]m9ation on )\t ! preposition4 ,dr4 ,johnson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language1 prefix$ to 8 l>ge ,diction>y1 conta9s1 ( ?is v]sion1 & ( ,wickliffe's1 ! :ole ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,luke2 except t ! latt] omits ! fir/ f\r v]ses1 s t ! numb]s = ref]5ce d n correspond4 ,putt+1 = conv5i5ce1 ,engli% *>act]s = ! ,saxon1 ,i %all cite "h ?ree examples f ea*2 & ^!1 if he w1 ! read] may comp>e ) ! #ai?1 ! #gg?1 & ! #gi? v]se1 9 our common ,bible4 ,,saxon3 ,& ic eom as5d ) ! sprecan4 & ! ?is bodian4--,luc1 i1 #ai4 ,,wickliffe3 ,& ,y am s5t to !e to speke & to evangelise to !e ^! ?+is4--,luk1 i1 #ae4 ,,saxon3 ,to syll5e 8 folce hle gewit on hyra synna =gyfnesse4--,luc1 i1 #gg4 ,,wickliffe3 ,to geve sci5ce ( heel? to 8 puple into remissi\n ( h] synnes4--,luk1 i1 #gc4 ,,saxon3 ,onlyhtan ?am ! on ?y/rum & on dea!s sceade sitta?4 ure fet to g]ecc5ne on sibbe weg4--,luc1 i1 #gi4 ,,wickliffe3 ,to geve light to !m t sitt5 9 d]knessis1 & 9 s*ad[e ( dee?1 to dresse oure feet into ! weye ( pees4--,luk1 i1 #ge4 ,9 ,anglo-,saxon1 says ,dr4 ,la?am1 ! dative ( ! inf9itive v]b end$ 9 -nne1 & 0 prec$$ by ! preposition to3 z1 ,to lufi5ne ad am&um to lov+1 or to love2 ,to brn5ne ad ur5dum to burn+1 or to burn2 ,to syllanne ad d&um to giv+1 or to give4--,h&-,book1 p4 #bje4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,su*1 !n1 has ev] be5 ! usual con/ruction ( ! ,engli% inf9itive mood2 & a wild] int]pretation ?an t :i* supposes to an article1 & says1 to write signifies ! writ+1 _c possibly be put ^u x4 ,on ?is supposition1 ,i am go+ to write a lett]1 is a pure ,grecism2 mean+1 ,i am go+ ! writ+ a lett]1 :i* is utt] nons5se4 ,& fur!r1 ! inf9itive 9 ,greek & ,lat91 z well z 9 ,saxon & ,engli%1 is always 9 fact gov]n$ z a mood1 r ?an z a case1 not)/&+ t ! ,greek article 9 any ( its f\r diff]5t cases may1 9 "s in/ances1 be put be=e x2 = ev5 ) an article be=e x1 ! ,greek inf9itive usually reta9s its regim5 z a v]b1 & is !re=e n a sub/antive1 or n\n4 ,i am well aw>e t "s le>n$ critics1 conceiv+ t ! ess5ce ( ! v]b consi/s 9 pr$ication1 h pla9ly d5i$ t ! inf9itive is a v]b2 &1 because x may be made ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 or may be gov]n$ by a v]b or a preposition1 h *os5 to call x a m]e n\n sub/antive4 ,among ^! is ! erudite ,ri*>d ,johnson1 :o1 ) s mu* ability & lo/ lab\r1 expos$1 9 8 ,comm5t>ies1 ! errors & defects ( ,lily's ,gramm> & o!rs4 ,?is au?or adduces sev]al reasons = 8 op9ion2 "o ( :i* is ! foll[+3 ,?irdly1 x is f\nd to h a ,preposition set be=e x1 an o!r sure sign ( a ,sub/antive2 z1 ',ille nihil prt] loqui1 et ipsum mal$ic et malign1 didicit4' ,liv4 l4 #de1 p4 #hhh4 ,t is1 ,he le>n$ no?+ b to speak1 & t sl&]\sly & malici\sly4 ',at si quis sibi b5eficium dat1 nihil int]e/ int] d>e et accip]e4' ,s5eca1 de ,b54 l4 #e1 c4 #aj4 ,t is1 ,if any "o be/[s a b5efit on himself1 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 give & take2 #djg--or1 betwe5 be/[+ & receiv+4--,see ,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cdb4 ,b ,i d5y t a preposition is a sure sign ( a sub/antive4 7,see ,obs4 #b;d on ! ,prepositions1 & also ,obs4 #a/ on ! ,li/ ( ,prepositions1 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,etymology47 ,& if we appeal to philological au?orities1 to det]m9e :e!r inf9itives are n\ns or v]bs1 !re w c]ta9ly be f\nd m = ! latt] "n1 ?an ! =m]2 t is1 m 9 numb]1 if n 9 weight2 ?\gh x mu/ be confess$1 t _m ( ! old ,lat9 gramm>ians did1 z ,priscian tells u1 consid] ! inf9itive a n\n1 call+ x ,nom5 ,v]bi1 ! ,"n ( ! ,v]b4#djh ,if we appeal to reasons1 !re are m also ( ^!2--or at lea/ z _m1 & mo/ ( !m bett]3 z1 #a4 ,t ! inf9itive is (t5 transitive2 #b4 ,t x has t5ses2 #c4 ,t x is qualifi$ by adv]bs1 r ?an by adjectives2 #d4 ,t x is nev] decl9$ l a n\n2 #e4 ,t ! action or /ate express$ by x1 is n commonly ab/ract1 ?\gh x may be s sometimes2 #f4 ,t 9 "s languages x is ! root f :i* all o!r p>ts ( ! v]b are d]iv$1 z x is 9 ,engli%4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,s f> z ,i "k1 x has n yet be5 d5i$1 t to be=e a p>ticiple is a preposition1 or t a preposition be=e a p>ticiple gov]ns x2 ?\gh !re are n a few :o errone\sly suppose t p>ticiples1 by virtue ( su* gov]nm5t1 are necess>ily conv]t$ into n\ns4 ,aga9/ ?is latt] idea1 !re are _m suffici5t reasons2 b let !m n[ pass1 because !y belong n "h4 ,i am only go+ to prove1 9 ?is place1 t to be=e ! inf9itive is j su* a ^w z x is be=e ! p>ticiple2 & ?is c be done1 call ei!r ( !m :at y w4 ,x is pla91 t if ! inf9itive & ! p>ticiple are ev] equival5t to ea* o!r1 ! same ^w to be=e !m bo? mu/ ne$s be equival5t to itself4 ,n[ ,i imag9e !re are "s examples ( ea* equival5ce2 z1 ,:5 we are habituat$ to do+ or to d any ?+ wrong1 we become bl9d$ by x4--,"y ,*ri/ian1 p4 #cbf4 ,! lyre1 or h>p1 0 be/ adapt$ to accompany+ or to accompany _! declamations4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #ccf4 ,! new beg9n] %\ld be accu/om$ to giv+ or to give all ! reasons = ea* "p ( spee*4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,:i*1 f infect+ our religion & morals1 fell to corrupt say1 to corrupt+ our language4--,,swift3 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajh4 ,besides ^! in/ances ( sam5ess 9 ! p>ticle1 !re are "s cases ( con/ructional ambiguity1 ! n\n & ! v]b hav+ ! same =m1 & ! to n det]m9+ :i* is meant3 z1 ,he 0 incl9$ to sleep4--,x mu/ be a bitt] exp]i5ce1 to be m accu/om$ to hate ?an to love4 ,"h are d\ble d\bts = ! discrim9ators3 _! sign ( ! inf9itive fails1 or becomes unc]ta92 because !y d n "k x f a preposition4 ,_c my oppon5ts see 9 ^! examples an argum5t aga9/ ! di/9ction :i* !y attempt to draw betwe5 to & to8 ,an o!r argum5t z good1 is also af=d$ by ! fact1 t our ance/ors (t5 us$ ! p>ticiple aft] to1 9 ! v same texts 9 :i* we h s9ce adopt$ ! inf9itive 9 its /ead2 z1 ,& if yee wol5 resceyue1 he is ,elie t is to comynge4--,matt41 xi1 #ad4 ,ihesu t delyu]ide u fro wra?! to comynge4--#a ,!s41 i1 #aj4 ,^!1 & sev5te5 o!r examples ( ! same k9d1 may be se5 9 ,tooke's ,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii4 pp4 #deg & #deh4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,dr4 ,james ,p4 ,wilson1 speak+ ( ! ,engli% inf9itive1 says3--,b if ! appellation ( mode be d5i$ x1 x is !n a v]bal n\n4 ,?is is inde$ its true/ "*1 because its idea ev] repres5ts an object ( approa*4 ,to supplies ! defect ( a t]m9ation *>act]i/ic ( ! inf9itive1 prec$es x1 & m>ks x ei!r z t1 t[>ds :i* ! prec$+ v]b is direct$2#dji or x signifies act1 & %[s ! ^w to import an action4 ,:5 ! inf9itive is ! expression ( an imm$iate action1 :i* x mu/ be1 aft] ! v]bs1 bid1 c1 d>e1 d1 feel1 he>1 let1 make1 may1 mu/1 ne$1 see1 %all1 & w1 ! preposition ,,to is omitt$4--,essay on ,gramm>1 p4 #abi4 ,t ! true/ "* ( ! inf9itive is t ( a v]bal n\n1 is n to be conc$$1 9 weak ab&onm5t ( all ! reasons = a contr>y op9ion1 until x c be %[n t ! action or be+ express$ by x1 mu/ ne$s assume a sub/antive "*1 9 ord] to be t t[>ds :i* ! prec$+ v]b is direct$4 ,b ?is "* is manife/ly n supposable ( any ( ^? inf9itives :i*1 accord+ to ! =ego+ quotation1 mu/ foll[ o!r v]bs )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! preposition to3 z1 ,bid him come2--,he c walk4 ,& ,i see no reason to suppose x1 :]e ! relation ( ! inf9itive to an o!r ^w is n imm$iate b m>k$ by ! preposition1 z above describ$4 ,= example3 ,& he lab\r$ till ! go+-d[n ( ! sun ,,to deliv] him4--,dan41 vi1 #ad4 ,"h deliv] is gov]n$ by to1 & connect$ by x to ! f9ite v]b lab\r$2 b to tell u1 x is to be und]/ood sub/antively r ?an actively1 is an assumption z false1 z x is ne$less4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,to d5y to ! inf9itive ! appellation ( mood1 no m makes x a v]bal n\n1 ?an does ! ,doctor's solecism ab\t :at ,,its ,,idea ev] repres5ts4 ,! inf9itive !re=e1 z ,horne ,tooke obs]ves1 appe>s pla9ly to be :at ! ,/oics call$ x1 ! v v]b itself1 pure & uncomp\nd$4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bhf4 ,n inde$ z includ+ ! p>ticle to1 or z x /&s 9 ! ,engli% p]fect t5se1 b z x occurs 9 ! simple root4 ,b ,i cit$ ,dr4 ,wilson1 z above1 n s mu* ) a design ( animadv]t+ aga9 on ?is po9t1 z ) ref]5ce to ! import ( ! p>ticle to2 ( :i* he furni%es a tw(old explanation1 leav+ ! read] to take :i* "p he w ( ! contradiction4 ,he at fir/ conceives x to convey 9 g5]al ! idea ( t[>ds1 & to m>k ! inf9itive z a t]m t[>ds :i* some?+ else is direct$4 ,if ?is int]pretation is ! true "o1 x is pla9 t to be=e a v]b is no o!r ?an ! common preposition to2 & ?is idea is confirm$ by its anci5t usage1 & by all t is c]ta9ly kn[n ( its d]ivation4 ,b if we take ! second solution1 & say1 x signifies act1 we make x n a preposition1 b ei!r a n\n or a v]b2 & !n ! "q arises1 ,:i* ( ^! is x8 ,besides1 :at s5se c !re be1 9 suppos+ to g to mean act g1 or to be equival5t to d g4#daj ,,obs4 #bd4--,?\gh ! inf9itive is commonly made an adjunct to "s f9ite v]b1 yet x may be connect$ to almo/ all ! o!r p>ts ( spee*1 or ev5 to an o!r inf9itive4 ,! preposition to be+ its only & almo/ univ]sal index1 we seldom f9d any o!r preposition put be=e ?is2 unless ! ^w ab\t1 9 su* a situation1 is a preposition1 z ,i incl9e to ?9k x is4#daa ,anci5tly1 ! inf9itive 0 sometimes prec$$ by = z well z to2 z1 ,i w5t up to ,j]usalem = to wor%ip4--,acts1 xxiv1 #aa4 ,:at w5t ye out = to see8--,luke1 vii1 #bf4 ,& /ood up = to read4--,luke1 iv1 #af4 ,"h mod]n usage rejects ! =m] preposition3 ! idiom is left to ! un$ucat$4 ,b x seems practicable to subjo9 ! inf9itive to e "o ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee*1 except ! article3 z1 #a4 ,to a n\n2 z1 ,if !re is any precept to obta9 felicity4--,hawkeswor?4 ,x is high "t to awake out ( sleep4--,rom41 xiii1 #aa4 ,to flee f ! wra? to come4--,matt41 iii1 #g4 #b4 ,to an adjective2 z1 ,he seem$ desir\s to speak1 yet unwill+ to (f5d4--,hawkeswor?4 ,he :o is ! sl[e/ to promise1 is ! quicke/ to p]=m4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ce4 #c4 ,to a pron\n2 z1 ,i discov]$ him to be a s*ol>4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,is x lawful = u to give tribute to ,cs>8--,luke1 xx1 #bb4 ,let me desire y to reflect imp>tially4--,,blair3 ,murray's ,eng4 ,read]1 p4 #gg4 ,:om ha/ ?\ !n or :at t' accuse8--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 iv1 #fg4 #d4 ,to a f9ite v]b2 z1 ,!n ,pet] began to rebuke him4--,matt41 xvi1 #bb4 ,! ,son ( man is come to seek & to save t :i* 0 lo/4--,luke1 xix1 #aj4 #e4 ,to an o!r inf9itive2 z1 ,to g to ent] into ,egypt4--,j]41 xli1 #ag4 ,we are n (t5 will+ to wait to consid]4--,j4 ,abbott4 ,= :at _h he to d to *ide at me8--,%ak4 #f4 ,to a p>ticiple2 z1 ,/ill ?reat5+ to dev\r me4--,milton4 ,or z a ?ief b5t to unho>d ! ca% ( "s ri* burgh]4--,id4 #g4 ,to an adv]b2 z1 ,%e is old en\gh to g to s*ool4--,i "k n h[ to act4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,tell me :5 to come1 & :]e to meet y4--,he ha? n :]e to lay 8 head4 #h4 ,to a conjunction2 z1 ,he kn[s bett] ?an to tru/ y4--,x 0 s hot z to melt ^! ornam5ts4--,_m :o praise virtue1 d no m ?an praise x4--,dr4 ,johnson4 #i4 ,to a preposition2 z1 ,i 0 ab\t to write4--,rev41 x1 #d4 ,n = to hide x 9 a h$ge4--,burns's ,poems1 p4 #db4 ,amatum iri1 ,to be ab\t to be lov$4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #ie4dab #aj4 ,to an int]jection2 z1 ,o to =get h]6--,"y's ,night ,?\ghts4 ,,obs4 #be4--,! inf9itive is ! m]e v]b1 )\t affirmation1 )\t p]son or numb]1 & !re=e )\t ! agreem5t peculi> to a f9ite v]b4 7,see ,obs4 #h? on ,rule #b;d47 ,b1 9 mo/ in/ances1 x is n )\t limitation ( ! be+1 action1 or passion1 to "s p>ticul> p]son or p]sons1 ?+ or ?+s1 t are said1 suppos$1 or d5i$1 to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,:5ev] x is n ?us limit$1 x is tak5 ab/ractly1 & has "s resemblance to a n\n3 because x !n sugge/s ! be+1 action1 or passion alone3 ?\gh1 ev5 !n1 ! active inf9itive may /ill gov]n ! objective case2 & x may also be easy to imag9e to :om or to :at ! be+1 action1 or passion1 naturally p]ta9s4 ,! uses ( ! inf9itive are s _m & v>i\s1 t x is no easy matt] to classify !m accurately4 ,! foll[+ are unque/ionably ! *ief ( ! ?+s = :i* x may /&3 #a4 ,= ! supplem5t to an o!r v]b1 to complete ! s5se2 z1 ,loose him1 & let him g4--,john1 xi1 #dd4 ,!y t g to seek mix$ w9e4--,prov41 xxiii1 #cj4 ,8 h&s refuse to lab\r4--,ib41 xxi1 #be4 ,if y *oose to h ^? t]ms4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #cgd4 ,h[ our old translators fir/ /ruggl$ to express ?is4--,ib41 ii1 #def4 ,to any "o :o w please to exam9e our language4--,ib41 ii1 #ddd4 ,!y are =c$ to give up at la/4--,ib41 ii1 #cge4 ,:i* ought to be done4--,ib41 ii1 #dea4 ,:i* came to pass4--,acts1 xi1 #bh4 ,i d>e engage to make x out4--,swift4 #b4 ,= ! purpose1 or end1 ( t to :i* x is add$2 z1 ,ea* has employ$ 8 "t & pa9s to e/abli% a crit]ion4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #cgd4 ,i %all n /op n[1 to assi/ 9 _! elucidation4--,ib41 ii1 #ge4 ,our purposes are n end[$ ) words to make !m kn[n4--,ib41 ii1 #gd4 ,a ,,tool is "s in/rum5t tak5 up to "w )4--,ib41 ii1 #ade4 ,lab\r n to be ri*4--,prov41 xxiii1 #d4 ,i flee unto !e to hide me4--,ps41 cxliii1 #i4 ,evil %all hunt ! viol5t man to ov]?r[ him4--,ib41 cxl1 #aa4 #c4 ,= ! object ( an affection or passion2 z1 ,he loves to ride4--,i desire to he> h] speak aga94--,%ale4 ,if we wi% to avoid important error4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #c4 ,:o rejoice to d evil4--,prov41 ii1 #ad4 ,all agree+ 9 e>ne/ness to see him4--,%ak4 ,our curiosity is rais$ to "k :at lies beyond4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cce4 #d4 ,= ! cause ( an affection or passion2 z1 ,i rejoice to he> x4--,by :i* ,i hope to h laid a f\ndation1 c4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cd4 ,= he made me mad1 to see him %9e s brisk1 & smell s sweet4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #aah4 ,?\ did/ eat /range fle%1 :i* "s did die to look on4--,ib41 p4 #ahb4 ,!y griev$ to see _! be/ allies at v>iance4--,rev4 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #afe4 #e4 ,= ! subject ( a proposition1 or ! *ief t]m 9 su* subject2 z1 ,to /eal is s9ful4--,to d ju/ice & judgem5t1 is m acceptable to ! ,"l ?an sacrifice4--,prov41 xxi1 #c4 ,to d ,,"r1 is1 to d t :i* is ord]$ to be done4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #g4 ,to g to law to plague a neighb\r1 has 9 x m ( malice1 ?an ( love to ju/ice4--,seattle's ,mor4 ,sci41 i1 #agg4 #f4 ,= ! pr$icate ( a proposition1 or ! *ief t]m 9 su* pr$icate2 z1 ,to enjoy is to obey4--,pope4 ,! prop]ty ( ra9 is to wet1 & fire1 to burn4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #ae4 ,to die is to be bani%$ f myself4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,! be/ way is1 to sl&] ,val5t9e4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,! highway ( ! upright is to dep>t f evil4--,prov41 xvi1 #ag4 #g4 ,= a com+ ev5t1 or :at w be2 z1 ,a mutilat$ /ructure soon to fall4--,c[p]4 ,he be+ dead1 & ,i spe$ily to foll[ him4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #aaa4 ,%e %all rejoice 9 "t to come4--,prov41 xxxi1 #be4 ,?+s pres5t1 or ?+s to come4--#a ,cor41 iii1 #bb4 #h4 ,= a necess>y ev5t1 or :at ought to be2 z1 ,x is to be rememb]$4--,x is nev] to be =gott54--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #b4 ,an ov]sight mu* to be deplor$4--,ib41 ii1 #dfj4 ,! sign is n to be us$ by itself1 or to /& alone2 b is to be jo9$ to "s o!r t]m4--,ib41 ii1 #cgb4 ,! ,"l's "n is to be prais$4--,ps41 cxiii1 #c4 #i4 ,= :at is previ\sly sugge/$ by ano!r ^w2 z1 ,i h fai? to believe4--,! gloss>i/ did well "h n to yield to 8 incl9ation4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #cbi4 ,x is a good ?+ to give ?anks unto ! ,"l4--,ps41 xcii1 #a4 ,x is z sport to a fool to d mis*ief4--,prov41 x1 #bc4 ,!y h ! gift to "k x4--,%ak4 ,we h no rema9+ occupation b to take c>e ( ! public4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #eb4 #aj4 ,= a t]m ( comp>ison or measure2 z1 ,he 0 s mu* affect$ z to weep4--,:o c\ld d no less ?an furni% him4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #djh4 ,i %all v5ture no f>!r ?an to expla9 ! nature & conv5i5ce ( ^! abbreviations4--,ib41 ii1 #dci4 ,i h already said en\gh to %[ :at sort ( op]ation t is4--,ib41 ii1 #ceh4 ,,obs4 #bf4--;,aft] dismiss+ all ! examples :i* may fairly be ref]r$ to "o or o!r ( ! t5 heads above enum]at$1 an obs]vant read] may yet f9d o!r uses ( ! inf9itive1 & ^? s dissimil> t !y c h>dly be r$uc$ to any "o head or rule2 except t all are gov]n$ by ! preposition to1 :i* po9ts t[>ds or to ! v]b2 z1 ,a great alt> to see to4--,jo%ua1 xxii1 #aj4 ,greek3 ,bomon megan t\ ide94--,septuag9t4 ,t is1 ,an alt> great to behold4 ,alt>e inf9it magnitud9is4--,vulgate4 ,un =t gr& autel4--,fr5* ,bible4 ,easy to be entreat$4--,jos41 iii1 #ag4 ,!re 0 none to help4--,ps41 cvii1 #ab4 ,he _h ra9$ d[n manna ^u !m to eat4--,ps41 lxxviii1 #bd4 ,rememb] 8 comm&m5ts to d !m4--,ps41 viii1 #ah4 ,pres]ve ?\ ^? t are appo9t$ to die4--,ps41 lxxix1 #aa4 ,z coals to burn+ coals1 & z wood to fire2 s is a cont5ti\s man to k9dle /rife4--,prov41 xxvi1 #ba4 ,^! are f> beyond ! rea* & p[] ( any k+s to d away4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #abf4 ,i "k n inde$ :at to d ) ^? words4--,ib41 ii1 #dda4 ,!y w be z little able to ju/ify _! innovation4--,ib41 ii1 #ddh4 ,i leave y to comp>e !m4--,ib41 ii1 #deh4 ,!re is no occasion to attribute x4--,ib41 ii1 #cge4 ,!re is no day = me to look ^u4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #hb4 ,hav+ no ext]nal ?+ to lose4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,i'll nev] be a gosl+ to obey in/9ct4--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,:]eto s]ves m]cy1 b to confront ! visage ( (f5ce8--,ib41 p4 #bcc4 ,if ?+s d n g to suit him4--,lib]ator1 ix1 #ahb4 ,&1 to be pla91 ,i ?9k !re is n half a kiss to *oose1 :o loves an o!r be/4--,%ak41 p4 #ia4 ,b to return to ,r4 ,johnson's in/ance ( good man4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #cgj4 ,our common ,bibles h ?is text3 ,& a c]ta9 woman ca/ a piece ( a mill/one ^u ,abimele*'s head1 & all to break 8 skull4--,judges1 ix1 #ec4 ,p]haps ! int]pretation ( ?is may be1 & s z completely to break 8 skull4 ,! octavo edition /]eotyp$ by ! ,bible ,association ( ,fri5ds 9 ,am]ica1 has x1 & all-to brake 8 skull4 ,?is1 mo/ probably1 0 suppos$ by ! editors to mean1 & completely broke 8 skull2 b all-to is no prop] comp\nd ^w1 & !re=e ! *ange is a p]v]sion4 ,! ,septuag9t1 ! ,vulgate1 & ! common ,fr5* v]sion1 all accord ) ! simple indicative con/ruction1 & broke 8 skull4 ,,obs4 #bg4--;,accord+ to ,l9dley ,murray1 ,! inf9itive mood is (t5 made absolute1 or us$ indep5d5tly on say ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce1 supply+ ! place ( ! conjunction t ) ! pot5tial mood3 z1 ',to confess ! tru?1 ,i 0 9 fault2' ',to beg9 ) ! fir/2' ',to proce$2' ',to conclude2' t is1 ',t ,i may confess1' c4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ahd2 ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bdd4 ,"s o!r compil]s h adopt$ ! same doctr9e4 ,b on :at gr\nd ! sub/itution ( "o mood = ! o!r is imag9$1 ,i see n4 ,! read] w obs]ve t ?is pot5tial mood is "h j z mu* made absolute1 z is ! inf9itive2 = !re is no?+ express$ to :i* ! conjunction t connects ! "o phrase1 or ! preposition to ! o!r4 ,b possibly1 9 ei!r case1 !re may be an ellipsis ( "s antec$5t t]m2 & surely1 if we imag9e ! con/ruction to be complete )\t any su* t]m1 we make ! conjunction ! m anomal\s ^w ( ! two4 ,confession ( ! tru?1 is "h ! aim ( speak+1 b n ( :at is spok54 ,! :ole s5t5ce may be1 ,9 ord] to confess ! tru?1 ,i admit t ,i 0 9 fault4 ,or1 ,9 ord] t ,i may confess ! tru?1 ,i admit t ,i 0 9 fault4 ,i d n d5y1 t ! inf9itive1 or a phrase ( :i* ! inf9itive is a "p1 is sometimes put absolute2 =1 if x is n s 9 any ( ! =ego+ examples1 x appe>s to be s 9 ! foll[+3 ,= e object has sev]al faces1 s to speak1 by :i* x may be pres5t$ to u4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #da4 ,to decl>e a ?+ %all be1 long be=e x is 9 be+1 & !n to br+ ab\t ! accompli%m5t ( t v ?+1 accord+ to ! same decl>ation2 ?is1 or no?+1 is ! "w ( ,god4--,ju/9 ,m>tyr4 ,to be1 or n to be2--t is ! "q4--,%akspe>e4 ,to die2--to sleep2--,to sleep6 p]*ance1 to dream6--,id41 ,hamlet4 ,,obs4 #bh4--,! inf9itive usually foll[s ! ^w on :i* x dep5ds1 or to :i* ! p>ticle to connects x2 b ?is ord] is sometimes rev]s$3 z1 ,to beg ,i am a%am$4--,luke1 xvi1 #c4 ,to keep !m no long] 9 susp5se1 ,i say pla9ly1 ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ly is dead4--,addison4 ,to suff]1 z to d1 ,our /r5g? is equal4--,milton4 ,to cat* y\r vivid sc5es1 too gross h] h&4--,?omson4 ,,obs4 #bi4--,?\gh1 9 respect to its syntax1 ! inf9itive is (t5] connect$ ) a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 or an adjective1 ?an ) a n\n or a pron\n1 x %\ld nev] be s plac$ t ! read] w be liable to mi/ake ! p]son to :om1 or ! ?+ to :i*1 ! be+1 action1 or passion1 p]ta9s4 ,examples ( error3 ,?is sy/em w require a long "t to be execut$ z x %\ld be4--,j\rnal ( ,n4 ,y4 ,lit4 ,conv5tion1 #ahcj1 p4 #ia4 ,x is n ! "t1 t is to be execut$2 !re=e say1 ,?is sy/em1 to be execut$ z x %\ld be1 w require a long "t4 ,he spoke 9 a mann] di/9ct en\gh to be he>d by ! :ole assembly4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aib4 ,?is implies t ! orator's mann] 0 he>d6 ,b ! gramm>ian int]prets 8 own mean+1 by ! foll[+ alt]native3 ,or--,he spoke di/9ctly en\gh to be he>d by ! :ole assembly4--,ibid4 ,?is sugge/s t ! man himself 0 he>d4 ,:5 !y hit ^u a figure t pleases !m1 !y are lo? to "p ) x1 & frequ5tly cont9ue x s long1 z to become t$i\s & intricate4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cda4 ,is x ! au?ors1 or _! figure1 t becomes t$i\s & intricate8 ,if ! latt]1 /rike out1 s long1 z to become1 & say1 till x becomes4 ,facts are always ( ! greate/ consequ5ce to be rememb]$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! plead+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgb4 ,! rhetorician "h meant3 ,! facts /at$ 9 an argum5t1 are always ^? p>ts ( x1 :i* x is mo/ important t ! he>]s %\ld be made to rememb]4 ,,obs4 #cj4--;,accord+ to "s gramm>ians1 ,! ,inf9itive ( ! v]b to be1 is (t5 und]/ood2 z1 ',i consid]$ x to be necess>y to s5d ! dispat*es4'--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,9 ?is example1 z 9 ?\s&s m1 ( v>i\s =ms1 ! v]b to be may be ins]t$ )\t affect+ ! s5se2 b ,i d\bt ! necessity ( suppos+ an ellipsis 9 su* s5t5ces4 ,! adjective or p>ticiple t foll[s1 always relates to ! prec$+ objective2 & if a n\n is us$1 x is b an o!r objective 9 apposition ) ! =m]3 z1 ,i consid]$ x an imposition4 ,! v]b to be1 ) ! p]fect p>ticiple1 =ms ! passive inf9itive2 & ! supposition ( su* an ellipsis1 ext5sively affects "o's mode ( p>s+4 ,?us1 ,he consid]$ himself insult$1 ,i w suppose ! "w accompli%$1 & _m simil> s5t5ces1 might be suppos$ to conta9 passive inf9itives4 ,all5 says1 ,9 ! foll[+ con/ruction1 ! words 9 italics are 7elliptically7 passive inf9itives2 ,i saw ! bird caught1 & ! h>e kill$2 we he>d ! lett]s read4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #afh4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley obs]ves1 ,!re is a rem>kable ambiguity 9 ! use ( ! p>ticiple pret]ite1 z ! same ^w may express a ?+ ei!r do+1 or done2 z1 ,i w5t to see ! *ild dress$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #abe4 ,if ! ,doctor's p>ticiple is ambigu\s1 ,i imag9e t ,all5's inf9itives are j z mu* s4 ,! p>ticiple :i* we d5om9ate pa/1 (t5 means an action :il/ p]=m+3 ?us1 ,i saw ! battle f\ght1 & ! /&>d l[]$4--,wilson's ,essay1 p4 #aeh4 ,sometimes1 especially 9 famili> conv]sation1 an inf9itive v]b is suppress$1 & ! sign ( x reta9$2 z1 ,!y might h aid$ u2 !y ought to h aid$ u4--,h]ald ( ,fre$om4 ,we h tri$ to l x1 b x's h>d to4--,lynn ,news4 ,,obs4 #ca4--;,aft] ! v]b make1 "s writ]s ins]t ! v]b be1 & suppress ! preposition to2 z1 ,he mu/ make e syllable1 & ev5 e lett]1 9 ! ^w :i* he pron\nces1 be he>d di/9ctly4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbi2 ,murray's ,e4 ,read]1 p4 #i4 ,y mu/ make y\rself be he>d ) pleasure & att5tion4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #hd4 ,to make himself be he>d by all4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbh4 ,to make ourselves be he>d by "o4--,ibid4 ,cle> en\gh to make me be und]/ood4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #aih4 ,9 my op9ion1 x w\ld be bett]1 ei!r to ins]t ! to1 or to use ! p>ticiple only2 z1 ,! in=mation :i* he possess$1 made 8 company to be c\rt$4--,dr4 ,m',rie4 ,:i* w bo? %[ ! importance ( ?is rule1 & make ! application ( x to be und]/ood4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajc4 ,or1 z 9 ^! brief =ms3 ,to make himself he>d by all4--,cle> en\gh to make me und]/ood4 ,,obs4 #cb4--;,9 ^? languages 9 :i* ! inf9itive is di/+ui%$ z su* by its t]m9ation1 ?is "p ( ! v]b may be us$ alone z ! subject ( a f9ite v]b2 b 9 ,engli% x is always necess>y to reta9 ! sign to be=e an ab/ract inf9itive1 because !re is no?+ else to di/+ui% ! v]b f a n\n4 ,"h we may see a diff]5ce betwe5 our language & ! ,fr5*1 al?\gh x has be5 %[n1 t 9 _! gov]nm5t ( ! inf9itive !y are 9 "s degree analog\s3--,,ha,r e/ un t\rm5t2 ,,aim] e/ un beso9 de l'me4--,m4 de ,sgur4 ,to hate is a torm5t2 to love is a requisite ( ! s\l4 ,if f ?is any w argue t to is n "h a preposition1 ! same argum5t w be z good1 to prove t = is n a preposition :5 x gov]ns ! objective case2 because t also may be us$ )\t any antec$5t t]m ( relation3 z1 ,!y are by no means po9ts ( equal importance1 = me to be depriv$ ( y\r affections1 & = him to be defeat$ 9 8 prosecution4--,anon41 9 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,i said1 ! sign to mu/ always be put be=e an ab/ract inf9itive3 b possibly a repetition ( ?is sign may n always be necess>y1 :5 sev]al su* inf9itives occur 9 ! same con/ruction3 z1 ,b1 to fill a he>t ) joy1 re/ore cont5t to ! afflict$1 or relieve ! necessit\s1 ^! fall n )9 ! rea* ( _! five s5ses4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ff4 ,x may be too mu* to affirm1 t ?is is positively ungrammatical2 yet x w\ld be z well or bett]1 to express x ?us3 ,b to relieve ! necessit\s1 to re/ore cont5t to ! afflict$1 & to fill a he>t ) joy1 ^! full n )9 ! rea* ( _! five s5ses4 ,,obs4 #cc4--;,9 ! use ( ! ,engli% inf9itive1 z well z ( ! p>ticiple 9 +1 ! di/9ction ( voice is (t5 disreg>d$2 ! active =m be+ us$ 9 :at1 ) respect to ! n\n be=e x1 is a passive s5se3 z1 ,!re's no "t to wa/e4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,y are to blame4--,ib4 ,! humm+-bird is delightful to look ^u4--,ib4 ,:at pa9 x 0 to dr[n4--,%ak4 ,! ?+'s to d4--,id4 ,:5 de$ ( dang] 0 to d4--,scott4 ,! evil ,i br+ ^u myself1 is ! h>de/ to be>4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #bg4 ,pride is worse to be> ?an cruelty4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,^! are 9 fact active v]bs1 & n passive4 ,we may sugge/ ag5ts = !m1 if we please2 z1 ,!re is no "t = u to wa/e4 ,t ! simple p>ticiple 9 + may be us$ passively1 has be5 prov$ else:]e4 ,x seems sometimes to h no di/9ction ( voice2 z1 ,:at is wor? do+1 is wor? do+ well4--,com4 ,maxim4 ,?is is c]ta9ly mu* m agreeable1 ?an to say1 ,:at is wor? be+ done1 is wor? be+ done well4 ,9 respect to ! voice ( ! inf9itive1 & ( ?is p>ticiple1 _m ( our gramm>ians are obvi\sly hyp]critical4 ,= example3 ,! active voice %\ld n be us$ = ! passive2 z1 ,i h "w to d3 a h\se to sell1 to let1 in/ead ( to be done1 to be sold1 to be let4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bbj4 ,active v]bs are (t5 us$ improp]ly ) a passive signification1 z1 '! h\se is build+1 lodg+s to let1 he has a h\se to sell1 no?+ is want+2' 9 /ead ( '! h\se is be+ built1 lodg+s to be lett1 he has a h\se to be sold1 no?+ is want$4'--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,9 punctuation1 or?ography1 & ! use ( capitals1 "h are m errors ?an x is wor? :ile to p>ticul>ize4 ,) reg>d to su* phraseology z1 ,! h\se is be+ built1 see1 9 ,"p ,,ii1 sundry ,obs]vations on ! ,comp\nd ,=m ( ,conjugation4 ,to say1 ,i h "w to d1--,he has a h\se to sell1--or1 ,we h lodg+s to let1 is j z good ,engli%1 z to say1 ,i h meat to eat4--,john1 iv1 #cb4 ,& :o1 b "s scioli/ 9 gramm>1 w\ld1 9 all su* in/ances1 pref] ! passive voice8 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xviii4 ,,inf9itives ,,dem&+ ,,! ,,p>ticle ,,to4 ,william1 please h& me t p5cil4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! inf9itive v]b h& is n prec$$ by ! preposition to4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ah?1 ,! preposition to gov]ns ! inf9itive mood1 & commonly connects x to a f9ite v]b4 ,!re=e1 to %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,william1 please to h& me t p5cil4 ,please ins]t po9ts s z to make s5se4--,davis's ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,i h kn[n ,lords abbreviate almo/ ! half ( _! words4--,cobbett's ,engli% ,gram41 #aec4 ,we %all f9d ! practice p]fectly accord ) ! !ory4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #bc4 ,b x w\ld t5d to obscure1 r ?an elucidate ! subject4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,please divide x = !m z x %\ld be4--,willett's ,ari?41 p4 #aic4 ,s z nei!r to emb>rass1 nor weak5 ! s5t5ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aaf2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cbb4 ,c>ry h] to 8 table1 to view 8 poor f>e1#dac & he> 8 heav5ly disc\rse4--,,%]lock3 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aeg2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cdg4 ,t we ne$ n be surpris$ to f9d ?is hold 9 eloqu5ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agd4 ,:]e he has no occasion ei!r to divide or expla94--,ib41 p4 #cje4 ,& !y w f9d _! pupils improve by ha/y & pleasant /eps4--,russell's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 #d4 ,! tea*] h[ev] w please obs]ve1 c4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,please att5d to a few rules 9 :at is call$ syntax4--,ib41 p4 #abh4 ,!y may disp5se ) ! laws to favor _! fri5ds1 or secure _! (fice4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ci4 ,to take back a gift1 or break a contract1 is a wanton abuse4--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,! legislature has no?+ to d1 b let x be> its own price4--,ib41 p4 #cae4 ,he is n to =m1 b copy *>act]s4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #abb4 ,i h kn[n a woman make use ( a %oe+-horn4--,spect41 ,no4 #ecf4 ,f9d+ ?is exp]im5t answ]1 9 e respect1 _! wi%es4--,s&=d & ,m]ton1 p4 #ea4 ,9 f9e let him cause 8 argum5t conclude 9 ! t]m ( ! "q4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #ddc4 ,t he p]mitt$ n ! w9ds ( heav5 ,visit h] face too r\ghly4--,%akspe>e1 ,hamlet4 ,,rule ,,xix4--,,inf9itives4 ,! active v]bs1 bid1 d>e1 feel1 he>1 let1 make1 ne$1 see1 & _! p>ticiples1 usually take ! ,inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition to3 z1 ,if he bade !e dep>t1 h[ d>e/ ?\ /ay8--,i d>e n let my m9d be idle z ,i walk 9 ! /reets4--,cotton ,ma!r4 ,?y ,hector1 wrapt 9 ev]la/+ sleep1 ,%all nei!r he> !e sigh1 nor see !e weep4 --,pope's ,hom]4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xix4 ,,obs4 #a4--,respect+ ! syntax ( ! inf9itive mood :5 ! p>ticle to is n express$ be=e x1 our gramm>ians are almo/ z mu* at v>iance1 z ,i h %[n !m to be1 :5 !y f9d ! p>ticle employ$4 ,conc]n+ v]bs gov]n$ by v]bs1 ,l9dley ,murray1 & "s o!rs1 are ! mo/ cle> & positive1 :]e _! doctr9e is ! mo/ obvi\sly wrong2 &1 :]e !y might h affirm$ ) tru?1 t ! =m] v]b gov]ns ! latt]1 !y only tell u t ! preposition ,,to is sometimes prop]ly omitt$1--or t su* & su* v]bs h commonly o!r v]bs foll[+ !m )\t ! sign ,,to4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahc2 ,alg]'s1 #fc2 ,w4 ,all5's1 #afg1 & o!rs4 ,if ^! au?ors meant1 t ! preposition to is omitt$ by ellipsis1 !y ought to h said s4 ,!n ! _m admir]s & remodell]s ( ,murray's ,gramm> might at lea/ h und]/ood him alike4 ,!n1 too1 any prop] def9ition ( ellipsis mu/ h prov$ bo? !m & him to be cle>ly wrong ab\t ?is con/ruction also4 ,if ! ^w to is really und]/ood1 :5ev] x is omitt$ aft] bid1 d>e1 feel1 c41 z "s au?ors1 affirm1 !n is x "h ! gov]n+ ^w1 if any:]e2 & ?is n9ete5? rule1 h[ev] common1 is useless to ! p>s]4#dad ,!n1 too1 does no ,engli% v]b ev] gov]n ! inf9itive )\t gov]n+ also a preposition1 express$ or und]/ood4 ,:atev] is omitt$ by ellipsis1 & truly und]/ood1 really belongs to ! grammatical con/ruction2 & !re=e1 if ins]t$1 x _c be actually improp]1 ?\gh x may be unnecess>y4 ,b all our gramm>ians admit1 t to be=e ! inf9itive is sometimes sup]flu\s & improp]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,i imag9e1 !re _c be any prop] ellipsis ( to be=e ! inf9itive1 except 9 "s =ms ( comp>ison2 because1 :]ev] else x is necess>y1 ei!r to ! s5se or to ! con/ruction1 x ought to be ins]t$4 ,& :]ev] ! to is rightly us$1 x is prop]ly ! gov]n+ ^w2 b :]e x _c be ins]t$ )\t impropriety1 x is absurd to say1 t x is und]/ood4 ,! inf9itive t is put aft] su* a v]b or p>ticiple z excludes ! preposition to1 is gov]n$ by ?is v]b or p>ticiple1 if x is gov]n$ by any ?+3 z1 ,to make !m d1 undo1 eat1 dr9k1 /&1 move1 ,talk1 ?9k1 & feel1 exactly z he *ose4--,pollok1 p4 #fi4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,+]soll1 :o conv]t$ ,murray's ,gramm> into ,conv]sations1 says1 ,i w j rem>k to y t ! v]bs 9 ! inf9itive mood1 t foll[ make1 ne$1 see1 bid1 d>e1 feel1 he>1 let1 & _! p>ticiples1 are always ,,gov]n$ by !m4--,conv4 on ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,kirkham1 :o pret5d$ to turn ! same book into ,famili> ,lectures1 says1 ,to1 ! sign ( ! inf9itive mood1 is (t5 und]/ood be=e ! v]b2 z1 ',let me proce$2' t is1 ,let me to proce$4--,gram4 9 ,fam4 ,lect41 p4 #acg4 ,! lectur]1 h[ev]1 does n suppose ! inf9itive to be "h gov]n$ by ! preposition to1 or ! v]b let1 b r by ! pron\n me4 ,=1 9 an o!r place1 he av]s1 t ! inf9itive may be gov]n$ by a n\n or a pron\n2 z1 ,let him d x4--,ib41 p4 #ahg4 ,n[ if ! gov]nm5t ( ! inf9itive is to be ref]r$ to ! objective n\n or pron\n t int]v5es1 none ( ^? v]bs t take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition1 w usually be f\nd to gov]n x1 except d>e & ne$2 & if ne$1 9 su* a case1 is an auxili>y1 no gov]nm5t p]ta9s to t4 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 an o!r modifi] ( ,murray1 hav+ ! same false notion ( ellipsis1 says1 ,to1 ! usual sign ( ?is mood1 is sometimes und]/ood2 z1 ',let me g1' in/ead (1 ',let me to g4'--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,accord+ to ,murray1 :om ^! m5 pr(ess to foll[1 let1 9 all ^! examples1 is an auxili>y1 & ! v]b t foll[s x1 is n 9 ! inf9itive mood1 b 9 ! imp]ative4 ,s !y sev]ally contradict _! oracle1 & all are wrong1 bo? he & !y6 ,! disciples pret5d to correct _! ma/]1 by suppos+ ,let me to g1 & ,let me to proce$1 good ,engli%6 ,,obs4 #c4--;,x is (t5 impossible to say by :at ! inf9itive is gov]n$1 accord+ to ! in/ructions ( ,murray1 or accord+ to any au?or :o does n p>se x z ,i d4 ,nutt+ says1 ,! inf9itive mode sometimes foll[s ! comp>ative conjunctions1 z1 ?an1 & h[1 ,,)\t ,,gov]nm5t4--,practical ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,murray's unc]ta9ty#dae may h l$ to "s "p ( ?is notion1 b ! idea t h[ is a comp>ative conjunction1 is a blund] entirely new4 ,kirkham is s puzzl$ by ! language ( t em95t philologi/1 t he bolts outright f ! c\rse ( 8 guide1 & runs he kn[s n :i!r2 feign+ t o!r able writ]s h well cont5d$1 t ?is mood ,,is ,,n ,,gov]n$ by any p>ticul> ^w4 ,accord+ly he leaves 8 pupils at lib]ty to reject ! idea ( gov]nm5t1 z appli$ to ! v]b 9 ?is mood2 & ev5 frames a rule :i* ref]s x always ,to "s n\n or pron\n1 z its subject or actor4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,murray tea*es t ! object ( ! active v]b sometimes gov]ns ! inf9itive t foll[s x3 z1 ,!y h a desire to improve4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ahd4 ,to :at ext5t1 9 practice1 he w\ld c>ry ?is doctr9e1 nobody c tell2 probably to e s5t5ce 9 :i* ?is object is ! antec$5t t]m to ! preposition to1 & p]haps fur!r3 z1 ,i h a h\se to sell--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,i feel a desire to excel4 ,i felt my he>t )9 me die4--,m]rick4 ,,obs4 #d4--,nutt+ supposes t ! objective case be=e ! inf9itive always gov]ns x :]ev] x d5otes ! ag5t ( ! inf9itive action2 z1 ,he comm&s me to write a lett]4--,practical ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,nixon1 on ! contr>y1 cont5ds1 t ! f9ite v]b1 9 su* a s5t5ce1 c gov]n only "o object1 & t ?is object is ! inf9itive4 ,! objective case prec$+ x1 he says1 is ! subject or ag5t ( t inf9itive1 & n gov]n$ by ! prec$+ v]b4 ,8 example is1 ,let !m g4--,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #ig4 ,9 ! examples1 ',he is endeav\r+ to p]suade !m to le>n1'--',x is pleasant to see ! sun1'--! pron\n !m1 ! adjective pleasant1 & ! p>ticiple endeav\r+1 ,i consid] z gov]n+ ! foll[+ v]b 9 ! inf9itive mode4--,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #add4 ,"s errone\sly say t pron\ns gov]n ! inf9itive mode 9 su* examples z ?is3 ',i expect$ him to be pres5t4' ,we w *ange ! expression3 ',he 0 expect$ to be pres5t4' ,all w admit t to be is gov]n$ by 0 expect$4 ,! same v]b t gov]ns x 9 ! passive voice1 gov]ns x 9 ! active4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #add4 ,s d our pr(ess$ gramm>ians diff] ab\t ! gov]nm5t ( ! inf9itive1 ev5 9 ! mo/ common con/ructions ( x6 ,(t51 h[ev]1 x makes b little diff]5ce 9 reg>d to ! s5se1 :i* ( ! two words is consid]$ ! gov]n+ or antec$5t t]m2 b :]e ! preposition is exclud$1 ! con/ruction seems to imply "s imm$iate influ5ce ( ! f9ite v]b ^u ! inf9itive4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! ext5t ( ?is influ5ce1 or ( su* gov]nm5t1 has nev] yet be5 cle>ly det]m9$4 ,?is irregul>ity1 says ,murray1 ext5ds only to active or neut] v]bs3 'active & neut] v]bs1' says ,fisk3 = all ! v]bs above m5tion$1 :5 made passive1 require ! preposition to be=e ! foll[+ v]b3 z1 ',he 0 se5 to g2' ',he 0 he>d to speak2' ',!y 7 bidd5 to be ^u _! gu>d4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,fisk adds ) no great accuracy ,9 ! pa/ & future t5ses ( ! active voice also1 ^! v]bs g5]ally require ! sign to1 to be prefix$ to ! foll[+ v]bs2 z1 ',y h d>$ to proce$ )\t au?ority2' ',!y w n d>e to attack y4'--,gram4 ,simplifi$1 p4 #abe4 ,:at ^! g5tlem5 "h call neut] v]bs1 are only ! two words d>e & ne$1 :i* are1 9 mo/ cases1 active1 ?\gh n always transitive2 unless ! inf9itive itself c make !m s--an inconsi/5t doctr9e ( !irs :i* ,i h else:]e refut$4 7,see ,obs4 #crd on ,rule #e?47 ,^! two v]bs take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition1 only :5 !y are intransitive2 :ile all ! re/ seem to h ?is p[]1 only :5 !y are transitive4 ,if !re are any exceptions1 !y %all pres5tly be consid]$4 ,a m p>ticul> exam9ation ( ! con/ruction prop] = ! inf9itive aft] ea* ( ^! eight v]bs1 seems necess>y = a "r und]/&+ ( ! rule4 ,,obs4 #f4--,( ! v]b ,,bid4 ,?is v]b1 9 any ( its t5ses1 :5 x comm&s an action1 usually gov]ns an object & also an inf9itive1 :i* come toge!r2 z1 ,?\ bid/ ! _w adore4--,?omson4 ,if ! prophet _h bid !e d "s great ?+4--#b ,k+s1 v1 #ac4 ,b :5 x means1 to promise or (f]1 ! inf9itive t foll[s1 mu/ be introduc$ by ! preposition to2 z1 ,he bids fair to excel !m all--,p]haps no p]son "u heav5 bids m unlikely to be sav$4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 vii4 ,& ea* bade high to w9 him4--,,granville3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,aft] ! comp\nd =bid1 ! preposition is also necess>y2 z1 ,:]e honeysuckles =bid ! sun to ent]4--,beauties ( ,%ak44 p4 #eg4 ,9 poetry1 if ! measure happ5s to require x1 ! ^w to is sometimes all[$ aft] ! simple v]b bid1 d5ot+ a comm&2 z1 ,bid me to /rike my de>e/ bro!r dead1 ,to br+ my ag$ fa!r's ho>y head4--,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 i1 l4 #fgg4 ,,obs4 #g4--,( ! v]b ,,d>e4 ,?is v]b1 :5 us$ intransitively1 & its irregul> pret]it dur/1 :i* is nev] transitive1 usually take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t to2 z1 ,i d>e d all t may become a man3 ,:o d>es d m1 is none4--,%akspe>e4 ,if he dur/ /eal any ?+ adv5tur\sly4--,id4 ,:o dur/ defy ?' ,omnipot5t to arms4--,milton4 ,l "o :o dur/ 8 de/9y control4--,dryd54 ,9 ^! examples1 ! =m] v]bs h "s resemblance to auxili>ies1 & ! ins]tion ( ! preposition to w\ld be improp]4 ,b :5 we take away ?is resemblance1 by giv+ d>e or d>$1 an objective case1 ! preposition is requisite be=e ! inf9itive2 z1 ,"t6 ,i d>e !e to discov] ,su* a y\? or su* a lov]4--,dryd54 ,he d>es me to ent] ! li/s4--,fisk's ,gram41 p4 #abe4 ,s :5 d>e itself is 9 ! inf9itive mood1 or is put aft] an auxili>y1 ! preposition is n improp]2 z1 ,& let a private man d>e to say t x w4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #adg4 ,w\ld its compil] d>e to affront ! ,deity8--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #aea4 ,:at p[] s great1 to d>e to disobey8--,pope's ,hom]4 ,"s w\ld ev5 d>e to die4--,bible4 ,:at w\ld d>e to mole/ him8--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,d y d>e to prosecute su* a creature z ,vaughan8--,junius1 ,let4 xxxiii4 ,p]haps ^! examples might be consid]$ good ,engli%1 ei!r ) or )\t ! to2 b ! la/ "o w\ld be /ill bett] ?us3 ,d>e y prosecute su* a creature z ,vaughan8 ,dr4 ,prie/ley ?9ks ! foll[+ s5t5ce w\ld h be5 bett] ) ! preposition ins]t$3 ,:o h d>$ defy ! wor/4--,,h>ris3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acb4 ,to is sometimes us$ aft] ! simple v]b1 9 ! pres5t t5se2 z1 ,^? ^: words no "o d>es to repeat4--,opie1 on ,ly+1 p4 #adg4 ,d>e ,i to leave ( humble prose ! %ore8 --,"y1 p4 #cgg4 ,aga9/ heav5's endless m]cies p\r'd1 h[ d>'/ ?\ to rebel8 --,id41 p4 #chj4 ,! man :o d>es to be a wret*1 des]ves /ill great] pa94 --,id41 p4 #cha4 ,,obs4 #h4--,( ! v]b ,,feel4 ,?is v]b1 9 any ( its t5ses1 may gov]n ! inf9itive )\t ! sign to2 b x does ?is1 only :5 x is us$ transitively1 & t 9 reg>d to a bodily p]ception3 z1 ,i feel x move4--,i felt some?+ /+ me4 ,if we speak ( feel+ any m5tal affection1 or if we use ! v]b intransitively1 ! inf9itive t foll[s1 requires ! preposition2 z1 ,i feel x to be my duty4--,i felt a%am$ to ask4--,i feel afraid to g alone4--,i felt ab\t1 to f9d ! door4 ,"o may say ( :at is pa9ful to ! body1 ,i feel x to be sev]e4 ,,obs4 #i4--,( ! v]b ,,he>4 ,?is v]b is (t5 intransitive1 b x is usually foll[$ by an objective case :5 x gov]ns ! inf9itive2 z4 ,to he> a bird s+4--,web/]4 ,y h nev] he>d me say s4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t ^? s5t5ces 9 :i* x appe>s to gov]n ! inf9itive alone1 are elliptical2 z1 ,i h he>d tell ( su* ?+s4--,& ,i h he>d say ( !e1 t ?\ can/ und]/& a dream to int]pret x4--,g51 xli1 #ae4 ,su* examples may be ! same z4 ,i h he>d p tell1--,i h he>d m5 say1 c4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,( ! v]b ,,let4 ,by _m gramm>ians ?is v]b has be5 errone\sly call$ an auxili>y ( ! optative mood2 or1 z ,dr4 ,johnson t]ms x1 a sign ( ! optative mood3 ?\gh none d5y1 t x is sometimes also a pr9cipal v]b4 ,x is1 9 fact1 always a pr9cipal v]b2 because1 z we n[ apply x1 x is always transitive4 ,x commonly gov]ns an objective n\n or pron\n1 & also an inf9itive )\t ! sign to2 z1 ,rise up1 let u g4--,m>k4 ,?\ %alt let x re/4--,exodus4 ,b sometimes ! inf9itive coalesces ) x m ne>ly ?an ! objective1 s t ! latt] is plac$ aft] bo? v]bs2 z1 ,! solution lets g ! m]cury4--,newton4 ,"o lets slip out ( 8 acc\nt a good "p ( t duration4--,locke4 ,back6 on y\r lives2 let be1 said he1 my prey4--,dryd54 ,! phrase1 let g1 is sometimes spok5 =1 let g y\r hold2 & let be1 = let him be1 let x be1 c4 ,9 su* in/ances1 !re=e1 ! v]b let is n really intransitive4 ,?is v]b1 ev5 9 ! passive =m1 may h ! inf9itive aft] x )\t ! preposition to2 z1 ,no?+ is let slip4--,walk]'s ,engli% ,p>ticles1 p4 #afe4 ,!y 7 let g 9 peace4--,acts1 xv1 #cc4 ,! /age 0 nev] empty1 nor ! curta9 let fall4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dei4 ,! pye's "q 0 wisely let fall )\t a reply4--,l',e/range4 ,) respect to o!r passives1 ,murray & ,fisk appe> to be "r2 & sometimes ! preposition is us$ aft] ?is "o3 z1 ,!re's a lett] = y1 sir1 if y\r "n be ,horatio1 z ,i am let to "k x is4--,%akspe>e4 ,let1 :5 us$ intransitively1 requir$ ! preposition to be=e ! foll[+ inf9itive2 z1 ,he w\ld n let i4 e4 =be> to c\nsel ! k+4--,bacon4 ,b ?is use ( let is n[ obsolete4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,( ! v]b ,,make4 ,?is v]b1 l mo/ ( ! o!rs1 nev] imm$iately gov]ns an inf9itive1 unless x also gov]ns a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! imm$iate subject ( su* inf9itive2 z1 ,y make me blu%4--,?is only made ! y\ng/] laugh--,web/]'s ,spell+-,book4 ,:i* soon made ! "y *ap ha/5 d[n4--,ib4 ,b 9 v _m in/ances x is q prop] to ins]t ! preposition :]e ?is v]b is transitive2 z1 ,he make? bo? ! deaf to he>1 & ! dumb to speak4--,m>k1 vii1 #cg4 ,he makes ! excell5cy ( a s5t5ce to consi/ 9 f\r ?+s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abb2 ,jamieson's1 #abd4 ,x is ?is t makes ! obs]vance ( ! dramatic unities to be ( consequ5ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfd4 ,9 mak+ "s t5ses ( ! ,engli% v]b to consi/ ( pr9cipal & auxili>y4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,:5 make is intransitive1 x has "s qualify+ ^w aft] x1 besides ! sign ( ! inf9itive2 z1--,i ?9k he w make out to pay 8 debts4 ,=m]ly1 ! preposition to 0 almo/ always ins]t$ to gov]n ! inf9itive aft] make or made2 z1 ,le/ ,i make my bro!r to (f5d4--#a ,cor41 viii1 #ac4 ,he made _m to fall4--,j]41 xlvi1 #af4 ,yet1 9 ! foll[+ text1 x is omitt$1 ev5 :]e ! v]b is meant to be passive3 ,& x 0 lift$ up f ! e>?1 & made /& ^u ! feet z a man4--,dan41 vii1 #d4 ,?is con/ruction is improp]1 & n free f ambiguity2 because /& may be a n\n1 & made1 an active v]b gov]n+ x4 ,!re may also be unc]ta9ty 9 ! mean+1 :]e ! ins]tion ( ! preposition leaves none 9 ! con/ruction2 = made may signify ei!r creat$ or compell$1 & ! inf9itive aft] x1 may d5ote ei!r ! purpose ( creation1 or ! effect ( any tempor>y compulsion3 z1 ,we are made to be s]viceable to o!rs4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #afg4 ,man 0 made to m\rn4--,burns4 ,ta/e 0 nev] made to cat] = vanity4--,blair4 ,! primitive ^w make seldom1 if ev]1 produces a con/ruction t is ?us equivocal4 ,! inf9itive foll[+ x )\t to1 always d5otes ! effect ( ! mak+1 & n ! purpose ( ! mak]2 z1 ,he made 8 son ,skjld be receiv$ !re z k+4--,nor?4 ,antiq41 p4 #ha4 ,b ! same mean+ may be convey$ :5 ! to is us$2 z1 ,! fe> ( ,god is fre$om1 joy1 & peace2 ,& makes all ills t vex u "h to cease4--,wall]1 p4 #ef4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,( ! v]b ,,ne$4 ,i incl9e to ?9k1 t ! ^w ne$1 :5ev] x is rightly foll[$ by ! inf9itive )\t to1 is1 9 reality an auxili>y ( ! pot5tial mood2 & t1 l may1 c1 & mu/1 x may prop]ly be us$1 9 bo? ! pres5t & ! p]fect t5se1 )\t p]sonal inflection3 z1 ,he ne$ n g1 ,he ne$ n h gone2 :]e1 if ne$ is a pr9cipal v]b1 & gov]ns ! inf9itive )\t to1 ! expressions mu/ be1 ,he ne$s n g1 ,he ne$$ n g1 or1 ,he has n ne$$ g4 ,b none ( ^! ?ree =ms is agreeable2 & ! la/ two are nev] us$4 ,:]e=e1 9 /ead ( plac+ 9 my code ( false syntax ! num]\s examples ( ! =m] k9d1 ) :i* ! /yle ( our gramm>ians & critics has furni%$ me1 ,i h exhibit$ _m ( !m1 9 contra/ ) o!rs1 9 ! eigh? & n9? obs]vations on ! ,conjugation ( ,v]bs2 9 :i* obs]vations1 ! read] may see :at reasons !re are = suppos+ ! ^w ne$ to be sometimes an auxili>y & sometimes a pr9cipal v]b4 ,because no o!r au?or has yet int5tionally recogniz$ ! propriety ( ?is di/9ction1 ,i h gone no f>!r ?an to %[ on :at gr\nds1 & ) :at au?ority f usage1 x might be ackn[l$g$4 ,if we adopt ?is di/9ction1 p]haps x w be f\nd t ! regul> or pr9cipal v]b ne$ always requires1 or1 at lea/1 always admits1 ! preposition to be=e ! foll[+ inf9itive2 z1 ,!y ne$ n to be specially indicat$4--,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #cjb4 ,we ne$ only to rem>k4--,ib41 ii1 #bbd4 ,a "y man ne$$ only to ask himself1 c4--,ib41 i1 #aag4 ,nor is x conceivable to me1 t ! lightn+ ( a ,demo/h5es c\ld ne$ to be sp$ ^u ! w+s ( a semiquav]4--,ib41 ii1 #bbf4 ,b ^! p ne$ to be in=m$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bbj4 ,no man ne$$ less to be in=m$4--,ib41 p4 #age4 ,we ne$ only to m5tion ! difficulty t arises4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cfb4 ,c !re ne$ to be argum5t to prove s pla9 a po9t8--,graham's ,lect4 ,moral in/ruction ne$s to h a m prom95t place4--,dr4 ,weeks4 ,pride1 ambition1 & selfi%ness1 ne$ to be re/ra9$4--,id4 ,articles are sometimes omitt$1 :]e !y ne$ to be us$4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aig4 ,^: p[] ne$s n to be dread$4--,wilson's ,hebrew ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,a workman t ne$e? n to be a%am$4--#b ,tim41 ii1 #ae4 ,! small boys may h ne$$ to be manag$ accord+ to ! s*ool sy/em4--,t4 ,d4 ,woolsey4 ,! difficulty ( mak+ v>iety consi/5t1 ne$s n to di/urb him4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #abb4 ,a m cog5t pro( ne$s n to be introduc$4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,no p]son ne$s to be in=m$1 t y is us$ 9 address+ a s+le p]son4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,i hope ,i ne$ n to advise y fur!r4--,%ak41 ,all's ,well4 ,nor me1 nor o!r god1 ?\ ne$/ to fe>1 ,= ?\ to all ! heav5ly ho/ art de>4--,congreve4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,if ne$ is ev] an auxili>y1 ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 an auxili>y & a pr9cipal v]b1 w v well acc\nt = ! o!rwise puzzl+ fact1 t good writ]s sometimes inflect ?is v]b1 & sometimes d n2 & t !y sometimes use to aft] x1 & sometimes d n4 ,nor d ,i see 9 :at o!r way a gramm>ian c treat x1 )\t condemn+ z bad ,engli% a great numb] ( v common phrases :i* he _c *ange = ! bett]4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 su* examples z1 ,he ne$ n proce$1 & ,he ne$s n to proce$1 may be p]fectly "r 9 ei!r =m2 ?\gh ,murray1 ,crombie1#daf ,fisk1 ,+]soll1 ,smi?1 ,c4 ,adams1 & _m o!rs1 pron\nce bo? ^! =ms to be wrong2 & unanim\sly1 7?\gh contr>y to :at is p]haps ! be/ usage17 pref]1 ,he ne$s n proce$4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahj4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,on que/ions ( gramm>1 ! practice ( au?ors ought to be ( m weight1 ?an ! dogmatism ( gramm>ians2 b x is (t5 difficult to decide well by ei!r2 because errors & contradictions ab\nd 9 bo?4 ,= example3 ,dr4 ,blair says1 79 speak+ ( ! p]sons repres5t$ by ,i & ?\17 ,_! sex ne$s n be m>k$4--,rhet41 p4 #gi4 ,jamieson abridges ! "w1 & says1 ne$s n to be m>k$4--,gram4 ( ,rhet41 p4 #bh4 ,dr4 ,l[? also says1 ne$s n be m>k$4--,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,*ur*ill enl>ges ! "w1 & says1 ne$s n to be m>k$4--,new ,gram41 p4 #gb4 ,l9dley ,murray copies ,l[?1 & says1 ne$s n be m>k$4--,gram41 #abmo1 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ci2 #bc;d ,ed41 p4 #ea2 & p]haps all o!r editions4 ,he aft]w>ds enl>ges 8 own "w1 & says1 ne$s n to be m>k$4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,b1 accord+ to ,gre5leaf !y all express ! idea ungrammatically2 ! only true =m be+1 ,_! sex ne$ n be m>k$4 ,see ,gram4 ,simplifi$1 p4 #dh4 ,9 ! two places 9 :i* ! etymology & ! syntax ( ?is v]b are exam9$1 ,i h cit$ f prop] s\rces m ?an tw5ty examples 9 :i* to is us$ aft] x1 & m ?an tw5ty o!rs 9 :i* ! v]b is n inflect$ 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,9 ! latt]1 ne$ is treat$ z an auxili>y2 9 ! =m]1 x is a pr9cipal v]b1 ( ! regul> con/ruction4 ,if ! pr9cipal v]b ne$ c also gov]n ! inf9itive )\t to1 z all our gramm>ians h suppos$1 !n !re is a ?ird =m :i* is unobjectionable1 & my pupils may take _! *oice ( ! ?ree4 ,b /ill !re is a f\r? =m :i* nobody approves1 ?\gh ! h&s ( "s great m5 h furni%$ u ) examples ( x3 z1 ,a figure ( ?\ght ne$ n to detort ! words f _! lit]al s5se4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,lectures1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bed4 ,:i* a man ne$ only to appeal to 8 own feel+s imm$iately to ev9ce4--,cl>kson's ,prize-,essay on ,slav]y1 p4 #ajf4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,web/] & ,gre5leaf seem incl9$ to ju/ify ! use ( d>e1 z well z ( ne$1 = ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,_! doctr9e is ?is3 ,9 popul> practice x is us$ 9 ! ?ird p]son1 )\t ! p]sonal t]m9ation4 ,?us1 in/ead ( say+1 ',he d>es n d x2' ,,we g5]ally say1 ',he d>e n d x4' ,9 l mann]1 ne$1 :5 an active v]b1 is regul> 9 its inflections2 z1 ',a man ne$s m prud5ce4' ,b :5 intransitive1 x drops ! p]sonal t]m9ations 9 ! pres5t t5se1 & is foll[$ by a v]b )\t ! prefix to2 z1 ',a man ne$ n be uneasy4'--,gre5leaf s ,gramm> ,simplifi$1 p4 #ch2 ,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #agh2 ,improv$ ,gram41 #abg4 ,ea* "p ( ?is explanation appe>s to me errone\s4 ,9 popul> practice1 "o %all (t5] he>1 ,he d>es n't d x1 or ev51 ,y d>es n't d x1 ?an1 ,he d>e n d x4 ,b x is only 9 ! tra9$ practice ( ! s*ools1 t he %all ev] he>1 ,he ne$s n't d x1 or1 ,he ne$s n d x4 ,if ne$ is sometimes us$ )\t inflection1 ?is peculi>ity1 or ! disuse ( to be=e ! subsequ5t inf9itive1 is n a necess>y result ( its intransitive "*4 ,& z to _! lat5t nom9ative1 :]e( !re is no acc\nt1 or1 :]e( !re ne$s no acc\nt2 _! fact1 ( :i* !re is no evid5ce1 or ( :i* !re ne$s no evid5ce2 ,i judge x a rem>kable ph5om5on1 t au?ors ( s high pret5sions1 c\ld f9d1 9 ^! transpositions1 a nom9ative to is1 b none to ne$s6 ,see a m>g9al note "u ,rule #ad?1 at p4 #egj4 ,,obs4 #af4--,( ! v]b ,,see4 ,?is v]b1 :5ev] x gov]ns ! inf9itive )\t to1 gov]ns also an objective n\n or pron\n2 z1 ,see me d x4--,i saw him d x4--,murray4 ,:5ev] x is intransitive1 ! foll[+ inf9itive mu/ be gov]n$ by to2 z1 ,i w see to h x done4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #ih2 ,gre5leaf's1 #ch4 ,h[ c\ld he see to d !m8--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #dc4 ,9 ! foll[+ text1 see is transitive1 & gov]ns ! inf9itive2 b ! two v]bs are put s f> ap>t1 t x requires "s skill 9 ! read] to make _! relation app>5t3 ,:5 ye !re=e %all see ! abom9ation ( desolation1 spok5 ( by ,daniel ! prophet1 /& 9 ! holy place1 c4--,matt41 xxiv1 #ae4 ,an o!r scripturi/ uses ! p>ticiple1 & says--/&+ :]e x ought n1 c4--,m>k1 xiii1 #ad4 ,! ,greek ^w is ! same 9 bo?2 x is a p>ticiple1 agree+ ) ! n\n = abom9ation4 ,sometimes ! preposition to seems to be admitt$ on purpose to protract ! expression3 z1 ,tranio1 ,i saw h] coral lips to move1 ,& ) h] brea? %e did p]fume ! air4--,%ak4 ,,obs #ag4--;,a few o!r v]bs1 besides ! eight :i* are m5tion$ 9 ! =ego+ rule & rem>ks1 sometimes h ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t to4 ,w4 ,all5 tea*es1 t1 ,! sign to is g5]ally omitt$1 n only aft] ^! eight1 b also aft] eight o!rs2 namely1 f9d1 h1 help1 m>k1 obs]ve1 p]ceive1 wat*1 & ! old pret]it gan1 = began2 & sometimes aft] behold & "k4--,elem5ts ( ,gram41 p4 #afg4 ,p]haps he may h f\nd "s in/ances ( ! omission ( ! preposition aft] all ^!1 b 9 my op9ion 8 rule gives a v unw>rantable ext5sion to ?is irregul>ity1 z ,murray calls x4 ,! usage belongs only to p>ticul> v]bs1 & to !m n 9 all _! applications4 ,o!r v]bs ( ! same import d n 9 g5]al admit ! same idiom4 ,b1 by a lic5se = ! mo/ "p peculi> to ! poets1 ! preposition to is occasionally omitt$1 especially aft] v]bs equival5t to ^? :i* exclude x2 z1 ,& =ce !m sit4--,c[p]'s ,task1 p4 #df4 ,t is1 ,& make !m sit4 ,accord+ to ,*ur*ill1 ,to use ought or cause 9 ?is mann]1 is a ,scotticism3 z1 ',won't y cause !m remove ! h>es8'--',y ought n walk4' ,,%ak4--,new ,gram41 p4 #cag4 ,! v]bs1 behold1 view1 obs]ve1 m>k1 wat*1 & spy1 are only o!r words = see2 z1 ,!re might y behold "o joy cr[n an o!r4--,%ak4 ,!re ,i sat1 view+ ! silv] /ream glide sil5tly t[>ds ! tempe/u\s sea4--,walton4 ,i beheld ,satan z lightn+ fall f heav54--,luke1 x1 #ah4 ,?y dr[sy nurse ha? sworn %e did !m spy ,come tripp+ to ! room :]e ?\ did/ lie4--,milton4 ------,nor ) less dread ! l\d ,e!real trumpet f on high 'gan bl[4--,id41 ,p4 ,l41 vi1 #fj4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,aft] h1 help1 & f9d1 ! inf9itive sometimes occurs )\t ! preposition to1 b mu* (t5] ) x2 z1 ,:5 enum]at+ objects :i* we wi% to h appe> di/9ct4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bbb4 ,c]ta9ly1 x is heav5 ^u e>?1 to h a man's m9d move 9 *>ity1 re/ 9 ,provid5ce1 & turn ^u ! poles ( tru?4--,ld4 ,bacon4 ,:at wilt ?\ h me to d8--,acts1 ix1 #f4 ,he w h u to ackn[l$ge him4--,sc\gal1 p4 #ajb4 ,i _h to walk all ! way4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,w\ld y h !m let g !n8 ,no4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bdh4 ,accord+ to ,all5's rule1 ?is "q is ambigu\s2 b ! le>n$ au?or expla9s x 9 ,lat9 ?us3 ,placet igitur eos dimitti8 ,m9im4 ,t is1 ,w\ld y h !m dismiss$ !n8 ,no4 ,_h he meant1 ,w\ld y h !m to let g !n8 he w\ld d\btless h said s4 ,kirkham1 by add+ help to ,murray's li/1 enum]ates n9e v]bs :i* he w h to exclude ! sign ( ! inf9itive2 z1 ,help me d x4--,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,b good writ]s sometimes use ! p>ticle to aft] ?is v]b2 z1 ,& ,danby's mat*less impud5ce help$ to support ! knave4--,,dryd53 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,help4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,x mu/1 ,i suppose1 be accord+ to ! ,scot* idiom t ,mrs4 ,macaulay omits x aft] ! v]b help3 ',to help c>ry on ! new measures ( ! c\rt4' ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 iv1 p4 #aej4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,y w f9d ! difficulty disappe> 9 a %ort "t4--,cobbett's ,engli% ,gram41 #af4 ,we %all always f9d ?is di/9ction obta94--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bde4 ,"h ! preposition to might h be5 ins]t$ ) propriety4 ,)\t x1 a plural n\n w r5d] ! con/ruction equivocal4 ,! s5t5ce1 ,y w f9d ! difficulties disappe> 9 a %ort "t1 w probably be und]/ood to mean1 ,y w f9d t ! difficulties disappe> 9 a %ort "t4 ,i d n f9d him reject 8 au?ority4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #afg4 ,"h too ! preposition might z well h be5 ins]t$4 ,b1 z ?is use ( ! inf9itive is a sort ( ,lat9ism1 "s critics w\ld *oose to say1 ,i d n f9d t he rejects 8 au?ority4 ,cyrus 0 extremely glad to f9d !m h su* s5tim5ts ( religion4--,roll91 ii1 #aag4 ,"h ! inf9itive may be v>i$ ei!r by ! p>ticiple or by ! indicative2 z1 to f9d !m hav+1 or1 to f9d !y _h4 ,( ! ?ree expressions1 ! la/1 ,i ?9k1 is r ! be/4 ,,obs4 #ai4--,:5 two or m inf9itives are connect$ 9 ! same con/ruction1 "o preposition sometimes gov]ns !m bo? or all2 a repetition ( ! p>ticle n be+ always necess>y1 unless we mean to make ! t]ms sev]ally emphatical4 ,?is fact is "o evid5ce t to is n a necess>y "p ( ea* inf9itive v]b1 z "s w h x to be4 ,examples3 ,"l1 suff] me fir/ ,,to g & bury my fa!r4--,matt41 viii1 #ba4 ,to %ut ! door1 means1 ,,to ?r[ or ca/ ! door to4--,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #aje4 ,mo/ au?ors expect ! pr9t] ,,to spell1 po9t1 & dige/ _! copy1 t x may be intelligible to ! read]4--,pr9t]'s ,gramm>4 ,i'll n be made a s(t & dull-ey$ fool1 ,to %ake ! head1 rel5t1 & sigh1 & yield4--,%ak4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,an inf9itive t expla9s an o!r1 may sometimes be introduc$ )\t ! preposition to2 because1 ! =m] hav+ x1 ! con/ruction ( ! latt] is made ! same by ?is k9d ( apposition3 z1 ,! mo/ accompli%$ way ( us+ books at pres5t is1 ,,to s]ve !m z "s d lords2 le>n _! titles1 &1 !n brag ( _! acqua9tance4--,,swift3 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #aff4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,aft] ?an or z1 ! sign ( ! inf9itive is sometimes requir$1 & sometimes exclud$2 & 9 "s in/ances we c ei!r ins]t x or n1 z we please4 ,! latt] t]m ( a comp>ison is almo/ always m or less elliptical2 & z ! nature ( its ellipsis dep5ds on ! /ructure ( ! =m] t]m1 s does ! necessity ( ins]t+ or ( omitt+ ! sign ( ! inf9itive4 ,examples3 ,no desire is m univ]sal ?an is ! desire to be exalt$ & hon\r$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aig4 ,! difficulty is n s great to die = a fri5d1 z is ! difficulty to f9d a fri5d wor? dy+ =4--,id41 ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #db4 ,x is no m 9 "o's p[] to love or n to love1 ?an x is 9 "o's p[] to be 9 heal? or out ( ord]4--,ib41 p4 #de4 ,m5 are m likely to be prais$ into virtue1 ?an !y are likely to be rail$ out ( vice4--,ib41 p4 #dh4 ,x is m tol]able to be always alone1 ?an x is tol]able nev] to be s4--,ib41 p4 #bf4 ,no?+ is m easy ?an to d mis*ief is easy3 no?+ is m difficult ?an to suff] )\t compla9+ is difficult4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,or3 ?an x is easy to d mis*ief3 c41 ?an x is difficult to suff]1 c4 ,x is m agreeable to ! nature ( mo/ m5 to foll[ ?an x is agreeable to _! nature to lead4--,ib41 p4 #ee4 ,9 all ^! examples1 ! preposition to is v prop]ly ins]t$2 b :at excludes x f ! =m] t]m ( a comp>ison1 w exclude x f ! latt]1 if su* gov]n+ v]b be und]/ood !re3 z1 ,y no m he>d me say ^? words1 ?an y he>d me talk ,greek4 ,x may be equally prop] to say1 ,we *oose r to lead ?an foll[1 or1 ,we *oose r to lead ?an to foll[4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #cg4 ,! mean+ 9 ei!r case is1 ,we *oose to lead r ?an we *oose to foll[4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 !re is p]haps an ellipsis ( to be=e cite3 ,i ne$ d no?+ m ?an simply cite ! explicit decl>ations1 c4--,gurney's ,peculi>ities1 p4 #d4 ,s 9 ^!3 ,nature did no m ?an furni% ! p[] & means4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #adg4 ,to beg1 ?an "w1 he bett] und]/&s2 ,or we p]haps might take him (f ?y h&s4 --,pope's ,odyssey1 xvii1 #bfj4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,x has be5 /at$1 9 ,obs4 #af? on ,rule #ag?1 t good writ]s are apt to %un a repetition ( any "p common to two or m v]bs 9 ! same s5t5ce2 & among ! examples !re cit$ is ?is3 ,!y mean to1 & w1 he> pati5tly4--,salem ,regi/]4 ,s "o might say1 ,c a man arrive at excell5ce1 :o has no desire to8--,i d n wi% to g1 nor expect to4--,op5 ! door1 if y are go+ to4 ,answ]3 ,we want to1 & try to1 b c't4 ,su* ellipses ( ! inf9itive aft] to1 are by no means uncommon1 especially 9 conv]sation2 nor d !y appe> to me to be always repreh5sible1 s9ce !y prev5t repetition1 & may contribute to brevity )\t obscurity4 ,b ,dr4 ,bullions has lately ?\ght prop] to condemn !m2 = su* is presum$ to h be5 ! design ( ! foll[+ note3 ,to1 ! sign ( ! inf9itive1 %\ld nev] be us$ = ! inf9itive itself4 ,?us1 ',i h n writt51 & ,i d n int5d to1' is a colloquial vulg>ism =1 ',i h n writt51 & ,i d n int5d to write4'--,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #agi4 ,8 ,ex]cises to be correct$1 "h1 are ^!3 ,be sure to write y\rself & tell him to4 ,& live z ,god design$ me to4--,ib41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ahj4 ,x be+ manife/1 t to _c be us$ =--7t is1 9 place (--7:at is impli$ aft] x1 ?is is c]ta9ly a v awkw>d way ( h9t+ !re %\ld nev] be an ellipsis ( ! inf9itive aft] to4 ,b1 f ! false syntax furni%$1 ?is appe>s to h be5 ! mean+ int5d$4 ,! examples are sev]ally faulty1 b n = ! reason sugge/$--n because to is us$ = write or live--n1 inde$1 = any "o reason common to ! ?ree--b because1 9 ! fir/1 to write & h n writt51 h no?+ 9 common :i* we c omit2 9 ! second1 ! mood ( tell is d\btful1 &1 )\t a comma aft] y\rself1 we _c precisely "k ! mean+2 9 ! ?ird1 ! mood1 ! p]son1 & ! numb] ( live1 are all unkn[n4 ,see ,note #i? to ,rule #ag?1 above2 & ,note #b;d to ! ,g5]al ,rule1 bel[4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,( "s inf9itives1 x is h>d to say :e!r !y are transitive or intransitive2 z1 ,well1 !n1 let u proce$2 we h o!r =c$ m>*es to make2 o!r enemies to subdue2 m laurels to acquire2 & m injuries to av5ge4--,,bonap>te3 ,columbian ,orator1 p4 #acf4 ,^!1 )\t ellipsis1 are intransitive2 b relatives may be ins]t$4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xix4 ,,inf9itives ,,aft] ,,bid1 ,,d>e1 ,,feel1 ,,he>1 ,,let1 c4 ,i d>e n to proce$ s ha/ily1 le/ ,i %\ld give (f5ce4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #fc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! preposition to is ins]t$ be=e proce$1 :i* foll[s ! active v]b d>e4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ai?1 ,! active v]bs1 bid1 d>e1 feel1 he>1 let1 make1 ne$1 see1 & _! p>ticiples1 usually take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition to2 & ?is is an in/ance 9 :i* ! f9ite v]b %\ld imm$iately gov]n ! inf9itive4 ,!re=e1 ! to %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 ,i d>e n proce$ s ha/ily1 c4 ,_! "* is =m$1 & made appe>4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aae4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! preposition to is n ins]t$ betwe5 made & appe>1 ! v]b is made be+ passive4 ,b1 accord+ to ,obs4 #e? & #aj? on ,rule #ai?1 ^? v]bs :i* 9 ! active =m gov]n ! inf9itive )\t to1 d n s gov]n x :5 !y are made passive1 except ! v]b let4 ,!re=e1 to %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,_! "* is =m$1 & made to appe>4 ,let !re be b matt] & opportunity (f]$1 & y %all see !m quickly to revive aga94--,wisdom ( ! ,anci5ts1 p4 #ec4 ,x has be5 made appe>1 t !re is no presumption aga9/ a revelation4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #beb4 ,,manife/1 v4 t4 ,to reveal2 to make to appe>2 to %[ pla9ly4--,web/]'s ,am]ican ,dict4 ,let him to reign l unto good ,aurelius1 or let him to ble$ l unto ,socrates4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #afi4 ,to s+ ,i c\ld n2 to compla9 ,i dur/ n4--,s4 ,fo!rgill4 ,if ,t4 ,m4 be n s frequ5tly he>d pray by !m4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #acb4 ,h[ _m ( y\r own *ur* memb]s 7 nev] he>d pray8--,ib41 iii1 #acc4 ,yea1 we are bidd5 pray "o = ano!r4--,ib41 iii1 #ade4 ,he 0 made believe t nei!r ! k+'s dea?1 nor imprisonm5t w\ld help him4--,%effield's ,works1 ii1 #bha4 ,i felt a *ill+ s5sation to creep ov] me4--,in/41 p4 #ahh4 ,i d>e to say he has n got home yet4--,ib4 ,we sometimes see bad m5 to be hon\r$4--,ib4 ,i saw him to move4--,fel*'s ,compreh5sive ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,= see ?\1 ah6 see ?\ a ho/ile _w to raise its t]r\rs4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #afg4 ,b t he make him to rehe>se s4--,lily's ,gram41 p4 xv4 ,let u to rise4--,f[le's ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,scripture1 y "k1 exhorts u to x2 ,bids u to 'seek peace1 & ensue x4'--,swift's ,poems1 p4 #ccf4 ,:o bade ! mud f ,dives' :eel ,to spurn ! rags ( ,laz>us8 ,come1 bro!r1 9 t du/ we'll kneel1 ,confess+ ,heav5 t rul$ x ?us4--,*ri/mas ,book4 ,,*apt] ,,vii--,,p>ticiples4 ,! true or regul> syntax ( ! ,engli% ,p>ticiple1 z a "p ( spee* di/9ct f ! v]b1 & n conv]t$ into a n\n or an adjective1 is tw(old2 be+ sometimes t ( simple relation to a n\n or a pron\n t prec$es x1 & sometimes t ( gov]nm5t1 or ! /ate ( be+ gov]n$ by a preposition4 ,9 ! =m] con/ruction1 ! p>ticiple resembles an adjective2 9 ! latt]1 x is m l a n\n1 or l ! inf9itive mood3 = ! p>ticiple aft] a preposition is gov]n$ z a p>ticiple1 & n z a case4#dag ,to ^! two con/ructions1 "s add ?ree o!rs less regul>1 us+ ! p>ticiple sometimes z ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 sometimes z ! object ( a transitive v]b1 & sometimes z a nom9ative aft] a neut] v]b4 ,( ^! five con/ructions1 ! fir/ two1 are ! legitimate uses ( ?is "p ( spee*2 ! o!rs are occasional1 mod]n1 & ( d\btful propriety4 ,,rule ,,xx4--,,p>ticiples4 ,p>ticiples relate to n\ns or pron\ns1 or else are gov]n$ by prepositions3 z1 ,elizabe?'s tutor1 at "o "t pay+ h] a visit1 f\nd h] employ$ 9 read+ ,plato4--,hume4 ,i h no m pleasure 9 he>+ a man attempt+ wit & fail+1 ?an 9 see+ a man try+ to leap ov] a dit* & tumbl+ into x4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,n[1 rais'd on ,tyre's sad ru9s1 ,ph>aoh's pride ,so>'d high1 8 legions ?reat'n+ f> & wide4--,dryd54 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,a p>ticiple sometimes relates to a prec$+ phrase or s5t5ce1 ( :i* x =ms no "p2 z1 ,i !n quit ! society2 to )draw & leave !m to !mselves1 ,,appe>+ to me a duty4--,x is almo/ exclusively on ! gr\nd we h m5tion$1 t we h he>d 8 be+ cont9u$ 9 (fice ,,def5d$4--,pr(essors' ,reasons1 p4 #bc4 7,bett]1 8 cont9uance 9 (fice1 or1 ! cont9u+ ( him 9 (fice4 ,see ,obs4 #ah? on ,rule #d?47 ,b ev] to d ill our sole delight1 ,z be+ ! contr>y to 8 high w4--,milton4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,) an inf9itive d5ot+ be+ or action 9 ! ab/ract1 a p>ticiple is sometimes also tak5 ab/ractly2 7t is1 )\t ref]5ce to any p>ticul> n\n1 pron\n1 or o!r subject27 z1 ,to seem compell$1 is disagreeable4--,to keep always pray+ al\d1 is pla9ly impossible4--,x mu/ be disagreeable to be left paus+#dah on a ^w :i* does n1 by itself1 produce any idea4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cbc4 ,to praise him is to s]ve him1 & fulfill1 ,do+ & suff]+1 8 unque/ion'd w4 --,c[p]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hh4 ,,exception ,,?ird4 ,! p>ticiple is (t5 us$ irregul>ly 9 ,engli%1 z a sub/itute = ! inf9itive mood1 to :i* x is sometimes equival5t )\t irregul>ity2 z1 ,i saw him ent]1 or ent]+--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bcj4 ,he is afraid ( try+1 or to try4--,ibid4 ,examples irregul>3 ,sir1 said ,i1 if ! case /&s ?us1 'tis dang]\s dr9k+3 i4e41 to dr9k4--,colli]'s ,tablet ( ,cebes4 ,x w be b ill v5tur+ ?y s\l ^u t3 i4e41 to v5ture4--,bunyan's ,law & ,grace1 p4 #bg4 ,describ+ a pa/ ev5t z pres5t1 has a f9e effect 9 language3 i4e41 to describe4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ic4 ,9 ,engli% likewise x des]ves rem>k+3 i4e41 to be rem>k$4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bcb4 ,bi%op ,att]bury des]ves be+ p>ticul>ly m5tion$3 i4e41 to be p>ticul>ly m5tion$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bia4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is 9 effect no m ?an enjoy+ ! sweet t pr$om9ates3 i4e41 to enjoy4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #dc4 ,habits are soon assum'd2 b :5 we /rive ,to /rip !m (f1 'tis be+ flay'd alive4--,c[p]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dd ,,exception ,,f\r?4 ,an o!r frequ5t irregul>ity 9 ! con/ruction ( p>ticiples1 is ! practice ( treat+ !m ess5tially z n\ns1 )\t tak+ f !m ! regim5 & adjuncts ( p>ticiples2 z1 ,y\r hav+ be5 well educat$ w be a great recomm5dation4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aga4 7,bett]3 ,y\r excell5t education--or1 ,t y h be5 well educat$1 w be1 c47 ,x arises f sublimity's express+ gr&eur 9 its highe/ degree4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bi4 ,conc]n+ ! sep>at+ by a circum/ance1 words intimately connect$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ajd4 ,z long z !re is any hope ( _! keep+ pace ) !m4--,lit]>y ,conv5tion1 p4 #aad4 ,:i* c\ld only arise f 8 kn[+ ! secrets ( all he>ts4--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,"y ,lady1 p4 #ahj4 ,b ?is aga9 is talk+ q at r&om4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #adf4 ,my be+ "h x is1 t holds !e h5ce4--,%ak4 ,su*1 b by foils1 ! cle>e/ lu/re see1 ,& deem asp]s+ o!rs1 prais+ !e4--,savage1 to ,walpole4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xx4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is rule1 ,i incl9e to ?9k1 !re are prop]ly no o!r exceptions ?an ! fir/ two above2 or1 at lea/1 t we ought to avoid1 :5 we c1 any additional anomalies4 ,yet1 n to condemn ) unbecom+ positiv5ess :at o!rs receive = good ,engli%1 ,i h subjo9$ two items m1 :i* include c]ta9 o!r irregul>ities n[ v common1 t1 :5 examples ( a l =m occur1 ! read] may p>se !m z exceptions1 if he does n *oose to c5sure !m z errors4 ,! mix$ con/ruction 9 :i* p>ticiples are made to gov]n ! possessive case1 has already be5 l>gely consid]$ 9 ! obs]vations on ,rule #d?4 ,murray1 ,all51 ,*ur*ill1 & _m o!r gramm>ians1 great & small1 admit t p>ticiples may be made ! subjects or ! objects ( v]bs1 :ile !y reta9 ! nature1 gov]nm5t1 & adjuncts1 ( p>ticiples2 z1 ,n att5d+ to ?is rule1 is ! cause ( a v common error4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bjj2 ,comly's ,gram41 #ahh2 ,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 #agj4 ,polite is employ$ to signify _! be+ highly civiliz$4'--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bai4 ,"o abhors be+ 9 debt4--,ib41 p4 #ih2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #ga2 ,murray's ,gram41 #add4 ,:o affect$ be+ a f9e g5tleman s unm]cifully4--,spect41 ,no4 #dif4 ,! m9i/]'s be+ atta*$ to ! project1 prolong$ _! debate4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #gh4 ,x f9ds i4e41 ! m9d f9ds1 t act+ ?us w\ld gratify "o passion2 n act+1 or act+ o!rwise1 w\ld gratify ano!r4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aji4 ,b fur!r1 cavill+ & object+ ^u any subject is mu* easi] ?an cle>+ up difficulties4--,bp4 ,butl]'s ,*>ge to ! ,cl]gy ( ,durham1 #agea4 ,,obs4 #b4--,w4 ,all5 obs]ves1 ,! use ( ! p>ticiple z a nom9ative1 is "o ( ! peculi>ities ( our language4--,elem5ts ( ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,he might h add$1 t ! use ( ! p>ticiple z an objective gov]n$ by a v]b1 z a nom9ative aft] a v]b neut]1 or z a ^w gov]n+ ! possessive1 is also "o ( ! peculi>ities ( our language1 or at lea/ an idiom adopt$ by no few ( its rec5t writ]s4 ,b :e!r any "o ( ^! f\r mod]n dep>tures f ,g5]al ,gramm> ought to be c\nt5anc$ by u1 z an idiom t is ei!r elegant or advantage\s1 ,i v mu* d\bt4 ,!y are all h[ev] suffici5tly common 9 ! /yle ( reputable au?ors2 &1 h[ev] que/ionable _! "*1 "s ( our gramm>ians seem mightily atta*$ to !m all4 ,x becomes me !re=e to object ) submission4 ,^! mix$ & irregul> con/ructions ( ! p>ticiple1 ought1 9 my op9ion1 to be g5]ally condemn$ z false syntax2 & = ?is simple reason1 t ! ideas convey$ by !m may g5]ally1 if n always1 be express$ m briefly1 & m elegantly1 by o!r phraseology t is 9 no respect anomal\s4 ,?us1 = ! examples above3 ,inatt5tion to ?is rule1 is ! cause ( a v common error4--,polite is employ$ to signify a high degree ( civilization2 or1 t !y are highly civiliz$4--,"o abhors debt4--,:o affect$ ! f9e g5tleman s unm]cifully4--,! m9i/]'s p>tiality to ! project1 prolong$ _! debate4--,x f9ds i4e41 ! m9d f9ds1 t to act ?us1 w\ld gratify "o passion2 & t n to act1 or to act o!rwise1 w\ld gratify ano!r4--,b fur!r1 to cavil & object1 ^u any subject1 is mu* easi] ?an to cle> up difficulties4 ,are n ^! expressions mu* bett] ,engli% ?an ! =ego+ quotations8 ,& if s1 h we n reason to conclude t ! adoption ( p>ticiples 9 su* in/ances is errone\s & ungrammatical8 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 ,obs4 #ag? on ,rule #d?1 x 0 sugge/$1 t 9 ,engli% ! p>ticiple1 )\t gov]n+ ! possessive case1 is turn$ to a great] numb] & v>iety ( uses1 ?an 9 any o!r language4 ,?is rem>k applies ma9ly to ! p>ticiple 9 +4 ,:e!r x is exp$i5t to make s mu* ( "o sort ( d]ivative1 & endeav\r to ju/ify e possible use ( x :i* c be plausibly def5d$1 is a "q well wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,we h already conv]t$ ?is p>ticiple to su* a multiplicity ( purposes1 & into s _m diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 t "o c well-nigh write a *apt] 9 x1 )\t any o!r words4 ,?is practice may h add$ some?+ to ! copi\sness & flexibility ( ! language1 b x c]ta9ly has a t5d5cy to impair its /r5g? & cle>ness4 ,n e use ( p>ticiples is good1 = :i* !re may be f\nd prec$5ts 9 good au?ors4 ,"o may run to great excess 9 ! adoption ( su* d]ivatives1 )\t becom+ absolutely un9telligible1 & )\t violat+ any rule ( our common gramm>s4 ,= example1 ,i may say ( somebody1 ,?is v sup]ficial grammati/1 suppos+ empty criticism ab\t ! adoption ( prop] phraseology to be a %[ ( extraord9>y erudition1 0 display+1 9 spite ( ridicule1 a v boa/ful turgid argum5t conc]n+ ! correction ( false syntax1 & ab\t ! detection ( false logic 9 debate4 ,n[1 9 :at o!r language ?an ours1 c a /r+ ( words any?+ l ! foll[+1 come s ne> to a fair & lit]al translation ( ?is long s5t5ce8 ,?is exce$+ trifl+ witl+1 consid]+ rant+ criticis+ conc]n+ adopt+ fitt+ word+ be+ exhibit+ transc5d+ le>n+1 0 display+1 not)/&+ ridicul+1 surpass+ boa/+ swell+ reason+1 respect+ correct+ err+ writ+1 & t\*+ detect+ deceiv+ argu+ dur+ debat+4 ,"h are n all ! uses to :i* our writ]s apply ! p>ticiple 9 +1 b !re w\ld seem to be en\gh1 )\t add+ o!rs t are less prop]4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! active p>ticiples1 admitt+1 all[+1 consid]+1 grant+1 speak+1 suppos+1 & ! l1 are frequ5tly us$ 9 disc\rse s indep5d5tly1 t !y ei!r relate to no?+1 or to ! pron\n ,i or we und]/ood2 z1 ,grant+ ?is to be true1 :at is to be inf]r$ f x8--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aie4 ,?is may be suppos$ to mean1 ,i1 grant+ ?is to be true1 ask :at is to be inf]r$ f x8 ,! v *9 01 mode/ly speak+1 z long z my :ole face4--,addison4 ,"h ! mean+ may be1 ,i1 mode/ly speak+1 say4 ,s ( ! foll[+ examples3 ,prop]ly speak+1 !re is no su* ?+ z *ance4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,because1 g5]ally speak+1 ! figurative s5se ( a ^w is d]iv$ f its prop] s5se4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aij4 ,b1 admitt+ t two or ?ree ( ^! (f5d less 9 _! morals ?an 9 _! writ+s1 mu/ pov]ty make nons5se sacr$8--,pope's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #g4 ,"s gramm>ians suppose su* p>ticiples to be put absolute 9 !mselves1 s z to h no ref]5ce to any n\n or pron\n2 o!rs1 among :om are ,l4 ,murray & ,dr4 ,james ,p4 ,wilson1 suppose !m to be put absolute ) a pron\n und]/ood4 ,on ! =m] supposition1 !y =m an o!r exception to ! =ego+ rule2 on ! latt]1 !y d n3 ! p>ticiple relates to ! pron\n1 ?\gh bo? be indep5d5t ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,if we supply ! ellipsis z above1 !re is no?+ put absolute4 ,,obs4 #e4--,p>ticiples are almo/ always plac$ aft] ! words on :i* _! con/ruction dep5ds1 & are di/+ui%$ f adjectives by ?is position2 b :5 o!r words dep5d on ! p>ticiple1 or :5 sev]al p>ticiples h ! same con/ruction1 ! :ole phrase may come be=e ! n\n or pron\n3 z1 ,lean+ my head ^u my h&1 ,i began to figure to myself ! mis]ies ( conf9em5t4--,/]ne4 ,immur$ 9 cypress %ades1 a sorc]] dwells4--,milton4 ,brib'd1 b\ght1 & b\nd1 !y bani% %ame & fe>2 ,tell y !y're /an*1 & h a s\l s9c]e4--,crabbe4 ,,obs4 #f4--,:5 p>ticiples are comp\nd$ ) some?+ t does n belong to ! v]b1 !y become adjectives2 &1 z su*1 !y _c gov]n an object aft] !m4 ,! foll[+ con/ruction is !re=e inaccurate3 ,:5 ,caius did any ?+ unbecom+ 8 dignity4--,jones's ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 i1 #hg4 ,co/ly & gaudy attire1 unbecom+ godl9ess4--,extracts1 p4 #ahe4 ,su* errors are to be correct$ by ,note #ae? to ,rule #i?1 or by *ang+ ! p>ticle un to n3 z1 ,unbecom+ to 8 dignity2 or1 ,n becom+ 8 dignity4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,an imp]fect or a prep]fect p>ticiple1 prec$$ by an article1 an adjective1 or a n\n or pron\n ( ! possessive case1 becomes a v]bal or p>ticipial n\n2 &1 z su*1 x _c ) /rict propriety1 gov]n an object aft] x4 ,a ^w :i* may be ! object ( ! p>ticiple 9 its prop] con/ruction1 requires ! preposition (1 to connect x ) ! v]bal n\n2 z1 #a4 ,,! ,,p>ticiple3 ,wor%ip+ idols1 ! ,jews s9n$4--,?us wor%ip+ idols1--,9 wor%ip+ idols1--or1 ,by wor%ip+ idols1 !y s9n$4 #b4 ,,! ,,v]bal ,,n\n3 ,! wor%ip+ ( idols1--,su* wor%ip+ ( idols1--or1 ,_! wor%ip+ ( idols1 0 s9ful4--,9 ! wor%ip+ ( idols1 !re is s94 ,,obs4 #h4--;,x is commonly suppos$ t ^! two modes ( expression are1 9 v _m in/ances1 equival5t to ea* o!r 9 mean+1 & consequ5tly int]*angeable4 ,h[ f> !y really are s1 is a "q to be consid]$4 ,example3 ,b if c&\r be a conf\nd+ ( ! di/9ctions betwe5 s9 & hol9ess1 a depreciat+ ( ! excell5ce ( ! latt]1 & at ! same "t a dim9i%+ ( ! evil ( ! =m]2 !n x mu/ be some?+ op5ly at v>iance ) ! lett] & ! _s ( revelation4--,! ,fri5d1 iv1 #ajh4 ,"h ! n\ns1 di/9ctions1 excell5ce1 & evil1 ?\gh gov]n$ by (1 repres5t ! objects ( ! =5am$ actions2 & !re=e !y might well be gov]n$ by conf\nd+1 depreciat+1 & dim9i%+1 if ^! 7 p>ticiples4 ,b if1 to make !m su*1 we remove ! article & ! preposition1 ! con/ruction =sakes our mean+2 = be conf\nd+1 7be7 depreciat+1 & 7be7 dim9i%+1 seem r to be v]bs ( ! comp\nd =m2 & our unc]ta9 nom9atives aft] be1 ?us disappe> 9 ! %ad[ ( a false s5se4 ,b "s s5sible critics tell u1 t ?is preposition ( %\ld ref] r to ! ag5t ( ! prec$+ action1 ?an to its passive object2 s t su* a phrase z1 ! tea*+ ( boys1 %\ld signify r ! in/ruction :i* boys give1 ?an t :i* !y receive4 ,if1 = ! sake ( ?is pr9ciple1 or = any o!r reason1 we wi% to avoid ! =ego+ phraseology1 ! mean+ may be express$ ?us3 ,b if y\r c&\r conf\nd ! di/9ctions betwe5 s9 & hol9ess2 if x depreciate ! excell5ce ( ! latt]1 & at ! same "t dim9i% ! evil ( ! =m]2 !n x mu/ be some?+ op5ly at v>iance ) ! lett] & ! _s ( revelation4 ,,obs4 #i4--,:5 ! use ( ! preposition produces ambiguity or h>%ness1 let a bett] expression be s\ght4 ,?us ! s5t5ce1 ,he m5tions ,newton's writ+ ( a comm5t>y1 is n entirely free f ei!r ( ^! faults4 ,if ! preposition be omitt$1 ! ^w writ+ w h a d\ble con/ruction1 :i* is inadmissible1 or at lea/ objectionable4 ,"s w\ld say1 ,he m5tions ,newton writ+ a comm5t>y4 ,?is1 ?\gh n uncommon1 is /ill m objectionable because x makes ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se ! adjunct 9 con/ruction4 ,! mean+ may be correctly express$ ?us3 ,he m5tions t ,newton wrote a comm5t>y4 ,mr4 ,dryd5 makes a v h&some obs]vation on ,ovid's writ+ a lett] f ,dido to neas4--,spect41 ,no4 #fb2 ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bfe2 ,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bec4 ,"h ! ^w writ+ is p>tly a n\n & p>tly a p>ticiple4 ,if we make x :olly a n\n1 by say+1 on ,ovid's writ+ ( a lett]1 or :olly a p>ticiple1 by say+1 on ,ovid writ+ a lett]2 x may be d\bt$1 :e!r we h effect$ any improvem5t4 ,& aga91 if we adopt ,dr4 ,l[?'s advice1 ,let x be ei!r ! "o or ! o!r1 & abide by its prop] con/ruction2 we mu/ make "s *ange2 & !re=e ought p]haps to say2 on ,ovid's conceit ( writ+ a lett] f ,dido to neas4 ,?is is app>5tly :at ,addison meant1 & :at ,dryd5 rem>k$ ^u2 ! latt] did n speak ( ! lett] itself1 else ! =m] w\ld h said1 on ,ovid's lett] f ,dido to neas4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,:5 a ne$less possessive1 or a ne$less article1 is put be=e ! p>ticiple1 ! correction is to be made1 n by ins]t+ (1 b by expung+ ! article1 accord+ to ,note #af? to ,rule #a/1 or ! possessive1 accord+ to ,note #e? to ,rule #d?4 ,example3 ,by 8 /udy+ ! ,scriptures he became wise4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,"h 8 s]ves only to r5d] ! s5t5ce incorrect2 yet ?is spuri\s example is pres5t$ by ,l5nie to prove t a p>ticiple may take ! possessive case be=e x1 :5 ! preposition ( is n admissible aft] x4 ,s1 9 /ead ( expung+ "o useless ^w1 our gramm>ians (t5 add an o!r & call ! tw(old error a correction2 z1 ,= 8 avoid+ ( t precipice1 he is indebt$ to 8 fri5d's c>e4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bja4 ,or worse yet3 ,x 0 f our misund]/&+ ( ! directions t we lo/ our way4--,ibid4 ,"h1 n our & ( only1 b f\r o!r words1 are worse ?an useless4 ,aga93 ,by ! ex]cis+ ( our judgm5t1 x is improv$4 ,or ?us3 ,by ex]cis+ our judgm5t1 x is improv$4--,comly's ,key 9 8 ,gram41 #ab? ,ed41 p4 #ahh4 ,ea* ( ^! pret5d$ corrections is wrong 9 m respects ?an "o4 ,say1 ,by ex]cis+ our judgem5t1 we improve x ,or1 ,our judgem5t is improv$ by be+ ex]cis$ ,aga93 ,! lov+ ( our enemies is a div9e comm&2 ,or1 lov+ our enemies is a div9e comm&4--,ibid4 ,bo? ( ^! are also wrong4 ,say1 ',love y\r enemies1' is a div9e comm&4 ,or1 ,we are div9ely comm&$ to love our enemies4 ,"s are apt to jumble toge!r ! active voice & ! passive1 & ?us de/roy ! unity ev5 ( a %ort s5t5ce2 z1 ,by ex]cis+ our memories1 !y are improv$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bbf & #aie4 ,! error might h be5 avoid$ by repeat+ ! sub/antive4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,by admitt+ su* violations ( e/abli%$ grammatical di/9ctions1 confusion w\ld be introduc$4--,ib41 p4 #ahg4 ,9 ^! in/ances1 we h an active p>ticiple )\t an ag5t2 & ?is1 by ! preposition by1 is made an adjunct to a passive v]b4 ,ev5 ! p>ticipial n\n ( ?is =m1 ?\gh x actually drops ! di/9ction ( voice1 is awkw>d & app>5tly incongru\s 9 su* a relation4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,:5 ! v]bal n\n necess>ily reta9s any adjunct ( ! v]b or p>ticiple1 x seems prop] t ! two words be made a comp\nd by means ( ! hyph53 z1 ,_! hope %all be z ! giv+-up ( ! gho/4--,job1 xi1 #bj4 ,= if ! ca/+-away ( !m be ! reconcil+ ( ! _w4--,rom41 xi1 #ae4 ,& ! ga!r+-toge!r ( ! wat]s call$ he seas4--,g541 i1 #aj4 ,if he %\ld (f] to /op ! runn+s-out ( 8 ju/ice4--,law & ,grace1 p4 #bf4 ,! /opp+-%ort be=e ! usual pause 9 ! melody1 aids ! impression t is made by ! description ( ! /one's /opp+-%ort4'--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ajf4 ,i d n f9d ^! words unit$ 9 ! places ref]r$ to1 b ?is is nev]!less _! true figure4 ,our au?ors & pr9t]s are lam5tably c>eless1 z well z ignorant1 respect+ ! figure ( words3 = :i* "p ( gramm>1 see ! :ole ( ! ?ird *apt]1 9 ,"p ,fir/ ( ?is "w2 also obs]vations on ! f\r? rule ( syntax1 f ! #cj? to ! #ce?4 ,z c]ta9 o!r comp\nds may sometimes be brok5 by tmesis1 s may "s ( ^!2 z1 ,n =sak+ ! assembl+ ( ourselves toge!r1 z ! mann] ( "s is4--,heb41 x1 #bc4 ,adv]bs may relate to p>ticiples1 b n\ns require adjectives4 ,! foll[+ phrase is !re=e inaccurate3 ,= ! m easily read+ ( l>ge numb]s4 ,yet if we say1 ,= read+ l>ge numb]s ! m easily1 ! con/ruction is diff]5t1 & n inaccurate4 ,"s calculator1 ,i ?9k1 has x1 ,= ! m easily read+ l>ge numb]s4 ,b ,hutton says1 ,= ! m easy read+ ( l>ge numb]s4--,hutton's ,ari?41 p4 #e2 s ,babcock's1 p4 #ab4 ,x w\ld be q z well to say1 ,= ! great] ease 9 read+ l>ge numb]s4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,_m words ( a p>ticipial =m are us$ directly z n\ns1 )\t any article1 adjective1 or possessive case be=e !m1 & )\t any object or adjunct aft] !m4 ,su* is commonly ! con/ruction ( ! words spell+1 read+1 writ+1 ciph]+1 survey+1 draw+1 p>s+1 & _m o!r su* names ( actions or ex]cises4 ,!y are rightly put by ,johnson among n\ns d]iv$ f v]bs2 =1 ,! "n ( ! action is ! same ) ! p>ticiple pres5t1 z lov+1 fright+1 fight+1 /rik+4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,?us3 ,i l writ+4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,he suppos$1 ) !m1 t affirm+ & d5y+ 7 op]ations ( ! m9d4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 i1 #ce4 ',n r5d]+1' said ,polyc>p ! disciple ( ,john1 'evil = evil1 or rail+ = rail+1 or /rik+ = /rik+1 or curs+ = curs+4--,dymond1 on ,w>4 ,aga9/ ?is practice1 !re is seldom any objection2 ! words are :olly n\ns1 bo? 9 s5se & con/ruction4 ,we call !m p>ticipial n\ns1 only because !y resemble p>ticiples 9 _! d]ivation2 or if we call !m v]bal n\ns1 x is because !y are d]iv$ f v]bs4 ,b we too frequ5tly f9d ^? :i* reta9 ! gov]nm5t & ! adjuncts ( p>ticiples1 us$ z n\ns be=e or aft] v]bs2 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 us$ z mongrels & nondescripts1 a d\btful species1 = :i* !re is seldom any necessity1 s9ce ! inf9itive1 ! v]bal or "s o!r n\n1 or a clause introduc$ by ! conjunction t1 w g5]ally express ! idea 9 a bett] mann]3 z1 ,excit+ su* di/urbances1 is unlawful4 ,say r1 ,to excite su* di/urbances1--,! excit+ ( su* di/urbances1--,! excitation ( su* di/urbances1--or1 ,t "o %\ld excite su* di/urbances1 is unlawful4 ,,obs4 #ac4--,murray says1 ,! ^w !1 be=e ! active p>ticiple1 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 & 9 all o!rs ( a simil> con/ruction1 is improp]1 & %\ld be omitt$3 ',! advis+1 or ! attempt+1 to excite su* di/urbances1 is unlawful4' ,x %\ld be1 ',advis+ or attempt+ to excite di/urbances4'--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aie4 ,b1 by 8 own %[+1 ! pres5t p>ticiple1 ) ! def9ite article ! be=e x1 becomes a sub/antive4--,ib41 p4 #aib4 ,& sub/antives1 or n\ns1 by an o!r ( 8 notes1 c gov]n ! inf9itive mood1 j z well z p>ticiples2 or j z well z ! v]bs :i* he ?9ks w\ld be v prop] "h2 namely1 ,to advise or attempt to excite su* di/urbances4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,x w\ld be "r to say1 ,any advice1 or attempt1 to excite su* di/urbances1 is unlawful4 ,& ,i see n t he has improv$ ! text at all1 by expung+ ! article4 ,advis+ & attempt+1 be+ disjunct nom9atives to is1 are no?+ b n\ns1 :e!r ! article be us$ or n2 ?\gh !y are r less obvi\sly su* )\t x1 & !re=e ! *ange is = ! worse4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,l5nie obs]ves1 ,:5 a preposition--7he %\ld h said1 ,:5 an o!r preposition--7 foll[s ! p>ticiple1 ( is inadmissible2 z1 ,8 dep5d+ on promises prov$ 8 ru94 ,8 neglect+ to /udy :5 "y1 r5d]$ him ignorant all 8 life4--,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 #e? ,ed41 p4 #fe2 #ac? ,ed41 #ia4 ,"h on & to1 ( c\rse1 exclude (2 b ! latt] may be *ang$ to (1 :i* w turn ! inf9itive into a n\n3 z1 ,8 neglect+ ( /udy1 c4 ,dep5d+ & neglect+1 be+ equival5t to dep5d5ce & neglect1 are p>ticipial n\ns1 & n p>ticiples4 ,pr(essor ,bullions1 too1 has ! same faulty rem>k1 examples & all2 7= 8 book1 ( ! same title1 is little else ?an a gross plagi>ism f ,l5nie's27 ?\gh he "h =gets 8 o!r errone\s doctr9es1 t1 ,a preposition %\ld nev] be us$ be=e ! inf9itive1 & t1 ,active v]bs d n admit a preposition aft] !m4 ,see ,bullions's ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 pp4 #ia1 #ib1 & #ajg4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,! p>ticiple 9 + is1 on _m occasions1 equival5t to ! inf9itive v]b1 s t ! speak] or writ] may adopt ei!r1 j z he pleases3 z1 ,s _! g]unds are sometimes f\nd hav+ or to h an absolute or app>5tly neut] signification4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bcd4 ,) te>s t ceas'd n fl[+ or to fl[4--,milton4 ,i w\ld will+ly h him produc+ produce1 or to produce 8 cr$5tials4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #bgc4 ,!re are also in/ances1 & accord+ to my notion n a few1 9 :i* ! "o is put improp]ly = ! o!r4 ,! p>ticiple h[ev] is errone\sly us$ = ! inf9itive mu* (t5] ?an ! inf9itive = ! p>ticiple4 ,! lawful uses ( bo? are exce$+ly num]\s2 ?\gh ! syntax ( ! p>ticiple1 /rictly speak+1 does n include its v>i\s conv]sions into o!r p>ts ( spee*4 ,! pr9cipal in/ances ( regul> equival5ce betwe5 inf9itives & p>ticiples1 may be r$uc$ to ! foll[+ heads3 #a4 ,aft] ! v]bs see1 he>1 & feel1 ! p>ticiple 9 +1 relat+ to ! objective1 is (t5 equival5t to ! inf9itive gov]n$ by ! v]b2 z1 ,i saw him runn+--,i he>d x h[l+4--,w4 ,all54 ,i feel ! w9d bl[+4 ,"h ! v]bs1 run1 h[l1 & bl[1 might be sub/itut$4 #b4 ,aft] intransitive v]bs signify+ to beg9 or to cont9ue1 ! p>ticiple 9 +1 relat+ to ! nom9ative1 may be us$ 9 /ead ( ! inf9itive connect$ to ! v]b2 z1 ,! ass began gallop+ ) all 8 might4--,s&=d & ,m]ton4 ,x comm5c$ ra9+ v h>d4--,silliman4 ,! /eamboats comm5c$ runn+ on ,saturday4--,daily ,adv]tis]4 ,x is n[ above ?ree ye>s s9ce he began pr9t+4--,dr4 ,adam's ,pref4 to ,rom4 ,antiq4 ,s :5 !y cont9u$ ask+ him4--,john1 viii1 #g4 ,greek1 ,greek3 ,os epem5on erotontes auton4 ,lat91 ,cum ergo p]sev]>5t int]rogantes eum4--,vulgate4 ,cm autem p]sev]>5t eum int]rog>e4--,beza4 ,!n %all ye cont9ue foll[+ ! ,"l y\r ,god4--#a ,sam41 xii1 #ad4 ,eritis sequ5tes ,dom9um ,deum ve/rum4--,vulgate4 ,z %e cont9u$ pray+ be=e ! ,"l4--#a ,sam41 i1 #ab4 ,cm ilia multiplic>et preces coram ,dom9o4--,vulgate4 ,& !y w5t on beat+ d[n "o an o!r4--#b ,sam41 xiv1 #af4 ,make ! memb]s ( !m g on ris+ & gr[+ 9 _! importance4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aaf4 ,:y d y keep teas+ me8 #c4 ,aft] =1 91 (1 or to1 & p]haps "s o!r prepositions1 ! p>ticiple may 9 mo/ cases be v>i$ by ! inf9itive1 :i* is gov]n$ by to only2 z1 ,we are bett] fitt$ = receiv+ ! t5ets & obey+ ! precepts ( t fai? :i* w make u wise unto salvation4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #ea4 ,t is--to receive ! t5ets & obey ! precepts4 ,m5 fit = fight+1 practis$ 9 fight+1 pr\d ( fight+1 accu/om$ to fight+4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,t is1 fit to fight1 c4 ,:at is ! "r pa?1 few take ! tr\ble ( inquir+4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo4 ii1 #bce4 ,bett]1 p]haps3--few take ! tr\ble to inquire4 ,,obs4 #af4--,"o ( our be/ gramm>ians says1 ,! inf9itive1 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 %\ld be ex*ang$ = ! p>ticiple3 ',i am we>y to be> !m4' ,is4 i1 #ad4 ',ha/ ?\1 _s1 p]=m'd to po9t ! tempe/8' ,%ak4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,?is sugge/ion implies1 t ! p>ticiple w\ld be "h n only equival5t to ! inf9itive 9 s5se1 b bett] 9 expression4 ,x is true1 ! preposition to does n well express ! relation betwe5 we>y & be>2 &1 d\btless1 "s reg>d %\ld be _h to ! mean+ ( ?is p>ticle1 :5ev] x is any ?+ m ?an an index ( ! mood4 ,b ! critic ought to h told u h[ he w\ld make ^! corrections4 ,= 9 nei!r case does ! p>ticiple alone appe> to be a fit sub/itute = ! inf9itive1 ei!r ) or )\t ! to2 & ! latt] text w sc>cely be> ! p>ticiple at all1 unless we *ange ! =m] v]b2 z1 ,ha/ ?\1 _s1 done po9t+ ! tempe/8 ,! true mean+ ( ! o!r example seems some:at unc]ta94 ,! ,vulgate has x1 ,laboravi su/95s1 ,i h lab\r$ be>+ !m2 ! ,fr5* ,bible1 ,je suis las de les s\ffrir1 ,i am tir$ ( be>+ !m2 ! ,septuag9t1 ,greek3 ,ouketi ans tas ham>tias humon1 ,i w no m =give y\r s9s4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,9 ! foll[+ text1 ! inf9itive is us$ improp]ly1 nor w\ld ! p>ticiple 9 its /ead make pure ,engli%3 ,i w n reprove !e = ?y sacrifices or ?y burnt-(f]+s1 to h be5 cont9ually be=e me4--,ps4 #a4 #h4 ,accord+ to ! ,fr5* v]sion1 to h be5 %\ld be :i* are2 b ! ,septuag9t & ! ,vulgate take ! prec$+ n\n = ! nom9ative1 ?us3 ,i w n reprove !e = ?y sacrifices1 b ?y burnt-(f]+s are cont9ually be=e me4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,z ! preposition to be=e ! inf9itive %[s ! latt] to be t t[>ds :i* ! prec$+ v]b is direct$1 v]bs ( desi/+1 omitt+1 prev5t+1 & avoid+1 are g5]ally f\nd to take ! p>ticiple aft] !m1 & n ! inf9itive2 because1 9 su* in/ances1 ! direction ( ef=t seems n to be s prop]ly to1 or t[>ds1 z f ! action4#dai ,:]e ! preposition f is ins]t$1 7z x mo/ commonly is1 aft] "s ( ^! v]bs47 !re is no irregul>ity 9 ! con/ruction ( ! p>ticiple2 b :]e ! p>ticiple imm$iately foll[s ! v]b1 x is p]haps que/ionable :e!r x ought to be consid]$ ! object ( ! v]b1 or a m]e p>ticiple relat+ to ! nom9ative :i* prec$es4 ,if we suppose ! latt]1 ! p>ticiple may be p>s$ by ! common rule2 if ! =m]1 x mu/ be ref]r$ to ! ?ird exception above4 ,= example3 #a4 ,aft] v]bs ( ,,desi/+2 z1 ,! ,cry] us$ to proclaim1 ,,dix]unt1 i4 e4 ,!y h done speak+4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #acb4 ,a fri5d is advis$ to put (f mak+ love to ,lalage4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #ddf4 ,he =bore do+ s1 on ! gr\nd ( exp$i5cy4--,! ,fri5d1 iv1 #ce4 ,& yet ar*itects nev] give ov] attempt+ to reconcile ^! two incompatibles4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cch4 ,nev] to give ov] seek+ & pray+ = x4--,n4 ,y4 ,obs]v]4 ,d n leave (f seek+4--,presid5t ,edw>ds4 ,!n ,satan ha? done flatt]+ & com=t+4--,baxt]4 ,! pr9ces refra9$ talk+4--,job1 xxix1 #i4 ,pr9cipes cessabant loqui4--,vulgate4 ,"h x w\ld be bett] to say1 ,! pr9ces refra9$ f talk+4 ,b ,murray says1 ,f seems to be sup]flu\s aft] =be>3 z1 ',he c\ld n =be> f appo9t+ ! pope1' c4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bjc4 ,b =be> to appo9t w\ld be a bett] correction2 = ?is v]b is (t5 foll[$ by ! inf9itive2 z1 ,=be> to ins9uate4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #fb4 ,& he =b>e to g =?4--#a ,sam41 xxiii1 #ac4 ,! read] w obs]ve1 t1 nev] to give ov] or n to leave (f1 is 9 fact ! same ?+ z to cont9ue2 & ,i h %[n by ! analogy ( o!r languages1 t aft] v]bs ( cont9u+ ! p>ticiple is n an object ( gov]nm5t2 ?\gh possibly x may be s1 9 ^! in/ances1 :i* are some:at diff]5t4 #b4 ,aft] v]bs ( ,,omitt+2 z1 ,he omits giv+ an acc\nt ( !m4--,tooke's ,div]sions ( ,purley1 i1 #bea4 ,i "q ! propriety ( ?is con/ruction2 & yet1 omits to give seems /ill m objectionable4 ,bett]1 ,he omits all acc\nt ( !m4 ,or1 ,he neglects to give1 or =be>s to give1 any acc\nt ( !m4 ,l4 ,murray twice speaks ( apologiz+1 = ! use he has made ( 8 pr$ecessors' lab\rs1 & = omitt+ to ins]t _! names4--,octavo ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 vii2 & ,note1 p4 #gc4 ,! phrase1 omitt+ to ins]t1 appe>s to me a d[nright solecism2 & ! pron\n _! is ambigu\s1 because !re are well-kn[n names bo? = ! m5 & = _! lab\rs1 & he ought n to h omitt$ ei!r species :olly1 z he did4 ,yet !y absolutely refuse do+ s1 "o ) ano!r4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bfd4 ,bett]1 refuse to d s4 ,i _h z repeat$ly decl9$ go+4--,leigh ,hunt's ,byron1 p4 #ae4 #c4 ,aft] v]bs ( ,,prev5t+2 z1 ,our sex are happily prev5t$ f engag+ 9 ^! turbul5t sc5es4--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,lady1 p4 #gd4 ,to prev5t our frail natures f deviat+ into bye pa?s write by-pa?s ( error4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,prud5ce1 prev5ts our speak+ or act+ improp]ly4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ii2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cjc2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #gb4 ,?is con/ruction1 ?\gh v common1 is palpably wrong3 because its mo/ natural int]pretation is1 ,prud5ce improp]ly prev5ts our spee* or action4 ,^! critics ought to h kn[n en\gh to say1 ,prud5ce prev5ts u f speak+ or act+ improp]ly4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 do? n h9d] pronunciation to borr[ f s++4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #gj4 ,"h ! inf9itive is us$1 m]ely because x does n s\nd well to say1 f borr[+ f s++2 b ! expression might v well be *ang$ ?us1 f be+ indebt$ to s++4 ',?is by no means h9d]s ! book to be a useful "o4'--,g$des4 ,x %\ld be1 'f be+4'--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cah4 #d4 ,aft] v]bs ( ,,avoid+3 z1 ,he might h avoid$ treat+ ( ! orig9 ( ideas4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 i1 #bh4 ,we may avoid talk+ nons5se on ^! subjects4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bha4 ,b c>efully avoid be+ at any "t o/5tati\s & affect$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bcc4 ,"h ,i _c avoid m5tion+#dbj ! assi/ance ,i h receiv$4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 iv4 ,x is our duty to avoid lead+ o!rs into temptation1--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #cc4 ,nay1 su* a g>d5 %\ld 9 "s measure avoid imitat+ nature4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bea4 ,i c promise no ent]ta9m5t to ^? :o %un ?9k+4--,ib41 i1 #cf4 ,we _c help be+ ( op9ion4--,,encyc4 ,,brit4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,i _c help be+ ( op9ion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #caa4 ,i _c help m5tion+ "h "o "* m4--,hughes4 ,spect41 ,no4 #eed4 ,^! w\ld sometimes v n>r[ly miss be+ cat*$ away4--,/eele4 ,c>leton v n>r[ly escap$ be+ tak54--,grim%aw's ,hi/41 p4 #aaa4 ,bett]1 escap$ f be+ tak52--or1 escap$ capture4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,9 s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 ! p>ticiple seems to be improp]ly made ! object ( ! v]b3 ,i int5d do+ x4--,i rememb] meet+ him4 ,bett]1 ,i int5d to d x4--,i rememb] to h met him4 ,accord+ to my notion1 x is an error to suppose t v]bs 9 g5]al may gov]n p>ticiples4 ,if !re are any prop] in/ances ( su* gov]nm5t1 !y w\ld seem to be *iefly among v]bs ( quitt+ or avoid+4 ,& ev5 "h ! analogy ( ,g5]al ,gramm> gives c\nt5ance to a diff]5t solution2 z1 ,!y left beat+ ( ,paul4--,acts1 xxi1 #cb4 ,bett]1 ,!y left beat+ ,paul2--or1 ,!y quit beat+ ,paul4 ,greek1 ,greek3 ,epausanto tuptontes ton ,paulon4 ,lat91 ,cessav]unt p]cuti5tes ,paulum4--,montanus4 ,cess>unt co$]e ,paulum4--,beza4 ,cessav]unt p]cut]e ,paulum4--,vulgate4 ,x is true1 ! ,engli% p>ticiple 9 + diff]s 9 "s respects f t :i* usually corresponds to x 9 ,lat9 or ,greek2 x has m ( a sub/antive "*1 & is commonly put = ! ,lat9 g]und4 ,if ?is diff]5ce does n de/roy ! argum5t f analogy1 ! op9ion is /ill j1 t left & quit are "h intransitive1 & t ! p>ticiple beat+ relates to ! pron\n !y4 ,su* is unequivocally ! con/ruction ( ! ,greek text1 & also ( ! lit]al ,lat9 ( ,arias ,montanus4 ,b1 to ! m]e ,engli% gramm>ian1 ?is me?od ( p>s+ w n be apt to sugge/ itself3 because1 at fir/ sight1 ! v]bs appe> to be transitive1 & ! p>ticiple 9 + has no?+ to prove x an adjunct ( ! nom9ative1 & n ! object ( ! v]b--unless1 inde$1 ! m]e fact t x is a p>ticiple1 is pro( ( ?is4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,our great ,compil]1 ,murray1 n und]/&+ ?is con/ruction1 or n obs]v+ :at v]bs admit ( x1 or require x1 has v unskillfully laid x d[n z a rule1 t1 ,! p>ticiple ) its adjuncts1 may be consid]$ z a sub/antive phrase 9 ! objective case1 gov]n$ by ! preposition or v]b1 express$ or und]/ood3 z1 ',by promis+ mu* & p]=m+ b little1 we become despicable4' ',he /udi$ to avoid express+ himself too sev]ely4'--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aid4dba ,?is v popul> au?or seems nev] to h kn[n t p>ticiples1 z su*1 may be gov]n$ 9 ,engli% by prepositions4 ,& yet he knew1 & said1 t prepositions d n1 l articles & pron\ns1 conv]t ! p>ticiple itself into ! nature ( a sub/antive4--,ibid4 ,?is he av\*es 9 ! same brea? 9 :i* he gives t nature to a p>ticiple & its adv]b6 ,=1 by a false comma aft] mu*1 he cuts 8 fir/ sub/antive phrase absurdly 9 two2 & d\btless supposes a false ellipsis ( by be=e ! p>ticiple p]=m+4 ,( 8 me?od ( resolv+ ! second example1 "s notice has already be5 tak51 9 ,obs]vations #d? & #e? on ,rule #e?4 ,?\gh he pret5ds t ! :ole phrase is 9 ! objective case1 ! tru? is1 ! ass]tion grammatically affects ! fir/ ^w only2 :i* 9 "o aspect he reg>ds z a n\n1 & 9 an o!r z a p>ticiple3 :]eas he himself1 on ! prec$+ page1 _h adopt$ f ,l[? a diff]5t doctr9e1 & caution$ ! le>n] aga9/ treat+ words 9 +1 z if !y 7 ( an amphibi\s species1 p>tly n\ns & p>tly v]bs2 t is1 p>tly n\ns & p>tly p>ticiples2 =1 accord+ to ,murray1 ,l[?1 & _m o!rs1 p>ticiples are v]bs4 ,! t]m1 sub/antive phrase1 itself a solecism1 0 inv5t$ m]ely to cloak ?is o!rwise bald inconsi/5cy4 ,copy+ ,l[? aga91 ! great ,compil] def9es a phrase to be two or m words rightly put toge!r2 &1 surely1 if we h a well-dige/$ sy/em ( gramm>1 :atsoev] words are rightly put toge!r1 may be regul>ly p>s$ by x4 ,b h[ c "o indivisible ^w be consi/5tly made two diff]5t p>ts ( spee* at once8 ,& is n ?is ! situation ( e transitive p>ticiple t is made ei!r ! subject or ! object ( a v]b8 ,adjuncts nev] alt] ei!r ! nature or ! con/ruction ( ! words on :i* !y dep5d2 & p>ticipial n\ns diff] f p>ticiples 9 bo?4 ,! =m] express actions z ?+s2 ! latt] g5]ally attribute !m to _! ag5ts or recipi5ts4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,! ,lat9 g]und is a k9d ( v]bal n\n1 p>tak+ ( ! nature ( a p>ticiple4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,a g]und is a p>ticipial n\n1 ( ! neut] g5d]1 & s+ul>-numb]1 decl9able l a sub/antive1 hav+ no vocative1 con/ru$ l a sub/antive1 & gov]n+ ! case ( its v]b4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,9 ! ,lat9 g]und ?us def9$1 !re is an appe>ance ( anci5t classical au?ority = t amphibi\s species ( words ( :i* s mu* notice has already be5 tak54 ,our p>ticiple 9 +1 :5 gov]n$ by a preposition1 und\bt$ly corresponds v ne>ly1 bo? 9 s5se & con/ruction1 to ?is ,lat9 g]und2 ! pr9cipal diff]5ce be+1 t ! "o is decl9$1 l a n\n1 & ! o!r is n4 ,! analogy1 h[ev]1 is b lamely ma9ta9$1 :5 we come to ^? irregul> con/ructions 9 :i* ! p>ticiple is made a half-n\n 9 ,engli%4 ,x is true1 ! g]und ( ! nom9ative case may be made ! subject ( a v]b 9 ,lat92 b we d n translate x by ! ,engli% p>ticiple1 b r by ! inf9itive1 or /ill (t5] by ! v]b ) ! auxili>y mu/3 z1 ,viv5dum e/ mihi rect1 ,i mu/ live well4--,grant's ,l4 ,gram41 p4 #bcb4 ,?is is bett] ,engli% ?an ! ne>] v]sion1 ,liv+ correctly is necess>y = me2 & ! exact imitation1 ,liv+ is to me correctly1 is nons5se4 ,nor does ! ,lat9 g]und (t5 gov]n ! g5itive l a n\n1 or ev] /& z ! direct object ( a transitive v]b1 except 9 "s few d\btful in/ances ab\t :i* ! gramm>ians dispute4 ,=1 9 fact1 to expla9 ?is species ( words1 has puzzl$ ! ,lat9 gramm>ians ab\t z mu* z ! ,engli%2 ?\gh ! =m] d n appe> to h fall5 into ^? palpable self-contradictions :i* emb>rass ! in/ructions ( ! latt]4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,dr4 ,adam says1 ,! g]und 9 ,engli% becomes a sub/antive1 by prefix+ ! article to x1 & !n x is always to be con/ru$ ) ! preposition (2 z1 ',he is employ$ 9 writ+ lett]s1' or1 '9 ! writ+ ( lett]s3' b x is improp] to say1 '9 ! writ+ lett]s1' or1 '9 writ+ ( lett]s4'--,lat9 & ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ahd4 ,?is doctr9e is also taught by ,l[?1 ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 ,comly1 ,*&l]1 & _m o!rs2 mo/ ( :om ext5d ! pr9ciple to all p>ticiples t gov]n ! possessive case2 & !y might z well h add$ all su* z are made ei!r ! subjects or ! objects ( v]bs1 & su* z are put = nom9atives aft] v]bs neut]4 ,b ,crombie1 ,all51 ,*ur*ill1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 ,hiley1 ,wells1 ,weld1 & "s o!rs1 tea* t p>ticiples may p]=m ^! sev]al (fices ( a sub/antive1 )\t dropp+ ! regim5 & adjuncts ( p>ticiples4 ,?is doctr9e1 too1 ,murray & 8 copyi/s absurdly endeav\r to reconcile ) ! o!r1 by resort+ to ! idle fiction ( sub/antive phrases endu$ ) all ^! p[]s3 z1 ,8 be+ at enmity ) ,cs> 0 ! cause ( p]petual discord4--,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bcg2 ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,ano!r fault is all[+ x to sup]s$e ! use ( a po9t4-- ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cgb4 ,to be sure !re is a possibility ( "s ignorant read]'s conf\nd+ ! two v[els 9 pronunciation4--,ib41 p4 #cge4 ,x is mu* bett] to avoid all su* ,engli% z ?is4 ,say1 r1 ,8 enmity ) ,cs> 0 ! cause ( p]petual discord4--,an o!r fault is ! all[+ ( x to sup]s$e ! use ( a po9t4--,to be sure1 !re is a possibility t "s ignorant read] may conf\nd ! two v[els1 9 pronunciation4 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,9 ,fr5*1 ! inf9itive is gov]n$ by sev]al diff]5t prepositions1 & ! g]undive by "o only1 ! preposition en1--:i*1 h[ev]1 is sometimes suppress$2 z1 en passant1 en faisant1--il alloit c\rant4--,trait des ,p>ticipes1 p4 #b4 ,9 ,engli%1 ! g]undive is gov]n$ by sev]al diff]5t prepositions1 & ! inf9itive by "o only1 ! preposition to1--:i*1 9 l mann]1 is sometimes suppress$2 z1 to pass1 to d1--,i saw him run4 ,! difficulties 9 ! syntax ( ! ,fr5* p>ticiple 9 ant1 :i* corresponds to ours 9 +1 are app>5tly z great 9 !mselves1 z ^? :i* ! syntax ( ! ,engli% ^w pres5ts2 b !y result f entirely diff]5t causes1 & *iefly f ! liability !re is ( conf\nd+ ! p>ticiple ) ! v]bal adjective1 :i* is =m$ f x4 ,! conf\nd+ ( x ) ! g]undive is n[1 9 ei!r language1 ( little or no consequ5ce1 s9ce 9 mod]n ,fr5*1 z well z 9 ,engli%1 bo? are indecl9able4 ,= ?is reason1 ,i h fram$ ! syntactical rule = p>ticiples s z to include "u t "n ! g]und1 or g]undive1 :i* is a p>ticiple gov]n$ by a preposition4 ,! great difficulty ) u1 is1 to det]m9e :e!r ! p>ticiple ought1 or ought n1 to be all[$ to assume o!r *>act]i/ics ( a n\n1 )\t dropp+ ^? ( a p>ticiple1 & )\t becom+ :olly a n\n4 ,! liability ( conf\nd+ ! ,engli% p>ticiple ) ! v]bal or p>ticipial adjective1 am\nts to no?+ m ?an ! occasional misnam+ ( a ^w 9 p>s+2 or p]haps an occasional ambiguity 9 ! /yle ( "s writ]1 z 9 ! foll[+ citation3 ,i am resolv$1 'let ! newspap]s say :at !y please ( canvass+ beauties1 h>angu+ toa/s1 & mobb+ demireps1' n to believe "o syllable4--,jane ,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,"y ,lady1 p4 #gd4 ,f ^! words1 x is sc>cely possible to f9d out1 ev5 ) ! help ( ! context :e!r ^! ?ree sorts ( ladies are spok5 ( z ! canvass]s1 h>angu]s1 & mobb]s1 or z be+ canvass$1 h>angu$1 & mobb$4 ,if ! prolixity & multiplicity ( ^! obs]vations transc5d ! read]'s pati5ce1 let him consid] t ! que/ions at issue _c be settl$ by ! brief enunciation ( loose individual op9ions1 b mu/ be exam9$ 9 ! light ( all ! analogies & facts t be> ^u !m4 ,s consid]able are ! difficulties ( prop]ly di/+ui%+ ! p>ticiple f ! v]bal adjective 9 ,fr5*1 t t indefatigable gramm>ian1 ,girault ,du ,vivi]1 aft] complet+ 8 ,grammaire des ,grammaires 9 two l>ge octavo volumes1 ?\ght prop] to enl>ge 8 in/ructions on ?is head1 & to publi% !m 9 a sep>ate book1 7,trait des ,p>ticipes17 ?\gh we h x on 8 own au?ority1 t ! rule = p>ticiples _h already giv5 rise to a great] numb] ( diss]tations & p>ticul> treatises ?an any o!r po9t 9 ,fr5* gramm>4 ,,obs4 #bd4--;,a p>ticiple con/ru$ aft] ! nom9ative or ! objective case1 is n 9 g5]al equival5t to a v]bal n\n gov]n+ ! possessive4 ,!re is sometimes a nice di/9ction to be obs]v$ 9 ! application ( ^! two con/ructions4 ,= ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se1 %\ld n be made ! adjunct 9 con/ruction4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces exhibit a disreg>d to ?is pr9ciple1 & are bo? inaccurate3 ,he felt 8 /r5g?'s decl9+4--,he 0 s5sible ( 8 /r5g? decl9+4 ,9 ! =m] s5t5ce1 ! n\n /r5g? %\ld be 9 ! objective case1 gov]n$ by felt2 & 9 ! latt]1 x %\ld r be 9 ! possessive1 gov]n$ by decl9+4 ,?us3 ,he felt 8 /r5g? decl9+2 i4e41 felt x decl9e4--,he 0 s5sible ( 8 /r5g?'s decl9+2 i4e41 ( its decl9e4 ,^! two s5t5ces /ate ! same fact1 b1 9 con/ruction1 !y are v diff]5t2 nor does x appe>1 t :]e !re is no diff]5ce ( mean+1 ! two con/ructions are prop]ly int]*angeable4 ,?is po9t has already be5 briefly notic$ 9 ,obs4 #ab? & #ac? on ,rule #d?4 ,b ! false & discordant in/ructions :i* our gramm>ians deliv] respect+ possessives be=e p>ticiples2 _! /range neglect ( ?is pla9 pr9ciple ( reason1 t ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se ought to be made ! lead+ or gov]n+ ^w 9 ! con/ruction2 & ! difficulties :i* !y & o!r writ]s are cont9ually fall+ into1 by talk+ _! *oice betwe5 two errors1 9 /ead ( avoid+ bo?3 ^!1 z well z _! sugge/ions ( sam5ess or diff]5ce ( import betwe5 ! p>ticiple & ! p>ticipial n\n1 require "s f>!r ext5sion ( my obs]vations 9 ?is place4 ,,obs4 #be4--,^u ! classification ( words1 z p>ts ( spee*1 di/+ui%$ accord+ to _! natures & uses1 dep5ds ! :ole s*eme ( grammatical sci5ce4 ,& x is pla91 t a bad di/ribution1 or a conf\nd+ ( su* ?+s z ought to be sep>at$1 mu/ necess>ily be att5d$ ) inconv5i5ces to ! /ud5t1 = :i* no skill or le>n+ 9 ! exp\nd] ( su* a sy/em c ev] comp5sate4 ,! absurdity ( suppos+ ) ,horne ,tooke1 t ! same ^w c nev] be us$ s diff]5tly z to belong to diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 ,i h already allud$ to m ?an once4 ,! absolute necessity ( class+ words1 n accord+ to _! d]ivation m]ely1 b r accord+ to _! s5se & con/ruction1 is too evid5t to require any pro(4 ,yet1 diff]5t z are ! natures & ! uses ( v]bs1 p>ticiples1 & n\ns1 x is no uncommon ?+ to f9d ^! ?ree p>ts ( spee* conf\nd$ toge!r2 & t too to a v great ext5t1 & by "s ( our v be/ gramm>ians1 )\t ev5 an attempt on _! "p to di/+ui% !m4 ,= in/ances ( ?is gl>+ fault & p]plex+ inconsi/5cy1 ! read] may turn to ! books ( ,w4 ,all5 & ,t4 ,o4 ,*ur*ill1 two ( ! be/ au?ors t h ev] writt5 on ,engli% gramm>4 ,( ! p>ticiple ! latt] gives no =mal def9ition1 b he repres5ts x z a =m1 9 :i* ! action d5ot$ by ! v]b is capable ( be+ jo9$ to a n\n z its quality1 or accid5t4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,aga9 he says1 ,t ! p>ticiple is a m]e mode ( ! v]b is manife/1 if our def9ition ( a v]b be admitt$4--,ib41 p4 #bdb4 ,:ile he ?us id5tifies ! p>ticiple ) ! v]b1 ?is au?or scruples n to make :at he calls ! imp]fect p>ticiple p]=m all ! (fices ( a n\n3 say+1 ,frequ5tly too x is us$ z a n\n1 admits a preposition or an article be=e x1 becomes a plural by tak+ s at ! end1 & gov]ns a possessive case3 z1 ',he :o has ! com+s 9 ( a pr9ce1 may be ru9$ by 8 own gam+1 or 8 wife's squ&]+4'--,ib41 p4 #add4 ,! plural "h exhibit$1 if rightly writt51 w\ld h ! s1 n at ! end1 b 9 ! middle2 = com+s-91 7an obsolete expression = rev5ues17 is n two words1 b "o4 ,nor are gam+ & squ&]+1 to be "h call$ p>ticiples1 b n\ns4 ,yet1 among all 8 rules & annotations1 ,i d n f9d t ,*ur*ill any :]e tea*es t p>ticiples become n\ns :5 !y are us$ sub/antively4 ,! foll[+ example he exhibits = ! express purpose ( %[+ t ! nom9atives to is & may be are n n\ns1 b p>ticiples3 ,walk+ is ! be/ ex]cise1 ?\gh rid+ may be m pleasant4--,ib41 p4 #ada4 ,&1 :at is f> worse1 ?\gh 8 book is pr(ess$ly an amplification ( ,l[?'s brief gramm>1 he s completely annuls ! advice ( ,l[? conc]n+ ! di/+ui%+ ( p>ticiples f p>ticipial n\ns1 t he n only misnames ! latt] :5 !y are us$ correctly1 b approves & adopts well-nigh all ! v>i\s =ms ( error1 ) :i* ! mix$ & irregul> con/ruction ( p>ticiples has fill$ our language3 ( ^! =ms1 !re are1 ,i ?9k1 n few] ?an a doz54 ,,obs4 #bf4--;,all5's acc\nt ( ! p>ticiple is no bett] ?an ,*ur*ill's--& no worse ?an :at ! read] may f9d 9 _m an ,engli% ,gramm> n[ 9 use4 ,?is au?or's fault is n s mu* a lack ( le>n+ or ( compreh5sion1 z ( ord] & discrim9ation4 ,we see 9 him1 t x is possible = a man to be well acqua9t$ ) ,engli% au?ors1 anci5t z well z mod]n1 & to read ,greek & ,lat91 ,fr5* & ,saxon1 & yet to falt] mis]ably 9 describ+ ! nature & uses ( ! ,engli% p>ticiple4 ,l _m o!rs1 he does n ackn[l$ge ?is sort ( words to be "o ( ! p>ts ( spee*2 b comm5ces 8 acc\nt ( x by ! foll[+ absurdity3 ,! p>ticiples are adjectives d]iv$ f ! v]b2 z1 pursu+1 pursu$1 hav+ pursu$4--,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,?is def9ition n only conf\nds ! p>ticiple ) ! p>ticipial adjective1 b m]ges ! :ole ( ! =m] species 9 a "p ( spee* ( :i* he _h n ev5 recogniz$ ! latt] z a subdivision3 ,an adjective %[s ! quality ( a ?+4 ,adjectives may be r$uc$ to five classes3 #a4 ,common--#b4 ,prop]--#c4 ,num]al--#d4 ,pronom9al--#e4 ,comp\nd4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,n[1 if p>ticiples are adjectives1 to :i* ( ^! five classes d !y belong8 ,b !re are p>ticipial or v]bal adjectives1 v _m2 a six? class1 )\t :i* ?is di/ribution is false & incomplete3 z1 a lov+ fa!r2 an approv$ copy4 ,! p>ticiple diff]s f ^!1 z mu* z x does f a n\n4 ,b says our au?or1 ,p>ticiples1 z simple adjectives1 belong to a n\n2 z1 a lov+ fa!r2 an approv$ copy2--z p>ts ( ! v]b1 !y h ! same gov]nm5t z _! v]bs h2 z1 8 fa!r1 recall+ ! pleasures ( pa/ ye>s1 jo9$ _! p>ty4--,ib41 p4 #agj4 ,:at confusion is ?is6 a complete jumble ( adjectives1 p>ticiples1 & p>ts ( v]bs6 ,aga93 ,pres5t p>ticiples are (t5 con/ru$ z sub/antives2 z1 e>ly ris+ is conducive to heal?2 ,i l writ+2 we dep5d on see+ y4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,"h ris+ & writ+ are n\ns2 b see+ is a p>ticiple1 because x is active & gov]ns y1 ,comp>e ?is second jumble ) ! def9ition above4 ,aga9 he proce$s3 ,to p>ticiples ?us us$1 _m ( our be/ au?ors prefix ! article2 z1 ',! be+ *os5 did n prev5t disord]ly behavi\r4' ,bp4 ,toml9e4 ',! n kn[+ h[ to pass our vacant h\rs4' ,se$4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,^! examples ,i take to be bad ,engli%4 ,say r1 ,! /ate ( election did n prev5t disord]ly behavi\r4--,! want ( "s ent]ta9m5t = our vacant h\rs4 ,! au?or aga9 proce$s3 ,if a n\n limits ! mean+ ( a p>ticiple ?us us$1 t n\n is put 9 ! g5itive2 z1 y\r fa!r's com+ 0 unexect$4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,"h com+ is a n\n1 & no p>ticiple at all4 ,b ! au?or has a m>g9al note1 ,a possessive pron\n is equival5t to a g5itive2 7ibid427 & he means to approve ( possessives be=e active p>ticiples3 z1 ,"s ( ^! irregul>ities arise f our hav+ receiv$ ! words ?r\gh a ,fr5* m$ium4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,?is br+s u aga9 to t difficult & app>5tly unresolvable problem1 :e!r p>ticiples z su*1 by virtue ( _! mix$ g]undive "*1 c1 or _c1 gov]n ! possessive case2 a "q1 ab\t :i*1 ! m a man exam9es x1 ! m he may d\bt4 ,,obs4 #bg4--;,b1 be=e we say any ?+ m ab\t ! gov]nm5t ( ?is case1 let u look at our au?or's next p>agraph on p>ticiples3 ,an active p>ticiple1 prec$$ by an article or by a g5itive1 is elegantly foll[$ by ! preposition (1 be=e ! sub/antive :i* foll[s x2 z1 ! compil+ ( t book occupi$ sev]al ye>s2 8 quitt+ ( ! army 0 unexpect$4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,"h ! p>ticipial n\ns compil+ & quitt+ are improp]ly call$ active p>ticiples1 f :i* !y are c]ta9ly z fairly di/+ui%$ by ! con/ruction1 z !y c be by any means :atev]4 ,& ?is complete di/9ction ! au?or consid]s at lea/ an elegance1 if n an absolute requisite1 9 ,engli% composition4 ,& he imm$iately adds3 ,:5 ?is con/ruction produces ambiguity1 ! expression mu/ be v>i$4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,?is sugge/ion is left )\t illu/ration2 b x d\btless ref]s to "o ( ,murray's rem>ks1 9 :i* x is said3 ,a phrase 9 :i* ! article prec$es ! pres5t p>ticiple & ! possessive preposition foll[s x1 w n1 9 e in/ance1 convey ! same mean+ z w\ld be convey$ by ! p>ticiple )\t ! article & preposition4 ',he express$ ! pleasure he _h 9 ! he>+ ( ! philosoph]1' is capable ( a diff]5t s5se f1 ',he express$ ! pleasure he _h 9 he>+ ! philosoph]4'--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aic2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,gram41 #afa2 ,+]soll's1 #aii2 & o!rs4 ,"h may be se5 a manife/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! v]bal or p>ticipial n\n1 & ! p>ticiple or g]und2 b ,murray1 9 bo? in/ances1 absurdly calls ! ^w he>+ a pres5t p>ticiple2 &1 hav+ robb$ ! =m] s5t5ce ( a ne$ful comma1 /ill m absurdly supposes x ambigu\s3 :]eas ! phrase1 9 ! he>+ ( ! philosoph]1 means only1 9 ! philosoph]'s he>+2 & n1 9 he>+ ! philosoph]1 or1 9 he>+ ( ! philosoph]4 ,b ! true "q is1 w\ld x be "r to say1 ,he express$ ! pleasure he _h 9 ! philosoph]'s he>+ him8 ,= "h x w\ld be equivocal to say1 9 ! philosoph]'s he>+ ( him2 & "s av]1 t ( w\ld be wrong1 9 any su* in/ance1 ev5 if ! s5se 7 cle>4 ,b let u recur to ! mix$ example f ,all51 & comp>e x ) 8 own doctr9es4 ,to say1 f our hav+ receiv$ ( ! words ?r\gh a ,fr5* m$ium1 w\ld c]ta9ly be no elegance2 & if x be n an ambiguity1 x is some?+ worse4 ,! expression1 !n1 mu/ be v>i$4 ,b v>i$ h[8 ,is x "r )\t ! (1 ?\gh contr>y to ! au?or's rule = elegance8 ,,obs4 #bh4--,! obs]vations :i* h be5 made on ?is po9t1 "u ! rule = ! possessive case1 :ile !y %[1 to "s ext5t1 ! inconsi/5cies 9 doctr9e1 & ! improprieties ( practice1 into :i* ! difficulties ( ! mix$ p>ticiple h betray$ "s ( our pr9cipal gramm>ians1 br+ likewise ! weight ( mu* au?ority & reason aga9/ ! cu/om ( bl5d+ )\t di/9ction ! *>act]i/ics ( n\ns & p>ticiples 9 ! same ^w or words2 b /ill !y may n be ?\ght suffici5t to prove ?is cu/om to be altoge!r wrong2 nor d !y pret5d to h fully e/abli%$ ! dogma1 t su* a con/ruction is 9 no in/ance admissible4 ,!y %[1 h[ev]1 t possessives be=e p>ticiples are seldom to be approv$2 & p]haps1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ! mean+ might be q z well express$ by a common sub/antive1 or ! regul> p>ticipial n\n3 z1 ,"s ( ^! irregul>ities arise f our reception ( ! words--or our receiv+ ( ! words--?r\gh a ,fr5* m$ium4 ,b !re are "s examples :i* x is n easy to am5d1 ei!r 9 ?is way1 or 9 any o!r2 z1 ,! misc>riages ( y\? h v mu* proce$$ f _! be+ imprud5tly indulg$1 or left to !mselves4--,fri5ds' ,n4 ,e4 ,discipl9e1 p4 #ac4 ,& !re are in/ances too1 ( a simil> "*1 9 :i* ! possessive case _c be us$4 ,= example3 ,nobody w d\bt ( ?is be+ a suffici5t pro(4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ff4 ,b in/ead ( ?is be+ ! fact ( ! case1 c4--,butl]s ,analogy1 p4 #acg4 ,!re is express hi/orical or traditional evid5ce1 z anci5t z hi/ory1 ( ! sy/em ( religion be+ taught mank9d by revelation4--,ibid4 ,f ?+s 9 x appe>+ to m5 fooli%ness4--,ib41 p4 #age4 ,z to ! consi/5cy ( ! memb]s ( our society jo9+ !mselves to ^? call$ free-masons4--,n4 ,e4 ,discip41 p4 #ea4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! cases happ5+1 ! p]son *>g+ is at lib]ty to br+ ! matt] be=e ! *ur*1 :o are ! only judges n[ rema9+4--,ib41 p4 #cf2 ,extracts1 p4 #eg4 ,d]iv+ its efficacy f ! p[] ( ,god fulfill+ 8 purpose4--,religi\s ,_w1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bce4 ,we h no idea ( any c]ta9 portion ( "t int]v5+ betwe5 ! "t ( ! action & ! "t ( speak+ ( x4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #cc3 ,murray's1 i1 #gj2 ,emmons's1 #da2 & o!rs4 ,! foll[+ example !re=e1 h[ev] ! p>ticiple may seem to be ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se1 is unque/ionably wrong2 & t 9 m respects ?an "o3 ,! reason & "t ( ! ,son ( ,god's becom+ man4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 xxii4 ,_m writ]s w\ld "h be satisfi$ ) m]ely omitt+ ! possessive sign2 z does ,*ur*ill1 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,! *ief cause ( ?is appe>s to me to lie 9 gramm>ians hav+ consid]$ !m solely z ! signs ( t5se4--,new ,gram41 p4 #bdc4 ,b ?is sort ( con/ruction1 too1 :5ev] ! n\n be=e ! p>ticiple is n ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se1 is ungrammatical4 ,9 /ead1 !re=e1 ( /ickl+ = *oice betwe5 two su* errors1 we ought to adopt "s bett] expression2 z1 ,! reason & "t ( ! ,savi\r's inc>nation4--,! *ief cause ( ?is appe>s to me to be1 t gramm>ians h consid]$ !m solely z signs ( t5se4 ,,obs4 #bi4--;,x is c]ta9 t ! n\n or pron\n :i* limits ! mean+ ( a p>ticiple1 _c always be put 9 ! g5itive or possessive case2 = ! s5se int5d$ sometimes positively =bids su* a con/ruction1 & requires ! objective3 z1 ,a syllable consi/s ( "o or m lett]s =m+ "o s\nd4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,! ^w repres5t+ or d5ot+ w\ld "h be bett] ?an =m+1 because ! lett]s d n1 /rictly speak+1 =m ! s\nd4 ,b *iefly let x be notic$1 t ! ^w lett]s c\ld n ) any propriety h be5 put 9 ! possessive case4 ,nor is x always necess>y or prop]1 to pref] t case1 :]e ! s5se may be suppos$ to admit x2 z1 ',! example :i* ,mr4 ,sey] has adduc$1 ( ! g]und gov]n+ ! g5itive ( ! ag5t4' ,dr4 ,crombie4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bcg4 ,:i* possibly might h be5 prev5t$ by p>5ts do+ _! duty4--,n4 ,e4 ,discipl9e1 p4 #ahg4 ,z to ! seem+ contradiction ( ,"o be+ ,?ree1 & ,?ree ,"o4--,religi\s ,_w1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aac4 ,y h wat*$ !m climb+ f *air to *air4--,,pi]pont3 ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 x1 p4 #bb4 ,:e!r ! _w came into be+ z x is1 by an intellig5t ,ag5t =m+ x ?us1 or n4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #abi4 ,9 ! f>!r supposition ( necess>y ag5ts be+ ?us rew>d$ & puni%$4--,ib41 p4 #adj4 ,he griev\sly puni%$ ! ,israelites murmur+ = want ( wat]4--,leslie1 on ,ty!s1 p4 #ba4 ,"h too ! words1 g]und1 p>5ts1 ,"o1 ,?ree1 !m1 ,ag5t1 ag5ts1 & ,israelites1 are rightly put 9 ! objective case2 yet d\btless "s w ?9k1 ?\gh ,i d n1 t !y might z well h be5 put 9 ! possessive4 ,respectable writ]s sometimes use ! latt] case1 :]e ! =m] w\ld convey ! same mean+1 & be m regul>2 z1 ,:i* is us$1 z active v]bs (t5 are1 )\t its regim5's be+ express$4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #cjb4 ,omit ! apo/rophe & s2 &1 if y please1 ! ^w be+ also4 ,! daily in/ances ( m5's dy+ ar\nd u4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aac4 ,say r1--( m5 dy+ ar\nd u4 ,to prev5t our ra%ly engag+ 9 ardu\s or dang]\s ent]prises4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #ag4 ,say1 ,to prev5t u f1 c4 ,! foll[+ example is manife/ly inconsi/5t ) itself2 &1 9 my op9ion1 ! ?ree possessives are all wrong3 ,! kit*5 too n[ beg9s to give 'dreadful note ( prep>ation2' n f arm\r]s accompli%+ ! knights1 b f ! %op maid's *opp+ =ce meat1 ! appr5tice's clean+ knives1 & ! j\rneyman's receiv+ a practical lesson 9 ! art ( wait+ at table4--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,lady1 p4 #ff4 ,x %\ld be--n f armor]s accompli%+ ! knights1 b f ! %opmaid *opp+ =cemeat1 ! appr5tice clean+ knives1 & ! j\rneyman receiv+1 c4 ,! n\ns are ! pr9cipal words1 & ! p>ticiples are adjuncts4 ,!y might be sep>at$ by commas1 if semicolons 7 put :]e ! commas n[ are4 ,,obs4 #cj4--,our au?ors1 good & bad1 critics & no critics1 ) few exceptions1 write sometimes ! objective case be=e ! p>ticiple1 & sometimes ! possessive1 "u precisely ! same circum/ances2 z1 ,we %\ld1 pres5tly1 be s5sible ( ! melody suff]+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abb4 ,we %\ld1 pres5tly1 be s5sible ( ! melody's suff]+4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cbg4 ,we %all pres5tly be s5sible ( ! melody suff]+4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 #hvo1 p4 #fj4 ,we %all pres5tly be s5sible ( ! melody's suff]+4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aie4 ,& ,i expla9 :at is meant by ! nom9ative case gov]n+ ! v]b1 & by ! v]b agree+ ) its nom9ative case4--,r&'s ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,take ! v]b /udy1 & speak ( ,john's /udy+ 8 lesson1 at diff]5t times4--,ib41 p4 #ec4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( ! nom9ative case be+ us$ in/ead ( ! objective4--,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( an adv]b's qualify+ a :ole s5t5ce4--,ib41 p4 #abh4 ,:]e ! n\n is ! "n ( a p]son1 ! cases may also be di/+ui%$ by ! nom9ative's answ]+ to ,,:o1 & ! objective to ,,:om4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,?is dep5ds *iefly on _! be+ m or less emphatic2 & on ! v[el s\nd be+ long or %ort4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 ,:5 !y speak ( a monosyllable hav+ ! grave or ! acute acc5t4--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #cbh4 ,"h "s w\ld errone\sly pref] ! possessive case be=e hav+2 b1 if any am5dm5t c be effect$ x is only by ins]t+ z !re4 ,! ev5t ( ,m>ia's lov+ h] bro!r4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,betwe5 t & ! man be+ on x4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 ,! fact ( ,james plac+ himself4--,ib41 p4 #aff4 ,! ev5t ( ! p]sons' go+4--,ib41 p4 #afe4 ,"h p]sons' is c>elessly put = p]son's1 i4e41 ,james's3 ! au?or 0 p>s+ ! pu]ile text1 ,james w5t into a /ore & plac$ himself beside ,horatio4--,ib41 p4 #afd4 ,& ,i may obs]ve1 9 pass+1 t ,murray & ,blair are bo? wrong 9 us+ commas ) ! adv]b pres5tly above4 ,,obs4 #ca4--;,x w\ld be easy to fill a page ) in/ances ( ^! two cases1 ! objective & ! possessive1 us$1 z ,i may say1 indiscrim9ately2 nor is !re any o!r pr9ciple by :i* we c det]m9e :i* ( !m is "r1 or :i* pref]able1 ?an t ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se ought n to be made ! adjunct 9 ! con/ruction1 & t ! p>ticiple1 if x rema9 su*1 ought r to relate to its n\n1 z be+ ! adjunct1 ?an to gov]n x 9 ! possessive1 z be+ ! pr9cipal t]m4 ,to :at ext5t ei!r ( ^! cases may prop]ly be us$ be=e ! p>ticiple1 or 9 :at in/ances ei!r ( !m may be pref]able to ! o!r1 x is n v easy to det]m9e4 ,bo? are us$ a great deal too (t51 fill+ ) blemi%es ! /yle ( _m au?ors3 ! possessive1 because ! p>ticiple is n ! "n ( any ?+ t c be possess$2 ! objective1 because no con/ruction c be "r 9 :i* ! relation ( ! t]ms is n =m$ accord+ to ! s5se4 ,! =m] usage ,i h already criticis$ to a great ext5t4 ,let "o example suffice "h3 ,!re c be no objection to a syllable's be+ long1 on ! gr\nd ( its n be+ s long1 or s mu* protract$1 z "s o!r long syllables are4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdb4 ,"s w\ld "h pref] syllable to syllable's1 b none w\ld be apt to put x = its1 )\t "s o!r *ange4 ,! s5t5ce may be am5d$ ?us3 ,!re c be no objection to a syllable z be+ long1 on ! gr\nd t x is n s long z "s o!r syllables4 ,,obs4 #cb4--;,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t ! use ( z betwe5 ! p>ticiple & ! n\n is v (t5 bett] ?an ei!r ! adoption ( ! possessive sign1 or ! imm$iate connexion ( ! two words2 z1 ,ano!r po9t con/antly br\ght into ! inve/igation n[1 is t ( milit>y success z =m+ a claim to civil position4--,bo/on ,daily ,adv]tis]4 ,conc]n+ examples l ! foll[+1 x may be que/ion$1 :e!r ! objective is prop] or n2 :e!r ! possessive w\ld be pref]able or n2 or :e!r a bett] con/ruction ?an ei!r may n be f\nd3 ,!re is sc>ce an in/ance ( any "o be+ *os5 = a patt]n4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cch4 ,in/ead ( its au!nticity be+ %ak51 x has be5 r5d]$ m sure ?an ev]4-- ,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #aig4 ,:5 !re is no long] a possibility ( a prop] c&idate be+ nom9at$ by ei!r p>ty4--,lib]ator1 ,vol4 x4 p4 #i4 ,on ! fir/ /one be+ ?r[n1 x 0 return$ by a fire ( musketry4--,ib41 p4 #af4 ,to raise a cry ab\t an innoc5t p]son be+ circumv5t$ by brib]y4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgf4 ,^: pr9ciples =bid !m tak+ "p 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4-- ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 x1 p4 #ae4 ,x c h no o!r gr\nd ?an "s su* imag9ation1 z t ( our gross bodies be+ ourselves4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aej4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is revelation be+ made4--,ib41 p4 #afb4 ,if su* relations betwe5 ! p>ticiple & ! objective be disapprov$1 ! sub/itution ( ! possessive case is liable to /ill /rong] objections2 b bo? may be avoid$1 by ! use ( ! nom9ative or o!rwise3 ?us1 ,sc>cely is any "o ev] *os5 = a patt]n4-- ,its au!nticity1 9 /ead ( be+ %ak51 has be5 r5d]$ m sure ?an ev]4--,:5 !re is no long] a possibility t a prop] c&idate w be nom9at$ by ei!r p>ty4--,z soon z ! fir/ /one 0 ?r[n1 !re 0 return$ a fire ( musketry4--,to raise a cry1 z if an innoc5t p]son _h be5 circumv5t$ by brib]y4-- ,^: pr9ciples =bid !m to take "p 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t4--,x c h no o!r gr\nd ?an "s su* imag9ation1 z t our gross bodies are ourselves4--,9 consequ5ce ( ?is revelation :i* is made4 ,,obs4 #cc4--;,a rec5t gramm>ian quotes ,dr4 ,crombie ?us3 ,"s late writ]s h disc>d$ a phraseology :i* appe>s unobjectionable1 & sub/itut$ "o t seems less correct2 & in/ead ( say+1 ',lady ,macbe?'s walk+ 9 h] sleep is an incid5t full ( tragic horror1' w\ld say1 ',lady ,macbe? walk+ 9 h] sleep is an incid5t full ( tragic horror4' ,?is seems to me an idle affectation ( ! ,lat9 idiom1 less precise ?an ! common mode ( expression1 & less consonant ) ! g5ius ( our language2 =1 ask :at 0 an incid5t full ( tragic horror1 &1 accord+ to ?is phraseology1 ! answ] mu/ be1 ,lady ,macbe?2 :]eas ! mean+ is1 n t ,lady ,macbe?1 b h] walk+ 9 h] sleep1 is an incid5t full ( tragic horror4 ,?is phraseology also1 9 _m in/ances1 conveys n ! int5d$ idea2 =1 z ,prie/ley rem>ks1 if x is said1 ',:at ?9k y ( my horse's runn+ to-day8' x is impli$ t ! horse did actually run4 ,if x is said1 ',:at ?9k y ( my horse runn+ to-day8' x is int5d$ to ask :e!r x be prop] = my horse to run to-day4 ,?is di/9ction1 ?\gh frequ5tly neglect$1 des]ves att5tion2 = x is obvi\s t ambiguity may arise f us+ ! latt] only ( ^! phraseologies to express bo? mean+s4-- ,maund]'s ,comp5di\s ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ae4 7,see ,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bhh-bij47 ,to ?is1 be=e any comm5t is (f]$1 let me add an o!r quotation3 ,,rule4 ,a n\n be=e ! pres5t p>ticiple is put 9 ! possessive case2 z1 ,mu* w dep5d on ! pupil's compos+ frequ5tly4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! s5se =bids x to be put 9 ! possessive case2 ?us1 ,:at d y ?9k ( my horse runn+ to-day8 means1 ,d y ?9k ,i %\ld let him run8 b1 ,:at d y ?9k ( my horse's runn+8 means1 he has run1 d y ?9k he ran well8-- ,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ia2 ,brace's ,gram41 #id4 ,see ,bullions's ,gram41 p4 #ajg2 ,hiley's1 #id2 ,murray's1 #hvo4 #aie3 ,+]soll's1 #bja3 & _m o!rs4 ,,obs4 #cd4--;,any phraseology t conveys n ! int5d$ idea1 or t involves su* an absurdity z t ( call+ a lady an incid5t is d\btless suffici5tly repreh5sible2 b1 comp>$ ) a rule ( gramm> s ill-devis$ z to mislead ! le>n] n9e times 9 t51 an occasional ambiguity or solecism is a m]e trifle4 ,! ^w walk+1 prec$$ by a possessive & foll[$ by a preposition1 z above1 is cle>ly a n\n1 & n a p>ticiple2 b ^! au?ors probably int5d to ju/ify ! use ( possessives be=e p>ticiples1 & ev5 to hold all phraseology ( ?is k9d unobjectionable4 ,if su* is n _! design1 !y write z badly z !y reason2 & if x is1 _! doctr9e is bo? false & inconsi/5t4 ,t a v]bal n\n may gov]n ! possessive case1 is c]ta9ly no pro( t a p>ticiple may d s too2 &1 if ^! p>ts ( spee* are to be kept di/9ct ! latt] position mu/ be disall[$3 ea* mu/ abide by its own con/ruction1 z says ,l[?4 ,b ! practice :i* ^! au?ors speak (1 z an innovation ( "s late writ]s1 & an idle affectation ( ! ,lat9 idiom1 is 9 fact a practice z diff]5t f ! blund] :i* !y quote1 or feign1 z _! j correction ( t blund] is diff]5t f ! ?\s& errors or irregul>ities :i* !y int5d to %elt] "u x4 ,to call a lady an incid5t1 is j z f> f any ,lat9 idiom1 z x is f good ,engli%2 :]eas ! v ?+ :i* !y ?us object to at fir/1 !y aft]w>ds approve 9 ?is text3 ,:at ?9k y ( my horse runn+ to-day8 ,?is phraseology corresponds ) ! ,lat9 idiom2 & x is ?is1 t1 9 fact1 !y beg9 ) pron\nc+ to be less correct ?an1 ,:at ?9k y ( my horse's runn+ to-day8 ,,obs4 #ce4--;,betwe5 ^! expressions1 too1 !y pret5d to fix a di/9ction ( signification2 z1 if ! horse's runn+ to-day1 mu/ ne$s imply a pa/ action1 ?\gh1 7!y suppose17 ! pupil's compos+ frequ5tly1 or1 ! horse runn+ to-day1 signifies a future "o4 ,?is di/9ction ( "t is altoge!r imag9>y2 & ! notion1 t to pref] ! possessive case be=e p>ticiples1 is m]ely to )/& an error ( "s late writ]s1 is altoge!r false4 ,! in/ructions above cit$1 !re=e1 det]m9e no?+ rightly1 except ! inaccuracy ( "o v uncommon =m ( expression4 ,=1 accord+ to our be/ gramm>ians1 ! simple mode ( correction !re adopt$ w sc>cely be f\nd applicable to any o!r text4 ,x w n be "r :]e ! p>ticiple happ5s to be transitive1 or ev5 :]e x is qualifi$ by an adv]b4 ,f _! subsequ5t examples1 x is pla9 t ^! g5tlem5 ?9k o!rwise2 b /ill1 :o c und]/& :at !y mean by ! common mode ( expression8 ,:at1 = in/ance1 w\ld !y sub/itute = ! foll[+ v inaccurate expression f ! critical belles-lettres ( ,dr4 ,blair8 ,a "m accus+ h] son1 & accus+ him ( su* actions1 z hav+ fir/ brib$ judges to condemn h] husb&1 & hav+ aft]w>ds poison$ him1 7 circum/ances t naturally rais$ /rong prejudices aga9/ ,cic]o's cli5t4--,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #bgd4 ,w\ld !y say4 ,a "m's accus+ h] son1 c41 7 circum/ances1 c48 ,is ?is _! common mode ( expression8 & if x is1 d !y n make common :at is no bett] ,engli% ?an ! ,doctor's8 ,if1 to accuse a son1 & to accuse him greatly1 c be consid]$ diff]5t circum/ances ( ! same prosecution1 ! s5t5ce may be correct$ ?us3 ,a "m's accus+ ( h] son1 & h] *>g+ ( him ) su* actions1 z ^? ( hav+ fir/ brib$ judges to condemn h] husb&1 & hav+ aft]w>ds poison$ him1 7 circum/ances t naturally rais$ /rong prejudices aga9/ ,cic]o's cli5t4 ,,obs4 #cf4--,on sev]al occasions1 z 9 ! t5? & twelf? obs]vations on ,rule #d?1 & 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( ! pres5t s]ies1 "s notice has be5 tak5 ( ! equival5ce or diff]5ce ( mean+1 real or suppos$1 betwe5 ! con/ruction ( ! possessive1 & t ( an o!r case1 be=e ! p>ticiple2 or betwe5 ! p>ticipial & ! sub/antive use ( words 9 +4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 to :om1 z well z to ,dr4 ,l[?1 mo/ ( our gramm>ians are indebt$ = "s ( _! doctr9es respect+ ?is sort ( d]ivatives1 pret5ds to di/+ui% !m1 bo? z con/itut+ diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 & z convey+ diff]5t mean+s4 ,9 "o place1 he says1 ,:5 a ^w end+ 9 + is prec$$ by an article1 x seems to be us$ z a n\n2 & !re=e ought n to gov]n an o!r ^w1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( a preposition4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aeg4 ,& 9 an o!r3 ,_m n\ns are d]iv$ f v]bs1 & end 9 +1 l p>ticiples ( ! pres5t t5se4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! n\ns & p>ticiples is (t5 ov]look$1 & ! accurate di/9ction ( ! two s5ses n att5d$ to4 ,if ,i say1 ,:at ?9k y ( my horse's runn+ to-day1 ,i use ! ,,n\n runn+1 & suppose ! horse to h actually run2 = x is ! same ?+ z if ,i _h said1 ,:at ?9k y ( ! runn+ ( my horse4 ,b if ,i say1 ,:at ?9k y ( my horse runn+ to-day1 ,i use ! ,,p>ticiple1 & ,i mean to ask1 :e!r x be prop] t my horse %\ld run or n3 :i*1 !re=e1 supposes t he _h n !n run4--,ib41 p4 #abb4 ,:atev] our o!r critics say ab\t ! horse runn+ or ! horse's runn+1 !y h 9 g5]al borr[$ f ,prie/ley1 ) :om ! rem>k orig9at$1 z x "h /&s4 ,x appe>s t ,crombie1 ,murray1 ,maund]1 ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 ,+]soll1 ,b>n>d1 ,hiley1 & o!rs1 approve ! doctr9e ?us taught1 or at lea/ "s "p ( x2 ?\gh "s ( !m1 if n all1 !reby contradict !mselves4 ,,ods4 #cg4--;,by ! two examples "h contra/$1 ,prie/ley design$ to e/abli% a di/9ction1 n = ^! texts only1 b = all simil> expressions--a di/9ction bo? ( ! n\n f ! p>ticiple1 & ( ! diff]5t s5ses :i* he suppos$ ^! two con/ructions to exhibit4 ,9 all ?is1 !re is a complete failure4 ,yet ) :at rem>kable ductility & implicitness d o!r pr(ess$ critics take = grant$ :at ?is sup]ficial philolog] s ha/ily prescribes6 ,by ackn[l$g+ ) ref]5ce to su* an application ( !m1 t ! two con/ructions above are bo? good ,engli%1 our gramm>ians d b ! m puzzle _! disciples respect+ ! *oice betwe5 !m2 j z ,prie/ley himself 0 puzzl$1 :5 he said1 ,s we may ei!r say1 ,i rememb] x be+ reckon$1 a great exploit2 or1 p]haps m elegantly1 ,i rememb] its be+ reckon$1 c4--,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,murray & o!rs omit ?is p]haps1 & :ile !y all[ bo? =ms to be good1 decid$ly pref] ! latt]2 b nei!r ,prie/ley1 nor any ( ! re/1 ev] pret5d$ to disc]n 9 ^! a diff]5ce ( signification1 or ev5 ( p>ts ( spee*4 ,= my "p1 9 /ead ( approv+ ei!r ( ^! read+s ab\t ! great exploit1 ,i h reject$ bo?1 = reasons :i* h already be5 giv52 & n[ z to ! fir/ two =ms ( ! hors]ace "q1 s f> z !y may /rictly be tak5 = models1 ,i _c b condemn !m also1 & = ! same reasons3 to :i* reasons may be jo9$ ! additional "o1 t nei!r expression is well adapt$ to ! s5se :i* ! au?or himself gives to x 9 8 int]pretation4 ,if ! ,doctor design$ to ask1 ,d y ?9k my horse ran well to-day8 or1 ,d y ?9k x prop] = my horse to run to-day8 he ought to h us$ "o or ! o!r ( ^! unequivocal & unobjectionable expressions4 ,!re is 9 fact betwe5 ! o!rs1 no su* diff]5ce ( mean+ z he imag9es2 nor does he well di/+ui% ! ,,n\n runn+ f ! ,,p>ticiple runnn+2 because he app>5tly all[s ! ^w1 9 bo? in/ances1 to be qualifi$ by ! adv]b to-day4#dbb ,,obs4 #ch4--;,x is cle>1 t ! p>ticiple 9 + p>takes sometimes ! nature ( its v]b & an adjective2 s t x relates to a n\n1 l an adjective1 & yet implies "t1 &1 if transitive1 gov]ns an object1 l a v]b3 z1 ,horses runn+ a race4 ,h5ce1 by dropp+ :at "h di/+ui%es x z a p>ticiple1 ! ^w may become an adjective1 & /& be=e its n\n2 z1 ,a runn+ brook4 ,s1 too1 ?is p>ticiple sometimes p>takes ! nature ( its v]b & a n\n2 s t x may be gov]n$ by a preposition1 l a n\n1 ?\gh 9 itself x has no cases or numb]s1 b is indecl9able3 z ,9 runn+ a race4 ,h5ce1 aga91 by dropp+ :at di/+ui%es x z a p>ticiple1 x may become a n\n2 z1 ,runn+ is a saf] sport ?an wre/l+4 ,n[1 if to a p>ticiple we prefix some?+ :i* makes x an adjective1 we also take away its regim51 by ins]t+ a preposition2 z1 ,a doctr9e undes]v+ ( praise1--,a man uncompromis+ 9 8 pr9ciples4 ,s1 if we put be=e x an article1 an adjective1 or a possessive1 & ?us give to ! p>ticiple a sub/antive "* or relation1 !re is reason to ?9k1 t we ought1 9 l mann]1 to take away its regim51 & its adv]b too1 if x h any1 & be c>eful also to di/+ui% ?is n\n f ! p>ticipial adjective2 z1 ,! runn+ ( a race1--,no rac+ ( horses1--,y\r des]v+ ( praise4--,a man's compromis+ ( 8 pr9ciples4 ,) respect to ! articles1 or any adjectives1 x seems n[ to be g5]ally conc$$1 t ^! are signs ( sub/antives2 & t1 if add$ to p>ticiples1 !y mu/ cause !m to be tak51 9 all respects1 sub/antively4 ,b ) respect to possessives be=e p>ticiples1 ! common practice ( our writ]s v ext5sively indulges ! mix$ con/ruction ( :i* ,i h said s mu*1 & conc]n+ ! propriety ( :i*1 ! op9ions ( our gramm>ians are s v>i\s1 s confus$1 & s self-contradictory4 ,,obs4 #ci4--,?\gh ! p>ticiple ) a nom9ative or an objective be=e x1 is n 9 g5]al1 equival5t to ! v]bal n\n or ! mix$ p>ticiple ) a possessive be=e x2 & ?\gh ! significations ( ! two phrases are (t5 s widely diff]5t z to make x palpably absurd to put ei!r = ! o!r2 yet ! in/ances are n few 9 :i* x makes little or no diff]5ce to ! s5se1 :i* ( ! two =ms we pref]1 & !re=e1 9 ^! in/ances1 ,i w\ld c]ta9ly *oose ! m simple & regul> con/ruction2 or1 :]e a bett] ?an ei!r c readily be f\nd1 reject bo?4 ,x is also prop] to h "s reg>d to ! /ructure ( o!r languages1 & to ! analogy ( ,g5]al ,gramm>4 ,if !re be "s late writ]s :o are *>geable ) an idle affectation ( ! ,lat9 idiom1 !re are p]haps m :o z idly affect :at !y suppose consonant ) ! g5ius ( our language4 ,i allude to ^? :o w\ld pref] ! possessive case 9 a text l ! foll[+3 ,:]e=e is ?is noise ( ! city be+ 9 an upro>8'--#a ,k+s1 i1 #da4 ,quid sibi vult clamor civitatis tumultuantis8--,vulgate4 ,greek3 ,gis h phon ts poleos *\ss2--,septuag9t4 ,lit]ally3 ,:at means ! clam\r ( ! city res\nd+8 ,que veut dire ce bruit de la ville qui e/ a9si mue8--,fr5* ,bible4 ,lit]ally3 ,:at means ?is noise ( ! city :i* is s mov$8 ,bett] ,engli%3 ,:at means ?is noise ) :i* ! city r+s8 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 !re is a seem+ imitation ( ! =ego+ ,lat9 or ,greek con/ruction2 b x may well be d\bt$ :e!r x w\ld be any improvem5t to put ! ^w disciples 9 ! possessive case2 nor is x easy to f9d a ?ird =m :i* w\ld be bett] ?an ^!3 ,_! difficulties w n be increas$ by ! int5d$ disciples hav+ ev] resid$ 9 a ,*ri/ian c\ntry4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #aai4 ,,obs4 #dj4--;,x may be obs]v$ ( ^! diff]5t relations betwe5 p>ticiples & o!r words1 t n\ns are mu* m apt to be put 9 ! nom9ative or ! objective case1 ?an are pron\ns4 ,= example3 ,!re is no m ( moral pr9ciple 9 ! way ( abolitioni/s nom9at+ _! own c&idates1 ?an 9 t ( _! vot+ = ^? nom9at$ by o!rs4--,,g]rit ,,smi?3 ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 ,x1 p4 #ag4 ,inde$1 a pron\n ( ! nom9ative or ! objective case is h>dly ev] us$ 9 su* a relation1 unless x be s obvi\sly ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se1 z to preclude all "q ab\t ! con/ruction4#dbc ,& ?is fact seems to make x ! m d\btful1 :e!r x be prop] to use n\ns 9 t mann]4 ,b x may safely be held1 t if ! n\n c well be consid]$ ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se1 we are at lea/ "u no necessity ( subject+ x to ! gov]nm5t ( a m]e p>ticiple4 ,if x be ?\ght desirable to v>y ! =ego+ example1 x may easily be done1 ?us3 ,!re is no m ( moral pr9ciple to prev5t abolitioni/s f nom9at+ _! own c&idates1 ?an to prev5t !m f vot+ = ^? nom9at$ by o!rs4 ,! foll[+ example is mu* l ! prec$+1 b less ju/ifiable3 ,we see com=t1 security1 /r5g?1 pleasure1 weal?1 & prosp]ity1 all fl[+ f m5 comb9+ toge!r2 & mis]y1 weakness1 & pov]ty1 ensu+ f _! act+ sep>ately or 9 opposition to ea* o!r4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #acc4 ,say r1--f m5's comb9+-toge!r1 or1 f ! j comb9ation ( m5 9 society2 &1--f _! sep>ate action1 or _! opposition to "o an o!r4 ,take an o!r example3 ,if illorum be gov]n$ "h ( negotii1 x mu/ be 9 ?is ord]1 gratia negotii illorum vid5di2 & ?is is1 = ! sake ( _! bus9ess be+ se51 & n1 = ! sake ( !m be+ se54--,johnson's ,grammatical ,comm5t>ies1 p4 #ceb4 ,"h ! le>n$ critic1 9 disput+ ,p]izonius's resolution ( ! phrase1 illorum vid5di grati has writt5 disputable ,engli%4 ,b1 _h he affect$ ! ,lat9 idiom1 a ne>] imitation ( x w\ld h be51--= ! sake ( _! bus9ess's be+ se51 & n = ! sake ( _! be+ se54 ,or ne>] /ill1--= ! sake ( see+ ( _! bus9ess1 & n1 = ! sake ( see+ ( !m4 ,an elegant writ] w\ld be apt to avoid all ^! =ms1 & say1--= ! sake ( see+ _! bus9ess2 &1--= ! sake ( see+ !m2 ?\gh ! =m] phrase1 be+ b a v]sion ( bad ,lat91 makes no v good s5se 9 any way4 ,,obs4 #da4--;,idioms1 or peculi>ities ( expression1 are nev] to be approv$ or valu$1 b accord+ to _! conv5i5ce1 utility1 or elegance4 ,by ?is rule1 "s phrases t are n positively b>b>\s1 may yet be ungrammatical1 & a con/ruction t is sometimes all[able1 may yet be q unwor?y to be made or reckon$1 ! common mode ( expression4 ,?us1 9 ,lat91 ! inf9itive v]b is occasionally put = a n\n1 & tak5 to signify a prop]ty possess$2 z1 ,tuum scire1 ?y to "k1 ! same z tua sci5tia1 ?y k4 ,p]s4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,s1 9 ,engli%1 ! p>ticiple 9 + is (t5 tak5 sub/antively1 :5 x does n actually become a sub/antive or n\n2 z1 ,?y kn[+ ?is1--,our do+ s4--,we/4 ,su* =ms ( spee*1 because !y are idiomatical1 seldom admit ( any lit]al translation1 & are nev] naturaliz$ by any transf] f "o language or dialect into an o!r2 nor is x prop] = gramm>ians to ju/ify !m1 9 v]nacul> spee*1 except z figures or anomalies t ought n to be g5]ally imitat$4 ,x _c be truly affirm$1 t ! g5ius ( our language ev] requires t p>ticiples1 z su*1 %\ld assume ! relations ( a n\n1 or gov]n ! possessive case2 nor1 on ! o!r h&1 c x be truly d5i$1 t v excell5t & le>n$ writ]s d sometimes make use ( su* phraseology4 ,)\t disrespect to ! _m us]s & approv]s ( ^! anomalies1 ,i set d[n = bad ,engli% e mix$ con/ruction ( ! p>ticiple1 = :i* ! language c furni% an equival5t expression t is m simple & m elegant4 ,! ext5t to :i* ^! comp>ative b>b>isms n[ ab\nd 9 ,engli% books1 & ! ridicul\s fondness = !m1 :i* has be5 %[n by "s writ]s on ,engli% gramm>1 9 /ead ( am\nt+ to any argum5t 9 _! fav\r1 are 9 fact1 pla9 pro(s ( ! necessity ( an endeav\r to arre/ s obvi\s & s p]nici\s an innovation4 ,,obs4 #db4--;,a late au?or obs]ves z foll[s3 ,t ! ,engli% g]und1 p>ticiple1 or v]bal n\n1 9 +1 has bo? an active & a passive signification1 !re c be little d\bt4#dbd ,:e!r ! ,lat9 g]und has precisely a simil> import1 or :e!r x is only active1 x may be difficult1 &1 inde$1 aft] all1 x is n ( mu* mom5t1 to asc]ta94--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #bcd4 ,! g]und 9 ,lat9 mo/ commonly gov]ns ! case ( its own v]b1 z does ! active p>ticiple1 bo? 9 ,lat9 & ,engli%3 z1 ,eff]or /udio patres ve/ros vid5di4 ,cic4 de s54 #bc4--,lily's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,t is1 ,i am transport$1 ) a desire ( see+ y\r fa!rs4 ,b sometimes we f9d ! g]und tak5 sub/antively & made to gov]n ! g5itive4 ,or1--to adopt ! language ( an old gramm>ian3--,int]dum non inv5u/ additur g]undiis 9 di etiam g5itivus pluralis3 ut1 ',quum illorum vid5di grati me 9 =um contulissem4'--',nov>um qui spect&i faciunt copiam4' ,t]4 ,heaut4 prol4 #bi4--,lily's ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,t is1 ,to g]unds 9 di !re is sometimes n inelegantly add$ a g5itive plural3 z1 ',:51 = ! sake ( see+ ( !m1 ,i w5t into ! =um4'--',:o pres5t an opportunity ( att5d+ ( new ones3' i4e41 new com$ies4 ,"h ! ( :i* is ins]t$ aft] ! p>ticiple to m>k ! g5itive case :i* is add$1 =ms r an error ?an an elegance1 ?\gh "s ,engli% writ]s d n[ & !n adopt ?is idiom4 ,! g]und ?us gov]n+ ! g5itive1 is n analog\s to our p>ticiple gov]n+ ! possessive2 because ?is g5itive /&s1 n = ! subject ( ! be+ or action1 b = :at w\ld o!rwise be ! object ( ! g]und1 or ( ! p>ticiple1 z may be se5 above4 ,! objection to ! p>ticiple z gov]n+ ! possessive1 is1 t x reta9s its object or its adv]b2 = :5 x does n1 x becomes fairly a n\n1 & ! objection is remov$4 ,r4 ,johnson1 l _m o!rs1 errone\sly ?9ks x a n\n1 ev5 :5 x gov]ns an objective1 & has m]ely a preposition be=e x2 z1 ,= ! sake ( see+ !m4 ,:]e see+ 7says he7 is a ,sub/antive4--,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cec4 ,,obs4 #dc4--;,if ! ,lat9 g]und 7 made to gov]n ! g5itive ( ! ag5t1 & all[$ at ! same "t to reta9 its gov]nm5t z a g]und1 x w\ld !n correspond 9 e ?+ b decl5sion1 to ! ,engli% p>ticiple :5 made to gov]n bo? ! possessive case & ! objective4 ,b ,i h be=e obs]v$ t no su* analogy appe>s4 ,! foll[+ example has be5 quot$ by ,sey]1 z a pro( t ! g]und may gov]n ! g5itive ( ! ag5t3 ,cujus autem 9 dic5do aliquid repreh5sum e/--,cic4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bcf4 ,t is1 7z ,i und]/& x17 ,b 9 ^: speak+ some?+ is repreh5d$4 ,?is seems to me a case 9 po9t2 ?\gh ,crombie & ,grant w n all[ x to be s4 ,b a s+le example is n suffici5t4 ,if ! doctr9e is true1 !re mu/ be o!rs4 ,9 ?is solit>y in/ance1 x w\ld be easi] to d\bt ! accuracy ev5 ( ,cic]o1 ?an to approve ! notion ( ^! two critics1 t cujus is "h gov]n$ by aliquid1 & n by ! g]und4 ,"h1 says ,grant1 ,i am incl9$ to concur 9 op9ion ) ,dr4 ,crombie1 ^: words ,i take ! lib]ty to use1 ',t1 = ! sake ( euphony1 ! g]und is sometimes f\nd gov]n+ ! g5itive ( ! pati5t1 or subject say object ( ! action1 is unque/ionable3 ?us1 /udio vid5di patrum ve/rorum4 ,t is1 lit]ally1 ,by a desire ( see+ ( y\r fa!rs4 ,b ,i recollect no example1 :]e ! g]und is jo9$ ) a possessive adjective1 or g5itive ( a n\n sub/antive1 :]e ! p]son is n ! pati5t1 b ! ag5t2 z1 dic5dum meum1 ejus dic5dum1 cujus dic5dum4 ,t is1 my speak+1 8 speak+1 ^: speak+4 ,9 tru?1 ^! phraseologies appe> to me1 n only repugnant to ! idiom ( ! language1 b also unfav\rable to precision & p]spicuity4'--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bcf4 ,,obs4 #dd4--,( t p>ticul> di/9ction betwe5 ! p>ticiple & ! p>ticipial n\n1 :i* dep5ds on ! ins]tion or omission ( ! article & ! preposition (1 a rec5t gramm>ian ( consid]able m]it adopts ! foll[+ views3 ,?is d\ble nature ( ! p>ticiple has l$ to mu* irregul>ity 9 its use4 ,?us we f9d1 'indulg+ :i*1' 'indulg+ ( :i*1' '! indulg+ :i*1' & '! indulg+ ( :i*1' us$ indiscrim9ately4 ,l[? v prop]ly in/ructs u1 ei!r to use bo? ! article & ! preposition ) ! p>ticiple2 z1 '! indulg+ ( :i*3' or to reject bo?2 z1 'indulg+ :i*3' ?us keep+ ! v]bal & sub/antive =ms di/9ct4 ,b he is wrong1 z ,dr4 ,crombie ju/ly rem>ks1 9 consid]+ ^! two modes ( expression z p]fectly simil>4 ,suppose ,i am told1 ',bloomfield spoke w>mly ( ! pleasure he _h 9 he>+ ,fawcet3' ,i und]/& at once1 t ! eloqu5ce ( ,fawcet gave ,bloomfield great pleasure4 ,b 7 x said1 ',bloomfield spoke w>mly ( ! pleasure he _h 9 ! he>+ ( ,fawcet3' ,i %\ld be l$ to conclude m]ely t ! orator 0 )9 he>+1 :5 ! poet spoke ( ! pleasure he felt f some?+1 ab\t :i* ,i h no in=mation4 ,accord+ly ,dr4 ,crombie sugge/s z a g5]al rule1 conducive at lea/ to p]spicuity1 & p]haps to elegance2 t1 :5 ! n\n connect$ ) ! p>ticiple is active1 or do+ some?+1 ! article %\ld be ins]t$ be=e ! p>ticiple1 & ! preposition aft] x2 &1 :5 ! n\n is passive1 or repres5ts ! object ( an action1 bo? ! article & ! preposition %\ld be omitt$3#dbe agreeably to ! examples j adduc$4 ,x is true1 t :5 ! n\n foll[+ ! p>ticiple d5otes some?+ incapable ( ! action ! p>ticiple expresses1 no mi/ake c arise f us+ ei!r =m3 z1 ',! middle condition seems to be ! mo/ advantage\sly situate = ! ga9+ ( wisdom4 ,pov]ty turns our ?\ghts too mu* ^u ! supply+ ( our wants2 & ri*es1 ^u enjoy+ our sup]fluities4' ,addison1 ,spect41 #dfd4 ,yet ,i _c ?9k x by any means a comm5dable practice1 ?us to jumble toge!r diff]5t =ms2 & inde$ x is c]ta9ly bett]1 z ! two modes ( expression h diff]5t significations1 to conf9e ea* to its di/9ct & prop] use1 agreeably to ,dr4 ,crombie's rule1 ev5 :5 no mi/ake c\ld arise f int]*ang+ !m4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cai4 ,,obs4 #de4--,! two modes ( expression :i* ^! gramm>ians w\ld ?us apply con/antly to diff]5t uses1 on ! supposition t !y h always diff]5t significations1 are ! same t ,l9dley ,murray & 8 copyi/s suppose to be g5]ally equival5t1 & conc]n+ :i* x is m]ely admitt$ by ! latt]1 t !y d n 9 e in/ance convey ! same mean+4 7,see ,obs4 #bg? above47 ,if ,dr4 ,l[? consid]$ !m z p]fectly simil>1 he 0 und\bt$ly v wrong 9 ?is matt]3 ?\gh n m s ?an ^! g5tlem51 :o resolve to int]pret !m z be+ p]fectly & con/antly dissimil>4 ,dr4 ,adam says1 ,!re are1 bo? 9 ,lat9 & 9 ,engli%1 sub/antives d]iv$ f ! v]b1 :i* s mu* resemble ! ,g]und 9 _! signification1 t frequ5tly !y may be sub/itut$ 9 its place4 ,!y are g5]ally us$1 h[ev]1 9 a m undet]m9$ s5se ?an ! ,g]und1 & 9 ,engli%1 h ! article always#dbf prefix$ to !m4 ,?us1 ) ! g]und1 ,detector leg5do ,cic]onem1 ,i am delight$ ) read+ ,cic]o4 ,b ) ! sub/antive1 ,delector lectione ,cic]onis1 ,i am delight$ ) ! read+ ( ,cic]o4--,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,g]unds are s call$ because !y1 z x 71 signify ! ?+ 9 g]5do1 7anci5tly writt5 g]undo17 9 do+2 &1 along ) ! action1 convey an idea ( ! ag5t4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #gj2 ,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cec4 ,! read+ ( ,cic]o1 does n necess>ily signify an action ( :i* ,cic]o is ! ag5t1 z ,crombie1 ,*ur*ill1 & ,hiley *oose to exp\nd x2 &1 s9ce ! g]undive con/ruction ( words 9 + ought to h a def9ite ref]5ce to ! ag5t or subject ( ! action or be+1 "o may p]haps am5d ev5 "s ( _! own phraseology above1 by pref]r+ ! p>ticipial n\n3 z1 ,no mi/ake c arise f ! us+ ( ei!r =m4--,& ri*es turn our ?\ghts too mu* ^u ! enjoy+ ( our sup]fluities4--,ev5 :5 no mi/ake c\ld arise f ! int]*ang+ ( !m4 ,:]e ! ag5t ( ! action pla9ly appe>s1 ! g]undive =m is to be pref]r$ on acc\nt ( its brevity2 z1 ,by ! obs]v+ ( tru?1 y w comm& respect2 or1 ,by obs]v+ tru?1 c4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 ,"h ! latt] phraseology is greatly pref]able1 ?\gh ?is au?or did n p]ceive x4 ,i ?\ght no?+ 0 to be done by me be=e ! giv+ ( y ?anks4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #fc4 ,say1--be=e giv+ y ?anks2 = o!rwise ! ^w ?anks has no prop] con/ruction1 ! pron\n alone be+ gov]n$ by (--& "h aga9 is an error2 = y ought to be ! object ( to4 ,,obs4 #df4--;,9 ,hiley's ,treatise1 a "w f> m compreh5sive ?an ! g5]ality ( gramm>s1 ! e/abli%$ pr9ciples & be/ usages ( ! ,engli% ,p>ticiple are s adroitly summ$ up1 z to occupy only two pages1 "o 9 ,etymology1 & an o!r 9 ,syntax4 ,! au?or %[s h[ ! p>ticiple diff]s f a v]b1 & h[ f an adjective2 yet he nei!r makes x a sep>ate "p ( spee*1 nor tells u ) :at o!r x ought to be includ$4 ,9 lieu ( a g5]al rule = ! p>s+ ( all p>ticiples1 he pres5ts ! rem>k1 ,active transitive p>ticiples1 l _! v]bs1 gov]n ! objective case2 z1 ',i am desir\s ( he>+ him2' ',hav+ prais$ !m1 he sat d[n4'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,?is is a rule by :i* "o may p>se ! few objectives :i* are gov]n$ by p>ticiples2 b1 = ! usual con/ruction ( p>ticiples !mselves1 x is no rule at all2 nei!r does ! gramm>1 full z x is1 conta9 any4 ,he>+ is "h gov]n$ by (1 & ,hav+ prais$ relates to he2 b ?is au?or tea*es nei!r ( ^! facts1 & ! =m] he expressly contradicts by 8 false def9ition ( a preposition4 ,9 8 fir/ note1 is exhibit$1 9 two p>ts1 ! false & ill-writt5 rule :i* ,*ur*ill quotes f ,crombie4 7#a47 ,:5 ! n\n1 connect$ ) ! p>ticiple1 is active or do+ some?+1 ! p>ticiple mu/ h an article be=e x1 & ! preposition ( aft] x2 z1 ',9 ! he>+ ( ! philosoph]2' or1 ',9 ! philosoph]'s he>+2' ',by ! prea*+ ( ,*ri/2' or1 ',by ,*ri/'s prea*+4' ,9 ^! in/ances1 says ,hiley1 ! words he>+ & prea*+ are sub/antives4 ,if s1 he ought to h correct$ ?is rule1 :i* twice calls !m p>ticiples2 b1 9 /ead ( do+ t1 he bl9dly adds1 by way ( alt]native1 two examples :i* expressly contradict :at ! rule ass]ts4 7#b47 ,b :5 ! n\n repres5ts ! object ( an action1 ! article & ! preposition ( mu/ be omitt$2 z1 ',9 he>+ ! philosoph]4'--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,if ?is pr9ciple is "r1 my second note bel[1 & mo/ ( ! corrections "u x1 are wrong4 ,b ,i am p]suad$ t ! adopt]s ( ?is rule did n obs]ve h[ common is ! phraseology :i* x condemns2 z1 ,= if ! ca/+-away ( !m be ! reconcil+ ( ! _w1 :at %all ! receiv+ ( !m be1 b life f ! dead8--,rom41 xi1 #ae4 ,f9ally1 ?is au?or rejects ! ( :i* mo/ critics ins]t :5 a possessive prec$es ! v]bal n\n2 ju/ifies & pref]s ! mix$ or d\ble con/ruction ( ! p>ticiple2 &1 consequ5tly1 nei!r wi%es nor attempts to di/+ui% ! p>ticiple f ! v]bal n\n4 ,yet he does n fail to repeat1 ) "s additional inaccuracy1 ! notion1 t1 ,:at d y ?9k ( my horse's runn+8 is diff]5t to say f1 ,:at d y ?9k ( my horse runn+8--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,,obs4 #dg4--,t ,engli% books 9 g5]al1 & ! /yle ( ev5 our be/ writ]s1 %\ld seldom be f\nd exempt f errors 9 ! con/ruction ( p>ticiples1 w n be ?\ght wond]ful1 :5 we consid] ! multiplicity ( uses to :i* words ( ?is sort are put1 & ! /range inconsi/5cies into :i* all our gramm>ians h fall5 9 treat+ ?is "p ( syntax4 ,x is useless1 & worse ?an useless1 to tea* = gramm> any ?+ t is n true2 & no doctr9e c be true ( :i* "o "p palpably ov]sets an o!r4 ,:at has be5 taught on ! pres5t topic1 has l$ me into a multitude ( critical rem>ks1 design$ bo? = ! refutation ( ! pr9ciples :i* ,i reject1 & = ! elucidation & def5ce ( ^? :i* are pres5tly to be summ$ up 9 notes1 or special rules1 = ! correction ( false syntax4 ,if my decisions d n agree ) ! tea*+ ( our common gramm>ians1 x is *iefly because ^! au?ors contradict !mselves4 ,( ?is sort ( tea*+ ,i %all "h (f] b "o example m1 & !n br+ ^! /rictures to a close3 ,:5 pres5t p>ticiples are prec$$ by an article1 or pron\n adjective1 !y become n\ns1 & mu/ n be foll[$ by objective pron\ns1 or n\ns )\t a preposition2 z1 ! read+ ( _m books wa/es ! heal?4 ,b su* n\ns1 l all o!rs1 may be us$ )\t an article1 be+ suffici5tly discov]$ by ! foll[+ preposition2 z1 he 0 s5t to prep>e ! way1 by prea*+ ( rep5tance4 ,also an article1 or pron\n adjective1 may prec$e a clause1 us$ z a n\n1 & comm5c+ ) a p>ticiple2 z1 8 tea*+ *ildr5 0 necess>y4--,dr4 ,wilson's ,syllabus ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 xxx4 ,"h ! la/ position ( ! le>n$ doctor1 if x be true1 completely annuls ! fir/2 or1 if ! fir/ be true1 ! la/ mu/ ne$s be false1 ,&1 accord+ to ,l[?1 ,l4 ,murray1 & _m o!rs1 ! second is z bad z ei!r4 ,! bi%op says1 conc]n+ ?is v example1 t by ! use ( ! preposition ( aft] ! p>ticiple prea*+1 ! phrase is r5d]$ obscure & ambigu\s3 = ! obvi\s mean+ ( x1 9 its pres5t =m1 is1 'by prea*+ conc]n+ rep5tance1 or on t subject2' :]eas ! s5se int5d$ is1 'by publi%+ ! cov5ant ( rep5tance1 & decl>+ rep5tance to be a condition ( acceptance ) ,god4'--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,x ought to be1 'by ! prea*+ ( rep5tance2' or1 by prea*+ rep5tance4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xx4 ,,note ,i4--,active p>ticiples h ! same gov]nm5t z ! v]bs f :i* !y are d]iv$2 ! preposition (1 !re=e1 %\ld nev] be us$ aft] ! p>ticiple1 :5 ! v]b does n require x4 ,?us1 9 phrases l ! foll[+1 ( is improp]3 ,keep+ ( "o day 9 sev52--,by prea*+ ( rep5tance2--,!y left beat+ ( ,paul4 ,,note ,,ii4--,:5 a transitive p>ticiple is conv]t$ into a n\n1 ( mu/ be ins]t$ to gov]n ! object foll[+2 z1 ,s t !re 0 no )/&+ ( him4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles4 p4 #beb4 ,! cause ( _! salvation do? n s mu* arise f _! embrac+ ( m]cy1 z f ,god's ex]cis+ ( x--,p5+ton's ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ia4 ,fai? is ! receiv+ ( ,*ri/ ) ! :ole s\l4--,baxt]4 ,9 ?y p\r+-out ( ?y fury ^u ,j]usalem4--,ezekiel1 ix1 #h4 ,,note ,,iii4--,:5 ! ins]tion ( ! ^w (1 to complete ! conv]sion ( ! transitive p>ticiple into a n\n1 produces ambiguity or h>%ness1 "s bett] phraseology mu/ be *os54 ,example3 ,because ! action took place prior to ! tak+ place ( ! o!r pa/ action4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,"h ! words prior & place h no regul> con/ruction2 & if we say1 prior to ! tak+ ( place ( ! o!r1 we make ! jumble /ill worse4 ,say !re=e1 ,because ! action took place be=e ! o!r pa/ action2--or1 ,because ! action took place previ\sly to ! o!r pa/ action4 ,,note ,,iv4--,:5 p>ticiples become n\ns1 _! adv]bs %\ld ei!r become adjectives1 or be tak5 z p>ts ( su* n\ns1 writt5 z comp\nd words3 or1 if nei!r ( ^! me?ods be agreeable1 a great] *ange %\ld be made4 ,examples ( error3 #a4 ,rightly und]/&+ a s5t5ce1 dep5ds v mu* on a k ( its grammatical con/ruction4--,comly's ,gram41 #ab? ,ed41 p4 #h4 ,say1 ,! "r und]/&+ ( a s5t5ce1 c4 #b4 ,elopem5t is a runn+ away1 or private dep>ture4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book4 p4 #ajb4 ,write runn+-away z "o ^w4 #c4 ,if !y ,milton's descriptions h any faults1 x is _! allud+ too frequ5tly to matt]s ( le>n+1 & to fables ( antiquity4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dea4 ,say1 ,if !y h any fault1 x is t !y allude too frequ5tly1 c4 ,,note ,v4--,:5 ! p>ticiple is foll[$ by an adjective1 its conv]sion into a n\n appe>s to be improp]2 because ! con/ruction ( ! adjective becomes anomal\s1 & its relation d\btful3 z1 ,:5 we speak ( 'ambition's be+ re/less' or1 'a disease's be+ deceitful4'--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cdf2 ,kirkham's1 p4 #bbd4 ,?is ought to be1 ,:5 we speak ( ambition z be+ re/less1 or a disease z be+ deceitful2 b ,dr4 ,blair1 f :om ! text orig9ally came1 appe>s to h writt5 x ?us3 ,:5 we speak ( ambition's be+ re/less1 or a disease be+ deceitful4--,,lect4 xvi1 p4 #aee4 ,?is is inconsi/5t ) itself2 = "o n\n is possessive1 & ! o!r1 objective4 ,,note ,,vi4--,:5 a comp\nd p>ticiple is conv]t$ into a n\n1 ! hyph5 seems to be necess>y1 to prev5t ambiguity2 b su* comp\nd n\ns are nev] elegant1 & x is 9 g5]al bett] to avoid !m1 by "s *ange 9 ! expression4 ,example3 ,ev5 z ! be+ heal$ ( a w\nd1 presuppose? ! pla/] or salve3 b n1 on ! contr>y2 = ! application ( ! pla/] presuppose? n ! be+ heal$4--,b>clays ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #adc4 ,! phrase1 ! be+ heal$ ought to mean only1 ! creature heal$2 & n1 ! be+-heal$1 or ! heal+ receiv$1 :i* is :at ! writ] int5d$4 ,b ! simple ^w heal+ might h be5 us$ 9 ! latt] s5se2 =1 9 p>ticipial n\ns1 ! di/9ction ( voice & ( t5se are commonly disreg>d$4 ,,note ,,vii4--,a p>ticiple %\ld n be us$ :]e ! inf9itive mood1 ! v]bal n\n1 a common sub/antive1 or a phrase equival5t1 w bett] express ! mean+4 ,examples3 #a4 ,b plac+ an acc5t on ! second syllable ( ^! words1 w\ld entirely d]ange !m4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bci4 ,say r1 ,b1 to place an acc5t--,b ! plac+ ( an acc5t--or1 ,b an acc5t plac$ on ! second syllable ( ^! words1 w\ld entirely d]ange !m4 #b4 ,to require _! be+ 9 t case4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ba4 ,say1 ,to require !m to be 9 t case4 #c4 ,%e regrets n hav+ read x4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #baf4 ,say1 ,%e regrets t %e has n read x4 ,or1 ,%e does n regret t %e has read x4 ,= ! text is equivocal1 & admits ei!r ( ^! s5ses4 ,,note ,,viii4--,a p>ticiple us$ = a nom9ative aft] be1 is1 01 c41 produces a con/ruction :i* is m naturally und]/ood to be a comp\nd =m ( ! v]b2 & :i* is !re=e n well adapt$ to ! s5se int5d$1 :5 "o tells :at some?+ is1 01 or may be4 ,examples3 #a4 ,^: bus9ess is %oe+ animals4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cfe4 ,say1 ,^: bus9ess x is1 to %oe animals2--or1 ,^: bus9ess is ! %oe+ ( animals4 #b4 ,?is 0 9 fact conv]t+ ! deposite to 8 own use4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 p4 #bjj4 ,say r1 ,?is 0 9 fact a conv]t+ ( ! deposite to 8 own use4--,ib4 ,,note ,,ix4--,v]bs ( prev5t+ %\ld be made to gov]n1 n ! p>ticiple 9 +1 nor :at are call$ sub/antive phrases1 b ! objective case ( a n\n or pron\n2 & if a p>ticiple foll[1 x ought to be gov]n$ by ! preposition f3 z1 ,b ! admiration due to s em95t a poet1 mu/ n prev5t u f rem>k+ "s o!r p>ticul>s 9 :i* he has fail$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dch4 ,examples ( error3 #a4 ,i endeav\r$ to prev5t lett+ him escape--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,say1--to prev5t 8 escape4 #b4 ,to prev5t its be+ connect$ ) ! ne>e/ n\n4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cfg4 ,say1 ,to prev5t x f be+ connect$1 c4 #c4 ,to prev5t x bur/+ out ) op5 viol5ce4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #adf4 ,say1 ,to prev5t x f bur/+ out1 c4 #d4 ,to prev5t _! injur+ or murd]+ ( o!rs4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #bf4 ,say r1 ,to prev5t !m f injur+ or murd]+ o!rs4 ,,note ,x4--,9 ! use ( p>ticiples & ( v]bal n\ns1 ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se %\ld always be made ! lead+ or gov]n+ ^w 9 ! con/ruction2 & :]e !re is reason to d\bt :e!r ! possessive case or "s o!r ought to come be=e ! p>ticiple1 x is bett] to reject bo?1 & v>y ! expression4 ,examples3 ,any p]son may easily conv9ce himself ( ! tru? ( ?is1 by li/5+ to =eign]s conv]s+ 9 a language :i* he does n und]/&4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cfa4 ,x is a relic ( ! anci5t /yle ab\nd+ ) negatives4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,^! =ms are "r2 ?\gh ! latt] might be v>i$1 by ! ins]tion ( :i* ab\nds = ab\nd+4 ,b ! celebrat$ examples be=e cit$1 ab\t ! lady hold+ up h] tra91 or ! lady's hold+ up h] tra91--! p]son dismiss+ 8 s]vant1 or ! p]son's dismiss+ 8 s]vant1--! horse runn+ to-day1 or ! horse's runn+ to-day1--& _m o!rs :i* "s gramm>ians suppose to be int]*angeable1 are equally bad 9 bo? =ms4 ,,note ,,xi4--,p>ticiples1 9 g5]al1 h[ev] con/ru$1 %\ld h a cle> ref]5ce to ! prop] subject ( ! be+1 action1 or passion4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce is !re=e faulty3 ,by e/abli%+ good laws1 our peace is secur$4--,russell's ,gram41 p4 #hh2 ,folk]'s1 p4 #bg4 ,peace n be+ ! e/abli%] ( ! laws1 ^! au?ors %\ld h said1 ,by e/abli%+ good laws1 we secure our peace4 ,!re w be no dang] ( spoil+ _! faces1 or ( ga9+ conv]ts4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 p4 #bja4 ,?is s5t5ce is to me utt]ly un9telligible4 ,if ! context 7 kn[n1 !re might possibly be "s s5se 9 say+1 ,!y w be 9 no dang] ( spoil+ _! faces1 c4 ,! law is annull$1 9 ! v act ( its be+ made4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bfg4 ,! act ( ,,mak+ a law1 is a phrase intelligible2 b1 ! act ( its ,,be+ ,,made1 is a d[nright solecism--a positive absurdity4 ,,note ,,xii4--,a ne$less or indiscrim9ate use ( p>ticiples = n\ns1 or ( n\ns = p>ticiples1 is inelegant1 if n improp]1 & ought !re=e to be avoid$4 ,examples3 ,( d5otes possession or belong+4-- ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aah2 ,+]soll's1 #ga4 ,! preposition (1 frequ5tly implies possession1 prop]ty1 or belong+ to4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,say1 ,( frequ5tly d5otes possession1 or ! relation ( prop]ty4 ,engl& p]ceives ! folly ( ! d5y+ ( su* concessions4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #adi4 ,expunge ! & ! la/ (1 t d5y+ may /& z a p>ticiple4 ,,note ,,xiii4--,p]fect p>ticiples be+ v>i\sly =m$1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to express !m agreeably to ! be/ usage1 & also to di/+ui% !m f ! pret]its ( _! v]bs1 :]e !re is any diff]5ce ( =m4 ,example3 ,x w\ld be well1 if all writ]s :o endeav\r to be accurate1 w\ld be c>eful to avoid a corruption at pres5t s preval5t1 ( say+1 x 0 wrote1 =1 x 0 writt52 he 0 drove1 =1 he 0 driv52 ,i h w5t1 =1 ,i h gone1 c41 9 all :i* in/ances a v]b is absurdly us$ to supply ! prop] p>ticiple1 )\t any necessity f ! want ( su* ^w4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ahf4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xx4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,expunge ,,(4 ,9 =m+ ( 8 s5t5ces1 he 0 v exact4--,error notic$ by ,murray1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aid4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! preposition ( is us$ aft] ! p>ticiple =m+1 ^: v]b does n require x4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #a/ "u ,rule #bj?1 ,active p>ticiples h ! same gov]nm5t z ! v]bs f :i* !y are d]iv$2 ! preposition (1 !re=e1 %\ld n be us$ aft] ! p>ticiple1 :5 ! v]b does n require x4 ,!re=e1 ( %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 ,9 =m+ 8 s5t5ces1 he 0 v exact4 ,= n believ+ ( :i* ,i condemn !m--,b>clay's ,works1 iii4 #ced4 ,to prohibit 8 he>]s f read+ ( t book4--,ib41 i1 #bbc4 ,y w please !m exce$+ly1 9 cry+ d[n ( ord9ances4--,,mit*ell3 ib41 i1 #bai4 ,! w>-wolf subsequ5tly became an eng9e = ca/+ ( /ones1--,con/able's ,miscellany1 xxi1 #aag4 ,! art ( dress+ ( hides & work+ 9 lea!r 0 practis$4--,ib41 xxi1 #aja4 ,9 ! *oice !y _h made ( him1 = re/or+ ( ord]4--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #cg4 ,! ,arabians ex]cis$ !mselves by compos+ ( orations & poems4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #ag4 ,behold1 ! wid[-woman 0 !re ga!r+ ( /icks4--#a ,k+s1 xvii1 #aj4 ,! prie/s 7 busi$ 9 (f]+ ( burnt-(f]+s4--#b ,*ron41 xxxv1 #ad4 ,b ,asahel w\ld n turn aside f foll[+ ( him4--#b ,sam41 ii1 #ba4 ,he left (f build+ ( ,ramah1 & dwelt 9 ,tirzah4--#a ,k+s1 xv1 #ba4 ,^? :o accuse u ( d5y+ ( x1 belie u4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #bhj4 ,& break+ ( bread f h\se to h\se4--,ib41 i1 #aib4 ,^? t set ab\t repair+ ( ! walls4--,ib41 i1 #dei4 ,& secretly begett+ ( divisions4--,ib41 i1 #eba4 ,:om he _h made use ( 9 ga!r+ ( 8 *ur*4--,ib41 i1 #ece4 ,9 def9+ & di/+ui%+ ( ! acceptions & uses ( ^? p>ticles4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ab4 ,9 puni%+ ( ?is1 we ov]?r[ ,! laws ( nations1 & ( nature too4--,dryd51 p4 #ib4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,articles ,,require ,,(4 ,! mix+ !m makes a mis]able jumble ( tru? & fiction4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ceg4 ,! same objection lies aga9/ ! employ+ /atues4--,ib41 ii1 #ceh4 ,m efficaci\s ?an ! v5t+ opul5ce ^u ! ,f9e ,arts4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 viii4 ,x is ! giv+ diff]5t names to ! same object4--,ib41 ii1 #ai4 ,:5 we h 9 view ! erect+ a column4--,ib41 ii1 #ef4 ,! /ra9+ an elevat$ subject beyond due b\nds1 is a vice n s frequ5t4--,ib41 i1 #bjf4 ,! cutt+ ev]gre5s 9 ! %ape ( animals is v anci5t4--,ib41 ii1 #cbg4 ,! keep+ juries1 )\t meet1 dr9k or fire1 c be acc\nt$ = only on ! same idea4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cja4 ,! writ+ ! v]bs at l5g? on 8 slate1 w be a v useful ex]cise4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,! avoid+ !m is n an object ( any mom5t4--,%]idan's ,lect41 p4 #ahj4 ,comp>ison is ! increas+ or decreas+ ! ,signification ( a ,^w by degrees4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,comp>ison is ! ,increas+ or ,decreas+ ! ,quality by ,degrees4--,bu*anan's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #bg4 ,! plac+ a ,circum/ance be=e ! ,^w ) :i* x is connect$1 is ! easie/ ( all ,inv]sion4--,ib41 p4 #adj4 ,:at is emphasis8 ,x is ! emitt+ a /rong] & full] s\nd ( voice1 c4--,bradley's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,besides1 ! v>y+ ! t]ms w r5d] ! use ( !m m famili>4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,& yet ! conf9+ !mselves to ?is true pr9ciple1 has misl$ !m6--,horne ,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ae4 ,:at is "h comm&$1 is m]ely ! reliev+ 8 mis]y4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #dag4 ,! accumulat+ too great a quantity ( k at r&om1 ov]loads ! m9d in/ead ( adorn+ x4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #e4 ,= ! compass+ 8 po9t4--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #ce4 ,to ! introduc+ su* an inv]t$ ord] ( ?+s4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ie4 ,:i* require only ! do+ an ext]nal action4--,ib41 p4 #ahe4 ,! imprison+ my body is to satisfy y\r wills4--,,geo4 ,,fox3 ,sewel's ,hi/41 p4 #dg4 ,:o oppose ! conf]r+ su* ext5sive comm& on "o p]son4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #acj4 ,luxury contribut$ n a little to ! en]vat+ _! =ces4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #di4 ,! keep+ "o day ( ! week = a sabba?4--,b>clay's ,works1 i4 #bjb4 ,! do+ a ?+ is contr>y to ! =be>+ ( x4--,ib41 i1 #ebg4 ,! d\bl+ ! ,sigma is1 h[ev]1 sometimes regul>4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #bi4 ,! ins]t+ ! common aspirate too1 is improp]4--,ib41 p4 #acd4 ,b 9 ,sp5s]'s "t ! pron\nc+ ! ed seems already to h be5 some?+ ( an ar*aism4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fef4 ,& to ! reconcil+ ! effect ( _! v]ses on ! eye4--,ib41 i1 #fei4 ,:5 x 0 n 9 _! p[] to h9d] ! tak+ ! :ole4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #aee4 ,he _h inde$ giv5 ! ord]s himself = ! %utt+ ! gates4--,ibid4 ,s 8 :ole life 0 a do+ ! w ( ! ,fa!r4--,p5+ton1 iv1 #ii4 ,x signifies ! suff]+ or receiv+ ! action express$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,! pret5d$ crime !re=e 0 ! decl>+ himself to be ! ,son ( ,god4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #baj4 ,p>s+ is ! resolv+ a s5t5ce into its diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,adjectives ,,require ,,(4 ,!re is no expect+ ! admiration ( behold]s4--,baxt]4 ,!re is no hid+ y 9 ! h\se4--,%akspe>e4 ,= ! bett] regulat+ gov]nm5t 9 ! prov9ce ( ,massa*usetts4--,briti% ,p>liam5t4 ,! precise m>k+ ! %ad[y b\nd>ies ( a complex gov]nm5t4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #f4 ,?is /ate ( discipl9e requires ! volunt>y =ego+ _m ?+s :i* we desire1 & sett+ ourselves to :at we h no incl9ation to4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aae4 ,?is am\nts to an active sett+ !mselves aga9/ religion4--,ib41 p4 #bfd4 ,:i* engag$ our anci5t fri5ds to ! ord]ly e/abli%+ our ,*ri/ian discipl9e4--,n4 ,e4 ,discip41 p4 #aag4 ,"s m5 are s unju/ t !re is no secur+ our own prop]ty or life1 b by oppos+ =ce to =ce4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #bf4 ,an ,act = ! bett] secur+ ! ,rights & ,lib]ties ( ! ,subject4--,geo4 ,,iii1 #ca/4 ,miracul\s cur+ ! sick is discont9u$4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #acg4 ,x w\ld h be5 no transgress+ ! apo/le's rule4--,ib41 p4 #adf4 ,z f> z consi/5t ) ! prop] conduct+ ! bus9ess ( ! ,h\se4--,elmore1 9 ,congress1 #ahci4 ,because he w\ld h no qu>rell+ at ! j condemn+ !m at t day4--,law & ,grace1 p4 #db4 ,t transf]r+ ?is natural mann]--w ensure propriety4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #cgb4 ,if a man 7 port] ( hell-gate1 he %\ld h old turn+ ! key4--,macbe?1 ,act ii1 ,sc4 #c4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,possessives ,,require ,,(4 ,s v simple a ?+ z a man's w\nd+ himself4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ig2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cag4 ,or ) t man's av[+ 8 designs4--,blair1 p4 #ajd2 ,murray1 p4 #cjh2 ,p>k] & ,fox1 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #hh4 ,on 8 putt+ ! "q4--,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aaa4 ,! importance ( tea*]s' requir+ _! pupils to read ea* section _m times ov]4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #afi4 ,polit5ess is a k9d ( =gett+ "o's self 9 ord] to be agreeable to o!rs4--,ramsay's ,cyrus4 ,mu*1 !re=e1 ( ! m]it1 & ! agreeabl5ess ( epi/ol>y writ+1 w dep5d on its introduc+ u into "s acqua9tance ) ! writ]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgj2 ,mack's ,diss]tation 9 8 ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,ri*>d's re/oration to respectability1 dep5ds on 8 pay+ 8 debts4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,_! supply+ ellipses :]e none ev] exi/$2 _! p>s+ words ( s5t5ces already full & p]fect1 z ?\gh dep5d+ on words und]/ood4--,ib41 p4 #cge4 ,h] veil+ h]self & %$d+ te>s1 c41 h] upbraid+ ,p>is = 8 c[>dice1 c4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dcc4 ,a preposition may be kn[n by its admitt+ aft] x a p]sonal pron\n1 9 ! objective case4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bh2 ,alg]'s1 #ad2 ,bacon's1 #aj2 ,m]*ant's1 #ah2 & o!rs4 ,b ?is =ms no j objection to its d5ot+ "t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,( m5's violat+ or disreg>d+ ! relations :i* ,god has plac$ !m 9 "h4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #afd4 ,success1 inde$1 no m decides = ! "r1 ?an a man's kill+ 8 antagoni/ 9 a duel4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bie4 ,8 rem9d+ !m4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #abc4 ,?is mi/ake 0 correct$ by 8 preceptor's caus+ him to plant "s beans4--,ib41 p4 #bce4 ,_! neglect+ ?is 0 ru9\s4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,t he 0 s]i\s1 appe>s f 8 di/+ui%+ ! o!rs z 'f9ite4'--,fel*'s ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,8 he>]s are n at all s5sible ( 8 do+ x4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #aai4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,*ange ,,! ,,expression4 ,an allegory is ! say+ "o ?+1 & mean+ ano!r2 a d\ble-mean+ or dilogy is ! say+ only "o ?+1 b hav+ two 9 view4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dfa4 ,a v]b may g5]ally be di/+ui%$1 by its mak+ s5se ) any ( ! p]sonal pron\ns1 or ! ^w to be=e x4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bh2 ,alg]'s1 #ac2 ,bacon's1 #aj2 ,comly's1 & _m o!rs4 ,a n\n may1 9 g5]al1 be di/+ui%$ by its tak+ an article be=e x1 or by its mak+ s5se ( itself4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #ag2 ,murray's1 #bg2 c4 ,an ,adjective may usually be kn[n by its mak+ s5se ) ! addition ( ! ^w ?+3 z1 a good ?+2 a bad ?+4--,same ,au?ors4 ,x is se5 9 ! objective case1 f its d5ot+ ! object affect$ by ! act ( leav+4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,x is se5 9 ! possessive case1 f its d5ot+ ! possessor ( some?+4--,ibid4 ,! "n man is caus$ by ! adname :atev] to be tw(old subjective case1 f its d5ot+1 ( itself1 "o p]son z ! subject ( ! two rem>ks4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,:51 z us$ 9 ! la/ l9e1 is a connective1 f its jo9+ t l9e to ! o!r "p ( ! s5t5ce4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 ,f _! d5ot+ reciprocation4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,to all[ !m ! mak+ use ( t lib]ty4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #aaf4 ,! wor/ effect ( x is1 ! fix+ on y\r m9d a habit ( indecision4--,todd's ,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #fj4 ,& y groan ! m deeply1 z y reflect t !re is no %ak+ x (f4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,i "k ( no?+ t c ju/ify ! hav+ rec\rse to a ,lat9 translation ( a ,greek writ]4--,col]idge's ,introduction1 p4 #af4 ,hum\r is ! mak+ o!rs act or talk absurdly4--,hazlitt's ,lectures4 ,!re are rem>kable in/ances ( _! n affect+ ea* o!r4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aej4 ,! leav+ ,cs> out ( ! commission 0 n f any slight4--,life ( ,cic]o1 p4 #dd4 ,( ! receiv+ ?is tol]ation ?ankfully ,i %all say no m4--,dryd5's ,works1 p4 #hh4 ,h5rietta 0 delight$ ) ,julia's work+ lace s v well4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bee4 ,& x is f _! repres5t+ ea* two diff]5t words t ! confusion has aris54--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #db4 s*ylus di$ ( a fracture ( 8 skull1 caus$ by an eagle's lett+ fall a tortoise on 8 head4--,biog4 ,dict4 ,he d\bt$ _! hav+ x4--,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,! mak+ ourselves cle>ly und]/ood1 is ! *ief end ( spee*4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #fh4 ,!re is no discov]+ 9 _! c\nt5ances1 any signs :i* are ! natural concomitants ( ! feel+s ( ! he>t4--,ib41 p4 #afe4 ,no?+ c be m common or less prop] ?an to speak ( a riv]'s empty+ itself4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ahf4 ,our n us+ ! =m] expression1 is ow+ to ?is4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,disposal ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,to ?is g5]ally succe$s ! division1 or ! lay+ d[n ! me?od ( ! disc\rse4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #caa4 ,to ! pull+ d[n ( /rong holds4--#b ,cor41 x1 #d4 ,c a m]e buckl+ on a milit>y weapon infuse c\rage8--,br[n's ,e/imate1 i1 #fb4 ,liv+ exp5sively & luxuri\sly de/roys heal?4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bcd4 ,by liv+ frugally & temp]ately1 heal? is pres]v$4--,ibid4 ,by liv+ temp]ately1 our heal? is promot$4--,ib41 p4 #bbg4 ,by ! do+ away ( ! necessity4--,! ,fri5d1 xiii1 #aeg4 ,he recomm5d$ to !m1 h[ev]1 ! imm$iately call+ ( ! :ole community to ! *ur*4--,gregory's ,dict41 w4 ,v5triloquism4 ,! sep>ation ( l>ge numb]s 9 ?is mann] c]ta9ly facilitates ! read+ !m rightly4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cjc4 ,f _! m]ely admitt+ ( a tw(old grammatical con/ruction4--,philol4 ,museum1 i4 #djc4 ,8 gravely lectur+ 8 fri5d ab\t x4--,ib41 i1 #dgh4 ,= ! blott+ out ( s94--,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #adj4 ,f ! n us+ ( wat]4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ahi4 ,by ! g5tle dropp+ 9 ( a pebble4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #abe4 ,to ! c>ry+ on a great "p ( t g5]al c\rse ( nature4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #abg4 ,!n ! n int]pos+ is s f> f be+ a gr\nd ( compla9t4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,! b>e omission1 or r ! n employ+ ( :at is us$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ahj2 ,jamieson's1 #dh4 ,br++ toge!r incongru\s adv]bs is a v common fault4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cbi4 ,?is is a presumptive pro( ( its n proce$+ f !m4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ahf4 ,x repres5ts him 9 a "* to :i* ! act+ unju/ly is peculi>ly unsuitable4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cgb4 ,!y w aim at some?+ high] ?an m]ely ! deal+ out ( h>moni\s s\nds4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #fe4 ,?is is intelligible & suffici5t2 & go+ f>!r seems beyond ! rea* ( our faculties4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #adg4 ,apo/rophe is a turn+ (f f ! regul> c\rse ( ! subject4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cdh2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #ahe4 ,ev5 ,isabella 0 f9ally prevail$ ^u to ass5t to ! s5d+ out a commission to inve/igate 8 conduct4--,life ( ,columbus4 ,= ! turn+ away ( ! simple %all slay !m4--,prov41 i1 #cb4 ,?ick f+]s always %\ld comm& ,)\t ! /ret*+ out ! h&4--,k+'s ,poems1 p4 #ehe4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,p>ticiples ,,) ,,adjectives4 ,is !re any ,scripture speaks ( ! light's be+ inw>d8--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #cfg4 ,= ,i believe n ! be+ positive !re9 ess5tial to salvation4--,ib41 iii1 #ccj4 ,our n be+ able to act an uni=m "r "p )\t "s ?\ght & c>e4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #abb4 ,^u supposition ( its be+ reconcileable ) ! con/itution ( nature4--,ib41 p4 #abh4 ,^u acc\nt ( its n be+ discov]able by reason or exp]i5ce4--,ib41 p4 #agj4 ,^u acc\nt ( _! be+ unlike ! kn[n c\rse ( nature4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,our be+ able to disc]n reasons = !m1 gives a positive cr$ibility to ! hi/ory ( !m4--,ib41 p4 #agd4 ,f its n be+ univ]sal4--,ib41 p4 #age4 ,t !y may be turn$ into ! passive p>ticiple 9 dus is no decisive argum5t 9 fav\r ( _! be+ passive4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bcc4 ,) ! impli$ idea ( ,/4 ,paul's be+ !n abs5t f ! ,cor9?ians4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #abc4 ,on acc\nt ( its becom+ gradually weak]1 until x f9ally dies away into sil5ce4--,ib41 p4 #cb4 ,n )\t ! au?or's be+ fully aw>e4--,ib41 p4 #hd4 ,be+ witty out ( season1 is "o sort ( folly4--,%effield's ,works1 ii4 #agb4 ,its be+ g5]ally susceptible ( a mu* /rong] evid5ce4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ajb4 ,at lea/ _! be+ su* r>ely enhance? our op9ion1 ei!r ( _! abilities or ( _! virtues4--,ib41 p4 #afb4 ,:i* 7 ! gr\nd ( our be+ "o4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #eac4 ,b !y may be di/+ui%$ f x by _! be+ intransitive4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #fj4 ,to di/+ui% ! high] degree ( our p]suasion ( a ?+'s be+ possible4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bcd4 ,8 be+ idle1 & di%one/ too1 ,0 t :i* caus'd 8 utt] ov]?r[4--,tobitt's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,comp\nd ,,v]bal ,,n\ns4 ,:5 x d5otes be+ subject$ to ! ex]tion ( ano!r4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #cg4 ,9 a passive s5se1 x signifies be+ subject$ to ! influ5ce ( ! action4--,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #fj4 ,! be+ ab&on$ by our fri5ds is v deplorable4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aha4 ,)\t wait+ = _! be+ attack$ by ! ,mac$onians4--,ib41 ii1 #ig4 ,9 progress ( "t1 words 7 want$ to express m5's be+ connect$ ) c]ta9 conditions ( =tune4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ace4 ,our be+ made acqua9t$ ) pa9 & sorr[1 has a t5d5cy to br+ u to a settl$ mod]ation4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aba4 ,! *ancellor's be+ atta*$ to ! k+ secur$ 8 cr[n2 ,! g5]al's hav+ fail$ 9 ?is ent]prise occasion$ 8 disgrace2 ,john's hav+ be5 writ+ a long "t _h we>i$ him4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ff2 ,sanborn's1 #aga2 ,coop]'s1 #if2 ,+]soll's1 #df2 ,fisk's1 #hc2 & o!rs4 ,! s5t5ce %\ld be1 ',john's hav+ be5 writ+ a long "t has we>i$ him4'--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ahf4 ,mu* dep5ds on ?is rule's be+ obs]v$4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #aie4 ,he m5tion$ a boy's hav+ be5 correct$ = 8 faults2 ,! boy's hav+ be5 correct$ is %ameful to him4--,alg]'s ,gram41 p4 #fe2 ,m]*ant's1 #ic4 ,! great] ! difficulty ( remembrance is1 & ! m important ! be+ rememb]$ is to ! atta9m5t ( ! ultimate end4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ij4 ,if ! p>ts 9 ! composition ( simil> objects 7 always 9 equal quantity1 _! be+ comp\nd$ w\ld make no odds4--,ib41 p4 #fe4 ,circum/ances1 n ( su* importance z t ! scope ( ! relation is affect$ by _! be+ kn[n4--,ib41 p4 #cgi4 ,a passive v]b expresses ! receiv+ ( an action or ! be+ act$ ^u2 z1 ',john is beat5'--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,s our ,language has ano!r great ,advantage1 namely its n be+ div]sifi$ by ,g5d]s4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,! hav+ be5 sl&]$ is no fault ( ,pet]4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,)\t be+ ,*ri/'s fri5ds1 !re is no be+ ju/ifi$4--,william ,p5n4 ,be+ accu/om$ to dang]1 begets intrepidity1 i4e4 less5s fe>4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aab4 ,x is1 n be+ affect$ s & s1 b act+1 :i* =ms ^? habits4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,9 ord] to our be+ satisfi$ ( ! tru? ( ! app>5t p>adox4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afd4 ,tropes consi/ 9 a ^w's be+ employ$ to signify some?+ t is diff]5t f its orig9al & primitive mean+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acb2 ,jamieson's1 #adj2 ,murray's ,gram41 #ccg2 ,kirkham's1 #bbb4 ,a ,trope consi/s 9 a ^w's be+ employ$1 c4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,! scriptural view ( our be+ sav$ f puni%m5t4--,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #abd4 ,to submit & obey1 is n a r5\nc+ a be+ l$ by ! ,_s4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #edb4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples ,,= ,,inf9itives1 ,c4 ,tea*+ little *ildr5 is a pleasant employm5t4--,b>tlett's ,s*ool ,manual1 ii1 #fh4 ,d5y+ or compromis+ pr9ciples ( tru? is virtually d5y+ _! div9e ,au?or4--,re=m]1 i1 #cd4 ,a sev]e critic might po9t out "s expressions t w\ld be> be+ retr5*$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bjf4 ,nev] attempt prolong+ ! pa!tic too mu*4--,ib41 p4 #cbc4 ,i n[ recollect hav+ m5tion$ a report ( t nature4-- ,:it+'s ,read]1 p4 #acb4 ,nor ( ! necessity :i* !re is = _! be+ re/ra9$ 9 !m4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aaf4 ,b do+ :at ,god comm&s1 because he comm&s x1 is ob$i5ce1 ?\gh x proce$s f hope or fe>4--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,simply clos+ ! no/rils does n s entirely prev5t resonance4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dhd4 ,yet !y absolutely refuse do+ s4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bfd4 ,b ,artax]xes c\ld n refuse p>don+ him4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #agc4 ,do+ !m 9 ! be/ mann] is signifi$ by ! "n ( ^! arts4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #cfj4 ,behav+ well = ! "t to come1 may be insuffici5t4 --,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aih4 ,! compil] propos$ publi%+ t "p by itself4--,dr4 ,adam1 ,rom4 ,antiq41 p4 v4 ,to smile ^u ^? we %\ld c5sure1 is br++ guilt ^u ourselves4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ajh4 ,b x w\ld be do+ great inju/ice to t illu/ri\s orator to br+ 8 g5ius d[n to ! same level4--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,d\bt+ ?+s g ill1 (t5 hurts m ?an to be sure !y d4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bjc4 ,?is is call$ /ra9+ a metaphor4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aej2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cda4 ,?is is :at ,ari/otle calls giv+ mann]s to ! poem4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dbg4 ,! pa9t]'s be+ entirely conf9$ to t "p ( "t :i* he has *os51 deprives him ( ! p[] ( exhibit+ v>i\s /ages ( ! same action4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aie4 ,x imports retr5*+ all sup]fluities1 & prun+ ! expression4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #id2 ,jamieson's1 #fd2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cja2 ,kirkham's1 #bbj4 ,! necessity = our be+ ?us exempt$ is fur!r app>5t4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #dj4 ,h] situation 9 life does n all[ ( h] be+ g5teel 9 e ?+4--,ib41 p4 #eg4 ,provid$ y d n dislike be+ dirty :5 y are invisible4--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,!re is n[ an imp]i\s necessity = h] be+ acqua9t$ ) h] title to et]nity4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,disc>d+ ! re/ra9ts ( virtue1 is misnam$ +5u\sness4--,ib41 p4 #aje4 ,! legislature prohibits op5+ %op ( a ,sunday4--,ib41 p4 #ff4 ,to attempt prov+ t any ?+ is "r4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bef4 ,! comma directs mak+ a pause ( a second 9 duration1 or less4--,ib41 p4 #bhj4 ,! rule :i* directs putt+ o!r words into ! place ( x1 is wrong4--,ib41 p4 #cbf4 ,!y direct call+ ! specify+ adjectives or adnames adjective pron\ns4-- ,ib41 p4 #cch4 ,william dislikes att5d+ c\rt4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,x may p]haps be wor? :ile rem>k+ t ,milton makes a di/9ction4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #fei4 ,pr(ess+ reg>d1 & act+ diff]5tly1 discov] a base m9d4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bjf2 ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 pp4 #hb & #aab2 ,l5nie's1 #eh4 ,pr(ess+ reg>d & act+ indiff]5tly1 discov] a base m9d4--,weld's ,gram41 ,improv$ ,edition1 p4 #ei4 ,y h prov$ beyond contradiction1 t act+ ?us is ! sure way to procure su* an object4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ib4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,p>ticiples ,,aft] ,,be1 ,,is1 ,c4 ,irony is express+ ourselves 9 a mann] contr>y to our ?\ghts4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cec2 ,kirkham's1 #bbe2 ,goldsbury's1 #ij4 ,irony is say+ "o ?+ & mean+ ! rev]se ( :at t expression w\ld repres5t4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cjc4 ,an ,irony is dissembl+ or *ang+ ! prop] signification ( a ^w or s5t5ce to q ! contr>y4--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,irony is express+ ourselves contr>y to :at we mean4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bhj4 ,?is is 9 a great ,measure deliv]+ _! own ,compositions4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 xxvi4 ,b purity is us+ rightly ! words ( ! language4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ei4 ,b ! mo/ important object is settl+ ! ,engli% quantity4--,walk]'s ,key4 p4 #ag4 ,:5 !re is no aff9ity1 ! transition f "o mean+ to ano!r is tak+ a v wide /ep4-- ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bic4 ,x w\ld be los+ "t to attempt fur!r to illu/rate x4--,ib41 p4 #gi4 ,?is is leav+ ! s5t5ce too b>e1 & mak+ x to be1 if n nons5se1 h>dly s5se4--,cobbett's ,gram41 #bbj4 ,?is is requir+ m lab\rs f e private memb]4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #abj4 ,is n ?is us+ "o measure = our neighb\rs1 & ano!r = ourselves8--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,is x n *>g+ ,god fooli%ly1 :5 we give ^! d>k col\r+s to human nature8--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,?is is n endur+ ! cross z a disciple ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 b snat*+ at x l a p>tizan ( ,swift's ,jack4--,ib41 p4 #age4 ,:at is ,spell+8 ,x is comb9+ lett]s to =m syllables & words4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,x is *oos+ su* lett]s to compose words1 c4--,ibid4 ,:at is ,p>s+8 7#a47 ,x is describ+ ! nature1 use1 & p[]s ( words4--,ib41 pp4 #bb & #aib4 7#b47 ,= p>s+ is describ+ ! words ( a s5t5ce z !y are us$4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 7#c47 ,p>s+ is only describ+ ! nature & relations ( words z !y are us$4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 7#d47 ,p>s+1 let ! pupil und]/& & rememb]1 is describ+ facts conc]n+ words2 or repres5t+ !m 9 _! (fices & relations z !y are4--,ib41 p4 #cd4 7#e47 ,p>s+ is resolv+ & expla9+ words accord+ to ! rules ( gramm>4--,ib41 p4 #cbf4 7#f47 ,p>s+ a ^w1 rememb]1 is enum]at+ & describ+ its v>i\s relations & qualities1 & its grammatical relations to o!r words 9 ! s5t5ce4--,ib41 p4 #cbe4 7#g47 ,= p>s+ a ^w is enum]at+ & describ+ its v>i\s prop]ties & relations to ! s5t5ce4--,ib41 p4 #cbf4 7#h47 ,p>s+ a n\n is tell+ ( :at p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 & case1 x is2 & also tell+ all its grammatical relations 9 a s5t5ce ) respect to o!r words4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #af4 7#i47 ,p>s+ any "p ( spee* is tell+ all its prop]ties & relations4--,ibid4 7#aj47 ,p>s+ is resolv+ a s5t5ce into its elem5ts4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 #ehh4 ,! highway ( ! righte\s is1 dep>t+ f evil4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #afh4 ,besides1 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds exhibit+ tru? %\ld be remov+ ! veil ( error4--,ib41 p4 #cgg4 ,punctuation is divid+ s5t5ces & ! words ( s5t5ces1 by pauses4--,ib41 p4 #bhj4 ,ano!r fault is us+ ! pret]imp]fect %ook in/ead ( ! p>ticiple %ak5--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bei4 ,h] employm5t is draw+ maps4--,alg]'s ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,go+ to ! play1 accord+ to 8 notion1 is lead+ a s5sual life1 & expos+ ones self to ! /ronge/ temptations4 ,?is is begg+ ! "q1 & !re= requires no answ]4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #bag4 ,x is ov]valu+ ourselves to r$uce e ?+ to ! n>r[ measure ( our capacities4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aic2 ,+]soll's1 #aii4 ,:at is vocal language8 ,x is speak+2 or express+ ideas by ! human voice4--,s&]s1 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #g4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,v]bs ,,( ,,prev5t+4 ,! annull+ p[] ( ! con/itution prev5t$ t enactm5t's becom+ a law4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bfg4 ,:i* prev5ts ! mann]'s be+ brief4--,ib41 p4 #cfe4 ,?is close prev5ts _! be>+ =w>d z nom9atives4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #aec4 ,because ?is prev5ts its gr[+ dr[zy4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #e4 ,yet ?is does n prev5t 8 be+ great4--,ib41 p4 #bg4 ,to prev5t its be+ insipid4--,ib41 p4 #aab4 ,or ^: int]ruptions did n prev5t its be+ cont9u$4--,ib41 p4 #afg4 ,?is by no means prev5ts _! be+ also puni%m5ts4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #abc4 ,?is h9d]s n _! be+ also1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 puni%m5ts4--,ibid41 ,! noise made by ! ra9 & w9d prev5t$ _! be+ he>d4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aah4 ,he endeav\r$ to prev5t its tak+ effect4--,ib41 i1 #abh4 ,s seque/]$ z to prev5t _! be+ explor$4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #fb4 ,:o prev5t$ h] mak+ a m pleasant p>ty4--,ib41 p4 #fe4 ,to prev5t our be+ toss$ ab\t by e w9d ( doctr9e4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,aft] ! infirmities ( age prev5t$ 8 be>+ 8 "p ( (ficial duty4--,religi\s ,_w1 ii1 #aic4 ,to prev5t spl5did trifles pass+ = matt]s ( importance4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #caj4 ,:i* prev5ts 8 ex]t+ himself to any good purpose4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #adf4 ,! want ( ! obs]vance ( ?is rule1 v frequ5tly prev5ts our be+ punctual 9 our duties4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #fe4 ,no?+ w prev5t 8 be+ a /ud5t1 & 8 possess+ ! means ( /udy4--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,does ! pres5t accid5t h9d] y\r be+ hone/ & brave8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ea4 ,! e is omitt$ to prev5t two es com+ toge!r4--,f[le's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,a pron\n is us$ = or 9 place ( a n\n4--to prev5t repeat+ ! n\n4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,div]sity 9 ! /yle relieves ! e>1 & prev5ts x be+ tir$ ) ! too frequ5t recurr5ce ( ! rhymes4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aff4 ,div]sity 9 ! /yle relieves ! e>1 & prev5ts its be+ tir$1 c4--,murray's ,gram41 i4 p4 #cfb4 ,timidity & false %ame prev5t our oppos+ vici\s cu/oms4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bcf2 ,sanborn's ,gram41 #aga2 ,m]*ant's1 #bje4 ,to prev5t _! be+ mov$ by su*4-- ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aee4 ,"s ob/acle or imp$im5t1 t prev5ts its tak+ place4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,:i* prev5ts our mak+ a progress t[>ds p]fection4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #d4 ,?is me?od ( di/+ui%+ words1 mu/ prev5t any regul> proportion ( "t be+ settl$4--,ib41 p4 #fg4 ,t no?+ b affectation c prev5t its always tak+ place4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,?is did n prev5t ,john's be+ ackn[l$g$ & solemnly inaugurat$ ,duke ( ,norm&y4--,,h5ry3 ,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #ahb2 8 ,improv$ ,gram41 #acj2 ,sanborn's ,gram41 #ahi2 ,f[l]'s1 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #eda4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,! ,,lead+ ,,^w ,,9 ,,s5se4 ,?is w\ld preclude ! possibility ( a n\ns' or any o!r ^w's ev] be+ 9 ! possessive case4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cch4 ,a great "p ( our pleasure arises f ! plan or /ory be+ well conduct$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ah1 ,& we h no reason to wond] at ?is be+ ! case4--,ib41 p4 #bdi4 ,%e object$ only1 z ,cic]o says1 to ,oppianicus hav+ two sons by 8 pres5t wife4--,ib41 p4 #bgd4 ,! ,britons be+ subdu$ by ! ,saxons1 0 a necess>y consequ5ce ( _! hav+ call$ 9 ^! ,saxons1 to _! assi/ance4--,ib41 p4 #cbi4 ,:at he _h !re said1 conc]n+ ! ,saxons expell+ ! ,britons1 & *ang+ ! cu/oms1 ! religion1 & ! language ( ! c\ntry1 is a cle> & good reason = our pres5t language be+ ,saxon r ?an ,briti%4--,ib41 p4 #bcj4 ,! only mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 besides ! "o be+ %ort & ! o!r be+ prolong$1 is1 t a metaphor always expla9s itself by ! words t are connect$ ) x4--,ib41 p4 #aea2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cdb4 ,! description ( ,dea?'s advanc+ to meet ,satan1 on 8 arrival4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #aef4 ,is n ! b>e fact ( ,god be+ ! witness ( x1 suffici5t gr\nd = its cr$ibility to re/ ^u8--,*alm]s1 ,s]m41 p4 #bhh4 ,z 9 ! case ( "o ent]+ ^u a new /udy4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #gg4 ,! mann] ( ^! affect+ ! copula is call$ ! imp]ative mode4--,,bp4 ,,wilk9s3 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,we are fre$ f ! tr\ble1 by our n\ns hav+ no div]sity ( end+s4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #bj4 ,! ,v]b is r indicative ( ! actions be+ do+1 or done1 ?an ! "t :51 b inde$ ! ideas are undi/+ui%able4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #fi4 ,nobody w\ld d\bt ( ?is be+ a suffici5t pro(4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ff4 ,aga9/ ! doctr9e "h ma9ta9$1 ( consci5ce be+1 z well z reason1 a natural faculty4--,beattie's ,m4 ,sci41 i1 #bfc4 ,x is "o cause ( ! ,greek & ,engli% languages be+ mu* m easy to le>n1 ?an ! ,lat94--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,i h n be5 able to make out a solit>y in/ance ( su* be+ ! fact4--,lib]ator1 x1 #dj4 ,an angel's =m+ ! appe>ance ( a h&1 & writ+ ! k+'s condemnation on ! wall1 *eck$ _! mir?1 & fill$ !m ) t]ror4--,wood's ,dict41 w4 ,bel%azz>4 ,! prison]s' hav+ attempt$ to escape1 ar\s$ ! keep]s4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ceg4 ,i d\bt n1 9 ! lea/1 ( ?is hav+ be5 "o cause ( ! multiplication ( div9ities 9 ! hea!n _w4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aee4 ,f ! g5]al rule he lays d[n1 ( ! v]bs be+ ! p>5t ^w ( all language4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bbg4 ,he 0 accus$ ( himself be+ idle4--,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,our meet+ is g5]ally dissatisfi$ ) him s remov+4--,wm4 ,edmondson4 ,! spectacle is too r>e ( m5's des]v+ solid fame :ile n seek+ x4--,pr(4 ,bu%'s ,lecture on ,sw$5borg4 ,:at fur!r ne$ 0 !re ( an o!r prie/ ris+8--,see ,key4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,ref]5ce ,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,view+ !m sep>ately1 diff]5t emotions are produc$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cdd4 ,b leav+ ?is d\btful1 ano!r objection occurs4--,ib41 ii1 #ceh4 ,proce$+ f "o p>ticul> to ano!r1 ! subject grew "u 8 h&4--,ib41 i1 #bg4 ,b ?is is /ill an int]ruption1 & a l9k ( ! *a9 brok54--,ib41 ii1 #cad4 ,aft] "s days hunt+1 ,cyrus communicat$ 8 design to 8 (fic]s4--,roll91 ii1 #ff4 ,b x is made1 )\t ! appe>ance ( mak+ x 9 =m4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ceh4 ,^! w\ld h _h a bett] effect disjo9$ ?us4--,ib41 p4 #aai2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cji4 ,an improp] diph?ong has b "o ( ! v[els s\nd$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #i2 ,alg]'s1 #ab2 ,m]*ant's1 #i2 ,smi?'s1 #aah2 ,+]soll's1 #d4 ,& be+ l$ to ?9k ( bo? toge!r1 my view is r5d]$ un/eady4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ie2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cjb2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #ff4 ,by (t5 do+ ! same ?+1 x becomes habitual4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #beg4 ,!y rema9 ) u 9 our d>k & solit>y h\rs1 no less ?an :5 surr\nd$ ) fri5ds & *e]ful society4--,ib41 p4 #bch4 ,besides %ew+ :at is "r1 ! matt] may be fur!r expla9$ by po9t+ out :at is wrong4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 viii4 ,! =m] tea*es ! true pronunciation ( words1 compris+ acc5t1 quantity1 emphasis1 pause1 & tone4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol41 i1 p4 #bce4 ,p]sons may be reprov$ = _! neglig5ce1 by say+2 ',y h tak5 great c>e inde$4'--,ib41 i1 #ced4 ,! words prec$+ & foll[+ x1 are 9 apposition to ea* o!r4--,ib41 ii1 p4 #bb4 ,hav+ f9i%$ 8 spee*1 ! assembly disp]s$4--,coop]'s ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,7 ! voice to fall at ! close ( ! la/ l9e1 z _m a read] is 9 ! habit ( do+4-- ,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aja4 ,! mis=tunes ( 8 c\ntrym5 7 b negatively ! effects ( 8 wra?1 by depriv+ !m ( 8 assi/ance4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bii4 ,tak+ !m z n\ns1 ?is con/ruction may be expla9$ ?us4--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #bcc4 ,^! h an active signification1 ^? :i* come f neut] v]bs be+ except$4--,ib41 p4 #bcc4 ,f ! evid5ce ( x n be+ univ]sal4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #hd4 ,& ?is fai? w cont9ually gr[1 by acqua9t+ ourselves ) our own nature4--,*ann+'s ,self-,culture1 p4 #cc4 ,monosyllables end+ ) any consonant b f1 l1 or s1 & prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 nev] d\ble ! f9al consonant2 except+ add1 ebb1 c4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bc2 ,picket's1 #aj2 ,m]*ant's1 #ac2 ,+]soll's1 #h2 ,fisk's1 #dd2 ,blair's1 #g4 ,! relation ( be+ ! object ( ! action is express$ by ! *ange ( ! ,n\n ,m>ia to ,m>iam--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #ch4 ,9 analyz+ a proposition1 x is fir/ to be divid$ into its logical subject & pr$icate4--,&rews & ,/odd>d's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #bed4 ,9 analyz+ a simple s5t5ce1 x %\ld fir/ be resolv$ into its logical subject & logical pr$icate4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #ahi4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,( ,,p>ticiples ,,& ,,n\ns4 ,! discov]+ passions in/antly at _! bir?1 is ess5tial to our well be+4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ceb4 ,i am n[ to ent] on consid]+ ! s\rces ( ! pleasures ( ta/e4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bh4 ,! v>ieties 9 us+ !m are1 inde$ _m4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cai4 ,*ang+ times & seasons1 remov+ & sett+ up k+s1 belong to ,provid5ce alone4--,ib41 ,key1 ii1 p4 #bjj4 ,adh]+ to ! p>titions seem$ ! cause ( ,france1 accept+ ! w t ( ! h\se ( ,b\rbon4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #bdf4 ,ano!r s\rce ( d>kness 9 compos+ is1 ! injudici\s introduction ( te*nical words & phrases4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bdg4 ,^! are ! rules ( gramm>1 by ! obs]v+ ( :i*1 y may avoid mi/akes4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aib2 ,m]*ant's1 #ic2 ,fisk's1 #ace2 ,+]soll's1 #aih4 ,by ! obs]v+ ( ! rules y may avoid mi/akes4--,alg]'s ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,by ! obs]v+ ( ^! rules he succe$$4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,be+ prais$ 0 8 ru94--,ibid4 ,deceiv+ is n conv9c+4-- ,ibid4 ,he nev] fe>$ los+ a fri5d4--,ibid4 ,mak+ books is 8 amusem5t4--,alg]'s ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,we call x decl9+ a n\n4-- ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,wa%+ton1 h[ev]1 pursu$ ! same policy ( neutrality1 & oppos$ firmly1 tak+ any "p 9 ! w>s ( ,europe4--,hall & ,bak]'s ,s*ool ,hi/41 p4 #bid4 ,! foll[+ is a note ( ,int]rogation1 or ask+ a "q 7874--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #acb4 ,! foll[+ is a note ( ,admiration1 or express+ wond] 7674--,ib4 ,omitt+ or us+ ! article a =ms a nice di/9ction 9 ! s5se4--,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #bhd4 ,plac+ ! preposition be=e ! ^w x gov]ns is m graceful4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,assi/ance is absolutely necess>y to _! recov]y1 & retriev+ _! affairs4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aig4 ,:i* t]m9ation1 i%1 :5 add$ to adjectives1 imports dim9ution1 or less5+ ! quality4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aca2 ,kirkham's1 #agb4 ,aft] :at is said1 w x be ?\ght ref9+ too mu* to sugge/1 t ! diff]5t ord]s are qualifi$ = diff]5t purposes8--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #aad4 ,:o has no?+ to ?9k ( b kill+ "t4--,we/'s ,lett]s1 p4 #eh4 ,x requires no nicety ( e>1 z 9 ! di/+ui%+ ( tones1 or measur+ "t4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #fe4 ,! ,possessive ,case d5otes possession1 or belong+ to4--,hall's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,p]fect ,,p>ticiples4 ,g>cilasso 0 ma/] ( ! language spoke by ! ,incas4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 ii1 #dei4 ,:5 an int]e/+ /ory is broke (f 9 ! middle4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bdd4 ,speak+ ( ,hannibal's elephants drove back by ! enemy4--,ib41 ii1 #cb4 ,if ,du ,ry] _h n wrote = bread1 he w\ld h equall$ !m4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #aff4 ,pope describes a rock broke (f f a m\nta91 & hurl+ to ! pla94--,kames1 ii1 #ajf4 ,i h wrote or h writt51 ,?\ ha/ wrote or ha/ writt54 ,he ha? or has wrote1 or ha? or has writt52 c4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #dg2 ,maltby's1 #dg4 ,?is 0 spoke by a pagan4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #agd4 ,b ,i h *ose to foll[ ! common arrangem5t4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,! language spoke 9 ,b5gal4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,& s\nd ,sleep ?us broke (f1 ) sudda9 ,al>ms1 is apt en\gh to discompose any "o4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cb4 ,?is is n only ! ,case ( ^? ,op5 ,s9n]s1 be=e spoke (4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #bf4 ,"s ,gramm>ians h wrote a v p]plex$ & difficult doctr9e on ,punctuation4--,ensell's ,gram41 p4 #cdj4 ,!re ha? a pity arose 9 me t[>ds !e4--,sewel's ,hi/41 fol41 p4 #cbd4 ,abel is ! only man t has und]w5t ! awful *ange ( dea?4--,juv5ile ,!atre1 p4 #d4 ,meantime1 on ,afric's gl[+ s&s1 ,smote ) ke5 heat1 ! ,trav'l] /&s4--,union ,poems1 p4 #hh4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,adv]bs4 ,! syntax ( an ,adv]b consi/s 9 its simple relation to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or :atev] else x qualifies2 j z ! syntax ( an ,engli% ,adjective1 7except 9 a few in/ances17 consi/s 9 its simple relation to a n\n or a pron\n4 ,,rule ,,xxi4--,,adv]bs4 ,adv]bs relate to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs3 z1 ,any passion t habitually discomposes our temp]1 or unfits u = prop]ly dis*>g+ ! duties ( life1 has mo/ c]ta9ly ga9$ a v dang]\s asc5d5cy4--,blair4 ,h[ bless'd ?is happy h\r1 %\ld he appe>1 ,de> to u all1 to me supremely de>6--,pope's ,hom]4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,! adv]bs yes1 ay1 & yea1 express+ a simple affirmation1 & ! adv]bs no & nay1 express+ a simple negation1 are always indep5d5t4 ,!y g5]ally answ] a "q1 & are equival5t to a :ole s5t5ce4 ,is x cle>1 t !y ought to be call$ adv]bs8 ,no4 ,c hon\r set to a leg8 ,no4 ,or an arm8 ,no4 ,or take away ! grief ( a w\nd8 ,no4 ,hon\r ha? no skill 9 surg]y !n8 ,no4--,,%ak43 ,fir/ ,"p ( ,h54 ,,iv1 ,act v1 #a4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,! ^w am51 :i* is commonly call$ an adv]b1 is (t5 us$ indep5d5tly at ! beg9n+ or end ( a decl>ation or a pray]2 & is itself a pray]1 mean+1 ,s let x be3 z1 ,surely1 ,i come quickly4 ,am53 ,ev5 s1 come ,"l ,jesus4--,rev41 xxii1 #bj4 ,:5 x does n /& ?us alone1 x seems 9 g5]al to be us$ sub/antively2 z1 ,! /rang]s among !m /ood on ,g]izim1 & e*o$ am5 to ! bless+s4--,wood's ,dict4 ,^! ?+s sai? ! ,am54--,rev41 iii1 #ad ,,exception ,,?ird4 ,an adv]b be=e a preposition seems sometimes to relate to ! latt]1 r ?an to ! v]b or p>ticiple to :i* ! preposition connects its object2 z1 ,?is mode ( pronunciation runs consid]ably beyond ord9>y disc\rse4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccd4 ,yea1 all along ! times ( ! apo/asy1 ?is 0 ! ?+ t pres]v$ ! witnesses4--,p5+ton's ,works1 ,vol4 iv1 p4 #ab4 ,see ,obs4 #h? on ,rule #g?4 ,"r aga9/ ! ea/]n gate1 ,:]e ! great sun beg9s 8 /ate4--,milton1 ,l',allegro4 ,,exception ,,f\r?4 ,! words mu*1 little1 f>1 & all1 be+ orig9ally adjectives1 are sometimes prec$$ by ! negative n1 or 7except ! la/7 by su* an adv]b z too1 h[1 ?us1 s1 or z1 :5 !y are tak5 sub/antively2 z1 ,n all t glitt]s1 is gold4--,too mu* %\ld n be (f]$ at once4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,?us f> is consi/5t4--,ib41 p4 #afa4 ,?us f> is "r4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aja4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xxi4 ,,obs4 #a4--,on ?is rule ( syntax1 ,dr4 ,adam rem>ks1 ,adv]bs sometimes likewise qualify sub/antives2 & gives ,lat9 examples ( ! foll[+ import3 ,hom] pla9ly an orator3--,truly ,metellus2--,to-morr[ morn+4 ,b ?is doctr9e is n well prov$ by su* imp]fect phrases1 nor c x ev] be v consi/5tly admitt$1 because x de/roys ! *>act]i/ic diff]5ce betwe5 an adjective & an adv]b4 ,to-morr[ is "h an adjective2 & z = truly & pla9ly1 !y are n su* words z c make s5se ) n\ns4 ,i !re=e imag9e ! phrases to be elliptical3 ,v] ,metellus1 may mean1 ,?is is truly ,metellus2 & ,hom]us plan orator1 ,hom] 0 pla9ly an orator4 ,s1 9 ! example1 ,behold an ,israelite inde$1 ! true con/ruction seems to be1 ,behold1 "h is inde$ an ,israelite2 =1 9 ! ,greek or ,lat91 ! ^w ,israelite is a nom9ative1 ?us3 ,ecce v] ,isralita4--,beza2 also ,montanus4 ,greek3 ,ide al?os ',israaelits4--,greek ,te/am5t4 ,behold appe>s to be "h an int]jection1 l ,ecce4 ,if we make x a transitive v]b1 ! read+ %\ld be1 ,behold a true ,israelite2 = ! text does n mean1 ,behold inde$ an ,israelite4 ,at lea/1 ?is is n ! mean+ 9 our v]sion4 ,w4 ,h4 ,wells1 cit+ z au?orities = ! doctr9e1 ,bullions1 ,all5 & ,cornwell1 ,brace1 ,butl]1 & ,webb]1 has ! foll[+ rem>k3 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 =ms ( expression 9 :i* adv]bs be> a special relation to n\ns or pron\ns2 z1 ',behold ,i1 ev5 ,i1 d br+ a flood ( wat]s4'--,g54 #f3 #ag4 ',= our gospel came n unto y 9 ^w only1 b also 9 p[]4'--#a ,!s4 #a3 #e4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aef2 late ,ed41 #afh4 ,& aga91 9 8 ,punctuation1 we f9d ?is3 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! int]v5+ ^w is an adv]b1 ! comma is m commonly omitt$2 z1 ',x is labor only :i* gives a reli% to pleasure4'--,ib41 p4 #agf4 ,f all ?is1 ! doctr9e receives no bett] support ?an f ,adam's sugge/ion above consid]$4 ,! ^w only is (t5 an adjective1 & :]ev] its special relation is to a n\n or a pron\n1 x c be no?+ else4 ,ev51 :5 x introduces a ^w repeat$ ) emphasis1 is a conjunction4 ,,obs4 #b4--,:5 p>ticiples become n\ns1 _! adv]bs are n unfrequ5tly left /&+ ) !m 9 _! orig9al relation2 z1 ,= ! fall & ris+ aga9 ( _m 9 ,israel4--,luke1 ii1 #cd4 ,to d5ote ! c>ry+ =w>d ( ! action4--,b>n>d's ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,b 9 in/ances l ^!1 ! hyph5 seems to be necess>y4 ,?is m>k w\ld make ! t]ms ris+-aga9 & c>ry+-=w>d comp\nd n\ns1 & n p>ticipial n\ns ) adv]bs relat+ to !m4 ,!re is no fly+ h5ce1 nor t>ry+ "h4--,%ak41 ,macbe?4 ,:at6 9 ill ?\ghts aga98 m5 mu/ endure ,_! go+ h5ce1 ev'n z _! com+ hi!r4--,id4 ,,obs4 #c4--,:5ev] any ( ^? words :i* are commonly us$ adv]bially1 are made to relate directly to n\ns or pron\ns1 !y mu/ be reckon$ adjectives1 & p>s$ by ,rule #i?4 ,examples3 ,! above v]bs4--,dr4 ,adam4 ,to ! above rem>ks4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cah4 ,! above in/ance4--,ib41 p4 #ddb4 ,aft] ! above p>tial illu/ration4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 ii1 #fb4 ,! above explanation4--,cobbett's ,gram41 #bb4 ,= v age4--,ze*41 viii1 #d4 ,f its v greatness4--,phil4 ,museum1 i1 #dca4 ,9 8 !n situation4--,johnson's ,life ( ,goldsmi?4 ,?is 0 ! !n /ate ( ,pop]y4--,id41 ,life ( ,dryd51 p4 #ahe4 ,! s]vant becomes ! ma/] ( 8 once ma/]4--,%illitoe4 ,"t :5 is put 9 ! ablative1 "t h[ long is put 9 ! accusative4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bja2 ,g\ld's1 #aih4 ,n\ns signify+ ! "t :5 or h[ long1 may be put 9 ! objective case )\t a preposition4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,i he> ! f>-(f curfew s\nd4--,milton4 ,f> on ! ?i!r side4--,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #eh4 ,my hi!r way4--,s9ce my "h rema9 9 ,engl&4--,%ak4 ,b %ort & seldom truce4--,fell4 ,an exce$+ knave4--,pope4 ,accord+ to my sometime promise4--,z5obia1 i1 #agf4 ,?9e (t5 infirmities4--,bible4 ,a f> c\ntry4--,ib4 ,no w9e1--,no new ?+1--,no great] joy4--,ib4 ,no?+ else4--,blair4 ,tomorr[ noon4--,scott4 ,calamity en\gh4--,tr4 ,sallu/4 ,= ?\ only art holy4--,rev41 xv1 #d4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,x is n my design to ju/ify any unc\? sub/itution ( adv]bs = adjectives2 nor d ,i affirm t all ! =ego+ examples are indisputably good ,engli%1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m are s2 b m]ely1 t ! words1 :5 !y are ?us us$1 are adjectives1 & n adv]bs4 ,l9dley ,murray1 & 8 copyi/s1 /rongly condemn "s ( ^! expressions1 &1 by implication1 mo/ or all ( !m2 b bo? he & !y1 z well z o!rs1 h repeat$ly employ$ at lea/ "o ( ! v models !y c5sure4 ,!y are too sev]e on all ^? :i* !y specify4 ,_! objections /& ?us2 ,su* expressions z ! foll[+1 ?\gh n de/itute ( au?ority1 are v inelegant1 & d n suit ! idiom ( our language2 ',! !n m9i/ry1' =1 '! m9i/ry ( t "t2' ',! above disc\rse1' =1 '! prec$+ disc\rse4'--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #aih2 ,crombie's1 #bid2 ,+]soll's1 #bjf4 ,! foll[+ phrases are also exceptionable3 ',! !n m9i/ry2' ',! above argum5t4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,adv]bs us$ z adjectives1 z1 ',! above /atem5t2' ',! !n adm9i/ration2' %\ld be avoid$4--,b>n>d's ,gram41 p4 #bhe4 ,:5 & !n mu/ n be us$ = n\ns & pron\ns2 ?us1 ',s9ce :51' 's9ce !n1' '! !n m9i/ry1' ought to be1 ',s9ce :i* "t1' 's9ce t "t1' '! m9i/ry ( t p]iod4'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 f :om ,murray d]iv$ _m ( 8 critical rem>ks1 notic$ ^! expressions2 &1 7z ,i suppose17 approv+ly2 ?us1 ,adv]bs are (t5 put = adjectives1 agreeably to ! idiom ( ! ,greek tongue3 z1 ',! action 0 amiss4'--',! !n m9i/ry4'--',! idea is alike 9 bo?4'--,addison4 ',! above disc\rse4'--,h>ris4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 z may be se5 above1 ?\ght x n amiss to use !n z ,prie/ley "h cites x2 & = su* a use ( above1 we may quote ! objectors !mselves3 ,to support ! above con/ruction4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #adi2 ,+]soll's1 p4 #bch4 ,9 all ! above in/ances4--,mur41 p4 #bjb2 ,+41 #bcj4 ,to ! above rule4--,mur41 p4 #bgj2 ,+41 #bhc4 ,! same z ! above4--,mur41 p4 #ff2 ,+41 #df4 ,9 su* in/ances z ! above4--,mur41 p4 #bd2 ,+41 #i2 ,kirkham1 #bc4dbg ,,obs4 #e4--,:5 words ( an adv]bial "* are us$ aft] ! mann] ( n\ns1 !y mu/ be p>s$ z n\ns1 & n z adv]bs2 z1 ,! ,son ( ,god--0 n yea & nay1 b 9 him 0 yea4--,bible4 ,= a great :ile to come4--,ib4 ,on ?is p]haps1 ?is p]adv5ture infam\s = lies4--,"y4 ,f ! extreme/ upw>d ( ?9e head4--,%ak4 ,!re are upw>ds ( fifte5 millions ( inhabitants4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bff4 ,in=mation has be5 d]iv$ f upw>ds ( two hundr$ volumes4--,worce/]'s ,hi/41 p4 v4 ,an et]nal n[ does always la/--,c[ley4 ,disc\rse requires an animat$ no4--,c[p]4 ,_! he>ts no pr\d h]eaft] swell$4--,sprague4 ,an adv]b aft] a preposition is us$ sub/antively1 & gov]n$ by ! preposition2 ?\gh p]haps x is n necess>y to call x a common n\n3 z1 ,= upw>ds ( ?irte5 ye>s4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 xvi4 ,t ?\ may/ curse me !m f !nce4--,numb41 xxiii1 #bg4 ,yet = once we'll try4--,dr4 ,frankl94 ,b _m take su* t]ms toge!r1 call+ !m adv]bial phrases4 ,all5 says1 ,two adv]bs sometimes come toge!r2 z1 ',?\ ha/ kept ! good w9e until n[4'--,gram41 p4 #agd4 ,b until is "h m prop]ly a preposition1 gov]n+ n[4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,x is pla91 t :5 words ( an adv]bial =m are us$ ei!r adjectively or sub/antively1 !y _c be p>s$ by ! =ego+ rule1 or expla9$ z hav+ ! ord9>y relation ( adv]bs2 & if ! unusual relation or "* :i* !y ?us assume1 be n ?\ght suffici5t to fix !m 9 ! rank ( adjectives or n\ns1 ! p>s] may describe !m z adv]bs us$ adjectively1 or sub/antively1 & apply ! rule :i* _! assum$ con/ruction requires4 ,b let x be rememb]$1 t adv]bs1 z su*1 nei!r relate to n\ns1 nor assume ! nature ( cases3 b express ! "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]1 ( actions or qualities4 ,9 "s in/ances 9 :i* _! con/ruction may seem n to be reconcilable ) ! common rule1 !re may be suppos$ an ellipsis ( a v]b or a p>ticiple3#dbh z1 ,f ,monday to ,saturday inclusively4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,"h1 ! ,doctor ought to h us$ a comma aft] ,saturday2 = ! adv]b relates1 n to t n\n1 b to ! ^w reckon$1 und]/ood4 ,x 0 well said by ,roscommon1 'too fai?fully is p$antically4'--,com4 ,s*4 ,j\rnal1 i1 #afg4 ,?is say+ ,i suppose to mean1 ,to d a ?+ too fai?fully1 is1 to d x p$antically4 ,&1 ,i say truly1 if !y _h be5 m9dful ( t c\ntry f :5ce !y came out1 !y might h _h opportunity to h return$4--,heb41 xi1 #ae4 ,,obs #g4--,to abbreviate expressions1 & give !m vivacity1 v]bs ( self-motion 7su* z g1 come1 rise1 get1 c47 are sometimes suppress$1 be+ sugge/$ to ! m9d by an emphatic adv]b1 :i* seems to be put = ! v]b1 b does 9 fact relate to x und]/ood2 z1 ,i'll h5ce to ,london1 on a s]i\s matt]4--,%ak4 ,supply g4 ,i'll 94 ,i'll 94 ,foll[ y\r fri5d's c\nsel4 ,i'll 9--,id4 ,supply get4 ,away1 old man2 give me ?y h&2 away4--,id4 ,supply come4 ,love ha? w+s1 & w away--,wall]4 ,supply fly4 ,up1 up1 ,gl5t>k96 r\se !e1 ho6--,scott4 ,supply spr+4 ,h5ry ! ,fif? is cr[n$2 up1 vanity6 ,supply /&4 ,d[n1 royal /ate6 all y sage c\nsellors1 h5ce6--,%ak4 ,supply fall1 & get y4 ,b up1 & ent] n[ into full bliss4--,milton4 ,supply rise4 ,,obs4 #h4--,we h1 on "s occasions1 a s+ul> way ( express+ a transitive action imp]atively1 or emphatically1 by add+ ! preposition ) to an adv]b ( direction2 z1 up ) x1 d[n ) x1 9 ) x1 out ) x1 ov] ) x1 away ) x1 & ! l2 9 :i* con/ruction1 ! adv]b seems to be us$ elliptically z above1 ?\gh ! ins]tion ( ! v]b w\ld totally en]vate or greatly alt] ! expression4 ,examples3 ,%e up ) h] fi/1 & took him on ! face4--,sydney1 9 ,joh4 ,diction>y4 ,away ) him6--,acts1 xxi1 #cf4 ,away ) su* a fell[ f ! e>?4--,ib41 xxii1 #bb4 ,! call+ ( assemblies ,i _c away )--,isaiah1 i1 #ac4 ,h5ce ) d5ial va91 & coy excuse4--,milton's ,comus4 ,+]soll says1 ,sometimes a :ole phrase is us$ z an int]jection1 & we call su* int]jectional phrases3 z1 out ^u him6--away ) him6--,alas1 :at wond]6 c4--,conv]sations on ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,?is me?od ( lump+ toge!r sev]al diff]5t p>ts ( spee* "u ! notion ( "o1 & call+ ! :ole an adv]bial phrase1 a sub/antive phrase1 or an int]jectional phrase1 is b a =c$ put1 by :i* "s gramm>ians w\ld dodge c]ta9 difficulties :i* !y "k n h[ to meet4 ,x is directly repugnant to ! idea ( p>s+2 = ! p>s] ev] deals ) ! p>ts ( spee* z su*1 & n ) :ole phrases 9 ! lump4 ,! =ego+ adv]bs :5 us$ imp]atively1 h "s resemblance to int]jections2 b1 9 "s ( ! examples above cit$1 !y c]ta9ly are n us$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,a conjunctive adv]b usually relates to two v]bs at ! same "t1 & ?us connects two clauses ( a comp\nd s5t5ce2 z1 ,& ! re/ w ,i set 9 ord] :5 ,i come1--#a ,cor41 xi1 #cd4 ,"h :5 is a conjunctive adv]b ( "t1 & relates to ! two v]bs w set & come2 ! mean+ be+1 ,& ! re/ w ,i set 9 ord] at ! "t at :i* ,i come4 ,?is adv]b :5 is (t5 us$ errone\sly 9 lieu ( a nom9ative aft] is1 to :i* con/ruction ( ! ^w1 su* an int]pretation z ! =ego+ w\ld n be applicable2 because ! p]son means to tell1 n :51 b :at1 ! ?+ is1 ( :i* he speaks3 z1 ,ano!r cause ( obscurity is :5 ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce is too mu* complicat$1 or too artificial2 or :5 ! s5se is too long susp5d$ by p>5!ses4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bdf4 ,"h ! conjunction t w\ld be mu* bett] ?an :51 b ! s5t5ce might advantage\sly sp>e !m bo?2 ?us1 ,an o!r cause ( obscurity is too mu* complication1 too artificial a /ructure ( ! s5t5ce1 or too long a susp5sion ( ! s5se by p>5!sis4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,= ! plac+ ( adv]bs1 no def9ite g5]al rule c be giv52 yet is !re no o!r "p ( spee* s liable to be misplac$4 ,^? :i* relate to adjectives1 or to o!r adv]bs1 ) v few exceptions1 imm$iately prec$e !m2 & ^? :i* belong to comp\nd v]bs1 are commonly plac$ aft] ! fir/ auxili>y2 or1 if !y be emphatical1 aft] ! :ole v]b4 ,^? :i* relate to simple v]bs1 or to simple p>ticiples1 are plac$ sometimes be=e & sometimes aft] !m4 ,examples are s v common1 ,i %all cite b "o3 ,a man may1 9 respect to grammatical purity1 speak unexceptionably1 & yet speak obscurely1 or ambigu\sly2 & ?\gh we _c say1 t a man may speak prop]ly1 & at ! same "t speak un9telligibly1 yet ?is la/ case falls m naturally to be consid]$ z an (f5ce aga9/ p]spicuity1 ?an z a violation ( propriety4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bci4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,( ! inf9itive v]b & its preposition to1 "s gramm>ians say1 t !y mu/ nev] be sep>at$ by an adv]b4 ,x is true1 t ! adv]b is1 9 g5]al1 m elegantly plac$ be=e ! preposition ?an aft] x2 b1 possibly1 ! latt] position ( x may sometimes contribute to p]spicuity1 :i* is m ess5tial ?an elegance3 z1 ,if any man refuse s to implore1 & to s receive p>don1 let him die ! dea?4--,full]1 on ! ,gospel1 p4 #bji4 ,! latt] ^w s1 if plac$ l ! =m]1 might possibly be und]/ood 9 a diff]5t s5se f :at x n[ be>s4 ,b p]haps x w\ld be bett] to say4 ,if any man refuse s to implore1 & on su* t]ms to receive p>don1 let him die ! dea?4 ,hon\r tea*es u prop]ly to respect ourselves4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #beb4 ,"h x is n q cle>1 to :i* v]b ! adv]b prop]ly relates4 ,"s *ange ( ! expression is !re=e ne$ful4 ,! "r to place an adv]b sometimes betwe5 to & its v]b1 %\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be conc$$ to ! poets3 z1 ,:o d>$ to nobly /em tyrannic pride4--,,burns3 ,c4 ,sat4 ,n4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! adv]b no is us$ indep5d5tly1 only :5 x is equival5t to a :ole s5t5ce4 ,?is ^w is sometimes an adv]b ( degree2 & z su* x has ?is peculi>ity1 t x c relate only to comp>atives3 z1 ,no m1--,no bett]1--,no great]1--,no soon]4 ,:5 no is set be=e a n\n1 x is cle>ly an adjective1 correspond+ to ! ,lat9 nullus2 z1 ,no cl\ds1 no vap\rs int]v5e4--,dy]4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 ) no great accuracy1 rem>ks1 ,x seems an adjective 9 ^! phrases1 no long]1 no m1 no :]e2 ?\gh sometimes x may be s commodi\sly *ang$ to n1 t x seems an adv]b2 z1 ',! days are yet no %ort]4'--,qu>to ,dict4 ,& 8 fir/ example ( :at he calls ! adv]b ,,no is ?is3 ',our c\rte\s ,antony1 ,:om ne'er ! ^w ( no woman he>d speak4' ,,%akspe>e4--,ibid4 ,dr4 ,web/] says1 ,:5 x prec$es :]e1 z 9 no :]e1 x may be consid]$ z adv]bial1 ?\gh orig9ally an adjective4--,octavo ,dict4 ,! tru? is1 t no is an adv]b1 :5ev] x relates to an adjective2 an adjective1 :5ev] x relates to a n\n2 & a n\n1 :5ev] x takes ! relation ( a case4 ,?us1 9 :at ,johnson cites f ,%akspe>e1 x is a n\n1 & n an adv]b2 = ! mean+ is1 t a woman nev] he>d ,antony speak ! ^w ( no--t is1 ( negation4 ,& !re ought to be a comma aft] ?is ^w1 to make ! text intelligible4 ,to read x ?us3 ! ^w ( no woman1 makes no an adjective4 ,s1 to say1 ,!re are no abl] critics ?an ^!1 is a v diff]5t ?+ f say+1 ,!re are critics no abl] ?an ^!2 because no is an adjective 9 ! =m] s5t5ce1 & an adv]b 9 ! latt]4 ,some:]e1 n[h]e1 any:]e1 else-:]e1 & ev]y:]e1 are adv]bs ( place1 ea* ( :i* is compos$ ( ! n\n :]e & an adjective2 & x is absurd to write a "p ( !m z comp\nd words1 & ! re/ z phrases1 z _m au?ors d4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,9 "s languages1 ! m negatives "o cr[ds into a s5t5ce1 ! /rong] is ! negation2 & ?is appe>s to h be5 =m]ly ! case 9 ,engli%1 or 9 :at 0 anci5tly ! language ( ,brita93 z1 ,he nev] yet no vilanie ne sayde 9 alle 8 lif unto no man]e wight4--,*auc]4 ,ne ,i ne wol non reh]ce1 yef t ,i may4--,id4 ,give n me c\nsel2 nor let no com=t] delight m9e e>4--,%akspe>e4 ,%e _c love1 nor take no %ape nor project ( affection4--,id4 ,among p ( education1 ?is mann] ( expression has n[ become :olly obsolete2 ?\gh x /ill prevails1 to "s ext5t1 9 ! conv]sation ( ! vulg>4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! repetition ( an indep5d5t negative ^w or clause yet /r5g!ns ! negation2 z1 ,no1 no1 no4--,no1 nev]4--,no1 n = an h\r4--,gal41 ii1 #e4 ,!re is none righte\s1 no1 n "o4--,rom41 iii1 #aj4 ,b two negatives 9 ! same clause1 if !y h any be>+ on ea* o!r1 de/roy ! negation1 & r5d] ! mean+ weakly affirmative2 z1 ,nor did !y n p]ceive _! evil plight4--,milton4 ,t is1 !y did p]ceive x4 ',8 language1 ?\gh inelegant1 is n ungrammatical2' t is1 x is grammatical4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aih4 ,! t]m n only1 or n m]ely1 be+ a correspond5t to b or b also1 may be foll[$ by an o!r negative )\t ?is effect1 because ! two negative words h no imm$iate be>+ on ea* o!r2 z1 ,y\r bro!r is n only n pres5t1 & n assi/+ 9 prosecut+ y\r injuries1 b is n[ actually ) ,v]res4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p1 #ai4 ,9 ! latt] we h n m]ely no?+1 to d5ote :at ! po9t %\ld be2 b no indication1 t any po9t at all is want+4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cgc4 ,s ! ^w no?+1 :5 tak5 positively = non5tity1 or t :i* does n exi/1 may be foll[$ by an o!r negative2 z1 ,fir/1 seat him some:]e1 & d]ive 8 race1 ,or else conclude t no?+ has no place4--,dryd51 p4 #ie4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,! common rule ( our gramm>s1 ,two negatives1 9 ,engli%1 de/roy ea* o!r1 or are equival5t to an affirmative1 is f> f be+ true ( all possible examples4 ,a sort ( in=mal exception to x1 7:i* is mo/ly conf9$ to conv]sation17 is made by a famili> transf] ( ! ^w nei!r f ! beg9n+ ( ! clause to ! end ( x2 z1 ,b "h is no notice tak5 ( t nei!r--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #ccf4 ,t is1 ,b nei!r is any notice "h tak5 ( t4 ,inde$ a negation may be repeat$1 by ! same ^w or o!rs1 z (t5 z we please1 if no two ( ! t]ms 9 p>ticul> contradict ea* o!r2 z1 ,he w nev] cons5t1 n he1 no1 nev]1 nor ,i nei!r4 ,he w n h "t1 no1 nor capacity nei!r4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #ajc4 ,_m t]ms & idioms may be common1 :i*1 nev]!less1 h n ! g5]al sanction1 no1 nor ev5 ! sanction ( ^? t use !m4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afj2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ceh4 ,& z to ! equival5ce spok5 ( 9 ! same rule1 su* an expression z1 ,he did n say no?+1 is 9 fact only a vulg> solecism1 take x z y w2 :e!r =1 ,he did n say any?+1 or =1 ,he did say some?+4 ,! latt] inde$ is :at ! contradiction am\nts to2 b d\ble negatives mu/ be %unn$1 :5ev] !y seem l blund]s4 ,! foll[+ examples h1 = ?is reason1 be5 ?\ght objectionable2 ?\gh ,all5 says1 ,two negatives de/roy ea* o!r1 or elegantly =m an affirmation4--,gram41 p4 #agd4 ------------,nor knew ,i n ,to be bo? w & de$ creat$ free4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 v41 l4 #edh4 ,nor do? ! moon no n\ri%m5t exhale ,f h] moi/ cont95t to high] orbs4 --,ib41 ,b4 v1 l4 #dba4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,"u ! head ( d\ble negatives1 !re appe>s 9 our gramm>s a dispute ( "s importance1 conc]n+ ! adoption ( or or nor1 :5 any o!r negative ?an nei!r or nor occurs 9 ! prec$+ clause or phrase3 z1 ,we w n s]ve ?y gods1 nor wor%ip ! gold5 image4--,dan41 iii41 #ah4 ,ye h no portion1 nor "r1 nor memorial 9 ,j]usalem4--,neh41 ii1 #bj4 ,!re is no pa9swor?y difficulty nor dispute ab\t !m4--,horne ,tooke1 ,div41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dc4 ,s z n to cl\d t pr9cipal object1 nor to bury x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aae2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cbb4 ,he did n m5tion ,leonora1 nor h] fa!r's dea?4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bfd4 ,?\ can/ n tell :5ce x come?1 nor :i!r x goe?4--,ib41 p4 #bae4 ,! =m ( ?is text1 9 ,john iii1 #h?4 is--,b can/ n tell :5ce x come?1 & :i!r x goe?2 :i* ,murray ins]t$ 9 8 ex]cises z bad ,engli%4 ,i d n see t ! copulative & is "h ungrammatical2 b if we pref] a disjunctive1 ought x n to be or r ?an nor8 ,x appe>s to be ! op9ion ( "s1 t 9 ail ^! examples1 & 9 simil> in/ances innum]able1 nor only is prop]4 ,o!rs suppose1 t or only is ju/ifiable2 & o!rs aga91 t ei!r or or nor is p]fectly correct4 ,?us gramm>1 or :at %\ld be gramm>1 diff]s 9 ! h&s ( diff]5t m56 ,! pr9ciple to be settl$ "h1 mu/ det]m9e ! correctness or incorrectness ( a va/ numb] ( v common expressions4 ,i imag9e t none ( ^! op9ions is w>rantable1 if tak5 9 all t ext5t to :i* ea* ( !m has be51 or may be1 c>ri$4 ,,obs4 #af4--;,x 0 obs]v$ by ,prie/ley1 & aft] him by ,l9dley ,murray1 f :om o!rs aga9 h copi$ ! rem>k3 ,sometimes ! p>ticles or & nor1 may1 ei!r ( !m1 be us$ ) ne>ly equal propriety2 z1 ',! k+1 ^: "* 0 n suffici5tly vigor\s1 nor decisive1 ass5t$ to ! measure4'--,hume4 ,or w\ld p]haps h be5 bett]1 b nor seems to repeat ! negation 9 ! =m] "p ( ! s5t5ce1 & !re=e gives m emphasis to ! expression4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ach2 ,murray's1 i1 #bab2 ,+]soll's1 #bfh2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #agg4 ,! conjunction or might d\btless h be5 us$ 9 ?is s5t5ce1 b n ) ! same mean+ t is n[ convey$2 =1 if t connective _h be5 employ$1 ! adjective decisive w\ld h be5 qualifi$ by ! adv]b suffici5tly1 & w\ld h seem$ only an alt]native = ! =m] epi!t1 vigor\s4 ,z ! text n[ /&s1 x n only implies a di/9ction betwe5 vig\r ( "* & decision ( "*1 b d5ies ! latt] to ! k+ absolutely1 ! =m]1 ) qualification4 ,if ! au?or _h meant to sugge/ su* a di/9ction1 & also to qualify 8 d5ial ( bo?1 he ought to h said--n suffici5tly vigor\s1 nor suffici5tly decisive4 ,) ?is mean+1 h[ev]1 he might h us$ nei!r = n2 or ) ! =m]1 he might h us$ or = nor1 _h he transpos$ ! t]ms--0 n decisive1 or suffici5tly vigor\s4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,9 ! t5? edition ( ,john ,burn's ,practical ,gramm>1 publi%$ at ,glasg[1 9 #ahaj1 are ! foll[+ sugge/ions3 ,x is n uncommon to f9d ! conjunctions or & nor us$ indiscrim9ately2 b if !re be any real di/9ction 9 ! prop] application ( !m1 x is to be wi%$ t x 7 settl$4 ,x is attempt$ ?us3--,let ! conjunction or be us$ simply to connect ! memb]s ( a s5t5ce1 or to m>k di/ribution1 opposition1 or *oice1 )\t any prec$+ negative p>ticle2 & nor to m>k ! subsequ5t "p ( a negative s5t5ce1 ) "s negative p>ticle 9 ! prec$+ "p ( x4 ,examples ( ,,or3 ',recreation ( "o k9d or o!r is absolutely necess>y to relieve ! body or m9d f too con/ant att5tion to lab\r or /udy4'--',aft] ?is life1 succe$s a /ate ( rew>ds or puni%m5ts4'--',%all ,i come to y ) a rod1 or 9 love8' ,examples ( ,,nor3 ',let no man be too confid5t1 nor too diffid5t ( 8 own abilities4'--',nev] calumniate any man1 nor give ! lea/ enc\ragem5t to calumniators4'--',!re is n a ,*ri/ian duty to :i* provid5ce has n annex$ a bless+1 nor any affliction = :i* a rem$y is n provid$4' ,if ! above di/9ction be j1 ! foll[+ passage seems to be faulty3 ',seasons return1 b n to me returns ,day1 or ! sweet approa* ( ev'n or morn1 ,or sight ( v]nal bloom1 or summ]'s rose1 ,or flocks1 or h]ds1 or human face div9e4' ,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iii1 l4 #dj4--;,burn's ,gr41 p4 #ajh4 ,,obs4 #ah4--,t4 ,o4 ,*ur*ill1 ^: ,gramm> fir/ appe>$ 9 ,london 9 #ahbc1 treats ?is matt] ?us3 ,z or answ]s to ei!r1 nor1 a comp\nd ( n or ne or by contraction1 answ]s to nei!r1 a simil> comp\nd ( n ei!r ne ei!r4 ,! latt] h[ev] does n con/itute t d\ble use ( ! negative1 9 :i* "o1 agreeably to ! pr9ciples ( philosophical gramm>1 de/roys ! o!r2 = a "p ( ! fir/ ^w1 nei!r1 _c be und]/ood be=e ! second1 nor3 & = ! same reason a "p ( x c\ld n be und]/ood be=e or1 :i* is sometimes improp]ly us$ 9 ! second clause2 :ile ! :ole ( x1 nei!r1 w\ld be obvi\sly improp] be=e or4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 n is us$ 9 ! fir/ clause1 nor is improp] 9 ! second2 s9ce x w\ld involve ! impropriety ( und]/&+ n be=e a comp\nd ( n or ne ) or4 ',i %all n attempt to conv9ce1 nor to p]suade y4--,:at w y n attempt8--,to conv9ce1 nor to p]suade y4' ,! impropriety ( nor 9 ?is answ] is cle>3 b ! answ] %\ld c]ta9ly repeat ! words n he>d1 or n und]/ood4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #ccj4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,x is probable1 t ! use ( nor aft] n has be5 introduc$1 9 consequ5ce ( su* improprieties z ! foll[+3 ',! inju/ice ( inflict+ dea? = crimes1 :5 n ( ! mo/ he9\s nature1 or att5d$ ) ext5uat+ circum/ances4' ,"h x is obvi\sly n ! int5tion ( ! writ]1 to und]/& ! negative 9 ! la/ clause3 &1 if ?is 7 good ,engli%1 x w\ld be n m]ely all[able to employ nor aft] n1 to %[ ! subsequ5t clause to be negative z well z ! prec$+1 b x w\ld always be necess>y4 ,9 fact1 h[ev]1 ! s5t5ce quot$ is faulty1 9 n repeat+ ! adv]b :5 9 ! la/ clause2 'or :5 att5d$3' :i* w\ld preclude ! negative f be+ und]/ood 9 x2 =1 if an adv]b1 conjunction1 or auxili>y v]b1 prec$+ a negative1 be und]/ood 9 ! succe$+ clause1 ! negative is und]/ood also2 if x be repeat$1 ! negative mu/ be repeat$ likewise1 or ! clause becomes affirmative4--,ib41 p4 #ccj4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,?is au?or1 proce$+ ) 8 rem>ks1 sugge/s =ms ( correction = sev]al o!r common modes ( expression1 :i* he conceives to be errone\s4 ,= ! in=mation ( ! /ud5t1 ,i %all briefly notice a little fur!r ! *ief po9ts ( 8 criticism1 ?\gh he tea*es "s pr9ciples :i* ,i h n ?\ght x necess>y always to obs]ve 9 writ+4 ',& seem$ n to und]/& c]emony1 or to despise x4' ,goldsmi?4 ,"h ei!r ought to be ins]t$ be=e n4 ',x is n ! bus9ess ( virtue1 to extirpate ! affections ( ! m9d1 b to regulate !m4' ,addison4 ,! s5t5ce ought to h be53 ',x is ! bus9ess ( virtue1 n to extirpate ! affections ( ! m9d1 b to regulate !m4' ',i d n ?9k1 t he 0 av]se to ! (fice2 nor d ,i believe1 t x 0 unsuit$ to him4' ,h[ mu* bett] to say3 ',i d n ?9k1 t he 0 av]se to ! (fice1 or t x 0 unsuit$ to him6' ,= ! same reason nor _c foll[ nev]1 ! negative 9 ! fir/ clause affect+ all ! re/4--,ib4 p4 #ccb4 ,nor is sometimes us$ improp]ly aft] no3 z1 ',i humbly h[ev] tru/ 9 ,god1 t ,i h haz>d$ no conjecture1 nor h giv5 any explanation ( obscure po9ts1 inconsi/5t ) ! g5]al s5se ( ,scripture1 :i* mu/ be our guide 9 all dubi\s passages4' ,gilp94 ,x ought to be3 '& h giv5 no explanation2' or1 ',i h nei!r haz>d$ any conjecture1 nor giv5 any explanation4' ,! use ( or aft] nei!r is z common1 z t ( nor aft] no or n4#dbi ',nei!r ! p5cil or poetry are adequate4' ,coxe4 ,prop]ly1 ',nei!r ! p5cil nor poetry is adequate4' ',! v[ ( pov]ty all[$ ! ,jesuits individually1 to h no idea ( weal?4' ,dorn=d4 ,we _c all[ a non5tity4 ,x %\ld be3 'did n all[1 to h any idea4'--,ib41 p4 #ccc4 ,,obs4 #ba4--,?us we see t ,*ur*ill :olly & positively condemns nor aft] n1 no1 or nev]2 :ile ,burn totally disapproves ( or1 "u ! same circum/ances4 ,bo? ( ^! critics are wrong1 because ea* c>ries 8 po9t too f>2 & yet x may n be "r1 to suppose bo? p>ticles to be (t5 equally good4 ,und\bt$ly1 a negation may be repeat$ 9 ,engli% )\t impropriety1 & t 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3 z1 ,!re is no liv+1 none1 if ,b]tram be away4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #c4 ,great m5 are n always wise1 nei!r d ! ag$ always und]/& judgem5t4--,job1 xxxii1 #i4 ,w he e/eem ?y ri*es8 no1 n gold1 nor all ! =ces ( /r5g?4--,job1 xxxiv4 #ai4 ,"s s5t5ces1 too1 require or1 & o!rs nor1 ev5 :5 a negative occurs 9 a prec$+ clause2 z1 ,!re 0 none ( y t conv9c$ ,job1 or t answ]$ 8 words4--,job1 xxxii1 #ab4 ,h[ mu* less to him t accepte? n ! p]sons ( pr9ces nor reg>de? ! ri* m ?an ! poor4--,job1 xxxiv1 #ai4 ,?is day is holy unto ! ,"l y\r ,god2 m\rn n1 nor weep4--,neh41 viii1 #i4 ,m5's behavi\r %\ld be l _! app>el1 n too /raight or po9t-de-vise1 b free = ex]cise4--,ld4 ,bacon4 ,aga91 ! m]e repetition ( a simple negative is1 on "s occasions1 m agreeable ?an ! ins]tion ( any connective2 z1 ,!re is no d>kness1 nor %ad[ ( dea?1 :]e ! work]s ( iniquity may hide !mselves4--,job1 xxxiv1 #bb4 ,bett]3 ,!re is no d>kness1 no %ad[ ( dea?1 :]e9 ! work]s ( iniquity may hide !mselves4 ,no place nor any object appe>s to him void ( beauty4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bee4 ,bett]3 ,no place1 no object1 appe>s to him void ( beauty4 ,t passage f ,milton :i* ,burn supposes to be faulty1 & t expression ( ,addison's :i* ,*ur*ill dislikes1 are1 9 my op9ion1 n incorrect z !y /&2 ?\gh1 d\btless1 ! latt] admits ( ! v>iation propos$4 ,9 ! =m]1 too1 or may twice be *ang$ to nor1 :]e ! foll[+ n\ns are nom9atives2 b to *ange x ?r\gh\t1 w\ld n be well1 because ! o!r n\ns are objectives gov]n$ by (3 ,seasons return1 b n to me returns ,day1 nor ! sweet approa* ( ev'n or morn1 ,nor sight ( v]nal bloom1 or summ]'s rose1 ,or flocks1 or h]ds1 or human face div9e4 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,ev] & nev] are directly opposite to ea* o!r 9 s5se1 & yet !y are v frequ5tly conf\nd$ & misappli$1 & t by highly respectable writ]s2 z1 ,seldom1 or nev] c we expect1 c4--,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #cje4 ,& seldom1 or ev]1 did any "o rise1 c4--,ib41 p4 #bgb4 ,seldom1 or nev]1 is#dcj !re m ?an "o acc5t$ syllable 9 any ,engli% ^w4--,ib41 p4 #cbi4 ,:i* t ( ! pres5t seldom or ev] is und]/ood to be4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #abj4 ,"h nev] is "r1 & ev] is wrong4 ,x is "t1 t is "h spok5 (2 & ! affirmative ev]1 mean+ always1 or at any "t1 9 /ead ( be+ a fit alt]native = seldom1 makes nons5se ( ! s5t5ce1 & violates ! rule respect+ ! ord] & fitness ( "t3 unless we *ange or to if1 & say1 seldom1 if ev]4 ,b 9 s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 ! adv]b appe>s to express1 n "t1 b degree2 & = ! latt] s5se ev] is pref]able to nev]1 because ! degree ought to be possible1 r ?an impossible3 ,ev] s little ( ! _s ( m>tyrdom is always a m fav\rable indication to civilization1 ?an ev] s mu* dext]ity ( p>ty managem5t1 or ev] s turbul5t prote/ation ( immaculate patriotism4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #daa4 ,n[ let man reflect b nev] s little on himself4--,burlamaqui1 on ,law1 p4 #bi4 ,:i* w n he>k5 to ! voice ( *>m]s1 *>m+ nev] s wisely4--,ps41 lviii1 #e4 ,! phrase ev] s1 7:i* ought1 ,i ?9k1 to be writt5 z "o ^w17 is n[ a v common expression to signify 9 :atsoev] degree2 z1 ev]so little1--ev]so mu*1--ev]so wise1--ev]so wisely4 ,& x is manife/ly ?is1 & n "t1 t is int5d$ by ! false phraseology above2--a =m ( spee* h&$ d[n by ! be/ writ]s1 b lately accus$1 ,i ?9k ) ju/ice1 ( solecism4 99 99 99 ,x c only be def5d$ by supply+ a v h>% & unprec$5t$ ellipsis4--,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,nev]4 ,,obs4 #bc4--;,dr4 ,l[? seconds ?is op9ion ( ,johnson1 respect+ ! phrase1 nev] s wisely1 & says1 ,x %\ld be1 'ev] s wisely2' t is1 'h[ wisely soev]4' ,to :i* he adds an o!r example some:at diff]5t3 ',besides1 a slave w\ld n h be5 admitt$ into t society1 _h he _h nev] su* opportunities4' ,b5tley4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ,?is %\ld be1 _h he _h ev]so excell5t opportunities4 ,b ,*ur*ill1 mi/ak+ ! common explanation ( ! mean+ ( ev]so = ! mann] ( p>s+ or resolv+ x1 que/ions ! propriety ( ! t]m1 & ?9ks x easi] to def5d ! old phrase nev] s2 9 :i* he supposes nev] to be an adv]b ( "t1 & n to relate to s1 :i* is an adv]b ( degree2 say+1 ',be x nev] s true1' is resolvable into1 ',be x s true1 z nev] any ?+ 04'#dca ',i h _h nev] s mu* tr\ble on ?is occasion1' may be resolv$ into1 ',i h nev] _h s mu* tr\ble1 z on ?is occasion3' :ile1 ',i h _h ev] s mu* tr\ble on ?is occasion1 _c be resolv$1 )\t supply+ "s v h>% & unprec$5t$ ellipsis inde$4--,new ,gram41 p4 #ccg1 ,:y n8 ,i see no occasion at all = suppos+ any ellipsis4 ,ev] is "h an adv]b ( degree1 & relates to s2 or1 if we take ev]so z "o ^w1 ?is too is an adv]b ( degree1 & relates to mu*3 because ! mean+ is--ev]so mu* tr\ble4 ,b ! o!r phraseology1 ev5 z x /&s 9 ,*ur*ill's explanations1 is a solecism /ill2 nor c any resolution :i* supposes nev] to be "h an adv]b ( "t1 be o!rwise4 ,we _c call t a grammatical resolution1 :i* makes a diff]5t s5se f t :i* ! writ] int5d$3 z1 ,a slave w\ld n h be5 admitt$ into t society1 _h he nev] _h su* opportunities4 ,?is w\ld be ,*ur*ill's int]pretation1 b x is v unlike :at ,b5tley says above4 ,s1 ',i h nev] _h s mu* tr\ble1' &1 ',i h _h ev]so mu* tr\ble1' are v diff]5t ass]tions4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,on ! ^w nev]1 ,dr4 ,johnson rem>ks ?us3 ,x seems 9 "s phrases to h ! s5se ( an adjective1 mean+1 n any2 b 9 reality x is n ev]3 z1 ',he answ]$ him to nev] a ^w4' ,,mat!w1 xxvii1 #ad4--,qu>to ,dict4 ,?is mode ( expression 0 =m]ly v common1 & a contract$ =m ( x is /ill frequ5tly he>d among ! vulg>3 z1 ,because he'd ne'er an o!r tub4--,hudibras1 p4 #ajb4 ,t is1 ,because he _h no o!r tub4 ,lett] nor l9e "k ,i nev] a "o4--,scott's ,lay ( ,l4 ,m41 p4 #bg4 ,?is is :at ! common p pron\nce ne'er a "o1 & use 9 /ead ( nei!r or no "o4 ,9 l mann] !y contract ev] a "o into e'er a "o2 by :i* !y mean ei!r or any "o4 ,^! phrases are ! same t somebody--7,i believe x is ,smi?1 9 8 ,inductive ,gramm>--7 has ignorantly writt5 ary "o & n>y "o call+ !m vulg>isms4#dcb ,"u ?is mode ( spell+1 ! critic _h an und\bt$ "r to ?9k ! t]ms unau?oriz$6 ,9 ! comp\nds ( :oev] or :oe'er1 :i*ev] or :i*e'er1 :atev] or :ate'er1 ! ^w ev] or e'er1 :i* =m]ly /ood sep>ate1 appe>s to be an adjective1 r ?an an adv]b2 ?\gh1 by becom+ "p ( ! pron\n1 x has n[ te*nically ceas$ to be ei!r4 ,,obs4 #be4--,! same may be said ( soev] or soe'er1 :i* is consid]$ z only a "p ( an o!r ^w ev5 :5 x is writt5 sep>ately2 z1 ,on :i* side soev] ,i ca/ my eyes4 ,9 ,m>k1 iii1 #bh?1 :]e)soev] is commonly pr9t$ z two words2 b ,alg]1 9 8 ,pron\nc+ ,bible1 m prop]ly makes x "o4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 9 8 gramm>s1 calls soev] a ,,^w2 b1 9 8 diction>ies1 he does n def9e x z su*4 ,! ^w soev] may be int]pos$ betwe5 ! attribute & ! "n2 'h[ cle> soev] ?is idea ( inf9ity1'--'h[ remote soev] x may seem4'--,,locke4--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aed2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,,soev]1 s & ev]1 f\nd 9 comp\nds1 z 9 :osoev]1 :atsoev]1 :]esoev]4 ,see ^! words4--,web/]'s ,dict41 #hvo4 ,,obs4 #bf4--,! ^w only1 7i4e41 onely1 or onelike17 :5 x relates to a n\n or a pron\n1 is a def9itive adjective1 mean+ s+le1 alone1 exclusive ( o!rs2 z1 ,! only man1--,! only m51--,man only1--,m5 only1--,he only1--,!y only4 ,:5 x relates to a v]b or a p>ticiple1 x is an adv]b ( mann]1 & means simply1 s+ly1 m]ely1 b>ely2 z1 ,we fancy t we hate flatt]y1 :5 we only hate ! mann] ( x4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ch4 ,a dis9t]e/$ love ( "o's c\ntry c only subsi/ 9 small republics4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,:5 x /&s at ! head ( a clause1 x is commonly a connective ^w1 equival5t to b1 or except t2 9 :i* s5se1 x mu/ be call$ a conjunction1 or at lea/ a conjunctive adv]b1 :i* is ne>ly ! same ?+2 z1 ,only !y w\ld t we %\ld rememb] ! poor4--,gal41 ii1 #aj4 ,= ^! signs are prepositions1 only !y are ( m con/ant use ?an ! re/4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #abi4 ,,obs4 #bg4--;,among our gramm>ians1 ! ^w only (t5 passes = an adv]b1 :5 x is 9 fact an adjective4 ,su* a mi/ake 9 ?is s+le ^w1 has l$ ,*ur*ill to say ( ! adv]b 9 g5]al1 ,x's place is = ! mo/ "p be=e adjectives1 aft] n\ns1 & aft] v]bs2 c4--,new ,gram41 p4 #adg4 ,b1 prop]ly1 ! plac+ ( adv]bs has no?+ to d ) n\ns1 because adv]bs d n relate to n\ns4 ,9 ?is au?or's example1 ,8 arm only 0 b>e1 !re is no adv]b2 &1 :]e he aft]w>ds speaks ( ! latitude all[able 9 ! plac+ ( adv]bs1 alleg+1 ,x is indiff]5t :e!r we say1 ',he b>$ 8 arm only2' or1 ',he b>$ only 8 arm1' ! ^w only is an adjective1 9 "o in/ance1 if n 9 bo?4 ,) ?is writ]1 & "s o!rs1 ! syntax ( an adv]b c5tres ma9ly 9 ! sugge/ion1 t1 ,x's propriety & =ce dep5d on x's position4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,illu/ration3 ,?us p commonly say2 ',i only spoke ?ree words3' :i* prop]ly implies1 t ,i1 & no o!r p]son1 spoke ?ree words3 :5 ! int5tion ( ! speak] requires3 ',i spoke only ?ree words2 t is1 no m ?an ?ree words4'--,ib41 p4 #cbg4 ,"o might j z well say1 ,i spoke ?ree words only4 ,b ! int]pretation above is hyp]critical1 & contr>y to t :i* ! au?or himself gives 9 8 note on ! o!r example1 ?us3 ,any o!r situation ( ! adv]b w\ld make a diff]5ce4 ',he only b>$ 8 arm2' w\ld imply1 t he did no?+ m ?an b>e 8 arm4 ',only he b>$ 8 arm2' mu/ ref] to a prec$+ "p ( ! s5t5ce1 /at+ some?+1 to :i* ! act ( b>+ 8 arm 0 an exception2 z1 ',he did x 9 ! same mann]1 only he b>$ 8 arm4' ,if only 7 plac$ imm$iately be=e arm2 z1 ',he b>$ 8 only arm2' x w\ld be an adjective1 & signify1 t he _h b "o arm4--,ib41 p4 #cbh4 ,n[ are n1 ,i only spoke ?ree words1 &1 ,he only b>$ 8 arm1 analog\s expressions8 ,is n ! =m] z good ,engli% z ! latt]8 ,only1 9 bo?1 is mo/ naturally conceiv$ to belong to ! v]b2 b ei!r may be read 9 su* a mann] z to make x an adjective belong+ to ! pron\n4 ,,obs4 #bh4--,! t]m n b is equival5t to two negatives t make an affirmative2 z1 ,n b t x is a wide place4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #hi4 ,non quo non latus locus sit4--,cic4 ,ac41 iv1 #ab4 ,x has already be5 /at$1 t _c b is equal to mu/2 z1 ,x is an affection :i* _c b be productive ( "s di/ress4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfa4 ,x seems que/ionable1 :e!r b is n "h an adv]b1 r ?an a conjunction4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 by ! cu/om>y 7b faulty7 omission ( ! negative be=e b1 9 "s o!r s5t5ces1 t conjunction has acquir$ ! adv]bial s5se ( only2 & x may1 :5 us$ ) t signification1 be call$ an adv]b4 ,?us1 ! text1 ,he ha? n griev$ me b 9 "p4 7#b ,cor41 ii1 #e17 might drop ! negative n1 & /ill convey ! same mean+3 ,he ha? griev$ me b 9 "p2 i4e41 only 9 "p4 ,9 ! foll[+ examples1 too1 b appe>s to be an adv]b1 l only3 ,?+s b slightly connect$ %\ld n be cr[d$ into "o s5t5ce4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 ,index4 ,! ass]tion1 h[ev]1 s]ves b to %[ _! ignorance4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #if4 ,reason itself b gives x edge & p[]4--,pope4 ,born b to die1 & reason+ b to err4--,id4 ,,obs4 #bi4--;,9 "s con/ructions ( ! ^w b1 !re is a rem>kable ambiguity2 z1 ,!re _c be b "o capital musical pause 9 a l9e4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ib4 ,a l9e admits b "o capital pause4--,ibid4 ,?us does a great critic1 9 ! same p>agraph1 palpably contradict himself1 & n p]ceive x4 ,bo? expressions are equivocal4 ,he ought r to h said3 ,a l9e admits no m ?an "o capital pause4--,!re _c be m ?an "o capital musical pause 9 a l9e4 ,"s w\ld say--admits only "o--!re c be only "o4 ,b "h1 too1 is "s ambiguity2 because only may relate ei!r to "o1 or to ! prec$+ v]b4 ,! use ( only = b or except t1 is n notic$ by our lexicograph]s2 nor is x1 9 my op9ion1 a practice mu* to be comm5d$1 ?\gh (t5 adopt$ by m5 t pret5d to write grammatically3 z1 ,int]rogative pron\ns are ! same z relative1 ,,only _! antec$5ts _c be det]m9$ till ! answ] is giv5 to ! "q4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,a diph?ong is always long2 z1 ,aurum1 ,cs>1 c4 ,,only pr1 9 composition be=e a v[el is commonly %ort4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bed2 ,g\ld's1 #bdf4 ,,obs4 #cj4--;,x is said by "s gramm>ians1 t1 ,! adv]b !re is (t5 us$ z an expletive1 or z a ^w t adds no?+ to ! s5se2 9 :i* case1 x prec$es ! v]b & ! nom9ative2 z1 ',!re is a p]son at ! door4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aig2 ,+]soll's1 #bje2 ,gre5leaf's1 #cc2 ,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #ec4 ,x is true1 t 9 our language ! ^w !re is ?us us$ idiomatically1 z an introductory t]m1 :5 we tell :at is tak+1 or has tak51 place2 b /ill x is a regul> adv]b ( place1 & relates to ! v]b agreeably to ! common rule = adv]bs4 ,9 "s in/ances x is ev5 repeat$ 9 ! same s5t5ce1 because1 9 its introductory s5se1 x is always unemphatical2 z1 ,because !re 0 pa/ure !re = _! flocks4--#a ,*ron41 iv1 #da4 ,if !re be indi/9ctness or disord] !re1 we c h no success4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bga4 ,!re1 !re are s*ools adapt$ to e age4--,woodbridge1 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #gh4 ,! import ( ! ^w is m def9ite1 :5 emphasis is laid ^u x2 b ?is is no good reason = say+1 ) ,dr4 ,web/]1 t x is )\t signification1 :5 x is )\t emphasis2 or1 ) ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 t x seems to h no mean+ :atev]1 except x be ?\ght to give a small degree ( emphasis4--,rudim5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,,obs4 #ca4--,! n\n place itself is j z loose & v>iable 9 its mean+ z ! adv]b !re4 ,= example2 ,!re is nev] any diff]5ce2 i4e41 ,no diff]5ce ev] takes place4 ,%all we say t place1 9 ?is s5se1 is n a n\n ( place8 ,to take place1 is1 to occur some:]e1 or any:]e2 & ! unemphatic ^w !re is b z indef9ite 9 respect to place1 z ^! o!r adv]bs ( place1 or z ! n\n itself4 ,s4 ,b4 ,good5[ acc\nts x a great error1 to say t !re is an adv]b ( place1 :5 x is ?us indef9ite2 & he *ooses to call x an indef9ite pron\n1 z1 ',:at is !re "h8'--',!re is no peace4'--',:at ne$ 0 !re ( x8' ,see 8 ,gram41 p4 #c & p4 #aa4 ,9 treat+ ( ! v>i\s classes ( adv]bs1 ,i h admitt$ & %[n1 t "h1 !re1 & :]e1 h sometimes ! nature ( pron\ns1 especially 9 su* comp\nds z h]e(1 !re(1 :]e(2 b 9 ?is in/ance1 ,i see n :at advantage !re is 9 call+ !re a pron\n3 we h j z mu* reason to call "h & :]e pron\ns--& t1 p]haps1 on all occasions4 ,b>n>d says1 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ',!re is "o glory ( ! sun1' c41 ! adv]b !re qualifies ! v]b is1 & seems to h ! =ce ( an affirmation1 l truly--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #bcd4 ,b an adv]b ( ! latt] k9d may be us$ ) ! ^w !re1 & ,i p]ceive no p>ticul> simil>ity betwe5 !m3 z1 ,v]ily !re is a rew>d = ! righte\s4--,psal41 lviii1 #aa4 ,truly !re is a glory ( ! sun4 ,,obs4 #cb4--,!re is a vulg> error ( sub/itut+ ! adv]b mo/ = almo/1 z 9 ! phrases1 mo/ all1--mo/ any:]e1--mo/ e day1--:i* we sometimes he> = almo/ all1--almo/ any:]e1--almo/ e day4 ,! fault is gross1 & *iefly colloquial1 b x is sometimes met ) 9 books2 z1 ,b ?9k+ he _h repli$ mo/ too ra%ly1 he said1 ',i won't answ] y\r "q4'--,wag/aff's ,hi/ory ( ,fri5ds1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bjg4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xxi4 ,,note ,i4--,adv]bs mu/ be plac$ 9 t position :i* w r5d] ! s5t5ce ! mo/ p]spicu\s & agreeable4 ,example ( error3 ,we are 9 no haz>d ( mi/ak+ ! s5se ( ! au?or1 ?\gh e ^w :i* he uses be n precise & exact4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ie2 ,jamieson's1 #ff4 ,murray says1--?\gh e ^w :i* he uses is n precise & exact4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #cjb4 ,bett]3--?\gh n e ^w :i* he uses1 is precise & exact4 ,,note ,,ii4--,adv]bs %\ld n be ne$lessly us$ = adjectives2 nor %\ld !y be employ$ :5 quality is to be express$1 & n mann]3 z1 ,t ! n[ copies ( ! orig9al text are entire4--,s4 ,fi%]4 ,say1 ! pres5t copies1 or1 ! exi/+ copies4 ,! arr[s ( calumny fall h>mlessly at ! feet ( virtue4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #afg2 ,m]*ant's ,gram41 #ahf2 ,+]soll's1 #aj2 ,kirkham's1 #bd4 ,say1 fall h>mless2 z 9 ?is example3 ,! imp5d+ black cl\d1 :i* is reg>d$ ) s mu* dread1 may pass by h>mless4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bfb4 ,,note ,,iii4--,) a v]b ( motion1 mo/ gramm>ians pref] hi!r1 ?i!r1 & :i!r1 to "h1 !re1 & :]e1 :i* are 9 common use1 & p]haps all[able1 ?\gh n s good2 z1 ,come hi!r1 ,*>les1--or1 ,come "h4 ,,note ,,iv4--,to ! adv]bs h5ce1 !nce1 & :5ce1 ! preposition f is frequ5tly 7?\gh n ) /rict propriety7 prefix$2 z1 f h5ce1 f :5ce4--,see ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #agd4 ,"s critics1 h[ev]1 ?9k ?is con/ruction all[able1 not)/&+ ! =m] ^w is impli$ 9 ! latt]4 ,see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acd2 & ,l4 ,murray's1 p4 #aih4 ,x is seldom elegant to use any ^w ne$lessly4 ,,note ,v4--,! adv]b h[ %\ld n be us$ be=e ! conjunction t1 nor 9 /ead ( x2 z1 ,he said h[ he w\ld g4--,ye see h[ t n _m wise m5 are call$4 ,expunge h[4 ,?is is a vulg> error4 ,some:at simil> is ! use ( h[ = le/ or t n2 z1 ,be cauti\s h[ y (f5d him1 i4e41 t y d n (f5d him4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,,note ,,vi4--,! adv]b :51 :ile1 or :]e1 is n fit to foll[ ! v]b is 9 a def9ition1 or to introduce a clause tak5 sub/antively2 because x expresses id5tity1 n ( be+1 b ( "t or place3 z1 ,concord1 is :5 "o ^w agrees ) ano!r 9 "s accid5ts4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aea2 ,g\ld's1 #aee4 ,say1 ,concord is ! agreem5t ( "o ^w ) an o!r 9 "s accid5t or accid5ts4 ,,note ,,vii4--,! adv]b no %\ld n be us$ ) ref]5ce to a v]b or a p>ticiple4 ,su* expressions z1 ,tell me :e!r y w g or no1 are !re=e improp]3 no %\ld be n2 because ! v]b g is und]/ood aft] x4 ,! mean+ is1 ,tell me :e!r y w g or w n g2 b nobody w\ld ?9k ( say+1 ,:e!r y w g or no g4 ,,note ,,viii4--,a negation1 9 ,engli%1 admits b "o negative ^w2 because two negatives 9 ! same clause1 usually contradict ea* o!r1 & make ! mean+ affirmative4 ,! foll[+ example is !re=e ungrammatical3 ,= my "p1 ,i love him n1 nor hate him n4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #af4 ,expunge ! la/ n1 or else *ange nor to &4 ,,note ,,ix4--,! words ev] & nev] %\ld be c>efully di/+ui%$ accord+ to _! s5se1 & n conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r 9 _! application4 ,example3 ,! ,"l reigne?1 be ! e>? nev] s unquiet4--,exp]i5ce ( ,/4 ,paul1 p4 #aie4 ,"h1 ,i suppose1 ! s5se to require ev]so1 an adv]b ( degree3 ,be ! e>? ev]so unquiet4 ,t is1--unquiet 9 :atev] degree4 ,,note ,x4--,adv]bs t end 9 ly1 are 9 g5]al pref]able to ^? =ms :i*1 = want ( ?is di/9ction1 may seem l adjectives misappli$4 ,example3 ,!re w\ld be sc>ce any su* ?+ 9 nature z a folio4--,addison4 ,bett]3--sc>cely4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xxi4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,plac+ ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,all t is fav\r$ by good use1 is n prop] to be reta9$4--,murray's ,gram41 ii1 p4 #bif4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! adv]b n is n put 9 ! mo/ suitable place4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #a/ "u ,rule #ba/1 ,adv]bs mu/ be plac$ 9 t position :i* w r5d] ! s5t5ce ! mo/ p]spicu\s & agreeable4 ,! s5t5ce w be improv$ by plac+ n be=e all2 ?us1 ,n all t is fav\r$ by good use1 is prop] to be reta9$4 ,e ?+ fav\r$ by good use1 is n on t acc\nt wor?y to be reta9$4--,ib41 i1 #cfi2 ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #agi4 ,mo/ m5 dream1 b all d n4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #gb4 ,by ha/y composition1 we %all acquire c]ta9ly a v bad /yle4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aia4 ,! comp>isons are %ort1 t\*+ on "o po9t only ( resemblance4--,ib41 p4 #daf4 ,hav+ _h once "s consid]able object set be=e u4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,! positive seems improp]ly to be call$ a degree4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #fi2 ,g\ld's1 #fh4 ,9 "s phrases ! g5itive is only us$4--,adam1 #aei2 ,g\ld1 #afa4 ,?is blund] is said actually to h occurr$4--,smi?'s ,inductive ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,b e man is n call$ ,james1 nor e woman ,m>y4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,crot*ets are employ$ = ! same purpose ne>ly z ! p>5!sis4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #afg4 ,!re is /ill a great] impropriety 9 a d\ble comp>ative4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,we h (t5 occasion to speak ( "t4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce _c be possibly und]/ood4--,ib41 p4 #ajd4 ,! words mu/ be g5]ally sep>at$ f ! context4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,words end+ 9 ator h ! acc5t g5]ally on ! p5ultimate4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bci4 ,! le>n$ languages1 ) respect to voices1 moods1 & t5ses1 are1 9 g5]al1 diff]5tly con/ruct$ f ! ,engli% tongue4--,ib41 i1 #aja4 ,adv]bs seem orig9ally to h be5 contriv$ to express comp5di\sly 9 "o ^w1 :at mu/ o!rwise h requir$ two or m4--,ib41 i1 #aad4 ,b x is only s1 :5 ! expression c be conv]t$ into ! regul> =m ( ! possessive case4--,ib41 i1 #agd4 ,ent]1 7says he7 boldly1 = "h too !re are gods4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #h4 ,= none "w = ev] s little a pittance t "s _c be f\nd to "w = less4--,s$gwick's ,economy1 p4 #aij4 ,= s9n]s also l5d to s9n]s1 to receive z mu* aga94--,luke1 vi1 #cd4 ,!y mu/ be view$ exactly 9 ! same light4--,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #bd4 ,if he does b speak to display 8 abilities1 he is unwor?y ( att5tion4--,ib41 ,key1 ii1 #bjg4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,adv]bs ,,= ,,adjectives4 ,motion upw>ds is commonly m agreeable ?an motion d[nw>ds4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dh4 ,!re are b two ways possibly ( ju/ification be=e ,god4--,dr4 ,cox1 on ,quak]ism1 p4 #dac4 ,?is con/ruction s\nds r h>%ly4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aid2 ,+]soll's1 #aii4 ,a cle> conception 9 ! m9d ( ! le>n]1 ( regul>ly & well-=m$ lett]s4--,com4 ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 i1 #ff4 ,he 0 a great he>] ( 99 99 99 ,attalus1 ,sotion1 ,papirius1 ,fabianus1 ( :om he makes (t5 m5tion4--,s5eca's ,morals1 p4 #aa4 ,x is only ! ,(t5 do+ ( a ?+ t makes x a ,cu/om4--,div9e ,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #gb4 ,because ,w4 ,r4 takes (t occasion to ins9uate 8 jeal\sies ( p]sons & ?+s4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #egj4 ,yet (t5 t\*+ w we> gold4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #ah4 ,un$ucat$ p]sons frequ5tly use an adjective1 :5 !y ought to use an adv]b3 z1 ',! c\ntry looks beautiful2' in/ead ( beautifully4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #hd4 ,! adjective is put absolutely1 or )\t its sub/antive4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #eg4 ,a n\n or pron\n 9 ! second p]son1 may be put absolutely 9 ! nom9ative case4--,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,a n\n or pron\n1 :5 put absolutely ) a p>ticiple1 c4--,ib41 p4 #dd2 ,jaudon's ,gram41 #ajh4 ,a v]b 9 ! inf9itive mood absolute1 /&s indep5d5tly ( ! rema9+ "p ( ! s5t5ce4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,at my return lately into ,engl&1 ,i met a book intitul$3 ',! ,iron ,age4'--,c[ley's ,preface1 p4 v4 ,b he c discov] no bett] f\ndation = any ( !m1 ?an ! practice m]ely ( ,hom] & ,virgil4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,criticism1 ,introd41 p4 xxv4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii--,,"h ,,= ,,hi!r1 c4 ,x is report$ t ! gov]n\r w come "h to-morr[4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aif4 ,x has be5 report$ t ! gov]n\r w come "h to-morr[4--,ib41 ,key1 p4 #bbg4 ,to cat* a prospect ( t lovely l& :]e 8 /eps are t5d+4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #bdd4 ,plautus makes "o ( 8 *>act]s ask ano!r :]e he is go+ ) t ,vulcan %ut up 9 a horn2 t is1 ) a lan?orn 9 8 h&4--,adams's ,rhet4 ii1 #cca4 ,:5 we left ,cambridge1 we int5d$ to return !re 9 a few days4--,anonym4 ,duncan comes "h to-night4--,%ak41 ,macbe?4 ,!y talk$ ( return+ "h la/ week4--,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,f ,,h5ce1 c4 ,f h5ce he concludes t no inf]5ce c be drawn f ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 t a con/itution has a high] au?ority ?an a law or /atute4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #fg4 ,f :5ce we may likewise date ! p]iod ( ?is ev5t4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 p4 #bjb4 ,f h5ce x becomes evid5t1 t ,,language1 tak5 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive view1 implies c]ta9 ,s\nds1 hav+ c]ta9 ,mean+s4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #cae4 ,!y return$ to ! city f :5ce !y came out4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,respect+ ellipses1 "s gramm>ians diff] /rangely 9 _! ideas2 & f !nce has aris5 a v :imsical div]sity 9 _! sy/ems ( gramm>4--,au?or4 ,:at am ,i & f :5ce8 i4e4 :at am ,i1 & f :5ce am ,i8--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,! ,,adv]b ,,h[4 ,x is /range h[ a writ]1 s accurate z ,dean ,swift1 %\ld h /umbl$ on s improp] an application ( ?is p>ticle4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aab4 ,ye "k h[ t a good :ile ago ,god made *oice among u1 c4--,acts1 xv1 #g4 ,let u take c>e h[ we s92 i4e4 t we d n s94--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,we see by ^! in/ances1 h[ prepositions may be necess>y to connect ^? words1 :i* 9 _! signification are n naturally connect$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,"k ye n y\r own selves1 h[ t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y1 except ye be reprobates8--#b ,cor41 xiii1 #e4 ,t ?\ maye/ "k h[ t ! e>? is ! ,"l's4--,exod41 ix1 #bi4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,:51 ,,:ile1 ,,or ,,:]e4 ,ellipsis is :5 "o or m words are want+1 to complete ! s5se4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bce2 ,g\ld's1 p4 #bbi2 ,b4 ,f4 ,fisk's ,greek ,gram44 #ahd4 ,pleonasm is :5 a ^w m is add$ ?an is absolutely necess>y to express ! s5se4--,same works4 ,hy/eron proteron is :5 t is put 9 ! =m] "p ( ! s5t5ce1 :i*1 accord+ to ! s5se1 %\ld be 9 ! latt]4--,adam1 p4 #bcg2 ,g\ld1 #bcj4 ,hy/]on prot]on1 n4 ,a rhetorical figure :5 t is said la/ :i* 0 done fir/4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,a ,b>b>ism is :5 a =eign or /range ^w is made use (4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bdb2 ,g\ld's1 #bcd4 ,a ,solecism is :5 ! rules ( ,syntax are transgress$4--,iidem1 ib4 ,an ,idiotism is :5 ! mann] ( expression peculi> to "o language is us$ 9 ano!r4--,iid41 ib4 ,tautology is :5 we ei!r uselessly repeat ! same words1 or repeat ! same s5se 9 diff]5t words4--,adam1 p4 #bdc2 ,g\ld1 #bch4 ,bomba/ is :5 high s\nd+ words are us$ )\t mean+1 or ^u a trifl+ occasion4--,iid41 ib4 ,amphibology is :51 by ! ambiguity ( ! con/ruction1 ! mean+ may be tak5 9 two diff]5t s5ses4--,iid41 ib4 ,irony is :5 "o means ! contr>y ( :at is said4--,adam1 p4 #bdg2 ,g\ld1 #bcg4 ,! ,p]iphrasis1 or ,circumlocution1 is :5 sev]al words are employ$ to express :at might be express$ 9 few]4--,iid41 ib4 ,hyp]bole is :5 a ?+ is magnifi$ above ! tru?1--,adam1 p4 #bdi2 ,g\ld1 #bdj4 ,p]sonification is :5 we ascribe life1 s5tim5ts1 or actions1 to inanimate be+s1 or to ab/ract qualities4--,iid41 ib4 ,apo/rophe1 or ,address1 is :5 ! speak] breaks (f f ! s]ies ( 8 disc\rse1 & addresses himself to "s p]son pres5t or abs5t1 liv+ or dead1 or to inanimate nature1 z if end[$ ) s5se & reason4--,iid41 ib4 ,a ,simile or ,comp>ison is :5 ! resemblance betwe5 two objects1 :e!r real or imag9>y1 is express$ 9 =m4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bbc4 ,simile1 or ,comp>ison1 is :5 "o ?+ is illu/rat$ or height5$ by comp>+ x to ano!r4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bej2 ,g\ld's1 #bdj4 ,anti!sis1 or ,opposition1 is :5 ?+s contr>y or diff]5t are contra/$1 to make !m appe> 9 ! m /rik+ light4--,iid41 ib4 ,description1 or ,imag]y1 is :5 any ?+ is pa9t$ 9 a lively mann]1 z if done be=e our eyes4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bej4 ,emphasis is :5 a p>ticul> /ress is laid on "s ^w 9 a s5t5ce4--,ib4 ,epanor?osis1 or ,correction1 is :5 ! speak] ei!r recalls or corrects :at he _h la/ said4--,ib4 ,p>alepsis1 or ,omission1 is :5 "o pret5ds to omit or pass by1 :at he at ! same "t decl>es4--,ib4 ,increm5tum1 or ,climax 9 s5se1 is :5 "o memb] rises above ano!r to ! highe/4--,ib41 p4 #bea4 ,a ,metonymy is :]e ! cause is put = ! effect1 or ! effect = ! cause2 ! conta9] = ! ?+ conta9$2 or ! sign = ! ?+ signifi$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bbc4 ,agreem5t is :5 "o ^w is l ano!r 9 numb]1 case1 g5d]1 or p]son4--,fro/'s ,gram41 p4 #dc2 ,gre5leaf's1 #cb4 ,gov]nm5t is :5 "o ^w causes ano!r to be 9 "s p>ticul> numb]1 p]son1 or case4--,web/]'s ,imp4 ,gram41 p4 #hi2 ,gre5leaf's1 #cb2 ,fro/'s1 #dc4 ,fusion is :ile "s solid sub/ance is conv]t$ into a fluid by heat4--,b4 ,a ,prop] ,diph?ong is :]e bo? ! ,v[els are s\nd$ toge!r2 z1 oi 9 ,voice1 ou 9 ,h\se4-- ,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,an ,improp] ,diph?ong is :]e ! ,s\nd ( b "o ( ! two ,v[els is he>d2 z e 9 ,p4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,! ,,adv]b ,,no ,,= ,,n4 ,an adv]b is jo9$ to a v]b to %[ h[1 or :e!r or no1 or :51 or :]e "o is1 does1 or suff]s4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #fb4 ,we mu/ be immortal1 :e!r we w or no4--,matur9's ,s]mons1 p4 #cc4 ,he c>es n :e!r ! _w 0 made = ,cs> or no4--,am]ican ,qu>t]ly ,review4 ,i d n "k :e!r !y are out or no4--,byron's ,lett]s4 ,:e!r x c be prov$ or no1 is n ! ?+4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #hd4 ,:e!r or no he makes use ( ! means comm&$ by ,god4--,ib411 p4 #afd4 ,:e!r x pleases ! _w or no1 ! c>e is tak54-- ,l',e/range's ,s5eca1 p4 #e4 ,h[ comes ?is to be nev] he>d ( nor 9 ! lea/ que/ion$1 :e!r ! ,law 0 und\bt$ly ( ,moses's writ+ or no8--,bp4 ,toml9e's ,evid5ces1 p4 #dd4 ,:e!r he be a s9n] or no1 ,i "k n4--,john1 ix1 #be4 ,c ,i make m5 live1 :e!r !y w or no8--,%ak4 ,c he>ts1 n free1 be try'd :e!r !y s]ve ,will+ or no1 :o w b :at !y mu/8--,milton1 ,p4 ,l4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,( ,,d\ble ,,negatives4 ,we ne$ n1 nor d n1 conf9e ! purposes ( ,god4--,b5tley4 ,i _c by no means all[ him t4--,idem4 ,we mu/ try :e!r or no we _c increase ! ,att5tion by ! ,help ( ! ,s5ses4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bfc4 ,!re is no?+ m admirable nor m useful4--,horne ,tooke1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bj4 ,& :at 9 no "t to come he c nev] be said to h done1 he c nev] be suppos$ to d4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cde4 ,no skill c\ld obviate1 nor no rem$y dispel1 ! t]rible infection4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aad4 ,prud]y _c be an indication nei!r ( s5se nor ( ta/e4--,spurzheim1 on ,education1 p4 #ba4 ,b t scripture1 nor no o!r1 speaks n ( imp]fect fai?4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #agb4 ,b ?is scripture1 nor none o!r1 proves n t fai? 0 or is always accompani$ ) d\bt+4--,ibid4 ,! light ( ,*ri/ is n nor _c be d>kness4--,ib41 p4 #beb4 ,do? n ! ,scripture1 :i* _c lie1 give none ( ! sa9ts ?is te/imony8--,ib41 p4 #cgi4 ,:i* d n cont9ue1 nor are n b9d+4--,ib41 ,vol4 iii4 p4 #gi4 ,x n be+ p]ceiv$ directly no m ?an ! air4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cca4 ,let's be no ,/oics1 nor no /ocks1 ,i pray4--,%ak41 ,%rew4 ,:]e !re is no m>k$ nor peculi> "* 9 ! /yle4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #age4 ,!re c be no rules laid d[n1 nor no mann] recomm5d$4--,%]idan's ,lect41 p4 #afc4 ,bates4 ',he ha? n told 8 ?\ght to ! k+8' ,k4 ,h5ry4 ',no2 nor x is n meet he %\ld4'--,%ak4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,ev] ,,& ,,nev]4 ,! pray] ( ,*ri/ is m ?an suffici5t bo? to /r5g!n u1 be we nev] s weak2 & to ov]?r[ all adv]s>y p[]1 be x nev] s /rong4--,hook]4 ,he is l to h no %>e 9 x1 or to be ev] ! bett] = x4--,law & ,grace1 p4 #bc4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,*ili1 x seldom or ev] ra9s4--,willetts's ,geog4 ,if ,pompey %all b nev] s little seem to l x4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #cdf4 ,lat93 ',si ,pompeius paulum mod o/5d]it sibi plac]e4' ,cic4 i1 #e4--;,ib4 ,?\gh nev] su* a p[] ( dogs & hunt]s pursue him4--,walk]1 ib4 ,lat93 ',quamlibet magn canum et v5antium urg5te vi4' ,pl94 l4 #ah1 c4 #af4--;,ib4 ,?\gh y be nev] s excell5t4--,walk]1 ib4 ,lat93 ',quantumvis licet excellas4' ,cic4 de ,amic4--,ib4 ,if y d amiss nev] s little4--,walk]1 ib4 ,lat93 ',si tantillum peccssis4' ,plaut4 ,rud4 #d1 #d--;,ib4 ,if we ca/ our eyes nev] s little d[n4--,walk]1 ib4 ,lat93 ',si tantulum oculos dejec]imus4' ,cic4 #g4 ,v]4--,ib4 ,a wise man scorne? no?+1 be x nev] s small or homely4--,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #cg4 ,because !y h seldom or ev] an opportunity ( le>n+ !m at all4--,cl>kson's ,prize-,essay1 p4 #agj4 ,we seldom or ev] see ^? =sak5 :o tru/ 9 ,god4--,att]bury4 ,:]e1 play+ ) him at bo-peep1 ,he solv$ all problems1 ne'er s deep4--,hudibras4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,( ,,! ,,=m ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,"o c sc>ce ?9k t ,pope 0 capable ( epic or tragic poetry2 b )9 a c]ta9 limit$ region1 he has be5 outdone by no poet4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #djc4 ,i1 :o n[ read1 h ne> f9i%$ ?is *apt]4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #hb4 ,& yet1 to ref9e our ta/e ) respect to beauties ( art or ( nature1 is sc>ce endeav\r$ 9 any sem9>y ( le>n+4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 viii4 ,by ! ,numb]s be+ conf\nd$1 & ! ,possessives wrong appli$1 ! ,passage is nei!r ,engli% nor ,gramm>4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #abc4 ,! lett] ,g is wrong nam$ jee4--,creighton's ,dict41 p4 viii4 ,la/2 ,rememb] t 9 sci5ce1 z 9 morals1 au?ority _c make "r1 :at1 9 itself1 is wrong4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #aid4 ,!y regulate our ta/e ev5 :]e we are sc>ce s5sible ( !m4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #if4 ,sl[ action1 = example1 is imitat$ by words pron\nc$ sl[4--,ib41 ii1 #beg4 ,sure1 if x be to pr(it )al1 x mu/ be 9 ord] to save4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #cff4 ,:i* is sc>ce possible at be/4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #fg4 ,our weal? be+ ne> f9i%$4--,,h>ris3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,conjunctions4 ,! syntax ( ,conjunctions consi/s1 n 7z ,l4 ,murray & o!rs errone\sly tea*7 9 _! p[] ( det]m9+ ! mood ( v]bs1 or ! cases ( n\ns & pron\ns1 b 9 ! simple fact1 t !y l9k toge!r su* & su* t]ms1 & ?us m>k ! connexions ( human ?\ght4--,beattie4 ,,rule ,,xxii4--,,conjunctions4 ,conjunctions connect words1 s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces3 z1 ,let !re be no /rife1 ,i pray !e1 betwe5 me & !e1 & betwe5 my h]dm5 & ?y h]dm52 = we are bre?r54--,g541 xiii1 #h4 ,ah6 if %e l5d n arms z well z rules4 ,:at c %e m ?an tell u we are fools8--,pope4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,! conjunction t sometimes s]ves m]ely to introduce a s5t5ce :i* is made ! subject or ! object ( a f9ite v]b2#dcc z1 ,t m9d is n matt]1 is c]ta94 ,t y h wrong$ me1 do? appe> 9 ?is4--,%ak4 ,t "t is m9e1 ,o ,mead6 to !e1 ,i owe4--,"y4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,:5 two correspond+ conjunctions occur1 9 _! usual ord]1 ! =m] %\ld g5]ally be p>s$ z ref]r+ to ! latt]1 :i* is m prop]ly ! connect+ ^w2 z1 ,nei!r sun nor />s 9 _m days appe>$4--,acts1 xxvii1 #bj4 ,:e!r t evid5ce has be5 af=d$ or n1 is a matt] ( inve/igation4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #ah4 ,,exception ,,?ird4 ,ei!r1 correspond+ to or1 & nei!r1 correspond+ to nor or n1 are sometimes transpos$1 s z to repeat ! disjunction or negation at ! end ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 ,:]e !n 0 _! capacity ( /&+1 or 8 ei!r8--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #cei4 ,x is n dang]\s nei!r4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #ace4 ,he is v tall1 b n too tall nei!r4--,spect41 ,no4 #dge4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xxii4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,conjunctions t connect p>ticul> words1 g5]ally jo9 simil> p>ts ( spee* 9 a common dep5d5ce on "s o!r t]m4 ,h5ce1 if ! words connect$ be su* z h cases1 !y w ( c\rse be 9 ! same case2 z1 ,= me & !e--,matt41 xvii1 #bg4 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m4--,ib41 xviii1 #ai4 ,"h ! latt] n\n or pron\n is connect$ by & to ! =m]1 & gov]n$ by ! same preposition or v]b4 ,conjunctions !mselves h no gov]nm5t1 unless ! que/ionable phrase ?an :om may be reckon$ an exception4 ,see ,obs4 #ag? bel[1 & o!rs t foll[ x4 ,,obs4 #b4--,^? conjunctions :i* connect s5t5ces or clauses1 commonly unite "o s5t5ce or clause to an o!r1 ei!r z an additional ass]tion1 or z a condition1 a cause1 or an end1 ( :at is ass]t$4 ,! conjunction is plac$ betwe5 ! t]ms :i* x connects1 except !re is a transposition1 & !n x /&s be=e ! dep5d5t t]m1 & consequ5tly at ! beg9n+ ( ! :ole s5t5ce3 z1 ,he take? away ! fir/1 t he may e/abli% ! second4--,heb41 x1 #i4 ,t he may e/abli% ! second1 he take? away ! fir/4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! t]m t foll[s a conjunction1 is 9 "s in/ances a phrase ( sev]al words1 yet n !re=e a :ole clause or memb]1 unless we suppose x elliptical1 & supply :at w make x su*3 z1 ,& :atsoev] ye d1 d x he>tily1 ,,z to ! ,"l1 ,,& n unto m5--,col41 iii1 #bc4 ,if we say1 ?is means1 z do+ x to ! ,"l1 & n z do+ x unto m51 ! t]ms are /ill m]e phrases2 b if we say1 ! s5se is1 z if ye did x to ! ,"l1 & n z if ye did x unto m51 !y are clauses1 or s5t5ces4 ,*ur*ill says1 ,! (fice ( ! conjunction is1 to connect "o ^w ) an o!r1 or "o phrase ) an o!r4--,new ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,b he uses ! t]m phrase 9 a m ext5d$ s5se ?an ,i suppose x w /rictly be>3 he means by x1 a clause1 or memb]2 t is1 a s5t5ce :i* =ms a "p ( a great] s5t5ce4 ,,obs4 #d4--,:at is ! (fice ( ?is "p ( spee*1 accord+ to ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 ,brace1 ,h>t1 ,hiley1 ,smi?1 ,m',cullo*1 ,web/]1 ,wells1 & o!rs1 :o say t x jo9s words & s5t5ces toge!r1 7see ,errors on p4 #dcd ( ?is "w17 x is sc>cely possible to conceive4 ,if !y imag9e x to connect words on ! "o side1 to s5t5ces on ! o!r2 ?is is pla9ly absurd1 & contr>y to facts4 ,if !y suppose x to jo9 s5t5ce to s5t5ce1 by m]ely connect+ ^w to ^w1 9 a jo9t relation2 ?is also is absurd1 & self-contradictory4 ,aga91 if !y mean1 t ! conjunction sometimes connects ^w ) ^w1 & sometimes1 s5t5ce ) s5t5ce2 ?is s5se !y h n express$1 b h sev]ally puzzl$ _! read]s by an ungrammatical use ( ! ^w &4 ,"o ( ! be/ among !m says1 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ',he & ,i mu/ g1' ! ^w & unites two s5t5ces1 & ?us avoids an unnecess>y repetition2 ?us in/ead ( say+1 ',he mu/ g1' ',i mu/ g1' we connect ! words ,he1 ,i1 z ! same ?+ is affirm$ ( bo?1 namely1 mu/ g4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,"h is ! incongru\s sugge/ion1 t by connect+ words only1 ! conjunction 9 fact connects s5t5ces2 & ! /rang] blund] conc]n+ ^? words1 t ! same ?+ is affirm$ ( bo?1 namely1 t !y mu/ g4 ,:]eas x is pla91 t no?+ is affirm$ ( ei!r3 = ,he & ,i mu/ g1 only affirms ( him & me1 t we mu/ g4 ,& aga9 x is pla91 t & "h connects no?+ b ! two pron\ns2 = no "o w say1 t1 ,he & ,i mu/ g toge!r is a comp\nd s5t5ce1 capable ( be+ resolv$ into two simple s5t5ces2 & if1 ,he & ,i mu/ g1 is comp\nd because x is equival5t to1 ,he mu/ g1 & ,i mu/ g2 s is1 ,we mu/ g1 = ! same reason1 ?\gh x has b "o nom9ative & "o v]b4 ,he & ,i 7 pres5t1 is rightly giv5 by ,hiley z an example ( two pron\ns connect$ toge!r by &4 7,see 8 ,gram41 p4 #aje47 ,b1 ( v]bs connect$ to ea* o!r1 he absurdly supposes ! foll[+ to be examples3 ,he spake1 & x 0 done4--,i "k x1 & ,i c prove x4--,d y say s1 & c y prove x8--,ib4 ,"h & connects s5t5ces1 & n p>ticul> words4 ,,obs4 #e4--,two or ?ree conjunctions sometimes come toge!r2 z1 ,:at re/s1 b t ! mortal s5t5ce pass8--,milton4 ,nor yet t he %\ld (f] himself (t54--,heb41 ix1 #be4 ,^! may be sev]ally p>s$ z connect+ :at prec$es & :at foll[s1 & ! obs]vant read] w n fail to notice1 t su* comb9ations ( connect+ p>ticles are sometimes requir$ by ! s5se2 b1 s9ce no?+ t is ne$less1 is really prop]1 conjunctions %\ld n be unnecess>ily accumulat$3 z1 ,b ,,& if t evil s]vant say 9 8 he>t1 c4--,matt41 xxiv1 #dh4 ,greek1 ,greek3 ,ean de eip o kakos donlos eke9os1 c4 ,"h is no &4 ,b ,,& if %e dep>t4--#a ,cor41 vii1 #aa4 ,?is is almo/ a lit]al r5d]+ ( ! ,greek1 ,greek3 ,ean de kai *ori/h4--yet ei!r b or & is c]ta9ly useless4 ,9 sev]al cases1 says ,prie/ley1 we cont5t ourselves1 n[1 ) few] conjunctive p>ticles ?an our ance/ors did say us$4 ,example3 ',s ,,z t 8 doctr9es 7 embrac$ by great numb]s4' ,univ]sal ,hi/41 ,vol4 #bi1 p4 #eja4 ,s t w\ld h be5 mu* easi]1 & bett]4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aci4 ,"s ( ! poets h (t5 us$ ! ^w t z an expletive1 to fill ! measure ( _! v]se2 z1 ,:5 t ! poor h cri$1 ,cs> ha? wept4--,%akspe>e4 ,if t he be a dog1 bew>e 8 fangs4--,id4 ,t made him p9e away & m\ld]1 ,z ?\gh t he _h be5 no soldi]4--,butl]'s ,poems1 p4 #afd4 ,,obs4 #f4--,w4 ,all5 rem>ks1 t1 ,& is sometimes introduc$ to engage our att5tion to a foll[+ ^w or phrase2 z1 ',"p pays1 & ju/ly1 ! des]v+ /e]4' ,pope4 ',i see !e fall1 & by ,a*illes' h&4' ,id4--,all5's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ahd4 ,! l idiom1 he says1 occurs 9 ^! passages ( ,lat93 ',=san et hc olim mem9isse juvabit4' ,virg4 ',mors et fugacem p]sequitur virum4' ,hor4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #ahd4 ,b x seems to me1 t & & et are "h regul> connectives4 ,! =m] implies a repetition ( ! prec$+ v]b3 z1 ,"p pays1 & ju/ly pays1 ! des]v+ /e]4--,i see !e fall1 & fall by ,a*illes' h&4 ,! latt] ref]s back to :at 0 said be=e3 ?us1 ,p]haps x w also h]eaft] delight y to rec\nt ^! evils4--,& dea? pursues ! man t flees4 ,9 ! foll[+ text1 ! conjunction is m l an expletive2 b ev5 "h x sugge/s an ext5sion ( ! disc\rse !n 9 progress3 ,"l1 & :at %all ?is man d8--,john1 xxi1 #ba4 ,greek3 ,kurie1 outos de ti2--,dom9e1 hic autem quid8--,beza4 ,,obs4 #g4--,! conjunction z (t5 unites words t are 9 apposition1 or 9 ! same case2 z1 ,he (f]$ himself ,,z a j\rneyman4--,i assume x ,,z a fact4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #id4 ,9 an o!r example ( ! same k9d1 ! e>?1 ,,z a common "m1 is animat$ to give refuge aga9/ a fa!r's unk9dness4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol ii1 p4 #afh4 ,& !n to (f] himself up ,,z a sacrifice & propitiation = !m4--,sc\gal1 p4 #ii4 ,s1 likewise1 :5 an intransitive v]b takes ! same case aft] z be=e x1 by ,rule #f?2 z1 ,johnson soon aft] engag$ ,,z u%] 9 a s*ool4--,l4 ,murray4 ,he 0 employ$ ,,z u%]4 ,9 all ^! examples1 ! case t foll[s z1 is det]m9$ by t :i* prec$es4 ,if aft] ! v]b engag$ we supply himself1 u%] becomes objective1 & is 9 apposition ) ! pron\n1 & n 9 agreem5t ) ,johnson3 ,he engag$ himself z u%]4 ,"o late writ]1 ignorant or reg>dless ( ! analogy ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 imag9es ?is case to be an objective gov]n$ by ! conjunction z1 accord+ to ! foll[+ rule3 ,! conjunction z1 :5 x takes ! mean+ ( =1 or 9 ! "* (1 gov]ns ! objective case2 z1 ,addison1 z a writ] ( prose1 is highly di/+ui%$4--,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 9 8 gramm> publi%$ 9 #ahdh1 sets z 9 8 li/ ( prepositions1 ) ?is example3 ',t ,engl& c sp>e f h] s]vice su* m5 z ,,him4'--,"l ,br\gham4--,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,& aga93 ,:5 ! second t]m ( a ,comp>ison ( equality is a ,n\n1 or ,pron\n1 ! ,preposition ,,z is commonly us$4 ,example--',he ha? di$ to r$eem su* a rebel z ,,me4'--,wesley4 ,und\bt$ly1 ,wesley & ,br\gham "h errone\sly suppos$ ! z to connect words only1 & consequ5tly to require !m to be 9 ! same case1 agreeably to ,,obs4 #a/1 above2 b a mom5t's reflection on ! s5se1 %\ld conv9ce any "o1 t ! con/ruction requires ! nom9ative =ms he & ,i1 ) ! v]bs is & am und]/ood4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! conjunction z may also be us$ betwe5 an adjective or a p>ticiple & ! n\n to :i* ! adjective or p>ticiple relates2 z1 ,x does n appe> t brutes h ! lea/ reflex s5se ( actions ,,z di/+ui%$ f ev5ts2 or t w & design1 :i* con/itute ! v nature ( actions ,,z su*1 are at all an object ( _! p]ception4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bgg4 ,,obs4 #i4--;,z frequ5tly has ! =ce ( a relative pron\n1 & :5 x evid5tly su/a9s ! relation ( a case1 x ought to be call$1 & g5]ally is call$1 a pron\n1 r ?an a conjunction2 z1 ,avoid su* z are vici\s1--,anon4 ,b z _m z receiv$ him1 c4--,john1 i1 #ab4 ,we h r$uc$ ! t]ms into z small a numb] z 0 consi/5t ) p]spicuity & di/9ction4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 ix4 ,"h z repres5ts a n\n1 & :ile x s]ves to connect ! two p>ts ( ! s5t5ce1 x is also ! subject ( a v]b4 ,^! be+ ! true *>act]i/ics ( a relative pron\n1 x is prop] to ref] ! ^w to t class4 ,b :5 a clause or a s5t5ce is ! antec$5t1 x is bett] to consid] ! z a conjunction1 & to supply ! pron\n x1 if ! writ] has n us$ x2 z1 ,he is angry1 z x appe>s by ?is lett]4 ,horne ,tooke says1 ,! tru? is1 t ,,z is also an article2 & 7h[ev] & :5ev] us$ 9 ,engli%7 means ! same z ,x1 or ,t1 or ,:i*4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bbc4 ,b :at def9ition he w\ld give to an article1 does n appe>4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,9 "s examples1 x seems que/ionable :e!r z ought to be reckon$ a pron\n1 or ought r to be p>s$ z a conjunction aft] :i* a nom9ative is und]/ood2 z1 ,he !n read ! conditions z foll[4--,! conditions are z foll[4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,! pr9cipal evid5ces on :i* ?is ass]tion is gr\nd$1 are z foll[4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #aff4 ,! ,quiesc5t v]bs are z foll[4--,pike's ,heb4 ,lex41 p4 #ahd4 ,! o!r numb]s are duplications ( ^!1 & proce$ z foll[--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ce4 ,! mo/ em95t ( ! k5nel are bloodh\nds1 :i* lead ! van1 & are z foll[4--,/eele1 ,tattl]1 ,no4 #fb4 ,8 words are z foll[4--,spect41 ,no4 #fb4 ,! words are z foll[4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #eac4 ,! objections t are rais$ aga9/ x z a trag$y1 are z foll[4--,gay1 ,pref4 to ,:at d' ye call x4 ,! p>ticul>s are z foll[4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,! pr9cipal int]jections 9 ,engli% are z foll[4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,9 all ^! in/ances1 "o may suppose ! f9al clause to mean1 z !y "h foll[2--or1 suppos+ z to be a pron\n1 "o may conceive x to mean1 su* z foll[4 ,b "s critical writ]s1 x appe>s1 pref] ! s+ul> v]b1 z foll[s ,he> ,campbell3 ,:5 a v]b is us$ imp]sonally1 x ought und\bt$ly to be 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 :e!r ! neut] pron\n be express$ or und]/ood3 & :5 no nom9ative 9 ! s5t5ce c regul>ly be con/ru$ ) ! v]b1 x ought to be consid]$ z imp]sonal4 ,= ?is reason1 analogy z well z usage fav\r say fav\rs ?is mode ( expression1 ',! conditions ( ! agreem5t 7 z foll[s2' & n 'z foll[4' ,a few late writ]s h inconsid]ately adopt$ ?is la/ =m ?r\gh a mi/ake ( ! con/ruction4 ,= ! same reason we ought to say1 ',i %all consid] 8 c5sures s f> only z conc]ns my fri5d's conduct2' & n 's f> z conc]n4'--,philosophy ( ,rhet41 p4 #bbi4 ,x is too mu* to say1 at lea/ ( "o ( ^! s5t5ces1 t !re is no nom9ative ) :i* ! plural v]b c be regul>ly con/ru$4 ,9 ! =m]1 ! ^w z may be said to be a plural nom9ative2 or1 if we w h ?is to be a conjunction1 ! pron\n !y1 repres5t+ conditions1 may be regul>ly suppli$1 z above4 ,9 ! latt]1 inde$1 z is n a pron\n2 because x ref]s to s f>1 :i* is n a n\n4 ,b ! s5t5ce is bad ,engli%2 because ! v]b conc]n or conc]ns is improp]ly left )\t a nom9ative4 ,say !re=e1 ',i %all consid] 8 c5sures s f> only z !y conc]n my fri5d's conduct2'--or1 's f> only z my fri5d's conduct is conc]n$4' ,! foll[+ is an o!r example :i* ,i conceive to be wrong2 because1 ) an adv]b = its antec$5t1 z is made a nom9ative3 ,!y ought !re=e to be utt]$ z quickly z is consi/5t ) di/9ct articulation4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #gf4 ,say r1 ,!y ought !re=e to be utt]$ ) z mu* rapidity z is consi/5t ) di/9ct articulation4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,l9dley ,murray 0 s mu* puzzl$ ) ,tooke's notion ( z1 & ,campbell's doctr9e ( ! imp]sonal v]b1 t he has expressly left 8 pupils to hesitate & d\bt1 l himself1 :e!r "o ought to say z foll[s or z foll[1 :5 ! prec$+ n\n is plural2 or--to furni% an alt]native1 7if !y *oose x17 he %[s !m at la/ h[ !y may dodge ! "q1 by adopt+ "s o!r phraseology4 ,he beg9s ?us3 ,gramm>ians diff] 9 op9ion1 respect+ ! propriety ( ! foll[+ modes ( expression3 ',! argum5ts advanc$ 7 ne>ly z foll[s2' '! positions 71 z appe>s1 incontrov]tible4'-- ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #adf4 ,!n foll[s a detail ( sugge/ions f ,campbell & o!rs1 all ! quotations be+ anonym\s1 or at lea/ )\t def9ite ref]5ces4 ,omitt+ ^!1 ,i w\ld "h say ( ! two examples giv51 t !y are n p>allel in/ances4 ,=1 z foll[s1 ref]s to :at ! argum5ts 71--to ! ?+s !mselves1 consid]$ plurally1 & imm$iately to be exhibit$2 :]e=e ! expression ought r to h be51 z foll[1 or1 z !y "h foll[4 ,b1 z appe>s means z x appe>s1 or z ! case n[ appe>s2 & "o ( ^! pla9 modes ( expression w\ld h be5 mu* pref]able1 because ! z is "h evid5tly no?+ b a conjunction4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! div]sity ( s5tim5t on ?is subject1 says ,l4 ,murray1 & ! respectability ( ! diff]5t oppon5ts1 w naturally induce ! read]s to pause & reflect1 be=e !y decide4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #adg4 ,! equival5t expressions by means ( :i* he proposes to evade at la/ ! dilemma1 are ! foll[+3 ,! argum5ts advanc$ 7 ne>ly su* z foll[2--,! argum5ts advanc$ 7 ne>ly ( ! foll[+ nature2--,! foll[+ are ne>ly ! argum5ts :i* 7 advanc$2-- ,! argum5ts advanc$ 7 ne>ly ^? :i* foll[3--,^!1 or ne>ly ^!1 7 ! argum5ts advanc$2--,! positions 7 su* z appe> incontrov]tible2--,x appe>s t ! positions 7 incontrov]tible2 --,t ! positions 7 incontrov]tible1 is app>5t2--,! positions 7 app>5tly incontrov]tible2--,9 appe>ance1 ! positions 7 incontrov]tible4--,ibid4 ,if to %un ! expression w s]ve our turn1 surely "h are ways en\gh6 ,b to ^? :o pause & reflect ) ! int5tion to decide1 ,i w\ld comm5d ! foll[+ example3 ,reconciliation 0 (f]$1 on conditions z mod]ate z 7 consi/5t ) a p]man5t union4--,murray's ,key1 "u ,rule #a4 ,"h ,murray supposes 0 to be wrong1 & accord+ly *anges x to 71 by ! ,rule1 ,a v]b mu/ agree ) its nom9ative case 9 numb] & p]son4 ,b ! am5dm5t is a po9t$ rejection ( ,campbell's imp]sonal v]b1 or v]b :i* has no nom9ative2 & if ! s+ul> is n "r "h1 ! rhetorician's respectable au?ority v\*es only = a catalogue ( errors4 ,aga91 if ?is v]b mu/ be 7 9 ord] to agree ) its nom9ative1 x is /ill n cle> t z1 is1 or ought to be1 ! nom9ative2 because ! mean+ may p]haps be bett] express$ ?us3--on conditions z mod]ate z any t 7 consi/5t ) a p]man5t union4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,a late writ] expresses 8 decision ( ! =ego+ "q ?us3 ,( all ! diff]5t op9ions on a grammatical subject1 :i* h aris5 9 ! lit]>y _w1 !re sc>cely appe>s "o m indef5sible ?an t ( suppos+ z foll[s to be an imp]sonal v]b1 & to be correctly us$ 9 su* s5t5ces z ?is4 ',! conditions 7 z foll[s4' ,nay1 we are told t1 ,a few late writ]s h adopt$ ?is =m1 ',! conditions 7 z foll[1' inconsid]ately2 &1 to prove ?is *>ge ( inconsid]at5ess1 ! foll[+ s5t5ce is br\ght =w>d3 ',i %all consid] 8 c5sure c5sures is ! ^w us$ by ,campbell & by ,murray s f> only z conc]n my fri5d's conduct4' :i* %\ld be1 x is add$1 'z conc]ns1 & n z conc]n4' ,if analogy1 simplicity1 or syntactical au?ority1 is ( any value 9 our resolution ( ! s5t5ce1 ',! conditions 7 z foll[s1' ! ^w z is z evid5t a relative z language c af=d4 ,x is und\bt$ly equival5t to t or :i*1 & relates to its antec$5t ^? or su* und]/ood1 & %\ld h be5 ! nom9ative to ! v]b foll[2 ! s5t5ce1 9 its pres5t =m1 be+ inaccurate4 ,! second s5t5ce is by no means a p>allel "o4 ,! ^w z is a conjunction2 & ?\gh x has1 z a relative1 a ref]5ce to its antec$5t s1 yet 9 its capacity ( a m]e conjunction1 x _c possibly be ! nom9ative case to any v]b4 ,x %\ld be1 'x conc]ns4' ,:5ev] z relates to an adv]bial antec$5t2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',s f> z x conc]ns me1' x is m]ely a conjunction2 b :5 x ref]s to an adjective antec$5t2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',! bus9ess is su* z conc]ns me2' x mu/ be a relative1 & susceptible ( case1 :e!r its antec$5t is express$ or und]/ood2 be+1 9 fact1 ! nom9ative to ! v]b conc]ns4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #ade4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ by ! prec$+ rem>ks1 t ,i d n cite :at is "h said1 z believ+ x to be 9 all respects well said1 ?\gh x is ma9ly s4 ,9 reg>d to ! po9t at issue1 ,i %all add b "o critical au?ority m3 ',! circum/ances 7 z foll[s4' ,sev]al gramm>ians & critics h approv$ ?is phraseology3 ,i am incl9$1 h[ev]1 to concur ) ^? :o pref] 'z foll[4'--,crombie1 on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #chh4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,! conjunction t is frequ5tly und]/ood2 z1 ,x is seldom t _! c\nsels are li/5$ to4--,rob]tson's ,am]41 i1 #caf4 ,! tru? is1 t gramm> is v mu* neglect$ among u4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 vi4 ,! ,sportsman believes t !re is ,good 9 8 ,*ace *ase4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bif4 ,?\ w>n/ me t ,i h done amiss2 ,i %\ld h e>li] look$ to ?is4--,scott4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,aft] ?an or z1 connect+ ! t]ms ( a comp>ison1 !re is usually an ellipsis ( "s ^w or words4 ,! con/ruction ( ! words employ$ may be se51 :5 ! ellipsis is suppli$2 z1 ,!y are /rong] ?an we are4--,numb41 xiii4 #ca4 ,wisdom is bett] ?an weapons ( w> are4--,eccl41 ix1 #ah4 ,he does no?+ :o endeav\rs to d m ?an :at is all[$ to humanity4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,my puni%m5t is great] ?an :at ,i c be>4--,g541 iv1 #ac4 ,ralph gave him m ?an ,i gave him4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cea4 ,ralph gave him m ?an he gave me4--,ibid4 ,revelation1 surely1 0 nev] int5d$ = su* z he is4--,campbell's ,f\r ,gospels1 p4 iv4 ,let su* z him sne] if !y w4--,lib]ator1 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #ahb4 ,"h him ought to be he1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 because ! text speaks ( su* z he is or 04 ',y 7 z innoc5t ( x z me3' ',he did x z well z me4' ,9 bo? places x ought to be ,i3 t is1 z ,i 01 z ,i did4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ceb4 ,r let su* poor s\ls z y & ,i ,say t ! holidays are draw+ nigh4--,swift4 ,,obs4 #af4--,! doctr9e above /at$1 ( ellipses aft] ?an & z1 proce$s on ! supposition t ^! words are conjunctions1 & t !y connect1 n p>ticul> words m]ely1 b s5t5ces1 or clauses4 ,x is ! common doctr9e ( ne>ly all our gramm>ians1 & is d\btless liable to few] objections ?an any o!r !ory t ev] has be51 or ev] c be1 devis$ 9 lieu ( x4 ,yet z is n always a conjunction2 nor1 :5 x is a conjunction1 does x always connect s5t5ces2 nor1 :5 x connects s5t5ces1 is !re always an ellipsis2 nor1 :5 !re is an ellipsis1 is x always q c]ta9 :at t ellipsis is4 ,all ^! facts h be5 made pla91 by obs]vations t h already be5 be/[$ on ! ^w3 &1 accord+ to "s gramm>ians1 ! same ?+s may sev]ally be affirm$ ( ! ^w ?an4 ,b mo/ au?ors consid] ?an to be always a conjunction1 & g5]ally1 if n always1 to connect s5t5ces4 ,johnson & ,web/]1 9 _! diction>ies1 m>k x = an adv]b2 & ! latt] says ( x1 ,?is ^w signifies also !n1 bo? 9 ,engli% & ,dut*4--,web/]'s ,am]4 ,dict41 #hvo1 w4 ,?an4 ,b :at he means by also1 ,i "k n2 & surely1 9 no ,engli% ( ?is age1 is ?an equival5t to !n1 or !n to ?an4 ,! anci5t practice ( putt+ !n = ?an1 is n[ entirely obsolete2#dcd &1 z we h no o!r t]m ( ! same import1 mo/ ( our expositors m]ely expla9 ?an z a p>ticle us$ 9 comp>ison4--,johnson1 ,worce/]1 ,maund]4 ,"s absurdly def9e x ?us3 ,,?an1 adv4 ,plac$ 9 comp>ison4--,walk]1 7,rhym4 ,dict417 ,jones1 ,scott4 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition1 ?an w\ld be a p>ticiple6 ,b1 s9ce an express comp>ison necess>ily implies a connexion betwe5 diff]5t t]ms1 x _c well be d5i$ t ?an is a connective ^w2 :]e=e1 n to deta9 ! read] ) any pr(itless controv]sy1 ,i %all take x = grant$ t ?is ^w is always a conjunction4 ,t x always connects s5t5ces1 ,i d n affirm2 because !re are in/ances 9 :i* x is difficult to suppose x to connect any?+ m ?an p>ticul> words3 z1 ,less judgem5t ?an wit is m sail ?an balla/4--,p5n's ,maxims4 ,) no less eloqu5ce ?an fre$om4 ',p>i eloqu5ti ac lib]tate4' ,tacitus4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bjj4 ,any comp>ison betwe5 ^! two classes ( writ]s1 _c be o!r ?an vague & loose4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cdg4 ,?is f> m ?an comp5sates all ^? little neglig5ces4--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,rememb] ,h&el8 ,:o t 0 n born ,deaf z ! dead to h>mony1 =gets1 ,or c1 ! m ?an ,hom] ( 8 age8--,c[p]4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,:5 any two decl9able words are connect$ by ?an or z1 !y are almo/ always1 accord+ to ! true idiom ( our language1 to be put 9 ! same case1 :e!r we suppose an ellipsis 9 ! con/ruction ( ! latt]1 or n2 z1 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i4--,bible4 ,:at d ye m ?an o!rs8--,matt41 v1 #dg4 ,m m5 ?an wom5 7 !re4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,entreat him z a fa!r1 & ! y\ng] m5 z bre?r54--#a ,tim41 v1 #a4 ,i w\ld t all m5 7 ev5 z ,i myself4--#a ,cor41 vii1 #g4 ,simon1 son ( ,jonas1 love/ ?\ me m ?an ^!8--,john1 xxi1 #ae4 ,?is la/ text is manife/ly ambigu\s2 s t "s read]s w d\bt :e!r x means--m ?an ?\ love/ ^!1 or--m ?an ^! love me4 ,is n ?is because !re is an ellipsis 9 ! s5t5ce1 & su* a "o z may be v>i\sly conceiv$ & suppli$8 ,! orig9al too is ambigu\s1 b n = ! same reason3 ,greek3 ,simon ,iona1 agapas me pleion t\ton2--,& s is ! ,lat9 ( ! ,vulgate & ( ,montanus3 ,simon ,jona1 diligis me plus 88 ,:]e=e ,beza express$ x diff]5tly3 ,simon fili ,jon1 diligis me plus qum hi8 ,! ,fr5* ,bible has x3 ,simon1 fils de ,jona1 m'aimes-tu plus que ne font ceux-ci8 ,& ! expression 9 ,engli% %\ld r h be51 ,love/ ?\ me m ?an d ^!8 ,,obs4 #ah4--,! comp>ative degree1 9 ,greek1 is said to gov]n ! g5itive case2 9 ,lat91 ! ablative3 t is1 ! g5itive or ! ablative is sometimes put aft] ?is degree )\t any connect+ p>ticle correspond+ to ?an1 & )\t produc+ a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,we h examples 9 ! phrases1 ,greek3 pleion t\ton & plus 81 above4 ,( su* a con/ruction our language admits no real example2 t is1 no exact p>allel4 ,b we h an imitation ( x 9 ! phrase ?an :om1 z 9 ?is hackney$ example f ,milton3 ,:i*1 :5 ,belzebub p]ceiv$1 ?an :om1 ,satan except1 none high] sat1 c4--,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #cjj4 ,! objective1 :om1 is "h pref]r$ to ! nom9ative1 :o1 because ! ,lat9 ablative is commonly r5d]$ by ! =m] case1 r ?an by ! latt]3 b ?is phrase is no m explicable accord+ to ! usual pr9ciples ( ,engli% gramm>1 ?an ! error ( putt+ ! objective case = a v]sion ( ! ablative absolute4 ,if ! imitation is to be judg$ all[able1 x is to u a figure ( syntax--an obvi\s example ( ,enallag1 & ( t =m ( ,enallag1 :i* is commonly call$ ,antiptosis1 or ! putt+ ( "o case = an o!r4 ,,obs4 #ai4--,?is use ( :om aft] ?an has greatly puzzl$ & misl$ our gramm>ians2 _m ( :om h !nce conclud$ t ?an mu/ ne$s be1 at lea/ 9 ?is in/ance1 a preposition1#dce & "s h ext5d$ ! pr9ciple beyond ?is1 s z to include ?an :i*1 ?an ^: ) its foll[+ n\n1 & o!r nom9atives :i* !y w h to be objectives2 z1 ,i %\ld seem guilty ( +ratitude1 ?an :i* no?+ is m %ameful4 ,see ,russell's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,wa%+ton1 ?an ^: fame naught e>?ly c be pur]4--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bjd4 ,y h giv5 him m ?an ,i4 ,y h s5t h] z mu* z he4--,bu*anan's ,eng4 ,syntax1 p4 #aaf4 ,^! la/ two s5t5ces are errone\sly call$ by _! au?or1 false syntax2 n inde$ ) a notion t ?an & z are prepositions1 b on ! false supposition t ! preposition to mu/ necess>ily be und]/ood betwe5 !m & ! pron\ns1 z x is betwe5 ! prec$+ v]bs & ! pron\ns him & h]4 ,b1 9 fact1 ,y h giv5 him m ?an ,i1 is p]fectly good ,engli%2 ! la/ clause ( :i* pla9ly means--m ?an ,i h giv5 him4 ,&1 ,y h s5t h] z mu* z he1 w ( c\rse be und]/ood to mean--z mu* z he has s5t h]2 b "h1 because ! auxili>y impli$ is diff]5t f ! "o express$1 x might h be5 z well to h ins]t$ x3 ?us1 ,y h s5t h] z mu* z he has4 ,%e reviles y z mu* z he1 is also good ,engli%1 ?\gh f\nd1 ) ! =ego+1 among ,bu*anan's examples ( false syntax4 ,,obs4 #bj4--,murray's tw5tie? ,rule ( syntax av]s1 t1 ,:5 ! qualities ( diff]5t ?+s are comp>$1 ! latt] n\n or pron\n is n gov]n$ by ! conjunction ?an or z1 b agrees ) ! v]b1 c4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bad2 ,russell's ,gram41 #ajc2 ,bacon's1 #ea2 ,alg]'s1 #ga2 ,smi?'s1 #agi2 ,fisk's1 #ach4 ,to ?is rule1 ! great ,compil] & mo/ ( 8 foll[]s say1 t ?an :om is an exception4 or seems to =m an exception2 to :i* !y add1 t1 ! phrase is1 h[ev]1 avoid$ by ! be/ mod]n writ]s4--,murray1 i1 #bae4 ,?is latt] ass]tion ,russell conceives to be untrue3 ! =m] he adopts2 &1 call+ ?an :om an exception to ! g5]al rule1 says ( x1 7) no great consi/5cy17 ,"h ! conjunction ?an has c]ta9ly ! =ce ( a preposition1 & supplies its place by gov]n+ ! relative4--,russell's ,abridgem5t ( ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,b ?is is h>dly an in/ance to :i* "o w\ld apply ! maxim else:]e adopt$ by ,murray3 ,exceptio probat regulam4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bje4 ,to ascribe to a conjunction ! gov]n+ p[] ( a preposition1 is a v wide /ep1 & q too mu* l /raddl+ ! l9e :i* sep>ates ^! p>ts ( spee* "o f ! o!r4 ,,obs4 #ba4--;,*ur*ill says1 ,if !re be no ellipsis to supply1 z sometimes happ5s :5 a pron\n relative occurs aft] ?an2 ! relative is to be put 9 ! objective case absolute3 z1 ',alfr$1 ?an :om a great] k+ nev] reign$1 des]ves to be held up z a model to all future sov]eigns4'--,new ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,among 8 ,notes1 he has "o ) ref]5ce to ?is objective case absolute1 z foll[s3 ,x is n gov]n$ by ! conjunction1 = on no o!r occasion does a conjunction gov]n any case2 or by any ^w und]/ood1 = we c ins]t no ^w1 or words1 t w reconcile ! phrase ) any o!r rule ( gramm>3 & if we employ a pron\n p]sonal in/ead ( ! relative1 z he1 :i* w admit ( be+ resolv$ elliptically1 x mu/ be put 9 ! nom9ative case4--,ib41 p4 #ceb4 ,aga9/ ?is g5tleman's doctr9e1 "o may v well argue1 z he himself does aga9/ t ( ,murray1 ,russell1 & o!rs2 t on no o!r occasion d we speak ( putt+ ! objective case absolute2 & if1 agreeably to ! analogy ( our own tongue1 our di/+ui%$ au?ors w\ld condesc5d to say ?an :o1#dcf surely nobody w\ld ?9k ( call+ ?is an in/ance ( ! nom9ative case absolute1--except p]haps "o swagg]+ new !ori/1 t mo/ p$antic ( all sc(f]s1 ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce4 ,,obs4 #bb4--,! sum ( ! matt] is ?is3 ! phrase1 ?an :o1 is a m regul> & m analogical expression ?an ?an :om2 b bo? are ( que/ionable propriety1 & ! =m] is seldom if ev] f\nd1 except 9 "s few gramm>s2 :ile ! latt]1 :i* is 9 "s sort a ,lat9ism1 may be quot$ f _m ( our mo/ di/+ui%$ writ]s4 ,&1 s9ce t :i* is irregul> _c be p>s$ by rule1 if out ( respect to au?ority we judge x all[able1 x mu/ be set d[n among ! figures ( gramm>2 :i* are1 all ( !m1 int5tional deviations f ! ord9>y use ( words4 ,"o late au?or treats ! po9t pretty well1 9 ?is %ort h9t3 ,aft] ! conjunction ?an1 contr>y to analogy1 :om is us$ 9 /ead ( :o4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,an o!r gives 8 op9ion 9 ! foll[+ note3 ,:5 :o imm$iately foll[s ?an1 x is us$ improp]ly 9 ! objective case2 z1 ',alfr$1 ?an :om a great] k+ nev] reign$2'--?an :om is n grammatical4 ,x ought to be1 ?an :o2 because :o is ! nom9ative to 0 und]/ood4--,?an :om is z bad a phrase z 'he is tall] ?an him4' ,x is true t "s ( our be/ writ]s h us$ ?an :om2 b x is also true1 t !y h us$ o!r phrases :i* we h reject$ z ungrammatical2 !n :y n reject ?is too8--,l5nie's ,gramm>1 ,edition ( #ahcj1 p4 #aje4 ,,obs4 #bc4--,on ?is po9t4 ,bullions & ,brace1 two ,am]ican copyi/s & plagi>i/s ( ,l5nie1 adopt opposite notions4 ,! latt] copies ! =ego+ note1 )\t ! la/ s5t5ce2 t is1 )\t admitt+ t ?an :om has ev] be5 us$ by good writ]s4 ,see ,brace's ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,! =m] says1 ,! relative usually foll[s ?an 9 ! objective case1 ev5 :5 ! nom9ative goes be=e2 z1 ',alfr$1 ?an :om a great] k+ nev] reign$4' ,?is anomaly x is difficult to expla94 ,mo/ probably1 ?an1 at fir/ _h ! =ce ( a preposition1 :i* x n[ reta9s only :5 foll[$ by ! relative4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 ( #ahdc1 p4 #aab4 ,aga93 ,a relative aft] ?an is put 9 ! objective case2 z1 ',satan1 ?an :om none high] sat4' ,?is anomaly has n be5 satisfactorily expla9$4 ,9 ?is case1 "s reg>d ?an z a preposition4 ,x is probably only a case ( simple enallag--,bullions1 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 ( #ahdi1 p4 #aia4 ,pr(4 ,f[l]1 9 8 great publication1 ( #ahej1 says ( ?is example1 ,! expression %\ld be1 ,satan1 ?an :o ,none high] sat4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #dhb1 ,note #b4 ,?us1 by "o s+le =m ( antiptosis1 h our gramm>ians be5 z mu* divid$ & p]plex$1 z 7 ! ,lat9 gramm>ians by a va/ numb] ( su* *anges2 &1 s9ce !re 7 "s among ! latt]1 :o insi/$ on a total rejection ( ! figure1 !re is no great presumption 9 disc>d+1 if we please1 ! v little t rema9s ( x 9 ,engli%4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,peirce's new !ory ( gramm> re/s ma9ly on ! assumption1 t no correct s5t5ce ev] is1 or c be1 9 any wise1 elliptical4 ,?is is "o ( ! ,two ,,gr& ,,pr9ciples on :i* ! au?or says 8 "w is bas$4--,! ,gramm>1 p4 #aj4 ,! o!r is1 t gramm> _c possibly be taught )\t a ?or\gh re=mation ( its nom5clature1 a re=mation involv+ a *ange ( mo/ ( ! names & te*nical t]ms h]et(ore us$ = its elucidation4 ,i d n give precisely 8 own words1 = "o half ( ?is au?or's sy/em is express$ 9 su* language z ne$s to be translat$ into ,engli% 9 ord] to be g5]ally und]/ood2 b ?is is precisely 8 mean+1 & 9 words m intelligible4 ,9 :at e/imation he holds ^! two positions1 may be judg$ f ! foll[+ ass]tion3 ,)\t ^! gr& po9ts1 no "w1 :atev] may be its pret5sions1 c be ,a ,,gramm> ( ! ,,language4--,ib4 ,x foll[s t no man :o does n despise e o!r book t is call$ a gramm>1 c ent]ta9 any fav\rable op9ion ( ,peirce's4 ,! au?or h[ev] is tol]ably consi/5t4 ,he n only scorns to appeal1 = ! confirmation ( 8 own ass]tions & rules1 to ! judgem5t or practice ( any o!r writ]1 b c\nsels ! le>n] to spurn ! idea ( quot+1 ei!r z pro( or = def5ce1 ! au?ority ( any man4 ,see p4 #ac4 ,! notable results ( ^! important premises are too num]\s = detail ev5 9 ?is g5]al p&ect4 ,b x is to be m5tion$ "h1 t1 accord+ to ?is !ory1 a nom9ative com+ aft] ?an or z1 is 9 g5]al to be acc\nt$ a nom9ative absolute2 t is1 a nom9ative :i* is indep5d5t ( any v]b2 or1 7z ! +5i\s au?or himself expresses x17 ,a ^w 9 ! subjective case foll[+ ano!r subjective1 & imm$iately prec$$ by ?an1 z1 or n1 may be us$ )\t an ,,ass]t] imm$iately dep5d+ on x = s5se4--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #aie4 ,see also 8 ,grammatical ,*>t1 ,rule ,i1 ,"p #b4 ,,obs4 #be4--,l[?1 ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 & mo/ gramm>ians say1 t hypo!tical1 conditional1 concessive1 or exceptive conjunctions2 z1 if1 le/1 ?\gh1 unless1 except2 require1 or gov]n ! subjunctive mood4 ,b 9 ?is !y are c]ta9ly wrong3 =1 z ,dr4 ,crombie rightly obs]ves1 ! v]b is put 9 ! subjunctive mood1 because ! mood expresses cont+5cy1 n because x foll[s ! conjunction3 = ^! writ]s !mselves all[1 t ! same conjunctions are to be foll[$ by ! indicative mood1 :5 ! v]b is n int5d$ to express a cont+5cy4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ',?\gh he be displeas$ at x1 ,i w bolt my door2 & let him break x op5 if he d>e3' may we n z well affirm1 t & gov]ns ! imp]ative mood1 z t ?\gh & if gov]n ! subjunctive8--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cba4 ,,obs4 #bf4--;,9 ! li/ ( correspond5ts conta9$ 9 ,note #g? bel[1 !re are "s words :i* ought n to be call$ conjunctions1 by ! p>s]2 = ! relation ( a ^w z ! prop] correspond5t to an o!r ^w1 does n necess>ily det]m9e its "p ( spee*4 ,?us1 su* is to be p>s$ z an adjective2 z1 sometimes z a pron\n2 s1 z a conjunctive adv]b4 ,& only1 m]ely1 also1 & ev51 are sometimes conjunctive adv]bs2 z1 ,nor is ?is only a matt] ( conv5i5ce to ! poet1 x is also a s\rce ( gratification to ! read]4-- ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #aff4 ,murray's1 ,gram41 i1 #cfb4 ,pr(essor ,bullions w h x1 t ^! adv]bs may relate to n\ns--a doctr9e :i* ,i disapprove4 ,he says ,only1 solely1 *iefly1 m]ely1 too1 also1 & p]haps a few o!rs1 are sometimes jo9$ to sub/antives2 z1 ',n only ! m51 b ! wom5 also 7 pres5t4'--,engli% ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,only & also are "h1 ,i ?9k1 conjunctive adv]bs2 b x is n ! (fice ( adv]bs to qualify n\ns2 &1 t ^! words are adjuncts to ! n\ns m5 & wom51 r ?an ! v]b 71 :i* is once express$ & once und]/ood1 ,i see no suffici5t reason to suppose4 ,"s tea*]s imag9e1 t an adv]b ( ?is k9d qualifies ! :ole clause 9 :i* x /&s4 ,b x w\ld seem1 t ! relation ( su* words to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 or adjectives1 accord+ to ! common rule = adv]bs1 is 9 g5]al suffici5tly obvi\s3 z1 ,! p]fect t5se n only ref]s to :at is pa/1 b also conveys an allusion to ! pres5t "t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,is !re any "q ab\t ! true mode ( p>s+ only & also "h8 & h !y n 9 ! o!r s5t5ce1 a relation simil> to :at is se5 "h8 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xxii4 ,,note ,i4--,:5 two t]ms connect$ are ea* to be ext5d$ & complet$ 9 s5se by a ?ird1 !y mu/ bo? be su* z w make s5se ) x4 ,?us1 9 /ead ( say+1 ,he has made alt]ations & additions to ! "w1 say1 ,he has made alt]ations 9 ! "w1 & additions to x2 because ! relation betwe5 alt]ations & "w is n well express$ by to4 ,,note ,,ii4--,9 g5]al1 any two t]ms :i* we connect by a conjunction1 %\ld be ! same 9 k9d or quality1 r ?an diff]5t or het]og5e\s4 ,example3 ,! assi/ance 0 welcome1 & seasonably af=d$4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bdi4 ,bett]3 ,! assi/ance 0 welcome1 & x 0 seasonably af=d$4 ,or3 ,! assi/ance 0 bo? seasonable & welcome4 ,,note ,,iii4--,! conjunctions1 copulative or disjunctive1 affirmative or negative1 mu/ be us$ ) a due reg>d to _! own import1 & to ! true idiom ( ! language4 ,?us1 say1 ,! g5]al b5t or turn ( ! language is t[>ds ! o!r =m2 & n1 ) ,l[? & ,*ur*ill1 ,! g5]al b5t & turn ( ! language is t[>ds ! o!r =m4--,%ort ,introd41 p4 #fj2 ,new ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,s1 say1 ,i _c d5y t !re are p]v]se jades2 & n1 ) ,addison1 ,i _c d5y b !re are p]v]se jades4--,spect41 ,no4 #deg4 ,aga91 say1 ,i fe>$ t ,i %\ld be des]t$2 n1 le/ ,i %\ld be des]t$4 ,,note ,,iv4--,aft] else1 o!r1#dcg o!rwise1 r1 & all ,engli% comp>atives1 ! latt] t]m ( an exclusive comp>ison %\ld be introduc$ by ! conjunction ?an--a ^w :i* is appropriat$ to ?is use solely3 z1 ,/yle is no?+ else ?an t sort ( expression :i* our ?\ghts mo/ readily assume4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ib4 ,:at we call fables or p>ables are no o!r ?an allegories4--,ib41 p4 #aea2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdc4 ,we judge o!rwise ( !m ?an ( ourselves4--,r4 ,a9swor?4 ,! prem$itation %\ld be ( ?+s r ?an ( words4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfb4 ,is n ! life m ?an meat8--,com4 ,bible4 ,is n life a great] gift ?an food8--,campbell's ,gospels4 ,,note ,v4--,relative pron\ns1 be+ !mselves a species ( connective words1 necess>ily exclude conjunctions2 except !re be two or m relative clauses to be connect$ toge!r2 t is1 "o to ! o!r4 ,example ( error3 ,! pr9cipal & di/+ui%+ excell5ce ( ,virgil1 & :i*1 9 my op9ion1 he possesses beyond all poets1 is t5d]ness4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dci4 ,bett]3 ,! pr9cipal & di/+ui%+ excell5ce ( ,virgil1 an excell5ce :i*1 9 my op9ion1 he possesses beyond all o!r poets1 is t5d]ness4 ,,note ,,vi4--,! ^w t1 7z 0 %[n 9 ! fif? *apt] ( ,etymology17 is (t5 made a pron\n 9 respect to :at prec$es x1 & a conjunction 9 respect to :at foll[s x--a con/ruction :i*1 = its anomaly1 ought to be reject$4 ,= example3 ,9 ! mean "t ,,t ! ,muscovites 7 compla9+ to ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,*>les return$ ?anks to ,god1 & prep>$ = new victories4--,life ( ,*>les ,,xii4 ,bett] ?us3 ,:ile ! ,muscovites 7 ?us compla9+ to ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,*>les return$ ?anks to ,god1 & prep>$ = new victories4 ,,note ,,vii4--,! words 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ pairs1 are ! prop] correspond5ts to ea* o!r2 & c>e %\ld be tak51 to give !m _! "r place 9 ! s5t5ce3 #a4 ,to ?\gh1 corresponds yet2 z1 ,?\gh he 7 dead1 yet %all he live4--,john1 xi1 #be4 #b4 ,to :e!r1 corresponds or2 z1 ,:e!r x be great] or less4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #gg4 #c4 ,to ei!r1 corresponds or2 z1 ,! con/ant indulg5ce ( a declamatory mann]1 is n fav\rable ei!r to good composition1 or to good deliv]y4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccd4 #d4 ,to nei!r1 corresponds nor2 z1 ,john ! ,bapti/ came nei!r eat+ bread nor dr9k+ w9e4--,luke1 vii1 #cc4 ,?\ %alt nei!r vex a /rang] nor oppress him4--,exod41 xxii1 #ba4 #e4 ,to bo?1 corresponds &2 z1 ,i am debtor bo? to ! ,greeks & to ! ,b>b>ians1 bo? to ! wise & to ! unwise4--,rom41 i1 #ad4 #f4 ,to su*1 corresponds z2 7! =m] be+ a pronom9al adjective1 & ! latt] a relative pron\n27 z1 ,an assembly su* z e>? saw nev]4--,c[p]4 #g4 ,to su*1 corresponds t2 )1 a f9ite v]b foll[+1 to express a consequ5ce3 z1 ,! diff]5ce is su* t all w p]ceive x4 #h4 ,to z1 corresponds z2 ) an adjective or an adv]b1 to express equality ( degree3 z1 ,& he w5t out f 8 pres5ce a lep] z :ite z sn[4--#b ,k+s4 v4 #bg4 #i4 ,to z1 corresponds s2 ) two v]bs1 to express proportion or sam5ess3 z1 ,z two are to f\r1 s are six to twelve4--,z ! tree falls1 s x mu/ lie4 #aj4 ,s is us$ be=e z2 ) an adjective or an adv]b1 to limit ! degree by comp>ison3 z1 ,h[ c y desc5d to a ?+ s base z falsehood8 #aa4 ,s is us$ be=e z2 ) a negative prec$+1 to d5y equality ( degree3 z1 ,no lamb 0 e'er s mild z he4--,langhorne4 ,relatives are n s useful 9 language z conjunctions4--,,beattie3 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abf4 #ab4 ,to s1 corresponds z2 ) an inf9itive foll[+1 to express a consequ5ce3 z1 ,we ought1 c]ta9ly1 to read blank v]se s z to make e l9e s5sible to ! e>--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccb4 #ac4 ,to s1 corresponds t2 ) a f9ite v]b foll[+1 to express a consequ5ce3 z1 ,no man 0 s poor t he c\ld n make re/itution4--,milman's ,jews1 i1 #aac4 ,s run t ye may obta94--#a ,cor41 ix1 #bd4 #ad4 ,to n only1 or n m]ely1 corresponds b1 b also1 or b ev52 z1 ,9 h]oic times1 smuggl+ & piracy 7 deem$ n only n infam\s1 b ev5 absolutely hon\rable4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,^! are que/ions1 n ( prud5ce m]ely1 b ( morals also4--,dymond's ,essay1 p4 #hb4 ,,note ,,viii4--,:5 correspond5t conjunctions are us$1 ! v]b1 or phrase1 t prec$es ! fir/1 applies also to ! second2 b no ^w foll[+ ! =m]1 c by virtue ( ?is correspond5ce1 be und]/ood aft] ! latt]4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cec4 ,su* ellipses z ! foll[+ ought !re=e 9 g5]al to be avoid$3 ,tones are diff]5t bo? f emphasis & f pauses4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 i1 #bej4 ,?\gh bo? ! int5tion & ! pur*ase are n[ pa/4--,ib41 ii1 #bd4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xxii4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,two ,,t]ms ,,) ,,"o4 ,! fir/ proposal 0 ess5tially diff]5t & inf]ior to ! second4--,in/41 p4 #aga4 ,,=mule1--,n prop]1 because ! preposition to is us$ ) jo9t ref]5ce to ! two adjectives diff]5t & inf]ior1 :i* require diff]5t prepositions4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #a/ "u ,rule #bb;d1 ,:5 two t]ms connect$ are ea* to be ext5d$ & complet$ 9 s5se by a ?ird1 !y mu/ bo? be su* z w make s5se ) x4 ,! s5t5ce may be correct$ ?us3 ,! fir/ proposal 0 ess5tially diff]5t f ! second1 & inf]ior to x4 ,a neut] v]b implies ! /ate a subject is 91 )\t act+ ^u1 or be+ act$ ^u1 by ano!r4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,i answ]1 y may & ought to use /ories & anecdotes4--,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #bbj4 ,,oracle1 n4 ,any p]son or place :]e c]ta9 decisions are obta9$4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,=ms ( gov]nm5t may1 & mu/ be occasionally1 *ang$4--,ld4 ,lyttelton4 ,i h1 & pret5d to be a tol]able judge4--,spect41 ,no4 #eee4 ,are we n lazy 9 our duties1 or make a ,*ri/ ( !m8--,baxt]'s ,sa9ts' ,re/4 ,!y may n express t idea :i* ! au?or int5ds1 b "s o!r :i* only resembles1 or is a-k9 to x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #id4 ,we may1 we ought !re=e to read !m ) a di/+ui%+ eye4--,ib41 p4 #ceb4 ,comp>e _! pov]ty1 ) :at !y might1 & ought to possess4--,s$gwick's ,econ41 p4 #ie4 ,he is a mu* bett] gramm>ian ?an !y are4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #baa4 ,he 0 m belov$1 b n s mu* admir$ z ,c9?io4--,,addison1 ,,on ,,m$als3 9 ,prie/ly's ,gram41 p4 #bjj4 ,w x be urg$1 t ! f\r gospels are z old1 or ev5 old] ?an tradition8--,bol+b4 ,phil4 ,es41 iv1 #ai4 ,! c\rt ( ,*anc]y frequ5tly mitigates1 & breaks ! tee? ( ! common law4--,spectator1 ,no4 #efd2 ,w>e's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,antony1 com+ along side ( h] %ip1 ent]$ x )\t see+ or be+ se5 by h]4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #afj4 ,9 c&id m9ds1 tru? f9ds an entrance1 & a welcome too4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #afh4 ,9 _m designs1 we may succe$ & be mis]able4--lb41 p4 #afi4 ,9 _m pursuits1 we emb>k ) pleasure1 & l& sorr[fully4--,ib41 p4 #agj4 ,!y are mu* great] ga9]s ?an ,i am by ?is unexpect$ ev5t4--lb41 p4 #baa4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,het]og5e\s ,,t]ms4 ,a!ns saw !m ent]+ h] gates & fill h] academies4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #cj4 ,we h nei!r =got 8 pa/1 nor despair ( 8 future success4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #aba4 ,h] monum5ts & temples _h long be5 %att]$ or crumbl$ into du/4--,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #ae4 ,competition is excell5t1 & ! vital pr9ciple 9 all ^! ?+s4--,,dr4 ,,lieb]3 ib41 p4 #fd4 ,:e!r provision %\ld or n be made to meet ?is exig5cy4--,ib41 p4 #abh4 ,t our ,savi\r 0 div9ely inspir$1 & endu$ ) sup]natural p[]s1 are positions t are "h tak5 = grant$4--,murray's ,gram41 i4 #bjf4 ,x w\ld be mu* m eligible1 to contract or enl>ge _! ext5t1 by explanatory notes & obs]vations1 ?an by sweep+ away our anci5t l&m>ks1 & sett+ up o!rs4--,ib41 i4 p4 #cj4 ,x is c]ta9ly mu* bett]1 to supply ! defects & abridge sup]fluities1 by occasional notes & obs]vations1 ?an by disorganiz+1 or alt]+ a sy/em :i* has be5 s long e/abli%$4--,ib41 i1 #ei4 ,to h only "o tune1 or measure1 is n mu* bett] ?an hav+ none at all--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abf4 ,facts too well kn[n & obvi\s to be insi/$ on4--,ib41 p4 #bcc4 ,9 proportion z all ^! circum/ances are happily *os51 & ( a sublime k9d4--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,if ! description be too g5]al1 & dive/$ ( circum/ances4--,ibid4 ,he ga9$ no?+ fur!r ?an to be comm5d$4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #baj4 ,i _c b ?9k its application some:at /ra9$1 & out ( place4--,,ve?ake3 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #bi4 ,two negatives 9 ! same clause1 or ref]r+ to ! same ?+1 de/roy ea* o!r1 & leave ! s5se affirmative4--,maund]s ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,slates are /one & us$ to cov] ro(s ( h\ses4--,web/]'s ,el4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #dg4 ,e man ( ta/e1 & possess+ an elevat$ m9d1 ought to feel almo/ ! necessity ( apologiz+ = ! p[] he possesses4--,influ5ce ( ,lit]ature4 ,vol4 ii1 p1 #abb4 ,!y v seldom tr\ble !mselves ) ,enquiries1 or mak+ useful obs]vations ( _! own4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cgf4 ,we've bo? ! field & hon\r won2 ,! foe is pr(ligate1 & run4--,hudibras1 p4 #ic4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,import ,,( ,,conjunctions4 ,! is sometimes us$ be=e adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative & sup]lative degree4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #f2 ,bullions's1 #h2 ,brace's1 #i4 ,! def9ite article ! is frequ5tly appli$ to adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative & sup]lative degree4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cc2 ,+]soll's1 #cc2 ,l[?'s1 #ad2 ,fisk's1 #ec2 ,m]*ant's1 #bd2 & o!rs4 ,conjunctions usually connect v]bs 9 ! same mode or t5se4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,conjunctions connect v]bs 9 ! same /yle1 & usually 9 ! same mode1 t5se1 or =m4--,ib4 ,! ru9s ( ,greece & ,rome are b ! monum5ts ( h] =m] greatness4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,9 _m ( ^! cases1 x is n improbable1 b t ! articles 7 us$ orig9ally4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,i _c d\bt b t ^! objects are really :at !y appe> to be4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #he4 ,i "q n b my read] w be z mu* pleas$ ) x4--,spect41 ,no4 #ece4 ,x is t5 to "o b my fri5d ,pet] is among !m4--,ib41 ,no4 #deg4 ,i d\bt n b su* objections z ^! w be made4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #afi4 ,i d\bt n b x w appe> 9 ! p]usal ( ! foll[+ %eets4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 vi4 ,x is n improbable1 b t1 9 "t1 ^! diff]5t con/ructions may be appropriat$ to diff]5t uses4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aef4 ,b to =get or to rememb] at pleasure1 are equally beyond ! p[] ( man4--,idl]1 ,no4 #gb4 ,! nom9ative case foll[s ! v]b1 9 int]rogative & imp]ative s5t5ces4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bij4 ,c ! fig-tree1 my bre?r51 be> olive b]ries8 ei!r a v9e1 figs8--,james1 iii1 #ab4 ,^: *>act]s are too pr(ligate1 t ! manag+ ( !m %\ld be ( any consequ5ce4--,swift1 ,exam9]1 ,no4 #bd4 ,y t are a /ep high] ?an a philosoph]1 a div9e2 yet h too mu* grace & wit ?an to be a bi%op4--,pope1 to ,swift1 ,let4 #hj4 ,! t]ms ri* or poor ent] n into _! language4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cad4 ,?is pause is b seldom or ev] suffici5tly dwelt ^u4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #aha4 ,!re w\ld be no possibility ( any su* ?+ z human life & human happ9ess4--,butl]'s ,anal41 p4 #aaj4 ,! multitude rebuk$ !m1 because !y %\ld hold _! peace4--,matt41 xx1 #ba4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,! ,,conjunction ,,?an4 ,a metaphor is no?+ else b a %ort comp>ison4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bdc2 ,g\ld's1 #bcf4 ,!re be+ no o!r dictator "h b use4-- ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afg4 ,?is ,con/ruction is no o!rwise kn[n 9 ,engli% b by supply+ ! fir/ or second ,p]son ,plural4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 xi4 ,cyax>es 0 no soon] 9 ! ?rone1 b he 0 engag$ 9 a t]rible w>4--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #fb4 ,^? classics conta9 little else b hi/ories ( murd]s4--,am4 ,museum1 v1 #ebf4 ,ye %all n wor%ip any o!r except ,god4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #ae4 ,_! relation1 !re=e1 is n o!rwise to be asc]ta9$ b by _! place4-- ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bfj4 ,= he no soon] acco/$ h]1 b he ga9$ 8 po9t4--,burd]'s ,hi/41 i1 #f4 ,& all ! mod]n writ]s on ?is subject h done little else b translate !m4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccf4 ,"o :o _h no o!r aim1 b to talk copi\sly & plausibly4-- ,ib41 p4 #cag4 ,we c ref] x to no o!r cause b ! /ructure ( ! eye4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,no m is requir$ b s+ly an act ( vision4-- ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aga4 ,we f9d no m 9 its composition1 b ! p>ticul>s n[ m5tion$4-- ,ib41 i1 #dh4 ,he pret5ds n to say1 t x ha? any o!r effect b to raise surprise4--,ib41 ii1 #fa4 ,no soon] 0 ! pr9cess dead1 b he fre$ himself4--,johnson's ,sket* ( ,mor94 ,ought is an imp]fect v]b1 = x has no o!r modification besides ?is "o4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,! v]b is palpably no?+ else b ! tie4--,neef's ,sket*1 p4 #ff4 ,does he mean t !ism is capable ( no?+ else except be+ oppos$ to poly!ism or a!ism8--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajd4 ,is x meant t !ism is capable ( no?+ else besides be+ oppos$ to poly!ism1 or a!ism8--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cjg4 ,!re is no o!r me?od ( tea*+ t ( :i* any "o is ignorant1 b by means ( some?+ already kn[n--,,dr4 ,,johnson3 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #afc2 ,+]soll's1 #bad4 ,o faire/ fl[]1 no soon] bl[n b bla/$6-- ,milton's ,poems1 p1 #acb4 ,ar*itecture & g>d5+ _c o!rwise ent]ta9 ! m9d1 b by rais+ c]ta9 agreeable emotions or feel+s4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cah4 ,or1 r1 !y are no?+ else b n\ns4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,z if religion 7 int5d$ ,= no?+ else b to be m5d$4--,hudibras1 p4 #aa4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,relatives ,,exclude ,,conjunctions4 ,to prep>e ! ,jews = ! reception ( a prophet mighti] ?an him1 & ^: %oes he 0 n wor?y to be>4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bad4 ,has ?is ^w :i* repres5ts an action an object aft] x1 & on :i* x t]m9ates8--,osborn's ,key1 p4 #c4 ,! /ores ( lit]ature lie be=e him1 & f :i* he may collect1 = use1 _m lessons ( wisdom4-- ,knapp's ,lectures1 p4 #ca4 ,_m & v>i\s great advantages ( ?is ,gramm>1 & :i* are want+ 9 o!rs1 might be enum]at$4-- ,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,ab\t ! "t ( ,solon1 ! ,a!nian legislator1 ! cu/om is said to h be5 introduc$1 & :i* /ill prevails1 ( writ+ 9 l9es f left to "r4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ai4 ,! fundam5tal rule ( ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 & into :i* all o!rs might be resolv$1 und\bt$ly is1 to communicate1 9 ! cle>e/ & mo/ natural ord]1 ! ideas :i* we mean to transfuse into ! m9ds ( o!rs4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abj2 ,jamieson's1 #ajb4 ,he left a son ( a s+ul> "*1 & :o behav$ s ill t he 0 put 9 prison4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bba4 ,he discov]$ "s qualities 9 ! y\?1 ( a disagreeable nature1 & :i* to him 7 :olly unacc\ntable4--,ib41 p4 #bac4 ,an emphatical pause is made1 aft] some?+ has be5 said ( peculi> mom5t1 & on :i* we want 'desire' ,m4 to fix ! he>]'s att5tion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cca2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdh4 ,b we h duplicates ( ea*1 agree+ 9 movem5t1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 measure1 & :i* make diff]5t impressions on ! e>4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bei4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,t4 ,x w greatly facilitate ! lab\rs ( ! tea*]1 at ! same "t t x w relieve ! pupil ( _m difficulties4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,at ! same "t t ! pupil is engag$ 9 ! ex]cises j m5tion$1 x w be a prop] "t to /udy ! :ole ,gramm> 9 c\rse4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 ,revis$ ,ed41 p4 viii4 ,on ! same gr\nd t a p>ticiple & auxili>y are all[$ to =m a t5se4--,,beattie3 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #gf4 ,on ! same gr\nd t ! voices1 moods1 & t5ses1 are admitt$ into ! ,engli% tongue4--,ib41 p4 #aja4 ,! five examples la/ m5tion$1 are correct$ on ! same pr9ciple t ! prec$+ examples are correct$4--,ib41 p4 #ahf2 ,+]soll's ,gram41 #bed4 ,! braz5 age began at ! dea? ( ,trajan1 & la/$ till ! "t t ,rome 0 tak5 by ! ,go?s4--,g\ld's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bgg4 ,! introduction to ! ,duodecimo ,edition1 is reta9$ 9 ?is volume1 = ! same reason t ! orig9al introduction to ! ,gramm>1 is reta9$ 9 ! fir/ volume4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 iv4 ,! v]b mu/ also be ( ! same p]son t ! nom9ative case is4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,! adjective pron\n _!1 is plural = ! same reason t :o is4--,ib41 p4 #hd4 ,! ,sabellians c\ld n ju/ly be call$ ,patripassians1 9 ! same s5se t ! ,noetians 7 s call$4--,religi\s ,_w1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #abb4 ,?is is "o reason t we pass ov] su* smoo? language1 )\t suspect+ t x conta9s little or no mean+4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bih4 ,! fir/ place t bo? armies came 9 sight ( ea* o!r 0 on ! opposite banks ( ! riv] ,apsus4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #aah4 ,at ! v "t t ! au?or gave him ! fir/ book = 8 p]usal4--,campbell's ,rhetoric1 ,preface1 p4 iv4 ,pet] w sup at ! "t t ,paul w d9e4--,fosdick's ,de ,sacy1 p4 #ha4 ,pet] w be supp+ at ! "t t ,paul w ent]4--,ibid4 ,^!1 at ! same "t t !y may s]ve z models to ^? :o may wi% to imitate !m1 w give me an opportunity to ca/ m light ^u ! pr9ciples ( ?is book4--,ib41 p4 #aae4 ,"t 01 l !e1 !y life posse/1 ,& "t %all be1 t ?\ %alt re/4 --,,p>nell2 ,mur4 ,seq41 p4 #bda4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,( ,,! ,,correspond5ts4 ,our mann]s %\ld nei!r be gross1 nor excessively ref9$4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,a neut] v]b expresses nei!r action or passion1 b be+1 or a /ate ( be+4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cdb4 ,! old books are nei!r ,engli% gramm>s1 or gramm>s1 9 any s5se ( ! ,engli% ,language4--,ib41 p4 #cgh4 ,! au?or is appreh5sive t 8 "w is n yet z accurate & z mu* simplifi$ z x may be4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,! writ] c\ld n treat "s topicks z ext5sively z 0 desirable4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,:i* w\ld be a matt] ( su* nicety1 z no degree ( human wisdom c\ld regulate4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bf4 ,no und]tak+ is s great or difficult :i* he _c direct4--,duncan's ,cic41 p4 #abf4 ,x is a good :i* nei!r dep5ds on ! w ( o!rs1 nor on ! afflu5ce ( ext]nal =tune4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 #bii2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bhi4 ,n only 8 e/ate1 8 reputation too has suff]$ by 8 misconduct4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aej2 ,+]soll's1 #bch4 ,nei!r d !y ext5d z f> z might be imag9$ at fir/ view4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cej4 ,!re is no language s poor1 b x ha? two or ?ree pa/ t5ses4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,z f> z ?is sy/em is f\nd$ 9 tru?1 language appe>s to be n altoge!r arbitr>y 9 its orig94--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,i h n t comm& ( ^! convulsions z is necess>y4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgd4 ,conv]sation ) su* :o "k no arts :i* poli% life4--,ib41 ,no4 #dhj4 ,& :i* c be nei!r v lively or v =cible4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #gh4 ,to t degree z to give prop] names to riv]s4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/ ( ,lang41 i1 #cbg4 ,9 ! utt] ov]?r[ ( su* :o hate to be re=m$4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ddc4 ,b /ill s mu* ( x is reta9$1 z greatly injures ! uni=mity ( ! :ole4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 vii4 ,"s ( !m h gone to t height ( extravagance1 z to ass]t1 c4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,a tea*] is conf9$--n m ?an a m]*ant1 & probably n z mu*4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #bg4 ,x %all n be =giv5 him1 nei!r 9 ?is _w1 nei!r 9 ! _w to come4--,matt41 xii1 #cb4 ,:i* no body presumes1 or is s sangu9e to hope4--,swift1 ,drap4 ,let4 v4 ,= ! torr5t ( ! voice1 left nei!r "t or p[] 9 ! organs1 to %ape ! words prop]ly4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #aah4 ,t he may nei!r unnecess>ily wa/e 8 voice by ?r[+ out too mu*1 or dim9i% 8 p[] by us+ too little4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,i h reta9$ only su* :i* appe> mo/ agreeable to ! measures ( ,analogy4--,littleton's ,dict41 ,pref4 ,he is bo? a prud5t & indu/ri\s man4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,conjunctions ei!r connect words or s5t5ces4--,ib41 pp4 #ha & #aja4 ,su* silly girls :o love to *at & play1 ,des]ve no c>e1 _! "t is ?r[n away4--,tobitt's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,vice is a mon/] ( s frightful mi51 ,z to be hat$ ne$s b to be se54--,,pope3 ,mur4 ,gram41 ii1 #ag4 ,ju/ice mu/ puni% ! rebelli\s de$3 ,yet puni% s1 z pity %all exce$4--,,dryd53 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,improp] ,,ellipses4 ,t1 ^:1 & z relate to ei!r p]sons or ?+s4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,:i* & :at1 z adjectives1 relate ei!r to p]sons or ?+s4--,ib41 p4 #gj4 ,:e!r ( a public or private nature4-- ,adam's ,rhet41 i1 #dc4 ,:i* are includ$ bo? among ! public & private wrongs4--,ib41 i1 #cjh4 ,i might extract bo? f ! old & new te/am5t numb]less examples ( induction4--,ib41 ii1 #ff4 ,_m v]bs are us$ bo? 9 an active & neut] signification4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #cj2 ,alg]'s1 #bf2 ,guy's1 #ba2 ,murray's1 #fj4 ,its influ5ce is likely to be consid]able1 bo? on ! morals1 & ta/e ( a nation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgc4 ,! subject af=d$ a v>iety ( sc5es1 bo? ( ! awful & t5d] k9d4--,ib41 p4 #dci4 ,re/lessness ( m9d disqualifies u1 bo? = ! enjoym5t ( peace1 & ! p]=mance ( our duty4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #aff2 ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,adjective ,pron\ns are ( a mix$ nature1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties bo? ( pron\ns & adjectives4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #ee2 ,m]*ant's1 #dc2 ,fl9t's1 #bb4 ,adjective ,pron\ns h ! nature bo? ( ! adjective & ! pron\n4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,pronom9al adjectives are a k9d ( comp\nd "p ( spee*1 p>tak+ ! nature bo? ( pron\ns & adjectives4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,n\ns are us$ ei!r 9 ! s+ul> or plural numb]4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,! "q is n1 :e!r ! nom9ative or accusative ought to foll[ ! p>ticles ?an & z2 b1 :e!r ^! p>ticles are1 9 su* p>ticul> cases1 to be reg>d$ z conjunctions or prepositions4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjd4 ,9 ,engli% _m v]bs are us$ bo? z transitives & intransitives4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,he s5de? ra9 bo? on ! j & unju/4--,guy's ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,a foot consi/s ei!r ( two or ?ree syllables4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,because !y p>ticipate ! nature bo? ( adv]bs & conjunctions4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aaf4 ,surely1 ,romans1 :at ,i am n[ ab\t to say1 ought nei!r to be omitt$ nor pass )\t notice4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #aif4 ,_! language frequ5tly am\nts1 n only to bad s5se1 b non-s5se4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,h5ce arises ! necessity ( a social /ate to man bo? = ! unfold+1 & ex]t+ ( 8 nobl] faculties4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #adg4 ,:e!r ! subject be ( ! real or feign$ k9d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ded4 ,n only 0 lib]ty entirely ext+ui%$1 b arbitr>y p[] felt 9 its heavie/ & mo/ oppressive weight4--,ib41 p4 #bdi4 ,?is rule is applicable also bo? to v]bal ,critics & ,gramm>ians4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #add4 ,bo? ! rules & exceptions ( a language mu/ h obta9$ ! sanction ( good usage4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,,*apt] ,x4--,,prepositions4 ,! syntax ( ,prepositions consi/s1 n solely or ma9ly 9 _! p[] ( gov]n+ ! objective case1 7?\gh ?is alone is ! scope :i* mo/ gramm>ians h giv5 x17 b 9 _! adaptation to ! o!r t]ms betwe5 :i* !y express c]ta9 relations1 su* z appe> by ! s5se ( ! words utt]$4 ,,rule ,,xxiii4--,,prepositions4 ,prepositions %[ ! relations ( words1 & ( ! ?+s or ?\ghts express$ by !m3 z2 ,he came f ,rome to ,p>is1 9 ! company ( _m em95t m51 & pass$ ) !m ?r\gh _m cities--,analectic ,magaz9e4 ,ah6 :o c tell ! triumphs ( ! m9d1 ,by tru? illum9'd1 & by ta/e ref9'd8--,rog]s4 ,,exception ,,fir/4 ,! preposition to1 be=e an ab/ract inf9itive1 & at ! head ( a phrase :i* is made ! subject ( a v]b1 has no prop] antec$5t t]m ( relation2 z1 ,to le>n to die1 is ! great bus9ess ( life4--,dillwyn4 ,nev]!less1 to abide 9 ! fle%1 is m ne$ful = y4--,,/4 ,,paul3 ,phil41 i1 #bd4 ,to be r$uc$ to pov]ty1 is a great affliction4 ,too mu* to "k1 is1 to "k n\ght b fame2 ,& e godfa!r c give a "n4--,%akspe>e4 ,,exception ,,second4 ,! preposition =1 :5 x introduces its object be=e an inf9itive1 & ! :ole phrase is made ! subject ( a v]b1 has prop]ly no antec$5t t]m ( relation2 z1 ,= u to le>n to die1 is ! great bus9ess ( life4--,nev]!less1 = me to abide 9 ! fle%1 is m ne$ful = y4--,= an old man to be r$uc$ to pov]ty is a v great affliction4 ,= man to tell h[ human life began1 ,is h>d2 = :o himself beg9n+ knew8--,milton4 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xxiii4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 p>s+ any ord9>y preposition1 ! le>n] %\ld "n ! two t]ms ( ! relation1 & apply ! =ego+ rule1 aft] ! mann] prescrib$ 9 ,praxis #ab? ( ?is "w4 ,! pr9ciple is simple & etymological1 be+ impli$ 9 ! v def9ition ( a preposition1 yet n ! less necess>y to be giv5 z a rule ( syntax4 ,among tol]able writ]s1 ! prepositions exhibit m errors ?an any o!r equal numb] ( words4 ,?is is probably ow+ to ! c>eless mann] 9 :i* !y are usually slurr$ ov] 9 p>s+4 ,b ! p>s]s1 9 g5]al1 h at lea/ ?is excuse1 t _! text-books h taught !m no bett]2 !y !re=e call ! preposition a preposition1 & leave its use & mean+ unexpla9$4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,if ! le>n] be at any loss to discov] ! true t]ms ( relation1 let him ask & answ] two que/ions3 fir/1 ) ! int]rogative :at be=e ! preposition1 to f9d ! antec$5t2 & !n1 ) ! same pron\n aft] ! preposition1 to f9d ! subsequ5t t]m4 ,^! que/ions answ]$ accord+ to ! s5se1 w always give ! true t]ms4 ,= example3 ,!y da%$ t rapid torr5t ?r\gh4--,scott4 ,ques4 ,:at ?r\gh8 ,ans4 ,da%$ ?r\gh4 ,ques4 ,?r\gh :at8 ,ans4 ,?r\gh t torr5t4 ,= ! mean+ is--,!y da%$ ?r\gh t rapid torr5t4 ,if "o t]m is p]fectly obvi\s1 7z x almo/ always is17 f9d ! o!r 9 ?is way2 z1 ,day unto day utt]e? spee*1 & night unto night %[e? k4--,psal41 xix1 #b4 ,ques4 ,:at unto day8 ,ans4 ,utt]e? unto day4 ,ques4 ,:at unto night8 ,ans4 ,%[e? unto night ,= ! mean+ is--,day utt]e? spee* unto day1 & night %[e? k unto night4 ,to p>se rightly1 is1 to und]/& rightly2 & :at is well express$1 x is a %ame to misund]/& or mis9t]pret4 ,b sometimes ! position ( ! two n\ns is su*1 t x may require "s reflection to f9d ei!r2 z1 ,or t *oice plant1 s grateful to ! nose1 ,:i* 9 ,i "k n :at f> c\ntry gr[s4--,*ur*ill1 p4 #ah4 ,,obs4 #c4--,:5 a preposition beg9s or ends a s5t5ce or clause1 ! t]ms ( relation1 if bo? are giv51 are transpos$2 z1 ,to a /udi\s man1 action is a relief4--,burgh4 ,t is1 ,action is a relief to a /udi\s man4 ,sci5ce !y ! ladies d n pret5d ,,to4--,id4 ,t is1 ,!y d n pret5d to sci5ce4 ,until ,i h done t :i* ,i h spok5 to !e ,,(4--,g541 xxviii1 #ae4 ,! ^w gov]n$ by ! preposition is always ! subsequ5t t]m ( ! relation1 h[ev] x may be plac$2 & if ?is be a relative pron\n1 ! transposition is p]man5t4 ,! preposition1 h[ev]1 may be put be=e any relative1 except t & z2 & ?is is commonly ?\ght to be its mo/ appropriate place3 z1 ,until ,i h done t ( :i* ,i h spok5 to !e1 ,( ! plac+ ( x la/1 ,l[? says1 ,?is is an idiom :i* our language is /rongly incl9$ to2 ,murray & o!rs1 ,?is is an idiom to :i* our language is /rongly incl9$3 :ile !y all add1 x prevails 9 common conv]sation1 & suits v well ) ! famili> /yle 9 writ+2 b ! plac+ ( ! preposition be=e ! relative1 is m graceful1 z well z m p]spicu\s1 & agrees mu* bett] ) ! solemn & elevat$ /yle4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ie2 ,murray's1 #hvo1 p4 #bjj2 ,fisk's1 #ada2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?s1 #afg2 ,+]soll's1 #bbg2 ,*ur*ill's4 #aej4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! t]ms ( relation betwe5 :i* a preposition may be us$1 are v v>i\s4 ,! =m] or antec$5t t]m may be a n\n1 an adjective1 a pron\n1 a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 or an adv]b3 &1 9 "s in/ances1 we f9d n only "o preposition put be=e an o!r1 b ev5 a conjunction or an int]jection us$ on ?is side2 z1 ,because ,,( (f5ces4--,alas ,,= him6--,! latt] or subsequ5t t]m1 :i* is ! ^w gov]n$ by ! preposition1 may be a n\n1 a pron\n1 a pronom9al adjective1 an inf9itive v]b1 or an imp]fect or prep]fect p>ticiple3 &1 9 "s in/ances1 prepositions appe> to gov]n adv]bs1 or ev5 :ole phrases4 ,see ! obs]vations 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,etymology4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,bo? t]ms ( ! relation are usually express$2 ?\gh ei!r ( !m may1 9 "s in/ances1 be left out1 ! o!r be+ giv53 z1 7#a47 ,,! ,,=m]--,all %all "k me1 reckon+ ,,f ! lea/ to ! greate/4--,heb41 viii1 #aa4 ,i say ,,9 a ^w1 x w\ld entirely defeat ! purpose4--,blair4 ,:5 ,i speak ( reputation1 ,i mean n only reputation ,,9 reg>d to k1 b reputation ,,9 reg>d to ! tal5t ( communicat+ k4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afc2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cfj4 7#b47 ,,! ,,latt]--,op9ions & c]emonies :i* !y w\ld die ,,=4--,locke4 ,,9 ^? :o obta9 def5ce1 or 9 ^? :o def5d4--,pope4 ,o!rs are m mode/ ?an :at ?is comes ,,to4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ff4 ,,obs4 #f4--,! only prop] exceptions to ! =ego+ rule1 are ^? :i* are ins]t$ above1 unless ! ab/ract inf9itive us$ z a pr$icate is also to be except$2 z1 ,9 bo?1 to reason "r1 is to submit4--,pope4 ,b "h mo/ if n all gramm>ians w\ld say1 ! v]b is is ! antec$5t t]m1 or :at _! syntax takes to gov]n ! inf9itive4 ,! relation1 h[ev]1 is n su* z :5 we say1 ,he is to submit2 t is1 ,he mu/ submit1 or ought to submit2 b1 p]haps1 to insi/ on a diff]5t mode ( p>s+ ! m sep>able inf9itive or its preposition1 w\ld be a ne$less ref9em5t4 ,yet "s reg>d ought to be paid to ! diff]5t relations :i* ! inf9itive may be> to ?is f9ite v]b4 ,= want ( a due e/imate ( ?is diff]5ce1 ! foll[+ s5t5ce is1 ,i ?9k1 v faulty3 ,! great bus9ess ( ?is life is to prep>e1 & qualify u1 = ! enjoym5t ( a bett]4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cgc4 ,if ! au?or meant to tell :at our great bus9ess 9 ?is life is1 he %\ld r h said3 ,! great bus9ess ( ?is life is1 to prep>e & qualify ourselves = ! enjoym5t ( a bett]4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,9 relation to ! inf9itive1 ,dr4 ,adam rem>ks1 t1 ,to 9 ,engli% is (t5 tak5 absolutely2 z1 ,to confess ! tru?2 ,to proce$2 ,to conclude4--,lat9 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 ,b ! ass]tion is n entirely true2 nor are 8 examples appropriate2 = :at he & _m o!r gramm>ians call ! inf9itive absolute1 evid5tly dep5ds on some?+ und]/ood2 & ! preposition is1 surely1 9 no in/ance indep5d5t ( :at foll[s x1 & is !re=e nev] entirely absolute4 ,prepositions are n to be suppos$ to h no antec$5t t]m1 m]ely because !y /& at ! head ( a phrase or s5t5ce :i* is made ! subject ( a v]b2 = ! phrase or s5t5ce itself (t5 conta9s t t]m1 z 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,9 :at way m9d acts ^u matt]1 is unkn[n4 ,"h 9 %[s ! relation betwe5 acts & way2 because ! expression sugge/s1 t m9d acts ,,9 "s way ^u matt]4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! second exception above1 :]ev] x is f\nd applicable1 cancels ! fir/2 because x introduces an antec$5t t]m be=e ! preposition to1 z may be se5 by ! examples giv54 ,x is que/ionable too1 :e!r bo? ( !m may n also be cancell$ 9 an o!r way2 t is1 by transposition & ! introduction ( ! pron\n x = ! nom9ative3 z1 ,x is a great affliction1 ,,to be r$uc$ to pov]ty4--,x is h>d ,,= man to tell h[ human life began4--,nev]!less x is m ne$ful = y1 ,,t ,i %\ld abide 9 ! fle%4 ,we _c s well say1 ,x is m ne$ful = y1 ,,= me to abide 9 ! fle%2 b we may say1 ,x is1 on y\r acc\nt1 m ne$ful ,,= me to abide 9 ! fle%4 ,if ^!1 & o!r simil> examples1 are n to be acc\nt$ additional in/ances 9 :i* to & =1 & also ! conjunction t1 are )\t any prop] antec$5t t]ms1 we mu/ suppose ^! p>ticles to %[ ! relation betwe5 :at prec$es & :at foll[s !m4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! preposition 7z its "n implies7 prec$es ! ^w :i* x gov]ns4 ,yet !re are "s exceptions4 ,9 ! famili> /yle1 a preposition gov]n+ a relative or an int]rogative pron\n1 is (t5 sep>at$ f its object1 & connect$ ) ! o!r t]m ( relation2 z1 ,:om did he speak to8 ,b x is m dignifi$1 & 9 g5]al m graceful1 to place ! preposition be=e ! pron\n2 z1 ,to :om did he speak8 ,! relatives t & z1 if gov]n$ by a preposition1 mu/ always prec$e x4 ,9 "s in/ances1 ! pron\n mu/ be suppli$ 9 p>s+2 z1 ,to set (f ! banquet t or :i* he gives notice (4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #ded4 ,sometimes ! objective ^w is put fir/ because x is emphatical2 z1 ,?is ! great und]/&1 ?is !y pique !mselves ^u4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ff4 ,prepositions ( m ?an "o syllable1 are sometimes put imm$iately aft] _! objects1 especially 9 poetry2 z1 ,kn[n all ! _w ov]4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles p4 #bia4 ,! ?+ is kn[n all ,lesbos ov]4--,ibid4 ,wild ,c>ron's lonely woods among4--,langhorne4 ,?y deep rav9es & dells along4--,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,two prepositions sometimes come toge!r2 z1 ,lambe? is ov] aga9/ ,we/m9/] abbey4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aah4 ,& f be=e ! lu/re ( h] face1 ,:ite break ! cl\ds away4--,?omson4 ,& ! meagre fi5d ,bl[s mildew f betwe5 8 %rivell'd lips4--,c[p]4 ,^!1 9 mo/ in/ances1 ?\gh !y are n usually writt5 z comp\nds1 appe> naturally to coalesce 9 _! syntax1 z 0 obs]v$ 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,etymology1 & to express a sort ( comp\nd relation betwe5 ! o!r t]ms ) :i* !y are connect$4 ,:5 su* is _! "*1 !y ought to be tak5 toge!r 9 p>s+2 =1 if we p>se !m sep>ately1 we mu/ ei!r call ! fir/ an adv]b1 or suppose "s v awkw>d ellipsis4 ,"s in/ances h[ev] occur1 9 :i* an object may easily be suppli$ to ! =m] ^w1 & p]haps ought to be2 z1 ,he is at lib]ty to sell x at a price above a fair remun]ation4-- ,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #beh4 ,& ,i wi% !y _h be5 at ! bottom ( ! dit* ,i pull$ y out (1 in/ead ( be+ ^u my back4--,s&=d & ,m]ton1 p4 #bi4 ,9 su* examples z ! foll[+1 ! fir/ preposition1 (1 appe>s to me to gov]n ! plural n\n :i* ends ! s5t5ce2 & ! int]m$iate ones1 f & to1 to h bo? t]ms ( _! relation und]/ood3 ,iambic v]se consi/s ( f two to six feet2 t is1 ( f f\r to twelve syllables4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aai4 ,tro*aic v]se consi/s ( f "o to ?ree feet4--,ibid4 ,! mean+ is--,iambic v]se consi/s ( feet v>y+ 9 numb] f two to six2 or 7x consi/s7 ( syllables v>y+ f f\r to twelve4--,tro*aic v]se consi/s ( feet v>y+ f "o foot to ?ree feet4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,"o antec$5t t]m may h sev]al prepositions dep5d+ on x1 ) "o object aft] ea*1 or m ?an "o aft] any1 or only "o aft] bo? or all2 z1 ,a decl>ation = virtue & aga9/ vice4--,butl]'s ,anal41 p4 #aeg4 ,a positive law aga9/ all fraud1 falsehood1 & viol5ce1 & =1 or 9 fav\r (1 all ju/ice & tru?4 ,= ( him1 & ?r\gh him1 & to him1 are all ?+s4--,bible4 ,9 fact1 n only may ! relation be simple 9 reg>d to all or any ( ! words1 b x may also be complex 9 reg>d to all or any ( !m4 ,h5ce sev]al diff]5t prepositions1 :e!r !y h diff]5t antec$5t t]ms or only "o & ! same1 may ref] ei!r jo9tly or sev]ally to "o object or to m4 ,?is foll[s1 because n only may ei!r antec$5ts or objects be connect$ by conjunctions1 b prepositions also admit ( ?is con/ruction1 ) or )\t a connect+ ( _! antec$5ts4 ,examples3 ,!y are capable (1 & plac$ 91 diff]5t /ations 9 ! society ( mank9d4--,butl]'s ,anal41 p4 #aae4 ,our p]ception ( vice & ill des]t arises f1 & is ! result (1 a comp>ison ( actions ) ! nature & capacities ( ! ag5t4--,ib41 p4 #bgi4 ,& ! design ( ?is *apt] is1 to inquire h[ f> ?is is ! case2 h[ f>1 ov] & above ! moral nature :i* ,god has giv5 u1 & our natural notion ( him1 z righte\s gov]nor ( ^? 8 creatures to :om he has giv5 ?is nature2 ,i say1 h[ f>1 besides ?is1 ! pr9ciples & beg9n+s ( a moral gov]nm5t ov] ! _w may be disc]n$1 not)/&+ & amid/ all ! confusion & disord] ( x4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! preposition into1 expresses a relation produc$ by motion or *ange2 & 91 ! same relation1 )\t ref]5ce to motion z hav+ produc$ x3 h5ce1 to walk into ! g>d51 &1 to walk 9 ! g>d51 are v diff]5t 9 mean+4 ,x is disagreeable to f9d a ^w split into two by a pause4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #hc4 ,?is appe>s to be "r 9 s5se1 b because brevity is desirable 9 unemphatic p>ticles1 ,i suppose mo/ p]sons w\ld say1 split 9 two4 ,9 ! ,bible we h ! phrases1 r5t 9 twa91--cut 9 pieces1--brake 9 pieces ! rocks1--brake all _! bones 9 pieces1--brake !m to pieces1--brok5 to pieces1--pull$ 9 pieces4 ,9 all ^!1 except ! fir/1 to may p]haps be consid]$ pref]able to 92 & into w\ld be objectionable only because x is long] & less simple4 ,half ( !m d>e n %ake ! sn[ f (f _! cassocks1 le/ !y %ake !mselves to pieces4--,,%ak43 ,kames1 ii1 #bdf4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,betwe51 or betwixt1 is us$ 9 ref]5ce to two ?+s or p>ties2 among1 or among/1 amid1 or amid/1 9 ref]5ce to a great] numb]1 or to some?+ by :i* an o!r may be surr\nd$3 z1 ,?\ p5dulum betwixt a smile & te>4--,byron4 ,! ho/ betwe5 ! m\nta9 & ! %ore4--,id4 ,to m$itate among/ decay1 & /& a ru9 amid/ ru9s4--,id4 ,9 ! foll[+ examples1 ! import ( ^! prepositions is n v accurately reg>d$2 ,! ,greeks wrote 9 capitals1 & left no spaces betwe5 _! words4--,wilson's ,essay1 p4 #f4 ,?is con/ruction may p]haps be all[$1 because ! spaces by :i* words are n[ divid$1 occur sev]ally betwe5 "o ^w & an o!r2 b ! au?or might z well h said1 & left no spaces to di/+ui% _! words4 ,!re 0 a hunt+ mat* agre$ ^u betwixt a lion1 an ass1 & a fox4--,l',e/range4 ,"h by or among w\ld1 ,i ?9k1 be bett] ?an betwixt1 because ! p>tn]s 7 m ?an two4 ,betwe5 two or m au?ors1 diff]5t read]s w diff]1 exce$+ly1 z to ! pref]5ce 9 po9t ( m]it4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afb2 ,jamieson's1 #dj2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cfj4 ,say1 ,conc]n+ two or m au?ors1 because betwe5 is n consi/5t ) ! ^w m4 ,ris+ "o among ano!r 9 ! greate/ confusion & disord]4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgf4 ,say1 ,ris+ promiscu\sly1 or1 ,ris+ all at once2 = among is n consi/5t ) ! di/ributive t]m "o an o!r4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,( two prepositions com+ toge!r betwe5 ! same t]ms ( relation1 & sometimes connect$ 9 ! same con/ruction1 ,i h giv5 sev]al pla9 examples 9 ?is *apt]1 & 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,etymology1 a v great numb]1 all f s\rces suffici5tly respectable4 ,b1 9 _m ( our ,engli% gramm>s1 !re is a /]eotyp$ rem>k on ?is po9t1 orig9ally writt5 by ,prie/ley1 :i* x is prop] "h to cite1 z an o!r specim5 ( ! ,doctor's ha/9ess1 & ( ! bl9d confid5ce ( c]ta9 compil]s & copyi/s3 ,two diff]5t prepositions mu/ be improp] 9 ! same con/ruction1 & 9 ! same s5t5ce3 z1 ,! combat betwe5 ?irty ,britons1 aga9/ tw5ty ,engli%4 ,smollett's ,voltaire1 ,vol4 #b1 p4 #bib4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aef4 ,l9dley ,murray & o!rs h ! same rem>k1 ) ! example alt]$ ?us3 ,! combat betwe5 ?irty ,fr5* aga9/ tw5ty ,engli%4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bjj2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #afg3 ,fisk's1 #adb2 ,+]soll's1 #bbh4 ,w4 ,all5 has x ?us3 ,two diff]5t prepositions 9 ! same con/ruction are improp]2 z1 a combat betwe5 tw5ty ,fr5* aga9/ ?irty ,engli%4--,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #agi4 ,he gives ! odds to ! latt] p>ty4 ,hiley1 ) no exp5se ( ?\ght1 fir/ takes f ,murray1 z he f ,prie/ley1 ! useless rem>k1 ,diff]5t relations1 & diff]5t s5ses1 mu/ be express$ by diff]5t prepositions2 & !n adds1 ,"o relation mu/ n1 !re=e1 be express$ by two diff]5t prepositions 9 ! same clause2 ?us1 ',! combat betwe5 ?irty ,fr5* aga9/ ?irty ,engli%1' %\ld be1 ',! combat betwe5 ?irty ,fr5* & ?irty ,engli%4'--,hiley's ,e4 ,gram41 p #ig4 ,x is manife/ t ! error ( ?is example is n 9 ! use ( two prepositions1 nor is !re any tru? or fitness 9 ! note or notes made on x by all ^! critics2 = _h !y said1 ,! combat ( ?irty ,fr5* aga9/ tw5ty ,engli%1 !re w\ld /ill be two prepositions1 b :]e w\ld be ! impropriety1 or :]e ! sam5ess ( con/ruction1 :i* !y speak (8 ,betwe5 is incompatible ) aga9/1 only because x requires two p>ties or ?+s = its own regim52 z1 ,! combat betwe5 ?irty ,fr5*m5 & tw5ty ,engli%m54 ,?is is :at ,smollett %\ld h writt51 to make s5se ) ! ^w betwe54 ,,obs4 #ae4--,) l implicitness1 ,hiley except$1 ^! gramm>ians & o!rs h adopt$ f ,l[? an obs]vation 9 :i* ! le>n$ doctor has c5sur$ q too /rongly ! jo9t ref]5ce ( diff]5t prepositions to ! same objective n\n3 to wit1 ,"s writ]s sep>ate ! preposition f its n\n1 9 ord] to connect diff]5t prepositions to ! same n\n2 z1 ',to suppose ! zodiac & planets to be effici5t (1 & antec$5t to1 !mselves4' ,b5tley1 ,s]m4 #f4 ,?is con/ruction1 :e!r 9 ! famili> or ! solemn /yle1 is always inelegant2 & %\ld nev] be admitt$1 b 9 =ms ( law1 & ! l2 :]e fullness & exactness ( expression mu/ take place ( e o!r consid]ation4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #if2 ,murray's1 i1 #bjj2 ,smi?'s1 #afg2 ,fisk's1 #ada2 ,+]soll's1 #bbh2 ,alg]'s1 #fg2 ,picket's1 #bjg4 ,*ur*ill ev5 goes fur!r1 bo? /r5g!n+ ! c5sure1 & disall[+ ! exception3 ?us1 ,?is1 :e!r 9 ! solemn or 9 ! famili> /yle1 is always inelegant1 & %\ld nev] be admitt$4 ,x is an awkw>d %ift = avoid+ ! repetition ( a ^w1 :i* might be accompli%$ )\t x by any p]son :o has ! lea/ comm& ( language4--,new ,gram41 p4 #cda4 ,yet1 ) all _! comm& ( language1 n "o ( ^! g5tlem5 has told u h[ ! =ego+ s5t5ce f ,b5tley may be am5d$2 :ile _m ( _! numb] n only v5ture to use diff]5t prepositions be=e ! same n\n1 b ev5 to add a phrase :i* puts t n\n 9 ! nom9ative case3 z1 ,?us1 ! "t ( ! inf9itive may be be=e1 aft]1 or ! same z1 ! "t ( ! gov]n+ v]b1 accord+ z ! ?+ signifi$ by ! inf9itive is suppos$ to be be=e1 aft]1 or pres5t )1 ! ?+ d5ot$ by ! gov]n+ v]b4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aia2 ,+]soll's1 #bfj2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #aei4 ,,obs4 #af4--,! /ructure ( ?is example n only contradicts palpably1 & twice ov]1 ! doctr9e cit$ above1 b "o may say ( ! =m] "p ( x1 z ,l[?1 ,murray1 & o!rs d1 79 no v accurate ,engli%17 ( ! text #a ,cor41 ii1 #i3 ,!re seems to be an impropriety 9 ?is s5t5ce1 9 :i* ! same n\n s]ves 9 a d\ble capacity1 p]=m+ at ! same "t ! (fices bo? ( ! nom9ative & objective cases4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bbd4 ,see also ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gc2 ,+]soll's1 #bgg2 ,fisk's1 #adi2 ,smi?'s1 #ahe4 ,two o!r examples1 exactly l t :i* is s po9t$ly c5sur$ above1 are plac$ by ,murray "u 8 ?irte5? rule = ! comma2 & ^! likewise1 ) all fai?fulness1 are copi$ by ,+]soll1 ,smi?1 ,alg]1 ,kirkham1 ,comly1 ,russell1 & ,i "k n h[ _m m4 ,9 %ort1 n only does ?is rule ( _! punctuation include ! con/ruction 9 "q2 b ! foll[+ exception to x1 :i* is rem>kable = its v>i\s faults1 or ?or\gh fault9ess1 is applicable to no o!r3 ,sometimes1 :5 ! ^w ) :i* ! la/ preposition agrees1 is s+le1 x is bett] to omit ! comma be=e x3 z1 ',_m /ates 7 9 alliance )1 & "u ! protection ( ,rome4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgb2 ,smi?'s1 #aij2 ,+]soll's1 #bhd2 ,kirkham's1 #bae2 ,alg]'s1 #gi2 ,ald5's1 #adi2 ,abel ,fl9t's1 #ajc2 ,russell's1 #aae4 ,b ! blund]s & contradictions on ?is po9t1 end n "h4 ,dr4 ,blair happ5$ mo/ unle>n$ly to say1 ,:at is call$ splitt+ ( p>ticles1 or sep>at+ a preposition f ! n\n :i* x gov]ns1 is always to be avoid$4 ,z if ,i %\ld say1 ',?\gh virtue borr[s no assi/ance f1 yet x may (t5 be accompani$ by1 ! advantages ( =tune4'--,lect4 ,,xii1 p4 #aab4 ,?is too1 ?\gh ! au?or himself did n always respect ! rule1 has be5 ?\ght wor?y to be copi$1 or /ol51 ) all its faults6 ,see ,jamieson's ,rhetoric1 p4 #ic2 & ,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #cai4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,! n\n av]sion1 7t is1 a turn+ away17 z likewise ! adjective av]se1 seems to require ! preposition f aft] x2 & n s prop]ly to admit ( to1 or =1 :i* are (t5 us$ ) x4--,gram41 p4 #ih4 ,b ?is doctr9e has n be5 adopt$ by ! lat] gramm>ians3 ,! words av]se & av]sion 7says ,dr4 ,campbell7 are m prop]ly con/ru$ ) to ?an ) f4 ,! examples 9 fav\r ( ! latt] preposition1 are beyond comp>ison outnumb]$ by ^? 9 fav\r ( ! =m]4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bja2 ,fisk's1 #adb2 ,+]soll's1 #bbi4 ,?is h[ev] mu/ be und]/ood only ( m5tal av]sion4 ,! expression ( ,milton1 ,on ! coa/ av]se f entrance1 w\ld n be improv$1 if f 7 *ang$ to to4 ,s ! n\n exception1 & ! v]b to except1 are sometimes foll[$ by f1 :i* has reg>d to ! ,lat9 p>ticle ex1 ) :i* ! ^w comm5ces2 b ! n\n at lea/ is mu* m frequ5tly1 & p]haps m prop]ly1 foll[$ by to4 ,examples3 ,objects ( horror mu/ be except$ f ! =ego+ !ory4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bfh4 ,f :i* !re are b two exceptions1 bo? ( !m r>e4--,ib41 ii4 #hi4 ,to ! rule t fixes ! pause aft] ! fif? portion1 !re is "o exception1 & no m4--,ib41 ii1 #hd4 ,no exception c be tak5 to ! ju/ness ( ! figure4--,ib41 ii1 #cg4 ,orig9ally !re 0 no exception f ! rule4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,f ?is rule !re is mo/ly an exception4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bfi4 ,b to ?is rule !re are _m exceptions4--,ib41 i4 #bdj4 ,!y are n to be reg>d$ z exceptions f ! rule1--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cfc4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,aft] correct+ ! example4 ,he kn[s no?+ on ( x1 ,*ur*ill rem>ks1 ,!re seems to be a /range p]v]s5ess among ! ,london vulg> 9 p]petually sub/itut+ on = (1 & ( = on4--,new ,gram41 p4 #cde4 ,& among ! expressions :i* ,campbell c5sures "u ! "n ( vulg>ism1 are ! foll[+3 ',tis my humble reque/ y w be p>ticul> 9 speak+ to ! foll[+ po9ts4--,gu>dian1 ,no4 #eg4 ,! preposition ought to h be5 on4 ,precisely ( ! same /amp is ! on't = ( x1 s mu* us$ by "o class ( writ]s4--,philosophy ( ,rhet41 p4 #bag4 ,s f> z ,i h obs]v$1 ! use ( ( = on has nev] be5 frequ5t2 & t ( on = (1 or on't = ( x1 ?\gh x may nev] h be5 a polite cu/om1 is n[ a manife/ ar*aism1 or imitation ( anci5t usage4 ,& s my "y ,ma/]1 :atev] comes on't1 mu/ h a ,wife look'd out = him4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cgh4 ,9 ,saxon1 on 0 put = m ?an half a doz5 ( our pres5t prepositions4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ( & on or ^u1 appe>s 9 g5]al to be obvi\s en\gh2 & yet !re are "s phrases 9 :i* x is n easy to det]m9e :i* ( ^! words ought to be pref]r$3 z1 ,_m ?+s !y _c lay hold on at once4--,,hook]3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,uzzah put =? 8 h& to ! ark ( ,god1 & took hold ( x4--#b ,,sam43 ib4 ,r ?\ %\ld/ lay hold ^u him4--,,b5 ,,jonson3 ib4 ,let !m f9d c\rage to lay hold on ! occasion4--,,milton3 ib4 ,! h& is fitt$ to lay hold ( objects4--,,ray3 ib4 ,my s\l took hold on !e4--,,addison3 ib4 ,to lay hold ( ?is safe1 ?is only me?od ( cure4--,,att]bury3 ib4 ,& give =tune no m hold ( him4--,,dryd53 ib4 ,& 8 laws take ! sure/ hold ( u4--,,tillotson3 ib4 ,x w !n be impossible y c h any hold ^u him4--,,swift3 ib4 ,! c\rt ( ,rome gladly laid hold on all ! opportunities4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 p4 #aih4 ,!n did ! (fic] lay hold ( him & execute him4--,ib41 ii1 #bai4 ,:5 "o c lay hold ^u "s not$ fact4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #caa4 ,b :5 we w\ld lay firm hold ( !m4--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,an advantage :i* e "o is glad to lay hold (4--,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,to h laid fa/ hold ( x 9 8 m9d4--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,i w\ld advise !m to lay aside _! common-places1 & to ?9k closely ( _! subject4--,ib41 p4 #cag4 ,did !y n take hold ( y\r fa!rs8--,ze*41 i1 #f4 ,t5 m5 %all take hold ( ! skirt ( "o t is a ,jew4--,ib41 viii1 #bc4 ,x is wrong to say1 ei!r 'to lay hold ( a ?+1' or 'to take hold on x4'--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aja4 ,9 ! foll[+ c\plet1 on seems to h be5 pref]r$ only = a rhyme3 ,yet1 lo6 9 me :at au?ors h to brag on6 ,r$uc'd at la/ to hiss 9 my own dragon4--,pope4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,9 ! all[able uses ( prepositions1 !re may p]haps be "s room = *oice2 s t :at to ! m9d ( a critic may n appe> ! fitte/ ^w1 may yet be judg$ n positively ungrammatical4 ,9 ?is light ,i incl9e to view ! foll[+ examples3 ,hom]'s plan is /ill m defective1 ^u ano!r acc\nt4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bii4 ,say--on an o!r acc\nt4 ,x 0 almo/ eight ( ! clock be=e ,i c\ld leave t v>iety ( objects4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ded4 ,pres5t usage requires--eight o'clock4 ,! ,greek & ,lat9 writ]s _h a consid]able advantage above u4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aad4 ,! /udy ( oratory has ?is advantage above t ( poetry4--,ib41 p4 #cch4 ,a metaphor has frequ5tly an advantage above a =mal comp>ison4-- ,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aej4 ,?is use ( above seems to be a sort ( ,scotticism3 an ,engli%man1 ,i ?9k1 w\ld say--advantage ov] u1 c4 ,hundr$s h all ^! cr[d+ ^u !m f morn+ to night4-- ,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #cc4 ,bett]--f morn+ till night4 ,b ,horne ,tooke obs]ves1 ,we apply ,,to indiff]5tly to place or "t2 b ,,till to "t only1 & nev] to place4 ,?us we may say1 ',f morn ,,to night ?' et]nal l>um rang2' or1 ',f morn ,,till night4' c4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 i1 #bhd4 ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xxiii4 ,,note ,i4--,prepositions mu/ be *os5 & employ$ agreeably to ! usage & idiom ( ! language1 s z rightly to express ! relations int5d$4 ,example ( error3 ,by :i* we arrive to ! la/ division4--,ri*>d ,w4 ,gre5's ,gram41 p4 vii4 ,say1--arrive at4 ,,note ,,ii4--,^? prepositions :i* are p>ticul>ly adapt$ 9 mean+ to two objects1 or to m1 ought to be conf9$ /rictly to ! gov]nm5t ( su* t]ms only z suit !m4 ,example ( error3 ,:at is ,p]son8 ,x is ! m$ium ( di/9ction betwe5 ! speak]1 ! object address$ or spok5 to1 & ! object spok5 (4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,betwe5 ?ree is an incongruity2 & ! text "h cit$ is bad 9 sev]al o!r respects4 ,,note ,,iii4--,an ellipsis or omission ( ! preposition is inelegant1 except :]e long & g5]al use has sanction$ x1 & made ! relation suffici5tly intelligible4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ( is ne$$3 ,i w n flatt] y1 t all ,i see 9 y is wor?y love4-- ,%akspe>e4 ,! foll[+ requires f3 ,ridicule is bani%$ ,france1 & is los+ gr\nd 9 ,engl&4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #ajf4 ,,note ,,iv4--,! ins]tion ( a preposition is also inelegant1 :5 ! p>ticle is ne$less1 or :5 x only robs a transitive v]b ( its prop] regim52 z1 ,! p ( ,engl& may congratulate to !mselves4--,,dryd53 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #afc4 ,8 s]vants ye are1 to :om ye obey4--,rom41 vi1 #af4 ,,note ,v4--,! preposition & its object %\ld h t position 9 respect to o!r words1 :i* w r5d] ! s5t5ce ! mo/ p]spicu\s & agreeable4 ,examples ( error3 ,gratitude is a =cible & active pr9ciple 9 good & g5]\s m9ds4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #afi4 ,bett]3 ,9 good & g5]\s m9ds1 gratitude is a =cible & active pr9ciple4 ,by a s+le /roke1 he kn[s h[ to rea* ! he>t4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dci4 ,bett]3 ,he kn[s h[ to rea* ! he>t by a s+le /roke4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,rule ,,xxiii4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,*oice ,,( ,,prepositions4 ,y h be/[$ y\r fav\rs to ! mo/ des]v+ p]sons4--,swift1 on ,e4 ,tongue4 ,,=mule4--,n prop] because ! relation betwe5 h be/[$ & p]sons is n correctly express$ by ! preposition to4 ,b1 accord+ to ,note #a/ "u ,rule #bc;d1 ,prepositions mu/ be *os5 & employ$ agreeably to ! usage & idiom ( ! language1 s z rightly to express ! relations int5d$4 ,?is relation w\ld be bett] express$ by ^u2 ?us1 ,y h be/[$ y\r fav\rs ^u ! mo/ des]v+ p]sons4 ,b to rise beyond t1 & ov]top ! cr[d1 is giv5 to few4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cea4 ,?is also is a good s5t5ce1 & gives occasion to no mat]ial rem>k4--,ib41 p4 #bja4 ,?\gh ,cic]o endeav\rs to give "s reputation ( ! eld] ,cato1 & ^? :o 7 8 cotempor>ies4--,ib41 p4 #bde4 ,! *ange t 0 produc$ on eloqu5ce1 is beautifully describ$ 9 ! ,dialogue4--,ib41 p4 #bdi4 ,)\t c>efully att5d+ to ! v>iation :i* !y make ^u ! idea4--,ib41 p4 #cfg4 ,all ( a sudd51 y are transport$ into a l(ty palace4--,hazlitt's ,lect41 p4 #gj4 ,alike indep5d5t on "o ano!r4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cih4 ,y w n ?9k ( !m z di/9ct processes go+ on indep5d5tly on ea* o!r1--,*ann+'s ,self-,culture1 p4 #ae4 ,?\gh we say1 to dep5d on1 dep5d5t on1 & indep5d5t on1 we say1 indep5d5tly (4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cdh4 ,indep5d5tly on ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gh2 ,guy's1 #hh2 ,murray's1 i1 #ade & #ahd2 ,+]soll's1 #aej2 ,fro/'s1 #df2 ,fisk's1 #abe2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #aef2 ,g\ld's ,lat4 ,gram41 #bji2 ,nixon's ,p>s]1 #fe4 ,because !y /& indep5d5t on ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,fisk's ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,:5 a sub/antive is jo9$ ) a p>ticiple 9 ,engli% indep5d5tly 9 ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,adam's ,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 ,bo/on ,ed4 ( #ahjc1 p4 #bac2 ,albany ,ed4 ( #ahbj1 p4 #aff4 ,conjunction1 comes ( ! two ,lat9 words con1 toge!r1 & jungo1 to jo94--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,h[ diff]5t to ?is is ! life ( ,fulvia6--,addison's ,spect41 ,no4 #ae4 ,lov$ is a p>ticiple or adjective1 d]iv$ ( ! ^w love4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,b ,i w\ld inquire at him1 :at an (fice is8--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #dfc4 ,= ! capacity is br\ght unto action4--,ib41 iii1 #dbj4 ,9 ?is p]iod1 language & ta/e arrive to purity4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #id4 ,& %\ld y n aspire at di/9ction 9 ! republick ( lett]s4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,deliv]+ y up to ! synagogues1 & 9 prisons4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #ee4 ,"o t is kept f fall+ 9 a dit*1 is z truly sav$1 z he t is tak5 out ( "o4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #cab4 ,! be/ on x is1 !y are b a sort ( ,fr5* ,hugonots4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #fb4 ,^! la/ ,t5 ,examples are inde$ ( a diff]5t ,nature to ! =m]4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #ccc4 ,= ! initiation ( /ud5ts 9 ! pr9ciples ( ! ,engli% language4--,,annual ,,review3 ,murray's ,gram41 ii1 #bii4 ,ri*elieu pr(it$ ( e circum/ance :i* ! conjuncture af=d$1--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #agg4 ,9 ! names ( drugs & plants1 ! mi/ake 9 a ^w may endang] life4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #afe4 ,9 ord] to ! c>ry+ on its sev]al p>ts into execution4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aib4 ,8 abhorr5ce to ! sup]/iti\s figure4--,,hume3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #afd4 ,?y prejudice to my cause4--,,dryd53 ib41 p4 #afd4 ,:i* is f\nd among e species ( lib]ty4--,,hume3 ib41 p4 #afi4 ,9 a hilly region to ! nor? ( ,j]i*o4--,milman's ,jews1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #h4 ,two or m s+ul> n\ns1 c\pl$ ) ,,&1 require a v]b & pron\n 9 ! plural4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,books %\ld to "o ( ^! f\r ends conduce1 ,= wisdom1 piety1 delight1 or use4--,d5ham1 p4 #bci4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,two ,,objects ,,or ,,m4 ,! ,anglo-,saxons1 h[ev]1 soon qu>rell$ betwe5 !mselves = prec$5ce4--,con/able's ,miscellany1 xx1 p4 #ei4 ,! di/9ctions betwe5 ! pr9cipal p>ts ( spee* are f\nd$ 9 nature4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #g4 ,i ?9k ,i n[ und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! active1 passive1 & neut] v]bs4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,?us a figure includ+ a space betwe5 ?ree l9es1 is ! real z well z nom9al ess5ce ( a triangle4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #cjc4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 an imp]fect phrase1 a simple s5t5ce1 & a comp\nd s5t5ce4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aag2 ,murray's1 i1 #bfg2 ,+]soll's1 #bhj2 ,guy's1 #ig4 ,! ,jews are /rictly =bidd5 by _! law1 to ex]cise usury among "o ano!r4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #agg4 ,all ! writ]s h di/+ui%$ !mselves among "o ano!r4--,addison4 ,?is expression also bett] secures ! sy/ematic uni=mity betwe5 ! ?ree cases4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ih4 ,:5 a disjunctive occurs betwe5 two or m ,inf9itive ,modes1 or clauses1 ! v]b mu/ be s+ul>4-- ,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,sev]al n\ns or pron\ns toge!r 9 ! same case1 n unit$ by &1 require a comma betwe5 ea*4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aae4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! sev]al v[els is produc$ by op5+ ! m\? diff]5tly1 & plac+ ! tongue 9 a diff]5t mann] = ea*4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,?us feet compos$ ( syllables1 be+ pron\nc$ ) a s5sible int]val betwe5 ea*1 make a m lively impression ?an c be made by a cont9u$ s\nd4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cb4 ,! sup]lative degree implies a comp>ison betwe5 ?ree or m4--,smi?'s ,productive ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,!y are us$ to m>k a di/9ction betwe5 sev]al objects4--,levizac's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,omission ,,( ,,prepositions4 ,?is w\ld h be5 less wor?y notice4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aig4 ,b ,i pass$ x1 z a ?+ unwor?y my notice4--,w]t]4 ,:i*1 9 complim5t to me1 p]haps1 y may1 "o day1 ?9k wor?y y\r att5tion4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,to ?9k ?is small pres5t wor?y an introduction to ! "y ladies ( y\r v elegant e/abli%m5t4-- ,ib41 p4 iv4 ,!re are b a few miles portage4--,jeff]son's ,notes on ,virg9ia1 p4 #ag4 ,x is wor?y notice1 t our m\nta9s are n solit>y4--,ib41 p4 #bf4 ,x is ( ab\t "o hundr$ feet diamet]4-- ,ib41 #cc4 ,ent]+ a hill a qu>t] or half a mile4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,& h]self seems pass+ to t awful dissolution1 ^: issue is n giv5 human =esight to scan4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,x 0 ( a sph]oidical =m1 ( ab\t =ty feet diamet] at ! base1 & _h be5 ( ab\t twelve feet altitude4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,be=e ?is x 0 cov]$ ) trees ( twelve in*es diamet]1 & r\nd ! base 0 an excavation ( five feet dep? & wid?4--,ibid4 ,!n ?\ maye/ eat grapes ?y fill at ?9e own pleasure4--,deut41 xxiii1 #bd4 ,!n he br\ght me back ! way ( ! gate ( ! outw>d sanctu>y4--,ezekiel1 xliv1 #a4 ,!y w bless ,god t he has peopl$ "o half ! _w ) a race ( freem54--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #id4 ,:at use c ^! words be1 till _! mean+ is kn[n8--,t[n's ,analysis1 p4 #g4 ,! t5ts ( ! ,arabs n[ are black1 or a v d>k col\r4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #bfe4 ,!y may n be unwor?y ! att5tion ( "y m54--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aeg4 ,! pron\n t is frequ5tly appli$ to p]sons1 z well z ?+s4-- ,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,& :o is 9 ! same case t man is4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,he saw a flam+ /one1 app>5tly ab\t f\r feet diamet]4--,! ,fri5d1 vii1 #dji4 ,pl9y in=ms u1 t ?is /one 0 ! size ( a c>t4--,ibid4 ,s5eca 0 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ( age 9 ! fif? ye> ( ,tib]ius1 :5 ! ,jews 7 expell$ ,rome4--,s5eca's ,morals1 p4 #aa4 ,i 0 prev5t$#dch read+ a lett] :i* w\ld h undeceiv$ me4--,hawkeswor?1 ,adv41 ,no4 #ed4 ,if ! problem c be solv$1 we may be p>don$ ! inaccuracy ( its demon/ration4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #be4 ,! army mu/ ( necessity be ! s*ool1 n ( hon\r1 b effem9acy4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 i4 #fe4 ,afraid ( ! virtue ( a nation1 9 its oppos+ bad measures4--,ib41 i1 #gc4 ,! unit+ !m 9 v>i\s ways1 s z to =m words1 w\ld be easy4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #cd4 ,i might be excus$ tak+ any m notice ( x4--,watson's ,apology1 p4 #fe4 ,wat* !re=e2 = ye "k n :at h\r y\r ,"l do? come4--,matt41 xxiv1 #db4 ,"h1 n ev5 infants 7 sp>$ ! sword4--,m',ilva9e's ,lectures1 p4 #cac4 ,to prev5t m5 turn+ aside to corrupt modes ( wor%ip4--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 ,b4 ,i1 ,*4 #ab1 ,sec4 #a4 ,god expell$ !m ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed54--,burd]'s ,hi/41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aj4 ,nor c\ld he refra9 express+ to ! s5ate ! agonies ( 8 m9d--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #abc4 ,:o n[ s /r5u\sly opposes ! grant+ him any new p[]s4--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #abg4 ,t ! laws ( ! c5sors h bani%$ him ! =um4--,ib41 p4 #adj4 ,we read n t he 0 degrad$ 8 (fice any o!r way4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #adi4 ,to all :om ^! pres5ts %all come1 ,greet+4--,hut*9son's ,mass41 i1 #dei4 ,on ! #a/1 ,augu/1 #ahcd4--;,briti% ,act = ! ,abolition ( ,slav]y4 ,:e!r y _h n "s "t 9 y\r life ,err'd 9 ?is po9t :i* n[ y c5sure him4--,%ak4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,ne$less ,,prepositions4 ,& ! apo/les & eld]s came toge!r to consid] ( ?is matt]4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dha4 ,& ! apo/les & eld]s came toge!r = to consid] ( ?is matt]4--,acts1 xv1 #f4 ,adjectives 9 our ,language h nei!r ,case1 ,g5d]1 nor ,numb]2 ! only ,v>iation !y h is by ,comp>ison4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ',x is to y1 t ,i am indebt$ = ?is privilege2' t is1 'to y am ,i indebt$2' or1 ',x is to y to :om ,i am indebt$4'--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bcb4 ,books is a n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 ( neut] g5d]1-- ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,bro!r's is a common sub/antive1 ( ! mascul9e g5d]1 ! ?ird p]son1 ! s+ul> numb]1 & 9 ! possessive case4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bbi4 ,virtue's is a common sub/antive1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 ! s+ul> numb]1 & 9 ! possessive case4--,ib41 i1 #bbh4 ,:5 ! au?orities on "o side greatly prepond]ate1 x is 9 va9 to oppose ! prevail+ usage4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #agc2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cfg4 ,a capta9 ( a troop ( b&itti1 _h a m9d to be plund]+ ( ,rome4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ea4 ,&1 not)/&+ ( its ,v]bal p[]1 we h add$ ! to & o!r signs ( ex]tion4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #bh4 ,"s ( ^! situations are t]m$ ,,cases1 & are express$ by additions to ! ,n\n in/ead ( by sep>ate words4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,is x su* a fa/ t ,i h *os51 t a man %\ld afflict 8 s\l = a day1 & to b[ d[n 8 head l a bulru%8--,bacon's ,wisdom1 p4 #fe4 ,& ?is fir/ emotion comes at la/ to be awak5$ by ! accid5tal1 in/ead (1 by ! necess>y antec$5t4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #ag4 ,at ab\t ! same "t1 ! subjugation ( ! ,moors 0 complet$4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #bfi4 ,god divid$ betwe5 ! light & betwe5 ! d>kness4-- ,burd]'s ,hi/41 i1 #a4 ,not)/&+ ( ?is1 we are n aga9/ outw>d significations ( hon\r4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #bdb4 ,:e!r ^! words & practices ( ,job's fri5ds1 be = to be our rule4--,ib41 i1 #bdc4 ,su* v]b _c admit ( an objective case aft] x4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,= :i* ,god is n[ visibly puni%+ ( ^! ,nations4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 ,9 ?is respect1 ,tasso yields to no poet1 except to ,hom]4--,blair's ,rhet41 ,not)/&+ ( ! num]\s panegyrics on ! anci5t ,engli% lib]ty4--,,hume3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 ,_! ef=ts seem$ to anticipate on ! _s1 :i* became s g5]al aft]w>ds4--,id41 ib41 p4 #afg4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,! ,,plac+ ,,( ,,! ,,words4 ,b h[ %ort are my expressions ( its excell5cy6--,baxt]4 ,!re is a rem>kable union 9 8 /yle1 ( h>mony ) ease4--,blair's ,rhet41 ,x disposes 9 ! mo/ artificial mann]1 ( ! light & %ade1 = view+ e ?+ to ! be/ advantage4--,ari/otle too holds an em95t rank among didactic writ]s = 8 brevity4--,9 an introduction1 correctness %\ld be c>efully /udi$ 9 ! expression4--,precision is to be /udi$1 above all ?+s 9 lay+ d[n a me?od4--,:i* %all make ! impression on ! m9d ( some?+ t is "o1 :ole & entire4--,at ! same "t1 !re are "s defects :i* mu/ be ackn[l$g$ 9 ! ,odyssey4--,beauties1 h[ev]1 !re are1 9 ! conclud+ books1 ( ! tragic k9d4--,^! =ms ( conv]sation by degrees multipli$ & grew tr\blesome4--,spectator1 ,no4 #aai4 ,:5 %e has made h] own *oice1 = =m's sake1 %e s5ds a cong-d'-lire to h] fri5ds4--,let u endeav\r to e/abli% to ourselves an int]e/ 9 him :o holds ! re9s ( ! :ole creation 9 8 h&4--,let u endeav\r to e/abli% to ourselves an int]e/ 9 him1 :o1 9 8 h&1 holds ! re9s ( ! :ole creation4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ec4 ,! mo/ frequ5t measure next to ?is 9 ,engli% poetry is t ( eight syllables4--,blair's ,gram41 ,to introduce z great a v>iety z possible ( cad5ces4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 ,he address$ sev]al exhortations to !m suitable to _! circum/ances4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 ,habits mu/ be acquir$ ( temp]ance & self-d5ial4--,9 r$uc+ ! rules prescrib$ to practice4--,murray's ,gram41 ,b ^! p>ts mu/ be s closely b\nd toge!r z to make ! impression ^u ! m9d1 ( "o object1 n ( _m4--,blair's ,rhet41 ,errors are sometimes committ$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ writ]1 ) respect to ! use ( %all & w--,butl]'s ,pract4 ,gram41 ,,*apt] ,,xi--,,int]jections4 ,int]jections1 be+ seldom any ?+ m ?an natural s\nds or %ort words utt]$ indep5d5tly1 c h>dly be said to h any syntax2 b s9ce "s rule is necess>y to %[ ! le>n] h[ to dispose ( !m 9 p>s+1 a brief axiom = t purpose1 is "h add$1 :i* completes our s]ies ( rules3 &1 aft] sev]al rem>ks on ?is canon1 & on ! common treatm5t ( ,int]jections1 ?is *apt] is made to embrace ,ex]cises ^u all ! o!r p>ts ( spee*1 t ! *apt]s 9 ! ,key may correspond to ^? ( ! ,gramm>4 ,,rule ,,xxiv4--,,int]jections4 ,int]jections h no dep5d5t con/ruction2 !y are put absolute1 ei!r alone1 or ) o!r words3 z1 ,o6 let n ?y he>t despise me4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,o cruel ?\6--,pope1 ,odys41 ,b4 xii1 l4 #ccc4 ,ah wret*$ we1 poets ( e>?6--,c[ley1 ,ah ,d5nis6 ,gildon ah6 :at ill-/>r'd rage ,divides a fri5d%ip long confirm'd by age8 ,pope1 ,dunciad1 ,b4 iii1 ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,rule ,,xxiv4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ?is rule1 !re are prop]ly no exceptions4 ,?\gh int]jections are sometimes utt]$ 9 close connexion ) o!r words1 yet1 be+ m]e signs ( passion or ( feel+1 !y seem n to h any /rict grammatical relation1 or dep5d5ce accord+ to ! s5se4 ,be+ de/itute alike ( relation1 agreem5t1 & gov]nm5t1 !y mu/ be us$ indep5d5tly1 if us$ at all4 ,yet an emotion signifi$ 9 ?is mann]1 n be+ causeless1 may be accompani$ by "s object1 express$ ei!r by a nom9ative absolute1 or by an adjective aft] =3 z1 ,alas6 poor ,yorick6--,%ak4 ,"h ! grief d5ot$ by alas1 is c]ta9ly = ,yorick2 z mu* s1 z if ! expression 71 ,alas = poor ,yorick6 ,b1 9 ei!r case1 alas1 ,i ?9k1 has no dep5d5t con/ruction2 nei!r has ,yorick1 9 ! =m]1 unless we suppose an ellipsis ( "s gov]n+ ^w4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! int]jection ,o is common to _m languages1 & is frequ5tly utt]$1 9 tok5 ( e>ne/ness1 be=e n\ns or pron\ns put absolute by direct address2 z1 ,arise1 ,o ,"l2 ,o ,god1 lift up ?9e h&4--,psalms1 x1 #ab4 ,o ye ( little fai?6--,matt41 vi1 #cj4 ,! ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>ians1 !re=e1 made ?is int]jection ! sign ( ! vocative case2 :i* case is ! same z ! nom9ative put absolute by address 9 ,engli%4 ,b ?is p>ticle is no positive index ( ! vocative2 because an indep5d5t address may be made )\t t sign1 & ! ,o may be us$ :]e !re is no address3 z1 ,o sc&al\s want6 ,o %ameful omission6--,pray1 ,sir1 don't be uneasy4--,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #hf4 ,,obs4 #c4--,"s gramm>ians ascribe to two or ?ree ( our int]jections ! p[] ( gov]n+ sometimes ! nom9ative case1 & sometimes ! objective4 ,fir/1 ,,nixon2 9 an ex]cise entitl$1 ,,nom9ative ,,gov]n$ ,,by ,,an ,,int]jection1 ?us3 ,! int]jections ,o6 ,oh6 & ,ah6 require aft] !m ! nom9ative case ( a sub/antive 9 ! second p]son2 z1 ',o ?\ p]secutor6'--',o ,alex&]6 ?\ ha/ sla9 ?y fri5d4' ,o is an int]jection1 gov]n+ ! nom9ative case ,alex&]4--,engli% ,p>s]1 ,aga91 "u ! title1 ,,objective ,,case ,,gov]n$ ,,by ,,an ,,int]jection1 he says3 ,! int]jections ,o6 ,oh6 & ,ah6 require aft] !m ! objective case ( a sub/antive 9 ! fir/ or ?ird p]son2 z1 ',oh me6' ',oh ! humiliations6' ,oh is an int]jection1 gov]n+ ! objective case humiliations4--,^! two rules are 9 fact contradictory1 :ile ea* ( !m absurdly sugge/s t ,o1 oh1 & ah1 are us$ only ) n\ns4 ,s ,j4 ,m4 ,,putnam3 ,int]jections sometimes gov]n an objective case2 z1 ,ah me6 ,o ! t5d] ties6 ,o ! s(t enmity6 ,o me mis]able6 ,o wret*$ pr9ce6 ,o cruel rev]se ( =tune6 ,:5 an address is made1 ! int]jection does n p]=m ! (fice ( gov]nm5t4--,putnam's ,gram41 ,s ,,kirkham2 :o1 "u a rule q diff]5t f ^!1 ext5ds ! doctr9e ( gov]nm5t to all int]jections3 ,accord+ to ! g5ius ( ! ,engli% language1 transitive v]bs & prepositions require ! objective case ( a n\n or pron\n aft] !m2 & ?is requisition is all t is meant by gov]nm5t1 :5 we say t ^! p>ts ( spee* gov]n ! objective case4 ,,! ,,same ,,pr9ciple ,,applies ,,to ,,! ,,int]jection4 ',int]jections require ! objective case ( a pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son aft] !m2 b ! nom9ative ( a n\n or pron\n ( ! second or ?ird p]son2 z1 ,ah me6 ,oh ?\6 ,o my c\ntry6' ,to say1 !n1 t int]jections require p>ticul> cases aft] !m1 is synonym\s ) say+1 t !y gov]n ^? cases2 & ?is (fice ( ! int]jection is 9 p]fect accordance ) t :i* x p]=ms 9 ! ,lat91 & _m o!r languages4--,kirkham's ,gram41 ,accord+ to ?is1 e int]jection has z mu* ne$ ( an object aft] x1 z has a transitive v]b or a preposition6 ,! rule has1 c]ta9ly1 no accordance ) :at occurs 9 ,lat91 or 9 any o!r language2 x is :olly a fabrication1 ?\gh f\nd1 9 "s %ape or o!r1 9 well-nigh all ,engli% gramm>s4 ,,obs4 #d4--,l4 ,,murray',s doctr9e on ?is po9t is ?us express$3 ,! int]jections ,o6 ,oh6 & ,ah6 require ! objective case ( a pron\n 9 ! fir/ p]son aft] !m1 z1 ',o me6 oh me6 ,ah me6' ,b ! nom9ative case 9 ! second p]son3 z1 ',o ?\ p]secutor6' ',oh ye hypocrites6' ',o ?\1 :o dwelle/1' c4--,octavo ,gram41 ,,+]soll copies ?is mo/ faulty note lit]ally1 add+ ^! words to its abrupt end1--i4 e41 to its inexplicable c4 us$ by ,murray2 because ! fir/ p]son is gov]n$ by a preposition und]/ood3 z1 ',ah = me6' or1 ',o :at w become ( me6' c41 & ! second p]son is 9 ! nom9ative indep5d5t1 !re be+ a direct address4--,conv]sations on ,e4 ,gram41 ,s we see t ?is gramm>ian & ,kirkham1 bo? modifi]s ( ,murray1 und]/& _! ma/]'s false v]b require v diff]5tly4 ,,l5nie too1 9 r5\nc+ a "p ( ,murray's d\ble or ?reefold error1 ,oh6 happy u6 =1 ,o happy we6 tea*es ?us3 ,int]jections sometimes require ! objective case aft] !m1 b !y nev] gov]n x4 ,9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is gramm>1 says he1 ,i foll[$ ,mr4 ,murray & o!rs1 9 leav+ we1 9 ! ex]cises to be turn$ into u2 b t x %\ld be we1 & n u1 is obvi\s2 because x is ! nom9ative to are und]/ood2 ?us1 ,oh happy are we1 or1 ,oh we are happy1 7be+7 surr\nd$ ) s _m bless+s4--,l5nie's ,gram41 ,fif? ,edition1 ,twelf?1 ,"h is an o!r solution ( ! con/ruction ( ?is pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son1 contradictory alike to ,+]soll's1 to ,kirkham's1 & to ,murray's2 :ile all are wrong1 & ?is among ! re/4 ,! ^w %\ld inde$ be we1 & n u2 because we h bo? analogy & good au?ority = ! =m] case1 & no?+ b ! false conceit ( sundry grammati/s = ! latt]4 ,b x is a nom9ative absolute1 l any o!r nom9ative :i* we use 9 ! same exclamatory mann]4 ,= ! fir/ p]son may j z well be put 9 ! nom9ative absolute1 by exclamation1 z any o!r2 z1 ,behold ,i & ! *ildr5 :om ,god ha? giv5 me6--,heb41 ,ecce ego et pu]i quos mihi d$it ,deus6--,beza4 ,o brave we6--,dr4 ,johnson1 (t54 ,s ,horace3 ,o ego lvus1 c4--,ep4 ad ,pi41 #cja4 ,ah6 luckless ,i6 :o purge 9 spr+ my sple5-- ,else sure ! fir/ ( b>ds _h ,horace be54 --,francis's ,hor41 ii1 #bji4 ,,obs4 #e4--,:e!r ,murray's rem>k above1 on ,o6 ,oh6 & ,ah6 0 orig9ally design$ = a rule ( gov]nm5t or n1 x is h>dly wor? any "o's :ile to inquire4 ,x is too lame & inaccurate e way1 to des]ve any notice1 b t :i* %\ld s]ve to explode x =ev]4 ,yet no few1 :o h s9ce made ,engli% gramm>s1 h copi$ ! text lit]ally2 z !y h1 = ! public b5efit1 /ol5 a ?\s& o!r errors f ! same qu>t]4 ,! read] w f9d x1 ) little or no *ange1 9 ,smi?'s ,new ,gramm>1 p4 #if & #acd2 ,alg]'s1 #ef2 ,all5's1 #aag2 ,russell's1 #ib2 ,blair's1 #ajj1 ,guy's1 #hi2 ,abel ,fl9t's1 #ei2 ,a ,tea*]'s1 #dc1 ,picket's1 #baj2 ,coop]'s#dci ,murray1 #acf2 ,wilcox's1 #ie2 ,bucke's1 #hg2 ,emmons's1 #gg2 & probably 9 o!rs4 ,l5nie v>ies x indef9itely1 ?us3 ,,rule4 ,! int]jections ,oh6 & ,ah6 c4 g5]ally require ! objective case ( ! fir/ p]sonal pron\n1 & ! nom9ative ( ! second2 z1 ,ah me6 ,o ?\ fool6 ,o ye hypocrites6--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #aaj2 ,brace's1 #hh4 ,m',cullo*1 aft] ,crombie1 ?us3 ,,rule ,,xx4 ,int]jections are jo9$ ) ! objective case ( ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son1 & ) ! nom9ative ( ! pron\n ( ! second2 z1 ,ah me6 ,o ye hypocrites4--,manual ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ade2 & ,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #cae2 also ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,language1 p4 #efc4 ,hiley makes x a note1 ?us3 ,! int]jections4 ,o6 ,oh6 ,ah6 are foll[$ by ! objective case ( a pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son2 z1 ',oh me6' ',ah me6' b by ! nom9ative case ( ! pron\n 9 ! second p]son2 z1 ',o ?\ :o dwelle/4' --,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,?is is :at ! same au?or else:]e calls ,,! ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,int]jections2 ?\gh1 l "s o!rs1 he _h set x 9 ! ,syntax ( ,,pron\ns4 ,see ,ib41 p4 #ajh4 ,murray1 9 =m+ 8 own little ,abridgm5t1 omitt$ x altoge!r4 ,9 8 o!r gramm>s1 x is /ill a m]e note1 /&+ :]e he at fir/ absurdly put x1 "u 8 rule = ! agreem5t ( pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts4 ,by _m ( 8 sage am5d]s1 x has be5 plac$ 9 ! catalogue ( pr9cipal rules4 ,b1 t x is no adequate rule = int]jections1 is manife/2 =1 9 its usual =m1 x is limit$ to ?ree1 & none ( ^! c ev]1 ) any propriety1 be p>s$ by x4 ,murray himself has n us$ x 9 any ( 8 =ms ( p>s+4 ,he conceiv$1 7z ,i h9t$ be=e 9 ,*apt] #a/17 t1 ,! syntax ( ! ,int]jection is ( s v limit$ a nature1 t x does n require a di/9ct1 appropriate rule4--,octavo ,gram41 i4 #bbd4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,aga9/ ?is rem>k ( ,murray's1 a good argum5t may be drawn f ! ridicul\s use :i* has be5 made ( 8 own sugge/ion 9 ! o!r place4 ,=1 ?\gh t sugge/ion nev] _h 9 x ! lea/ %ad[ ( tru?1 & 0 nev] at all applicable ei!r to ! ?ree int]jections1 or to pron\ns1 or to cases1 or to ! p]sons1 or to any ?+ else ( :i* x speaks1 x has n only be5 (t5 copi$ lit]ally1 & call$ a ,,rule ( syntax1 b _m h1 yet m absurdly1 made x a g5]al canon :i* imposes on all int]jections a syntax t belongs to none ( !m4 ,= example3 ,an int]jection mu/ be foll[$ by ! objective case ( a pron\n 9 ! fir/ p]son2 & by a nom9ative ( ! second p]son2 z--,oh me6 ah me6 oh ?\6 ,,ah hail1 ye happy m56--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,?is is z mu* z to say1 t e int]jection mu/ h a pron\n or two aft] x6 ,aga93 ,int]jections mu/ be foll[$ by ! objective case ( ! pron\n 9 ! fir/ p]son2 z1 ,o me6 ,ah me6 & by ! nom9ative case ( ! second p]son2 z1 ,o ?\ p]secutor6 ,oh ye hypocrites6--,m]*ant's ,murray1 p4 #hj2 ,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,i imag9e !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ,o & oh1#ddj & t ?is au?or1 z well z ,murray1 9 ! fir/ & ! la/ ( ^! examples1 has misappli$ !m bo?4 ,aga93 ,int]jections require ! objective case ( a pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son1 & ! nom9ative case ( ! second2 z1 ,ah me6 ,o ?\--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,?is1 too1 is g5]al1 b equivocal2 z if "o case or bo? 7 necess>y to ea* int]jection6 ,,obs4 #g4--,( n\ns1 or ( ! ?ird p]son1 ! ?ree rules la/ cit$ say no?+2#dda ?\gh x appe>s f o!r evid5ce1 t _! au?ors suppos$ !m applicable at lea/ to "s n\ns ( ! second p]son4 ,! supposition h[ev] 0 q ne$less1 because ea* ( _! gramm>s conta9s an o!r ,rule1 t1 ,:5 an address is made1 ! n\n or pron\n is 9 ! nom9ative case indep5d5t2 :i*1 by ! by1 is f> f be+ univ]sally true1 ei!r ( ! n\n or ( ! pron\n4 ,russell imag9es1 ,! words dep5d+ ^u int]jections1 h s ne> a resemblance to ^? 9 a direct address1 t !y may v prop]ly be class$ "u ! same g5]al head1 & be p>s$ z be+1 9 ! nom9ative case indep5d5t4 ,see 8 ,abridgm5t ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 p4 #ia4 ,he does n p]ceive t dep5d+ & indep5d5t are words t contradict ea* o!r4 ,into ! same inconsi/5cy1 d ne>ly all ^? g5tlem5 fall1 :o ascribe to int]jections a control ov] cases4 ,ev5 ,kirkham1 :o s e>ne/ly cont5ds t :at any words require aft] !m !y mu/ necess>ily gov]n1 =gets 8 :ole argum5t1 or ju/ly disbelieves x1 :5ev] he p>ses any n\n t is utt]$ ) an int]jection4 ,9 %ort1 he applies 8 pr9ciple to no?+ b ! ^w me 9 ! phrases1 ,ah me6 ,oh me6 & ,me mis]able6 & ev5 ^! he p>ses falsely4 ,! second p]son us$ 9 ! vocative1 or ! nom9ative put absolute by direct address1 :e!r an int]jection be us$ or n1 he rightly expla9s z be+ 9 ! nom9ative case indep5d5t2 z1 ,o ,j]usalem1 ,j]usalem6--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ,o maid ( ,ini/ore6--,ib41 p4 #aca4 ,b he is wrong 9 say+ t1 ,:5ev] a n\n is ( ! second p]son1 x is 9 ! nom9ative case indep5d5t2 7,ib41 p4 #acj27 & /ill m s1 9 suppos+ t1 ,! pr9ciple conta9$ 9 ! note :i* tells :at int]jections require1 proves t e n\n ( ! second p]son is 9 ! nom9ative case4--,ib41 p4 #afd4 ,a falsehood proves no?+ b ! ignorance or ! wick$ness ( him :o utt]s x4 ,he is wrong too1 z well z _m o!rs1 9 suppos+ t ?is nom9ative indep5d5t is n a nom9ative absolute2 =1 ,! vocative is g5]ally1 if n always1 absolute4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,b t n\ns ( ! second p]son are n always absolute or indep5d5t1 nor always 9 ! nom9ative case1 or ! vocative1 appe>s1 ,i ?9k1 by ! foll[+ example3 ,?is is ! /one :i* 0 set at n\ght ( y build]s4--,acts1 iv1 ,,ii4 ,see ,obs4 #c;d on ,rule #h?4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! ?ird p]son1 :5 utt]$ 9 exclamation1 ) an int]jection be=e x1 is p>s$ by ,kirkham1 n z be+ gov]n$ by ! int]jection1 ei!r 9 ! nom9ative case1 accord+ to 8 own argum5t & own rule above cit$1 or 9 ! objective1 accord+ to ,nixon's notion ( ! con/ruction2 nor yet z be+ put absolute 9 ! nom9ative1 z ,i believe x g5]ally1 if n always is2 b z be+ ! nom9ative to a v]b und]/ood2 z1 ',lo1' !re is '! poor ,indian6' '#j1 ! pa9' !re is6 '! bliss' !re is ',,9 dy+6'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #abi4 ,pope's text is1 ,oh ! pa91 ! bliss ( dy+6 &1 9 all t is "h *ang$1 ! gramm>ian has p]v]t$ x1 if n 9 all t he has add$4 ,x is an o!r pr9ciple ( ,kirkham's ,gramm>1 ?\gh a false "o1 t1 ,n\ns h b two p]sons1 ! second & ! ?ird4--,p4 #cg4 ,s t1 ^! two be+ dispos$ ( agreeably to 8 own me?ods above1 :i* appe> to include ! second & ?ird p]sons ( pron\ns also1 !re rema9s to him no?+ b ! objective ( ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son to :i* he c suppose 8 o!r rule to apply2 & ,i h %[n t !re is no tru? 9 x1 ev5 9 reg>d to ?is4 ,yet1 ) ! /ronge/ pr(essions ( adh]+ to ! pr9ciples1 & ev5 to ! language ( ,l9dley ,murray1 ?is g5tleman1 by copy+ somebody else 9 pref]5ce to t em95t philologi/1 has made himself "o ( ^? by :om ,murray's errone\s rem>k on ,o1 oh1 & ah1 ) pron\ns ( ! fir/ & second p]sons1 is n only /ret*$ into a rule = all int]jections1 b made to include n\ns ( ! second p]son1 & bo? n\ns & pron\ns ( ! ?ird p]son3 z1 ,int]jections require ! objective case ( a pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son aft] !m1 b ! nom9ative ( a n\n or pron\n ( ! second or ?ird p]son2 z1 ',ah6 me2 ,oh6 ?\2 ,o6 virtue6'--,kirkham's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #acd2 ,/]eotype ,ed41 p4 #agg4 ,see ! same rule1 ) examples & punctuation diff]5t1 9 8 ,/]eotype ,edition1 p4 #afd2 ,comly's ,gram41 #aaf2 ,gre5leaf's1 #cf2 & ,fisk's1 #add4 ,all ^! au?ors1 except ,comly1 :o comes mu* ne>e/ to ! ?+1 pr(ess to pres5t to u ,murray's ,gramm> ,simplifi$2 & ?is is a sample ( _! "w ( simplification6--an ignorant pil+ ( errors on errors6 ,o imitatores s]vum pecus6 ut mihi spe ,bilem1 spe jocum ve/ri movre tumultus6--,horace4 ,,obs4 #i4--,s9ce s _m ( our gramm>ians conceive t int]jections require or gov]n cases1 x may be prop] to cite "s :o tea* o!rwise4 ,int]jections1 9 ,engli%1 h no gov]nm5t4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,int]jections h no gov]nm5t1 or admit ( no con/ruction4--,co>'s ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 ,int]jections h no connexion ) o!r ^w's4--,full]'s ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,! int]jection1 9 a grammatical s5se1 is totally unconnect$ ) e o!r ^w 9 a s5t5ce4 ,its arrangem5t1 ( c\rse1 is altoge!r arbitr>y1 & _c admit ( any !ory4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #hc4 ,int]jections _c prop]ly h ei!r concord or gov]nm5t4 ,!y are only m]e s\nds excit$ by passion1 & h no j connexion ) any o!r "p ( a s5t5ce4 ,:atev] case1 !re=e1 is jo9$ ) !m1 mu/ dep5d on "s o!r ^w und]/ood1 except ! vocative1 :i* is always plac$ absolutely4--,adam's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #aif2 ,g\ld's1 #aic4 ,if ?is is true ( ! ,lat9 language1 a slight v>iation w make x z true ( ours4 ,int]jections1 & phrases resembl+ !m1 are tak5 absolutely2 z1 ,oh1 _w1 ?y slipp]y turns6 ,b ! phrases ,oh me6 & ,ah me6 frequ5tly occur4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,?is passage is1 9 sev]al respects1 wrong2 yet ! lead+ idea is true4 ,! au?or entitles x1 ,,syntax ,,( ,,int]jections1 yet absurdly includes 9 x ,i "k n :at phrases6 ,9 ! phrase1 ?y slipp]y turns6 no ^w is absolute1 or tak5 absolutely b ?is n\n turns2 & ?is1 )\t ! lea/ h9t ( its case1 ! le>n$ au?or w h u to und]/& to be absolute1 because ! phrase resembles an int]jection6 ,b ! n\n _w :i* is also absolute1 & :i* /ill m resembles an int]jection1 he w h to be s = a diff]5t reason--because x is 9 :at he *ooses to call ! vocative case4 ,b1 accord+ to cu/om1 he %\ld r h put 8 int]jection absolute ) ! n\n1 & writt5 x1 ,o _w1 & n1 ,oh1 _w4 ,:at he meant to d ) ,oh me6 & ,ah me6 is d\btful4 ,if any phrases come fairly "u 8 rule1 ^! are ! v ones2 & yet he seems to introduce !m z exceptions6 ,( ^!1 x c h>dly be said1 t !y frequ5tly occur4 ,l[? notices only ! latt]1 :i* he supposes elliptical4 ,! =m] ,i d n rememb] to h met ) m ?an ?ree or f\r times2 except 9 gramm>s1 :i* 9 ?is case are h>dly to be call$ au?orities3 ,oh6 me1 h[ f>$ x ) me !n8--,job ,scott4 ,oh me6 all ! horse h got ov] ! riv]1 :at %all we d8--,,walton3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,b :5 he 0 fir/ se51 oh me6 ,:at %riek+ & :at mis]y6--,wordswor?'s ,works1 p4 #aad4 ,,obs4 #aj4--,:5 a decl9able ^w n 9 ! nom9ative absolute1 foll[s an int]jection1 z "p ( an imp]fect exclamation1 its con/ruction 7if ! phrase be good ,engli%7 dep5ds on some?+ und]/ood2 z1 ,ah me6--t is1 ,ah6 pity me2 or1 ,ah6 x grieves me2 or1 z "s w h x1 7because ! expression 9 ,lat9 is ,hei mihi67 ,ah = me6--,+]soll4 ,ah6 wo is to me4--,l[?4 ,ah6 sorr[ is to me4--,co>4 ,s ( oh me6 =1 9 ^! expressions1 if n g5]ally1 oh & ah are exactly equival5t ! "o to ! o!r4 ,z = ,o me x is n[ seldom met )1 ?\gh ,%akspe>e has x a few times4 ,f ^! examples1 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce errone\sly imag9es ! indep5d5t case ( ! pron\n ,i to be me1 & accord+ly p>ses ! ^w )\t suppos+ an ellipsis2 b 9 ! plural he makes t case to be we1 & n u4 ,s1 hav+ f\nd an example ( ,ah ,him6 :i*1 accord+ to "o half ( our gramm>ians1 is bad ,engli%1 he conceives ! indep5d5t case ( he to be him2 b 9 ! plural1 & 9 bo? numb]s ( ! words ?\ & %e1 he makes x ! nom9ative1 or ! same 9 =m z ! nom9ative4 ,s builds he ! temple ( ,grammatical consi/5cy6--,p4 #g4 ,nixon & ,coop] mu/ ( c\rse approve ( ,ah him6 because !y assume t ! int]jection ah requires or gov]ns ! objective case ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,o!rs mu/ condemn ! expression1 because !y tea* t ah requires ! nom9ative case ( ?is p]son4 ,?us ,gre5leaf sets d[n = false syntax1 ,o6 happy !m1 surr\nd$ ) s _m bless+s6--,gram4 ,simplifi$1 p4 #dg4 ,"h1 und\bt$ly1 ! ^w %\ld be !y2 &1 by analogy1 7if inde$ ! in/ances are analog\s17 x w\ld seem m prop] to say1 ,ah he6 ! nom9ative be+ our only case absolute4 ,b if any w insi/ t ,ah him6 is good ,engli%1 !y mu/ suppose t him is gov]n$ by some?+ und]/ood2 z1 ,ah6 ,i lam5t him2 or1 ,ah6 ,i m\rn = him4 ,& possibly1 on ?is pr9ciple1 ! example ref]r$ to may be mo/ correct z x /&s1 ) ! pron\n 9 ! objective case3 ,ah ,him6 ! fir/ great m>tyr 9 ?is great cause4--,d4 ,,web/]3 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #aii4 ,,obs4 #aa4--;,if we turn to ! ,lat9 syntax1 to det]m9e by analogy :at case is us$1 or ought to be us$1 aft] our ,engli% int]jections1 9 /ead ( f9d+ a p]fect accordance betwe5 t syntax & ! rule = :i* su* accordance has be5 claim$1 we see at once an utt] repugnance1 & t ! pret5ce ( _! agreem5t is only a sample ( ,kirkham's unconscionable p$antry4 ,! rule1 9 all its modifications1 is bas$ on ! pr9ciple1 t ! *oice ( cases dep5ds on ! di/9ction ( p]sons--a pr9ciple pla9ly contr>y to ! usage ( ! ,lat9 classics1 & altoge!r untrue4 ,9 ,lat91 "s int]jections are con/ru$ ) ! nom9ative1 ! accusative1 or ! vocative2 "s1 only ) ! dative2 "s1 only ) ! vocative4 ,b1 9 ,engli%1 ^! f\r cases are all includ$ 9 two1 ! nom9ative & ! objective2 &1 ! case indep5d5t or absolute be+ necess>ily ! nom9ative1 x foll[s t ! objective1 if x occur aft] an int]jection1 mu/ be ! object ( some?+ :i* is capable ( gov]n+ x4 ,if any disputant1 by suppos+ ellipses1 w make objectives ( :at ,i call nom9atives absolute1 s be x2 b ,i insi/ t int]jections1 9 fact1 nev] require or gov]n "o case m ?an an o!r4 ,s ,peirce1 & ,kirkham1 & ,+]soll1 ) po9t$ self-contradiction1 may cont9ue to make ! indep5d5t case1 :e!r vocative or m]ely exclamatory1 ! subject ( a v]b1 express$ or und]/ood2 b ,i w cont5t myself ) endeav\r+ to e/abli% a syntax n liable to ?is sort ( objection4 ,9 do+ ?is1 x is prop] to look at all ! facts :i* g to %[ :at is "r1 or wrong4 ,lo1 ! poor ,indian6 is 9 ,lat91 ,ecce paup] ,indus6 or1 ,ecce paup]em ,indum6 ,?is use ( ei!r ! nom9ative or ! accusative aft] ecce1 if x proves any ?+ conc]n+ ! case ( ! ^w ,indian1 proves x d\btful4 ,"s1 x seems1 pron\nce x an objective4 ,"s1 l ,murray1 say no?+ ab\t x4 ,foll[+ ! analogy ( our own language1 ,i ref] x to ! nom9ative absolute1 because !re is no?+ to det]m9e x to be o!rwise4 ,9 ! examples4 ,heu me mis]um6 ,ah wret* t ,i am6--7,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #bfc47 & ,mis] ego homo6 ,o wret*$ man t ,i am6--7,rom41 vii1 #bd17 if ! ^w t is a relative pron\n1 z ,i incl9e to ?9k x is1 ! case ( ! n\ns wret* & man does n dep5d on any o!r words1 ei!r express$ or impli$4 ,!y are !re=e nom9atives absolute1 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 ?\gh ! ,lat9 words may be mo/ prop]ly expla9$ on ! pr9ciple ( ellipsis4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,( "s imp5etrable blockhead1 ,horace1 tell+ h[ himself 0 vex$1 says3 ,o te1 ,bollane1 c]ebri ,felicem6 aiebam tacitus4--,lib4 i1 ,sat4 ix1 #aa4 ,lit]ally3 ,o !e1 ,bollanus1 happy ( bra96 said ,i to myself4 ,t is1 ,o6 ,i envy !e1 c4 ,?is %[s t ,o does n require ! nom9ative case ( ! second p]son aft] x1 at lea/1 9 ,lat94 ,nei!r does oh or ah3 =1 if a gov]n+ ^w be sugge/$1 ! objective may be prop]2 z1 ,:om did he injure8 ,ah6 !e1 my boy8--or ev5 ! possessive2 z1 ,^: sobs d ,i he>8 ,oh6 ?9e1 my *ild8 ,kirkham tells u truly1 7,gram41 p4 #abf17 t ! exclamation ,o my is frequ5tly he>d 9 conv]sation4 ,^! la/ resemble ,lucan's use ( ! g5itive1 ) an ellipsis ( ! gov]n+ n\n3 ,o mis] sortis6 i4e41 ,o m5 ( mis]able lot6 ,9 %ort1 all ! ,lat9 cases z well z all ! ,engli%1 may possibly occur aft] "o or o!r ( ! int]jections4 ,i h in/anc$ all b ! ablative1 & ! foll[+ is lit]ally an example ( t1 ?\gh ! ^w quanto is con/ru$ adv]bially3 ,ah1 quanto satius e/6--,t]4 ,&41 ii1 #a4 ,ah1 h[ mu* bett] x is6 ,i h also %[n1 by good au?orities1 t ! nom9ative ( ! fir/ p]son1 bo? 9 ,engli% & 9 ,lat91 may be prop]ly us$ aft] ^? int]jections :i* h be5 suppos$ to require or gov]n ! objective4 ,b h[ f> is analogy alone a ju/ification8 ,is ,o !e good ,engli%1 because ,o te is good ,lat98 ,no3 nor is x bad = ! reason :i* our gramm>ians assign1 b because our be/ writ]s nev] use x1 & because ,o is m prop]ly ! sign ( ! vocative4 ,! lit]al v]sion above %\ld !re=e be *ang$2 z1 ,o ,bollanus1 ?\ happy numskull6 said ,i to myself4 ,,obs4 #ac--;,all5 ,fisk1 au?or ( ,adam's ,lat9 ,gramm> ,simplifi$1 & ( ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm> ,simplifi$1 sets d[n = ,false ,syntax n only t hackney$ example1 ,oh6 happy we1 c41 b1 ,o6 ,y1 :o love iniquity1 &1 ,ah6 y1 :o hate ! light4--,fisk's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #add4 ,b1 to imag9e t ei!r y or we is wrong "h1 is c]ta9ly no s+ ( a great l+ui/2 & 8 punctuation is v inconsi/5t bo? ) 8 own rule ( syntax & ) common practice4 ,an int]jection set (f by a comma or an exclamation po9t1 is ( c\rse put absolute s+ly1 or by itself4 ,if x is to be read z be+ put absolute ) some?+ else1 ! sep>ation is improp]4 ,"o might j z well divide a preposition f its object1 z an int]jection f ! case :i* x is suppos$ to gov]n4 ,yet we f9d "h n only su* a division z ,murray sometimes improp]ly adopt$1 b 9 "o in/ance a total sep>ation1 ) a capital foll[+2 z1 ,o6 ,y1 :o love iniquity1 =1 ,o y :o love iniquity6 or ,o ye1 c4 ,if a po9t be "h set betwe5 ! two pron\ns1 ! speak] accuses all 8 he>]s ( lov+ iniquity2 if ?is po9t be remov$1 he addresses only su* z d love x4 ,b an int]jection & a pron\n1 ea* put absolute s+ly1 "o aft] ! o!r1 seem to me n to con/itute a v natural exclamation4 ,! la/ example above %\ld !re=e be1 ,ah6 y hate ! light4 ,! fir/ %\ld be writt51 ,o happy we6 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,9 o!r gramm>s1 too1 !re are _m in/ances ( "s ( ! errors "h po9t$ out4 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi? kn[s no diff]5ce betwe5 ,o & oh2 takes ,oh6 happy u to be accurate ,engli%2 sees no impropriety 9 sep>at+ int]jections f ! pron\ns :i* he supposes !m to gov]n2 writes ! same examples v>i\sly1 ev5 on ! same page2 ins]ts or omits commas or exclamation po9ts at r&om2 yet makes ! latt] ! means by :i* int]jections are to be kn[n6 ,see 8 ,new ,gram41 pp4 #dj1 #if & #acd4 ,kirkham1 :o lays claim to a new sy/em ( punctuation1 & also /\tly ass]ts ! gov]n+ p[] ( int]jections1 writes1 & rewrites1 & f9ally /]eotypes1 9 "o "p ( 8 book4 ,ah me6 ,oh ?\6 ,o my c\ntry6 & 9 an o!r1 ,ah6 me2 ,oh6 ?\2 ,o6 virtue4 ,see ,obs4 #c;d & ,obs4 #h? above4 ,f su* h&s1 any ?+ new %\ld be receiv$ ) caution3 ?is la/ specim5 ( 8 s*ol>%ip has m errors ?an words4 ,,obs4 #ae4--,"s few ( our int]jections seem to admit ( a connexion ) o!r words by means ( a preposition or ! conjunction t z1 ,o to =get h]6--,"y4 ,o = t w>n+ voice6--,milton4 ,o t !y 7 wise6--,deut41 xxxii1 #bi4 ,o t my p _h he>k5$ unto me6--,ps41 lxxxi1 #ac1 ,alas = ,sicily6--,c[p]4 ,o = a _w 9 pr9ciple z *a/e ,z ?is is gross & selfi%6--,id4 ,hurrah = ,jackson6--,newspap]4 ,a bawd1 sir1 fy ^u him6--,,%ak43 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,& fy on =tune1 m9e av[$ foe6--,,sp5c]3 ib4 ,?is connexion1 h[ev]1 ev5 if we p>se all ! words j z !y /&1 does n give to ! int]jection itself any dep5d5t con/ruction4 ,x appe>s inde$ to refute ,jamieson's ass]tion1 t1 ,! int]jection is totally unconnect$ ) e o!r ^w 9 a s5t5ce2 b ,i did n quote ?is passage1 ) any av]m5t ( its accuracy2 &1 c]ta9ly1 _m n\ns :i* are put absolute !mselves1 h 9 l mann] a connexion ) words t are n put absolute3 z1 ,o ,"l ,god ( ho/s1 he> my pray]2 give e>1 ,o ,god ( ,jacob4 ,selah4--,ps41 lxxxiv1 #h4 ,b if any w suppose1 t 9 ! =ego+ examples some?+ else ?an ! int]jection mu/ be ! antec$5t t]m to ! preposition or ! conjunction1 !y may consid] ! expressions elliptical3 ?\gh x mu/ be confess$1 t mu* ( _! vivacity w be lo/1 :5 ! suppos$ ellipses are suppli$3 z1 ,o6 ,i desire to =get h]4--,o6 h[ ,i long = t w>n+ voice6--,o6 h[ ,i wi% t !y 7 wise6--,alas6 ,i wail = ,sicily4--,hurrah6 ,i %\t = ,jackson4--,fy6 cry out ^u him4 ,l9dley ,murray has "o example ( ?is k9d1 & if 8 punctuation ( x is n bad 9 all 8 editions1 !re mu/ be an ellipsis 9 ! expression3 ,o6 = bett] times4--,octavo ,gram41 ii1 #f2 ,duodecimo ,ex]cises1 p4 #aj4 ,he also writes x ?us3 ,o4 = bett] times4--,octavo ,gram41 i1 #abj2 ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,accord+ to common usage1 x %\ld be1 ,o = bett] times6 ,,obs4 #af4--,! int]jection may be plac$ at ! beg9n+ or ! end ( a simple s5t5ce1 & sometimes betwe5 its less intimate p>ts2 b ?is "p ( spee* is seldom1 if ev]1 all[$ to int]rupt ! connexion ( any words :i* are closely unit$ 9 s5se4 ,murray's def9ition ( an int]jection1 z ,i h else:]e %[n1 is faulty1 & directly contradict$ by 8 example3 ,o virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art6--,octavo ,gram41 i1 #bh & #abh2 ii4 #b4 ,?is 0 a fav\rite s5t5ce ) ,murray1 & he appe>s to h writt5 x uni=mly 9 ?is fa%ion2 :i*1 und\bt$ly1 is altoge!r "r1 except t ! ^w virtue %\ld h _h a capital ,vee1 because ! quality is "h p]sonifi$4 ,,obs4 #ag4--,misl$ by ! false notion1 t ! t]m int]jection is appropriate only to :at is ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 & p]ceiv+ t ?is is 9 fact b r>ely ! situation ( ?is "p ( spee*1 a rec5t critic1 7to :om ,i %\ld owe "s ackn[l$gem5ts1 if he 7 n wrong 9 e ?+ 9 :i* he *>ges me ) error17 n only d5\nces ?is "n z b>b>\s1 pref]r+ ,web/]'s loose t]m1 exclamation2 b av]s1 t1 ,! words call$ int]jection %\ld nev] be s us$--%\ld always /& alone2 z1 ',oh6 virtue1 h[ amiable ?\ art4' ',oh8 ,absalom1 my son4' ,g4 ,br[n1 cont9ues he1 drags "o into ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 :]e x nev] belong$2 ?us1 ',?is ent]prise1 alas6 w nev] comp5sate u = ! tr\ble & exp5se ) :i* x has be5 att5d$4' ,if ,g4 ,b4 meant ! ent]prize ( /udy+ gramm>1 9 ! old !ories1 8 s5tim5t is v appropriate2 b 8 alas6 he %\ld h kn[n en\gh to h put into ! "r place3--be=e ! s5t5ce repres5t+ ! fact t excites ! emotion express$ by alas6 ,see on ! ,*>t "p #c1 ( ,,rule ,,xvii4 ,an exclamation mu/ always prec$e ! phrase or s5t5ce describ+ ! fact t excites ! emotion to be express$ by ! exclamation2 z3 ,alas6 ,i h ali5at$ my fri5d6 ,oh6 ,glori\s hope ( bliss secure6--,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cge4 ,o ,glori\s hope ( bliss secure6--,ib41 p4 #ahd4 ,o glori\s hope6--,ib41 p4 #cjd4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,i see no reason to believe1 t ! class ( words :i* h always1 & almo/ univ]sally1 be5 call$ int]jections1 c ev] be m conv5i5tly expla9$ "u any o!r "n2 &1 z = ! t]m exclamation1 :i* is pref]r$ also by ,cutl]1 ,felton1 ,sp5c]1 & ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 x appe>s to me mu* less suitable ?an ! old "o1 because x is less specific4 ,any words utt]$ l\dly 9 ! same brea?1 are an exclamation4 ,?is "n !re=e is too g5]al2 x includes o!r p>ts ( spee* ?an int]jections2 & x 0 b a fooli% :im 9 ,dr4 ,web/]1 to pref] x 9 8 diction>ies4 ,:5 ,david cri$ ) a l\d voice1 ,o my son ,absalom6 ,o ,absalom1 my son1 my son6 #ddb he utt]$ two exclamations1 b !y includ$ all 8 words4 ,he did n1 l my critic above1 set (f 8 fir/ ^w ) an int]rogation po9t1 or any o!r po9t4 ,b1 says ,peirce1 ,^! words are us$ 9 exclaim+1 & are :at all "k !m to be1 exclamations2 z ,i call !m4 ,may ,i n call !m :at !y are8--,ibid4 ,yes1 truly4 ,b to exclaim is to cry out1 & consequ5tly e outcry is an exclamation2 ?\gh !re are two *ances to "o1 t no int]jection at all be us$ by ! bawl]4 ,z good an argum5t1 or bett]1 may be fram$ aga9/ e "o ( ?is g5tleman's pr(ess$ improvem5ts 9 gramm>2 & z = 8 punctuation & or?ography1 any read] may be presum$ capable ( see+ t !y are n fit to be propos$ z models4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,i l my position ( ! ^w alas bett] ?an t :i* ,peirce supposes to be its only "r place2 &1 c]ta9ly1 8 rule = ! location ( words ( ?is sort1 z well z 8 notion t !y mu/ /& alone1 is z false1 z x is new4 ,! obvi\s mis/atem5t ( ,l[?1 ,adam1 ,g\ld1 ,murray1 ,*ur*ill1 ,alg]1 ,smi?1 ,guy1 ,+]soll1 & o!rs1 t1 ,int]jections are words ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 ,i _h n only exclud$ f my gramm>s1 b expressly c5sur$ 9 !m4 ,x 0 n1 !re=e1 to prop any error ( ! old !ori/s1 t ,i happ5$ to set "o int]jection :]e accord+ to ?is new oracle1 x nev] belong$4 ,& if any body b he has be5 practically misl$ by _! mi/ake1 x is n ,i1 b m probably "s ( ! foll[+ au?ors1 "h cit$ = 8 refutation3 ,i fe>1 alas6 = my life4--,fisk's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,i h be5 occupi$1 alas6 ) trifles4--,murray's ,gr41 ,ex4 = ,p>s+1 p4 #e2 ,guy's1 p4 #ef4 ,we eag]ly pursue pleasure1 b1 alas6 we (t5 mi/ake ! road4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #dj1 ,to-morr[1 alas6 ?\ maye/ be com=tless6--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ce4 ,"t flies1 ,o6 h[ swiftly4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bbf4 ,my fri5d1 alas6 is dead4--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,b ,john1 alas6 he is v idle4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,= pale & wan he 01 alas ! :ile6--,,sp5s]3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,b yet1 alas6 ,o b yet1 alas6 our haps be b h>d haps4--,,sydney3 ib4 ,nay1 7:at's incr$ible17 alack6 ,i h>dly he> a woman's clack4--,,swift3 ib4 ,?us life is sp5t 7oh fie ^u't67 ,9 be+ t\*'d1 & cry+--,don't6--,c[p]1 i1 #bca4 ,= :om1 alas6 do/ ?\ prep>e ,! sweets t ,i 0 wont to %>e--,id41 i1 #bjc4 ,b "h1 alas6 ! diff]5ce lies4--,id41 i4 #ajj4 ,_! names1 alas6 9 va9 reproa* an age1 c4--,id41 i1 #hh4 ,:at nature1 alas6 has d5i$1 c4--,id41 i1 #bce4 ,a4 ,hail ,/]nhold1 !n2 & ,hopk9s1 hail6 ,b4 ,am54--,id41 i #be4 ,^! ,fate res]v'd to grace ?y reign div9e1 ,=ese5 by me1 b ah6 )held f m9e6--,pope1 ,dun41 iii1 #bae4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,promiscu\s4 ,fi/ ,! foll[+ examples ( bad gramm>1 be+ simil> 9 _! "* to o!rs already exhibit$1 are to be correct$1 by ! pupil1 accord+ to =mules previ\sly giv54 ,,lesson ,i4--,,any ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,su* an "o ,i believe y\rs w be prov$ to be4--,,peet3 ,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,( ! di/9ction betwe5 ! imp]fect & ! p]fect t5ses1 x may be obs]v$1 c4--,a9swor?'s ,gram41 p4 #abb4 ,! subject is c]ta9ly wor?y consid]ation4--,ib41 p4 #aag4 ,by ?is means all ambiguity & controv]sy is avoid$ on ?is po9t4--,bullions1 ,pr9ciples ( ,eng4 ,gram41 #e? ,ed41 ,pref41 p4 vi4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple 9 ,engli% has bo? an active & passive signification4--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,! old h\se is at l5g? fall5 d[n4--,ib41 p4 #gh4 ,! k+1 ) ! lords & commons1 con/itute ! ,engli% =m ( gov]nm5t4--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,! v]b 9 ! s+ul> agrees ) ! p]son next x4--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,jane f\nd ,se?'s gloves 9 ,james' hat4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,*>les' task is too great4--,ibid41 #ae4 ,! conjugation ( a v]b is ! nam+1 9 regul> ord]1 its sev]al modes t5ses1 numb]s & p]sons4--,ib41 p4 #bd4 ,! long rememb]$ begg> 0 8 gue/4--,ib41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #fe4 ,p>ticiples ref] to n\ns & pron\ns4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,f has an uni=m s\nd 9 e position except 9 (4--,hallock's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ae4 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s2 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e & neut]4--,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,:5 s t occur toge!r1 sometimes ! p>ticle s is tak5 z an adv]b4--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,! def9ition ( ! articles %[ t !y modify ! words to :i* !y belong4--,ib41 p4 #ach4 ,! auxili>ies %all1 w1 or %\ld is impli$4--,ib41 p4 #aib4 ,s+le rhyme tro*aic omits ! f9al %ort syllable4--,ib41 p4 #bdd4 ,agreeable to ?is1 we read ( names be+ blott$ out ( ,god's book1--,,burd]3 ib41 p4 #aef2 ,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 #aee2 ,improv$ ,gram41 #ajg4 ,! fir/ p]son is ! p]son speak+4--,goldsbury's ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,acc5t is ! lay+ a peculi> /ress ( ! voice on a c]ta9 lett] or syllable 9 a ^w4--,ib41 ,ed4 ( #ahdb1 p4 #ge4 ,?omas' horse 0 caught4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,y 0 lov$4--,ib41 p4 #de4 ,! nom9ative & objective end ! same4--,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,! numb] ( pron\ns1 l ^? ( sub/antives1 are two1 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,ib41 p4 #bb4 ,i is call$ ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son1 :i* is ! p]son speak+4--,fro/'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,! ess5tial elem5ts ( ! phrase is an intransitive g]undive & an adjective4--,haz5's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,be+ ri* is no ju/ification = su* impud5ce4--,ib41 p4 #ada4 ,8 hav+ be5 a soldi] 9 ! revolution is n d\bt$4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,cat*+ fi% is ! *ief employm5t ( ! inhabitants4 ,! *ief employm5t ( ! inhabitants is cat*+ fi%4--,ib41 p4 #add4 ,! cold wea!r did n prev5t ! "w's be+ f9i%$ at ! "t specifi$4--,ib41 p4 #ade4 ,! =m] vici\sness ( t man caus$ 8 be+ suspect$ ( ?is crime4--,ib41 p4 #ade4 ,b p]son & numb] appli$ to v]bs means1 c]ta9 t]m9ations4--,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,rob]t fell a tree4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,*>les rais$ up4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,x might n be an useless wa/e ( "t4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,nei!r w y h t implicit fai? 9 ! writ+s & works ( o!rs :i* *>act]ise ! vulg>1--,ib41 p4 #e4 ,i1 is ! fir/ p]son1 because x d5otes ! speak]4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,i w\ld ref] ! /ud5t to ,h$ges' or ,watts' ,logic4--,ib41 p4 #ae4 ,h$ge's1 ,watt's1 ,kirw9's1 & ,coll>d's ,logic4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #aaf4 ,lett]s are call$ v[els :i* make a full & p]fect s\nd ( !mselves4--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,x has bo? a s+ul> & plural con/ruction4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,= he beholde/ ?y beams no m4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,to ?is s5tim5t ! ,committee has ! c&\r to incl9e1 z x w appe> by _! summ+ up4--,macph]son's ,ossian1 ,prelim4 ,disc41 p4 xviii4 ,?is is r$uc+ ! po9t at issue to a n>r[ compass4--,ib41 p4 xxv4 ,s9ce ! ,engli% sat foot ^u ! soil4--,exiles ( ,nova ,scotia1 p4 #ab4 ,! arrangem5t ( its diff]5t p>ts are easily reta9$ by ! memory4--,hiley's ,gram41 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #bfb4 ,! words employ$ are ! mo/ appropriate :i* c\ld h be5 select$4--,ib41 p4 #ahb4 ,to prev5t x laun*+6--,ib41 p4 #ace4 ,web/] has be5 foll[$ 9 pref]5ce to o!rs1 :]e x diff]s f !m4--,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,exclamation & ,int]rogation are (t5 mi/ak5 = "o ano!r4--,bu*anan's ,e4 ,syntax1 p4 #afj4 ,:5 all nature is hu%$ 9 sleep1 & nei!r love nor guilt keep _! vigils4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,:5 all nature's hu%$ asleep1 ,nor love1 nor guilt1 _! vigils keep4--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,any ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,a ,,v]sify] & ,,poet are two diff]5t ,?+s4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #afc4 ,^? ,qualities w arise f ! well express+ ( ! ,subject4--,ib41 p4 #afe4 ,!re=e ! explanation ( network1 is tak5 no notice ( "h4--,mason's ,supplem5t1 p4 vii4 ,:5 emphasis or pa?os are necess>y to be express$4--,humphrey's ,punctuation1 p4 #ch4 ,:e!r ?is mode ( punctuation is correct1 & :e!r x be prop] to close ! s5t5ce ) ! m>k ( admiration1 may be made a "q4--,ib41 p4 #ci4 ,b n e writ] 9 ^? days 7 ?us correct4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 ,! s\nds ( ,a1 9 ,engli% or?oepy1 are no less ?an f\r4--,ib41 p4 #fi4 ,our pres5t code ( rules are ?\ght to be g5]ally correct4-- ,ib41 p4 #gj4 ,to prev5t its runn+ into ano!r4--,humphrey's ,prosody1 p4 #g4 ,%akespe>e1 p]haps1 ! greate/ poetical g5ius :i* ,engl& has produc$4--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,?is ,i w illu/rate by example2 b prior to :i* a few prelim9>y rem>ks may be necess>y4--,ib41 p4 #ajg4 ,all su* are entitl$ to two acc5ts ea*1 & "s ( :i* to two acc5ts ne>ly equal4--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,b "s cases ( ! k9d are s pla9 t no "o ne$ to ex]cise 8 judgm5t !re94--,ib41 p4 #abb4 ,i h =bore to use ! ^w4--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,! propositions1 ',he may /udy1' ',he might /udy1' ',he c\ld /udy1' affirms an ability or p[] to /udy4--,hallock's ,gram4 ( #ahdb1 p4 #gf4 ,! divisions ( ! t5ses has occasion$ gramm>ians mu* tr\ble & p]plexity4--,ib41 p4 #gg4 ,by adopt+ a famili>1 inductive me?od ( pres5t+ ?is subject1 x may be r5d]$ highly attractive to "y le>n]s4--,wells's ,s*4 ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #a2 #c;d1 #i2 #aac?1 #aa4 ,! def9itions & rules ( diff]5t gramm>ians 7 c>efully comp>$ ) ea* o!r4--,ib41 ,preface1 p4 iii4 ,s z n :olly to prev5t "s s\nds issu+4--,%]idan's ,elem5ts ( ,engli%1 p4 #fd4 ,lett]s ( ! ,alphabet n yet tak5 notice (4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,,x is sad1 ,,x is /range1 c41 seems to express only t ! ?+ is sad1 /range1 c4--,! ,well-,wi%]s' ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,,! ,,w9n+ is easi] ?an ,,! ,,pres]v+ a conque/4--,ib41 p4 #fe4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates f9ds itself ! own] ( a va/ region ( c\ntry at ! ,we/4--,horace ,mann 9 ,congress1 #ahdh4 ,"o or m lett]s plac$ be=e a ^w is a ,prefix4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,"o or m lett]s add$ to a ^w is a ,suffix4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,two-?irds ( my hair has fall5 (f4--,ib41 p4 #abf4 ',suspect+1' describes 'we1' by express+1 incid5tally1 an act ( 'we4'--,ib41 p4 #acj4 ,daniel's pr$ictions are n[ be+ fulfill$4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,8 be+ a s*ol>1 entitles him to respect4--,ib41 p4 #ada4 ,i d\bt$ 8 hav+ be5 a soldi]4--,ib41 p4 #adb4 ,tak+ a madman's sword to prev5t 8 do+ mis*ief1 _c be reg>d$ z robb+ him4--,ib41 p4 #abi4 ,i ?\ght x to be him2 b x 0 n him4--,ib41 p4 #adi4 ,x 0 n me t y saw4--,ib41 p4 #adi4 ,n to "k :at happ5$ be=e y 0 born1 is always to be a boy4--,ib41 p4 #adi4 ,h[ long 0 y go+8 ,?ree days4--,ib41 #aeh4 ,! qualify+ ,adjective is plac$ next ! ,n\n4--,ib41 p4 #afe4 ,all w5t b me4--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,?is is p>s+ _! own language1 & n ! au?or's4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #gc4 ,n\ns :i* d5ote males1 are ( ! mascul9e g5d]4--,ib41 p4 #di4 ,n\ns :i* d5ote females1 are ( ! fem99e g5d]4--,ib41 p4 #di4 ,:5 a comp>ison is express$ betwe5 m ?an two objects ( ! same class1 ! sup]lative degree is employ$4--,ib41 p4 #acc4 ,:]e d or t g be=e1 ! additional lett] d or t1 9 ?is contract$ =m1 coalesce into "o lett] ) ! radical d or t4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,write words :i* w %[ :at k9d ( a h\se y live 9--:at k9d ( a book y hold 9 y\r h&--:at k9d ( a day x is4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,"o ^w or m is (t5 jo9$ to n\ns or pron\ns to modify _! mean+4--,ib41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #cj4 ,good is an adjective2 x expla9s ! quality or "* ( e p]son or ?+ to :i* x is appli$4--,ib41 p4 #cc2 ,abridg41 #cb4 ,a great public z well z private advantage arises f e "o's devot+ himself to t occupation :i* he pref]s1 & = :i* he is specially fitt$4--,,wayl&3 ,wells's ,gram41 p4 #aba2 ,weld's1 #ahj4 ,!re 0 a *ance ( 8 recov]+ 8 s5ses4 ,n ?us3 ',!re 0 a *ance ( him recov]+ 8 s5ses4' ,,macauley4--,see ,wells's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aba2 #aac?1 #ace4 ,?is may be kn[n by its n hav+ any connect+ ^w imm$iately prec$+ x4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #aha4 ,!re are irregul> expressions occasionally to be met )1 :i* usage or cu/om r ?an analogy1 sanction4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,he add$ an anecdote ( ,qu9n's reliev+ ,?omson f prison4--,ib41 p4 #aej4 ,! daily labor ( h] h&s procure = h] all t is necess>y4--,ib41 p4 #ahb4 ,its be+ me1 ne$ make no *ange 9 y\r det]m9ation4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,! classification ( words into :at is call$ ! ,p>ts ( ,spee*4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,su* lic5ses may be expla9$ "u :at is usually t]m$ ,figures4--,ib41 p4 #bab4 ,lib]al1 n lavi%1 is k9d nature's h&s4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,!y fall successive & successive live4--,ib41 p4 #bac4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,any ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,a figure ( ,etymology is ! int5tional deviation 9 ! usual =m ( a ^w4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #bac4 ,a figure ( ,syntax is ! int5tional deviation 9 ! usual con/ruction ( a ^w4--,ib41 #bac4 ,synecdo*e is putt+ ! "n ( ! :ole ( any?+ = a "p or a "p = ! :ole4--,ib41 #bae4 ,apo/rophe is turn+ (f f ! regul> c\rse ( ! subject to address "s p]son or ?+4--,ib41 #bae4 ,ev5 "y pupils w p]=m su* ex]cises ) surpris+ int]e/ & facility1 & w unconsci\sly ga91 9 a little "t1 m k ( ! /ructure ( ,language ?an he c acquire by a drill+ ( sev]al ye>s 9 ! usual r\t9e ( p>s+4--,ib41 ,preface1 p4 iv4 ,a few ,rules ( con/ruction are employ$ 9 ?is ,"p1 to guide 9 ! ex]cise ( p>s+4--,ibidem4 ,! "n ( e p]son1 object1 or ?+1 :i* c be ?\ght (1 or spok5 (1 is a n\n4--,ib41 p4 #ah2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 #ai4 ,a dot1 resembl+ our p]iod1 is us$ betwe5 e ^w1 z well z at ! close ( ! v]ses4--,w4 ,day's ,punctuation1 p4 #af2 ,london1 #ahdg4 ,ca/+ types 9 matrices 0 inv5t$ by ,pet] ,s*oeff]1 9 #adeb4--;,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,on p]us+ x1 he said1 t1 s f> f x %[+ ! prison]'s guilt1 x positively e/abli%$ 8 innoc5ce4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,by pr9t+ ! nom9ative & v]b 9 ,italic lett]s1 ! read] w be able to di/+ui% !m at a glance4--,ib41 p4 #gg4 ,x is well1 no d\bt1 to avoid us+ unnecess>y words4--,ib41 p4 #ii4 ,meet+ a fri5d ! o!r day1 he said to me1 ',:]e are y go+8'--,ib41 p4 #abd4 ,john 0 fir/ d5i$ apples1 !n he 0 promis$ !m1 !n he 0 (f]$ !m4--,l5nie's ,gram41 #e? ,ed41 p4 #fb4 ,he 0 d5i$ admission4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #adf4 ,!y 7 (f]$ a p>don4--,pond's ,murray1 p4 #aah2 ,wells1 #adf4 ,i 0 ?is day %[n a new potatoe4--,,d>w93 ,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #agi2 ,imp4 ,gram41 #abh2 ,frazee's ,gram41 #aec2 ,weld's1 #aec4 ,n\ns or pron\ns :i* d5ote males are ( ! mascul9e g5d]4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #baa4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( comp>ison--! positive1 comp>ative1 & sup]lative4--,ib41 p4 #baf2 ,fir/ ,les41 p4 #di4 ,! fir/ two ref] to direction2 ! ?ird1 to locality4--,ib41 ,gr41 p4 #ajc4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! v]bs :i* take a direct & indirect object4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,i 0 n aw>e ( 8 be+ ! judge ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt4--,ib41 p4 #hf4 ,an indirect "q may ref] to ei!r ( ! five elem5ts ( a decl>ative s5t5ce4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,i am n sure t he w be pres5t ( 8 be+ pres5t4--,ib41 p4 #afi4 ,we left on ,tuesday4--,ib41 p4 #ajc4 ,he left1 z he told me1 be=e ! arrival ( ! /eam]4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,we told him t he mu/ leave ,we told him to leave4--,ib41 p4 #afh4 ,because he 0 unable to p]suade ! multitude1 he left 9 disgu/4--,ib41 p4 #agb4 ,he left1 & took 8 bro!r ) him4--,ib41 p4 #bed4 ,?is /at+1 or decl>+1 or d5y+ any ?+1 is call$ ! indicative mode1 or mann] ( speak+4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #gb2 ,abr4 ,ed41 #ei4 ,?is took place at our fri5d ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynold's4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #aej2 ,imp4 ,ed41 #aed4 ,! mann] ( a "y lady's employ+ h]self usefully 9 read+ w be ! subject ( ano!r pap]4--,ib41 #aej2 or #aed4 ,v little "t is necess>y = ,johnson's conclud+ a treaty ) ! booksell]4--,ib41 #aej2 or #aed4 ,my fa!r is n n[ sick1 b if he 0 y\r s]vices w\ld be welcome4--,*&l]'s ,gramm>1 #ahba1 p4 #ed4 ,:5 we beg9 to write or speak1 we ought previ\sly to fix 9 our m9ds a cle> conception ( ! end to be aim$ at4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 p4 #aic4 ,l5g? ( days are 9 h] "r h&1 & 9 h] left h& ri*es & honor4--,bullions's ,analytical & ,practical ,gramm>1 #ahdi1 p4 #ei4 ,! active & passive pres5t express diff]5t ideas4--,ib41 p4 #bce4 ,an ,improp] ,diph?ong1 or ,digraph1 is a diph?ong 9 :i* only "o ( ! v[els are s\nd$4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #aae4 ,! real orig9 ( ! words are to be s\ght 9 ! ,lat94--,ib41 #abj4 ,:at sort ( an alphabet ! ,go?ic languages possess1 we "k2 :at sort ( alphabet !y require1 we c det]m9e4--,ib41 #abg4 ,! ,runic ,alphabet :e!r borr[$ or inv5t$ by ! e>ly ,go?s1 is ( great] antiquity ?an ei!r ! olde/ ,teutonic or ! ,moeso-,go?ic ,alphabets4--,ib41 #abi4 ,common to ! ,mascul9e & ! ,neut] ,g5d]s4--,ib41 #bbb4 ,9 ! ,anglo-,saxon 8 0 common to bo? ! ,mascul9e & ,neut] ,g5d]s4--,ib41 #bbb4 ,:5 "t1 numb]1 or dim5sion are specifi$1 ! adjective foll[s ! sub/antive4--,ib41 #dei4 ,nor pa91 nor grief1 nor anxi\s fe> ,invade ?y b\nds4--,ib41 #efc4 ,to ,brighton ! ,pavilion l5ds a la? & pla/] grace4--,ib41 #eij4 ,f ?is consid]ation n\ns h be5 giv5 b "o p]son1 ! ,,?ird4--,d4 ,c4 ,all5's ,grammatic ,guide1 p4 #aj4 ,= x seems to gu>d & *]i% ,ev5 ! wayw>d dream]--,i4--,home ,j\rnal4 ,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,xiii4--,,syntactical4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,lessons1 are exemplifi$ mo/ ( ! ,exceptions1 "s ( ! ,notes1 & _m ( ! ,obs]vations1 "u ! prec$+ ,rules ( ,syntax2 to :i* ,exceptions1 ,notes1 or ,obs]vations1 ! le>n] may recur1 = an explanation ( :atsoev] is difficult 9 ! p>s+1 or peculi> 9 ! con/ruction1 ( ^! examples or o!rs4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,prose4 ,! high] a bird flies1 ! m out ( dang] he is2 & ! high] a ,*ri/ian so>s above ! _w1 ! saf] are 8 com=ts4--,sp>ke4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view1 & ) ?is explanation1 x is suppos$ by "s gramm>ians1 t our language conta9s a few ,imp]sonal ,v]bs2 t is1 v]bs :i* decl>e ! exi/5ce ( "s action or /ate1 b :i* d n ref] to any animate be+1 or any det]m9ate p>ticlu> subject4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aji4 ,?us 9 ,engl& & ,france1 a great l&hold] possesses a hundr$ times ! prop]ty t is necess>y = ! subsi/5ce ( a family2 & ea* l&lord has p]haps a hundr$ families dep5d5t on him = subsi/5ce4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #hg4 ,x is z possible to become p$antick by fe> ( p$antry1 z to be tr\blesome by ill tim$ civility4--,johnson's ,rambl]1 ,no4 #agc4 ,to comm5ce au?or1 is to claim praise2 & no man c ju/ly aspire to hon\r1 b at ! haz>d ( disgrace4--,ib41 ,no4 #ic4 ,= m9i/]s to be sil5t 9 ! cause ( ,*ri/1 is to r5\nce x2 & to fly is to des]t x4--,,s\?3 ,crabb's ,synonymes1 p4 #g4 ,su* in/ances %ew h[ mu* ! sublime dep5ds ^u a j selection ( circum/ances2 & ) h[ great c>e e circum/ance mu/ be avoid$1 :i* by bord]+ 9 ! lea/ ^u ! mean1 or ev5 ^u ! gay or ! trifl+1 alt]s ! tone ( ! emotion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dc4 ,?is great poet & philosoph]1 ! m he contemplat$ ! nature ( ! ,deity1 f\nd t he wad$ b ! m out ( 8 dep?1 & t he lo/ himself 9 ! ?\ght in/ead ( f9d+ an end to x4--,addison4 ,od91 :i* 9 ,anglo-,saxon 0 ,wod51 0 ! supreme god ( ! ,go?s1 answ]+ to ! ,jupit] ( ! ,greeks4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bfb4 ,because confid5ce1 t *>m & cem5t ( intimacy1 is :olly want+ 9 ! int]c\rse4--,opie1 on ,ly+1 p4 #adf4 ,objects ( he>+ may be comp>$ toge!r1 z also ( ta/e1 ( smell1 & ( t\*3 b ! *ief fund ( comp>ison are objects ( sight4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #acf4 ,! v>i\s relations ( ! v>i\s ,objects exhibit$ by ?is 7,i mean relations ( ne> & di/ant1 pres5t & abs5t1 same & diff]5t1 def9ite & indef9ite1 c47 made x necess>y t "h !re %\ld n be "o1 b _m ,pron\ns1 su* z ,he1 ,?is1 ,t1 ,o!r1 ,any1 ,"s1 c4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #gb4 ,mr4 ,pope's ,e?ical ,epi/les des]ve to be m5tion$ ) signal hon\r1 z a model1 next to p]fect1 ( ?is k9d ( poetry4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #djb4 ,! k ( :y !y s exi/1 mu/ be ! la/ act ( fav\r :i* "t & toil w be/[4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #bec4 ,x is unbelief1 & n fai?1 t s9ks ! s9n] into despond5cy4--,*ri/ianity dis[ns su* *>act]s4--,full]1 on ! ,gospel1 p4 #ada4 ,t ,god creat$ ! univ]se1 & t m5 are acc\ntable = _! actions1 are frequ5tly m5tion$ by logicians1 z in/ances ( ! m9d judg+4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,prose4 ,to c5sure works1 n m51 is ! j pr]ogative ( criticism1 & accord+ly all p]sonal c5sure is "h avoid$1 unless :]e necess>y to illu/rate "s g5]al proposition4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,introduction1 p4 #bg4 ,!re rema9s to %[ by examples ! mann] ( treat+ subjects1 s z to give !m a ridicul\s appe>ance4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cjc4 ,! mak+ ( poetry1 l any o!r h&icraft1 may be le>n$ by indu/ry4--,macph]son's ,preface to ,ossian1 p4 xiv4 ,:atev] is f\nd m /range or beautiful ?an 0 expect$1 is judg$ to be m /range or beautiful ?an x is 9 reality4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bdc4 ,?us ! body ( an animal1 & ( a plant1 are compos$ ( c]ta9 great vessels2 ^!1 ( small]2 & ^! aga91 ( /ill small]1 )\t end1 z f> z we c discov]4--,id41 ib41 p4 #bgj4 ,?is cause ( beauty1 is too ext5sive to be h&l$ z a bran* ( any o!r subject3 = to asc]ta9 ) accuracy ev5 ! prop] mean+ ( words1 n to talk ( _! figurative p[]1 w\ld require a l>ge volume2 an useful "w inde$1 b n to be attempt$ )\t a l>ge /ock ( "t1 /udy1 & reflection4--,id41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #af4 ,o ! h\rly dang]s t we "h walk 96 ,e s5se1 & memb]1 is a sn>e2 e creature1 & e duty1 is a sn>e to u4--,baxt]1 ,sa9ts's ,re/4 ,= a man to give 8 op9ion ( :at he sees b 9 "p1 is an unju/ifiable piece ( ra%ness & folly4--,addison4 ,t ! s5tim5ts ?us preval5t among ! e>ly ,jews respect+ ! div9e au?ority ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 correct1 appe>s f ! te/imony ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #fi4 ,s 9 ,society we are n our own1 b ,*ri/'s1 & ! *ur*'s1 to good works & s]vices1 yet all 9 love4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hd4 ,he ,dr4 ,johnson sat up 9 8 b$1 clapp$ 8 h&s1 & cri$1 ',o brave we6'--a peculi> exclamation ( 8 :5 he rejoices4-- ,boswell's ,life ( ,johnson1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #ef4 ,s+le1 d\ble1 & treble emphasis are no?+ b examples ( anti!sis4--,kn[les's ,elocutioni/1 p4 xxviii4 ,! curi\s ?+1 & :at1 ,i w\ld almo/ say1 settles ! po9t1 is1 t we d ,horace no s]vice1 ev5 accord+ to our view ( ! matt]1 by reject+ ! s*olia/'s explanation4 ,no two eggs c be m l ea* o!r ?an ,horace's ,mal?9us & ,s5eca's ,mec5as4-- ,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dgg4 ,act+1 conduct1 behavi\r1 ab/ract$ f all reg>d to :at is1 9 fact & ev5t1 ! consequ5ce ( x1 is itself ! natural object ( ?is moral disc]nm5t1 z speculative tru? & say or falsehood is ( speculative reason4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bgg4 ,to d :at is "r1 ) unp]v]t$ faculties1 is t5 times easi] ?an to undo :at is wrong4--,port]'s ,analysis1 p4 #cg4 ,"s natures ! m pa9s a man takes to reclaim !m1 ! worse !y are4--,l',,e/range3 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,pa9s4 ,says ,john ,milton1 9 t impassion$ spee* = ! ,lib]ty ( ,unlic5s$ ,pr9t+1 :]e e ^w leaps ) intellectual life1 ',:o kills a man1 kills a reasonable creature1 ,god's image2 b :o de/roys a good book1 kills reason itself1 kills ! image ( ,god1 z x 71 9 ! eye4 ,_m a man lives a burd5 ^u ! e>?2 b a good book is ! preci\s life-blood ( a ma/] _s1 embalm$ & treasur$ up on purpose = a life beyond life6'--,l\isville ,exam9]1 ,june1 #ahej4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,prose4 ,! philosoph]1 ! sa9t1 or ! h]o--! wise1 ! good1 or ! great man--v (t5 lies hid & conceal$ 9 a plebeian1 :i* a prop] education might h dis9t]r$ & br\ght to light4--,addison4 ,! ye> be=e1 he _h s us$ ! matt]1 t :at by =ce1 :at by policy1 he _h tak5 f ! ,*ri/ians above ?irty small ca/les4--,knolles4 ,x is an important tru?1 t religion1 vital religion1 ! religion ( ! he>t1 is ! mo/ p[]ful auxili>y ( reason1 9 wag+ w> ) ! passions1 & promot+ t sweet composure :i* con/itutes ! peace ( ,god4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #aha4 ,pray1 sir1 be pleas$ to take ! "p ( u beauties & =tunes into y\r consid]ation1 & d n let u be flatt]$ out ( our s5ses4 ,tell p t we fair ones expect hone/ pla9 answ]s1 z well z o!r folks4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ecd4 ,unhappy x w\ld be = u1 did n uni=mity prevail 9 morals3 t our actions %\ld uni=mly be direct$ to :at is good & aga9/ :at is ill1 is ! greate/ bless+ 9 society2 & 9 ord] to uni=mity ( action1 uni=mity ( s5tim5t is indisp5sable4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cff4 ,?us ! pleasure ( all ! s5ses is ! same 9 all1 high & l[1 le>n$ & unle>n$4--,burke1 on ,ta/e1 p4 #ci4 ,upw>ds ( eight millions ( acres h1 ,i believe1 be5 ?us dispos$ (4--,society 9 ,am]ica1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ccc4 ,! ,lat9 ,gramm> comes some?+ ne>]1 b yet does n hit ! m>k nei!r4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bha4 ,( ! l nature is ! foll[+ inaccuracy ( ,dean ,swift's4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aje4 ,?us1 ,sir1 ,i h giv5 y my own op9ion1 relat+ to ?is weighty affair1 z well z t ( a great majority ( bo? h\ses "h4--,ib4 ,a foot is j twelve times z long z an in*2 & an h\r is sixty times ! l5g? ( a m9ute4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,:at c we expect1 :o come a glean+1 n aft] ! fir/ reap]s1 b aft] ! v begg>s8--,c[ley's ,pref4 to ,poems1 p4 x4 ,9 our ,"l's be+ betray$ into ! h&s ( ! *ief-prie/s & scribes1 by ,judas ,isc>iot2 9 8 be+ by !m deliv]$ to ! ,g5tiles2 9 8 be+ mock$1 sc\rg$1 spitt$ on1 say spit ^u1 & crucifi$2 & 9 8 ris+ f ! dead aft] ?ree days2 !re 0 mu* t 0 s+ul>1 complicat$1 & n to be easily calculat$ on be=e h&4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #dj4 ,to be morose1 implacable1 inexorable1 & rev5geful1 is "o ( ! greate/ deg5]acies ( human nature4--,dr4 ,j4 ,ow54 ,n[1 says he1 if trag$y1 :i* is 9 its nature gr& & l(ty1 w n admit ( ?is1 :o c =be> laugh+ to he> ! hi/orian ,gorgias ,leont9us /yl+ ,x]xes1 t c[>dly ,p]sian k+1 ,jupit]2 & vultures1 liv+ sepul*res8--,holmes's ,rhetoric81 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #ad4 ,o let ?y all-see+ eye1 & n ! eye ( ! _w1 be ! /> to /e] my c\rse by2 & let ?y bless$ fav\r1 m ?an ! lik+ ( any s9ful m51 be ev] my /udy & delight4--,j5ks's ,pray]s1 p4 #aef4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,prose4 ,o ! ,hope ( ,israel1 ! ,savi\r !re( 9 "t ( tr\ble1 :y %\lde/ ?\ be z a /rang] 9 ! l&1 & z a way-f>+ man1 t turne? aside to t>ry = a night8--,j]emiah1 xiv1 #h4 ,:5 once ! long-suff]+ ( ,god wait$ 9 ! days ( ,noah1 :ile ! ark 0 a prep>+1 :]e9 few1 t is1 eight s\ls1 7 sav$4--#a ,pet]1 iii1 #bj4 ,m]cy & tru? are met toge!r2 righte\sness & peace h kiss$ ea* o!r4--,psalms1 lxxxv1 #aj4 ,b 9 va9 !y d wor%ip me1 tea*+ = doctr9es ! comm&m5ts ( m54--,matt41 xv1 #i4 ,kn[e/ ?\ n ?is ( old1 s9ce man 0 plac$ ^u ! e>?1 t ! triumph+ ( ! wick$ is %ort1 & ! joy ( ! hypocrite b = a mom5t8--,job1 xx1 #d1 #e4 ,= n[ we see ?r\gh a glass d>kly2 b !n1 face to face3 n[ ,i "k 9 "p2 b !n %all ,i "k ev5 z also ,i am kn[n4--#a ,cor41 xiii1 #ab4 ,= !n ! k+ ( ,babylon's army besieg$ ,j]usalem3 & ,j]emiah ! ,prophet 0 %ut up 9 ! c\rt ( ! prison :i* 0 9 ! k+ ( ,judah's h\se4--,j]41 xxxii1 #b4 ,= ,h]od _h laid hold on ,john1 & b\nd him1 & put him 9 prison1 = ,h]odias' sake1 8 bro!r ,philip's wife4--,matt41 xiv1 #c4 ,& n[ ,i h s5t a cunn+ man1 endu$ ) und]/&+1 ( ,huram my fa!r's1 ! son ( a woman ( ! daught]s ( ,dan4--#b ,*ron41 ii1 #ac4 ,br+ no m va9 oblations3 inc5se is an abom9ation unto me2 ! new moons & sabba?s1 ! call+ ( assemblies1 ,i _c away )3 x is iniquity ev5 ! solemn meet+4--,isaiah1 i1 #ac4 ,= ,i h he>d ! voice ( ! daught] ( ,zion1 t bewaile? h]self1 t spreade? h] h&s1 say+1 ,woe is me n[6 = my s\l is we>i$ because ( murd]]s4--,j]41 iv1 #ca4 ,%e saw m5 portray$ ^u ! wall1 ! images ( ! ,*aldeans portray$ ) v]milion1 gird$ ) girdles ^u _! lo9s1 exce$+ 9 dy$ attire ^u _! heads1 all ( !m pr9ces to look to1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,babylonians ( ,*aldea1 ! l& ( _! nativity4--,ezekiel1 xxiii1 #ae4 ,& on !m 0 writt5 accord+ to all ! words :i* ! ,"l spake ) y 9 ! m\nt1 out ( ! mid/ ( ! fire1 9 ! day ( ! assembly4--,deut41 ix1 #aj4 ,& he *>g$ !m t !y %\ld tell no man3 b ! m he *>g$ !m1 s mu* ! m a great deal !y publi%$ x4--,m>k1 vii1 #cf4 ,! results :i* ,god has connect$ ) actions1 w inevitably occur1 all ! creat$ p[] 9 ! univ]se to ! contr>y not)/&+4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #e4 ,am ,i n an apo/le8 am ,i n free8 h ,i n se5 ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l8 are n ye my "w 9 ! ,"l8 ,if ,i be n an apo/le unto o!rs1 yet d\btless ,i am to y2 = ! seal ( m9e apo/le%ip are ye 9 ! ,"l4--#a ,cor41 ix1 #a1 #b4 ,n to insi/ ^u ?is1 x is evid5t1 t =mality is a t]m ( g5]al import4 ,x implies1 t 9 religi\s ex]cises ( all k9ds ! outw>d & ! inw>d man are at diametrical v>iance4--,*apman's ,s]mons to ,presbyt]ians1 p4 #ced4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,v]se4 ,see ! sole bliss ,heav5 c\ld on all be/[1 ,:i* :o b feels1 c ta/e1 b ?9ks1 c "k2 ,yet1 poor ) =tune1 & ) le>n+ bl9d1 ,! bad mu/ miss1 ! good1 untaught1 w f9d4--,pope4 ,!re are1 :o1 deaf to mad ,ambition's call1 ,w\ld %r9k to he> ?' ob/rep]\s trump ( fame2 ,supremely ble/1 if to _! portion fall ,heal?1 compet5ce1 & peace4--,beattie4 ,high /ations tumult1 b n bliss1 create2 ,none ?9k ! great unhappy1 b ! great4 ,fools gaze & envy3 envy d>ts a /+1 ,:i* makes a swa9 z wret*$ z a k+4--,"y4 ,lo1 e>? receives him f ! b5d+ skies6 ,s9k d[n1 ye m\nta9s2 &1 ye valleys1 rise2 ,) heads decl9'd1 ye c$>s1 homage pay2 ,be smoo?1 ye rocks2 ye rapid floods1 give way4--,pope4 ,amid ! =ms :i* ?is full _w pres5ts ,l rivals to 8 *oice1 :at human brea/ ,e'er d\bts1 be=e ! transi5t & m9ute1 ,to prize ! va/1 ! /able1 & sublime8--,ak5side4 ,n[ fe>s 9 dire vicissitude invade2 ,! ru/l+ brake al>ms1 & quiv'r+ %ade3 ,nor light nor d>kness br+s 8 pa9 relief2 ,"o %[s ! plund]1 & "o hides ! ?ief4--,johnson4 ,if ,m]ab's *oice c\ld h compli$ ) m9e1 ,m]ab1 my eld] com=t1 _h be5 ?9e3 ,& h]s1 at la/1 %\ld h ) m9e compli$1 ,_h ,i n ?9e & ,mi*ael's he>t descri$4--,c[ley4 ,! p h z mu* a negative voice ,to h9d] mak+ w> )\t _! *oice1 ,z k+s ( mak+ laws 9 p>liam5t3 ',no money' is z good z ',no ass5t4'--,butl]4 ,full _m a gem ( pure/ ray s]5e ,! d>k unfa?om'd caves ( ocean be>2 ,full _m a fl[] is born to blu% unse51 ,& wa/e its sweetness on ! des]t air4--,gray4 ,oh fool6 to ?9k ,god hates ! wor?y m9d1 ,! lov] & ! love ( human k9d1 ,^: life is heal?ful1 & ^: consci5ce cle>1 ,because he wants a ?\s& p\nds a ye>4--,pope4 ,o ,fre$om6 sov]eign boon ( ,heav'n1 ,great *>t]1 ) our be+ giv52 ,= :i* ! patriot & ! sage ,h plann'd1 h bl$ ?ro' ev'ry age6--,mallet4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,v]se4 ,am ,i to set my life ^u a ?r[1 ,because a be> is rude & surly8 ,no4--,c[p]4 ,poor1 guiltless ,i6 & c ,i *oose b smile1 ,:5 e coxcomb kn[s me by my /yle8--,pope4 ,remote f man1 ) ,god he pass'd 8 days1 ,pray] all 8 bus9ess1 all 8 pleasure praise4--,p>nell4 ,^! are ?y bless+s1 ,indu/ry6 r\gh p[]2 ,:om lab\r /ill att5ds1 & sweat1 & pa94--,?omson4 ,:at ho6 ?\ g5ius ( ! clime1 :at ho6 ,lie/ ?\ asleep b5ea? ^! hills ( sn[8--,dryd54 ,:at6 can/ ?\ n =be> me half an h\r8 ,!n get !e gone1 & dig my grave ?yself4--,%ak4 ,!n palaces & l(ty domes arose2 ,^! = devotion1 & = pleasure ^?4--,blackmore4 ',tis v dang]\s1 tamp]+ ) a muse2 ,! pr(it's small1 & y h mu* to lose4--,roscommon4 ,lucretius ,engli%'d6 't 0 a "w might %ake ,! p[] ( ,engli% v]se to und]take4--,otway4 ,! be/ may slip1 & ! mo/ cauti\s fall2 ,he's m ?an mortal1 t ne'er err'd at all4--,pomfret4 ,poets l>ge s\ls heav5's noble/ /amps d be>1 ,poets1 ! wat*ful angels' d>l+ c>e4--,/epney4 ,sorr[ breaks reasons1 & repos+ h\rs2 ,makes ! night morn+1 & ! noon-tide night4--,%ak4 ,nor !n ! solemn night+ale ceas'd w>bl+4--,milton4 ,& ,o1 poor hapless night+ale1 ?\ght ,i1 ,h[ sweet ?\ s+/1 h[ ne> ! deadly sn>e6--,id4 ,he calls = fam9e1 & ! meagre fi5d ,bl[s mildew f betwe5 8 %rivell'd lips4--,c[p]4 ,if o'er _! lives a reflu5t glance !y ca/1 ,!irs is ! pres5t :o c praise ! pa/4--,%5/one4 ,:o wick$ly is wise1 or madly brave1 ,is b ! m a fool1 ! m a knave4--,pope4 ,great elde/-born ( ,dullness1 bl9d & bold6 ,tyrant6 m cruel ?an ,procru/es old2 ,:o1 to 8 iron b$1 by torture1 fits1 ,_! nobl] "p1 ! s\ls ( suff]+ wits4--,mallet4 ,p>!nia1 rise4--,:at voice al>ms my e>8 ,away4 ,approa* n4 ,hah6 ,alexis !re6--,gay4 ,nor is x h>% to make1 nor h>d to f9d ,a c\ntry )--ay1 or )\t mank9d4--,byron4 ,a frame ( adamant1 a s\l ( fire1 ,no dang]s fright him1 & no lab\rs tire4--,johnson4 ,n[ pall ! ta/eless meats1 & joyless w9es1 ,& luxury ) sighs h] slave resigns4--,id4 ,seems8 madam2 nay1 x is3 ,i "k n seems-- ,= ,i h t )9 :i* passes %[4--,hamlet4 ,return8 said ,hector1 fir'd ) /]n disda93 ,:at6 coop :ole armies 9 our walls aga98--,pope4 ,he :om ! =tune ( ! field %all ca/ ,f =? 8 *>iot1 m\nt ! next 9 ha/e4--,id4 ,yet "h1 ,la]tes8 abo>d1 abo>d1 = %ame6--,%ak4 ,ju/ice1 mo/ graci\s ,duke2 ,o grant me ju/ice6--,id4 ,b :at a v5geance makes !e fly ,f me too1 z ?9e enemy8--,butl]4 ,immortal ,pet]6 fir/ ( mon>*s6 ,he ,8 /ubborn c\ntry tam'd1 h] rocks1 h] f5s1 ,h] floods1 h] seas1 h] ill-submitt+ sons4--,?omson4 ,o arrogance6 ,?\ lie/1 ?\ ?read1 ?\ ?imble1 ,?\ y>d1 ?ree-qu>t]s1 half-y>d1 qu>t]1 nail1 ,?\ flea1 ?\ nit1 ?\ w9t]-cricket1 ?\3-- ,brav'd 9 m9e own h\se ) a ske9 ( ?read6 ,away1 ?\ rag1 ?\ quantity1 ?\ remnant2 ,or ,i %all s be-mete !e ) ?y y>d1 ,z ?\ %alt ?9k on prat+ :il/ ?\ liv'/4 ,,%ak43 ,tam+ ( ! ,%rew1 ,act ,,iv1 ,sc #c4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,g5]al ,,review4 ,?is twelf? *apt] ( ,syntax is devot$ to a s]ies ( lessons1 me?odically dige/$1 :]e9 are review$ & reappli$1 mo/ly 9 ! ord] ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 all ^? syntactical pr9ciples h]et(ore giv5 :i* are useful = ! correction ( errors4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,= ,a ,,g5]al ,,review4 ,fi/,! foll[+ examples ( false syntax are arrang$ = a ,g5]al ,review ( ! doctr9es conta9$ 9 ! prec$+ ,rules & ,notes4 ,be+ ne>ly all ( !m exact quotations1 !y are also a sort ( syllabus ( v]bal criticism on ! v>i\s works f :i* !y are tak54 ,:at corrections !y are suppos$ to ne$1 may be se5 by inspection ( ! twelf? *apt] ( ! ,key4 ,x is "h expect$1 t by recurr+ to ! in/ructions be=e giv51 ! le>n] :o takes !m z an oral ex]cise1 w asc]ta9 = himself ! prop] =m ( correct+ ea* example1 accord+ to ! p>ticul> ,rule or ,note "u :i* x belongs4 ,:5 two or m errors occur 9 ! same example1 !y ought to be correct$ successively1 9 _! ord]4 ,! errone\s s5t5ce be+ read al\d z x /&s1 ! pupil %\ld say1 fir/1 ,n prop]1 because1 c4 ,& :5 ! fir/ error has ?us be5 duly correct$ by a brief & regul> syllogism1 ei!r ! same pupil or an o!r %\ld imm$iately proce$1 & say1 ,secondly1 ,n prop] aga91 because1 c4 ,& s ( ! ?ird error1 & ! f\r?1 if !re be s _m4 ,9 ?is mann]1 a class may be taught to speak 9 succession )\t any wa/e ( "t1 &1 aft] "s practice1 ) a ne> approa* to ! ,,p]fect ,,accuracy :i* is ! great end ( grammatical in/ruction4 ,:5 "t _c be all[$ = ?is regul> ex]cise1 ^! examples may /ill be pr(itably rehe>s$ by a m rapid process1 "o pupil read+ al\d ! quot$ false gramm>1 & an o!r respond+ to ea* example1 by read+ ! int5d$ correction f ! ,key4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,articles4 ,& !y took /ones1 & made an heap4--,com4 ,bibles2 ,g541 xxxi1 #df4 ,& ,i d "k a _m fools1 t /& 9 bett] place4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #dd4 ,x is a /rong antidote to ! turbul5ce ( passion1 & viol5ce ( pursuit4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 xxiii4 ,! ^w news may admit ( ei!r a s+ul> or plural application4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,he has e>n$ a fair & a honorable reputation4--,ib41 p4 #adj4 ,!re are two g5]al =ms1 call$ ! solemn & famili> /yle4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ,nei!r ! article nor preposition may be omitt$4--,wright's ,gram41 p #aij4 ,a close union is also obs]vable betwe5 ! ,subjunctive & ,pot5tial ,moods4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,we %\ld r5d] s]vice1 equally1 to a fri5d1 neighb\r1 & an enemy4--,ib41 p4 #adj4 ,till an habit is obta9$ ( aspirat+ /rongly4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #di4 ,!re is an uni=m1 /eady use ( ! same signs4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,a travell] rem>ks ! mo/ objects he sees4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #gb4 ,:at is ! "n ( ! riv] on :i* ,london /&s8 ,! ,?ames4--,we sometimes f9d ! la/ l9e ( a c\plet or triplet /ret*$ out to twelve syllables4--,adam's ,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bhb4 ,n\ns :i* foll[ active v]bs1 are n 9 ! nom9ative case4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,x is a solemn duty to speak pla9ly ( wrongs1 :i* good m5 p]petrate4--,*ann+'s ,emancip41 p4 #ga4 ,ga!r+ ( ri*es is a pleasant torm5t4--,treasury ( ,k1 ,dict41 p4 #ddf4 ,x ! lam5tation ( ,hel5 = ,hector is wor? ! be+ quot$4--,col]idge's ,introd41 p4 #ajj4 ,c\ncil is a n\n :i* admits ( a s+ul> & plural =m4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,to exhibit ! connexion betwe5 ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #be4 ,an apo/rophe discov]s ! omission ( a lett] or lett]s4--,guy's ,gram1 p4 #ie4 ,he is imm$iately orda9$1 or r ackn[l$g$ an h]o4--,pope1 ,preface to ! ,dunciad4 ,:i* is ! same 9 bo? ! lead+ & foll[+ ,/ate4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #hf4 ,pron\ns1 z w be se5 h]eaft]1 h a di/9ct nom9ative1 possessive1 & objective case4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,a ^w ( _m syllables is call$ polysyllable4--,beck's ,outl9e ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,n\ns h two numb]s1 s+ul> & plural4--,ib41 p4 #f4 ,!y h ?ree g5d]s1 mascul9e1 fem99e1 & neut]4--,ib41 p4 #f4 ,!y h ?ree cases1 nom9ative1 possessive1 & objective4--,ib41 p4 #f4 ,p]sonal ,pron\ns h1 l ,n\ns1 two numb]s1 s+ul> & plural4 ,?ree g5d]s1 mascul9e1 fem99e1 & neut]4 ,two cases1 nom9ative & objective4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,he mu/ be wise en\gh to "k ! s+ul> f plural4--,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,?\gh !y may be able to meet ! e reproa* :i* any "o ( _! fell[s may pref]4--,*alm]s1 ,s]mons1 p4 #ajd4 ,yet = love's sake ,i r besee* !e1 be+ su* an "o z ,paul ! ag$4--,ep4 to ,philemon1 #i4 ,be+ su* "o z ,paul ! ag$4--,dr4 ,web/]'s ,bible4 ,a p t jeop>d$ _! lives unto ! dea?4--,judges1 v1 #ah4 ,by prev5t+ ! too great accumulation ( se$ )9 a too n>r[ compass4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #ig4 ,:o fills up ! middle space betwe5 ! animal & intellectual nature1 ! visible & invisible _w4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #eai4 ,! ,psalms ab\nd ) in/ances ( an h>moni\s arrangem5t ( ! words4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cci4 ,on ano!r table 7 an ew] & vase1 likewise ( gold4--,n4 ,y4 ,mirror1 xi1 #cjg4 ,? is said to h two s\nds %>p1 & flat4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,section 77 is us$ 9 subdivid+ ( a *apt] into less] p>ts4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,try x 9 a ,dog or an ,horse or any o!r ,creature4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #df4 ,b p>ticul>ly 9 le>n+ ( ,languages !re is lea/ occasion = pose+ ( ,*ildr54--,ib41 p4 #bif4 ,:at k9d ( a n\n is riv]1 & :y8--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,is ,william's a prop] or common n\n8--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,:at k9d ( an article1 !n1 %all we call !8--,ib41 p4 #ac4 ,ea* burns alike1 :o c1 or _c write1 ,or ) a rival's or an eunu*'s spite4--,pope1 on ,crit41 l4 #cj4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 ,& !re is /amp$ ^u _! ,imag9ations ,idea's t foll[ !m ) ,t]ror & ,affrightm5t4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #bea4 ,!re's n a wret* t lives on common *>ity1 b's happi] ?an me4--,,v5ice ,,pres]v$3 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #fc4 ,b !y ov]:elm :omsoev] is ignorant ( !m4--,common ,s*ool ,j\rnal1 i1#aae4 ,i h receiv$ a lett] f my c\s91 %e t 0 "h la/ week4--,in/41 p4 #abi4 ,g5tlem5s ,h\ses are seldom )\t ,v>iety ( ,company4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #ajg4 ,because ,=tune has laid !m bel[ ! level ( o!rs1 at _! ,ma/]s feet4--,ib41 p4 #bba4 ,we blam$ nei!r ,john nor ,m>y's delay4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #aag4 ,! book 0 writt5 by ,lu!r ! re=m]'s ord]4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 ,i saw on ! table ( ! saloon ,blair's ,s]mons1 & somebody else 7,i =get :o's7 s]mons1 & a set ( noisy *ildr54--,"l ,byron's ,lett]s4 ,or sai? he x altoge!r = our sakes8--#a ,cor41 ix1 #aj4 ,he 0 n aw>e ( ! duke's be+ 8 competitor4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,x is no condition ( a ^w's be+ an adjective1 t x mu/ be plac$ be=e a n\n4--,,f[le3 ib41 p4 #aij4 ,?\gh _! ,reason correct$ ! wrong ,idea's !y _h tak5 94--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #bea4 ,x 0 him1 :o taught me to hate slav]y4--,morris1 9 ,congress1 #ahci4 ,x is him & 8 k9dr$1 :o live ^u ! lab\r ( o!rs4--,id41 ib4 ,paym5t ( ,tribute is an ,ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 be+ ,k+ to :om we ?9k x ,due4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #afa4 ,:5 we compreh5d :at we are taught4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,! foll[+ words1 & p>ts ( words1 mu/ be tak5 notice (4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,h5ce te>s & commis]ation are s (t5 made use (4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfi4 ,,john-,a-,,nokes1 n4 s4 ,a fictiti\s "n1 made use ( 9 law proce$+s4--,*alm]s1 ,eng4 ,dict4 ,! con/ruction ( ,matt]1 & ,"p tak5 hold (4--,b4 ,f4 ,fisk's ,greek ,gram41 p4 x4 ,& su* o!r names1 z c>ry ) !m ! ,idea's ( "s ?+ t]rible & hurtful4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #bej4 ,e le>n] !n w\ld surely be glad to be sp>$ ! tr\ble & fatigue--,pike's ,hebrew ,lexicon1 p4 iv4 ',tis n ! own+ ones ,diss5t f ano!r1 t ,i speak aga9/4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p #bfe4 ,a man t _c ,f5ce w be m c>eful to keep out ( ,bullies & ,game/]s ,company1 & w n be half s apt to /& ^u ,punctilio's4--,ib41 p4 #ceg4 ,f su* ,p]sons x is1 "o may le>n m 9 "o ,day1 ?an 9 a ,ye>s rambl+ f "o ,inn to ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #cgg4 ,a long syllable is g5]ally consid]$ to be twice ! l5g? ( a %ort "o4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,i is ( ! fir/ p]son1 & s+ul> numb]2 ,?\ is second p]4 s+42 ,he1 ,%e1 or ,x1 is ?ird p]4 s+42 ,we is fir/ p]4 plural2 ,ye or ,y is second p]4 plural2 ,!y is ?ird p]4 plural4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,?is actor1 do]1 or produc] ( ! action1 is ! nom9ative4--,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,no ,body c ?9k a ,boy ( ,?ree or ,sev5 ,ye>s old1 %\ld be argu$ )1 z a gr[n ,man4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #abi4 ,?is 0 9 "o ( ! ,ph>isees' h\ses1 n1 9 ,simon ! lep]'s4--,hammond4 ,impossible6 x c't be me4--,swift4 ,^: grey top %all tremble1 ,him desc5d+4--,dr4 ,b5tley4 ,:at g5d] is woman1 & :y8--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,:at g5d]1 !n1 is man1 & :y8--,ibid4 ,:o is ,i2 :o d y mean :5 y say ,i8--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,x ,p>nassus is a pleasant air1 b a b>r5 soil4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #caa4 ,y may1 9 ?ree days "t1 g f ,galilee to ,j]usalem4--,josephus1 ,vol4 #e1 p4 #agd4 ,& t :i* is left ( ! meat-(f]+ %all be ,a>on's & 8 sons4--,,scott',s ,,bible1 & ,,bruce',s3 ,lev41 ii1 #aj4 ,see also ii1 #c4 ,= none 9 all ! _w1 )\t a lie1 ,c say t ?is is m9e1 except+ ,i4--,bunyan4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,adjectives ,:5 he c be _! ,remembranc] & ,advocate e ,assises & ,sessions4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #bdd4 ,do+1 d5otes all mann] ( action2 z1 to dance1 to play1 to write1 to read1 to tea*1 to fight1 c4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,sev5 foot long1--eight foot long1--fifty foot long4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #bje4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( ?is tw5ty-five millions ( doll>s is a dead loss to ! nation4--,f[l]1 on ,tobacco1 p4 #af4 ,two negatives de/roy "o ano!r4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,we are w>n$ aga9/ excus+ s9 9 ourselves1 or 9 ea* o!r4--,! ,fri5d1 iv1 #ajh4 ,! ,russian empire is m ext5sive ?an any gov]nm5t 9 ! _w4--,s*ool ,geog4 ,y w always h ! ,satisfaction to ?9k x ! ,money ( all o!r ! be/ laid out4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #ade4 ,!re is no "o passion :i* all mank9d s naturally give into z pride4--,/eele1 ,spect41 ,no4 #dfb4 ,o1 ?r[ away ! wors] "p ( x4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p #bcg4 ,he %[$ u a m agreeable & easi] way4--,in/41 p4 #acd4 ,& ! f\r la/ are to po9t out ^? fur!r improvem5ts4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #eb2 ,campbell's1 #ahg4 ,:]e he has n di/9ct &1 diff]5t cle> ,idea's4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cec4 ,oh1 :5 %all we h su* ano!r ,rector ( ,l>acor6--,hazlitt's ,lect4 ,spee* mu/ h be5 absolutely necess>y previ\s to ! =mation ( society4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #b4 ,g & tell !m boys to be /ill4--,in/41 p4 #ace4 ,wrongs are engrav$ on m>ble2 b5efits1 on s&3 ^! are apt to be requit$2 ^?1 =got4--,b4 ,nei!r ( ^! sev]al int]pretations is ! true "o4--,b4 ,my fri5d indulg$ himself 9 "s freaks unbefitt+ ! gravity ( a cl]gyman4--,b4 ,& _! ,p>don is ,all t ei!r ( _! ,impropriators w h to plead4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #aif4 ,b ! "t usually *os5 to s5d "y ,m5 abroad1 is1 ,i ?9k1 ( all o!r1 t :i* r5d]s !m lea/ capable ( reap+ ^? ,advantages4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cgb4 ,x is a m]e figm5t ( ! human imag9ation1 a rhapsody ( ! transc5d5t un9telligible4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #abj4 ,x conta9s a great] assemblage ( sublime ideas1 ( bold & d>+ figures1 ?an is p]haps any :]e to be met )4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afb4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ! two la/ words are plac$1 %\ld h be5 rev]s$4--,ib41 p4 #bjd4 ,! ord]s 9 :i* ! two la/ words are plac$1 %\ld h be5 rev]s$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #caj4 ,9 ,demo/h5es1 eloqu5ce %[n =? ) high] spl5d\r1 ?an p]haps 9 any t ev] bore ! "n ( an orator4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdb4 ,! circum/ance ( 8 be+ poor is decid$ly favorable4-- ,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #bhf4 ,! temptations to dissipation are greatly less5$ by 8 be+ poor4--,ib41 p4 #bhg4 ,= ) h] dea? t tid+s came4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #beg4 ,! next objection is1 t ^! sort ( au?ors are poor4--,clel&4 ,pres5t+ ,emma z ,miss ,ca/lema9 to ^! acqua9tance4--,opie's ,temp]4 ,i d\bt n b x w please m ?an ! op]a4--,spect41 ,no4 #bh4 ,! _w kn[s only two1 t's ,rome & ,i4--,b5 ,jonson4 ,i di/+ui% ^! two ?+s f "o ano!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bi4 ,& 9 ?is case1 mank9d reciprocally claim1 & all[ indulg5ce to ea* o!r4--,%]idan's ,lect41 p4 #bi4 ,! six la/ books are said n to h receiv$ ! f9i%+ h& ( ! au?or4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dch4 ,! be/ execut$ "p ( ! "w1 is ! fir/ six books4--,ib41 p4 #ddg4 ,to reason h[ c we be said to rise8 ,s _m c>es att5d ! be+ wise4--,%effield4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,pron\ns4 ,once ^u a "t a goose f$ its "y by a pond side4--,goldsmi?'s ,essays1 p4 #age4 ,if ei!r "w h a suffici5t degree ( m]it to recomm5d !m to ! att5tion ( ! public4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict41 p4 iii4 ,n[ ,w4 ,mit*ell 8 deceit is v rem>kable4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #bfd ,my bro!r1 ,i did n put ! "q to !e1 = t ,i d\bt$ ( ! tru? ( y\r belief4--,bunyan's ,p4 ,p41 p4 #aeh4 ,i _h two eld] bro!rs1 "o ( :i* 0 a lieut5ant-colonel4--,rob9son ,crusoe1 p4 #b4 ,?\gh ,james is "h ! object ( ! action1 yet1 he is 9 ! nom9ative case4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,"h1 ,john is ! actor2 & is kn[n to be ! nom9ative1 by its answ]+ to ! "q1 ',:o /ruck ,ri*>d8'--,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,"o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ privileges :i* ,provid5ce has conf]r$ on mank9d1 is ! p[] ( communicat+ _! ?\ghts to "o ano!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #i4 ,) "s ( ! mo/ ref9$ feel+s :i* belong to our frame4--,ib41 p4 #ac4 ,& ! same in/ructions :i* assi/ o!rs 9 compos+1 w assi/ !m 9 judg+ (1 & reli%+1 ! beauties ( composition4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,to ov]?r[ all :i* _h be5 yield$ 9 fav\r ( ! army4--,mrs4 ,macaulay's ,hi/41 i1 #cce4 ,let y\r fai? /& 9 ! ,"l ,god :o *anges n1 & t creat$ all1 & gives ! increase ( all4--,fri5ds' ,advices1 #afgf4 ,= x is1 9 tru?1 ! s5tim5t or passion1 :i* lies "u ! figur$ expression1 t gives x any m]it4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acc4 ,v]bs are words :i* affirm ! be+1 do+1 or suff]+ ( a ?+1 toge!r ) ! "t x happ5s4--,al4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,! ,byass w always hang on t side1 t nature fir/ plac$ x4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #agg4 ,!y %\ld be br\ght to d ! ?+s are fit = !m4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,v>i\s s\rces :5ce ! ,engli% language is d]iv$4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bhf4 ,?is att5tion to ! sev]al cases1 :5 x is prop] to omit & :5 to r$\ble ! copulative1 is ( consid]able importance4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aac4 ,cic]o1 = in/ance1 speak+ ( ! cases :]e kill+ ano!r is lawful 9 self def5ce1 uses ! foll[+ words4--,ib41 p4 #aef4 ,b !re is no nation1 h>dly any p]son s phlegmatic1 z n to accompany _! words ) "s actions & ge/iculations1 on all occasions1 :5 !y are mu* 9 e>ne/4--,ib41 p4 #cce4 ,william's is said to be gov]n$ by coat1 because x foll[s ,william's--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,!re are _m occasions 9 life1 9 :i* sil5ce & simplicity are true wisdom4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #aig4 ,9 *oos+ umpires1 ! av>ice ( :om is excit$4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #aec4 ,! bor\ghs s5t repres5tatives1 :i* _h be5 enact$4--,ib41 p4 #aed4 ,no man believes b :at !re is "s ord] 9 ! univ]se4--,anon4 ,! moon is ord]ly 9 h] *anges1 :i* %e c\ld n be by accid5t4--,id4 ,( ,sphynx h] riddles1 !y are g5]ally two k9ds4--,bacons ,wisdom1 p4 #gc4 ,!y mu/ g5]ally f9d ei!r _! ,fri5ds or ,enemies 9 ,p[]4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aff4 ,= ( old1 e "o took ^u !m to write :at happ5$ 9 _! own "t4--,josephus's ,jewi% ,w>1 ,pref41 p4 #d4 ,! ,almighty cut (f ! family ( ,eli ! high prie/1 = its transgressions4--,see ,key4 ,! conv5tion !n resolv$ !mselves into a committee ( ! :ole4--,in/41 p4 #adf4 ,! sev]ity ) :i* ?is d5om9ation 0 treat$1 appe>$ r to invite ?an to det] !m f flock+ to ! colony4--,h4 ,adams's ,view1 p4 #ga4 ,_m ,*ri/ians abuse ! ,scriptures & ! traditions ( ! apo/les1 to uphold ?+s q contr>y to x4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dfa4 ,?us1 a circle1 a squ>e1 a triangle1 or a hexagon1 please ! eye1 by _! regul>ity1 z beautiful figures4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #df4 ,elba is remakable sic--,,k? = its be+ ! place to :i* ,bonap>te 0 bani%$ 9 #ahad4--,see ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aij4 ,! editor has ! reputation ( 8 be+ a good l+ui/ & critic4--,see ib4 ',tis a ,pride %\ld be *]i%$ 9 !m4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #abi4 ,& to re/ore u ! ,hopes ( ,fruits1 to rew>d our ,pa9s 9 its season4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,! comick repres5tation ( ,dea?'s victim relat+ its own tale4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,z = ,scioppius 8 ,gramm>1 t do? :olly conc]n ! ,lat9 ,tongue4--,,dr4 ,,wilk9s3 ,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 i1 #g4 ,& *iefly !e1 ,o ,_s1 :o do/ pref] ,be=e all temples ! upright he>t & pure1 ,in/ruct me1 = ?\ kn[e/4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,v]bs4 ,& !re 0 9 ! same c\ntry %eph]ds1 abid+ 9 ! field4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,luke1 ii4 #h4 ,:]e( e "o be> tw9s4--,,com4 ,,bible3 ,sol4 ,song1 iv1 #b4 ,:]e( e "o b>e tw9s4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ib4 ,:]e( e "o be>e? tw9s4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ib4 ,he /rikes out ( 8 nature "o ( ! mo/ div9e pr9ciples1 t is plant$ 9 x4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #aha4 ,g5ii1 d5ote rial spirits4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,9 proportion z ! long & l>ge preval5ce ( su* corruptions h be5 obta9$ by =ce4--,,bp4 ,,halifax3 ,bri]'s ,analogy1 p4 xvi4 ,nei!r ( ^! are fix'd to a ,^w ( a g5]al ,signification1 or prop] ,"n4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,( :i* a few ( ! op5+ l9es is all ,i %all give4--,moore's ,life ( ,byron4 ,! ri*es we _h 9 ,engl& 0 ! sl[ result ( long indu/ry & wisdom4--,,dav5ant3 ,web/]'s ,imp4 ,gram41 p4 #ba2 ,phil4 ,gram41 #bi4 ,! foll[+ expression appe>s to be correct3--',mu* publick ?anks is due4'--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #bja4 ,he ha? be5 enabl$ to correct _m mi/akes4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 x4 ,:i* road take/ ?\ "h8--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,le>ne/ ?\ ?y lesson8--,ib41 p4 #aje4 ,le>n$ !y _! pieces p]fectly8--,ibid4 ,?\ le>n$/ ?y task well4--,ibid4 ,!re are "s c't reli% ! t[n1 & o!rs c't away ) ! c\ntry4--,,way ,,( ,,! ,,_w3 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cjd4 ,if ?\ meete/ !m1 ?\ mu/ put on an intrepid mi54--,neef's ,me?od ( ,ed41 p4 #bja4 ,/ruck ) t]ror1 z if ,philip 0 some?+ m ?an human4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bfe4 ,if ! p]sonification ( ! =m ( ,satan 0 admissible1 x %\ld c]ta9ly h be5 mascul9e4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #agf4 ,if only "o foll[1 !re seems to be a defect 9 ! s5t5ce4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,sir1 if ?\ h borne him h5ce1 tell me :]e ?\ ha/ laid him4--,john1 xx1 #ae4 ,bless$ be ! p t "k ! joyful s\nd4--,psalms1 lxxxix1 #ae4 ,e auditory take 9 good "p ^? m>ks ( respect & awe1 :i* are paid !m by "o :o addresses !m4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjh4 ,private causes 7 /ill plead$ 9 ! =um3 b ! public 0 no long] int]e/$2 nor any g5]al att5tion drawn to :at pass$ !re4--,ib41 p4 #bdi4 ,nay1 :at evid5ce c be br\ght to %[1 t ! ,inflection ( ! ,classic tongues 7 n orig9ally =m$ out ( obsolete auxili>y words8--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #aab4 ,if ! /ud5t reflects1 t ! pr9cipal & ! auxili>y =ms b "o v]b1 he w h little or no difficulty1 9 ! prop] application ( ! pres5t rule4--,ib41 p4 #ahc4 ,= ! sword ( ! enemy & fe> is on e side4--,j]emiah1 vi1 #bf4 ,ev5 ! ,/oics agree t nature & c]ta9ty is v h>d to come at4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ga4 ,8 polit5ess & oblig+ behavi\r 0 *ang$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahf4 ,8 polit5ess & oblig+ behavi\r 7 *ang$4--,hume's ,hi/41 ,vol4 vi1 p4 #ad4 ,w> & its hon\rs 0 _! employm5t & ambition4--,goldsmi?4 ,does a & an mean ! same ?+8--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,:5 a numb] ( words come 9 betwe5 ! discordant p>ts1 ! e> does n detect ! error4--,cobbett's ,gram41 #ahe4 ,! s5t5ce %\ld be1 ',:5 a numb] ( words comes 91' c4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,! nature ( our language1 ! acc5t & pronunciation ( x1 incl9es u to contract ev5 all our regul> v]bs4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,! nature ( our language1 toge!r ) ! acc5t & pronunciation ( x1 incl9e u to contract ev5 all our ,regul> ,v]bs4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,prompt aid1 & n promises1 are :at we ought to give4--,au?or4 ,! position ( ! sev]al organs !re=e1 z well z _! functions are asc]ta9$4--,m$ical ,magaz9e1 #ahcc1 p4 #e4 ,e private company1 & almo/ e public assembly1 af=d opportunities ( rem>k+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a j & graceful1 & a faulty & unnatural elocution4--,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #i4 ,su* submission1 toge!r ) ! active pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce1 make up ! temp] & "* 9 u :i* answ]s to 8 sov]eignty4-- ,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #abf4 ,9 happ9ess1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 !re is a false & a true1 an imag9>y & a real4--,full]1 on ! ,gospel1 p4 #acd4 ,to conf\nd ?+s t diff]1 & to make a di/9ction :]e !re is no diff]5ce1 is equally unphilosophical4--,au?or4 ,i "k a bank :]eon ! wild ?yme bl[s1 ,:]e ox-lips & ! nodd+ violet gr[s4--,beaut4 ( ,%ak41 p4 #ea4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,v]bs4 ,^: bus9ess or pr(ession prev5t _! att5dance 9 ! morn+4--,ogilby4 ,& no *ur* or (fic] h p[] ov] "o ano!r4--,,le*=d3 9 ,hut*9son's ,hi/41 i1 #cgc4 ,:ile nei!r reason nor exp]i5ce are suffici5tly matur$ to protect !m4--,woodbridge4 ,among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 e syllable1 or ! f> greate/ numb] at lea/1 0 kn[n to h a fix$ & det]m9$ quantity4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #chc4 ,among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 e syllable1 or at lea/ by f> ! greate/ numb] ( syllables1 0 kn[n to h a fix$ & det]m9$ quantity4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #cjc4 ,_! vanity is awak5$ & _! passions exalt$ by ! irritation1 :i* _! self-love receives f contradiction4--,influ5ce ( ,lit]ature1 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #bah4 ,i & he 0 nei!r ( u any great swimm]4--,anon4 ,virtue1 hon\r1 nay1 ev5 self-int]e/1 conspire to recomm5d ! measure4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aej4 ,a correct pla9ness1 & elegant simplicity1 is ! prop] "* ( an introduction4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjh4 ,9 syntax !re is :at gramm>ians call concord or agreem5t1 & gov]nm5t4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,p f9d !mselves able )\t mu* /udy to write & speak ! ,engli% intelligibly1 & ?us h be5 l$ to ?9k rules ( no utility4-- ,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #f4 ,b ! writ] mu/ be "o :o has /udi$ to in=m himself well1 :o has pond]$ 8 subject ) c>e1 & addresses himself to our judgm5t1 r ?an to our imag9ation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cec4 ,b practice ha? det]m9$ x o!rwise2 & has1 9 all ! languages ) :i* we are mu* acqua9t$1 suppli$ ! place ( an int]rogative mode1 ei!r by p>ticles ( int]rogation1 or by a peculi> ord] ( ! words 9 ! s5t5ce4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hd4 ,if ! ,"l h /irr$ !e up aga9/ me1 let him accept an (f]+4--#a ,sam41 xxvi1 #ai4 ,b if ! prie/'s daught] be a wid[1 or divorc$1 & h no *ild1 & is return$ unto h] fa!r's h\se1 z 9 h] y\?1 %e %all eat ( h] fa!r's meat4--,levit41 xxii1 #ac4 ,s9ce we nev] h1 nor ev] %all /udy y\r sublime productions4--,neef's ,sket*1 p4 #fb4 ,enabl+ u to =m m di/9ct images ( objects1 ?an c be done ) ! utmo/ att5tion :]e ^! p>ticul>s are n f\nd4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #agd4 ,i hope y w consid] :at is spoke comes f my love4--,%ak41 ,o!llo4 ,we w !n p]ceive h[ ! designs ( emphasis may be m>r$1--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #djf4 ,i knew x 0 ,crab1 & goes me to ! fell[ t :ips ! dogs4--,,%ak3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,,ale4 ,! y\? 0 be+ consum$ by a sl[ malady4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #aib4 ,if all m5 ?\ght1 spoke1 & wrote alike1 some?+ resembl+ a p]fect adju/m5t ( ^! po9ts may be accompli%$4-- ,ib41 p4 #bdj4 ,if y w replace :at has be5 long s9ce expung$ f ! language4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afg2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cfd4 ,z 9 all ^? faulty in/ances1 ,i h n[ be5 giv+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #adi4 ,?is mood has also be5 improp]ly us$ 9 ! foll[+ places4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #ahd4 ,he ,milton seems to h be5 well acqua9t$ ) 8 own g5ius1 & to "k :at x 0 t nature _h be/[$ ^u him4--,johnson's ,life ( ,milton4 ,( :i* ,i already gave "o in/ance1 ! wor/1 inde$1 t occurs 9 all ! poem4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cie4 ,x is /range he nev] comm&$ y to h done x4--,anon4 ,hi/ory pa9t]s w\ld h f\nd x difficult1 to h inv5t$ su* a species ( be+s4--,,addison3 see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,univ]sal ,gramm> _c be taught ab/ract$ly1 x mu/ be done ) ref]5ce to "s language already kn[n4--,l[?'s ,preface1 p4 viii4 ,& we might imag9e1 t if v]bs _h be5 s contriv$1 z simply to express ^!1 no m 0 ne$ful4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hb4 ,to a writ] ( su* a g5ius z ,dean ,swift1 ! pla9 /yle 0 mo/ admirably fitt$4--,ib41 p4 #aha4 ,please excuse my son's abs5ce4--,in/41 p4 #ahh4 ,bid ! boys to come 9 imm$iately4--,ib4 ,gives u ! secrets ( 8 ,pagan hell1 ,:]e gho/ ) gho/ 9 sad communion dwell4 --,crabbe's ,bor41 p4 #cjf4 ,alas6 nor fai?1 nor val\r n[ rema92 ,sighs are b w9d1 & ,i mu/ be> my *a94 --,walpole's ,catal41 p4 #aa4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples4 ,( :i* ! ,au?or consid]s himself1 9 compil+ ! pres5t "w1 z m]ely lay+ ( ! f\ndation-/one4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 ix4 ,on ! rais+ su* lively & di/9ct images z are "h describ$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #hi4 ,!y are necess>y to ! avoid+ ,ambiguities4-- ,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,!re is no neglect+ x )\t fall+ into a dang]\s error4--,burlamaqui1 on ,law1 p4 #da4 ,! conte/ resembles ,don ,quixote's fight+ w9dmills4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #fg4 ,t ^! v]bs associate ) v]bs 9 all ! t5ses1 is no pro( ( _! hav+ no p>ticul> "t ( _! own4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aij4 ,to ju/ify my n foll[+ ! tract ( ! anci5t rhetoricians4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abb4 ,! putt+ lett]s toge!r1 s z to make words1 is call$ spell+4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,:at is ! putt+ v[els & consonants toge!r call$8--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,nobody kn[s ( _! be+ *>itable b !mselves4--,full]1 on ! ,gospel1 p4 #bi4 ,paym5t 0 at l5g? made1 b no reason assign$ = its hav+ be5 s long po/pon$4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #ahf2 ,kirkham's1 #aid2 ,+]soll's1 #bed4 ,:i* w be> be+ br\ght into comp>ison ) any composition ( ! k9d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cif4 ,to r5d] vice ridicul\s1 is do+ real s]vice to ! _w4--,ib41 p4 #dgf4 ,x is copy+ directly f nature2 giv+ a pla9 rehe>sal ( :at pass$1 or 0 suppos$ to pass1 9 conv]sation4--,ib41 p4 #dcc4 ,propriety ( pronunciation is giv+ to e ^w t s\nd1 :i* ! mo/ polite usage ( ! language appropriates to x4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bjj4 ,to occupy ! m9d1 & prev5t our regrett+ ! insipidity ( an uni=m pla94--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cbi4 ,!re are a hundr$ ways ( any ?+ happ5+4--,/eele4 ,tell me1 signor1 :at 0 ! cause ( ,antonio's s5d+ ,claudio to ,v5ice1 ye/]day4--,bucke's ,gram41 p #ij4 ,look+ ab\t = an outlet1 "s ri* prospect unexpect$ly op5s to view4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ccd4 ,a hundr$ volumes ( mod]n novels may be read1 )\t acquir+ a new idea--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bi4 ,poetry admits ( great] latitude ?an prose1 ) respect to co9+1 or1 at lea/1 new comp\nd+ words4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ic4 ,:5 laws 7 wrote on braz5 tablets en=c$ by ! sword4--,notes to ! ,dunciad4 ,a pron\n1 :i* saves ! nam+ a p]son or ?+ a second "t1 ought to be plac$ z ne> z possible to ! "n ( t p]son or ?+4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #di4 ,! us+ a preposition 9 ?is case1 is n always a matt] ( *oice4--,ib41 ii1 #cg4 ,to save multiply+ words1 ,i w\ld be und]/ood to compreh5d bo? circum/ances4--,ib41 i1 #bai4 ,immod]ate grief is mute3 compla9+ is /ruggl+ = consolation4--,ib41 i1 #cih4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! accel]at+ or ret>d+ ! natural c\rse1 excites a pa94--,ib41 i1 #bei4 ,human affairs require ! di/ribut+ our att5tion4--,ib41 i1 #bfd4 ,by neglect+ ?is circum/ance1 ! foll[+ example is defective 9 neatness4--,ib41 ii1 #bi4 ,& !re=e ! suppress+ copulatives mu/ animate a description4--,ib41 ii1 #cb4 ,if ! lay+ aside copulatives give =ce & livel9ess1 a r$undancy ( !m mu/ r5d] ! p]iod languid4--,ib41 ii1 #cc4 ,x skills n ask+ my leave1 said ,ri*>d4--,scott's ,crusad]s4 ,to r$eem 8 cr$it1 he propos$ be+ s5t once m to ,sp>ta4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #abi4 ,dumas relates 8 hav+ giv5 dr9k to a dog4--,dr4 ,/one1 on ! ,/oma*1 p4 #bd4 ,bo? are1 9 a l way1 in/rum5ts ( our receiv+ su* ideas f ext]nal objects4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ff4 ,9 ord] to y\r prop] h&l+ su* a subject4--,spectator1 ,no4 #ecc4 ,= ,i d n recollect its be+ prec$$ by an op5 v[el4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #ef4 ,su* is sett+ up ! =m above ! p[] ( godl9ess4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #gb4 ,i rememb] walk+ once ) my "y acqua9tance4-- ,hunt's ,byron1 p #bg4 ,he ,"l ,byron did n l pay+ a debt4--,ib41 p4 #gd4 ,i d n rememb] see+ ,col]idge :5 ,i 0 a *ild4--,ib41 p4 #cah4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! dry rot's hav+ be5 discov]$1 ! mansion has und]gone a ?or\gh repair4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,i w\ld n advise ! foll[+ entirely ! ,g]man sy/em4--,,dr4 ,,lieb]3 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #ff4 ,w\ld x n be mak+ ! /ud5ts judges ( ! pr(essors8--,id41 ib41 p4 #d4 ,little "t %\ld int]v5e betwe5 _! be+ propos$ & decid$ ^u4--,,pr(4 ,,ve?ake3 ib41 p4 #ci4 ,x w\ld be no?+ less ?an f9d+ fault ) ! ,creator4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,hav+ once be5 fri5ds is a p[]ful reason1 bo? ( prud5ce & consci5ce1 to re/ra9 u f ev] becom+ enemies4--,seck]4 ,by us+ ! ^w z a conjunction1 ! ambiguity is prev5t$4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #baf4 ,he =ms 8 s*emes ! flood ( vice to /em1 ,b prea*+ ,jesus is n "o ( !m4--,j4 ,taylor4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,adv]bs4 ,auxili>ies _c only be ins]t$1 b are really und]/ood1--,wright's ,gram41 p #bji4 ,he 0 s9ce a hir$ ,scribbl] 9 ! ,daily ,c\rant4--,notes to ! ,dunciad1 ii1 #bii4 ,9 g>d5+1 luckily1 relative beauty ne$ nev] /& 9 opposition to intr9sic beauty4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ccj4 ,i d\bt mu* ( ! propriety ( ! foll[+ examples4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,& we see h[ f> !y h spread "o ( ! wor/ ,languages possibly 9 ?is "p ( ! _w4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cda4 ,& 9 ?is mann] to m]ely place him on a level ) ! bea/ ( ! =e/4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,:]e1 ah6 :]e1 has my d>l+ fl$8--,anon4 ,z = ?is fell[1 we "k n f :5ce he is4--,john1 ix1 #bi4 ,ye see !n h[ t by works a man is ju/ifi$1 & n by fai? only4--,james1 ii1 #bd4 ,! ,mixt k9d is :]e ! poet speaks 9 8 own p]son1 & sometimes makes o!r *>act]s to speak4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bgf2 ,g\ld's1 #bfg4 ,int]rogation is1 :5 ! writ] or orator raises que/ions & returns answ]s4--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,prev5tion is1 :5 an au?or />ts an objection :i* he =esees may be made1 & gives an answ] to x4--,ib41 p4 #aed4 ,w y let me alone1 or no8--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ahd4 ,nei!r man nor woman _c resi/ an engag+ ext]ior4-- ,*e/]field1 ,let4 lix4 ,?\gh ! ,cup be nev] s clean4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #fe4 ,seldom1 or ev]1 did any "o rise to em95ce1 by be+ a witty lawy]4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgb4 ,! second rule1 :i* ,i give1 respects ! *oice ( subjects1 f :5ce metaphors1 & o!r figures1 are to be drawn4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #add4 ,9 ! figures :i* x uses1 x sets mirrors be=e u1 :]e we may behold objects1 a second "t1 9 _! lik5ess4--,ib41 p4 #aci4 ,^: ,bus9ess is to seek ! true measures ( ,"r & ,wrong1 & n ! ,arts h[ to avoid do+ ! "o1 & secure himself 9 do+ ! o!r4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cca4 ,! occasions :5 y ought to p]sonify ?+s1 & :5 y ought n1 _c be /at$ 9 any precise rule4--,cobbett's ,eng4 ,gram41 #ahb4 ,!y reflect t !y h be5 mu* div]t$1 b sc>ce c say ab\t :at4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aea4 ,! eyebr[s & %\ld]s %\ld seldom or ev] be rem>k$ by any p]ceptible motion4--,adams's ,rhet41 ii1 #chi4 ,& ! left h& or arm %\ld seldom or nev] attempt any motion by itself4--,ib41 ii1 #cia4 ,e speak] does n propose to please ! imag9ation4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ajd4 ,& l ,gallio1 !y c>e little = none ( ^! ?+s4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 x1 p4 #cea4 ,!y may inadv]t5tly be imitat$1 9 cases :]e ! mean+ w\ld be obscure4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bgb4 ,nor a man _c make him laugh4--,%ak4 ,! ,a!nians1 9 _! pres5t di/ress1 sc>ce knew :]e to turn4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aef4 ,i d n rememb] :]e ev] ,god deliv]$ 8 oracles by ! multitude4--,locke4 ,! object ( ?is gov]nm5t is tw(old1 outw>ds & inw>ds4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #eec4 ,9 ord] to rightly und]/& :at we read4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cac4 ,t a design _h be5 =m$1 to =cibly abduct or kidnap ,morgan4--,/one1 on ,masonry1 p4 #daj4 ,b su* impo/ure c nev] ma9ta9 its gr\nd long4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aj4 ,b sure x is equally possible to apply ! pr9ciples ( reason & good s5se to ?is art1 z to any o!r t is cultivat$ among m54--,ibid4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] = y1 to h rema9$ illit]ate1 & to h be5 ev5 hew]s ( wood4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cgd4 ,dissyllables t h two v[els1 :i* are sep>at$ 9 ! pronunciation1 h always ! acc5t on ! fir/ syllable4--,ib41 i1 #bch4 ,& !y all turn$ _! backs )\t almo/ draw+ a sword4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bbd4 ,! pr9ciple ( duty takes naturally place ( e o!r4--,ib41 i1 #cdb4 ,all t glitt]s is n gold4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,:e!r n[ or nev] s _m myriads ( ages h5ce4--,pres4 ,edw>ds4 ,engl& nev] did1 nor nev] %all1 ,lie at ! pr\d foot ( a conqu]or4--,beaut4 ( ,%ak41 p4 #aji4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,conjunctions4 ,he readily compreh5ds ! rules ( ,syntax1 & _! use & applicability 9 ! examples be=e him4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,! works ( s*ylus h suff]$ m by "t1 ?an any ( ! anci5t trag$ians4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dgj4 ,!re is mu* m /ory1 m bu/le1 & action1 ?an on ! ,fr5* !atre4--,ib41 p4 #dgh4 ,su* an unremitt$ anxiety & p]petual application z engrosses our :ole "t & ?\ghts1 are =bidd54--,,soame ,,j5yns3 ,tract1 p4 #ab4 ,x seems to be no?+ else b ! simple =m ( ! adjective4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #di4 ,b :5 ,i talk ( ,reason+1 ,i d n int5d any o!r1 b su* z is suit$ to ! ,*ild's ,capacity4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #abi4 ,pron\ns h no o!r use 9 language1 b to repres5t n\ns4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p #hc4 ,! speculative reli$ no f>!r on _! own judgm5t1 b to *oose a lead]1 :om !y implicitly foll[$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 xxv4 ,unaccommodat$ man is no m b su* a poor1 b>e1 =k$ animal z ?\ art4--,beaut4 ( ,%ak41 p4 #bff4 ,a ,p>5!sis is a clause introduc$ into ! body ( a s5t5ce obliquely1 & :i* may be omitt$ )\t injur+ ! grammatical con/ruction4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bhj2 ,+]soll's1 #bib2 ,smi?'s1 #aib2 ,ald5's1 #afb2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #aad2 ,fisk's1 #aeh2 ,coop]'s1 #ahg2 ,comly's1 #afc4 ,a ,c>et1 m>k$ ?us is plac$ :]e "s ^w happ5s to be left out 9 writ+1 & :i* is ins]t$ ov] ! l9e4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bhb2 ,+]soll's1 #bic2 & o!rs4 ,at ! "t t ,i visit !m !y %all be ca/ d[n4--,j]41 vi1 #ae4 ,nei!r our virtues or vices are all our own4--,,dr4 ,,johnson3 ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #afg4 ,i c\ld n give him an answ] z e>ly z he _h desir$4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bjj4 ,he is n z tall z 8 bro!r4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abd4 ,x is difficult to judge :5 ,"l ,byron is s]i\s or n4--,lady ,bless+ton4 ,"s n\ns are bo? ( ! second & ?ird decl5sion4--,g\ld's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,he 0 disc\rag$ nei!r by dang] or mis=tune4--,wells's ,hi/41 p4 #afa4 ,?is is consi/5t nei!r ) logic nor hi/ory4--,! ,dial1 i1 #fb4 ,p>ts ( ,s5t5ces are simple & comp\nd4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,engli% v]se is regulat$ r by ! numb] ( syllables ?an ( feet4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,i "k n :at m he c d1 b pray = him4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #adj4 ,:il/ !y are le>n+1 & apply !mselves ) ,att5tion1 !y are to be kept 9 good ,hum\r4--,ib41 p4 #bie4 ,a man _c h too mu* ( x1 nor too p]fectly4--,ib41 p4 #cbb4 ,t y may s run1 z y may obta92 & s fight1 z y may ov]come4--,wm4 ,p5n4 ,x is ! case ( "s1 to contrive false p]iods ( bus9ess1 because !y may seem m5 ( despat*4--,"l ,bacon4 ',a tall man & a woman4' ,9 ?is s5t5ce !re is no ellipsis2 ! adjective or quality respect only ! man4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,an ab&onm5t ( ! policy is nei!r to be expect$ or desir$4--,pres4 ,jackson's ,message1 #ahcj4 ,:i* c be acquir$ by no o!r means b frequ5t ex]cise 9 speak+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cdd4 ,! *ief & fundam5tal rules ( syntax are common to ! ,engli% z well z ! ,lat9 tongue4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,!n ,i exclaim1 t my antagoni/ ei!r is void ( all ta/e1 or t 8 ta/e is corrupt$ 9 a mis]able degree4-- ,ib41 p4 #ba4 ,i _c pity any "o :o is "u no di/ress ( body nor ( m9d4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #dd4 ,!re 0 mu* g5ius 9 ! _w1 be=e !re 7 le>n+ or arts to ref9e x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cia4 ,su* a ,writ] c h little else to d1 b to new model ! ,p>adoxes ( anci5t ,scepticism4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 i1 #ajb4 ,our ideas ( !m be+ no?+ else b a collection ( ! ord9>y qualities obs]v$ 9 !m4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #be4 ,a non-ens or a negative c nei!r give pleasure nor pa94--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #fc4 ,s z !y %all n ju/le & emb>rass "o ano!r4--,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #cah4 ,he firmly refus$ to make use ( any o!r voice b 8 own4-- ,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aij4 ,y\r m>*+ regim5ts1 ,sir1 w n make ! gu>ds _! example1 ei!r z soldi]s or subjects4--,junius1 ,let4 #ce4 ,consequ5tly1 !y _h nei!r mean+1 or beauty1 to any b ! natives ( ea* c\ntry4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #afa4 ,! man ( wor?1 & has n left 8 pe]1 ,is 9 8 n>r[ h\se = ev] d>kly laid4--,burns4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,prepositions4 ,^! may be c>ri$ on progressively above any assignable limits4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bif4 ,to cr[d 9 a s+le memb] ( a p]iod diff]5t subjects1 is /ill worse ?an to cr[d !m into "o p]iod4--,ib41 ii1 #bg4 ,nor d we rigidly insi/ = melodi\s prose4--,ib41 ii1 #gf4 ,! av]sion we h at ^? :o diff] f u4--,ib41 ii1 #cfe4 ,= we _c be> 8 %ift+ ! sc5e e l9e4--,,ld4 ,,halifax3 ib41 ii1 #bac4 ,we %all f9d t we come by x ! same way4--,locke4 ,to ?is he has no bett] def5se ?an t4--,b>nes's ,b$ ,book1 p4 #cdg4 ,se>*+ ! p]son :om he suspects = hav+ /ol5 8 casket4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dgi4 ,:o are elect$ z vacancies occur by ! :ole ,bo>d4--,lit4 ,conv5tion1 p4 #ha4 ,almo/ ! only field ( ambition ( a ,g]man1 is sci5ce4--,,dr4 ,,lieb]3 ib41 p4 #ff4 ,! plan ( education is v diff]5t to ! "o pursu$ 9 ! si/] c\ntry4--,,dr4 ,,coley1 ib41 p4 #aig4 ,"s writ]s on gramm> h cont5d$ t adjectives relate to1 & modify ! action ( v]bs4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,!y are !re=e ( a mix$ nature1 p>ticipat+ ( ! prop]ties bo? ( pron\ns & adjectives4-- ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #eg4 ,= !re is no au?ority :i* c ju/ify ! ins]t+ ! aspirate or d\bl+ ! v[el4--,knight1 on ,greek ,alph41 p4 #eb4 ,! di/9ction & arrangem5t betwe5 active1 passive1 & neut] v]bs4--,wright's ,gram1 p4 #agf4 ,& see ?\ a ho/ile _w to spread its delusive sn>es4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #afg4 ,he may be precaution'd1 & be made see1 h[ ^? joyn 9 ! ,contempt4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #aee4 ,! cont5t+ !mselves n[ 9 ! want ( :at !y wi%'d =1 is a v]tue4--,ib41 p4 #ahe4 ,if ! ,compla9t be ( some?+ really wor?y y\r notice4--,ib41 p4 #aij4 ,true ,=titude ,i take to be ! quiet ,possession ( a ,man's self1 & an undi/urb'd do+ 8 ,duty4--,ib41 p4 #bjd4 ,= ! cu/om ( torm5t+ & kill+ ( ,bea/s w1 by degrees1 h>d5 _! ,m9ds ev5 t[>ds ,m54--,ib41 p4 #baf4 ,*ildr5 are :ip'd to x1 & made sp5d _m ,h\rs ( _! preci\s "t uneasily 9 ,lat94--,ib41 p4 #bhi4 ,! anci5t rhetoricians h ent]$ into a v m9ute & p>ticul> detail ( ?is subject2 m p>ticul>1 inde$1 ?an any o!r t reg>ds language4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #abc4 ,b ! "o %\ld n be omitt$ )\t ! o!r4--,bullions's ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,9 "s ( ! common =ms ( spee*1 ! relative pron\n is usually omitt$4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bah2 ,weld's1 #aia4 ,!re are a great v>iety ( causes1 :i* disqualify a witness f be+ receiv$ to te/ify 9 p>ticul> cases4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 ii1 #ge4 ,aside ( all reg>d to int]e/1 we %\ld expect t1 c4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #hb4 ,my op9ion 0 giv5 on a r cursory p]usal ( ! book4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bjb4 ,& ! next day1 he 0 put on bo>d 8 %ip4--,ib41 ii1 #bja4 ,hav+ ! comm& ( no emotions b ( :at are rais$ by sight4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #cah4 ,did ^! moral attributes exi/ 9 "s o!r be+ beside himself4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #afa4 ,he did n behave 9 t mann] out ( pride or contempt ( ! tribunal4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aij4 ,^! prosecutions ( ,william seem to h be5 ! mo/ iniquit\s measures pursu$ by ! c\rt4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aii2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 #abf4 ,to re/ore myself into ! good graces ( my fair critics4--,dryd54 ,objects d5om9at$ beautiful1 please n 9 virtue ( any "o quality common to !m all4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #df4 ,?is w\ld h be5 less wor?y notice1 _h n a writ] or two ( high rank lately adopt$ x4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aig4 ,a ,grecian y\?1 ) tal5ts r>e1 ,:om ,plato's philosophic c>e1 c4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,,promiscu\s4 ,to excel1 is become a mu* less consid]able object4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cea4 ,my robe1 & my integrity to heav51 is all ,i n[ d>e call m9e own4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #agc4 ,s ?\ ! g>l& we>'/ successively4--,ib41 p4 #acd4 ,= ?\ ! g>l& we>s successively4--,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #cda4 ,if t ?\ ne$'/ a ,roman's1 take x =?4--,ib41 p4 #ceg4 ,if t ?\ be'/ a ,roman1 take x =?4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bef4 ,if ?\ prove/ ?is to be real1 ?\ mu/ be a sm>t lad1 inde$4--,neef's ,me?od ( ,tea*+1 p4 #baj4 ,& ano!r ,bridge ( f\r hundr$ ,foot 9 ,l5g?4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bdb4 ,metonomy is putt+ "o "n = ano!r on acc\nt ( ! ne> relation !re is betwe5 !m4--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,an ,antonomasia is putt+ an appellative or common "n = a prop] "n4--,ib41 p4 #aec4 ,its be+ me ne$s make no diff]5ce 9 y\r det]m9ation4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,! fir/ & second page are torn4--,ib41 p4 #ade4 ,john's be+ f home occasion$ ! delay4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,8 hav+ neglect$ opportunities ( improvem5t1 0 ! cause ( 8 disgrace4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,he w regret 8 hav+ neglect$ opportunities ( improvem5t :5 x may be too late4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,8 be+ an exp]t danc] does n entitle him to our reg>d4--,ib41 p4 #hb4ddc ,cs> w5t back to ,rome to take possession ( ! public treasure1 :i* 8 oppon5t1 by a mo/ unacc\ntable ov]sight1 _h neglect$ tak+ ) him4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #aaf4 ,& ,cs> took out ( ! treasury1 to ! am\nt ( ?ree ?\s& p\nd weight ( gold1 besides an imm5se quantity ( silv]4--,ibid4 ,rules & def9itions1 :i* %\ld always be cle> & intelligible z possible1 are ?us r5d]$ obscure4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,s mu* bo? ( ability & m]it is seldom f\nd4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #agi4 ,if su* maxims1 & su* practices prevail1 :at is become ( dec5cy & virtue8--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,especially if ! subject require n s mu* pomp4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aag4 ,h[ev]1 ! prop] mixture ( light & %ade1 9 su* compositions2 ! exact adju/m5t ( all ! figurative circum/ances ) ! lit]al s5se2 h ev] be5 consid]$ z po9ts ( great nicety4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cdc4 ,& add+ to t hiss+ 9 our language1 :i* is tak5 s mu* notice ( by =eign]s4--,,addison3 ,,dr4 ,,coote3 ib41 i1 #ij4 ,speak+ impati5tly to s]vants1 or any ?+ t betrays unk9dness or ill-hum\r1 is c]ta9ly crim9al4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #ahc2 ,m]*ant's1 #aij4 ,!re is "h a fulness & gr&eur ( expression well suit$ to ! subject4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bah4 ,i s+le ,/rada out among ! mod]ns1 because he _h ! fooli% presumption to c5sure ,tacitus4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bfb4 ,i s+le him out among ! mod]ns1 because1 c4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #aaf4 ,?is is a rule n always obs]v$1 ev5 by good writ]s1 z /rictly z x ought to be4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajc4 ,b ?is gravity & assurance1 :i* is beyond boyhood1 be+ nei!r wisdom nor k1 d nev] rea* to manhood4--,notes to ! ,dunciad4 ,! regul>ity & poli% ev5 ( a turnpike-road has "s influ5ce ^u ! l[ p 9 ! neighb\rhood4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ceh4 ,!y become fond ( regul>ity & neatness2 :i* is display$1 fir/ ^u _! y>ds & little enclosures1 & next )9 doors4--,ibid4 ,! phrase1 x is impossible to exi/1 gives u ! idea ( x's be+ impossible = m51 or any body to exi/4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,i'll give a ?\s& p\nd to look ^u him4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #aea4 ,! read]'s k1 z ,dr4 ,campbell obs]ves1 may prev5t 8 mi/ak+ x4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #agb2 ,crombie's1 #bec4 ,:5 two words are set 9 contra/ or 9 opposition to "o ano!r1 !y are bo? emphatic4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bdc4 ,! numb] ( p]sons1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 :o 7 lo/ 9 ! sea1 0 v great4--,ib41 ii1 #bj4 ,nor is ! resemblance betwe5 ! prim>y & resembl+ object po9t$ out--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #agi4 ,i ?9k x ! be/ book ( ! k9d :i* ,i h met )4--,,dr4 ,,ma!ws3 ,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,:y %\ld n we _! anci5t rites re/ore1 ,& be :at ,rome or ,a!ns 7 be=e4--,roscommon1 p4 #bb4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,,two ,,errors4 ,x is lab\r only :i* gives ! reli% to pleasure4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bcd4 ,groves are nev] z agreeable z 9 ! op5+ ( ! spr+4--,ib41 p4 #baf4 ,8 ',philosophical ,inquiry into ! orig9 ( our ,ideas on ! ,sublime & ,beautiful' soon made him kn[n to ! lit]ati4--,biog4 ,rhet41 n4 ,burke4 ,an awful precipice or t[] :5ce we look d[n on ! objects :i* lie bel[4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cj4 ,?is passage1 ?\gh v poetical1 is1 h[ev]1 h>% & obscure2 ow+ to no o!r cause b ?is1 t ?ree di/9ct metaphors are cr[d$ toge!r4--,ib41 p4 #adi4 ,i propose mak+ "s obs]vations4--,ib41 p4 #bhj4 ,i %all foll[ ! same me?od "h :i* ,i h all along pursu$4--,ib41 p4 #cdf4 ,mank9d nev] resemble ea* o!r s mu* z !y d 9 ! beg9n+s ( society4--,ib41 p4 #chj4 ,b no e> is s5sible ( ! t]m9ation ( ea* foot1 9 read+ an hexamet] l9e4--,ib41 p4 #chc4 ,! fir/ ?+1 says he1 :i* ei!r a writ] ( fables1 or ( h]oic poems1 does1 is1 to *oose "s maxim or po9t ( morality4--,ib41 p4 #dba4 ,! f\r? book has be5 always mo/ ju/ly admir$1 & ab\nds ) beauties ( ! highe/ k9d4--,ib41 p4 #dci4 ,!re is no attempt t[>ds pa9t+ *>act]s 9 ! poem4--,ib41 p4 #ddf4 ,b ! artificial contra/+ ( *>act]s1 & ! introduc+ !m always 9 pairs1 & by opposites1 gives too !atrical & affect$ an air to ! piece4--,ib41 p4 #dgi4 ,nei!r ( !m are arbitr>y nor local4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 p4 xxi4 ,if cr[d+ figures be bad1 x is /ill worse to graft "o figure ^u ano!r4--,ib41 ii1 #bcf4 ,! cr[d+ )al s _m objects toge!r1 less5s ! pleasure4--,ib41 ii1 #cbd4 ,?is !re=e lies n 9 ! putt+ (f ! ,hat1 nor mak+ ( ,complim5ts4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #adi4 ,b ! ,sam>itan ,vau may h be5 us$1 z ! ,jews did ! ,*aldaic1 bo? = a v[el & consonant4--,wilson's ,essay1 p4 #ai4 ,b if a solemn & famili> pronunciation really exi/s 9 our language1 is x n ! bus9ess ( a gramm>ian to m>k bo?8--,walk]'s ,dict41 ,pref41 p4 #d4 ,by mak+ s\nds foll[ ea* o!r agreeable to c]ta9 laws4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #djf4 ,if !re 0 no dr9k+ intoxicat+ draughts1 !re c\ld be no drunk>ds4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,socrates knew 8 own defects1 & if he 0 pr\d ( any ?+1 x 0 9 ! be+ ?\ght to h none4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #ahh4 ,lys&] hav+ br\ght 8 army to ,ephesus1 erect$ an ars5al = build+ ( gallies4--,ib41 i1 #afa4 ,! use ( ^! signs are wor?y rem>k4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,he receiv$ me 9 ! same mann] t ,i w\ld y4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,consi/+ bo? ( ! direct & collat]al evid5ce4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bbd4 ,if any man or woman t believe? h wid[s1 let !m relieve !m1 & let n ! *ur* be *>g$4--#a ,tim41 v1 #af4 ,= m5s sakes are bea/s br$4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #aca4 ,f ?ree a clock !re 0 dr9k+ & gam+4--,ib41 p4 #ada4 ,is ?is he t ,i am seek+ (1 or no8--,ib41 p4 #bdh4 ,& = ! uphold+ e "o 8 own op9ion1 !re is s mu* ado4--,sewel's ,hi/41 p4 #hji4 ,"s ( !m h[ev] w be necess>ily tak5 notice (4--,sale's ,koran1 p4 #ga4 ,! boys conduct$ !mselves exce$+ly indiscreet4--,m]*ant's ,key1 p4 #aie4 ,_! example1 _! influ5ce1 _! =tune1 e tal5t !y possess1 disp5se bless+s on all ar\nd !m4--,ib41 p4 #aig2 ,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bai4 ,! two ,reynolds reciprocally conv]t$ "o ano!r--,johnson's ,lives1 p4 #ahe4 ,! de/roy+ ! two la/ ,tacitus calls an attack ^u virtue itself4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #aid4 ,monies is y\r suit4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #ch4 ,*1 is commonly s\nd$ l t*2 z 9 *ur*2 b 9 words d]iv$ f ! ,greek1 has ! s\nd ( k4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aa4 ,:5 "o is oblig$ to make "s ut5sil supply purposes to :i* !y 7 n orig9ally de/9$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bbb4 ,b t a be+ baptiz$ ) wat]1 is a wa%+ away ( s91 ?\ can/ n f h5ce prove4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #aij4 ,be+ b spoke to "o1 x inf]s no univ]sal comm&4--,ibid4 ,= if ! lay+ aside ,copulatives gives ,=ce & ,livel9ess1 a ,r$undancy ( !m mu/ r5d] ! ,p]iod languid4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #acd4 ,james us$ to comp>e him to a cat1 :o always fell ^u h] legs4--,,adam',s ,,hi/4 ,,( ,,eng43 ,crombie1 p4 #chd4 ,f ! l[ e>? aspir+ g5ius spr+s1 ,& sails triumphant born on eagles w+s4--,lloyd1 p4 #afb4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,,two ,,errors4 ,an o/5tati\s1 a feeble1 a h>%1 or an obscure /yle1 = in/ance1 are always faults4--,blair's ,rhet4 p4 #aij4 ,yet 9 ?is we f9d ! ,engli% pron\nce p]fectly agreeable to rule4--,walk]'s ,dict41 p4 #b4 ,b nei!r ! p]ception ( ideas1 nor k ( any sort1 are habits1 ?\gh absolutely necess>y to ! =m+ ( !m4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aaa4 ,!y 7 ca/3 & an heavy f9e impos$ ^u !m4--,goldsmi?s ,greece1 ii1 #cj4 ,)\t mak+ ?is reflection1 he _c ent] into ! _s1 nor reli% ! composition ( ! au?or4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dej4 ,! s*ol> %\ld be in/ruct$ relative to f9d+ 8 words4--,osborn's ,key1 p4 #d4 ,& !re=e !y c\ld nei!r h =g$1 or rev]sifi$ !m4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alph41 p4 #cj4 ,a disp5s>y is ! place :]e m$ic9es are disp5s$4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #agb4 ,bo? ! connexion & numb] ( words is det]m9$ by g5]al laws4--,neef's ,sket*1 p4 #gc4 ,an ,anapse/ has ! two fir/ syllables unacc5t$1 & ! la/ acc5t$3 z1 ',contrav5e1 acquisce4'--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bed4 ,an explicative s5t5ce is1 :5 a ?+ is said to be or n to be1 to d or n to d1 to suff] or n to suff]1 9 a direct mann]4--,ib41 i1 #ada2 ,l[?'s1 #hd4 ,,b is a conjunction1 9 all cases :5 x is nei!r an adv]b nor preposition4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ,he wrote 9 ! k+ ,ahasu]us' "n1 & seal$ x ) ! k+'s r+4--,e/h]1 viii1 #aj4 ,camm & ,audl& 7 dep>t$ ! t[n be=e ?is "t4--,sewel's ,hi/41 p4 #ajj4 ,previ\s to _! rel9qui%+ ! practice1 !y mu/ be conv9c$4--,dr4 ,web/]1 on ,slav]y1 p4 #e4 ,:i* he _h ?r[n up previ\s to 8 sett+ out4--,grim%aw's ,hi/4 ,u4 ,s41 p4 #hd4 ,he left him to ! value ( an hundr$ dra*mas 9 ,p]sian money4--,spect41 ,no4 #ece4 ,all :i* ! m9d c ev] contemplate conc]n+ !m1 mu/ be divid$ betwe5 ! ?ree4--,c>dell's ,philad4 ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,tom ,puzzle is "o ( ! mo/ em95t imme?odical disputants ( any t has fall5 "u my obs]vation4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgf4 ,:5 y h once got him to ?9k himself made am5ds = 8 suff]+1 by ! praise is giv5 him = 8 c\rage4--,locke1 on ,ed4 #aae4 ,9 all matt]s :]e simple reason1 & m]e speculation is conc]n$4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #acf4 ,& !re=e he %\ld be sp>$ ! tr\ble ( att5d+ to any ?+ else1 b 8 mean+4--,ib41 p4 #aje4 ,x is ?is k9d ( phraseology :i* is di/+ui%$ by ! epi!t idiomatical1 & ha? be5 orig9ally ! spawn1 p>tly ( ignorance1 & p>tly ( affectation4--,campbell's ,rhet4 p4 #ahe4 ,murray has x--& :i* has be5 orig9ally1 c4--,octavo ,gram4 i1 #cgj4 ,t nei!r ! lett]s nor inflection are su* z c\ld h be5 employ$ by ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,latium4--,knight1 ,gr4 ,alph4 p4 #ac1 ,9 cases :]e ! v]b is int5d$ to be appli$ to any "o ( ! t]ms4--,murray's ,gram411 #aej4 ,b ?is p :i* "k n ! law1 are accurs$4--,john1 vii1 #di4 ,& ! magnitude ( ! *orusses h weight & sublimity4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dbh4 ,d>e he d5y b !re are "s ( 8 frat]nity guilty8--,b>clays ,works1 i1 #cbg4 ,giv+ an acc\nt ( mo/1 if n all ! pap]s _h pass$ betwixt !m4--,ib41 i1 #bce4 ,9 ?is mann]1 bo? z to p>s+ & correct+1 all ! rules ( syntax %\ld be treat$1 proce$+ regul>ly accord+ to _! ord]4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 #abmo1 p4 x4 ,ov&o 0 all[$ a brilliant ret9ue & a body gu>d4--,sket* ( ,columbus4 ,is x ,i or he :om y reque/$ to g8--,kirkham's ,gram41 ,key1 p4 #bbf4 ,let ?\ & ,i g on4--,bunyan's ,p4 ,p41 p4 #aeh4 ,?is ,i no-:]e affirm$2 & d :olly d5y4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #ded4 ,b t ,i d5y2 & rema9s = him to prove4--,ibid4 ,our c\ntry s9ks b5ea? ! yoke2 ,x weeps1 x ble$s1 & ea* new day a ga% ,is add$ to h] w\nds4--,,%akspe>e3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,b5ea?4 ,?\ art ! ,"l :o did/ *oose ,abraham1 & br\ghte/ him =? out ( ,ur ( ! ,*aldees4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #ahi4 ,he is ! exhau/less f\nta91 f :i* emanates all ^! attributes1 t exi/s ?r\gh\t ?is wide creation4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aee4 ,i am he :o h commun$ ) ! son ( ,neocles2 ,i am he :o h ent]$ ! g>d5s ( pleasure4--,wright's ,a!ns1 p4 #ff4 ,su* 0 9 anci5t times ! tales receiv$1 ,su* by our good =efa!rs 0 believ$4 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #fje4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,,two ,,errors4 ,! n\n or pron\n t /& be=e ! active v]b1 may be call$ ! ag5t4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aba4 ,su* seems to be ! mus+s ( our h]o ( ! gramm>-quill1 :5 he p5n$ ! fir/ "p ( 8 gramm>4--,m]*ant's ,criticisms4 ,two dots1 ! "o plac$ above ! o!r 31 is call$ ,%eva1 & repres5ts a v %ort e4--,wilson's ,hebrew ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,great has be51 & is1 ! obscurity & difficulty1 9 ! nature & application ( !m4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ahd4 ,z two is to f\r1 s is f\r to eight4--,ev]e/'s ,gram41 p4 #bca4 ,! inv5tion & use ( x ari?metic rea*es back to a p]iod s remote z is beyond ! k ( hi/ory4--,rob]tson's ,am]ica1 i1 #bhh4 ,:at x pres5ts z objects ( contemplation or enjoym5t1 fills & satisfies 8 m9d4--,ib41 i1 #cgg4 ,if he d>e n say !y are1 z ,i "k he d>e n1 h[ mu/ ,i !n di/+ui%8--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #caa4 ,he 0 n[ gr[n s fond ( solitude t all company 0 become uneasy to him4--,life ( ,cic]o1 p4 #cb4 ,viol5ce & spoil is he>d 9 h]2 be=e me cont9ually is grief & w\nds4--,j]emiah1 vi1 #g4 ,bayle's ,intellig5ce f ! ,republic ( ,lett]s1 :i* make elev5 volumes 9 duodecimo1 are truly a model 9 ?is k9d4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #fh4 ,to r5d] pauses pleas+ & expressive1 !y mu/ n only be made 9 ! "r place1 b also accompani$ ) a prop] tone ( voice4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bdi4 ,! oppos+ ! op9ions1 & rectify+ ! mi/akes ( o!rs1 is :at tru? & s9c]ity sometimes require ( u4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #baa4 ,x is v probable t ?is assembly 0 call$1 to cle> "s d\bt :i* ! k+ _h1 ab\t ! lawfulness ( ! ,holl&]s' ?r[+ (f ! mon>*y ( ,spa91 & )draw+1 entirely1 _! allegiance to t cr[n4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #aie4 ,nam+ ! cases & numb]s ( a n\n 9 _! ord] is call$ decl9+ x4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,! embody+ !m is1 !re=e1 only collect+ su* compon5t p>ts ( words4--,t[n's ,analysis1 p4 #d4 ,! "o is ! voice he>d at ,*ri/'s be+ baptiz$2 ! o!r1 at 8 be+ transfigur$4--,b>clays ,works1 i1 #bfg4 ,und]/&+ ! lit]al s5se w\ld n h prev5t$ _! condemn+ ! guiltless4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #afh4 ,z if ?is 7 tak+ ! execution ( ju/ice out ( ! h& ( ,god1 & giv+ x to nature4--,ib41 p4 #aid4 ,!y w say1 y mu/ conceal ?is good op9ion ( y\rself2 :i* yet is all[+ ! ?+1 ?\gh n ! %[+ x4--,%effield's ,works1 ii1 #bdd4 ,s z to signify n only ! do+ an action1 b ! caus+ x to be done4--,pike's ,hebrew ,lexicon1 p4 #ahj4 ,?is1 c]ta9ly1 0 bo? divid+ ! unity ( ,god1 & limit+ 8 imm5sity4--,calv9's ,in/itutes1 ,b4 i1 ,*4 #ac4 ,tones be+ inf9ite 9 numb]1 & v>y+ 9 almo/ e individual1 ! arrang+ !m "u di/9ct heads1 & r$uc+ !m to any fix$ & p]man5t rules1 may be consid]$ z ! la/ ref9em5t 9 language4--,knight1 on ,gr4 ,alph41 p4 #af4 ,! fi]ce ang] ( ! ,"l %all n return1 until he h done x1 & until he h p]=m$ ! int5ts ( 8 he>t4--,j]emiah1 xxx1 #bd4 ,we seek = m h]oic & illu/ri\s de$s1 = m div]sifi$ & surpris+ ev5ts4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cgc4 ,we di/+ui% ! ,g5d]s1 or ! ,male & ,female ,sex1 f\r diff]5t ,ways4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,?us1 * & g1 are ev] h>d4 ,x is !re=e prop] to reta9 ^! s\nds 9 ,hebrew names1 :i* h n be5 mod]nis$1 or *ang$ by public use4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,! ,sub/antive or n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ conceiv$ to subsi/1 or ( :i* we h any notion4--,l9dley ,murray's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #bf4 ,! ,,sub/antive1 or ,,n\n2 be+ ! "n ( any ?+ conceiv$ to subsi/1 or ( :i* we h any notion4--,dr4 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,! ,n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ t exi/s1 or ( :i* we h1 or c =m1 an idea4--,maund]s ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ 9 exi/5ce1 or ( :i* we c =m an idea4--,ib41 p4 #a4 7,see ,false ,syntax "u ,note #g? to ,rule #aj?47 ,! next ?+ to be tak5 ,c>e (1 is to keep him exactly to speak+ ( ,tru?4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #bed4 ,! mat]ial1 vegetable1 & animal _w1 receive ?is influ5ce accord+ to _! sev]al capacities4--,! ,dial1 i1 #ei4 ,& yet1 x is fairly def5sible on ! pr9ciples ( ! s*oolm52 if t c be call$ pr9ciples :i* consi/s m]ely 9 words4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bgd4 ,art ?\ s b>e & full ( wret*$ness1 ,& fe>s to die8 fam9e is 9 ?y *eeks1 ,ne$ & oppression />ve? 9 ?y eyes4--,beaut4 ( ,%ak41 p4 #cag4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,,?ree ,,errors4 ,! silv] age is reckon$ to h comm5c$ on ! dea? ( ,augu/us1 & cont9u$ to ! end ( ,trajan's reign4--,g\ld's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bgg4 ,language is become1 9 mod]n times1 m correct1 inde$1 & accurate4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #fe4 ,x is evid5t1 t words are mo/ agreeable to ! e> :i* are compos$ ( smoo? & liquid s\nds1 :]e !re is a prop] int]mixture ( v[els & consonants4--,ib41 p4 #aba4 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cbe4 ,x w\ld h _h no o!r effect1 b to add a ^w unnecess>ily to ! s5t5ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aid4 ,b z rum\rs arose ( ! judges hav+ be5 corrupt$ by money 9 ?is cause1 ^! gave occasions to mu* popul> clam\r1 & _h ?r[n a heavy odium on ,clu5tius4--,ib41 p4 #bgc4 ,a ,p>ticiple is d]iv$ ( a v]b1 & p>takes ( ! nature bo? ( ! v]b & ! adjective4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ci2 ,e4 ,devis's1 #i4 ,i w h le>n$ my gramm> be=e y le>n y\r's4--,wilbur & ,liv4 ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,!re is no e>?ly object capable ( mak+ su* v>i\s & su* =cible impressions ^u ! human m9d z a complete speak]4--,p]ry's ,dict41 ,pref4 ,x 0 n ! c>ry+ ! bag :i* made ,judas a ?ief & an hirel+4--,s\?4 ,z ! reasonable s\l & fle% is "o man1 s ,god & man is "o ,*ri/4--,a?anasian ,cre$4 ,& ,i w say to !m :i* 7 n my p1 ,?\ art my p2 & !y %all say1 ,?\ art my ,god4--,hosea1 ii1 #bc4 ,:]e !re is no?+ 9 ! s5se :i* requires ! la/ s\nd to be elevat$ or emphatical1 an easy fall1 suffici5t to %[ t ! s5se is f9i%$1 w be prop]4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bej4 ,ea* p>ty produces words :]e ! lett] a is s\nd$ 9 ! mann] !y cont5d =4--,walk]'s ,dict41 p4 #a4 ,to c\nt5ance p]sons :o are guilty ( bad actions1 is sc>cely "o remove f actually committ+ !m4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bcc4 ',to c\nt5ance p]sons :o are guilty ( bad actions1' is "p ( a s5t5ce1 :i* is ! nom9ative case to ! v]b 'is4'--,ibid4 ,:at is call$ splitt+ ( p>ticles1 or sep>at+ a preposition f ! n\n :i* x gov]ns1 is always to be avoid$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aab2 ,jamieson's1 #ic4 ,see ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cai4 ,!re is1 prop]ly1 no m ?an "o pause or re/ 9 ! s5t5ce1 fall+ betwixt ! two memb]s into :i* x is divid$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abe2 ,jamieson's1 #abf2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cbi4 ,go+ b>efoot does n at all help on ! way to heav54--,/eele1 ,spect41 ,no4 #dig4 ,!re is no ,body b condemns ?is 9 o!rs1 ?\gh !y ov]look x 9 !mselves4--,locke1 on ,ed41 #ade4 ,9 ! same s5t5ce1 be c>eful n to use ! same ^w too frequ5tly1 nor 9 diff]5t s5ses4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bif4 ,no?+ c\ld h made h] s unhappy1 z m>ry+ a man :o possess$ su* pr9ciples4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bjj4 ,a w>like1 v>i\s1 & a tragical age is be/ to write (1 b wor/ to write 94--,c[ley's ,pref41 p4 vi4 ,:5 ?\ in/ances ,pet] 8 baptiz+ ,cornelius4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ahh4 ,to introduce two or m lead+ ?\ghts or ag5ts1 :i* h no natural relation to1 or dep5d5ce on "o ano!r4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cac4 ,animals1 aga91 are fitt$ to "o ano!r1 & to ! elem5ts :]e !y live1 & to :i* !y are z app5dices4--,ibid4 ,?is melody1 or v>y+ ! s\nd ( ea* ^w s (t51 is a pro( ( no?+1 h[ev]1 b ( ! f9e e> ( t p4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #e4 ,!y c ea* 9 _! turns be made use ( ^u occasion4--,duncan's ,logic1 p4 #aia4 ,9 ?is reign liv$ ! poet ,*auc]1 :o1 ) ,g[]1 are ! fir/ au?ors :o c prop]ly be said to h writt5 ,engli%4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #add4 ,9 ! translat+ ^! k9d ( expressions1 consid] ! ,,x ,,is1 z if x 7 !y1 or !y are4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #agi4 ,! *9 has an important (fice to p]=m2 = ^u its activity we ei!r disclose a polite or vulg> pronunciation4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bg4 ,= no o!r reason1 b 8 be+ f\nd 9 bad company4--,web/]'s ,am]4 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #if4 ,x is usual to comp>e !m 9 ! same mann] z ,polisyllables4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,! inf9itive mood is recognis$ easi] ?an any o!rs1 because ! preposition to prec$es x4--,bucke's ,gram41 p1 #ie4 ,prepositions1 y recollect1 connect words z well z conjunctions3 h[1 !n1 c y tell ! "o f ! o!r8--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,no k9d ( "w requires s nice a t\*1 ,& if well f9i%'d1 no?+ %9es s mu* --,%effield1 ,duke ( ,buck4 ,,lesson ,,xvi--,,?ree ,,errors4 ,x is ! f9al pause :i* alone1 on _m occasions1 m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 prose & v]se2 :i* w be evid5t f ! foll[+ arrangem5t ( a few poetical l9es4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bfj4 ,i %all d all ,i c to p]suade o!rs to take ! same measures = _! cure :i* ,i h4--,,gu>dian3 see ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjg4 ,i %all d all ,i c1 to p]suade o!rs to take ! same measures = _! cure :i* ,i h tak54--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bae4 ,x is ! nature ( extreme self-lov]s1 z !y w set an h\se on fire1 & or an x 7 b to roa/ _! eggs4--,ld4 ,bacon4 ,did ev] man /ruggle m e>ne/ly 9 a cause :]e bo? 8 hon\r & life are conc]n$8--,duncan's ,cic]o1 p4 #ae4 ,s ! re/s & pauses1 betwe5 s5t5ces & _! p>ts1 are m>k$ by po9ts4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,yet ! case & mode is n influ5c$ by !m1 b det]m9$ by ! nature ( ! s5t5ce4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,by n att5d+ to ?is rule1 _m errors h be5 committ$3 a numb] ( :i* is subjo9$1 z a fur!r caution & direction to ! le>n]4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aad4 ,?\gh ?\ clo!/ ?yself ) crimson1 ?\gh ?\ decke/ !e ) ornam5ts ( gold1 ?\gh ?\ r5te/ ?y face ) pa9t+1 9 va9 %alt ?\ make ?yself fair4--,j]emiah1 iv1 #cj4 ,b t ! do+ good to o!rs w make u happy1 is n s evid5t2 fe$+ ! hungry1 = example1 or clo?+ ! nak$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #afa4 ,!re is no o!r ,god b him1 no o!r light b 84--,william ,p5n4 ,h[ little reason to wond]1 t a p]fect & accompli%$ orator1 %\ld be "o ( ! *>act]s t is mo/ r>ely f\nd8--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccg4 ,because !y nei!r express do+ nor receiv+ an action4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,to f9d ! answ]s1 w require an ef=t ( m9d1 & :5 giv51 w be ! result ( reflection1 %[+ t ! subject is und]/ood4--,ib41 p4 vii4 ,to say1 t '! sun rises1' is trite & common2 b x becomes a magnific5t image :5 express$ z ,mr4 ,?omson has done4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acg4 ,! decl9+ a ^w is ! giv+ x diff]5t end+s4--,w>e's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,& s mu* are !y = e "o's foll[+ _! own m9d4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #dfb4 ,m ?an "o ov]ture = a peace 0 made1 b ,cleon prev5t$ _! tak+ effect4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #aba4 ,nei!r 9 ,engli% or 9 any o!r language is ?is ^w1 & t :i* corresponds to x 9 o!r languages1 any m an article1 ?an two1 ?ree1 f\r4--,,dr4 ,,web/]3 ,knick]bock] ( #ahcf4 ,b ! mo/ irksome conv]sation ( all o!rs ,i h met )9 ! neighb\rhood1 has be5 among two or ?ree ( y\r travell]s4--,spect41 ,no4 #dgd4 ,set d[n ! two fir/ t]ms ( supposition "u ea* o!r 9 ! fir/ place4--,smiley's ,ari?metic1 p4 #gi4 ,x is an useful rule too1 to fix our eye on "s ( ! mo/ di/ant p]sons 9 ! assembly4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbh4 ,he w g5]ally please mo/1 :5 pleas+ is n 8 sole nor *ief aim4--,ib41 p4 #ccf4 ,at l5g?1 ! consuls return to ! camp1 & in=m !m !y c\ld receive no o!r t]ms b t ( surr5d]+ _! arms1 & pass+ "u ! yoke4--,ib41 p4 #cfj4 ,nor is mank9d s mu* to blame1 9 8 *oice ?us det]m9+ him4--,,swift3 ,crombie's ,treatise1 p #cfj4 ,^! =ms are :at is call$ ,numb]4--,fosdick's ,de ,sacy1 p4 #fb4 ,9 languages :i* admit b two ,g5d]s1 all ,n\ns are ei!r ,mascul9e or ,fem99e1 ev5 ?\gh !y designate be+s :i* are nei!r male or female4--,ib41 p4 #ff4 ,x is call$ a ,v]b or ,^w by way ( em95ce1 because x is ! mo/ ess5tial ^w 9 a s5t5ce1 )\t :i* ! o!r p>ts ( spee* c =m no complete s5se4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,! s5t5ce w consi/ ( two memb]s1 :i* are commonly sep>at$ f "o ano!r by a comma4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #g4 ,l\d & s(t 9 speak+1 is l ! =t & piano 9 music1 x only ref]s to ! diff]5t degrees ( =ce us$ 9 ! same key2 :]eas high & l[ imply a *ange ( key4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #aaf4 ,!y are *iefly ?ree3 ! acquisition ( k2 ! assi/+ ! memory to treasure up ?is k2 or ! communicat+ x to o!rs4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,^! k9d ( knaves ,i "k1 :i* 9 ?is pla9ness1 ,h>b\r m craft1 & m corrupt] ends1 ,?an tw5ty silly duck+ obs]vants4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bfa4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,,_m ,,errors4 ,a man w be =giv51 ev5 great errors1 9 a =eign language2 b 9 8 own1 ev5 ! lea/ slips are ju/ly laid hold (1 & ridicul$4--,am]ican ,*e/]field1 p #hc4 ,let does n only express p]mission2 b pray+1 exhort+1 comm&+4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,let1 n only expresses p]mission1 b entreat+1 exhort+1 comm&+4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #hh2 ,+]soll's1 #ace4 ,t dea? :i* is our leav+ ?is _w1 is no?+ else b putt+ (f ^! bodies4--,%]lock4 ,!y diff] f ! sa9ts record$ bo? 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4--,newton4 ,! nature !re=e ( relation consi/s 9 ! ref]r+ or comp>+ two ?+s "o to ano!r2 f :i* comp>ison1 "o or bo? comes to be d5om9at$--,locke's ,essay1 i1 #bbj4 ,x is n cr$ible1 t !re ha? be5 any "o :o ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( _! lives w say1 t !y h kept !mselves undefil$ ) ! lea/ spot or /a9 ( s94--,witsius4 ,if act+ con=mably to ! w ( our ,creator2--if promot+ ! welf>e ( mank9d ar\nd u2--if secur+ our own happ9ess2--are objects ( ! highe/ mom5t3--!n we are l\dly call$ ^u to cultivate & ext5d ! great int]e/s ( religion & virtue--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bgh2 ,comly's1 #afc2 ,+]soll's1 #bia4 ,by ! v]b be+ 9 ! plural numb]1 x is suppos$ t x has a plural nom9ative1 :i* is n ! case4 ,! only nom9ative to ! v]b1 is1 ! (fic]3 ! expression 8 gu>d1 are 9 ! objective case1 gov]n$ by ! preposition )2 & !y _c consequ5tly =m ! nom9ative1 or any "p ( x4 ,! prom95t subject1 & ! true nom9ative ( ! v]b1 & to :i* ! v]b peculi>ly ref]s1 is ! (fic]4--,murray's ,p>s+1 ,cr4 #hvo1 ii1 #bb4 ,?is is ano!r use1 t1 9 my op9ion1 contributes r to make a man le>n$ ?an wise2 & is nei!r capable ( pleas+ ! und]/&+1 or imag9ation4--,,addison3 ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cec4 ,! "w is a dull p]=mance2 & is capable ( pleas+ nei!r ! und]/&+1 nor ! imag9ation4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #baj4 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! ,elem5ts ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 by ,mr4 ,fro/4 ,its plan is aft] ,murray1 b 8 def9itions & language is simplifi$ z f> z ! nature ( ! subject w admit1 to meet ! und]/&+ ( *ildr54 ,x also embraces m copi\s examples & ex]cises 9 ,p>s+ ?an is usual 9 elem5t>y treatises4--,hall's ,lectures on ,s*ool-,keep+1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #cg4 ,m ra9 falls 9 ! fir/ two summ] mon?s1 ?an 9 ! fir/ two w9t] ones3 b x makes a mu* great] %[ ^u ! e>?1 9 ^! ?an 9 ^?2 because !re is a mu* sl[] evaporation4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #ahi4 ,see ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,!y (t5 contribute also to ! r5d]+ "s p]sons prosp]\s ?\gh wick$3 &1 :i* is /ill worse1 to ! rew>d+ "s actions ?\gh vici\s1 & puni%+ o!r actions ?\gh virtu\s4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #ib4 ,f h5ce1 to su* a man1 arises naturally a secret satisfaction & s5se ( security1 & implicit hope ( some:at fur!r4--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,s mu* = ! ?ird & la/ cause ( illusion t 0 tak5 notice (1 aris+ f ! abuse ( v g5]al & ab/ract t]ms1 :i* is ! pr9cipal s\rce ( all ! nons5se t ha? be5 v5t$ by metaphysicians1 my/agogues1 & !ologians4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #big4 ,z to ^? animals ^: use is less common1 or :o on acc\nt ( ! places :i* !y inhabit1 fall less "u our obs]vation1 z fi%es & birds1 or :om _! dim9utive size removes /ill fur!r f our obs]vation1 we g5]ally1 9 ,engli%1 employ a s+le ,n\n to designate bo? ,g5d]s1 ,mascul9e & ,fem99e4--,fosdick's ,de ,sacy1 p4 #fg4 ,adjectives may always be di/+ui%$ by _! be+ ! ^w1 or words1 made use ( to describe ! quality1 or condition1 ( :atev] is m5tion$4--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,adv]b signifies a ^w add$ to a v]b1 p>ticiple1 adjective1 or o!r adv]b1 to describe or qualify _! qualities4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,! jo9+ toge!r two su* gr& objects1 & ! repres5t+ !m bo? z subject1 at "o mom5t1 to ! comm& ( ,god1 produces a noble effect4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cg4 ,twi/$ columns1 = in/ance1 are und\bt$ly ornam5tal2 b z !y h an appe>ance ( weakness1 !y always displease :5 !y are made use ( to support any "p ( a build+ t is massy1 & t seems to require a m sub/antial prop4--,ib41 p4 #dj4 ,^u a va/ numb] ( inscriptions1 "s ^u rocks1 "s ^u /ones ( a def9$ %ape1 is f\nd an ,alphabet diff]5t f ! ,greeks1 ,lat9s1 & ,hebrews1 & also unlike t ( any mod]n nation4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #agf4 ,,lesson ,,xviii--,,_m ,,errors4 ',! empire ( ,blefuscu is an isl& situat$ to ! nor!a/ side ( ,lilliput1 f :5ce x is p>t$ only by a *annel ( #hjj y>ds wide4' ,gulliv]'s ,travels4 ,! ambiguity may be remov$ ?us3--'f :5ce x is p>t$ by a *annel ( #hjj y>ds wide only4'--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #dd4 ,! nom9ative case is usually ! ag5t or do]1 & always ! subject ( ! v]b4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,!re is an orig9ality1 ri*ness1 & v>iety 9 8 ,sp5s]'s allegorical p]sonages1 :i* almo/ vies ) ! spl5dor ( ! anci5t my?ology4--,hazlitt's ,lect41 p4 #fh4 ,z nei!r ! ,jewi% nor ,*ri/ian revelation h be5 univ]sal1 & z !y h be5 af=d$ to a great] or less "p ( ! _w at diff]5t times2 s likewise1 at diff]5t times1 bo? revelations h _h diff]5t degrees ( evid5ce4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #baj4 ,?us we see1 t kill+ a man ) a sword or a hat*et1 are look$ ^u z no di/9ct species ( action3 b if ! po9t ( ! sword fir/ ent] ! body1 x passes = a di/9ct species1 call$ /abb+4--,locke's ,essay1 p4 #cad4 ,if a s\l s91 & commit a trespass aga9/ ! ,"l1 & lie unto 8 neighb\r 9 t :i* 0 deliv]$ him to keep1 or ha? deceiv$ 8 neighb\r1 or h f\nd t :i* 0 lo/1 & lie? conc]n+ x1 & swe>e? falsely2 9 any ( all ^! t a man doe?1 s9n+ !re91 !n x %all be1 c4--,lev41 vi1 #b4 ,z ! do+ & tea*+ ! comm&m5ts ( ,god is ! great pro( ( virtue1 s ! break+ !m1 & ! tea*+ o!rs to break !m1 is ! great pro( ( vice4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #bha4 ,9 ,pope's t]rific maltreatm5t ( ! latt] simile1 x is nei!r true to m9d or eye4--,col]idge's ,introd41 p4 #ad4 ,& ! two bro!rs 7 se51 transport$ ) rage & fury1 endeav\r+ l ,eteocles & ,polynices to plunge _! swords into ea* o!r's he>ts1 & to assure !mselves ( ! ?rone by ! dea? ( _! rival4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 i1 #agf4 ,is x n pla91 !re=e1 t nei!r ! ca/le1 ! planet1 nor ! cl\d1 :i* y see "h1 are ^? real ones1 :i* y suppose exi/ at a di/ance8--,b]kley's ,alciphron1 p #aff4 ,i h (t5 wond]$ h[ x comes to pass1 t e ,body %\ld love !mselves be/1 & yet value _! neighb\rs ,op9ion ab\t !mselves m ?an _! own4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #bbf4 ,,virtue 7,greek3 ,aretahe1 ,virtus7 z well z mo/ ( its ,species1 are all ,fem99e1 p]haps f _! ,beauty & amiable appe>ance4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ee4 ,virtue1 ) mo/ ( its ,species1 are all ,fem99e1 f _! ,beauty & amiable ,appe>ance2 & s ,vice becomes ,fem99e ( ,c\rse1 z be+ ,virtue's natural opposite4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,virtue1 ) mo/ ( its ,species1 is ,fem99e1 & s is ,vice1 = be+ ,virtue's opposite4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,f ?is d$uction1 may be easily se5 h[ x comes to pass1 t p]sonification makes s great a figure 9 all compositions1 :]e imag9ation or passion h any conc]n4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aee4 ,an ,article is a ^w prefix$ to a sub/antive to po9t !m out1 & to %[ h[ f> _! signification ext5ds4--,folk]'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,all m5 h c]ta9 natural1 ess5tial1 & inh]5t rights--among :i* are1 ! enjoy+ & def5d+ life & lib]ty2 acquir+1 possess+1 & protect+ prop]ty2 &1 9 a ^w1 ( seek+ & obta9+ happ9ess4--,con/itution ( ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,f ,gramm>ians :o =m _! ideas1 & make _! decisions1 respect+ ?is "p ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 on ! pr9ciples & con/ruction ( languages1 :i*1 9 ^! po9ts1 d n suit ! peculi> nature ( our own1 b diff] consid]ably f x1 we may naturally expect grammatical s*emes t are n v p]spicu\s1 or p]fectly consi/5t1 & :i* w t5d m to p]plex ?an in=m ! le>n]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fh2 ,hall's1 #ae4 ,!re are1 inde$1 v few :o "k h[ to be idle & innoc5t1 or h a reli% ( any pleasures t are n crim9al2 e div]sion !y take1 is at ! exp5se ( "s "o virtue or ano!r1 & _! v fir/ /ep out ( bus9ess is into vice or folly4--,,addison3 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bja4ddd ,hail1 holy love6 ?\ ^w t sums all bliss6 ,gives & receives all bliss3 fulle/ :5 mo/ ,?\ give/2 spr+-head ( all felicity6 --,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 ,b4 v1 #a1 #aic4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4--,,g5]al ,,rule4 ,! foll[+ compreh5sive canon = ! correction ( all sorts ( nondescript errors 9 syntax1 & ! sev]al critical or g5]al notes "u x1 seem necess>y = ! completion ( my design2 :i* is1 to furni% a ?or\gh exposition ( ! v>i\s faults aga9/ :i* ! /ud5t ( ,engli% gramm> has occasion to be put ^u 8 gu>d4 ,,g5]al ,,rule ,,( ,,syntax4 ,9 ! =mation ( s5t5ces1 ! consi/5cy & adaptation ( all ! words %\ld be c>efully obs]v$2 & a regul>1 cle>1 & correspond5t con/ruction %\ld be pres]v$ ?r\gh\t4 ,,critical ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,g5]al ,,rule4 ,,critical ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,words t may con/itute diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 mu/ n be left d\btful z to _! classification1 or to :at "p ( spee* !y belong4 ,,critical ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,d\btful ,,ref]5ce4 ,! ref]5ce ( words to o!r words1 or _! syntactical relation accord+ to ! s5se1 %\ld nev] be left d\btful1 by any "o :o means to be und]/ood4 ,,critical ,,note ,,iii4--,,( ,,def9itions4 ,a def9ition1 9 ord] to be p]fect1 mu/ include ! :ole ?+1 or class ( ?+s1 :i* x pret5ds to def9e1 & exclude e ?+ :i* comes n "u ! "n4 ,,critical ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,comp>isons4 ,a comp>ison is a =m ( spee* :i* requires "s simil>ity or common prop]ty 9 ! ?+s comp>$2 )\t :i*1 x becomes a solecism4 ,,critical ,,note ,v4--,,( ,,falsities4 ,s5t5ces t convey a mean+ manife/ly false1 %\ld be *ang$1 reject$1 or contradict$2 because !y di/ort language f its *ief end1 or only wor?y use2 :i* is1 to /ate facts1 & to tell ! tru?4 ,,critical ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,absurdities4 ,absurdities1 ( e k9d1 are contr>y to gramm>1 because !y are contr>y to reason1 or good s5se1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( gramm>4 ,,critical ,,note ,,vii4--,,( ,,self-,,contradiction4 ,e writ] or speak] %\ld be c>eful n to contradict himself2 = :at is self-contradictory1 is bo? null 9 argum5t1 & bad 9 /yle4 ,,critical ,,note ,,viii4--,,( ,,s5seless ,,jumbl+4 ,to jumble toge!r words )\t c>e = ! s5se1 is an unp>donable neglig5ce1 & an abuse ( ! human und]/&+4 ,,critical ,,note ,,ix4--,,( ,,words ,,ne$less4 ,words t are entirely ne$less1 & especially su* z injure or encumb] ! expression1 ought 9 g5]al to be omitt$4 ,,critical ,,note ,x4--,,( ,,improp] ,,omissions4 ,words necess>y to ! s5se1 or ev5 to ! melody or beauty ( a s5t5ce1 ought seldom1 if ev]1 to be omitt$4 ,,critical ,,note ,,xi4--,,( ,,lit]>y ,,blund]s4 ,grave blund]s made 9 ! "n ( le>n+1 are ! /ronge/ ( all c]tificates aga9/ ! books :i* conta9 !m unreprov$4 ,,critical ,,note ,,xii4--,,( ,,p]v]sions4 ,pro(-texts 9 gramm>1 if n 9 all argum5t1 %\ld be quot$ lit]ally2 & ev5 t :i* ne$s to be correct$1 mu/ nev] be p]v]t$4 ,,critical ,,note ,,xiii4--,,( ,,awkw>dness4 ,awkw>dness1 or inelegance ( expression1 is a repreh5sible defect 9 /yle1 :e!r x violate any ( ! common rules ( syntax or n4 ,,critical ,,note ,,xiv4--,,( ,,ignorance4 ,any use ( words t implies ignorance ( _! mean+1 or ( _! prop] or?ography1 is p>ticul>ly uns*ol>like2 &1 9 proportion to ! au?or's pret5sions to le>n+1 disgraceful4 ,,critical ,,note ,,xv4--,,( ,,sill9ess4 ,silly rem>ks & idle truisms are traits ( a feeble /yle1 &1 :5 _! weakness is positive1 or inh]5t1 !y ought to be entirely omitt$4 ,,critical ,,note ,,xvi4--,,( ,,! ,,incorrigible4 ,passages too errone\s = correction1 may be criticis$1 orally or o!rwise1 & !n pass$ ov] )\t any attempt to am5d !m4#dde ,,g5]al ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,! ,,syntax4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 ! =ego+ code ( syntax1 ! au?or has tak5 ! p>ts ( spee* 9 _! ord]1 & compris$ all ! g5]al pr9ciples ( relation1 agreem5t1 & gov]nm5t1 9 tw5ty-f\r lead+ ,rules4 ,( ^! rules1 eight--7namely1 ! #a/1 ( ,articles2 ! #d?1 ( ,possessives2 ! #i?1 ( ,adjectives2 ! #bj?1 ( ,p>ticiples2 ! #ba/1 ( ,adv]bs2 ! #bb;d1 ( ,conjunctions2 ! #bc;d1 ( ,prepositions2 & ! #bd?1 ( ,int]jections--7 are us$ only 9 p>s+4 ,! rema9+ sixte51 because !y embrace pr9ciples t are sometimes violat$ 9 practice1 answ] ! d\ble purpose ( p>s+ & correct+4 ,! ,exceptions1 ( :i* !re are ?irty-two1 7all occasionally applicable 9 p>s+17 belong to n9e diff]5t rules1 & ref] to all ! p>ts ( spee*1 except n\ns & int]jections4 ,! ,notes1 ( :i* !re are "o hundr$ & fifty-two1 are subord9ate rules ( syntax1 n design$ to be us$ 9 p>s+1 b =m$ = ! exposition & correction ( s _m diff]5t =ms ( false gramm>4 ,! ,obs]vations1 ( :i* !re are1 9 ?is "p ( ! "w1 )\t ! pres5t s]ies1 f\r hundr$ & n9ety-sev51 are design$ n only to def5d & confirm ! doctr9es adopt$ by ! au?or1 b to expla9 ! arrangem5t ( words1 & :atev] is difficult or peculi> 9 con/ruction4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! rules 9 a sy/em ( syntax may be m or less compreh5sive1 z well z m or less simple or complex2 consequ5tly !y may1 )\t defici5cy or r$undance1 be m or less num]\s4 ,b ei!r complexity or vagu5ess1 z well z r$undance or defici5cy1 is a fault2 &1 :5 all ^! faults are prop]ly avoid$1 & ! two great ends ( me?odical syntax1 p>s+ & correct+1 are duly answ]$1 p]haps ! requisite numb] ( syntactical rules1 or grammatical canons1 w no long] appe> v indet]m9ate4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( ,engli% syntax are suppos$ to be pretty fully develop$2 b !re are yet to be exhibit$ "s =ms ( error1 :i* mu/ be correct$ "u o!r heads or maxims1 & = ! treatm5t ( :i* ! sev]al dogmas ( ?is *apt] are add$4 ,complet5ess 9 ! sy/em1 h[ev]1 does n imply t x mu/ h %[n ! pupil h[ to correct e =m ( language t is amiss3 = !re may be 9 composition _m errors ( su* a nature t no rule ( gramm> c %[1 ei!r :at %\ld be sub/itut$ = ! faulty expression1 or :at fa%ion ( am5dm5t may be ! mo/ eligible4 ,! inaccuracy may be gross & obvi\s1 b ! correction difficult or impossible4 ,because ! s5t5ce may require a *ange ?r\gh\t2 & a total *ange is n prop]ly a correction2 x is a sub/itution ( some?+ new1 = :at 01 p]haps1 9 itself incorrigible4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! notes :i* are above d5om9at$ ,critical or ,g5]al1 are n all ( !m obvi\sly diff]5t 9 k9d f ! o!r notes2 b !y all are su* z c\ld n well h be5 plac$ 9 any ( ! e>li] *apt]s ( ! book4 ,! ,g5]al ,rule ( ,syntax1 s9ce x is n a canon to be us$ 9 p>s+1 b "o t is to be appli$ only 9 ! correct+ ( false syntax1 might seem p]haps to belong r to ?is ord] ( notes2 b ,i h *os5 to treat x ) "s peculi> di/9ction1 because x is n only m compreh5sive ?an any o!r rule or note1 b is 9 "o respect m important2 x is ! rule :i* w be cit$ = ! correction ( ! greate/ numb] & v>iety ( errors4 ,be+ design$ to meet e possible =m ( inaccuracy 9 ! m]e con/ruction ( s5t5ces1--or1 at lea/1 e corrigible solecism by :i* any pr9ciple ( syntax c be violat$1--x necess>ily includes almo/ all ! o!r rules & notes4 ,x is too broad to convey v def9ite in/ruction1 & !re=e ought n 9 g5]al to be appli$ :]e a m p>ticul> rule or note is cle>ly applicable4 ,a few examples1 n prop]ly fitt+ "u any o!r head1 w s]ve to %[ its use & application3 su* examples are giv51 9 great abundance1 9 ! false syntax bel[4 ,if1 9 "s ( ! in/ances select$1 ?is rule is appli$ to faults t might z well h be5 correct$ by "s o!r1 ! *oice1 9 su* cases1 is deem$ ( little or no importance4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! imp]fection ( anci5t writ+1 especially 9 reg>d to division & punctuation1 has left ! syntactical relation ( words1 & also ! s5se ( passages1 9 no few in/ances1 unc]ta92 & has consequ5tly made1 :]e ! text has be5 ?\ght wor?y ( x1 an abundance ( difficult "w = translators1 critics1 & comm5tators4 ,rules ( gramm>1 n[ made & obs]v$1 z !y ought to be1 may free ! compositions ( ?is1 or a future age1 f simil> emb>rassm5ts2 & x is bo? j & useful1 to te/ our au?ors by !m1 criticis+ or correct+ _! kn[n blund]s accord+ to ! pres5t rules ( accurate writ+4 ,b ! read]s & exp\nd]s ( :at has come to u f remote "t1 c be rightly guid$ only by su* pr9ciples & facts z h ! /amp ( cr$itable antiquity4 ,h5ce !re are1 und\bt$ly1 9 books1 "s errors & defects :i* h outliv$ ! "t 9 :i*1 & ! au?ority b :i*1 !y might h be5 correct$4 ,z we h no "r to make a man say t :i* he himself nev] said or int5d$ to say1 s we h 9 fact none to fix a positive mean+ ^u 8 language1 )\t kn[+ = a c]ta9ty :at he meant by x4 ,reason1 or good s5se1 :i*1 z ,i h sugge/$1 is ! f\ndation ( gramm> & ( all good writ+1 is inde$ a p]petual z well z a univ]sal pr9ciple2 b1 s9ce ! ex]cises ( our reason mu/1 f ! v nature ( ! faculty1 be limit$ to :at we "k & und]/&1 we are n compet5t to ! positive correction1 or to ! sure translation1 ( :at is obscure & disputable 9 ! /&>d books ( antiquity4 ,,obs4 #e4--,let me cite an example3 ,= all ?is ,i consid]$ 9 my he>t1 ev5 to decl>e all ?is1 t ! righte\s1 & ! wise1 & _! works1 are 9 ! h& ( ,god3 no man kn[e? ei!r love or hatr$ by all t is be=e !m4 ,all ?+s come alike to all4-- ,ecclesia/es1 ix1 #a4 ,"h is1 d\btless1 "o error :i* any ,engli% s*ol> may po9t out or correct4 ,! pron\n !m %\ld be him1 because its int5d$ antec$5t appe>s to be man1 & n ! righte\s & ! wise1 go+ be=e4 ,b are !re n o!r faults 9 ! v]sion8 ,! common ,fr5* ,bible1 9 ?is place1 has ! foll[+ import3 ,surely ,i h appli$ my he>t to all t1 & to unfold all ?is2 to wit1 t ! righte\s & ! wise1 & _! actions1 are 9 ! h& ( ,god & love & hatr$2 & t m5 "k no?+ ( all t :i* is be=e !m4 ,all happ5s equally to all4 ,! ,lat9 ,vulgate gives ?is s5se3 ,all ^! ?+s h ,i consid]$ 9 my he>t1 t ,i might und]/& !m accurately3 ! righte\s & ! wise1 & _! works1 are 9 ! h& ( ,god2 & yet man do? n "k1 :e!r by love or by hatr$ lie may be wor?y3 b all ?+s 9 ! future are kept unc]ta91 s t all may happ5 alike to ! righte\s man & to ! wick$4 ,9 ! ,greek ( ! ,septuag9t1 ! introductory memb]s ( ?is passage are left at ! end ( ! prec$+ *apt]1 & are lit]ally ?us3 t all ?is ,i receiv$ into my he>t1 & my he>t und]/ood all ?is4 ,! re/1 comm5c+ a new *apt]1 is z foll[s3 ,= ! righte\s & ! wise & _! works are 9 ! h& ( ,god1 & inde$ bo? love & hatr$ man kn[e? n3 all ?+s be=e _! face are vanity to all4 ,n[1 :i* ( ^! sev]al read+s is ! ne>e/ to :at ,solomon meant by ! orig9al text1 or :i* is ! f>!/ f x1 & !re=e ! mo/ faulty1 ,i leave x to m5 m le>n$ ?an myself to decide2 b1 c]ta9ly1 !re is no inspir$ au?ority 9 any ( !m1 b 9 s f> z !y convey ! s5se :i* he really int5d$4 ,& if 8 mean+ _h n be51 by "s imp]fection 9 ! olde/ expression we h ( x1 obscur$ & p>tly lo/1 !re c\ld be nei!r cause nor excuse = ^! discrepancies4 ,i say ?is ) no will+ness to depreciate ! g5]al au?ority ( ! ,holy ,scriptures1 :i* are = ! mo/ "p cle> 9 _! import1 & v ably translat$ into ,engli%1 z well z into o!r languages4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,! ,,g5]al ,,rule4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,articles4 7#a47 ,an article is a "p ( spee* plac$ be=e n\ns4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! article an is "h inconsi/5t ) ! t]m "p ( spee*2 = ! text decl>es "o ?+ ( a k9d to be ! :ole k9d4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,g5]al ,rule ( ,syntax1 ,9 ! =mation ( s5t5ces1 ! consi/5cy & adaptation ( all ! words %\ld be c>efully obs]v$2 & a regul>1 cle>1 & correspond5t con/ruction %\ld be pres]v$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! s5t5ce may be correct$ 9 two ways1 ?us3 ,! article is a "p ( spee* plac$ be=e n\ns2--or bett]1 ,an article is a ^w plac$ be=e n\ns4 #ddf 7#b47 ,an article is a "p ( spee* us$ to limit n\ns4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 7#c47 ,an article is a "p ( spee* set be=e n\ns to fix _! vague ,signification4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #ah4 7#d47 ,an adjective is a "p ( spee* us$ to describe a n\n4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 7#e47 ,a pron\n is a "p ( spee* us$ in/ead ( a n\n4--,ibid42 & ,weld's ,gram41 pp4 #cj & #ej2 ,abridg41 pp4 #bi & #df4 7#f47 ,a ,pron\n is a ,"p ( ,spee* :i* is (t5 us$ in/ead ( a ,n\n ,sub/antive common1 & supplies ! ,want ( a ,n\n prop]4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ajb2 ,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #bi4 7#g47 ,a v]b is a "p ( spee*1 :i* signifies to be1 to d1 or to be act$ ^u--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ag4 7#h47 ,a v]b is a "p ( spee*1 :i* signifies to be1 to act1 or to receive an action4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 7#i47 ,a v]b is a "p ( spee* by :i* any ?+ is ass]t$4--,weld's ,gram1 p4 #ej2 ,abridg41 #df & #eh4 7#aj47 ,a v]b is a "p ( spee* :i* expresses action1 or exi/5ce1 9 a direct mann]4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 7#aa47 ,a p>ticiple is a "p ( spee* d]iv$ f a v]b1 & expresses action or exi/5ce 9 an indirect mann]4--,ibid4 7#ab47 ,a ,p>ticiple is a ,"p ( ,spee* d]iv$ f a ,v]b1 & d5otes be+1 do+1 or suff]+1 & implies ,"t1 z a ,v]b does4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #aci2 ,bu*anan's1 p4 #df4 ,an adv]b is a "p ( spee* us$ to add to ! mean+ ( v]bs1 adjectives1 & p>ticiples4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 7#ad47 ,an adv]b is an indecl9able "p ( spee*1 add$ to a v]b1 adjective1 or o!r adv]b1 to express "s circum/ance1 quality1 or mann] ( _! signification4-- ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #adb2 ,g\ld's1 #adg4 7#ae47 ,an ,adv]b is a "p ( spee* jo9$ to a v]b1 an ,adjective1 a ,p>ticiple1 & sometimes to ano!r ,adv]b1 to express ! quality or circum/ance ( x4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #dg1 7#af47 ,an ,adv]b is a "p ( spee* jo9$ to a ,v]b1 ,adjective1 ,p>ticiple1 & sometimes to ano!r ,adv]b1 to express "s circum/ances respect+ x4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #bc4 7#ag47 ,an ,adv]b is a ,"p ( ,spee* :i* is jo9$ to a ,v]b1 ,adjective1 ,p>ticiple1 or to ano!r ,adv]b to express "s ,modification1 or ,circum/ance1 ,quality1 or ,mann] ( _! ,signification4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 7#ah47 ,an ,adv]b is a "p ( spee* add$ to a ,v]b 7:5ce ! "n71 & sometimes ev5 to ano!r ^w4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 7#ai47 ,a conjunction is a "p ( spee* us$ to connect words & s5t5ces4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #bj2 ,weld's1 #ea4 7#bj47 ,a ,conjunction is a "p ( spee* t jo9s words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #dc4 7#ba47 ,a ,conjunction is t "p ( spee* :i* connect s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces or s+le words4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#bb47 ,a ,conjunction is a "p ( spee*1 t is us$ pr9cipally to connect s5t5ces1 s z1 out ( two1 ?ree1 or m1 s5t5ces1 to make "o4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #bh4 7#bc47 ,a ,conjunction is a "p ( spee* t is *iefly us$ to connect s5t5ces1 jo9+ two or m simple s5t5ces into "o comp\nd s5t5ce3 x sometimes connects only words4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 7#bd47 ,a ,conjunction is a ,"p ( ,spee* :i* jo9s ,s5t5ces toge!r1 & %ews ! ,mann] ( _! ,dep5dance ^u "o ano!r4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #afc2 ,bu*anan's1 p4 #fd2 ,e4 ,devis's4 #ajc4 7#be47 ,a preposition is a "p ( ,spee* us$ to %[ ! relation betwe5 o!r words4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 7#bf47 ,a ,preposition is a "p ( spee* :i* s]ves to connect words & %[ ! relation betwe5 !m4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #db4 7#bg47 ,a preposition is a "p ( spee* us$ to connect words & %[ _! relation4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #ea2 ,abridg4 #dg4 7#bh47 ,a preposition is t "p ( spee* :i* %[s ! position ( p]sons or ?+s1 or ! relation t "o n\n or pron\n be>s t[>d ano!r4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 7#bi47 ,a ,preposition is a ,"p ( ,spee*1 :i* be+ add$ to any o!r ,p>ts ( ,spee* s]ves to %ew _! ,/ate1 ,relation or ,ref]5ce to ea* o!r4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #afe2 ,bu*anan's1 p4 #fe4 7#cj47 ,an int]jection is a "p ( spee* us$ to express sudd5 passion or emotion4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 7#ca47 ,an int]jection is a "p ( spee* us$ 9 giv+ utt]ance to "s sudd5 feel+ or emotion4-- ,weld's ,gram41 pp4 #di & #ea2 ,abridg41 #dd & #dg4 7#cb47 ,an ,int]jection is t "p ( spee* :i* d5otes any sudd5 affection or emotion ( ! m9d4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #db4 7#cc7 ,an ,int]jection is a ,"p ( ,spee* ?r[n into disc\rse1 & d5otes "s sudd5 ,passion or ,emotion ( ! ,s\l4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #agb2 ,bu*anan's1 p4 #fg4 7#cd47 ,a sc5e might tempt "s peaceful sage ,to re> him a lone h]mitage4 --,union ,poems1 p4 #hi4 7#ce47 ,n all ! /orms t %ake ! pole ,c e'er di/urb ?y halcyon s\l1 ,& smoo? ?' unalt]$ br[4 --,day's ,gram41 p4 #gh2 ,e4 ,read]1 #bcj4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,n\ns4 ,! ?rones ( e mon>*y felt ! %ock4--,frel+huys54 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! plural n\n ?rones has n a cle> & regul> con/ruction1 adapt$ to ! au?or's mean+4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,g5]al ,rule ( ,syntax1 ,9 ! =mation ( s5t5ces ! consi/5cy & adaptation ( all ! words %\ld be c>efully obs]v$2 & a regul>1 cle>1 & correspond5t con/ruction %\ld be pres]v$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! s5t5ce may be correct$ ?us3 ,! ?rone ( e mon>*y felt ! %ock4 ,^! pr9ciples ought to be deeply impress$ ^u ! m9ds ( e ,am]ican4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #dd4 ,! ^w *ur* & %ire are radically ! same4--,ib41 p4 #bef4 ,!y may n1 9 _! pres5t =m1 be readily accommodat$ to e circum/ance belong+ to ! possessive cases ( n\ns4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ec4 ,w1 9 ! second & ?ird p]son1 only =etels4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,:i* seem to =m ! true di/9ction betwe5 ! subjunctive & ! indicative moods4--,ib41 p4 #bjh4 ,! v g5]al approbation1 :i* ?is p]=mance ( ,walk] has receiv$ f ! public4--,ib41 p4 #bda4 ,le/ %e c>ry h] improvem5ts ?is way too f>4--,,campbell3 ib41 p4 #cga4 ,*>les 0 extravagant1 & by ?is means became poor & despicable4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahi4 ,we %\ld ent]ta9 no prejudices aga9/ simple & ru/ic p]sons4--,ib41 p4 #bje4 ,^! are inde$ ! f\ndations ( all solid m]it4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #age4 ,& 8 embelli%m5t1 by means ( musical cad5ce1 figures1 or o!r p>ts ( spee*4--,ib41 p4 #age4 ,if he is at no pa9s to engage u by ! employm5t ( figures1 musical arrangem5t1 or any o!r art ( writ+4--,ib41 p4 #aha4 ,! mo/ em95t ( ! sacr$ poets are1 ! ,au?or ( ! book ( ,job1 ,david & ,isaiah4--,ib41 p4 #dah4 ,no?+1 9 any poet1 is m beautifully describ$ ?an ! dea? ( old ,priam4--,ib41 p4 #dci4 ,:5 two v[els meet toge!r1 & are s\nd$ at "o brea?1 !y are call$ diph?ongs4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,h[ _m ss w\ld goodness !n end )8 ,?ree4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,birds is a n\n1 ! "n ( a ?+ or creature4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,adam gave names to e liv+ creature4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #e4 ,! /eps ( a /air ought to be accommodat$ to ! human figure4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ccg4 ,nor ought an emblem m ?an a simile to be f\nd$ on l[ or famili> objects4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #ceg4 ,:atev] ! ,lat9 has n f ! ,greek1 x has f ! ,go?4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #dej4 ,! m9t & secret>y ( /ate's (fices are neat build+s4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 iv1 p4 #bff4 ,! sc5es ( dead & /ill life are apt to pall ^u u4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #djg4 ,& ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,duns ,scotus1 ! angelical & ! subtle doctors1 are ! brighte/ />s 9 ! s*ola/ic con/ellation4--,lit]>y ,hi/41 p4 #bdd4 ,! ,engli% language has ?ree me?ods ( di/+ui%+ ! sex4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,+]soll's1 #bg2 ,alg]'s1 #af2 ,bacon's1 #ac2 ,fisk's1 #eh2 ,gre5leaf's1 #ba4 ,! ,engli% language has ?ree me?ods ( di/+ui%+ sex4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,9 ,engli% !re are ! ?ree foll[+ me?ods ( di/+ui%+ sex4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( di/+ui%+ ! sex4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #aj2 ,picket's1 #bf2 ,bullions's1 #aj4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( di/+ui%+ sex4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,g5d] is di/+ui%$ 9 ?ree ways4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,nei!r disc\rse 9 g5]al1 nor poetry 9 p>ticul>1 c be call$ altoge!r imitative arts4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ea4 ,d we = ?is ! gods & consci5ce brave1 ,t "o may rule & make ! re/ a slave8 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #if4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,adjectives4 ,!re is a deal ( m heads1 ?an ei!r he>t or horns4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #bcd4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! adjective m has n a cle> & regul> con/ruction1 adapt$ to ! au?or's mean+4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,g5]al ,rule ( ,syntax1 ,9 ! =mation ( s5t5ces1 ! consi/5cy & adaptation ( all ! words %\ld be c>efully obs]v$2 & a regul>1 cle>1 & correspond5t con/ruction %\ld be pres]v$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! s5t5ce may be correct$ ?us3 ,!re is a deal m ( heads1 ?an ( ei!r he>t or horns4 ,=1 ( all villa9s1 ,i ?9k he has ! wrong "n4--,bunyan's ,p4 ,p41 p4 #hf4 ,( all ! m5 t ,i met 9 my pilgrimage1 he1 ,i ?9k be>s ! wrong "n4--,ib41 p4 #hd4 ,i am surpriz$ to see s mu* ( ! di/ribution1 & te*nical t]ms ( ! ,lat9 gramm>1 reta9$ 9 ! gramm> ( our tongue4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 vi4 ,nor did ! ,duke ( ,burgundy br+ him ! smalle/ assi/ance4--,,hume3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,else he w f9d x difficult to make "o ob/9ate believe him4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bdc4 ,are !re any adjectives :i* =m ! degrees ( comp>ison peculi> to !mselves8--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #df4 ,yet ! v]bs are all ( ! indicative mood4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,! ^w c&idate is 9 ! absolute case4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aee4 ,an ,iambus has ! fir/ syllable unacc5t$1 & ! latt] acc5t$4--,russell's ,gram41 p4 #ajh2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #ahh4 ,a ,dactyl has ! fir/ syllable acc5t$1 & ! two latt] unacc5t$4--,l4 ,murray1 p4 #bec2 ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 #agj2 ,smi?'s1 #ahh2 ,kirkham's1 #bai2 ,guy's1 #abj2 ,blair's1 #aah2 ,m]*ant's1 #afg2 ,russell's1 #aji4 ,x is prop] to beg9 ) a capital ! fir/ ^w ( e book1 *apt]1 lett]1 note1 or any o!r piece ( writ+4--,l4 ,murray1 p4 #bhd2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #aib2 ,+]soll's1 #bie2 ,comly's1 #aff2 ,m]*ant's1 #ad2 ,gre5leaf's1 #db2 ,d4 ,c4 ,all5's1 #he2 ,fisk's1 #aei2 ,bullions's1 #aeh2 ,kirkham's1 #bai2 ,hiley's1 #aai2 ,weld's ,abridg$1 #af2 ,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract41 #af2 ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gr41 #fgd4 ,five & sev5 make twelve1 & "o makes ?irte54--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bbg4 ,i wi% to cultivate a f>!r acqua9tance ) y4--,ib41 p4 #bgb4 ,let u consid] ! prop] means to effect our purpose4--,ib41 p4 #bgf4 ,yet !y are ( su* a simil> nature1 z readily to mix & bl5d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dh4 ,! ,lat9 is =m$ on ! same model1 b m imp]fect4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,i "k v well h[ mu* pa9s h be5 tak54--,sir ,w4 ,temple4 ,! managem5t ( ! brea? requires a good deal ( c>e4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cca4 ,because ! m9d1 dur+ su* a mom5t>y /upefaction1 is 9 a good measure1 if n totally1 ins5sible4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bbb4 ,motives alone ( reason & int]e/ are n suffici5t4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bcb4 ,to r5d] ! composition di/9ct 9 its p>ts1 & /rik+ on ! :ole1--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ccc4 ,a & an are nam$ indef9ite because !y d5ote "s "o ?+ ( a k9d4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,! is nam$ def9ite1 because x po9ts out "s p>ticul> ?+4--,ibid4 ,s mu* dep5ds ^u ! prop] con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 t1 9 e sort ( composition1 we _c be too /rict 9 our att5tion to x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajc4 ,all sort ( declamation & public speak+1 0 c>ri$ on by !m4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,! fir/ has on _m occasions1 a sublimity to :i* ! latt] nev] atta9s4--,ib41 p4 #ddj4 ,:5 ! words !re=e1 consequ5tly1 accord+ly1 & ! l are us$ 9 connexion ) o!r conjunctions1 !y are adv]bs4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,rude nations make little or no allusions to ! productions ( ! arts4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aj4 ,:ile two ( h] maids knelt on ei!r side ( h]4--,mirror1 xi1 #cjg4 ,! ?ird p]sonal pron\ns diff] f ea* o!r 9 mean+ & use1 z foll[s4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,x 0 happy = ! /ate1 t ,fabius cont9u$ 9 ! comm& ) ,m9ucius3 ! =m]'s phlegm 0 a *eck ^u ! latt]'s vivacity4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #eg4 ,if x %\ld be object$ t ! words mu/ & ought1 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ces1 are all 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,ib41 p4 #ajh4 ,b x w be well if y turn to !m1 e n[ & !n4--,buckets ,classical ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,t e "p %\ld h a dep5d5ce on1 & mutually contribute to support ea* o!r4--,roll9's ,hi/41 ii1 #aae4 ,! phrase1 ',good1 my ,"l1' is n common1 & l[4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,t bro!r %\ld n w> ) bro!r1 ,& worry & dev\r ea* o!r4--,c[p]4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,pron\ns4 ,if ,i c contribute to y\r & my c\ntry's glory4--,goldsmi?4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pron\n y\r has n a cle> & regul> con/ruction1 adapt$ to ! au?or's mean+4 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,g5]al ,rule ( ,syntax1 ,9 ! =mation ( s5t5ces1 ! consi/5cy & adaptation ( all ! words %\ld be c>efully obs]v$2 & a regul>1 cle>1 & correspond5t con/ruction %\ld be pres]v$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! s5t5ce1 hav+ a d\btful or d\ble mean+1 may be correct$ 9 two ways1 ?us3 ,if ,i c contribute to our c\ntry's glory2--or1 ,if ,i c contribute to y\r glory & t ( my c\ntry4 ,z likewise ( ! sev]al subjects1 :i* h 9 effect ea* _! v]b4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #abj4 ,he is likewise requir$ to make examples himself4--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,if ! emphasis be plac$ wrong1 we %all p]v]t & conf\nd ! mean+ :olly4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdb4 ,if ! emphasis be plac$ wrong1 we p]v]t & conf\nd ! mean+ :olly4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccj4 ,x 0 ?is t *>act]iz$ ! great m5 ( antiquity2 x is ?is1 :i* mu/ di/+ui% mod]ns :o w\ld tread 9 _! /eps4--,ib41 p4 #cda4 ,i am a great enemy to implicit fai?1 z well ! ,popi% z ,presbyt]ian1 :o 9 t are mu* :at alike4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #bhj4 ,w he !nce d>e to say ! apo/le held ano!r ,*ri/ ?an he t di$8--,ib41 iii1 #dad4 ,:at ne$ y be anxi\s ab\t ?is ev5t8--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ahh4 ,if a sub/antive c be plac$ aft] ! v]b1 x is active4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ca ,:5 we see bad m5 hon\r$ & prosp]\s 9 ! _w1 x is "s disc\ragem5t to virtue4--,l4 ,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bbd4 ,x is a happ9ess to "y p]sons1 :5 !y are pres]v$ f ! sn>es ( ! _w1 z 9 a g>d5 enclos$4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,! c\rt ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :i* 0 b ano!r "n = prud5ce & economy4-- ,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,x is no wond] if su* a man did n %9e at ! c\rt ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :o 0 b ano!r "n = prud5ce & economy4 ,"h :i* ought to be us$1 & n :o4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ii2 ,f[l]'s1 #dhh4 ,bett] ?us2 ,^: "n 0 b ano!r ^w = prud5ce1 c4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aeg2 ,fi%'s1 #aae2 ,+]soll's1 #bba2 ,smi?'s1 #acc2 & o!rs4 ,a ,defective v]b is "o t wants "s ( its p>ts4 ,!y are *iefly ! ,auxili>y & ,imp]sonal v]bs4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ca2 ,old ,editions1 #cb4 ,"s writ]s h giv5 our moods a mu* great] ext5t ?an we h assign$ to !m4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #fg4 ,! ,p]sonal ,pron\ns give in=mation :i* no o!r words are capable ( convey+4--,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #cg1 ,:5 ! article a1 an1 or ! prec$es ! p>ticiple1 x also becomes a n\n4-- ,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,!re is a pref]5ce to be giv5 to "s ( ^!1 :i* cu/om & judgm5t mu/ det]m9e4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ajg4 ,_m writ]s affect to subjo9 to any ^w ! preposition ) :i* x is comp\nd$1 or ! idea ( :i* x implies4--,ib41 p4 #bjj2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 #aeg4 ,say1 do/ ?\ "k ,tectidius8--,:o1 ! wret* ,^: l&s beyond ! ,sab9es l>gely /ret*8 --,dryd5's ,,iv ,sat4 ( ,p]s4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,v]bs4 ,we w\ld naturally expect1 t ! ^w dep5d1 w\ld require f aft] x4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bja4 ,a di% :i* !y pret5d to be made ( em]ald4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aih4 ,= ! v nature ( a s5t5ce implies "o proposition to be express$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajf4 ,)\t a c>eful att5tion to ! s5se1 we w\ld be naturally l$1 by ! rules ( syntax1 to ref] x to ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun4--,ib41 p4 #aje4 ,= any rules t c be giv51 on ?is subject1 are v g5]al4--,ib41 p4 #abe4 ,he is 9 ! "r1 if eloqu5ce 7 :at he conceives x to be4--,ib41 p4 #bcd4 ,!re ,i w\ld pref] a m free & diffuse mann]4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,yet t !y also agre$ & resembl$ "o ano!r1 9 c]ta9 qualities4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,b s9ce he mu/ re/ore h]1 he insi/s to h ano!r 9 h] place4--,ib41 p4 #dca4 ,b ^! are f> f be+ s frequ5t or s common z has be5 suppos$4--,ib41 p4 #dde4 ,we are n misl$ to assign a wrong place to ! pleasant or pa9ful feel+s4 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,introd41 p4 xviii4 ,:i* are ( great] importance ?an is commonly ?\ght4--,vol4 ii1 p4 #ib4 ,s9ce ^! qualities are bo? co>se & common1 lets f9d out ! m>k ( a man ( probity4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #dj4 ,cic]o did :at no man _h ev] done be=e him1 draw up a treatise ( consolation = himself4--,life ( ,cic]o4 ,!n !re c be no o!r ,d\bt rema9 ( ! ,tru?4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bde4 ,i h obs]v$ "s satiri/s use ! t]m4--,bullions's ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,su* m5 are ready to despond1 or comm5ce enemies4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #hc4 ,common n\ns express names common to _m ?+s4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,to make ourselves be he>d by "o to :om we address ourselves4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbh4 ,t1 9 read+ poetry1 he may be ! bett] able to judge ( its correctness1 & reli% its beauties4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #beb4 ,on ! /ret* to compreh5d1 & keep pace ) ! au?or4-- ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aej4 ,= x might h be5 sold = m ?an ?ree hundr$ p5ce1 & h be5 giv5 to ! poor4--,m>k1 xiv1 #e4 ,he is a beam t is dep>t$1 & left no /reak ( light beh9d4--,,ossian3 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bfb4 ,no "p ( ?is incid5t ought to h be5 repres5t$1 b res]v$ = a n>rative4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bid4 ,! rul]s & p debau*+ !mselves1 br+s ru9 on a c\ntry4--,w>e's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,:5 ,doctor1 ,miss1 ,ma/]1 c41 is prefix$ to a "n1 ! la/ ( ! two words is commonly made plural2 z1 ! ,doctor ,nettletons--! two ,miss ,hudsons4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,:]e=e t field 0 call$1 ,! field ( blood1 unto ?is day4--,matt41 xxvii1 #h4 ,to compreh5d ! situations ( o!r c\ntries1 :i* p]haps may be necess>y = him to explore4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ii1 #aaa4 ,we cont5t ourselves1 n[1 ) few] conjunctive p>ticles ?an our ance/ors did4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aci4 ,& :o w be *iefly liable to make mi/akes :]e o!rs h be5 mi/ak5 be=e !m4--,ib41 p4 #aef4 ,! voice ( nature & revelation unites4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #cjg4 ,?is adjective y see we c't admit1 ,b *ang$ to worse1 w make x j & fit4 --,tobitt's ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,p>ticiples4 ,its application is n arbitr>y1 dep5d+ on ! caprice ( read]s4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bdf4 ,?is is ! m exp$i5t1 f ! "w's be+ design$ = ! b5efit ( private le>n]s4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #afa4 ,a man1 he tells u1 ord]$ by 8 w1 to h erect$ = him a /atue4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajf4 ,f "s lik5ess too remote1 & lay+ too f> out ( ! road ( ord9>y ?\ght4--,ib41 p4 #adf4 ,money is a fluid 9 ! comm]cial _w1 roll+ f h& to h&4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #abc4 ,he pays mu* att5tion to le>n+ & s++ songs4--,ib4 p4 #bdf4 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to consid] s++ songs z crim9al4--,x is a decid$ case by ! ,great ,ma/] ( writ+4--,preface to ,wall]1 p4 #e4 ,did !y ev] be> a te/imony aga9/ writ+ books8--,bates's ,misc4 ,repository4 ,exclamations are sometimes mi/ak+ = int]rogations4--,hi/4 ( ,pr9t+1 #aggj4 ,:i* _c fail prov+ ( s]vice4--,smi?'s ,pr9t]'s ,gram4 ,hewn into su* figures z w\ld make !m easily & firmly incorporat$4--,,beattie3 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #abf4 ,foll[+ ! rule & example are practical inductive que/ions4--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,i ?9k !re w be an advantage 9 my hav+ collect$ examples f mod]n writ+s4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 xi4 ,he 0 eag] ( recomm5d+ x to 8 fell[-citiz5s4--,,hume3 p4 #afj4 ,! good lady 0 c>eful ( s]v+ me ( e ?+4--,no revelation w\ld h be5 giv51 _h ! light ( nature be5 suffici5t 9 su* a s5se1 z to r5d] "o n want+ & useless4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aee4 ,description1 aga9 is ! rais+ 9 ! m9d ! conception ( an object by means ( "s arbitr>y or in/itut$ symbols4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #eb4 ,disappo9t+ ! expectation ( ! he>]s1 :5 !y look = our be+ done4--,ib4 p4 #cbf4 ,!re is a di/9ction :i*1 9 ! use ( !m1 is des]v+ ( att5tion4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,a model has be5 contriv$1 :i* is n v exp5sive1 & easily manag$4--,education ,report]4 ,! conspiracy 0 ! m easily discov]$1 f its be+ kn[n to _m4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #aia4 ,t celebrat$ "w _h be5 ne>ly t5 ye>s publi%$1 be=e its importance 0 at all und]/ood4--,ib4 p4 #bbj4 ,! sceptre's be+ o/5sibly grasp$ by a female h&1 does n rev]se ! g5]al ord] ( ,gov]nm5t4--,we/'s ,lett]s to a ,lady1 p4 #dc4 ,i h hesitat$ sign+ ! ,decl>ation ( ,s5tim5ts4--,lib]ator1 x1 #af4 ,! prolong+ ( m5's lives :5 ! _w ne$$ to be peopl$1 & n[ %ort5+ !m :5 t necessity ha? ceas$ to exi/4--,br[n's ,div9ity1 p4 #g4 ,be=e ! p]=mance comm5ces1 we h display$ ! insipid =malities ( ! prelusive sc5e4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bc4 ,x =bade ! l5d+ ( money1 or s5d+ goods1 or 9 any way emb>k+ capital 9 transactions connect$ ) t =eign traffic4--,,"l ,,br\gham3 ,b4 & ,f4 ,anti-,slav]y ,report]1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bah4 ,ev5 ab/ract ideas h sometimes conf]r$ ^u !m ! same important pr]ogative4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aga4 ,l o!r t]m9ations1 m5t *anges y into i1 :5 prec$$ by a consonant4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict41 p4 xiii2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bd3 ,+]soll's1 #aa4 ,! t]m prop] is f be+ prop]1 t is1 peculi> to ! individual be>+ ! "n4 ,! t]m common is f be+ common to e individual compris$ 9 ! class4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #aci4 ,?us (t by m>9]s are %[n 7,unless ! m5 ( ,k5t are li>s7 ,e>l ,godw9's ca/les ov]fl[n1 ,& palace-ro(s1 & /eeple-spires4 --,swift1 p4 #cac4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,adv]bs4 ,he spoke to e man & woman !re4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bbj2 ,fisk's1 #adg4 ,?\ght & language act & react ^u ea* o!r mutually4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abj2 ,murray's ,ex]cises1 #acc4 ,?\ght & expression act ^u ea* o!r mutually4--,see ,murray's ,key1 p4 #bfd4 ,!y h nei!r ! leisure nor ! means ( atta9+ sc>cely any k1 except :at lies )9 ! contract$ circle ( _! sev]al pr(essions4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cei4 ,be=e !y are capable ( und]/&+ b little1 or inde$ any ?+ ( _m o!r bran*es ( education4--,olney's ,introd4 to ,geog41 p4 #e4 ,!re is n m beauty 9 "o ( !m ?an 9 ano!r4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bge4 ,:i* appe> n con/ruct$ accord+ to any c]ta9 rule4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dg4 ,! vehem5t mann] ( speak+ became n s univ]sal4--,ib41 p4 #fa4 ,all languages1 h[ev]1 d n agree 9 ?is mode ( expression4--,ib41 p4 #gg4 ,! great occasion ( sett+ aside ?is p>ticul> day4--,,att]bury3 p4 #bid4 ,he is mu* m promis+ n[ ?an =m]ly4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #d4 ,!y are plac$ be=e a p>ticiple1 indep5d5tly on ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ba4 ,?is op9ion appe>s to be n well consid]$4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aec2 ,+]soll's1 #bdi4 ,precision 9 language m]its a full explication2 & ! m1 because di/9ct ideas are1 p]haps1 n commonly =m$ ab\t x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #id4 ,9 ! m sublime p>ts ( poetry1 he ,pope is n s di/+ui%$4--,ib41 p4 #djc4 ,h[ f> ! au?or 0 altoge!r happy 9 ! *oice ( 8 subject1 may be que/ion$4--,ib41 p4 #dej4 ,b "h also !re is a great error 9 ! common practice4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #g4 ,?is ord] is ! v ord] ( ! human m9d1 :i* makes ?+s we are s5sible (1 a means to come at ^? t are n s4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 ,=eman's ,v]sion1 p4 #aac4 ,n[1 ,:o is n ,disc\rag$1 & ,fe>s ,want1 :5 he has no money8--,div9e ,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 #bc4 ,:i* ! ,au?ors ( ?is "w1 consid] ( b little or no use4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,& "h inde$ ! di/9ction betwe5 ^! two classes beg9s n to be cle>4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aeb4 ,b ?is is a mann] :i* des]ves n to be imitat$4--,ib41 p4 #ahj4 ,& 9 ?is dep>tm5t a p]son nev] effects s little1 z :5 he attempts too mu*4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #agc2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cfg4 ,! v]b t signifies m]ely be+1 is neut]4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,i hope n mu* to tire ^? :om ,i %all n happ5 to please4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #a4 ,:o 7 utt]ly unable to pron\nce "s lett]s1 & o!rs v indi/9ctly4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #cb4 ,! le>n] may po9t out ! active1 passive1 & neut] v]bs 9 ! foll[+ examples1 & /ate ! reasons :y4--,c4 ,adams's ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,^! words are mo/ always conjunctions4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,revis$ ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,h[ flu5t nons5se trickles f 8 tongue6 ,h[ sweet ! p]iods1 nei!r said1 nor sung6--,dunciad4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,conjunctions4 ,:o at lea/ ei!r knew n1 nor lov$ to make1 a di/9ction4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 i1 #cbb4 ,x is *ildi% 9 ! la/ degree1 if ?is become ! gr\nd ( e/rang$ affection4--,l4 ,murray's ,key1 ii1 #bbh4 ,:5 ! regul> or ! irregul> v]b is to be pref]r$1 p4 #ajg4--,murray's ,index1 ,gram41 ii1 #bif4 ,! books 7 to h be5 sold1 z ?is day4--,prie/ley's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ach4 ,d1 an if y w4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #aie4 ,if a man _h a positive idea ( inf9ite1 ei!r duration or space1 he c\ld add two inf9ites toge!r4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #agd4 ,none %all m will+ly agree & advance ! same nor ,i4--,,e>l ,,( ,,morton3 ,rob]tson's ,scotl&1 ii1 #dbh4 ,t x _c be b hurtful to cont9ue x4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #aib4 ,a conjunction jo9s words & s5t5ces4--,beck's ,gram41 pp4 #d & #be4 ,! copulative conjunction connects words & s5t5ces toge!r & cont9ues ! s5se4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,! ,conjunction ,copulative s]ves to connect or cont9ue a s5t5ce1 by express+ an addition1 a supposition1 a cause1 c4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 i1 #abc4 ,all ,con/ruction is ei!r true or app>5t2 or 9 o!r ,words j & figurative4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #acj2 ,briti% ,gram41 #bcd4 ,b ! div9e "* is su* t none b a div9e h& c\ld draw4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #gb4 ,:o is s mad1 t1 on inspect+ ! heav5s1 is ins5sible ( a ,god8--,,cic]o3--,dr4 ,gibbons4 ,x is n[ submitt$ to an enlight5$ public1 ) little desire on ! "p ( ! ,au?or1 ?an its g5]al utility4--,t[n's ,analysis1 #i? ,ed41 p4 #e4 ,?is w suffici5tly expla9 ! reason1 t s _m prov9cials h gr[n old 9 ! capital )\t mak+ any *ange 9 _! orig9al dialect4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #ea4 ,( ^! !y _h *iefly ?ree 9 g5]al use1 :i* 7 d5om9at$ acc5ts1 & ! t]m us$ 9 ! plural numb]4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,& ?is is "o ( ! *ief reasons1 t dramatic repres5tations h ev] held ! fir/ rank among/ ! div]sions ( mank9d4--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,:i* is ! *ief reason t public read+ is 9 g5]al s disgu/+4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,at ! same "t t !y le>n to read4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,he is always to pron\nce 8 words exactly ) ! same acc5t t he speaks !m4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,9 ord] to "k :at ano!r kn[s1 & 9 ! same mann] t he kn[s x4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,= ! same reason t x is 9 a m limit$ /ate assign$ to ! sev]al tribes ( animals4--,ib41 p4 #ade4 ,7 !re ma/]s to tea* ?is1 9 ! same mann] z o!r arts are taught4--,ib41 p4 #afi4 ,^: own example /r5g!ns all 8 laws2 ,& is himself t great ,sublime he draws4--,pope1 on ,crit41 l4 #fhj4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,prepositions4 ,! ^w s has1 sometimes1 ! same mean+ ) also1 likewise1 ! same4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,! v]b use relates n to pleasures ( ! imag9ation1 b to ! t]ms ( fancy & imag9ation1 :i* he 0 to employ z synonym\s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aig4 ,x nev] c view1 cle>ly & di/9ctly1 above "o object at a "t4--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,?is figure ,euphemism is (t5 ! same ) ! ,p]iphrasis4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bdg2 ,g\ld's1 #bch4 ,all ! betwe5 "t ( y\? & old age4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #hc4 ,:5 "o ?+ is said to act ^u1 or d some?+ to ano!r4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,su* a composition has z mu* ( mean+ 9 x1 z a mummy has life4--,j\rnal ( ,lit4 ,conv5tion1 p4 #ha4 ,t "y m5 ( f f\rte5 to eighte5 7 n ! be/ judges4--,ib41 p4 #acj4 ,?is day is a day ( tr\ble1 & ( rebuke1 & blasphemy4--#b ,k+s1 xix1 #c4 ,blank v]se has ! same pauses & acc5ts ) rhyme4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #aai4 ,9 prosody1 long syllables are di/+ui%$ by 771 & %ort ones by :at is call$ breve 774--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,sometimes bo? articles are left out1 especially 9 poetry4--,ib41 p4 #bf4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! pron\n & p>ticiple are omitt$3 ,he be+ ',consci\s ( 8 own weight & importance1 ! aid ( o!rs 0 n solicit$4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bba4 ,he 0 an excell5t p]son2 a mirror ( anci5t fai? 9 e>ly y\?4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #agb4 ,! c>ry+ on its sev]al p>ts into execution4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #aib4 ,concord1 is ! agreem5t :i* "o ^w has ov] ano!r1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 case1 & p]son4--,folk]'s ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,x might p]haps h giv5 me a great] ta/e ( its antiquities4--,,addison3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #afj4 ,to call ( a p]son1 & to wait ( him4--,prie/ley1 ib41 p4 #afa4 ,! great difficulty !y f\nd ( fix+ j s5tim5ts4--,,hume3 ib41 p4 #afa4 ,develop+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ?ree4--,james ,br[n's fir/ ,am]ican ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,:5 ! sub/antive s+ul> ends 9 x1 * s(t1 %1 ss1 or s1 we add es 9 ! plural4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,we %all pres5t him ) a li/ or specim5 ( !m4--,ib41 p4 #acb4 ,x is v common to he> ( ! evils ( p]nici\s read+1 ( h[ x en]vates ! m9d1 or h[ x depraves ! pr9ciples4--,dymond's ,essays1 p4 #afh4 ,9 ?is example1 ! v]b 'arises' is und]/ood be=e 'curiosity' & 'k4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bgd2 ,+]soll's1 #bhf2 ,comly's1 #aee2 & o!rs4 ,! connective is frequ5tly omitt$ betwe5 sev]al words4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,he %all expel !m f be=e y1 & drive !m f out ( y\r sight4--,jo%ua1 xxiii1 #e4 ,:o makes 8 sun %9e & 8 ra9 to desc5d ^u ! j & ! unju/4--,m',ilva9e's ,lectures1 p4 #daa4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,?is s5t5ce violates ! rules ( gramm>4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii1 pp4 #ai & #ba4 ,! words ?\ & %alt are aga9 r$uc$ to %ort quantities4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bdf4 ,h ! great] m5 always be5 ! mo/ popul>8 ,by no means4--,,dr4 ,,lieb]3 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #fd4 ,/4 ,paul positively /at$ t1 'he :o loves "o ano!r has fulfill$ ! law4'--,spurzheim1 on ,education1 p4 #bdh4 ,m ?an "o organ is conc]n$ 9 ! utt]ance ( almo/ e consonant4--,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,if ! read] w p>don my desc5d+ s l[4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bj4 ,to adju/ !m s1 z %all consi/ equally ) ! p]spicuity & ! grace ( ! p]iod4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aah3 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cbd4 ,?is class exhibits a lam5table want ( simplicity & ineffici5cy4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dha4 ,^: /yle fl[s always l a limpid /ream1 :]e we see to ! v bottom4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ic4 ,^: /yle fl[s always l a limpid /ream1 ?r\gh :i* we see to ! v bottom4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bic4 ,we make use ( ! ellipsis4 #ddg--;,ib41 p4 #bag4 ,! ellipsis ( ! article is ?us us$4--,ib41 p4 #bag4 ,sometimes ! ellipsis is improp]ly appli$ to n\ns ( diff]5t numb]s3 z1 ',a magnific5t h\se & g>d5s4'--,ib41 p4 #bah4 ,9 "s v emphatic expressions1 ! ellipsis %\ld n be us$4--,ib41 #bah4 ,! ellipsis ( ! adjective is us$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4--,ib41 #bah4 ,! foll[+ is ! ellipsis ( ! pron\n4--,ib41 #bah4 ,! ellipsis ( ! v]b is us$ 9 ! foll[+ in/ances4--,ib41 p4 #bai4 ,! ellipsis ( ! adv]b is us$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4--,ib41 #bai4 ,! foll[+ in/ances1 ?\gh %ort1 conta9 mu* ( ! ellipsis4--,ib41 #bbj4 ,if no emphasis be plac$ on any words1 n only w disc\rse be r5d]$ heavy & lifeless1 b ! mean+ (t5 ambigu\s4--,ib41 #bdb4 ,see ,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,if no emphasis be plac$ on any words1 n only is disc\rse1 r5d]$ heavy & lifeless1 b ! mean+ left (t5 ambigu\s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccj2 ,murray's ,eng4 ,read]1 p4 xi4 ,he reg>ds 8 ^w1 b ?\ do/ n reg>d x4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #abi2 8 ,analytical & ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aif4 ,he reg>ds 8 ^w1 b ?\ do/ n3 i4e4 do/ n reg>d x4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bai2 ,p>k] & ,fox's1 p4 #if2 ,weld's1 #aib4 ,i h le>n$ my task1 b y h n2 i4e4 h n le>n$4--,ib41 ,mur41 #bai2 c4 ,:5 ! omission ( words w\ld obscure ! s5t5ce1 weak5 its =ce1 or be att5d$ ) an impropriety1 !y mu/ be express$4--,ib41 p4 #bag2 ,weld's ,gram4 #aij4 ,& !re=e ! v]b is correctly put 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & ref]s to ! :ole sep>ately & individually consid]$4--,murray's ,gram4 #hvo1 ii1 #bd & #aij4 ,i und]/ood him ! be/ ( all :o spoke on ! subject4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aib4 ,i und]/ood him bett] ?an any o!r :o spoke on ! subject4--,ibid41 ,! r\ghness f\nd on our entrance into ! pa?s ( virtue & le>n+1 gr[ smoo!r z we advance4--,ib41 p4 #aga4 ,! r\ghnesses1 c4--,murray's ,key1 #abmo1 p #h4 ,no?+ promotes k m ?an /eady application1 & a habit ( obs]vation4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bfe4 ,virtue conf]s supreme dignity on man3 & %\ld be 8 *ief desire4--,ib41 p4 #aib2 & ,m]*ant's1 #aib4 ,! ,supreme au?or ( our be+ has s =m$ ! s\l ( man1 t no?+ b himself c be its la/1 adequate1 & prop] happ9ess4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #dac2 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bac4 ,! inhabitants ( ,*9a laugh at ! plantations ( our ,europeans2 because1 !y say1 any "o may place trees 9 equal r[s & uni=m figures4--,ad41 ,spect41 ,no4 #dad2 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bbb4 ,! div9e laws are n rev]sible by ^? ( m54--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #afg4 ,9 bo? ( ^! examples1 ! relative & ! v]b :i* 01 are und]/ood4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgc2 ,comly's1 #aeb2 ,+]soll's1 #bhe4 ,! ,greek & ,lat9 languages1 ?\gh1 = _m reasons1 !y _c be call$ dialects ( "o ano!r1 are nev]!less closely connect$4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,european ,lang41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ea4 ,to asc]ta9 & settle :i*1 ( a :ite rose or a r$ rose1 brea!s ! sweete/ fragrance4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams1 ,orat41 #ahca4 ,to :i* he c af=d to devote mu* less ( 8 "t & lab\r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bed4 ,avoid extremes2 & %un ! fault ( su*1 ,:o /ill are pleas'd too little or too mu*4 --,pope1 on ,crit41 #a1 #chd4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,,bad ,,phrases4 ,he _h z good leave 8 vessel to ! direction ( ! w9ds4--,,s\?3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,)\t good nature & gratitude1 m5 _h z good live 9 a wild]ness z 9 society4--,l',,e/range3 ib4 ,& = ?is reason su* l9es almo/ nev] occur toge!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #che4 ,8 be+ a great man did n make him a happy man4--,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bhh4 ,let t :i* t5ds to ! mak+ cold y\r love be judg$ 9 all4--,s4 ,crisp4 ,x is wor?y ! obs]v+1 t !re is no passion 9 ! m9d ( man s weak b x mates & ma/]s ! fe> ( dea?4--,bacon's ,essays1 p4 #d4 ,acc5t dignifies ! syllable on :i* x is laid1 & makes x m di/+ui%$ by ! e> ?an ! re/4--,%]idan's ,lect41 p4 #hj2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdd4 ,be=e he proce$s to argue ei!r on "o side or o!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cac4 ,! *ange 9 g5]al ( mann]s ?r\gh\t all ,europe4--,ib41 p4 #cge4 ,! sweetness & beauty ( ,virgil's numb]s1 ?r\gh\t 8 :ole works4--,ib41 p4 #ddj4 ,! ,fr5* writ]s ( s]mons /udy neatness & elegance 9 lay+ d[n _! heads4--,ib41 p4 #ac4 ,?is almo/ nev] fails to prove a refrig]ant to passion4--,ib41 p4 #cba4 ,at lea/ _! fa!rs1 bro!rs1 & uncles1 _c1 z good relations & good citiz5s1 disp5se ) _! n /&+ =? to dem& v5geance4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aia4 ,alleg+1 t _! cry+ d[n ! *ur* ( ,rome1 0 a jo9+ h& ) ! ,turks4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #bci4 ,to :i* is add$ ! ,assembly ( ,div9es ,cate*ism4--,new-,engl& ,prim]1 p4 #a4 ,?is trea*]y 0 always pres5t 9 bo? _! ?\ghts4--,dr4 ,rob]tson4 ,?us f> bo? _! words agree4 7,conv5i5t adhuo utriusqus v]ba4 ,plaut47--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #abe4 ,ap>i?mesis1 or ,enum]ation1 is ! bran*+ out into sev]al p>ts ( :at might be express$ 9 few] words4--,g\ld's ,gram1 p4 #bda4 ,ap>i?mesis1 or ,enum]ation1 is :5 :at might be express$ 9 a few words1 is bran*$ out into sev]al p>ts4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bea4 ,:i* may sit f "t to "t :]e y dwell or 9 ! neighb\r+ vic9ity4--,taylor's ,di/rict ,s*ool1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #bha4 ,place toge!r a l>ge & a small siz$ animal ( ! same species4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bce4 ,! weight ( ! swimm+ body is equal to t ( ! weight1 ( ! quantity ( fluid displac$ by x4--,p]cival's ,tales1 ii1 #bac4 ,! ,subjunctive mood1 9 all its t5ses1 is simil> to t ( ! ,optative4--,gwilt's ,saxon ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,no o!r feel+ ( obligation rema9s1 except t ( fidelity4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #hb4 ,:o ask$ him1 ',:at c\ld be ! reason1 t :ole audi5ces %\ld be mov$ to te>s1 at ! repres5tation ( "s /ory on ! /age4'--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #age4 ,art n ?\ & y a%am$ to affirm1 t ! be/ works ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ 9 8 sa9ts are z fil?y rags8--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #agd4 ,a neut] v]b becomes active1 :5 foll[$ by a n\n ( ! same signification ) its own4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,b he has judg$ bett]1 9 omitt+ to repeat ! article !4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aid4 ,_m objects please u z highly beautiful1 :i* h almo/ no v>iety at all4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,yet not)/&+1 !y sometimes foll[ !m4--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,= ,i "k ( no?+ m mat]ial 9 all ! :ole ,subject1 ?an ?is doctr9e ( ,mood & ,t5se4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bib4 ,x is by no means impossible = an err\r to be got rid ( or suppre/4-- ,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fdb4 ,^! are ?+s ( ! highe/ importance to ! gr[+ age4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bej4 ,he _h bett] h omitt$ ! ^w _m4--,blair's ,rhet4 p4 #bje4 ,:i* _h bett] h be5 sep>at$4--,ib41 p4 #bbe4 ,figures & metaphors1 !re=e1 %\ld1 on no occasion be /uck on too pr(usely4--,ib41 p4 #add2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #aej4 ,metaphors1 z well z o!r figures1 %\ld on no occasion1 be /uck on too pr(usely4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cch2 ,russell's1 #acf4 ,some?+ l ?is has be5 reproa*$ to ,tacitus4--,,bol+broke3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #afd4 ,o ?\1 :om all mank9d 9 va9 )/&1 ,ea* ( ^: blood mu/ "o day /a9 ?y h&6 --,%effield's ,temple ( ,dea?4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,,two ,,errors4#ddh ,pron\ns are sometimes made to prec$e ! ?+s :i* !y repres5t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afj4 ,mo/ prepositions orig9ally d5ote ! relation ( place4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,:i* is appli$ to inf]ior animals & ?+s )\t life4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bd2 ,pract4 ,lessons1 #cj4 ,:at n\n d !y describe or tell ! k9d8--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,iron cannon1 z well z brass1 is n[ univ]sally ca/ solid4--,jamieson's ,dict4 ,we h philosoph]s1 em95t & conspicu\s1 p]haps1 beyond any nation4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bea4 ,?is is a "q ab\t words alone1 & :i* common s5se easily det]m9es4--,ib41 p4 #cbj4 ,! l[ pit* ( ! voice is1 :5 he approa*es to a :isp]4--,ib41 p4 #cbh4 ,:i*1 z to ! effect1 is j ! same ) us+ no su* di/9ctions at all4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,^! two sy/ems1 !re=e1 diff] 9 reality v little f "o ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,x 7 ne$less to give _m in/ances1 z !y occur s (t54--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,!re are _m occasions :5 ?is is nei!r requisite nor w\ld be prop]4--,ib41 p4 #caa4 ,dramatic poetry divides itself into ! two =ms1 ( com$y or trag$y4--,ib41 p4 #deb4 ,no man ev] rhym$ tru] & ev5] ?an he4--,pref4 to ,wall]1 p4 #e4 ,! ,doctor did n reap a pr(it f 8 poetical lab\rs equal to ^? ( 8 prose4--,johnson's ,life ( ,goldsmi?4 ,we w foll[ t :i* we f\nd our fa!rs practice4--,sale's ,koran1 i1 #bh4 ,& ,i w\ld deeply regret hav+ publi%$ !m4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 vii4 ,figures exhibit ideas 9 a mann] m vivid & impressive1 ?an c\ld be done by pla9 language4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bbb4 ,! allegory is f9ely drawn1 only ! heads v>i\s4--,spect41 ,no4 #edj4 ,i %\ld n h ?\ght x wor?y a place "h4--,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bai4 ,9 ?is /yle1 ,tacitus excels all writ]s1 anci5t & mod]n4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bfa4 ,no au?or1 anci5t or mod]n1 possesses ! art ( dialogue equal to ,%akspe>e4--,ib41 ii1 #bid4 ,! names ( e ?+ we he>1 see1 smell1 ta/e1 & feel1 are n\ns4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,:at numb] are ^! boys8 ^! pictures8 c4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,?is s5t5ce is faulty1 some:at 9 ! same mann] ) ! la/4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bcj4 ,besides p]spicuity1 he pursues propriety1 purity1 & precision1 9 8 language2 :i* =ms "o degree1 & no inconsid]able "o1 ( beauty4--,ib41 p4 #aha4 ,_m critical t]ms h un=tunately be5 employ$ 9 a s5se too loose & vague2 none m s1 ?an t ( ! sublime4--,ib41 p4 #ce4 ,h5ce1 no ^w 9 ! language is us$ 9 a m vague signification ?an beauty4--,ib41 p4 #de4 ,b1 /ill1 he made use only ( g5]al t]ms 9 spee*4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,^! give life1 body1 & col\r+ to ! recital ( facts1 & enable u to behold !m z pres5t1 & pass+ be=e our eyes4--,ib41 p4 #cfj4 ,:i* c>ri$ an ideal *ivalry to a /ill m extravagant height ?an x _h ris5 9 fact4--,ib41 p4 #cgd4 ,we write mu* m sup9ely1 & at our ease1 ?an ! anci5ts4--,ib41 p4 #cea4 ,?is appe>s inde$ to =m ! *>act]i/ical diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5t poets1 orators1 & hi/orians1 comp>$ ) ! mod]n4--,ib41 p4 #cej4 ,to violate ?is rule1 z is too (t5 done by ! ,engli%1 %ews great incorrectness4-- ,ib41 p4 #dfc4 ,x is impossible1 by means ( any /udy to avoid _! appe>+ /iff & =c$4--,ib41 p4 #cce4 ,besides its giv+ ! speak] ! disagreeable appe>ance ( "o :o endeav\rs to compel ass5t4--,ib41 p4 #cbh4 ,&1 on occasions :]e a light or ludicr\s anecdote is prop] to be record$1 x is g5]ally bett] to ?r[ x into a note1 ?an to haz>d becom+ too famili>4--,ib41 p4 #cei4 ,! great bus9ess ( ?is life is to prep>e1 & qualify u1 = ! enjoym5t ( a bett]4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cgc4 ,9 "s diction>ies1 accord+ly1 x 0 omitt$2 & 9 o!rs /igmatiz$ z a b>b>ism4-- ,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #cbb4 ,y _c see1 or ?9k (1 a ?+1 unless x be a n\n4--,mack's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,! fleet are all arriv$ & moor$ 9 safety4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #ahe4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,,two ,,errors4 ,!y h ea* _! di/9ct & exactly-limit$ relation to gravity4--,hasl]'s ,a/ronomy1 p #bai4 ,b 9 cases :i* w\ld give too mu* ( ! hiss+ s\nd1 ! omission takes place ev5 9 prose4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #age4 ,aft] o x ! w is sometimes n s\nd$ at all2 sometimes l a s+le u4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,x is situation *iefly :i* decides ( ! =tunes & *>act]s ( m54--,,hume3 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aei4 ,x is situation *iefly :i* decides ! =tune 7or1 conc]n+ ! =tune7 & *>act]s ( m54--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bja4 ,! vice ( covet\sness is :at ent]s deep] into ! s\l ?an any o!r4--,ib41 p4 #afg2 ,+]soll's1 #aic2 ,fisk's1 #ajc2 ,campbell's ,rhet41 #bje4 ,covet\sness1 ( all vices1 ent]s ! deepe/ into ! s\l4--,murray1 #afg2 & o!rs4 ,covet\sness is :at ( all vices ent]s ! deepe/ into ! s\l4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bje4 ,! vice ( covet\sness is :at ent]s deepe/ into ! s\l ( any o!r4--,gu>dian1 ,no4 #ai4 ,w\ld prim>ily d5otes incl9ation ( w2 & %\ld1 obligation2 b !y bo? v>y _! import1 & are (t5 us$ to express simple ev5t4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #dc2 ,murray's1 #hi2 ,fisk's1 #gh2 ,gre5leaf's1 #bg4 ,b !y bo? v>y _! import1 & are (t5 us$ to express simple ev5ts4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #ci2 ,+]soll's1 #acg4 ,b !y v>y _! import1 & are (t5 us$ to express simple ev5t4--,abel ,fl9t's ,gram41 p #db4 ,a d\ble conjunctive1 9 two correspond5t clauses ( a s5t5ce1 is sometimes made use (3 z1 ',_h he done ?is1 he _h escap$4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bac2 ,+]soll's1 #bfi4 ,! pleasures ( ! und]/&+ are pref]able to ^? ( ! imag9ation1 or ( s5se4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aia4 ,claudian1 9 a fragm5t ^u ! w>s ( ! giants1 has contriv$ to r5d] ?is idea ( _! ?r[+ ! m\nta9s1 :i* is 9 itself s gr&1 burlesque1 & ridicul\s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #db4 ,to :i* n only no o!r writ+s are to be pref]r$1 b ev5 9 div]s respects n comp>able4-- ,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ec4 ,to di/+ui% !m 9 ! und]/&+1 & treat ( _! sev]al natures1 9 ! same cool mann] z we d ) reg>d to o!r ideas4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #acg4 ,= x has no?+ to d ) p>s+1 or analyz+1 language4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,or3 ,= x has no?+ to d ) p>s+1 or analyz+1 language4--,ib41 ,second ,edition1 p4 #af4 ,nei!r 0 t language ! ,lat9 ev] s vulg> 9 ,brita94--,,swift3 see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bbh4 ,all t ,i propose is to give "s op5+s into ! pleasures ( ta/e4--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,b x w\ld h be5 bett] omitt$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #baj4 ,b ,i ?9k x _h bett] be omitt$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #afb4 ,!y appe>1 9 ?is case1 l excresc5ces jutt+ out f ! body1 :i* _h bett] h be5 want$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbf4 ,& !re=e1 ! fable ( ! ,h>pies1 9 ! ?ird book ( ! neid1 & ! allegory ( ,s9 & ,dea?1 9 ! second book ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 _h be5 bett] omitt$ 9 ^! celebrat$ poems4--,ib41 p4 #dcj4 ,ellipsis is an elegant ,suppression 7or ! leav+ out7 ( a ,^w1 or ,words 9 a ,s5t5ce4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #bcd2 ,bu*anan's1 p4 #aca4 ,! article a or an _h bett] be omitt$ 9 ?is con/ruction4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,n[ suppose ! articles _h n be5 left out 9 ^! passages4--,burke's ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,to give sep>ate names to e "o ( ^? trees1 w\ld h be5 an endless & impracticable und]tak+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #gb4 ,ei1 9 g5]al1 s\nds ! same z long & sl5d] a4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,:5 a conjunction is us$ app>5tly r$undant x is call$ ,polysyndeton4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bcf2 ,g\ld's1 #bbi4 ,ea*1 e1 ei!r1 nei!r1 d5ote ! p]sons or ?+s :i* make up a numb]1 z tak5 sep>ately or di/ributively4-- ,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,! ,pr9cipal ,s5t5ce mu/ be express$ by v]bs 9 ! ,indicative1 ,imp]ative1 or ,pot5tial ,modes4--,cl>k's ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,h5ce he is diffuse1 :]e he ought to h be5 press+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdf4 ,all mann] ( subjects admit ( expla9+ comp>isons4--,ib41 p4 #afd2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #afa4 ,! pres5t or imp]fect p>ticiple d5otes action or be+ cont9u$1 b n p]fect$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,:at are v]bs8 ,^? words :i* express :at ! n\ns d--,f[le's ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,( all ^? arts 9 :i* ! wise excel1 ,nature's *ief ma/]piece is writ+ well4 --,j4 ,%effield1 ,duke ( ,buck4 ,su* 0 t muse ^: rules & practice tell ,nature's *ief ma/]piece is writ+ well4 --,pope1 on ,criticism4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,,?ree ,,errors4 ,9 "s words ! metaphorical s5se has ju/l$ out ! orig9al s5se altoge!r1 s t 9 respect ( x !y are become obsolete4-- ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #cbc4 ,sure nev] any mortal 0 s ov]:elm$ ) grief z ,i am at ?is pres5t4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #ach4 ,all languages diff] f ea* o!r 9 _! mode ( inflexion4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 v4 ,n\ns & v]bs are ! only indisp5sable p>ts ( spee*--! "o to express ! subject spok5 (1 & ! o!r ! pr$icate or :at is affirm$ ( x4--,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,! words 9 italics ( ! ?ree latt] examples1 p]=m ! (fice ( sub/antives4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ff4 ,su* a /ructure ( a s5t5ce is always ! m>k ( c>eless writ+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bca4 ,no?+ is frequ5tly m hurtful to ! grace or vivacity ( a p]iod1 ?an sup]flu\s dragg+ words at ! conclusion4--,ib41 p4 #bje4 ,:5 its sub/antive is n jo9$ to x1 b ref]r$ to1 or und]/ood4-- ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,yet !y h always "s sub/antive belong+ to !m1 ei!r ref]r$ to1 or und]/ood4--,ib41 #bd4 ,because !y def9e & limit ! ext5t ( ! common "n1 or g5]al t]m1 to :i* !y ei!r ref]1 or are jo9$4'--,ib41 #bd4 ,e new object surprises1 t]rifies1 & makes a /rong impression on _! m9d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acf4 ,8 argum5t requir$ to h be5 m fully unfold$1 9 ord] to make x be di/9ctly appreh5d$1 & to give x its due =ce4--,ib41 p4 #bcj4 ,p>ticiples :i* are d]iv$ f active v]bs1 w gov]n ! objective case1 ! same z ! v]bs f :i* !y are d]iv$--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,:]e1 contr>y to ! rule1 ! nom9ative ,i prec$es1 & ! objective case :om foll[s ! v]b4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aha4 ,! same conjunction gov]n+ bo? ! indicative & ! subjunctive moods1 9 ! same s5t5ce1 & 9 ! same circum/ances1 seems to be a great impropriety4--,ib41 p4 #bjg2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #agc3 see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aje2 ,fisk's1 #abh2 & ,+]soll's1 #bff4 ,a nice disc]nm5t1 & accurate att5tion to ! be/ usage1 are necess>y to direct u1 on ^! occasions4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #agj4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans1 ! =m] especially1 71 9 tru?1 mu* m musical nations ?an we2 _! g5ius 0 m turn$ to delight 9 ! melody ( spee*4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abc4 ,:5 ! s5se admits x1 ! soon] a circum/ance is introduc$1 ! bett]1 t ! m important & significant words may possess ! la/ place1 q dis5cumb]$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 i1 p4 #cji2 ,p>k] & ,fox's1 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #hh4 ,:5 ! s5se admits x1 ! soon] !y are despat*$1 g5]ally speak+1 ! bett]2 t ! m important & significant words may possess ! la/ place1 q dis5cumb]$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aah4 ,see also ,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aja4 ,?us we f9d x1 bo? 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 tongues4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #gd4 ,a tra9 ( s5t5ces1 con/ruct$ 9 ! same mann]1 & ) ! same numb] ( memb]s1 %\ld nev] be all[$ to succe$ "o ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #ajb2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cjf2 ,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #hf4 ,i proce$ to lay d[n ! rules to be obs]v$ 9 ! conduct ( metaphors1 & :i* are mu* ! same = tropes ( e k9d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #adc4 ,by a prop] *oice ( words1 we may produce a resemblance ( o!r s\nds :i* we mean to describe4--,ib41 p4 #abi2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cca4 ,! disguise c almo/ nev] be s p]fect1 b x is discov]$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bei4 ,! s5se admits ( no o!r pause ?an aft] ! second syllable 'sit1' :i* !re=e mu/ be ! only pause made 9 ! read+4--,ib41 p4 #ccc4 ,n t ,i believe ,nor? ,am]ica to be peopl$ s late z ! twelf? c5tury1 ! p]iod ( ,madoc's migration4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #bab4 ,money & commodities w always fl[ to t c\ntry1 :]e !y are mo/ want$ & w comm& ! mo/ pr(it4--,ib41 p4 #cjh4 ,t x conta9s no visible m>ks1 ( articles1 :i* are ! mo/ important ( all o!rs1 to a j deliv]y4-- ,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #ac4 ,& ( virtue1 f its beauty1 we call x a fair & fav\rite maid4--,mack's ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,! def9ite article may agree ) n\ns 9 ! s+ul> & plural numb]4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,,_m ,,errors4 7#a47 ,a comp\nd ^w is includ$ "u ! head ( d]ivative words4-- ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bc4 7#b47 ,an ,apo/rophe1 m>k$ ?us ' is us$ to abbreviate or %ort5 a ^w4 ,its *ief use is to %[ ! g5itive case ( n\ns4--,ib41 p4 #bha4ddi 7#c47 ,a ,hyph51 m>k$ ?us - is employ$ 9 connect+ comp\nd$ words4 ,x is also us$ :5 a ^w is divid$4-- ,ib41 p4 #bhb4 7#d47 ,! ,acute ,acc5t1 m>k$ ?us 3 z1 ',fncy4' ,! ,grave ?us z1 ',fv\r'--,ib41 p4 #bhb4 7#e47 ,! /ress is laid on long & %ort syllables indiscrim9ately4 ,9 ord] to di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r1 "s writ]s ( diction>ies h plac$ ! grave on ! =m]1 & ! acute on ! latt]4--,ib41 #bhb4 7#f47 ,a ,diresis1 ?us m>k$ 1 consi/s ( two po9ts plac$ ov] "o ( ! two v[els t w\ld o!rwise make a diph?ong1 & p>ts !m into syllables4--,ib41 #bhb4 7#g47 ,a ,section m>k$ ?us 1 is ! division ( a disc\rse1 or *apt]1 into less p>ts or portions4--,ib41 #bhb4 7#h47 ,a ,p>agraph d5otes ! beg9n+ ( a new subject1 or a s5t5ce n connect$ ) ! =ego+4 ,?is "* is *iefly us$ 9 ! ,old & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5ts4--,ib41 #bhb4 7#i47 ,a ,quotation 4 ,two inv]t$ commas are g5]ally plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( a phrase or a passage1 :i* is quot$ or transcrib$ f ! speak] or au?or 9 8 own words2 & two commas 9 _! direct position1 are plac$ at ! conclusion4--,ib41 #bhb4 7#aj47 ,a ,brace is us$ 9 poetry at ! end ( a triplet or ?ree l9es1 :i* h ! same rhyme4 ,braces are also us$ to connect a numb] ( words ) "o common t]m1 & are introduc$ to prev5t a repetition 9 writ+ or pr9t+4--,ib41 p4 #bhc4 7#aa47 ,two or ?ree a/]isks g5]ally d5ote ! omission ( "s lett]s 9 a ^w1 or ( "s bold or indelicate expression1 or "s defect 9 ! manuscript4--,ib41 #bhc4 7#ab47 ,an ,ellipsis ---- is also us$1 :5 "s lett]s 9 a ^w1 or "s words 9 a v]se1 are omitt$4--,ib41 #bhc4 7#ac47 ,an ,obelisk1 :i* is m>k$ ?us dagg]1 & ,p>allels ?us 1 toge!r ) ! lett]s ( ! ,alphabet1 & figures1 are us$ z ref]5ces to ! m>g91 or bottom ( ! page4--,ib41 #bhc4 7#ad47 ,a note ( int]rogation %\ld n be employ$1 9 cases :]e x is only said a "q has be5 ask$1 & :]e ! words are n us$ z a "q4 ',! ,cyprians ask$ me :y ,i wept4'--,ib41 p4 #bgi2 ,comly1 #afc2 ,+]soll1 #bia2 ,fisk1 #aeg2 ,fl9t1 #aac4 7#ae47 ,a po9t ( int]rogation is improp] aft] s5t5ces :i* are n que/ions1 b only expressions ( admiration1 or ( "s o!r emotion4--,same au?ors & places4 7#af47 ,! p>5!sis incloses 9 ! body ( a s5t5ce a memb] ins]t$ into x1 :i* is nei!r necess>y to ! s5se1 nor at all affects ! con/ruction4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #abd4 7#ag47 ,simple memb]s connect$ by relatives1 & comp>atives1 are = ! mo/ "p di/+ui%$ by a comma4 #dej--;,ib41 p4 #aba4 7#ah47 ,simple memb]s ( s5t5ces connect$ by comp>atives1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 di/+ui%$ by a comma4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p #bgb2 ,ald5's1 #adh2 ,+]soll's1 #bhd4 ,see ! same words )\t ! la/ two commas1 9 ,comly's ,gram41 p4 #adi2 ,alg]'s1 #gi2 ,m]*ant's ,murray1 #adc3--;& ?is aga91 ) a diff]5t s5se1 made by a comma be=e connect$1 9 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #aij2 ,abel ,fl9t's1 #ajc4 7#ai47 ,simple memb]s ( s5t5ces connect$ by comp>atives1 are = ! mo/ "p di/+ui%$ by ! comma4--,russell's ,gram41 p4 #aae4 7#bj47 ,simple memb]s ( s5t5ces1 connect$ by comp>atives1 %\ld g5]ally be di/+ui%$ by a comma4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aej4 7#ba47 ,simple memb]s ( s5t5ces connect$ by ?an or s1 or t express contra/ or comp>ison1 %\ld1 g5]ally1 be divid$ by a comma4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #ahe4 7#bb47 ,simple memb]s ( s5t5ces1 connect$ by comp>atives1 if !y be long1 are sep>at$ by a comma4--,coop]'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #aie4 ,see ! same )\t ! fir/ comma1 9 ,coop]'s ,murray1 p4 #ahc4 7#bc47 ,simple memb]s ( s5t5ces connect$ by comp>atives1 & phrases plac$ 9 opposition to1 or 9 contra/ )1 ea* o!r1 are sep>at$ by commas4--,bullions1 p4 #aec2 ,hiley1 #aac4 7#bd47 ,on :i* ev] ^w we lay ! emphasis1 :e!r on ! fir/1 second1 ?ird1 or f\r?1 x /rikes out a diff]5t s5se4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdc4 7#be47 ,to in=m ^? :o d n und]/& sea phrases1 t1 ',we tack$ to ! l>bo>d1 & /ood (f to sea1' w\ld be express+ ourselves v obscurely4--,ib41 p4 #bif2 & ,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aea4 7#bf47 ,( dissyllables1 :i* are at once n\ns & v]bs1 ! v]b has commonly ! acc5t on ! latt]1 & ! n\n1 on ! =m] syllable4--,murray1 p4 #bcg4 7#bg47 ,& ?is gives our language a sup]ior advantage to mo/ o!rs1 9 ! poetical & rhetorical /yle4--,id4 ib41 p4 #ch2 ,+]soll1 #bg2 ,fisk1 #eg4 7#bh47 ,& ?is gives ! ,engli% an advantage above mo/ o!r languages 9 ! poetical & rhetorical /yle4--,l[?'s ,gram1 p4 #ai4 7#bi47 ,! second & ?ird s*ol> may read ! same s5t5ce2 & z _m1 z x is necess>y to le>n x p]fectly to ! :ole4--,osborn's ,key1 p4 #d4 7#cj47 ,bliss is ! "n 9 subject z a k+1 ,9 :o obta9 def5ce1 or :o def5d4 --,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,,_m ,,errors4 ,! ,japanese1 ! ,tonqu9ese1 & ! ,corceans1 speak diff]5t languages f "o ano!r1 & f ! inhabitants ( ,*9a1 b use1 ) ^! la/ p1 ! same writt5 *>act]s2 a pro( t ! ,*9ese *>act]s are l hi]oglyphics1 indep5d5t ( language4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ah4 ,! ,japanese1 ! ,tonqu9ese1 & ! ,corceans1 :o speak diff]5t languages f "o ano!r1 & f ! inhabitants ( ,*9a1 use1 h[ev]1 ! same writt5 *>act]s ) !m2 & by ?is means correspond intelligibly ) ea* o!r 9 writ+1 ?\gh ignorant ( ! language spok5 9 _! sev]al c\ntries2 a pla9 pro(1 c4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #fg4 ,! curv$ l9e is made squ>e in/ead ( r\nd1 = ! reason be=em5tion$4--,knight1 on ! ,greek ,alphabet1 p4 #f4 ,e "o %\ld cont5t himself ) ! use ( ^? tones only t he is habituat$ to 9 spee*1 & to give none o!r to emphasis1 b :at he w\ld d to ! same words 9 disc\rse4 ,?us :atev] he utt]s w be done ) ease1 & appe> natural4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #ajc4 ,/ops1 or pauses1 are a total cessation ( s\nd dur+ a p]ceptible1 & 9 num]\s compositions1 a measurable space ( "t4--,ib41 p4 #ajd4 ,pauses or re/s1 9 speak+ & read+1 are a total cessation ( ! voice dur+ a p]ceptible1 &1 9 _m cases1 a measurable space ( "t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdh2 ,engli% ,read]1 p4 #ac2 ,goldsbury's ,gr41 #gf2 ,kirkham's1 #bjh2 ,felton's1 #acc2 et al4 ,n\ns :i* express a small "o ( ! k9d are call$ ,dim9utive ,n\ns2 z1 lambk91 hillock1 sat*el1 gosl+1 f lamb1 hill1 sack1 goose4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 #ahcg1 p4 #i4 ,:at is ! cause t nons5se s (t5 escapes be+ detect$1 bo? by ! writ] & by ! read]8--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 xi1 & #bhj4 ,an ,int]jection is a ^w us$ to express sudd5 emotion4 ,!y are s call$1 because !y are g5]ally ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce )\t ref]5ce to ! /ructure ( ! o!r p>ts ( x4--,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,ought 79 duty b\nd7 oughte/1 ought$/1 are x's only inflections4--,mack9to%'s ,gram41 p4 #afe4 ,b ! arrangm5t1 gov]nm5t1 agreem5t1 & dep5d5ce ( "o ^w ^u ano!r1 are ref]r$ to our reason4--,osborn's ,key1 ,pref41 p4 #c4 ,me is a p]sonal pron\n1 fir/ p]son s+ul>1 & ! accusative case4--,guy's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,! sub/antive self is add$ to a pron\n2 z1 h]self1 himself1 c42 & :5 ?us unit$1 is call$ a reciprocal pron\n4--,ib41 p4 #ah4 ,"o _c avoid ?9k+ t our au?or _h done bett] to h begun ! fir/ ( ^! ?ree s5t5ces1 ) say+1 x is novelty :i* be/[s *>ms on a mon/]1 c4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bjg4 ,! idea :i* !y pres5t to u ( nature's resembl+ art1 ( art's be+ consid]$ z an orig9al1 & nature z a copy1#dea seems n v di/9ct nor well br\ght out1 nor inde$ v mat]ial to our au?or's purpose4--,ib41 p4 #bbj4 ,! pres5t con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce1 has pla9ly be5 ow+ to ha/y & c>eless writ+4--,ib41 p4 #bbj4 ,adv]bs s]ve to modify1 or to d5ote "s circum/ance ( an action1 or ( a quality1 relative to its "t1 place1 ord]1 degree1 & ! o!r prop]ties ( x1 :i* we h occasion to specify4--,ib41 p4 #hd4 ,! m t any nation is improv$ by sci5ce1 & ! m p]fect _! language becomes1 we may naturally expect t x w ab\nd m ) connective p>ticles4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,mr4 ,gre5leaf's book is by f> ! be/ adapt$ = le>n]s ( any t has yet appe>$ on ! subject4--,,dr4 ,,feltus & ,,bp4 ,,ond]donk3 ,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,punctuation is ! art ( m>k+ 9 writ+ ! sev]al pauses1 or re/s1 betwe5 s5t5ces1 & ! p>ts ( s5t5ces1 accord+ to _! prop] quantity or proportion1 z !y are express$ 9 a j & accurate pronunciation4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce mu/ be resolv$ into simple ones1 & sep>at$ by commas4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #da2 ,all5 ,fisk's1 #aee4deb ,simple s5t5ces %\ld be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by commas1 unless su* s5t5ces are connect$ by a conjunction3 z1 ',y\? is pass+ away1 age is approa*+ & dea? is ne>4'--,hall's ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,v has ! s\nd ( flat f1 & be>s ! same relation to x1 z b does to p1 d to t1 h>d g to k1 & z to s4 ,x has "o uni=m s\nd4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ag2 ,fisk's1 #db4 ,v is flat f1 & be>s ! same relation to x z b does to p1 d to t1 h>d g to k1 & z to s4 ,x is nev] irregul>4--,walk]'s ,dict41 p4 #eb4 ,v has ! s\nd ( flat f2 & be>s ! same relation to x z z does to s4 ,x has "o uni=m s\nd4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,! au?or is expla9+ ! di/9ction1 betwe5 ! p[]s ( s5se & imag9ation 9 ! human m9d4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cdc4 ,! au?or is endeav\r+ to expla9 a v ab/ract po9t1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! p[]s ( s5se & imag9ation 9 ! human m9d4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #afd4 ,,he 7,anglo-,saxon he7 is a ,p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ,?ird ,p]son1 ,mascul9e ,g5d] 7,decl9e he71 ( ! s+ul> numb]1 9 ! nom9ative case4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #ehi4 ,,false ,,syntax ,,"u ,,! ,,critical ,,notes4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,! passive voice d5otes a be+ act$ ^u4--,maund]s ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! t]m be+ act$ ^u z "h us$1 sugge/s a d\bt conc]n+ its classification 9 p>s+4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #a/1 ,words t may con/itute diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 mu/ n be left d\btful z to _! classification1 or to :at "p ( spee* !y belong4 ,!re=e1 ! phraseology %\ld be alt]$2 ?us1 ,! passive voice d5otes an action receiv$4 ,or2 ,! passive voice d5otes ! receiv+ ( an action4 ,milton1 9 "s ( 8 prose works1 has v f9ely turn$ p]iods4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abg2 ,jamieson's1 #abi4 ,^! w be f\nd to be all1 or *iefly1 ( t class4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cb4 ,all appe>ances ( an au?or's affect+ h>mony1 are disagreeable4--,ib41 p4 #abg2 ,jamieson1 #abh4 ,"s n\ns h a d\ble increase1 t is1 increase by m syllables ?an "o2 z1 it]1 it9eris4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bee2 ,g\ld's1 #bda4 ,! p[]s ( man are enl>g$ by advanc+ cultivation4--,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #fb4 ,x is always important to beg9 well2 to make a fav\rable impression at fir/ sett+ out4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cjg4 ,= if "o take a wrong me?od at fir/ sett+ out1 x w lead him a/ray 9 all t foll[s4--,ib41 #cac4 ,8 m9d is full ( 8 subject1 & 8 words are all expressive4--,ib41 #agi4 ,h[ exquisitely is ?is all p]=m$ 9 ,greek6--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #dbb4 ,h[ little is all ?is to satisfy ! ambition ( an immortal s\l6-- ,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bec4 ,s z to exhibit ! object 9 its full & mo/ /rik+ po9t ( view4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #da4 ,& t ! au?or "k h[ to desc5d ) propriety to ! pla91 z well z h[ to rise to ! bold & figur$ /yle4--,ib41 p4 #dja4 ,! he>t c only answ] to ! he>t4--,ib41 p4 #bei4 ,^u its fir/ be+ p]ceiv$4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bbi4 ,call = ,samson1 t he may make u sport4--,judges1 xvi1 #be4 ,& he made !m sport4--,ibid4 ,! t]m suff] 9 ?is def9ition is us$ 9 a te*nical s5se1 & means simply ! receiv+ ( an action1 or ! be+ act$ ^u4--,bullions1 p4 #bi4 ,! ,text is :at is only meant to be taught 9 ,s*ools4--,brightl&1 ,pref41 p4 ix4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple d5otes action or be+ p]fect$ or f9i%$4-- ,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,f ! intricacy & confusion :i* are produc$ by _! be+ bl5d$ toge!r4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ff4 ,?is v circum/ance ( a ^w's be+ employ$ anti!tically1 r5d]s x important 9 ! s5t5ce4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aba4 ,x ! pron\n t is appli$ to bo? p]sons & ?+s4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,conc]n+ u1 z be+ e :]e evil spok5 (4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 vi4 ,e ?+ beside 0 buri$ 9 a pr(\nd sil5ce4--,/eele4 ,!y raise m full conviction ?an any reason+s produce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cfg4 ,x appe>s to me no m ?an a fanciful ref9em5t4--,ib41 p4 #dcf4 ,! regul> resolution ?r\gh\t ( a complete passage4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 vii4 ,! inf9itive is kn[n by its be+ imm$iately prec$$ by ! ^w to4--,maund]s ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,x w n be ga9+ mu* gr\nd to urge t ! basket1 or vase1 is und]/ood to be ! capital4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cef4 ,! disgu/ "o has to dr9k ink 9 reality1 is n to ! purpose :]e ! subject is dr9k+ ink figuratively4--,ib41 ii1 #bca4 ,t we run n into ! extreme ( prun+ s v close4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aaa4 ,be+ oblig$ to re/ = a little on ! preposition by itself4--,ib41 p4 #aab2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #ic4 ,be+ oblig$ to re/ a little on ! preposition by itself4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cai4 ,our days on ! e>? are z a %ad[1 & !re is none abid+4--#a ,*ron41 xxix1 #ae4 ,!re maybe a m p>ticul> expression attempt$1 ( c]ta9 objects1 by means ( resembl+ s\nds4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abi2 ,jamieson's1 #acj2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cca4 ,! "r disposition ( ! %ade1 makes ! light & col\r+ /rike ! m4--,blair's ,rhet41 #add4 ,i obs]v$ t a diffuse /yle incl9es mo/ to long p]iods4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,_! poor ,argum5ts1 :i* !y only ,pickt up & d[n ! ,highway --,div9e ,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 iii4 ,:i* mu/ be little1 b a transcrib+ out ( _! writ+s4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #cec4 ,t s+le impulse is a =c+ out ( almo/ all ! brea?4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #bed4 ,pic9i comp>es modulation to ! turn+ (f f a road4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dje4 ,s mu* has be5 writt51 on & (f1 ( almo/ e subject4--,! ,fri5d1 ii1 #aag4 ,by read+ books writt5 by ! be/ au?ors1 8 m9d became highly improv$4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bja4 ,= ,i nev] made ! be+ ri*ly provid$ a tok5 ( a spiritual m9i/ry4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #dgj4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,d\btful ,,ref]5ce4 ,h[ev] disagreeable1 we mu/ resolutely p]=m our duty4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aga4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! adjective disagreeable appe>s to relate to ! pron\n we1 ?\gh su* a relation 0 probably n int5d$ by ! au?or4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #b;d1 ,! ref]5ce ( words to o!r words1 or _! syntactical relation accord+ to ! s5se1 %\ld nev] be left d\btful1 by any "o :o means to be und]/ood4 ,! s5t5ce may be am5d$ ?us3 ,h[ev] disagreeable ! task1 we mu/ resolutely p]=m our duty4 ,! =mation ( v]bs 9 ,engli%1 bo? regul> & irregul>1 is d]iv$ f ! ,saxon4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,"t & *ance h an influ5ce on all ?+s human1 & on no?+ m rem>kably ?an on language4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ahj4 ,"t & *ance h an influ5ce on all ?+s human1 & on no?+ m rem>kable ?an on language4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #dg4 ,ar*ytases be+ a virtu\s man1 :o happ5$ to p]i% once ^u a "t1 is ) him a suffici5t gr\nd1 c4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #dff4 ,he w be ! bett] qualifi$ to und]/&1 ) accuracy1 ! mean+ ( a num]\s class ( words1 9 :i* !y =m a mat]ial "p4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #abj4 ,we %\ld cont9ually h ! goal 9 view1 :i* w\ld direct u 9 ! race4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #agb4 ,b ,addison's figures seem to rise ( _! own accord f ! subject1 & con/antly embelli% x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aej2 ,jamieson's1 #aeg4 ,z f> z p]sons & o!r animals & ?+s t we c see g1 x is v easy to di/+ui% ,n\ns4--,cobbett's ,gram41 #ad4 ,dissyllables end+ 9 y1 e mute1 or acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable1 may be sometimes comp>$ l monosyllables4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,admitt+ ! above objection1 x w n ov]rule ! design4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #adj4 ,^! philosophical innovators =get1 t objects are l m51 kn[n only by _! actions4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 i1 #cbf4 ,! connexion betwe5 words & ideas is arbitr>y & conv5tional1 ow+ to ! agreem5t ( m5 among !mselves4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #a4 ,! connexion betwe5 words & ideas may1 9 g5]al1 be consid]$ z arbitr>y & conv5tional1 ow+ to ! agreem5t ( m5 among !mselves4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ec4 ,a man ^: incl9ations l$ him to be corrupt1 & _h great abilities to manage & multiply & def5d 8 corruptions4--,swift4 ,!y h no m control ov] him ?an any o!r m54--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #cgb4 ,8 old words are all true ,engli%1 & numb]s exquisite4--,spectator1 ,no4 #edj4 ,x has be5 said1 t n only ,jesuits c equivocate4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 #hvo1 p4 #aba4 ,x has be5 said1 t ,jesuits c n only equivocate4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bec4 ,! nom9ative ( ! fir/ & second p]son 9 ,lat9 is seldom express$4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aed2 ,g\ld's1 #aeg4 ,"s words are ! same 9 bo? numb]s4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #dj2 ,+]soll's1 #ah2 ,fisk's1 #ei2 ,kirkham's1 #ci2 ,w4 ,all5's1 #db2 et al4 ,"s n\ns are ! same 9 bo? numb]s4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #bi2 ,smi?'s1 #de2 et al4 ,o!rs are ! same 9 bo? numb]s2 z1 de]1 sw9e1 c4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,! foll[+ li/ d5otes ! s\nds ( ! consonants1 be+ 9 numb] tw5ty-two4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #f2 ,fisk's1 #cf4 ,& is ! ignorance ( ^! peasants a reason = o!rs to rema9 ignorant2 or to r5d] ! subject a less becom+ inquiry8--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bic2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bhh4 ,he is "o ( ! mo/ correct1 & p]haps ! be/1 ( our prose writ]s4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iv41 ,! motions ( a vortex & a :irlw9d are p]fectly simil>4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aca4 ,:at ,i h be5 say+ ?r[s light ^u "o important v]se 9 ! ,bible1 :i* ,i %\ld l to h read4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #ahb4 ,:5 !re are any circum/ances ( "t1 place1 or o!r limitations1 :i* ! pr9cipal object ( our s5t5ce requires to h connect$ ) x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aae2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #ih2 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cbb4 ,int]jections are words us$ to express emotion1 affection1 or passion1 & imply sudd5ness4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,b ! g5itive is only us$ to express ! measure ( ?+s 9 ! plural numb]4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bjj2 ,g\ld's1 #aih4 ,! build+s ( ! in/itution h be5 enl>g$2 ! exp5se ( :i*1 add$ to ! increas$ price ( provisions1 r5d]s x necess>y to advance ! t]ms ( admission4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahc4 ,^! s5t5ces are f> less difficult ?an complex4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's ,analysis1 or ,gramm>1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #agi4 ,f> f ! madd+ cr[d's ignoble /rife1 ,_! sob] wi%es nev] le>n'd to /ray4--,gray's ,elegy4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,iii4--,,( ,,def9itions4 7#a47 ,def9ition is su* a description ( ?+s z exactly describes ! ?+ & t ?+ only4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ?is def9ition ( a def9ition is n accurately adapt$ to ! ?+4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #c;d1 ,a def9ition1 9 ord] to be p]fect1 mu/ include ! :ole ?+1 or class ( ?+s1 :i* x pret5ds to def9e1 & exclude e ?+ :i* comes n "u ! "n4 #dec ,! example may be am5d$ ?us3 ,a def9ition is a %ort & lucid description ( a ?+1 or species1 accord+ to its nature & prop]ties4 7#b47 ,language1 9 g5]al1 signifies ! expression ( our ideas by c]ta9 articulate s\nds1 :i* are us$ z ! signs ( ^? ideas4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ec4 7#c47 ,a ,,^w is an articulate s\nd us$ by common cons5t z ! sign ( an idea1--,bullions1 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gr41 p4 #ag4 7#d47 ,a ^w is a s\nd1 or comb9ation ( s\nds1 :i* is us$ 9 ! expression ( ?\ght--,haz5's ,gram41 p4 #ab4 7#e47 ,words are articulate s\nds1 us$ z signs to convey our ideas4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #e4 7#f47 ,a ^w is a numb] ( lett]s us$ toge!r to repres5t "s idea4--,h>t's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bh4 7#g47 ,a ,^w is a comb9ation ( lett]s1 us$ z ! sign ( an idea4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #i4 7#h47 ,a ^w is a lett] or a comb9ation ( lett]s1 us$ z ! sign ( an idea4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#i47 ,words are articulate s\nds1 by :i* ideas are communicat$4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #bh4 7#aj47 ,words are c]ta9 articulate s\nds us$ by common cons5t z signs ( our ideas4--,bullions1 ,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #f2 ,lat4 ,gram41 #f2 see ,l[?1 ,murray1 ,smi?1 et al4 7#aa47 ,words are s\nds us$ z signs ( our ideas4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #cj4 7#ab47 ,or?ography means ^w-mak+ or spell+4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ai2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#ac47 ,a v[el is a lett]1 ! "n ( :i* con/itutes a full1 op5 s\nd4--,haz5's ,gram41 p4 #aj2 ,l5nie's1 #e2 ,brace's1 #g4 7#ad47 ,spell+ is ! art ( read+ by nam+ ! lett]s s+ly1 & rightly divid+ words into _! syllables4 ,or1 9 writ+1 x is ! express+ ( a ^w by its prop] lett]s4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #e2 ,*ur*ill's1 #bj4 7#ae47 ,spell+ is ! art ( rightly divid+ words into _! syllables1 or ( express+ a ^w by its prop] lett]s4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ba2 ,+]soll's1 #f2 ,m]*ant's1 #aj2 ,alg]'s1 #ab2 ,gre5leaf's1 #bj2 & o!rs4 7#af7 ,spell+ is ! art ( express+ words by _! prop] lett]s2 or ( rightly divid+ words into syllables4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #h4 7#ag47 ,spell+ is ! art ( express+ a ^w by its prop] lett]s1 & rightly divid+ x into syllables4--,bullions's ,pr9c4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #b4 7#ah47 ,spell+ is ! art ( express+ a ^w by its prop] lett]s4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bc2 ,sanborn's1 p4 #bei4 7#ai47 ,a syllable is a s\nd ei!r simple or comp\nd$1 pron\nc$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice1 & con/itut+ a ^w or "p ( a ^w4--,l[?1 p4 #e2 ,murray1 #ba2 ,+]soll1 #f2 ,fisk1 #aa2 ,gre5leaf1 #bj3 ,m]*ant1 #i2 ,alg]1 #ab2 ,bucke1 #ae2 ,smi?1 #aah2 et al4 7#bj47 ,a ,syllable is a complete ,s\nd utt]$ 9 "o ,brea?4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #cb2 ,bu*anan's1 #e4 7#ba47 ,a syllable is a di/9ct s\nd1 utt]$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 7#bb47 ,a ,syllable is a di/9ct s\nd =m+ ! :ole ( a ^w1 or s mu* ( x z c be s\nd$ at once4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gr41 p4 #b4 7#bc47 ,a syllable is a ^w1 or "p ( a ^w1 or z mu* z c be s\nd$ at once4--,picket's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 7#bd47 ,a diph?ong is ! union ( two ,v[els1 bo? ( :i* are pron\nc$ z "o3 z 9 be> & beat4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 7#be47 ,a diph?ong consi/s ( two v[els1 =m+ "o syllable2 z1 ea1 9 beat4--,guy's ,gram41 p4 #b4 7#bf47 ,a triph?ong consi/s ( ?ree v[els =m+ "o syllable2 z1 eau 9 beauty4--,ib4 7#bg47 ,b ! ,triph?ong is ! union ( ?ree ,v[els1 pron\nc$ z "o4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 7#bh47 ,:at is a ,n\n ,sub/antive8 ,a ,n\n ,sub/antive is ! ?+ itself2 z1 a ,man1 a ,boy4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #he2 ,bu*anan's1 #bf4 7#bi47 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to n\ns to describe !m4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #a4 7#cj47 ,an adjective is a ^w jo9$ to a n\n1 to describe or def9e x4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ea4 7#ca47 ,an adjective is a ^w us$ to describe or def9e a n\n4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #b4 7#cb47 ,! adjective is add$ to ! n\n1 to express ! quality ( x--,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #bg2 ,l[?1 p4 #f4 7#cc47 ,an adjective expresses ! quality ( ! n\n to :i* x is appli$2 & may g5]ally be kn[n by its mak+ s5se 9 connection ) x2 z1 ',a good man1' ',a g5teel woman4'--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 7#cd47 ,an adv]b is a ^w us$ to modify ! s5se ( o!r words4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #b4 7#ce47 ,an adv]b is a ^w jo9$ to a v]b1 an adjective1 or ano!r adv]b1 to modify or d5ote "s circum/ance respect+ x4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ff2 ,lat4 ,gram41 #ahe4 7#cf47 ,a ,sub/antive or ,n\n is a "n giv5 to e object :i* ! s5ses c p]ceive2 ! und]/&+ compreh5d2 or ! imag9ation ent]ta94--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 7#cg47 ,,g5d] means ! di/9ction ( n\ns ) reg>d to sex4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #i4 7#ch47 ,g5d] is a di/9ction ( n\ns ) reg>d to sex4--,fro/'s ,gram41 p4 #g4 7#ci47 ,g5d] is a di/9ction ( n\ns 9 reg>d to sex4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 7#dj47 ,g5d] is ! di/9ction ( n\ns1 9 reg>d to sex4--,coop]'s ,murray1 #bd2 ,practical ,gram41 #ba4 7#da47 ,g5d] is ! di/9ction ( n\ns ) reg>d to sex4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cg2 ,alg]'s1 #af2 ,bacon's1 #ab2 ,r4 ,g4 ,gre5e's1 #af2 ,bullions1 ,pr941 #e? ,ed41 #i2 8 ,new ,gr41 #bb2 ,fisk's1 #ai2 ,hull's1 #i2 ,+]soll's1 #ae4 7#db47 ,g5d] is ! di/9ction ( sex4--,ald5's ,gram41 p4 #i2 ,comly's1 #bj2 ,dalton's1 #aa2 ,dav5port's1 #ae2 ,j4 ,fl9t's1 #bh2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #aa2 ,gre5leaf's1 #ba2 ,guy's1 #d2 ,h>t's1 #cf2 ,hiley's1 #ab2 ,kirkham's1 #cd2 ,l5nie's1 #aa2 ,picket's1 #be2 ,smi?'s1 #dc2 ,sanborn's1 #be2 ,wilcox's1 #h4 7#dc47 ,g5d] is ! di/9ction ( ,sex1 or ! ,diff]5ce betwixt ,male & ,female4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #id2 ,bu*anan's1 #ah4 7#dd47 ,:y are n\ns divid$ into g5d]s8 ,to di/+ui% _! sexes4--,f[le's ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #aj4 7#de47 ,:at is meant by ,g5d]8 ,! diff]5t sexes4--,burn's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 7#df7 ,g5d]1 9 gramm>1 is a diff]5ce ( t]m9ation1 to express di/9ction ( sex4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p #cj2 ,improv$ ,gram41 #bb4 7#dg47 ,g5d] signifies a di/9ction ( n\ns1 accord+ to ! diff]5t sexes ( ?+s !y d5ote4--,co>'s ,gram41 p4 #b4 7#dh47 ,g5d] is ! di/9ction occasion$ by sex4 ,?\gh !re are b two sexes1 /ill n\ns necess>ily admit ( f\r di/9ctions#ded ( g5d]4--,hall's ,gram41 p4 #f4 7#di47 ,g5d] is a t]m :i* is employ$ = ! di/9ction ( n\ns ) reg>d to sex & species4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#ej47 ,g5d] is a ,di/9ction ( ,sex4--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #ec4 7#ea47 ,,g5d] m>ks ! di/9ction ( ,sex4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 7#eb47 ,g5d] means ! k9d1 or sex4 ,!re are f\r g5d]s4--,p>k] & ,fox's1 ,"p ,i1 p4 #g4 7#ec47 ,g5d] is a prop]ty ( ! n\n :i* di/+ui%es sex4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #eg4 7#ed47 ,g5d] is a prop]ty ( ! n\n or pron\n by :i* x di/+ui%es sex4--,weld's ,gramm> ,abridg$1 p4 #di4 7#ee47 ,case is ! /ate or condition ( a n\n ) respect to ! o!r words 9 a s5t5ce4--,bullion's1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #af2 8 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ca4 7#ef47 ,case means ! diff]5t /ate or situation ( n\ns ) reg>d to o!r words4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 7#eg47 ,! cases ( sub/antives signify _! diff]5t t]m9ations1 :i* s]ve to express ! relation ( "o ?+ to ano!r4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ce4 7#eh47 ,gov]nm5t is ! p[] :i* "o "p ( spee* has ov] ano!r1 :5 x causes x or requires x to be ( "s p>ticul> p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 case1 /yle1 or mode4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #abf2 see ,murray's ,gram41 #adb2 ,smi?'s1 #aai2 ,pond's1 #hh2 et al4 7#ei47 ,a simple s5t5ce is a s5t5ce :i* conta9s only "o nom9ative case & "o v]b to agree ) x4--,sanborn1 ib42 see ,murray's ,gram41 et al4 7#fj47 ,decl5sion means putt+ a n\n ?r\gh ! diff]5t cases4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #eh4 7#fa47 ,zeugma is :5 two or m sub/antives h a v]b 9 common1 :i* is applicable only to "o ( !m4--,b4 ,f4 ,fisk's ,greek ,gram41 p4 #ahe4 7#fb47 ,an ,irregul> ,v]b is t :i* has its pass$ t5se & p]fect p>ticiple t]m9at+ diff]5tly2 z1 smite1 smote1 smitt54--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 7#fc47 ,p]sonal pron\ns are employ$ z sub/itutes = n\ns t d5ote p]sons4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,comp>isons4 ,we ab\nd m 9 v[el & diph?ong s\nds1 ?an mo/ languages4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hi4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! t]ms we & languages1 :i* are "h us$ to =m a comp>ison1 express ?+s :i* are totally unlike4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #d?1 ,a comp>ison is a =m ( spee* :i* requires "s simil>ity or common prop]ty 9 ! ?+s comp>$2 )\t :i*1 x becomes a solecism4 ,!re=e1 ! expression ought to be *ang$2 ?us1 ,our language ab\nds m 9 v[el & diph?ong s\nds1 ?an mo/ o!r tongues4 ,or3 ,we ab\nd m 9 v[el & diph?ongal s\nds1 ?an mo/ nations4 ,a l9e ?us acc5t$1 has a m spirit$ air1 ?an :5 ! acc5t is plac$ on any o!r syllable4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #hf4 ,hom] introduce? 8 deities ) no great] c]emony ?an z mortals2 & ,virgil has /ill less mod]ation4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bhg4 ,:i* ! m ref9$ ta/e ( lat] writ]s1 :o _h f> inf]ior g5ius to !m1 w\ld h taught !m to avoid4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bh4 ,! poetry1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,book ( ,job1 is n only equal to t ( any o!r ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 b is sup]ior to !m all1 except ^? ( ,isaiah alone4--,ib41 p4 #dai4 ,on ! :ole1 ,p>adise ,lo/ is a poem t ab\nds ) beauties ( e k9d1 & t ju/ly entitles its au?or to a degree ( fame n inf]ior to any poet4--,ib41 p4 #deb4 ,mo/ ( ! ,fr5* writ]s compose 9 %ort s5t5ces2 ?\gh _! /yle 9 g5]al1 is n concise2 commonly less s ?an ! bulk ( ,engli% writ]s1 ^: s5t5ces are mu* long]4--,ib41 p4 #agh4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation 7 deep] 9 ! pr9ce's m9d ?an to be easily eradicat$4--,,hume3 ,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bag4 ,:e!r !y d n create jeal\sy & animosity m hurtful ?an ! b5efit d]iv$ f !m4--,,dr4 ,j4 ,,leo ,,wolf3 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #bej4 ,! ,scot* h pres]v$ ! anci5t "* ( _! music m entire ?an any o!r c\ntry4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dfa4 ,:5 ! "t or quantity ( "o syllable exce$s ! re/1 t syllable readily receives ! acc5t4--,ru%1 on ! ,voice1 p4 #bgg4 ,:at !n c be m obvi\sly true ?an t x %\ld be made z j z we c8--,dymond's ,essays1 p4 #aih4 ,x 0 n likely t !y w\ld crim9ate !mselves m ?an !y c\ld avoid4--,cl>kson's ,hi/41 ,abridg$1 p4 #gf4 ,_! und]/&+s 7 ! mo/ acute ( any p :o h ev] liv$4--,knapp's ,lectures1 p#cb4 ,! pat5tees h pr9t$ x ) neat types1 & ^u bett] pap] ?an 0 done =m]ly4--,lily's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 xiii4 ,9 reality1 its relative use is n exactly l any o!r ^w4--,fel*'s ,compreh5sive ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,?us1 in/ead ( two books1 :i* are requir$1 7! gramm> & ! ex]cises17 ! le>n] f9ds bo? 9 "o1 = a price at lea/ n great] ?an ! o!rs4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 ,recom41 p4 iii2 ,new ,ed41 ,recom41 p4 #f4 ,!y are n improp]ly reg>d$ z pron\ns1 ?\gh 9 a s5se less /rict ?an ! o!rs--,ib41 p4 #aii4 ,we h _h ! opportunity1 z w readily be believ$1 ( becom+ conv]sant ) ! case mu* m p>ticul>ly1 ?an ! g5]ality ( our read]s c be suppos$ to h _h4--,! ,briti% ,fri5d1 #aamo1 #bi?1 #ahde4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,v4--,,( ,,falsities4 ,! long s\nd ( i is comp\nd$ ( ! s\nd ( a1 z he>d 9 ball1 & t ( e1 z he>d 9 be4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! s5t5ce falsely tea*es1 t ! long s\nd ( i is t ( ! diph?ong he>d 9 oil or boy4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #e?1 ,s5t5ces t convey a mean+ manife/ly false1 %\ld be *ang$1 reject$1 or contradict$2 because !y di/ort language f its *ief end1 or only wor?y use2 :i* is1 to /ate facts1 & to tell ! tru?4 ,! error may be correct$ ?us3 ,! long s\nd ( i is l a v quick union ( ! s\nd ( a1 z he>d 9 b>1 & t ( e1 z he>d 9 be4 ,! omission ( a ^w necess>y to grammatical propriety1 is call$ ,,ellipsis4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,e sub/antive is ( ! ?ird p]son4--,alex&] ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,a n\n1 :5 ! subject is spok5 to1 is 9 ! second p]son2 & :5 spok5 (1 x is 9 ! ?ird p]son2 b nev] 9 ! fir/4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,) u1 no sub/antive n\ns h g5d]1 or are mascul9e & fem99e1 except ! prop] names ( male & female creatures4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aef4 ,apo/rophe is a little m>k signify+ t some?+ is %ort5$2 z1 = ,william 8 hat1 we say1 ,william's hat4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,:5 a ^w beg9n+ ) a v[el is c\pl$ ) "o beg9n+ ) a consonant1 ! indef9ite article mu/ be repeat$2 ?us1 ',sir ,mat!w ,hale 0 a noble & an imp>tial judge2' ',pope 0 an elegant & a n]v\s writ]4'--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,w & y are consonants1 :5 !y beg9 a ^w or syllable2 b 9 e o!r situation !y are v[els4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #g3 ,bacon1 ,comly1 ,coop]1 ,fi%1 ,+]soll1 ,kirkham1 ,smi?1 et al4 ,! is us$ be=e all adjectives & sub/antives1 let !m beg9 z !y w4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,prepositions are also prefix$ to words 9 su* mann]1 z to coalesce ) !m1 & to become a "p ( !m4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,b h is entirely sil5t at ! beg9n+ ( syllables n acc5t$1 z hi/orian4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,any ^w t w make s5se ) to be=e x1 is a v]b4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,v]bs d n1 9 reality1 express actions2 b !y are intr9sically ! m]e names ( actions4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,! nom9ative is ! actor or subject1 & ! active v]b is ! action p]=m$ by ! nom9ative4--,ib41 p4 #de4 ,if1 !re=e1 only "o creature or ?+ acts1 only "o action1 at ! same in/ant1 c be done2 z1 ! girl writes4--,ib41 #de4 ,! v]b writes d5otes b "o action1 :i* ! girl p]=ms2 !re=e ! v]b writes is ( ! s+ul> numb]4--,ib41 #de4 ,& :5 ,i say1 ,two m5 walk1 is x n equally app>5t1 t walk is plural1 because x expresses two actions8--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,! subjunctive mood is =m$ by add+ a conjunction to ! indicative mood4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,! possessive case %\ld always be di/+ui%$ by ! apo/rophe4-- ,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 ,rule #dd?1 p4 #di4 ',at ^! proce$+s ( ! commons1'--,"h ( is ! sign ( ! g5itive or possessive case1 & commons is ( t case1 gov]n$ ( proce$+s4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,"h let x be obs]v$ aga9 t1 /rictly speak+1 no v]bs h numb]s nor p]sons1 nei!r h n\ns nor pron\ns p]sons1 :5 !y ref] to irrational creatures & inanimate ?+s4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,! n\n or pron\n d5ot+ ! p]son or ?+ address$ or spok5 to1 is 9 ! nom9ative case indep5d5t4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 ,rule #h?1 p4 #dd4 ,e n\n1 :5 address$1 becomes ( ! second p]son1 & is 9 ! nom9ative case absolute2 z--',paul1 ?\ art beside ?yself4'--,jaudon's ,gram41 ,rule #ai?1 p4 #ajh4 ,does ! ,conjunction jo9 ,words toge!r8 ,no2 only ,s5t5ces4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,no2 ! ,conjunction only jo9s s5t5ces toge!r4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,e ,g5itive has a ,n\n to gov]n x1 express$ or und]/ood2 z1 ,/4 ,james's1 ,palace is und]/ood2 !re=e "o ,g5itive _c gov]n ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #aaa4 ,e adjective1 & e adjective pron\n1 belongs to a sub/antive1 express$ or und]/ood4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afa2 ,bacon's1 #dh2 ,alg]'s1 #eg2 et al4 ,e adjective qualifies a sub/antive express$ or und]/ood4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,e adjective belongs to "s n\n express$ or und]/ood4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,adjectives belong to ! n\ns :i* !y describe4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,adjectives mu/ agree ) ! n\ns1 :i* !y qualify4--,fisk's ,murray1 p4 #aja4 ,! ,adjective mu/ agree ) its ,sub/antive 9 ,numb]4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,e adjective & p>ticiple belongs to "s n\n or pron\n express$ or und]/ood4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,e ,v]b ( ! ,inf9itive ,mood1 supposes a v]b be=e x express$ or und]/ood4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,e ,adv]b has its ,v]b express$ or und]/ood4--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,conjunctions :i* connect ,s5t5ce to ,s5t5ce1 are always plac$ betwixt ! two ,propositions or ,s5t5ces :i* !y unite4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,! words = all t1 seem to be too l[4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bac4 ,= all t seems to be too l[ & vulg>4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aci4 ,! read]1 or he>]1 !n1 und]/&s f &1 t he is to add some?+4--,j4 ,br[n's ,e4 ,syntax1 p4 #abd4 ,b & nev]1 nev] connects "o ?+ ) ano!r ?+1 nor "o ^w ) ano!r ^w4--,ib41 p4 #abb4 ',six1 & six are twelve4' ,"h x is affirm$ t1 six is twelve6--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ',john1 & 8 wife h six *ildr54' ,?is is an in/ance ( gross cata*resis4 ,x is "h affirm$ t ,john has six *ildr51 & t 8 wife has six *ildr54--,ib41 p4 #abb4 ,no?+ :i* is n "r c be great4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 #hvo1 p4 #adf3 see ,rambl]1 ,no4 #ahe4 ,no?+ c be great :i* is n "r4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bgg4 ,! highe/ degree ( rev]5ce %\ld be paid to y\?4--,ib41 p4 #bgh4 ,!re is1 9 _m m9ds1 nei!r k nor und]/&+4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aea2 ,russell's1 #hd2 ,alg]'s1 #ed2 ,bacon's1 #dg2 et al4 ,=m]ly1 :at we call ! objective cases ( our pron\ns1 7 employ$ 9 ! same mann] z our pres5t nom9atives are4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #afd4 ,z x respects a *oice ( words & expressions1 no rules ( gramm> c mat]ially aid ! le>n]4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #bjb4 ,:atev] exi/s1 or is conceiv$ to exi/1 is a ,n\n4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #acg4 ,z all m5 are n brave1 brave is itself comp>ative4--,ib41 #aij4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,absurdities4 7#a47 ,& sometimes two unacc5t$ syllables foll[ ea* o!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #chd4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! phrase1 foll[ ea* o!r1 is "h an absurdity2 x be+ impossible = two ?+s to foll[ ea* o!r1 except !y alt]nate1 or :irl r\nd4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #f?1 ,absurdities1 ( e k9d1 are contr>y to gramm>2 because !y are contr>y to reason1 or good s5se1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( gramm>4 ,!re=e1 a diff]5t expression %\ld "h be *os52 ?us3 ,& sometimes two unacc5t$ syllables come toge!r4 ,or3 ,& sometimes "o unacc5t$ syllable foll[s an o!r4 7#b47 ,:at n\ns frequ5tly succe$ ea* o!r8--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 7#c47 ,words are d]iv$ f "o ano!r 9 v>i\s ways4--,ib41 p4 #bhh2 ,m]*ant's ,gram41 #gh2 ,weld's1 #b;d ,edition1 #bbb4 7#d47 ,prepositions are d]iv$ f ! two ,lat9 words pr & pono1 :i* signify be=e & place4--,mack's ,gram41 p4 #hf4 7#e47 ,he 0 sadly laugh$ at = su* conduct4--,bullion's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #gi4 7#f47 ,e adjective pron\n belongs to "s n\n or pron\n express$ or und]/ood4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bab4 7#g47 ,if he ,addison fails 9 any?+1 x is 9 want ( /r5g? & precision1 :i* r5d]s 8 mann] n altoge!r a prop] model4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ahg4 7#h47 ,inde$1 if ,horace be defici5t 9 any ?+1 x is 9 ?is1 ( n be+ suffici5tly att5tive to juncture & connexion ( p>ts4--,ib41 p4 #dja4 7#i47 ,! pupil is n[ suppos$ to be acqua9t$ ) ! n9e sorts ( spee*1 & _! mo/ usual modifications4--,taylor's ,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #bjd4 7#aj47 ,i c\ld see1 he>1 ta/e1 & smell ! rose4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aef4 7#aa47 ,! triph?ong i\ is sometimes pron\nc$ di/9ctly 9 two syllables2 z 9 bili\s1 v>i\s1 ab/emi\s4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ac2 ,walk]'s ,dict41 ,pr94 #bib1 p4 #cg4 7#ab47 ,! diph?ong aa g5]ally s\nds l a %ort 9 prop] names2 z 9 ,balaam1 ,canaan1 ,isaac2 b n 9 ,baal1 ,gaal4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 7#ac47 ,p>ticiples are sometimes gov]n$ by ! article2 = ! pres5t p>ticiple1 ) ! def9ite article ! be=e x1 becomes a sub/antive4--,ib41 p4 #aib4 7#ad47 ,words end+ ) y1 prec$$ by a consonant1 =m ! plurals ( n\ns1 ! p]sons ( v]bs1 v]bal n\ns1 pa/ p>ticiples1 comp>atives & sup]latives1 by *ang+ y into i4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict41 p4 viii2 ,murray's ,gram41 #bc2 ,m]*ant's ,murray1 #ac2 ,fisk's1 #dd2 ,kirkham's1 #bc2 ,gre5leaf's1 #bj2 ,wright's ,gram41 #bh2 et al4 7#ae47 ,b y prec$$ by a v[el1 9 su* in/ances z ! above1 is n *ang$2 z boy1 boys4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bd2 ,m]*ant's1 ,fisk's1 ,kirkham's1 ,gre5leaf's1 et al4 7#af47 ,b :5 y is prec$$ by a v[el1 x is v r>ely#dee *ang$ 9 ! additional syllable3 z coy1 coyly4--,murray's ,gram4 aga91 p4 #bd2 ,m]*ant's1 #ad2 ,fisk's1 #de2 ,gre5leaf's1 #bj2 ,wright's1 #bi2 et al4 7#ag47 ,b :5 y is prec$$ by a v[el1 9 su* in/ances1 x is v r>ely *ang$ into i2 z coy1 ,,coyless4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 7#ah47 ,s5t5ces are ( a tw(old nature3 ,simple & ,comp\nd4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #abc4 7#ai47 ,! neut] pron\n x is appli$ to all n\ns & pron\ns3 z1 ,x is he2 x is %e2 x is !y2 x is ! l&4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 7#bj47 ,x is & x 01 are (t5 us$ 9 a plural con/ruction2 z1 ',x 0 ! h]etics :o fir/ began to rail4'--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #hg4 7#ba47 ,x is & x 01 are (t51 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,fr5*1 us$ 9 a plural con/ruction1 & by "s ( our be/ writ]s3 z1 ',x 0 ! h]etics t fir/ began to rail4' ,smollett4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aij2 ,murray's1 #aeh2 ,smi?'s1 #acd2 ,+]soll's1 #baj2 ,fisk's1 #aae2 et al4 7#bb47 w & y1 z consonants1 h "o s\nd4--,t[n's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #i4 7#bc47 ,! conjunction z is frequ5tly us$ z a relative4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 7#bd47 ,:5 sev]al clauses succe$ ea* o!r1 ! conjunction may be omitt$ ) propriety4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #ig4 7#be47 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! memb]s succe$+ ea* o!r1 are v closely connect$1 ! comma is unnecess>y3 z1 ',revelation tells u h[ we may atta9 happ9ess4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgc2 ,m]*ant's1 #aea2 ,russell's1 #aae2 ,comly's1 #aeb2 ,alg]'s1 #hj2 ,smi?'s1 #aij2 et al4 7#bf47 ,! m9d has difficulty 9 pass+ readily ?r\gh s _m diff]5t views giv5 x1 9 quick succession1 ( ! same object4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #adi4 7#bg47 ,! m9d has difficulty 9 pass+ readily ?r\gh _m diff]5t views ( ! same object1 pres5t$ 9 quick succession4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cda4 7#bh47 ,adjective pron\ns are a k9d ( adjectives :i* po9t out n\ns by "s di/9ct specification4--,kirkham's ,gram41 ! ,comp5d1 or ,table4 7#bi47 ,a n\n ( multitude convey+ plurality ( idea#def1 mu/ h a v]b or pron\n agree+ ) x 9 ! plural4--,ib41 pp4 #ei & #aha3 see also ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gd2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #aeb2 ,comly's1 #hj2 ,l5nie's1 #hg2 ,alg]'s1 #ed2 ,jaudon's1 #if2 ,ald5's1 #ha2 ,p>k] & ,fox's1 ,i1 #gf2 ,,ii1 #bf2 & o!rs4 7#cj47 ,a n\n or pron\n signify+ possession1 is gov]n$ by ! n\n x possesses4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #ce4 7#ca47 ,a n\n signify+ possession1 is gov]n$ by ! n\n :i* x possesses4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 7#cb47 ,a n\n or pron\n 9 ! possessive case is gov]n$ by ! n\n x possesses4--,goldsbury's ,gram41 p4 #fh4 7#cc47 ,! possessive case is gov]n$ by ! p]son or ?+ possess$2 z1 '?is is 8 book4'--,p4 ,e4 ,day's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 7#cd47 ,a n\n or pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! n\n :i* x possesses4--,kirkham's ,gram41 ,rule #ab?1 pp4 #eb & #aha2 ,fraz]'s ,gram41 #ahdd1 p4 #be2 ,f4 ,h4 ,mill]'s1 #ba4 7#ce47 ,"h ! boy is repres5t$ z act+4 ,he is1 !re=e1 9 ! nom9ative case4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#cf47 ,"s ( ! auxili>ies are !mselves pr9cipal v]bs1 z3 h1 d1 w1 & am1 or be4--,coop]'s ,gramm>s1 bo?1 p4 #ej4 7#cg47 ,n\ns ( ! male k9d are mascul9e4 ,^? ( ! female k9d are fem99e4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #f4 7#ch47 ',to-day's lesson is long] ?an ye/]day's3' "h to-day & ye/]day are sub/antives4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aad2 ,+]soll's1 #ej2 et al4 7#ci47 ,9 ?is example1 to-day & ye/]day are n\ns 9 ! possessive case4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 7#dj47 ,an ,indian 9 ,brita9 w\ld be mu* surpris$ to /umble ^u an elephant fe$+ at l>ge 9 ! op5 fields4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bai4 7#da47 ,if we 7 to contrive a new language1 we might make any articulate s\nd ! sign ( any idea3 !re w\ld be no impropriety 9 call+ ox5 m51 or rational be+s by ! "n ( ox54--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aci4 7#db47 ,all ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce %\ld correspond to ea* o!r4--,ib41 p4 #bbb2 ,kirkham's1 #aic2 ,+]soll's1 #bge2 ,goldsbury's1 #gd2 ,hiley's1 #aaj2 ,weld's1 #aic2 ,alg]'s1 #ga2 ,fisk's1 #adh2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #ie2 ,m]*ant's1 #aja2 ,m]*ant's ,murray1 #ie4 7#dc47 ,full ?r\gh 8 neck ! weighty fal*ion sp$1 ,along ! pavem5t roll'd ! mutt'r+ head4 --,odyssey1 xxii1 #cfe4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,vii4--,,( ,,self-,,contradiction4 7#a47 ,?\gh ! con/ruction w n admit ( a plural v]b1 ! s5t5ce w\ld c]ta9ly /& bett] ?us3 ',! k+1 ! lords1 & ! commons1 =m an excell5t con/itution4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aea2 ,+]soll's1 #bci4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! fir/ clause "h quot$ is contradict$ by ! la/4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #g?1 ,e writ] or speak] %\ld be c>eful n to contradict himself2 = :at is self-contradictory1 is bo? null 9 argum5t1 & bad 9 /yle4 ,! foll[+ *ange may remove ! discrepance3 ,?\gh ',! k+ ) ! lords & commons1' mu/ h a s+ul> r ?an a plural v]b1 ! s5t5ce w\ld c]ta9ly /& bett] ?us3 ',! k+1 ! lords1 & ! commons1 =m an excell5t con/itution4' 7#b47 ,l has always a s(t liquid s\nd2 z 9 love1 bill[1 qu>rel4 ,x is sometimes mute3 z 9 half1 talk1 psalm4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ad2 ,fisk's1 #dj4 7#c47 ,l has always a s(t liquid s\nd2 z 9 love1 bill[4 ,x is (t5 sil5t2 z 9 half1 talk1 almond4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 7#d47 ,! words means & am5ds1 ?\gh =m]ly us$ 9 ! s+ul>1 z well z 9 ! plural numb]1 are n[1 by polite writ]s1 re/rict$ to ! latt]4 ,our mo/ di/+ui%$ mod]n au?ors say1 'by ?is means1' z well z1 by ^! means4'--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #aej4 7#e47 ',a fri5d exagg]ates a man's virtues3 an enemy inflames 8 crimes4' ,bett] ?us3 ',a fri5d exagg]ates a man's virtues3 an enemy 8 crimes4'--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cbe4 ,a fri5d exagg]ates a man's virtues1 an enemy inflames 8 crimes--,key1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #agc4 7#f47 ,! auxili>y h1 9 ! p]fect t5se ( ! subjunctive mood1 %\ld be avoid$4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,subjunctive ,mood1 ,p]fect ,t5se4 ,if ,i h lov$1 ,if ?\ ha/ lov$1 c4--p4 #ea4 7#g47 ,!re is also an impropriety 9 gov]n+ bo? ! indicative & subjunctive moods1 ) ! same conjunction2 z1 ',if a man h a hundr$ %eep1 & if "o ( !m be gone a/ray1' c4 ,x %\ld be1 & "o ( !m is gone a/ray1 c4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 7#h47 ,! ris+ s]ies ( contra/s convey inexpressible dignity & en]gy to ! conclusion4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #gi4 7#i47 ,a groan or a %riek is in/antly und]/ood1 z a language extort$ by di/ress1 a language :i* no art c c\nt]feit1 & :i* conveys a mean+ t words are utt]ly inadequate to express4--,port]'s ,analysis1 p4 #abg4 ,a groan or %riek speaks to ! e>1 z ! language ( di/ress1 ) f> m ?rill+ effect ?an words4 ,yet ^! may be c\nt]feit$ by art4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 7#aj47 ,^! words book & p5 _c be put toge!r 9 su* a way z w con/itute plurality4--,james ,br[n's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #abe4 7#aa47 ,nor c ! real p51 & ! real book be express$ 9 two words 9 su* a mann] z w con/itute plurality 9 gramm>4--,ibid4 7#ab47 ,our is an adjective pron\n ( ! possessive k9d4 ,decl9e x4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bbg4 7#ac47 ,?is & t1 & likewise _! ,plurals1 are always oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 a ,s5t5ce4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #ajc4 ,:5 ?is or t is us$ alone1 i4e4 n oppos$ to ea* o!r1 ?is is writt5 or spok5 ( ,p]sons or ,?+s imm$iately pres5t1 & z x 7 be=e our ,eyes1 or ne>e/ ) relation to ,place or ,"t4 ,t is spok5 or writt5 ( ,p]sons or ,?+s pass$1 abs5t & di/ant 9 relation to ,"t & ,place4--,ibid4 7#ad47 ,active & neut] v]bs may be conjugat$ by add+ _! pres5t p>ticiple to ! auxili>y v]b to be1 ?r\gh all its v>iations4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aei4 ,be is an auxili>y :5ev] x is plac$ be=e ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ano!r v]b1 b 9 e o!r situation1 x is a pr9cipal v]b4--,ib41 p4 #aee4 7#ae47 ,a v]b 9 ! imp]ative mood1 is always ( ! second p]son4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,! v]bs1 accord+ to an idiom ( our language1 or ! poet's lic5se1 are us$ 9 ! imp]ative1 agree+ ) a nom9ative ( ! fir/ or ?ird p]son4--,ib41 p4 #afd4 7#af47 ,p]sonal ,pron\ns are di/+ui%$ f ! relative1 by _! d5ot+ ! p]son ( ! n\ns = :i* !y /&4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,pron\ns ( ! fir/ p]son1 d n agree 9 p]son ) ! n\ns !y repres5t4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 7#ag47 ,n\ns h ?ree cases1 nom9ative1 possessive1 & objective4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,p]sonal pron\ns h1 l n\ns1 two cases1 nom9ative & objective4--,ib41 p4 #aj4 7#ah474 ,9 "s in/ances ! preposition suff]s no *ange1 b becomes an adv]b m]ely by its application3 z1 ',he 0 ne> fall+4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 7#ai47 ,"s n\ns are us$ only 9 ! plural2 z1 a%es1 lit]ati1 m9uti1 ,,%eep1 ,,de]4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,"s n\ns are ! same 9 bo? numb]s1 z1 alms1 c\ple1 ,,de]1 s]ies1 species1 pair1 ,,%eep4--,ibid4 ,among ! inf]ior p>ts ( spee* !re are "s pairs or c\ples--,ib41 p4 #id4 7#bj47 ,conc]n+ ! pronom9al adjectives1 t c & c n1 may & may n1 repres5ts its n\n4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ccf4 7#ba47 ,! article a is 9 a few in/ances employ$ 9 ! s5se ( a preposition2 z1 ,simon ,pet] said ,i g a to fi%+4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #agg2 ,abridg41 #abh4 ',to g a fi%+2' i4e4 to g on a fi%+ voyage or bus9ess4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #aib4 7#bb47 ,s also v]bs1 really transitive1 are us$ intransitively1 :5 !y h no object4--,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #fj4 7#bc47 ,:5 fir/ "y ,m>o1 9 8 b\ndless m9d1 ,a "w t' outla/ immortal ,rome design'd4 --,pope1 on ,crit41 l4 #acj4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,viii4--,,( ,,s5seless ,,jumbl+4 ,numb] di/+ui%es !m viz41 n\ns1 z "o1 or _m1 ( ! same k9d1 call$ ! s+ul> & plural4--,dr4 ,blair's ,lectures on ,rhetoric1 p4 #gd4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! words ( ?is text appe> to be s c>elessly put toge!r1 z to make no?+ b j>gon1 or a sort ( s*ola/ic bald]da%4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #h?1 ,to jumble toge!r words )\t c>e = ! s5se1 is an unp>donable neglig5ce1 & an abuse ( ! human und]/&+4 ,i ?9k ! le>n$ au?or %\ld r h said3 ,!re are two numb]s call$ ! s+ul> & ! plural1 :i* di/+ui% n\ns z signify+ ei!r "o ?+1 or _m ( ! same k9d4 ,"h ! n\n ,james ,munroe is address$1 he is spok5 to1 x is "h a n\n ( ! second p]son4--,mack's ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,! numb] & case ( a v]b c nev] be asc]ta9$ until its nom9ative is kn[n4--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #cf4 ,a n\n ( multitude1 or signify+ _m1 may h ! v]b & pron\n agree+ ) x ei!r 9 ! s+ul> or plural numb]2 yet n )\t reg>d to ! import ( ! ^w1 z convey+ unity or plurality ( idea4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ge2 ,murray's1 #aeb2 ,alg]'s1 #ed2 ,russell's1 #ee2 ,+]soll's1 #bdh2 et al4 ,to express ! pres5t & pa/ imp]fect ( ! active & neut] v]b1 ! auxili>y d is sometimes us$3 ,i d 7n[7 love2 ,i did 7!n7 love4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,if ^! are p]fectly committ$1 !y w be able to take tw5ty l9es = a lesson on ! second day2 & may be increas$ ea* day4--,osborn's ,key1 p4 #d4 ,:5 c is jo9$ ) h 7*71 !y are g5]ally s\nd$ 9 ! same mann]3 z 9 ,*>les1 *ur*1 *e]fulness1 & *eese4 ,b =eign words 7except 9 ^? d]iv$ f ! ,fr5*1 z *agr91 *ican]y1 & *aise1 9 :i* * are s\nd$ l %7 are pron\nc$ l k2 z 9 ,*aos1 "*1 *orus1 & *im]a4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,"s sub/antives1 naturally neut]1 are1 by a figure ( spee*1 conv]t$ into ! mascul9e or fem99e g5d]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cg2 ,comly's1 #bj2 ,bacon's1 #ac2 ,a ,tea*]'s1 #h2 ,alg]'s1 #af2 ,l5nie's1 #aa2 ,fisk's1 #ef2 ,m]*ant's1 #bg2 ,kirkham's1 #ce2 et al4 ,words 9 ! ,engli% language may be classifi$ "u t5 g5]al heads1 ! names ( :i* classes are usually t]m$ ! t5 p>ts ( spee*4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ',m]cy is ! true badge ( nobility4' ,nobility is a n\n ( multitude1 mas4 & fem4 g5d]1 ?ird p]son1 s+4 & 9 ! obj4 case1 & gov]n$ by '(3' ,,rule #ca4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #afa4 gh1 are ei!r sil5t1 or h ! s\nd ( f1 z 9 laugh4--,t[n's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #aj4 ,z _m p z 7 de/roy$1 7 z _m languages or dialects lo/ & blott$ out f ! g5]al catalogue4--,*azotte's ,essay1 p4 #be4 ,! gramm>s ( "s languages conta9 a great] numb] ( ! moods1 ?an o!rs1 & exhibit !m 9 diff]5t =ms4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo4 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ie4 ,a ,,comp>ison ,,or ,,simile1 is1 :5 ! resemblance betwe5 two objects is express$ 9 =m1 & g5]ally pursu$ m fully ?an ! nature ( a metaphor admits4--,ib41 p4 #cdc4 ,9 "s dialects1 ! ^w :at is improp]ly us$ = t1 & sometimes we f9d x 9 ?is s5se 9 writ+4--,ib41 p4 #aef2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 #ic2 ,smi?'s1 #acb2 ,m]*ant's1 #hg2 ,fisk's1 #aad2 ,+]soll's1 #bbj2 et al4 ,br[n makes great ado conc]n+ ! adname pr9ciples ( prec$+ works1 9 relation to ! g5d] ( pron\ns4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cbc4 ,! nom9ative prec$es & p]=ms ! action ( ! v]b4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,! ,primitive are ^? :i* _c receive m simple =ms ?an ^? :i* !y already possess4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #bh4 ,! long s\nd ( i is always m>k$ by ! e f9al 9 monosyllables2 z1 ?91 ?9e2 except give1 live4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ac2 ,fisk's1 #ci2 et al4 ,b ! ?ird p]son or ?+ spok5 ( be+ abs5t1 & 9 _m respects unkn[n1 x is necess>y t x %\ld be m>k$ by a di/9ction ( g5d]4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ba2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #ea2 et al4 ,ea* ( ! diph?ongal lett]s 0 d\btless1 orig9ally he>d 9 pron\nc+ ! words :i* conta9 !m4 ,?\gh ?is is n ! case at pres5t1 ) respect to _m ( !m1 ^! comb9ations /ill reta9 ! "n ( diph?ongs2 b1 to di/+ui% !m1 !y are m>k$ by ! t]m improp]4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #i2 ,fisk's1 #cg2 et al4 ,a ,mode is ! =m (1 or mann] ( us+ a v]b1 by :i* ! be+1 action1 or passion is express$ --,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,! ^w t is a demon/rative pron\n :5 x is foll[$ imm$iately by a sub/antive1 to :i* x is ei!r jo9$1 or ref]s1 & :i* x limits or qualifies4--,l9dley ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,! guiltless woe ( be+ pa/1 ,is future glory's dea?less heir4--,sumn] ,l4 ,fairfield4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,ix4--,,( ,,words ,,ne$less4 ,a k ( gramm> enables u to express ourselves bett] 9 conv]sation & 9 writ+ composition4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w composition is "h ne$less4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #i?1 ,words t are entirely ne$less1 & especially su* z injure or encumb] ! expression1 ought 9 g5]al to be omitt$4 ,! s5t5ce w\ld be bett] )\t ?is ^w1 ?us3 ,a k ( gramm> enables u to express ourselves bett] 9 conv]sation & 9 writ+4 ,& h5ce we inf]1 t !re is no o!r dictator "h b use4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #db4 ,:5ce little else is ga9$1 except correct spell+ & pronunciation4--,t[n's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #e4 ,! man :o is fai?fully atta*$ to religion1 may be reli$ on1 ) humble confid5ce4--,m]*ants ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,%alt ?\ build me an h\se = me to dwell 98--#b ,sam41 vii1 #e4 ,! h\se 0 deem$ pollut$ :i* 0 ent]$ into by s ab&on$ a woman4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgi4 ,! f>!r t he se>*es1 ! firm] w be 8 belief4--,kei?'s ,evid5ces1 p4 #d4 ,i d5y n1 b t religion consi/s 9 ^! ?+s4--,b>clays ,works1 i1 #cba4 ,except ! k+ delight$ 9 h]1 & t %e 7 call$ by "n4--,e/h]1 ii1 #ad4 ,! prop] me?od ( read+ ^! l9es1 is to read !m accord+ z ! s5se dictates4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #chf4 ,:5 any words become obsolete1 or at lea/ are nev] us$1 except z con/itut+ "p ( p>ticul> phrases1 x is bett] to disp5se ) _! s]vice entirely1 & give up ! phrases4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ahe2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cgj4 ,^? savage p seem$ to h no elem5t b t ( w>4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #baa4 ,man is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & 9 ! nom9ative case4--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,! orator1 accord+ z circum/ances require1 w employ !m all4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdg4 ,by def]r+ our rep5tance1 we accumulate our sorr[s4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 p4 #aff4 ,!re is no d\bt b t public speak+ became e>ly an eng9e ( gov]nm5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bde4 ,! diff]5t mean+ ( ^! two fir/ words may n at fir/ occur4--,ib41 p4 #bbe4 ,! s5tim5t is well express$ by ,plato1 b mu* bett] by ,solomon ?an him4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bad2 ,+]soll's1 #bea2 ,smi?'s1 #agi2 et al4 ,!y h _h a great] privilege ?an we h _h4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #baa4 ,e ?+ %\ld be s arrang$1 z t :at goes be=e may give light & =ce to :at foll[s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #caa4 ,s z t 8 doctr9es 7 embrac$ by great numb]s4--,,univ4 ,,hi/43 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aci4 ,!y h tak5 ano!r & a %ort] cut4--,,s\?3 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,! ,imp]fect ,t5se ( a regul> v]b is =m$ f ! pres5t by add+ d or ed to ! pres5t2 z1 ',i lov$4'--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,! pron\n _! does n agree 9 g5d] or numb] ) ! n\n 'man1' = :i* x /&s4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 ,?is m>k d5otes any ?+ ( wond]1 surprise1 joy1 grief1 or sudd5 emotion4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,we are all acc\ntable creatures1 ea* = himself4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bjd2 ,m]*ant's1 #aie4 ,if he has comm&$ x1 !n ,i mu/ obey4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 pp4 #aaj & #aab4 ,i n[ pres5t him ) a =m ( ! diatonic scale4--,dr4 ,john ,b>b]'s ,elocution1 p4 xi4 ,"o aft] ano!r ( _! fav\rite riv]s h be5 reluctantly ab&on$4--,hodgson's ,t\r4 ,p>ticul> & peculi> are words ( diff]5t import f ea* o!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aif4 ,"s adv]bs admit rules ( comp>ison3 z ,soon1 soon]1 soone/4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,f hav+ expos$ himself too freely 9 diff]5t climates1 he entirely lo/ 8 heal?4--,murray's ,key4 p4 #bjj4 ,! ,v]b mu/ agree ) its ,nom9ative be=e x 9 ,numb] & ,p]son4--,bu*anan's ,syntax1 p4 #ic4 ,write tw5ty %ort s5t5ces conta9+ only adjectives4--,abbot's ,tea*]1 p4 #ajb4 ,?is g5]al incl9ation & t5d5cy ( ! language seems to h giv5 occasion to ! introduc+ ( a v great corruption4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fj4 ,! second requisite ( a p]fect s5t5ce1 is its ,unity4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #caa4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to apologize = omitt+ to ins]t _! names4--,ib41 p4 vii4 ,! lett]s ( ! ,engli% ,language1 call$ ! ,engli% ,alphabet1 are tw5ty-six 9 numb]4--,ib41 p4 #b2 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 #e2 ,fisk's1 #aj2 ,alg]'s1 #i2 et al4 ,a writ] :o employs antiquat$ or novel phraseology1 mu/ d x ) design3 he _c err f inadv]t5ce z he may d x ) respect to prov9cial or vulg> expressions4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ef4 ,! ,vocative case1 9 "s ,gramm>s1 is :olly omitt$2 :y1 if we mu/ h cases1 ,i c\ld nev] und]/& ! propriety (4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,active v]bs are conjugat$ ) ! auxili>y v]b ,i h2 passive v]bs are conjugat$ ) ! auxili>y v]b ,i am4--,ib41 p4 #eg4 ,:at ^w1 !n1 may & be call$8 ,a ,conjunction4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,h !y asc]ta9$ ! p]son :o gave ! in=mation8--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,x4--,,( ,,improp] ,,omissions4 ,all qualities ( ?+s are call$ adn\ns1 or adjectives4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ?is expression lacks two or ?ree words :i* are necess>y to ! s5se int5d$4 ,b accord+ to ,critical ,note #aj?1 ,words necess>y to ! s5se1 or ev5 to ! melody or beauty ( a s5t5ce1 ought seldom1 if ev]1 to be omitt$4 ,! s5t5ce may be am5d$ ?us3 ,all words signify+ concrete qualities ( ?+s1 are call$ adn\ns1 or adjectives4 ,!--signifies ! long or acc5t$ syllable1 & ! breve indicates a %ort or unacc5t$ syllable4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,^: duty is to help "y m9i/]s4--,n4 ,e4 ,discipl9e1 p4 #gh4 ,! passage is closely connect$ ) :at prec$es & foll[s4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bee ,! "w is n complet$1 b soon w be4--,smi?'s ,productive ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,( :om ha/ ?\ be5 afraid or fe>$8--,isaiah1 lvii1 #aa4 ,!re is a ,god :o made & gov]ns ! _w4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #bfc4 ,x 0 ?is made !m s haughty4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ajb4 ,h[ f> ! :ole *>ge affect$ him is n easy to det]m9e4-- ,ib41 i1 p4 #ahi4 ,!y saw1 & wor%ipp$ ! ,god1 t made !m4-- ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #aeg4 ,! errors frequ5t 9 ! use ( hyp]boles1 arise ei!r f ov]/ra9+1 or introduc+ !m on unsuitable occasions4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bef4 ,! preposition 9 is set be=e c\ntries1 cities1 & l>ge t[ns2 z1 ',he lives 9 ,france1 9 ,london1 or 9 ,birm+ham4' ,b be=e villages1 s+le h\ses1 & cities :i* are 9 di/ant c\ntries1 at is us$2 z1 ',he lives at ,hackney4'--,ib41 p4 #bjd2 ,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 #fj2 ,+]soll's1 #bcb2 ,smi?'s1 #agj2 ,fisk's1 #adc2 et al4 ,&1 9 su* recollection1 ! ?+ is n figur$ z 9 our view1 nor any image =m$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hf4 ,intr9sic & relative beauty mu/ be h&l$ sep>ately4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ccf4 ,he %\ld be on 8 gu>d n to d !m inju/ice1 by disguis+1 or plac+ !m 9 a false light4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bgb4 ,9 t "w1 we are frequ5tly int]rupt$ by unnatural ?\ghts4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bge4 ,to ?is po9t h t5d$ all ! rules ,i h giv54--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abj4 ,to ^! po9ts h t5d$ all ! rules :i* h be5 giv54--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cef4 ,language1 z writt51 or oral1 is address$ to ! eye1 or to ! e>4--,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #aha4 ,he w le>n1 ,sir1 t to accuse & prove are v diff]5t4--,walpole4 ,!y cr[d$ ar\nd ! door s z to prev5t o!rs go+ out4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #ag4 ,"o p]son or ?+ is s+ul> numb]2 m ?an "o p]son or ?+ is plural numb]4--,john ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,accord+ to ! s5se or relation 9 :i* n\ns are us$1 !y are 9 ! ,,nom9ative or ,,possessive ,,case1 ?us1 nom4 man2 poss4 man's4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,n\ns or pron\ns 9 ! possessive case are plac$ be=e ! n\ns :i* gov]n !m1 to :i* !y belong4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ,a tea*] is expla9+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a n\n & v]b4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #gb4 ,& !re=e ! two ends1 or extremities1 mu/ directly answ] to ! nor? & s\? pole4--,,h>ris3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,gnomon4 ,walks or walke?1 rides or ride?1 /&s or /&e?1 are ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,i grew imm$iately rogui% & pleasant to a degree1 9 ! same /ra94--,,swift3 ,tattl]1 #ca4 ,an ,anap/ has ! fir/ syllables unacc5t$1 & ! la/ acc5t$4-- ,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aai4 ,an ,anap/ has ! fir/ two syllables unacc5t$1 & ! la/ acc5t$4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bai2 ,bullions's ,pr9ciples1 #agj4 ,an ,anap/ has ! two fir/ syllables unacc5t$1 & ! la/ acc5t$4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bed2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #cje2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 #ahh2 ,guy's ,gram41 #abj2 ,m]*ant's1 #afg2 ,russell's1 #aji2 ,picket's1 #bbf4 ,b he>+ & vision diff] n m ?an words spok5 & writt54--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,!y are consid]$ by "s prepositions4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,:5 ^? p[]s h be5 delud$ & gone a/ray4--,philological ,museum1 i1 #fdb4 ,!y w soon und]/& ?is1 & l x4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #ib4 ,!y h be5 expell$ _! native c\ntry ,romagna4--,leigh ,hunt1 on ,byron1 p4 #ah4 ,future "t is express$ two diff]5t ways4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #hj2 ,g\ld's1 #gh4 ,su* z ! borr[+ f hi/ory "s not$ ev5t4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bhj4 ,e ,v]b mu/ agree ) its ,nom9ative 9 ,numb] & ,p]son4--,burke's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,we are /ruck1 we "k n h[1 ) ! symmetry ( any ?+ we see4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bfh4 ,"u ?is head1 ,i %all consid] e ?+ necess>y to a good deliv]y4-- ,%]idan's ,lect41 p4 #bf4 ,a good e> is ! gift ( nature2 x may be mu* improv$1 b n acquir$ by art4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bih4 ',tru?1' ,a n\n1 neut]1 s+ul>1 ! nom9ative4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ',possess1' ,a v]b transitive1 pres5t1 indicative active1--?ird p]son plural4--,ibid41 #gc4 ,fe> is a n\n1 neut]1 s+ul>1 & is ! nom9ative to 7or subject (7 is4--,id41 ib41 p4 #acc4 ,is is a v]b1 intrans41 irregul>--am1 01 be52 x is 9 ! pres5t1 indicative1 ?ird p]son s+ul>1 & agrees ) its nom9ative fe>4 ,rule #a4 ',a v]b agrees1' c4--,ibid41 #acc4 ,ae 9 ,glic1 has ! s\nd ( long a4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #bi4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xi4--,,( ,,lit]>y ,,blund]s4 ,repeat "s adv]bs t are compos$ ( ! article a & n\ns4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! grammati/ "h mi/akes = ! article a1 ! prefix or preposition a2 z 9 aside1 a%ore1 afoot1 a/ray1 c4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #aa?1 ,grave blund]s made 9 ! "n ( le>n+1 are ! /ronge/ ( all c]tificates aga9/ ! books :i* conta9 !m unreprov$4 ,! error %\ld be correct$ ?us3 ,repeat "s adv]bs t are compos$ ( ! prefix a1 or preposition a1 & n\ns4 ,p>ticiples are s call$1 because d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 ^w p>ticipium1 :i* signifies to p>take4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,! possessive foll[s ano!r n\n1 & is kn[n by ! sign ( 's or (4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,reciprocal pron\ns are =m$ by add+ self or selves to ! possessive2 z1 myself1 y\rselves4-- ,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,! ^w self1 & its plural selves1 mu/ be consid]$ n\ns1 z !y occupy ! places ( n\ns1 & /& = ! names ( !m4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,! ,dactyl1 rolls r\nd1 expresses beautifully ! maje/y ( ! sun 9 8 c\rse4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #bca2 ,web/]'s ,imp4 ,gram41 p4 #afe2 ,frazee's ,imp4 ,gram41 p4 #aib4 ,prepositions gov]n ! objective case2 z1 ,john le>n$ 8 lesson4--,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,prosody prim>ily signifi$ punctuation2 & z ! "n implies1 relat$ to /opp+ by ! way4--,h5drick's ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,on su* a pr9ciple ( =m+ modes1 !re w\ld be z _m modes z v]bs2 & in/ead ( f\r modes1 we %\ld h =ty-?ree ?\s&1 :i* is ! numb] ( v]bs 9 ! ,engli% language1 accord+ to ,l[?4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,! foll[+ phrases are elliptical3 ',to let out blood4' ',to g a hunt+3' t is1' ,to g on a hunt+ excursion4'--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #abi4 ,9 ,rhyme1 ! la/ syllable ( e two l9es has ! same s\nd4--,id41 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #abi4 ,! possessive case plural1 end+ 9 es1 has ! apo/rophe1 b omits ! s2 z1 ,eagles' w+s4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #fb2 ,abridg41 p4 #ed4 ,horses 7plural7 -mane1 %\ld be writt5 horses' mane4--,weld'1 ib41 pp4 #fb & #ed4 ,w takes its writt5 =m f ! union ( two v's1 ?is be+ ! =m ( ! ,roman capital lett] :i* we call ,v4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 p4 #aeg4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ',i saw ! lady :o s+s1' :at ^w d ,i say s+s8--,j4 ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 '?is is ! p5 :i* ,john made1' :at ^w d ,i say ,john made8--,ibid4 ',t we fall into no s93' no1 an adv]b us$ idiomatically1 in/ead ( we d n fall into any s94--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ',t all our do+s may be ord]$ by ?y gov]nance3' all1 a pron\n us$ = ! :ole4--,ibid4 ',let him be made to /udy4' ,:at causes ! sign to to be express$ be=e /udy8 ,its be+ us$ 9 ! passive voice aft] be made4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,! foll[+ ,v]bs h nei!r ,pret]-,t5se nor ,passive-p>ticiple1 viz4 ,ca/1 cut1 co/1 %ut1 let1 bid1 %$1 hurt1 hit1 put1 c4-- ,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #fj4 ,! agreem5t1 :i* e ^w has ) ! o!rs 9 p]son1 g5d]1 & case1 is call$ ,,concord2 & t p[] :i* "o p]son ( spee* has ov] ano!r1 9 respect to rul+ its case1 mood1 or t5se1 is call$ ,,gov]nm5t4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,! ^w ticks tells :at ! n\n wat* does4-- ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,breve 77 m>ks a %ort v[el or syllable1 & ! da% 7--7 a long4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aeg2 ,l5nie1 #acg4 ,*>les1 y1 by y\r dilig5ce1 make easy "w ( ! task giv5 y by y\r preceptor4' ,! fir/ y is us$ 9 ! nom4 poss4 & obj4 case4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,ouy 9 b\y is a prop] trip?ong4 ,eau 9 flambeau is an improp] trip?ong4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bee4 ',:ile ,i ( ?+s to come1 ,z pa/ rehe>s+1 s+4' ,,pollok4 ,t is1 ',:ile ,i s+ ( ?+s :i* are to come1 z "o s+s ( ?+s :i* are pa/ rehe>s+4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #afi4 ,a simple s5t5ce has 9 x b "o nom9ative1 & "o neut] v]b4--,folk]'s ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,an ,irregul> ,v]b is t :i* has its pass$ t5se & p]fect p>ticiple t]m9at+ diff]5tly2 z1 smite1 smote1 smitt54--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,b :5 ! antec$5t is us$ 9 a g5]al s5se1 a comma is prop]ly ins]t$ be=e ! relative2 z1 ',!re is no *>m 9 ! female sex1 :i* c supply ! place ( virtue4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bac4 ,two capitals 9 ?is way d5ote ! plural numb]2 ,l4 ,d4 ,legis ,doctor2 ,,ll4 ,d4 ,legum ,doctor4--,g\ld's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bgd4 ,0 any p]son besides ! m]c] pres5t8 ,yes1 bo? he & 8 cl]k4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahh4 ,adn\n1 or ,adjective1 comes f ! ,lat91 ad & jicio1 to add to4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,ano!r figure ( spee*1 prop] only to animat$ & w>m composition1 is :at "s critical writ]s call vision2 :51 9 place ( relat+ "s ?+ t is pa/1 we use ! pres5t t5se1 & describe x z actually pass+ be=e our eyes4 ,?us ,cic]o1 9 8 f\r? oration aga9/ ,catal9e3 ',i seem to myself to behold ?is city1 ! ornam5t ( ! e>?1 & ! capital ( all nations1 sudd5ly involv$ 9 "o conflagration4 ,i see be=e me ! slaught]$ heaps ( citiz5s ly+ unburi$ 9 ! mid/ ( _! ru9$ c\ntry4 ,! furi\s c\nt5ance ( ,ce!gus rises to my view1 :ile ) a savage joy he is triumph+ 9 y\r mis]ies4'--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aga4 ,vision is ano!r figure ( spee*1 :i* is prop] only 9 animat$ & w>m composition4 ,x is produc$ :51 in/ead ( relat+ some?+ t is pa/1 we use ! pres5t t5se1 c4-- ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ceb4 ,:5 sev]al v]bs foll[ "o ano!r1 hav+ ! same nom9ative1 ! auxili>y is frequ5tly omitt$ aft] ! fir/ ?r\gh an ellipsis1 & und]/ood to ! re/2 z1 ',he has gone & left me2' t is1 ',he has gone1 & has left me4' --,comly's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,:5 ,i use ! ^w pill> z support+ an edifice1 ,i employ x lit]ally4--,hiley's ,gram41 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #acc4 ,! conjunction nor is (t5 us$ = nei!r2 z1 ',simois nor ,xan?us %all be want+ !re4'--,ib41 p4 #abi4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xii4--,,( ,,p]v]sions4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ccj2 ,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #agi2 ,melmo?1 on ,scripture1 p4 #af4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ?is read+ is false 9 relation to ! ^w heav5s2 nor is x usual to put a comma aft] ! ^w beg9n+4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #ab?1 ,pro(-te/s 9 gramm>1 if n 9 all argum5t1 %\ld be quot$ lit]ally2 & ev5 t :i* ne$s to be correct$1 mu/ nev] be p]v]t$4 ,! au?oriz$ text is ?is3 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4--,g541 i1 #a4 ,can/ ?\1 by se>*+1 f9d out ! ,"l8--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cce4 ,great is ! ,"l1 j & true are ?y ways1 ?\ k+ ( sa9ts4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aga2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #afh2 ,m]*ant's1 #ij2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #ade2 ,+]soll's1 #aid2 ,ensell's1 #ccj2 ,fisk's1 #ajd2 et al4 ,e "o t sai? unto me1 ,"l1 ,"l1 %all n ent] into ! k+dom ( heav54--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #acg4 ,?\gh he 0 ri*1 yet = our sakes he became poor4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #baa2 ,bullions's1 #aaa & #aac2 ,ev]e/'s1 #bcj2 ,smi?'s1 #agg2 et al4 ,^: f\ndation 0 ov]fl[n ) a flood4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,job1 xxii1 #af4 ,take my yoke ^u ye1 = my yoke is easy4--,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 iv1 p4 #aej4 ,i w to prep>e a place = y4--,weld's ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #fg4 ,ye :o are dead ha? he quick5$4--lb41 p4 #ahi2 ,imp4 ,ed41 #aie4 ,g1 flee !e away into ! l& ( ,judea4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #aae4 ,hi!rto %alt ?\ come1 & no f>!r4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bbb4 ,?9e is ! day & night4--,br[n's ,concordance1 p4 #hb4 ,fai? worke? pati5ce2 & pati5ce1 exp]i5ce2 & exp]i5ce1 hope4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bhb4 ,soon %all ! du/ return to du/1 & ! s\l1 to ,god :o gave x4 ,,bible4--,ib41 p4 #aff4 ,=1 9 ! end1 x bite? l a s]p5t1 & /+e? l an add]4 ,x w lead !e into de/ruction1 & cause !e to utt] p]v]se ?+s4 ,?\ wilt be l him :o lie? d[n 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,,bible4--,ib41 p4 #afg4 ,! memory ( ! j %all be honor$3 b ! "n ( ! wick$ %all rot4 ,,bible4--,ib41 p4 #afh4 ,he t is sl[ 9 ang]1 is bett] ?an ! mighty4 ,he t rule? 8 _s1 is bett] ?an he t take? a city4 ,,bible4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,! ,"l love? :omsoev] he correcte?2 z ! fa!r correcte? ! son 9 :om he delighte?4 ,,bible4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,! fir/ future t5se repres5ts :at is to take place h]eaft]4 ,g4 ,b4--,ib41 p4 #cff4 ,tea* me to feel ano!r's wo2 & ,to hide :at faults ,i see4--,ib41 p4 #aig4 ,?y spee* bewraye? !e2 = ?\ art a ,gallilean4--,murray's ,ex41 ii1 p4 #aah4 ,?y spee* betrays !e2 = ?\ art a ,gallilean4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bej4 ,/rait is ! gate1 & n>r[ ! way1 t leads to life et]nal4--,ib41 ,key1 p4 #agb4 ,/raight is ! gate1 c4--,ib41 ,ex41 p4 #cf4 ',?\ builde/ ! wall1 t ?\ may/ be _! k+4' ,neh41 vi1 #f4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #baj4 ',!re is =giv5ess ) !e1 t ?\ may/ be fe>$4' ,psalms1 cxxx1 #d4--;,ib41 p4 #baj4 ,b ye/]day1 ! ^w1 ,ces>1 might ,h /ood aga9/ ! _w4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #caf4 ,! nor!a/ sp5ds its rage4 ,,?omson4--,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,effusive4 ,tells h[ ! drudg+ goblet swet4 ,,milton4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bfc4 ,& to 8 fai?ful s]vant ha? 9 place ,bore witness glori\sly4 ,,sam4 ,,agon4--,ib41 p4 #bff4 ,!n1 if ?\ falle/1 ,o ,cromwell1 ,?\ falle/ a bless$ m>tyr4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #aij4 ,i see ! dagg]-cre/ ( ,m>1 ,i see ! ,morays' silv] />1 ,waves o'er ! cl\d ( ,saxon w>1 ,t up ! lake came w9d+ f>6--,,scott4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,ea* bird1 & ea* insect1 is happy 9 its k9d4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,!y :o are le>n+ to compose & arrange _! s5t5ces ) accuracy & ord]1 are le>n+1 at ! same "t1 to ?9k ) accuracy & ord]4 ,,blair4--,ib41 p4 #agf2 ,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 ,title-page1 #hvo & #abmo4 ,we1 !n1 z work]s toge!r ) y1 besee* y also1 t ye receive n ! grace ( ,god 9 va94--,james ,br[n's ,eng4 ,syntax1 p4 #abi4 ,& on ! b\nty ( ?y goodness calls4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bdf4 ,k dwells ,9 heads replete ) ?\ghts ( o!r m52 ,wisdom1 9 m9ds ret5tive to _! own4 ,,c[p]4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,oh6 let me li/5 to ! ^w ( life4 ,,?omson4--,ib41 p4 #aee4 ,save t f yond] ivy-mantl$ b[]1 c4 ,,gray',s ,,elegy4--,tooke's ,div4 ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aaf4 ,weigh ! m5s wits aga9/ ! ladies hairs4 ,,pope4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,weigh ! m5's wits aga9/ ! wom5's hairs4 ,,pope4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bad4 ,prior to ! publication ( ,l[?'s excell5t little gramm>1 ! grammatical /udy ( our own language1 =m$ no "p ( ! ord9>y me?od ( in/ruction4 ,,hiley',s ,,preface4--,dr4 ,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 #ahdc1 p4 #ahi4 ,let !re be no /rife betwixt me & !e4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,:at6 can/ ?\ n be> ) me half an h\r8--,,%>p4 --,ib41 p4 #ahe4 ,till !n :o knew ! =ce ( ^? dire dreams4--,,milton4 --,ib41 p4 #ahf4 ,9 words1 z fa%ions1 ! rule w hold1 ,alike fanta/ic1 if too new or old3 --,murray's ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,be n ! fir/1 by :om ! new is tri$1 ,nor yet ! la/1 to lay ! old aside4 --,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xiii4--,,( ,,awkw>dness4 ,!y slew ,v>us1 :o 0 he t ,i m5tion$ be=e4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aid4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! phrase1 :o 0 he t1 is "h prolix & awkw>d4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #ac?1 ,awkw>dness1 or inelegance ( expression1 is a repreh5sible defect 9 /yle1 :e!r x violate any ( ! common rules ( syntax or n4 ,?is example may be improv$ ?us3 ,!y slew ,v>us1 :om ,i m5tion$ be=e4 ,m>ia reject$ ,val]ius1 :o 0 he t %e _h reject$ be=e4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #agd4 ,! ,engli% 9 its sub/antives has b two diff]5t t]m9ations = cases4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,socrates & ,plato 7 wise2 !y 7 ! mo/ em95t philosoph]s ( ,greece4--,ib41 p4 #age2 ,murray's ,gram41 #adi2 et al4 ,:e!r "o p]son or m ?an "o1 7 conc]n$ 9 ! bus9ess1 does n yet appe>4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahd4 ,& t1 consequ5tly1 ! v]b & pron\n agree+ ) x1 _c ) propriety1 be ev] us$ 9 ! plural numb]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aec2 ,+]soll's1 #bdi2 et al4 ,a second help may be ! conv]s+ frequ5tly & freely ) ^? ( y\r own sex :o are l m9d$4--,john ,wesley4 ,f\r ( ! semi-v[els1 namely1 l1 m1 n1 r1 are also di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( liquids1 f _! readily unit+ ) o!r consonants1 & fl[+ z x 7 into _! s\nds4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #h2 ,*ur*ill's1 #e2 ,alg]'s1 #aa2 et al4 ,"s conjunctions h _! correspond5t conjunctions belong+ to !m3 s t1 9 ! subsequ5t memb] ( ! s5t5ce ! latt] answ]s to ! =m]4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aji3 ,adam's1 #bji2 ,g\ld's1 #bje2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #baa2 ,+]soll's1 #bfh2 ,fisk's1 #acg2 ,*ur*ill's1 #aec2 ,f[l]'s1 #efb2 et al4 ,! mutes are ^? consonants1 ^: s\nds _c be protract$4 ,! semi-v[els1 su* ^: s\nds c be cont9u$ at pleasure1 p>tak+ ( ! nature ( v[els1 f :i* !y d]ive _! "n4--,murray's ,gram41 p #i2 et al4 ,! pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son1 ( ! mascul9e & fem99e g5d]1 is sometimes us$ z a n\n1 & regul>ly decl9$3 z1 ',! hes 9 birds4' ,,bacon4 ',! %es ( ,italy4' ,,%ak4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,! foll[+ examples also ( sep>ation ( a preposition f ! ^w :i* x gov]ns1 is improp] 9 common writ+s4--,c4 ,adams's ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,! ^w ^: beg9s likewise to be re/rict$ to p]sons1 b x is n done s g5]ally b t good writ]s1 & ev5 9 prose1 use x :5 speak+ ( ?+s4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ii2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #aeg2 ,fisk's1 #aae2 et al4 ,!re are new & surpass+ wond]s pres5t !mselves to our views4--,%]lock4 ,inaccuracies are (t5 f\nd 9 ! way :]e9 ! degrees ( comp>ison are appli$ & con/ru$4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjb4 ,inaccuracies are (t5 f\nd 9 ! way 9 :i* ! degrees ( comp>ison are appli$ & con/ru$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afg2 ,smi?'s1 #add2 ,+]soll's1 #aic2 et al4 ,! connect+ circum/ance is plac$ too remotely1 to be ei!r p]spicu\s or agreeable4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agg4 ,^? t5ses are call$ simple t5ses1 :i* are =m$ ( ! pr9cipal )\t an auxili>y v]b4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,! ne>] t m5 approa* to ea* o!r1 ! m num]\s are _! po9ts ( contact & ! great] w be _! pleasures or _! pa9s4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bge4 ,?is is ! ma*9e t he is ! inv5tor (4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abd4 ,to give ?is s5t5ce ! int]rogative =m1 x %\ld be express$ ?us4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bgi4 ,nev] employ ^? words :i* may be susceptible ( a s5se diff]5t f ! s5se y int5d to be convey$4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,sixty pages are occupi$ 9 expla9+ :at w\ld n require m ?an t5 or twelve to be expla9$ accord+ to ! ord9>y me?od4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 ix4 ,! pres5t p>ticiple 9 -+ always expresses an action1 or ! suff]+ ( an action1 or ! be+1 /ate1 or condition ( a ?+ z cont9u+ & progressive4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #eg4 ,! ,pres5t p>ticiple ( all active v]bs#deg has an active signification2 z1 ,james is build+ ! h\se4 ,9 _m ( ^!1 h[ev]1 x has also a passive signification2 z1 ! h\se 0 build+ :5 ! wall fell4--,id41 ib41 #b;d or #d? ,ed41 p4 #eg4 ,previ\s to p>s+ ?is s5t5ce1 x may be analyz$ to ! "y pupil by su* que/ions z ! foll[+1 viz4--,id41 ib41 p4 #gc4 ,subsequ5t to t p]iod1 h[ev]1 att5tion has be5 paid to ?is important subject4--,ib41 ,new ,ed41 p4 #ahi2 ,hiley's ,preface1 p4 vi4 ,a def9ition ( a ^w is an explanation 9 :at s5se ! ^w is us$1 or :at idea or object we mean by x1 & :i* may be express$ by any "o or m ( ! prop]ties1 effects1 or circum/ances ( t object1 s z suffici5tly to di/+ui% x f o!r objects4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #bde4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xiv4--,,( ,,ignorance4 ,:at is an ,ass]t]8 ,x is ! "p ( spee* :i* ass]ts4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bj4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! t]m ,ass]t] :i* is "h put = ,v]b1 is bo? ignorantly misspell$1 & :imsically misappli$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #ad?1 ,any use ( words t implies ignorance ( _! mean+1 or ( _! prop] or?ography1 is p>ticul>ly uns*ol>like2 &1 9 proportion to ! au?or's pret5sions to le>n+1 disgraceful4 ,! errors "h committ$ might h be5 avoid$ ?us3 ,:at is a v]b8 ,x is a ^w :i* signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,or ?us3 ,:at is an ass]tor8 ,ans4 ',"o :o affirms positively2 an affirm]1 support]1 or v9dicator4'--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,virgil wrote ! nead4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,:i*1 to a sup]cili\s or inconsid]ate ,japan]1 w\ld seem v idle & imp]t95t4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #bbe4 ,w n a look ( disda9 ca/ ^u y1 ?r[ y into a fom5t8--,life ( ,?4 ,say1 p4 #adf4 ,x may be ( use to ! s*ol>1 to rem>k 9 ?is place1 t ?\gh only ! conjunction if is affix$ to ! v]b1 any o!r conjunction prop] = ! subjunctive mood1 may1 ) equal propriety1 be occasionally annex$4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,:5 prop] names h an article annex$ to !m1 !y are us$ z common names4--,ib41 p4 #cf2 ,+]soll's1 #be2 et al4 ,:5 a prop] n\n has an article annex$ to x1 x is us$ z a common n\n4--,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,seem+ to dis5?ral ! dea?-field ( its t]rors4--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,= ! same reason1 we might1 )\t any disp>agem5t to ! language1 disp5se ) ! t]m9ations ( our v]bs 9 ! s+ul>4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,x dim9i%es all possibility ( be+ misund]/ood4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #age4 ,approximation to excell5ce is all t we c expect4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,i h (t5 jo9$ 9 s++ ) musiciani/s at ,norwi*4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bgd4 ,:5 n /&+ 9 regul> prosic ord]4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bha4 ,disreg>dless ( ! dogmas & edicts ( ! philosophical umpire4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,o!rs beg9 to talk be=e _! m\?s are op51 affix+ ! m\?-clos+ ,m to mo/ ( _! words--z ,m-yes = ,yes4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #bh4 ,t not$ close ( 81 esse videatur1 expos$ him to c5sure among 8 cotempor>ies4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abg4 ,,own4 ,=m]ly1 a man's own 0 :at he work$ =1 own be+ a pa/ p>ticiple ( a v]b signify+ to "w4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,z requires s3 express+ a comp>ison ( quality3 z1 ',z ! "o die?1 s die? ! o!r4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bab2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #agg2 & _m o!rs4 ,to obey our p>5ts is a solemn duty4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,i1 p4 #fg4 ,mo/ all ! political pap]s ( ! k+dom h t\*$ ^u ^! ?+s4--,h4 ,c4 ,,wright3 ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 xiv1 p4 #bb4 ,i %all take leave to make a few obs]vations ^u ! subject4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 iii4 ,8 loss ,i h endeav\r$ to supply1 z f> z additional vigilance & indu/ry w\ld all[4--,ib41 p4 xi4 ,t !y %\ld make vegetation s exhub]ant z to anticipate e want4--,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,! quotors :i* d5ote t "o or m words are extract$ f ano!r au?or4--,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,n9evah & ,assyria 7 two ( ! mo/ not$ cities ( anci5t hi/ory4--,ib41 p4 #cb & p4 #hh4 ,n9evah1 ! capital ( ,assyria1 is a celebrat$ anci5t city4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be r5d]$ def9ite by introduc+ "s def9ition ( "t2 z1 ye/]day1 la/ week1 c4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,! la/ is call$ h]oic measure1 & is ! same t is us$ by ,milton1 ,"y1 ,?ompson1 ,pollock1 c4--,id41 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #abi4 ,p]r5ial ones mu/ be s\ght 9 ! delightful regions above4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #aid4 ,intransitive v]bs are ^? :i* are insep]able f ! effect produc$4--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,fem59e g5d]1 belongs to wom51 & animals ( ! female k9d4--,ib41 p4 #ae4 ,woe6 unto y scribes & ph>asees4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,a pyrrick1 :i* has bo? its syllables %ort4--,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,:at k9d ( ,jesam9e8 a ,jesam9e 9 fl[]1 or a fl[]y ,jesam9e4--,b>rett's ,gram41 #aj? ,ed41 p4 #ec4 ,language1 d]iv$ f 'l+u1' ! tongue1 is ! faculty ( communicat+ our ?\ghts to ea* o!r1 by prop] words1 us$ by common cons5t1 z signs ( our ideas4--,ib41 p4 #i4 ,say none1 n n>a--,/ani=d's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,,ary ,,"o1 = ei!r4--,pond's ,l>g] ,gram41 p4 #aid4 7,see ,obs4 #bd?1 on ! ,syntax ( ,adv]bs1 & ! ,note at ! bottom ( ! page47 ,e>? loses ?y patron = ev] & aye2 ,o sailor boy6 sailor boy6 peace to ?y s\l4 --,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 #ahcg1 p4 #aaf4 ,8 br[ 0 sad1 8 eye b5ea?1 ,fla%$ l a halcyon f its %ea?4 --,lib]ator1 ,vol4 #ab1 p4 #bd4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xv4--,,( ,,sill9ess ,,& ,,truisms4 ,su* is ! /ate ( man1 t he is nev] at re/4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #eg4 ,,=mule4--,?is is a rem>k ( no wisdom or =ce1 because x w\ld be ne>] ! tru?1 to say1 ,su* is ! /ate ( man1 t he mu/ (t5 re/1 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #ae?1 ,silly rem>ks & idle truisms are traits ( a feeble /yle1 & :5 _! weakness is positive1 or inh]5t1 !y ought to be entirely omitt$4 ,x is useless to attempt a correction ( ?is example1 = x is n susceptible ( any =m wor? pres]v+4 ,p>ticiples belong to ! n\ns or pron\ns to :i* !y relate4--,wells's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aec4 ,?\gh ! measure is my/]i\s1 x is wor?y ( att5tion4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bba4 ,?\gh ! measure is my/]i\s1 x is n unwor?y y\r att5tion4--,kirkham's ,gram41 pp4 #aig & #bbg4 ,! inquietude ( 8 m9d made 8 /ation & weal? f> f be+ enviable4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bej4 ,by rules s g5]al & compreh5sive z ^! are 1 ! cle>e/ ideas are convey$4--,ib41 p4 #bgc4 ,! m9d ( man _c be long )\t "s food to n\ri% ! activity ( its ?\ghts4--,ib41 p4 #ahe4 ,n hav+ kn[n1 or n hav+ consid]$1 ! measures propos$1 he fail$ ( success4--,ib41 p4 #bjb4 ,n hav+ kn[n or consid]$ ! subject1 he made a crude decision4--,ib41 p4 #bge4 ,n to exasp]ate him1 ,i spoke only a v few words4--,ib41 p4 #beg4 ,^! are po9ts too trivial1 to be notic$4 ,!y are objects ) :i* ,i am totally unacqua9t$4--,ib41 p4 #bge4 ,be=e we close ?is section1 x may af=d in/ruction to ! le>n]s1 to be in=m$1 m p>ticul>ly ?an !y h be54--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,! articles are (t5 prop]ly omitt$3 :5 us$1 !y %\ld be ju/ly appli$1 accord+ to _! di/9ct nature4--,ib41 p4 #agj2 ,alg]'s1 #fj4 ,any ?+1 :i* is done n[1 is suppos$ to be done at ! pres5t "t4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,any ?+ :i* 0 done ye/]day is suppos$ to be done 9 pa/ "t4--,ib41 #cd4 ,any ?+ :i* may be done h]eaft]1 is suppos$ to be done 9 future "t4--,ib41 #cd4 ,:5 ! m9d comp>es two ?+s 9 ref]5ce to ea* o!r1 x p]=ms ! op]ation ( comp>+4--,ib41 p4 #bdd4 ,! p]sons1 ) :om y dispute1 are n ( y\r op9ion4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,b ! preposition at is always us$ :5 x foll[s ! neut] ,v]b 9 ! same ,case3 z1 ',i h be5 at ,london4'--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #fj4 ,b ! preposition at is g5]ally us$ aft] ! neut] v]b to be3 z1 ',i h be5 at ,london4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bjc2 ,+]soll's1 #bca2 ,fisk's1 #adc2 et al4 ,! article ! has sometimes a diff]5t effect1 9 di/+ui%+ a p]son by an epi!t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,! article ! has1 sometimes1 a f9e effect1 9 di/+ui%+ a p]son by an epi!t4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,"s n\ns h plurals belong+ only to !mselves4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,s5t5ces are ei!r simple or comp\nd4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,all s5t5ces are ei!r simple or comp\nd4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,! def9ite article ! belongs to n\ns 9 ! s+ul> or plural numb]4--,kirkham's ,gram41 ,rule #b;d1 p4 #aef4 ,:]e a riddle is n int5d$1 x is always a fault 9 allegory to be too d>k4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aea2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cdc4 ,!re may be an excess 9 too _m %ort s5t5ces also2 by :i* ! s5se is split & brok54--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aja4 ,are !re any n\ns y _c see1 he>1 or feel1 b only ?9k (8 ,"n su* a n\n4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,flock is ( ! s+ul> numb]1 x d5otes b "o flock--& 9 ! nom9ative case1 x is ! active ag5t ( ! v]b4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,! article ,,! agrees ) n\ns ( ! s+ul> or plural numb]4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,! admiral bomb>d$ ,algi]s1 :i* has be5 cont9u$4--,nixon's ,p>s]1 p4 #abh4 ,! _w dem&$ fre$om1 :i* might h be5 expect$4--,ibid4 ,! pa/ t5se repres5ts an action z pa/ & f9i%$1 ei!r ) or )\t respect to ! "t :54--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,t boy rode ! wick$ horse4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,! snake swall[$ itself4--,ib41 p4 #eg4 ,d is sometimes us$ :5 %all or %\ld is omitt$2 z1 'if ?\ d rep5t4'--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 ,?is mood has ! t5ses ( ! indicative4--,ib41 p4 #hg4 ,z n\ns nev] speak1 !y are nev] 9 ! fir/ p]son4--,davis's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,ne>ly all p>ts ( spee* are us$ m or less 9 an elliptical s5se4--,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,,rule4 ,no ^w 9 a p]iod c h any great] ext5sion ?an ! o!r words or sections 9 ! same s5t5ce w give x4--,b>rett's ,revis$ ,gram41 p4 #ch & p4 #dc4 ,words us$ exclusively z ,adv]bs1 %\ld n be us$ z adjectives4--,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,adjectives us$ 9 ,pr$ication1 %\ld n take ! ,adv]bial =m4--,ib41 pp4 #afg & #agc4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xvi4--,,( ,,! ,,incorrigible4 ,& ?is /ate ( ?+s belong+ to ! pa9t] gov]ns x 9 ! possessive case4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aie2 ,+]soll's1 #bja2 et al4 ,,=mule4--,?is composition is incorrigibly bad4 ,! p>ticiple belong+ :i* seems to relate to ?+s1 is improp]ly meant to qualify /ate4 ,& ! /ate ( ?+s1 7:i* /ate really belongs only to ! ?+s17 is absurdly suppos$ to belong to a p]son--i4 e41 to ! pa9t]4 ,!n ?is man1 to :om ! /ate ( ?+s is said to belong1 is =?) call$ x1 & nons5sically decl>$ to be 9 ! possessive case4 ,b1 accord+ to ,critical ,note #af?1 ,passages too errone\s = correction1 may be criticis$1 orally or o!rwise1 & !n pass$ ov] )\t any attempt to am5d !m4 ,!re=e1 no correction is attempt$ "h4 ,n\ns or pron\ns1 foll[+ ! v]b to be2 or ! words ?an1 b1 z2 or t answ] ! "q :o8 h ! same case aft] z prec$$ !m4--,beck's ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,! common g5d] is :5 ! n\n may be ei!r mascul9e or fem99e4--,fro/'s ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,! possessive is g5]ally pron\nc$ ! same z if ! s 7 add$4--,ald5's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,=1 assur$ly1 z soon z m5 _h got beyond simple int]jections1 & began to communicate !mselves by disc\rse1 !y w\ld be "u a necessity ( assign+ names to ! objects !y saw ar\nd !m1 :i* 9 grammatical language1 is call$ ! inv5tion ( sub/antive n\ns4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #gb4 ,"y *ildr5 w le>n to =m lett]s z soon1 if n readi]1 ?an !y w :5 old]4--,taylor's ,di/rict ,s*ool1 p4 #aei4 ,?is comp>+ words ) "o ano!r1 con/itutes :at is call$ ! degrees ( comp>ison4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,:5ev] a n\n is imm$iately annex$ to a prec$+ neut] v]b1 x expresses ei!r ! same notion ) ! v]b1 or d5otes only ! circum/ance ( ! action4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,two or m n\ns or pron\ns jo9$ s+ul> toge!r by ! conjunction &1 mu/ h v]bs agree+ ) !m 9 ! plural numb]4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #abi4 ,possessive & demon/rative pron\ns agree ) _! n\ns 9 numb] & case2 z1 'my bro!r1' '?is slate1 '^! slates4'--,ib41 p4 #acj4 ,p>ticiples :i* h no relation to "t are us$ ei!r z adjectives or z sub/antives4--,maund]'s ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,!y are 9 use only 9 "s ( _! times & modes2 & 9 "s ( !m are a composition ( times ( sev]al defective v]bs1 hav+ ! same signification4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,:5 words ( ! possessive case t are 9 apposition1 foll[ "o ano!r 9 quick succession1 ! possessive sign %\ld be annex$ to ! la/ only1 & und]/ood to ! re/2 z1 ',= ,david1 my s]vant's sake4'--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,by ?is ord]1 ! fir/ n9e rules accord ) ^? :i* respect ! rules ( concord2 & ! rema9d] include1 ?\gh !y ext5d beyond ! rules ( gov]nm5t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,own & self1 9 ! plural selves1 are jo9$ to ! possessives1 my1 our1 ?y1 y\r1 81 h]1 _!2 z1 my own h&1 myself1 y\rselves2 bo? ( !m express+ emphasis or opposition1 z1 ',i did x my own self1' t is1 & no "o else2 ! latt] also =m+ ! reciprocal pron\n1 z1 'he hurt himself4'--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,a fl[+ copi\s /yle1 !re=e1 is requir$ 9 all public speak]s2 gu>d+1 at ! same "t1 aga9/ su* a degree ( diffusion1 z r5d]s !m languid & tiresome2 :i* w always prove ! case1 :5 !y inculcate too mu*1 & pres5t ! same ?\ght "u too _m diff]5t views4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #agg4 ,z s5t5ces %\ld be cle>$ ( r$undant words1 s also ( r$undant memb]s4 ,z e ^w ought to pres5t a new idea1 s e memb] ought to conta9 a new ?\ght4 ,oppos$ to ?is1 /&s ! fault we sometimes meet )1 ( ! la/ memb] ( a p]iod be+ no o!r ?an ! e*o ( ! =m]1 or ! repetition ( x 9 some:at a diff]5t =m4 #deh--;,ib41 p4 #aaa4 ,:i* always ref]s grammatically to ! sub/antive imm$iately prec$+3 z1 ',x is folly to pret5d1 by heap+ up treasures1 to arm ourselves aga9/ ! accid5ts ( life1 :i* no?+ c protect u aga9/1 b ! good provid5ce ( our heav5ly ,fa!r4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #caa2 ,maund]'s1 p4 #ah2 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aje4 ,! ,engli% adjectives1 hav+ b a v limit$ syntax1 is class$ ) its k9dr$ article1 ! adjective pron\n1 "u ! eigh? rule4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #adc4 ,:5 a sub/antive is put absolutely1 & does n agree ) ! foll[+ v]b1 x rema9s indep5d5t on ! p>ticiple1 & is call$ ! case absolute1 or ! nom9ative absolute4--,ib41 p4 #aie4 ,x w1 d\btless1 sometimes happ51 t1 on ?is occasion1 z well z on _m o!r occasions1 a /rict adh]5ce to grammatical rules1 w\ld r5d] ! language /iff & =mal3 b :5 cases ( ?is sort occur1 x is bett] to give ! expression a diff]5t turn1 ?an to violate gramm> = ! sake ( ease1 or ev5 ( elegance4--,ib41 p4 #bjh4 ,numb]1 :i* di/+ui%es objects z s+ly or collectively1 mu/ h be5 coeval ) ! v infancy ( language--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #be4 ,! article a or an agrees ) n\ns 9 ! s+ul> numb] only1 individually or collectively4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agj2 & o!rs4 ,no language is p]fect because x is a human inv5tion4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gramm>1 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #aab4 ,! p>ticiples1 or z !y may prop]ly be t]m$1 =ms ( ! v]b 9 ! second inf9itive1 usually prec$es ano!r v]b1 & /ates "s fact1 or ev5t1 f :i* an inf]5ce is drawn by t v]b2 z1 '! sun hav+ aris51 !y dep>t$4'--,day's ,gramm>1 #bnd ,ed41 p4 #cf4 ,!y mu/ describe :at has happ5$ z hav+ done s 9 ! pa/ or ! pres5t "t1 or z likely to occur 9 ! future4--,! ,well-,wi%]s' ,gramm>1 ,introd41 p4 #e4 ,n\ns are ei!r male1 female1 or nei!r4--,f[le's ,common ,s*ool ,gramm>1 ,"p ,second1 p4 #ab4 ,possessive ,adjectives express possession1 & di/+ui% n\ns f ea* o!r by %[+ to :at !y belong2 z1 my hat1 ,john's hat4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,,promiscu\s ,,examples ,,( ,,false ,,syntax4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,:at is ! reason t our language is less ref9$ ?an t ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,france8--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahe4 ,:at is ! reason t our language is less ref9$ ?an t ( ,france8--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ',i believe y\r ,lord%ip w agree ) me1 9 ! reason :y our language is less ref9$ ?an ^? ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,france4' ,,dean ,,swift4 ,ev5 9 ?is %ort s5t5ce1 we may disc]n an inaccuracy--':y our language is less ref9$ ?an ^? ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,france2' putt+ ! pron\n ^? 9 ! plural1 :5 ! antec$5t sub/antive to :i* x ref]s is 9 ! s+ul>1 our language4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bbh4 ,! s5t5ce might h be5 made to run mu* bett] 9 ?is way2 ':y our language is less ref9$ ?an ! ,italian1 ,spani%1 or ,fr5*4'--,ibid4 ,b :5 arrang$ 9 an entire s5t5ce1 :i* !y mu/ be to make a complete s5se1 !y %[ x /ill m evid5tly4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,?is is a m artificial & ref9$ con/ruction ?an t1 9 :i* ! common connective is simply made use (4--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,we %all pres5t ! read] ) a li/ ( ,prepositions1 :i* are d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 & ,greek languages4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,relatives compreh5d ! mean+ ( a pron\n & conjunction copulative4--,ib41 p4 #abf4 ,p]sonal pron\ns be+ us$ to supply ! place ( ! n\n1 are n employ$ 9 ! same "p ( ! s5t5ce z ! n\n :i* !y repres5t4--,ib41 p4 #aee2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,gram41 #aca4 ,!re is v seldom any occasion = a sub/itute 9 ! same "p :]e ! pr9cipal ^w is pres5t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,we h>dly consid] little *ildr5 z p]sons1 because t t]m gives u ! idea ( reason & reflection4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ih2 ,murray's1 #aeg2 ,smi?'s1 #acc2 & o!rs4 ,! occasion ( ex]t+ ea* ( ^! qualities is diff]5t4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ie2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cjb2 ,jamieson's ,rhet41 #ff4 ,i'll tell y :o "t ambles )al1 :o "t trots )al1 :o "t gallops )al & :o he /&s /ill )al4 ,i pray !e1 :o do? he trot )al8--,%akspe>e4 ,by greatness1 ,i d n only mean ! bulk ( any s+le object1 b ! l>g5ess ( a :ole view4--,addison4 ,! "q may !n be put1 ,:at does he m ?an mean8--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajc4 ,! "q might be put1 :at m does he ?an only mean8--,ib41 p4 #bjd4 ,he is surpris$ to f9d himself got to s great a di/ance1 f ! object ) :i* he at fir/ set out4--,ib41 p4 #ajh4 ,he is surpris$ to f9d himself at s great a di/ance f ! object ) :i* he sets out4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cac4 ,few precise rules c be giv51 :i* w hold )\t exception 9 all cases4--,ib41 p4 #bfg2 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aae4 ,v]sification is ! arrangem5t ( a c]ta9 numb] ( syllables accord+ to c]ta9 laws4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,v]sification is ! arrangem5t ( a c]ta9 numb] & v>iety ( syllables1 accord+ to c]ta9 laws4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #beb2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #ahg2 & o!rs4 ,*>lotte1 ! fri5d ( ,amelia1 to :om no "o imput$ blame1 0 too prompt 9 h] own v9dication4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bgc4 ,mr4 ,pitt1 jo9+ ! w> p>ty 9 #agic1 ! mo/ /rik+ & ! mo/ fatal in/ance ( ?is (f5ce1 is ! "o :i* at once pres5ts itself4--,br\gham's ,sket*es1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #eg4 ,to ! fram+ su* a s\nd con/itution ( m9d4--,! ,am]ican ,lady1 p4 #acb4 ',i besee* y1' said ,/4 ,paul to 8 ,ephesian conv]ts1 't ye walk wor?y ! vocation :]e) ye are call$4'--,ib41 p4 #bjh4 ,s z to prev5t its be+ equal to t4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #hh4 ,:5 speak+ ( an action's be+ p]=m$4--,ib41 p4 #hi4 ,&1 9 all que/ions ( an action's be+ s p]=m$1 e/ is add$ to ! second p]son4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,no acc\nt c be giv5 ( ?is1 ?an t cu/om has bl9d$ _! eyes4--,dymond's ,essays1 p4 #bfi4 ,design1 or *ance1 make o!r wive2 ,b nature did ?is mat* contrive4--,wall]1 p4 #bd4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,i suppose ea* ( y ?9k x is y\r own nail4--,abbott's ,tea*]1 p4 #eh4 ,!y are useless1 f _! be+ app>5tly bas$ ^u ?is supposition4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,! =m & mann]1 9 :i* ?is plan may be adopt$1 is v>i\s4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,mak+ intellectual ef=t1 & acquir+ k1 are always pleasant to ! human m9d4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,?is w d m ?an ! be/ lecture :i* ev] 0 deliv]$4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,do+ easy ?+s is g5]ally dull "w4--,ib41 p4 #ib4 ,su* is ! tone & mann] ( "s tea*]s4--,ib41 p4 #aah4 ,well1 ! fault is1 be+ disord]ly at pray] "t4--,ib41 p4 #aec4 ,d y rememb] speak+ on ?is subject 9 s*ool8--,ib41 p4 #aed4 ,! c\rse above recomm5d$1 is n try+ lax & ineffici5t measures4--,ib41 p4 #aef4 ,our community is agre$ t !re is a ,god4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,x prev5ts _! be+ int]e/$ 9 :at is said4--,ib41 p4 #age4 ,we w also suppose t ,i call ano!r boy to me1 :o ,i h reason to believe to be a s9c]e ,*ri/ian4--,ib41 p4 #ahj4 ,five m9utes notice is giv5 by ! bell4--,ib41 p4 #baa4 ,! ,annals ( ,education gives notice ( x4--,ib41 p4 #bdj4 ,tea*]'s meet+s w be int]e/+ & useful4--,ib41 p4 #bdc4 ,%e ?\ght an half h\r's /udy w\ld conqu] all ! difficulties4--,ib41 p4 #beg4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 an hone/ & an hypocritical confession4--,ib41 p4 #bfc4 ,!re is no po9t ( atta9m5t :]e we mu/ /op4--,ib41 p4 #bfg4 ,n[ six h\rs is z mu* z is expect$ ( tea*]s4--,ib41 p4 #bfh4 ,h[ mu* is sev5 times n9e8--,ib41 p4 #bib4 ,!n ! reckon+ proce$s till x come to t5 hundr$4--,fro/'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,y\r success w dep5d on y\r own ex]tions2 see1 !n1 t y are dilig5t4--,ib41 p4 #adb4 ,subjunctive ,mood1 ,pres5t ,t5se3 ,if ,i am kn[n1 ,if ?\ art kn[n4 ,if he is kn[n3 etc4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,if ,i be lov$1 ,if ?\ be lov$1 ,if he be lov$2 c4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,an ,int]jection is a ^w us$ to express sudd5 emotion4 ,!y are s call$1 because !y are g5]ally ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce )\t any ref]5ce to ! /ructure ( ! o!r p>ts ( x4--,ib41 p4 #ce4 ,! ,c>d9als are ^? :i* simplify or d5ote numb]2 z "o1 two1 ?ree4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,m ?an "o organ is conc]n$ 9 ! utt]ance ( almo/ e consonant4--,ib41 p4 #ba4 ,to extract f !m all ! ,t]ms we make use 9 our ,divisions & ,subdivisions ( ! ,art4--,holmes's ,rhetoric1 ,pref4 ,& !re 0 writt5 !re9 lam5tations1 & m\rn+1 & woe4--,ezekiel1 ii1 #aj4 ,if ,i 7 to be judg$ z to my behavi\r1 comp>$ ) t ( ,john's4--,josephus1 ,vol4 #e1 p4 #agb4 ,:5 ! preposition to signifies 9 ord] to1 x us$ to be prec$$ by =1 :i* is n[ almo/ obsolete2 ,:at w5t ye out = to see4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acb4 ,?is makes ! prop] p]fect t5se1 :i*1 9 ,engli%1 is always express$ by ! help ( ! auxili>y v]b1 ',i h writt54'--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #hb4 ,inde$1 9 ! =mation ( "*1 p]sonal ex]tion is ! fir/1 ! second1 & ! ?ird virtues4--,s&]s1 ,spell+-,book1 p4 #ic4 ,! r$uc+ !m to ! condition ( ! bea/s t p]i%4--,dymond's ,essays1 p4 #fg4 ,yet ?is af=ds no reason to d5y t ! nature ( ! gift is n ! same1 or t bo? are n div9e4--,ib41 p4 #fh4 ,if ,god h made kn[n 8 w4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,if ,*ri/ h prohibit$ !m1 i4e41 oa?s1 no?+ else c prove !m "r4--,ib41 p4 #aej ,t ! tak+ !m is wrong1 e man :o simply consults 8 own he>t1 w "k4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,^! evils w\ld be sp>$ ! _w1 if "o did n write4--,ib41 p4 #afh4 ,x is 9 a great degree our own faults4--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,x is wor?y obs]vation t lesson-le>n+ is ne>ly exclud$4--,ib41 p4 #bab4 ,:o sp>es ! aggressor's life ev5 to ! endang]+ 8 own4--,ib41 p4 #bbg4 ,:o advocates ! tak+ ! life ( an aggressor4--,ib41 p4 #bbi4 ,& !nce up to ! int5tionally & volunt>y fraudul5t4--,ib41 p4 #cah4 ',& ! cont5tion 0 s great among !m1 t !y dep>t$ asund]1 "o f ano!r4'--,acts1 xv4 #ci4--,rev4 ,matt4 ,h>rison's ,engli% ,lang41 p4 #bce4 ,"h ! man is ,john1 & ,john is ! man2 s ! words are ! imag9ation & ! fancy1 & ! imag9ation & ! fancy are ! words4--,h>rison's ,e4 ,lang41 p4 #bbg4 ,! article1 :i* is "h s emphatic 9 ! ,greek1 is lo/ sight ( 9 our translation4--,ib41 p4 #bbc4 ,we h no less ?an ?irty pron\ns4--,ib41 p4 #aff4 ,x w admit ( a pron\n be+ jo9$ to x4--,ib41 p4 #acg4 ,f int]c\rse & f conque/1 all ! languages ( ,europe p>ticipate ) ea* o!r4--,ib41 p4 #ajd4 ,x is n always necessity1 !re=e1 t has be5 ! cause ( our introduc+ t]ms d]iv$ f ! classical languages4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,! man ( g5ius /amps ^u x any impression t he pleases4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,! proportion ( names end+ 9 son prepond]ate greatly among ! ,dano-,saxon population ( ! ,nor?4--,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,z a pro( ( ! /rong simil>ity betwe5 ! ,engli% & ! ,dani% languages4--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,a c5tury f ! "t t ,h5gi/ & ,horsa l&$ on ! ,isle ( ,?anet4--,ib41 p4 #bg4 ,i saw ! col\rs wav+ 9 ! w9d1 ,& !y )91 to mis*ief h[ comb9'd4--,bunyan4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,a %ip expect$3 ( :om we say1 %e sails well4--,b5 ,jonson's ,gram41 ,*ap4 #aj4 ,hone/y is reckon$ little wor?4--,paul's ,accid5ce1 p4 #eh4 ,le>n to e/eem life z x ought4--,economy ( ,human ,life1 p4 #aah4 ,z ! s\nde/ heal? is less p]ceiv$ ?an ! lighte/ malady1 s ! highe/ joy t\*e? u less deep ?an ! smalle/ sorr[4--,ib41 p4 #aeb4 ,be+ "y is no apology = be+ frivol\s4--,:it+'s ,elem5t>y ,read]1 p4 #aag4 ,! por* 0 ! same wid? ) ! temple4--,milman's ,jews1 ,vol4 i4 p4 #bjh4 ,! o!r tribes nei!r contribut$ to 8 rise or d[nfall4--,ib41 ,vol4 i4 p4 #afe4 ,8 :ole laws & religion w\ld h be5 %ak5 to its f\ndation4--,ib41 ,vol4 i4 p4 #aji4 ,! ,engli% has mo/ commonly be5 neglect$1 & *ildr5 taught only ! ,lat9 syntax4--,lily's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 xi4 ,!y are n tak5 notice ( 9 ! notes4--,ib41 p4 x4 ,he walks 9 righte\sness1 do+ :at he w\ld be done to4--,s4 ,fi%]'s ,works1 p4 #ad4 ,!y /& indep5d5tly on ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,my uncle1 ) 8 son1 7 9 t[n ye/]day4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,%e ) h] si/]s are well4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,8 purse1 ) its cont5ts1 7 ab/ract$ f 8 pocket4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,! great con/itutional feature ( ?is in/itution be+1 t directly ! acrimony ( ! la/ election is ov]1 ! acrimony ( ! next beg9s4--,dick5s's ,notes1 p4 #bg4 ,8 disreg>d+ 8 p>5ts' advice has br\ght him into disgrace4--,f>num's ,pract4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ai4 ,error3 ,c y tell me ! reason ( 8 fa!r mak+ t rem>k8--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,cor43 ,c y tell me ! reason ( 8 fa!r's mak+ t rem>k8--,see ,f>num's ,gram41 ,rule #ab?4 p4 #gf4 ,error3 ,:at is ! reason ( our tea*] deta9+ u s long8--,ib41 p4 #gf4 ,cor43 ,:at is ! reason ( our tea*]'s deta9+ u s long8--,see ,ib4 ,error3 ,i am c]ta9 ( ! boy hav+ said s4 ,correction3 ,i am c]ta9 ( ! boy's hav+ said s4--,ex]cises 9 ,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,:i* means any ?+ or ?+s be=e-nam$2 & t may repres5t any p]son or p]sons1 ?+ or ?+s1 :i* h be5 speak+1 spok5 to or spok5 (4--,dr4 ,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( syllables connect$1 =m a foot4 ,!y are call$ feet1 because x is by _! aid t ! voice1 z x 71 /eps along4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #beb2 ,c4 ,adams's1 #aba4 ,ask+ que/ions ) a pr9cipal v]b--z1 ,tea* ,i8 ,burns he1 c4 are b>b>isms1 & c>efully to be avoid$4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abb4 ,tell :e!r ! #ah?1 #ai?1 #bj?1 #ba/1 #bb;d1 or #bc;d ,rules are to be us$1 & repeat ! ,rule4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,i1 p4 #d4 ,! resolution 0 adopt$ )\t mu* delib]ation1 :i* caus$ great dissatisfaction4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,! man is n[ tak5 mu* notice ( by ! p !reab\ts4--,edw>d's ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,! s& prev5ts _! /ick+ to "o ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #hd4 ,defective ,v]bs are ^? :i* are us$ only 9 "s ( _! moods & t5ses4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajh2 ,guy's1 #db2 ,russell's1 #df2 ,bacon's1 #db2 ,fro/'s1 #dj2 ,alg]'s1 #dg2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #dg2 ,goldsbury's1 #ed2 ,felton's1 #ei2 & o!rs4 ,defective v]bs are ^? :i* want "s ( _! moods & t5ses4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #dg2 ,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 #fe2 ,practical ,lessons1 #ge4 ,defective ,v]bs want "s ( _! p>ts4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,a ,defective v]b is "o t wants "s ( its p>ts4--,bullions1 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #ahdi1 p4 #aja4 ,to ! irregul> v]bs are to be add$ ! defective2 :i* are n only = ! mo/ "p irregul>1 b also want+ 9 "s ( _! p>ts4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,to ! irregul> v]bs are to be add$ ! defective2 :i* are n only want+ 9 "s ( _! p>ts1 b are1 :5 inflect$1 irregul>4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,:5 two or m n\ns succe$ ea* o!r 9 ! possessive case4--,f>num's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 pp4 #bj & #fc4 ,:5 sev]al %ort s5t5ces succe$ ea* o!r4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,words are divid$ into t5 ,classes1 & are call$ ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4--,a9swor?'s ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,a ,passive ,v]b has its ag5t or do] always 9 ! objective case1 & is gov]n$ by a preposition4--,ib41 p4 #dj4 ,i am surpris$ at y\r neglig5t att5tion4 ,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,,s+ul>3 ,?\ love/ or y love4 ,y has always a plural v]b4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,h[ d y "k t love is ! fir/ p]son8 ,ans4 ,because we is ! fir/ p]sonal pron\n4--,id41 ib41 p4 #dg2 ,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,! l[+ h]d w9d sl[ly r\nd ! lea4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,iambic v]ses h e second1 f\r?1 & o!r ev5 syllables acc5t$4--,ib41 p4 #agj4 ,contractions are (t5 made 9 poetry1 :i* are n all[able 9 prose4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,yet to _! g5]al's voice !y all obey$4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,x nev] pres5ts to 8 m9d b "o new subject at ! same "t4--,felton's ,gram41 #a/ edition1 p4 #f4 ,:5 ! "n ( a quality is ab/ract$1 t is sep>at$ f its sub/ance1 x is call$ an ab/ract n\n4--,ib41 p4 #i4 ,n\ns are 9 ! fir/ p]son :5 speak+4--,ib41 p4 #i4 ,:i* ( ! two bro!rs are graduates8--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,i am a l95 drap] bold1 z y & all ! _w do? "k4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,o ! bliss1 ! pa9 ( dy+6--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,?is d2 take y c5s]s1 ,korah1 & all 8 company4--,numb]s1 xvi1 #f4 ,!re are two p>ticiples1--! pres5t & p]fect2 z1 read+1 hav+ read4 ,transitive v]bs h an active & passive p>ticiple4 ,examples3 ,,active1 ,pres5t1 ,lov+2 ,p]fect1 ,hav+ lov$3 ,,passive1 ,pres5t1 ,lov$ or be+ lov$2 ,p]fect1 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's ,analysis1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #bbe4 ,o heav'n1 9 my connubial h\r decree ,?is man my sp\se1 or su* a sp\se z he4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,! ,pa/ ,t5ses repres5t a conditional pa/ fact or ev5t1 & ( :i* ! speak] is unc]ta94--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,c>e also %\ld be tak5 t !y are n introduc$ too abundantly4--,ib41 p4 #acd4 ,till !y are become famili> to ! m9d4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 v4 ,:5 once a p>ticul> arrangem5t & phraseology are become famili> to ! m9d4--,ib41 p4 vii4 ,i h furni%$ ! /ud5t ) ! pla9e/ & mo/ practical directions :i* ,i c\ld devise4--,ib41 p4 xiv4 ,:5 y are become conv]sant ) ! ,rules ( ,gramm>1 y w !n be qualifi$ to comm5ce ! /udy ( ,/yle4--,ib41 p4 xxii4 ,c has a s(t s\nd l s be=e e1 i1 & y1 g5]ally4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,g be=e e1 i1 & y1 is s(t2 z 9 g5ius1 g+]1 ,egypt4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,c be=e e1 i1 & y1 g5]ally s\nds s(t l s4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,g is s(t be=e e1 i1 & y1 z 9 g5ius1 g+]1 ,egypt4--,ib41 p4 #d4 ,z a p]fect ,alphabet mu/ always conta9 z _m lett]s z !re are elem5t>y s\nds 9 ! language1 ! ,engli% ,alphabet is !re=e bo? defective & r$undant4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #e4 ,common ,n\ns are ! names giv5 to a :ole class or species1 & are applicable to e individual ( t class4--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,?us an adjective has always a n\n ei!r express$ or und]/ood4--,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,fir/1 let u consid] emphasis2 by ?is1 is meant a /rong] & full] s\nd ( voice1 by :i* we di/+ui% ! acc5t$ syllable ( "s ^w1 on :i* we design to lay p>ticul> /ress1 & to %ew h[ x effects ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccj4 ,by emphasis is meant a /rong] & full] s\nd ( voice1 by :i* we di/+ui% "s ^w or words on :i* we design to lay p>ticul> /ress1 & to %[ h[ !y affect ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdb4 ,su* a simple "q z ?is3 ',d y ride to t[n to-day1' is capable ( no few] ?an f\r diff]5t acceptations1 accord+ z ! emphasis is diff]5tly plac$ on ! words4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccj2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdb4 ,?us1 bravely1 or '9 a brave mann]1' is d]iv$ f brave-l4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* are =m$ f ea* o!r g5]ally by means ( "s affix4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,words d]iv$ f ea* o!r1 are always1 m or less1 alli$ 9 signification4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,:5 a n\n ( multitude conveys unity ( idea ! v]b & pron\n %\ld be s+ul>4 ,b :5 x conveys plurality ( idea1 ! v]b & pron\n mu/ be plural4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,!y h sp5t _! :ole "t to make ! sacr$ *ronology agree ) t ( ! pr(ane4--,ib41 p4 #hg4 ',i h /udi$ my lesson1 b y h n2' t is1 'b y h n /udi$ x4'--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,:5 words foll[ ea* o!r 9 pairs1 !re is a comma betwe5 ea* pair4--,ib41 p4 #aab2 ,bullions1 #aeb2 ,l5nie1 #acb4 ,:5 words foll[ ea* o!r 9 pairs1 ! pairs %\ld be m>k$ by ! comma4--,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,8 ',/udies ( ,nature1' is des]v$ly a popul> "w4--,univ4 ,biog4 ,dict41 n4 ,/4 ,pi]re4 ',"h lies 8 head1 a y\? to =tune & to fame unkn[n4' ',y\?1' "h is 9 ! possessive 7! sign be+ omitt$71 & is 9 apposition ) 84' ,! mean+ is1 '! head ( him1 a y\?4' c4--,h>t's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,! pron\n ,i1 & ! int]jection ,o1 %\ld be writt5 ) a capital4--,weld's ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #af4 ,! pron\n ,i always %\ld be writt5 ) a capital lett]4--,ib41 p4 #fh4 ,he w5t f ,engl& to ,york4--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,an adv]b is a "p ( spee* jo9$ to v]bs1 adjectives & o!r adv]bs1 to modify _! mean+4--,ib41 p4 #ea2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 #df4 ,s+ul>1 signifies '"o p]son or ?+4' ,plural1 7,lat9 plus17 signifies 'm ?an "o4'--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,:5 ! pres5t ends 9 e1 d only is add$ to =m ! ,imp]fect & ,p]fect p>ticiple4--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,,syn,,resis is ! contraction ( two syllables into "o2 z1 ,see/ = see-e/1 dr[n$ = dr[n-ed--,ib41 p4 #bac4 ,words end+ 9 ee drop ! f9al e on receiv+ an additional syllable beg9n+ ) e2 z1 see1 see/1 agree1 agre$4--,ib41 p1 #bbg4 ,monosyllables 9 f1 l1 or s1 prec$$ by a s+le v[el are d\bl$2 z1 /aff1 grass1 mill4--,ib41 p4 #bbf4 ,words end+ ie drop ! e & take y2 z die1 dy+4--,ib41 p4 #bbf4 ,"o numb] may be us$ = ano!r2 z1 we = ,i1 y = ?\4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aih4 ,,/r,,ob,,ile1 n4 ,a p]ic>p made up ( scales t lie ov] ea* o!r4 ,,sm>t4--,worce/]'s ,univ4 & ,crit4 ,dict4 ,yet ev] f ! cle>e/ s\rce h ran ,"s gross allay1 "s t9cture ( ! man4--,dr4 ,l[?4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,! possessive case is always foll[$ by ! n\n :i* is ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$1 express$ or und]/ood4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #fa2 ,revis$ ,edition1 pp4 #fd & #hf4 ,hadm] ( ,agg/e9 0 z pi\s1 dev\t1 & pray+ a ,*ri/ian1 z 7 ,nelson1 ,wa%+ton1 or ,jeff]son2 or z are ,well+ton1 ,tyl]1 ,clay1 or ,polk4--,h4 ,c4 ,,wright3 ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 xv1 p4 #ba4 ,a ^w 9 ! possessive case is n an indep5d5t n\n1 & _c /& by its self4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ,m>y is n h&some1 b %e is good-natur$1 :i* is bett] ?an beauty4--,/4 ,qu5t9's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,aft] ! practice ( jo9+ words toge!r _h ceas$1 notes ( di/9ction 7 plac$ at ! end ( e ^w4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bfg2 ,hallock's1 #bbd4 ,nei!r ,h5ry nor ,*>les dissipate 8 "t4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ',he _h tak5 f ! ,*ri/ians' abode ?irty small ca/les4'--,kn[les4--,ib41 p4 #fa4 ,9 :atev] "* ,butl] 0 admitt$1 is unkn[n4--,ib41 p4 #fb4 ,h[ is ! ag5t ( a passive1 & ! object ( an active v]b (t5 left8--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,by subject is meant ! ^w ( :i* some?+ is decl>$ ( its object4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 #ahba1 p4 #ajc4 ,c>e %\ld also be tak5 t an intransitive v]b is n us$ in/ead ( a transitive3 z1 ,i lay1 7! bricks7 =1 ,i lie d[n2 ,i raise ! h\se1 = ,i rise2 ,i sit d[n1 =1 ,i set ! *air d[n1 c4--,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,on !m dep5d ! duration ( our ,con/itution & our c\ntry4--,j4 ,c4 ,calh\n at ,memphis4 ,9 ! pres5t s5t5ce nei!r ! s5se nor ! measure require :at4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 #ahba1 p4 #afd4 ,! ,iri% ?\ght !mselves oppress'd by ! ,law t =bid !m to draw ) _! ,horses ,tails4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 iii4 ,s will+ly are adv]bs1 qualify+ deceives4--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,epicurus = exp]im5t sake conf9$ himself to a n>r[] diet ?an t ( ! sev]e/ prisons4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,d]ivative words are su* z are comp\nd$ ( o!r words1 z common-weal?1 good-ness1 false-hood4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,! di/9ction "h insi/$ on is z old z ,ari/otle1 & %\ld n be lo/ sight (4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,! ,t5ses ( ! ,subjunctive & ! ,pot5tial ,moods4--,ib41 p4 #hj4 ,a triph?ong is a union ( ?ree v[els utt]$ 9 l mann]3 z1 uoy 9 buoy4--,p4 ,davis's ,practical ,gram41 p4 xvi4 ,common n\ns are ! names ( a species or k9d4--,ib41 p4 #h4 ,! sup]lative degree is a comp>ison betwe5 ?ree or m4--,ib41 p4 #ad4 ,an adv]b is a ^w or phrase s]v+ to give an additional idea ( a v]b1 & adjective1 article1 or ano!r adv]b4--,ib41 p4 #cf4 ,:5 sev]al n\ns 9 ! possessive case succe$ ea* o!r1 ea* %[+ possession ( ! same n\n1 x is only necess>y to add ! sign ( ! possessive to ! la/3 z1 ,he sells m51 wom51 & *ildr5's %oes4 ,dog4 cat1 & tig]'s feet are digitat$4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,a rail-road is mak+ %\ld be ,a rail-road is be+ made4 ,a s*ool-h\se is build+1 %\ld be ,a s*ool-h\se is be+ built4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,auxili>ies are n ( !mselves v]bs2 !y resemble 9 _! "* & use ^? t]m9ational or o!r inflections 9 o!r languages1 :i* we are oblig$ to use 9 ours to express ! action 9 ! mode1 t5se1 c41 desir$4--,ib41 p4 #aeh4 ,please hold my horse :ile ,i speak to my fri5d4--,ib41 p4 #aei4 ,if ,i say1 ',give me ! book1' ,i ask = "s p>ticul> book4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,!re are five m5 "h4--,ib41 p4 #acd4 ,9 ! active ! object may be omitt$2 9 ! passive ! "n ( ! ag5t may be omitt$4--,ib41 p4 #fc4 ,! ,progressive & ! ,emphatic =ms give 9 ea* case a diff]5t %ade ( mean+ to ! v]b4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,t is a ,k9d ( a ,r$ditive ,conjunction1 :5 x answ]s to s & su*4--,w4 ,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,he attributes to neglig5ce y\r fail+ to succe$ 9 t bus9ess4--,sm>t's ,accid5ce1 p4 #cf4 ,does w & g express b our action8--,s4 ,b>rett's ,revis$ ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,language is ! pr9ciple vehicle ( ?\ght4 ,g4 ,,br[n4--,james ,br[n's ,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #c4 ,mu* is appli$ to ?+s weigh$ or measur$2 _m1 to ^? t are numb]$4 ,eld] & elde/1 to p]sons only2 old] & olde/1 ei!r to p]sons or ?+s4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bj2 ,pract4 ,les41 #be4 ,if !re are any old maids /ill extant1 :ile mysogoni/s are s r>e1 ! fault mu/ be attributable to !mselves4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bhf4 ,! second me?od us$ by ! ,greeks1 has nev] be5 ! practice ( any "p ( ,europe4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #fd4 ,nei!r consonant1 nor v[el1 are to be dwelt ^u beyond _! common quantity1 :5 !y close a s5t5ce4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,,irony is a mode ( spee* express+ a s5se contr>y to t :i* ! speak] or writ] int5ds to convey4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aif2 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #bab4 ,,irony is ! int5tional use ( words 9 a s5se contr>y to t :i* ! writ] or speak] int5ds to convey4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #bae2 ,imp4 ,ed41 #baf4 ,! p]sons speak+1 or spok5 to1 are suppos$ to be pres5t4--,wells1 p4 #fh4 ,! p]sons speak+ & spok5 to are suppos$ to be pres5t4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,a ,n\n is a ^w us$ to express ! "n ( an object4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 pp4 #df & #dg4 ,a syllable is a ^w1 or su* a "p ( a ^w z is utt]$ by "o articulation4--,weld's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ae2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 p4 #af4 ,?us wondr\s fair2 ?yself h[ wondr\s !n6 ,unspeakable1 :o sits above ^! heav5s4 --,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,& feel ?y sov]eign vital lamp2 b ?\ ,revisite/ n ^! eyes1 t roll 9 va94 --,felton's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,be=e all temples ! upright & pure4 --,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #aie4 ,9 =e/ wild1 9 ?icket1 break or d54 --,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ,! rogue & fool by fits is fair & wise2 ,& e'en ! be/1 by fits1 :at !y despise4 --,pope's ,ess41 iii1 #bcc4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4--,,que/ions4 ,,ord] ,,( ,,rehe>sal1 ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,exam9ation4 ,,"p ,,?ird1 ,,syntax4 ,fi/,! foll[+ que/ions1 :i* embrace ne>ly all ! important p>ticul>s ( ! =ego+ code ( ,syntax1 are design$ n only to direct & facilitate class rehe>sals1 b also to develop ! acquirem5ts ( ^? :o may answ] !m at exam9ations m public4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,def9itions4 #a4 ,( :at does ,syntax treat8 #b4 ,:at is ! relation ( words8 #c4 ,:at is ! agreem5t ( words8 #d4 ,:at is ! gov]nm5t ( words8 #e4 ,:at is ! arrangem5t ( words8 #f4 ,:at is a s5t5ce8 #g4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! pr9cipal p>ts ( a s5t5ce8 #h4 ,:at are ! o!r p>ts call$8 #i4 ,h[ _m k9ds ( s5t5ces are !re8 #aj4 ,:at is a simple s5t5ce8 #aa4 ,:at is a comp\nd s5t5ce8 #ab4 ,:at is a clause1 or memb]8 #ac4 ,:at is a phrase8 #ad4 ,:at words mu/ be suppli$ 9 p>s+8 #ae4 ,h[ are ! lead+ pr9ciples ( syntax pres5t$8 #af4 ,9 :at ord] are ! rules ( syntax arrang$ 9 ?is "w8 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,! ,,rules4 #a4 ,to :at d articles relate8 #b4 ,:at case is employ$ z ! subject ( a f9ite v]b8 #c4 ,:at agreem5t is requir$ betwe5 words 9 apposition8 #d4 ,by :at is ! possessive case gov]n$8 #e4 ,:at case does an active-transitive v]b or p>ticiple gov]n8 #f4 ,:at case is put aft] a v]b or p>ticiple n transitive8 #g4 ,:at case d prepositions gov]n8 #h4 ,:51 & 9 :at case1 is a n\n or pron\n put absolute 9 ,engli%8 #i4 ,to :at d adjectives relate8 #aj4 ,h[ does a pron\n agree ) its antec$5t8 #aa4 ,h[ does a pron\n agree ) a collective n\n8 #ab4 ,h[ does a pron\n agree ) jo9t antec$5ts8 #ac4 ,h[ does a pron\n agree ) disjunct antec$5ts8 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,! ,,rules4 #ad4 ,h[ does a f9ite v]b agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative8 #ae4 ,h[ does a v]b agree ) a collective n\n8 #af4 ,h[ does a v]b agree ) jo9t nom9atives8 #ag4 ,h[ does a v]b agree ) disjunctive nom9atives8 #ah4 ,:at gov]ns ! inf9itive mood8 #ai4 ,:at v]bs take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition to8 #bj4 ,:at is ! regul> con/ruction ( p>ticiples1 z su*8 #ba4 ,to :at d adv]bs relate8 #bb4 ,:at d conjunctions connect8 #bc4 ,:at is ! use ( prepositions8 #bd4 ,:at is ! syntax ( int]jections8 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,! ,,rules4 #a4 ,:at are ! sev]al titles1 or subjects1 ( ! tw5ty-f\r rules ( syntax8 #b4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,articles8 #c4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,nom9atives8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,apposition8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #d? ( ,possessives8 #f4 ,:at says ,rule #e? ( ,objectives8 #g4 ,:at says ,rule #f? ( ,same ,cases8 #h4 ,:at says ,rule #g? ( ,objectives8 #i4 ,:at says ,rule #h? ( ! ,nom9ative ,absolute8 #aj4 ,:at says ,rule #i? ( ,adjectives8 #aa4 ,:at says ,rule #aj? ( ,pron\ns8 #ab4 ,:at says ,rule #aa? ( ,pron\ns8 #ac4 ,:at says ,rule #ab? ( ,pron\ns8 #ad4 ,:at says ,rule #ac? ( ,pron\ns8 #ae4 ,:at says ,rule #ad? ( ,f9ite ,v]bs8 #af4 ,:at says ,rule #ae? ( ,f9ite ,v]bs8 #ag4 ,:at says ,rule #af? ( ,f9ite ,v]bs8 #ah4 ,:at says ,rule #ag? ( ,f9ite ,v]bs8 #ai4 ,:at says ,rule #ah? ( ,inf9itives8 #bj4 ,:at says ,rule #ai? ( ,inf9itives8 #ba4 ,:at says ,rule #bj? ( ,p>ticiples8 #bb4 ,:at says ,rule #ba/ ( ,adv]bs8 #bc4 ,:at says ,rule #bb;d ( ,conjunctions8 #bd4 ,:at says ,rule #bc;d ( ,prepositions8 #be4 ,:at says ,rule #bd? ( ,int]jections8 ,,lesson ,v4--,,! ,,analyz+ ,,( ,,s5t5ces4 #a4 ,:at is x1 to analyze a s5t5ce8 #b4 ,:at are ! compon5t p>ts ( a s5t5ce8 #c4 ,c all s5t5ces be divid$ into clauses8 #d4 ,are !re diff]5t me?ods ( analysis1 :i* may be useful8 #e4 ,:at is ! fir/ me?od ( analysis1 accord+ to ?is code ( syntax8 #f4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example analyz$ by ?is me?od8 ,ev5 ! ,a!i/1 :o tells u t ! univ]se is self-exi/5t & inde/ructible--ev5 he1 :o1 in/ead ( see+ ! traces ( a manifold wisdom 9 its manifold v>ieties1 sees no?+ 9 !m all b ! exquisite /ructures & ! l(ty dim5sions ( mat]ialism--ev5 he1 :o w\ld despoil creation ( its ,god1 _c look ^u its gold5 suns1 & _! accompany+ sy/ems1 )\t ! solemn impression ( a magnific5ce t fixes & ov]p[]s him4 #g4 ,:at is ! second me?od ( analysis8 #h4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example analyz$ by ?is me?od8 ,fe> naturally quick5s ! flight ( guilt4 ,rasselas c\ld n cat* ! fugitive1 ) 8 utmo/ ef=ts2 b1 resolv+ to we>y1 by p]sev]ance1 him :om he c\ld n surpass 9 spe$1 he press$ on till ! foot ( ! m\nta9 /opp$ 8 c\rse4 #i4 ,:at is ! ?ird me?od ( analysis8 #aj4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ example analyz$ by ?is me?od8 ,su* is ! empt9ess ( human enjoym5t1 t we are always impati5t ( ! pres5t4 ,atta9m5t is foll[$ by neglect1 & possession1 by disgu/4 ,few mom5ts are m pleas+ ?an ^? 9 :i* ! m9d is conc]t+ measures = a new und]tak+4 ,f ! fir/ h9t t wak5s ! fancy1 to ! h\r ( actual execution1 all is improvem5t & progress1 triumph & felicity4 #aa4 ,:at is ! f\r? me?od ( analysis8 #ab4 ,h[ are ! foll[+ s5t5ces analyz$ by ?is me?od8 7#a47 ,swift w\ld say1 ',! ?+ has n life en\gh 9 x to keep x sweet2' ,johnson1 ',! creature possesses n vitality suffici5t to pres]ve x f putrefaction4' 7#b47 ,!re is "o ,be+ to :om we c look ) a p]fect conviction ( f9d+ t security1 :i* no?+ ab\t u c give1 & :i* no?+ ab\t u c take away4 #ac4 ,:at is said ( ! fif? me?od ( analysis8 ,n[1 if ! tea*] *oose to make use ( any o!r me?od ( analysis ?an full syntactical p>s+1 he may direct 8 pupils to turn to ! next selection ( examples1 or to any o!r accurate s5t5ces1 & analyze !m accord+ to ! me?od *os54 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,( ,,p>s+4 #a4 ,:y is x necess>y to obs]ve ! s5se1 or mean+1 ( :at we p>se8 #b4 ,:at is requir$ ( ! pupil 9 syntactical p>s+8 #c4 ,h[ is ! foll[+ long example p>s$ 9 ,praxis ,,xii8 ,a "y man /udi\s to "k 8 duty1 & hone/ly b5t on do+ x1 w f9d himself l$ away f ! s9 or folly 9 :i* ! multitude ?\ghtlessly indulge !mselves2 b1 ah6 poor fall5 human nature6 :at conflicts are ?y portion1 :5 incl9ation & habit--a rebel & a traitor--ex]t _! sway aga9/ our only sav+ pr9ciple6 ,n[ p>se1 9 l mann]1 & ) no ne$less deviations f ! prescrib$ =ms1 ! t5 lessons ( ! ,twelf? ,praxis2 or su* p>ts ( ^? lessons z ! tea*] may *oose4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,! ,,rules4 #a4 ,9 :at *apt] are ! rules ( syntax fir/ pres5t$8 #b4 ,9 :at praxis are ^! rules fir/ appli$ 9 p>s+8 #c4 ,:i* ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee* is left )\t any rule ( syntax8 #d4 ,h[ _m & :i* ( ! t5 h b "o rule apiece8 #e4 ,!n1 ( ! tw5ty-f\r rules1 h[ _m rema9 = ! o!r ?ree p>ts1--n\ns1 pron\ns1 & v]bs8 #f4 ,h[ _m ( ^! sev5te5 speak ( cases1 & !re=e apply equally to n\ns & pron\ns8 #g4 ,:i* are ^! sev58 #h4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ! agreem5t ( pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts1 & :i* are !y8 #i4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = f9ite v]bs1 & :i* are !y8 #aj4 ,h[ _m are !re = inf9itives1 & :i* are !y8 #aa4 ,:at t5 *apt]s ( ! =ego+ code ( syntax treat ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee* 9 _! ord]8 #ab4 ,besides ! rules & _! examples1 :at sorts ( matt]s are introduc$ into ^! *apt]s8 #ac4 ,h[ _m ( ! tw5ty-f\r rules ( syntax are us$ bo? 9 p>s+ & 9 correct+8 #ad4 ,( :at use are ^? :i* _c be violat$ 9 practice8 #ae4 ,h[ _m su* rules are !re among ! tw5ty-f\r8 #af4 ,h[ _m & :at p>ts ( spee* are usually p>s$ by su* rules only8 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,! ,,notes4 #a4 ,:at is ! ess5tial "* ( ! ,notes :i* are plac$ "u ! rules ( syntax8 #b4 ,are ! diff]5t =ms ( false con/ruction z num]\s z ^! notes8 #c4 ,:i* ex]cise br+s into use ! great] numb] ( grammatical pr9ciples1 p>s+ or correct+8 #d4 ,are ! pr9ciples or doctr9es :i* are appli$ 9 ^! diff]5t ex]cises usually ! same1 or are !y diff]5t8 #e4 ,9 etymological p>s+1 we use ab\t sev5ty def9itions2 c ^! be us$ also 9 ! correct+ ( errors8 #f4 ,= ! correct+ ( false syntax1 we h a hundr$ & fifty-two notes2 c ^! be us$ also 9 p>s+8 #g4 ,h[ _m ( ! rules h no su* notes "u !m8 #h4 ,:at ord] is obs]v$ 9 ! plac+ ( ^! notes1 if "s rules h _m1 & o!rs few or none8 #i4 ,h[ _m ( !m are "u ! rule = articles8 #aj4 ,h[ _m ( !m ref] to ! con/ruction ( n\ns8 #aa4 ,h[ _m ( !m belong to ! syntax ( adjectives8 #ab4 ,h[ _m ( !m treat ( pron\ns8 #ac4 ,h[ _m ( !m reg>d ! use ( v]bs8 #ad4 ,h[ _m ( !m p]ta9 to ! syntax ( p>ticiples8 #ae4 ,h[ _m ( !m relate to ! con/ruction ( adv]bs8 #af4 ,h[ _m ( !m %[ ! application ( conjunctions8 #ag4 ,h[ _m ( !m expose errors 9 ! use ( prepositions8 #ah4 ,h[ _m ( !m speak ( int]jections8 ,n[ correct orally ! examples ( ,false ,syntax plac$ "u ! sev]al ,rules & ,notes2 or s _m texts "u ea* head z ! tea*] may ?9k suffici5t4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,! ,,exceptions4 #a4 ,9 :at ex]cise c !re be occasion to cite & apply ! ,exceptions to ! rules ( syntax8 #b4 ,are !re exceptions to all ! rules1 or to h[ _m8 #c4 ,are !re exceptions 9 ref]5ce to all ! p>ts ( spee*1 or to h[ _m ( ! t58 #d4 ,d articles always relate to n\ns8 #e4 ,c ! subject ( a f9ite v]b be 9 any o!r case ?an ! nom9ative8 #f4 ,are words 9 apposition always suppos$ to be 9 ! same case8 #g4 ,is ! possessive case always gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$8 #h4 ,c an active-transitive v]b gov]n any o!r case ?an ! objective8 #i4 ,c a v]b or p>ticiple n transitive take any o!r case aft] x ?an t :i* prec$es x8 #aj4 ,c a preposition1 9 ,engli%1 gov]n any o!r case ?an ! objective8 #aa4 ,c ! case absolute1 9 ,engli%1 be any o!r ?an ! nom9ative8 #ab4 ,does e adjective belong to a sub/antive1 express$ or und]/ood1 z ,murray av]s8 #ac4 ,c an adjective ev] relate to any ?+ else ?an a n\n or pron\n8 #ad4 ,c an adjective ev] be us$ )\t relation to any n\n1 pron\n1 or o!r subject8 #ae4 ,c an adjective ev] be sub/itut$ = its k9dr$ ab/ract n\n8 #af4 ,are ! p]son1 numb]1 & g5d] ( a pron\n always det]m9$ by an antec$5t8 #ag4 ,:at pron\n is sometimes appli$ to animals s z n to di/+ui% _! sex8 #ah4 ,:at pron\n is sometimes an expletive1 & sometimes us$ ) ref]5ce to an inf9itive foll[+ x8 ,,lesson ,x4--,,! ,,exceptions4 #ai4 ,does a s+ul> antec$5t ev] admit ( a plural pron\n8 #bj4 ,c a pron\n agree ) its antec$5t 9 "o s5se & n 9 an o!r8 #ba4 ,if ! antec$5t is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 mu/ ! pron\n always be plural8 #bb4 ,if !re are two or m antec$5ts connect$ by &1 mu/ ! pron\n always be plural8 #bc4 ,if !re are antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor1 is ! pron\n always to take !m sep>ately8 #bd4 ,mu/ a f9ite v]b always agree ) its nom9ative 9 numb] & p]son8 #be4 ,if ! nom9ative is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 mu/ ! v]b always be plural8 #bf4 ,if !re are two or m nom9atives connect$ by &1 mu/ ! v]b always be plural8 #ba4 ,if !re are nom9atives connect$ by or or nor1 is ! v]b always to ref] to !m sep>ately8 #bh4 ,does ! preposition to be=e ! inf9itive always gov]n ! v]b8 #bi4 ,c ! preposition to gov]n or prec$e any o!r mood ?an ! inf9itive8 #cj4 ,is ! preposition to und]/ood aft] bid1 d>e1 feel1 & s =?1 :]e x is sup]flu\s & improp]8 #ca4 ,h[ _m & :at exceptions are !re to rule #bj?1 conc]n+ p>ticiples8 #cb4 ,h[ _m & :at exceptions are !re to ! rule = adv]bs8 #cc4 ,h[ _m & :at exceptions are !re to ! rule = conjunctions8 #cd4 ,h[ _m & :at exceptions are !re to ! rule = prepositions8 #ce4 ,is !re any exception to ! #bd? rule1 conc]n+ int]jections8 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,,! ,,obs]vations4 #a4 ,h[ _m ( ! t5 p>ts ( spee* 9 ,engli% are 9 g5]al incapable ( any agreem5t8 #b4 ,c !re be a syntactical relation ( words )\t ei!r agreem5t or gov]nm5t8 #c4 ,is !re ev] any ne$ful agreem5t betwe5 unrelat$ words8 #d4 ,is ! m]e relation ( words accord+ to ! s5se an elem5t ( mu* importance 9 ,engli% syntax8 #e4 ,:at p>ts ( spee* h no o!r syntactical prop]ty ?an t ( simple relation8 #f4 ,:at rules ( relation are commonly f\nd 9 gramm>s8 #g4 ,( :at p>ts is syntax commonly said to consi/8 #h4 ,is x common to f9d 9 gramm>s1 ! rules ( syntax well adapt$ to _! purpose8 #i4 ,c y specify "s t appe> to be faulty8 #aj4 ,:]e9 consi/s ! tru? ( grammatical doctr9e1 & h[ c "o judge ( :at o!rs tea*8 #aa4 ,d ^? :o speak ( syntax z be+ divid$ into two p>ts1 ,concord & ,gov]nm5t1 commonly adh]e to su* division8 #ab4 ,:at false concords & false gov]nm5ts are cit$ 9 ,obs4 #g? ( ! fir/ *apt]8 #ac4 ,is x (t5 exp$i5t to jo9 9 ! same rule su* pr9ciples z mu/ always be appli$ sep>ately8 #ad4 ,:5 "o c cond5se sev]al diff]5t pr9ciples into "o rule1 is x n exp$i5t to d s8 #ae4 ,is x ev] conv5i5t to h "o & ! same rule applicable to diff]5t p>ts ( spee*8 #af4 ,is x ev] conv5i5t to h rules divid$ into p>ts1 s z to be d\ble or triple 9 _! =m8 #ag4 ,:at in/ance ( extravagant innovation is giv5 9 ,obs4 #ab? ( ! fir/ *apt]8 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,,! ,,obs]vations4 #ah4 ,c a uni=m s]ies ( good gramm>s1 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,engli%1 c41 be produc$ by a m]e revis+ ( "o defective book = ea* language8 #ai4 ,^: are ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gramm> :i* ,dr4 ,bullions has republi%$ ) alt]ations1 on ! plan ( ,murray's ,gramm>8 #bj4 ,c praise & success entitle to critical notice works 9 !mselves unwor?y ( x8 #ba4 ,d ! ,lat9 gramm>ians agree 9 _! enum]ation ( ! concords 9 ,lat98 #bb4 ,:at is said 9 ,obs4 #af?1 ( ! plan ( mix+ syntax ) etymology8 #bc4 ,d n ! pr9ciples ( etymology affect ^? ( syntax8 #bd4 ,c any words agree1 or disagree1 except 9 some?+ t belongs to ea* ( !m8 #be4 ,h[ _m & :at p>ts ( spee* are conc]n$ 9 gov]nm5t8 #bf4 ,are rules ( gov]nm5t to be appli$ to ! gov]n+ words1 or to ! gov]n$8 #bg4 ,:at are g]undives8 #bh4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! pr9ciples ( syntax :i* belong to ! head ( simple relation8 #bi4 ,h[ _m agreem5ts1 or concords1 are !re 9 ,engli% syntax8 #cj4 ,h[ _m rules ( gov]nm5t are !re 9 ! be/ ,lat9 gramm>s8 #ca4 ,:at fault is !re 9 ! usual di/ribution ( ^! rules8 #cb4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! gov]nm5ts 9 ,engli% syntax8 #cc4 ,c ! p>s+ ( words be v>i$ by any transposition :i* does n *ange _! import8 #cd4 ,c ! p>s+ ( words be affect$ by ! p>s]'s notion ( :at con/itutes a simple s5t5ce8 #ce4 ,:at explanation ( simple & comp\nd s5t5ces is cit$ f ,dr4 ,wilson1 9 ,obs4 #be8 #cf4 ,:at notion _h ,dr4 ,adam ( simple & comp\nd s5t5ces8 #cg4 ,is ?is doctr9e consi/5t ei!r ) itself or ) ,wilson's8 #ch4 ,h[ c "o's notion ( ellipsis affect 8 mode ( p>s+1 & 8 di/9ction ( s5t5ces z simple or comp\nd8 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,,articles4 #a4 ,c "o n\n h m ?an "o article8 #b4 ,c "o article relate to m ?an "o n\n8 #c4 ,:y _c ! omission ( an article con/itute a prop] ellipsis8 #d4 ,:at is ! position ( ! article ) respect to its n\n8 #e4 ,:at is ! usual position ( ! article ) respect to an adjective & a n\n8 #f4 ,c ! relative position ( ! article & adjective be a matt] ( indiff]5ce8 #g4 ,:at adjectives exclude1 or sup]s$e1 ! article8 #h4 ,:at adjectives prec$e ! article8 #i4 ,:at f\r adv]bs affect ! position ( ! article & adjective8 #aj4 ,d o!r adv]bs come betwe5 ! article & ! adjective8 #aa4 ,c any ( ! def9itives :i* preclude an or a1 be us$ ) ! adjective "o8 #ab4 ,:5 ! adjective foll[s its n\n1 :]e /&s ! article8 #ac4 ,c ! article 9 ,engli%1 ev] be plac$ aft] its n\n8 #ad4 ,:at is ! effect ( ! ^w ! be=e comp>atives & sup]latives8 #ae4 ,:at article may sometimes be us$ 9 lieu ( a possessive pron\n8 #af4 ,is ! article an or a always suppos$ to imply unity8 #ag4 ,respect+ an or a1 h[ does pres5t usage diff] f ! usage ( anci5t writ]s8 #ah4 ,c ! ins]tion or omission ( an article greatly affect ! import ( a s5t5ce8 #ai4 ,by a repetition ( ! article be=e two or m adjectives1 :at o!r repetition is impli$8 #bj4 ,h[ d we sometimes avoid su* repetition8 #ba4 ,c !re ev] be an impli$ repetition ( ! n\n :5 no article is us$8 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 #a4 ,9 h[ _m diff]5t ways c ! nom9ative case be us$8 #b4 ,:at is ! usual position ( ! nom9ative & v]b1 & :5 is x v>i$8 #c4 ,) :at nom9atives ( ! second p]son1 does ! imp]ative v]b agree8 #d4 ,:y is x ?\ght improp] to put a n\n 9 two cases at once8 #e4 ,:at case 9 ,lat9 & ,greek is reckon$ ! subject ( ! inf9itive mood8 #f4 ,c ?is1 9 g5]al1 be lit]ally imitat$ 9 ,engli%8 #g4 ,d any ,engli% au?ors adopt ! ,lat9 doctr9e ( ! accusative 7or objective7 be=e ! inf9itive8 #h4 ,is ! objective1 :5 x occurs be=e ! inf9itive 9 ,engli%1 usually gov]n$ by "s v]b1 p>ticiple1 or preposition8 #i4 ,:at is our ne>e/ approa* to ! ,lat9 con/ruction ( ! accusative be=e ! inf9itive8 #aj4 ,:at is apposition1 & f :om did x receive ?is "n8 #aa4 ,is !re a con/ruction ( l cases1 t is n apposition8 #ab4 ,to :i* ( ! apposite t]ms is ! rule = apposition to be appli$8 #ac4 ,are words 9 apposition always to be p>s$ sep>ately8 #ad4 ,:]e9 are ! common rule & def9ition ( apposition faulty8 #ae4 ,c ! explanatory ^w ev] be plac$ fir/8 #af4 ,is x ev] indiff]5t1 :i* ^w be call$ ! pr9cipal1 & :i* ! explanatory t]m8 #ag4 ,:y _c two n\ns1 ea* hav+ ! possessive sign1 be put 9 apposition ) ea* o!r8 #ah4 ,:]e mu/ ! sign ( possession be put1 :5 two or m possessives are 9 apposition8 #ai4 ,is x compatible ) apposition to supply betwe5 ! words a relative & a v]b2 z1 ,at ,mr4 ,smi?'s :o is ! booksell]8 #bj4 ,h[ c a n\n be1 or seem to be1 9 apposition ) a possessive pron\n8 #ba4 ,:at con/ruction is produc$ by ! repetition ( a n\n or pron\n8 #bb4 ,:at is ! con/ruction ( a n\n1 :5 x emphatically repeats ! idea sugge/$ by a prec$+ s5t5ce8 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 #bc4 ,c words diff]+ 9 numb] be 9 apposition ) ea* o!r8 #bd4 ,:at is ! usual con/ruction ( ea* o!r & "o an o!r8 #be4 ,is !re any argum5t f analogy = tak+ ea* o!r & "o an o!r = comp\nds8 #bf4 ,d we (t5 put prop] n\ns 9 apposition ) appellatives8 #bg4 ,:at preposition is (t5 put betwe5 n\ns t signify ! same ?+8 #bh4 ,:5 is an active v]b foll[$ by two words 9 apposition8 #bi4 ,does apposition require any o!r agreem5t ?an t ( case8 #cj4 ,:at ?ree modes ( con/ruction appe> l exceptions to ,rule #d?8 #ca4 ,9 ! phrase1 ,= ,david my s]vant's sake1 :i* ^w is gov]n$ by sake1 & :i* is to be p>s$ by ! rule ( apposition8 #cb4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,x is man's to err1 :at is suppos$ to gov]n man's8 #cc4 ,does ! possessive case admit ( any ab/ract s5se or con/ruction8 #cd4 ,:y is x reasonable to limit ! gov]nm5t ( ! possessive to n\ns only1 or to words tak5 sub/antive8 #ce4 ,does ! possessive case be=e a real p>ticiple d5ote ! possessor ( some?+8 #cf4 ,:at two great au?ors diff] 9 reg>d to ! correctness ( ! phrases1 ^u ! rule's be+ obs]v$1 & ( its be+ neglect$8 #cg4 ,is ei!r ( !m "r 9 8 argum5t8 #ch4 ,is ! di/9ction betwe5 ! p>ticipial n\n & ! p>ticiple well pres]v$ by ,murray & 8 am5d]s8 #ci4 ,:o inv5t$ ! doctr9e1 t a p>ticiple & its adjuncts may be us$ z "o "n & 9 t capacity gov]n ! possessive8 #dj4 ,h any popul> au?ors adopt$ ?is doctr9e8 #da4 ,is ! doctr9e well su/a9$ by its adopt]s1 or is x consi/5t ) ! analogy ( g5]al gramm>8 #db4 ,:5 "o d\bts :e!r a p>ticiple ought to be ! gov]n+ ^w or ! adjunct1--t is1 :e!r he ought to use ! possessive case be=e x or ! objective1--:at %all he d8 #dc1 ,:at is object$ to ! s5t5ces 9 :i* p>ticiples gov]n ! possessive case1 & p>ticul>ly to ! examples giv5 by ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 to prove su* a con/ruction "r8 #dd4 ,d ! tea*]s ( ?is doctr9e agree among !mselves8 #de4 ,h[ does ! au?or ( ?is "w g5]ally dispose ( su* gov]nm5t8 #df4 ,does he positively det]m9e1 t ! p>ticiple %\ld nev] be all[$ to gov]n ! possessive case8 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 #dg4 ,are ! di/9ctions ( voice & ( "t z mu* reg>d$ 9 p>ticipial n\ns z 9 p>ticiples8 #dh4 ,:y _c an omission ( ! possessive sign be acc\nt$ a true ellipsis8 #di4 ,:at is ! usual position ( ! possessive case1 & :at exceptions are !re8 #ej4 ,9 :at o!r =m c ! mean+ ( ! possessive case be express$8 #ea4 ,is ! possessive (t5 gov]n$ by :at is n express$8 #eb4 ,does e possessive sign imply a sep>ate gov]n+ n\n8 #ec4 ,h[ d comp\nds take ! sign ( possession8 #ed4 ,d we put ! sign ( possession always & only :]e ! two t]ms ( ! possessive relation meet8 #ee4 ,c ! possessive sign be ev] rightly add$ to a sep>ate adjective8 #ef4 ,:at is said ( ! omission ( s f ! possessive s+ul> on acc\nt ( its hiss+ s\nd8 #eg4 ,:at errors d ,kirkham1 ,smi?1 & o!rs1 tea* conc]n+ ! possessive s+ul>8 #eh4 ,:y is ,murray's rule = ! possessive case objectionable8 #ei4 ,d comp\nds embrac+ ! possessive case appe> to be writt5 ) suffici5t uni=mity8 #fj4 ,:at rules = n\ns com+ toge!r are ins]t$ 9 ,obs4 #ca/ on ,rule #d?8 #fa4 ,does ! comp\nd+ ( words necess>ily preclude _! sep>ate use8 #fb4 ,is !re a diff]5ce wor? notice1 betwe5 su* t]ms or ?+s z he>t-ease & he>t's-ease2 a h>elip & a h>e's lip2 a headman & a headsman2 a lady's-slipp] & a lady's slipp]8 #fc4 ,:]e usage is utt]ly unsettl$1 :at guidance %\ld be s\ght8 #fd4 ,:at peculi>ities are notic$ 9 reg>d to ! n\n side8 #fe4 ,:at peculi>ities has ! possessive case 9 reg>d to correlatives8 #ff4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( ! possessive relation betwe5 "t & action8 #fg4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( n\ns ( weight1 measure1 or "t1 com+ imm$iately toge!r8 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 #fh4 ,are !re any exceptions or objections to ! old rule1 ,active v]bs gov]n ! objective case8 #fi4 ,( h[ _m diff]5t con/ructions is ! objective case susceptible8 #gj4 ,:at is ! usual position ( ! objective case1 & :at exceptions are !re8 #ga4 ,c any ?+ b ! gov]n+ ( an objective n\n or pron\n make an active v]b transitive8 #gb4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,:at h ,i to d ) !e8 h[ are h & d to be p>s$8 #gc4 ,c inf9itives1 p>ticiples1 phrases1 s5t5ces1 & p>ts ( s5t5ces1 be really 9 ! objective case8 #gd4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,i "k :y %e blu%$1 h[ is "k to be p>s$8 #ge4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,i "k t ,messias come?1 h[ are "k & t to be p>s$8 #gf4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,& ,simon he surnam$ ,pet]1 h[ are ,simon & ,pet] to be p>s$8 #gg4 ,9 su* s5t5ces z1 ,i paid him ! money1--,he ask$ !m ! "q1 h[ are ! two objectives to be p>s$8 #gh4 ,does any v]b 9 ,engli% ev] gov]n two objectives t are n c\pl$8 #gi4 ,are !re any ( our passive v]bs t c prop]ly gov]n ! objective case8 #hj4 ,is n our language l ! ,lat91 9 respect to v]bs gov]n+ two cases1 & passives reta9+ ! latt]8 #ha4 ,h[ d our gramm>ians n[ dispose ( :at rema9s to u ( ! old ,saxon dative case8 #hb4 ,d any reputable writ]s all[ passive v]bs to gov]n ! objective case8 #hc4 ,:at says ,l9dley ,murray ab\t ?is passive gov]nm5t8 #hd4 ,:y is ! position1 ,active v]bs gov]n ! objective case1 ( no use to ! compos]8 #he4 ,on :at is ! con/ruction ( same cases f\nd$8 #hf4 ,does ?is con/ruction admit ( any v>iety 9 ! position ( ! words8 #hg4 ,does an ellipsis ( ! v]b or p>ticiple *ange ?is con/ruction into apposition8 #hh4 ,is x ev] "r to put bo? t]ms be=e ! v]b8 #hi4 ,:at k9ds ( words c take diff]5t cases aft] !m8 #ij4 ,c a p>ticiple :i* is gov]n$ by a preposition1 h a case aft] x :i* is gov]n$ by nei!r8 #ia4 ,h[ is ! ^w man to be p>s$ 9 ! foll[+ example8 ,! atroci\s crime ( be+ a "y man1 ,i %all nei!r attempt to palliate1 nor d5y4 ,,lesson ,,xviii4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 #ib4 ,9 :at k9ds ( examples d we meet ) a d\btful case aft] a p>ticiple8 #ic4 ,is ! case aft] ! v]b reckon$ d\btful1 :5 ! subject go+ be=e is a s5t5ce1 or some?+ n decl9able by cases8 #id4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,x is c]ta9ly z easy to be a s*ol>1 z a game/]1 :at is ! case ( s*ol> & game/]1 & :y8 #ie4 ,are !re any v]bs t sometimes connect l cases1 & sometimes gov]n ! objective8 #if4 ,:at faults are !re 9 ! rules giv5 by ,l[?1 ,murray1 ,smi?1 & o!rs1 = ! con/ruction ( l cases8 #ig4 ,c a preposition ev] gov]n any ?+ else ?an a n\n or a pron\n8 #ih4 ,is e ?+ t a preposition gov]ns1 necess>ily suppos$ to h cases1 & to be 9 ! objective8 #ii4 ,:y or :]e9 is ! common rule1 ,prepositions gov]n ! objective case1 defective or insuffici5t8 #ajj4 ,9 su* phrases z 9 va91 at fir/1 9 p>ticul>1 h[ is ! adjective to be p>s$8 #aja4 ,9 su* expressions z1 ,i give x up = lo/1--,i take x = grant$1 h[ is ! p>ticiple to be p>s$8 #ajb4 ,9 su* phrases z1 at once1 f !nce1 till n[1 h[ is ! latt] ^w to be p>s$8 #ajc4 ,:at peculi>ity is !re 9 ! con/ruction ( n\ns ( "t1 measure1 di/ance1 or value8 #ajd4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! words l1 ne>1 & nigh8 #aje4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! ^w wor?8 #ajf4 ,accord+ to ,johnson & ,tooke1 :at is wor?1 9 su* phrases z1 ,wo wor? ! day8 #ajg4 ,aft] v]bs ( giv+1 pay+1 & ! l1 :at ellipsis is apt to occur8 #ajh4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! n\ns us$ 9 dates8 #aji4 ,:at defect is obs]vable 9 ! common rules = ! case absolute1 or ! nom9ative indep5d5t8 #aaj4 ,9 h[ _m ways is ! nom9ative case put absolute8 #aaa4 ,:at p>ticiple is (t5 und]/ood aft] n\ns put absolute8 #aab4 ,9 h[ _m ways c n\ns ( ! second p]son be employ$8 #aac4 ,:at is said ( n\ns us$ 9 exclamations1 or 9 mottoes & abbreviat$ say+s8 #aad4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( su* phrases z1 h& to h&1--face to face8 #aae4 ,:at au?ors d5y ! exi/5ce ( ! case absolute8 ,,lesson ,,xix4--,,adjectives4 #a4 ,does ! adjective frequ5tly relate to :at is n utt]$ ) x8 #b4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ^? rules :i* suppose e adjective to relate to "s n\n8 #c4 ,to :at does ! adjective usually relate1 :5 x /&s alone aft] a f9ite v]b8 #d4 ,:]e is ! n\n or pron\n1 :5 an adjective foll[s an inf9itive or a p>ticiple8 #e4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( adjectives prec$$ by ! & us$ elliptically8 #f4 ,:at is said ( ! position ( ! adjective8 #g4 ,9 :at in/ances is ! adjective plac$ aft] its n\n8 #h4 ,9 :at in/ances may ! adjective ei!r prec$e or foll[ ! n\n8 #i4 ,:at are ! con/ruction & import ( ! phrases1 9 p>ticul>1 9 g5]al1 & ! l8 #aj4 ,:at is said ( adjectives z agree+ or disagree+ ) _! n\ns 9 numb]8 #aa4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ?is & t z ref]r+ to two n\ns connect$8 #ab4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( ! use ( adjectives = adv]bs8 #ac4 ,h[ c "o det]m9e :e!r an adjective or an adv]b is requir$8 #ad4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( ! plac+ ( two or m adjectives be=e "o n\n8 #ae4 ,h[ c "o avoid ! ambiguity :i* ,dr4 ,prie/ley notices 9 ! use ( ! adjective no8 ,,lesson ,,xx4--,,pron\ns4 #a4 ,c su* pron\ns z /& = ?+s n nam$1 be said to agree ) ! n\ns = :i* !y are sub/itut$8 #b4 ,is ! pron\n we s+ul> :5 x is us$ 9 lieu ( ,i8 #c4 ,is ! pron\n y s+ul> :5 us$ 9 lieu ( ?\ or !e8 #d4 ,:at is !re rem>kable 9 ! con/ruction ( ourself & y\rself8 #e4 ,( :at p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 is ! relative1 :5 put aft] su* t]ms ( address z1 y\r ,maje/y1 y\r ,highness1 y\r ,lord%ip1 y\r ,hon\r8 #f4 ,h[ does ! ,engli% fa%ion ( putt+ y = ?\1 comp>e ) ! usage ( ! ,fr5*1 & ( o!r nations8 #g4 ,d any imag9e ^! fa%ionable sub/itutions to be morally objectionable8 #h4 ,:at figures ( rhetoric are liable to affect ! agreem5t ( pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts8 #i4 ,h[ does ! pron\n agree ) its n\n 9 cases ( p]sonification8 #aj4 ,h[ does ! pron\n agree ) its n\n 9 cases ( metaphor8 #aa4 ,h[ does ! pron\n agree ) its n\n 9 cases ( metonymy8 #ab4 ,h[ does ! pron\n agree ) its n\n 9 cases ( synecdo*e8 #ac4 ,:at is ! usual position ( pron\ns1 & :at exceptions are !re8 #ad4 ,:5 a pron\n repres5ts a phrase or s5t5ce1 ( :at p]son1 numb]1 & g5d] is x8 #ae4 ,"u :at circum/ances c a pron\n agree ) ei!r ( two antec$5ts8 #af4 ,) :at does ! relative agree :5 an o!r ^w is introduc$ by ! pron\n x8 #ag4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,x is useless to compla91 :at does x repres5t8 #ah4 ,h[ are relative & int]rogative pron\ns plac$8 #ai4 ,:at are ! *ief con/ructional peculi>ities ( ! relative pron\ns8 #bj4 ,:y does ! au?or disc>d ! two special rules commonly giv5 = ! con/ruction ( relatives8 ,,lesson ,,xxi4--,,pron\ns4 #ba4 ,to :at "p ( spee* is ! greate/ numb] ( rules appli$ 9 p>s+8 #bb4 ,( ! tw5ty-f\r rules 9 ?is "w1 h[ _m are applicable to pron\ns8 #bc4 ,( ! sev5 rules = cases1 h[ _m are applicable to relatives & int]rogatives8 #bd4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( ! ellipsis or omission ( ! relative8 #be4 ,:at is said ( ! suppression ( ! antec$5t8 #bf4 ,:at is not$ ( ! ^w :i*1 z appli$ to p]sons8 #bg4 ,:at relative is appli$ to a prop] n\n tak5 m]ely z a "n8 #bh4 ,:5 d we employ ! same relative 9 successive clauses8 #bi4 ,:at odd use is sometimes made ( ! pron\n y\r8 #cj4 ,"u :at figure ( syntax did ! old gramm>ians rank ! plural con/ruction ( a n\n ( multitude8 #ca4 ,does a collective n\n ) a s+ul> def9itive be=e x ev] admit ( a plural v]b or pron\n8 #cb4 ,d collective n\ns g5]ally admit ( be+ made lit]ally plural8 #cc4 ,:5 jo9t antec$5ts are ( diff]5t p]sons1 ) :i* p]son does ! pron\n agree8 #cd4 ,:5 jo9t antec$5ts diff] 9 g5d]1 ( :at g5d] is ! pron\n8 #ce4 ,:y is x wrong to say1 ,! fir/ has a l5is1 & ! o!r an asp] ov] !m8 #cf4 ,c n\ns )\t & be tak5 jo9tly1 z if !y _h x8 #cg4 ,c s+ul> antec$5ts be s sugge/$ z to require a plural pron\n1 :5 only "o ( !m is utt]$8 #ch4 ,:y d s+ul> antec$5ts connect$ by or or nor appe> to require a s+ul> pron\n8 #ci4 ,c diff]5t antec$5ts connect$ by or be accurately repres5t$ by diff]+ pron\ns connect$ 9 ! same way8 #dj4 ,:y are we apt to use a plural pron\n aft] antec$5ts ( diff]5t g5d]s8 #da4 ,d ! ,lat9 gramm>s tea* ! same doctr9e z ! ,engli%1 conc]n+ nom9atives or antec$5ts connect$ disjunctively8 ,,lesson ,,xxii4--,,v]bs4 #a4 ,:at is necess>y to e f9ite v]b8 #b4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( su* examples z ?is3 ,! ,pleasures ( ,memory 0 publi%$ 9 #agjb8 #c4 ,:at is to be done ) ,?9ks ,i to myself1 & ! l8 #d4 ,is x "r to say ) ,smi?1 ,e hundr$ ye>s con/itutes a c5tury8 #e4 ,:at ne$less ellipses bo? ( nom9atives & ( v]bs are commonly suppos$ by our gramm>ians8 #f4 ,:at actual ellipsis usually occurs ) ! imp]ative mood8 #g4 ,:at is obs]v$ conc]n+ ! place ( ! v]b8 #h4 ,:at besides a n\n or a pron\n may be made ! subject ( a v]b8 #i4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( ! faulty omission ( ! pron\n x be=e ! v]b8 #aj ,:5 an inf9itive phrase is made ! subject ( a v]b1 d ! words rema9 adjuncts1 or are !y ab/ract8 #aa4 ,h[ c we introduce a n\n or pron\n be=e ! inf9itive1 & /ill make ! :ole phrase ! subject ( a f9ite v]b8 #ab4 ,c an objective be=e ! inf9itive become ! subject ( ! affirmation8 #ac4 ,9 mak+ a phrase ! subject ( a v]b1 d we produce an exception to ,rule #ad?8 #ad4 ,:y is x wrong to say1 ) ,dr4 ,a%1 ,! k+ & que5 appe>+ 9 public 0 ! cause ( my go+8 #ae4 ,:at inconsi/5cy is f\nd 9 ,murray1 ) ref]5ce to 8 nom9ative s5t5ces8 #af4 ,:at is ,dr4 ,web/]'s n9? rule ( syntax8 #ag4 ,:y did ,murray ?9k all ,web/]'s examples "u ?is rule bad ,engli%8 #ah4 ,:y are bo? p>ties wrong 9 ?is in/ance8 #ai4 ,:at /range error is taught by ,cobbett1 & by ,wright1 9 reg>d to ! relative & its v]b8 #bj4 ,is x demon/rable t v]bs (t5 agree ) relatives8 #ba4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! agreem5t ( v]bs 9 int]rogative s5t5ces8 #bb4 ,d we ev] f9d ! subjunctive mood put aft] a relative pron\n8 #bc4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! indicative & ! subjunctive mood1 & ( ! limits ( ! latt]8 ,,lesson ,,xxiii4--,,v]bs4 #bd4 ,9 respect to collective n\ns1 h[ is x g5]ally det]m9$1 :e!r !y convey ! idea ( plurality or n8 #be4 ,:at is /at$ ( ! rules ( ,adam1 ,l[?1 ,murray1 & ,kirkham1 conc]n+ collective n\ns8 #bf4 ,:at is ,nixon's notion ( ! con/ruction ( ! v]b & collective n\n8 #bg4 ,does ?is au?or appe> to h ga9$ a cle> idea ( ! nature ( a collective n\n8 #bh4 ,:at great difficulty does ,murray ackn[l$ge conc]n+ n\ns ( multitude8 #bi4 ,does ,murray's notion1 t collective n\ns are ( diff]5t sorts1 appe> to be consi/5t or w>rantable8 #cj4 ,c words t agree ) ! same collective n\n1 be ( diff]5t numb]s8 #ca4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( collective n\ns us$ p>titively8 #cb4 ,:i* are ! mo/ apt to be tak5 plurally1 collections ( p]sons1 or collections ( ?+s8 #cc4 ,c a collective n\n1 z su*1 take a plural adjective be=e x8 #cd4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! expressions1 ^! p1 ^! g5try1 ^! folk8 #ce4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 9 :i* !re seems to be no nom9ative3 ,!re are f eight to twelve pr(essors8 #cf4 ,:at rule does ,dr4 ,web/] give = su* examples z ! foll[+3 ,!re 0 m ?an a hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p\nds8 #cg4 ,:at gramm>ians tea*1 t two or m n\ns connect$ by &1 always require ! v]b or pron\n to :i* !y ref]1 to be 9 ! plural numb]8 #ch4 ,does ,murray ackn[l$ge or furni% any exceptions to ?is doctr9e8 #ci4 ,on :at pr9ciple c "o ju/ify su* an example z ?is3 ,all "w & no play1 makes ,jack a dull boy8 #dj4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( in/ances l ! foll[+3 ,prior's ,h5ry & ,emma conta9s an o!r beautiful example8 #da4 ,:at is said ( ! suppression ( ! conjunction &8 #db4 ,:5 ! speak] *anges 8 nom9ative1 to take a /rong] "o1 :at concord has ! v]b8 #dc4 ,:5 two or m nom9atives connect$ by & expla9 a prec$+ "o1 :at agreem5t has ! v]b8 #dd4 ,:at gramm>ian approves ( su* expressions z1 ,two & two is f\r8 #de4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( v]bs t agree ) ! ne>e/ nom9ative1 & are und]/ood to ! re/8 #df4 ,:5 ! nom9atives connect$ are ( diff]5t p]sons1 ( :at p]son is ! v]b8 ,,lesson ,,xxiv4--,,v]bs4 #dg4 ,:at is ! syntax ( ! v]b1 :5 "o ( its nom9atives is express$1 & an o!r or o!rs impli$8 #dh4 ,:at is ! syntax ( ! v]b1 :5 !re are nom9atives connect$ by z8 #di4 ,:at is ! con/ruction :5 two nom9atives are connect$ by z well z1 b1 or save8 #ej4 ,c words connect$ by ) be prop]ly us$ z jo9t nom9atives8 #ea4 ,does ! analogy ( o!r languages ) ours prove any ?+ on ?is po9t8 #eb4 ,:at does ,cobbett say ab\t ) put = &8 #ec4 ,:at is ! con/ruction ( su* expressions z ?is3 ,a tor*1 snuff & all1 goes out 9 a mom5t8 #ed4 ,does our rule = ! v]b & disjunct nom9atives d]ive confirmation f ! ,lat9 & ,greek syntax8 #ee4 ,:y d collective n\ns s+ul>1 :5 connect$ by or or nor1 admit ( a plural v]b8 #ef4 ,9 ! expression1 ,i1 ?\1 or he1 may affirm1 ( :at p]son & numb] is ! v]b8 #eg4 ,:o says1 ! v]b agrees ) ! la/ nom9ative8 #eh4 ,:at au?ors pref] ! ne>e/ p]son1 & ! plural numb]8 #ei4 ,:at au?ors pref] ! ne>e/ nom9ative1 :e!r s+ul> or plural8 #fj4 ,:at au?or decl>es x improp] ev] to connect by or or nor any nom9atives t require diff]5t =ms ( ! v]b8 #fa4 ,:at is ,cobbett's cle> pr9ciple on ?is head8 #fb4 ,c a zeugma ( ! v]b be prov$ to be "r1 9 spite ( ^! au?orities8 #fc4 ,:5 a v]b has nom9atives ( diff]5t p]sons or numb]s1 connect$ by or or nor1 ) :i* ( !m does x commonly agree8 #fd4 ,:5 does x agree ) ! remot] nom9ative8 #fe4 ,:5 a n\n is impli$ 9 an adjective ( a diff]5t numb]1 :i* ^w is reg>d$ 9 ! =mation ( ! v]b8 #ff4 ,:at is rem>k$ conc]n+ ! place ( ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul>8 #fg4 ,:5 v]bs are connect$ by &1 or1 or nor1 d !y necess>ily agree ) ! same nom9ative8 #fh4 ,:y is ! ?irte5? rule ( ! au?or's ,in/itutes & ,fir/ ,l9es n reta9$ z a rule 9 ?is "w8 #fi4 ,are v]bs (t5 connect$ )\t agree+ 9 mood1 t5se1 & =m8 ,,lesson ,,xxv4--,,v]bs4 #gj4 ,:at p>ticul> conv5i5ce d we f9d 9 hav+ mo/ ( our t5ses compos$ ( sep>able words8 #ga4 ,is ! connect+ ( v]bs elliptically1 or by p>ts1 any?+ peculi> to our language8 #gb4 ,:at faults appe> 9 ! tea*+ ( our gramm>ians conc]n+ d us$ z a sub/itute = o!r v]bs8 #gc4 ,:at notions h be5 ent]ta9$ conc]n+ ! ^w to z us$ be=e ! inf9itive v]b8 #gd4 ,h[ does ,dr4 ,a% p>se to be=e ! inf9itive8 #ge4 ,:at gramm>ians h taught t ! preposition to gov]ns ! inf9itive mood8 #gf4 ,does ,l[? agree ) ,murray 9 ! anomaly ( suppos+ to a preposition t gov]ns no?+8 #gg4 ,:y d ^? tea* j z inconsi/5tly1 :o =be> to call ! to a preposition8 #gh4 ,:at objections are !re to ! rule1 ) its exceptions1 ,"o v]b gov]ns an o!r 9 ! inf9itive mood8 #gi4 ,:at l>ge exception to ?is rule has be5 rec5tly discov]$ by ,dr4 ,bullions8 #hj4 ,are ! c\ntless examples ( ?is exception truly elliptical8 #ha4 ,is ! inf9itive ev] gov]n$ by a preposition 9 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 or ,italian8 #hb4 ,:at :imsical acc\nt ( ! ,engli% inf9itive is giv5 by ,nixon8 #hc4 ,h[ 0 ! inf9itive express$ 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon ( ! elev5? c5tury8 #hd4 ,:at does ,ri*>d ,johnson inf] f ! fact t ! ,lat9 inf9itive is sometimes gov]n$ by a preposition8 #he4 ,:at reasons c be adduc$ to %[ t ! inf9itive is n a n\n8 #hf4 ,h[ c x be prov$ t to be=e ! inf9itive is a preposition8 #hg4 ,:at does ,dr4 ,wilson say ( ! "* & import ( ! inf9itive8 #hh4 ,to :at o!r t]ms c ! inf9itive be connect$8 #hi4 ,:at is ! inf9itive1 & = :at ?+s may x /&8 #ij4 ,d ^! t5 heads embrace all ! uses ( ! inf9itive8 #ia4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ,murray's inf9itive made absolute8 #ib4 ,:at is said ( ! position ( ! inf9itive8 #ic4 ,is ! inf9itive ev] liable to be misplac$8 ,,lesson ,,xxvi4--,,v]bs4 #id4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! frequ5t ellipses ( ! v]b to be1 suppos$ by ,all5 & o!rs8 #ie4 ,:at is said ( ! suppression ( to & ! ins]tion ( be2 z1 ,to make himself be he>d8 #if4 ,:y is x necess>y to use ! sign to be=e an ab/ract inf9itive1 :]e x %[s no relation8 #ig4 ,:at is obs]v$ conc]n+ ! di/9ction ( voice 9 ! simple inf9itive & ! fir/ p>ticiple8 #ih4 ,:at d our gramm>ians tea* conc]n+ ! omission ( to be=e ! inf9itive1 aft] bid1 d>e1 feel1 c48 #ii4 ,h[ d ,+]soll1 ,kirkham1 & ,smi?1 agree ) _! ma/] ,murray1 conc]n+ su* examples z1 ,let me g8 #ajj4 ,:at is affirm$ ( ! difficulties ( p>s+ ! inf9itive accord+ to ! code ( ,murray8 #aja4 ,h[ d ,nutt+1 ,kirkham1 ,nixon1 ,coop]1 & ,sanborn1 agree ) ,murray1 or ) "o an o!r1 9 po9t+ out :at gov]ns ! inf9itive8 #ajb4 ,:at d ,murray & o!rs mean by neut] v]bs1 :5 !y tell u t ! tak+ ( ! inf9itive )\t to ext5ds only to active & neut] v]bs8 #ajc4 ,h[ is ! inf9itive us$ aft] bid8 #ajd4 ,h[1 aft] d>e8 #aje4 ,h[1 aft] feel8 #ajf4 ,h[1 aft] he>8 #ajg4 ,h[1 aft] let8 #ajh4 ,h[1 aft] make8 #aji4 ,h[1 aft] ne$8 #aaj4 ,is ne$ ev] an auxili>y8 #aaa4 ,:at errors are taught by ,gre5leaf conc]n+ d>e & ne$ or ne$s8 #aab4 ,:at is said ( see1 z gov]n+ ! inf9itive8 #aac4 ,d any o!r v]bs1 besides ^! eight1 take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t to8 #aad4 ,h[ is ! inf9itive us$ aft] h1 help1 & f9d8 #aae4 ,:5 two or m inf9itives occur 9 ! same con/ruction1 mu/ to be us$ ) ea*8 #aaf4 ,:at is said ( ! sign to aft] ?an or z8 ,,lesson ,,xxvii4--,,p>ticiples4 #a4 ,:at que/ionable uses ( p>ticiples are commonly admitt$ by gramm>ians8 #b4 ,:y does ! au?or incl9e to condemn ^! peculi>ities8 #c4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! multiplicity ( uses to :i* ! p>ticiple 9 + may be turn$8 #d4 ,:at is said ( ! p>ticiples :i* "s suppose to be put absolute8 #e4 ,h[ are p>ticiples plac$8 #f4 ,:at is said ( ! transitive use ( su* words z unbecom+8 #g4 ,:at di/9ction1 9 respect to gov]nm5t1 is to be obs]v$ betwe5 a p>ticiple & a p>ticipial n\n8 #h4 ,:at %all we d :5 ( aft] ! p>ticipial n\n is objectionable8 #i4 ,:at is said ( ! correction ( ^? examples 9 :i* a ne$less article or possessive is put be=e ! p>ticiple8 #aj4 ,:at is /at$ ( ! reta9+ ( adv]bs ) p>ticipial n\ns8 #aa4 ,c words hav+ ! =m ( ! fir/ p>ticiple be n\ns1 & cle>ly kn[n to be su*1 :5 !y h no adjuncts8 #ab4 ,:at /rictures are made on ,murray1 ,l5nie1 & ,bullions1 ) ref]5ce to examples 9 :i* an inf9itive foll[s ! p>ticipial n\n8 #ac4 ,9 :at in/ances is ! fir/ p>ticiple equival5t to ! inf9itive8 #ad4 ,:at is said ( c]ta9 inf9itives suppos$ to be errone\sly put = p>ticiples8 #ae4 ,:at v]bs take ! p>ticiple aft] !m1 & n ! inf9itive8 #af4 ,:at is said ( ^? examples 9 :i* p>ticiples seem to be made ! objects ( v]bs8 #ag4 ,:at is said ( ! tea*+ ( ,murray & o!rs1 t1 ,! p>ticiple ) its adjuncts may be consid]$ z a sub/antive phrase8 #ah4 ,h[ does ! ,engli% p>ticiple comp>e ) ! ,lat9 g]und8 #ai4 ,h[ d ,dr4 ,adam & o!rs suppose ! g]und 9 ,engli% to become a sub/antive1 or n\n8 #bj4 ,h[ does ! ,fr5* con/ruction ( p>ticiples & inf9itives comp>e ) ! ,engli%8 ,,lesson ,,xxviii4--,,p>ticiples4 #ba4 ,:at diff]5ce does x make1 :e!r we use ! possessive case be=e words 9 +1 or n8 #bb4 ,:at is said ( ! di/+ui%+ or conf\nd+ ( diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 su* z v]bs1 p>ticiples1 & n\ns8 #bc4 ,) h[ _m o!r p>ts ( spee* does ,w4 ,all5 conf\nd ! p>ticiple8 #bd4 ,h[ is ! di/+ui%+ ( ! p>ticiple f ! v]bal n\n inculcat$ by ,all51 & _! diff]5ce ( mean+ by ,murray8 #be4 ,is x pret5d$ t ! au?orities & reasons :i* oppose ! mix$ con/ruction ( p>ticiples1 are suffici5t to prove su* usage altoge!r inadmissible8 #bf4 ,is x prop] to tea*1 9 g5]al t]ms1 t ! n\n or pron\n :i* limits ! mean+ ( a p>ticiple %\ld be put 9 ! possessive case8 #bg4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( diff]5t cases us$ indiscrim9ately be=e ! p>ticiple or v]bal n\n8 #bh4 ,:at say ,crombie & o!rs ab\t ?is disputable phraseology8 #bi4 ,:at says ,br[n ( ?is _! tea*+8 #cj4 ,h[ d ,prie/ley & o!rs pret5d to di/+ui% betwe5 ! p>ticipial & ! sub/antive use ( v]bals 9 +8 #ca4 ,:at does ,br[n say ( ?is doctr9e8 #cb4 ,if :5 a p>ticiple becomes an adjective x drops its regim51 %\ld x n also drop x on becom+ a n\n8 #cc4 ,:]e ! s5se admits ( a *oice ( con/ruction 9 respect to ! p>ticiple1 is n att5tion due to ! analogy ( g5]al gramm>8 #cd4 ,does x appe> t n\ns be=e p>ticiples are less frequ5tly subject$ to _! gov]nm5t ?an pron\ns8 #ce4 ,:y mu/ a gramm>ian discrim9ate betwe5 idioms1 or peculi>ities1 & ! common mode ( expression8 #cf4 ,is ! ,lat9 g]und1 l ! v]bal 9 +1 sometimes active1 sometimes passive2 & :5 ! =m] gov]ns ! g5itive1 d we imitate ! idiom 9 ,engli%8 #cg4 ,is x agre$ among gramm>ians1 t ! ,lat9 g]und may gov]n ! g5itive ( ! ag5t8 #ch4 ,:at di/9ction betwe5 ! p>ticipial & ! sub/antive use ( v]bals 9 + d ,crombie & o!rs propose to make8 #ci4 ,h[ does ?is accord ) ! views ( ,murray1 ,l[?1 ,adam1 & ,br[n84 #dj4 ,h[ does ,hiley treat ! ,engli% p>ticiple8 #da4 ,:at fur!r is rem>k$ conc]n+ false tea*+ 9 relation to p>ticiples8 ,,lesson ,,xxix4--,,adv]bs4 #a4 ,:at is repli$ to ,dr4 ,adam's sugge/ion1 ,adv]bs sometimes qualify sub/antives8 #b4 ,d n adv]bs sometimes relate to p>ticipial n\ns8 #c4 ,if an adv]bial ^w relates directly to a n\n or pron\n1 does n t fact con/itute x an adjective8 #d4 ,are su* expressions z1 ! !n m9i/ry1 ! above disc\rse1 good ,engli%1 or bad--well au?oriz$1 or n8 #e4 ,:5 words commonly us$ z adv]bs assume ! con/ruction ( n\ns1 h[ are !y to be p>s$8 #f4 ,mu/ n ! p>s] be c>eful to di/+ui% adv]bs us$ sub/antively or adjectively1 f su* z may be bett] resolv$ by ! suppos+ ( an ellipsis8 #g4 ,h[ is an adv]b to be p>s$1 :5 x seems to be put = a v]b8 #h4 ,h[ are adv]bs to be p>s$ 9 su* expressions z1 ,away ) him8 #i4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! relation ( conjunctive adv]bs1 & ( ! misuse ( :58 #aj4 ,:at is said 9 reg>d to ! plac+ ( adv]bs8 #aa4 ,:at sugge/ions are made conc]n+ ! ^w no8 #ab4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( two or m negatives 9 ! same s5t5ce8 #ac4 ,is t a correct rule :i* says1 ,two negatives1 9 ,engli%1 de/roy ea* o!r1 or are equival5t to an affirmative8 #ad4 ,:at is ! dispute among gramm>ians conc]n+ ! adoption ( or or nor aft] n or no8 #ae4 ,:at fault is f\nd ) ! op9ion ( ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 ,+]soll1 & ,smi?1 t ei!r ( !m may be us$ ) ne>ly equal propriety8 #af4 ,h[ does ,john ,burn propose to settle ?is dispute8 #ag4 ,h[ does ,*ur*ill treat ! matt]8 #ah4 ,:at does he say ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! use ( nor aft] n has be5 introduc$8 #ai4 ,:at o!r common modes ( expression are c5sur$ by ?is au?or "u ! same head8 #bj4 ,h[ does ,br[n review ^! criticisms1 & attempt to settle ! "q8 #ba4 ,:at critical rem>k is made on ! misuse ( ev] & nev]8 #bb4 ,h[ does ,*ur*ill diff] f ,l[? respect+ ! phrase1 ev] s wisely1 or nev] s wisely8 #bc4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( nev] & ev] z seem+ to be adjectives1 & be+ liable to contraction8 #bd4 ,:at /rictures are made on ! classification & plac+ ( ! ^w only8 #be4 ,:at is obs]v$ ( ! t]m n b1 & ( ! adv]bial use ( b8 #bf4 ,:at is not$ ( ! ambigu\s use ( b or only8 #bg4 ,:at notions are inculcat$ by diff]5t gramm>ians ab\t ! introductory ^w !re8 ,,lesson ,,xxx4--,,conjunctions4 #a4 ,:5 two decl9able words are connect$ by a conjunction1 :y are !y ( ! same case8 #b4 ,:at is ! p[]1 & :at ! position1 ( a conjunction t connects s5t5ces or clauses8 #c4 ,:at fur!r is add$ conc]n+ ! t]ms :i* conjunctions connect8 #d4 ,:at is rem>k$ ( two or m conjunctions com+ toge!r8 #e4 ,:at is said ( & z suppos$ to be us$ to call att5tion8 #f4 ,:at relation ( case occurs betwe5 n\ns connect$ by z8 #g4 ,betwe5 :at o!r relat$ t]ms c z be employ$8 #h4 ,:at is z :5 x is made ! subject or ! object ( a v]b8 #i4 ,:at que/ions are rais$ among gramm>ians1 ab\t ! con/ruction ( z foll[ or z foll[s1 & o!r simil> phrases8 #aj4 ,:at is said ( ,murray's mode ( treat+ ?is subject8 #aa4 ,has ,murray writt5 any ?+ :i* goes to %[ :e!r z foll[s c be "r or n1 :5 ! prec$+ n\n is plural8 #ab4 ,:at is ! op9ion ( ,nixon1 & ( ,crombie8 #ac4 ,:at conjunction is frequ5tly und]/ood8 #ad4 ,:at is said ( ellipsis aft] ?an or z8 #ae4 ,:at is sugge/$ conc]n+ ! "* & import ( ?an & z8 #af4 ,does ?an z well z z usually take ! same case aft] x t occurs be=e x8 #ag4 ,is ! ,greek or ,lat9 con/ruction ( ! latt] t]m 9 a comp>ison usually su* z ours8 #ah4 ,:at inf]5ces h our gramm>ians made f ! phrase ?an :om8 #ai4 ,is ?an suppos$ by ,murray to be capable ( gov]n+ any o!r objective ?an :om8 #bj4 ,:at gramm>ian supposes :om aft] ?an to be 9 ! objective case absolute8 #ba4 ,h[ does ! au?or ( ?is "w dispose ( ! example8 #bb4 ,:at notice is tak5 ( ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gramm>1 ) ref]5ce to 8 mann] ( p>s+ words aft] ?an or z8 #bc4 ,:at says ,*ur*ill ab\t ! notion t c]ta9 conjunctions gov]n ! subjunctive mood8 #bd4 ,:at is said ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* conta9$ 9 ! li/ ( correspond5ts8 ,,lesson ,,xxxi4--,,prepositions4 #a4 ,:at is said ( ! p>s+ ( a preposition8 #b4 ,h[ c ! t]ms ( relation :i* p]ta9 to ! preposition be asc]ta9$8 #c4 ,:at is said ( ! transposition ( ! two t]ms8 #d4 ,betwe5 :at p>ts ( spee*1 z t]ms ( ! relation1 c a preposition be us$8 #e4 ,:at is said ( ! ellipsis ( "o or ! o!r ( ! t]ms8 #f4 ,is to be=e ! inf9itive to be p>s$ j z any o!r preposition8 #g4 ,:at is said ( ,dr4 ,adam's ,to tak5 absolutely8 #h4 ,:at is obs]v$ 9 relation to ! exceptions to ,rule #bc;d8 #i4 ,:at is said ( ! plac+ ( prepositions8 #aj4 ,:at is told ( two prepositions com+ toge!r8 #aa4 ,9 h[ _m & :at ways does ! relation ( prepositions admit ( complexity8 #ab4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 9 & into8 #ac4 ,:at notice is tak5 ( ! application ( betwe51 betwixt1 among1 among/1 amid1 amid/8 #ad4 ,:at errone\s rem>k h ,prie/ley1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 ab\t two prepositions 9 ! same con/ruction8 #ae4 ,:at false doctr9e h ,l[?1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 ab\t ! sep>at+ ( ! preposition f its n\n8 #af4 ,:at is said ( ! prepositions :i* foll[ av]se & av]sion1 except & exception8 #ag4 ,:at is rem>k$ conc]n+ ! use ( (1 to1 on1 & ^u8 #ah4 ,c !re be an inelegant use ( prepositions :i* is n positively ungrammatical8 ,,lesson ,,xxxii4--,,int]jections4 #a4 ,are all int]jections to be p>s$ z be+ put absolute8 #b4 ,:at is said ( ,o & ! vocative case8 #c4 ,:at d ,nixon & ,kirkham errone\sly tea* ab\t cases gov]n$ by int]jections8 #d4 ,:at say ,murray1 ,+]soll1 & ,l5nie1 ab\t int]jections & cases8 #e4 ,:at is %[n ( ! lat] tea*+ to :i* ,murray's errone\s & unorig9al rem>k ab\t ,o1 oh1 & ah1 has giv5 rise8 #f4 ,:at notice is tak5 ( ! application ( ! rule = ,o1 oh1 & ah1 to n\ns ( ! second p]son8 #g4 ,:at is obs]v$ conc]n+ ! fur!r ext5sion ( ?is rule to n\ns & pron\ns ( ! ?ird p]son8 #h4 ,:at au?ors tea* t int]jections are put absolute1 & h no gov]nm5t8 #i4 ,:at is ! con/ruction ( ! pron\n 9 ,ah me6 ,ah him6 or any simil> exclamation8 #aj4 ,is ! common rule = int]jections1 z requir+ c]ta9 cases aft] !m1 su/a9$ by any analogy f ! ,lat9 syntax8 #aa4 ,c x be %[n1 on good au?ority1 t ,o 9 ,lat9 may be foll[$ by ! nom9ative ( ! fir/ p]son or ! accusative ( ! second8 #ab4 ,:at errors 9 ! con/ruction & punctuation ( int]jectional phrases are quot$ f ,fisk1 ,smi?1 & ,kirkham8 #ac4 ,:at is said ( ^? s5t5ces 9 :i* an int]jection is foll[$ by a preposition or ! conjunction t8 #ad4 ,:at is said ( ! place ( ! int]jection8 #ae4 ,:at says ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce ab\t ! "n & place ( ! int]jection8 #af4 ,:at is (f]$ 9 refutation ( ,peirce's doctr9e8 ,n[ p>se ! six lessons ( ! ,?irte5? ,praxis2 tak+1 if ! tea*] please1 ! ,italic or difficult words only2 & ref]r+ to ! exceptions or obs]vations "u ! rules1 z (t5 z !re is occasion4 ,!n proce$ to ! correction ( ! eighte5 lessons ( ,false ,syntax conta9$ 9 ,*apt] ,twelf?1 or ! ,g5]al ,review4 ,,lesson ,,xxxiii4--,,g5]al ,,rule4 #a4 ,:y 7 ! g5]al rule & ! g5]al or critical notes add$ to ! =ego+ code ( syntax8 #b4 ,:at is ! g5]al rule8 #c4 ,h[ _m are !re ( ! g5]al or critical notes8 #d4 ,:at says ,critical ,note #a/ ( ! p>ts ( spee*8 #e4 ,:at says ,note #b;d ( ! d\btful ref]5ce ( words8 #f4 ,:at says ,note #c;d ( def9itions8 #g4 ,:at says ,note #d? ( comp>isons8 #h4 ,:at says ,note #e? ( falsities8 #i4 ,:at says ,note #f? ( absurdities8 #aj4 ,:at says ,note #g? ( self-contradiction8 #aa4 ,:at says ,note #h? ( s5seless jumbl+8 #ab4 ,:at says ,note #i? ( words ne$less8 #ac4 ,:at says ,note #aj? ( improp] omissions8 #ad4 ,:at says ,note #aa? ( lit]>y blund]s8 #ae4 ,:at says ,note #ab? ( lit]>y p]v]sions8 #af4 ,:at says ,note #ac? ( lit]>y awkw>dness8 #ag4 ,:at says ,note #ad? ( lit]>y ignorance8 #ah4 ,:at says ,note #ae? ( lit]>y sill9ess8 #ai4 ,:at says ,note #af? ( errors incorrigible8 #bj4 ,9 :at place are ! rules1 exceptions1 notes1 & obs]vations1 9 ! =ego+ sy/em ( syntax1 enum]at$ & describ$8 #ba4 ,:at sugge/ions are made 9 relation to ! numb] ( rules or notes1 & ! complet5ess ( ! sy/em8 #bb4 ,:at is rem>k$ on ! place & "* ( ! critical notes & ! g5]al rule8 #bc4 ,:at is not$ 9 relation to ! unam5dable imp]fections sometimes f\nd 9 anci5t writ+s8 ,n[ correct--7or at lea/ read1 & comp>e ) ! ,key--7 ! sixte5 lessons ( ,false ,syntax1 arrang$ "u appropriate heads1 = ! application ( ! ,g5]al ,rule2 ! sixte5 o!rs adapt$ to ! ,critical ,notes2 & ! five conclud+ ones1 = :i* ! rules are v>i\s4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4--,,= ,,writ+4 ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,syntax4 ,fi/,:5 ! pupil has be5 suffici5tly ex]cis$ 9 syntactical p>s+1 & has correct$ orally1 accord+ to ! =mulas giv51 all ! examples ( false syntax design$ = oral ex]cises1 or s _m ( !m z may be deem$ suffici5t2 he %\ld write out ! foll[+ ex]cises1 correct+ !m accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( syntax giv5 9 ! rules1 notes1 & obs]vations1 conta9$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s2 b omitt+ or v>y+ ! ref]5ces1 because 8 corrections _c be ascrib$ to ! books :i* conta9 ^! errors4 ,,ex]cise ,i4--,,articles4 ,!y are in/itutions n m]ely ( an useless1 b ( an hurtful nature4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cdd4 ,qu9tilian pref]s ! full1 ! copi\s1 & ! amplify+ /yle4--,ib41 p4 #bdg4 ,! prop] application ( rules respect+ /yle1 w always be be/ le>n$ by ! means ( ! illu/ration :i* examples af=d4--,ib41 p4 #bbd4 ,he 0 ev5 tempt$ to wi% t he _h su* an "o4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,e limb ( ! human body has an agreeable & disagreeable motion4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit4 i1 #bag4 ,to produce an uni=mity ( op9ion 9 all m54--,ib41 ii4 #cfe4 ,a writ] t is really an hum\ri/ 9 "*1 does ?is )\t design4--,ib41 i4 #cjc4 ,addison 0 n an hum\ri/ 9 "*4--,ib41 i4 #cjc4 ,x m]its n inde$ ! title ( an univ]sal language4--,ib41 i4 #cec4 ,x is unpleasant to f9d ev5 a negative & affirmative proposition connect$4--,ib41 ii4 #be4 ,! s5se is left d\btful by wrong arrangem5t ( memb]s4--,ib41 ii4 #dd4 ,z1 = example1 betwe5 ! adjective & foll[+ sub/antive4--,ib41 ii4 #ajd4 ,witness ! foll[+ hyp]bole1 too bold ev5 = an ,hotspur4--,ib41 #aic4 ,x is dispos$ to c>ry along ! good & bad prop]ties ( "o to ano!r4--,ib41 ii4 #aig4 ,:at a k9d ( a man su* an "o is likely to prove1 is easy to =esee4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #dg4 ,9 propriety !re _c be su* a ?+ z an univ]sal gramm>1 unless !re 7 su* a ?+ z an univ]sal language4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #dg4 ,! v same process by :i* he gets at ! mean+ ( any anci5t au?or1 c>ries him to a fair & a fai?ful r5d]+ ( ! scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t4--,*alm]s1 ,s]mons1 p4 #af4 ,b /ill a pr$om9ancy ( "o or o!r quality 9 ! m9i/] is (t5 visible4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ai4 ,among ! anci5t critics1 ,long9us possess$ mo/ delicacy2 ,ari/otle1 mo/ correctness4--,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,he !n proce$$ to describe an hexamet] & p5tamet] v]se4--,w>d's ,preface to ,lily1 p4 vi4 ,& ,alfr$1 :o 0 no less able a negotiator ?an c\rage\s a w>rior1 0 unanim\sly *os5 ,k+4--,p9nock's ,geog41 p4 #bga4 ,an useless incid5t weak5s ! int]e/ :i* we take 9 ! action4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfj4 ,?is w lead into "s detail2 b ,i hope an useful "o4--,ib41 p4 #bcd4 ,:5 !y und]/& h[ to write ,engli% ) due ,connexion1 ,propriety1 & ,ord]1 & are pretty well ,ma/]s ( a tol]able ,n>rative ,/ile1 !y may be advanc$ to writ+ ( ,lett]s4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #ccg4 ,! ,s5ate is divid$ into ! ,select & ,great ,s5ate4--,hewitt's ,/ud5t-,life 9 ,g]many1 p4 #bh4 ,we see a rema9s ( ?is c]emonial yet 9 ! public solemnities ( ! univ]sities4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,:]e an huge poll>d on ! w9t] fire1 ,at an huge di/ance made !m all retire4--,crabbe1 ,bor\gh1 p4 #bji4 ,,ex]cise ,,ii4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 ,*ildr5s ,m9ds are n>r[1 & weak1 & usually susceptible b ( "o ,?\ght at once4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #big4 ,r = ,example sake1 ?an t !r is any ,great ,matt] 9 x4--,"r ( ,ty!s1 p4 xvii4 ,! m t any mans wor? is1 ! great] envy %all he be liable to4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #dfa4 ,he :o works only = ! common welf>e is ! mo/ noble1 & no "o1 b him1 des]ves ! "n4-- ,spurzheim1 on ,ed41 p4 #ahb4 ,he !n got into ! c>riage1 to sit ) ! man1 :om he _h be5 told 0 ,morgan4--,/one1 on ,masonry1 p4 #dhj4 ,b1 = su* footm5 z !e & ,i are1 let u nev] desire to meet ) an enemy4--,bunyan's ,p4 ,p41 p4 #aec4 ,"o ( !m f9ds out t %e is ,tibulluses ,nemesis4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ddf4 ,he may be employ$ 9 read+ su* easy books z ,cord]ius1 & "s ( ,erasmus' ,colloques1 ) an ,engli% translation4--,burgh's ,dignity1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aej4 ,= my preface 0 to %[ ! me?od ( ! prie/s ( ,ab]de5's proc$ure aga9/ ! ,quak]s4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bce4 ,!y signify no m aga9/ u1 ?an ,co*lu' lies aga9/ ,lu!r4--,ib41 i1 #bcf4 ,to ju/ify ,moses 8 do+ obeisance to 8 fa!r 9 law4--,ib41 i1 #bda4 ,:i* sort ( clauses are g5]ally includ$ betwe5 two comma's4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cjf4 ,betwe5 y & ,i1 %e is b a cutl]'s wife4--,goldsmi?'s ,essays1 p4 #ahg4 ,9 ,edw>d ! ?ird1 ,k+ ( ,engl&'s "t4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,! nom9ative case is ! ag5t or do]4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,dog is 9 ! nom9ative case1 because x is ! ag5t1 actor1 or do]4--,ib4 ,! actor or do] is consid]$ ! nam+ or lead+ n\n4--,ib4 ,! radical =m ( ! pr9cipal v]b is made use (4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,!y w\ld h ! same "r to be tak5 notice ( by gramm>ians4--,ib41 p4 #cj4 ,i %all n qu>rel ) ! fri5d ( twelve ye>s /&+4-- ,lib]ator1 ix1 #ci4 ,if !re 7 none liv+ b him1 ,john w\ld be aga9/ ,lilburne1 & ,lilburne aga9/ ,john4--,biog4 ,dict41 w4 ,lilburne4 ,:5 a p]sonal pron\n is made use ( to relate to !m4--,cobbett's ,eng4 ,gram41 #agi4 ,! t[n 0 tak5 9 a few h\rs "t4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 p4 #abj4 ,y mu/ n employ su* consid]ations m]ely z ^? ^u :i* ! au?or "h re/s1 tak5 f gratitude's be+ ! law ( my nature4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bif4 ,our au?or's second illu/ration1 is tak5 f praise be+ ! mo/ dis9t]e/$ act ( homage4--,ib41 p4 #cja4 ,! fir/ subdivision conc]n+ praise be+ ! mo/ pleasant "p ( devotion1 is v j & well express$4--,ib4 ,x 0 a cold ?\ght to dwell ^u its disburd5+ ! m9d ( debt4--,ib4 ,! ?\ght :i* runs ?r\gh all ?is passage1 ( man's be+ ! prie/ ( nature1 & ( 8 exi/5ce be+ calculat$ *iefly = ?is end1 t he might (f] up ! praises ( ! mute "p ( ! creation1 is an +5i\s ?\ght & well express$4--,ib41 p4 #big4 ,! mayor ( ,newyork's portrait4--,w>e's ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #i4 ,calm ,temp]ance1 ^: bless+s ^? p>take ,:o hung]1 & :o ?ir/1 = scribbl+ sake4 --,pope1 ,dunciad1 i1 #ej4 ,,ex]cise ,,iii4--,,adjectives4 ,plumb d[n he drops t5 ?\s& fa?om deep4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ii1 #a1 #icc4 ,9 8 ,night ,?\ghts1 !re is mu* en]gy ( expression3 9 ! ?ree fir/1 !re are sev]al pa!tic passages4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #djc4 ,le>n to pray1 to pray greatly & /rong4--,! ,dial1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bae4 ,! good & ! bad g5ius are /ruggl+ ) "o ano!r4-- ,philological ,museum1 i1 #dij4 ,! def9itions ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 & application ( syntax1 %\ld be giv5 almo/ simultane\s4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,i _h /udi$ gramm> previ\s to 8 in/ruct+ me4--,ib41 p4 #ac4 ,s difficult x is to sep>ate ^! two ?+s f "o ano!r4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ib4 ,new words %\ld nev] be v5tur$ ^u1 except by su* ^: e/abli%$ reputation gives !m "s degree ( dictatorial p[] ov] language4--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,! v]ses necess>ily succe$ ea* o!r4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,!y saw t x w\ld be practicable to express1 9 writ+1 ! :ole comb9ations ( s\nds :i* our words require4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #fh4 ,!re are "s ,ev5ts1 ! ,tru? ( :i* _c appe> to any1 b su* ^: ,m9ds are fir/ qualify'd by "s c]ta9 ,k4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bdb4 ,^! ,sort ( ,feet are 9 ,lat9 call$ ,iambics4--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,& ! ,words are mo/ly s dispos$1 t ! ,acc5ts may fall on e #b;d1 #d?1 #f?1 #h?1 & #aj? ,syllables4--,ib41 p4 #ace4 ,if ! v]se does n s\nd well & h>moni\s to ! e>4--,ib41 p4 #acf4 ,i gat me m5-s+]s & wom5-s+]s1 & ! delights ( ! sons ( m51 z musical in/rum5ts1 & t ( all sorts4--,ecclesia/es1 ii1 #h4 ,no p h s /udi\sly avoid$ ! collision ( consonants z ! ,italians4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #ahc4 ,& ^! two subjects mu/ de/roy "o ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,duration & space are two ?+s 9 "s respects ! mo/ l1 & 9 "s respects ! mo/ unlike to "o ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #ajc4 ,no?+ ev] affect$ him s mu*1 z ?is misconduct ( 8 fri5d4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,to see ! be>+ ( ! sev]al p>ts ( spee* on ea* o!r4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,two or m adjectives foll[+ ea* o!r1 ei!r ) or )\t a conjunction1 qualify ! same ^w4--,bullion's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,! two *apt]s :i* n[ rema91 are by f> ! mo/ important ( any4-- ,/ud5t's ,manual1 p4 #bic4 ,t has be5 ! subject ( no less ?an six negotiations4--,pres4 ,jackson's ,message1 #ahcj4 ,8 gravity makes him "w cauti\s4--,/eele1 ,spect41 ,no4 #ecd4 ,gr&eur1 be+ an extreme vivid emotion1 is n readily produc$ 9 p]fection b by reit]at$ impressions4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #bjc4 ,e object appe>s less ?an :5 view$ sep>ately & indep5d5t ( ! s]ies4--,ib41 ii1 #ad4 ,an ,organ is ! be/ ( all o!r musical in/rum5ts4--,dilwor?'s ,engli% ,tongue1 p4 #id4 ,let su* tea* o!rs :o !mselves excel1 ,& c5sure freely :o h writt5 well4--,pope1 on ,crit41 l4 #ae4 ,,ex]cise ,,iv4--,,pron\ns4 ,y _h mu/y victuals1 & he ha? holp to eat x4--,,%ak43 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,victuals4 ,sometime am ,i all w\nd ) add]s1 :o1 ) clov5 tongues1 d hiss me into madness4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #fh4 ,:5 a lett] or syllable is transpos$1 x is call$ ,,meta!sis4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bge4 ,:5 a lett] or syllable is add$ to ! beg9n+ ( a ^w1 x is call$ ,,pro/hesis4--,ib4 ,if a lett] or syllable be tak5 f ! beg9n+ ( a ^w1 x is call$ ,,aph,,resis4--,ib4 ,we c exam9e few1 or r no ,sub/ances1 s f>1 z to assure ourselves t we h a c]ta9 ,k ( mo/ ( its ,prop]ties4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bdd4 ,:o d y d9e )8--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,:o d y speak to8--,%akspe>e4 ,all ! objects ( pray] are calculat$ to excite ! mo/ active & vivid s5tim5ts1 :i* c arise 9 ! he>t ( man4--,adams's ,rhet41 i1 #cbh4 ,x has be5 my endeav\r to furni% y ) ! mo/ useful mat]ials1 :i* contribute to ! purposes ( eloqu5ce4--,ib41 ii1 #bh4 ,all p>aphrases are vici\s3 x is n translat+1 x is comm5t+4--,=mey's ,belles-,lettres1 p4 #afc4 ,did y nev] be> false witness aga9/ ?y neighb\r8--,,sir ,w4 ,,drap]3 ,junius1 p4 #dj4 ,& !y %all eat up ?9e h>ve/ & ?y bread3 !y %all eat up ?y flocks & ?9e h]ds4--,j]41 v1 #ag4 ,he 0 ! spiritual rock :o miracul\sly suppli$ ! wants ( ! ,israelites4-- ,gurney's ,evid5ces1 p4 #ec4 ,to cull f ! mass ( mank9d ^? individuals ^u :i* ! att5tion ought to be mo/ employ$4-- ,rambl]1 ,no4 #d4 ,8 spee* conta9s "o ( ! grosse/ & mo/ infam\s calumnies :i* ev] 0 utt]$4--,m]*ant's ,gram4 ,key1 p4 #aih4 ,,/rombus1 i4 m4 ,a %ell-fi% ( ! sea1 t has a lead] :om !y foll[ z _! k+4 ,pl94--,a9swor?'s ,dict41 #dto4 ,:omsoev] w1 let him come--,,morn+ ,,/>3 ,lib41 xi1 #ac4 ,?y own words h conv9c$ me 7/& a little m out ( ! sun if y please7 t ?\ ha/ n ! lea/ notion ( true hon\r4--,field+4 ,:i!r art go+1 pretty ,annette8 ,y\r little feet y'll surely wet4--,l4 ,m4 ,*ild4 ,metellus1 :o conqu]$ ,mac$on1 0 c>ri$ to ! fun]al pile by 8 f\r sons1 "o ( :i* 0 ! prtor4--,k5nett's ,roman ,ant41 p4 #ccb4 ,t n a soldi] :i* !y did n "k1 %\ld m+le himself among !m4-- ,josephus1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #agj4 ,! ,neut] ,g5d] d5otes objects :i* are nei!r males nor females4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cg4 ,& h5ce x is1 t ! mo/ important precept1 :i* a rhetorical tea*] c inculcate respect+ ?is "p ( disc\rse1 is negative4--,adams's ,rhet41 ii1 #ig4 ,! meane/ & mo/ contemptible p]son :om we behold1 is ! (fspr+ ( heav51 "o ( ! *ildr5 ( ! ,mo/ ,high4-- ,sc\gal1 p4 #ajb4 ,he %all sit next to ,d>ius1 because ( 8 wisdom1 & %all be call$ ,d>ius 8 c\s94--#a ,esdras1 iii1 #g4 ,9 #ageg1 he publi%$ 8 ',fleece2' b he did n long survive x4--,l4 ,murray1 ,seq41 p4 #beb4 ,! sun ^u ! calme/ sea ,appe>s n half s bright z !e4--,prior4 ,,ex]cise ,v4--,,v]bs4 ,! want ( connexion "h1 z well z 9 ! description ( ! prodigies t accompani$ ! dea? ( ,cs>1 are sc>ce p>donable4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ch4 ,! causes ( ! orig9al beauty ( language1 consid]$ z significant1 :i* is a bran* ( ! pres5t subject1 w be expla9$ 9 _! ord]4--,ib41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #f4 ,nei!r ( ^! two ,def9itions d rightly adju/ ! ,g5u9e signification ( ?is ,t5se4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bhj4 ,9 ! e>ne/ hope t !y may prove z b5eficial to o!r tea*]s z !y h to ! au?or4--,john ,fl9t's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,& !n an example is giv5 %[+ ! mann] 9 :i* ! pupil %\ld be requir$ to classify4--,ib41 p4 #c4 ,qu 9 ,engli% words are equival5t to kw4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #beh4 ,qu has ! p[] ( kw1 !re=e quit d\bles ! f9al consonant 9 =m+ its pret]ite4--,ib41 p4 #ajc4 ,! ^w pron\n or sub/antive c be sub/itut$1 %\ld any tea*] pref] to d x--,ib41 p4 #acb4 ,! ?ree angles ( a "r-angl$ triangle 7 equal to two "r angles 9 ! days ( ,moses1 z well z n[4--,,goodell3 ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 xi1 p4 #d4 ,b n[ two paces ( ! vile/ e>? is room en\gh4--,beaut4 ( ,%ak41 p4 #abf4 ,lat9 & ,fr5*1 z ! ,_w n[ goes1 is by e "o ackn[l$g$ to be necess>y4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cea4 ,^! ?+s1 t he w ?us le>n by sight1 & h by roat 9 8 ,memory1 is n all1 ,i confess1 t he is to le>n ^u ! ,globes4--,ib41 p4 #cba4 ,h5ry3 if ,john %all meet me1 ,i w h& him y\r note4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bfa4 ,!y pron\nce ! syllables 9 a diff]5t mann] f :at !y d at o!r times4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cbi4 ,cato rem9d$ him ( _m w>n+s he _h gave him4--,goldsmi?'s ,rome1 i1 #aad4 ,! ,wages is small4 ,! ,compasses is brok54--,fi%]'s ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,prep>e ?y he>t = pray]1 le/ ?\ tempte/ ,god4--,life ( ,lu!r1 p4 #hc4 ,t a soldi] %\ld fly is a %ameful ?+4--,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,:5 !re is two v]bs :i* are toge!r4--,woodwor?'s ,gram41 p4 #bg4 ,int]jections are words us$ to express "s passion ( ! m9d2 & is foll[$ by a note ( admiration6--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,& ! k+ said1 ,if he be alone1 !re is tid+s 9 8 m\?4--#b ,samuel1 xviii1 #be4 ,! op9ions ( ! few mu/ be ov]rul$1 & submit to ! op9ions ( ! _m4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ef4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal difficulties :i* "h occurs1 has be5 already h9t$4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cia4 ,) milky blood ! he>t is ov]fl[n4--,?omson1 ,ca/le ( ,ind4 ,no man d>e solicit = ! votes ( hiz nabors4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #cdd4 ,yet !y _c1 & !y h no "r to ex]cise x4--,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,9 ord] to make x be he>d ov] _! va/ !atres4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dga4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! relative & its clause is plac$ be=e ! antec$5t & its clause4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bjj4 ,"h ?\1 great ,anna6 :om ?ree realms obey1 ,does sometimes c\nsel take--& sometimes tea4 --,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cba4 ,,ex]cise ,,vi4--,,p>ticiples4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! degrad+ or vilify+ an object1 is done successfully by rank+ x ) "o t is really l[4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #ej4 ,! magnify+ or dim9i%+ objects by means ( comp>ison1 proce$s f ! same cause4--,ib41 i1 #bci4 ,gratify+ ! affection w also contribute to my own happ9ess4--,ib41 i1 #ec4 ,! pron\nc+ syllables 9 a high or a l[ tone4--,ib41 ii1 #gg4 ,! cr[d+ into "o p]iod or ?\ght diff]5t figures ( spee*1 is n less faulty ?an cr[d+ metaphors 9 t mann]4--,ib41 ii1 #bcd4 ,to approve is ackn[l$g+ we ought to d a ?+2 & to condemn is own+ we ought n to d x4--,burlamaqui1 on ,law1 p4 #ci4 ,to be provok$ t ,god suff]s m5 to act ?us1 is claim+ to gov]n ! ^w 9 8 /ead4--,seck]4 ,let e subject be well und]/ood be=e pass+ on to ano!r4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,d\bl+ ! t 9 bigott$ is apt to lead to an errone\s acc5tuation ( ! ^w on ! second syllable4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,_! compell+ ! man to s]ve 0 an act ( tyranny4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ed4 ,"o ( ! greate/ mis=tunes ( ! ,fr5* trag$y is1 its be+ always writt5 9 rhyme4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dfi4 ,horace entitles 8 satire ',s]mones1' & seems n to h int5d$ ris+ mu* high] ?an prose put into numb]s4--,ib41 p4 #djb4 ,fe$+ ! hungry1 clo?+ ! nak$1 com=t+ ! afflict$1 yield m pleasure ?an we receive f ^? actions :i* respect only ourselves4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bch4 ,b :5 we attempt to g a /ep beyond ?is1 & inquire :at is ! cause ( regul>ity & v>iety produc+ 9 our m9ds ! s5sation ( beauty1 any reason we c assign is extremely imp]fect4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bi4 ,9 an au?or's writ+ ) propriety1 8 be+ free ( ! two =m] faults seems impli$4--,ib41 p4 #id4 ,to prev5t our be+ c>ri$ away by t torr5t ( false & frivol\s ta/e4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,:5 we are unable to assign ! reasons ( our be+ pleas$4--,ib41 p4 #ae4 ,an adjective w n make good s5se )\t jo9+ x to a n\n4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,:at is said respect+ s5t5ces be+ inv]t$8--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,?\gh he admits ( all ! o!r cases1 made use ( by ! ,lat9s4--,bicknell's ,gram41 p4 viii4 ,?is inde$1 is acc\nt+ b feebly = its use 9 ?is in/ance4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,! k ( :at passes 9 ! m9d is necess>y = ! und]/&+ ! ,pr9ciples ( ,gramm>4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,by ?an's be+ us$ in/ead ( z1 x is n ass]t$ t ! =m] has z mu* fruit z ! latt]4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bjg4 ,?us mu* = ! ,settl+ y\r ,au?ority ov] y\r ,*ildr54--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #eh4 ,,ex]cise ,,vii4--,,adv]bs4 ,!re c sc>ce be a great] ,defect 9 a ,g5tleman1 ?an n to express himself well ei!r 9 ,writ+ or ,speak+4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cce4 ,%e seldom or ev] wore a ?+ twice 9 ! same way4--,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #hd4 ,s c ,i give no reason1 nor ,i w n4--,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #de4 ,nor ,i "k n :]e ,i did lodge la/ night4--,ib41 p4 #bgj4 ,x is to be presum$ !y w\ld become soone/ pr(ici5t 9 ,lat94--,burn's ,gram41 p4 xi4 ,! difficulty ( :i* has n be5 a little increas$ by t v>iety4--,w>d's ,pref4 to ,lily's ,gram41 p4 xi4 ,t full endeav\rs be us$ 9 e mon?ly meet+ to seasonably end all bus9ess or cases t come be=e !m4--,n4 ,e4 ,discipl9e1 p4 #dd4 ,9 m9ds :]e !y _h sc>ce any foot+ be=e4--,spectator1 ,no4 #eff4 ,! negative =m is :5 ! adv]b n is us$4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,! int]rogative =m is :5 a "q is ask$4--,ibid4 ,! f9d+ out ! ,tru? ought to be 8 :ole ,aim4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bci4 ,m5tion ! fir/ in/ance :5 t is us$ 9 pref]5ce to :o1 :om1 or :i*4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,! plot 0 always exce$+ simple4 ,x admitt$ ( few incid5ts4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dgj4 ,_! be/ trag$ies make n a deep en\gh impression on ! he>t4--,ib41 p4 #dgb4 ,! greate/ g5ius on e>?1 n ev5 a ,bacon1 c be a p]fect ma/] ( e bran*4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ac4 ,! v]b ,,ought is only us$ 9 ! indicative & subjunctive moods4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,x is /ill a great] deviation f congruity1 to affect n only v>iety 9 ! words1 b also 9 ! con/ruction4-- ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bh4 ,x has besides be5 f\nd t1 g5]ally1 /ud5ts att5d ^? lectures m c>efully = :i* !y pay4--,dr4 ,lieb]1 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #fe4 ,?is book ,i obta9$ ?r\gh a fri5d1 x be+ n expos$ = sale4--,woolsey1 ib41 p4 #gf4 ,"h !re is no mann] ( resemblance b 9 ! ^w dr[n4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #afc4 ,we h _h (t5 occasion to inculcate1 t ! m9d passe? easily & sweetly along a tra9 ( connect$ objects4--,ib41 ii1 #aig4 ,obs]ve ! p]iods :5 ! mo/ illu/ri\s p]sons fl\ri%$4--,worce/]'s ,hi/41 p4 iv4 ,= e horse is n call$ ,bucephalus1 nor e dog ,turk4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,"o c sc>ce avoid smil+ at ! bl9dness ( a c]ta9 critic4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #beg4 ,provid$ always1 t we run n into ! extreme ( prun+ s v close1 s z to give a h>dness & dryness to /yle4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ib2 ,blair's1 #aaa4 ,agreem5t is :5 "o ^w is l ano!r 9 numb]1 case1 g5d] or p]son4--,fro/'s ,gram41 p4 #dc4 ,gov]nm5t is :5 "o ^w causes ano!r to be 9 "s p>ticul> numb]1 p]son or case4--,ibid4 ,x seems to be no?+ m ?an ! simple =m ( ! adjective1 & to imply n ei!r comp>ison or degree4--,murray's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #dg4 ,,ex]cise ,,viii4--,,conjunctions4 ,! ,indians _h nei!r c[s1 horses1 ox51 or %eep4--,olney's ,introd4 to ,geog41 p4 #df4 ,:o h no o!r object 9 view1 b1 to make a %[ ( _! suppos$ tal5ts4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cdd4 ,no o!r b ^!1 c\ld draw ! att5tion ( m5 9 _! rude unciviliz$ /ate4--,ib41 p4 #cgi4 ,t he %all /ick at no?+1 nor no?+ /ick ) him4--,pope4 ,to enliv5 x into a passion1 no m is requir$ b ! real or ideal pres5ce ( ! object4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #aaj4 ,i see no m to be made ( x b to-re/ ^u ! f9al cause fir/ m5tion$4--,ib41 i1 #age4 ,no quality nor circum/ance contributes m to gr&eur ?an =ce4--,ib41 i1 #bae4 ,x be+ a quotation1 n f a poet nor orator1 b f a grave au?or1 writ+ an in/itute ( law4--,ib41 i1 #bcc4 ,& our sympa?y _c be o!rwise gratifi$ b by giv+ all ! succ\r 9 our p[]4--,ib41 i1 #cfb4 ,& to no v]se1 z f> z ,i "k1 is a great] v>iety ( "t necess>y4--,ib41 ii1 #gi4 ,engli% ,h]oic v]se admits no m b f\r capital pauses4--,ib41 ii1 #aje4 ,! =m] s]ves = no o!r purpose b to make h>mony4--,ib41 #bca4 ,b ! plan 0 n p]haps z new z "s might ?9k x4--,lit]>y ,conv41 p4 #he4 ,! impression receiv$ w\ld probably be nei!r confirm$ or correct$4--,ib41 p4 #ahc4 ,"r is no?+ else b :at reason ackn[l$ges4--,burlamaqui1 on ,law1 p4 #cb4 ,?\gh x %\ld be ( no o!r use b ?is4--,,bp4 ,,wilk9s3 ,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ii1 #bg4 ,"o hope no soon] dies 9 u b ano!r rises up4--,spect41 ,no4 #ece4 ,?is rule implies no?+ else b ! agreem5t ( an adjective ) a sub/antive4--,adams ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #aef2 ,g\ld's1 #abi4 ,!re c be no d\bt b ! plan ( ex]cise po9t$ out at page #acb1 is ! be/ t c be adopt$4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 viii4 ,! ex]tions ( ?is g5tleman h done m ?an any o!r writ] on ! subject4--,,dr4 ,,ab]crombie3 ,rec4 9 ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cjf4 ,no accid5tal nor unacc\ntable ev5t ought to be admitt$4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #bgc4 ,:]ev] !re 0 mu* fire & vivacity 9 ! g5ius ( nations4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #e4 ,i aim at no?+ else b y\r safety4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #ij4 ,!re are pa9s inflict$ ^u man = o!r purposes except w>n+4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci41 p4 #abb4 ,( :om we h no m b a s+le lett] rema9+4--,campbell's ,pref4 to ,mat!w4 ,! publi%] meant no m b t ,w4 ,ames 0 ! au?or4--,sewel's ,hi/ory1 ,preface1 p4 xii4 ,be nee!r ba%ful1 nor discuv] uncommon solicitude4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #djc4 ,!y put ,m9os to dea?1 by deta9+ him s long 9 a ba?1 till he fa9t$4-- ,lempri]e's ,dict4 ,= :o c\ld be s h>d-he>t$ to be sev]e8-- ,c[ley4 ,he mu/ nei!r be a panegyri/ nor a satiri/4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cec4 ,no man unbiass$ by philosophical op9ions1 ?9ks t life1 air1 or motion1 are precisely ! same ?+s4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,lang41 i1 #dbf4 ,:i* ,i _h no soon] drank1 b ,i f\nd a pimple ris+ 9 my =ehead4--,,addison3 ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 ,?is ,i view v important1 & ought to be well und]/ood4--,osborn's ,key1 p4 #e4 ,s t nei!r emphases1 tones1 or cad5ces %\ld be ! same4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #e4 ,y said no m b t y\rselves mu/ be ,! judges ( ! scripture s5se1 n we4--,dryd51 p4 #if4 ,,ex]cise ,,ix4--,,prepositions4 ,to be entirely devoid ( reli% = eloqu5ce1 poetry1 or any ( ! f9e arts1 is ju/ly con/ru$ to be an unpromis+ symptom ( y\?4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ad4 ,well met1 ,george1 = ,i 0 look+ ( y4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #dda4 ,!re is ano!r fact wor?y att5tion4--,*ann+'s ,emancip41 p4 #di4 ,!y did n ga!r ( a ,"l's-day1 9 co/ly temples4--,! ,dial1 ,no4 ii1 p4 #bji4 ,b c]ta9 ideas h1 by conv5tion betwe5 ^? :o speak ! same language1 be5 agre$ to be repres5t$ by c]ta9 articulate s\nds4--,adams's ,rhet41 ii1 #bga4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ! language is previ\sly requisite1 9 all :o aim at writ+ x prop]ly4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ia4 ,he receiv$ 8 rew>d 9 a small place1 :i* he enjoy$ to 8 dea?4--,notes to ! ,dunciad1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #bhc4 ,gaddi1 ! pupil ( ,cimabue1 0 n unwor?y 8 ma/]4--,lit]>y ,hi/ory1 p4 #bfh4 ,x is a new1 & picturesque1 & gl[+ image1 altoge!r wor?y ! tal5ts ( ! great poet :o conceiv$ x4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ajj4 ,if ! "r does exi/1 x is p>am\nt 8 title4--,angell1 on ,tide ,wat]s1 p4 #bcg4 ,! mo/ appropriate adjective %\ld be plac$ ne>e/ ! n\n4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aid4 ,is n ,mr4 ,murray's octavo gramm> m wor?y ! dignifi$ title ( a ',philosophical ,gramm>8'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,if x %all be f\nd unwor?y ! approbation & patronage ( ! lit]>y public4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,:5 ! relative is prec$$ by two words ref]r+ to ! same ?+1 its prop] antec$5t is ! "o next x4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aja4 ,! magi/rates comm&$ !m to dep>t ! city4--,sewel's ,hi/41 p4 #ig4 ,mank9d act (t5] f caprice ?an reason4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bgb4 ,x c nev] view1 cle>ly & di/9ctly1 above "o object at a "t4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #fe4 ,! !ory ( spee*1 or sy/ematic gramm>1 0 nev] regul>ly treat$ z a sci5ce till "u ! ,mac$onian k+s4--,knight1 on ,greek ,alph41 p4 #ajf4 ,i h be5 at ,london a ye>1 & ,i saw ! k+ la/ summ]4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aih4 ,?is is a crucify+ ( ,*ri/1 & a rebell+ ( ,*ri/4--,wald5field4 ,!re is ano!r advantage wor?y our obs]vation4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/41 p4 #bf4 ,c]ta9 conjunctions also require ! subjunctive mood aft] !m1 indep5d5tly on ! s5se4--,grant's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,if ! critical read] w ?9k prop] to admit ( x at all4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aia4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( an epic poet to copy aft] nature4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dbg4 ,good z ! cause is1 x is "o f :i* numb]s h des]t$4-- ,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bbb4 ,9 respect ( ! images x w receive f matt]4--,spectator1 ,no4 #dac4 ,in/ead ( foll[+ on to :i!r morality w\ld conduct x4--,dymond's ,essays1 p4 #he4 ,a v>iety ( que/ions ^u subjects on :i* _! feel+s1 & wi%es1 & int]e/s1 are involv$4--,ib41 p4 #adg4 ,9 ! ,greek1 ,lat91 ,saxon1 & ,g]man tongues1 "s ( ^! situations are t]m$ ,,cases1 & are express$ by additions to ! ,n\n in/ead ( by sep>ate words & phrases4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #cc4 ,e tea*] is b\nd dur+ ?ree times ea* week1 to deliv] a public lecture1 gratis4--,h[itt's ,/ud5t-,life 9 ,g]many1 p4 #ce4 ,b ! pr(essors ( e political z well z religi\s cre$ move among/ ea* o!r 9 manifold circles4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,,ex]cise ,x4--,,promiscu\s4 ,! insep>able ,prepositions mak+ no ,s5se alone1 !y are us$ only 9 ,composition4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,! ,engli% ,s*ol> le>ns little f ! two la/ ,rules4--,ib41 ,pref41 p4 xi4 ,to prev5t ! body be+ /ol5 by ! disciples4--,watson's ,apology1 p4 #abc4 ,to prev5t ! ,jews rejoic+ at 8 dea?4--,wood's ,dict41 p4 #ehd4 ,aft] he _h wrote ! *ronicles ( ! prie/hood ( ,john ,hyrcanus4--,:i/on's ,josephus1 v1 #aie4 ,su* words are sometimes p>s$ z a direct address1 ?an :i*1 no?+ c\ld be f>!r f ! tru?4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,! signs ( ! t5ses 9 ^! modes are z foll[s4--,c4 ,adams's ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,! signs ( ! t5ses 9 ! ,pot5tial mode are z foll[s4--,ibid4 ,&1 if m promiscu\s examples be f\nd necess>y1 !y may be tak5 f ,mr4 ,murray's ,engli% ,ex]cises4-- ,nesbit's ,p>s+1 p4 xvi4 ,"o is a num]al adjective1 ! same z t54--,ib41 p4 #ie4 ,no?+ s mu* di/+ui%es a little m9d z to /op at words4--,,montague3 ,lett]-,writ]1 p4 #abi4 ,b ,i say1 aga91 ,:at signifies words8--,id41 ib4 ,ob$i5ce to p>5ts is a div9e comm&1 giv5 9 bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5ts4--,nesbit's ,p>s+1 p4 #bjg4 ,a ,comp\nd ,subject is a union ( sev]al ,subjects to all :i* belong ! same ,attribute4--,fosdick's ,de ,sacy1 on ,g5]al ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,!re are o!r languages 9 :i* ! ,conjunctive does n prev5t our express+ ! subject ( ! ,conjunctive ,proposition by a ,pron\n4--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,?is di/9ction mu/ necess>ily be express$ by language1 b !re are sev]al diff]5t modes ( do+ x4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,?is action may be consid]$ ) ref]5ce to ! p]son or ?+ ^u :om ! action falls4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! nature ( ?+s to prev5t our co9+ suitable words4--,b>n>d's ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,:at k9d ( a book is ?is8--,ib41 p4 #dc4 ,:5ce all b him _h fl$4--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,p]son is a di/9ction betwe5 individuals1 z speak+1 spok5 to1 or spok5 (4--,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,he rep5t$ 8 hav+ neglect$ 8 /udies at college4--,emmons's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,:at avails ! tak+ s mu* m$ic9e1 :5 y are s c>eless ab\t tak+ cold8--,ib41 p4 #bi4 ,active transitive v]bs are ^? :]e ! action passes f ! ag5t to ! object4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,active intransitive v]bs1 are ^? :]e ! action is :olly conf9$ to ! ag5t or actor4--,ibid4 ,passive v]bs express ! receiv+1 or suff]+1 ! action4--,ib41 p4 #cd4 ,! plup]fect t5se expresses an action or ev5t t pass$ prior or be=e "s o!r p]iod ( "t specifi$ 9 ! s5t5ce4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,!re is no d\bt ( 8 be+ a great /atesman4--,ib41 p4 #fd4 ,h]s*ell is ! f>!re/ f ! sun ( any ( ! planets4--,full]'s ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,!re has n be5 introduc$ into ! =ego+ pages any reasons = ! classifications !re9 adopt$4--,ib41 p4 #hj4 ,!re mu/ be a comma be=e ! v]b1 z well z betwe5 ea* nom9ative case4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,yon1 ) =m] & latt]1 are also adjectives4--,brace's ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,y 04--,ib41 p4 #cb4 ,if y 04--,ib41 p4 #ci4 ,two words :i* end 9 ly succe$+ ea* o!r are inde$ a little (f5sive to ! e>4--,ib41 p4 #he2 ,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,is endless life & happ9ess despis'd8 ,or bo? wi%'d "h1 :]e nei!r c be f\nd8--,"y1 p4 #abd4 ,,ex]cise ,,xi4--,,promiscu\s4 ,because any "o ( !m is plac$ be=e a n\n or pron\n1 z y obs]ve ,i h done 9 e s5t5ce4--,r&'s ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,might accompany is a transitive v]b1 because x expresses an action :i* effects ! object me4--,gilb]t's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,int5d is an intransitive v]b because x expresses an action :i* does n effect any object4--,ib41 p4 #ic4 ,*>les & ,eliza 7 jeal\s ( "o ano!r4--,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,?us "o ano!r include bo? n\ns4--,ibid4 ,:5 ! antec$5t is a *ild1 t is elegantly us$ 9 pref]5ce to :o1 :om1 or :i*4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,he c d no m 9 words1 b make out ! expression ( 8 w4--,bp4 ,wilk9s4 ,! =m ( ! fir/ p]son plural ( ! imp]ative1 love we1 is gr[n obsolete4-- ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,exclud+ ^? v]bs :i* are become obsolete4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,he :o sighs = pleasure1 ! voice ( wisdom c nev] rea*1 nor ! p[] ( virtue t\*4--,wright's ,a!ns1 p4 #fd4 ,! o!r bran* ( wit 9 ! ?\ght1 is t only :i* is tak5 notice ( by ,addison4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cab4 ,:5 any measure ( ! ,*ancellor 0 f\nd fault )4--,pr(essors' ,reasons1 p4 #ad4 ,:e!r 0 =m]ly made use ( to signify int]rogation4-- ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,"u ! article ( ,pron\ns ! foll[+ words mu/ be tak5 notice (4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,9 a ^w1 we are af=d$ mu* pleasure1 to be enabl$ to be/[ our mo/ unqualifi$ approbation on ?is excell5t "w4--,wright's ,gram41 ,rec41 p4 #d4 ,= ,recreation is n be+ ,idle1 z e "o may obs]ve4--,locke1 on ,ed41 p4 #cfe4 ,9 ! easi] valu+ & express+ t sum4--,dilwor?'s ,ari?41 p4 #c4 ,addition is putt+ toge!r ( two or m numb]s4-- ,alex&]'s ,ari?41 p4 #h4 ,! reigns ( "s ( our ,briti% ,que5s may fairly be urg$ 9 pro( ( woman be+ capable ( dis*>g+ ! mo/ ardu\s & complicat$ duties ( gov]nm5t4--,we/'s ,lett]s to ,y4 ,l41 p4 #dc4 ,:at is ! import ( t comm& to love su* an "o z ourselves8--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #bjf4 ,x %\ld seem !n ! gr& "q 01 ,:at is good8--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #big4 ,! rectify+ bad habits dep5ds ^u our consci\sness ( !m4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #cb4 ,to prev5t our be+ misl$ by a m]e "n4-- ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afh4 ,i 0 refus$ an opportunity ( reply+ 9 ! latt] review4--,f[le's ,true ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,b h[ r>e is su* g5]osity & excell5ce z ,h[>d display$6--,m',cullo*'s ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,! n\n is 9 ! ,nom9ative case :5 x is ! "n ( ! p]son or ?+ :i* acts or is spok5 (4--,ib41 p4 #ed4 ,! n\n is 9 ! ,objective case :5 x is ! "n ( ! p]son or ?+ :i* is ! object or end ( an action or movem5t4--,ib41 p4 #ed4 ,to prev5t _! be+ eras$ f y\r memory4--,mack's ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,pleonasm1 is :5 a sup]flu\s ^w is introduc$ abruptly4--,ib41 p4 #fi4 ,man feels 8 weakness1 & to numb]s run1 ,himself to /r5g!n1 or himself to %un4--,crabbe1 ,bor\gh1 p4 #acg4 ,,ex]cise ,,xii4--,,two ,,errors4 ,indep5d5t on ! conjunction1 ! s5se requires ! subjunctive mood4--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,a ,v]b 9 pa/ "t )\t a sign is ,imp]fect t5se4--,c4 ,adams's ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,new modell+ y\r h\sehold & p]sonal ornam5ts is1 ,i grant1 an indisp5sable duty4--,we/'s ,lett]s to ,y4 ,l41 p4 #eh4 ,= gr[n ladies & g5tlem5 le>n+ to dance1 s+1 draw1 or ev5 walk1 is n[ too frequ5t to excite ridicule4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,x is record$ t a physician let 8 horse ble$ on "o ( ! evil days1 & x soon lay dead4--,con/able's ,miscellany1 xxi4 #ii4 ,z to ! apo/rophe1 x 0 seldom us$ to di/+ui% ! g5itive case till ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & !n seems to h be5 introduc$ by mi/ake4--,dr4 ,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,"o ( ! relatives only v>i$ to express ! ?ree cases4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,:at6 does e body take _! morn+ draught ( ?is liquor8--,colli]'s ,cebes4 ,"h1 all ?+s comes r\nd1 & br+ ! same appe>ances a long ) !m4--,colli]'s ,anton9us1 p4 #ajc4 ,mo/ commonly bo? ! relative & v]b are elegantly left out 9 ! second memb]4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 ix4 ,a fair receipt ( wat]1 ( "s ?irty or =ty foot squ>e4--,bacon's ,essays1 p4 #abg4 ,! old "k m indirect ways ( outwit+ o!rs1 ?an ! "y4--,burgh's ,dignity1 i1 #fj4 ,! pron\n s+ul> ( ! ?ird p]son ha? ?ree g5d]s4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,! preposition to is made use ( be=e n\ns ( place1 :5 !y foll[ v]bs & p>ticiples ( motion4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bjc4 ,x is call$1 und]/&+ human nature1 kn[+ ! weak sides ( m51 c4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #bhd4 ,nei!r ( :i* are tak5 notice ( by ?is ,gramm>4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bgi4 ,b c]ta9ly no inv5tion is entitl$ to su* degree ( admiration z t ( language4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ed4 ,! ,indians1 ! ,p]sians1 & ,arabians1 7 all fam\s = _! tales4--,ib41 p4 #cgd4 ,su* a lead+ ^w is ! preposition & ! conjunction4-- ,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,?is1 ( all o!rs1 is ! mo/ enc\rag+ circum/ance 9 ^! times4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #cg4 ,! putt+ any con/ra9t on ! organs ( spee*1 or urg+ !m to a m rapid action ?an !y c easily p]=m 9 _! t5d] /ate1 mu/ be productive ( indi/9ctness 9 utt]ance4--,ib41 p4 #ce4 ,good articulation is ! f\ndation ( a good deliv]y1 9 ! same mann] z ! s\nd+ ! simple notes 9 music1 is ! f\ndation ( good s++4--,ib41 p4 #cc4 ,! (f]+ praise & ?anks to ,god1 implies our hav+ a lively & dev\t s5se ( 8 excell5cies & ( 8 b5efits4--,,att]bury3 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bie4 ,! pause %\ld n be made till ! f\r? or six? syllable4--,blair1 ib41 p4 #ccc4 ,%5/one's pa/oral ballad1 9 f\r p>ts1 may ju/ly be reckon$ "o ( ! mo/ elegant poems ( ?is k9d1 :i* we h 9 ,engli%4--,ib41 p4 #cid4 ,:at ne$ ,*ri/ to h di$1 if heav5 c\ld h conta9$ imp]fect s\ls8--,baxt]4 ,e p]son is n a man ( g5ius1 nor is x necess>y t he %\ld4--,seattle's ,moral ,sci5ce1 i1 #fi4 ,!y 7 al>m$ f a qu>t] :]e !y lea/ expect$4--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ii1 #f4 ,if ?\ m murmur'/1 ,i w r5d an oak1 ,& peg !e 9 8 knotty intrails4--,,%ak43 ,:ite's ,v]b1 p4 #id4 ,,ex]cise ,,xiii4--,,two ,,errors4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 mu* "t & labor are unpr(itably exp5d$1 & a confusion ( ideas introduc$ into ! m9d1 :i*1 by nev] s wise a me?od ( subsequ5t in/ruction1 x is v difficult completely to remove4--,gr5ville's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,s t ! re/or+ a natural mann] ( deliv]y1 w\ld be br++ ab\t an entire revolution1 9 its mo/ ess5tial p>ts4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #agj4 ',?\ :o loves u1 w protect u /ill3' "h :o agrees ) ?\1 & is nom9ative to ! v]b loves4--,alex4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ,! ,active voice signifies action2 ! ,passive1 suff]+1 or be+ ! object ( an action4--,adam's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #hj2 ,g\ld's1 #gg4 ,!y sudd5 set ^u him1 fe>+ no su* ?+4--,walk]'s ,p>ticles1 p4 #beb4 ,t may be us$ z a pron\n1 an adjective1 & a conjunction1 dep5d+ on ! (fice :i* x p]=ms 9 ! s5t5ce4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aaj4 ,?is is ! di/+ui%+ prop]ty ( ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ f all o!r anti*ri/ian assemblies or *ur*es4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #ecc4 ,my lords1 ! c\rse :i* ! legislature =m]ly took ) respect to ! slave-trade1 appe>s to me to be well des]v+ ! att5tion bo? ( ! gov]nm5t & y\r lord%ips4--,,br\gham3 ,antislav]y ,report]1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bah4 ,we speak t we d "k1 & te/ify t we h se54--,john1 iii1 #aa4 ,?is is a consequ5ce ,i d5y1 & rema9s = him to prove4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #cbi4 ,to back ?is1 ,he br+s 9 ! ,au?ority ( ,accursius1 & ,cons5sius ,romanus1 to ! latt] ( :i* he confesses himself behold+ = ?is ,doctr9e4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #cdc4 ,! comp\nd t5ses ( ! second ord]1 or ^? 9 :i* ! p>ticiple pres5t is made use (4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,to lay ! acc5t always on ! same syllable1 & ! same lett] ( ! syllable1 :i* !y d 9 common disc\rse4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #gh4 ,?\gh ! conv]t+ ! w into a v is n s common z ! *ang+ ! v into a w4--,ib41 p4 #df4 ,nor is ?is all2 = by means ( acc5t1 ! times ( pauses also are r5d]$ quick]1 & _! proportions m easily to be adju/$ & obs]v$4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,by m\?+1 is meant1 dwell+ ^u syllables t h no acc5t3 or prolong+ ! s\nds ( ! acc5t$ syllables1 beyond _! due proportion ( "t4--,ib41 p4 #gf4 ,taunt him ) ! lic5se ( ink2 if ?\ ?\'/ him ?rice1 x %all n be amiss4--,,%ak43 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,?\4 ,! eye t mocke? at 8 fa!r1 & despise? to obey 8 "m1 ! rav5s ( ! valley %all pick x out1 & ! "y eagles %all eat x4--,prov41 xxx1 #ag4 ,copy+1 or m]ely imitat+ o!rs1 is ! dea? ( arts & sci5ces4--,spurzheim1 on ,ed41 p4 #agj4 ,he is arriv$ at t degree ( p]fection1 z to surprise all 8 acqua9tance4--,ensell's ,gram41 p4 #bif4 ,nei!r ! ,k+ nor ,que5 are gone4--,bu*anan's ,e4 ,syntax1 p4 #aee4 ,_m is pron\nc$ z if x 7 wrote manny4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 ) ,dict41 p4 #b4 ,& z ! music on ! wat]s float1 ,"s bold] %ore returns ! s(t5'd note4 --,crabbe1 ,bor\gh1 p4 #aah4 ,,ex]cise ,,xiv4--,,?ree ,,errors4 ,x appe>s t ! ,temple 0 !n a build+1 because ^! ,tiles mu/ be suppos$ to be = ! cov]+ x4--,johnson's ,gram4 ,com41 p4 #bha4 ,x 0 common = %]iffs to omit or excuse ! n mak+ returns = sev]al ( ! bor\ghs )9 _! c\nties4--,br[n's ,e/imate1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #acb4 ,! conjunction z :5 x is connect$ ) ! pron\n1 su*1 _m1 or same1 is sometimes call$ a relative pron\n4--,kirkham's ,gram41 ! ,comp5d4 ,mr4 ,addison has also mu* h>mony 9 8 /yle2 m easy & smoo?1 b less v>i$ ?an ,"l ,%aftesbury4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abg2 ,jamieson's1 #abi4 ,a numb] ( uni=m l9es hav+ all ! same pause1 are extremely fatigu+2 :i* is rem>kable 9 ,fr5* v]sification4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ajd4 ,adjectives qualify or di/+ui% "o n\n f ano!r4--,f[le's ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ac4 ,! words "o1 o!r1 & none1 are us$ 9 bo? numb]s4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,a comp\nd ^w is made up ( two or m words1 usually jo9$ by an hyph51 z summ]-h\se1 _s-less1 s*ool-ma/]4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,!re is an inconv5i5ce 9 introduc+ new words by composition :i* ne>ly resembles o!rs 9 use be=e2 z1 diss]ve1 :i* is too mu* l des]ve4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,= ev5 9 t case1 ! trangress+ ! limits 9 ! lea/1 w sc>ce be p>don$4--,%]idan's ,lect41 p4 #aai4 ,:at o!r are ! =ego+ in/ances b describ+ ! passion ano!r feels4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #chh4 ',two & ?ree are five4' ,if ea* sub/antive is to be tak5 sep>ately z a subject1 !n 'two is five1' & '?ree is five4'--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,! article a jo9$ to ! simple pron\n o!r makes x ! comp\nd ano!r4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,! ^w ano!r is compos$ ( ! indef9ite article prefix$ to ! ^w o!r4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #eg2 et al4 ,9 relat+ ?+s t 7 =m]ly express$ by ano!r p]son1 we (t5 meet ) modes ( expression simil> to ! foll[+4--,ib41 p4 #aia4 ,dropp+ "o l prev5ts ! recurr5ce ( ?ree v ne> ea* o!r4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bjb4 ,sometimes two or m g5itive cases succe$ ea* o!r2 z1 ',john's wife's fa!r4'--,dalton's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 two n\ns 9 ! possessive case imm$iately succe$ ea* o!r1 9 ! foll[+ =m3 ',my fri5d's wife's si/]4'--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,,ex]cise ,,xv4--,,_m ,,errors4 ,numb] is ( a two fold nature1--,s+ul> & ,plural3 & compreh5ds1 accord+ly to its application1 ! di/9ction betwe5 !m4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,! =m]1 ,figures ( ,words1 are commonly call$ ,tropes1 & consi/s 9 a ^w's be+ employ$ to signify some?+1 :i* is diff]5t f its orig9al & primitive mean+4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ccg4 ,! =m]1 figures ( words1 are commonly call$ tropes1 & consi/ 9 a ^w's be+ employ$ to signify some?+ t is diff]5t f its orig9al & primitive mean+4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #acb4 ,a p>ticul> numb] ( connect$ syllables are call$ feet1 or measur$ paces4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,_m poems1 & especially songs1 are writt5 9 ! dactyl or anap/ic measure1 "s consi/+ ( elev5 or twelve syllables1 & "s ( less4--,ib41 p4 #aba4 ,a ,diph?ong makes always a long ,syllable1 unless "o ( ! v[els be drop$4-- ,briti% ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,an ,adv]b is g5]ally employ$ z an attributive1 to d5ote "s peculi>ity or mann] ( action1 ) respect to ! "t1 place1 or ord]1 ( ! n\n or circum/ance to :i* x is connect$4-- ,wright's ,def9itions1 ,philos4 ,gram41 pp4 #ce & #aad4 ,a ,v]b expresses ! action1 ! suff]+ or endur+1 or ! exi/5ce or condition ( a n\n4--,ib41 pp4 #ce & #fd4 ,^! ?ree adjectives %\ld be writt5 our's1 y\r's1 _!'s4--,f[le's ,true ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,nev] 0 man s teiz$1 or suff]$ half ! uneas9ess z ,i h done ?is ev5+4-- ,tattl]1 ,no4 #afj2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #bjj2 ,murray's1 i1 #bbc4 ,!re may be reckon$ 9 ,engli% f\r diff]5t cases1 or relations ( a sub/antive1 call$ ! subjective1 ! possessive1 ! objective1 & ! absolute cases4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,to avoid ! too (t5 repeat+ ! ,names ( o!r ,p]sons or ,?+s ( :i* we disc\rse1 ! words he1 %e1 x1 :o1 :at1 7 inv5t$4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,names :i* d5ote a numb] ( ! same ?+s1 are call$ n\ns ( multitude4--,infant ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,b le/ he %\ld ?9k1 ?is 7 too slightly a pass+ ov] 8 matt]1 ,i w propose to him to be consid]$ ^! ?+s foll[+4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #dgb4 ,9 ! pronunciation ( ! lett]s ( ! ,hebrew prop] names1 we f9d ne>ly ! same rules prevail z 9 ^? ( ,greek & ,lat94--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #bbc4 ,! di/ributive pronom9al adjectives ea*1 e1 ei!r1 agree ) ! n\ns1 pron\ns1 & v]bs ( ! s+ul> numb] only4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,hav+ treat$ ( ! diff]5t sorts ( words1 & _! v>i\s modifications1 :i* is ! fir/ "p ( ,etymology1 x is n[ prop] to expla9 ! me?ods by :i* "o ^w is d]iv$ f ano!r4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ,,ex]cise ,,xvi4--,,_m ,,errors4 ,a ,n\n ) its ,adjectives 7or any gov]n+ ,^w ) its ,att5dants7 is "o comp\nd ,^w1 :5ce ! ,n\n & ,adjective s jo9$1 d (t5 admit ano!r ,adjective1 & sometimes a ?ird1 & s on2 z1 a ,man1 an old ,man1 a v good old ,man1 a v le>n$1 judici\s1 sob] ,man4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #aie2 ,bu*anan's1 #gi4 ,a sub/antive ) its adjective is reckon$ z "o comp\nd$ ^w2 :5ce !y (t5 take ano!r adjective1 & sometimes a ?ird1 & s on3 z1 ',an old man2 a good old man2 a v le>n$1 judici\s1 good old man4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #afi2 ,+]soll's1 #aie2 & o!rs4 ,b ?\gh ?is elliptical /yle be intelligible1 & is all[able 9 conv]sation & epi/ol>y writ+1 yet 9 all writ+s ( a s]i\s or dignifi$ k9d1 is ungraceful4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aab4 ,!re is no tal5t s useful t[>ds ris+ 9 ! _w1 or :i* puts m5 m out ( ! rea* ( =tune1 ?an t quality g5]ally possess$ by ! dulle/ sort ( p1 & is1 9 common language1 call$ discretion4--,,swift3 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aac4 ,:i* to all[1 is j z reasonable z to own1 t 'tis ! greate/ ill ( a body to be 9 ! utmo/ mann] maim$ or di/ort$2 b t to lose ! use only ( "o limb1 or to be impair$ 9 "s s+le organ or memb]1 is no ill wor?y ! lea/ notice4-- ,,%aftesbury3 ib41 p4 #aae2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cbb4 ,if ! s+ul> n\ns & pron\ns1 :i* are jo9$ toge!r by a copulative conjunction1 be ( sev]al p]sons1 9 mak+ ! plural pron\n agree ) !m 9 p]son1 ! second p]son takes place ( ! ?ird1 & ! fir/ ( bo?4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aea2 et al4 ',! pa9t] 99 99 99 _c exhibit v>i\s /ages ( ! same action4' ,9 ?is s5t5ce we see t ! pa9t] gov]ns1 or agrees )1 ! v]b c1 z its nom9ative case4--,ib41 p4 #aie4 ,x expresses also facts :i* exi/ g5]ally1 at all times1 g5]al tru?s1 attributes :i* are p]man5t1 habits1 cu/om>y actions1 & ! l1 )\t ! ref]5ce to a specific "t4--,ib41 p4 #gc2 ,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,! diff]5t species ( animals may !re=e be consid]$1 z s _m diff]5t nations speak+ diff]5t languages1 t h no comm]ce ) ea* o!r2 ea* ( :i* consequ5tly und]/&s none b _! own4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #adb4 ,x is also important to und]/& & apply ! pr9ciples ( gramm> 9 our common conv]sation2 n only because x enables u to make our language und]/ood by educat$ p]sons1 b because x furni%es ! readie/ evid5ce ( our hav+ receiv$ a good education ourselves4--,fro/'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,,ex]cise ,,xvii4--,,_m ,,errors4 ,?is faulty ,tum\r 9 ,/ile is l an huge unpleasant ,rock 9 a ,*ampion ,c\ntry1 t's difficult to be transc5d$4--,holmes's ,rhet41 ,book ii1 p4 #af4 ,= !re are no ,pelops's1 nor ,cadmus's1 nor ,danaus's dwell among u4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,none ( ^!1 except w1 is ev] us$ z a pr9cipal v]b1 b z an auxili>y to "s pr9cipal1 ei!r express$ or und]/ood4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,n\ns :i* signify ei!r ! male or female are common g5d]4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,an ,adjective expresses ! k9d1 numb]1 or quality ( a n\n4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,i1 p4 #i4 ,!re are six t5ses2 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 ! ,plup]fect1 ! ,future1 & ! ,future ,p]fect t5ses4--,ib41 p4 #ah4 ,my ref]s to ! fir/ p]son s+ul>1 ei!r g5d]4 ,our ref]s to ! fir/ p]son plural1 ei!r g5d]4 ,?y ref]s to ! second p]son s+ul>1 ei!r g5d]4 ,y\r ref]s to ! second p]son plural1 ei!r g5d]4 ,_! ref]s to ! ?ird p]son plural1 ei!r g5d]4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #ad4 ,good use1 :i* = brevity's sake1 %all h]eaft] include reputable1 national1 & pres5t use1 is n always uni=m 9 h] decisions4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #dd4 ,n\ns :i* d5ote b "o object are consid]$ 9 ! s+ul> numb]4--,edw>d's ,fir/ ,lessons 9 ,gram41 p4 #ce4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! example ( ,jesus %\ld be plead to au?orize accept+ an invitation to d9e on ! sabba?1 x %\ld be plead j z x 04--,b>nes's ,notes3 on ,luke1 xiv1 #a4 ,! tea*] w readily dictate :at "p may be omitt$1 ! fir/ "t go+ ?r\gh x4--,a9swor?'s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,! cont5ts ( ! foll[+ pages h be5 drawn *iefly1 ) v>i\s modifications1 f ! same s\rce :i* has suppli$ mo/ mod]n writ]s on ?is subject1 viz4 ,,l9dley ,,murray',s ,,gramm>4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,! t]m p]son 9 gramm> di/+ui%es betwe5 ! speak]1 ! p]son or ?+ spok5 to1 & ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (4--,ib41 p4 #i4 ,9 my fa!r's g>d5 gr[ ! ,maid5's ,blu% & ! ,pr9ce' ,fea!r4--,felton1 ib41 p4 #ae4 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to connect words ) "o ano!r1 & %[ ! relation betwe5 !m4 ,!y g5]ally /& be=e n\ns & pron\ns4--,ib41 p4 #fj4 ,n\ns or pron\ns address$ are always ei!r 9 ! second p]son1 s+ul> or plural4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,! plural ,,m5 n end+ 9 s1 is ! reason = add+ ! apo/rophie's4--,t4 ,smi?'s ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,p5nies d5ote real co92 p5ce1 _! value 9 computation4-- ,haz5's ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,we comm5ce1 fir/1 ) lett]s1 :i* is t]m$ ,or?ography2 secondly1 ) words1 d5om9at$ ,etymology2 ?irdly1 ) s5t5ces1 /yl$ ,syntax2 f\r?ly1 ) orations & poems1 call$ ,prosody4--,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,c>e mu/ be tak51 t s5t5ces ( prop] con/ruction & obvi\s import be n r5d]$ obscure by ! too free use ( ! ellipsis4--,felton's ,gramm>1 ,/]eotype ,edition1 p4 #hj4 ,,ex]cise ,,xviii4--,,promiscu\s4 ,tropes & metaphors s closely resemble ea* o!r t x is n always easy1 nor is x important to be able to di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r4--,p>k] & ,fox1 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #ff4 ,) reg>d to relatives1 x may be fur!r obs]v$1 t obscurity (t5 arises f ! too frequ5t repetition ( !m1 p>ticul>ly ( ! pron\ns ,,:o1 & ,,!y1 & ,,!m1 & ,,!irs4 ,:5 we f9d ^! p]sonal pron\ns cr[d+ too fa/ ^u u1 we h (t5 no me?od left1 b to ?r[ ! :ole s5t5ce into "s o!r =m4--,ib41 p4 #ij2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #caa2 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajf4 ,d s*ol>s acquire any valuable k1 by le>n+ to repeat long /r+s ( words1 )\t any def9ite ideas1 or sev]al jumbl$ toge!r l rubbi% 9 a corn]1 & app>5tly ) no application1 ei!r = ! improvem5t ( m9d or ( language8-- ,cutl]'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 #e4 ,! be+ (fici\sly good natur$ & civil are ?+s s uncommon 9 ! _w1 t "o _c he> a man make pr(essions ( !m )\t be+ surpris$1 or at lea/1 suspect+ ! dis9t]e/$ness ( 8 int5tions4--,,fables3 ,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,irony is ! int5tional use ( words to express a s5se contr>y to t :i* ! speak] or writ] means to convey4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #fh4 ,! t]m ,sub/antive is d]iv$ f sub/>e1 to /&1 to di/+ui% x f an adjective1 :i* _c1 l ! n\n1 /& alone4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,!y h two numb]s1 l n\ns1 ! s+ul> & plural2 & ?ree p]sons 9 ea* numb]1 namely1 ,i1 ! fir/ p]son1 repres5ts ! speak]4 ,?\1 ! second p]son1 repres5ts ! p]son spok5 to4 ,he1 %e1 x1 ! ?ird p]son1 repres5ts ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,he1 ,%e1 ,x1 is ! ,?ird ,p]son s+ul>2 b he ) o!rs1 %e ) o!rs1 or x ) o!rs1 make ea* ( !m !y1 :i* is ! ,?ird ,p]son plural4--,:ite1 on ! ,engli% ,v]b1 p4 #ig4 ,! words _h ,i be51 t is1 ! ,?ird ,pa/ ,t5se ( ! ,v]b1 m>ks ! ,supposition1 z ref]r+ itself1 n to ! ,pres5t1 b to "s =m] p]iod ( "t4--,ib41 p4 #hh4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n1 to avoid a too frequ5t repetition ( ! same ^w4--,frazee's ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #abb4 ,t :i* he _c use1 & d>e n %[1 ,& w\ld n give--:y long] %\ld he owe8--,crabbe4 ,,"p ,,iv4 ,,prosody4 ,prosody treats ( punctuation1 utt]ance1 figures1 & v]sification4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! ^w prosody1 7f ! ,greek--,greek3 pros1 to1 & ,greek3 d1 song17 is1 ) reg>d to its d]ivation1 exactly equival5t to acc5t1 or ! ,lat9 acc5tus1 :i* is =m$ f ad1 to1 & cantus1 song3 bo? t]ms1 p]haps1 orig9ally signify+ a s++ )1 or s\nd+ to1 "s in/rum5t or voice4 ,,prosodia1 z a ,lat9 ^w1 is def9$ by ,littleton1 ,p>s ,grammatic qu docet acc5tus1 h4 e4 rationem atoll5di et deprem5di syllabas1 tum quantitatem c>undem4 ,& 9 ,engli%1 ,! art ( ,,acc5t+1 or ! rule ( pron\nc+ syllables truly1 ,,long or ,,%ort4--,litt4 ,dict41 #dto4 ,?is is a little v>i$ by ,a9swor? ?us3 ,! rule ( ,,acc5t+1 or pron\nc+ syllables truly1 :e!r ,,long or ,,%ort4--,a9s4 ,dict41 #dto4 ,acc5t1 9 ,engli%1 belongs z mu* to prose z to poetry2 b "s d5y t 9 ,lat9 x belongs to ei!r4 ,!re is also mu* difficulty ab\t ! import ( ! ^w2 s9ce "s prosodi/s id5tify acc5t ) tone2 "s take x = ! inflections ( voice2 "s call x ! pit* ( vocal s\nds2 & "s1 l ! au?ors j cit$1 seem to conf\nd x ) quantity1--,,long or ,,%ort4 #dei ,,obs4 #b4--,prosody1 says a late writ]1 /rictly d5otes only t musical tone or melody :i* accompanies spee*4 ,b ! usage ( mod]n gramm>ians ju/ifies an extremely g5]al application ( ! t]m4--,fro/'s ,practical ,gramm>1 p4 #afj4 ,?is rem>k is a note ^u ! foll[+ def9ition3 ,,prosody is t "p ( gramm> :i* treats ( ! /ructure ( ,poetical ,composition4--,ibid4 ,agreeably to ?is def9ition1 ,fro/'s ,prosody1 ) all ! g5]ality ! au?or claims = x1 embraces only a brief acc\nt ( ,v]sification1 ) a few rem>ks on ,poetical ,lic5se4 ,( ,pronunciation & ! ,figures ( ,spee*1 he takes no notice2 & ,punctuation1 :i* "s place ) ,or?ography1 & o!rs di/+ui% z "o ( ! *ief p>ts ( gramm>1 he exhibits z a portion ( ,syntax4 ,n m compreh5sive is ?is "p ( gramm>1 z exhibit$ 9 ! works ( sev]al o!r au?ors2 b1 by ,l9dley ,murray1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 & "s o!rs1 bo? ,punctuation & ,pronunciation are plac$ "h2 ?\gh no m5tion is made ( ! =m] 9 _! subdivision ( ,prosody1 :i*1 !y n v aptly say1 consi/s ( two p>ts1 ,pronunciation & ,v]sification4 ,dr4 ,bullions1 no less defici5t 9 me?od1 beg9s ) say+1 ,,prosody consi/s ( two p>ts2 ,elocution & ,v]sification2 7,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #afc27 & !n absurdly proce$s to treat ( x "u ! foll[+ six pr9cipal heads3 viz41 ,elocution1 ,v]sification1 ,figures ( ,spee*1 ,poetic ,lic5se1 ,h9ts = ,correct & ,elegant ,writ+1 & ,composition4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,if1 9 reg>d to ! subjects :i* may be treat$ "u ! "n ( ,prosody1 ! usage ( mod]n gramm>ians ju/ifies an extremely g5]al application ( ! t]m1 su* an application is c]ta9ly n less w>rant$ by ! usage ( old au?ors4 ,b1 by ! practice ( nei!r1 c x be easily det]m9$ h[ _m & :at ?+s ought to be embrac$ "u ?is head4 ,( ! diff]5t k9ds ( v]se1 or ! /ructure ( ,poetical ,compo/ion1 "s ( ! old prosodi/s took little or no notice2 because !y ?\ght x _! *ief bus9ess1 to treat ( syllables1 & det]m9e ! or?opy ( words4 ,! ,prosody ( ,smetius1 dat$ #aeji1 7my edition ( :i* 0 publi%$ 9 ,g]many 9 #afia17 is 9 fact a pron\nc+ diction>y ( ! ,lat9 language4 ,aft] a brief ab/ract ( ! old rules ( ,george ,fabricius conc]n+ quantity & acc5t1 x exhibits1 9 alphabetic ord]1 & ) all _! syllables m>k$1 ab\t tw5ty-eight ?\s& words1 ) a poetic l9e quot$ aga9/ ea*1 to prove ! pronunciation j4 ,! ,prosody ( ,john ,g5u5sis1 an o!r imm5se "w1 conclud$ by its au?or 9 #abhf1 improv$ by ,badius 9 #aejf1 & pr9t$ at ,lyons 9 #aead1 is also ma9ly a ,lat9 diction>y1 ) d]ivations & def9itions z 9 o!r diction>ies4 ,x is a folio volume ( sev5 hundr$ & ?irty closely-pr9t$ pages2 six hundr$ ( :i* are devot$ to ! vocabul>y1 ! re/ to or?ography1 acc5t1 etymology1 syntax1 figures1 po9ts--almo/ ev]y?+ b v]sification4 ,yet ?is va/ sum ( gramm> has be5 entitl$ ,prosody--,prosodia seu ,ca?olicon--,ca?olicon seu ,univ]sale ,vocabul>ium ac ,summa ,grammatices4--,see pp4 #a & #e4 ,,*apt] ,i--,,punctuation4 ,punctuation is ! art ( divid+ lit]>y composition1 by po9ts1 or /ops1 = ! purpose ( %[+ m cle>ly ! s5se & relation ( ! words2 & ( not+ ! diff]5t pauses & inflections requir$ 9 read+4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal po9ts1 or m>ks2 namely1 ! ,comma 11 ! ,semicolon 21 ! ,colon 31 ! ,p]iod 41 ! ,da% --1 ! ,eroteme1 or ,note ( ,int]rogation 81 ! ,ecphoneme1 or ,note ( ,exclamation 61 & ! ,curves1 or ,m>ks ( ,p>5!sis1 774 ,! ,comma d5otes ! %orte/ pause2 ! ,semicolon1 a pause d\ble t ( ! comma2 ! ,colon1 a pause d\ble t ( ! semicolon2 & ! ,p]iod1 or ,full ,/op1 a pause d\ble t ( ! colon4 ,! pauses requir$ by ! o!r f\r1 v>y accord+ to ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce1 & _! place 9 x4 ,!y may be equal to any ( ! =ego+4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! pauses t are made 9 ! natural fl[ ( spee*1 h1 9 reality1 no def9ite & inv>iable proportions4 ,*ildr5 are (t5 told to pause at a comma :ile !y might c\nt "o2 at a semicolon1 "o1 two2 at a colon1 "o1 two1 ?ree2 at a p]iod1 "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r4 ,?is may be ( "s use1 z tea*+ !m to obs]ve ! necess>y /ops1 t !y may cat* ! s5se2 b ! /&>d itself is v>iable1 & s are ! times :i* good s5se gives to ! po9ts4 ,z a f9al /op1 ! p]iod is immeasurable2 & s may be ! pause aft] a "q or an exclamation4 ,,obs4 #b4--,! fir/ f\r po9ts take _! names f ! p>ts ( disc\rse1 or ( a s5t5ce1 :i* are di/+ui%$ by !m4 ,! ,p]iod1 or circuit1 is a complete r\nd ( words1 (t5 consi/+ ( sev]al clauses or memb]s1 & always br++ out full s5se at ! close4 ,! ,colon1 or memb]1 is ! greate/ division or limb ( a p]iod1 & is ! *ief con/ructive "p ( a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,! ,semicolon1 half memb]1 or half limb1 is ! greate/ division ( a colon1 & is prop]ly a small] con/ructive "p ( a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,! ,comma1 or segm5t1 is a small "p ( a clause cut (f1 & is prop]ly ! lea/ con/ructive "p ( a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,a simple s5t5ce is sometimes a :ole p]iod1 sometimes a *ief memb]1 sometimes a half memb]1 sometimes a segm5t1 & sometimes p]haps ev5 less4 ,h5ce x may require ! p]iod1 ! colon1 ! semicolon1 ! comma1 or ev5 no po9t1 accord+ to ! mann] 9 :i* x is us$4 ,a s5t5ce ^: relatives & adjuncts are all tak5 9 a re/rictive s5se1 may be consid]ably complex1 & yet require no division by po9ts2 z1 ,?ank him :o puts me loa? to ?is rev5ge ,on y :o wrong me n = him :o wrong'd4--,milton4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! sy/em ( punctuation n[ us$ 9 ,engli%1 is1 9 its ma9 features1 common to v _m languages4 ,x is us$ 9 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 ,portuguese1 ,dut*1 ,g]man1 & p]haps mo/ ( ! tongues 9 :i* books are n[ writt5 or pr9t$4 ,! ,g]mans1 h[ev]1 make less frequ5t use ( ! comma ?an we2 & ! ,spani>ds usually m>k a "q or an exclamation d\bly1 inv]t+ ! po9t at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,9 ,greek1 ! diff]5ce is great]3 ! colon1 express$ by ! upp] dot alone1 is ! only po9t betwe5 ! comma & ! p]iod2 ! ecphoneme1 or note ( exclamation1 is h>dly recogniz$1 ?\gh "s pr9t]s ( ! classics h occasionally introduc$ x2 & ! eroteme1 or note ( int]rogation1 reta9s 9 t language its pri/9e =m1 :i* is t ( our semicolon4 ,9 ,hebrew1 a full /op is d5ot$ by a heavy colon1 or some?+ l x2 & ?is is ! only po9t+ adopt$1 :5 ! v[el po9ts & ! acc5ts are n us$4 ,,obs4 #d4--,?\gh ! po9ts 9 use1 & ! pr9ciples on :i* !y ought to be appli$1 are 9 g5]al well fix$1 & common to almo/ all sorts ( books2 yet1 ?r\gh ! neglig5ce ( editors1 ! imp]fections ( copy1 ! c>elessness ( pr9t]s1 or "s o!r means1 x happ5s1 t diff]5t editions & diff]5t v]sions ( ! same "w are (t5 f\nd po9t$ v v>i\sly4 ,?is circum/ance1 provid$ ! s5se is /ill pres]v$1 is commonly ?\ght to be ( little mom5t4 ,b all writ]s w d well to rememb]1 t !y owe x to _! read]s1 to %[ !m at once h[ !y mean to be read2 & s9ce ! punctuation ( ! e>ly pr9t]s 0 unque/ionably v defective1 ! republi%]s ( anci5t books %\ld n be ov] scrupul\s ab\t an exact imitation ( x2 !y may1 ) prop] caution1 correct obvi\s faults4 ,,obs4 #e4--,! precise orig9 ( ! po9ts1 x is n easy to trace 9 ! dep? ( antiquity4 ,x appe>s probable1 f anci5t manuscripts & inscriptions1 t ! p]iod is ! olde/ ( !m2 & x is said by "s1 t ! fir/ sy/em ( punctuation consi/$ 9 ! diff]5t positions ( ?is dot alone4 ,b aft] ! adoption ( ! small lett]s1 :i* improvem5t is ref]r$ to ! n9? c5tury1 bo? ! comma & ! colon came into use1 & also ! ,greek note ( int]rogation4 ,9 old books1 h[ev]1 ! comma is (t5 f\nd1 n 9 its pres5t =m1 b 9 t ( a /raight /roke1 drawn up & d[n obliquely betwe5 ! words4 ,?\gh ! colon is ( ,greek orig91 ! practice ( writ+ x ) two dots we owe to ! ,lat9 au?ors1 or p]haps to ! e>ly pr9t]s ( ,lat9 books4 ,! semicolon 0 fir/ us$ 9 ,italy1 & 0 n adopt$ 9 ,engl& till ab\t ! ye> #afjj4 ,our m>ks = que/ions & exclamations 7 also d]iv$ f ! same s\rce1 probably at a date some:at e>li]4 ,! curves ( ! p>5!sis h likewise be5 9 use = sev]al c5turies4 ,b ! cla% is a m rec5t inv5tion3 ,l[?1 ,a%1 & ,w>d1--,bu*anan1 ,bicknell1 & ,burn1--?\gh !y "n all ! re/1 make no m5tion ( ?is m>k2 b x appe>s by _! books1 t !y all occasionally us$ x4 ,,obs4 #f--,( ! colon x may be obs]v$1 t x is n[ mu* less frequ5tly us$ ?an x 0 =m]ly2 its place be+ usurp$1 sometimes by ! semicolon1 & sometimes by ! p]iod4 ,= ?is ill reason1 "s late gramm>ians h disc>d$ x altoge!r4 ,?us ,felton3 ,! ,,colon is n[ s seldom us$ by good writ]s1 t rules = its use are unnecess>y4--,concise ,manual ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,s ,nutt+3 ,x w be notic$1 t ! colon is omitt$ 9 ?is sy/em2 because x is omitt$ by ! majority ( ! writ]s ( ! pres5t age2 ?ree po9ts1 ) ! da%1 be+ consid]$ suffici5t to m>k ! diff]5t l5g?s ( ! pauses4--,practical ,gramm>1 p4 #abj4 ,^! critics1 :5ev] !y h occasion to copy su* au?ors z ,milton & ,pope1 d n scruple to mutilate _! punctuation by putt+ semicolons or p]iods = all ! colons !y f9d4 ,b :o _c p]ceive1 t )\t ! colon1 ! semicolon becomes an absurdity8 ,x c no long] be a semicolon1 unless ! half c rema9 :5 ! :ole is tak5 away6 ,! colon1 be+ ! old] po9t ( ! two1 & once v fa%ionable1 is d\btless on record 9 m in/ances ?an ! semicolon2 &1 if n[1 aft] bo? h be5 9 common use = "s hundr$s ( ye>s1 x be f\nd out t only "o is ne$$1 p]haps x w\ld be m reasonable to pref] ! =m]4 ,%\ld public op9ion ev] be f\nd to co9cide ) ! sugge/ions ( ! two au?ors la/ quot$1 !re w be reason to regret t ,caxton1 ! old ,engli% typograph] ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 :o = a :ile successfully )/ood1 9 8 own c\ntry1 ! introduction ( ! semicolon1 _h n ! p[] to prev5t x =ev]4 ,9 %ort1 to leave no lit]>y extravagance unbroa*$1 ! latt] po9t also has n lack$ a mod]n impugn]4 ,"o ( ! greate/ improvem5ts 9 punctuation1 says ,ju/9 ,br5an1 is ! rejection ( ! et]nal semicolons ( our ance/ors4 ,9 latt] times1 ! semicolon has be5 gradually disappe>+1 n only f ! newspap]s1 b f books4--,br5an's ,composition & ,punctuation famili>ly ,expla9$1 p4 #ajj2 ,london1 #ahcj4 ,! colon & ! semicolon are bo? useful1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 necess>y2 & all correct writ]s w1 ,i d\bt n1 cont9ue to use bo?4 ,,obs4 #g--,s9ce ,dr4 ,blair publi%$ 8 emphatic caution aga9/ too frequ5t a use ( p>5!ses1 !re has be51 if n an abatem5t ( ! k9d ( error :i* he int5d$ to c5sure1 at lea/ a dim9ution 9 ! use ( ! curves1 ! sign ( a p>5!sis4 ,^!1 too1 "s inconsid]ate gramm>ians n[ pron\nce to be out ( vogue4 ,! p>5!sis is n[ g5]ally explod$ z a de=mity4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cfb4 ,! ,p>5!sis1 77 has become ne>ly obsolete1 except 9 m]e ref]5ces1 & ! l2 its place1 by mod]n writ]s1 be+ usually suppli$ by ! use ( ! comma1 & ! da%4--,nutt+'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #abf2 ,frazee's ,improv$ ,gramm>1 p4 #ahg4 ,m use may h be5 made ( ! curves ?an 0 necess>y1 & m ( ! p>5!sis itself ?an 0 agreeable to good ta/e2 b1 ! sign be+ well adapt$ to ! con/ruction1 & ! con/ruction be+ sometimes sprightly & elegant1 !re are no good reasons = wi%+ to disc>d ei!r ( !m2 nor is x true1 t ! =m] has become ne>ly obsolete4 ,,obs4 #h--,! "n p>5!sis is1 :i* lit]ally means a putt+-9-betwe51 is usually appli$ bo? to ! curves1 & to ! incid5tal clause :i* !y enclose4 ,?is tw(old application ( ! t]m involves "s inconv5i5ce1 if n impropriety4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson1 ! enclos$ s5t5ce alone is ! p>5!sis2 b ,worce/]1 agreeably to common usage1 def9es ! ^w z mean+ also ! m>k ?us 774 ,b1 z ?is sign consi/s ( two di/9ct p>ts1 two correspond+ curves1 x seems m natural to use a plural "n3 h5ce ,l4 ,murray1 :5 he w\ld designate ! sign only1 adopt$ a plural expression2 z1 ! p>5!tical *>act]s1--! p>5!tical m>ks4 ,s1 9 ano!r case1 :i* is simil>3 ! hooks 9 :i* words are includ$1 are commonly call$ crot*ets or brackets2 ?\gh ,bucke1 9 8 ,classical ,gramm>1 ,i "k n :y1 calls ! two a ,crot*et2 7p4 #bc27 & ,web/]1 9 8 octavo ,diction>y1 def9es a ,bracket1 9 pr9t+1 z ,johnson does a ,crot*et by a plural n\n3 hooks2 ?us1 4 ,aga91 9 8 gramm>s1 ,dr4 ,web/] r confus$ly says3 ,! p>5!sis 77 & hooks include a rem>k or clause1 n ess5tial to ! s5t5ce 9 con/ruction4--,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #bai2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,b1 9 8 ,diction>y1 he =gets bo? ! hooks & ! p>5!sis t are "h spok5 (2 &1 ) /ill worse confusion or inaccuracy1 says3 ,! p>5!sis is usually includ$ 9 hooks or curv$ l9es1 ?us1 774 ,"h he ei!r improp]ly calls ^! regul> little curves hooks1 or errone\sly sugge/s t bo? ! hooks & ! curves are usual & appropriate signs ( ! p>5!sis4 ,9 ,g>n]'s qu>to ,diction>y1 ! ,fr5* ^w ,cro*et1 z us$ by pr9t]s1 is translat$1 ,a brace1 a crot*et1 a p>5!sis2 & ! ,engli% ^w ,crot*et is def9$1 ,! m>k ( a p>5!sis1 9 pr9t+1 ?us 4 ,b ,web/] def9es ,crot*et1 ,9 pr9t+1 a hook includ+ words1 a s5t5ce or a passage di/+ui%$ f ! re/1 ?us 4 ,?is aga9 is bo? ambigu\s & o!rwise inaccurate4 ,x conveys no cle> idea ( :at a crot*et is4 ,"o hook includes no?+4 ,!re=e ,johnson said3 ,hooks 9 :i* words are includ$ ?us4 ,b if ea* ( ! hooks is a crot*et1 z ,web/] sugge/s1 & almo/ e body supposes1 !n bo? lexicograph]s are wrong 9 n mak+ ! :ole expression plural3 ?us1 ,crot*ets1 9 pr9t+1 are angul> hooks usually includ+ "s explanatory words4 ,b is ?is all t ,web/] meant8 ,i _c tell4 ,he may be und]/ood z say+ also1 t a ,crot*et is a s5t5ce or a passage di/+ui%$ f ! re/1 ?us 2 & d\btless x w\ld be mu* bett] to call a h9t ?us m>k$1 a crot*et1 ?an to call x a p>5!sis1 z "s h done4 ,9 ,p>k] & ,fox's ,gramm>1 & also 9 ,p>k]'s ,aids to ,engli% ,composition1 ! t]m ,brackets only is appli$ to ^! angul> hooks2 &1 contr>y to all usage ( o!r au?ors1 s f> z ,i "k1 ! "n ( ,crot*ets is !re giv5 to ! ,curves4 ,& !n1 z if ?is application ( ! ^w 7 g5]al1 & its propriety indisputable1 ! pupil is simply told3 ,! curv$ l9es betwe5 :i* a p>5!sis is enclos$ are call$ ,crot*ets4--,gram41 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #cj2 ,aids1 p4 #dj4 ,call$ ,crot*ets by :om8 ,t n ev5 ,mr4 ,p>k] himself kn[s !m by t "n1 ! foll[+ mo/ inaccurate passage is a pro(3 ,! note ( admiration & int]rogation1 z also ! p>5!sis1 ! bracket1 & ! ref]5ce m>ks1 are not$ 9 ! m>g9 9 ! same mann] z ! apo/rophe4--,aids1 p4 #cad4 ,9 "s late gramm>s1 7= example1 ,haz5's & ,day's17 ! p>5!tic curves are call$ ! ,p>5!ses ,f ?is ! /ud5t mu/ und]/& t x always takes two p>5!ses to make "o p>5!sis6 ,if !n x is objectionable1 to call ! two m>ks a p>5!sis1 x is mu* m s1 to call ea* ( !m by t "n1 or bo? ! p>5!ses4 ,& s9ce ,murray's phrases are bo? entirely too long = common use1 :at bett] "n c be giv5 !m ?an ?is v simple "o1 ! ,curves8 ,,obs4 #i4--,! words eroteme & ecphoneme1 :i*1 l apo/eme & philosopheme1 are ord]ly d]ivatives f ,greek roots#dfj1 ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/ z fitt] names = ! two m>ks to :i* !y are appli$ z above1 ?an are any ( ! long catalogue :i* o!r gramm>ians1 ea* *oos+ = himself h pres5t$4 ,^! m>ks h n unfrequ5tly be5 call$ ! int]rogation & ! exclamation2 :i* names are n v suitable1 because !y h o!r uses 9 gramm>4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,blair1 z well z ,l4 ,murray & o!rs1 int]rogation & exclamation are passionate figures ( rhetoric1 & (t5times also pla9 unfigur$ expressions4 ,! =m] h[ev] are frequ5tly & m fitly call$ by _! ,greek names erotesis & ecphonesis1 t]ms to :i* ^? above h a happy correspond5ce4 ,by ,dr4 ,web/] & "s o!rs1 all int]jections are call$ exclamations2 &1 z ea* ( ^! is usually foll[$ by ! m>k ( emotion1 x _c b be inconv5i5t to call bo? by ! same "n4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,= ?+s s common z ! m>ks ( ask+ & exclaim+1 x is desirable to h simple & appropriate names1 or at lea/ "s settl$ mode ( d5om9ation2 b1 x is rem>kable1 t ,l9dley ,murray1 9 m5tion+ ^! *>act]s six times1 uses six diff]5t modes ( expression1 & all ( !m complex3 7#a47 ,notes ( ,int]rogation & ,exclamation4 7#b47 ,! po9t ( ,int]rogation18--,! po9t ( ,exclamation16 7#c47 ,! ,int]rogatory ,po9t4--,! ,exclamatory ,po9t4 7#d47 ,a note ( int]rogation1--,! note ( exclamation4 7#e47 ,! int]rogation & exclamation po9ts4 7#f47 ,! po9ts ( ,int]rogation & ,exclamation4--,murray1 ,fl9t1 ,+]soll1 ,ald51 ,pond4 ,) mu* bett] ta/e1 "s writ]s d5ote !m uni=mly ?us3 7#g47 ,! ,note ( ,int]rogation1--,! ,note ( ,exclamation4--,*ur*ill1 ,hiley4 ,9 addition to ^! names1 all ( :i* are too long1 !re may be cit$ _m o!rs1 ?\gh none t are unobjectionable3 7#h47 ,! ,int]rogative sign1--,! ,exclamatory sign4--,peirce1 ,haz54 7#i47 ,! ,m>k ( ,int]rogation1--,! ,m>k ( ,exclamation4--,w>d1 ,felton1 ,h5drick4 7#aj47 ,! ,int]rogative po9t1--,! ,exclamation po9t4--,t4 ,smi?1 ,alg]4 7#aa47 ,! int]rogation po9t1--,! exclamation po9t4--,web/]1 ,/4 ,qu5t91 ,s4 ,putnam4 7#ab47 ,a ,note ( ,int]rogation1--,a ,note ( ,admiration4--,co>1 ,nutt+4 7#ac47 ,! ,int]rogative po9t1--,! ,note ( ,admiration1 or ( vocation4--,bucke4 7#ad47 ,int]rogation 7871--,admiration 767 or ,exclamation4--,l5nie1 ,bullions4 7#ae47 ,a ,po9t ( ,int]rogation1--,a ,po9t ( ,admiration or ,exclamation4--,bu*anan4 7#af47 ,! ,int]rogation ,po9t 7871--,! ,admiration ,po9t 7674--,p]ley4 7#ag47 ,an int]rogation 7871--,an exclamation 7674--,cutl]4 7#ah47 ,! int]rogator8--,! exclaimor6--,day's ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,! putt+ ( exclaimor = exclaim]1 l ?is au?or's *ang+ ( quot]s to quotors1 z a "n = ! guillemets1 is probably a m]e sample ( ignorance4 7#ai47 ,"q po9t1--,exclamation po9t4--,sanborn1 p4 #bgb4 ,,section ,i4--,,! ,,comma4 ,! ,comma is us$ to sep>ate ^? p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 :i* are s ne>ly connect$ 9 s5se1 z to be only "o degree remov$ f t close connexion :i* admits no po9t4 ,,rule ,i4--,,simple ,,s5t5ces4 ,a simple s5t5ce does n1 9 g5]al1 admit ! comma2 z1 ,! weake/ reason]s are ! mo/ positive4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #bjb4 ,!ology has n hesitat$ to make or support a doctr9e by ! position ( a comma4--,tract on ,tone1 p4 #d4 ,!n pa9 compels ! impati5t s\l to seize ,on promis'd hopes ( in/antane\s ease4--,crabbe4 ,,exception4--,,long ,,simple ,,s5t5ces4 ,:5 ! nom9ative 9 a long simple s5t5ce is accompani$ by insep>able adjuncts1 or :5 sev]al words toge!r are us$ 9 /ead ( a nom9ative1 a comma %\ld be plac$ imm$iately be=e ! v]b2 z1 ,confession ( s9 )\t am5dm5t1 obta9s no p>don4--,dillwyn's ,reflections1 p4 #f4 ,to be totally indiff]5t to praise or c5sure1 is a real defect 9 "*4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bfh4 ,o t ! t5or ( my j compla9t1#dfa ,7 sculpt ) /eel 9 rocks ( adamant6--,s&ys4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,! simple memb]s ( a comp\nd s5t5ce1 :e!r successive or involv$1 elliptical or complete1 are g5]ally divid$ by ! comma2 z1 #a4 ,"h /& we bo?1 & aim we at ! be/4--,%ak4 #b4 ,i1 t did nev] weep1 n[ melt 9 woe4--,id4 #c4 ,tide life1 tide dea?1 ,i come )\t delay4--,id4 #d4 ,i am _! "m1 :o %all b> me f !m8--,id4 #e4 ,h[ wret*$1 7 ,i mortal1 7 my /ate6--,pope4 #f4 ,g2 :ile ?\ may/1 avoid ! dreadful fate4--,id4 #g4 ,grief aids disease1 rememb]'d folly /+s1 ,& 8 la/ sighs reproa* ! fai? ( k+s4--,johnson4 ,,exception ,i4--,,re/rictive ,,relatives4 ,:5 a relative imm$iately foll[s its antec$5t1 & is tak5 9 a re/rictive s5se1 ! comma %\ld n be introduc$ be=e x2 z1 ,= ! ?+s :i* are se51 are temporal2 b ! ?+s :i* are n se51 are et]nal4--#b ,cor41 iv1 #ah4 ,a lett] is a "* t expresses a s\nd )\t any mean+4--,/4 ,qu5t9's ,g5]al ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,,exception ,,ii4--,,%ort ,,t]ms ,,closely ,,connect$4 ,:5 ! simple memb]s are %ort1 & closely connect$ by a conjunction or a conjunctive adv]b1 ! comma is g5]ally omitt$2 z1 ,hone/ pov]ty is bett] ?an weal?y fraud4--,dillwyn's ,ref41 p4 #aa4 ,let him tell me :e!r ! numb] ( ! />s be ev5 or odd4--,,taylor3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,ev54 ,x is impossible t our k ( words %\ld out/rip our k ( ?+s4--,,campbell3 ,murray's ,gram41 p #cei4 ,,exception ,,iii4--,,elliptical ,,memb]s ,,unit$4 ,:5 two simple memb]s are imm$iately unit$1 ?r\gh ellipsis ( ! relative1 ! antec$5t1 or ! conjunction t1 ! comma is n ins]t$2 z1 ,make an exp]im5t on ! fir/ man y meet4--,b]kley's ,alciphron1 p4 #abe4 ,our philosoph]s d inf9itely despise & pity :oev] %all propose or accept any o!r motive to virtue4--,ib41 p4 #abf4 ,x is c]ta9 we imag9e be=e we reflect4--,ib41 p4 #cei4 ,! same good s5se t makes a man excel1 ,/ill makes him d\bt he ne'er has writt5 well4--,"y4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,m ,,?an ,,two ,,words4 ,:5 m ?an two words or t]ms are connect$ 9 ! same con/ruction1 or 9 a jo9t dep5d5ce on "s o!r t]m1 by conjunctions express$ or und]/ood1 ! comma %\ld be ins]t$ aft] e "o ( !m b ! la/2 &1 if !y are nom9atives be=e a v]b1 ! comma %\ld foll[ ! la/ also3#dfb z1 #a4 ,:o1 to ! enraptur'd he>t1 & e>1 & eye1 ,tea* beauty1 virtue1 tru?1 & love1 & melody4--,beattie4 #b4 ,ah6 :at avails 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,all t art1 =tune1 ent]prise1 c br+1 ,if envy1 scorn1 remorse1 or pride1 ! bosom wr+8--,id44 #c4 ,wom5 are s(t1 mild1 pitiful1 & flexible2 ,?\1 /]n1 obdurate1 fl9ty1 r\gh1 remorseless4--,%ak4 #d4 ,%e plans1 provides1 expatiates1 triumphs !re4--,"y4 #e4 ----,s eag]ly ! ,fi5d ,o'er bog1 or /eep1 ?r\gh /rait1 r\gh1 d5se1 or r>e1 ,) head1 h&s1 w+s1 or feet1 pursues 8 way1 ,& swims1 or s9ks1 or wades1 or creeps1 or flies4--,milton4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,only ,,two ,,words4 ,:5 only two words or t]ms are connect$ by a conjunction1 !y %\ld n be sep>at$ by ! comma2 z1 ,x is a /upid & b>b>\s way to ext5d dom9ion by arms2 = true p[] is to be got by arts & indu/ry--,spectator1 ,no4 #b4 ,despair & angui% fl$ ! /ruggl+ s\l4--,goldsmi?4 ,,exception ,i4--,,two ,,words ,,) ,,adjuncts4 ,:5 ! two words connect$ h sev]al adjuncts1 or :5 "o ( !m has an adjunct t relates n to bo?1 ! comma is ins]t$2 z1 ,i %all sp>e no pa9s to make _! in/ruction agreeable1 & _! div]sion useful4--,spectator1 ,no4 #aj4 ,:o is appli$ to p]sons1 or ?+s p]sonifi$4--,bullions4 ,) li/less eyes ! dot>d views ! /ore1 ,he views1 & wond]s t !y please no m4--,johnson4 ,,exception ,,ii4--,,two ,,t]ms ,,contra/$4 ,:5 two connect$ words or phrases are contra/$1 or emphatically di/+ui%$1 ! comma is ins]t$2 z1 ,! va9 are easily oblig$1 & easily disoblig$4--,kames4 ,lib]al1 n lavi%1 is k9d ,nature's h&4--,beattie4 ',tis c]ta9 he c\ld write1 & ciph] too4--,goldsmi?4 ,,exception ,,iii4--,,alt]native ,,( ,,words4 ,:5 !re is m]ely an alt]native ( names1 or an explanatory *ange ( t]ms1 ! comma is usually ins]t$2 z1 ,we saw a l>ge op5+1 or inlet4--,w4 ,all54 ,h we n p[] to lead ab\t a si/]1 a wife1 z well z o!r apo/les8--,cor41 ix1 #e4 ,,exception ,,iv4--,,conjunction ,,und]/ood4 ,:5 ! conjunction is und]/ood1 ! comma is ins]t$2 &1 if two sep>at$ words or t]ms ref] alike to a ?ird t]m1 ! second requires a second comma3 z1 ,reason1 virtue1 answ] "o great aim4--,l4 ,murray1 ,gram41 p4 #bfi4 ,to him ! *ur*1 ! realm1 _! p['rs consign4--,johnson4 ,%e ?\ght ! isle t gave h] bir?4 ,! sweete/1 wilde/ l& on e>?4--,hogg4 ,,rule ,v4--,,words ,,9 ,,pairs4 ,:5 successive words are jo9$ 9 pairs by conjunctions1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ 9 pairs by ! comma2 z1 ,int]e/ & ambition1 hon\r & %ame1 fri5d%ip & enmity1 gratitude & rev5ge1 are ! prime mov]s 9 public transactions4--,w4 ,all54 ,b1 :e!r +5i\s or dull1 le>n$ or ignorant1 cl[ni% or polite1 e innoc5t man1 )\t exception1 has z good a "r to lib]ty z to life4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cac4 ,!n say h[ hope & fe>1 desire & hate1 ,o'erspread ) sn>es ! cr[d$ maze ( fate4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,words ,,put ,,absolute4 ,n\ns or pron\ns put absolute1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 be set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,! pr9ce1 8 fa!r be+ dead1 succe$$4--,?is done1 we p>t$4--,zac*eus1 make ha/e & come d[n4--,8 proctor%ip 9 ,sicily1 :at did x produce8--,cic]o4 ,w+'d ) 8 fe>s1 on foot he /rove to fly1 ,8 /e$s too di/ant1 & ! foe too nigh --,pope1 ,iliad1 xi1 #ddj4 ,,rule ,,vii4--,,words ,,9 ,,apposition4 ,words 9 apposition1 7especially if !y h adjuncts17 are g5]ally set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,he t n[ calls ^u !e1 is ,!odore1 ! h]mit ( ,t5]iffe4--,johnson4 ,,l[?1 ,dr4 ,rob]t1 bi%op ( ,london1 born 9 #agaj1 di$ 9 #aghg4--;,biog4 ,dict4 ,,home1 ,h5ry1 "l ,kames4--,ib4 ,:at next ,i br+ %all please !e1 be assur'd1 ,?y lik5ess1 ?y fit help1 ?y o!r self1 ,?y wi% exactly to ?y he>t's desire4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 viii1 #dej4 ,& he1 _! pr9ce1 %all rank among my pe]s4--,byron4 ,,exception ,i4--,,complex ,,names4 ,:5 sev]al words1 9 _! common ord]1 are us$ z "o comp\nd "n1 ! comma is n ins]t$2 z1 ,dr4 ,samuel ,johnson1--,publius ,gavius ,cosanus4 ,,exception ,,ii4--,,close ,,apposition4 ,:5 a common & a prop] "n are closely unit$1 ! comma is n ins]t$2 z1 ,! brook ,kidron1--,! riv] ,don1--,! empress ,ca?>9e1--,paul ! ,apo/le4 ,,exception ,,iii4--,,pron\n ,,)\t ,,pause4 ,:5 a pron\n is add$ to an o!r ^w m]ely = emphasis & di/9ction1 ! comma is n ins]t$2 z1 ,ye m5 ( ,a!ns1--,i myself1--,?\ flam+ m9i/]1--,y pr9ces4 ,,exception ,,iv4--,,names ,,acquir$4 ,:5 a "n acquir$ by "s action or relation1 is put 9 apposition ) a prec$+ n\n or pron\n1 ! comma is n ins]t$2 z1 ,i made ! gr\nd my b$2--,to make him k+2--,:om !y rev]$ z ,god2--,) mode/y ?y guide4--,pope4 ,,rule ,,viii4--,,adjectives4 ,adjectives1 :5 some?+ dep5ds on !m1 or :5 !y h ! import ( a dep5d5t clause1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 be set (f by ! comma2 z1 #a4 ----------------------------,among ! roots ,( hazel1 p5d5t o'er ! pla9tive /ream1 ,!y frame ! fir/ f\ndation ( _! domes4--,?omson4 #b4 -------------------------,up spr+s ! l>k1 ,%rill-voic'd & l\d1 ! mess5g] ( morn4--,id4 ,,exception4--,,adjectives ,,re/rictive4 ,:5 an adjective imm$iately foll[s its n\n1 & is tak5 9 a re/rictive s5se1 ! comma %\ld n be us$ be=e x2 z1 ----,& on ! coa/ av]se ,f entrance or *]ubic wat*4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ix1 l4 #fh4 ,,rule ,,ix4--,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,:]e a f9ite v]b is und]/ood1 a comma is g5]ally requir$2 z1 ,f law arises security2 f security1 curiosity2 f curiosity1 k4--,murray4 ,else all my prose & v]se 7 mu* ! same2 ,?is1 prose on /ilts2 t1 poetry fall5 lame4--,pope4 ,,exception4--,,v ,,slight ,,pause4 ,z ! semicolon mu/ sep>ate ! clauses :5 ! comma is ins]t$ by ?is rule1 if ! pause = ! omitt$ v]b be v slight1 x may be left unm>k$1 & ! comma be us$ = ! clauses2 z1 ,:5 ! pr(ligate speaks ( piety1 ! mis] ( g5]osity1 ! c[>d ( val\r1 & ! corrupt ( integrity1 !y are only ! m despis$ by ^? :o "k !m4--,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #acb4 ,,rule ,x4--,,inf9itives4 ,! inf9itive mood1 :5 x foll[s a v]b f :i* x mu/ be sep>at$1 or :5 x dep5ds on some?+ remote or und]/ood1 is g5]ally1 ) its adjuncts1 set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,"o ( ! greate/ secrets 9 composition is1 to "k :5 to be simple4--,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #aea4 ,to confess ! tru?1 ,i 0 mu* 9 fault4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bga4 ,! ,gov]nor ( all--has int]pos$1 ,n seldom1 8 av5g+ arm1 to smite ,! injuri\s trampl] ^u nature's law4--,c[p]4 ,,rule ,,xi4--,,p>ticiples4 ,p>ticiples1 :5 some?+ dep5ds on !m1 :5 !y h ! import ( a dep5d5t clause1 or :5 !y relate to some?+ und]/ood1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 he set (f by ! comma2 z1 #a4 ,law is a rule ( civil conduct1 prescrib$ by ! supreme p[] 9 a /ate1 comm&+ :at is "r1 & prohibit+ :at is wrong4--,,black/one3 ,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cdf4 #b4 ,"y ,edw91 light$ by ! ev5+ />1 ,l+]+ & li/'n+ w&]'d d[n ! vale4--,beattie4 #c4 ,unit$1 we /&2 divid$1 we fall4--,motto4 #d4 ,prop]ly speak+1 !re is no su* ?+ z *ance4 ,,exception4--,,p>ticiples ,,re/rictive4 ,:5 a p>ticiple imm$iately foll[s its n\n1 & is tak5 9 a re/rictive s5se1 ! comma %\ld n be us$ be=e x2 z1 ,a man r5[n'd = rep>tee1 ,w seldom scruple to make free ,) fri5d%ip's f9e/ feel+4--,c[p]4 ,,rule ,,xii4--,,adv]bs4 ,adv]bs1 :5 !y break ! connexion ( a simple s5t5ce1 or :5 !y h n a close dep5d5ce on "s p>ticul> ^w 9 ! context1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 be set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 conf\nd ?is g5tl5ess ) ! artificial c\rtesy ( ! _w4--,besides1 ! m9d mu/ be employ$4--,gilp94 ,mo/ unque/ionably1 no fraud 0 equal to all ?is4--,lyttelton4 ,b1 un=tunately = u1 ! tide 0 ebb+ already4 ,:5 buttress & buttress1 alt]nately1 ,seem fram$ ( ebon & ivory4--,scott's ,lay1 p4 #cc4 ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,conjunctions4 ,conjunctions1 :5 !y are sep>at$ f ! pr9cipal clauses t dep5d on !m1 or :5 !y introduce examples1 are g5]ally set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,b1 by a timely call ^u ,religion1 ! =ce ( ,habit 0 elud$4--,johnson4 ,!y "k ! neck t jo9s ! %ore & sea1 ,or1 ah6 h[ *ang'd t fe>less laugh w\ld be4--,crabbe4 ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,prepositions4 ,prepositions & _! objects1 :5 !y break ! connexion ( a simple s5t5ce1 or :5 !y d n closely foll[ ! words on :i* !y dep5d1 are g5]ally set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,fa%ion is1 = ! mo/ "p1 no?+ b ! o/5tation ( ri*es4--,by read+1 we add ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs to our own4 ,9 va9 ! sage1 ) retrospective eye1 ,w\ld f ?' app>5t ,:at conclude ! ,:y4--,pope4 ,,rule ,,xv4--,,int]jections4 ,int]jections t require a pause1 ?\gh m commonly emphatic & foll[$ by ! ecphoneme1 are sometimes set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,=1 lo1 ,i w call all ! families ( ! k+doms ( ! nor?4--,j]emiah1 i1 #ae4 ,o1 'twas ab\t some?+ y w\ld n und]/&4--,columbian ,orator1 p4 #bba4 ,ha1 ha6 y 7 f9ely tak5 91 !n6--,aik94 ,ha1 ha1 ha6 ,a faceti\s g5tleman1 truly6--,id4 ,oh1 :5 %all ,brita91 consci\s ( h] claim1 ,/& emul\s ( ,greek & ,roman fame8--,pope4 ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,words ,,repeat$4 ,a ^w emphatically repeat$1 is g5]ally set (f by ! comma2 z1 ,happy1 happy1 happy pair6--,dryd54 ,ay1 ay1 !re is "s com=t 9 t4--,%ak4 ,ah6 no1 no1 no4--,dryd54 ,! old oak5 bucket1 ! iron-b\nd bucket1 ,! moss-cov]$ bucket1 :i* hung 9 ! well6--,woodwor?4 ,,rule ,,xvii4--,,dep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,a quotation1 obs]vation1 or description1 :5 x is introduc$ 9 close dep5d5ce on a v]b1 7z1 say1 reply1 cry1 or ! l17 is g5]ally sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by ! comma2 z1 ',! book ( nature1' said he1 'is be=e !e4'--,hawkeswor?4 ,i say unto all1 ,wat*4--,m>k4 ',! boy has become a man1' means1 'he has gr[n to be a man4' ',su* conduct becomes a man1' means1 'su* conduct befits him4'--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,:ile man exclaims1 ',see all ?+s = my use6' ',see man = m9e6' replies a pamp]'d goose4--,pope4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,comma4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,simple ,,s5t5ces4 ,%ort1 simple s5t5ces %\ld n be sep>at$ by a comma4--,felton's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ace2 #c;d ,ed41 ,/]eotyp$1 p4 #acg4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because a ne$less comma is put aft] %ort1 ! s5t5ce be+ simple4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,comma1 ,a simple s5t5ce does n1 9 g5]al1 admit ! comma4 ,!re=e1 ?is comma %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 ,%ort simple s5t5ces %\ld n be sep>at$ by a comma4 ,or1 mu* bett]3 ,a %ort simple s5t5ce %\ld r>ely be divid$ by ! comma4 ,= su* s5t5ces1 comb9$ to =m a p]iod1 %\ld g5]ally be sep>at$2 & ev5 a s+le "o may h "s phrase t mu/ be set (f4 ,a regul> & virtu\s education1 is an ine/imable bless+4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #agd4 ,su* equivocal expressions1 m>k an int5tion to deceive4--,ib41 p4 #bef4 ,!y are1 ,?is & t1 ) _! plurals ^! & ^?4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bf2 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #c4 ,a nom9ative case & a v]b1 sometimes make a complete s5t5ce2 z1 ,he sleeps4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,t5se1 expresses ! action connect$ ) c]ta9 relations ( "t2 mood1 repres5ts x z f>!r modifi$ by circum/ances ( cont+5cy1 conditionally1 c4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,! ^w ,n\n1 means "n4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,! pres5t1 or active p>ticiple1 ,i expla9$ !n4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,are "s v]bs us$1 bo? transitively & intransitively8--,coop]'s ,pt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,blank v]se1 is v]se )\t rhyme4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #bdb4 ,a di/ributive adjective1 d5otes ea* "o ( a numb] consid]$ sep>ately4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,& may at la/ my we>y age1 ,f9d out ! peaceful h]mitage4 --,murray's ,gr41 #abmo1 p4 #bje2 #hvo1 #bee4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exception ,,conc]n+ ,,simple ,,s5t5ces4 ,a n\n )\t an ,article to limit x is tak5 9 its wide/ s5se4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #h2 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #aj4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma is "h set be=e ! v]b is tak54 ,b1 accord+ to ! ,exception to ,rule #a/ = ! ,comma1 ,:5 ! nom9ative 9 a long simple s5t5ce is accompani$ by insep>able adjuncts1 or :5 sev]al words toge!r are us$ 9 /ead ( a nom9ative1 a comma %\ld be plac$ imm$iately be=e ! v]b4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,a n\n )\t an article to limit x1 is tak5 9 its wide/ s5se4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,to ma9ta9 a /eady c\rse amid all ! adv]sities ( life m>ks a great m9d4--,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #hd4 ,to love our ,mak] supremely & our neighbor z ourselves compreh5ds ! :ole moral law4--,ibid4 ,to be afraid to d wrong is true c\rage4--,ib41 p4 #he4 ,a great =tune 9 ! h&s ( a fool is a great mis=tune4--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #hi4 ,t he %\ld make su* a rem>k is inde$ /range4--,f>num1 ,practical ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,to walk 9 ! fields & groves is delightful4--,id41 ib4 ,t he committ$ ! fault is mo/ c]ta94--,id41 ib4 ,names common to all ?+s ( ! same sort or class are call$ ,common n\ns2 z1 man1 woman1 day4--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #ab4 ,t x is our duty to be pi\s admits n ( any d\bt4--,id41 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,to endure mis=tune ) resignation is ! *>act]i/ic ( a great m9d1--,id41 ib41 p4 #ha4 ,! assi/+ ( a fri5d 9 su* circum/ances 0 c]ta9ly a duty4--,id41 ib41 #ha4 ,t a life ( virtue is ! safe/ is c]ta94--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #afi4 ,a collective n\n d5ot+ ! idea ( unity %\ld be repres5t$ by a pron\n ( ! s+ul> numb]4--,ib41 p4 #afg4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,:5 ! sun _h aris5 ! enemy retreat$4--,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma "h sep>ates ! two simple memb]s :i* compose ! s5t5ce4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 ,! simple memb]s ( a comp\nd s5t5ce1 :e!r successive or involv$1 elliptical or complete1 are g5]ally divid$ by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be ins]t$ aft] aris52 ?us1 ,:5 ! sun _h aris51 ! enemy retreat$4 ,if he become ri* he may be less indu/ri\s4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,! m ,i /udy gramm> ! bett] ,i l x4--,id41 ib41 p4 #abg4 ,!re is mu* tru? 9 ! old adage t fire is a bett] s]vant ?an ma/]4--,id41 ib41 p4 #abh4 ,! v]b d1 :5 us$ z an auxili>y gives =ce or emphasis to ! expression4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,:atsoev] x is incumb5t ^u a man to d x is surely exp$i5t to d well4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhetoric1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #df4 ,! s\l :i* our philosophy divides into v>i\s capacities1 is /ill "o ess5ce4--,*ann+1 on ,self-,culture1 p4 #ae4 ,put ! foll[+ words 9 ! plural & give ! rule = =m+ x4--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #ai4 ,we w d x if y wi%4--,id41 ib41 p4 #bi4 ,he :o does well w be rew>d$4--,id41 ib41 #bi4 ,t :i* is always true is express$ 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,id41 ib41 p4 #aai4 ,an obs]vation :i* is always true mu/ be express$ 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,id41 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,t "p ( or?ography :i* treats ( comb9+ lett]s to =m syllables & words is call$ ,,spell+4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,a n\n c nev] be ( ! fir/ p]son except x is 9 apposition ) a pron\n ( t p]son4--,ib41 p4 #ad4 ,:5 two or m s+ul> n\ns or pron\ns ref] to ! same object !y require a s+ul> v]b & pron\n4--,ib41 p4 #hj4 ,james has gone b he w return 9 a few days4--,ib41 #hi4 ,a pron\n %\ld h ! same p]son1 numb]1 & g5d] z ! n\n = :i* x /&s4--,ib41 #hi & #hj4 ,?\gh he is out ( dang] he is /ill afraid4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,%e is 8 inf]ior 9 s5se b 8 equal 9 prud5ce4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,! man :o has no s5se ( religion is little to be tru/$4--,ib41 #ha4 ,he :o does ! mo/ good has ! mo/ pleasure4--,ib41 #ha4 ,!y 7 n 9 ! mo/ prosp]\s circum/ances :5 we la/ saw !m4--,ib41 #ha4 ,if ! day cont9ue pleasant ,i %all return4--,felton's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #bb2 ,/]4 ,ed41 #bd4 ,! days t are pa/ are gone = ev]4--,ib41 pp4 #hi & #ib4 ,z _m z are fri5dly to ! cause w su/a9 x4--,ib41 #hi & #ib4 ,su* z desire aid w receive x4--,ib41 #hi & #ib4 ,:o gave y t book :i* y prize s mu*8--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #cb4 ,he :o made x n[ pres]ves & gov]ns x4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,%all he alone1 :om rational we call1 ,be pleas$ ) no?+ if n bless$ ) all8 --,felton's ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exceptions ,,conc]n+ ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,newca/le is ! t[n1 9 :i* ,ak5side 0 born4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because a ne$less comma "h sep>ates ! re/rictive relative :i* f its antec$5t t[n4 ,b1 accord+ to ,exception #a/ to ,rule #b;d1 ,:5 a relative imm$iately foll[s its antec$5t1 & is tak5 9 a re/rictive s5se1 ! comma %\ld n be introduc$ be=e x4 ,!re=e1 ?is comma ,%\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 ,newca/le is ! t[n 9 :i* ,ak5side 0 born4 ,! remorse1 :i* issues 9 re=mation1 is true rep5tance4--,campbell's ,philos4 ( ,rhet41 p4 #bee4 ,m51 :o are intemp]ate1 are de/ructive memb]s ( community4--,alex&]'s ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,an active-transitive v]b expresses an action1 :i* ext5ds to an object4--,felton's ,gram41 pp4 #af & #bb4 ,!y1 to :om mu* is giv51 w h mu* to answ] =4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahh4 ,! prospect1 :i* we h1 is *>m+4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,he is ! p]son1 :o in=m$ me ( ! matt]4--,ib41 p4 #acd2 ,coop]'s ,murray1 #abj4 ,^! are ! trees1 t produce no fruit4--,ib41 #acd2 & #abj4 ,?is is ! book1 :i* treats ( ! subject4--,ib41 #acd2 & #abj4 ,! proposal 0 su*1 z pleas$ me4--,coop]1 ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,^?1 t s[ 9 te>s1 %all reap 9 joy4--,id41 ib41 pp4 #aah & #abd2 & ,coop]'s ,murray1 p4 #ada4 ,! p51 ) :i* ,i write1 makes too l>ge a m>k4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,mode/y makes l>ge am5ds = ! pa91 x gives ! p]sons1 :o lab\r "u x1 by ! prejudice1 x af=ds e wor?y p]son 9 _! fav\r4--,ib41 p4 #hj4 ,irony is a figure1 :]eby we pla9ly int5d some?+ v diff]5t f :at our words express4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,cata*resis is a figure1 :]eby an improp] ^w is us$ in/ead ( a prop] "o4--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,! man1 :om y met at ! p>ty1 is a ,fr5*man4--,fro/'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,m ,,?an ,,two ,,words4 ,john1 ,james & ,?omas are "h3 t is1 ,john & ,james1 c4--,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,practical ,gramm>1 p4 #aec4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma is "h us$ aft] ,james1 or aft] ,?omas1 or aga9 aft] ,john1 9 ! latt] clause2 ! ?ree n\ns be+ suppos$ to be 9 ! same con/ruction1 & all ( !m nom9atives to ! v]b are4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d = ! ,comma1 ,:5 m ?an two words or t]ms are connect$ 9 ! same con/ruction1 or 9 a jo9t dep5d5ce on "s o!r t]m1 by conjunctions express$ or und]/ood1 ! comma %\ld be ins]t$ aft] e "o ( !m b ! la/2 &1 if !y are nom9atives be=e a v]b1 ! comma %\ld foll[ ! la/ also4 ,!re=e1 ! comma %\ld be ins]t$ aft] ea*2 ?us1 ,john1 ,james1 & ,?omas1 are "h3 t is1 ,john1 & ,james1 & ,?omas1 are "h4#dfc ,adv]bs modify v]bs adjectives & o!r adv]bs4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,to ,n\ns belong ,p]son1 ,g5d]1 ,numb] & ,case4--,id41 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #ab4 ,:eat1 corn1 rye1 & oats are ext5sively cultivat$4--,id41 ib41 p4 #ac4 ,9 _m1 ! def9itions1 rules & lead+ facts are prolix1 inaccurate & confus$4--,f9*'s ,report on ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,mo/ p consid] x my/]i\s1 difficult & useless4--,ib41 p4 #c4 ,8 fa!r & "m1 & uncle reside at ,rome4--,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,! relative pron\ns are :o1 :i* & t4--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #bi4 ,t is sometimes a demon/rative1 sometimes a relative & sometimes a conjunction4--,id41 ib41 p4 #cc4 ,our reputation1 virtue1 & happ9ess greatly dep5d on ! *oice ( our companions4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,! _s ( true religion is social1 k9d & *e]ful4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,d1 be1 h & w are sometimes pr9cipal v]bs4--,ib41 p4 #bf4 ,john & ,?omas & ,pet] reside at ,ox=d4--,web/]1 ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #adb2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,! mo/ innoc5t pleasures are ! mo/ rational1 ! mo/ delightful & ! mo/ durable4--,id41 ib41 pp4 #bae & #aea4 ,love1 joy1 peace & bless$ness are res]v$ = ! good4--,id41 ib41 #bae & #aea4 ,! husb&1 wife & *ildr51 suff]$ extremely4--,murray's ,gram41 #d? ,am4 ,ed41 #hvo1 p4 #bfi4 ,! husb&1 wife1 & *ildr5 suff] extremely4--,sanborn's ,analytical ,gram41 p4 #bfh4 ,he1 y1 & ,i h our p>ts assign$ u4--,ibid4 ,he moan$1 lam5t$1 tugg$ & tri$1 ,rep5t$1 promis$1 wept & sigh$4--,felton's ,gr41 p4 #ajh4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4--,,( ,,only ,,two ,,words4 ,disappo9tm5ts d]ange1 & ov]come1 vulg> m9ds4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #ae4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! two v]bs "h connect$ by &1 are ne$lessly sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 & f _! object foll[+4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #d?1 ,:5 only two words or t]ms are connect$ by a conjunction1 !y %\ld n be sep>at$ by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 ^! two commas %\ld be omitt$2 ?us1 ,disappo9tm5ts d]ange & ov]come vulg> m9ds4 ,! hive ( a city1 or k+dom1 is 9 ! be/ condition1 :5 !re is ! lea/ noise or buzz 9 x4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aga4 ,:5 a direct address is made1 ! n\n1 or pron\n1 is 9 ! nom9ative case indep5d5t4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,! v]bs love & tea*1 make lov$1 & taught1 9 ! imp]fect & p>ticiple4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,nei!r pov]ty1 nor ri*es 7 injuri\s to him4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,?\1 or ,i am 9 fault4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,a v]b is a ^w t expresses action1 or be+4--,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 pp4 #aa & #fa4 ,! ,objective ,case d5otes ! object ( a v]b1 or a preposition4--,ib41 pp4 #ag & #ai4 ,v]bs ( ! second conjugation may be ei!r transitive1 or intransitive4--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,v]bs ( ! f\r? conjugation may be ei!r transitive1 or intransitive4--,ib41 #da4 ,if a v]b does n =m its pa/ indicative by add+ d1 or ed to ! indicative pres5t1 x is said to be irregul>4--,ib41 #da4 ,! "y lady is /udy+ rhetoric1 & logic4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,he writes1 & speaks ! language v correctly4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 ,man's happ9ess1 or mis]y1 is1 9 a great measure1 put into 8 own h&s4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahc4 ,?is accid5t1 or *>act]i/ic ( n\ns1 is call$ _! ,g5d]4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 #ahdc1 p4 #aie4 ,grant t ! p[]ful /ill ! weak contr\l2 ,be ,man ! ,wit1 & ,tyrant ( ! :ole4 --,,pope3 ,brit4 ,poets1 vi1 #cge4 ,,"u ,,exception ,i4--,,two ,,words ,,) ,,adjuncts4 ,frankl9 is ju/ly consid]$ ! ornam5t ( ! new _w & ! pride ( mod]n philosophy4--,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! words ornam5t & pride1 ea* ( :i* has adjuncts1 are "h connect$ by & )\t a comma be=e x4 ,b1 accord+ to ,exception #a/ to ,rule #d?1 ,:5 ! two words connect$ h sev]al adjuncts1 or :5 "o ( !m has an adjunct t relates n to bo?1 ! comma is ins]t$4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be set be=e &2 ?us1 ,frankl9 is ju/ly consid]$ ! ornam5t ( ! ,new ,_w1 & ! pride ( mod]n philosophy4 ,levity & atta*m5t to worldly pleasures1 de/roy ! s5se ( gratitude to him4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahc4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,ex]cise1 po9t out ! adjectives & ! sub/antives :i* !y qualify4--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #ajj4 ,:5 a n\n or pron\n is us$ to expla9 or give emphasis to a prec$+ n\n or pron\n4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,sup]ior tal5ts & briliancy ( intellect d n always con/itute a great man4--,ib41 p4 #ib4 ,a ^w t makes s5se aft] an article or ! phrase speak (1 is a n\n4--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #ab4 ,all feet us$ 9 poetry1 are r$ucible to eight k9ds2 f\r ( two syllables & f\r ( ?ree4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,he w\ld n d x himself nor let me d x4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aac4dfd ,! old writ]s give examples ( ! subjunctive mode & give o!r modes to expla9 :at is meant by ! words 9 ! subjunctive4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ceb4 ,,"u ,,exception ,,ii4--,,two ,,t]ms ,,contra/$4 ,we (t5 comm5d z well z c5sure imprud5tly4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bad4 ,x is z truly a violation ( ! "r ( prop]ty1 to take little z to take mu*2 to purlo9 a book1 or a p5knife1 z to /eal money2 to /eal fruit z to /eal a horse2 to defraud ! rev5ue z to rob my neighb\r2 to ov]*>ge ! public z to ov]*>ge my bro!r2 to *eat ! po/(fice z to *eat my fri5d4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 #a/ ,edition1 p4 #bed4 ,! classification ( v]bs has be5 & /ill is a vex$ "q4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gramm>1 ,revis$ ,edition1 p4 #bjj4 ,names appli$ only to individuals ( a sort or class & n common to all1 are call$ ,prop] ,n\ns4--,id41 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #ab4 ,a h]o w\ld desire to be lov$ z well z to be rev]5c$4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,dea? or "s worse mis=tune n[ divides !m4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,alex&] repli$1 ',! _w w n p]mit two suns nor two sov]eigns4'--,goldsmi?'s ,greece1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aac4 ,f nature's *a91 :atev] l9k y /rike1 ,t5? or t5 ?\s&?1 breaks ! *a9 alike4 --,felton's ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,,"u ,,exception ,,iii4--,,alt]native ,,( ,,words4 ,metre or ,measure is ! numb] ( poetical feet :i* a v]se conta9s4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,! ,csura or division1 is ! pause :i* takes place 9 a v]se1 & :i* divides x into two p>ts4--,ib41 #abc4 ,x is six feet or "o fa?om deep4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,a ,,brace is us$ 9 poetry at ! end ( a triplet or ?ree l9es :i* rhyme toge!r4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,!re are f\r pr9cipal k9ds ( ,engli% v]se or poetical feet4--,ib41 p4 #adc4 ,! p]iod or full /op d5otes ! end ( a complete s5t5ce4--,sanborn's ,analytical ,gram41 p4 #bga4 ,! s*ol> is to receive z _m jetons or c\nt]s z !re are words 9 ! s5t5ce4--,/4 ,qu5t9's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,t ?+ or ! ?+ :i* purifies1 =tifies also ! he>t4--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,t ?+ or ! ?+ :i* w\ld induce a laxity 9 public or private morals1 or indiff]5ce to guilt & wret*$ness1 %\ld be reg>d$ z ! deadly ,sirocco4--,ib41 #gd4 ,:at is elliptically :at ?+ or t ?+ :i*4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ii4 ,demon/rate means %[ or po9t out precisely4--,ib41 p4 #aci4 ,! man or t man1 :o endures to ! end1 %all be sav$4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,,"u ,,exception ,,iv4--,a ,,second ,,comma4 ,reason1 passion answ] "o great end4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aeb2 ,hiley's1 p4 #aab4 ,reason1 virtue answ] "o great aim4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aid2 ,butl]'s1 #bjd4 ,e good gift1 & e p]fect gift is f above4--,felton's ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,e plant1 & e tree produces o!rs aft] its k9d4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,james1 & n ,john 0 paid = 8 s]vices4--,ib41 #ia4 ,! s+le dagg]1 or obelisk ,dagg] is ! second4--,ib41 p4 #aac4 ,x 0 ,i1 n he t did x4--,/4 ,qu5t9's ,gram41 p4 #aeb4 ,ea* aunt1 7&7 ea* c\s9 ha? h] speculation4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #aci4 ',i %all see y :5 y come1' is equival5t to ',i %all see y !n1 or at t "t :5 y come4'--,butl]'s ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aba4 ,let weal?1 let hon\r wait ! w$d$ dame1 ,augu/ h] de$1 & sacr$ be h] fame4--,pope1 p4 #ccd4 ,,"u ,,rule ,v4--,,( ,,words ,,9 ,,pairs4 ,my hopes & fe>s1 joys & sorr[s c5tre 9 y4--,b4 ,,gre5leaf3 ,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bfh4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma "h sep>ates ! second pair ( nom9atives f ! v]b4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #e?1 ,:5 successive words are jo9$ 9 pairs by conjunctions1 !y %\ld be sep>at$ 9 pairs by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 an o!r comma %\ld be ins]t$ aft] sorr[s2 ?us1 ,my hopes & fe>s1 joys & sorr[s1 c5tre 9 y4 ,?is mood implies possibility1 or lib]ty1 w1 or obligation4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,sub/ance is divid$ into ,body1 & ,_s into ,ext5d$ & ,?9k+4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #bec4 ,^! consonants1 d & t1 l p1 & b1 f1 & v1 k1 & h>d g1 & s1 & z1 are lett]s ( ! same organ4--,walk]s ,dict41 p4 #da3 ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #ceh4 ,nei!r fig nor twi/ pigtail nor cav5di% h pass$ my lips s9ce1 nor ev] %all !y aga94--,bo/on ,cultivator1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #cf4 ,! words ,,:oev]1 or ,,:osoev]1 ,,:i*ev]1 or ,,:i*soev]1 & ,,:atev]1 or ,,:atsoev] are call$ ,,comp\nd ,,relative ,,pron\ns4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,adjectives signify+ pr(it or dispr(it1 lik5ess or unlik5ess gov]n ! dative4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 #ab? ,ed41 #bae4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4--,,( ,,words ,,absolute4 ,?y rod & ?y /aff !y com=t me4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma is "h set aft] /aff1 :i*1 ) ! n\n rod1 is put absolute by pleonasm4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #f?1 ,n\ns or pron\ns put absolute1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 be set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,?y rod & ?y /aff1 !y com=t me4--,psalm xxiii1 #d4 ,dep>t ye wick$4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,he sai? to 8 "m1 ,woman behold ?y son4--,gurney's ,portable ,evid5ces1 p4 #dd4 ,?\ ,god see/ me4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #i2 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #ac4 ,?\1 ,god see/ me4--,id41 ,e4 ,gram41 ,revis$ ,ed41 p4 #aie4 ,john write me a lett]4 ,h5ry g home4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cef4 ,john2 write a lett]4 ,h5ry2 g home4--,ib41 p4 #cag4 ,n[1 ,g4 ,br[n2 let u reason toge!r4--,ib41 p4 #cbf4 ,smi?3 ,y say on page #aa1 ! objective case d5otes ! object4--,ib41 p4 #cdd4 ,g5tlem53 w y always speak z y mean8--,ib41 p4 #ceb4 ,john3 ,i sold my books to ,william = 8 bro!rs4--,ib41 p4 #dg4 ,walt] & ,se?3 ,i w take my ?+s1 & leave y\rs4--,ib41 p4 #fi4 ,h5ry3 ,julia & ,jane left _! umbrella1 & took y\rs4--,ib41 p4 #gc4 ,john2 h>ness ! horses & g to ! m9e = "s coal4 ,william2 run to ! /ore = a few p\nds ( tea4--,ib41 p4 #afj4 ,! k+ be+ dead ! p>liam5t 0 dissolv$4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 p4 #aai4 ,cease fond nature1 cease ?y /rife1 ,& let me langui% into life4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #agc4 ,=be> great man1 9 arms r5[n'd1 =be>4--,ib41 p4 #agd4 ,et]nal sun%9e ( ! spotless m9d1 ,ea* pray] accept$ & ea* wi% resign'd4--,hiley's ,gr41 p4 #abc4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii4--,,words ,,9 ,,apposition4 ,we ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to =m a m p]fect union1 e/abli% ju/ice1 c4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #bjj4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma is "h set aft] ! pron\n ,we1 ) :i* ! ^w p1 :i* has adjuncts1 is 9 apposition4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #g?1 ,words 9 apposition1 7especially if !y h adjuncts17 are g5]ally set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 an o!r comma %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,we1 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c4 ,! ,"l1 ! cov5ant ,god ( 8 p requires x4--,anti-,slav]y ,magaz9e1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #gc4 ,he z a patriot des]ves praise4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,?omson ! wat*mak] & jewell] f ,london1 0 ( ! p>ty4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,e body kn[s t ! p]son "h spok5 ( by ! "n ( ! conqu]or1 is ,william duke ( ,norm&y4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cc4 ,! words myself1 ?yself1 himself1 h]self1 & _! plurals ourselves1 y\rselves1 & !mselves are call$ ,comp\nd ,p]sonal ,pron\ns4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,= :o to dumb =getfulness a prey1 ,?is pleas+ anxi\s be+ e'er resign'd1 ,left ! w>m prec9cts ( ! *e]ful day1 ,nor ca/ "o long+1 l+'r+ look beh9d8--,u4 ,poems1 p4 #fh4 ,,"u ,,exceptions ,,conc]n+ ,,apposition4 ,smi? & ,williams' /ore2 ,ni*olas1 ! emp]or's army4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,he 0 nam$ ,william1 ! conqu]or4--,ib41 p4 #hj4 ,john1 ! ,bapti/1 0 behead$4--,ib41 p4 #hg4 ,alex&]1 ! copp]smi?1 did me great h>m4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,a nom9ative 9 imm$iate apposition2 z1 ',! boy1 ,h5ry1 speaks4'--,sm>t's ,accid5ce1 p4 #bi4 ,a n\n objective c be 9 apposition ) "s o!r2 z1 ',i tea* ! boy1 ,h5ry4'--,ib41 p4 #cj4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii4--,,( ,,adjectives4 ,b he f\nd me1 n s++ at my "w ruddy ) heal? vivid ) *e]fulness2 b pale & deject$1 sitt+ on ! gr\nd1 & *ew+ opium4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! phrases1 ruddy ) heal?1 & vivid ) *e]fulness1 :i* beg9 ) adjectives1 are n "h comma$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #h?1 ,adjectives1 :5 some?+ dep5ds on !m1 or :5 !y h ! import ( a dep5d5t clause1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 be set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 two o!r commas %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,b he f\nd me1 n s++ at my "w1 ruddy ) heal?1 vivid ) *e]fulness2 b pale1 c4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,i look$ up1 & beheld an inclosure beautiful z ! g>d5s ( p>adise1 b ( a small ext5t4--,see ,key4 ,a is an article1 indef9ite & belongs to 'book4'--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #aj4 ,! fir/ expresses ! rapid movem5t ( a troop ( horse ov] ! pla9 eag] = ! combat4--,id41 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bif4 ,he 1 ! ,indian *iefta91 ,k+ ,philip1 0 a patriot1 atta*$ to 8 native soil2 a pr9ce true to 8 subjects & indignant ( _! wrongs2 a soldi] d>+ 9 battle firm 9 adv]sity pati5t ( fatigue1 ( hung]1 ( e v>iety ( bodily suff]+ & ready to p]i% 9 ! cause he _h esp\s$4--,see ,key4 ,= !e1 :o m9dful ( ?' unhon\r'd dead ,do/ 9 ^! l9es _! artless tale relate4 --,union ,poems1 p4 #fh4 ,"s mute +lori\s ,milton "h may re/3 ,"s ,cromwell guiltless ( 8 c\ntry's blood4 --,day's ,gram41 p4 #aag4 ,idle aft] d9n] 9 8 *air ,sat a f>m] ruddy1 fat1 & fair4 --,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abe4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exception ,,conc]n+ ,,adjectives4 ,:5 an attribute becomes a title1 or is emphatically appli$ to a "n1 x foll[s x2 z ,*>les1 ! ,great2 ,h5ry1 ! ,fir/2 ,lewis1 ! ,gross4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #aec2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,fe$ me ) food1 conv5i5t = me4--,coop]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,! words & phrases1 necess>y to exemplify e pr9ciple progressively laid d[n1 w be f\nd /rictly & exclusively adapt$ to ! illu/ration ( ! pr9ciples to :i* !y are ref]r$4--,+]soll's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 x4 ,! ,inf9itive ,mode is t =m ( ! v]b :i* expresses action or be+1 unlimit$ by p]son1 or numb]4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ce4 ,a man1 dilig5t 9 8 bus9ess1 prosp]s4--,fro/'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,o wret*$ /ate6 oh bosom1 black z dea?6 --,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #aah4 ,o1 wret*$ /ate6 ,o1 bosom1 black z dea?6 --,s+]'s ,%ak41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #did4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ix4--,,( ,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,! ,s+ul> d5otes "o2 ! ,plural m ?an "o4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ab2 ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #af2 ,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #g4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma is "h set aft] ,plural1 :]e ! v]b d5otes is und]/ood4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #i?1 ,:]e a f9ite v]b is und]/ood1 a comma is g5]ally requir$4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be ins]t$ at ! place m5tion$2 ?us1 ,! ,s+ul> d5otes "o2 ! ,plural1 m ?an "o4 ,! comma repres5ts ! %orte/ pause2 ! semicolon a pause long] ?an ! comma2 ! colon long] ?an ! semicolon2 & ! p]iod long] ?an ! colon4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,! comma repres5ts ! %orte/ pause2 ! semicolon a pause d\ble t ( ! comma2 ! colon1 d\ble t ( ! semicolon2 & ! p]iod1 d\ble t ( ! colon4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aea2 ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #abg4 ,:o is appli$ only to p]sons2 :i* to animals & ?+s2 :at to ?+s only2 & t to p]sons1 animals1 & ?+s4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,a or an is us$ be=e ! s+ul> numb] only2 ! be=e ei!r s+ul> or plural4--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #aj4 ,hom] 0 ! great] g5ius2 ,virgil ! bett] arti/4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,hom] 0 ! great] g5ius1 ,virgil ! bett] arti/4--,,pope',s ,,preface3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vi1 p4 viii4 ,words are =m$ ( syllables2 syllables ( lett]s4--,/4 ,qu5t9's ,g5]al ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,! ,conjugation ( an active v]b is /yl$ ! ,,active ,,voice2 & t ( a passive v]b ! ,,passive ,,voice4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,! ,,conjugation ( an active v]b is /yl$ ! ,,active ,,voice1 & t ( a passive v]b ! ,,passive ,,voice4--,smi?'s ,new4 ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,! possessive is sometimes call$ ! g5itive case2 & ! objective ! accusative4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #dd4 ,b5evol5ce is alli$ to few vices2 selfi%ness to few] virtues4--,kames1 ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #dj4 ,or?ography treats ( ,lett]s1 ,etymology ( ,words1 ,syntax ( ,s5t5ces1 & ,prosody ( ,v]sification4--,h>t's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,e>? praises conqu]ors = %$d+ blood2 ,heav5 ^? t love _! foes1 & d !m good4--,see ,key4 ,,"u ,,rule ,x4--,,( ,,inf9itives4 ,8 bus9ess is to obs]ve ! agreem5t or disagreem5t ( words4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gramm>1 ,revis$ ,edition1 p4 #ahi4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma "h divides to obs]ve f ! prec$+ v]b4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aj?1 ,! inf9itive mood1 :5 x foll[s a v]b f :i* x mu/ be sep>at$1 or :5 x dep5ds on some?+ remote or und]/ood1 is g5]ally1 ) its adjuncts1 set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be ins]t$ aft] is2 ?us1 ,8 bus9ess is1 to obs]ve ! agreem5t or disagreem5t ( words4 ,x is a m>k ( di/9ction to be made a memb] ( ?is society4-- ,f>num's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #be2 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #bc4 ,to di/+ui% ! conjugations let ! pupil obs]ve ! foll[+ rules4--,day's ,d4 ,s4 ,gram41 p4 #dj4 ,he 0 n[ s5t = to prea* be=e ! ,p>liam5t4-- ,life ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,ow51 p4 #ah4 ,x is incumb5t on ! "y to love & hon\r _! p>5ts4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( e man to prep>e = dea?4--,id41 ib41 #hc4 ,x argu$ ! s9c]e/ c&or to make su* an ackn[l$gem5t4--,id41 ib41 p4 #aae4 ,! prop] way is to complete ! con/ruction ( ! fir/ memb]1 & leave t ( ! second und]/ood4--,ib41 ib41 p4 #abe4 ,,enemy is a "n4 ,x is a t]m ( di/9ction giv5 to a c]ta9 p]son to %[ ! "* 9 :i* he is repres5t$4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,! object ( ?is is to pres]ve ! s(t s\nd ( c & g4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,! design ( gramm> is to facilitate ! read+1 writ+1 & speak+ ( a language4--,b>rett's ,gram41 #aj? ,ed41 ,pref41 p4 iii4 ,f\r k9ds ( type are us$ 9 ! foll[+ pages to indicate ! portions t are consid]$ m or less elem5t>y4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi4--,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,! *ancellor be+ atta*$ to ! k+ secur$ 8 cr[n4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! phrase1 be+ atta*$ to ! k+1 is n comma$4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #aa?1 ,p>ticiples1 :5 some?+ dep5ds on !m1 :5 !y h ! import ( a dep5d5t clause1 or :5 !y relate to some?+ und]/ood1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 be set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 two commas %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,! *ancellor1 be+ atta*$ to ! k+1 secur$ 8 cr[n4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,! (fic] hav+ receiv$ 8 ord]s1 proce$$ to execute !m4-- ,day's ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,?us us$ x is 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 ,revis$ ,ed41 p4 #cc4 ,! ,imp]fect t5se has ?ree di/9ct =ms correspond+ to ^? ( ! pres5t t5se4--,id41 ib41 p4 #dj4 ,e possessive case is gov]n$ by "s n\n d5ot+ ! ?+ possess$4--,id41 ib41 p4 #hg4 ,! ^w t us$ z a conjunction is prec$$ by a comma4--,id41 ib41 p4 #aed4 ,8 n>rative be+ compos$ ^u su* good au?ority1 des]ves cr$it4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,! h5 be+ 9 h] ne/1 0 kill$ & eat5 !re by ! eagle4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo4 p4 #beb4 ,pron\ns be+ us$ in/ead ( n\ns are subject to ! same modifications4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,:5 plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( words !y are consonants4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,man />t+ f 8 c\*1 %all sleep no m4--,ib41 p4 #bbb4 ,8 & h] foll[$ by a n\n are possessive pron\ns3 n foll[$ by a n\n !y are p]sonal pron\ns4--,bullions1 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #cc4 ,he ) v9y cr[n advanc+1 ,fir/ to ! lively pipe 8 h& address$4--,id41 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exception ,,conc]n+ ,,p>ticiples4 ,b :5 !y convey ! idea ( _m1 act+ individually1 or sep>ately1 !y are ( ! plural numb]4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,two or m s+ul> antec$5ts1 connect$ by & require v]bs & pron\ns ( ! plural numb]4--,ib41 pp4 #hj & #ia4 ,words end+ 9 y1 prec$$ by a consonant1 *ange y into i :5 a t]m9ation is add$4--,butl]s ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,a n\n1 us$ )\t an article to limit x1 is g5]ally tak5 9 its wide/ s5se4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,two n\ns1 mean+ ! same p]son or ?+1 frequ5tly come toge!r4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,ea* "o mu/ give an acc\nt to ,god = ! use1 or ! abuse ( ! tal5ts1 committ$ to him4--,coop]s ,pl4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,two v[els1 unit$ 9 "o s\nd1 =m a diph?ong4--,fro/'s ,el4 ( ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,?ree v[els1 unit$ 9 "o s\nd1 =m a triph?ong4--,ib4 ,any ^w1 jo9$ to an adv]b1 is a second>y adv]b4--,b>rett's ,revis$ ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,! p]son1 spok5 to1 is put 9 ! ,second p]son4 ,! p]son1 spok5 (1 9 ! ,?ird p]son4--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,a man1 devot$ to 8 bus9ess1 prosp]s4--,fro/'s ,pr4 ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii4--,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,s 9 indirect que/ions2 z1 ',tell me :5 he w come4'--,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #aba4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! adv]b ,s is n set (f by ! comma4 ,b accord+ to ,rule #ab?1 ,adv]bs1 :5 !y break ! connexion ( a simple s5t5ce1 or :5 !y h n a close dep5d5ce on "s p>ticul> ^w 9 ! context1 %\ld1 ) _! adjuncts1 be set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be ins]t$ aft] ,s2 ?us1 ,s1 9 indirect que/ions2 z1 c4 ,n[ :5 ! v]b tells :at "o p]son or ?+ does to ano!r1 ! v]b is transitive4--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,les41 p #cg4 ,agreeably to y\r reque/ ,i s5d ?is lett]4--,id41 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,!re seems !re=e1 to be no good reason = giv+ !m a diff]5t classification4--,id41 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aii4 ,aga9 ! k+dom ( heav5 is l unto a m]*antman1 seek+ goodly pe>ls4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,matt41 xiii1 #de4 ,aga9 ! k+dom ( heav5 is l unto a net1 t 0 ca/ into ! sea4--,ib1 ib41 v]se #dg4 ,cease h[ev]1 is us$ z a transitive v]b by our be/ writ]s4--,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #aga4 ,"t admits ( ?ree natural divisions1 namely3 ,pres5t1 ,pa/1 & ,future4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( comp>ison1 namely3 regul>1 irregul>1 & adv]bial4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,!re are five ,p]sonal ,pron\ns namely3 ,i1 ?\1 he1 %e1 & x4--,ib41 p4 #bb4 ,n\ns h ?ree cases1 viz4 ! ,nom9ative1 ,possessive1 & ,objective4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #af2 ,p4 ,lessons1 p4 #ai4 ,h5ce 9 /udy+ ,gramm>1 we h to /udy words4--,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,p>ticiples l ,v]bs relate to ,n\ns & ,pron\ns4--,mill]'s ,ready ,gramm>ian1 p4 #bc4 ,! "t ( ! p>ticiple l t ( ! inf9itive is e/imat$ f ! "t ( ! lead+ v]b4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,! dumb %all s+ ! lame 8 crut* =ego1 ,& leap exult+ l ! b\nd+ roe4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,( ,,conjunctions4 ,b he said1 ,nay2 le/ :ile ye ga!r up ! t>es1 ye root up also ! :eat ) !m4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible1 & ,,smi?',s3 ,matt41 xiii1 #bi4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma is ins]t$ aft] le/4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ac?1 ,conjunctions1 :5 !y are sep>at$ f ! pr9cipal clauses t dep5d on !m1 or :5 !y introduce examples1 are g5]ally set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be put aft] ! ^w le/2 ?us1 ,b he said1 ,nay2 le/1 :ile ye ga!r up ! t>es1 ye root up also ! :eat ) !m4--,,scott',s ,,bible1 ,,alg]',s1 ,,bruce',s4 ,_! int5tions 7 good2 b want+ prud5ce1 !y miss$ ! m>k at :i* !y aim$4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bba4 ,! v]b be (t5 sep>ates ! "n f its attribute2 z w> is exp5sive4-- ,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #aec4 ,ei!r & or d5ote an alt]native2 z ',i w take ei!r road at y\r pleasure4'--,ib41 p4 #fc2 ,imp4 ,gram41 #de4 ,ei!r is also a sub/itute = a "n2 z ',ei!r ( ! roads is good4'--,web/]1 bo? ,grams41 #fc & #de4 ,b alas6 ,i fe> ! consequ5ce4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,or if he ask a fi%1 w he = a fi% give him a s]p5t8--,scott's ,bible1 & ,smi?'s4 ,or if he %all ask an egg1 w he (f] him a scorpion8--,smi?s ,bible4 ,! inf9itive sometimes p]=ms ! (fice ( a nom9ative case1 z ',to enjoy is to obey4'--,,pope4--,cutl]'s ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,! plural is commonly =m$ by add+ s to ! s+ul>1 z book1 books4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,z ',i 7 to blame1 if ,i did x4'--,sm>t's ,accid5ce1 p4 #af4 ,or if x be ?y w & pleasure ,direct my pl\gh to f9d a treasure4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,or if x be ?y w & pleasure1 ,direct my pl\gh to f9d a treasure4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #ahe4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,( ,,prepositions4 ,pron\ns agree ) ! n\ns = :i* !y /& 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 pp4 #ada & #adh2 ,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! preposition 9 has n ! comma be=e x1 z ! text requires4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ad?1 ,prepositions & _! objects1 :5 !y break ! connexion ( a simple s5t5ce1 or :5 !y d n closely foll[ ! words on :i* !y dep5d1 are g5]ally set (f by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be "h ins]t$2 ?us1 ,pron\ns agree ) ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son4 ,or ! words may be transpos$1 & ! comma set be=e )2 ?us1 ,pron\ns agree 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son1 ) ! n\ns = :i* !y /&4 ,9 ! fir/ two examples ! antec$5t is p]son1 or some?+ equival5t2 9 ! la/ x is ?+4--,butl]1 ib41 p4 #ec4 ,9 :at "* he 0 admitt$ is unkn[n4--,ib41 p4 #ee4 ,to :at place he 0 go+ is n kn[n4--,ib41 p4 #ee4 ,9 ! prec$+ examples ,john1 ,cs>1 & ,james are ! subjects4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 ,yes is g5]ally us$ to d5ote ass5t 9 ! answ] to a "q4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,t 9 its orig9 is ! passive p>ticiple ( ! ,anglo-,saxon v]b !an1 to take--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,b 9 all ^! s5t5ces z & s are adv]bs4--,ib41 p4 #abg4 ,aft] an int]jection or exclamatory s5t5ce is plac$ ! m>k ( exclamation4--,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,intransitive v]bs f _! nature c h no di/9ction ( voice4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,to ! inflection ( v]bs belong ,voices1 ,moods1 ,t5ses1 ,numb]s1 & ,p]sons4--,id41 ib41 p4 #cc2 ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #da4 ,z & s 9 ! antec$5t memb] ( a comp>ison are prop]ly adv]bs4--,id41 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,ex]cise po9t out ! words 9 apposition4--,id41 ,p4 ,lessons1 p4 #ajc4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,ex]cise po9t out ! n\n or pron\n d5ot+ ! possessor4-- ,id41 ib41 p4 #aje4 ,its is n f\nd 9 ! ,bible except by mispr9t4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,no "o's int]e/ is conc]n$ except m9e4--,ib41 p4 #gj4 ,9 mo/ ( ! mod]n languages !re are f\r concords4--,/4 ,qu5t9's ,g54 ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,9 illu/ration ( ^! rem>ks let u suppose a case4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,on ! "r managem5t ( ! emphasis dep5ds ! life ( pronunciation4-- ,ib41 p4 #agb2 ,murray's1 #hvo1 p4 #bdb4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv4--,,( ,,int]jections4 ,behold he is 9 ! des]t4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,matt41 xxiv1 #bf4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! int]jection ,behold1 :i* has usually a comma aft] x 9 ,scripture1 has "h no po9t4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ae?1 ,int]jections t require a pause1 ?\gh m commonly emphatic & foll[$ by ! ecphoneme1 are sometimes set (f by ! comma4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 a comma %\ld be us$2 ?us1 ,behold1 he is 9 ! des]t4--,common ,bible4 ,& ,lot said unto !m1 ,oh n s my ,"l4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,g541 xix1 #ah4 ,oh let me escape ?i!r1 7is x n a little "o87 & my s\l %all live4--,,scott3 ,g541 xix1 #bj4 ,behold6 ,i come quickly4--,,bible4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,lo6 ,i am ) y always4--,day's ,gram41 pp4 #aj & #gc4 ,& lo6 ,i am ) y always4--,ib41 pp4 #gh & #aaj4 ,& lo1 ,i am ) y alway4--,,scott',s ,,bible1 & ,,bruce',s3 ,matt41 xxviii1 #bj4 ,ha6 ha6 ha6 h[ laughable t is4--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #hc4 ,int]jections ( ,laught]1--,ha6 he6 hi6 ho6--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #aba4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,( ,,words ,,repeat$4 ,l5d l5d y\r w+s6 ,i m\nt6 ,i fly6--,example v>i$4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! repeat$ ^w l5d has "h no comma4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #af?1 ,a ^w emphatically repeat$1 is g5]ally set (f by ! comma4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 a comma is requir$ aft] ! =m] l5d1 b n aft] ! latt]2 ?us1 ,l5d1 l5d y\r w+s6 ,i m\nt6 ,i fly6--,pope's ,poems1 p4 #cag4 ,to b$ to b$ to b$4 ,!re is a knock+ at ! gate4 ,come come come4 ,:at is done _c be undone4 ,to b$ to b$ to b$4--,see ,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #acj4 ,i w ro>1 t ! duke %all cry1 ,encore encore let him ro> let him ro> once m once m4--,see ib41 p4 #acf4 ,vital sp>k ( heav'nly flame1 ,quit oh quit ?is mortal frame4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,vital sp>k ( heav'nly flame1 ,quit1 oh quit1 ?is mortal frame6--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gr41 p4 #agb4 ,o ! pleas+ pleas+ ,angui%1 ,:5 we love1 & :5 we langui%4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #afa4 ,praise to ,god immortal praise ,= ! love t cr[ns our days6--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abd4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvii4--,,( ,,dep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,?us1 ( an infant1 we say ',x is a lovely creature4'--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because no comma is "h ins]t$ betwe5 say & ! citation :i* foll[s4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #ag?1 ,a quotation1 obs]vation1 or description1 :5 x is introduc$ 9 close dep5d5ce on a v]b1 7z1 say1 reply1 cry1 or ! l47 is g5]ally sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by ! comma4 ,!re=e1 a comma %\ld be put aft] say2 z1 ,?us1 ( an infant1 we say1 ',x is a lovely creature4' ,no be+ c /ate a falsehood 9 say+ ,i am2 = no "o c utt] x1 if x is n true4--,c>dell's ,gram41 #ahmo1 p4 #aah4 ,i "k !y w cry out aga9/ ?is & say '%\ld he pay1 means if he %\ld pay4'--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ceb4 ,= in/ance1 :5 we say '! h\se is build+1' ! advocates ( ! new !ory ask1 'build+ :at8' ,we might ask 9 turn1 :5 y say '! field pl\ghs well1' pl\ghs :at8 ',:eat sells well1' sells :at8 ,if usage all[s u to say ':eat sells at a doll>' 9 a s5se t is n active1 :y may x n also all[ u to say ':eat is sell+ at a doll>' 9 a s5se t is n active8--,h>t's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,man is acc\ntable1 equals mank9d are acc\ntable4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,revis$ ,gram41 p4 #cg4 ,?us1 :5 we say ',he may be read+1' may is ! real v]b2 ! o!r p>ts are v]bs by "n only4--,sm>t's ,engli% ,accid5ce1 p4 #h4 ,?us we say an apple1 an h\r1 t two v[el s\nds may n come toge!r4--,ib41 p4 #bg4 ,x w\ld be z improp] to say an unit1 z to say an y\?2 to say an "o1 z to say an wond]4--,ib41 p4 #bg4 ,:5 we say ',he di$ = ! tru?1' = is a preposition4--,ib41 p4 #bh4 ,we d n say ',i might g ye/]day1' b ',i might h gone ye/]day4'--,ib41 p4 #aa4 ,by /ud5t1 we und]/& "o :o has by matriculation acquir$ ! rights ( academical citiz5%ip2 b1 by burs*1 we und]/& "o :o has already sp5t a c]ta9 "t at ! univ]sity4--,h[itt's ,/ud5t-,life 9 ,g]many1 p4 #bg4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,! ,,semicolon4 ,! ,semicolon is us$ to sep>ate ^? p>ts ( a comp\nd s5t5ce1 :i* are nei!r s closely connect$ z ^? :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! comma1 nor s little dep5d5t z ^? :i* require ! colon4 ,,rule ,i4--,,complex ,,memb]s4 ,:5 two or m complex memb]s1 or su* clauses z require ! comma 9 !mselves1 are con/ruct$ into a p]iod1 !y are g5]ally sep>at$ by ! semicolon3 z1 ,9 ! regions inhabit$ by angelic natures1 unm+l$ felicity =ev] blooms2 joy fl[s !re ) a p]petual & abundant /ream1 nor ne$s any m\nd to *eck its c\rse4--,c>t]4 ,:5 ! voice rises1 ! ge/ure naturally asc5ds2 & :5 ! voice makes ! fall+ inflection1 or l[]s its pit*1 ! ge/ure foll[s x by a correspond+ desc5t2 &1 9 ! level & monoton\s pronunciation ( ! voice1 ! ge/ure seems to obs]ve a simil> limitation1 by mov+ r 9 ! horizontal direction1 )\t mu* v>y+ its elevation4--,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #ajg4 ,! wide1 ! unb\nd$ prospect lies be=e me2 ,b %ad[s1 cl\ds1 & d>kness1 re/ ^u x4--,addison4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,:5 two or m simple memb]s1 or su* clauses z complete _! s5se )\t subdivision1 are con/ruct$ into a p]iod2 if !y require a pause great] ?an t ( ! comma1 !y are usually sep>at$ by ! semicolon3 z1 ,/raws swim ^u ! surface2 b pe>ls lie at ! bottom4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgf4 ,e ?+ gr[s old2 e ?+ passes away2 e ?+ disappe>s4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aae4 ,alex&] ask$ !m ! di/ance ( ! ,p]sian capital2 :at =ces ! k+ ( ,p]sia c\ld br+ into ! field2 :at ! ,p]sian gov]nm5t 02 :at 0 ! "* ( ! k+2 h[ he treat$ 8 enemies2 :at 7 ! mo/ direct ways into ,p]sia4--,:elpley's ,lectures1 p4 #age4 ,a long] c>e man's helpless k9d dem&s2 ,t long] c>e contracts m la/+ b&s4--,pope4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,apposition1 ,c4 ,words 9 apposition1 9 disjunct pairs1 or 9 any o!r con/ruction1 if !y require a pause great] ?an t ( ! comma1 & less ?an t ( ! colon1 may be sep>at$ by ! semicolon3 z1 ,pron\ns h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,judge1 judgem5t2 lodge1 lodgem5t2 ackn[l$ge1 ackn[l$gem5t4--,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,d n ! eyes discov] humility1 pride2 cruelty1 compassion2 reflection1 dissipation2 k9dness1 res5tm5t8--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #aei4 ,?is rule =bids p>5ts to lie to *ildr51 & *ildr5 to p>5ts2 in/ructors to pupils1 & pupils to in/ructors2 ! old to ! "y1 & ! "y to ! old2 attorneys to jurors1 & jurors to attorneys2 buy]s to sell]s1 & sell]s to buy]s4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #cjd4 ,make1 made2 h1 _h2 pay1 paid2 say1 said2 leave1 left2 ,dream1 dreamt2 mean1 meant2 reave & b]eave h reft4 --,w>d's ,gr41 p4 #ff4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,semicolon4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,complex ,,memb]s4 ,! buds spread into leaves1 & ! blossoms swell to fruit1 b !y "k n h[ !y gr[1 nor :o causes !m to spr+ up f ! bosom ( ! e>?4--,day's ,e4 ,gr41 p4 #gb4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! two *ief memb]s :i* compose ?is p]iod1 are sep>at$ only by ! comma aft] fruit4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,semicolon1 ,:5 two or m complex memb]s1 or su* clauses z require ! comma 9 !mselves1 are con/ruct$ into a p]iod1 !y are g5]ally sep>at$ by ! semicolon4 ,!re=e1 ! pause aft] fruit %\ld be m>k$ by a semicolon4 ,b he us$ 8 eloqu5ce *iefly aga9/ ,philip1 k+ ( ,mac$on1 &1 9 sev]al orations1 he /irr$ up ! ,a!nians to make w> aga9/ him4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hd4 ,= ! sake ( euphony1 ! n is dropp$ be=e a consonant1 & because mo/ words beg9 ) a consonant1 ?is ( c\rse is its m common =m4'--,ib41 p4 #aib4 ,b if ,i say ',w a man be able to c>ry ?is burd58' x is manife/ ! idea is entirely *ang$1 ! ref]5ce is n to numb]1 b to ! species1 & ! answ] might be ',no2 b a horse w4'--,ib41 p4 #aic4 ,9 direct disc\rse1 a n\n us$ by a speak] or writ] to designate himself1 is said to be ( ! fir/ p]son--us$ to designate ! p]son address$1 x is said to be ( ! second p]son1 & :5 us$ to designate a p]son or ?+ spok5 (1 x is said to be ( ! ?ird p]son4--,ib41 p4 #aie4 ,vice /+s u1 ev5 9 our pleasures1 b virtue consoles u1 ev5 9 our pa9s4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #hd4 ,vice is infam\s ?\gh 9 a pr9ce1 & virtue honorable ?\gh 9 a peasant4--,ib41 p4 #gb4 ,e ^w t is ! "n ( a p]son or ?+1 is a ,n\n1 because ',a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+4'--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #hc4 ,?is is ! sword1 ) :i* he did ! de$1 ,& t ! %ield by :i* he 0 def5d$4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,a dea?like pal5ess 0 diffus$ ov] 8 c\nt5ancee sic--,,k?1 a *ill+ t]ror convuls$ 8 frame2 8 voice bur/ out at int]vals into brok5 acc5ts4--,pr9ciples ( ,eloqu5ce1 p4 #gc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! fir/ pause 9 ?is s5t5ce is n m>k$ by a suitable po9t4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d = ! ,semicolon1 ,:5 two or m simple memb]s1 or su* clauses z complete _! s5se )\t subdivision1 are con/ruct$ into a p]iod2 if !y require a pause great] ?an t ( ! comma1 !y are usually sep>at$ by ! semicolon4 ,!re=e1 ! comma aft] c\nt5ance %\ld be *ang$ to a semicolon4 ,! ,lac$emonians nev] trad$--!y knew no luxury--!y liv$ 9 h\ses built ( r\gh mat]ials--!y liv$ at public tables--f$ on black bro?1 & despis$ e ?+ effem9ate or luxuri\s4--,:elpley's ,lectures1 p4 #afg4 ,gov]nm5t is ! ag5t4 ,society is ! pr9cipal4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #cgg4 ,! ess5tials ( spee* 7 anci5tly suppos$ to be suffici5tly designat$ by ! ,n\n & ! ,v]b1 to :i* 0 subsequ5tly add$1 ! ,conjunction--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aia4 ,! fir/ fa9t gleam+s ( ?\ght 9 its m9d are b ! reflections f ! p>5ts' own intellect1--! fir/ manife/ations ( temp]am5t are f ! contagi\s p>5tal f\nta91--! fir/ aspirations ( s\l are b ! w>m+s & prompt+s ( ! p>5tal _s4--,jocelyn's ,prize ,essay1 p4 #d4 ,old] & olde/ ref] to maturity ( age1 eld] & elde/ to priority ( "r by bir?4 ,f>!r & f>!/ d5ote place or di/ance3 ,fur!r & fur!/1 quantity or addition4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #adh4 ,let ! divisions be natural1 su* z obvi\sly sugge/ !mselves to ! m9d1 & z may aid y\r ma9 design1 & be easily rememb]$4--,goldsbury's ,manual ( ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,g5tly make ha/e1 ( lab\r n afraid3 ,a hundr$ times consid] :at y've said4--,dryd5's ,art ( ,poetry4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,apposition1 c4 7#a47 ,adjectives are divid$ into two classes3 ,adjectives d5ot+ quality1 & ,adjectives d5ot+ numb]4--,fro/'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! colon aft] ! ^w classes1 is n ! mo/ suitable sign ( ! pause requir$4 ,b accord+ to ,rule #c;d = ! ,semicolon1 ,words 9 apposition1 9 disjunct pairs1 or 9 any o!r con/ruction if !y require a pause great] ?an t ( ! comma1 & less ?an t ( ! colon1 maybe sep>at$ by ! semicolon4 ,9 ?is case1 ! semicolon %\ld h be5 pref]r$ to ! colon4 7#b47 ,!re are two classes ( adjectives--qualify+ adjectives1 & limit+ adjectives4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #cc4 7#c47 ,!re are ?ree ,g5d]s1 ! ,mascul9e1 ! ,fem99e1 & ! ,neut]4-- ,fro/'s ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ea2 ,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ab2 ,alg]'s1 #af2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #ad3 ,murray's1 #hvo1 #cg2 & o!rs4 7#d47 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s3 ! ,,mascul9e1 ! ,,fem99e1 & ! ,,neut]4--,murray's ,gram41 #abmo4 p4 #ci2 ,jaudon's1 #be4 7#e47 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s3 ,! ,mascul9e1 ! ,fem99e1 & ! ,neut]4--,h5drick's ,gram41 p4 #ae4 7#f47 ,! ,s+ul> d5otes ,,"o1 & ! ,plural ,,m ,,?an ,,"o4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #dj4 7#g47 ,!re are ?ree ,cases viz41 ! ,nom9ative1 ! ,possessive1 & ! ,objective--,h5drick's ,gram41 p4 #g4 7#h47 ,n\ns h ?ree cases1 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4-- ,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #da4 7#i47 ,9 ,engli%1 n\ns h ?ree cases--! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #dg4 7#aj47 ,gramm> is divid$ into f\r p>ts1 namely1 ,,or?ography1 ,,etymology1 ,,syntax1 ,,prosody4--,ib41 p4 #da4 7#aa7 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts1 viz4 ,,or?ography1 ,,etymology1 ,,syntax1 & ,,prosody4--,l4 ,murray's ,gramm>s all2 ,t4 ,smi?'s ,gram41 p4 #e4 7#ab47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts3 viz4 ,or?ography--,etymology--,syntax--,proso dy4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #c4 7#ac47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts1 namely1 ,or?ography4 ,etymology1 ,syntax & ,prosody4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #e4 7#ad47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts3 viz4 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax & ,prosody4--,h5drick's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 7#ae47 ,gramm> is divid$ into f\r p>ts3 viz4 ,or?ography1 ,etymology4 ,syntax & ,prosody4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 p1 #ac4 7#af47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts3 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #a2 ,fro/'s ,pract4 ,gram41 #ai4 7#ag47 ,engli% gramm> has be5 usually divid$ into f\r p>ts1 viz3 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax & ,prosody4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ac4 7#ah47 ,temp]ance leads to happ9ess1 intemp]ance to mis]y4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #acg ,h>t's1 #ahj4 7#ai47 ,a fri5d exagg]ates a man's virtues1 an enemy 8 crimes4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #acg 7#bj47 ,a fri5d exagg]ates a man's virtues3 an enemy 8 crimes4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo41 p4 #cbe 7#ba47 ,_m writ]s use a plural n\n aft] ! second ( two num]al adjectives1 ?us1 ',! fir/ & second pages are torn4'--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 #e? ,ed41 p4 #ade 7#bb47 ,( ^!1 ! ,lat9 has six1 ! ,greek1 five1 ! ,g]man1 f\r1 ! ,saxon1 six1 ! ,fr5*1 ?ree1 c4--,id41 ib41 p4 #aif4 ,9 7+7 x ends1 :5 do+ is express'd1 ,9 d1 t1 n1 :5 suff]+'s confess'd4 --,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error4 ,9 old books i is (t5 us$ = j1 v = u1 vv = w1 & ii or ij = y4--,h>t's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,! =m+ ( lett]s into words & syllables is also call$ ,spell+4--,ib41 p4 #ba4 ,labials are =m$ *iefly by ! lips1 d5tals by ! tee?1 palatals by ! palate1 gutturals by ! ?roat1 nasals by ! nose1 & l+uals by ! tongue4--,ib41 p4 #be4 ,! labials are p1 b1 f1 v2 ! d5tals t1 d1 s1 z2 ! palatals g s(t & j2 ! gutturals k1 q1 & c & g h>d2 ! nasals m & n2 & ! l+uals l & r4--,ib41 p4 #be4 ,?us1 '! man hav+ f9i%$ 8 lett]1 w c>ry x to ! po/ (fice4'--,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,?us1 9 ! s5t5ce 'he _h a dagg] conceal$ "u 8 cloak1' conceal$ is passive1 signify+ be+ conceal$2 b 9 ! =m] comb9ation1 x goes to make up a =m1 ! =ce ( :i* is active4--,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,?us1 9 ,lat91 'he _h conceal$ ! dagg]' w\ld be 'pugionem abdid]at2' b 'he _h ! dagg] conceal$' w\ld be 'pugionem abditum habebat4'-- ,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 means '9 ?is place1' n[1 'at ?is "t1' c4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,"h :5 bo? decl>es ! "t ( ! action1 & s is an adv]b1 & also connects ! two v]bs1 & s is a conjunction4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,^! words 7 all no d\bt orig9ally o!r p>ts ( spee*1 viz43 v]bs1 n\ns1 & adjectives4--,ib41 p4 #ib4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts ( a s5t5ce are ! subject1 ! attribute1 & ! object1 9 o!r words ! nom9ative1 ! v]b1 & ! objective4-- ,ib41 p4 #ajd4 ,?us1 ! adjective is connect$ ) ! n\n1 ! adv]b ) ! v]b or adjective1 pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts1 c4--,ib41 p4 #ajd4 ,betwe5 ref]s to two1 among to m ?an two4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,at is us$ aft] a v]b ( re/1 to aft] a v]b ( motion4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,v]bs are ( ?ree k9ds1 ,active1 ,passive1 & ,neut]4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ai2 ,bullions1 ,pr941 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #bi ,v]bs are divid$ into two classes3 ,transitive & ,intransitive4--,h5drick's ,gram41 p4 #bh ,! ,p>ts ( ,spee* 9 ! ,engli% language are n9e1 viz4 ,! ,article1 ,n\n1 ,adjective1 ,pron\n1 ,v]b1 ,adv]b1 ,preposition4 ,int]jection & ,conjunction4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #g ,( ^! ! ,n\n1 ,pron\n1 & ,v]b are decl9$1 ! re/ are indecl9able4--,id41 ib41 p4 #g2 ,practical ,lessons1 p4 #i4 ,! fir/ expression is call$ ! ',active =m4' ,! second ! ',passive =m4'--,welds ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #hc2 ,abridg$1 p4 #ff4 ,o 'tis a godlike privilege to save1 ,& he t scorns x is himself a slave4--,c[p]1 ,vol4 i41 p4 #abc ,,section ,,iii4--,,! ,,colon4 ,! ,colon is us$ to sep>ate ^? p>ts ( a comp\nd s5t5ce1 :i* are nei!r s closely connect$ z ^? :i* are di/+ui%$ by ! semicolon1 nor s little dep5d5t z ^? :i* require ! p]iod4 ,,rule ,i4--,,additional ,,rem>ks4 ,:5 ! prec$+ clause is complete 9 itself1 b is foll[$ by "s additional rem>k or illu/ration1 especially if no conjunction is us$1 ! colon is g5]ally & prop]ly ins]t$3 z1 ,avoid evil do]s3 9 su* society1 an hone/ man may become a%am$ ( himself4--,see t mo? flutt]+ incessantly r\nd ! c&le3 man ( pleasure1 behold ?y image6--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #id4 ,"s ?+s we c1 & o!rs we _c d3 we c walk1 b we _c fly4--,beanie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #aab4 ,rememb] ,heav'n has an av5g+ rod3 ,to smite ! poor1 is treason aga9/ ,god4--,c[p]4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,great] ,,pauses4 ,:5 ! semicolon has be5 introduc$1 or :5 x mu/ be us$ 9 a subsequ5t memb]1 & a /ill great] pause is requir$ )9 ! p]iod1 ! colon %\ld be employ$3 z1 ,pr9ces h c\rti]s1 & m]*ants h p>tn]s2 ! voluptu\s h companions1 & ! wick$ h accomplices3 none b ! virtu\s c h fri5ds4--,unless ! tru? ( our religion be grant$1 a ,*ri/ian mu/ be ! greate/ mon/] 9 nature3 he mu/ at ! same "t be em95tly wise1 & notori\sly fooli%2 a wise man 9 8 practice1 & a fool 9 8 belief3 8 reason+ p[]s mu/ be d]ang$ by a con/ant delirium1 :ile 8 conduct nev] sw]ves f ! pa? ( propriety4--,pr9ciples ( ,eloqu5ce1 p4 #hj4 ,a dec5t compet5ce we fully ta/e2 ,x /rikes our s5se1 & gives a con/ant fea/3 ,m we p]ceive by d9t ( ?\ght alone2 ,! ri* mu/ lab\r to possess _! own4--,"y4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,indep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,a quotation introduc$ )\t a close dep5d5ce on a v]b or a conjunction1 is g5]ally prec$$ by ! colon2 z1 ,9 8 la/ mom5ts1 he utt]$ ^! words3 ',i fall a sacrifice to slo? & luxury4'--,at ?is ! k+ ha/ily retort$3 ',no put-(fs1 my "l2 answ] me pres5tly4'--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cfg4 ,! fa!r address$ himself to !m to ?is effect3 ',o my sons1 behold ! p[] ( unity6'-- ,ripp+ham's ,art ( ,speak+1 p4 #he4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,colon4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,additional ,,rem>ks4 ,( is a preposition1 x expresses ! relation betwe5 fe> & ,"l4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! additional rem>k 9 ?is s5t5ce is n suffici5tly sep>at$ f ! ma9 clause1 by ! comma aft] ! ^w preposition4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,colon1 ,:5 ! prec$+ clause is complete 9 itself1 b is foll[$ by "s additional rem>k or illu/ration1 especially if no conjunction is us$1 ! colon is g5]ally & prop]ly ins]t$4 ,!re=e1 ! colon %\ld "h be sub/itut$ = ! comma4 ,weal? & pov]ty are bo? temptations to man2 t t5ds to excite pride1 ?is discont5tm5t4--,id41 ib41 p4 #ic2 see also ,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ha2 ,murray's1 #ef2 ,+]soll's #fa2 ,alg]'s1 #be2 ,m]*ant's1 #dd2 ,h>t's1 #acg2 et al4 ,religion raises m5 above !mselves1 irreligion s9ks !m b5ea? ! brutes2 ?is b9ds !m d[n to a poor pitiable speck ( p]i%able e>?1 t op5s = !m a prospect 9 ! skies4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ih2 ,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,love n idl5ess1 x de/roys _m4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ga4 ,*ildr51 obey y\r p>5ts2 hon\r ?y fa!r & "m1 is ! fir/ comm&m5t ) promise4--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #hh4 ,?\ art my hid+ place1 & my %ield1 ,i hope 9 ?y promises4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ,! sun %all n smite me by day nor ! moon by night4 ,! ,"l w pres]ve f evil4 ,he w save my s\l4--,,bible4--,ib41 p4 #eg4 ,"h ,greece is assign$ ! highe/ place 9 ! class ( objects among :i* %e is numb]$--! nations ( antiquity--%e is "o ( !m4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #gi4 ,f %ort 7z usual7 & di/urb'd repose ,i wake2 h[ happy !y :o wake no m6--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #baf4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,great] ,,pauses4 ,a ta/e ( a ?+1 implies actual enjoym5t ( x2 b a ta/e = x1 implies only capacity = enjoym5t2 z1 ',:5 we h _h a true ta/e ( ! pleasures ( virtue1 we c h no reli% = ^? ( vice4'--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #adg4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pause aft] enjoym5t is m>k$ only by a semicolon4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d = ! ,colon1 ,:5 ! semicolon has be5 introduc$1 or :5 x mu/ be us$ 9 a subsequ5t memb]1 & a /ill great] pause is requir$ )9 ! p]iod1 ! colon %\ld be employ$4 ,!re=e1 ! second semicolon "h %\ld be *ang$ to a colon4 ,! ,indicative mood simply decl>es a ?+2 z1 ,he loves2 ,he is lov$2 ,or1 x asks a "q2 z1 ,love/ ?\ me8--,id41 ib41 p4 #ce2 ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #dc2 ,l5nie's ,gr41 p4 #bj4 ,! ,indicative ,mood simply indicates or decl>es a ?+3 z1 ',he loves1 he is lov$3' or x asks a "q3 z1 ',does he love8' ',is he lov$8'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #fc2 #abmo1 p4 #fc4 ,! ,imp]fect 7or ,pa/7 t5se repres5ts an action or ev5t indef9itely z pa/2 z1 ,cs> came1 & saw1 & conqu]$2 or x repres5ts ! action def9itely z unf9i%$ & cont9u+ at a c]ta9 "t1 n[ entirely pa/2 z1 ,my fa!r 0 com+ home :5 ,i met him4--,bullions1 ,p4 ,l41 p4 #de2 ,e4 ,gr41 #ci4 ,"s n\ns h no plural2 z1 gold1 silv]1 wisdom1 heal?2 o!rs h no s+ul>2 z1 a%es1 %e>s1 tongs2 o!rs are alike 9 bo? numb]s2 z1 %eep1 de]1 means1 news--,day's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ae4 ,! same v]b may be transitive 9 "o s5se1 & intransitive 9 ano!r2 ?us1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',he believes my /ory1' believes is transitive2 b 9 ?is phrase1 ',he believes 9 ,god1' x is intransitive4--,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,let ! divisions be di/9ct2 "o "p %\ld n include ano!r1 b ea* %\ld h its prop] place1 & be ( importance 9 t place1 & all ! p>ts well fitt$ toge!r & unit$1 %\ld pres5t a :ole4--,goldsbury's ,c4 ,s4 ,gram41 p4 #ia4 ,9 ! use ( ! transitive v]b !re are always ?ree ?+s impli$1--! actor1 ! act1 & ! object act$ ^u4 ,9 ! use ( ! intransitive !re are only two--! subject or ?+ spok5 (1 & ! /ate1 or action attribut$ to x4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram4 ,:y lab\rs reason8 in/9ct 7 z well2 ,in/9ct f> bett]2 :at c *oose1 c err4 --,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 viii4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,indep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,! s5t5ce may run ?us2 ',he is relat$ to ! same p]son1 & is gov]n$ by him4'--,h>t's ,gram4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! semicolon is "h ins]t$1 9 an unusual mann]1 be=e a quotation n closely dep5d5t4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d = ! ,colon1 ,a quotation introduc$ )\t a close dep5d5ce on a v]b or a conjunction1 is g5]ally prec$$ by ! colon4 ,!re=e1 ! colon %\ld be "h pref]r$4 ,always rememb] ?is anci5t prov]b1 ',"k ?yself4'--,hallock's ,gram4 ,consid] ?is s5t5ce4 ,! boy runs swiftly4--,frazee's ,gram41 ,/]eotype ,ed4 #a/ ,ed4 ,! comp>ative is us$ ?us2 ',greece 0 m poli%$ ?an any o!r nation ( antiquity4' ,! same idea is express$ by ! sup]lative :5 ! ^w o!r is left out4 ,?us1 ',greece 0 ! mo/ poli%$ nation ( antiquity'--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram4 see ,l5nie's ,gram4 ,burke1 9 8 spee* on ! ,c>natic w>1 makes ! foll[+ allusion to ! well kn[n fable ( ,cadmus's s[+ dragon's tee?2--',e day y are fatigu$ & disgu/$ ) ?is cant1 ! ,c>natic is a c\ntry t w soon recov]1 & become in/antly z prosp]\s z ev]4 ,!y ?9k !y are talk+ to innoc5ts1 :o believe t by ! s[+ ( dragon's tee?1 m5 may come up ready gr[n & ready made4'--,hiley's ,gram41 see also ,h>t's4 ,= sects he c>'d n1 '!y are n ( u1 ,nor ne$ we1 bre?r51 _! conc]ns discuss4'--,crabbe4 ,habit ) him 0 all ! te/ ( tru?1 ',x mu/ be "r3 ,i've done x f my y\?4' ,que/ions he answ]$ 9 z brief a way1 ',x mu/ be wrong--x 0 ( ye/]day4'--,id41 ,bor\gh4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error4 ,?is w\ld seem to say1 ',i d\bt no?+ save "o ?+1 namely1 t he w fulfil 8 promise2' :]eas1 t is ! v ?+ n d\bt$4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram44 ,! common use ( language requires t a di/9ction be made betwe5 morals & mann]s1 ! =m] dep5d ^u int]nal dispositions1 ! latt] on outw>d & visible accompli%m5ts4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce4 ,?\gh ,i dete/ w> 9 ea* p>ticul> fibre ( my he>t yet ,i honor ! ,h]oes among our fa!rs :o f\ght ) bloody h&3 ,peacemak]s 9 a savage way !y 7 fai?ful to _! light2 ! mo/ inspir$ c be no m1 & we1 ) great] light1 d1 x may be1 f> less4--,p>k]'s ,idea ( a ,*ur*4 ,! ,article !1 l a1 mu/ h a sub/antive jo9$ ) x1 :]eas t1 l "o1 may h x und]/ood2 ?us1 speak+ ( books1 ,i may select "o1 & say1 'give me t2' b n1 'give me !2' 'give me "o2' b n 'give me a4'--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram44 ,! ,pres5t t5se has ?ree di/9ct =ms--! simple2 z1 ,i read2 ! emphatic2 z1 ,i d read2 & ! progressive2 z1 ,i am read+'4--,ib44 ,! t5ses 9 ,engli% are usually reckon$ six4 ,! ,pres5t1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 ! ,plup]fect1 ! ,future1 & ! ,future ,p]fect4--,ib44 ,!re are ?ree p>ticiples1 ! ,pres5t or ,active1 ! ,p]fect or ,passive1 & ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect2 z1 lov+1 lov$1 hav+ lov$4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #b;d ,edition2 ,alg]'s2 ,fisk's2 ,bacon's4 ,! ,p>ticiples are ?ree1 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,p]fect1 & ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect2 z1 lov+1 lov$1 hav+ lov$4--,h>t's ,gram44 ,w is conjugat$ regul>ly1 :5 x is a pr9cipal v]b1 z1 pres5t1 ,i w1 pa/1 ,i will$1 c4--,frazee's ,gram41 ,/]4 ,ed42 ,old ,ed4 ,& bo? s\nds ( x are comp\nd1 "o is t ( gz1 & ! o!r1 t ( ks--,ib41 ,/]4 ,ed4 ,! man is happy3 he is b5evol5t3 he is useful4--,coop]'s ,murray2 ,pl4 & ,pract4 ,gr4 ,! ,pron\n /&s in/ead ( ! n\n2 z1 ,! man is happy2 he is b5evol5t2 he is useful4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n1 to avoid ! too frequ5t repetition ( ! same ^w3 z1 ',! man is happy1' 'he is b5evol5t1' 'he is useful4'--,ib44 ,a pron\n is a ^w1 us$ 9 ! room ( a n\n1 or z a sub/itute = "o or m words1 z3 ! man is happy2 he is b5evol5t2 he is useful4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram41 8 ,abridg4 ( ,mur4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class ( be+s1 or ?+s1 z3 animal2 tree2 insect2 fi%2 f[l--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram4 ,n\ns h ?ree p]sons3 ! fir/2 ! second2 & ! ?ird4--,ib4 7,eve7 s say+1 h] ra% h& 9 evil h\r ,=? rea*+ to ! fruit2 %e pluck'd1 %e ate ,e>? felt ! w\nd3 & nature f h] seat1 ,sigh+ ?r\gh all h] works1 gave signs ( wo1 ,t all 0 lo/4--,coop]'s ,pl4 & ,pr4 ,gram4 ,,section ,,iv4--,,! ,,p]iod4 ,! ,p]iod1 or ,full ,/op1 is us$ to m>k an entire & indep5d5t s5t5ce1 :e!r simple or comp\nd4 ,,rule ,i4--,,di/9ct ,,s5t5ces4 ,:5 a s5t5ce1 :e!r long or %ort1 is complete 9 respect to s5se1 & indep5d5t 9 respect to con/ruction1 x %\ld be m>k$ ) ! p]iod3 z1 ,e deviation f tru? is crim9al4 ,abhor a falsehood4 ,let y\r words be +5u\s4 ,s9c]ity possesses ! mo/ p[]ful *>m4--,! =ce ( a true individual is felt ?r\gh e clause & "p ( a "r book2 ! commas & da%es are alive ) x4--,r4 ,w4 ,em]son4 ,by frequ5t try+1 ,,troy 0 won4 ,all ?+s1 by try+1 may be done4--,lloyd1 p4 #ahd4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,alli$ ,,s5t5ces4 ,! p]iod is (t5 employ$ betwe5 two s5t5ces :i* h a g5]al connexion1 express$ by a p]sonal pron\n1 a conjunction1 or a conjunctive adv]b3 z1 ,! selfi% man langui%es 9 8 n>r[ circle ( pleasures4 ,!y are conf9$ to :at affects 8 own int]e/s4 ,he is oblig$ to repeat ! same gratifications1 till !y become insipid4 ,b ! man ( virtu\s s5sibility moves 9 a wid] sph]e ( felicity4--,blair4 ,& :e!r we %all meet aga91 ,i "k n4 ,!re=e our ev]la/+ f>ewell take4--,%ak41 ,j4 ,c4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,abbreviations4 ,! p]iod is g5]ally us$ aft] abbreviations1 & v (t5 to ! exclusion ( o!r po9ts2 b1 z 9 ?is case x is n a con/ant sign ( pause1 o!r po9ts may prop]ly foll[ x1 if ! words writt5 9 full w\ld dem& !m3 z1 ,a4 ,d4 = ,anno ,dom9i2--,pro tem4 = pro tempore2--,ult4 = ultimo2--i4e4 = id e/1 t is2--,add41 ,spect1 ,no4 #bhe2 i4e41 ,addison1 9 ! ,spectator1 ,numb] #bhe?4 ,consult ! /atute2 'qu>t4' ,i ?9k1 x is1 ',edw>di sext41' or 'prim4 et qu9t4 ,eliz4'--,pope1 p4 #cii4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,x seems to be commonly suppos$1 :e!r correctly or n1 t %ort s5t5ces :i* are 9 !mselves di/9ct1 & :i* 9 _! /at$ use mu/ be sep>at$ by ! p]iod1 may sometimes be rehe>s$ z examples1 9 s close succession z n to require ?is po9t3 z1 ,b if ?\ wilt ent] into life1 keep ! comm&m5ts4 ,he sai? unto him1 ,:i*8 ,jesus said1 ,?\ %alt d no murd]1 ,?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 ,?\ %alt n /eal1 ,?\ %alt n be> false witness1 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m3 &1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,& ,,o!rs3 ,matt41 xix1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces exemplify ! possessive pron\ns3--',my lesson is f9i%$2 ,?y books are defac$2 ,he loves 8 /udies2 ,%e p]=ms h] duty2 ,we own our faults2 ,y\r situation is di/ress+2 ,i admire _! virtues4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ee4 ,:at mode ( po9t+ is be/ adapt$ to examples l ^!1 is made a v difficult "q by ! great div]sity ( practice 9 su* cases4 ,! semicolon1 ) guillemets1 or ! semicolon & a da%1 ) ! quotation m>ks1 may sometimes be suffici5t2 b ,i see no good reason :y ! p]iod %\ld n 9 g5]al be pref]r$ to ! comma1 ! semicolon1 or ! colon1 :]e full & di/9ct s5t5ces are ?us recit$4 ,! =ego+ passage ( ,scripture ,i h exam9$ 9 five diff]5t languages1 t5 diff]5t translations1 & sev5te5 diff]5t editions :i* happ5$ to be at h&4 ,9 ^! x is f\nd po9t$ 9 twelve diff]5t ways4 ,9 ,leusd5's1 ,griesba*'s1 & ,aitton's ,greek1 x has n9e colons2 9 ,leusd5's ,lat9 f ,montanus1 eight2 9 ! common ,fr5* v]sion1 six2 9 ! old ,dut*1 five2 9 our ,bibles1 usually "o1 b n always4 ,9 "s books1 ^! comm&m5ts are mo/ly or :olly divid$ by p]iods2 9 o!rs1 by colons2 9 o!rs1 by semicolons2 9 o!rs1 z above1 by commas4 ,! fir/ f\r are negative1 or prohibitory2 ! o!r two1 positive1 or m&atory4 ,h5ce "s make a great] pause aft] ! f\r?1 ?an else:]e betwe5 any two4 ,?is great] pause is v>i\sly m>k$ by ! semicolon1 ! colon1 or ! p]iod2 & ! o!rs1 at ! same "t1 z v>i\sly1 by ! comma1 ! semicolon1 or ! colon4 ,dr4 ,campbell1 9 8 ,f\r ,gospels1 r5d]s & po9ts ! latt] "p ( ?is passage ?us3 ,jesus answ]$1 ',?\ %alt n commit murd]4 ,?\ %alt n commit adult]y4 ,?\ %alt n /eal4 ,?\ %alt n give false te/imony4 ,hon\r ?y fa!r & "m2 & love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4 ,b ! correspond+ passage 9 ,luke1 xviii #bj1 he exhibits ?us3 ,?\ kn[e/ ! comm&m5ts4 ,d n commit adult]y2 d n commit murd]2 d n /eal2 d n give false te/imony2 hon\r ?y fa!r & ?y "m4 ,?is is "h giv5 z pres5t advice1 ref]r+ to ! comm&m5ts1 b n actually quot+ !m2 &1 9 ?is view ( ! matt]1 semicolons1 n foll[$ by capitals may be "r4 ,see ! common read+ "u ,rule ,,xiv = ,capitals1 on page #aff4 ,,obs4 #b4--,lett]s writt5 = numb]s1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,romans1 ?\gh read z words1 are nev] words 9 !mselves2 nor are !y1 except p]haps 9 "o or two in/ances1 abbreviations ( words4 ,c1 a hundr$1 comes probably f ,c5tum2 & ,m1 a ?\s&1 is ! fir/ lett] ( ,mille2 b ! o!rs1 ,i1 ,v1 ,x1 ,l1 ,d1 & ! v>i\s comb9ations ( !m all1 are direct num]ical signs1 z are ! ,arabic figures4 ,h5ce x is n really necess>y t ! p]iod %\ld be set aft] !m1 except at ! end ( a s5t5ce1 or :]e x is suitable z a sign ( pause4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 & always has be51 a preval5t cu/om1 to m>k numb]s ( ?is k9d ) a p]iod1 z if !y 7 abbreviations2 z1 ,:ile pope ,sixtus ,v4 :o succe$$ ,gregory ,,xiii4 fulm9at$ ! ?und] ( ! *ur* aga9/ ! k+ ( ,nav>re4--,smollet's ,eng41 iii1 #hb4 ,! p]iod is "h ins]t$ :]e ! read+ requires only ! comma2 &1 9 my op9ion1 ! latt] po9t %\ld h be5 pref]r$4 ,sometimes1 ( late1 we f9d o!r po9ts set aft] ?is p]iod2 z1 ,o?o ,,ii41 surnam$ ! ,bloody1 0 son & successor ( ,o?o ,i42 he di$ 9 #ihc4--,univ4 ,biog4 ,dict4 ,?is may be an improvem5t on ! =m] practice1 b d\ble po9ts are n g5]ally us$1 ev5 :]e !y are prop]2 &1 if ! p]iod is n indisp5sable1 a simple *ange ( ! po9t w\ld p]haps soon] ga9 ! sanction ( g5]al usage4 ,,obs4 #c4--,"s writ]s1 judg+ ! p]iod to be wrong or ne$less 9 su* cases1 omit x1 & ins]t only su* po9ts z ! read+ requires2 z1 ,= want ( do+ ?is1 ,judge ,black/one has1 9 ,book ,,iv1 ,*ap4 #ag1 committ$ "s mo/ ludicr\s errors4--,cobbett's ,gram41 ,let4 ,,xix1 #bea4 ,to ins]t po9ts ne$lessly1 is z bad a fault z to omit !m :5 !y are requisite4 ,9 ,wm4 ,day's ,punctuation ,r$uc$ to a ,sy/em1 7,london1 #ahdg17 we h ! foll[+ obscure & que/ionable ,,rule3 ,besides d5ot+ a grammatical pause1 ! full po9t is us$ to m>k contractions1 & is requisite aft] e abbreviat$ ^w1 z well z aft] num]al lett]s4--,page #ajb4 ,?is seems to sugge/ t bo? a pause & a contraction may be d5ot$ by ! same po9t4 ,b :at are prop]ly call$ contractions1 are m>k$ n by ! p]iod1 b by ! apo/rophe1 :i* is no sign ( pause2 & ! conf\nd+ ( ^! ) words abbreviat$1 makes ?is rule utt]ly absurd4 ,z = ! p]iod aft] num]al lett]s1 if !y really ne$$ x at all1 !y w\ld ne$ x sev]ally1 z d ! abbreviations2 b !re are none ( !m1 :i* d n uni=mly disp5se ) x1 :5 n f9al to ! numb]2 & !y may z well disp5se ) x1 9 l mann]1 :5ev] !y are n f9al to ! s5t5ce4 ,,obs4 #d4--,( ^! lett]s1 ,day gives ?is acc\nt3 ,m4 d5otes mille1 #a1jjj2 ,d41 dimidium mille1 half a ?\s&1 or #ejj2 ,c4 c5tum1 #ajj2 ,l4 repres5ts ! l[] half ( ,c41 & expresses #ej2 ,x4 resembles ,v4 ,v41 ! "o upright1 ! o!r inv]t$1 & signifies #aj2 ,v4 /&s = #e1 because its si/] lett] ,u is ! fif? v[el2 & ,i4 signifies #a1 probably because x is ! pla9e/ & simple/ lett] 9 ! alphabet4--,day's ,punctuation1 p4 #ajc4 ,!re is "s fancy 9 ?is4 ,dr4 ,adam says1 ,! lett]s employ$ = ?is purpose i4e41 to express numb]s4 7 ,c4 ,i4 ,l4 ,v4 ,x4--,lat9 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bhh4 ,& aga93 ,a ?\s& is m>k$ ?us ,,ci,c-rev]s]d1 :i* 9 lat] times 0 contract$ into ,m4 ,five hundr$ is m>k$ ?us1 ,i,c-rev]s$1 or by contraction1 ,d4--,ib4 ,day ins]ts p]iods ?us3 ,,iv4 means #d2 ,,ix41 #i2 ,,xl41 #dj2 ,,xc41 #ij2 ,,cd41 #djj2 ,,cm41 #ijj4--,page #gjc4 ,& aga93 #dto41 qu>to1 ! f\r? ( a %eet ( pap]2 #hvo41 octavo1 ! eigh? "p ( a %eet ( pap]2 #abmo41 duodecimo1 ! twelf? ( a %eet ( pap]2 ,n4 ,l41 #h41 #i'41 #aj''41 ,nor? latitude1 eight degrees1 n9e m9utes1 t5 seconds4--,page #ajd4 ,b ,,iv may mean #d1 )\t ! p]iod2 #dto or #hvo has no m ne$ ( x ?an #d? or #h?2 & ,n4 ,l4 #h #i' #aj'' is an expression little to be m5d$ by commas1 & n at all by additional p]iods4 ,,obs4 #e4--,to all[ ! p]iod ( abbreviation to sup]s$e all o!r po9ts :]ev] x occurs1 z au?ors g5]ally h done1 is sometimes pla9ly objectionable2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 to suppose d\ble po9ts to be always necess>y :]ev] abbreviations or ,roman numb]s h pauses less ?an f9al1 w\ld sometimes seem m nice ?an wise1 z 9 ! case ( ,biblical & o!r ref]5ces4 ,a concordance or a ref]5ce ,bible po9t$ on ?is pr9ciple1 w\ld diff] greatly f any n[ extant4 ,9 su* ref]5ces1 numb]s are v frequ5tly po9t$ ) ! p]iod1 ) sc>cely any reg>d to ! pauses requir$ 9 ! read+2 z1 ,,diadem1 ,job #bi4 #ad4 ,isa4 #bh4 #e4 & #fb4 #c4 ,ezek4 #ba4 #bf4--;,br[n's ,concordance4 ,:]e no vision is1 ! p p]i%1 ,prov4 xxix4 #ah4 ,acts iv4 #ab4 ,rom4 x4 #ad4--;,br[n's ,cate*ism1 p4 #ajd4 ,:at ,i urge f #a4 ,pet4 #c4 #ba4 9 my ,apology4--,b>clay's ,works1 iii1 #dih4 ,i4 ,k+s--,,ii4 ,k+s4--,alg]'s ,bible1 p4 iv4 ,comp>e iii4 #de4 ) #a4 ,cor4 iv4 #ac4--,scott's ,bible1 ,pref4 to ,lam4 ,j]4 ,h54 v4 ,a4 #d4 ,sc4 #e4--;,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,see ,rule iii4 ,rem4 #aj4--;,ib41 p4 #afb4 ,"s set a colon betwe5 ! numb] ( ! *apt] & t ( ! v]se2 :i* m>k s]ves well = di/9ction1 :]e bo? numb]s are 9 ,arabic figures3 z1 ',he t =m$ ! eye1 %all he n see8'--,ps4 #id3 #i4--,wells's ,gram41 p4 #abf4 ,he _h only a lease-hold title to 8 s]vice4 ,lev4 #be3 #ci1 ,exod4 #ba3 #b4--,true ,am]41 i4 #bi4 ,o!rs adopt ! foll[+ me?od :i* seems pref]able to any ( ! =ego+3 ,isa4 ,iv1 #c2 ,ezek4 xviii1 #bj2 ,mic4 vi1 #g4--;,gurney's ,essays1 p4 #acc4 ,*ur*ill1 :o is uncommonly nice ab\t 8 punctuation1 writes z foll[s3 ,luke4 vi1 #da1 #db4 ,see also ,*ap4 xv1 #h2 & ,phil41 iii4 #ab4--,new ,gram41 p4 #cec4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,arabic figures us$ z ord9als1 or us$ = ! num]al adv]bs1 fir/1 or fir/ly1 secondly1 ?irdly1 c41 are v commonly po9t$ ) ! p]iod1 ev5 :]e ! pause requir$ aft] !m is less ?an a full /op2 z1 ,we %all consid] ^! words1 #a4 z express+ resolution2 & #b4 z express+ futurity4--,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,b ! p]iod ?us foll[$ by a small lett]1 has n an agreeable appe>ance1 & "s w\ld "h pref] ! comma1 :i* is1 und\bt$ly1 bett] suit$ to ! pause1 ,a fitt] practice1 h[ev]1 w\ld be1 to *ange ! expression ?us3 ,we %all consid] ^! words1 #a/1 z express+ resolution2 &1 #b;dly1 z express+ futurity4 ,,obs4 #g4--,names vulg>ly %ort5$1 !n writt5 z !y are spok51 are n commonly m>k$ ) a p]iod2 z1 ,b5 = ,b5jam94 ,o ,,r>e ,,b5 ,,johnson6--,biog4 ,dict4 ,f :5ce ! inf]5ce is pla91 ,y\r fri5d ,,mat ,,prior wrote ) pa94 --,,lloyd3 ,b4 ,p41 ,vol4 viii1 p4 #ahh4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,p]iod4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,di/9ct ,,s5t5ces4 ,! ?ird p]son is ! position ( ! "n spok5 (2 z1 ,paul & ,silas 7 imprison$1 ! e>? ?ir/s1 ! sun %9es4--,frazee's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ba2 ,/]4 ,ed41 p4 #bc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ?ree totally di/9ct s5t5ces are "h ?r[n toge!r z examples1 ) no o!r di/9ction ?an :at is made by two commas4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,p]iod1 ,:5 a s5t5ce1 :e!r long or %ort1 is complete 9 respect to s5se1 & indep5d5t 9 respect to con/ruction1 x %\ld be m>k$ ) ! p]iod4 ,!re=e1 ^! commas %\ld be p]iods2 &1 ( c\rse1 ! fir/ lett] ( ea* example mu/ be a capital4 ,two & ?ree & f\r make n9e2 if he 7 "h1 he w\ld assi/ 8 fa!r & "m1 = he is a dutiful son2 !y live toge!r1 & are happy1 because !y enjoy ea* o!r's society2 !y w5t to ,roxbury1 & t>ri$ all night1 & came back ! next day4--,goldsbury's ,p>s+ ,lessons 9 8 ,manual ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,we (t5 resolve1 b seldom p]=m2 %e is wis] ?an h] si/]2 ?\gh he is (t5 advis$1 yet he does n re=m2 repro( ei!r s(t5s or h>d5s its object2 he is z old z 8 classmates1 b n s le>n$2 nei!r prosp]ity1 nor adv]sity1 has improv$ him2 let him t /&e?1 take he$ le/ he fall2 he c acquire no virtue1 unless he make "s sacrifices4--,ibid4 ,d[n f 8 neck1 ) blaz+ gems array'd1 ,?y image1 lovely ,anna6 hung portray'd1 ,?' unconsci\s figure1 smil+ all s]5e1 ,susp5d$ 9 a gold5 *a9 0 se51--,s4 ,b>rett's ,e4 ,gr41 p4 #ib4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,alli$ ,,s5t5ces4 ,?is life is a m]e prelude to ano!r1 :i* has no limits1 x is a little portion ( duration4 ,z dea? leaves u1 s ! day ( judgm5t w f9d u4--,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pause aft] limits1 :i* is suffici5t = ! p]iod1 is m>k$ only by ! comma4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d1 ,! p]iod is (t5 employ$ betwe5 two s5t5ces :i* h a g5]al connexion1 express$ by a p]sonal pron\n1 a conjunction1 or a conjunctive adv]b4 ,x w\ld improve ! passage1 to omit ! fir/ comma1 *ange ! second to a p]iod1 & write ! pron\n x ) a capital4 ,judgm5t also might be bett]$ ) an e1 & ano!r is prop]ly two words4 ,he w5t f ,bo/on to ,new ,york2 he w5t f ,bo/on2 he w5t to ,new ,york2 9 walk+ across ! floor1 he /umbl$ ov] a *air4--,goldsbury's ,manual ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,i saw him on ! spot1 go+ along ! road1 look+ t[>ds ! h\se2 dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 he sat on ! gr\nd1 "u ! %ade ( a tree4--,id41 ib4 ,george came home1 ,i saw him ye/]day1 "h2 ! ^w him1 c ext5d only to ! individual ,george--,s4 ,b>rett's ,e4 ,gram41 #aj? ,ed41 p4 #de4 ,commas are (t5 us$ n[1 :]e p>5!ses 7 =m]ly2 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 e/eem ?is an improvem5t4--,see ! ,key4 ,?\1 l a sleep+1 fai?less s5t9el ,did/ let !m pass unnotic$1 unimprov$1 ,& "k1 = t ?\ slumb're/ on ! gu>d1 ,?\ %alt be made to answ] at ! b> ,= e fugitive4 --,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #bbb2 ,enfield's ,sp41 p4 #chj4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,abbreviations4 ,! t]m pron\n 7,lat pronom57 /rictly means a ^w us$ =1 or in/ead ( a n\n4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aih4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! syllable "h put = ! ^w ,lat91 is n m>k$ ) a p]iod4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 ,! p]iod is g5]ally us$ aft] abbreviations1 & v (t5 to ! exclusion ( o!r po9ts2 b1 z 9 ?is case x is n a con/ant sign ( pause1 o!r po9ts may prop]ly foll[ x1 if ! words writt5 9 full w\ld dem& !m4 ,9 ?is in/ance1 a p]iod %\ld m>k ! abbreviation1 & a comma be set aft] (4 ,by analogy1 9 /ead is also m prop]ly two words ?an "o4 ,! p]iod is also us$ aft] abbreviations2 z1 ,a4 ,d4 ,p4 ,s4 ,g4 ,w4 ,johnson4--,butl]'s ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #baa4 ,on ?is pr9ciple ( classification1 ! lat] ,greek gramm>ians divid$ words into eight classes or p>ts ( spee*1 viz3 ! ,article1 ,n\n1 ,pron\n1 ,v]b1 ,p>ticiple1 ,adv]b1 ,preposition1 & ,conjunction4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aia4 ',metre is n conf9$ to v]se3 !re is a tune 9 all good prose2 & ,%akspe>e's 0 a sweet "o4'--,epea ,pt]1 ,,ii1 #fa4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,tooke's idea 0 probably j1 agree+ ) ,ari/otle's1 b n accurately express$4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #che4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,tooke 0 educat$ at ,eton & at ,cambridge1 9 :i* latt] college he took ! degree ( ,a4 ,m2 be+ int5d$ = ! e/abli%$ *ur* ( ,engl&1 he ent]$ into holy ord]s :5 "y1 & obta9$ ! liv+ ( ,br5t=d1 ne> ,london1 :i* he held t5 or twelve ye>s4--,div4 ( ,purley1 #a/ ,am]4 ,edition1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #fj4 ,i1 nor y\r plan1 nor book condemn1 ,b :y y\r "n1 & :y ,a4 ,m6--,lloyd4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error4 ,if ?\ turn away ?y foot f ! sabba?1 c4 ,isaiah4 lviii4 #g4--;,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #fg4 ',he t ha? e]is ( h]ynge1 "h he4 ,wiclif4 ,matt xi4--,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,see ,g5]al ,rules = ,spell+1 iii41 v41 & vii4--,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ',false witnesses did rise up4' ,ps4 xxxv4 ii4--,butl]s ,gram41 p4 #aje4 ,an explicative s5t5ce is us$ = expla9+4 ,an int]rogative s5t5ce = enquir+4 ,an imp]ative s5t5ce = comm&+4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,pr94 ( ,language1 p4 #hg4 ,9 ,octob]1 corn is ga!r$ 9 ! field by m51 :o g f hill to hill ) baskets1 into :i* !y put ! e>s2 ,susan labors ) h] ne$le = a livelihood2 not)/&+ 8 pov]ty1 he is a man ( integrity4--,goldsbury's ,p>s+1 ,manual ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fb4 ,a ^w ( "o syllable1 is call$ a monosyllable4 ,a ^w ( two syllables2 a dissyllable4 ,a ^w ( ?ree syllables2 a trissyllable4 ,a ^w ( f\r or m syllables2 a polysyllable4--,frazee's ,improv$ ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ae4 ,a ^w ( "o syllable1 is call$ a monosyllable4 ,a ^w ( two syllables1 a dissyllable4 ,a ^w ( ?ree syllables1 a trissyllable4 ,a ^w ( f\r or m syllables1 a polysyllable4--,frazee's ,improv$ ,gram41 ,/]4 ,ed41 p4 #ag4 ,if ,i say1 'if x did n ra91 ,i w\ld take a walk2' ,i convey ! idea t x does ra91 at ! "t ( speak+1 ,if x ra9$1 or did x ra91 9 ! pres5t "t1 implies1 x does n ra92 ,if x did n ra91 or did x n ra91 9 pres5t "t1 implies t x does ra92 ?us 9 ?is peculi>ity1 an affirmative s5t5ce always implies a negation1 & a negative s5t5ce an affirmation4--,frazee's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #fa2 ,/]4 ,ed41 #fb4 ,if ,i 7 lov$1 &1 7 ,i lov$1 imply1 ,i am n lov$2 if ,i 7 n lov$1 &1 7 ,i n lov$1 imply1 ,i am lov$2 a negative s5t5ce implies an affirmation2 & an affirmative s5t5ce implies a negation1 9 ^! =ms ( ! subjunctive4--,ib41 ,old ,ed41 p4 #gc2 ,/]4 ,ed41 #gb4 ,:at is ,rule ,,iii48--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,h[ is ,rule ,,iii4 violat$8--,ib41 p4 #aae4 ,h[ d y p>se 'lett]' 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',james writes a lett]'8 ,ans4--',lett] is a n\n com41 ( ! ,,masc4 g5d41 9 ! #c;d p41 s+4 num41 & objective case1 & is gov]n$ by ! v]b 'writes1' accord+ to ,rule ,,iii41 :i* says4 ',a transitive v]b1' c4--,ib41 p4 #aad4dfe ,creation sleeps4 ',t is z ! g5]al pulse ,( life /ood /ill1 & nature made a pause2 ,an awful pause6 prophetic ( h] end1 ,& let h] prophecy be soon fulfill$2 ,fate drop ! curta92 ,i c lose no m4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #baf4 ,,section ,v4--,,! ,,da%4 ,! ,da% is mo/ly us$ to d5ote an unexpect$ or emphatic pause1 ( v>iable l5g?2 b sometimes x is a sign ( falt]+1 or ( ! irregul> /ops ( "o :o hesitates 9 speak+3 z1 ,!n1 aft] _m pauses1 & in>ticulate s\nds1 he said3 ',he 0 v sorry = x1 0 extremely conc]n$ x %\ld happ5 s--b--a--x 0 necess>y--a--' ,"h "l ,e------ /opp$ him %ort1 & bluntly dem&$1 if 8 po/ 7 de/9$ = an o!r4--,see ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,,rule ,i4--,,abrupt ,,pauses4 ,a sudd5 int]ruption1 break1 or transition1 %\ld be m>k$ ) ! da%2 z1 #a4 ',i mu/ inquire into ! affair2 & if'--',& if6' int]rupt$ ! f>m]4 #b4 ,:om ,i--,b fir/ 't is fit ! bill[s to re/ra94--,dryd4 ,virg4 #c4 ,,"h ,,lies ,,! ,,great--,false m>ble6 :]e8 ,no?+ b sordid du/ lies "h4--,"y4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,emphatic ,,pauses4 ,to m>k a consid]able pause1 great] ?an ! /ructure or ! s5t5ce or ! po9ts ins]t$ w\ld seem to require1 ! da% may be employ$2 z1 #a4 ,i pause = a reply4--,none8--,!n none h ,i (f5d$4--,i h done no m to ,cs>1 ?an y %\ld d to ,brutus4--,,%akspe>e3 ,enfields ,speak]1 p4 #ahb4 #b4 ,t>ry a little4 ,!re is some?+ else4-- ,?is bond--do? give !e "h--no jot ( blood4 --,,id43 ,burgh's ,sp41 p4 #afg4 #c4 ,x ?und]s2--b x ?und]s to pres]ve4--,"y4 #d4 ,behold ! picture6--,is x l8--,l :om8--,c[p]4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,faulty ,,da%es4 ,da%es ne$lessly ins]t$1 or sub/itut$ = o!r /ops m def9ite1 are 9 g5]al to be treat$ z errors 9 punctuation2 z1 ,"h ,greece /&s by itself z oppos$ to ! o!r nations ( antiquity--,%e 0 none ( ! o!r nations--,%e 0 m poli%$ ?an !y4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,"h ,greece /&s by h]self1 z oppos$ to ! o!r nations ( antiquity4 ,%e 0 none ( ! o!r nations3 ,%e 0 m poli%$ ?an !y4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,if ?is colon is suffici5t1 ! capital aft] x is ne$less3 a p]iod w\ld1 p]haps1 be bett]4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! da% does n appe> to be always a rhetorical /op1 or always int5d$ to l5g!n ! pause signifi$ by an o!r m>k be=e x4 ,z "o in/ance ( a diff]5t design1 we may notice1 t x is n[ v (t5 employ$ betwe5 a text & a ref]5ce2--i4e41 betwe5 a quotation & ! "n ( ! au?or ( ! book quot$2--9 :i* case1 z ,wm4 ,day sugge/s1 x s]ves z a connect+ m>k = ! two4--,day's ,punctuation1 p4 #aca4 ,b ?is usage1 be+ comp>atively rec5t1 is1 p]haps1 n s g5]al or s necess>y1 t a neglect ( x may prop]ly be c5sur$ z false punctuation4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,an o!r peculi> use ( ! da%1 is its application to side-titles1 to set !m (f f o!r words 9 ! same l9e1 z is se5 (t5 9 ?is ,gramm> z well z 9 o!r works4 ,day says ( ?is1 ,:5 ! sub/ance ( a p>agraph is giv5 z a side-head1 a da% is necess>y to connect x ) its relative matt]4--,ibid4 ,wilson also approves ( ?is usage1 z well z ( ! o!rs "h nam$2 say+1 ,! da% %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 a title & ! subject-matt]1 & also betwe5 ! subject-matt]1 & ! au?ority f :i* x is tak51 :5 !y occur 9 ! same p>agraph4--,wilson's ,punctuation1 ,ed4 ( #ahej1 p4 #aci4 ,,obs4 #c4--,! da% is (t5 us$ to signify ! omission ( some?+2 &1 :5 set betwe5 ! two extremes ( a s]ies ( numb]s1 x may repres5t all ! int]m$iate ones2 z1 ,page #aj-ae2 i4 e41 ,page #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 c4 to #ae4--,matt1 vi1 #i-ad4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,da%4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,abrupt ,,pauses4 ,& !re is some?+ 9 y\r v /range /ory1 t resembles 444 ,does ,mr4 ,bevil "k y\r hi/ory p>ticul>ly8--,see ,key4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! abrupt pause aft] resembles is "h m>k$ by ?ree p]iods4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,da%4 ,a sudd5 int]ruption1 break1 or transition1 %\ld be m>k$ ) ! da%4 ,!re=e1 ! da% %\ld be pref]r$ to ^! po9ts4 ,sir1 ,mr4 ,myrtle1 ,g5tlem56 ,y are fri5ds2 ,i am b a s]vant4 ,b4--,see ,key4 ,ano!r man n[ w\ld h giv5 plump into ?is fooli% /ory2 b ,i8 ,no1 no1 y\r humble s]vant = t4--,see ,key4 ,d n plunge ?yself too f> 9 ang] le/ ?\ ha/5 ?y trial2 :i* if ,"l h m]cy on !e = a h56--,see ,key4 ,b ere !y came1 ,o1 let me say no m6 ,ga!r ! sequel by t w5t be=e4--,see ,key4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,emphatic ,,pauses4 ,m1 ,malvolio2 ,m1 :y1 t beg9s my "n4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! pauses aft] ,m & ,malvolio seem n to be suffici5tly indicat$ "h4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d = ! ,da%1 ,to m>k a consid]able pause1 great] ?an ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce or ! po9ts ins]t$ w\ld seem to require1 ! da% may be employ$4 ,!re=e1 a da% may be set aft] ! commas & ! semicolon1 9 ?is s5t5ce4 ,?us1 by ! creative influ5ce ( ! ,et]nal ,_s1 7 ! heav5s & ! e>? f9i%$ 9 ! space ( six days1 s admirably f9i%$1 an un=m$ *aos *ang$ into a sy/em ( p]fect ord] & beauty1 t ! adorable ,ar*itect himself pron\nc$ x v good1 & all ! sons ( ,god %\t$ = joy4--,see ,key4 ,if ,i 7 an ,am]ican1 z ,i am an ,engli%man1 :ile a =eign troop rema9$ 9 my c\ntry1 ,i ,,nev] w\ld lay d[n my arms2 ,,nev]1 ,,nev]1 ,,nev]4--,columbian ,orator1 p4 #bfe4 ,madam1 y\rself are n exempt 9 ?is1 ,nor y\r son ,dorset1 ,buck+ham1 nor y4--,see ,key4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,faulty ,,da%es4 --,y %all g home directly1 ,le ,fevre1 said my uncle ,toby1 to my h\se1--& we'll s5d = a doctor to see :at's ! matt]1--& we'll h an apo!c>y1--& ! corporal %all be y\r nurse2--& ,i'll be y\r s]vant1 ,le ,fevre4--,,/]ne3 ,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #cjf4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because all ! da%es "h quot$1 except p]haps ! la/1 are useless1 or obvi\sly sub/itut$ = m def9ite m>ks4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d1 ,da%es ne$lessly ins]t$1 or sub/itut$ = o!r /ops m def9ite1 are 9 g5]al to be treat$ z errors 9 punctuation4 ,!re=e1 ! fir/ ( ^! %\ld be simply expung$2 ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r?1 ) _! commas1 %\ld be *ang$ to semicolons2 & ! la/1 ) its semicolon1 may well be made a colon4 ,he cont9u$--,inf]ior arti/s may be at a /&1 because !y want mat]ials4--,,h>ris3 ,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #aia4 ,?us1 !n1 cont9u$ he--,! end 9 o!r arts is ev] di/ant & remov$4--,id41 ib4 ,! n\ns mu/ be c\pl$ ) &1 & :5 a pron\n is us$ x mu/ be plural1 z 9 ! example--,:5 ! n\ns are disjo9$ ! pron\n mu/ be s+ul>4--,l5nie's ,gram41 #e? ,ed41 p4 #eg4 ,op9ion is a n\n or sub/antive common1--( ! s+ul> numb]1--neut] g5d]1--nom9ative case1--& ?ird p]son4--,wright's ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #bbh4 ,! m\nta9--?y pall & ?y prison--may keep !e2 ,i %all see !e no m2 b till dea? ,i w weep !e4 --,felton's ,gram41 p4 #adf4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error ,if to accommodate man & bea/1 heav5 & e>?2 if ?is be beyond me1 'tis n possible4--,:at consequ5ce !n foll[s8 or c !re be any o!r ?an ?is--if ,i seek an int]e/ ( my own1 deta*$ f t ( o!rs2 ,i seek an int]e/ :i* is *im]ical1 & c nev] h exi/5ce4--,,h>ris3 ,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #aci4 ,aga9--,i mu/ h food & clo?+--,)\t a prop] g5ial w>m?1 ,i in/antly p]i%--,am ,i n relat$1 9 ?is view1 to ! v e>? itself8 ,to ! di/ant sun1 f ^: beams ,i d]ive vig\r8--,id41 ib41 p4 #adj4 ,nature in/antly ebb'd aga9--! film return$ to its place--! pulse flutt]'d--/opp'd--w5t on--?robb'd--/opp'd aga9--mov'd--/opp'd--%all ,i g on8--,no4--,,/]ne3 ib41 p4 #cjg4 ,write t5 n\ns ( ! mascul9e g5d]4 ,t5 ( ! fem99e4 ,t5 ( ! neut]4 ,t5 indef9ite 9 g5d]4--,p>don ,davis's ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,! ,inf9itive ,mode has two t5ses--! ,indicative1 six--! ,pot5tial1 two--! ,subjunctive1 six1 & ! ,imp]ative1 "o4--,frazee's ,gram41 ,/]4 ,ed41 p4 #ci2 #a/ ,ed41 #cg4 ,n[ notice ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,john runs1--boys run--?\ runne/4--,ib41 ,/]4 ,ed41 p4 #ej2 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #dh4 ,! ,pron\n sometimes /&s = a "n--sometimes = an adjective--a s5t5ce--a "p ( a s5t5ce--&1 sometimes = a :ole s]ies ( propositions4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 #abmo1 p4 #cba4 ,! self-applaud+ bird1 ! peacock1 see-- ,m>k :at a sumptu\s ph>isee is he6--,c[p]1 i1 #di4 ,,section ,,vi4--,,! ,,eroteme4 ,! ,eroteme1 or ,note ( ,int]rogation1 is us$ to designate a "q4 ,,rule ,i4--,,que/ions ,,direct4 ,que/ions express$ directly z su*1 if f9i%$1 %\ld always be foll[$ by ! note ( int]rogation2 z1 ,0 x possible t virtue s exalt$ %\ld be erect$ ^u inju/ice8 t ! pr\de/ & ! mo/ ambiti\s ( mank9d %\ld be ! great ma/] & accompli%$ patt]n ( humility8 t a doctr9e s pure z ! ,gospel %\ld be ! "w ( an uncommission$ pret5d]8 t s p]fect a sy/em ( morals %\ld be e/abli%$ on blasphemy8--,j]n+ham's ,essay1 p4 #ha4 ,9 life1 c love be b\ght ) gold8 ,are fri5d%ip's pleasures to be sold8--,johnson4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,que/ions ,,unit$4 ,:5 two or m que/ions are unit$ 9 "o comp\nd s5t5ce1 ! comma1 semicolon1 or da%1 is sometimes us$ to sep>ate !m1 & ! eroteme occurs aft] ! la/ only2 z1 #a4 ,:5--"u :at adm9i/ration--"u :at exig5cies ( w> or peace--did ! ,s5ate ev] be=e deal ) su* a measure 9 su* a mann]8 ,nev]1 sir1 nev]4--,d4 ,web/]1 9 ,congress1 #ahdf4 #b4 ,can/ ?\1 & hon\r'd ) a ,*ri/ian "n1 ,buy :at is woman-born1 & feel no %ame2 ,trade 9 ! blood ( innoc5ce1 & plead ,exp$i5ce z a w>rant = ! de$8--,c[p]4 #c4 ,tru?s w\ld y tea*1 or save a s9k+ l&8 ,all fe>1 none aid y1 & few und]/&4--,pope4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,que/ions ,,indirect4 ,:5 a "q is m5tion$1 b n put directly z a "q1 x loses bo? ! quality & ! sign ( int]rogation2 z1 ,! ,cyprians ask$ me :y ,i wept4--,murray4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! value ( ! eroteme z a sign ( pause1 is /at$ v diff]5tly by diff]5t gramm>ians2 :ile _m ( ! va/ multitude1 by a /range ov]sight1 say no?+ ab\t x4 ,x is unque/ionably v>iable1 l t ( ! da%1 or ( ! ecphoneme4 ,w4 ,h4 ,wells says1 ,! comma requires a mom5t>y pause2 ! semicolon1 a pause some:at long] ?an ! comma2 ! colon1 a pause some:at long] ?an ! semicolon2 & ! p]iod1 a full /op4 ,! note ( int]rogation1 or ! note ( exclamation1 may take ! place ( ,,ei!r ( ^!1 & accord+ly requires a pause ( ! same l5g? z ! po9t = :i* x is sub/itut$4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,?is appe>s to be accurate 9 idea1 ?\gh p]haps h>dly s 9 language4 ,l9dley ,murray has /at$ x ?us3 ,! int]rogation & exclamation po9ts are int]m$iate z to _! quantity or "t1 & may be equival5t 9 t respect to a semicolon1 a colon1 or a p]iod1 z ! s5se may require4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bhj4 ,b ,sanborn1 9 reg>d to 8 ,"q ,po9t1 awkw>dly says3 ,?is pause is g5]ally "s long] ?an t ( a p]iod4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #bga4 ,bu*anan1 z long ago z #agfg1 taught z foll[s3 ,! ,pause aft] ! two ,po9ts ( ,int]rogation & ,admiration ought to be equal to t ( ! ,p]iod1 or a ,colon at lea/4--,engli% ,syntax1 p4 #afj4 ,& ,j4 ,s4 ,h>t av]s1 t1 ,a "q is reckon$ z equal to a complete s5t5ce1 & ! m>k ( int]rogation z equal to a p]iod4--,h>t's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,he says also1 t1 ! fir/ ^w aft] a note ( int]rogation %\ld beg9 ) a capital4--,ib41 p4 #afb4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 he1 l o!rs1 has n adh]$ to ^! exceptionable pr9ciples1 z may be se5 by ! false gramm> cit$ bel[4 ,,obs4 #b4--,sometimes a s]ies ( que/ions may be sev]ally complete 9 s5se1 s t ea* may require ! int]rogative sign1 ?\gh "s or all ( !m may be s unit$ 9 con/ruction1 z n to admit ei!r a long int]m$iate pause or an initial capital2 z1 ,is !re no honor 9 g5]osity8 nor 9 pref]r+ ! lessons ( consci5ce to ! impulses ( passion8 nor 9 ma9ta9+ ! supremacy ( moral pr9ciple1 & 9 pay+ rev]5ce to ,*ri/ian tru?8--,gannett4 ,true hon\r is manife/$ 9 a /eady1 uni=m tra9 ( actions1 att5d$ by ju/ice1 & direct$ by prud5ce4 ,is ?is ! conduct ( ! duelli/8 w ju/ice support him 9 robb+ ! community ( an able & useful memb]8 & 9 depriv+ ! poor ( a b5efactor8 w x support him 9 prep>+ affliction = ! wid['s he>t8 9 fill+ ! orphan's eyes ) te>s8--,j]n+ham's ,essay1 p4 #aac4 ,b1 9 ?is latt] example1 p]haps1 commas might be sub/itut$ = ! second & f\r? erotemes2 & ! ^w w might1 9 bo? in/ances1 beg9 ) a capital4 ,,obs4 #c4--,:5 a "q is m5tion$ 9 its due =m1 x commonly reta9s ! sign ( int]rogation1 ?\gh n actually ask$ by ! writ]2 &1 except p]haps :5 x consi/s ( "s little int]rogative ^w or phrase1 requires ! initial capital3 z1 ,to "k :5 ?is po9t ought to be us$1 d n say31 ',is a "q ask$8' b1 ',does ! s5t5ce ask a "q8'--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cfh4 ,!y put _! huge in>ticulate "q1 ',:at d y mean to d ) u8' 9 a mann] audible to e reflective s\l 9 ! k+dom4--,c>lyle's ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 p4 #af4 ,an adv]b may be g5]ally kn[n1 by its answ]+ to ! "q1 ,h[8 h[ mu*8 :58 or :]e8 z1 9 ! phrase1 ',he reads correctly1' ! answ] to ! "q1 ,h[ does he read8 is correctly4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bh4 ,?is passage1 :i*1 )\t ev] arriv+ at great accuracy1 has be5 alt]$ by ,murray & o!rs 9 ways innum]able1 is ev]y:]e exhibit$ ) five int]rogation po9ts4 ,b1 z to capitals & commas1 z well z ! con/ruction ( words1 x w\ld seem no easy matt] to det]m9e :at impression ( x is ne>e/ "r4 ,9 ,fl9t's ,murray x /&s ?us3 ,an adv]b may g5]ally be kn[n by its answ]+ ! "q1 ,h[8 ,h[ mu*8 ,:58 or ,:]e8 ,z 9 ! phrase1 ',he reads correctly4 ,! answ] to ! "q1 ',h[ does he read8' is1 'correctly4' ,su* que/ions1 :5 ! pause is slight1 d n1 h[ev]1 9 all cases1 require capitals3 z1 ,rosal4 ,:i* ( ! visors 0 x1 t y wore8 ,biron4 ,:]e8 :58 :at visor8 :y dem& y ?is8 ,%akspe>e1 ,love's ,lab\r ,lo/1 ,act ,v1 ,sc4 #b4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,a "q is sometimes put 9 ! =m ( a m]e decl>ation2 its int]rogative "* dep5d+ solely on ! eroteme1 & ! tone1 or inflection ( voice1 adopt$ 9 ! utt]ance3 z1 ,i suppose1 ,sir1 y are 8 apo!c>y8--,,swift3 ,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #he4 ,i hope1 y h1 ^u no acc\nt1 promot$ /]nutation by hellebore8--,id41 ib4 ,?is prie/ has no pride 9 him8--,,s+]',s ,,%ak41 ,h5ry ,,viii1 ii1 #b4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,eroteme4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,que/ions ,,direct4 ,:5 w 8 e> delight 9 ! s\nd ( arms4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #ei4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because "h is a f9i%$ "q ) a p]iod set aft] x4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,eroteme1 ,que/ions express$ directly z su*1 if f9i%$1 %\ld always be foll[$ by ! note ( int]rogation4 ,!re=e1 ! eroteme1 or note ( int]rogation1 %\ld "h be sub/itut$ = ! p]iod4 ,:5 %all ,i1 l ,osc>1 travel 9 ! light ( my /eel4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 ,w ,h5ry call on me :ile he %all be j\rney+ ,s\?4--,peirce1 ib41 p4 #acc4 ,an ,int]rogative ,pron\n is "o t is us$ 9 ask+ a "q2 z1 ':o is he1 & :at does he want8'--,day's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,:o is g5]ally us$ :5 we w\ld inquire = "s unkn[n p]son or p]sons2 z1 :o is t man4--,ib41 p4 #bd4 ,our fa!rs1 :]e are !y1 & ! prophets1 d !y live =ev]8--,ib41 p4 #aji4 ,x is true1 t "s ( our be/ writ]s h us$ ?an :om2 b x is also true1 t !y h us$ o!r phrases :i* we h reject$ z ungrammatical3 !n :y n reject ?is too4--,! s5t5ces 9 ! ,ex]cises ) ?an :o are correct z !y /&4--,l5nie's ,gram41 #e? ,ed41 #ahai1 p4 #gi4 ,:5 ! p]fect p>ticiple ( an active-intransitive v]b is annex$ to ! neut] v]b to be8 ,:at does ! comb9ation =m8--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,^? adv]bs :i* answ] to ! "q :]e1 :i!r or :5ce1 are call$ adv]bs ( place4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,can/ ?\1 by se>*+1 f9d out ,god2 ,can/ ?\ f9d out ! ,almighty to p]fection2 ,x is high z heav51 :at can/ ?\ d8 deep] ?an hell1 :at can/ ?\ "k8--,blair's ,rhet4 p4 #acb4 ,:]e1 :]e1 = %elt] %all ! guilty fly1 ,:5 con/]nation turns ! good man pale4--,ib41 p4 #bbb4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,que/ions ,,unit$4 ,:o kn[s :at res\rces are 9 /ore8 & :at ! p[] ( ,god may d = !e8 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because an eroteme is set aft] /ore1 :]e a comma w\ld be suffici5t4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d = ! ,eroteme1 ,:5 two or m que/ions are unit$ 9 "o comp\nd s5t5ce1 ! comma1 semicolon1 or da%1 is sometimes us$ to sep>ate !m1 & ! eroteme occurs aft] ! la/ only4 ,!re=e1 ! comma %\ld "h be pref]r$1 z ! au?or probably wrote ! text4 ,see ,key4 ,! ,"l is n a man t he %\ld lie1 nei!r ! son ( man t he %\ld rep5t4 ,ha? he said x8 & %all he n d x8 ,ha? he spok5 x8 & %all he n make x good8--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cec2 #abmo1 #bgg2 ,hiley's1 #aci2 ,h>t's1 #aha4 ,ha? ! ,"l said x8 & %all he n d x8 ,ha? he spok5 x8 & %all he n make x good8--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #aac2 ,bullions's1 #agf4 ,:o calls ! c\ncil1 /ates ! c]ta9 day8 ,:o =ms ! phalanx1 & :o po9ts ! way4 --,brit4 ,poets1 vi1 #cgf4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,que/ions ,,indirect4 ,to be1 or n to be8--t is ! "q4--,enfield's ,sp41 p4 #cfg2 ,kirkham's ,eloc41 #abc4dff ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! note ( int]rogation is "h set aft] an expression :i* has nei!r ! =m nor ! nature ( a direct "q4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d = ! ,eroteme1 ,:5 a "q is m5tion$1 b n put directly z a "q1 x loses bo? ! quality & ! sign ( int]rogation4 ,!re=e1 ! semicolon1 :i* seems adapt$ to ! pause1 %\ld "h be pref]r$4 ,if x be ask$1 :y a pause %\ld any m be necess>y to emphasis ?an to an acc5t8 or :y an emphasis alone1 w n suffici5tly di/+ui% ! memb]s ( s5t5ces f ea* o!r1 )\t pauses1 z acc5t does words8 ! answ] is obvi\s2 t we are pre-acqua9t$ ) ! s\nd ( words1 & _c mi/ake !m :5 di/9ctly pron\nc$1 h[ev] rapidly2 b we are n pre-acqua9t$ ) ! mean+ ( s5t5ces1 :i* mu/ be po9t$ out to u by ! read] or speak]4--,%]idan's ,rhet4 ,gram41 p4 lvi4 ,cry1 ,by y\r ,prie/hood tell me :at y are8 --,,pope3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,london1 #ahjj1 ,vol4 vi1 p4 #daa4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error4 ,:o else c he be4 ,:]e else c he g4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 #ahde1 p4 #ga4 ,9 famili> language "h1 !re & :]e are us$ = hi!r1 ?i!r & :i!r4--,n4 ,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ?is s5t5ce1 ',indol5ce und]m9es ! f\ndation ( virtue4'--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! s5t5ce be=e quot$4 ',indol5ce und]m9es ! f\ndation ( virtue4'--,ib41 p4 #aaj4 ,"u ! same head are consid]$ su* s5t5ces z ^!1 'he t he>e?1 let him he>1' ',gad1 a troop %all ov]come him1' c4--,ib41 p4 #ajh4 ,,t5ses are c]ta9 modifications ( ! v]b :i* po9t out ! di/9ctions ( "t4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ch2 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #dd4 ,calm 0 ! day & ! sc5e delightful4--,id4 ,e4 ,gr41 p4 #hj4 ,! capital lett]s us$ by ! ,romans to d5ote numb]s1 7 ,c4 ,i4 ,l4 ,v4 ,x4 :i* are !re=e call$ ,num]al ,lett]s4 ,i1 d5otes "o2 ,v1 five3 ,x1 t52 ,l1 fifty2 & ,c1 a hundr$4--,id41 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #ef4 ',i %all h writt52' viz1 at or be=e "s future "t or ev5t4--,id41 ib41 p4 #hi4 ,9 ,lat9 words ! liquids are l & r only4 ,9 ,greek words l1 r1 m1 n4--,id41 ib41 p4 #bgg4 ,ea* legion 0 divid$ into t5 cohorts1 ea* cohort into ?ree maniples1 & ea* maniple into two c5turies4--,id41 ib41 p4 #cjj4 ,( ! ,roman lit]ature previ\s to ,a4 ,u4 #ead sc>cely a ve/ige rema9s4--,id41 ib41 p4 #cab4 ,& t1 :i* ,he delights 9 mu/ be happy4 ,b :56--or :]e6--,?is _w 0 made = ,cs>4 --,burgh's ,sp41 p4 #abb4 ,& t :i* he delights 9 mu/ be happy4 ,b :51 or :]e8 ,?is _w 0 made = ,cs>4 --,enfield's ,sp41 p4 #cba4 ,look next on greatness4 ,say1 :]e greatness lies8 ,:]e b among ! h]oes & ! wise4 --,burgh's ,sp41 p4 #ia4 ,look next on greatness6 say :]e greatness lies4 ,:]e1 b among ! h]oes & ! wise8 --,essay on ,man1 p4 #ea4 ,look next on ,greatness2 say :]e ,greatness lies3 ,:]e1 b among ! ,h]oes & ! ,wise8 --,brit4 ,poets1 vi1 #chj4 ,,section ,,vii--,,! ,,ecphoneme4 ,! ,ecphoneme1 or ,note ( ,exclamation1 is us$ to d5ote a pause ) "s /rong emotion ( admiration1 joy1 grief1 or o!r feel+2 &1 z a sign ( great wond]1 x is sometimes1 ?\gh n v elegantly1 repeat$3 z1 ,grammatical consi/5cy666 ,:at a gem6--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ceb4 ,,rule ,i4--,,int]jections1 c4 ,emphatic int]jections1 & o!r expressions ( great emotion1 are g5]ally foll[$ by ! note ( exclamation2 z1 ,hold6 hold6 ,is ! devil 9 y8 ,oh6 ,i am bruis$ all ov]4--,,moli]e3 ,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #bej4 ,& ,o6 till e>?1 & seas1 & heav'n decay1 ,ne'er may t fair creation fade away6--,dr4 ,l[?4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,invocations4 ,aft] an e>ne/ address or solemn invocation1 ! note ( exclamation is n[ g5]ally pref]r$ to any o!r po9t2 z1 ,:]eupon1 ,o k+ ,agrippa6 ,i 0 n disob$i5t unto ! heav5ly vision4--,acts1 xxvi1 #ai4 ,be witness ?\1 immortal ,"l ( all6 ,^: ?und] %akes ! d>k arial hall4--,pope4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,exclamatory ,,que/ions4 ,words utt]$ ) vehem5ce 9 ! =m ( a "q1 b )\t ref]5ce to an answ]1 %\ld be foll[$ by ! note ( exclamation2 z1 ,h[ madly h ,i talk$6--,"y4 ,an ,au?or6 ',tis a v5]able "n6 ,h[ few des]ve x1 & :at numb]s claim6 --,id41 ,br4 ,po41 viii1 #dja4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,ecphoneme4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,int]jections1 c4 7#a47 ,o t he 7 wise4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 ,,=mule4 ,n prop]1 because ?is /rong wi%1 introduc$ by ,o1 is m]ely m>k$ ) a p]iod4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,ecphoneme1 ,emphatic int]jections1 & o!r expressions ( great emotion1 are g5]ally foll[$ by ! note ( exclamation4 ,!re=e1 ! pause aft] ?is s5t5ce1 %\ld be m>k$ ) ! latt] sign2 &1 if ! ,o be read ) a pause1 ! same sign may be !re also4 7#b47 ,o t 8 he>t 0 t5d]4--,ex]cises1 ib41 p4 #aaa4 7#c47 ,oh1 :at a sight is "h6--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #dh4 7#d47 ,oh6 :at a sight is "h4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ga2 7,obs4 #b27 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #hc4 7#e47 ,o virtue6 ,h[ amiable ?\ art4--,id411 p4 #ga2 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #hb4 7#f47 ,o virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #aji4 7#g47 ,o1 virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art4--,s4 ,putnam's ,gram41 p4 #ec4 7#h47 ,oh6 virtue1 h[ amiable ?\ art6--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #aia2 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's1 #cge4 7#i47 ,o virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art6--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #abf4 7#aj47 ,oh6 t ,i _h be5 m dilig5t4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #afg2 see ,hiley's1 #aag4 7#aa47 ,o6 ! humiliation to :i* vice r$uces u4--,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #ab2 ,murray's ,ex41 p4 #e4 7#ab47 ,o6 t he 7 m prud5t4--,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 7#ac47 ,ah6 me4--,p4 ,davis's ,gram41 p4 #gi4 7#ad47 ,ah me6--,ib41 p4 #abb4 7#ae47 ,lately alas ,i knew a g5tle boy1 c4--,! ,dial1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ga4 7#af47 ,wo is me ,alhama4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aij4 7#ag47 ,wo is me1 ,alhama4--,ibid41 #aac? ,?\s&1 p4 #bjf4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,invocations4 ,weep on ! rocks ( ro>+ w9ds1 ,o maid ( ,ini/ore4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aca2 ,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aeh4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ! emphatic address 9 ?is s5t5ce1 is m>k$ ) a p]iod aft] x4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d = ! ,ecphoneme1 ,aft] an e>ne/ address or solemn invocation1 ! note ( exclamation is n[ g5]ally pref]r$ to any o!r po9t4 ,!re=e1 ?is p]iod %\ld be *ang$ to ! latt] sign4 ,cease a little :ile1 ,o w9d2 /ream1 be ?\ sil5t a :ile2 let my voice be he>d ar\nd4 ,let my w&]] he> me4 ,salg>1 x is ,colma :o calls4 ,"h is ! tree1 & ! rock4 ,salg>1 my love1 ,i am "h4 ,:y delaye/ ?\ ?y com+8 ,lo1 ! calm moon comes =?4 ,! flood is bright 9 ! vale4--,see ,key4 ,ah1 /ay n1 /ay n1 gu>dless & alone2 ,hector1 my lov'd1 my de>e/1 brave/ son4--,see ,key4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,exclamatory ,,que/ions4 ,h[ mu* bett] is wisdom ?an gold4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aec2 ,hiley1 p4 #aac4 ,,=mule--,n prop]1 because ?is exclamatory s5t5ce is po9t$ ) a p]iod at ! end4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #c;d = ! ,ecphoneme1 ,words utt]$ ) vehem5ce 9 ! =m ( a "q1 b )\t ref]5ce to an answ]1 %\ld be foll[$ by ! note ( exclamation4 ,!re=e1 ?is p]iod %\ld be *ang$ to ! latt] sign4 ,o virtue6 h[ amiable art ?\4--,fl9t's ,murray1 p4 #ea4 ,at t h\r1 ,o h[ va9 0 all sublun>y happ9ess4--,day's ,gram41 p4 #gd4 ,alas6 h[ few & transitory are ! joys :i* ?is _w af=ds to man4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,oh6 h[ va9 & transitory are all ?+s "h bel[4--,ib41 p4 #aaj4 ,& oh6 :at *ange ( /ate1 :at *ange ( rank1 ,9 t assembly ev]y:]e 0 se54--,day's ,gram41 p4 #ab4 ,& ,o6 :at *ange ( /ate6 :at *ange ( rank6 ,9 t assembly e :]e 0 se56--,pollok1 ,b4 ix1 l4 #gha4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error4 ,o %ame6 :]e is ?y blu%4--,s4 ,b>r5's ,pr9ciples ( ,language1 p4 #hf4 ,o %ame1 :]e is ?y blu%2 ,john1 give me my hat4--,ib41 p4 #ih4 ,:at6 is ,mosc[ 9 flames4--,ib41 p4 #hf4 ,ah6 :at happ9ess awaits ! virtu\s4--,ib41 #hf4 ,ah1 welladay1--d :at we c = him1 said ,trim1 ma9ta9+ 8 po9t1--! poor s\l w die4--,,/]ne3 ,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #cjf4 ,a well o'day6 d :at we c = him1 said ,trim1 ma9ta9+ 8 po9t3 ! poor s\l w die--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #cdj4 ,w ,john return to-morr[4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 ,t5? ,ed41 p4 #ee4 ,w n ,john return to-morr[4--,ib41 #ee4 ,john6 return to-morr[2 ,soldi]s6 /& firm4--,ib41 #ee4 ,if mea :i* means my is an adjective 9 ,lat91 :y may n my be s call$ 9 ,engli%1 & if my is an adjective1 :y n ,b>rett's--,ib41 p4 #ej4 ,oh8 ,absalom1 my son4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cge4 ,oh6 ,,/>-,,ey$ ,,sci5ce66 :i!r ha/ ?\ fl$8--,ib41 p4 #cff4 ,:y d y tol]ate y\r own inconsi/5cy1 by call+ x ! pres5t t5se6--,ib41 p4 #cfj4 ,?us ! decl>ative mode may be us$ 9 ask+ a "q2 z1 :at man is frail4--,ib41 p4 #ceh4 ,:at connexion has motive wi%1 or supposition1 ) ! t]m subjunctive6--,ib41 p4 #cdh4 ,a gr& reason1 truly6 = call+ x a gold5 key4--,ib41 p4 #cdg4 ,:at 'suff]+'6 ! man :o c say ?is1 mu/ be 'endur+4'--,ib41 p4 #cde4 ,:at is ,br[n's ,rule6 9 relation to ?is matt]8--,ib41 p4 #ccd4 ,alas6 h[ %ort is life4 ,?omas1 /udy y\r book4--,day's ,di/rict ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ,z1 'alas6' h[ %ort is life2 ,?omas1 /udy y\r book4'--,ib41 p4 #hb4 ,:o c tell u :o !y are4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,"l h m]cy on my son2 = he is a lunatic1 etc4--,felton's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ach2 ,/]4 ,ed41 #adj4 ,o1 ye wild groves1 ,o1 :]e is n[ y\r bloom6--,ib41 p4 #hh2 ,/]4 ,ed41 #ia4 ,o :o ( man ! /ory w unfold6 --,f>num's ,gr41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ajd4 ,me?\ght ,i he>d ,horatio say to-morr[4 ,g to ,i w n he> ( x--to-morr[4 --,hallock's ,gr41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #bba4 ,h[ 8 eyes langui%8 h[ 8 ?\ghts adore ,t pa9t$ coat :i* ,joseph nev] wore8 --,love ( ,fame1 p4 #ff4 ,,section ,,viii4--,,! ,,curves4 ,! ,curves1 or ,m>ks ( ,p>5!sis1 are us$ to di/+ui% a clause or h9t t is ha/ily ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce to :i* x does n prop]ly belong2 z1 ,_! enemies 7& enemies !y w always h7 w\ld h a h&le = expos+ _! measures4--,walpole4 ,to o!rs d 7! law is n sev]e7 ,:at to ?yself ?\ wi%e/ to be done4--,beattie4 ,,obs4--,! incid5tal clause %\ld be utt]$ 9 a l[] tone1 & fa/] ?an ! pr9cipal s5t5ce4 ,x always requires a pause z great z t ( a comma1 or great]4 ,,rule ,i4--,,! ,,p>5!sis4 ,a clause t breaks ! unity ( a s5t5ce or passage too mu* to be incorporat$ ) x1 & only su*1 %\ld be inclos$ )9 curves1 z a p>5!sis2 z1 ,= ,i "k t 9 me1 7t is1 9 my fle%17 dwelle? no good ?+4--,rom41 vii1 #ah4 ,"k !n ?is tru?1 7en\gh = man to "k17 ,virtue alone is happ9ess bel[4--,pope4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,includ$ ,,po9ts4 ,! curves d n sup]s$e o!r /ops2 &1 z ! p>5!sis t]m9ates ) a pause equal to t :i* prec$es x1 ! same po9t %\ld be includ$1 except :5 ! s5t5ces diff] 9 =m3 z1 #a4 ,n[ = a recomp5se 9 ! same1 7,i speak z unto my *ildr517 be ye also enl>g$4--#b ,cor41 vi1 #ac4 #b4 ,man's ?ir/ ( happ9ess decl>es x is3 7,= nature nev] gravitates to n\ght37 ,t ?ir/ unqu5*'d1 decl>es x is n "h4--,"y4 #c4 ,night visions may befri5d3 7z sung above37 ,our wak+ dreams are fatal4 ,h[ ,i dreamt ,( ?+s impossible6 7c\ld sleep d m87 ,( joys p]petual 9 p]petual *ange6--,"y4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,errors ,,conc]n+ ,,! ,,curves4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,p>5!sis4 ,ano!r is compos$ ( ! indef9ite article an1 :i*1 etymologically means "o & o!r1 & d5otes "o o!r4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! p>5!tic expression1 :i* etymologically means "o1 is n suffici5tly sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! passage4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,curves1 ,a clause t breaks ! unity ( a s5t5ce or passage too mu* to be incorporat$ ) x1 & only su*1 %\ld be enclos$ )9 curves1 z a p>5!sis4 ,!re=e1 ! curves %\ld be "h ins]t$2 & also1 by ,rule #b;d1 a comma at ! ^w "o4 ,ea* mood has its peculi> ,t5se1 ,t5ses 7or ,times74--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! expression1 or ,times1 :i* has n ! nature ( a p>5!sis1 is "h m>k$ ) curves4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #a/ = ! ,curves1 ,a clause t breaks ! unity ( a s5t5ce or passage too mu* to be incorporat$ ) x1 & only su*1 %\ld be enclos$ )9 curves1 z a p>5!sis4 ,!re=e1 ^! m>ks %\ld be omitt$2 & a comma %\ld be set aft] ! ^w ,t5ses1 by ,rule #c;d4 ,9 "s v anci5t languages1 z ! ,hebrew1 :i* h be5 employ$ *iefly = express+ pla9 s5tim5ts 9 ! pla9e/ mann]1 )\t aim+ at any elaborate l5g? or h>mony ( p]iods1 ?is pron\n ! relative occurs n s (t54--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #abg4 ,be=e ,i %all say ^? ,?+s1 7,o conscript ,fa!rs7 ab\t ! ,public ,affairs1 :i* are to be spok5 at ?is ,"t2 ,i %all lay be=e y1 9 few ,words1 ! ,motives ( ! ,j\rney1 & ! ,return4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #adi4 ,( well-*ose ,words "s take n c>e en\gh4 ,& ?9k !y %\ld be 7l ! ,subject7 r\gh4 --,ib41 p4 #agc4 ,!n hav+ %ew$ 8 w\nds1 he'd sit 7him7 d[n4 --,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,includ$ ,,po9ts4 ,!n ,jael smote ! ,nail into 8 ,temples1 & fa/5$ x to ! ,gr\nd3 7= he 0 fa/ asleep & we>y7 s he di$4 ,,old ,,te/4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ?is p>5!sis is n m>k$ z t]m9at+ ) a pause equal to t :i* prec$es x4 ,b1 accord+ to ,rule #b;d above1 ,! curves d n sup]s$e o!r /ops2 &1 z ! p>5!sis t]m9ates ) a pause equal to t :i* prec$es x1 ! same po9t %\ld be includ$1 except :5 ! s5t5ces diff] 9 =m4 ,!re=e1 a colon %\ld be ins]t$ )9 ! curve aft] we>y4 ,e ?+ 9 ! ,iliad has mann]s 7z ,ari/otle expresses x7 t is1 e ?+ is act$ or spok54--,pope1 ,pref4 to ,hom]1 p4 vi4 ,^? n\ns1 t end 9 f4 or fe 7except "s few ,i %all m5tion pres5tly71 =m plurals by *ang+ ^? lett]s into ves3 z1 ?ief1 ?ieves2 wife1 wives4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ce4 ,z1 requires z2 7express+ equality7 ,m9e is z good z y\rs4 ,z1--s2 7express+ equality7 ,z ! />s1 s %all ?y se$ be4 ,s1--z2 7) a negative express+ inequality7 ,he is n s wise z 8 bro!r4 ,s4--t2 7express+ consequ5ce7 ,i am s weak t ,i _c walk4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aac2 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #aab4 ,a capti\s "q1 sir 7& y\rs is "o17 ,des]ves an answ] simil>1 or none4--,c[p]1 ii4 #bbh4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error4 ,:atev] words ! v]b ,,to ,,be s]ves to unite ref]r+ to ! same ?+1 mu/ be ( ! same case2 #fa1 z1 ,alex&] is a /ud5t4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ge4 ,:5 ! objective is a relative or int]rogative1 x comes be=e ! v]b t gov]ns x4 #dj1 ,r4 #i4 7,murray's #f? rule is unnecess>y47--,id41 ib41 p4 #ij4 ,x is g5]ally improp] 7except 9 poetry17 to omit ! antec$5t to a relative2 & always to omit a relative :5 ( ! nom9ative case4--,id41 ib41 p4 #acj4 ,9 e s5t5ce !re mu/ be a v]b & a nom9ative 7or subject7 express$ or und]/ood4--,id41 ib41 p4 #hg2 ,pract4 ,lessons1 p4 #ia4 ,n\ns & pron\ns1 & especially words d5ot+ "t1 are (t5 gov]n$ by prepositions und]/ood2 or are us$ to re/rict v]bs or adjectives )\t a gov]n+ ^w1 #ej4 ,rem4 #f & ,rule2 z1 ,he gave 7to7 me a full acc\nt ( ! :ole affair4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hj4 ,:5 %\ld is us$ in/ead ( ought1 to express pres5t duty1 #bj1 #d1 x may be foll[$ by ! pres5t2 z1 ',y %\ld /udy t y may become le>n$4'--,id41 ib41 p4 #abc4 ,! indicative pres5t is frequ5tly us$ aft] ! words1 :51 till1 be=e1 z soon z1 aft]1 to express ! relative "t ( a future action2 7#bd1 ,i1 #d17 z1 ',:5 he comes1 he w be welcome4'--,id41 ib41 p4 #abd4 ,! relative is p>s$ by /at+ its g5d]1 numb]1 case1 & antec$5t1 7! g5d] & numb] be+ always ! same z ^? ( ! antec$5t7 ?us1 ',! boy :o4' ',:o' is a relative pron\n1 mascul9e1 s+ul>1 ! nom9ative1 & ref]s to 'boy' z its antec$5t4--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #ca4 ,n[1 n[1 ,i seize1 ,i clasp ?y *>ms1 ,& n[ y bur/2 ah6 cruel f my arms4 ,"h is an unnecess>y *ange f ! second p]son s+ul> to ! second plural4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] ?us1 ,n[1 n[ ,i seize1 ,i clasp y\r *>ms1 ,& n[ y bur/2 ah6 cruel f my arms4 --,j4 ,burn's ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,,section ,,ix4--,,! ,,o!r ,,m>ks4 ,!re are also sev]al o!r m>ks1 :i* are occasionally us$ = v>i\s purposes1 z foll[3-- ,i4 ' ,! ,,apo/rophe usually d5otes ei!r ! possessive case ( a n\n1 or ! elision ( "o or m lett]s ( a ^w3 z1 ,! girl's reg>d to h] p>5ts' advice2--'gan1 lov'd1 e'en1 ?ro'2 = began1 lov$1 ev51 ?r\gh4 ,x is sometimes us$ 9 pluraliz+ a m]e lett] or sign2 z1 ,two a's--?ree #f's4#dfg ,,ii4 - ,! ,,hyph5 connects ! p>ts ( _m comp\nd words1 especially su* z h two acc5ts2 z1 ev]-liv+4 ,x is also frequ5tly ins]t$ :]e a ^w is divid$ into syllables2 z1 con-tem-plate4 ,plac$ at ! end ( a l9e1 x %[s t "o or m syllables ( a ^w are c l$ =w>d to ! next l9e4 ,,iii4 ,! ,,di,,resis1 or ,,dialysis1 plac$ ov] ei!r ( two contigu\s v[els1 %[s t !y are n a diph?ong2 z1 ,dane1 arial4 ,,iv4 ' ,! ,,acute ,,acc5t m>ks ! syllable :i* requires ! pr9cipal /ress 9 pronunciation2 z1 e'qual1 equal'ity4 ,x is sometimes us$ 9 opposition to ! grave acc5t1 to di/+ui% a close or %ort v[el2 z1 ,fncy3 7,murray37 or to d5ote ! ris+ inflection ( ! voice2 z1 ,is x h8 ,v4 ,! ,,grave ,,acc5t is us$ 9 opposition to ! acute1 to di/+ui% an op5 or long v[el2 z1 ,fv\r3 7,murray37 or to d5ote ! fall+ inflection ( ! voice2 z1 ,ys2 x is h ,x is sometimes plac$ ov] a v[el to %[ t x is n to be suppress$ 9 pronunciation2 z1 ,let me1 ?\gh 9 humble spee*1 ,?y ref9d maxims tea*4--,am]4 ,review1 ,may1 #ahdh4 ,,vi4 ,! ,,circumflex g5]ally d5otes ei!r ! broad s\nd ( a or an unusual s\nd giv5 to "s o!r v[el2 z 9 ll1 hir1 ma*ne4 ,"s use x to m>k a peculi> wave ( ! voice1 & :5 occasion requires1 rev]se x2 z1 ,if y said so1 !n ,i said s4 ,,vii4 ,! ,,breve1 or ,,/5otone1 is us$ to d5ote ei!r ! close1 %ort1 %ut s\nd ( a v[el1 or a syllable ( %ort quantity2 z1 live1 to h life1--rav'en1 to dev\r1#dfh--;calamu1 a re$4 ,,viii4 ,! ,,macron1 or ,,macrotone1#dfi is us$ to d5ote ei!r ! op51 long1 primal s\nd ( a v[el1 or a syllable ( long quantity2 z1 live1 hav+ life1--ra'v51 a bird1--e'quine1 ( a horse4 ,,ix4 ---- or 99 99 99 99 or 4444 ,! ,,ellipsis1 or ,,suppression1 d5otes ! omission ( "s lett]s or words3 z1 ,k--g1 = ,k+2 c99999999d1 = c[>d2 d4444d1 = damn$4 ,x4 ,! ,,c>et1 us$ only 9 writ+1 %[s :]e to ins]t words or lett]s t h be5 accid5tally omitt$4 ,,xi ,! ,,brace s]ves to unite a triplet2 or1 m frequ5tly1 to connect sev]al t]ms ) some?+ to :i* !y are all relat$4 ,,xii4 ,! ,,section m>ks ! small] divisions ( a book or *apt]2 &1 ) ! help ( numb]s1 s]ves to abridge ref]5ces4 ,,xiii4 ,! ,,p>agraph 7*iefly us$ 9 ! ,bible7 d5otes ! comm5cem5t ( a new subject4 ,! p>ts ( disc\rse :i* are call$ p>agraphs1 are1 9 g5]al1 suffici5tly di/+ui%$ by beg9n+ a new l9e1 & c>ry+ ! fir/ ^w a little =w>ds or backw>ds4 ,! p>agraphs ( books be+ 9 "s in/ances numb]$1 ?is "* may occasionally be us$1 9 lieu ( ! ^w p>agraph1 to %ort5 ref]5ces4 ,,xiv4 ,! ,,guillemets1 or ,,quotation ,,po9ts1 di/+ui% words t are exhibit$ z ^? ( an o!r au?or or speak]4 ,a quotation )9 a quotation1 is usually m>k$ ) s+le po9ts2 :i*1 :5 bo? are employ$1 are plac$ )9 ! o!rs3 z1 ,& aga9 he sai?1 ',rejoice1 ye ,g5tiles1 ) 8 p4'--,rom41 xv1 #aj4 ,,xv4 ,! ,,crot*ets1 or ,,brackets1 g5]ally inclose "s correction or explanation1 b sometimes ! sign or subject to be expla9$2 z1 ,he ,mr4 ,maurice 0 ( a diff]5t op9ion4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #bac4 ,,xvi4 ,fi/ ,! ,,index1 or ,,h&1 po9ts out some?+ rem>kable1 or :at ! read] %\ld p>ticul>ly obs]ve4 ,,xvii4 99 ,! ,,a/]isk1 or ,,/>1 ,dagg] ! ,,obelisk1 or ,,dagg]1 ,d\ble dagg] ! ,,diesis1 or ,,d\ble ,,dagg]1 & ! ,,p>allels1 ref] to m>g9al notes4 ,! ,,section also 1 & ! ,,p>agraph 1 are (t5 us$ = m>ks ( ref]5ce1 ! =m] be+ usually appli$ to ! f\r?1 & ! latt] to ! six? note on a page2 =1 by ! usage ( pr9t]s1 ^! signs are commonly introduc$ 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 #a1 992 #b1 ,dagg]2 #c1 ,d\ble dagg]2 #d1 2 #e1 2 #f1 2 #g1 99992 #h1 ,dagg],dagg]2 c4 ,:]e _m ref]5ces are to be made1 ! small lett]s ( ! alphabet1 or ! num]ical figures1 9 _! ord]1 may be conv5i5tly us$ = ! same purpose4 ,,xviii4 ,a/]ism ,! ,,a/]ism1 or ,,?ree ,,/>s1 a sign n v (t5 us$1 is plac$ be=e a long or g5]al note1 to m>k x z a note1 )\t giv+ x a p>ticul> ref]5ce4 ,,xix4 1 ,! ,,c$illa is a m>k borr[$ f ! ,fr5*1 by :om x is plac$ "u ! lett] c1 to give x ! s\nd ( s1 be=e a or o2 z 9 ! words1 faade1 ,al5on4 ,9 ,worce/]'s ,diction>y1 x is atta*$ to ?ree o!r lett]s1 to d5ote _! s(t s\nds3 viz41 1,g z ,j2 1,s z ,z2 1x z gz4 ,fi/,oral ex]cises 9 punctuation %\ld n be conf9$ to ! correction ( errors4 ,an application ( its pr9ciples to po9ts rightly ins]t$1 is z easy a process z t ( ord9>y syntactical p>s+1 & p]haps z useful4 ,= ?is purpose1 ! tea*] may select a portion ( ?is gramm>1 or ( any well-po9t$ book1 to :i* ! =ego+ rules & explanations may be appli$ by ! pupil1 z reasons = ! po9ts t occur4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,punctuation4--,,mix$ ,,examples ,,( ,,error4 ,! pr9cipal /ops are ! foll[+3-- ,! ,comma 717 ! semicolon 727 ! colon 737 ! p]iod1 or fall /op 747 ! note ( int]rogation 787 ! note ( exclamation 767 ! p>5!sis 77 & ! da% 7--7 4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aea2 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #abg4 ,! mod]n punctuation 9 ,lat9 is ! same z 9 ,engli%4 ,! m>ks employ$1 are ! ,comma 7172 ,semicolon 7272 ,colon 7372 ,p]iod 7472 ,int]rogation 7872 ,exclamation 7674--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,plato reprov+ a "y man = play+ at "s *ildi% game2 y *ide me1 says ! y\?1 = a trifl+ fault4 ,cu/om1 repli$ ! philosoph]1 is no trifle4 ,&1 adds ,montagnie1 he 0 9 ! "r2 = our vices beg9 9 infancy4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 7,n4 ,y4 #ahah17 p4 #ed4 ,a m]*ant at sea ask$ ! skipp] :at dea? 8 fa!r di$8 ',my fa!r1' says ! skipp]1 my gr&fa!r1 & my great-gr&fa!r1 7 all dr[n$4 ',well1' replies ! m]*ant1 & are n y afraid ( be+ dr[n$ too8'--,ib41 p4 #ace4 ,! use ( inv]t$ comma's d]ives f ,france1 :]e "o ,guillemet 0 ! au?or ( !m2 & z an ackn[l$gem5t = ! improvem5t 8 c\ntrym5 call !m aft] 8 "n ,,guillemets4--,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+1 7,london1 #aggj17 p4 #bff4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is seldem sic--,,k? if ev] done unless ! ^w foll[+ ! possessive beg9s ) s2 ?us we d n say1 '! pr9ce' fea!r1' b1 '! pr9ce's fea!r4'--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,& ?is phrase mu/ mean ! fea!r ( ! pr9ce b pr9cesfea!r writt5 z "o ^w is ! "n ( a plant3 a species ( am>an?4--,see ,key4 ,b?ius soon _h ! satisfaction ( obta9+ ! highe/ hon\r 8 c\ntry c\ld be/[4--,+]soll's ,gram4 #abmo41 p4 #bgi4 ,boe?ius soon _h1 c4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 ii41 p4 #hc4 ,:5 an example1 a quotation1 or a spee* is introduc$1 x is sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce ei!r by a semicolon or a colon2 z1 ',! scriptures give u an amiable repres5tation ( ! ,deity1 9 ^! words2 ,god is love4'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,ei!r ! colon or semicolon may be us$ :5 an example1 a quotation1 or a spee* is introduc$2 z1 ',always rememb] ?is anci5t maxim2 ,"k ?yself4' ',! scriptures give u an amiable repres5tation ( ! ,deity1 9 ^! words3 ,god is love4'--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a quotation1 introduc$ aft] a colon 1 mu/ beg9 ) a capital2 z1 always rememb] ?is anci5t maxim3 ',"k ?yself4'-- ,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aei2 ,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,l5nie has ,always ) a capital4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a quotation1 introduc$ aft] a colon1 or :5 x is 9 a direct =m3 z1 ',always rememb] ?is anci5t maxim3 ,"k ?yself4' ',our great lawgiv] says1 ,take up ?y cross daily1 & foll[ me4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bhd4 #h4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a quotation1 introduc$ aft] a colon1 or :5 x is 9 a direct =m4 ,,examples4--',always rememb] ?is anci5t maxim1 ',"k ?yself4' ',our great ,lawgiv] says1 ,take up ?y cross daily1 & foll[ me4'--,weld's ,gram41 ,abridg$41 p4 #ag ,tell me 9 ^: h\se d y live4--,n4 ,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,he1 t acts wisely1 des]ves praise4--,ib41 p4 #ej ,he1 :o /eals my purse1 /eals tra%4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,! antec$5t is sometimes omitt$1 z1 ',:o /eals my purse1 /eals tra%2' t is1 he :o1 or p]son :o4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,?us1 ',:oev] /eals my purse /eals tra%2' ',:oev] does no good does h>m4'--,ib41 p4 #ec ,?us1 ',:oev] s9s w suff]4' ,?is means t any "o )\t exception :o s9s w suff]4--,ib41 p4 #ec4 ,lett]s =m syllables1 syllables words1 words s5t5ces1 & s5t5ces1 comb9$ & connect$ =m disc\rse4--,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,practical ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,a lett] :i* =ms a p]fect s\nd1 :5 utt]$ by itself1 is call$ a v[el1 z3 a1 e1 i4--,ib41 p4 #a4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( an individual1 z3 ,john2 ,bo/on3 ,hudson2 ,am]ica4--,ib41 p4 #ag4 ,_m m5 h be5 capable ( do+ a wise ?+1 m a cunn+ ?+1 b v few a g5]\s ?+4--,p4 ,davis's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,9 ! place ( an ellipsis ( ! v]b a comma mu/ be ins]t$4--,ib41 p4 #aba4 ,a common n\n unlimit$ by an article is sometimes und]/ood 9 its broade/ acceptation3 ?us1 ',fi%es swim' is und]/ood to mean all fi%es4 ',man is mortal1' all m54--,ib41 p4 #ac4 ,?us ^? s\nds =m$ pr9cipally by ! ?roat are call$ gutturals4 ,^? =m$ pr9cipally by ! palate are call$ palatals4 ,^? =m$ by ! tee?1 d5tals--^? by ! lips1 labials--^? by ! nose1 nasals1 c4--,p4 ,davis's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,"s adjectives are comp>$ irregul>ly2 z1 ,good1 bett]1 be/4 ,bad1 worse1 wor/4 ,little1 less1 lea/4--,felton's ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #fc2 ,/]4 ,ed41 p4 #ff4 ,"u ! f\r? head ( gramm>1 !re=e1 f\r topics w be consid]$1 viz4 ,,punctuation1 ,,or?oepy1 ,,figures1 & ,,v]sification4-- ,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #afa4 ,direct h] onw>d to t peaceful %ore1 ,:]e p]il1 pa9 & dea? are felt no m6 ,falcon]'s ,poems1 p4 #acf2 ,b>rett's ,new ,gram41 p4 #id ,,bad ,,engli% ,,badly ,,po9t$4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,discov]ies ( su* a "* are sometimes made 9 gramm> also1 & su*1 too1 is (t5 _! orig9 & _! end4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aia4 ,trav]se1 7to cross47 ,to d5y :at ! opposite p>ty has alleg$4 ,to trav]se an indictm5t1 c4 is to d5y x4--,id41 ib41 p4 #baf4 ,! ,ord9al num]als d5ote ! ord] or succession 9 :i* any numb] ( p]sons or ?+s is m5tion$1 z fir/1 second1 ?ird1 f\r?1 c4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,n\ns h ?ree p]sons1 ,,fir/1 ,,second1 & ,,?ird4 ,! ,fir/ p]son is ! speak]1 ! ,second is ! "o spok5 to1 ! ,?ird is ! "o spok5 (4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,n\ns h ?ree cases1 ,,nom9ative1 ,,possessive1 & ,,objective4 ,! relation indicat$ by ! case ( a n\n includes ?ree ideas1 viz3 ^? ( subject1 object1 & own]%ip4--,ib41 p4 #de4 ,9 speak+ ( animals t are ( inf]ior size1 or ^: sex is n kn[n or n reg>d$1 !y are (t5 consid]$ z )\t sex3 ?us1 we say ( a cat 'x is trea*]\s1' ( an infant 'x is beautiful1' ( a de] 'x 0 kill$4'--,ib41 p4 #ci4 ,:5 ?is or ^!1 t or ^?1 ref]s to a prec$+ s5t5ce2 ?is1 or ^!1 ref]s to ! latt] memb] or t]m2 t1 or ^?1 to ! =m]4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #acf2 see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,! re>+ ( !m i4 e4 ( plants became 8 fir/ c>e1 _! fruit 8 fir/ food1 & m>k+ _! k9ds 8 fir/ k4--,n4 ,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,aft] ! p]iod us$ ) abbreviations we %\ld employ o!r po9ts1 if ! con/ruction dem&s x2 ?us1 aft] ,esq4 9 ! la/ example1 !re %\ld be1 besides a p]iod1 a comma4--,ib41 p4 #bab4 ,9 ! plural1 ! v]b is ! same 9 all ! p]sons2 & h5ce ! pr9ciple 9 ,rem4 #e1 "u ,rule iii4 t ! fir/ or second p]son takes prec$5ce1 is n applicable to v]bs4--,ib41 p4 #aeh4 ,rex & ,tyrannus are ( v diff]5t *>act]s4 ,! "o rules 8 p by laws to :i* !y cons5t2 ! o!r1 by 8 absolute w & p[]3 t is call$ fre$om1 ?is1 tyranny4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aij4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 :i* c be kn[n1 or m5tion$1 z3 ,george2 ,london2 ,am]ica2 goodness2 *>ity4--,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,etymology treats ( ! classification ( words2 _! v>i\s modifications & d]ivations4--,day's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #i4 ,to punctuate correctly implies a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! mean+ ( words & phrases1 z well z ( all _! correspond+ connexions--,w4 ,day's ,punctuation1 p4 #ca4 ,all objects :i* belong to nei!r ! male nor female k9d are call$ neut]4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #eg4 ,all objects1 :i* belong to nei!r ! male nor female k9d1 are said to be ( ! neut] g5d]4--,weld's ,gram41 ,abridg$1 p4 #ea4 ,! ,analysis ( ! ,s\nds 9 ! ,engli% language pres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ /atem5ts are suffici5tly exact = ! purpose 9 h&4 ,^? :o wi% to pursue x fur!r c consult ,dr4 ,ru%'s admirable "w1 ',! ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,voice4'--,f[l]s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 #fe4 ,nobody conf\nds ! "n ( w or y ) _! s\nd or phonetic import4--,ib41 #gd4 ,ord] is ,heav5's fir/ law2 & ?is confe/1 ,"s are & mu/ be1 great] ?an ! re/4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,9 adjectives ( "o syllable1 ! ,comp>ative is =m$ by add+ -er to ! positive2 & ! ,sup]lative by add+ -e/2 z1 sweet1 sweet]1 sweete/4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,9 monosyllables ! comp>ative is =m$ by add+ er or r to ! positive1 & ! sup]lative by add+ e/ or /2 z1 tall1 tall]1 talle/2 wise1 wis]1 wise/4--,id41 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #bd4 ,by ?is me?od ! confusion & unnecess>y labor occasion$ by /udy+ gramm>s 9 ^! languages1 con/ruct$ on diff]5t pr9ciples is avoid$1 ! /udy ( "o is r5d]$ a pr(itable introduction to ! /udy ( ano!r1 & an opportunity is furni%$ to ! enquir+ /ud5t ( comp>+ ! languages 9 _! grammatical /ructure1 & see+ at once :]e9 !y agree1 & :]e9 !y diff]4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 ,pref4 to #e? ,ed41 p4 vii4 ,no l>g] portion %\ld be assign$ = ea* recitation ?an ! class c easily ma/]1 & till ?is is done1 a new portion %\ld n be giv5 out4--,id41 ib41 p4 viii4 ,! acquisitions made 9 e new lesson %\ld be rivett$ & secur$ by repeat$ revisals4--,id41 ib41 p4 viii4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns may be p>s$ briefly ?us2 ,i1 ! fir/ p]sonal pron\n1 mascul9e 7or fem99e71 s+ul>1 ! nom9ative4 ,81 ! ?ird p]sonal pron\n1 mascul9e1 s+ul>1 ! possessive1 c4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bc3 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #bh4 ,:5 ! male & female are express$ by di/9ct t]ms2 z1 %eph]d1 %eph]dess1 ! mascul9e t]m has also a g5]al mean+1 express+ bo? male & female1 & is always to be us$ :5 ! (fice1 occupation1 pr(ession1 c41 & n ! sex ( ! individual1 is *iefly to be express$4 ,! fem99e t]m is us$ only :5 ! discrim9ation1 ( sex is indisp5sably necess>y4 ,?us1 :5 x is said '! ,poets ( ?is c\ntry are di/+ui%$ by correctness ( ta/e1' ! t]m ',poet' cle>ly includes bo? male & female writ]s ( poetry4--,id41 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ab2 8 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #bd4 ,n\ns & pron\ns1 connect$ by conjunctions1 mu/ be 9 ! same cases4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,v]bs1 connect$ by conjunctions1 mu/ be 9 ! same moods & t5ses1 &1 :5 9 ! subjunctive pres5t1 !y mu/ be 9 ! same =m4--,ib41 p4 #aab4 ,?is w habituate him to reflection--ex]cise 8 judgm5t on ! mean+ ( ! au?or1 & )\t any great ef=t on 8 "p1 impress indelibly on 8 memory1 ! rules :i* he is requir$ to give4 ,aft] ! ex]cises "u ! rule h be5 gone ?r\gh z direct$ 9 ! note page #if1 !y may be read ov] aga9 9 a correct$ /ate ! pupil mak+ an emphasis on ! correction made1 or !y may be pres5t$ 9 writ+ at ! next recitation4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed4 ,revis$ & ,cor41 p4 viii4 ,man1 b = t1 no action c\ld att5d ,& b = ?is1 be ?\ghtful to no end4 --,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 ,pref4 p4 #e4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ',johnson ! booksell] & /ation]1' indicates t ! booksell] & ! /ation] are epi!ts belong+ to ! same p]son2 '! booksell] & ! /ation]' w\ld indicate t !y belong to diff]5t p]sons4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,pa/ is an adjective2 pass$1 ! pa/ t5se or p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b1 & !y ought n1 z is frequ5tly done1 to be conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r4--,id41 ib41 p4 #adh4 ,n only ! nature ( ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts1 b ! v selection & arrangem5t ( ! words1 gives ,engli% poetry a "*1 :i* sep>ates x widely f common prose4--,id41 ib41 p4 #agh4 ,m5 ( s\nd1 discrim9at+1 & philosophical m9ds--m5 prep>$ = ! "w by long /udy1 pati5t inve/igation1 & ext5sive acquirem5ts1 h labor$ = ages to improve & p]fect x1 & no?+ is haz>d$ 9 ass]t+1 t %\ld x be unwisely ab&on$1 x w be long be=e ano!r equal 9 beauty1 /ability & usefulness1 be produc$ 9 its /ead4--,id41 ib41 p4 #aia4 ,! ,article ,!1 on ! o!r h&1 is us$ to re/rict1 & is !re=e t]m$ ,def9ite4 ,its prop] (fice is to call ! att5tion to a p>ticul> individual or class1 or to any numb] ( su*1 & is us$ ) n\ns 9 ei!r ! s+ul> or plural numb]4--,id41 ib41 p4 #aic4 ,h5ce also ! inf9itive mood1 a p>ticiple1 a memb] ( a s5t5ce1 or a proposition1 =m+ toge!r ! subject ( disc\rse1 or ! object ( a v]b or preposition1 & be+ ! "n ( an act or circum/ance1 are 9 con/ruction1 reg>d$ z n\ns1 & are usually call$ 'sub/antive phrases2' z ',to play is pleasant1' ',8 be+ an exp]t danc] is no recomm5dation1' ',let y\r motto be ,hone/y is ! be/ policy4'--,id41 ib41 p4 #aid4 ,9 accordance ) 8 def9ition1 ,murray has divid$ v]bs into ?ree classes1 ,active1 ,passive1 & ,neut]1 & includes 9 ! fir/ class transitive v]bs only1 & 9 ! la/ all v]bs us$ intransitively--,id41 ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,moreov]1 z ! "n ( ! speak] or ! p]son spok5 to is seldom express$1 7! pron\ns ,i & ?\ be+ us$ 9 its /ead17 a n\n is v seldom 9 ! fir/ p]son1 n (t5 9 ! second1 & almo/ nev] 9 ei!r1 unless x be a prop] n\n1 or a common n\n p]sonifi$4--,bullions1 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #ac4 ,9 us+ ! above ex]cises x w save mu* "t1 :i* is all important1 if ! pupil be taught to say e ?+ belong+ to ! n\ns 9 ! fewe/ words possible1 & to say !m always 9 ! same ord] z above4--,id41 ib41 p4 #ba4 ,9 any phrase or s5t5ce ! adjectives qualify+ a n\n may g5]ally be f\nd by prefix+ ! phrase ',:at k9d (1' to ! n\n 9 ! =m ( a "q2 z1 ,:at k9d ( a horse8 ,:at k9d ( a /one8 ,:at k9d ( a way8 ,! ^w conta9+ ! answ] to ! "q is an adjective4--,id41 ib41 p4 #bb4 ,9 ! foll[+ ex]cise let ! pupil fir/ po9t out ! n\ns1 & !n ! adjectives2 & tell h[ he kn[s !m to be s4--,id41 ib41 p4 #bc4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces po9t out ! improp] ellipsis4 ,%[ :y x is improp]1 & correct x4--,id41 ib41 p4 #abd4 ,,s+ul> ,,pron\ns4 ,,plural ,,pron\ns4 #a4 ,i--am be+ smitt54 #a4 ,we--are be+ smitt54 #b4 ,?\--art be+ smitt54 #b4 ,ye or y--are be+ smitt54 #c4 ,he--is be+ smitt54 #c4 ,!y--are be+ smitt54 ,wright's ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #ih4 ,,*apt] ,,ii--,,utt]ance4 ,utt]ance ,is ! art or act ( vocal expression4 ,x includes ! pr9ciples ( articulation1 ( pronunciation1 & ( elocution4 ,,section ,i4--,,( ,,articulation4 ,articulation is ! =m+ ( words2 by ! voice1 ) ref]5ce to _! compon5t lett]s & s\nds4 ,,article ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,def9ition4 ,articulation diff]s f pronunciation1 9 hav+ m p>ticul> reg>d to ! elem5ts ( words1 & 9 n embrac+ acc5t#dgj4 ,a rec5t au?or def9es x ?us3 ,,articulation is ! act ( =m+1 ) ! organs ( spee*1 ! elem5ts ( vocal language4--,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #af4 ,& aga93 ,a good articulation is ! p]fect utt]ance ( ! elem5ts ( vocal language4--,ibid4 ,an o!r describes x m elaborately ?us3 ,,articulation1 9 language1 is ! =m+ ( ! human voice1 accompani$ by ! brea?1 9 "s few consonants1 into ! simple & comp\nd s\nds1 call$ v[els1 consonants1 & diph?ongs1 by ! assi/ance ( ! organs ( spee*2 & ! unit+ ( ^? v[els1 consonants1 & diph?ongs1 toge!r1 s z to =m syllables & words1 & con/itute spok5 language4--,bolles's ,dict41 ,introd41 p4 #g4 ,,article ,,ii--,,( ,,good ,,articulation4 ,correctness 9 articulation is ( su* importance1 t )\t x spee* or read+ becomes n only inelegant1 b (t5 absolutely un9telligible4 ,! opposite faults are mumbl+1 mutt]+1 m9c+1 lisp+1 slurr+1 m\?+1 drawl+1 hesitat+1 /amm]+1 misread+1 & ! l4 ,a good articulation consi/s 9 giv+ e lett] 9 a syllable its due proportion ( s\nd1 accord+ to ! mo/ approv$ cu/om ( pron\nc+ x2 & 9 mak+ su* a di/9ction betwe5 ! syllables ( :i* words are compos$1 t ! e> %all )\t difficulty ackn[l$ge _! numb]2 & p]ceive1 at once1 to :i* syllable ea* lett] belongs4 ,:]e ^! po9ts are n obs]v$1 ! articulation is proportionably defective4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gramm>1 p4 #ej4 ,di/9ctness ( articulation dep5ds1 prim>ily1 ^u ! ability to =m ! simple elem5ts1 or s\nds ( lett]s1 by ! organs ( spee*1 9 ! mann] :i* ! cu/om ( ! language dem&s2 &1 9 ! next place1 ^u ! avoidance ( t precipitancy ( utt]ance1 :i* is great] ?an ! full & accurate play ( ! organs w all[4 ,if "t be n giv5 = ! full enunciation ( any ^w :i* we attempt to speak1 "s ( ! syllables w ( c\rse be ei!r lo/ by elision or s\nd$ confus$ly4 ,j articulation gives ev5 to a feeble voice great] p[] & rea* ?an ! l\de/ vocif]ation c atta9 )\t x4 ,x deliv]s words f ! lips1 n mutilat$1 di/ort$1 or corrupt$1 b z ! ackn[l$g$ /]l+ curr5cy ( ?\ght2--z beautiful co9s newly issu$ f ! m9t1 deeply & accurately impress$1 p]fectly f9i%$1 neatly /ruck by ! prop] organs1 di/9ct1 %>p1 9 due succession1 & ( due weight4--,au/9's ,*ironomia1 p4 #ch4 ,,obs4--,! pr9ciples ( articulation con/itute ! *ief ex]cise ( all ^? :o are le>n+ ei!r to speak or to read4 ,s f> z !y are specifically taught 9 ?is "w1 !y w be f\nd 9 ^? sections :i* treat ( ! p[]s ( ! lett]s4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,( ,,pronunciation4 ,pronunciation1 z di/+ui%$ f elocution1 or deliv]y1 is ! utt]ance ( words tak5 sep>ately4 ,! correct pronunciation ( words1 or t "p ( gramm> :i* tea*es x1 is frequ5tly call$ ,or?opy4 ,pronunciation1 or or?opy1 requires a k ( ! j p[]s ( ! lett]s 9 all _! comb9ations2 ( ! di/9ction ( quantity 9 v[els & syllables2 & ( ! =ce & seat ( ! acc5t4 ,,article ,i--,,( ,,! ,,p[]s ,,( ,,lett]s4 ,! ,,j ,,p[]s ( ! lett]s1 are ^? s\nds :i* are giv5 to !m by ! be/ read]s4 ,^! are to be le>n$1 z read+ is le>n$1 p>tly f example1 & p>tly f su* books z %[ or aid ! pronunciation ( words4 ,x is to be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t consid]able v>iety1 ev5 9 ! p[]s ( ! lett]s1 is produc$ by ! "* & occasion ( :at is utt]$4 ,x is notic$ by ,walk]1 t1 ,"s ( ! v[els1 :5 nei!r "u ! acc5t1 nor clos$ by a consonant1 h a long] or a %ort]1 an op5] or a clos] s\nd1 accord+ to ! solemnity or famili>ity1 ! delib]ation or rapidity ( our deliv]y4--,pron\nc+ ,dict41 ,preface1 p4 #d4 ,9 cursory spee*1 or 9 su* read+ z imitates x1 ev5 ! be/ s*ol>s utt] _m lett]s ) quick] & obscur] s\nds ?an ought ev] to be giv5 !m 9 solemn disc\rse4 ,9 public speak+1 says ,ripp+ham1 e ^w %\ld be utt]$1 z ?\gh x 7 spok5 s+ly4 ,! solemnity ( an oration ju/ifies & dem&s su* scrupul\s di/9ctness4 ,t c>eful pronunciation :i* w\ld be ridicul\sly p$antic 9 colloquial int]c\rse1 is an ess5tial requisite ( good elocution4--,art ( ,public ,speak+1 p4 xxxvii4 ,,article ,,ii--,,( ,,quantity4 ,,quantity1 or ,,"t 9 pronunciation1 is ! measure ( s\nds or syllables 9 reg>d to _! duration2 &1 by way ( di/9ction1 is suppos$ ev] to det]m9e !m to be ei!r long or %ort4#dga ,! absolute "t 9 :i* syllables are utt]$1 is v v>iable1 & mu/ be diff]5t to suit diff]5t subjects1 passions1 & occasions2 b _! relative l5g? or %ortness may nev]!less be pres]v$1 & g5]ally mu/ be1 especially 9 recit+ poetry4 ,our long syllables are *iefly ^? :i*1 hav+ s\nds naturally capable ( be+ l5g!n$ at pleasure1 are made long by fall+ "u "s /ress ei!r ( acc5t or ( emphasis4 ,our %ort syllables are ! weak] s\nds1 :i*1 be+ ! less significant words1 or p>ts ( words1 are utt]$ )\t peculi> /ress4 ,,obs4--,z quantity is *iefly to be reg>d$ 9 ! utt]ance ( poetical compositions1 ?is subject w be f>!r consid]$ "u ! head ( ,v]sification4 ,,article ,,iii4--,,( ,,acc5t4 ,,acc5t1 z commonly und]/ood1 is ! peculi> /ress :i* we lay ^u "s p>ticul> syllable ( a ^w1 :]eby t syllable is di/+ui%$ f & above ! re/2 z1 gram'-m>1 gram-ma'-ri-an4 ,e ^w ( m ?an "o syllable1 has "o ( its syllables acc5t$2 & sometimes a comp\nd ^w has two acc5ts1 ne>ly equal 9 =ce2 z1 e'v5-h&'ed1 home'-dep>t'm5t4#dgb ,besides ! *ief or prim>y acc5t1 :5 ! ^w is long1 = ! sake ( h>mony or di/9ctness1 we (t5 give a second>y or less =cible acc5t to an o!r syllable2 z1 to ! la/ ( tem'-p]-a-ture'1 & to ! second ( 9 dem'-ni-fi-ca'-tion4 ,acc5t seems to be regulat$1 9 a great measure1 by etymology4 ,9 words f ! ,saxon1 ! acc5t is g5]ally on ! root2 9 words f ! le>n$ languages1 x is g5]ally on ! t]m9ation2 & if to ^! we add ! diff]5t acc5t we lay on "s words1 to di/+ui% !m f o!rs1 we seem to h ! ?ree great pr9ciples ( acc5tuation2 namely1 ! radical1 ! t]m9ational1 & ! di/9ctive4--,walk]'s ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #dia2 ,l4 ,murray's ,gramm>1 #hvo1 p4 #bcf4 ,a full & op5 pronunciation ( ! long v[el s\nds1 a cle> articulation ( ! consonants1 a =cible & well-plac$ acc5t1 & a di/9ct utt]ance ( ! unacc5t$ syllables1 di/+ui% ! elegant speak]4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! pronunciation ( ! ,engli% language is confess$ly v difficult to be ma/]$4 ,its rules & _! exceptions are s num]\s1 t few become ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) any g5]al sy/em ( !m4 ,nor1 among ! diff]5t sy/ems :i* h be5 publi%$1 is !re any :i* is wor?y 9 all respects to be acc\nt$ a ,,/&>d4 ,&1 if we appeal to cu/om1 ! cu/om ev5 ( ! be/ speak]s is f> f an entire uni=mity4 ,p]haps ! mo/ popul> directory on ?is subject is ,walk]'s ,critical ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y4 ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,pronunciation1 :i* ?is au?or has furni%$1 occupy fifty-six closely-pr9t$ octavo pages1 & are /ill insuffici5t = ! purpose ( tea*+ our or?opy by rule4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 highly valuable1 & ought to be consult$ by e "o :o wi%es to be ma/] ( ?is subject4 ,9 its vocabul>y1 or /ock ( words1 ?is ,diction>y is likewise defici5t4 ,o!r lexicograph]s h produc$ sev]al lat] works1 ( high value to ! /ud5t2 &1 ?\gh no "o has treat$ ! subject ( pronunciation s elaborately z did ,walk]1 "s may h giv5 ! results ( _! dilig5ce 9 a =m m useful to ! g5]ality ( _! consult]s4 ,among ! good ones1 is ! ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y ( ,joseph ,e4 ,worce/]4 ,,obs4 #b4--,our mod]n acc5tuation ( ,greek or ,lat9 words is regulat$ almo/ :olly by ! not$ rule ( ,sanctius1 :i* ,walk] has copi$ & ,engli%$ 9 ! ,introduction to 8 ,key1 & ( :i* ! foll[+ is a new v]sion or p>aphrase1 nev] be=e pr9t$3 ,,rule ,,= ,,! ,,acc5t+ ,,( ,,lat94 ,"o syllable has /ress ( c\rse1 ,& words ( two ! fir/ en=ce2 ,9 long] words ! p5ult guides1 ,its quantity ! po9t decides2 ,if long1 'tis !re ! acc5t's due1 ,if %ort1 acc5t ! la/ b two2 ,= acc5t1 9 a ,lat9 ^w1 ,%\ld ne'er g high] ?an ! ?ird4 ,?is rule1 or ! sub/ance ( x1 has become v important by long & ext5sive use2 b x %\ld be obs]v$1 t /ress on monosyllables is m prop]ly emphasis ?an acc5t2 & t1 9 ,engli%1 ! acc5t gov]ns quantity1 r ?an quantity ! acc5t4 ,,section ,,iii4--,,( ,,elocution4 ,elocution is ! graceful utt]ance ( words t are arrang$ into s5t5ces1 & t =m disc\rse4 ,elocution requires a k1 & "r application1 ( emphasis1 pauses1 inflections1 & tones4 ,,article ,i--,,( ,,emphasis4 ,,emphasis is ! peculi> /ress ( voice :i* we lay ^u "s p>ticul> ^w or words 9 a s5t5ce1 :i* are !reby di/+ui%$ f ! re/ z be+ m especially significant4#dgc ,z acc5t en=ces a syllable1 & gives "* to a ^w2 s emphasis di/+ui%es a ^w1 & (t5 det]m9es ! import ( a s5t5ce4 ,! "r plac+ ( acc5t1 9 ! utt]ance ( words1 is !re=e n m important1 ?an ! "r plac+ ( emphasis1 9 ! utt]ance ( s5t5ces4 ,if no emphasis be us$1 disc\rse becomes vapid & inane2 if no acc5t1 words c h>dly be recogniz$ z ,engli%4 ,emphasis1 besides its o!r (fices1 is ! great regulator ( quantity4 ,?\gh ! quantity ( our syllable is fix$1 9 words sep>ately pron\nc$1 yet x is mutable1 :5 ! words are arrang$ 9to s5t5ces2 ! long be+ *ang$ into %ort1 ! %ort into long1 accord+ to ! importance ( ! words ) reg>d to mean+3 &1 z x is by emphasis only1 t ! mean+ c be po9t$ out1 emphasis mu/ be ! regulator ( ! quantity4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bdf4dgd ,emphasis *anges1 n only ! quantity ( words & syllables1 b also1 9 p>ticul> cases1 ! s5t ( ! acc5t4 ,?is is demon/rable f ! foll[+ examples3 ',he %all 9crease1 b ,i %all decrease4' ',!re is a diff]5ce betwe5 giv+ & =giv+4' ',9 ?is species ( composition1 plausibility is mu* m ess5tial ?an probability4' ,9 ^! examples1 ! emphasis requires ! acc5t to be plac$ on syllables to :i* x does n commonly belong4--,ib41 p4 #bdg4 ,9 ord] to "k :at words are to be made emphatic1 ! speak] or read] mu/ give con/ant he$ to ! s5se ( :at he utt]s2 8 only sure guide1 9 ?is matt]1 be+ a j conception ( ! =ce & _s ( ! s5tim5t :i* he is ab\t to pron\nce4 ,he mu/ also gu>d aga9/ ! error ( multiply+ emphatic words too mu*2 =1 to ov]do 9 ?is way1 defeats ! v purpose = :i* emphasis is us$4 ,to manage ?is /ress ) exact propriety1 is !re=e "o ( ! sure/ evid5ces bo? ( a quick und]/&+1 & ( a delicate & j ta/e4 ,,article ,,ii4--,,( ,,pauses4 ,pauses are cessations 9 utt]ance1 :i* s]ve equally to relieve ! speak]1 & to r5d] language intelligible & pleas+4 ,pauses are ( ?ree k9ds3 fir/1 di/9ctive or s5t5tial pauses1--su* z =m ! divisions requir$ by ! s5se2 secondly1 emphatic or rhetorical pauses1--su* z p>ticul>ly call ! he>]'s att5tion to some?+ :i* has be51 or is ab\t to be1 utt]$2 & la/ly1 poetical or h>monic pauses1--su* z are peculi> to ! utt]ance ( metrical compositions4 ,! duration ( ! di/9ctive pauses %\ld be proportionate to ! degree ( connexion betwe5 ! p>ts ( ! disc\rse4 ,! %orte/ are long en\gh = ! tak+ ( "s brea?2 & x is prop]1 ?us to relieve ! voice at e /op1 if ne$ful4 ,?is we may d1 slightly at a comma1 m leisurely at a semicolon1 /ill m s at a colon1 & completely at a p]iod4 ,pauses1 :e!r 9 read+ or 9 public disc\rse1 ought always to be =m$ aft] ! mann] 9 :i* we naturally =m !m 9 ord9>y1 s5sible conv]sation2 & n aft] ! /iff1 artificial mann] :i* _m acquire at s*ool1 by a m]e me*anical att5tion to ! common punctuation4 ,=c$1 un9t5tional pauses1 :i* accid5tally divide words t ought to be spok5 9 close connexion1 are always disagreeable2 &1 :e!r !y arise f exhau/ion ( brea?1 f a habit ( falt]+1 or f unacqua9tance ) ! text1 !y are errors ( a k9d utt]ly incompatible ) graceful elocution4 ,emphatic or rhetorical pauses1 ! k9d lea/ frequ5tly us$1 may be made imm$iately be=e1 or imm$iately aft]1 some?+ :i* ! speak] ?9ks p>ticul>ly important1 & on :i* he w\ld fix ! att5tion ( 8 audi5ce4 ,_! effect is simil> to t ( a /rong emphasis2 &1 l ?is1 !y mu/ n be employ$ too (t54 ,! h>monic pauses1 or ^? :i* are peculi> to poetry1 are ( ?ree k9ds3 ! f9al pause1 :i* m>ks ! end ( ea* l9e2 ! csural or divisional pause1 :i* commonly divides ! l9e ne> ! middle2 & ! m9or re/s1 or demi-csuras1 :i* (t5 divide x /ill fur!r4 ,9 ! read+ ( poetry1 ^! pauses ought to be obs]v$1 z well z ^? :i* h ref]5ce to ! s5se2 =1 to read v]se exactly z if x 7 prose1 w (t5 rob x ( :at *iefly di/+ui%es x f prose4 ,yet1 at ! same "t1 all appe>ance ( s+song1 or affect$ tone1 ought to be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4 ,,article ,,iii4--,,( ,,inflections4 ,,inflections are ^? peculi> v>iations ( ! human voice1 by :i* a cont9u\s s\nd is made to pass f "o note1 key1 or pit*1 into an o!r4 ,! passage ( ! voice f a l[] to a high] or %rill] note1 is call$ ! ris+ or upw>d inflection4 ,! passage ( ! voice f a high] to a l[] or grav] note1 is call$ tbe fall+ or d[nw>d inflection4 ,^! two opposite inflections may be he>d 9 ! foll[+ examples3 #a4 ,! ris+1 ,d y mean to g8 #b4 ,! fall+1 ,:5 w y g8 ,9 g5]al1 que/ions t may be answ]$ by yes or no1 require ! ris+ inflection2 :ile ^? :i* dem& any o!r answ]1 mu/ be utt]$ ) ! fall+ inflection4 ,^! slides ( ! voice are n commonly m>k$ 9 writ+1 or 9 our pr9t$ books2 b1 :5 !re is occasion to note !m1 we apply ! acute acc5t to ! =m]1 & ! grave acc5t to ! latt]4#dge ,a union ( ^! two inflections ^u ! same syllable1 is call$ a circumflex1 a wave1 or a circumflex inflection4 ,:5 ! slide is fir/ d[nw>d & !n upw>d1 x is call$ ! ris+ circumflex1 or ! gravo-acute circumflex2 :5 fir/ upw>d & !n d[nw>d1 x is d5om9at$ ! fall+ circumflex1 or ! acuto-grave circumflex4 ,( ^! complex inflections ( ! voice1 ! emphatic words 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces may be utt]$ z examples3 ,& x %all g hard b ,i w se ! in=mation4--6 b he paus$ ^u ! br9k4 ,:5 a passage is read )\t any inflection1 ! words are utt]$ 9 :at is call$ a monotone2 ! voice be+ commonly pit*$ at a grum note1 & made to move = ! "t1 sl[ly & gravely1 on a p]fect level4 ,ris+ inflections are f> m num]\s ?an fall+ inflections2 ! =m] con/itute ! ma9 body ( oral language1 :ile ! latt] are employ$ = ! purposes ( emphasis1 & 9 ! =mation ( cad5ces4 ,ris+ inflections are (t5 emphatic2 b _! emphasis is weak] ?an t ( fall+ inflections4--,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #ej4 ,writ]s on ,elocution h giv5 num]\s rules = ! regulation ( inflections2 b mo/ ( ^! rules are bett] calculat$ to make bad read]s ?an good ones4 ,^? f\nd$ on ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces might1 p]haps1 d cr$it to a me*anic1 b !y c]ta9ly d none to an elocutioni/4--,ib41 p4 #ea4 ,! read] %\ld be> 9 m9d t a fall+ inflection gives m importance to a ^w ?an a ris+ inflection4 ,h5ce x %\ld nev] be employ$ m]ely = ! sake ( v>iety2 b = emphasis & cad5ces4 ,nei!r %\ld a ris+ inflection be us$ = ! sake ( m]e 'h>mony1' :]e a fall+ inflection w\ld bett] express ! mean+ ( ! au?or4 ,! s5se %\ld1 9 all cases1 det]m9e ! direction ( inflections4--,ib4 ,cad5ce is a fall ( ! voice1 :i* has ref]5ce n s mu* to pit* z to =ce1 ?\gh x may depress bo?2 = x seems to be g5]ally contra/$ ) emphasis1#dgf & by "s is repreh5d$ z a fault4 ,support y\r voice /eadily & firmly1 says ,ripp+ham1 & pron\nce ! conclud+ words ( ! s5t5ce ) =ce & vivacity1 r ?an ) a languid cad5ce4--,art ( ,speak+1 p4 #ag4 ,! pauses :i* ,l4 ,murray d5om9ates ! susp5d+ & ! clos+ pause1 he seems to h discrim9at$ *iefly by ! inflections prec$+ !m1 if he c be said to h di/+ui%$ !m at all4 ,= he n only tea*es t ! =m] may sometimes be us$ at ! close ( a s5t5ce1 & ! latt] sometimes :]e ! s5se is n complet$2 b1 treat+ cad5ce m]ely z a defect1 adds ! foll[+ caution3 ,! clos+ pause mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) t fall ( ! voice1 or cad5ce1 ) :i* _m read]s uni=mly f9i% a s5t5ce4 ,no?+ is m de/ructive ( propriety & en]gy ?an ?is habit4 ,! tones & inflections ( ! voice at ! close ( a s5t5ce1 ought to be div]sifi$1 accord+ to ! g5]al nature ( ! disc\rse1 & ! p>ticul> con/ruction & mean+ ( ! s5t5ce4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bej2 #abmo1 p4 #bjj4 ,,article ,,iv4--,,( ,,tones4 ,tones are ^? modulations ( ! voice :i* dep5d ^u ! feel+s ( ! speak]4 ,!y are :at ,%]idan d5om9ates ! language ( emotions4 ,& x is ( ! utmo/ importance1 t !y be natural1 unaffect$1 & rightly adapt$ to ! subject & to ! occasion2 = ^u !m1 9 a great measure1 dep5ds all t is pleas+ or int]e/+ 9 elocution4 ,h[ mu* ( ! propriety1 ! =ce1 & ! grace ( disc\rse1 mu/ dep5d on ^!1 w appe> f ?is s+le consid]ation2 t to almo/ e s5tim5t we utt]1 m especially to e /rong emotion1 nature has adapt$ "s peculi> tone ( voice2 insomu*1 t he :o %\ld tell ano!r t he 0 angry1 or mu* griev$1 9 a tone t did n suit su* emotions1 in/ead ( be+ believ$1 w\ld be laugh$ at4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccc4 ,! diff]5t passions ( ! m9d mu/ be express$ by diff]5t tones ( ! voice4 ,love1 by a s(t1 smoo?1 langui%+ voice2 ang]1 by a /rong1 vehem5t1 & elevat$ voice2 joy1 by a quick1 sweet1 & cle> voice2 sorr[1 by a l[1 flexible1 int]rupt$ voice2 fe>1 by a deject$1 tremul\s1 hesitat+ voice2 c\rage1 by a full1 bold1 & l\d voice2 & p]plexity1 by a grave & e>ne/ voice4 ,9 exordiums1 ! voice %\ld be l[1 yet cle>2 9 n>rations1 di/9ct2 9 reason+1 sl[2 9 p]suasions1 /rong3 x %\ld ?und] 9 ang]1 s(t5 9 sorr[1 tremble 9 fe>1 & melt 9 love4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aba4 ,,obs4--,walk] obs]ves1 9 8 rem>ks on ! nature ( ,acc5t & ,quantity1 ,z to ! tones ( ! passions1 :i* are s _m & v>i\s1 ^!1 9 ! op9ion ( "o ( ! be/ judges 9 ! k+dom1 are qualities ( s\nd1 occasion$ by c]ta9 vibrations ( ! organs ( spee*1 indep5d5t on say ( high1 l[1 l\d1 s(t1 quick1 sl[1 =cible1 or feeble3 :i* la/ may n improp]ly be call$ diff]5t quantities ( s\nd4--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #cje4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,figures4 ,a ,figure1 9 gramm>1 is an int5tional deviation f ! ord9>y spell+1 =mation1 con/ruction1 or application1 ( words4 ,!re are1 accord+ly1 figures ( ,or?ography1 figures ( ,etymology1 figures ( ,syntax1 & figures ( ,rhetoric4 ,:5 figures are judici\sly employ$1 !y bo? /r5g!n & adorn expression4 ,!y occur m frequ5tly 9 poetry ?an 9 prose2 & sev]al ( !m are m]ely poetic lic5ses4 ,,section ,i4--,,figures ,,( ,,or?ography4 ,a ,figure ( ,or?ography is an int5tional deviation f ! ord9>y or true spell+ ( a ^w4 ,! pr9cipal figures ( ,or?ography are two2 namely1 ,mi-me'-sis & ,ar'-*a-ism4 ,,explanations4 ,i4 ,mimesis is a ludicr\s imitation ( "s mi/ake or mispronunciation ( a ^w1 9 :i* ! error is mimick$ by a false spell+1 or ! tak+ ( "o ^w = ano!r2 z1 ,mai/]1 says he1 h y any w]y good weal 9 y vllet8--,columbian ,orator1 p4 #bib4 ,ay1 he 0 porn at ,monm\?1 capta9 ,g[]4--,%ak4 ,i w description ! matt] to y1 if y be capacity ( x4--,id4 ,p]digi\s6 ,i c h>dly /&4 --,,lloyd3 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 viii1 p4 #ahd4 ,,ii4 ,an ,ar*aism is a ^w or phrase express$ accord+ to anci5t usage1 & n accord+ to our mod]n or?ography2 z1 ,newe gr5e *ese ( smalle clammynes com=te! a hotte /omake4--,t4 ,,paynel3 ,tooke's ,div]sions1 ii1 #acb4 ,he ha? holp5 8 s]vant ,israel4--,luke1 i1 #ed4 ,) him 0 rev'r5d ,contemplation pight1 ,b[-b5t ) eld1 8 be>d ( sn[y hue4--,beattie4 ,,obs4--,among ! figures ( ?is section1 p]haps we might include ! =eign words or phrases :i* individual au?ors n[ & !n adopt 9 writ+ ,engli%2 namely1 ! ,scotticisms1 ! ,gallicisms1 ! ,lat9isms1 ! ,grecisms1 & ! l1 ) :i* !y too (t5 g>ni% _! ,engli% /yle4 ,b ^!1 except !y /& z =eign quotations1 9 :i* case !y are exempt f our rules1 are 9 g5]al (f5ces aga9/ ! purity ( our language2 & x may !re=e be suffici5t1 j to m5tion !m "h1 )\t expressly putt+ any ( !m into ! category ( grammatical figures4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,figures ,,( ,,etymology4 ,a ,figure ( ,etymology is an int5tional deviation f ! ord9>y =mation ( a ^w4 ,! pr9cipal figures ( ,etymology are eight2 namely1 ,a-pho]'-e-sis1 ,pros'-!-sis1 ,syn'-co-pe1 ,a-poc'-o-pe1 ,p>-a-g'-ge1 ,di-o]'-e-sis1 ,syn-o]'-e-sis1 & ,tme'-sis4 ,,explanations4 ,i4 ,aphresis is ! elision ( "s ( ! initial lett]s ( a ^w3 z1 'ga9/1 = aga9/2 'gan1 = began2 'nea?1 = b5ea?2 '?\t1 = )\t4 ,,ii4 ,pro/hesis is ! prefix+ ( an expletive syllable to a ^w3 z1 ad[n1 = d[n2 appaid1 = paid2 be/r[n1 = /r[n2 evani%$1 = vani%$2 yclad1 = clad4 ,,iii4 ,syn'cop is ! elision ( "s ( ! middle lett]s ( a ^w3 z1 m$'c9e1 = m$ic9e2 e'en1 = ev52 o'er1 = ov]2 conq'r+1 = conqu]+2 se'nnight1 = sev5night4 ,,iv4 ,apoc'op is ! elision ( "s ( ! f9al lett]s ( a ^w3 z1 ?o' = ?\gh2 ?'1 = !2 t'o!r1 = ! o!r2 ?ro'1 = ?r\gh4 ,v4 ,p>ago'g is ! annex+ ( an expletive syllable to a ^w3 z1 ,johnny1 = ,john2 de>y1 = de>2 )\t51 = )\t4 ,,vi4 ,diresis is ! sep>at+ ( two v[els t might be suppos$ to =m a diph?ong3 z1 cop]ate1 n coop]ate2 aronaut1 n ronaut2 or'?opy1 n or?oepy4 ,,vii4 ,synresis is ! s9k+ ( two syllables into "o3 z1 see/1 = se/2 tack$1 = tack-ed2 dr[n$1 = dr[n-ed2 spoks't1 = spok-e/2 %['d/1 = %[-ed/2 'tis1 = x is2 ,i'll1 = ,i w4 ,,viii4 ,tmesis is ! ins]t+ ( a ^w betwe5 ! p>ts ( a comp\nd1 or betwe5 two words :i* %\ld be unit$ if !y /ood toge!r3 z1 ,on :i* side soev]4--,rolla4 ,to u w>d2 ,to ,god w>d4--,bible4 ,! assembl+ ( ourselves toge!r4--,id4 ,) :at *>ms soe'er %e w4--,c[p]4 ,s new a fa%ion'd robe4--,%ak4 ,lam5t ! live day long4--,burns4 ,,obs4--,9 all our pronunciation1 except t ( ! solemn /yle1 su* v]bal or p>ticipial t]m9ations z c be s utt]$1 are usually sunk by synresis into m]e modifications ( prec$+ syllables4 ,! t]m9ational consonants1 if n utt]$ ) "o v[el1 mu/ be utt]$ ) an o!r4 ,:51 !re=e1 a v[el is entirely suppress$ 9 pronunciation1 7:e!r reta9$ 9 writ+ or n17 ! consonants connect$ ) x1 necess>ily fall into an o!r syllable3 ?us1 tri$1 trie/1 su$1 sue/1 lov$1 love/1 mov'd1 mov'/1 are monosyllables2 & /udi$1 /udie/1 /udi'd/1 argu$1 argue/1 argu'd/1 are dissyllables2 except 9 solemn disc\rse1 9 :i* ! e is g5]ally reta9$ & made vocal4 ,,section ,,iii4--,,figures ,,( ,,syntax4 ,a ,figure ( ,syntax is an int5tional deviation f ! ord9>y con/ruction ( words4 ,! pr9cipal figures ( ,syntax are five2 namely1 ,el-lip'-sis1 ,ple'-o-nasm1 ,syl-lep'-sis1 ,en-al'-la-ge1 & ,hy-p]'-ba-ton4 ,,explanations4 ,i4 ,ellipsis is ! omission ( "s ^w or words :i* are necess>y to complete ! con/ruction1 b n necess>y to convey ! mean+4 ,su* words are said1 9 te*nical phrase1 to be und]/ood2#dgg because !y are receiv$ z belong+ to ! s5t5ce1 ?\gh !y are n utt]$4 ,( comp\nd s5t5ces1 a va/ _m are m or less elliptical2 & sometimes1 = brevity's sake1 ev5 ! mo/ ess5tial p>ts ( a simple s5t5ce1 are suppress$2#dgh z1 ,b m ( ?is h]eaft]4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #gg4 ,?is means1 ,b ,i %all say m ( ?is h]eaft]4 ,pry!e1 peace4--,%ak4 ,t is1 ,i pray !e1 hold ?\ ?y peace4 ,!re may be an omission ( any ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 or ev5 ( a :ole clause1 :5 ?is repeats :at prec$es2 b ! omission ( m]e articles or int]jections c sc>cely con/itute a prop] ellipsis1 because ^! p>ts ( spee*1 :]ev] !y are really necess>y to be recogniz$1 ought to be express$4 ,,examples ,,( ,,ellipsis ,,suppli$4 #a4 ,( ! ,,article3--,a man & a woman4--,! day1 ! mon?1 & ! ye>4--,%e gave me an apple & a pe>1 = a fig & an orange4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #agj4 #b4 ,( ! ,,n\n3--,! common law & ! /atute law4--,! twelve apo/les4--,! same man is he4--,"o book ( my books4--,a doz5 bottles ( w9e4--,consci5ce1 ,i say2 n ?9e own consci5ce1 b ! consci5ce ( ! o!r4--#a ,cor41 x1 #bi4 ,e mom5t subtracts f our lives :at x adds to our lives4--,dillwyn's ,ref41 p4 #h4 ,bad actions mo/ly lead to worse actions4--,ib41 p4 #e4 #c4 ,( ! ,,adjective3--,!re are subjects prop] = ! "o1 & n prop] = ! o!r4--,kames4 ,a j weight & a j balance are ! ,"l's4--,prov41 xvi1 #aa4 ,true ellipses ( ! adjective alone1 are b seldom met )4 #d4 ,( ! ,,pron\n3--,leave ?\ !re ?y gift be=e ! alt>1 & g ?\ ?y way2 fir/ be ?\ reconcil$ to ?y bro!r1 & !n come ?\ & (f] ?\ ?y gift1--,matt41 v1 #bd4 ,love ye y\r enemies1 bless ye !m t curse y1 d ye good to !m t hate y4--,ib41 v4 #dd4 ,*a/isem5t does n always imm$iately foll[ error1 b x sometimes comes :5 x is lea/ expect$4-- ,dillwyn1 ,ref41 p4 #ca4 ,m5 g5]ally put a great] value ^u ! fav\rs :i* !y be/[1 ?an ^u ^? :i* !y receive4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #dh4 ,wisdom & wor? 7 all t he _h4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #bid4 #e4 ,( ! ,,v]b3--,! _w is crucifi$ unto me1 & ,i am crucifi$ unto ! _w4--,gal41 vi1 #ad4 ,he>ts %\ld n diff]1 ?\gh heads may1 diff]4--,dillwyn1 p4 #aa4 ,are ye n mu* bett] ?an !y are8--,matt41 vi1 #bf4 ,tribulation worke? pati5ce2 & pati5ce worke? exp]i5ce2 & exp]i5ce worke? hope4--,romans1 v1 #d4 ,wrongs are engrav$ on m>ble2 b5efits are engrav$ on s&4--,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #da4 ,to :om ?us ,eve1 yet s9less spoke4--,milton4 #f4 ,( ! ,,p>ticiple3--,t be+ o'er1 !y "p4--,animals ( v>i\s natures1 "s adapt$ to ! wood1 & "s adapt$ to ! wave4--,melmo?1 on ,scripture1 p4 #ac4 ,8 k be+ measur$ to 8 /ate & place1 ,8 "t be+ a mom5t1 & a po9t be+ 8 space4--,pope4 #g4 ,( ! ,,adv]b3--,he c d ?is indep5d5tly ( me1 if n indep5d5tly ( y4 ,%e %[s a body r ?an a life2 ,a /atue1 r ?an a brea!r4 --,%ak41 ,ant4 & ,cleo41 iii1 #c4 #h4 ,( ! ,,conjunction3--,b ! fruit ( ! ,_s is love1 & joy1 & peace1 & long suff]+1 & g5tl5ess1 & goodness1 & fai?1 & meekness1 & temp]ance4--,gal41 v1 #bb4 ,! repetition ( ! conjunction is call$ ,polysyndeton2 & ! omission ( x1 ,asyndeton4 #i4 ,( ! ,,preposition3--,x %all be done on ?is v day4--,we %all set (f at "s "t 9 next mon?4--,he dep>t$ f ?is life4--,he gave to me a book4--,we walk$ ?r\gh a mile4--,he 0 bani%$ f ! k+dom4--,w4 ,all54 ,he liv$ l to a pr9ce4--,wells4 #aj4 ,( ! ,,int]jection3--,oh6 ! frailty1 oh6 ! wick$ness ( m54--,alas = ,mexico6 & alas = _m ( h] invad]s6 #aa4 ,( ,,phrases or ,,clauses3--,! active commonly d m ?an !y are b\nd to d2 ! indol5t commonly d less ?an !y are b\nd to d4--,"y m51 angry1 mean less ?an !y say2 old m51 angry1 mean m ?an !y say4--,x is ! duty ( ju/ice1 n to injure m52 x is ! duty ( mode/y1 n to (f5d !m4--,w4 ,all54 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,gramm>ians 9 g5]al treat ( ellipsis )\t def9+ x2 & exhibit su* rules & examples z suppose our language to be a hundr$-fold m elliptical ?an x really is4#dgi ,?is is a great error1 & only p>allel$ by t ( a c]ta9 writ] else:]e notic$1 :o d5ies ! exi/5ce ( all ellipsis :atev]4 7,see ,syntax1 ,obs4 #bd? on ,rule #bb;d47 ,"s h def9$ ?is figure 9 a way t betrays a v inaccurate notion ( :at x is3 z1 ,,ellipsis is :5 "o or m words are want+ to complete ! s5se4--,adam's ,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bce2 ,g\ld's1 #bbi4 ,,ellipsis is ! omission ( "o or m words necess>y to complete ! s5se4--,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bfe4 ,^! def9itions are decid$ly worse ?an none2 because1 if !y h any effect1 !y c only mislead4 ,!y absurdly sugge/ t e elliptical s5t5ce lacks a "p ( its own mean+6 ,ellipsis is1 9 fact1 ! m]e omission or abs5ce ( c]ta9 sugge/$ words2 or ( words t may be sp>$ f utt]ance1 )\t defect 9 ! s5se4 ,!re nev] c be an ellipsis ( any ?+ :i* is ei!r unnecess>y to ! con/ruction or necess>y to ! s5se2 = to say :at we mean & no?+ m1 nev] c con/itute a deviation f ! ord9>y grammatical con/ruction ( words4 ,z a figure ( ,syntax1 !re=e1 ! ellipsis c only be ( su* words z are s evid5tly sugge/$ to ! read]1 t ! writ] is z fully answ]able = !m z if he _h writt5 !m4 ,,obs4 #b4--,to suppose an ellipsis :]e !re is none1 or to ov]look "o :]e x really occurs1 is to p]v]t or mutilate ! text1 9 ord] to accommodate x to ! p>s]'s or read]'s ignorance ( ! pr9ciples ( syntax4 ,!re nev] c be ei!r a g5]al uni=mity or a self-consi/5cy 9 our me?ods ( p>s+1 or 9 our notions ( gramm>1 till ! true nature ( an ellipsis is cle>ly asc]ta9$2 s t ! writ] %all di/+ui% x f a blund]+ omission t impairs ! s5se1 & ! read] or p>s] be b>r$ f an arbitr>y ins]tion ( :at w\ld be cumbr\s & useless4 ,by adopt+ loose & extravagant ideas ( ! nature ( ?is figure1 "s pret5d]s to le>n+ & philosophy h be5 l$ into ! mo/ :imsical & opposite notions conc]n+ ! grammatical con/ruction ( language4 ,?us1 ) equal absurdity1 ,c>dell & ,%]man1 9 _! ,philosophic ,gramm>s1 attempt to confute ! doctr9es ( _! pr$ecessors1 by suppos+ ellipses at pleasure4 ,& :ile ! =m] tea*es1 t prepositions d n gov]n ! objective case1 b t e v]b is transitive1 & gov]ns at lea/ two objects1 express$ or und]/ood1 its own & t ( a preposition3 ! latt]1 ) j z good an argum5t1 cont5ds t no v]b is transitive1 b t e objective case is gov]n$ by a preposition express$ or und]/ood4 ,a _w ( nons5se = lack ( a def9ition6 ,,ii4 ,,pleonasm is ! introduction ( sup]flu\s words2 z1 ,b ( ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil1 ?\ %alt n eat ( x4--,g541 ii1 #ag4 ,?is figure is all[able only1 :51 9 animat$ disc\rse1 x abruptly introduces an emphatic ^w1 or repeats an idea to impress x m /rongly2 z1 ,he t ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>4--,bible4 ,all ye inhabitants ( ! _w1 & dwell]s on ! e>?4--,id4 ,!re %all n be left "o /one ^u ano!r t %all n be ?r[n d[n4--,id4 ,i "k !e :o ?\ art4--,id4 ,a ,pleonasm1 z p]haps 9 ^! in/ances1 is sometimes impressive & elegant2 b an unemphatic repetition ( ! same idea1 is "o ( ! wor/ faults ( bad writ+4 ,,obs4--,/rong passion is n always satisfi$ ) say+ a ?+ once1 & 9 ! fewe/ words possible2 nor is x natural t x %\ld be4 ,h5ce repetitions indicative ( int5se feel+ may con/itute a beauty ( ! highe/ k9d1 :51 if ! feel+ 7 want+1 or suppos$ to be s1 !y w\ld be reckon$ intol]able tautologies4 ,! foll[+ is an example1 :i* ! read] may appreciate ! bett]1 if he rememb]s ! context3 ,at h] feet he b[$1 he fell1 he lay d[n2 at h] feet he b[$1 he fell2 :]e he b[$1 !re he fell d[n dead4--,judges1 v1 #bg4 ,,iii4 ,,syllepsis is agreem5t =m$ accord+ to ! figurative s5se ( a ^w1 or ! m5tal conception ( ! ?+ spok5 (1 & n accord+ to ! lit]al or common use ( ! t]m2 x is !re=e 9 g5]al connect$ ) "s figure ( rhetoric3 z ,! ,^w 0 made fle%1 & dwelt among/ u1 & we beheld 8 glory4--,john1 i1 #ad4 ,!n ,philip w5t d[n to ! city ( ,sam>ia1 & prea*$ ,*ri/ unto !m4--,acts1 viii1 #e4 ,! city ( ,london h express$ _! s5tim5ts ) fre$om & firmness4--,junius1 p4 #aei4 ,& ,i said to backslid+ ,israel1 aft] %e _h done all ^! ?+s1 ,turn ?\ unto me2 b %e return$ n3 & h] trea*]\s si/] ,judah saw x4--,j]41 iii1 #g4 ,& he surnam$ !m ,boan]ges1 :i* is1 ,! sons ( ?und]4--,m>k1 iii1 #ag4 ,:ile ,ev5+ draws h] crimson curta9s r\nd4--,?omson1 p4 #fc4 ,! ,?und] raises 8 trem5d\s voice4--,id41 p4 #aac4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,to ! p>s]1 "s explanation ( t agreem5t :i* is controll$ by tropes1 is (t5 absolutely necess>y2 yet1 ( our mod]n gramm>ians1 none appe> to h notic$ x2 &1 ( ! olde/ writ]s1 few1 if any1 h giv5 x ! rank :i* x des]ves among ! figures ( syntax4 ,! t]m ,syllepsis lit]ally signifies conception1 compreh5sion1 or tak+-toge!r4 ,"u ?is "n h be5 arrang$1 by ! gramm>ians & rhetoricians1 _m diff]5t =ms ( unusual or irregul> agreem5t2 "s ( :i* are q too unlike to be embrac$ 9 ! same class1 & n a few1 p]haps1 too unimportant or too ord9>y to des]ve any classification z figures4 ,i !re=e omit "s =ms ( expression :i* o!rs h treat$ z examples ( ,syllepsis1 & def9e ! t]m ) ref]5ce to su* z seem m wor?y to be notic$ z deviations f ! ord9>y con/ruction ( words4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 all[+ ! ^w two mean+s1 expla9s x ?us3 ,,syllepsis1 n4 ,gr4 syllpsis4 #a4 ,9 gramm>1 a figure by :i* we conceive ! s5se ( words o!rwise ?an ! words import1 & con/rue !m accord+ to ! int5tion ( ! au?or2 o!rwise call$ sub/itution4#dhj #b4 ,! agreem5t ( a v]b or adjective1 n ) ! ^w next to x1 b ) ! mo/ wor?y 9 ! s5t5ce4--,am]ican ,dict4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 %ort1 ,syllepsis is a conception ( :i* gramm>ians h conceiv$ s v>i\sly1 t x has become d\btful1 :at def9ition or :at application ( ! t]m is n[ ! mo/ appropriate4 ,dr4 ,prat1 9 def9+ x1 cites "o notion f ,sanctius1 & adds an o!r ( 8 own1 ?us3 ,,syllepsis1 id e/1 ,conceptio1 e/ quoties ,g5]ibus1 aut ,num]is vid5tur voces discrep>e4 ,sanct4 l4 #d4 c4 #aj4 ,vel sit ,compreh5sio indignioris sub digniore4--,prat's ,lat4 ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #afd4 ,john ,grant ranks x z a m]e =m or species ( ,ellipsis1 & exp\nds x ?us3 ,syllepsis is :5 ! adjective or v]b1 jo9$ to diff]5t sub/antives1 agrees ) ! m wor?y4--,in/itutes ( ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #cba4 ,dr4 ,littleton describes x ?us3 ,,sylllepsis sic--,,k?1--,a ,grammatical figure :]e two ,nom9ative ,cases s+ul> ( diff]5t p]sons are jo9$ to a ,v]b plural4--,lat9 ,dict41 #dto4 ,by ,dr4 ,morell x is expla9$ z foll[s3 ,,syllepsis1--,a grammatical figure1 :]e "o is put = _m1 & _m = "o1 ,lat4 ,conceptio4--,morell's ,a9swor?'s ,dict41 #dto1 ,index ,vit&4 ,,iv4 ,enllag is ! use ( "o "p ( spee*1 or ( "o modification1 = an o!r4 ,?is figure bord]s closely ^u solecism2 &1 = ! /ability ( ! language1 x %\ld be sp>+ly indulg$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al =ms ( x :i* c appeal to good au?ority3 z1 #a4 ,y "k t y are ,brutus1 t say ?is4--,%ak4 #b4 ,!y fall successively1 & successively rise4--,pope4 #c4 ,?an :om :o a fi5d m fell is n[h]e f\nd4--,?omson4 #d4 ,sure "s disa/] has befell befall54--,gay4 #e4 ,s furi\s 0 t onset's %ock1 ,de/ruction's gates at once unlock unlock$4--,hogg4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,enallage is a ,greek ^w1 signify+ commutation1 *ange1 or ex*ange4 ,enallage1 9 a g5]al s5se1 is ! *ange ( words1 or ( _! accid5ts1 "o = ano!r4--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #cbb4 ,! ^w ,antim]ia1 :i* lit]ally expresses *ange ( p>ts1 0 (t5 us$ by ! old gramm>ians z synonym\s ) ,enallage2 ?\gh1 sometimes1 ! =m] 0 tak5 only = ! sub/itution ( "o "p ( spee* = an o!r1 & ! latt]1 only1 or m p>ticul>ly1 = a *ange ( modification--z ( mood = mood1 t5se = t5se1 or numb] = numb]4 ,! putt+ ( "o case = an o!r1 has also be5 ?\ght wor?y ( a p>ticul> "n1 & be5 call$ ,antiptosis4 ,b ,enallage1 ! mo/ compreh5sive ( ^! t]ms1 hav+ be5 (t5 ( old appli$ to all su* *anges1 r$uc+ !m to "o head1 may well be n[ def9$ z above1 & /ill appli$1 9 ?is way1 to all t we ne$ recognize z figures4 ,! ^w ,enallaxis1 pref]r$ by "s1 is ( ! same import4 ,,enallaxis1 s call$ by ,long9us1 or ,,enallage1 is an ,ex*ange ( ,cases1 ,t5ses1 ,p]sons1 ,numb]s1 or ,g5d]s4--,holmes's ,rhet41 ,book i1 p4 #eg4 ,an ,,enallaxis *anges1 :5 x pleases1 ,t5ses1 or ,p]sons1 ,g5d]s1 ,numb]s1 ,cases4--,ib41 ,b4 ii1 p4 #ej4 ,,obs4 #b4--,our mo/ common =m ( ,enallage is t by :i* a s+le p]son is address$ 9 ! plural numb]4 ,?is is s fa%ionable 9 our civil int]c\rse1 t "s v polite gramm>ians improp]ly dispute its claims to be call$ a figure2 & repres5t x z be+ m ord9>y1 & ev5 m lit]al ?an ! regul> phraseology2 :i* a few ( !m1 z we h se51 w\ld place among ! ar*aisms4 ,! next 9 frequ5cy1 7if inde$ x c be call$ a diff]5t =m17 is ! practice ( putt+ we = ,i1 or ! plural = ! s+ul> 9 ! fir/ p]son4 ,?is has nev] yet be5 claim$ z lit]al & regul> syntax1 ?\gh ! usages diff] 9 no?+ b commonness2 bo? be+ hon\rably au?oriz$1 bo? /ill improp] on "s occasions1 &1 9 bo?1 ! ,enallage be+ alike obvi\s4 ,o!r v>ieties ( ?is figure1 n uncommon 9 ,engli%1 are ! putt+ ( adjectives = adv]bs1 ( adv]bs = n\ns1 ( ! pres5t t5se = ! pret]it1 & ( ! pret]it = ! p]fect p>ticiple4 ,b1 9 ! use ( su* lib]ties1 elegance & error sometimes approximate s ne>ly1 !re is sc>cely an obvi\s l9e betwe5 !m1 & gramm>ians consequ5tly disagree 9 mak+ ! di/9ction4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,deviations ( ?is k9d are1 9 g5]al1 to be consid]$ solecisms2 o!rwise1 ! rules ( gramm> w\ld be ( no use or au?ority4 ,despaut]1 an anci5t ,lat9 gramm>ian1 gave an improp] latitude to ?is figure1 or to a species ( x1 "u ! "n ( ,antiptosis2 & ,beh\rt & o!rs ext5d$ x /ill fur!r4 ,b ,sanctius says1 ,antiptosi grammaticorum nihil imp]itius1 quod figm5tum si esset v]um1 fru/ra qur]etur1 quem casum v]ba reg]5t4 ,& ! ,messieurs ,de ,port ,royal reject ! figure altoge!r4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s *anges ( ?is k9d1 :i* ! gramm>ian is n compet5t to condemn1 ?\gh !y d n accord ) ! ord9>y pr9ciples ( con/ruction4 ,v4 ,hyp]baton is ! transposition ( words2 z1 ,he w&]s e>? ar\nd4--,c[p] ,r+s ! _w ) ! va9 /ir4--,id4 ,:om !re=e ye ignorantly wor%ip1 him decl>e ,i unto y4--,acts1 xvii1 #bc4 ',happy'1 says ,montesquieu1 'is t nation ^: annals are tiresome4'--,corw91 9 ,congress1 #ahdg4 ,?is figure is mu* employ$ 9 poetry4 ,a judici\s use ( x conf]s h>mony1 v>iety1 /r5g?1 & vivacity ^u composition4 ,b c>e %\ld be tak5 le/ x produce ambiguity or obscurity1 absurdity or solecism4 ,,obs4--,a confus$ & intricate arrangem5t ( words1 receiv$ f "s ( ! anci5ts ! "n ( ,syn'*ysis1 & 0 reckon$ by !m among ! figures ( gramm>4 ,by "s au?ors1 ?is has be5 improp]ly id5tifi$ ) ,hyp]'baton1 or elegant inv]sion2 z may be se5 "u ! ^w ,syn*ysis 9 ,littleton's ,diction>y1 or 9 ,holmes's ,rhetoric1 at page #eh?4 ,syn*ysis lit]ally means confusion1 or commixtion2 &1 9 gramm>1 is significant only ( "s poetical jumble ( words1 "s v]bal k9k or sn>l1 :i* _c be grammatically resolv$ or dis5tangl$3 z1 ,is piety ?us & pure devotion paid8 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 xi1 l4 #deb4 ,an ass w ) 8 long e>s fray ,! flies t tickle him away2 ,b man delights to h 8 e>s ,bl[n maggots 9 by flatt]]s4 --,butl]'s ,poems1 p4 #afa4 ,,section ,,iv4--,,figures ,,( ,,rhetoric4 ,a ,figure ( ,rhetoric is an int5tional deviation f ! ord9>y application ( words4 ,sev]al ( ?is k9d ( figures are commonly call$ ,tropes1 i4e41 turns2 because c]ta9 words are turn$ f _! orig9al signification to an o!r4#dha ,num]\s dep>tures f p]fect simplicity ( diction1 occur 9 almo/ e k9d ( composition4 ,!y are mo/ly f\nd$ on "s similitude or relation ( ?+s1 :i*1 by ! p[] ( imag9ation1 is r5d]$ conducive to ornam5t or illu/ration4 ,! pr9cipal figures ( ,rhetoric are sixte52 namely1 ,sim'-i-le1 ,met'-a-phor1 ,al'-le-gor-y1 ,me-ton'-y-my1 ,syn-ec'-d-*e1 ,hy-p]'-bo-le1 ,vis'-ion1 ,a-pos'-tro-phe1 ,p]-son'-i-fi-ca'-tion1 ,er-o-te'-sis1 ,ec-pho-ne'-sis1 ,an-ti?'-e-sis1 ,cli'-max1 ,i'-ro-ny1 ,a-poph'-a-sis1 & ,on-o-ma-to-poe'-ia4 ,,explanations4 ,i4 ,a ,simile is a simple & express comp>ison2 & is g5]ally introduc$ by l1 z1 or s3 z1 ,su* a passion is l fall+ 9 love ) a sp>r[ fly+ ov] y\r head2 y h b "o glimpse ( h]1 & %e is out ( sight4--,colli]s ,anton9us4 ,!re=e !y %all be z ! morn+ cl\d1 & z ! e>ly dew t passe? away2 z ! *aff t is driv5 ) ! :irlw9d out ( ! floor1 & z ! smoke out ( ! *imney4--,hosea1 xiii4 ,at fir/1 l ?und]'s di/ant tone1 ,! rattl+ d9 came roll+ on4--,hogg4 ,man1 l ! g5]\s v9e1 support$ lives2 ,! /r5g? he ga9s1 is f ?' embrace he gives4--,pope4 ,,obs4--,comp>isons are sometimes made 9 a mann] suffici5tly intelligible1 )\t any express t]m to po9t !m out4 ,9 ! foll[+ passage1 we h a triple example ( :at seems ! ,simile1 )\t ! usual sign--)\t l1 z1 or s3 ,away ) all tamp]+ ) su* a "q6 ,away ) all trifl+ ) ! man 9 fett]s6 ,give a hungry man a /one1 & tell :at beautiful h\ses are made ( x2--give ice to a freez+ man1 & tell him ( its good prop]ties 9 hot wea!r2--?r[ a dr[n+ man a doll>1 z a m>k ( y\r good w2--b d n mock ! bondman 9 8 mis]y1 by giv+ him a ,bible :5 he _c read x4--,,fr$]ick ,,d\glass3 ,lib]ty ,bell1 #ahdh4 ,,ii4 ,a ,metaphor is a figure t expresses or sugge/s ! resemblance ( two objects by apply+ ei!r ! "n1 or "s attribute1 adjunct1 or action1 ( ! "o1 directly to ! o!r2 z1 #a4 ,! ,,"l is my rock1 & my =tress4--,psal41 xviii #a4 #b4 ,8 eye 0 morn+'s brighte/ ray4--,hogg4 #c4 ,an angl] 9 ! tides ( fame4--,id41 ,q4 ,w4 #d4 ,beside him sleeps ! w>rior's b[4--,langhorne4 #e4 ,wild fancies 9 8 moody bra9 ,gambol'd unbridl$ & unb\nd4--,hogg1 ,q4 ,w4 #f4 ,spee*less1 & fix'd 9 all ! dea? ( wo4--,?omson4 ,,obs4--,a ,metaphor is commonly und]/oood sic--,,k? to be only ! tropical use ( "s s+le ^w1 or %ort phrase2 b !re seem to be occasional in/ances ( "o s5t5ce1 or action1 be+ us$ metaphorically to repres5t an o!r4 ,! foll[+ extract f ! ,london ,exam9] has sev]al figurative expressions1 :i* p]haps belong to ?is head3 ,9 ! pres5t age1 ne>ly all p are critics1 ev5 to ! p51 & treat ! grave/ writ]s ) a sort ( taproom famili>ity4 ,if !y are dissatisfi$1 !y ?r[ a %ort & sp5t cig> 9 ! face ( ! (f5d]2 if !y are pleas$1 !y lift ! c&idate (f 8 legs1 & s5d him away ) a he>ty slap on ! %\ld]4 ,"s ( ! %ort]1 :5 !y are b5t to mis*ief1 dip a twig 9 ! gutt]1 & drag x across our poli%$ boots3 on ! contr>y1 :5 !y are incl9$ to be g5tle & g5]\s1 !y leap boi/]\sly ^u our knees1 & kiss u ) bread-&-butt] 9 _! m\?s4--,,walt] ,,savage ,,l&or4 ,,iii4 ,an ,allegory is a cont9u$ n>ration ( fictiti\s ev5ts1 design$ to repres5t & illu/rate important realities4 ,?us ! ,psalmi/ repres5ts ! ,jewi% nation "u ! symbol ( a v9e3 ,?\ ha/ br\ght a v9e out ( ,egypt3 ?\ ha/ ca/ out ! hea!n1 & plant$ x4 ,?\ prep>$/ room be=e x1 & did/ cause x to take deep root2 & x fill$ ! l&4 ,! hills 7 cov]$ ) ! %ad[ ( x1 & ! b\ghs !re( 7 l ! goodly c$>s4--,psalms1 lxxx1 #h-aj4 ,,obs4--,! ,allegory1 agreeably to ! =ego+ def9ition ( x1 includes mo/ ( ^? similitudes :i* 9 ! ,scriptures are call$ p>ables2 x includes also ! bett] sort ( fables4 ,! t]m allegory is sometimes appli$ to a true hi/ory 9 :i* some?+ else is int5d$1 ?an is conta9$ 9 ! words lit]ally tak54 ,see an in/ance 9 ,galatians1 iv1 #bd4 ,9 ! ,scriptures1 ! t]m fable d5otes an idle & gr\ndless /ory3 z1 9 #a ,timo?y1 iv1 #g2 & #b ,pet]1 i1 #af4 ,x is n[ commonly us$ 9 a bett] s5se4 ,a fable may be def9$ to be an analogical n>rative1 int5d$ to convey "s moral lesson1 9 :i* irrational animals or objects are introduc$ z speak+4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bhj4 ,,iv4 ,a ,metonymy is a *ange ( names betwe5 ?+s relat$4 ,x is f\nd$1 n on resemblance1 b on "s su* relation z t ( cause & effect1 ( prog5itor & po/]ity1 ( subject & adjunct1 ( place & inhabitant1 ( conta9] & ?+ conta9$1 or ( sign & ?+ signifi$3 z1 7#a47 ,god is our salvation2 i4e41 ,savi\r4 7#b47 ,he>1 ,o ,israel2 i4e4 ,o ye desc5dants ( ,israel4 7#c47 ,he 0 ! sigh ( h] secret s\l2 i4e41 ! y\? %e lov$4 7#d47 ,!y smote ! city2 i4e41 ! citiz5s4 7#e47 ,my son1 give me ?y he>t2 i4e41 affection4 7#f47 ,! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah2 i4e41 k+ly p[]4 7#g47 ,!y h ,moses & ! prophets2 i4e41 _! writ+s4 ,see ,luke1 xvi1 #bi4 ,v4 ,synecdo*e1 7t is1 ,compreh5sion17 is ! nam+ ( a "p = ! :ole1 or ( ! :ole = a "p2 z1 7#a47 ,?is ro( i4e41 h\se protects y4 7#b47 ,n[ ! ye> i4e41 summ] is beautiful4 7#c47 ,a sail i4e41 a %ip or vessel pass$ at a di/ance4 7#d47 ,give u ?is day our daily bread2 i4e41 food4 7#e47 ,because !y h tak5 away my ,"l1 i4e41 ! body ( ,jesus1 & ,i "k n :]e !y h laid him4--,john4 7#f47 ,! same day !re 7 add$ unto !m ab\t ?ree ?\s& s\ls2 i4e41 p]sons4--,acts4 7#g47 ,!re w5t out a decree f ,cs> ,augu/us1 t all ! _w i4e41 ! ,roman empire %\ld be tax$4--,luke1 ii1 #a4 ,,vi4 ,hyp]bole is extravagant exagg]ation1 9 :i* ! imag9ation is indulg$ beyond ! sobriety ( tru?2 z1 ,my little f+] %all be ?ick] ?an my fa!r's lo9s4--#b ,*ron41 x1 #aj4 ,:5 ,i wa%$ my /eps ) butt]1 & ! rock p\r$ me out riv]s ( oil4--,job1 xxix1 #f4 ,! sky %runk upw>d ) unusual dread1 ,& trembl+ ,tib] div'd b5ea? 8 b$4--,dryd54 ,,vii4 ,vision1 or ,imag]y1 is a figure by :i* ! speak] repres5ts ! objects ( 8 imag9ation1 z actually be=e 8 eyes1 & pres5t to 8 s5ses2 z1 ,i see ! dagg]-cre/ ( ,m>6 ,i see ! ,moray's silv] /> ,wave o'er ! cl\d ( ,saxon w>1 ,t up ! lake comes w9d+ f>6--,scott1 ,l4 ,l41 vi1 #ae4 ,,viii4 ,apo/rophe is a turn+ f ! regul> c\rse ( ! subject1 into an animat$ address2 z1 ,dea? is swall[$ up 9 victory4 ,o ,dea?6 :]e is ?y /+8 ,o ,grave6 :]e is ?y victory8--#a ,cor41 xv1 #ee4 ,,ix4 ,p]sonification is a figure by :i*1 9 imag9ation1 we ascribe intellig5ce & p]sonality to un9tellig5t be+s or ab/ract qualities2 z1 #a4 ,! ,worm1 aw>e ( 8 int5t1 ,h>angu$ him ?us1 "r eloqu5t4--,c[p]4 #b4 ,lo1 /eel-clad ,w> 8 gorge\s /&>d re>s6--,rog]s4 #c4 ,h>k6 ,tru? proclaims1 ?y triumphs cease6--,idem4 ,x4 ,erotesis is a figure 9 :i* ! speak] adopts ! =m ( int]rogation1 n to express a d\bt1 b1 9 g5]al1 confid5tly to ass]t ! rev]se ( :at is ask$2 z1 ,ha/ ?\ an arm l ,god8 or can/ ?\ ?und] ) a voice l him8--,job1 xl1 #i4 ,he t plant$ ! e>1 %all he n he>8 he t =m$ ! eye1 %all he n see8--,psalms1 xciv1 #i4 ,,xi4 ,ecphonesis is a pa!tic exclamation1 d5ot+ "s viol5t emotion ( ! m9d2 z1 ,o lib]ty6--,o s\nd once delightful to e ,roman e>6--,o sacr$ privilege ( ,roman citiz5%ip6--once sacr$--n[ trampl$ ^u4--,cic]o4 ,& ,i said1 ,o t ,i _h w+s l a dove6 = !n w\ld ,i fly away1 & be at re/4--,psalms1 lv1 #f4 ,,xii4 ,anti!sis is a plac+ ( ?+s 9 opposition1 to height5 _! effect by contra/2 z1 ,i w talk ( ?+s heav5ly1 or ?+s e>?ly2 ?+s moral1 or ?+s evangelical2 ?+s sacr$1 or ?+s pr(ane2 ?+s pa/1 or ?+s to come2 ?+s =eign1 or ?+s at home2 ?+s m ess5tial1 or ?+s circum/antial2 provid$ t all be done to our pr(it4--,bunyan1 ,p4 ,p41 p4 #ij4 ,contra/$ faults ?r\gh all 8 mann]s reign2 ,?\gh poor1 luxuri\s2 ?\gh submissive1 va92 ,?\gh grave1 yet trifl+2 zeal\s1 yet untrue2 ,& e'en 9 p5ance1 plann+ s9s anew4--,goldsmi?4 ,,xiii4 ,climax is a figure 9 :i* ! s5se is made to advance by successive /eps1 to rise gradually to :at is m & m important & int]e/+1 or to desc5d to :at is m & m m9ute & p>ticul>2 z1 ,& besides ?is1 giv+ all dilig5ce1 add to y\r fai?1 virtue2 & to virtue1 k2 & to k1 temp]ance2 & to temp]ance1 pati5ce2 & to pati5ce1 godl9ess2 & to godl9ess1 bro!rly k9dness2 & to bro!rly k9dness1 *>ity4--#b ,pet]1 i1 #e4 ,,xiv4 ,irony is a figure 9 :i* ! speak] sne]+ly utt]s ! direct rev]se ( :at he int5ds %all be und]/ood2 z1 ,we h1 to be sure1 great reason to believe ! mode/ man w\ld n ask him = a debt1 :5 he pursues 8 life4--,cic]o4 ,no d\bt b ye are ! p1 & wisdom %all die ) y4--,job1 xii1 #b4 ,!y mu/ e/eem le>n+ v mu*1 :5 !y see its pr(essors us$ ) su* little c]emony6--,goldsmi?'s ,essays1 p4 #aej4 ,,xv4 ,apophasis1 or ,p>alipsis1#dhb is a figure 9 :i* ! speak] or writ] pret5ds to omit :at at ! same "t he really m5tions2 z1 ,i ,paul h writt5 x ) m9e own h&1 ,i w repay x2 albeit ,i d n say to !e1 h[ ?\ owe/ unto me ev5 ?9e own self besides4--,philemon1 #ai4 ,,xvi4 ,onomatopoeia is ! use ( a ^w1 phrase1 or s5t5ce1 ! s\nd ( :i* resembles1 or int5tionally imitates1 ! s\nd ( ! ?+ signifi$ or spok5 (3 z1 ,( a knock+ at ! door1 ,rat a tat tat4--,j4 ,w4 ,,gibbs3 9 ,f[l]'s ,gram41 p4 #ccd4 ,d+-dong6 d+-dong6 ,m]ry1 m]ry1 g ! bells1 ,d+-dong6 d+-dong6--,h4 ,k4 ,:ite4 ,b['w[ n4 ,! l\d b>k ( a dog4 ,boo?4--,worce/]'s ,dict4 ,?is is (t5 writt5 sep>ately2 z1 ,b[ w[4--,f[l]'s ,gram41 p4 #ccd4 ,! imitation is bett] ) ?ree s\nds3 ,b[ w[ w[4 ,! foll[+ v]ses h be5 said to exhibit ?is figure3 ,b :5 l\d surges la% ! s\nd+ %ore1 ,! ho>se r\gh v]se %\ld l ! torr5t ro>4 --,pope1 on ,crit41 l4 #cfi4 ,,obs4--,! :ole numb] ( figures1 :i* ,i h ?\ght x ne$ful to def9e & illu/rate 9 ?is "w1 is only ab\t ?irty4 ,^! are ! *ief ( :at h sometimes be5 made a v long & m9ute catalogue4 ,9 ! h&s ( "s au?ors1 ,rhetoric is sc>cely any?+ else ?an a detail ( figures2 ! numb] ( :i*1 be+ made to include almo/ e possible =m ( expression1 is1 accord+ to ^! au?ors1 n less ?an two hundr$ & =ty4 ,( _! names1 ,john ,holmes gives1 9 8 index1 two hundr$ & fifty-?ree2 & he has n all t might be quot$1 ?\gh he has m ?an !re are ( ! =ms nam$1 or ! figures !mselves4 ,to f9d a le>n$ "n = e p>ticul> mode ( expression1 is n necess>ily conducive to ! "r use ( language4 ,x is easy to see ! inutility ( su* p$antry2 & ,butl] has made x suffici5tly ridicul\s by ?is c>icature3 ,= all a rhetorician's rules ,tea* no?+ b to "n 8 tools4--,hudibras1 ,p4 i1 ,c4 i1 l4 #ij4 ,,section ,v4--,,examples ,,= ,,p>s+4 ,,praxis ,,xiv4--,,prosodical4 ,9 ! ,f\rte5? ,praxis1 are exemplifi$ ! sev]al ,figures ( ,or?ography1 ( ,etymology1 ( ,syntax1 & ( ,rhetoric1 :i* ! p>s] may "n & def9e2 & by x ! pupil may also be ex]cis$ 9 relation to ! pr9ciples ( ,punctuation1 ,utt]ance1 ,analysis1 or :atev] else ( ,gramm>1 ! examples conta94 ,,lesson ,i4--,,figures ,,( ,,or?ography4 ,,mimesis ,,& ,,ar*aism4 ,i ax'd y :at y _h to sell4 ,i am fitt+ out a wessel = ,w5ice1 load+ h] ) w>i\s ke9ds ( pr[isions1 & wittuall+ h] = a long woyage2 & ,i want sev]al undr$ weight ( weal1 w5ison1 c41 ) pl5ty ( inyons & w9eg>1 = ! pres]wation ( eal?4--,columbian ,orator1 p4 #bib4 ,god bless y1 & lie /ill quiet 7says ,i7 a bit long]1 = my %i/]'s afraid ( gho/s1 & w\ld die on ! spot ) ! fright1 0 %e to see y come to life all on a sudd5 ?is way )\t ! lea/ prep>ation4--,edgewor?'s ,ca/le ,rackr5t1 p4 #adc4 ,none else are s desp]ately evill1 z !y t may bee good & w n3 or h be5e good & are n4--,rev4 ,john ,rog]s1 #afbj4 ,a ,c>p5t] f9ds 8 "w z hee left x1 b a ,m9i/] %all f9d 8 sett back4 ,y ne$ prea* cont9ually4--,id4 ,"h :ilom ligg'd ?' ,esopus ( 8 age1 ,b call'd by ,fame1 9 s\l yprick$ deep4--,?omson4 ,x 0 a f\nta9 ( ,nep5! r>e1 ,:5ce1 z ,dan ,hom] s+s1 huge pleasaunce grew4--,id4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,figures ,,( ,,etymology4 ,,aph,,resis1 ,,pro/hesis1 ,,syncope1 ,,apocope1 ,,p>agoge1 ,,di,,resis1 ,,syn,,resis1 ,,& ,,tmesis4 ,b5d 'ga9/ ! /eepy hill ?y brea/1 ,bur/ d[n l torr5t f its cre/4--,scott4 ',tis m9e to tea* ?' inactive h& to reap ,k9d nature's b\nties1 o'er ! globe diffus'd4--,dy]4 ,alas6 alas6 h[ impot5tly true ,?' arial p5cil =ms ! sc5e anew4--,caw?orne4 ,"h a de=m$ mon/] joy'd to won1 ,:i* on fell ranc\r ev] 0 yb5t4--,lloyd4 ,)\t5 trump 0 proclamation made4--,?omson4 ,! g5tle knight1 :o saw _! rueful case1 ,let fall ad[n 8 silv] be>d "s te>s4 ',c]tes1' quo? he1 'x is n e'en 9 grace1 ,t' undo ! pa/ & eke y\r brok5 ye>s4--,id4 ,va9 tamp'r+ has b fo/]'d 8 disease2 ',tis desp'rate1 & he sleeps ! sleep ( dea?4--,c[p]4 ',i h a pa9 ^u my =ehead "h'-- ',:y t's ) wat*+2 'twill away aga94'--,%akspe>e4 ,i'll to ! woods1 among ! happi] brutes2 ,come1 let's away2 h>k6 ! %rill horn res\nds4--,smi?4 ,:at pray] & supplication soev] be made4--,bible4 ,by ! grace ( ,god1 we h _h our conv]sation 9 ! _w1 & m abundantly to y w>d4--,ib4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,figures ,,( ,,syntax4 ,,figure ,i4--,,ellipsis4 ,& n[ he fa9tly k5s ! b\nd+ fawn1 ,& -- villag] -- abroad at e>ly toil4--,beattie4 ,! cottage curs at -- e>ly pilgrim b>k4--,id4 ',tis grant$1 & no pla9] tru? appe>s1 ,our mo/ important -- are our e>lie/ ye>s4--,c[p]4 ,to e>n h] aid1 ) fix'd & anxi\s eye1 ,he looks on nature's -- & on =tune's c\rse4--,ak5side4 ,= long] 9 t p>adise to dwell1 ,! law -- ,i gave to nature him =bids4--,milton4 ,s little m]cy %[s -- :o ne$s s mu*4--,c[p]4 ,bliss is ! same -- 9 subject1 z -- 9 k+2 ,9 -- :o obta9 def5ce1 & -- :o def5d4--,pope4 ,man made = k+s6 ^? optics are b dim ,t tell y s--say r1 !y -- = him4--,c[p]4 ,man may dismiss compassion f 8 he>t1 ,b ,god w nev] -------4--,id4 ,vig\r -- f toil1 f tr\ble pati5ce gr[s4--,beattie4 ,:]e n[ ! rill melodi\s1 -- pure1 & cool1 ,& meads1 ) life1 & mir?1 & beauty cr[n'd8--,id4 ,h[ dead ! vegetable k+dom lies6 ,h[ dumb ! tuneful ------------6--,?omson4 ,self-love & ,reason to "o end aspire1 ,pa9 -- _! av]sion1 pleasure -- _! desire2 ,b gre$y t its object w\ld dev\r1 ,?is -- ta/e ! honey1 & n w\nd ! fl[]4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,figures ,,( ,,syntax4 ,,figure ,,ii4--,,pleonasm4 ,accord+ to _! de$s1 accord+ly he w repay1 fury to 8 adv]s>ies1 recomp5se to 8 enemies2 to ! isl&s he w repay recomp5se4--,isaiah1 lix1 #ah4 ,op5 to me1 my si/]1 my love1 my dove1 my undefil$3 = my head is fill$ ) dew1 & my locks ) ! drops ( ! night4--,song ( ,sol41 v1 #b4 ,?\ ha/ *a/is$ me1 & ,i 0 *a/is$1 z a bullock unaccu/om$ to ! yoke3 turn ?\ me1 & ,i %all be turn$2 = ?\ art ! ,"l my ,god4--,j]41 xxxi1 #ah4 ,consid] ! lilies ( ! field h[ !y gr[4--,matt41 vi1 #bh4 ,he t glorie?1 let him glory 9 ! ,"l4--#b ,cor41 x1 #ag4 ,he too is witness1 noble/ ( ! tra9 ,t wait on man1 ! flight-p]=m+ horse4--,c[p]4 ,,figure ,,iii4--,,syllepsis4 ',?\ art ,simon ! son ( ,jona3 ?\ %alt be call$ ,cephas3' :i* is1 by int]pretation a /one4--,john1 i1 #db4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ( ho/s1 ',behold1 ,i w break ! b[ ( ,elam1 ! *ief ( _! might4'--,j]41 xlix1 #ce4 ,behold1 ,i lay 9 ,sion a /umbl+-/one & rock ( (f5ce3 & :osoev] believe? on him %all n be a%am$4--,rom41 ix1 #cc4 ,?us ,consci5ce pleads h] cause )9 ! brea/1 ,?\gh long rebell'd aga9/1 n yet suppress$4--,c[p]4 ,k is pr\d t he has le>n'd s mu*2 ,wisdom is humble t he kn[s no m4--,id4 ,= ^? ! race ( ,israel (t =sook ,_! liv+ /r5g?1 & unfrequ5t$ left ,8 righte\s alt>1 b[+ l[ly d[n ,to be/ial gods4--,milton1 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 i1 l4 #dcb4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,figures ,,( ,,syntax4 ,,figure ,,iv4--,,enallage4 ,let me tell y1 ,cassius1 y y\rself ,are mu* condemn$ to h an it*+ palm1 ,to sell & m>t y\r (fices = gold4--,%akspe>e4 ,come1 ,philomelus2 let u in/ant g1 ,o'erturn 8 b['rs1 & lay 8 ca/le l[4--,?omson4 ,!n palaces %all rise2 ! joyful son ,%all f9i% :at ! %ort-liv'd sire begun--,pope4 ,su* 0 t temple built by ,solomon1 ,?an :om none ri*] reign'd o'er ,israel4--,au?or4 ,he spoke3 ) fatal eag]ness we burn1 ,& quit ! %ores1 unde/9'd to return4--,day4 ,/ill z he pass'd1 ! nations he sublimes4--,?omson4 ,sometimes1 ) e>ly morn1 he m\nt$ gay4--,id4 ',i've lo/ a day'--! pr9ce :o nobly cri$1 ,_h be5 an emp]or )\t 8 cr[n4--,"y4 ,,figure ,v4--,,hyp]baton4 ,su* re/+ f\nd ! sole ( unble/ feet4--,milton4 ,yet1 ?\gh successless1 w ! toil delight4--,?omson4 ,:]e1 'mid/ ! *angeful sc5'ry ev] new1 ,fancy a ?\s& wondr\s =ms descries4--,beattie4 ,yet s mu* b\nty is 9 ,god1 su* grace1 ,t :o advance 8 glory1 n _! own1 ,!m he himself to glory w advance4--,milton4 ,no quick reply to dubi\s que/ions make2 ,susp5se & caution /ill prev5t mi/ake4--,d5ham4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,figures ,,( ,,rhetoric4 ,,figure ,i4--,,simile4 ,human greatness is %ort & transitory1 z ! od\r ( inc5se 9 ! fire4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,t]re/rial happ9ess is ( %ort cont9uance3 ! brightness ( ! flame is wa/+ its fuel1 ! fragrant fl[] is pass+ away 9 its own od\rs4--,id4 ,?y nod is z ! e>?quake t %akes ! m\nta9s2 & ?y smile1 z ! dawn ( ! v]nal day4--,id4 ,plants rais'd ) t5d]ness are seldom /rong2 ,man's colti% disposition asks ! ?ong2 ,&1 )\t discipl9e1 ! fav'rite *ild1 ,l a neglect$ =e/]1 runs wild4--,c[p]4 ,z turns a flock ( geese1 &1 on ! gre51 ,poke out _! fooli% necks 9 awkw>d sple51 7,ridicul\s 9 rage67 to hiss1 n bite1 ,s w> _! quills1 :5 sons ( dullness write4--,"y4 ,:o c unpity+ see ! fl[]y race1 ,%$ by ! morn1 _! new-flu%'d bloom resign1 ,be=e ?' unbat+ beam8 ,s fade ! fair1 ,:5 fev]s revel ?r\gh _! azure ve9s4--,?omson4 ,,figure ,,ii4--,,metaphor4 ,ca?mon1 ?y "n is a pleasant gale4--,ossian4 ,roll$ into himself he flew1 wide on ! bosom ( w9ds4 ,! old oak felt 8 dep>ture1 & %ook its :i/l+ head4--,id4 ,c>azan gradually lo/ ! incl9ation to d good1 z he acquir$ ! p[]2 z ! h& ( "t scatt]$ sn[ ^u 8 head1 ! freez9y influ5ce sic--,,k? ext5d$ to 8 bosom4--,hawkeswor?4 ,! sun grew we>y ( gild+ ! palaces ( ,morad2 ! cl\ds ( sorr[ ga!r$ r\nd 8 head2 & ! tempe/ ( hatr$ ro>$ ab\t 8 dwell+4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,figures ,,( ,,rhetoric4 ,,figure ,,iii4--,,allegory4 ,b :at ?9k ye8 ,a c]ta9 man _h two sons2 & he came to ! fir/1 & said1 ',son1 g "w to-day 9 my v9ey>d4' ,he answ]$ & said1 ',i w n2' b aft]w>d he rep5t$1 & w5t4 ,& he came to ! second1 & said likewise4 ,& he answ]$ & said1 ',i g1 sir2' & w5t n4 ,:e!r ( !m twa9 did ! w ( 8 fa!r8 ,!y say unto him1 ',! fir/4'--,matt41 xxi1 #bh-ca4 ,,figure ,,iv4--,,metonymy4 ,swift] ?an a :irlw9d1 flies ! lead5 dea?4--,h]vey4 ',be all ! dead =got1' said ,folda?'s bur/+ wra?4 ',did n ,i fail 9 ! field8'--,ossian4 ,_! furr[ (t ! /ubborn glebe has broke4--,gray4 ,firm 9 8 love1 resi/less 9 8 hate1 ,8 arm is conque/1 & 8 fr[n is fate4--,day4 ,at l5g? ! _w1 r5ew'd by calm repose1 ,0 /rong = toil2 ! dappl$ morn arose4--,p>nell4 ,:at modes ( sight betwixt ea* wide extreme1 ,! mole's dim curta9 & ! lynx's beam6 ,( he>+1 f ! life t fills ! flood1 ,to t :i* w>bles ?r\gh ! v]nal wood6--,pope4 ,,figure ,v4--,,synecdo*e4 ',twas !n 8 ?re%old fir/ receiv'd a gue/4--,p>nell4 ,= yet by swa9s alone ! _w he knew1 ,^: feet came w&'r+ o'er ! nightly dew4--,id4 ,flu%'d by ! _s ( ! g5ial ye>1 ,n[ f ! virg9's *eek a fre%] bloom ,%oots1 less & less1 ! live c>nation r\nd4--,?omson4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,figures ,,( ,,rhetoric4 ,,figure ,,vi4--,,hyp]bole4 ,i saw _! *ief1 tall z a rock ( ice2 8 spe>1 ! bla/$ fir2 8 %ield ! ris+ moon2 he sat on ! %ore1 l a cl\d ( mi/ on ! hill4--,ossian4 ,at :i* ! univ]sal ho/ up s5t ,a %\t1 t tore ,hell's concave1 & beyond ,fright$ ! reign ( ,*aos & old ,night4--,milton4 ,w all great ,neptune's ocean wa% ?is blood ,clean f my h&8 ,no2 ?is my h& w r ,! multitud9\s seas inc>nad9e1 ,mak+ ! gre5 "o r$6--,%akspe>e4 ,,figure ,,vii4--,,vision4 ,h[ mighty is _! def5ce :o rev]5tly tru/ 9 ! arm ( ,god6 ,h[ p[]fully d !y cont5d :o fight ) lawful weapons6 ,h>k6 ',tis ! voice ( eloqu5ce1 p\r+ =? ! liv+ en]gies ( ! s\l2 plead+1 ) g5]\s indignation & holy emotion1 ! cause ( injur$ humanity aga9/ lawless might1 & read+ ! awful de/9y t awaits ! oppressor6--,i see ! /]n c\nt5ance ( despotism ov]aw$6 ,i see ! eye fall51 t k9dl$ ! elem5ts ( w>6 ,i see ! br[ relax$1 t sc[l$ defiance at ho/ile ?\s&s6 ,i see ! knees tremble1 t trod ) firmness ! embattl$ field6 ,fe> has ent]$ t he>t :i* ambition _h betray$ into viol5ce6 ,! tyrant feels himself a man1 & subject to ! weakness ( humanity6--,behold6 & tell me1 is t p[] contemptible :i* c ?us f9d access to ! /]ne/ he>ts8--,au?or4 ,,figure ,,viii4--,,apo/rophe4 ,yet /ill !y brea! de/ruction1 /ill g on1 ,inhumanly +5i\s to f9d out ,new pa9s = life1 new t]rors = ! grave2 ,artific]s ( dea?6 ,/ill mon>*s dream ,( univ]sal empire gr[+ up ,f univ]sal ru94 ,bla/ ! design1 ,great ,god ( ,ho/s6 nor let ?y creatures fall ,unpiti$ victims at ,ambition's %r9e4--,porteus4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,figures ,,( ,,rhetoric4 ,,figure ,,ix4--,,p]sonification4 ,hail1 sacr$ ,polity1 by ,fre$om re>'d6 ,hail1 sacr$ ,fre$om1 :5 by ,law re/ra9'd6 ,)\t y1 :at 7 man8 ,a grov'l+ h]d1 ,9 d>kness1 wret*$ness1 & want1 en*a9'd4--,beattie4 ,let *e]ful ,mem'ry1 f h] pure/ cells1 ,lead =? a godly tra9 ( ,virtues fair1 ,*]i%'d 9 e>ly y\?1 n[ pay+ back ,) t5fold usury ! pi\s c>e4--,porteus4 ,,figure ,x4--,,erotesis4 ,he t *a/ise? ! hea!n1 %all n he correct8 ,he t tea*e? man k1 %all n he "k8--,psalms1 xciv1 #aj4 ,c ! ,e?iopian *ange 8 sk91 or ! leop>d 8 spots8 !n may ye also d good1 t are accu/om$ to d evil4--,j]emiah1 xiii1 #bc4 ,,figure ,,xi4--,,ecphonesis4 ,o t my head 7 wat]s1 & m9e eyes a f\nta9 ( te>s1 t ,i might weep day & night = ! sla9 ( ! daught] ( my p6 ,o t ,i _h 9 ! wild]ness a lodg+ place ( way-f>+ m51 t ,i might leave my p1 & g f !m6--,j]emiah1 ix1 #a4 ,,figure ,,xii4--,,anti!sis4 ,on ?is side1 mode/y is engag$2 on t1 impud5ce3 on ?is1 *a/ity2 on t1 lewdness3 on ?is1 integrity2 on t1 fraud3 on ?is1 piety2 on t1 pr(an5ess3 on ?is1 con/ancy2 on t1 fickl5ess3 on ?is1 hon\r2 on t1 bas5ess3 on ?is1 mod]ation2 on t1 unbridl$ passion4--,cic]o4 ,%e1 f ! r5d+ e>?1 & bur/+ skies1 ,saw gods desc5d1 & fi5ds inf]nal rise2 ,"h fix'd ! dreadful1 !re ! ble/ abodes2 ,fe> made h] devils1 & weak hope h] gods4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,figures ,,( ,,rhetoric4 ,,figure ,,xiii4--,,climax4 ,virtu\s actions are necess>ily approv$ by ! awak5$ consci5ce2 & :5 !y are approv$1 !y are comm5d$ to practice2 & :5 !y are practis$1 !y become easy2 & :5 !y become easy1 !y af=d pleasure2 & :5 !y af=d pleasure1 !y are done frequ5tly2 & :5 !y are done frequ5tly1 !y are confirm$ by habit3 & confirm$ habit is a k9d ( second nature4--,in/41 p4 #bdf4 ,weep all ( e "n3 beg9 ! wo1 ,ye woods1 & tell x to ! doleful w9ds2 ,& doleful w9ds1 wail to ! h[l+ hills2 ,& h[l+ hills1 m\rn to ! dismal vales2 ,& dismal vales1 sigh to ! sorr[+ brooks2 ,& sorrw+ brooks1 weep to ! weep+ /ream2 ,& weep+ /ream1 awake ! groan+ deep2 ,& let ! in/rum5t take up ! song1 ,responsive to ! voice--h>moni\s wo6--,pollok1 ,b4 vi1 l4 #aae4 ,,figure ,,xiv4--,,irony4 ,& x came to pass at noon1 t ,elijah mock$ !m1 & said1 ',cry al\d2 = he is a god3 ei!r he is talk+1 or he is pursu+1 or he is 9 on a j\rney1 or p]adv5ture he sleepe?1 & mu/ be awak$6' --#a ,k+s1 xviii1 #bg4 ,aft] ! numb] ( ! days 9 :i* ye se>*$ ! l&1 ev5 =ty days1 ea* day = a ye>1 %all ye be> y\r iniquities1 ev5 =ty ye>s2 & ye %all "k my brea* ( promise4--,numb]s1 xiv1 #cd4 ,"s lead a life unblamable & j1 ,_! own de> virtue _! un%ak5 tru/2 ,!y nev] s9--or if 7z all (f5d7 ,"s trivial slips _! daily walk att5d1 ,! poor are ne> at h&1 ! *>ge is small1 ,a slight gratuity atones = all4--,c[p]4 ,,figure ,,xv4--,,apophasis1 ,,or ,,p>alipsis4 ,i say no?+ ( ! notori\s pr(ligacy ( 8 "*2 no?+ ( ! reckless extravagance ) :i* he has wa/$ an ample =tune2 no?+ ( ! disgu/+ intemp]ance :i* has sometimes caus$ him to reel 9 our /reets2--b ,i av] t he has n be5 fai?ful to our int]e/s1--has n exhibit$ ei!r probity or ability 9 ! important (fice :i* he holds4 ,,figure ,,xvi4--,,onomatopoeia4 ,fi/,! foll[+ l9es1 f ,swift's ,poems1 satirically mimick ! imitative music ( a viol94 ,n[ sl[ly move y\r fiddle-/ick2 ,n[1 tantan1 tantantivi1 quick2 ,n[ trembl+1 %iv]+1 quiv]+1 quak+1 ,set hop+ he>ts ( ,lov]s a*+4 ,n[ sweep1 sweep ! deep4 ,see ,celia1 ,celia dies1 ,:ile true ,lov]s' eyes ,weep+ sleep1 ,sleep+ weep1 ,weep+ sleep1 ,bo-peep1 bo-peep4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,v]sification4 ,v]sification is ! =m+ ( t species ( lit]>y composition :i* is call$ v]se2 t is1 poetry1 or poetic numb]s4 ,,section ,i4--,,( ,,v]se4 ,v]se1 9 opposition to prose1 is language arrang$ into metrical l9es ( "s det]m9ate l5g? & rhy?m--language s ord]$ z to produce h>mony1 by a due succession ( poetic feet1 or ( syllables diff]+ 9 quantity or /ress4 ,,def9itions ,,& ,,pr9ciples4 ,! rhy?m ( v]se is its relation ( quantities2 ! modulation ( its numb]s2 or1 ! k9d ( metre1 measure1 or movem5t1 ( :i* x consi/s1 or by :i* x is p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$4 ,! quantity ( a syllable1 z commonly expla9$1 is ! relative portion ( "t occupi$ 9 utt]+ x4 ,9 poetry1 e syllable is consid]$ to be ei!r long or %ort4 ,a long syllable is usually reckon$ to be equal to two %ort ones4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ,engli% v]se1 long quantity co9cides always ) ! prim>y acc5t1 g5]ally also ) ! second>y1 z well z ) emphasis2 & %ort quantity1 z reckon$ by ! poets1 is f\nd only 9 unacc5t$ syllables1 & unemphatical monosyllabic words4#dhc ,! quantity ( a syllable1 :e!r long or %ort1 does n dep5d on :at is call$ ! long or ! %ort s\nd ( a v[el or diph?ong1 or on a suppos$ di/9ction ( acc5t z affect+ v[els 9 "s cases & consonants 9 o!rs1 b pr9cipally on ! degree ( en]gy or l\dness ) :i* ! syllable is utt]$1 :]eby a great] or less portion ( "t is employ$4 ,! op5 v[el s\nds1 :i* are commonly b n v accurately t]m$ long1 are ^? :i* are ! mo/ easily protract$1 yet !y (t5 occur 9 ! %orte/ & feeble/ syllables2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 no v[el s\nd1 t occurs "u ! usual /ress ( acc5t or ( emphasis1 is ei!r s %ort 9 its own nature1 or is s quickly jo9$ to ! succe$+ lett]1 t ! syllable is n "o ( long quantity4 ,mo/ monosyllables1 9 ,engli%1 are v>iable 9 quantity1 & may be made ei!r long or %ort1 z /rong or weak s\nds suit ! s5se & rhy?m2 b words ( great] l5g? are1 = ! mo/ "p1 fix$1 _! acc5t$ syllables be+ always long1 & a syllable imm$iately be=e or aft] ! acc5t almo/ always %ort4 ,"o ( ! mo/ obvi\s di/9ctions 9 poetry1 is t ( rhyme & blank v]se4 ,rhyme is a simil>ity ( s\nd1 comb9$ ) a diff]5ce3 occurr+ usually betwe5 ! la/ syllables ( diff]5t l9es1 b sometimes at o!r int]vals2 & s ord]$ t ! rhym+ syllables beg9 diff]5tly & end alike4 ,blank v]se is v]se )\t rhyme4 ,! pr9cipal rhym+ syllables are almo/ always long4 ,d\ble rhyme adds "o %ort syllable2 triple rhyme1 two4 ,su* syllables are r$undant 9 iambic & anape/ic v]ses2 9 l9es ( any o!r sort1 !y are g5]ally1 if n always1 includ$ 9 ! measure4 ,a ,/anza is a comb9ation ( sev]al v]ses1 or l9es1 :i*1 tak5 toge!r1 make a regul> division ( a poem4 ,x is ! common practice ( good v]sifi]s1 to =m all /anzas ( ! same poem aft] "o model4 ,! possible v>iety ( /anzas is inf9ite2 & ! actual v>iety met ) 9 pr9t is f> too great = detail4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,v]se1 9 ! broade/ acceptation ( ! t]m1 is poetry1 or metrical language1 9 g5]al4 ,?is1 to ! eye1 is usually di/+ui%$ f prose by ! mann] 9 :i* x is writt5 & pr9t$4 ,=1 9 v _m in/ances1 if ?is 7 n ! case1 ! read] w\ld be puzzl$ to disc]n ! diff]5ce4 ,! division ( poetry into its peculi> l9es1 is !re=e n a m]e accid5t4 ,! ^w v]se1 f ! ,lat9 v]sus1 lit]ally signifies a turn+4 ,ea* full l9e ( metre is accord+ly call$ a v]se2 because1 :5 its measure is complete1 ! writ] turns to place ano!r "u x4 ,a v]se1 !n1 9 ! prim>y s5se ( ! ^w ) u1 is1 ,a l9e consi/+ ( a c]ta9 succession ( s\nds1 & numb] ( syllables4--,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,todd1 ,bottes1 & o!rs4 ,or1 accord+ to ,web/]1 x is1 ,a poetic l9e1 consi/+ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( long & %ort syllables1 dispos$ accord+ to ! rules ( ! species ( poetry :i* ! au?or int5ds to compose4--,see ,am]ican ,dict41 #hvo4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,if to settle ! !ory ( ,engli% v]se on true & consi/5t pr9ciples1 is z difficult a matt]1 z ! manifold contr>ieties ( doctr9e among our prosodi/s w\ld indicate1 !re c be no great hope ( any s*eme entirely satisfactory to ! intellig5t exam9]4 ,! v elem5ts ( ! subject are mu* p]plex$ by ! incompatible dogmas ( au?ors deem$ skillful to elucidate x4 ,x w sc>cely be ?\ght a h>d matt] to di/+ui% true v]se f prose1 yet is x n well agre$1 :]e9 ! diff]5ce consi/s3 :at ! g5]ality reg>d z ! mo/ ess5tial elem5ts or *>act]i/ics ( ! =m]1 "s respectable au?ors dismiss entirely f _! def9itions ( bo? v]se & v]sification4 ,! exi/5ce ( quantity 9 our language2 ! dep5d5ce ( our rhy?ms on ! division ( syllables into long & %ort2 ! concurr5ce ( our acc5t1 7except 9 "s r>e & que/ionable in/ances17 ) long quantity only2 ! con/ant effect ( emphasis to l5g!n quantity2 ! limitation ( quantity to m]e duration ( s\nd2 ! doctr9e t quantity p]ta9s to all syllables z su*1 & n m]ely to v[el s\nds2 ! recognition ( ! same g5]al pr9ciples ( syllabication 9 poetry z 9 prose2 ! supposition t acc5t p]ta9s n to c]ta9 lett]s 9 p>ticul>1 b to c]ta9 syllables z su*2 ! limitation ( acc5t to /ress1 or p]cussion1 only2 ! conv]sion ( %ort syllables into long1 & long into %ort1 by a *ange ( acc5t2 our frequ5t =mation ( long syllables ) :at are call$ %ort v[els2 our m frequ5t =mation ( %ort syllables ) :at are call$ long or op5 v[els2 ! necessity ( "s ord] 9 ! succession ( feet or syllables to =m a rhy?m2 ! ne$ ( fram+ ea* l9e to correspond ) "s o!r l9e or l9es 9 l5g?2 ! propriety ( always mak+ ea* l9e susceptible ( scansion by itself3 all ^! po9ts1 s ess5tial to a true explanation ( ! nature ( ,engli% v]se1 ?\gh1 = ! mo/ "p1 well ma9ta9$ by "s prosodi/s1 are nev]!less d5i$ by "s1 s t opposite op9ions may be cit$ conc]n+ !m all4 ,i w\ld n sugge/ t all or any ( ^! po9ts are !reby made d\btful2 = !re may be opposite judgem5ts 9 a doz5 cases1 & yet concurr5ce en\gh 7if concurr5ce c d x7 to e/abli% !m e "o4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,an +5i\s poet & prosodi/ n[ liv+1#dhd ,edg> ,allan ,poe1 7to :om ,i owe a ^w or two ( reply17 9 8 ,notes ^u ,engli% ,v]se1 ) great self-complac5cy1 repres5ts1 t1 ,:ile mu* has be5 writt5 ^u ! /ructure ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 rhy?ms1 comp>atively no?+ has be5 done z reg>ds ! ,engli%2 t1 ,x may be said1 inde$1 we are )\t a treatise ^u our own v]sification2 t ,! v be/ def9ition ( v]sification#dhe to be f\nd 9 any ( our ord9>y treatises on ! topic1 has n a s+le po9t :i* does n involve an error2 t1 ,a lead+ deft 9 ea* ( ^! treatises is ! conf9+ ( ! subject to m]e v]sification1 :ile metre1 or rhy?m1 9 g5]al1 is ! real "q at issue2 t1 ,v]sification is n ! art1 b ! act'--( mak+ v]ses2 t1 ,a correspond5ce 9 ! l5g? ( l9es is by no means ess5tial2 t ,h>mony produc$ by ! regul> alt]nation ( syllables diff]+ 9 quantity1 does n include melody2 t ,a regul> alt]nation1 z describ$1 =ms no "p ( ! pr9ciple ( metre3 t ,!re is no necessity ( any regul>ity 9 ! succession ( feet2 t1 ,by consequ5ce1 he v5tures to dispute ! ess5tiality ( any alt]nation1 regul> or irregul>1 ( syllables long & %ort3 t1 ,= any?+ m intelligible or m satisfactory ?an ?is def9ition i4 e41 ,g4 ,br[n's =m] def9ition ( v]sification1 we %all look 9 va9 9 any publi%$ treatise ^u ! subject2 t1 ,s g5]al & s total a failure c be ref]r$ only to "s radical misconception2 t1 ,! ^w v]se is d]iv$ 7?r\gh v]sus f ! ,lat9 v]to1 ,i turn17 & 99 99 99 99 x c be no?+ b ?is d]ivation1 :i* has l$ to ! error ( our writ]s ^u prosody2 t1 ,x is ?is :i* has s$uc$ !m into reg>d+ ! l9e itself--! v]sus1 or turn+--z an ess5tial1 or pr9ciple ( metre2 t1 ,h5ce ! t]m v]sification has be5 employ$ z suffici5tly g5]al1 or inclusive1 = treatises ^u rhy?m 9 g5]al2 t1 ,h5ce1 also1 comes ! precise catalogue ( a few v>ieties ( ,engli% l9es1 :5 ^! v>ieties are1 9 fact1 almo/ )\t limit2 t1 ,i1 ! a=esaid ,edg> ,allan ,poe1 %all dismiss entirely1 f ! consid]ation ( ! pr9ciple ( rhy?m1 ! idea ( v]sification1 or ! con/ruction ( v]se2 t1 ,9 s do+1 we %all avoid a _w ( confusion2 t1 ,v]se is1 inde$1 an aft]?\ght1 or an embelli%m5t1 or an improvem5t1 r ?an an elem5t ( rhy?m2 t1 ,?is fact has induc$ ! easy admission1 into ! realms ( ,poesy1 ( su* works z ! ',tlmaque' ( ,f5elon2 because1 =soo?1 ,9 ! elaborate modulation ( _! s5t5ces1 ,,!y ,,fulfil ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,metre4--,! ,pione]1 a ,lit]>y & ,critical ,magaz9e 7,bo/on1 ,m>*1 #ahdc17 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ajb to #aje4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,hold+ ^! ?+s 9 view1 cont9ues ?is %>p connoisseur1 ! prosodi/ :o rightly exam9es t :i* con/itutes ! ext]nal1 or mo/ imm$iately recognisable1 =m ( ,poetry1 w comm5ce ) ! def9ition ( ,rhy?m4 ,n[ rhy?m1 f ! ,greek ,greek3 ari?mos1 numb]1 is a t]m :i*1 9 its pres5t application1 v ne>ly conveys its own idea4 ,no m prop] ^w c\ld be employ$ to pres5t ! conception int5d$2 = rhy?m1 9 prosody1 is1 9 its la/ analysis1 id5tical ) "t 9 music4 ,= ?is reason1 says he1 ,i h us$1 ?r\gh\t ?is article1 z synonym\s ) rhy?m1 ! ^w metre f ,greek3 metron1 measure4 ,ei!r ! "o or ! o!r may be def9$ z ! arrangem5t ( words into two or m consecutive1 equal1 pulsations ( "t4 ,^! pulsations are feet4 ,two feet1 at lea/1 are requisite to con/itute a rhy?m2 j z1 9 ma!matics1 two units are necess>y to =m a numb]4#dhf ,! syllables ( :i* ! foot consi/s1 :5 ! foot is n a syllable 9 itself1 are subdivisions ( ! pulsations4 ,no equality is dem&$ 9 ^! subdivisions4 ,x is only requir$ t1 s f> z reg>ds two consecutive feet at lea/1 ! sum ( ! times ( ! syllables 9 "o1 %all be equal to ! sum ( ! times ( ! syllables 9 ! o!r4 ,beyond two pulsations !re is no necessity = equality ( "t4 ,all beyond is arbitr>y or conv5tional4 ,a ?ird or f\r? pulsation may embody half1 or d\ble1 or any proportion ( ! "t occupi$ 9 ! two fir/4 ,rhy?m be+ ?us und]/ood1 ! prosodi/ %\ld proce$ to def9e v]sification z ! mak+ ( v]ses1 & v]se z ! arbitr>y or conv5tional isolation ( rhy?m into masses ( great] or less ext5t4--,ib41 p4 #aje4 ,,obs4 #e4--,no m>vel t all usual conceptions & def9itions ( rhy?m1 ( v]sification1 & ( v]se1 %\ld be f\nd dissatisfactory to ! critic ^: idea ( metre is fulfill$ by ! pomp\s prose ( ,f5elon's ,tlmaque4 ,no "r or real exam9ation ( ?is matt] c ev] make ! mo/ imm$iately recognizable =m ( poetry to be any ?+ else ?an ! =m ( v]se--! =m ( writ+ 9 specific l9es1 ord]$ by numb] & *ime ( syllables1 & n squ>$ by gage ( ! compos+-/ick4 ,& z to ! d]ivation & primitive signification ( rhy?m1 x is pla9 t 9 ! extract above1 bo? are misrepres5t$4 ,! etymology !re giv5 is a gross error2 =1 ! ,greek ,greek3 ari?mos1 numb]1 w\ld make1 9 ,engli%1 n rhy?m1 b ari?m1 z 9 ari?metic4 ,betwe5 ! two comb9ations1 !re is ! palpable diff]5ce ( ?ree or f\r lett]s 9 ei!r six2 = nei!r ( ^! =ms c be v>i$ to ! o!r1 b by dropp+ "o lett]1 & add+ an o!r1 & *ang+ a ?ird1 & mov+ a f\r?4 ,rhy?m is d]iv$1 n !nce1 b f ! ,greek ,greek3 rhy?mos2 :i*1 accord+ to ! lexicons1 is a primitive ^w1 & means1 rhy?mus1 rhy?m1 conc9nity1 modulation1 measur$ tune1 or regul> fl[1 & n numb]4 ,,obs4 #f4--,rhy?m1 ( c\rse1 l e o!r ^w n misappli$1 conveys its own idea2 & t1 n qualifi$ly1 or v ne>ly1 b exactly4 ,t ?is idea1 h[ev]1 0 orig9ally t ( ari?metical numb]1 or is ne>ly s n[1 is ab\t z fanciful a notion1 z ! happy sugge/ion add$ above1 t rhy?m 9 lieu ( ari?m or numb]1 is ! fitte/ ( words1 because rhy?m 9 prosody is "t 9 music6 ,)\t dispute1 x is important to ! prosodi/1 & also to ! poet or v]sifi]1 to h z accurate an idea z possible ( ! import ( ?is common t]m1 ?\gh x is obs]vable t _m ( our gramm>ians make little or no use ( x4 ,t x has "s relation to numb]s1 is und5iable4 ,b :at is x8 ,poetic numb]s1 & numb]s 9 ari?metic1 & numb]s 9 gramm>1 are ?ree totally diff]5t sorts ( ?+s4 ,rhy?m is relat$ only to ! fir/4 ,( ! signification ( ?is ^w1 a rec5t expositor gives ! foll[+ brief explanation3 ,,rhy?m1 n4 ,metre2 v]se2 numb]s4 ,proportion appli$ to any motion :atev]4--,bolles's ,diction>y1 #hvo4 ,to ?is def9ition1 ,worce/] prefixes ! foll[+3 ,! consonance ( measure & "t 9 poetry1 prose composition1 & music2--also 9 danc+4--,univ]sal & ,critical ,dict4 ,9 v]se1 ! proportion :i* =ms rhy?m--t is1 ! *ime ( quantities--is appli$ to ! s\nds ( syllables4 ,s\nds1 h[ev]1 may be consid]$ z a species ( motion1 especially ^? :i* are rhy?mical or musical4#dhg ,x seems m /rictly correct1 to reg>d rhy?m z a prop]ty ( poetic numb]s1 ?an to id5tify x ) !m4 ,x is _! proportion or modulation1 r ?an ! numb]s !mselves4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,web/]1 ,,rhy?m1 or ,,rhy?mus1 9 music is v>iety 9 ! movem5t z to quickness or sl[ness1 or l5g? & %ortness ( ! notes2 or r ! proportion :i* ! p>ts ( ! motion h to ea* o!r4--,am]ican ,dict4 ,! la/ analysis ( rhy?m c be no?+ else ?an ! r$uction ( x to its lea/ p>ts4 ,& if1 9 ?is r$uction1 x is id5tical ) "t1 !n x is "h ! same ?+ z quantity1 :e!r prosodical or musical2 =1 ,! "t ( a note1 or syllable1 is call$ quantity4 ,! "t ( a re/ is also call$ quantity2 because re/s1 z well z notes are a con/itu5t ( rhy?m4--,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #fd4 ,b rhy?m is1 9 fact1 nei!r "t nor quantity2 = ! analysis :i* w\ld make x su*1 de/roys ! relation 9 :i* ! ?+ consi/s4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,( ,,acc5t ,,& ,,quantity4 ,acc5t & ,quantity h already be5 briefly expla9$ 9 ! second *apt] ( ,prosody1 z items com+ "u ! head ( ,pronunciation4 ,:at we h to say ( !m "h1 w be ?r[n into ! =m ( critical obs]vations2 9 ! progress ( :i*1 _m quotations f o!r writ]s on ^! subjects1 w be pres5t$1 %[+ :at has be5 mo/ popul>ly taught4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,acc5t & quantity are di/9ct ?+s2#dhh ! =m] be+ ! /ress1 =ce1 l\dness1 or p]cussion ( voice1 t di/+ui%es c]ta9 syllables f o!rs2 & ! latt]1 ! "t1 di/+ui%$ z long or %ort1 9 :i* a syllable is utt]$4 ,b1 z ! great s\nds :i* we utt]1 naturally take m "t ?an ! small ones1 !re is a necess>y connexion betwe5 quantity & acc5t 9 ,engli%1--a connexion :i* is sometimes exp\nd$ z be+ ! m]e relation ( cause & effect2 nor is x 9 fact mu* diff]5t f t4 ,z no utt]ance c be agreeable to ! e>1 :i* is void ( proportion2 & z all quantity1 or proportion ( "t 9 utt]ance1 dep5ds ^u a due obs]vation ( ! acc5t2 x is a matt] ( absolute necessity to all1 :o w\ld arrive at a good & graceful deliv]y1 to be ma/] ( t po9t4 ,nor is ! use ( acc5t 9 our language conf9$ to quantity alone2 b x is also ! *ief m>k by :i* words are di/+ui%$ f m]e syllables4 ,or r ,i may say1 x is ! v ess5ce ( words1 :i* )\t t1 w\ld be only s _m collections ( syllables4--,%]idan's ,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #fa4 ,z no utt]ance :i* is void ( proportion1 c be agreeable to ! e>2 & z quantity1 or proportion ( "t 9 utt]ance1 greatly dep5ds on a due att5tion to ! acc5t2 x is absolutely necess>y = e p]son1 :o w\ld atta9 a j & pleas+ deliv]y1 to be ma/] ( t po9t4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bda2 #abmo1 #aid4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 ! fir/ obs]vation on ,prosody1 at page #ggj1 & 9 its m>g9al notes1 0 ref]5ce made to ! fact1 t ! nature & pr9ciples ( acc5t & quantity are involv$ 9 difficulty1 by reason ( ! diff]5t views ( au?ors conc]n+ !m4 ,to ?is s\rce ( emb>rassm5t1 x seems necess>y "h aga9 to adv]t2 because x is ^u ! di/9ction ( syllables 9 respect to quantity1 or acc5t1 or bo?1 t e sy/em ( v]sification1 except 8 :o m]ely c\nts1 is bas$4 ,& fur!r1 x is n only requisite t ! pr9ciple ( di/9ction :i* we adopt %\ld be cle>ly made kn[n1 b also prop] to consid] :i* ( ^! ?ree modes is ! be/ or mo/ popul> f\ndation = a !ory ( v]sification4 ,:e!r or :]e9 ! acc5t & quantity ( ! anci5t languages1 ,lat9 & ,greek1 diff]$ f ^? ( our pres5t ,engli%1 we ne$ n n[ inquire4 ,f ! def9itions :i* ! le>n$ lexicograph]s ,littleton & ,a9swor? give to prosodia1 prosody1 x w\ld seem t1 ) !m1 ! art ( acc5t+ 0 no?+ else ?an ! art ( giv+ to syllables _! "r quantity1 :e!r long or %ort4 ,& "s h *>g$ x z a gl>+ error1 long preval5t among ,engli% gramm>ians1 & /ill a fruitful s\rce ( disputes1 to conf\nd acc5t ) quantity 9 our language4#dhi ,?is *>ge1 h[ev]1 !re is reason to believe1 is sometimes1 if n 9 mo/ cases1 made on gr\nds r fanciful ?an real2 = "s h evid5tly mi/ak5 ! notion ( concurr5ce or co9cid5ce = t ( id5tity4 ,b1 to affirm t ! /ress :i* we call acc5t1 co9cides always & only ) long quantity1 does n necess>ily make acc5t & quantity to be "o & ! same ?+4 ,! great] =ce or l\dness :i* causes ! acc5t$ syllable to occupy m "t ?an any o!r1 is 9 itself some?+ diff]5t f "t4 ,besides1 quantity is divisible1--be+ ei!r long or %ort3 ^! two species ( x are ackn[l$g$ on all sides1 & "s few prosodi/s w h a ?ird1 :i* !y call common4 #dij ,b1 ( our ,engli% acc5t1 ! ^w be+ tak5 9 its usual acceptation1 no su* division is ev]1 ) any propriety1 made2 = ev5 ! /ress :i* we call second>y acc5t1 p]ta9s to long syllables r ?an to %ort ones2 & ! m]e abs5ce ( /ress1 :i* produces %ort quantity1 we d n call acc5t4#dia ,,obs4 #c4--,! impropriety ( affirm+ quantity to be ! same z acc5t1 :5 its mo/ frequ5t species occurs only 9 ! abs5ce ( acc5t1 mu/ be obvi\s to e body2 & ^? writ]s :o any:]e sugge/ ?is id5tity1 mu/ ei!r h writt5 absurdly1 or h tak5 acc5t 9 "s s5se :i* includes ! s\nds ( our unacc5t$ syllables4 ,! ^w sometimes means1 ,! modulation ( ! voice 9 speak+4--,worce/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,acc5t4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! light] z well z ! m impressive s\nds are includ$2 b /ill1 :e!r bo? toge!r1 consid]$ z acc5ts1 c be reckon$ ! same z long & %ort quantities1 is que/ionable4 ,"s say1 !y _c2 & insi/ t !y are yet z diff]5t1 z ! v>iable tones ( a trumpet1 :i* swell & fall1 are diff]5t f ! m]ely l\d & s(t notes ( ! monoton\s drum4 ,?is illu/ration ( ! easy ,di/9ction betwixt ,quantity & ,acc5t is cit$ ) comm5dation1 9 ,brightl&'s ,gramm>1 on page #aeg?2#dib ! au?or ( :i* gramm>1 seems to h und]/ood ,acc5t1 or ,acc5ts1 to be ! same z ,inflections--?\gh ^! are /ill unlike to quantities1 if he did s4 7,see an explanation ( ,inflections 9 ,*ap4 ,,ii1 ,sec4 iii1 ,art4 #c1 above47 ,8 exposition is ?is3 ,acc5t is ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! ,voice1 above or "u its usual ,tone4 ,!re are ?ree ,sorts ( ,acc5ts1 an ,acute1 a ,grave1 & an ,inflex1 :i* is also call'd a ,circumflex4 ,! ,acute1 or ,%>p1 naturally raises ! ,voice2 & ! ,grave1 or ,base1 z naturally falls x4 ,! ,circumflex is a k9d ( ,undulation1 or ,wav+ ( ! ,voice4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 ,sev5? ,ed41 ,lond41 #agdf1 p4 #aef4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,dr4 ,johnson1 ^: great au?ority c\ld n fail to c>ry "s o!rs ) him1 too evid5tly id5tifies acc5t ) quantity1 at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 ,prosody4 ,,pronunciation is j1 says he1 :5 e lett] has its prop] s\nd1 & :5 e syllable has its prop] acc5t1 or :i* 9 ,engli% v]sification is ! same1 its prop] quantity4-- ,johnson's ,gram41 be=e ,dict41 #dto1 p4 #ac2 ,john ,burn's ,gram41 p4 #bdj2 ,jones's ,prosodial ,gram41 be=e ,dict41 p4 #aj4 ,n[ our mo/ common notion ( acc5t--! sole notion ) _m--& t :i* ! acc5tuation ( ,johnson himself ev]y:]e inculcates--is1 t x belongs n to e syllable1 b only to "s p>ticul> syllables1 be+ ei!r a /ress ( voice on a c]ta9 syllable1 or a small m>k to d5ote su* /ress4--,see ,scott's ,dict41 or ,worce/]'s4 ,b ,dr4 ,johnson1 9 ! passage above1 mu/ h und]/ood ! ^w acc5t agreeably to 8 own imp]fect def9ition ( x2 to wit1 z ! s\nd giv5 to ! syllable pron\nc$4--,joh4 ,dict4 ,an unacc5t$ syllable mu/ h be5 to him a syllable unpron\nc$4 ,9 %ort he does n appe> to h recogniz$ any syllables z be+ unacc5t$4 ,! ^w unacc5t$ _h no place 9 8 lexicography1 nor c\ld h any )\t inconsi/5cey4 sic--,,k? ,x 0 unaptly add$ to 8 text1 aft] sixty ye>s1 by "o ( 8 am5d]s1 ,todd or ,*alm]s2 :o /ill bl9dly neglect$ to am5d 8 def9ition ( acc5t4 ,9 ^! p>ticul>s1 ,walk]'s diction>ies exhibit ! same defici5cies z ,johnson's2 & yet no au?or has m frequ5tly us$ ! words acc5t & unacc5t$1 ?an did ,walk]4#dic ,mason's ,supplem5t1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahja1 mu/ h sugge/$ to ! revis]s ( ,johnson ! addition ( ! latt] t]m1 z appe>s by ! au?ority cit$ = x3 ,,una',,cc5t$1 adj4 ,n acc5t$4 ',x be+ en\gh to make a syllable long1 if x be acc5t$1 & %ort1 if x be unacc5t$4' ,h>ris's ,philological ,inquiries4--,mason's ,sup4 ,,obs4 #e--,?is doctr9e ( ,h>ris's1 t long quantity accompanies ! acc5t1 & unacc5t$ syllables are %ort1 is f> f conf\nd+ or id5tify+ acc5t ) quantity1 z has already be5 %[n2 &1 ?\gh x pla9ly contradicts "s ( ! elem5t>y tea*+ ( ,johnson1 ,%]idan1 ,walk]1 ,murray1 ,web/]1 ,la?am1 ,f[l]1 & o!rs1 9 reg>d to ! l5g? or %ortness ( c]ta9 syllables1 x has be5 cle>ly ma9ta9$ by _m excell5t au?ors1 s t no opposite !ory is bett] support$ by au?ority4 ,on ?is po9t1 our language /&s n alone2 = ! acc5t controls quantity 9 "s o!rs4#did ,g ,h4 ,noehd51 a writ] ( uncommon ability1 9 8 ,g]man ,gramm> = ,engli%m51 def9es acc5t to be1 z we see x is 9 ,engli%1 t /ress :i* m>ks a p>ticul> syllable 9 speak+2 & recogniz+1 z we d1 bo? a full acc5t & a p>tial "o1 or demi-acc5t1 pres5ts ! syllables ( 8 language z be+ ( ?ree conditions3 ! acc5t$1 :i* _c be us$ o!rwise ?an z long2 ! half-acc5t$ :i* mu/ be reg>d$ z ambigu\s1 or common2 & ! acc5tless1 :i* are 9 _! nature %ort4--,see ,noehd5's ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,8 middle class1 h[ev]1 our prosodi/s 9 g5]al v prop]ly disp5se )4 ,9 ,fiske's ,hi/ory ( ,greek ,lit]ature1 :i* is among ! additions to ! ,manual ( ,classical ,lit]ature f ! ,g]man ( ,es*5burg1 are ! foll[+ passages3 ,! tone i4e4 acc5t 9 ,greek is plac$ ^u %ort syllables z well z long2 9 ,g]man1 x accompanies regul>ly only long syllables4--,9 giv+ an acc5t to a syllable 9 an ,engli% ^w we !reby r5d] x a long syllable1 :atev] may be ! s\nd giv5 to its v[el1 & 9 :atev] way ! syllable may be compos$2 s t z above /at$ 9 relation to ! ,g]man1 an ,engli% acc5t1 or /ress 9 pronunciation1 accompanies only a long syllable4--,manual ( ,class4 ,lit41 p4 #dcg4 ,) ^! extracts1 accords ! doctr9e ( "s ( ! able/ ( our ,engli% gramm>ians4 ,9 ! ,engli% ,pronunciation1 says ,william ,w>d1 !re is a c]ta9 ,/ress ( ! ,voice laid on "s "o syllable at lea/1 ( e ,^w ( two or m ,syllables2 & t ,syllable on :i* ! ,/ress is laid may be consid]$ long4 ,our ,gramm>ians h agre$ to consid] ?is ,/ress ( ! ,voice z ! ,acc5t 9 ,engli%2 & !re=e ! ,acc5t & long ,quantity co9cide 9 our ,language4--,w>d's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,z to ! v[el s\nds1 ) ! quantity ( :i* _m prosodi/s h greatly puzzl$ bo? !mselves & _! read]s1 ?is writ] says1 !y may be made z long1 or z %ort1 z ! ,speak] pleases4--,ib41 p4 #d4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,f ! absurd & contradictory nature ( _m ( ! pr9ciples usually laid d[n by our gramm>ians1 = ! discrim9ation ( long quantity & %ort1 x is q app>5t1 t b v few ( !m h well und]/ood ei!r ! di/9ction itself or _! own rules conc]n+ x4 ,take ,fi%] = an example4 ,9 ,fi%]'s ,practical ,gramm>1 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #agec1--;a "w n unsuccessful1 s9ce ,wells quotes ! #bh? edition z appe>+ 9 #agie1 & ?is 0 n ! la/--we f9d1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! v[el s\nds di/+ui%$ z long or %ort ?us3 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,s\nds has a ,v[el8 ,a4 ,two 9 g5]al1 viz4 #a4 ,a ,,long ,,s\nd1 ,:5 ! ,syllable ends ) a ,v[el1 ei!r 9 ,monosyllables1 or 9 ,words ( m ,syllables2 z1 take1 we1 ,i1 go1 nil2 or1 z1 ,nature1 ,nero1 ,nitre1 ,novice1 ,nuisance4 #b4 ,a ,,%ort ,,s\nd1 ,:5 ! ,syllable ends ) a ,consonant1 ei!r 9 ,monosyllables1 or o!rs2 z ,hat1 her1 bx1 rob1 ,tun2 or1 z ,barb]1 bitt51 ,button4--,see p4 #e4 ,to ?is rule1 ! au?or makes ne$less exceptions ( all su* words z balance & bani%1 :]e9 a s+le consonant betwe5 two v[els goes to ! =m]2 because1 l ,johnson1 ,murray1 & mo/ ( our old gramm>ians1 he divides on ! v[el2 falsely calls ! acc5t$ syllable %ort2 & imag9es ! consonant to be he>d twice1 or to h a d\ble ,acc5t4 ,on page #ce?1 he tells u t1 ,long & %ort ,v[els1 & long & %ort ,syllables1 are synonim\s --synonym\s1 f ,greek3 synonymos-- ,t]ms2 & s inde$ h !y be5 mo/ errone\sly consid]$ by sundry subsequ5t writ]s2 & ! consequ5ce is1 t all :o judge by _! crit]ia1 mi/ake ! poetic quantity1 or prosodical value1 ( p]haps "o half ! syllables 9 ! language4 ,let ea* syllable be reckon$ long t ends ) a ,v[el1 & ea* %ort t ends ) a ,consonant1 & ! decision w probably be (t5] wrong ?an "r2 = m syllables end ) consonants ?an ) v[els1 & ( ! latt] class a majority are )\t /ress & !re=e %ort4 ,?us ! =ego+ pr9ciple1 contr>y to ! univ]sal practice ( ! poets1 det]m9es _m acc5t$ syllables to be %ort2 z ! fir/ 9 b>b]1 bitt51 button1 balance1 bani%2-- & _m unacc5t$ ones to be long2 z ! la/ 9 s(a1 specie1 noble1 metre1 sorr[1 daisy1 valley1 nature1 native2 or ! fir/ 9 ar\nd1 be=e1 delay1 divide1 remove1 seclude1 obey1 cocoon1 presume1 propose1 & o!r words innum]able4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,fi%]'s conceptions ( acc5t & quantity1 z con/itut+ prosody1 7 mu* tru] to ! orig9al & etymological s5se ( ! words1 ?an to any j or useful view ( ,engli% v]sification3 9 %ort1 ?is latt] subject 0 n ev5 m5tion$ by him2 = prosody1 9 8 s*eme1 0 no?+ b ! "r pronunciation ( words1 or :at we n[ call or?opy4 ,?is "p ( 8 ,gramm> comm5ces ) ! foll[+ que/ions & answ]s3 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,mean+ ( ! ,^w ,,prosody8 ,a4 ,x is a ,^w borr[$ f ! ,greek2 :i*1 9 ,lat91 is r5d]$ ,acc5tus1 & 9 ,engli% ,acc5t4 ,q4 ,:at d y mean by ,acc5t8 ,a4 ,acc5t orig9ally signifi$ a ,modulation ( ! ,voice1 or *ant+ to a musical ,in/rum5t2 b is n[ g5]ally us$ to signify ,due ,pronunciatian1 i4e4 ! pron\nc+ ( a syllable accord+ to its ,quantity1 7:e!r x be long or %ort17 ) a /rong] ,=ce or ,/ress ( ,voice ?an ! o!r ,syllables 9 ! same ,^w2 z1 a 9 able1 o 9 above1 c4 ,q4 ,:at is ,quantity8 ,a4 ,quantity is ! diff]5t ,measure ( ,"t 9 pron\nc+ ,syllables1 f :5ce !y are call$ long or %ort4 ,q4 ,:at is ! ,proportion betwe5 a long & a %ort ,syllable8 ,a4 ,two to "o2 t is1 a long ,syllable is twice z long 9 pron\nc+ z a %ort "o2 z1 ,hate1 ,hat4 ,?is m>k 77 set ov] a ,syllable1 %[s t x is long1 & ?is 77 t x is %ort2 z1 record1 record4 ,q4 ,h[ d y "k long & %ort ,syllables8 ,a4 ,a ,syllable is long or %ort accord+ to ! ,situation ( ! ,v[el1 i4e4 x is g5]ally long :5 x ends ) a ,v[el1 & %ort :5 ) a ,consonant2 z1 ,fa- 9 ,fav\r1 & ,man- 9 ,mann]4--,fi%]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,n[ "o gr& mi/ake ( ?is is1 t x supposes syllabication to fix ! quantity1 & quantity to det]m9e ! acc5t2 :]eas x is pla91 t acc5t controls quantity1 s f> at lea/ t1 9 ! con/ruction ( v]se1 a syllable fully acc5t$ _c be reckon$ %ort4 ,& ?is mi/ake is practical2 = we see1 t1 9 ?ree ( 8 examples1 out ( ! f\r above1 ! au?or himself mis/ates ! quantity1 because he disreg>ds ! acc5t3 ! v]b re-cord'1 be+ acc5t$ on ! second syllable1 is an iambus2 & ! n\ns rec'-ord & man'-n]1 be+ acc5t$ on ! fir/1 are tro*ees2 & j z pla9ly s1 z is ! ^w favour4 ,b a /ill great] blund] "h obs]vable is1 t1 z a due pronunciation necess>ily includes ! utt]ance ( e syllable1 ! explanation above /olidly supposes all our syllables to be acc5t$1 ea* accord+ to its ,quantity1 7:e!r x be long or %ort17 & ea* ) a /rong] ,=ce or ,/ress ( ,voice1 ?an ! o!r ,syllables6 ,absurdity ak9 to ?is1 & /ill m wor?y to be criticis$1 has s9ce be5 propagat$ by ,%]idan1 by ,walk]1 & by ,l9dley ,murray1 ) a ho/ ( foll[]s1 z ,alg]1 ,d4 ,blair1 ,comly1 ,coop]1 ,cutl]1 ,dav5port1 ,felton1 ,f[l]1 ,fro/1 ,guy1 ,jaudon1 ,p>k] & ,fox1 ,picket1 ,pond1 ,putnam1 ,russell1 ,smi?1 & o!rs4 ,,obs4 #h4--,%]idan 0 an able & practical tea*] ( ,engli% pronunciation1 & "o :o appe>s to h ga9$ reputation by all he und]took1 :e!r z an actor1 z an elocutioni/1 or z a lexicograph]4 ,8 publications t ref] to t subject1 ?\gh n[ mo/ly sup]s$$ by o!rs ( lat] date1 are /ill wor?y to be consult$4 ,! *ief ( !m are1 8 ,lectures on ,elocution1 8 ,lectures on ! ,art ( ,read+1 8 ,rhetorical ,gramm>1 8 ,elem5ts ( ,engli%1 & 8 ,engli% ,diction>y4 ,8 ?ird lecture on ,elocution1 & _m pages ( ! ,rhetorical ,gramm>1 are devot$ to acc5t & quantity--subjects :i* he conceiv$ to h be5 greatly misrepres5t$ by o!r writ]s up to 8 "t4#die ,to ?is au?or1 z x w\ld seem1 we owe ! inv5tion ( t absurd doctr9e1 s9ce copi$ into a great multitude ( our ,engli% gramm>s1 t ! acc5t on a syllable ( two or m lett]s1 belongs1 n to ! :ole ( x1 b only to "s ,,"o ,,lett]2 & t accord+ to ! "* ( ?is lett]1 z v[el or consonant1 ! same /ress s]ves to l5g!n or %ort5 ! syllable's quantity6 ,( ?is matt]1 he speaks ?us3 ,! great di/9ction ( our acc5t dep5ds ^u its seat2 :i* may be ei!r ^u a v[el or a consonant4 ,^u a v[el1 z 9 ! words1 glry1 f!r1 hly4 ,^u a consonant1 z 9 ! words1 hab'x1 bor'r[1 bat'tle4 ,:5 ! acc5t is on ! v[el1 ! syllable is long2 because ! acc5t is made by dwell+ ^u ! v[el4 ,:5 x is on ! consonant1 ! syllable is %ort2#dif because ! acc5t is made by pass+ rapidly ov] ! v[el1 & giv+ a sm>t /roke ( ! voice to ! foll[+ consonant4 ,obvi\s z ?is po9t is1 x has :olly escap$ ! obs]vation ( all our gramm>ians & compil]s ( diction>ies2 :o1 in/ead ( exam9+ ! peculi> g5ius ( our tongue1 implicitly & p$antically h foll[$ ! ,greek me?od ( always plac+ ! acc5tual m>k ov] a v[el4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,! au?or's repreh5sion ( ! old mode ( acc5tuation1 is n )\t reason2 b 8 great di/9ction ( %ort & long syllables is only fit to puzzle or mislead ! read]4 ,= x is pla91 t ! fir/ syllables ( hab'x1 bor'r[1 & bat'tle1 are twice z long z ! la/2 &1 9 poetry1 ^! words are tro*ees1 z well z ! o!r ?ree1 glo'ry1 fa'!r1 & ho'ly4 ,,obs4 #i4--,! only important di/9ction 9 our acc5t1 is t ( ! prim>y & ! second>y1 ! latt] species occurr+ :5 x is necess>y to en=ce m syllables ( a ^w ?an "o2 b ,%]idan1 z we see above1 aft] reject+ all ! old di/9ctions ( ris+ & fall+1 rais+ & depress+1 acute & grave1 %>p & base1 long & %ort1 contriv$ a new "o /ill m va91 :i* he f\nd$ on t ( v[els & consonants1 b ref]r$ to "t1 or quantity4 ,he recogniz$1 9 fact1 a v[el acc5t & a consonant acc5t2 or1 9 ref]5ce to quantity1 a l5g!n+ acc5t & a %ort5+ acc5t4 ,! discrim9ation ( ^! 0 ) him ,,! ,,great ,,di/9ction ( our acc5t4 ,he has accord+ly m5tion$ x 9 sev]al diff]5t places ( 8 works1 & n always ) t reg>d to consi/5cy :i* becomes a precise !ori/4 ,x l$ him to new & v>iant ways ( def9+ acc5t2 "s ( :i* seem to imply a division ( consonants f _! v[els 9 utt]ance1 or to sugge/ t syllables are n ! lea/ p>ts ( spok5 words4 ,& no soon] has he told u t our acc5t is b "o s+le mode ( di/+ui%+ a syllable1 ?an he proce$s to decl>e x two4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ citations3 ,z ! pronunciation ( ,engli% words is *iefly regulat$ by acc5t1 x w be necess>y to h a precise idea ( t t]m4 ,acc5t ) u means no m ?an a c]ta9 /ress ( ! voice ^u "o lett] ( a syllable1 :i* di/+ui%es x f all ! o!r lett]s 9 a ^w4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,aga93 ,acc5t1 9 ! ,engli% language1 means a c]ta9 /ress ( ! voice ^u a p>ticul> lett] ( a syllable :i* di/+ui%es x f ! re/1 &1 at ! same "t1 di/+ui%es ! syllable itself to :i* x belongs f ! o!rs :i* compose ! ^w4--,same "w1 p4 #ej4 ,aga93 ,b z our acc5t consi/s 9 /ress only1 x c j z well be plac$ on a consonant z on a v[el4--,same1 p4 #ea4 ,aga93 ,by ! ^w acc5t1 is meant ! /ress ( ! voice on "o lett] 9 a syllable4--,%]idan's ,elem5ts ( ,engli%1 p4 #ee4 ,aga93 ,! t]m acc5t ) u has no ref]5ce to inflexions ( ! voice1 or musical notes1 b only means a peculi> mann] ( di/+ui%+ "o syllable ( a ^w f ! re/1 d5om9at$ by u acc5t2 & ! t]m = t reason is us$ by u 9 ! s+ul> numb]4--,?is di/9ction is made by u 9 two ways2 ei!r by dwell+ long] ^u "o syllable ?an ! re/2 or by giv+ x a sm>t] p]cussion ( ! voice 9 utt]ance4 ,( ! fir/ ( ^!1 we h in/ances 9 ! words1 glory1 fa!r1 holy2 ( ! la/1 9 bat'tle1 hab'x1 bor'r[4 ,s t acc5t1 ) u1 is n ref]r$ to tune1 b to "t2 to quantity1 n quality2 to ! m equable or precipitate motion ( ! voice1 n to ! v>iation ( notes or inflexions4--,%]idan's ,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #ef2 ,fl9t's ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,h[ precise 0 ,%]idan's idea ( acc5t1 ! read] may well judge f ! =ego+ quotations2 9 f\r ( :i*1 he describes x z a c]ta9 /ress1 ! /ress1 & /ress only1 :i* en=ces "s lett]2 :ile1 9 ! o!r1 x is :imsically made to consi/ 9 two diff]5t modes ( pron\nc+ syllables--namely1 ) equability1 & ) precipitance--) dwell+ long]1 & ) sm>t] p]cussion--:i* t]ms ! au?or v improp]ly supposes to be opposites3 say+1 ,= ! two ways ( di/+ui%+ syllables by acc5t1 z m5tion$ be=e1 are directly opposite1 & produce q contr>y effects2 ! "o1 by dwell+ on ! syllable1 necess>ily makes x long2 ! o!r1 by ! sm>t p]cussion--( ! voice1 z necess>ily makes x %ort--,ib41 p4 #eg4 ,n[ x is all a mi/ake1 h[ev] common1 to suppose t our acc5t1 consi/+ z x does1 9 /ress1 en=cem5t1 or p]cussion ( voice1 c ev] %ort5 ! syllable on :i* x is laid2 because :at increases ! quantum ( a vocal s\nd1 _c dim9i% its l5g?2 & a syllable acc5t$ w always be f\nd long] z well z l\d]1 ?an any unacc5t$ "o imm$iately be=e or aft] x4 ,?\gh weak s\nds may possibly be protract$1 & %ort] ones be explod$ l\dly1 x is n ! cu/om ( our spee*1 s to deal ) ! s\nds ( syllables4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,%]idan admitt$ t "s syllables are naturally & necess>ily %ort1 b d5i$ t any are naturally & necess>ily long4 ,9 ?is1 s9ce syllabic l5g? & %ortness are relative to ea* o!r1 & to ! cause ( ea*1 he 01 p]haps1 h>dly consi/5t4 ,he might h done bett]1 to h d5i$ bo?1 or nei!r4 ,bat+ 8 new division ( acc5t to subject x sometimes to %ort quantity1 he recogniz$ v fully ! dep5d5ce ( quantity1 long or %ort1 :e!r 9 syllables or only 9 v[els1 ^u ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( acc5t or emphasis4 ,9 ?is he diff]$ consid]ably f mo/ ( ! gramm>ians ( 8 day2 & _m s9ce h cont9u$ to uphold o!r views4 ,he says1 ,x is an infallible rule 9 our tongue t no v[el ev] has a long s\nd 9 an unacc5t$ syllable4--,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #fj4 ,aga93 ,9 treat+ ( ! simple elem5ts or lett]s1 ,i h %[n t "s1 bo? v[els & consonants1 are naturally %ort2 t is1 ^: s\nds _c possibly be prolong$2 & ^! are ! %ort or %ut s\nds ( e1 i1 & u1 ( vocal s\nds2 & ?ree pure mutes1 k1 p1 t1 ( ! consonant2 z 9 ! words beck1 lip1 cut4 ,i h %[n also1 t ! s\nds ( all ! o!r v[els1 & ( ! consonant semiv[els1 may be prolong$ to :at degree we please2 b at ! same "t x is to be obs]v$1 t all ^! may also be r$uc$ to a %ort quantity1 & are capable ( be+ utt]$ 9 z %ort a space ( "t z ^? :i* are naturally %ort4 ,s t !y :o speak ( syllables z absolutely 9 _! own nature long1 ! common cant ( prosodians1 speak ( a non5tity3 = ?\gh1 z ,i h %[n above1 !re are syllables absolutely %ort1 :i* _c possibly be prolong$ by any ef=t ( ! speak]1 yet x is 9 8 p[] to %ort5 or prolong ! o!rs to :at degree he pleases4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,& aga93 ,i h already m5tion$ t :5 ! acc5t is on ! v[el1 x ( c\rse makes ! syllable long2 & :5 ! acc5t is on ! consonant1 ! syllable may be ei!r long or %ort1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! consonant1 or w ( ! speak]s4 ,& z all unacc5t$ syllables are %ort1 ! quantity ( our syllables is adju/$ by ! easie/ & simple/ rule 9 ! _w1 & 9 ! exacte/ proportion4--,lect4 on ,elocution1 p4 #ff4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,?is praise ( our rule = ! adju/m5t ( quantity1 w\ld h be5 mu* m appropriate1 _h n ! rule itself be5 greatly mi/ak51 p]plex$1 & misrepres5t$ by ! au?or4 ,if x appe>1 on inspection1 t beck1 lip1 cut1 & ! l syllables1 are twice z long :5 "u ! acc5t1 z !y are :5 n acc5t$1 s t1 ) a %ort syllable annex$ or a long "o prefix$1 !y may =m tro*ees2 !n is x n true1 t su* syllables are ei!r always necess>ily & inh]5tly %ort1 or always1 by ! sm>t p]cussion ( ! voice1 z necess>ily made %ort2 bo? ( :i* inconsi/5t ideas are above affirm$ ( !m4 ,!y may n be s long z "s o!r long syllables2 b1 if !y are twice z long z ! accompany+ %ort ones1 !y are n %ort4 ,&1 if n %ort1 !n t rem>kable di/9ction 9 acc5t1 :i* assumes t !y are s1 is z ne$less z x is absurd & p]plex+4 ,n[ let ! words1 beck'on1 lip'p+1 cut't]1 be prop]ly pron\nc$1 & _! syllables be comp>$ ) ea* o!r1 or ) ^? ( lim'beck1 fil'lip1 ,dra'cut2 & x _c b be p]ceiv$1 t beck1 lip1 & cut1 l o!r syllables 9 g5]al1 are l5g!n$ by ! acc5t1 & %ort5$ only 9 its abs5ce2 s t all ^! words are manife/ly tro*ees1 z all simil> words are f\nd to be1 9 our v]sification4 ,to suppose z _m words z we he> acc5ts1 or t x is ! lay+ ( an acc5t on "o syllable1 :i* con/itutes a ^w1 & !n say1 t no unacc5t$ syllable or v[el is ev] to be acc\nt$ long1 z ?is en?usia/ic au?or does 9 fact1 is to make /range scansion ( a v l>ge portion ( ! trissyllables & polysyllables :i* occur 9 v]se4 ,an o!r great error 9 ,%]idan's doctr9e ( quantity1 is 8 notion t all monosyllables1 except a few small p>ticles1 are acc5t$2 & t _! quantity is det]m9$ to be long or %ort by ! seat or ! mode ( ! acc5t1 z be=e /at$4 ,n[1 z our poetry ab\nds ) monosyllables1 ! relative "t ( :i* is adju/$ by emphasis & cad5ce1 accord+ to ! nature & importance ( ! t]ms1 & accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( rhy?m1 ) no ref]5ce to ?is factiti\s pr9ciple1 no con=mity !reto b :at is accid5tal1 x _c b be a puzzl+ ex]cise1 :5 ^! difficulties come to be summ$ up1 to attempt ! application ( a doctr9e s va9ly conceiv$ to be ! easie/ & simple/ rule 9 ! _w6 ,,obs4 #ac4--,l9dley ,murray's pr9ciples ( acc5t & quantity1 :i* lat] gramm>ians h s ext5sively copi$1 7 mo/ly extract$ f ,%]idan's2 &1 z ! compil] appe>s to h be5 aw>e ( b few1 if any1 ( 8 pr$ecessor's errors1 he has adopt$ & greatly spread well-nigh all t h j be5 po9t$ out2 :ile1 9 reg>d to "s po9ts1 he has consid]ably increas$ ! numb]4 ,8 s*eme1 z he at la/ fix$ x1 appe>s to consi/ ess5tially ( propositions already refut$1 or object$ to1 above2 z any read] may see1 :o w turn to 8 def9ition ( acc5t1 & 8 rules = ! det]m9ation ( quantity4 ,9 opposition to ,%]idan1 :o n v consi/5tly says1 t1 ,all unacc5t$ syllables are %ort1 ?is au?or appe>s to h adopt$ ! great] error ( ,fi%]1 :o suppos$ t ! v[el s\nds call$ long & %ort1 are j ! same z ! long & %ort syllabic quantities4 ,by ?is rule1 ?\s&s ( syllables w be call$ long1 :i* are 9 fact %ort1 be+ always s utt]$ 9 bo? prose & poetry2 &1 by ! o!r1 "s w occasionally be call$ %ort1 :i* are 9 fact long1 be+ made s by ! poet1 "u a slight second>y acc5t1 or p]haps none4 ,aga91 9 suppos+ our num]\s monosyllables to be acc5t$1 & _! quantity to be !reby fix$1 )\t except+ ! p>ticles1 su* z a1 !1 to1 91 c41 :i* 7 except$ by ,%]idan1 ,murray has mu* augm5t$ ! multitude ( errors :i* necess>ily fl[ f ! orig9al rule4 ,?is pr9ciple1 inde$1 he adopt$ timidly2 say+1 z ?\gh he h>dly believ$ ! ass]tion true3 ,& "s writ]s ass]t1 t e monosyllable ( two or m lett]s1 has "o ( its lett]s ?us di/+ui%$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bcf2 #abmo1 #ahi4 ,b /ill he adopt$ x1 & adopt$ x fully1 9 8 section on ,quantity2 =1 ( 8 twelve words1 exemplify+ syllabic "t s regulat$1 no few] ?an n9e are monosyllables4 ,x is obs]vable1 h[ev]1 t1 9 "s in/ances1 x is n "o lett]1 b two1 t he m>ks2 z 9 ! words1 mood1 house4--,ib41 p4 #bci2 #abmo1 #aib4 ,& aga91 x %\ld be obs]v$1 t g5]ally1 :]ev] he m>ks acc5t1 he foll[s ! old mode1 :i* ,%]idan & ,web/] s ju/ly condemn2 s t1 ev5 :5 he is speak+ ( ! acc5t on ! consonant1 ! sign ( /ress1 z t ( "t1 is set ov] a v[el3 z1 ,sdly1 rbb]4--,ib41 #hvo1 #bdj2 #abmo1 #aic4 ,s 9 8 ,spell+-,book1 :]e words are (t5 falsely divid$3 z1 ,v nice1 = ,v5'-ice2 ,h no v]1 = ,han'o-v]2 c4--,see p4 #aja4 ,,obs4 #ad4--;,9 consid]ation ( ! great au?ority ( ?is gramm>ian1 n[ back$ by a score or two ( copyi/s & modifi]s1 x may be exp$i5t to be yet m explicit4 ,( acc5t ,murray publi%$ ab\t z _m diff]5t def9itions1 z did ,%]idan2 :i*1 z !y %[ :at notions he _h at diff]5t times1 x may n be amiss = "s1 :o hold him always 9 ! "r1 to comp>e4 ,9 "o1 he describes x ?us3 ,acc5t signifies t /ress ( ! voice1 :i* is laid on "o syllable1 to di/+ui% x f ! re/4--,murray's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #ach4 ,he %\ld "h h said1 7z by 8 examples x w\ld appe> t he meant17 on "o syllable ( a ^w2 =1 z ! phrase n[ /&s1 x may include /ress on a monosyllable 9 a s5t5ce2 & x is a matt] ( dispute1 :e!r ?is c prop]ly be call$ acc5t4 ,walk] & ,web/] say1 x is emphasis1 & n acc5t4 ,aga91 9 an o!r def9ition1 :i* 0 writt5 be=e he adopt$ ! notion ( acc5t on consonants1 ( acc5t on monosyllables1 or ( acc5t = quantity 9 ! =mation ( v]se1 he us$ ^! words3 ,acc5t is ! lay+ ( a peculi> /ress ( ! voice on a c]ta9 v[el or syllable 9 a ^w1 t x may be bett] he>d ?an ! re/1 or di/+ui%$ f !m2 z1 9 ! ^w presme1 ! /ress ( ! voice mu/ be on ! second syllable1 sme1 :i* takes ! acc5t4--,murray's ,gram41 ,second ,edition1 #abmo1 p4 #afa4 ,9 ?is edition1 :i* 0 publi%$ at ,york1 9 #agif1 8 *ief rules ( quantity say no?+ ab\t acc5t1 b are ?us express$3 #a4 ,a v[el or syllable is long1 :5 ! v[el or v[els conta9$ 9 x are sl[ly jo9$ 9 pronunciation ) ! foll[+ lett]s2 z1 ',fall1 bale1 mood1 house1 feature4' #b4 ,a syllable is %ort1 :5 ! v[el is quickly jo9$ to ! succe$+ lett]2 z1 'art1 bonnet1 hunger4'--,ib41 p4 #aff4 ,besides ! absurdity ( repres5t+ a v[el z hav+ v[els conta9$ 9 x1 ^! rules are made up ( great faults4 ,!y conf\nd syllabic quantities ) v[el s\nds4 ,!y suppose quantity to be1 n ! "t ( a :ole syllable1 b ! quick or sl[ junction ( "s ( its p>ts4 ,!y apply to no syllable t ends ) a v[el s\nd4 ,! =m] applies to none t ends ) "o consonant only2 z1 mood or ! fir/ ( feat-ure4 ,9 fact1 x does n apply to any ( ! examples giv52 ! f9al lett] 9 ea* ( ! o!r words be+ sil5t4 ,! latt] rule is worse yet3 x misrepres5ts ! examples2 = bonnet & hung] are tro*ees1 & art1 ) any /ress on x1 is long4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,9 all late editions ( ,l4 ,murray's ,gramm>1 & _m modifications ( x1 acc5t is def9$ ?us3 ,acc5t is ! lay+ ( a peculi> /ress ( ! voice1 on a c]ta9 lett] ,,or syllable 9 a ^w1 t x may be bett] he>d ?an ! re/1 or di/+ui%$ f !m2 z1 9 ! ^w presme1 ! /ress ( ! voice mu/ be on ! lett] u1 ,,& ! second syllable1 sume1 :i* takes ! acc5t4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bce2 #abmo1 #ahh2 #ahmo1 #eg2 ,alg]'s1 #gb2 ,bacon's1 #eb2 ,comly's1 #afh2 ,coop]'s1 #agf2 ,dav5port's1 #aba2 ,felton's1 #acd2 ,fro/'s ,el41 #ej2 ,fisk's1 #cb2 ,m]*ant's1 #ade2 ,p>k] & ,fox's1 iii1 #dd2 ,pond's1 #aig2 ,putnam's1 #if2 ,russell's1 #ajf2 ,r4 ,o4 ,smi?'s1 #ahf4 ,"h we see a curi\s jumble ( ! common idea ( acc5t1 z /ress laid on "s p>ticul> syllable ( a ^w1 ) ,%]idan's doctr9e ( acc5t+ always a p>ticul> lett] ( a syllable1--an idle doctr9e1 contriv$ solely = ! accommodation ( %ort quantity ) long1 "u ! acc5t4 ,:5 ?is def9ition 0 adopt$1 ,murray's s*eme ( quantity 0 also revis$1 & mat]ially alt]$4 ,! pr9ciples ( 8 ma9 text1 to :i* 8 copi]s all conf9e !mselves1 !n took ! foll[+ =m3 ,! quantity ( a syllable1 is t "t :i* is occupi$ 9 pron\nc+ x4 ,x is consid]$ z ,,long or ,,%ort4 ,a v[el or syllable is long1 :5 ! acc5t is on ! v[el2 :i* occasions x to be sl[ly jo9$ 9 pronunciation ) ! foll[+ lett]s3 z1 ',fall1 bale1 mood1 house1 feature4' ,a syllable is %ort1 :5 ! acc5t is on ! consonant2 :i* occasions ! v[el to be quickly jo9$ to ! succe$+ lett]3 z1 'ant1 bonnet1 hunger4' ,a long syllable g5]ally requires d\ble ! "t ( a %ort "o 9 pron\nc+ x3 ?us1 ',mate' & ',note' %\ld be pron\nc$ z sl[ly aga9 z ',mat' & ',not4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bci2 #abmo1 #aib2 #ahmo1 #eg2 ,alg]'s1 #gb2 ,d4 ,c4 ,all5's1 #hf2 ,bacon's1 #eb2 ,comly's1 #afh2 ,coop]'s1 #agf2 ,cutl]'s1 #afe2 ,dav5port's1 #aba2 ,felton's1 #acd2 ,fro/'s ,el41 #ej2 ,fisk's1 #cb2 ,maltby's1 #aae2 ,p>k] & ,fox's1 iii1 #dg2 ,pond's1 #aih2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #if2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #ahg2 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 #fh4 ,"h we see a revival & an abundant propagation ( ,%]idan's errone\s doctr9e1 t our acc5t produces bo? %ort quantity & long1 accord+ to its seat2 & s9ce none ( all ^! gramm>s1 b ! fir/ two ( ,murray's1 give any o!r rules = ! discrim9ation ( quantities1 we mu/ inf]1 t ^! 7 judg$ suffici5t4 ,n[1 ( all ! pr9ciples on :i* any h ev] pret5d$ to det]m9e ! quantity ( syllables1 none1 s f> z ,i "k1 are m defective or fallaci\s ?an ^!4 ,!y are liable to m objections ?an x is wor? :ile to specify4 ,suffice x to obs]ve1 t !y divide c]ta9 acc5t$ syllables into long & %ort1 & say no?+ ( ! unacc5t$2 :]eas x is pla91 & ackn[l$g$ ev5 by ,murray & ,%]idan !mselves1 t 9 ant1 bonnet1 hung] & ! l1 ! unacc5t$ syllables are ! only %ort ones3 ! re/ c be1 & "h are1 l5g!n$4#dig ,,obs4 #af4--,! =ego+ pr9ciples1 diff]5tly express$1 & p]*ance 9 "s in/ances m fitly1 are f\nd 9 _m o!r gramm>s1 & 9 "s ( ! v late/2 b !y are ev]y:]e a m]e dead lett]1 a record :i*1 if x is n always untrue1 is seldom und]/ood1 & nev] appli$ 9 any way to practice4 ,! foll[+ are examples3 7#a47 ,9 a long syllable1 ! v[el is acc5t$2 9 a %ort syllable 1 ! consonant2 z 1 roll1 poll2 top1 cut4--,rev4 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #bbb4 7#b47 ,a syllable or ^w is long1 :5 ! acc5t is on ! v[el3 z no1 line1 la1 me2 & %ort1 :5 on ! consonant3 z not1 l91 ,lat91 met4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gramm>1 7,pr9ciples ( ,language17 p4 #aab4 7#c47 ,a syllable is long :5 ! acc5t is on ! v[el1 z1 ,pall1 sale1 mouse1 creature4 ,a syllable is %ort :5 ! acc5t is plac$ on ! consonant2 z great1 lett]1 mast]4--,rev4 ,d4 ,blair's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aag4 7#d47 ,:5 ! /ress is on ! v[el1 ! measure ( quantity is long3 z1 ,mte1 fte1 compl91 plyful1 un d] mne4 ,:5 ! /ress is on a consonant1 ! quantity is %ort3 z1 ,mat1 fat1 com pel1 progress1 dis mantle4--,p>don ,davis's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #abe4 7#e47 ,! quantity ( a syllable is consid]$ z long or %ort4 ,x is long :5 ! acc5t is on ! v[el2 z1 ,fall1 bale1 mood1 house1 feature4 ,x is %ort :5 ! acc5t is plac$ on ! consonant2 z1 ,mast]1 lett]4--,guy's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aah2 ,picket's ,analytical ,s*ool ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #bbd4 7#f47 ,a syllable is long :5 ! acc5t is on ! v[el2 & %ort1 :5 ! acc5t is on ! consonant4 ,a long syllable requires twice ! "t 9 pron\nc+ x t a %ort "o does4 ,long syllables are m>k$ ?us 2 z1 tube2 %ort syllables1 ?us 2 z1 man4--,hiley's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #abj4 7#g47 ,:5 ! acc5t is on a v[el1 ! syllable is g5]ally long2 z alehouse1 amusem5t1 features4 ,b :5 ! acc5t is on a consonant1 ! syllable is mo/ly %ort2 z1 hap'py1 man'n]4 ,a long syllable requires twice z mu* "t 9 ! pronunciation1 z a %ort "o2 z1 hate1 hat2 note1 not2 cane1 can2 fine1 f94--,jaudon's ,union ,gram41 p4 #agc4 7#h47 ,if ! syllable be long1 ! acc5t is on ! v[el2 z1 9 bale1 mood1 education2 c4 ,if %ort1 ! acc5t is on ! consonant2 z1 9 ant1 bonnet1 hung]1 c4--,m]*ant's ,am]ican ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ade4 ,! quantity ( our unacc5t$ syllables1 none ( ^! au?ors1 except ,all51 ?\ght x wor? 8 :ile to notice4 ,b among _! acc5t$ syllables1 !y all include words ( "o syllable1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m !reby po9t$ly contradict _! own def9itions ( acc5t4 ,to f9d 9 our language no %ort syllables b su* z are acc5t$1 is c]ta9ly a v /range & v great ov]sight4 ,frazee says1 ,! pronunciation ( an acc5t$ syllable requires d\ble ! "t ( t ( an unacc5t$ "o4--,frazee's ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ahj4 ,if s1 our poetical quantities are greatly misrepres5t$ by ! rules above cit$4 ,all5 truly says1 ,unacc5t$ syllables are g5]ally %ort2 z1 retrn1 trner4-- ,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bbb4 ,b h[ x 0 ev] f\nd out1 t 9 ^! words we acc5t only ! v[el u1 & 9 su* z hunt] & bluntly1 "s "o ( ! consonants only1 he does n in=m u4 ,,obs4 #ag4--;,z might be expect$1 x is n well agre$ among ^? :o acc5t s+le consonants & v[els1 :at p>ticul> lett] %\ld receive ! /ress & ! m>k4 ,! ^w or syllable ant1 = example1 is m>k$ ant by ,alg]1 ,bacon1 & o!rs1 to en=ce ! n2 ant by ,fro/1 ,putnam1 & o!rs1 to en=ce ! t2 ant by ,murray1 ,russell1 & o!rs1 to %[1 z !y say1 ! acc5t on ! consonant6 ,b1 9 ,a,,ntl]1 ,dr4 ,johnson acc5t$ ! a2 &1 to m>k ! same pronunciation1 ,worce/] n[ writes1 ,,ant,,l]2 :ile almo/ any prosodi/1 9 scann+1 w\ld m>k ?is ^w antler & call x a tro*ee4#dih ,*ur*ill1 :o is 9 g5]al a judici\s obs]v]1 writes ?us3 ,! lead+ feature 9 ! ,engli% language1 on :i* x's melody bo? 9 prose & v]se *iefly dep5ds1 is x's acc5t4 ,e ^w 9 x ( m ?an "o syllable has "o ( x's syllables di/+ui%$ by ?is f ! re/2 ! acc5t be+ 9 "s cases on ! v[el1 9 o!rs on ! consonant t closes ! syllable2 on ! v[el1 :5 x has x's long s\nd2 on ! consonant1 :5 ! v[el is %ort4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #aha4 ,b to ?is1 z a rule ( acc5tuation1 no att5tion is 9 fact paid n[adays4 ,syllables t h long v[els n f9al1 v prop]ly take ! sign ( /ress on or aft] a consonant or a mute v[el2 z1 angel1 *amb]1 slayer1 beadroll1 sleazy1 sleeper1 sleeveless1 lively1 mindful1 slightly1 slid+1 boldness1 grossly1 :olly1 useless4--,see ,worce/]'s ,dict4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,x has be5 se51 t ,murray's pr9ciples ( quantity 7 greatly alt]$ by himself1 aft] ! fir/ appe>ance ( 8 gramm>4 ,to h a full & correct view ( !m1 x is necess>y to notice some?+ m ?an 8 ma9 text1 z revis$1 ) :i* all 8 am5d]s cont5t !mselves1 & :i* he himself ?\ght suffici5t = 8 ,abridgem5t4 ,! foll[+ positions1 :i*1 9 "s ( 8 revisals1 he add$ to ! l>ge gramm>1 are !re=e cit$3-- 7#a47 ,unacc5t$ syllables are g5]ally %ort3 z1 'admre1 bldness1 snner4' ,b to ?is rule !re are _m exceptions3 z1 'lso1 xile1 gngrene1 mpire1 foret/e1' c4 7#b47 ,:5 ! acc5t is on ! consonant1 ! syllable is (t5 m or less %ort1 z x ends ) a s+le consonant1 or ) m ?an "o3 z1 ',sdly1 rbb]2 p]s/1 mt*less4' 7#c47 ,:5 ! acc5t is on a semi-v[el1 ! "t ( ! syllable may be protract$1 by dwell+ ^u ! semi-v[el3 z1 ',cur1 c1 fulfil' b :5 ! acc5t falls on a mute1 ! syllable _c be l5g!n$ 9 ! same mann]3 z1 ',bbble1 cpta91 ttt]4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bdj2 #abmo1 #aic4 7#d47 ,9 ?is "w1 & 9 ! au?or's ,spell+-book1 ! v[els e & o1 9 ! fir/ syllable ( su* words z1 behave1 prejudge1 doma91 propose2 & 9 ! second syllable ( su* z pulley1 turkey1 borr[1 foll[2 are consid]$ z long v[els4 ,! second syllables 9 su* words z1 baby1 spicy1 holy1 fury1 are also consid]$ z long syllables4--,ib41 #hvo1 p4 #bda4 7#e47 ,9 ! words sc>ecr[1 :]e=e1 bo? ! syllables are unque/ionably long1 b n ( equal l5g?4 ,we presume !re=e1 t ! syllables "u consid]ation1 i4e41 ^? :i* end ) ! s\nd ( e or o )\t acc5t1 may also be prop]ly /yl$ long syllables1 ?\gh _! l5g? is n equal to t ( "s o!rs4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bda4 ,,obs4 #ai4--,%]idan's infallible rule1 t no v[el ev] has a long s\nd 9 an unacc5t$ syllable1 is 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ?ree ( ^! positions1 & ! exact tru? ( ! matt] is ) nei!r au?or4 ,b1 = ! accuracy ( 8 doctr9e1 ,murray appeals to ! au?ority ( ! judici\s ,walk]1 :i* he ?9ks suffici5t to prove any syllable long ^: v[el is call$ s2 :ile ! important di/9ction sugge/$ by ,walk]1 9 8 ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #ebi1 betwe5 ! l5g? or %ortness ( ! v[els1 & t quantity :i* con/itutes poetry1 is entirely ov]look$4 ,x is safe to affirm1 t all ! acc5t$ syllables occurr+ 9 ! examples above1 are long2 & all ! unacc5t$ ones1 %ort3 = ,murray's long syllables v>y 9 l5g?1 & 8 %ort ones 9 %ortness1 till n only ! j proportion1 b ! actual relation1 ( long & %ort1 is evid5tly lo/ ) "s ( !m4 ,does n mat* 9 mat*less1 sad 9 sadly1 or bub 9 bubble1 require m "t1 ?an s 9 als1 key 9 turkey1 or ly 9 holy8 ,if s1 f\r ( ! prec$+ positions are v faulty4 ,& s1 inde$1 is ! rema9+ "o2 = :]e is ! s5se ( say+1 t :5 ! acc5t falls on a mute1 ! syllable _c be l5g!n$ by dwell+ ^u ! semi-v[el8 ,?is is an app>5t truism1 & yet n true4 ,= a semiv[el 9 ! middle or at ! beg9n+ ( a syllable1 may l5g!n x z mu* z if x /ood at ! end4 ,cur & c1 "h giv5 z protract$ syllables1 are c]ta9ly no long] by usage1 & no m susceptible ( protraction1 ?an mat & n1 art & ant1 :i* are among ! au?or's examples ( %ort quantity4 ,& if a semiv[el acc5t$ w make ! syllable long1 0 x n bo? an error & a self-contradiction1 to give bonnet & hung] z examples ( quantity %ort5$ by ! acc5t8 ,! syllable man has two semiv[els2 & ! lett] l1 z 9 ful fil1 is ! mo/ sonor\s ( consonants2 yet1 z we see above1 among _! false examples ( %ort syllables acc5t$1 diff]5t au?ors h giv5 ! words man & mann]1 dismantle & com pel1 mast] & lett]1 ) sundry o!r s\nds :i* may easily be l5g!n$4 ,sanborn says1 ,! breve di/+ui%es a %ort syllable2 z1 mann]4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #bgc4 ,p>k] & ,fox say1 ,! ,breve 7?us 7 is plac$ ov] a v[el to indicate its %ort s\nd2 z1 ,/4 ,hel5a4--,engli% ,gram41 ,"p iii1 p4 #ca4 ,bo? explanations ( ?is sign are defective2 & nei!r has a suitable example4 ,! "n ,/4 ,hlena1 z pron\nc$ by ,worce/]1 & z commonly he>d1 is two tro*ees2 b ,helena1 = ,hel51 hav+ ! p5ult %ort1 takes ! acc5t on ! fir/ syllable1 :i* is !reby made long1 ?\gh ! v[el s\nd is call$ %ort4 ,ev5 ,dr4 ,web/]1 :o expressly notes ! diff]5ce betwe5 long & %ort v[els & long & %ort syllables1 all[s himself1 on ! v same page1 to conf\nd !m3 s t1 ( 8 ?ree examples ( a %ort syllable1--?at1 n1 melon1--all are errone\s2 two be+ monosyllables1 :i* any emphasis mu/ l5g!n2 & ! ?ird1--! ^w melon1--) ! fir/ syllable m>k$ %ort1 & n ! la/6 ,see ,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #aeg4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,among ! late/ ( our ,engli% ,gramm>s1 is ,*&l]'s new "o ( #ahdg4 ,! ,prosody ( ?is "w is fre% f ! m9t2 ! au?or's old gramm> ( #ahba1 :i* is ! nucleus ( ?is1 be+ conf9$ to ,etymology & ,syantax4 sic--,,k? ,if f anybody ! public h a "r to expect correctness 9 ! details ( gramm>1 x is f "o :o has _h ! subject s long & s habitually be=e him4 ,acc5t says ?is au?or1 is ! /ress on a syllable1 or lett]4--,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,n[1 if our less prom95t words & syllables require any =ce at all1 a def9ition s loose z ?is1 may give acc5t to "s words1 or to all2 to "s syllables1 or to all2 to "s lett]s1 or to all--except ^? :i* are sil5t6 ,&1 inde$1 :e!r ! /ress :i* di/+ui%es "s monosyllables f o!rs1 is suppos$ by ! writ] to be acc5t1 or emphasis1 or bo?1 x is sc>cely possible to asc]ta9 f 8 elucidations4 ,! t]m emphasis1 says he1 is us$ to d5ote a full] s\nd ( voice aft] c]ta9 words t come 9 anti!sis2 t is1 contra/4 ',he c write1 b he _c read4' ,"h1 read & write are anti!tical 7t is1 9 contra/71 & are acc5t$1 or emphasiz$4--,p4 #ahi4 ,! ^w aft] "h may be a mispr9t = ! ^w ^u2 b no preposition really suits ! connexion3 ! p>ticiple impress+ or affect+ w\ld be bett]4 ,( quantity1 ?is "w gives ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,! quantity ( a syllable is t "t :i* is requir$ to pron\nce x4 ,a syllable may be long or %ort4 ,hate is long1 z ! v[el a is elongat$ by ! f9al e2 hat is %ort1 & requires ab\t half ! "t = pronunciation :i* is us$ = pron\nc+ hate4 ,s ( ate1 at2 bate1 bat2 cure1 cur4 ,?\gh unacc5t$ syllables are usually %ort1 yet _m ( ^? :i* are acc5t$ are %ort also4 ,! foll[+ are %ort3 dv5t1 s9n]1 supp]4 ,9 ! foll[+1 ! unacc5t$ syllables are long3 ls1 xile1 gngr5e1 mpire4 ,x maybe rem>k$1 t ! quantity ( a syllable is %ort :5 ! acc5t is on a consonant2 z1 art1 bonnet1 hung]4 ,! hyph5 7-71 plac$ ov] a syllable1 d5otes t x is long3 nture4 ,! breve 77 ov] a syllable1 d5otes t x is %ort2 z1 detrct4--,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 ,?is s*eme ( quantity is truly rem>kable = its absurdity & confusion4 ,:at becomes ( ! elongat+ p[] ( e1 )\t acc5t or emphasis1 z 9 juncate1 palate1 prelate8 ,:o does n "k t su* syllables z at1 bat1 & cur are (t5 long 9 poetry8 ,:at m absurd1 ?an to suppose bo? syllables %ort 9 su* words z1 adv5t1 s9n]1 supp]1 & !n give s]mon1 filter1 spirx1 ga?er1 & ! l1 = regul> tro*ees1 ) ! fir/ syllable long1 & ! second %ort1 z does ?is au?or8 ,:at m contradictory & confus$1 ?an to pret5d t ! primal s\nd ( a v[el l5g!ns an unacc5t$ syllable1 & acc5t on ! consonant %ort5s an acc5t$ "o1 z if 9 ls ! fir/ syllable mu/ be %ort & ! second long1 & !n be compell$1 by ! evid5ce ( "o's s5ses to m>k e*o z a tro*ee1 & dtract z an iambus8 ,:at less p>donable misnom]1 ?an = a great critic to call ! sign ( long quantity a hyph58 ,,obs4 #ba4--,! foll[+ sugge/ions f\nd 9 two ( ,dr4 ,web/]'s gramm>s1 are n f> f ! tru?3 ,mo/ prosodians :o h treat$ p>ticul>ly ( ?is subject1 h be5 guilty ( a fundam5tal error1 9 consid]+ ! movem5t ( ,engli% v]se z dep5d+ on long & %ort syllables1 =m$ by long & %ort v[els4 ,?is hypo!sis has l$ !m into capital mi/akes4 ,! tru? is1 _m ( ^? syllables :i* are consid]$ z long 9 v]se1 are =m$ by ! %orte/ v[els 9 ! language2 z1 /r5g?1 heal?1 gr&4 ,! doctr9e t long v[els are necess>y to =m long syllables 9 poetry is at l5g? explod$1 & ! pr9ciples :i* regulate ! movem5t ( our v]se1 are expla9$2 viz4 acc5t & emphasis4 ,e emphatical ^w1 & e acc5t$ syllable1 w =m :at is call$ 9 v]se1 a long syllable4 ,! unacc5t$ syllables1 & unemphatical monosyllabic words1 are consid]$ z %ort syllables4--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #bbb2 ,improv$ ,gram41 #aeh4 ,is x n rem>kable1 t1 on ! same page ) ?is passage1 ! au?or %\ld h giv5 ! fir/ syllable ( melon z an example ( %ort quantity8 ,,obs4 #bb4--;,if ! pr9ciple is true1 :i* e body n[ takes = grant$1 t ! f\ndation ( v]sify+ is "s di/9ction p]ta9+ to syllables2 x is pla91 t no?+ c be done t[>ds tea*+ ! ,art ( ,measur+ ,v]ses1 till x be kn[n ^u :at di/9ction 9 syllables our s*eme ( v]sification is bas$1 & by :at rule or rules ! discrim9ation is1 or ought to be1 made4 ,errors "h are c5tral1 radical1 fundam5tal4 ,h5ce ! necessity ( ^! pres5t disquisitions4 ,)\t "s effectual criticism on _! _m false positions1 prosodi/s may cont9ue to !orize1 dogmatize1 plagi>ize1 & blund] on1 z !y h done1 indef9itely1 & k ( ! rhy?mic art be 9 no degree advanc$ by _! productions1 new or old4 ,= ! supposition is1 t 9 g5]al ! consult]s ( ^! v>i\s oracles are p]sons m fallible /ill1 & !re=e likely to be misl$ by any errors t are n expressly po9t$ out to !m4 ,9 ?is "w1 x is assum$1 t quantity1 n labori\sly asc]ta9$ by a great v>iety ( rules appli$ f ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,prosody1 b discrim9at$ on pr9ciples ( our own--quantity1 dep5d5t 9 "s degree on ! nature & numb] ( ! lett]s 9 a syllable1 b /ill m on ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( /ress--is ! true f\ndation ( our metre4 ,x has already be5 /at$1 & p]haps prov$1 t ?is !ory is z well support$ by au?ority z any2 b1 s9ce ,l9dley ,murray1 p]suad$ wrong by ! positiv5ess ( ,%]idan1 ex*ang$ 8 s*eme ( feet =m$ by quantities1 = a new "o ( feet =m$ by acc5ts--or1 r1 = an impracticable mixture ( bo?1 a s*eme ( suppos$ duplicates ( ea* foot--x has be5 becom+ m & m common = gramm>ians to repres5t ! basis ( ,engli% v]sification to be1 n ! di/9ction ( long & %ort quantities1 b ! recurr5ce ( acc5t at c]ta9 int]vals4 ,su* is ! doctr9e ( ,butl]1 ,felton1 ,f[l]1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 ,h>t1 ,hiley1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,weld1 ,wells1 & p]haps o!rs4 ,b1 9 ?is1 all ^! writ]s contradict !mselves2 disreg>d _! own def9itions ( acc5t2 c\nt monosyllables to be acc5t$ or unacc5t$2 displace emphasis f ! rank :i* ,murray & o!rs give x1 z ! great regulator ( quantity2 & suppose ! l5g? or %ortness ( syllables n to dep5d on ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ei!r acc5t or emphasis2 & n to be ( mu* acc\nt 9 ! con/ruction ( ,engli% v]se4 ,z ^! /rictures are runn+ to a great l5g?1 x may be well n[ to introduce ! poetic feet1 & to res]ve1 = notes "u t head1 any fur!r exam9ation ( op9ions z to :at con/itutes ! f\ndation ( v]se4 ,,section ,,iii4--,,( ,,poetic ,,feet4 ,a v]se1 or l9e ( poetry41 consi/s ( successive comb9ations ( syllables1 call$ feet4 ,a poetic foot1 9 ,engli%1 consi/s ei!r ( two or ( ?ree syllables1 z 9 ! foll[+ examples3 #a4 ,can ty -rants but by ty -rants con -quer$ be8--,byron4 #b4 ,holy1 holy1 holy6 all ?e sa9ts a -dore ?ee4--,heb]4 #c4 ,& ?e brea? ( ?e ,de -xy cir -cled ?e room4--,hunt4 #d4 ,hail to ?e *ief :o 9 triumph ad -vances6--,scott4 ,,explanations ,,& ,,def9itions4 ,poetic feet be+ arbitr>y comb9ations1 contriv$ m]ely = ! measur+ ( v]ses1 & ! ready asc]ta9m5t ( ! syllables t suit ea* rhy?m1 !re is among prosodi/s a p]plex+ div]sity ( op9ion1 z to ! numb] :i* we ought to recognize 9 our language4 ,"s w h only two or ?ree2 o!rs1 f\r2 o!rs1 eight2 o!rs1 twelve4 ,! doz5 are all t c be made ( two syllables & ( ?ree4 ,lat9i/s sometimes make feet ( f\r syllables1 & admit sixte5 m ( ^!1 ackn[l$g+ & nam+ tw5ty-eight 9 all4 ,! pr9cipal ,engli% feet are ! ,iambus1 ! ,tro*ee1 ! ,anape/1 & ! ,dactyl4 #a4 ,! ,iambus1 or ,iamb1 is a poetic foot consi/+ ( a %ort syllable & a long "o2 z1 betray1 confess1 dem&1 int5t1 degree4 #b4 ,! ,tro*ee1 or ,*oree1 is a poetic foot consi/+ ( a long syllable & a %ort "o2 z1 hateful1 petti%1 legal1 measure1 holy4 #c4 ,! ,anape/ is a poetic foot consi/+ ( two %ort syllables & "o long "o2 z1 contravene1 acquiesce1 importune4 #d4 ,! ,dactyl is a poetic foot consi/+ ( "o long syllable & two %ort ones2 z1 labourer1 possible1 wonderful4 ,^! are our pr9cipal feet1 n only because !y are (t5e/ us$1 b because ea* k9d1 ) little or no mixture1 =ms a di/9ct ord] ( numb]s1 hav+ a peculi> rhy?m4 ,( v]se1 or poetic measure1 we h1 accord+ly1 f\r pr9cipal k9ds1 or ord]s2 namely1 ,iambic1 ,tro*aic1 ,anape/ic1 & ,dactylic2 z 9 ! f\r l9es cit$ above4 ,! m pure ^! sev]al k9ds are pres]v$1 ! m exact & complete is ! *ime ( ! v]se4 ,b exactness be+ difficult1 & its sam5ess sometimes irksome1 ! poets g5]ally indulge "s v>iety2 n s mu*1 h[ev]1 z to conf\nd ! drift ( ! rhy?mical pulsations3 or1 if ev] ^! be n made obvi\s to ! read]1 !re is a grave fault 9 ! v]sification4 ,! second>y feet1 if admitt$ at all1 are to be admitt$ only1 or *iefly1 z occasional div]sifications4 ,( ?is class ( feet1 _m gramm>ians adopt f\r2 b !y lack agreem5t ab\t ! selection4 ,brightl& took ! ,spondee1 ! ,pyrrhic1 ! ,moloss1 & ! ,tribra*4 ,to ^!1 "s n[ add ! o!r f\r2 namely1 ! ,amphibra*1 ! ,amphimac1 ! ,bac*y1 & ! ,antibac*y4 ,few1 if any1 ( ^! feet are really necess>y to a suffici5t explanation ( ,engli% v]se2 & ! adopt+ ( s _m is liable to ! great objection1 t we !reby produce diff]5t modes ( measur+ ! same l9es4 ,b1 by nam+ !m all1 we avoid ! difficulty ( select+ ! mo/ important2 & x is prop] t ! /ud5t %\ld "k ! import ( all ^! prosodical t]ms4 #e4 ,a ,spondee is a poetic foot consi/+ ( two long syllables2 z1 cold night1 poor souls1 amen1 %rovetide4 #f4 ,a ,pyrrhic is a poetic foot consi/+ ( two %ort syllables2 z1 presumpt-uou1 p]pet-ual1 unhap-pily1 +lo-riou4 #g4 ,a ,moloss is a poetic foot consi/+ ( ?ree long syllables2 z1 ,dea?'s pale horse1--great :ite ?r"o1--deep damp vault4 #h4 ,a ,tribra* is a poetic foot consi/+ ( ?ree %ort syllables2 z1 prohib-xory1 unnat-urally1 au?or-xative1 innum-erable4 #i4 ,an ,amphibra* is a poetic foot ( ?ree syllables1 hav+ bo? sides %ort1 ! middle long2 z1 imprudent1 consider1 transported4 #aj4 ,an ,amphimac1 ,amphimac]1 or ,cretic1 is a poetic foot ( ?ree syllables1 hav+ bo? sides long1 ! middle %ort2 z1 wind+%eet1 life-e/ate1 soul-diseas$4 #aa4 ,a ,bac*y is a poetic foot consi/+ ( "o %ort syllable & two long ones2 z1 ?e :ole world1--a great vase1--( pure gold4 #ab4 ,an ,antibac*y1 or ,hypobac*y1 is a poetic foot consi/+ ( two long syllables & a %ort "o2 z1 knight-service1 globe-daisy1 grape-fl[er1 gold-beater4 ,among ! v>iegations ( v]se1 "o emphatic syllable is sometimes c\nt$ = a foot4 ,:5 a s+le syllable is ?us tak5 by itself1 x is call$ a ,csura1 :i* is commonly a long syllable4 #dii ,,= ,,example3-- ,keep+ "t1 "t1 "t1 ,9 a sort ( ,runic rhyme1 ,to ! t9t9 -nabu -lation t s musi -cally wells ,f ! bells1 bells1 bells1 bells1 ,bells1 bells1 bells4 --,,edg> ,a4 ,,poe3 ,union ,magaz9e1 = ,nov4 #ahdi2 ,lit]>y ,_w1 ,no4 #adc4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 def9+ our poetic feet1 _m late gramm>ians sub/itute ! t]ms acc5t$ & unacc5t$ = long & %ort1 z did ,murray1 aft] "s ( ! e>li] editions ( 8 gramm>2 ! only feet recogniz$ 9 8 second edition be+ ! ,iambus1 ! ,tro*ee1 ! ,dactyl1 & ! ,anape/1 & all ^! be+ =m$ by quantities only4 ,?is *ange has be5 made on ! supposition1 t acc5t & long quantity1 z well z _! opposites1 nonacc5t & %ort quantity1 may oppose ea* o!r2 & t ! basis ( ,engli% v]se is n1 l t ( ,lat9 or ,greek poetry1 a di/9ction 9 ! "t ( syllables1 n a diff]5ce 9 quantity1 b su* a c\rse ( acc5t+ & nonacc5t+ z ov]rides all relations ( ?is sort1 & makes bo? l5g? & %ortness compatible alike ) /ress or no /ress4 ,su* a !ory1 ,i am p]suad$1 is unt5able4 ,great au?ority1 h[ev]1 may be quot$ = x1 or = its pr9cipal features4 ,besides ! sev]al lat] gramm>ians :o give x c\nt5ance1 ev5 ! judici\s ,walk]1 :o1 9 8 ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 z be=e cit$1 v prop]ly sugge/s a diff]5ce betwe5 t quantity :i* con/itutes poetry1 & ! m]e l5g? or %ortness ( v[els1 :5 he comes to expla9 our ,engli% acc5t & quantity1 9 8 ,obs]vations on ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,acc5t & ,quantity1 f9ds acc5t p]fectly compatible ) ei!r long or %ort quantity2 7,key1 p4 #cab27 repudiates t vulg> acc5t ( ,%]idan & o!rs1 :i* is only a great] =ce ^u "o syllable ?an ano!r2 7,key1 p4 #cac27 pref]s ! doctr9e :i* makes ! elevation or depression ( ! voice insep>able f acc5t2 7,key1 p4 #cad27 holds t1 unacc5t$ v[els are frequ5tly pron\nc$ long :5 ! acc5t$ v[els are %ort2 7,key1 p4 #cab27 takes long or %ort v[els & long or %ort syllables to be ?+s ev]y:]e tantam\nt2 say+1 ,we h no conception ( quantity aris+ f any ?+ b ! nature ( ! v[els1 z !y are pron\nc$ long or %ort2 7ibid427 & aga93 ,su* long quantity z consonants may produce ) a close or %ort v[el1 an ,engli% e> has n ! lea/ idea (4 ,unless ! s\nd ( ! v[el be alt]$1 we h n any conception ( a long or %ort syllable4--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #cbb2 & ,worce/]'s ,octavo ,dict41 p4 #ice4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,9 ! op9ion ( ,murray1 ,walk]'s au?ority %\ld be ?\ght suffici5t to settle any "q ( prosodial quantities4 ,b1 x is add$1 !re are "s critical writ]s1 :o dispute ! propriety ( 8 arrangem5t4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bda4 ,& well !re may be2 n only by reason ( ! obvi\s incorrectness ( ! =ego+ positions1 b because ! great or?opi/ is n entirely consi/5t ) himself4 ,9 8 ,prep>atory ,obs]vations1 :i* introduce ! v essay above cit$1 he av]s t1 ! diff]5t /ates ( ! voice1 :i* are indicat$ by ! comp>ative t]ms high & l[1 l\d & s(t1 quick & sl[1 =cible & feeble1 may n improp]ly be call$ quantities ( s\nd4--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #cje4 ,:oev] ?9ks ?is1 c]ta9ly conceives ( quantity z aris+ f sev]al o!r ?+s ?an ! nature ( ! v[els4 ,ev5 ,humphrey1 ) :om1 ,quantity diff]s mat]ially f "t1 & :o def9es x1 ! weight1 or aggregate quantum ( s\nds1 may f9d 8 que/ionable & unusual conception ( x includ$ among ^!4 ,,obs4 #c4--,walk] mu/ h se51 z h ! g5]ality ( prosodi/s s9ce1 t su* a di/9ction z he makes betwe5 long syllables & %ort1 c\ld n possibly be ! basis ( ,engli% v]sification1 or det]m9e ! elem5ts ( ,engli% feet2 yet1 )\t ! analogy ( any kn[n usage1 & contr>y to our cu/om>y mode ( read+ ! languages1 he proposes x z applicable--& z ! only doctr9e conceiv$ to be applicable--to ,greek or ,lat9 v]se4 ,ignor+ all long or %ort quantity n =m$ by :at are call$ long or %ort v[els1#ejj he sugge/s1 z a la/ refuge1 7#be17 ! v d\btful s*eme ( read+ ,lat9 & ,greek poetry ) ! v[els con=m$1 agreeably to ?is ,engli% s5se ( long & %ort v[el s\nds1 to ! anci5t rules ( quantity4 ,( su* words z fallo & ambo1 pron\nc$ z we usually utt] !m1 he says1 no?+ c be m evid5t ?an ! long quantity ( ! f9al v[el ?\gh )\t ! acc5t1 & ! %ort quantity ( ! initial & acc5t$ syllable4--,obs4 on ,greek & ,lat4 ,acc5t1 #bc2 ,key1 p4 #cca4 ,n[ ! v rev]se ( ?is appe>s to me to be evid5t4 ,! a1 inde$1 may be close or %ort1 :ile ! o1 hav+ its primal or "n s\nd1 is call$ long2 b ! fir/ syllable1 if fully acc5t$1 w h twice ! "t ( ! second2 nor c ?is proportion be rev]s$ b by *ang+ ! acc5t1 & misplac+ x on ! latt] syllable4 ,7 ! pr9ciple true1 :i* ! le>n$ au?or pron\nces s evid5t1 ^!1 & all simil> words1 w\ld con/itute iambic feet2 :]eas x is pla91 t 9 ,engli% !y are tro*ees2 & 9 ,lat91--:]e o f9al is common1--ei!r tro*ees or spondees4 ,! ^w ambo1 z e accurate s*ol> kn[s1 is always a tro*ee1 :e!r x be ! ,lat9 adjective = bo?1 or ! ,engli% n\n = a read+ desk1 or pulpit4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! names ( our poetic feet are all ( !m d]iv$1 by *ange ( end+s1 f simil> names us$ 9 ,greek1 & !nce also 9 ,lat92 &1 ( c\rse1 ,engli% words & ,greek or ,lat91 s relat$1 are presum$ to /& = ?+s some:at simil>4 ,?is reasonable presumption is an argum5t1 too (t5 disreg>d$ by late gramm>ians1 = consid]+ our poetic feet to be quantitative1 z 7 ! anci5t1--n acc5tual only1 z "s w h !m1--nor sep>ately bo?1 z "s o!rs absurdly tea*4 ,b1 :atev] may be ! diff]5ce or ! co9cid5ce betwe5 ,engli% v]se & ,greek or ,lat91 x is c]ta91 t1 9 our poetic division ( syllables1 /r5g? & l5g? mu/ always concur1 & any s*eme :i* s contra/s acc5t ) long quantity1 z to conf\nd ! diff]5t species ( feet1 or give contradictory names to ! same foot1 mu/ be radically & grossly defective4 ,9 ! prec$+ section x has be5 %[n1 t ! pr9ciples ( quantity adopt$ by ,%]idan1 ,murray1 & o!rs1 be+ s errone\s z to be :olly nugatory1 7 z unfit to be ! basis ( ,engli% v]se1 z are ,walk]'s1 :i* h j be5 spok5 (4 ,b1 ! puzzl$ au?ors1 in/ead ( re=m+ ^! _! elem5t>y pr9ciples1 s z to adapt !m to ! quantities & rhy?ms actually f\nd 9 our ,engli% v]se1 h all *os5 to assume1 t our poetical feet 9 g5]al diff] radically f ^? :i* ! anci5ts call$ by ! same names2 & yet ! co9cid5ce f\nd--! exact sam5ess ( nature ackn[l$g$--is sagely said by "s ( !m to duplicate ea* foot into two di/9ct sorts = our especial advantage2 :ile ! diff]5ce1 :i* !y presume to exi/1 or :i* _! false pr9ciples ( acc5t & quantity w\ld create1 betwe5 feet quantitative & feet acc5tual1 7bo? ( :i* are all[$ to u17 w\ld implicate diff]5t names1 & conv]t foot into foot--iambs1 tro*ees1 spondees1 pyrrhics1 ea* species into "s o!r--till all 7 confusion6 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 ,l9dley ,murray's revis$ s*eme ( feet1 we h fir/ a p>agraph f ,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gramm>1 sugge/+ t ! anci5t poetic measures 7 =m$ ( syllables divid$ into long & %ort1 & affirm+1 :at is n v true1 t1 = ! =m+ ( ours1 ,9 ,engli%1 syllables are divid$ into acc5t$ & unacc5t$4--,rhet4 ,gram41 p4 #fd2 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 #bec2 ,h>t's ,gram41 #ahb2 & o!rs4 ,n[ "s syllables are acc5t$1 & o!rs are unacc5t$2 b syllables s+ly significant1 i4e41 monosyllables1 :i* are v num]\s1 belong to nei!r ( ^! classes4 ,! contra/ is also comp>atively new2 our language _h mu* good poetry1 long be=e acc5t$ & unacc5t$ 7 ev] ?us misappli$ 9 x4 ,murray proce$s ?us3 ,:5 ! feet are =m$ by acc5t on v[els1 !y are exactly ( ! same nature z anci5t feet1 & h ! same j quantity 9 _! syllables4 ,s t1 9 ?is respect1 we h all t ! anci5ts _h1 & some?+ :i* !y _h n4 ,we h 9 fact duplicates ( ea* foot1 yet ) su* a diff]5ce1 z to fit !m = diff]5t purposes1 to be appli$ at our pleasure4--,ib41 p4 #bec4 ,aga93 ,we h obs]v$1 t ,engli% v]se is compos$ ( feet =m$ by acc5t2 & t :5 ! acc5t falls on v[els1 ! feet are equival5t to ^? =m$ by quantity4--,ib41 p4 #beh4 ,& aga93 ,f ! prec$+ view ( ,engli% v]sification1 we may see :at a copi\s /ock ( mat]ials x possesses4 ,= we are n only all[$ ! use ( all ! anci5t poetic feet1 9 our h]oic measure1 b we h1 z be=e obs]v$1 duplicates ( ea*1 agree+ 9 movem5t1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 measure1#eja & :i* make diff]5t impressions on ! e>2 an opul5ce peculi> to our language1 & :i* may be ! s\rce ( a b\ndless v>iety4--,ib41 p4 #bei4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,if x 7 n dullness to ov]look ! _m errors & inconsi/5cies ( ?is s*eme1 !re %\ld be ?\ght a r>e +5uity 9 ?us turn+ !m all to ! great advantage & peculi> ri*es ( ! ,engli% tongue6 ,besides sev]al grammatical faults1 else:]e notic$1 ^! extracts exhibit1 fir/1 ! inconsi/5t notion--( duplicates ) a diff]5ce2 or1 z ,*ur*ill expresses x1 ( two di/9ct species ( ea* foot2 7,new ,gram41 p4 #ahi27 & "h we are gravely assur$ )al1 t ^! diff]5t sorts1 :i* h no sep>ate names1 are sometimes =soo?1 exactly ( ! same nature6 ,secondly1 x is incompatibly urg$1 t1 ,engli% v]se is compos$ ( feet =m$ by acc5t1 & at ! same "t %[n1 t x p>takes l>gely ( feet =m$ by quantity4 ,?irdly1 if we h all t ! anci5ts _h1 ( poetic feet1 & duplicates ( ea*1 :i* !y _h n we are encumb]$ ) an enorm\s surplus2 =1 ( ! tw5ty-eight ,lat9 feet1#ejb m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,adam & o!rs1 ,murray nev] gave ! names ( m ?an eight1 & 8 e>ly editions ackn[l$g$ b f\r1 & ^! s+le1 n duplicates--unig5\s1 n sev]ally ( two species4 ,f\r?ly1 to suppose a multiplicity ( feet to be a copi\s /ock ( mat]ials = v]sification1 is z absurd z to imag9e1 9 any o!r case1 a v>iety ( measures to be mat]ials = produc+ ! ?+ measur$4 ,fif?ly1 our h]oic measure is iambic p5tamet]1 z ,murray himself %[s2 &1 to give to ?is1 all ! anci5t poetic feet1 is to be/[ mo/ ( !m :]e !y are lea/ ne$$4 ,six?ly1 feet diff]+ 9 measure1 s z to make diff]5t impressions on ! e>1 _c well be said to agree 9 movem5t1 or to be exactly ( ! same nature6 ,,obs4 #g4--,( ! f\ndation ( metre1 ,wells has ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,! quantity ( a syllable is ! relative "t occupi$ 9 its pronunciation4 ,a syllable may be long 9 quantity1 z fate2 or %ort1 z let4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans bas$ _! poetry on ! quantity ( syllables2 b mod]n v]sification dep5ds *iefly ^u acc5t1 ! quantity ( syllables be+ almo/ :olly disreg>d$4--,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ahe4 ,aga93 ,v]sification is a measur$ arrangem5t ( words1 9 :i* ! acc5t is made to recur at c]ta9 regul> int]vals4 ,?is def9ition applies only to mod]n v]se4 ,9 ,greek & ,lat9 poetry1 x is ! regul> recurr5ce ( long syllables1 accord+ to settl$ laws1 :i* con/itutes v]se4--,ib41 p4 #ahf4 ,! contra/+ ( anci5t & mod]n v]sification1 s9ce ,%]idan & ,murray ea* contriv$ an example ( x1 has become v common 9 our gramm>s1 ?\gh n 9 pr9ciple v uni=m2 &1 h[ev] ne$less :]e a correct !ory prevails1 x is1 to su* views ( acc5t & quantity z 7 adopt$ by ^! au?ors1 & by ,walk]1 or _! foll[]s1 b a necess>y c\nt]p>t4 ,! notion1 h[ev]1 t ,engli% v]se has less reg>d to quantity ?an _h t ( ! old ,greeks or ,romans1 is a m]e assumption1 orig9at+ 9 a false idea ( :at quantity is2 &1 t ,greek or ,lat9 v]se 0 less acc5tual ?an is ours1 is ano!r assumption1 left pro(less too1 ( :at _m au?ors disbelieve & contradict4 ,wells's def9ition ( quantity is simil> to m9e1 & p]haps unexceptionable2 & yet 8 idea ( ! ?+1 z he gives u reason to ?9k1 0 v diff]5t1 & v errone\s4 ,8 examples imply1 t1 l ,walk]1 he _h no conception ( quantity aris+ f any ?+ b ! nature ( ! v[els1--no conception ( a long or a %ort syllable )\t :at is call$ a long or a %ort v[el s\nd4 ,t ! ,greeks & ,romans bas$ _! poetry on quantity ( t re/rict$ sort1--on su* quantity z fate & let may s]ve to discrim9ate1--is by no means probable2 nor w\ld x be m s1 7 a hundr$ great mod]n ma/]s to decl>e !mselves ignorant ( any o!r4 ,! words d n di/+ui% at all ! long & %ort quantities ev5 ( our own language2 mu* less c we rely on !m = an idea ( :at is long or %ort 9 o!r tongues4 ,be+ monosyllables1 bo? are long ) emphasis1 bo? %ort )\t x2 &1 c\ld !y be acc5t$1 acc5t too w\ld l5g!n1 z its abs5ce w\ld %ort5 bo?4 ,9 ! words phosphate & /reamlet1 we h ! same s\nds1 bo? %ort2 9 lettuce & fateful1 ! same1 bo? long4 ,?is _c be disprov$4 ,&1 9 ! scansion ( ! foll[+ /anza f ,byron1 ! ^w ,let twice us$1 is to be reckon$ a long syllable1 & n 7z ,wells w\ld h x7 a %ort "o3 ,cavali]6 & man ( wor?6 ,let ^! words ( m9e g =?2 ,let ! ,moori% ,mon>* "k1 ,t to him ,i no?+ owe3 ,wo is me1 ,alhama6 ,,obs4 #h4--;,9 ! ,engli% gramm>s ( ,all5 ,h4 ,weld1 works rem>kable = _! egregi\s inaccuracy & wor?lessness1 yet hon\r$ by ! ,bo/on s*ool committee ( #ahdh & '#i1 ! au?or is c>eful to say1 ,acc5t %\ld n be conf\nd$ ) emphasis4 ,emphasis is a /ress ( voice on a ^w 9 a s5t5ce1 to m>k its importance4 ,acc5t is a /ress ( voice on a syllable 9 a ^w4 ,yet1 )9 sev5 l9es ( ?is1 we are told1 t1 ,a v]se consi/s ( a c]ta9 numb] ( acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables1 arrang$ accord+ to c]ta9 rules4--,weld's ,engli% ,gramm>1 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #bjg2 ,abridg$ ,edition1 p4 #acg4 ,a doctr9e _c be contriv$1 :i* w m evid5tly or m ext5sively conf\nd acc5t ) emphasis1 ?an does ?is6 ,9 ,engli% v]se1 on an av]age1 ab\t ?ree qu>t]s ( ! words are monosyllables1 :i*1 accord+ to ,walk]1 h no acc5t1 c]ta9ly none di/+ui%able f emphasis2 h5ce1 9 fact1 our syllables are no m divid$ into acc5t$ & unacc5t$ z ,%]idan & ,murray w\ld h !m1 ?an into emphasiz$ & unemphasiz$1 z "s o!rs h ?\ght to class !m4 ,nor is ?is conf\nd+ ( acc5t ) emphasis at all less5$ or palliat$ by tea*+ ) ,wells1 9 its ju/ification1 t1 ,! t]m acc5t is also appli$1 9 poetry1 to ! /ress laid on monosyllabic words4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ahe2 #aac? ,ed41 #bgc4 ,:at bett] is ?is1 ?an to apply ! t]m emphasis to ! acc5t+ ( syllables 9 poetry1 or to all ! /ress 9 "q1 z is virtually done 9 ! foll[+ citation8 ,9 ,engli%1 v]se is regulat$ by ! emphasis1 z !re %\ld be "o emphatic syllable 9 e foot2 = x is by ! int]*ange ( emphatick & non-emphatick syllables1 t v]se grateful to ! e> is =m$4--,?omas ,co>'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aif4 ,9 ,lat9 poetry1 ! long] words pr$om9ate1 s t1 9 ,virgil's v]se1 n "o ^w 9 five is a monosyllable2 h5ce acc5t1 if our use ( x 7 adju/$ to ! ,lat9 quantities1 might h mu* m to d ) ,lat9 v]se ?an ) ,engli%4 ,) ! foll[+ l9es ( ,%akspe>e1 = example1 acc5t has1 prop]ly speak+1 no connexion2 ,good fri5d1 ?\ ha/ no cause to say s yet2 ,b ?\ %alt h2 & creep "t ne'er s sl[1 ,yet x %all come1 = me to d !e good4 ,i _h a ?+ to say1--,b let x g4--,k+ ,john1 ,act iii1 ,sc4 #c4 ,,obs4 #i4--,t4 ,o4 ,*ur*ill1 aft] /at+ t ! ,greek & ,lat9 rhy?ms are compos$ ( syllables long & %ort1 sets ours 9 contra/ ) !m ?us3 ,^! t]ms are commonly employ$ also 9 speak+ ( ,engli% v]se1 ?\gh x is m>k$1 n by long & %ort1 b by acc5t$ & unacc5t$ syllables2 ! acc5t$ syllables be+ acc\nt$ long2 ! unacc5t$1 %ort4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #ahc4 ,?is1 ?\gh f> f be+ "r1 is v diff]5t f ! doctr9e ( ,murray or ,%]idan2 because1 9 practice1 or ! scansion ( v]ses1 x comes to ! same results z to suppose all our feet to be =m$ by quantity4 ,to acc\nt syllables long or %ort & n believe !m to be s1 is a ridicul\s inconsi/5cy3 x is a %uffle 9 ! "n ( sci5ce4 ,,obs4 #aj4--;,*ur*ill1 ?\gh n apt to be misl$ by o!rs' errors1 & ?\gh 8 own scann+ has no reg>d to ! pr9ciple1 c\ld n rid himself ( ! notion1 t ! quantity ( a syllable mu/ dep5d on ! v[el s\nd4 ,accord+ly he says1 ,mr4 ,murray ju/ly obs]ves1 t our acc5t$ syllables1 or ^? reckon$ long31 may h ei!r a long or a %ort v[el s\nd1 s t we h two di/9ct species ( ea* foot4--,new ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 ,! obvi\s impossibility ( two di/9ct species 9 "o1--or1 z ,murray has x1 ( duplicates fitt$ = diff]5t purposes1--%\ld h prev5t$ ! tea*+ & repeat+ ( ?is nons5se1 prop\nd x :o might4 ,! comm5d] himself _h n su* fai? 9 x z is "h impli$4 ,9 a note1 too pla9ly incompatible ) ?is praise1 he comm5ts ?us3 ,mr4 ,murray adds1 t ?is is 'an opul5ce peculi> to our language1 & :i* may be ! s\rce ( a b\ndless v>iety3' a po9t1 on :i*1 ,i confess1 ,i h long ent]ta9$ d\bts4 ,i am incl9$ to suspect t ! ,engli% mode ( read+ v]se is analog\s to t ( ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans4 ,dion4 ,hal41 de ,comp41 ,v]b4 xi1 speaks ( ! rhy?m ( v]se diff]+ f ! prop] measure ( ! syllables1 & (t5 rev]s+ x3 does n ?is imply1 t ! anci5ts1 contr>y to ! op9ion ( ! le>n$ au?or ( ,metron>i/on1 read v]se z we d8--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #cic1 note #cbi4 ,,obs4 #aa4--,! nature1 *ief s\rces1 & true di/9ction ( quantity1 at lea/ z x p]ta9s to our language1 ,i h set =? ) cle>ness1 fir/ 9 ! %ort *apt] on ,utt]ance1 & aga91 m fully 9 ?is1 :i* treats ( ,v]sification2 b t ! syllables1 long & %ort1 ( ! old ,greek & ,lat9 poets1 or ! feet !y made ( !m1 are to be exp\nd$ on precisely ! same pr9ciples t apply to ours4 ,i h n deem$ x necess>y to affirm or to d5y4 ,s f> z ! same laws are applicable1 let !m be appli$4 ,?is important prop]ty ( syllables1--_! quantity1 or relative "t1--:i* is ! basis ( all rhy?m1 is1 z my read]s h se51 v v>i\sly treat$1 & 9 g5]al b ill appreciat$1 by our ,engli% prosodi/s1 :o ought1 at lea/ 9 ?is _! own prov9ce1 to und]/& x all alike1 & z x is2 & s common among ! erudite is ! confession ( ,walk]1 t ! acc5t & quantity ( ! anci5ts are1 to mod]n read]s1 obscure & my/]i\s1 t x w be tak5 z a sign ( arrogance & sup]ficiality1 to pret5d to a v c]ta9 k ( !m4 ,nor is ! difficulty conf9$ to ,lat9 & ,greek v]se3 ! poetry ( our own ance/ors1 f any remote p]iod1 is n easy ( scansion4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language1 gave examples1 ) ?is rem>k3 ,( ! ,saxon poetry "s specim5 is necess>y1 ?\gh our ignorance ( ! laws ( _! metre & ! quantities ( _! syllables1 :i* x w\ld be v difficult1 p]haps impossible1 to recov]1 excludes u f t pleasure :i* ! old b>ds und\bt$ly gave to _! contempor>ies4 ,,obs4 #ab4--,! imp]fect measures ( ! fa!r ( ,engli% poetry1 are said by ,dryd5 to h be5 adapt$ to ! e>s ( ! rude age :i* produc$ !m4 ,! v]se ( ,*auc]1 says he1 ,i confess1 is n h>moni\s to u2 b x is l ! eloqu5ce ( "o :om ,tacitus comm5ds1 x 0 auribus i/ius temporis accommodata3' !y :o liv$ ) him1 & sometime aft] him1 ?\ght x musical2 & x cont9ues s ev5 9 our judgm5t1 if comp>$ ) ! numb]s ( ,lidgate & ,g[]1 8 contempor>ies3 !re is ! rude sweetness ( a ,scot* tune 9 x1 :i* is natural & pleas+1 ?\gh n p]fect4 ,x is true1 ,i _c g s f> z he :o publi%$ ! la/ edition ( him2 = he w\ld make u believe t ! fault is 9 our e>s1 & t !re 7 really t5 syllables 9 a v]se :]e we f9d b n9e3 b ?is op9ion is n wor? confut+2 x is s gross & obvi\s an error1 t common s5se 7:i* is a rule 9 e ?+ b matt]s ( fai? & revelation7 mu/ conv9ce ! read] t equality ( numb]s 9 e v]se1 :i* we call ,h]oic1 0 ei!r n kn[n1 or n always practis$ 9 ,*auc]'s age4 ,x 7 an easy matt] to produce "s ?\s&s ( 8 v]ses1 :i* are lame = want ( half a foot1 & sometimes a :ole "o1 & :i* no pronunciation c make o!rwise4 ,we c only say1 t he liv$ 9 ! infancy ( our poetry1 & t no?+ is br\ght to p]fection at ! fir/4--,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #aga4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,dryd5 appe>s to h _h m fai? 9 ! e>s ( 8 own age ?an 9 ^? ( an e>li] "o2 b ,poe1 ( our "t1 himself an +5i\s v]sifi]1 9 8 ,notes ^u ,engli% ,v]se1 conveys ! idea t all e>s are alike compet5t to appreciate ! elem5ts ( metre4 ,quantity1 accord+ to 8 dogmatism1 is a po9t 9 ! inve/igation ( :i* ! lumb] ( m]e le>n+ may be disp5s$ )1 if ev] 9 any4 ,its appreciation says he1 is univ]sal4 ,x app]ta9s to no region1 nor race1 nor era 9 especial4 ,to melody & to h>mony ! ,greeks he>k5$ ) e>s precisely simil> to ^? :i* we employ1 = simil> purposes1 at pres5t2 & a p5dulum at ,a!ns w\ld h vibrat$ mu* aft] ! same fa%ion z does a p5dulum 9 ! city ( ,p5n4--,! ,pione]1 ,vol4 i4 p4 #ajc4 ,suppos+ "h n ev5 ! oscillations ( ! same p5dulum to be m uni=m ?an are ! nature & j e/imation ( quantity ! _w ov]1 ?is au?or soon aft] exp\nds 8 idea ( ! ?+ z foll[s3 ,i h already said t all syllables1 9 metre1 are ei!r long or %ort4 ,our usual prosodies ma9ta9 t a long syllable is equal1 9 its "t1 to two %ort ones2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is b an approa* to ! tru?4 ,x %\ld be "h obs]v$ t ! quantity ( an ,engli% syllable has no dep5d5ce ^u ! s\nd ( its v[el or dip?ong diph?ong1 b dep5ds *iefly ^u acc5tuation4 ,monosyllables are exce$+ly v>iable1 &1 = ! mo/ "p1 may be ei!r long or %ort1 to suit ! dem& ( ! rhy?m4 ,9 polysyllables1 ! acc5t$ ones say1 syllables are always long1 :ile ^? :i* imm$iately prec$e or succe$ !m1 are always %ort4 ,emphasis w r5d] any %ort syllable long4--,ibid41 p4 #aje4 ,9 p5n+ ! la/ f\r s5t5ces1 ! writ] mu/ h _h ,br[n's ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm> be=e him1 & op5 at page #bce4 ,,obs4 #ad4--,%]idan1 9 8 ,rhetorical ,gramm>1 writt5 ab\t #aghj1 aft] ass]t+ t a di/9ction ( acc5t1 & n ( quantity1 m>ks ! movem5t ( ,engli% v]se1 proce$s z foll[s3 ,f n hav+ exam9$ ! peculi> g5ius ( our tongue1 our ,prosodians h fall5 into a v>iety ( errors2 "s hav+ adopt$ ! rules ( our neighb\rs1 ! ,fr5*2 & o!rs hav+ _h rec\rse to ^? ( ! anci5ts2 ?\gh nei!r ( !m1 9 reality1 w\ld squ>e ) our tongue1 on acc\nt ( an ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 ,he means1 betwe5 ea* language & ours1 & %\ld h said s4 ,) reg>d to ! ,fr5*1 !y measur$ v]ses by ! numb] ( syllables :]e( !y 7 compos$1 on acc\nt ( a con/itutional defect 9 _! tongue1 :i* r5d]$ x incapable ( numb]s =m$ by poetic feet4 ,= x has nei!r acc5t nor quantity suit$ to ! purpose2 ! syllables ( _! words be+ = ! mo/ "p equally acc5t$2 & ! numb] ( long syllables be+ out ( all proportion great] ?an t ( ! %ort4 ,h5ce = a long "t x 0 suppos$1 z x is by mo/ p at pres5t1 t our v]ses 7 compos$1 n ( feet1 b syllables2 & accord+ly !y are d5om9at$ v]ses (t51 eight1 six1 or f\r syllables1 ev5 to ?is day4 ,?us h we lo/ sight ( ! great advantage :i* our language has giv5 u ov] ! ,fr5*1 9 po9t ( poetic numb]s1 by its be+ capable ( a geometrical proportion1 on :i* ! h>mony ( v]sification dep5ds2 & bl9dly r$uc$ ourselves to t ( ! ari?metical k9d :i* conta9s no natural p[] ( pleas+ ! e>4 ,& h5ce l ! ,fr5*1 our *ief pleasure 9 v]se arises f ! poor ornam5t ( rhyme4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,,obs4 #ae4--;,9 a rec5t "w on ?is subject1 ,%]idan is p>ticul>ly except$1 & he alone1 :]e ,hallam1 ,johnson1 ,"l ,kames1 & o!r ,prosodians 9 g5]al1 are *>g$ ) a/oni%+ ignorance ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( our v]se2 &1 at ! same "t1 he is z p>ticul>ly comm5d$ ( hav+ especially insi/$ on ! subject ( ,quantity4--,ev]ett's ,engli% ,v]sification1 ,preface1 p4 #f4 ,t ! rhetorician 0 b sl5d]ly entitl$ to ^! complim5ts1 may pla9ly appe> f ! next p>agraph ( 8 ,gramm> j cit$2 = !re9 he mi/ak+ly repres5ts x z a c5tral error1 to reg>d our poetic feet z be+ =m$ by quantity at all4 ,"s few ( our ,prosodians1 says he1 f9d+ ?is to be an error1 & t our v]ses 7 really compos$ ( feet1 n syllables1 )\t f>!r exam9ation1 boldly appli$ all ! rules ( ! ,lat9 prosody to our v]sification2 ?\gh sc>ce any ( !m answ]$ exactly1 & "s ( !m 7 utt]ly incompatible ) ! g5ius ( our tongue4 ,?us because ! ,roman feet 7 =m$ by quantity1 !y ass]t$ ! same ( ours1 d5om9at+ all ! acc5t$ syllables long2 :]eas ,i h =m]ly %ewn1 t ! acc5t1 9 "s cases1 z c]ta9ly makes ! syllable on :i* x is laid1 %ort1 z 9 o!rs x makes x long4 ,& _! :ole !ory ( quantity1 borr[$ f ! ,roman1 9 :i* !y endeav\r to e/abli% ! proportion ( long & %ort1 z immutably fix$ to ! syllables ( words con/ruct$ 9 a c]ta9 way1 at once falls to ! gr\nd2 :5 x is %ewn1 t ! quantity ( our syllables is p]petually v>y+ ) ! s5se1 & is = ! mo/ "p regulat$ by ,,emphasis3 :i* has be5 fully prov$ 9 ! c\rse ( ,lectures on ! ,art ( read+ ,v]se2 :]e x has be5 also %ewn1 t ?is v circum/ance has giv5 u an amaz+ advantage ov] ! anci5ts 9 ! po9t ( poetic numb]s4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,,obs4 #af4--,! lexicograph] "h claims to h %ewn or prov$1 :at he _h only affirm$1 or ass]t$4 ,errone\sly tak+ ! quality ( ! v[el = ! quantity ( ! syllable1 he _h sugge/$1 9 8 confid5t way1 t %ort quantity spr+s f ! acc5t+ ( consonants1 & long quantity1 f ! acc5t+ ( v[els--a doctr9e :i* has be5 amply notic$ & refut$ 9 a prec$+ section ( ! pres5t *apt]4 ,nor is he1 9 :at is "h cit$1 consi/5t ) himself4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 no?+ comes ne>] ?an ?is doctr9e ( 81 to an endeav\r to e/abli% ! proportion ( long & %ort1 z immutably fix$ to ! syllables ( words con/ruct$ 9 a c]ta9 way6 ,next1 al?\gh he else:]e contra/s acc5t & emphasis1 & supposes !m diff]5t1 he ei!r conf\nds !m 9 ref]5ce to v]se1 or contradicts himself by ascrib+ to ea* ! *ief control ov] quantity4 ,&1 la/ly1 if our poetic feet are n quantitative1 n =m$ ( syllables long & %ort1 z 7 ! ,roman1 :at advantage ov] ! anci5ts1 c we d]ive f ! fact1 t quantity is regulat$ by /ress1 :e!r acc5t or emphasis8 ,,obs4 #ag4--,we h1 ,i ?9k1 no prosodial treatise ( high] pret5sions ?an ,era/us ,ev]ett's ,sy/em ( ,engli% ,v]sification1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahdh4 ,?is g5tleman pr(esses to h borr[$ no idea b :at he has regul>ly quot$4 ,he m5tions ?is1 t x may n be suppos$ t ?is "w is a compilation4 ,x w be se51 says he1 h[ great a %>e ( x is orig9al2 & ! au?or1 hav+ d$uc$ 8 rules f ! usage ( ! great poets1 has ! be/ reason = be+ confid5t ( _! correctness4--,preface1 p4 #e4 ,( ! place to be fill$ by ?is ,sy/em1 he has ! foll[+ conception3 ,x is ?\ght to supply an important desid]atum4 ,x is a matt] ( surprise to ! =eign /ud5t1 :o attempts ! /udy ( ,engli% poetry & ! /ructure ( its v]se1 to f9d t we h no "w on :i* he c rely z au?ority on ?is subject4 ,9 ! o!r mod]n languages1 ! mo/ le>n$ philolog]s h treat$ ( ! subject ( v]sification1 9 all its p>ts4 ,9 ,engli% alone1 9 a language :i* possesses a body ( poetical lit]ature m ext5sive1 z well z m valuable ?an any o!r mod]n language1 n except+ ! ,italian1 ! /ud5t has no rules to guide him1 b a few meagre & incorrect outl9es app5d$ to elem5t>y text-books4 ,!n foll[s ?is s+ul>ly inconsi/5t exception3 ,we mu/ except f ?is rem>k two works1 publi%$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,b z !y 7 writt5 be=e ! poetical language ( ! ,engli% tongue 0 fix$1 & z ! rules ( v]se 7 n !n settl$1 ^! works c be ( little practical utility4--,preface1 p4 #a4 ,! works ?us except$ z ( reliable au?ority )\t practical utility1 are a %ort tract by ,gascoyne1 d\btless ,george ,gascoigne's ',notes ( ,in/ruction conc]n+ ! mak+ ( ,v]se or ,rhyme 9 ,engli%1' publi%$ 9 #aege1 & ,webbe's ',disc\rse ( ,engli% ,poetry1' dat$ #aehf1 nei!r ( :i* does ! k9d exceptor appe> to h ev] se56 ,m5tion is next made1 successively1 ( ,dr4 ,c>ey1 ( ,dryd51 ( ,dr4 ,johnson1 ( ,blair1 & ( ,"l ,kames4 ,to ^! guides1 or at lea/ to ! la/ two1 ! au?or is indebt$ = _m valuable h9ts2 yet he scruples n to say1 ,blair betrays a paucity ( k on ?is subject2--,"l ,kames has slurr$ ov] ! subject ( ,quantity1 & %[n an unp>donable ignorance ( ! fir/ pr9ciples ( ,quantity 9 our v]se2--&1 ,ev5 ,dr4 ,johnson speaks ( syllables 9 su* a mann] z w\ld lead u to suppose t he 0 9 ! same error z ,kames4 ,^! inaccuracies1 x is add$1 c be acc\nt$ = only f ! fact t ,prosodians h n ?\ght ,quantity ( suffici5t importance to m]it _! att5tion4--,see ,preface1 p4 #d-f4 ,,obs4 #ah4--;,ev]ett's ,v]sification consi/s ( sev5te5 *apt]s1 numb]$ consecutively1 b divid$ into two p>ts1 "u ! two titles ,quantity & ,con/ruction4 ,its specim5s ( v]se are num]\s1 v>i\s1 & beautiful4 ,its modes ( scansion--! ?+s *iefly to be taught--?\gh p]haps g5]ally correct1 are sometimes que/ionable1 & n always consonant ) ! writ]'s own rules ( quantity4 ,f ! citations above1 "o might expect f ?is au?or su* an exposition ( quantity1 z nobody c\ld ei!r mi/ake or ga9say2 b1 z ! foll[+ plat=m w %[1 8 treatm5t ( ?is po9t is s+ul>ly curt & incomplete4 ,he is s sp>+ ( words z n ev5 to h giv5 a def9ition ( quantity4 ,he op5s 8 subject ?us3 ,,v]sification is ! prop] arrangem5t ( words 9 a l9e accord+ to _! quantity1 & ! disposition ( ^! l9es 9 c\plets1 /anzas1 or 9 blank v]se1 9 su* ord]1 & accord+ to su* rules1 z are sanction$ by usage4--,a ,,foot is a comb9ation ( two or m syllables1 :e!r long or %ort4--,a ,,l9e is "o foot1 or m ?an "o4--,! ,,quantity ( ea* ^w dep5ds on its acc5t4 ,9 words ( m ?an "o syllable1 all acc5t$ syllables are long1 & all unacc5t$ syllables are %ort4 ,monosyllables are long or %ort1 accord+ to ! foll[+ ,rules3--#a/4 ,all ,n\ns1 ,adjectives1 ,v]bs1 & ,p>ticiples are long4--#bnd4 ,! articles are always %ort4--#crd1 ,! ,pron\ns are long or %ort1 accord+ to emphasis4--#d?4 ,int]jections & ,adv]bs are g5]ally long1 b sometimes made %ort by emphasis4--#e?4 ,prepositions & ,conjunctions are almo/ always %ort1 b sometimes made long by emphasis4--,engli% ,v]sification1 p4 #ac4 ,none ( ^! pr9ciples ( quantity are unexceptionable2 & :oev] foll[s !m implicitly1 w (t5 diff] n only f :at is "r1 b f _! au?or himself 9 ! analysis ( v]ses4 ,nor are !y free f important antagonisms4 ,emphasis1 z "h spok5 (1 n only cla%es ) acc5t1 b contradicts itself1 by mak+ "s syllables long & "s %ort2 &1 :at is m my/]i\sly absurd1 ! au?or says1 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t syllables long by ,,quantity become %ort by ,,emphasis4--,ev]ett's ,eng4 ,v]sif41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ii4 ,( ?is1 he takes ! fir/ syllable ( ! foll[+ l9e1 namely1 ! ^w bids1 to be an example3 ,bids me live but to hope for po/erxy's praise4 ,,obs4 #ai4--;,9 ! ,am]ican ,review1 = ,may1 #ahdh1 ,ev]ett's ,sy/em ( ,v]sification is nam$ z an apology & occasion--n = a critical exam9ation ( ?is or any o!r s*eme ( prosody--b = ! promulgation ( a new "o1 a rival !ory ( ,engli% metres1 ! pr9ciples & laws ( :i* ! writ] promises1 at an o!r "t m fully to develop4 ,! article ref]r$ to is entitl$1 ,! ,art ( ,measur+ ,v]ses4 ,! writ]1 be+ designat$ by 8 initials1 ,j4 ,d4 ,w41 is und]/ood to be ,james ,d4 ,:elpley1 editor ( ! ,review4 ,believ+ ,ev]ett's pr9cipal doctr9es to be radically errone\s1 ?is critic nev]!less excuses !m1 because he ?9ks we h no?+ bett]6 ,! views support$ 9 ! "w itself1 says 8 clos+ p>agraph1 are n1 inde$1 su* z we w\ld subscribe to1 nor c we admit ! num]\s analyses ( ! ,engli% metres :i* x conta9s to be correct2 yet1 z x is z complete 9 design & execution z any?+ t has yet appe>$ on ! subject1 & well calculat$ to excite ! att5tion1 & direct ! inquiries1 ( ,engli% s*ol>s1 to ! /udy ( our own metres1 we %all ev5 pass x by )\t a ^w ( criticism4--,am]ican ,review1 ,new ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #dib4 ,,obs4 #bj4--;,ev]ett1 al?\gh1 z we h se51 he ?\ght prop] to d5y t ! /ud5t ( ,engli% v]sification _h any well au?oriz$ rules to guide him1 /ill argues t1 ,! laws ( our v]se are j z fix$1 & may be z cle>ly laid d[n1 if we b att5d to ! usage ( ! great ,poets1 z are ! laws ( our syntax4--,preface1 p4 #g4 ,b ?is critic1 ( ! ,am]ican ,review1 +5i\s ?\gh he is 9 _m ( 8 rem>ks1 flippantly d5ies t our ,engli% ,prosody has ei!r au?orities or pr9ciples :i* "o ought to respect2 & accord+ly c>es s little :om he contradicts1 t he is (t5 inconsi/5t ) himself4 ,"h is a sample3 ,z !re are no e/abli%$ au?orities 9 ?is art1 &1 inde$1 no ackn[l$g$ pr9ciples--e rhyme/] be+ p]mitt$ to inv5t 8 own me?od1 & write by in/9ct or imitation--! critic feels q at lib]ty to say j :at he pleases1 & (f] 8 private obs]vations z ?\gh ^! 7 really ( "s mom5t4--,am4 ,rev41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dhd4 ,9 respect to writ+1 to inv5t1 & to imitate1 are repugnant ideas2 & s are1 aft] a me?od1 & by in/9ct4 ,aga91 :at s5se is !re 9 mak+ ! lib]ty ( publi%+ "o's private obs]vations to dep5d on ! presum$ abs5ce ( rivals8 ,t ! au?or did n lack confid5ce 9 ! g5]al applicability ( 8 speculations1 subv]sive ?\gh !y are ( ! be/ & mo/ popul> tea*+ on ?is subject1 is evid5t f ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,we int5d1 also1 t if ^! pr9ciples1 ) ! o!rs previ\sly express$1 are true 9 ! giv5 in/ances1 !y are equally true = all languages & all v>ieties ( metre1 ev5 to ! d5ial t any poetic metres1 f\nd$ on o!r pr9ciples1 c prop]ly exi/4--,ib41 p4 #dia ,,obs4 #ba4--;,j4 ,d4 ,w4 is n "o ( ^? :o disc>d quantity & supply acc5t 9 exp\nd+ ! nature ( metre2 & yet he does n co9cide v ne>ly ) any ( ^? :o h h]et(ore made quantity ! basis ( poetic numb]s4 ,8 views ( ! rhy?mical elem5ts be+ 9 sev]al respects peculi>1 ,i purpose briefly to notice !m "h1 ?\gh "s ( ! peculi>ities ( ?is new ,art ( ,measur+ ,v]ses1 %\ld r be quot$ "u ! head ( ,scann+1 to :i* !y m prop]ly belong4 ,( e species ( beauty1 says ?is au?or1 & m especially ( ! beauty ( s\nds1 cont9u\sness is ! fir/ elem5t2 a succession ( pulses ( s\nd becomes agreeable1 only :5 ! breaks or int]vals cease to be he>d4 ,aga93 ,quantity1 or ! division into measures ( "t1 is a second elem5t ( v]se2 ea* l9e mu/ be /uff$ out ) s\nds1 to a c]ta9 fullness & plumpness1 t w su/a9 ! voice1 & =ce x to dwell ^u ! s\nds4--,rev41 p4 #dhe4 ,! fir/ ( ^! positions is subsequ5tly contradict$1 or v l>gely qualifi$1 by ! foll[+3 ,s1 ! l9e ( significant s\nds1 9 a v]se1 is also m>k$ by acc5ts1 or pulses1 & divid$ into portions call$ feet4 ,^! are necess>y & natural = ! v simple reason t cont9uity by itself is t$i\s2 & ! greate/ pleasure arises f ! union ( cont9uity ) v>iety4 ,t is1 ) int]ruption1 z he else:]e calls x6 ,9 ! l9e1 ',full mny a tle !r msic tlls1' !re are at lea/ f\r acc5ts or /resses ( ! voice1 ) fa9t pauses aft] !m1 j en\gh to sep>ate ! cont9u\s /ream ( s\nd into ^! f\r p>ts1 to be read ?us3 ,fullman--yatale?--eirmus--ictells1#ejc by :i*1 new comb9ations ( s\nd are produc$1 ( a s+ul>ly musical "*4 ,x is evid5t f ! inspection ( ! above l9e1 t ! division ( ! feet by ! acc5ts is q indep5d5t ( ! division ( words by ! s5se4 ,! s\nds are melt$ into cont9uity1 & re-divid$ aga9 9 a mann] agreeable to ! musical e>4--,ib41 p4 #dhf4 ,und\bt$ly1 ! due =mation ( our poetic feet occasions bo? a bl5d+ ( "s words & a divid+ ( o!rs1 9 a mann] unkn[n to prose2 b /ill we h ! au?ority ( ?is writ]1 z well z ( e>li] ones1 = say+1 ,good v]se requires to be read ) ! natural quantites sic--,,k? ( ! syllables1 7p4 #dhg17 a doctr9e ) :i* t ( ! r$ivision appe>s to cla%4 ,if ! example giv5 be read ) any reg>d to ! csural pause1 z und\bt$ly x %\ld be1 ! ? ( _! _c be jo9$1 z above1 to ! ^w tale2 nor d ,i see any propriety 9 jo9+ ! s ( music to ! ?ird foot r ?an to ! f\r?4 ,c a !ory :i* turns topsyturvy ! :ole plan ( syllabication1 fail to affect ! natural quantities ( syllables8 ,,obs4 #bb--;,diff]5t modes ( read+ v]se1 may1 )\t d\bt1 *ange ! quantities ( v _m syllables4 ,h5ce a correct mode ( read+1 z well z a j !ory ( measure1 is ess5tial to correct scansion1 or a j discrim9ation ( ! poetic feet4 ,x is a v common op9ion1 t ,engli% v]se has b few spondees2 & ! doctr9e ( ,brightl& has be5 r>ely disput$1 t1 ,h]oic ,v]ses consi/ ( five %ort1 & five long ,syllables int]mixt1 b n s v /rictly z nev] to alt] t ord]4--,gram41 #g? ,ed41 p4 #afj4ejd ,j4 ,d4 ,w41 be+ a heavy read]1 w h ea* l9e s /uff$ out ) s\nds1 & ! consonants s syllabl$ aft] ! v[els1 z to give to our h]oics ?ree spondees = e two iambuses2 & l9es l ! foll[+1 :i*1 ) ! elisions1 ,i %\ld resolve into f\r iambuses1 & )\t !m1 into ?ree iambuses & "o anape/1 he supposes to consi/ sev]ally ( f\r spondees3-- ',:5 coldness wraps ?is suff]+ clay1 ,ah6 :i!r /rays ! immortal m9d8' ,^! are to be read1 accord+ to ?is prosodian1 ,:5coldn--esswrap/h--issuff'r--+clay1 ,ah6 :i?--er/ray/h'--immort--alm9d8 ,! v]se1 he cont5ds1 is p]ceiv$ to consi/ ( six probably he meant to say eight heavy syllables1 ea* compos$ ( a v[el foll[$ by a gr\p ( consonantal s\nds1 ! :ole measur$ into f\r equal feet4 ,! movem5t is :at is call$ spondaic1 a spondee be+ a foot ( two heavy s\nds4 ,! abs5ce ( %ort syllables gives ! l9e a peculi> weight & solemnity suit$ to ! s5tim5t1 & d\btless prompt$ by x4--,am]ican ,review1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dhg4 ,( 8 !ory1 he subsequ5tly says3 ,x ma9ta9s t good ,engli% v]se is z ?or\ghly quantitative z ! ,greek1 ?\gh x be mu* m heavy & spondaic4--,ib41 p4 #dia4eje ,,obs4 #bc--;,= ! det]m9+ ( quantities & feet1 ?is au?or borr[s f "s old ,lat9 gramm> ?ree or f\r rules1 commonly ?\ght inapplicable to our tongue1 &1 mix+ !m up ) o!r speculations1 satisfies himself ) /at+ t ! ,art ( ,measur+ ,v]ses requires yet ! production ( _m m su*6 ,b1 ^! ?+s be+ ! ess5ce ( 8 pr9ciples1 x is prop] to /ate !m 9 8 own words3 ,a %ort v[el s\nd foll[$ by a d\ble consonantal s\nd1 usually makes a long quantity2#ejf s also does a long v[el l y 9 beauty1 be=e a consonant4 ,! metrical acc5ts1 :i* (t5 diff] f ! prosaic1 mo/ly fall ^u ! heavy s\nds2 :i* mu/ also be prolong$ 9 read+1 & nev] slurr$ or light5$1 unless to help out a bad v]se4 ,9 our language ! gr\p+s ( ! consonants furni% a great numb] ( spondaic feet1 & give ! language1 especially its m anci5t =ms1 z 9 ! v]se ( ,milton & ! prose ( ,"l ,bacon1 a gr& & solemn "*4 ,"o v[el foll[$ by ano!r1 unless ! fir/ be naturally made long 9 ! read+1 makes a %ort quantity1 z 9 ?e old4 ,s1 also1 a %ort v[el foll[$ by a s+le %ort consonant1 gives a %ort "t or quantity1 z 9 t give4 ,fi/ ,a great v>iety ( rules = ! detection ( long & %ort quantities h yet to be inv5t$1 or appli$ f ! ,greek & ,lat9 prosody4 ,9 all languages !y are ( c\rse ! same1 mak+ due all[ance = diff]5ce ( organization2 b x is z absurd to suppose t ! ,greeks %\ld h a sy/em ( prosody diff]+ 9 pr9ciple f our own1 z t _! rules ( musical h>mony %\ld be diff]5t f ! mod]n4 ,bo? result f ! nature ( ! e> & ( ! organ ( spee*1 & are consequ5tly ! same 9 all ages & nations4--,am4 ,rev41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dhh4 ,,obs4 #bd4--,,quantity is "h repres5t$ z "t only4 ,9 ?is au?or's fir/ m5tion ( x1 x is call$1 r less accurately1 ! division into measures ( "t4 ,) too little reg>d = ei!r ( ^! conceptions1 he next speaks ( x z includ+ bo? "t & acc5t4 ,b ,i h already %[n t acc5ts or /resses _c p]ta9 to %ort syllables1 & !re=e _c be +r$i5ts ( quantity4 ,! :ole article lacks t cle>ness :i* is a prime requisite ( a s\nd !ory4 ,take all ( ! writ]'s next p>agraph z an example ( ?is defect3 ,! two elem5ts ( musical metre1 "t & acc5t1 bo? toge!r con/itut+ quantity1 are equally elem5ts ( ! metre ( v]se4 ,ea* iambic foot or metre1 is m>k$ by a swell ( ! voice1 conclud+ abruptly 9 an acc5t1 or int]ruption1 on ! la/ s\nd ( ! foot2 or1 omit ?is 'or3' x is improp]1 9 metres ( ! tro*aic ord]1 9 su* words z d&y1 h&y1 bottle1 favor1 labor1 x ! foot beg9s ) a heavy acc5t$ s\nd1 & decl9es to a fa9t or light "o at ! close4 ,! l9e is ?us compos$ ( a s]ies ( swells or waves ( s\nd1 conclud+ & beg9n+ alike4 ,! acc5ts1 or po9ts at :i* ! voice is mo/ =cibly ex]t$ 9 ! feet1 be+ ! divisions ( "t1 by :i* a "p ( its musical "* is giv5 to ! v]se1 are usually made to co9cide1 9 our language1 ) ! acc5ts ( ! words z !y are spok52 :i* co9cid5ce dim9i%es ! musical "* ( our v]se4 ,9 ,greek hexamet]s & ,lat9 hexamet]s1 on ! contr>y1 ?is co9cid5ce is avoid$1 z t5d+ to monotony & a prosaic "*4--,ibid4 ,,obs4 #be4--,! passage j cit$ repres5ts acc5t or acc5ts n only z p>tly con/itut+ quantity1 b z be+1 9 its or _! turn1 ! divisions ( "t2--z be+ also /ops1 pauses1 or int]ruptions ( s\nd else cont9u\s2--z be+ ( two sorts1 metrical & prosaic1 :i* usually co9cide1 ?\gh x is said1 !y (t5 diff]1 & _! int]f]5ce is v frequ5t2--z be+ ! po9ts ( /ress 9 ! feet1 b n always su* 9 ! words1 ( v]se2--z /rik+ diff]5t feet diff]5tly1 ea* iambic foot on ! latt] syllable & e tro*ee on ! =m]1 yet caus+1 9 ea* l9e1 only su* waves ( s\nd z conclude & beg9 alike2--z co9cid+ ) ! long quantities & ! prosaic acc5ts1 9 iambics & tro*aics1 yet n co9cid+ ) ^! always2--z giv+ to v]se a "p ( its musical "*1 yet dim9i%+ t "*1 by _! usual co9cid5ce ) ! prose acc5ts2--z be+ kept di/9ct 9 ,lat9 & ,greek1 ! metrical f ! prosaic & _! co9cid5ce avoid$1 to make poetry m poetical1--?\gh ! old prosodi/s1 9 all !y say ( acc5ts1 acute1 grave1 & circumflex1 give no h9t ( ?is prim>y di/9ction6 ,9 all ?is elem5t>y tea*+1 !re seems to be a want ( a cle>1 /eady1 & consi/5t notion ( ! ?+s spok5 (4 ,! au?or's !ory l$ him to sev]al /range comb9ations ( words1 "s ( :i* x is n easy1 ev5 ) 8 :ole explanation be=e u1 to reg>d z o!r ?an absurd4 ,) a few examples ( 8 new phraseology1 ,italiciz$ by myself1 ,i dismiss ! subject3 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t ^w & v]se acc5t fall diff]5tly4--,p4 #dhi4 ,! v]se syllables1 l ! v]se feet1 diff] 9 ! prosaic & ! metrical read+ ( ! l9e4--,ib4 ,if we read x by ! prosaic syllabication1 !re w be no possibility ( measur+ ! quantities4--,ib4 ,! metrical are p]fectly di/9ct f ! prosaic prop]ties ( v]se4--,ib4 ,x may be call$ an iambic dactyl1 =m$ by ! sub/itution ( two %ort = "o long "t 9 ! la/ portion ( ! foot4 ,iambic spondees & dactyls are to be di/+ui%$ by ! metrical acc5t fall+ on ! la/ syllable4--,p4 #dia4 ,,section ,,iv4--,,! ,,k9ds ,,( ,,v]se4 ,! pr9cipal k9ds ( v]se1 or ord]s ( poetic numb]s1 z has already be5 /at$1 are f\r2 namely1 ,iambic1 ,tro*aic1 ,anape/ic1 & ,dactylic4 ,besides ^!1 :i* are sometimes call$ ! simple ord]s be+ unmix$1 or ne>ly s1 "s recognize sev]al ,composite ord]s or 7) a bett] view ( ! matt]7 sev]al k9ds ( mix$ v]se1 :i* are said to con/itute ! ,composite ord]4 ,9 ^!1 "o ( ! f\r pr9cipal k9ds ( feet mu/ /ill be us$ z ! basis1 "s o!r species be+ ins]t$ !re)1 9 ea* l9e or /anza1 ) m or less regul>ity4 ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,names4 ,! div]sification ( any species ( metre1 by ! occasional *ange ( a foot1 or1 9 c]ta9 cases1 by ! addition or omission ( a %ort syllable1 is n usually reg>d$ z suffici5t to *ange ! d5om9ation1 or /at$ ord]1 ( ! v]se2 & _m critics suppose "s v>iety ( feet1 z well z a /udi$ div]sity 9 ! position ( ! csural pause1 ess5tial to ! highe/ excell5ce ( poetic composition4 ,! divid+ ( v]ses into ! feet :i* compose !m1 is call$ ,scann+1 or ,scansion4 ,9 ?is1 accord+ to ! te*nical language ( ! old prosodi/s1 :5 a syllable is want+1 ! v]se is said to be catalectic2 :5 ! measure is exact1 ! l9e is acatalectic2 :5 !re is a r$undant syllable1 x =ms hyp]met]4 ,s9ce ! equal recognition ( s _m feet z twelve1 or ev5 z eight1 w (t5 produce diff]5t modes ( measur+ ! same l9es2 & s9ce x is desirable to measure v]ses ) uni=mity1 & always by ! simple/ process t w well answ] ! purpose2 we usually scan by ! pr9cipal feet1 9 pref]5ce to ! second>y1 :]e ! syllables give u a *oice ( measures1 or may be divid$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,a s+le foot1 especially a foot ( only two syllables1 c h>dly be said to con/itute a l9e1 or to h rhy?m 9 itself2 yet we sometimes see a foot s plac$1 & rhym+ z a l9e4 ,l9es ( two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five1 six1 or sev5 feet1 are common2 & ^! h receiv$ ! te*nical d5om9ations ( dim'et]1 trim'et]1 tetram'et]1 p5tam'et]1 hexam'et]1 & heptam'et]4 ,on a wide page1 iambics & tro*aics may possibly be writt5 9 octom'et]2 b l9es ( ?is measure1 be+ v long1 are mo/ly ab&on$ = alt]nate tetramet]s4 ,,ord] ,i4--,,iambic ,,v]se4 ,9 ,iambic v]se1 ! /ress is laid on ! ev5 syllables1 & ! odd ones are %ort4 ,any %ort syllable add$ to a l9e ( ?is ord]1 is sup]num]>y2 iambic rhymes1 :i* are naturally s+le1 be+ made d\ble by "o1 & triple by two4 ,b ! add+ ( "o %ort syllable1 :i* is mu* practis$ 9 dramatic poetry1 may be reckon$ to conv]t ! la/ foot into an amphibra*1 ?\gh ! add+ ( two _c4 ,iambics consi/ ( ! foll[+ measures3-- ,,measure ,i4--,,iambic ,,( ,,eight ,,feet1 ,,or ,,octomet]4 ,psalm ,,xlvii1 #a & #b4 ,o all ye peo -ple1 clap your h&s1 & wi? trium -phant voi -ces s+2 ,no =ce ! might -y p[] )/&s ( ,god1 ! u -niv] -sal ,k+4 ,see ! ,psalms ( ,david1 9 ,metre1 p4 #ed4 ,ea* c\plet ( ?is v]se is n[ commonly r$uc$ to1 or ex*ang$ =1 a simple /anza ( f\r tetramet] l9es1 rhym+ alt]nately1 & ea* comm5c+ ) a capital2 b sometimes1 ! second l9e & ! f\r? are /ill comm5c$ ) a small lett]3 z1 ,y\r ut -mo/ skill 9 praise be %[n1 = ,him :o all ! _w comm&s1 ,:o sits ^u 8 "r -e\s ?rone1 & spreads 8 sway o'er hea? -en l&s4 ,ib41 v]ses #g & #h2 ,edition b\nd ) ,com4 ,pray]1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahai4 ,an o!r ,example4 ,! h\r is come --! *] -i%'d h\r1 ,:5 f ! bus -y _w set free1 ,i seek at l5g? my lone -ly b[]1 ,& muse 9 si -l5t ?\ght on !e4 ,,!odore ,,hook',s ,,rema9s3 ,! ,exam9]1 ,no4 #hb4 ,,measure ,,ii4--,,iambic ,,( ,,sev5 ,,feet1 ,,or ,,heptamet]4 ,example ,i4--,hat-,brims4 ,x's odd h[ hats exp& _! brims z y\? beg9s to fade1 ,z if :5 life _h rea*$ its noon1 x want -ed !m = %ade4 ,,oliv] ,,w5dell ,,holmes3 ,f a ,newspap]4 ,example ,,ii4--,psalm ,,xlii1 #a4 ,z pants ! h>t = cool -+ /reams1 :5 heat -ed 9 ! *ase2 ,s longs my s\l1 ,o ,god1 = !e1 & ?y refre% -+ grace4 ,,episcopal ,,psalm-,,book3 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,all5's ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #bbg4 ,example ,,iii4--,! ,%eph]d's ,hymn4 ,oh1 :5 ,i rove ! des -ert wa/e1 & 'nea? ! hot sun pant1 ,! ,"l %all be my ,%ep -h]d !n1 he w n let me want2 ,he'll lead me :]e ! pa/ -ures are ( s(t & %ad -y gre51 ,& :]e ! g5 -tle wa -t]s rove1 ! qui -et hills betwe54 ,& :5 ! sav -age %all pursue1 & 9 8 grasp ,i s9k1 ,he w prep>e ! fea/ = me1 & br+ ! cool -+ dr9k1 ,& save me h>m -less f 8 h&s1 & /r5g? -en me 9 toil1 ,& bless my home & cot -tage l&s1 & cr[n my head ) oil4 ,) su* a ,%ep -h]d to protect1 to guide & gu>d me /ill1 ,& bless my he>t ) ev -'ry good1 & keep f ev -'ry ill1 ,surely ,i %all n turn aside1 & scorn 8 k9d -ly c>e1 ,b keep ! pa? he po9ts me out1 & dwell = ev -er !re4 ,w4 ,,gilmore ,,simms3 ,nor? ,am]ican ,read]1 p4 #cgf4 ,example ,,iv4--,! ,f>1 ,f> ,fa/4--,fir/ six ,l9es4 ,x 0 a dream ( e>l -y ye>s1 ! long -e/ & ! la/1 ,& /ill x l+ -ers bright & lone amid ! dre> -y pa/2 ,:5 ,i 0 sick & sad at he>t & fa9t ) grief & c>e1 ,x ?rew its ra -diant smile a?w>t ! %ad -ows ( despair3 ,& /ill :5 falls ! h\r ( gloom ^u ?is way -w>d brea/1 ,unto ,,! ,,f>1 ,,f> ,,ea/ ,i turn = sol -ace & = re/4 ,ed9burgh ,j\rnal2 & ,! ,exam9]1 ,example ,v4--,lam5t ( ! ,slave4--,eight ,l9es f ?irty-f\r4 ,behold ! sun :i* gilds yon heav51 h[ love -ly x appe>s6 ,& mu/ x %9e to light a _w ( w> -f>e & ( te>s8 ,%all hu -man pas -sion ev -er sway ?is glo -ri\s _w ( ,god1 ,& beau -ty1 wis -dom1 hap -p9ess1 sleep ) ! tram -pl$ sod8 ,%all peace ne'er lift h] ban -n] up1 %all tru? & rea -son cry1 ,& m5 oppress !m d[n ) worse ?an an -ci5t tyr -anny8 ,%all all ! les -sons "t has taught1 be s long taught 9 va92 ,& e>? be /eep$ 9 hu -man te>s1 & groan ) hu -man pa98 ,,alonzo ,,lewis3 ,fre$om's ,amulet1 ,dec4 #f1 #ahdh4 ,example ,,vi4--,greek ,fun]al ,*ant4--,fir/ f\r ( sixty-f\r ,l9es4 ,a wail 0 he>d ar\nd ! b$1 ! dea? -b$ ( ! "y2 ,amid/ h] te>s1 ! ,fu -n]al ,*ant a m\rn -ful mo? -er sung4 ',i-an -?is do/ ?\ sleep8-- ,?\ sleep/6-- b ?is is n ! re/1 ,! brea? -+1 w>m1 & ros -y calm1 ,i've pil -l['d on my brea/6' ,,felicia ,,hemans3 ,poetical ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cg4 ,ev]ett obs]ves1 ,! ,iliad 0 translat$ into ?is measure by ,,*apman1 & ! neid by ,,pha]4--,eng4 ,v]sif41 p4 #fh4 ,prior1 :o has a ballad ( "o hundr$ & eighty su* l9es1 intimates 9 a note ! great antiquity ( ! v]se4 ,measures ( ?is l5g?1 ?\gh n v uncommon1 are mu* less frequ5tly us$ ?an %ort] ones4 ,a practice has long prevail$ ( divid+ ?is k9d ( v]se into alt]nate l9es ( f\r & ( ?ree feet1 ?us3-- ,to su* z fe> ?y ho -ly "n1 myself ,i close -ly jo92 ,to all :o _! obe -di5t wills to ?y comm&s resign4 ,psalms ) ,com4 ,pray]3 ,psalm cxix1 #fc4 ,?is1 accord+ to ! critics1 is ! mo/ s(t & pleas+ ( our lyric measures4 ,) ! slight *ange ( sett+ a capital at ! head ( ea* l9e1 x becomes ! regul> ballad-metre ( our language4 ,be+ also adapt$ to hymns1 z well z to light] songs1 &1 m p>ticul>ly1 to qua9t details ( no great l5g?1 ?is /anza1 or a simil> "o m ornam5t$ ) rhymes1 is f\nd 9 _m *oice pieces ( ,engli% poetry4 ,! foll[+ are a few popul> examples3-- ,:5 all ?y m] -cies1 ,o my ,god6 ,my ris -+ s\l surveys1 ,transport -ed ) ! view ,i'm lo/ ,9 won -d]1 love1 & praise4 ,addison's ,hymn ( ,gratitude4 ,john ,gil -p9 0 a cit -iz5 ,( cr$ -x & r5[n1 ,a tra9 -b& cap -ta9 eke 0 he ,( fam -ous ,lon -don t[n4 ,c[p]'s ,poems1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bge4 ,god pros -p] long our no -ble k+1 ,our lives & safe -ties all2 ,a wo -ful hunt -+ once !re did ,9 ,*ev -y ,*ase befall1 ,lat] ,read+ ( ,*evy ,*ase4 ,turn1 ,an -geli -na1 ev -er de>1 ,my *>m -er1 turn to see ,?y own1 ?y long -lo/ ,ed -w9 "h1 ,re/or$ to love & !e4 ,goldsmi?'s ,poems1 p4 #fg4 ',come back6 come back6' he cri$ 9 grief1 ,across ?is /orm -y wat]3 ',& ,i'll =give y\r ,high -l& *ief1 ,my daugh -t]6--oh my daught]6 ',twas va93 ! l\d waves la%$ ! %ore1 ,return or aid prev5t+3-- ,! wa -t]s wild w5t o'er 8 *ild1-- ,& he 0 left lam5t+4--,campbell's ,poems1 p4 #aaj4 ,! rhym+ ( ?is la/ /anza is irregul> & rem>kable1 yet n unpleasant4 ,x is contr>y to rule1 to omit any rhyme :i* ! curr5t ( ! v]se leads ! read] to expect4 ,yet "h ! ^w %ore end+ ! fir/ l9e1 has no correspond5t s\nd1 :]e twelve examples ( su* correspond5ce _h j prec$$2 :ile ! ?ird l9e1 )\t previ\s example1 is s rhym$ )9 itself t "o sc>cely p]ceives ! omission4 ,d\ble rhymes are said by "s to unfit ?is metre = s]i\s subjects1 & to adapt x only to :at is meant to be burlesque1 humor\s1 or satiric4 ,! example above does n confirm ?is op9ion1 yet ! rule1 z a g5]al "o1 may /ill be j4 ,ballad v]se may 9 "s degree imitate ! language ( a simpleton1 & become popul> by cl[ni%ness1 m ?an by elegance3 z1 ,fa!r & ,i w5t d[n to ! camp ,along ) cap -ta9 ,goodw91 ,& !re we saw ! m5 & boys ,z ?ick z ha/ -y pudd+2 ,& !re we saw a ?un -d]+ gun1-- ,x took a horn ( p[d]1-- ,x made a noise l fa -!r's gun1 ,only a na -tion l\d]4 ,orig9al ,song ( ,yankee ,doodle4 ,ev5 ! l9e ( sev5 feet may /ill be l5g!n$ a little by a d\ble rhyme3 z1 ,h[ gay -ly1 o -v] fell & f51 yon sports -man light is da%+6 ,& gay -ly1 9 ! sun -beams bright1 ! m[ --er's blade is fla%+6 ,( ?is l5g?1 ,t4 ,o4 ,*ur*ill reckons ! foll[+ c\plet2 b by ! g5]al usage ( ! day1 ! f9al ed is n made a sep>ate syllable3-- ,) hic & hoec1 z ,pris -cian tells1 sac] -dos 0 decli -ned2 ,b n[ its g5 -d] by ! pope f> bet -t] is defi -ned4 ,*ur*ill's ,new ,gramm>1 p4 #ahh4 ,,measure ,,iii4--,,iambic ,,( ,,six ,,feet1 ,,or ,,hexamet]4 ,example ,i4--,a ,c\plet4 ,so va -ry+ /ill ?eir moods1 observ -+ yet 9 all ,_! quan -tities1 _! re/s1 _! c5 -sures met -rical4 ,,mi*ael ,,drayton3 ,johnson's ,qu>to ,dict41 w4 ,quantity4 ,example ,,ii4--,f a ,description ( a ,/ag-,hunt4 ,& ?r\gh ! cumb -r\s ?icks1 z fe> -fully he makes1 ,he ) 8 bran* -ed head ! t5 -d] sap -l+s %akes1 ,t spr9k -l+ _! moi/ pe>l d seem = him to weep2 ,:5 aft -er goes ! cry1 ) yell -+s l\d & deep1 ,t all ! = -e/ r+s1 & ev -ery neigh -b\r+ place3 ,& !re is n a h\nd b fall -e? to ! *ase4 ,,drayton3 ,?ree ,c\plets f tw5ty-?ree1 9 ,ev]ett's ,v]sif41 p4 #ff4 ,example ,,iii4--,an ,extract f ,%akespe>e4 ,if love make me =sworn1 h[ %all ,i swe> to love8 ,o1 nev -er fai? c\ld hold1 if n to beau -ty v['d3 ,?\gh to myself =sworn1 to !e ,i'll con -/ant prove2 ,^? ?\ghts1 to me l oaks1 to !e l o -si]s b['d4 ,/udy 8 bi -z leaves1 & makes 8 book ?9e eyes1 ,:]e all ^? pleas -ures live1 t art c com -preh5d4 ,if kn[l -edge be ! m>k1 to "k !e %all suffice2 ,well le>n -ed is t tongue t well c !e comm5d2 ,all ig -norant t s\l t sees !e )' out wond]2 ,:i* is to me "s praise1 t ,i ?y p>ts admire3 ,?9e eye ,jove's light -n+ seems1 ?y voice 8 dread -ful ?und]1 ,:i* 7n to an -g] b5t7 is mu -sic & sweet fire4 ,celes -tial z ?\ art1 ,o1 d n love t wrong1 ,to s+ ! heav -ens' praise ) su* an e>? -ly tongue4 ,! ,passionate ,pilgrim1 ,/anza ,,ix2 ,,s+]',s ,,%ak41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #eid4 ,example ,,iv4--,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts ,v]sifi$4 ,adore no ,god besides me1 to provoke m9e eyes2 ,nor wor -%ip me 9 %apes & =ms t m5 devise2 ,) rev 'r5ce use my "n1 nor turn my words to je/2 ,obs]ve my sab -ba? well1 nor d>e pr(ane my re/2 ,honor & due obe -di5ce to ?y pa -r5ts give2 ,nor spill ! guilt -less blood1 nor let ! guilt -y live2#ejg ,pres]ve ?y bod -y *a/e1 & flee ?' unlaw -ful b$2 ,nor /eal ?y neigh -bor's gold1 8 g> -m5t1 or 8 bread2 ,=be> to bla/ 8 "n ) false -hood or deceit2 ,nor let ?y wi% -es loose ^u 8 l>ge e/ate4 ,,dr4 ,,isaac ,,watts3 ,lyric ,poems1 p4 #df4 ,?is v]se1 consi/+1 :5 entirely regul>1 ( twelve syllables 9 six iambs1 is ! ,alex&r9e2 said to h be5 s nam$ because x 0 fir/ us$ 9 a poem call$ ,alex&]4--,worce/]'s ,dict4 ,su* metre has sometimes be5 writt51 ) little div]sity1 ?r\gh an entire ,engli% poem1 z 9 ,drayton's ,polyolbion2 b1 c\plets ( ?is l5g? be+ g5]ally e/eem$ too clumsy = our language1 ! ,alex&r9e has be5 little us$ by ,engli% v]sifi]s1 except to complete c]ta9 /anzas beg9n+ ) %ort] iambics1 or1 occasionally1 to close a p]iod 9 h]oic rhyme4 ,fr5* h]oics are simil> to ?is2 & if1 z "s ass]t1 we h obta9$ x !nce1 ! orig9al poem 0 d\btless a ,fr5* "o1 detail+ ! exploits ( ! h]o ,alex&re4 ,! phrase1 an ,alex&r9e v]se1 is1 9 ,fr5*1 un v]s ,alex&r94 ,dr4 ,gregory1 9 8 ,diction>y ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 copies ,johnson's ,qu>to ,diction>y1 :i* says1 ,,alex&r9e1 a k9d ( v]se borr[$ f ! ,fr5*1 fir/ us$ 9 a poem call$ ,alex&]4 ,!y ,alex&r9es consi/1 among ! ,fr5*1 ( twelve & ?irte5 syllables1 9 alt]nate c\plets2 &1 among u1 ( twelve4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 9 8 ,am]ican ,diction>y1 improp]ly 7z ,i ?9k7 gives to ! "n two =ms1 & seems also to ackn[l$ge two sorts ( ! ,engli% v]se3 ,,alexan',,dr9e1 or ,,alexan',,drian1 n4 ,a k9d ( v]se1 consi/+ ( twelve syllables1 or ( twelve & ?irte5 alt]nately4 ,! ,pet-,lamb1 a mod]n pa/oral1 by ,wordswor?1 has sixty-eight l9es1 all probably meant = ,alex&r9es2 mo/ ( :i* h twelve syllables1 ?\gh "s h ?irte51 & o!rs1 f\rte54 ,b x 7 a great pity1 t v]sification s faulty & unsuitable %\ld ev] be imitat$4 ,ab\t half ( ! said l9es1 z !y appe> 9 ! poet's royal octave1 or ! ,fir/ ,complete ,am]ican1 f ! ,la/ ,london ,edition1 are z %e] prose z c be writt51 x be+ q impossible to read !m into any prop] rhy?m4 ,! poem be+ design$ = *ildr51 ! measure %\ld h be5 r$uc$ to iambic trimet]1 & made exact at t4 ,! /ory comm5ces ?us3-- ,! dew 0 fall -+ fa/1 ! />s began to bl9k2 ,i he>d a voice2 x said1 ',dr9k1 pret -ty crea -ture1 dr9k6' ,&1 look -+ o'er ! h$ge1 be=e me ,i espi$ ,a sn[ -:ite m\n -ta9 ,lamb wi? a ,maid -en at its side4 ,all ?is is regul>1 ) ! exception ( "o foot2 b :o c make any ?+ b prose ( ! foll[+8 ,?y limbs w %ortly be twice z /\t z !y are n[1 ,!n ,i'll yoke !e to my c>t l a pony 9 ! pl\gh4 ,"h ?\ ne$e/ n dread ! rav5 9 ! sky2 ,night & day ?\ art safe1--our cottage is h>d by4 ,,wordswor?',s ,poems1 ,new-,hav5 ,ed41 #ahcf1 p4 #d4 ,9 "s v anci5t ,engli% poetry1 we f9d l9es ( twelve syllables comb9$ 9 c\plets ) o!rs ( f\rte52 t is1 six iambic feet are alt]nat$ ) sev51 9 l9es t rhyme4 ,! foll[+ is an example1 tak5 f a piece ( fifty l9es1 :i* ,dr4 ,johnson ascribes to ! ,e>l ( ,surry1 "o ( ! wits t fl\ri%$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii3-- ,su* way -w>d wayes ha? ,love1 t mo/ "p 9 discord1 ,our willes d /&1 :]eby our h>tes b sel -dom d accord2 ,decyte is hys delighte1 & to begyle & mocke1 ,! sim ple h>tes :i* he do? /rike ) fro -w>d di -v]s /roke4 ,he caus -e? ?' "o to rage ) gold -en burn -+ d>te1 ,& do? allay ) lead -en cold1 aga9 ! o? -er's h>te2 ,^: gleames ( burn -+ fyre & eas -y sp>kes ( flame1 ,9 bal -ance ( une -qual weyght he pon -d]e? by ame4 ,see ,johnson's ,qu>to ,dict41 ,hi/ory ( ! ,eng4 ,lang41 p4 #d4 ,,measure ,,iv4--,,iambic ,,( ,,five ,,feet1 ,,or ,,p5tamet]4 ,example ,i4--,hector to ,&roma*e4 ,&rom -a*e6 my soul's far bet -ter part1 ,:y wi? untime -ly sor -r[s heaves ?y he>t8 ,no hos -tile h& c an -t$ate my doom1 ,till fate condemns me to ! si -l5t tomb4 ,fix'd is ! t]m to all ! race ( e>?2 ,& su* ! h>d conditi -on ( our bir?1 ,no =ce c !n resi/1 no flight c save2 ,all s9k alike1 ! fe> -ful & ! brave4 ,,pope',s ,,hom]3 ,iliad1 ,b4 vi1 l4 #fbd-fcb4 ,example ,,ii4--,angels' ,wor%ip4 ,no soon -er _h ?' ,almight -y ceas'd b all ,! mul -titude ( an -gels ) a %\t ,l\d z f num -b]s )' -out num -b]1 sweet ,z f ble/ voi -ces ut ter + joy1 heav'n rung ,) ju -bilee1 & l\d hosan -nas fill'd ,?' et] -nal re -gions2 l[ -ly rev -er5t ,t['rds ei -!r ?rone !y b[1 & to ! gr\nd ,) sol -emn ad -ora -tion d[n !y ca/ ,_! cr[ns inwove ) am -arant & gold4 ,,milton3 ,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #cdd4 ,example ,,iii4--,deceptive ,glosses4 ,! _w is /ill deceiv'd ) or -nam5t4 ,9 law1 :at plea s ta9t -ed & corrupt1 ,b1 be -+ sea -son'd ) a gra -ci\s voice1 ,obscures ! %[ ( e -vil8 ,9 religion1 ,:at dam --ned er -ror1 b "s s -b] br[ ,w bless x1 & approve x ) a text1 ,hid+ ! gross -ness ) fair or -nam5t8 ,,%akspe>e3 ,m]*4 ( ,v5ice1 ,act iii1 ,sc4 #b4 ,example ,,iv4--,praise ,god4 ,ye head -long tor -r5ts1 rap -id1 & pr(\nd2 ,ye s(t -er floods1 t lead ! hu -mid maze ,along ! vale2 & ?\1 majes -tic ma91 ,a se -cret _w ( won -d]s 9 ?yself1 ,s\nd ,8 /up5 -d\s praise2 ^: great -er voice ,or bids y ro>1 or bids y\r ro> -+s fall4 ,,?omson3 ,hymn to ! ,seasons4 ,example ,v4--,! ,*ri/ian ,_s4 ,l him ! s\l1 ?us k9 -dl$ f above1 ,spreads wide h] arms ( u -niv] -sal love2 ,&1 /ill enl>g'd z %e receives ! grace1 ,includes crea -tion 9 h] close embrace4 ,behold a ,*ris -tian6 & )\t ! fires ,! f\nd -er ( t "n alone inspires1 ,?\gh all accom -pli%m5t1 all kn[l -edge meet1 ,to make ! %9 -+ prod -igy complete1 ,:oev -er boa/s t "n-- behold a *eat6 ,,c[p]3 ,*>ity2 ,poems1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ace4 ,example ,,vi4--,to ,london4 ,t5 "r -e\s w\ld h sav'd a cit -y once1 ,& ?\ ha/ man -y "r -e\s4--,well = !e-- ,t salt pres]ves !e2 m corrupt -ed else1 ,& !re -=e m obnox -i\s1 at ?is h\r1 ,?an ,sod -om 9 h] day _h p['r to be1 ,= :om ,god he>d 8 ,abr' -ham plead 9 va94 ,,idem3 ,! ,task1 ,book iii1 at ! end4 ,?is v]se1 ! iambic p5tamet]1 is ! regul> ,engli% h]oic--a /ately species1 & t 9 :i* mo/ ( our great poems are compos$1 :e!r epic1 dramatic1 or descriptive4 ,x is well adapt$ to rhyme1 to ! composition ( sonnets1 to ! =mation ( /anzas ( sev]al sorts2 & yet is1 p]haps1 ! only measure suitable = blank v]se--:i* latt] =m always dem&s a subject ( "s dignity or sublimity4 ,! ,elegiac ,/anza1 or ! =m ( v]se mo/ commonly us$ by elegi/s1 consi/s ( f\r h]oics rhym+ alt]nately2 z1 ,?\ kn[/ h[ trans -port ?rills ! t5 -d] brea/1 ,:]e love & fan -cy fix _! ope -n+ reign2 ,h[ na -ture %9es 9 live -li] col -ours dress'd1 ,to bless _! un -ion1 & to grace _! tra94 ,,%5/one3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #ajf4 ,iambic v]se is seldom cont9u$ p]fectly pure ?r\gh a long succession ( l9es4 ,among its mo/ frequ5t div]sifications1 are ! foll[+2 & o!rs may p]haps be notic$ h]eaft]3-- 7#a47 ,! fir/ foot is (t5 v>i$ by a sub/itutional tro*ee2 z1 ,bac*us1 t fir/ f out ! pur -ple grape ,cru%'d ! sweet poi -son ( mis-u -ed w9e1 ,aft] ! ,tus -c m> -in]s trans=m'd1 ,coa/+ ! ,tyr -rh5e %ore1 z ?e w9ds li/ed1 ,on ,cir -ce's isl -& fell4 ,:o kn[s n ,circe1 ,! daugh -t] ( ! sun8 ^: *>m -ed cup ,:oev -er ta/ -ed1 lo/ 8 up -"r %ape1 ,& d[n -w>d fell into a grov -ell+ sw9e4 ,,milton3 ,comus2 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #adg4 7#b47 ,by a synresis ( ! two %ort syllables1 an anape/ may sometimes be employ$ = an iambus2 or a dactyl1 = a tro*ee4 ,?is occurs *iefly :]e "o unacc5t$ v[el prec$es an o!r 9 :at we usually reg>d z sep>ate syllables1 & bo? are cle>ly he>d1 ?\gh utt]$ p]haps 9 s quick succession t bo? syllables may occupy only half ! "t ( a long "o4 ,"s prosodi/s1 h[ev]1 *oose to reg>d ^! sub/itutions z in/ances ( trissyllabic feet mix$ ) ! o!rs2 &1 d\btless1 x is 9 g5]al easy to make !m su*1 by an utt]ance t avoids1 r ?an fav\rs1 ! coalesc5ce4 ,! foll[+ are examples3-- ,no re/3 ?r\gh man -y a d>k & dre> -y vale ,!y pass'd1 & man -y a re -gion dol -or\s1 ,o'er man -y a fro -z51 man -y a fi -ery ,alp4 --,,milton3 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #fah4 ,rejoice ye na -tions1 v9 -dicate ! sway ,orda9'd = com -mon hap -p9ess4 ,wide1 o'er ,! globe t]ra -que\s1 let ,britan -nia p\r ,! fruits ( pl5 -ty f h] co -pi\s horn4 --,,dy]3 ,fleece1 ,b4 iv1 l4 #feh4 ,myriads ( s\ls t knew "o pa -r5t mold1 ,see sad -ly sev er'd by ! laws ( *ance6 ,myriads1 9 "t's p]5 -nial li/ enroll'd1 ,=bid by fate to *ange "o tran -si5t glance6 ,,%5/one3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #aji4 7#c47 ,9 plays1 & light or humor\s descriptions1 ! la/ foot ( an iambic l9e is (t5 v>i$ or foll[$ by an additional %ort syllable2 &1 sometimes1 9 v]ses ( triple rhyme1 !re is an addition ( two %ort syllables1 aft] ! pr9cipal rhym+ syllable4 ,"s prosodi/s call ! v>iant foot1 9 die =m] in/ance1 an amphibra*1 & w\ld probably1 9 ! latt]1 suppose ei!r an additional pyrrhic1 or an amphibra* ) /ill a surplus syllable2 b o!rs scan1 9 ^! cases1 by ! iambus only1 call+ :at rema9s aft] ! la/ long syllable hyp]met]2 & ?is is1 ,i ?9k1 ! bett] way4 ,! foll[+ examples %[ ^! & "s o!r v>iations f pure iambic measure3-- ,example ,i4--,grief4 ,ea* sub /ance ( a grief ha? tw5 -ty %adows1 ,:i* %[ l grief itself1 b are n s3 ,= sor -r['s eye1 glazed ) bl9d -+ te>s1 ,divides "o ?+ entire to man --y objects2 ,l p] -spectives1 :i*1 "r -ly gaz'd ^u1 ,%[ no? -+ b confu -sion2 ey'd awry1 ,di/9 -gui% =m3 s y\r sweet maj -e/y1 ,look+ awry ^u y\r "l's dep>ture1 ,f9ds %apes ( grief1 m ?an himself1 to wail2 ,:i*1 look'd on z x is1 is n\ght b %adows4 ,,%akspe>e3 ,ri*>d ,,ii1 ,act ii1 ,sc4 #b4 ,example ,,ii4--,a ,wi% to ,please4 ,o1 t ,i _h ! art ( eas -y writ+ ,:at %\ld be eas -y read -+ c\ld ,i scale ,p>nas -sus1 :]e ! ,mus -es sit 9dit+ ,^? pret -ty po -ems nev -er kn[n to fail1 ,h[ quick -ly w\ld ,i pr9t 7! _w delight+7 ,a ,gre -cian1 ,syr -ian1 or ,assy -ian tale2 ,& sell y1 mix'd ) we/ -ern s5 -tim5talism1 ,"s sam -ples ( ! f9 -e/ ,o -rientalism4 ,,"l ,,byron3 ,beppo1 ,/anza ,,xlviii4 ,,measure ,v4--,,iambic ,,( ,,f\r ,,feet1 ,,or ,,tetramet]4 ,example ,i4--,presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4 ,fir/ /&s ! l(t -y ,wa% -+ton1 ,t no -ble1 great1 immor -tal "o2 ,! eld -er ,ad -ams next we see2 ,& ,jef -f]son comes num -b] ?ree2 ,!n ,mad -ison is f\r?1 y "k2 ,! fif? "o on ! li/1 ,monroe2 ,! six? an ,ad -ams comes aga92 ,& ,jack -son1 sev -en? 9 ! tra92 ,van ,bu -r51 eigh? ^u ! l9e2 ,& ,h> -rison c\nts num -b] n9e2 ,! t5? is ,ty -l]1 9 8 turn2 ,& ,polk1 elev -en?1 z we le>n2 ,! twelf? is ,tay -lor1 peo -ple say2 ,! next we le>n "s fu -ture day4 ,,anonym\s3 ,f ,newspap]1 #ahdi4 ,example ,,ii4--,! ,%eph]d ,b>d4 ,! b>d on ,ett -rick's m\n ta9 gre5 ,9 ,na -ture's bo -som nurs$ _h be51 ,& (t _h m>k$ 9 = -e/ lone ,h] beau -ties on h] m\n -ta9 ?rone2 ,_h se5 h] deck ! wild -wood tree1 ,& /> ) sn[ -y gems ! lea2 ,9 love -lie/ col -ours pa9t ! pla91 ,& s[ ! moor ) pur -ple gra92 ,by gold -en mead & m\n -ta9 %e]1 ,_h view$ ! ,ett -rick wav -+ cle>1 ,:]e %ad -owy flocks ( pur -e/ sn[ ,seem$ graz -+ 9 a _w bel[4 ,,james ,,hogg3 ,! ,que5's ,wake1 p4 #gf4 ,example ,,iii4--,two ,/anzas f ,eighte51 ,address$ to ! ,ettrick ,%eph]d4 ,o ,%ep -h]d6 s9ce 'tis ?9e to boa/ ,! fas -c9at -+ p['rs ( song1 ,f>1 f> above ! c\nt -less ho/1 ,:o swell ! ,mus -es' sup -pliant ?rong1 ,! ,,gift ,,( ,,god di/ru/ no m1 ,8 9 -spira -tion be ?y guide2 ,be he>d ?y h>p f %ore to %ore1 ,?y song's rew>d ?y c\n -try's pride4 ,b4 ,,b>ton3 ,v]ses prefix$ to ! ,que5's ,wake4 ,example ,,iv4--,elegiac ,/anzas1 9 ,iambics ( ,f\r feet & ,?ree4 ,o = a dirge6 ,b :y compla98 ,ask ra? -er a trium -phal /ra9 ,:5 ,,f] ,,mor',s race is run2 ,a g> -l& ( immor -tal b\ghs ,to b9d ar\nd ! ,*ris -tian's br[s1 ,^: glo -ri\s "w is done4 ,we pay a high & ho -ly debt2 ,no te>s ( pas -sionate regret ,%all /a9 ?is vo -tive lay2 ,ill-wor -?y1 ,beau -mont6 7 ! grief ,t fl+s itself on wild relief ,:5 ,sa9ts h pass$ away4 ,w4 ,,wordswor?3 ,poetical ,works1 ,fir/ complete ,am]4 ,ed41 p4 #bjh4 ,?is l9e1 ! iambic tetramet]1 is a fav\rite "o1 ) _m writ]s ( ,engli% v]se1 & has be5 mu* us$1 bo? 9 c\plets & 9 /anzas4 ,butl]'s ,hudibras1 ,gay's ,fables1 & _m allegories1 mo/ ( ,scott's poetical works1 & "s ( ,byron's1 are writt5 9 c\plets ( ?is measure4 ,x is liable to ! same div]sifications z ! prec$+ metre4 ,! frequ5t admission ( an additional %ort syllable1 =m+ d\ble rhyme1 seems admirably to adapt x to a famili>1 humor\s1 or burlesque /yle4 ,! foll[+ may suffice = an example3-- ,fir/1 ?is l>ge p> -cel br+s y tid+s ,( our good ,dean's et] -nal *id+s2 ,( ,nel -ly's p]t -ness1 ,rob -9's leas+s1 ,& ,%] -idan's p]pet -ual teas+s4 ,?is box is cramm'd on ev -ery side ,) ,/el -la's mag -i/e -rial pride4 ,,dean ,,swift3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #ccd4 ,! foll[+ l9es h t5 syllables 9 ea*1 yet ! measure is n iambic ( five feet1 b t ( f\r ) hyp]met]3-- ,!re 0 an an -ci5t sage philosoph]1 ,:o _h read ,al -exan -d] ,ross ov]4--,butl]'s ,hudibras4 ,i'll make !m s]ve = p] -p5dicul>s1 ,z true z e'er 7 u'd by bricklay]s4 --,ib41 ,"p ii1 ,c4 iii1 l4 #ajbj4 ,,measure ,,vi4--,,iambic ,,( ,,?ree ,,feet1 ,,or ,,trimet]4 ,example4--,to ,ev5+4 ,n[ tea* me1 maid compos'd ,to brea! "s s(t -en'd /ra94--,coll9s1 p4 #ci4 ,?is %ort measure has seldom1 if ev]1 be5 us$ alone 9 _m successive c\plets2 b x is (t5 f\nd 9 /anzas1 sometimes )\t o!r l5g?s1 b mo/ commonly ) !m4 ,! foll[+ are a few examples3-- ,example ,i4--,two anci5t ,/anzas1 out ( ,_m1 ,?is :ile we are abroad1 ,%all we n t\* our lyre8 ,%all we n s+ an ode8 ,%all n[ t ho -ly fire1 ,9 u1 t /rong -ly gl['d1 ,9 ?is cold air1 expire8 ,?\gh 9 ! ut -mo/ peak1 ,a :ile we d rema91 ,among/ ! m\n -ta9s bleak1 ,expos'd to sleet & ra91 ,no sport our h\rs %all break1 ,to ex -ercise our ve94 ,,drayton3 ,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #ac2 ,john ,burn's1 p4 #bdd4 ,example ,,ii4--,acis & ,galatea4 ,= u ! zeph -yr bl[s1 ,= u di/ils ! dew1 ,= u unfolds ! rose1 ,& fl['rs display _! hue2 ,= u ! w9 -t]s ra91 ,= u ! sum -m]s %9e1 ,spr+ swells = u ! gra91 ,& au -tumn ble$s ! v9e4 ,,john ,,gay3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #cgf4 ,example ,,iii4--,m5e1 ,m5e1 ,tekel1 ,uph>s94 ,! k+ 0 on 8 ?rone1 ,! sa -traps ?rong$ ! hall2 ,a ?\ -s& bright lamps %one ,o'er t high fes -tival4 ,a ?\ -s& cups ( gold1 ,9 ,ju -dah deem$ div9e-- ,jeho -vah's ves -sels1 hold ,! god -less ,hea -!n's w9e6 ,9 t same h\r & hall1 ,! f9 -g]s ( a h& ,came =? aga9/ ! wall1 ,& wrote z if on s&3 ,! f9 -g]s ( a man1-- ,a sol -ita -ry h& ,along ! let -t]s ran1 ,& trac$ !m l a w&4 ,,"l ,,byron3 ,vision ( ,bel%azz>4 ,example ,,iv4--,lyric ,/anzas4 ,desc5d1 celes -tial fire1 ,& seize me f above1 ,melt me 9 flames ( pure desire1 ,a sac -rifice to love4 ,let joy & wor -%ip sp5d ,! rem -nant ( my days1 ,& to my ,god1 my s\l asc5d1 ,9 sweet p]fumes ( praise4 ,,watts3 ,poems sacr$ to ,devotion1 p4 #ej4 ,example ,v4--,lyric ,/anzas4 ,i w\ld beg9 ! mu -sic "h1 ,& s my s\l %\ld rise3 ,o = "s heav'n -ly notes to be> ,my spir -x to ! skies6 ,!re1 ye t love my say -i\r1 sit1 ,!re ,i w\ld fa9 h place ,among/ y\r ?rones or at y\r feet1 ,s ,i might see 8 face4 ,,watts3 ,same "w1 ,hor ,lyric1 p4 #ga4 ,example ,,vi4--,engl&'s ,dead4 ,! hur -ricane ha? might ,along ! ,9 -dian %ore1 ,& f>1 by ,gan -ges' banks at night1 ,is he>d ! ti -g]'s ro>4 ,b let ! s\nd roll on6 ,x ha? no tone ( dread ,= ^? t f _! toils are gone2-- ,!re slum -b] ,eng -l&'s dead4 ,,hemans3 ,poetical ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #fa4 ,! foll[+ examples h "s ( ! common div]sifications already notic$ "u ! long] measures3-- ,example ,i4--,langu$ocian ,air4 ,love is a hunt -er boy1 ,:o makes "y he>ts 8 prey2 ,& 9 8 nets ( joy ,ensn>es !m night & day4 ,9 va9 conceal'd !y lie1 ,love tracks !m ev' -ry :]e2 ,9 va9 al(t !y fly1 ,love %oots !m fly -+ !re4 ,b 'tis 8 joy mo/ sweet1 ,at e>l -y dawn to trace ,! pr9t ( ,beau -ty's feet1 ,& give ! trem -bl] *ase4 ,& mo/ he loves ?r\gh sn[ ,to track ^? foot -/eps fair1 ,= !n ! boy do? "k1 ,none track'd be=e him !re4 ,,moore',s ,melodies & ,national ,airs1 p4 #bgd4 ,example ,,ii4--,f a ,portuguese ,air4 ,fl[ on1 ?\ %9 -+ riv]1 ,b ere ?\ rea* ! sea1 ,seek ,el -la's b[]1 & give h] ,! wrea?s ,i fl+ o'er !e4 ,b1 if 9 w&' -r+ ?i!r1 ,?\ f9d %e mocks my pray'r1 ,!n leave ^? wrea?s to )] ,^u ! cold bank !re4 ,,moore3 ,same ,volume1 p4 #bfa4 ,example ,,iii4--,resignation4 ,o ,res -igna -tion6 yet unsung1 ,unt\*'d by = -m] /ra9s2 ,?\gh claim -+ ev -ery mu -se's smile1 ,& ev -ery po -et's pa9s6 ,all o? -er du -ties cres -c5ts are ,( vir -tue fa9t -ly bright2 ,! glo -ri\s con -summa -tion1 ?\1 ,:i* fills h] orb ) light6 ,,"y3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 viii1 p4 #cgg4 ,,measure ,,vii4--,,iambic ,,( ,,two ,,feet1 ,,or ,,dimet]4 ,example--,a ,scold+ ,wife4 #a4 ,!re 0 a man ,^: "n 0 ,dan1 ,:o sel -dom spoke2 ,8 "p -n] sweet ,he ?us did greet1 ,)\t a joke2 #b4 ,my love -ly wife1 ,?\ art ! life ,( all my joys2 ,)\t !e1 ,i ,%\ld sure -ly die ,= want ( noise4 #c4 ,o1 prec -i\s "o1 ,let ?y tongue run ,9 a sweet fret2 ,& ?is w give ,a *ance to live1 ,a long "t yet4 #d4 ,:5 ?\ do/ scold ,s l\d & bold1 ,i'm kept awake2 ,b if ?\ leave1 ,x w me grieve1 ,till life =sake4 #e4 ,!n said 8 wife1 ,i'll h no /rife ,) y1 sweet ,dan2 ,z 'tis y\r m9d1 ,i'll let y f9d ,i am y\r man4 #f4 ,& fret ,i w1 ,to keep y /ill ,enjoy -+ life2 ,s y may be ,cont5t ) me1 ,a scold -+ wife4 ,,anonym\s3 ,c9c9nati ,h]ald1 #ahdd4 ,iambic dimet]1 l ! metre ( ?ree iambs1 is mu* less frequ5tly us$ alone ?an 9 /anzas ) long] l9es2 b ! prec$+ example is a refutation ( ! idea1 t no piece is ev] compos$ :olly ( ?is measure1 or t ! two feet _c con/itute a l9e4 ,9 ,humphrey's ,engli% ,prosody1 on page #af?1 is ! foll[+ p>agraph2 :i* is n only defective 9 /yle1 b errone\s 9 all its av]m5ts3-- ,poems are nev] compos$ ( l9es ( two - feet metre1 9 succession3 !y comb9ations ( two feet are only us$ occasionally 9 poems1 hymns1 odes1 c4 to div]sify ! metre2 & are1 9 no case1 l9es ( poetry1 or v]ses2 b hemi/ics1 hemi/i*s1 or half l9es4 ,! %orte/ metre ( :i* iambic v]se is compos$1 9 l9es successively1 is t ( ?ree feet2 & ?is is ! %orte/ metre :i* c be d5om9at$ l9es1 or v]ses2 & ?is is n frequ5tly us$4 ,9 ballads1 ditties1 hymns1 & v]sifi$ psalms1 sc>cely any l9e is m common ?an ! iambic trimet]1 "h d5i$ to be frequ5tly us$2 ( :i* species1 !re are ab\t sev5ty l9es among ! examples above4 ,dr4 ,"y's poem entitl$ ,resignation1 has eight hundr$ & tw5ty su* l9es1 & z _m m ( iambic tetramet]4 ,8 ,ocean has "o hundr$ & =ty-five ( ! latt]1 & two hundr$ & n9ety-two ( ! species n[ "u consid]ation2 i4e41 iambic dimet]4 ,b h[ c ! metre :i* pr$om9ates by two to "o1 be call$1 9 su* a case1 an occasional div]sification ( t :i* is less frequ5t8 ,l9es ( two iambs are n v uncommon1 ev5 9 psalmody2 &1 s9ce we h "s l9es yet %ort]1 & ! l5g?s ( all are det]m9$ only by ! act ( measur+1 !re is1 surely1 no propriety 9 call+ dimet]s hemi/i*s1 m]ely because !y are %ort4 ,! foll[+ are "s examples ( ?is measure comb9$ ) long] ones3-- ,example ,i4--,f ,psalm ,,cxlviii4 #a1 #b4 ,ye b\nd -less realms ( joy1 ,exalt y\r ,ma -k]'s fame2 ,8 praise y\r songs employ ,above ! /> -ry frame3 ,y\r voi -ces raise1 ,ye ,*] -ubim1 ,& ,s] -aphim1 ,to s+ 8 praise4 #c1 #d4 ,?\ moon1 t rul'/ ! night1 ,& sun1 t guid'/ ! day1 ,ye glitt' -r+ />s ( light1 ,to him y\r hom -age pay3 ,8 praise decl>e1 ,ye heav5s above1 ,& cl\ds t move ,9 liq -uid air4 ,! ,book ( ,psalms 9 ,metre1 7) ,com4 ,pray]17 #ahai4 ,example ,,ii4--,f ,psalm ,,cxxxvi4 ,to ,god ! might -y ,"l1 y\r joy -ful ?anks repeat2 ,to him due praise af=d1 z good z he is great3 ,= ,god does prove ,our con -/ant fri5d1 ,8 b\nd -less love ,%all nev -er end4--,ib41 p4 #afd4 ,example ,,iii4--,gloria ,patri4 ,to ,god ! ,fa -!r1 ,son1 ,& ,spir -x ev -er bless'd1 ,et] -nal ,?ree 9 ,"o1 ,all wor -%ip be address'd2 ,z "h -t(ore ,x 01 is n[1 ,& %all be s ,= ev -ermore4--,ib41 p4 #agi4 ,example ,,iv4--,"p ( ,psalm ,,iii4 ,o ,"l1 h[ man -y are my foes6 ,h[ man -y ^? ,t n[ 9 arms aga9/ me rise6 ,_m are !y ,t ( my life di/ru/ -fully ?us say3 ',no help = him 9 ,god !re lies4' ,b ?\1 ,"l1 art my %ield my glory2 ,!e1 ?r\gh my /ory1 ,?' exalt -er ( my head ,i c\nt2 ,al\d ,i cri$ ,unto ,jeho -vah1 he full soon repli$1 ,& he>d me f 8 ho -ly m\nt4 ,,milton3 ,psalms ,v]sifi$1 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #afa4 ,example ,v4--,six ,l9es ( an ,air4 ,z :5 ! dove ,lam5ts h] love ,all on ! na -k$ spray2 ,:5 he returns1 ,no m %e m\rns1 ,b loves ! live -long day4 ,,john ,,gay3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #cgg4 ,example ,,vi4--,f\r ,/anzas ( an ,ode4 ,,xxviii4 ,gold pleas -ure buys2 ,b pleas -ure dies1 ,too soon ! gross fruiti -on cloys3 ,?\gh rapt -ures c\rt1 ,! s5se is %ort2 ,b vir -tue k9 -dles liv -+ joys3 ,,xxix4 ,joys felt alone6 ,joys ask'd ( none6 ,:i* ,"t's & ,= -tune's ar -r[s miss2 ,joys t subsi/1 ,?\gh fates resi/1 ,an un -preca -ri\s1 end -less bliss6 ,,xxx4 ,! s\l ref9'd ,is mo/ incl9'd ,to ev -ery mor -al ex -cell5ce2 ,all vice is dull1 ,a knave's a fool2 ,& ,vir -tue is ! *ild ( ,s5se4 ,,xxxi4 ,! vir -tu\s m9d ,nor wave1 nor w9d1 ,nor civ -il rage1 nor ty -rant's fr[n1 ,! %ak -en ball1 ,nor plan -ets' fall1 ,f its firm ba -sis c de?rone4 ,,"y',s ,,ocean3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 viii1 p #bgg4 ,!re is a l9e ( five syllables & d\ble rhyme1 :i* is commonly reg>d$ z iambic dimet] ) a sup]num]>y %ort syllable2 & :i*1 ?\gh x is susceptible ( two o!r divisions into two feet1 we pref] to scan 9 ?is mann]1 because x usually alt]nates ) pure iambics4 ,twelve su* l9es occur 9 ! foll[+ extract3-- ,,love ,,transitory ,c\ld ,love = ever ,run l a river1 ,& ,"t's endeavour ,be tri$ 9 va91-- ,no o? -er pleasure ,) ?is c\ld measure2 ,& l a treasure ,we'd hug ! *a94 ,b s9ce our sigh+ ,ends n 9 dy+1 ,&1 =m$ = fly+1 ,love plumes 8 w+2 ,!n = ?is reason ,let's love a season2 ,b let t season ,be on -ly spr+4 ,,"l ,,byron3 ,see ,ev]ett's ,v]sification1 p4 #ai2 ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fej4 ,,measure ,,viii4--,,iambic ,,( ,,"o ,,foot1 ,,or ,,monomet]4 ,! %orte/ =m ( ! ,engli% ,iambic1 says ,l9dley ,murray1 consi/s ( an ,iambus ) an additional %ort syllable3 z1 ,disda9+1 ,compla9+1 ,cons5t+1 ,rep5t+4 ,we h no poem ( ?is measure1 b x may be met ) 9 /anzas4 ,! ,iambus1 ) ?is addition1 co9cides ) ! ,amphibra*4--,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #bjd2 #hvo1 p4 #bed4 ,?is1 or ! sub/ance ( x1 has be5 repeat$ by _m o!r au?ors4 ,ev]ett v>ies ! language & illu/ration1 b tea*es ! same doctr9e4 ,see ,e4 ,v]sif41 p4 #ae4 ,n[ !re are sundry examples :i* may be cit$ to %[1 t ! iambus1 )\t any additional syllable1 & )\t ! liability ( be+ conf\nd$ ) an o!r foot1 may1 & sometimes does1 /& z a l9e1 & su/a9 a regul> rhyme4 ,! foll[+ pieces conta9 in/ances ( ?is sort3-- ,example ,i4--,h[ to ,keep ,l5t4 ,is ?is a ,fa/1 to keep ,! l>d -er lean ,& clean ,f fat ( neats & %eep8 ,is x to quit ! di% ,( fle%1 yet /ill ,to fill ,! plat -t] high ) fi%8 ,is x to fa/ an h\r1 ,or ragg'd to g1 ,or %[ ,a d[n -ca/ look & s\r8 ,no3--',tis a ,fa/ to dole ,?y %eaf ( :eat1 ,& meat1 ,unto ! hun -gry s\l4 ,x is to fa/ f /rife1 ,f old debate1 ,& hate2 ,to cir -cumcise ?y life2 ,to %[ a he>t grief-r5t2 ,to />ve ?y s91 ,n b93 ,ay1 t's to keep ?y ,l5t4 ,,rob]t ,,h]rick3 ,clapp's ,pione]1 p4 #dh4 ,example ,,ii4--,to ,m>y ,ann4 ,?is s+ul> arrangem5t ( sev5ty-two sep>ate iambic feet1 ,i f9d )\t int]m$iate po9ts1 & leave x s4 ,x seems int5d$ to be read 9 ?ree or m diff]5t ways1 & ! punctuation requir$ by "o mode ( read+ w\ld n :olly suit an o!r4 ,y\r face ,y\r tongue ,y\r wit ,s fair ,s sweet ,s %>p ,fir/ b5t ,!n drew ,!n hit ,m9e eye ,m9e e> ,m9e he>t ,m9e eye ,m9e e> ,m9e he>t ,to l ,to le>n ,to love ,y\r face ,y\r tongue ,y\r wit ,do? lead ,do? tea* ,do? move ,y\r face ,y\r tongue ,y\r wit ,) beams ,) s\nd ,) art ,do? bl9d ,do? *>m ,do? rule ,m9e eye ,m9e e> ,m9e he>t ,m9e eye ,m9e e> ,m9e he>t ,) life ,) hope ,) skill ,y\r face ,y\r tongue ,y\r wit ,do? fe$ ,do? fea/ ,do? fill ,o face ,o tongue ,o wit ,) fr[ns ,) *eek ,) sm>t ,wrong n ,vex n ,w\nd n ,m9e eye ,m9e e> ,m9e he>t ,?is eye ,?is e> ,?is he>t ,%all joy ,%all b5d ,%all swe> ,y\r face ,y\r tongue ,y\r wit ,to s]ve ,to tru/ ,to fe>4 ,,anonym\s3 ,sundry ,am]ican ,newspap]s1 9 #ahdi4 ,example ,,iii4--,umbrellas4 ,! late ,george ,cann+1 ( :om ,byron said t 'x 0 8 happ9ess to be at once a wit1 poet1 orator1 & /atesman1 & excell5t 9 all1' is ! au?or ( ! foll[+ clev] jeu d' esprit3 except ?ree l9es "h add$ 9 brackets3 ,i saw a man ) two umbrellas1 7,"o ( ! lon --ge/ k9d ( fell[s17 ,:5 x ra9$1 ,meet a lady ,on ! %ady ,side ( ?irty -?ree1 ,m9us "o ( ^! ra9 -dispell]s4 ',i see1' ,says %e1 ',y\r qual -ity ( m] -cy is n /ra9$4' ,n sl[ to compreh5d an inkl+1 ,8 eye ) wag -gi% hu -m\r tw9kl+4 ,repli$ he1 ',ma'am1 ,be calm2 ,?is "o "u my arm ,is rott51 ,& c -n save y f a spr9kl+4 ,besides to keep y dry1 ',tis pla9 t y z well z ,i1 ',c lift y\r cotton4' ,see ,! ,essex ,c\nty ,freeman1 ,vol4 i1 ,no4 #a4 ,example ,,iv4--,%r$s ( a ,song4 ,i4 ,,spr+4 ,! cuck --oo !n1 on ev --ery tree1 ,mocks m> --ri$ m51 = ?us s+s he1 ,cuckoo'2 ,cuckoo'1 cuckoo'1-- ,o ^w ( fe>1 ,unpleas -+ to a m> -ri$ e>6 ,,ii4 ,,w9t]4 ,:5 blood is nipp'd1 & ways be f\l1 ,!n night -ly s+s ! /> -+ owl1 ,to-:o2 ,to-:it1 to-:o1 a m] -ry note1 ,:ile greas -y ,joan do? keel ! pot4 --,,%akspe>e3 ,love's ,lab\r's ,lo/1 ,act v1 ,sc4 #b4 ,example ,v4--,puck's ,*>m4 ,:5 he has utt]$ ! fif? l9e1 he squeezes a juice on ,lys&]'s eyes4 ,on ! gr\nd1 ,sleep s\nd2 ,i'll apply ,to y\r eye1 ,g5tle lov]1 rem$y4 ,:5 ?\ wak'/1 ,?\ tak'/ ,true delight ,9 ! sight ,( ?y =m] lady's eye4 #ejh ,,idem3 ,midsumm]-,night's ,dream1 ,act iii1 ,sc4 #b4 ,,ord] ,,ii4--,,tro*aic ,,v]se4 ,9 ,tro*aic v]se1 ! /ress is laid on ! odd syllables1 & ! ev5 ones are %ort4 ,s+le-rhym$ tro*aic omits ! f9al %ort syllable1 t x may end ) a long "o2 = ! common doctr9e ( ,murray1 ,*&l]1 ,*ur*ill1 ,bullions1 ,butl]1 ,ev]ett1 ,f[l]1 ,weld1 ,wells1 ,mulligan1 & o!rs1 t ?is *ief rhym+ syllable is additional to ! real numb] ( feet 9 ! l9e1 is manife/ly incorrect4 ,"o long syllable is1 9 "s in/ances1 us$ z a foot2 b x is "o or m %ort syllables only1 t we c prop]ly admit z hyp]met]4 ,iambics & tro*aics (t5 occur 9 ! same poem2 b1 9 ei!r ord]1 writt5 ) exactness1 ! numb] ( feet is always ! numb] ( ! long syllables4 ,examples f ,gray's ,b>d4 7#a47 ,ru9 seize !e1 ru?less k+6 ,confu -sion on ?y ban -n]s wait1 ,?\gh1 fann'd by ,con -que/'s crim -son w+4 ,!y mock ! air ) i -dle /ate4 ,helm1 nor haub]k's twi/$ mail1 ,nor e'en ?y vir -tues1 ty -rant1 %all avail4 7#b47 ,weave ! w>p1 & weave ! wo(1 ,! w9d -+-%eet ( ,ed -w>d's race4 ,give am -ple room1 & v]ge en\gh1 ,! *> -act]s ( hell to trace4 ,m>k ! ye>1 & m>k ! night1 ,:5 ,sev -ern %all re-e* -o ) affright4 ,! ,b>d1 a ,p9d>ic ,ode2 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #bha & #bhb4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,tro*aic v]se )\t ! f9al %ort syllable1 is ! same z iambic w\ld be )\t ! initial %ort syllable2--x be+ q pla91 t iambic1 s *ang$1 becomes tro*aic1 & is iambic no long]4 ,b tro*aic1 retr5*$ ( its la/ %ort syllable1 is tro*aic /ill2 & c no o!rwise be made iambic1 ?an by ! prefix+ ( a %ort syllable to ! l9e4 ,feet1 & ! ord]s ( v]se1 are di/+ui%$ "o f an o!r by two ?+s1 & 9 g5]al by two only2 ! numb] ( syllables tak5 z a foot1 & ! ord] ( _! quantities4 ,tro*aic v]se is always z di/+ui%able f iambic1 z iambic is f any o!r4 ,yet h we sev]al gramm>ians & prosodies :o contrive to conf\nd !m--or :o1 at lea/1 mi/ake catalectic tro*aic = catalectic iambic2 & t too1 :]e ! syllable want+ affects only ! la/ foot1 & makes x p]haps b a common & ne$ful csura4 ,,obs4 #b4--,to suppose t iambic v]se may drop its initial %ort syllable1 & /ill be iambic1 /ill be measur$ z be=e1 is n only to take a s+le long syllable = a foot1 n only to recognize a p$al csura at ! beg9n+ ( ea* l9e1 b utt]ly to de/roy ! only pr9ciples on :i* iambics & tro*aics c be discrim9at$4 ,yet ,hiley1 ( ,le$s1 & ,wells1 ( ,&ov]1 :ile !y are c>eful to treat sep>ately ( ^! two ord]s ( v]se1 n only tea* t any ord] may take at ! end an additional syllable1 b also sugge/ t ! iambic may drop a syllable f ! fir/ foot1 )\t dim9i%+ ! numb] ( feet1--)\t *ang+ ! succession ( quantities1--)\t di/urb+ ! mode ( scansion6 ,sometimes1 say !y1 79 treat+ ( iambics17 a syllable is cut (f f ! fir/ foot2 z1 ,prise to ,gd1 immr -tal prise1 ,fr ! lve t crwns our dys4--,,b>bauld4 ,hiley's ,e4 ,gram41 ,?ird ,edition1 ,london1 p4 #abd2 ,wells's1 ,?ird ,edition1 p4 #aih4 ,,obs4 #c4--,n[ ?is c\plet is ! precise exempl>1 n only ( ! ?irty-six l9es ( :i* x is a "p1 b also ( ! mo/ common ( our tro*aic metres2 & if ?is may be ?us scann$ into iambic v]se1 s may all o!r tro*aic l9es 9 exi/5ce3 di/9ction betwe5 ! two ord]s mu/ !n be worse ?an useless4 ,b ,i reject ?is doctr9e1 & tru/ t mo/ read]s w easily see its absurdity4 ,a prosodi/ might j z well scan all iambics into tro*aics1 by pron\nc+ ea* initial %ort syllable to be hyp]met]4 ,=1 surely1 if defici5cy may be discov]$ at ! beg9n+ ( measurem5t1 s may r$undance4 ,b if nei!r is to be look$ = be=e ! measurem5t ends1 7:i* supposition is c]ta9ly m reasonable17 !n is ! di/9ction already v9dicat$1 & ! scansion above-cit$ is %[n to be errone\s4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,b !re are yet o!r objections to ?is doctr9e1 o!r errors & inconsi/5cies 9 ! tea*+ ( x4 ,exactly ! same k9d ( v]se z ?is1 :i* is said to consi/ ( f\r iambuses f "o ( :i* a syllable is cut (f1 is subsequ5tly scann$ by ! same au?ors z be+ compos$ ( ?ree tro*ees & an additional syllable2 z1 ',ha/e !e1 ,nymph1 & br+ ) !e ,je/ & y\?ful ,jolli -ty4'--,,milton4 ,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>1 p4 #bjj4 ,vxal spark ( heav'nly flme1 ,quit oh quit ?is mortal frame4 #eji--,,pope4 ,hiley's ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #abf4 ,!re is1 9 ! works "h cit$1 n only ! inconsi/5cy ( tea*+ two v diff]5t modes ( scann+ ! same species ( v]se1 b 9 ea* in/ance ! scansion is wrong2 = all ! l9es 9 "q are tro*aic ( f\r feet1--s+le-rhym$1 &1 ( c\rse1 catalectic1 & end+ ) a csura1 or elision4 ,9 no metre t lacks b "o syllable1 c ?is sort ( foot occur at ! beg9n+ ( a l9e2 yet1 z we see1 x is sometimes imag9$ to be !re1 by ^? :o h nev] be5 able to f9d x at ! end1 :]e x (t5e/ exi/s6 ,,obs4 #e4--;,i h h9t$1 9 ! ma9 p>agraph above1 t x is a common error ( our prosodi/s1 to und]rate1 by "o foot1 ! measure ( all tro*aic l9es1 :5 !y t]m9ate ) s+le rhyme2 an error into :i* !y are l$ by an o!r z gross1 t ( tak+ = hyp]met]1 or m]e surplus1 ! :ole rhyme itself1 ! s\nd or syllable mo/ indisp5sable to ! v]se4 7,= rhyme ! rudd] is ( v]ses1 ,) :i*1 l %ips1 !y /e] _! c\rses47--,hudibras4 ,iambics & tro*aics1 ( correspond+ metres1 & exact 9 !m1 agree ( c\rse 9 bo? ! numb] ( feet & ! numb] ( syllables2 b z ! =m] are slightly r$undant ) d\ble rhyme1 s ! latt] are defici5t z mu*1 ) s+le rhyme2 yet1 ! numb] ( feet may1 & %\ld1 9 ^! cases1 be reckon$ ! same4 ,an e/imable au?or n[ liv+ says1 ,tro*aic v]se1 ) an additional long syllable1 is ! same z iambic v]se1 )\t ! initial %ort syllable4--,n4 ,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aic4 ,?is in/ruction is n q accurate4 ,nor w\ld x be "r1 ev5 if !re c\ld be iambic v]se )\t ! initial %ort syllable1 & if x 7 univ]sally true1 t1 ,tro*aic v]se may take an additional long syllable4--,ibid4 ,= ! addition & subtraction "h sugge/$1 w inevitably make ! diff]5ce ( a foot1 betwe5 ! measures or v]ses said to be ! same6 ,,obs4 #f4--;,i d\bt1 says ,t4 ,o4 ,*ur*ill1 :e!r ! tro*aic c be consid]$ z a legitimate ,engli% measure4 ,all ! examples ( x giv5 by ,johnson h an additional long syllable at ! end3 b ^! are iambics1 if we look ^u ! additional syllable to be at ! beg9n+1 :i* is mu* m agreeable to ! analogy ( music4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #cij4 ,?is d\bt1 ridicul\s z mu/ be all reason+ 9 support ( x1 ! au?or s]i\sly endeav\rs to raise into a g5]al conviction t we h no tro*aic ord] ( v]se6 ,x c h>dly be wor? :ile to notice "h all 8 rem>ks4 ,an additional long syllable ,johnson nev] dream$ (--at ! end--at ! beg9n+--or any:]e else4 ,= he discrim9at$ metres1 n by ! numb] ( feet1 z he ought to h done1 b by ! numb] ( syllables he f\nd 9 ea* l9e4 ,8 doctr9e is ?is3 ,our iambick measure comprises v]ses--,( f\r syllables1--,( six1--,( eight1--,( t54 ,our tro*aick measures are--,( ?ree syllables1--,( five1--,( sev54 ,^! are ! measures :i* are n[ 9 use1 & above ! re/ ^? ( sev51 eight & t5 syllables4 ,our anci5t poets wrote v]ses sometimes ( twelve syllables1 z ,drayton's ,polyolbion2 & ( f\rte51 z ,*apman's ,hom]4 ,we h ano!r measure v quick & lively1 & !re=e mu* us$ 9 songs1 :i* may be call$ ! anape/ick4 ',may ,i gv]n my pssion ) bsolute swy1 ,& gr[ wis] & btt] z life we>s awy4' ,dr4 ,pope4 ,9 ?is measure a syllable is (t5 retr5*$ f ! fir/ foot1 2 z 1 ',:5 prs5t we lve1 & :5 bs5t agre1 ,i ?'nk n ( ,i'ris 4 nor ,i'ris ( m4' ,dryd54 ,^! measures are v>i$ by _m comb9ations1 & sometimes by d\ble end+s1 ei!r ) or )\t rhyme1 z 9 ! h]oick measure4 '',tis ! div9ity t /irs )9 u1 ',tis heav5 itself t po9ts out an h]eaft]44' ,addison4 ,s 9 t ( eight syllables1 ',!y nei!r add$ nor conf\nd$1 ,!y nei!r want$ nor ab\nd$4' ,prior4 ,9 t ( sev51 ',= resi/ance ,i c\ld fe> none1 ,b ) tw5ty %ips _h done1 ,:at ?\1 brave & happy ,v]non1 ,ha/ a*iev$ ) six alone4' ,glov]4 ,to ^! measures & _! laws1 may be r$uc$ e species ( ,engli% v]se4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,tongue1 p4 #ad4 ,see 8 ,qu>to ,dict4 ,"h1 except a few less important rem>ks1 & sundry examples ( ! metres nam$1 is ,johnson's :ole s*eme ( v]sification4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,h[1 :5 a prosodi/ judges c]ta9 examples to h an additional long syllable at ! end1 he c look ^u ! additional syllable to be at ! beg9n+1 is a matt] ( m>vel2 yet1 to aboli% tro*aics1 ,*ur*ill n only does & advises ?is1 b imag9es %ort syllables remov$ sometimes f ! beg9n+ ( l9es2 :ile sometimes he c\ples f9al %ort syllables ) initial long ones1 to make iambs1 & yet does n always c\nt ^! z feet 9 ! v]se1 :5 he has done s6 ,johnson's in/ructions are bo? misund]/ood & misrepres5t$ by ?is gramm>ian4 ,i h !re=e cit$ !m ! m fully4 ,! fir/ syllable be+ retr5*$ f an anape/1 !re rema9s an iambus4 ,b :at c\nt5ance has ,johnson l5t to ! gross error ( reckon+ su* a foot an anape/ /ill8--or to t ( comm5c+ ! measurem5t ( a l9e by includ+ a syllable n us$ by ! poet8 ,! prec$+ /anza f ,glov]1 is tro*aic ( f\r feet2 ! odd l9es full1 & ( c\rse mak+ d\ble rhyme2 ! ev5 l9es catalectic1 & ( c\rse end+ ) a long syllable c\nt$ z a foot4 ,johnson cit$ x m]ely z an example ( d\ble end+s imag9+ 9 x no additional syllable1 except p]haps ! two :i* t]m9ate ! two tro*ees1 fe> none & ,v]non4 ,^!1 x may be inf]r$1 he improp]ly conceiv$ to be additional to ! regul> measure2 because he reckon$ measures by ! numb] ( syllables1 & probably suppos$ s+le rhyme to be ! normal =m ( all rhym+ v]se4 ,,obs4 #h4--,!re is false scansion 9 _m a s*ool gramm>1 b p]haps none m unc\?ly false1 ?an ,*ur*ill's pret5d$ am5dm5ts ( ,johnson's4 ,! second ( ^!--:]e9 ! old sev5-foot iambic is pr(ess$ly f\nd 9 two l9es ( ,glov]'s tro*aic tetramet]--,i %all quote3-- ,9 ! anap/ic measure1 ,johnson himself all[s1 t a syllable is (t5 retr5*$ f ! fir/ foot2 yet he gives z an example ( tro*aics ) an additional syllable at ! end ( ! ev5 l9es a /anza1 :i*1 by adopt+ ! same pr9ciple1 w\ld be 9 ! iambic measure3 ,= resis- tance ,i c\ld fe> none1 ,b ) tw5 ty %ips _h done1 ,:at ?\1 brave & hap py ,v]- non1 ,ha/ a*iev'd ) six alone4 ,9 fact1 ! second & f\r? l9es "h /amp ! "* ( ! measure2 ,fi/ :i* is ! old sev5-foot iambic brok5 into f\r & ?ree1 ,,) ,,an ,,additional ,,syllable ,,at ,,! ,,beg9n+4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #cia4 ,aft] ^! obs]vations & criticisms conc]n+ ! tro*aic ord] ( v]se1 ,i proce$ to say1 tro*aics consi/ ( ! foll[+ measures1 or metres3-- ,,measure ,i4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,eight ,,feet1 ,,or ,,octomet]4 ,example ,i4--,! ,rav5--,fir/ ,two out ( ,eighte5 ,/anzas4 #a4 ,once up -on a midnight dre>y1 :ile ,i pond]$1 weak & we>y1 ,ov] many a qua9t & curiou volume ( = -gott5 lore1 ,:ile ,i nodd$1 ne>ly napp+1 sudd5 -ly !re came a tapp+1 ,z ( "s "o g5tly rapp+1 rapp+ at my *amb] door4 '',tis "s visit -or1' ,i mutt]$1 'tapp+ at my *amb] door-- ,only ?is1 & no?+ m4 #b4 ,ah6 dis -t9ctly ,i re -memb] x 0 9 ! bleak ,de -cemb]1 ,& ea* separate dy+ emb] wr\ght its gho/ up -on ! floor2 ,eag] -ly ,i wi%$ ! morr[2 va9ly _h ,i tri$ to borr[ ,f my books sur -cease ( sorr[-- sorr[ = ! lo/ ,le -nore-- ,= ! r>e & radiant maid51 :om ! angels "n ,le -nore-- ,nameless "h = ev] -m4 ,,edg> ,a4 ,,poe3 ,am]ican ,review = ,febru>y1 #ahde4 ,d\ble rhymes be+ less common ?an s+le ones1 9 ! same proportion1 is ?is long v]se less frequ5tly t]m9at$ ) a full tro*ee1 ?an ) a s+le long syllable c\nt$ z a foot4 ,! species ( measure is1 h[ev]1 to be reckon$ ! same1 ?\gh catalectic4 ,by ,l9dley ,murray1 & a numb] :o implicitly re-utt] :at he tea*es1 ! v]se ( six tro*ees1 9 :i* are twelve syllables only1 is said to be ! longe/ ,tro*aic l9e t our language admits4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #beg2 ,weld's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #baa4 ,! examples produc$ "h w suffici5tly %[ ! inaccuracy ( _! ass]tion4 ,example ,,ii4--,! ,%ad[ ( ! ,obelisk4--,la/ two ,/anzas4 ,h]ds are fe$+ 9 ! ,=um1 z 9 old ,e -v&]'s "t3 ,tumbl$ f ! /eep ,t> -peian e pile t sprang sub -lime4 ,/range6 t :at seem$ mo/ 9 -con/ant %\ld ! mo/ a -bid+ prove2 ,/range6 t :at is h\rly mov+ no mu -tation c re -move3 ,ru9$ lies ! cirque6 ! *>iots1 long a -g1 h ceas$ to roll-- ,e'en ! ,obe -lisk is brok5 --b ! %ad[ /ill is :ole4 #i4 ,out a --las6 if mightie/ empires leave s little m>k be -h9d1 ,h[ mu* less mu/ h]oes hope =1 9 ! wreck ( human k9d6 ,less ?an e'en ?is d>ksome picture1 :i* ,i tread be -nea? my feet1 ,copi$ by a lifeless moonbeam on ! pebbles ( ! /reet2 ,s9ce if ,cs>'s be/ am -bition1 liv+1 01 to be re -n[n$1 ,:at %all ,cass> leave be -h9d him1 save ! %ad[ ( a s\nd8 ,t4 ,w4 ,,p>sons3 ,l[ell & ,c>t]'s ,pione]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #abj4 ,example ,,iii4--,! ,slaves ( ,m>t9ique4--,n9e ,c\plets out ( ,?irty-six4 ,beams ( noon1 l burn+ lances1 ?r\gh ! tree-tops fla% & gli/51 ,z %e /&s be -=e h] lov]1 ) rais$ face to look & li/54 ,d>k1 b comely1 l ! maid5 9 ! anci5t ,jewi% song1 ,sc>cely has ! toil ( task-fields done h] graceful beauty wrong4 ,he1 ! /rong "o1 & ! manly1 ) ! vassal's g>b & hue1 ,hold+ /ill 8 _s's bir?right1 to 8 high] nature true2 ,hid+ deep ! /r5g!n+ purpose ( a freeman 9 8 he>t1 ,z ! ,greegree holds 8 ,feti% f ! :ite man's gaze a -"p4 ,ev] =emo/ ( ! toil]s1 :5 ! driv]'s morn+ horn ,calls a -way to /ifl+ millh\se1 or to fields ( cane & corn2 ,fall ! ke5 & burn+ la%es nev] on 8 back or limb2 ,sc>ce ) look or ^w ( c5sure1 turns ! driv] unto him4 ,yet 8 br[ is always ?\ghtful1 & 8 eye is h>d & /]n2 ,slav]y's la/ & humble/ lesson he has nev] deign$ to le>n4 ,&1 at ev5+ :5 8 comrades dance be -=e _! ma/]'s door1 ,fold+ arms & knitt+ =ehead1 /&s he sil5t ev] -m4 ,god be prais$ = e in/9ct :i* re -bels a -ga9/ a lot ,:]e ! brute sur -vives ! human1 & man's upright =m is n6 --,j4 ,g4 ,,:itti]3 ,national ,era1 & o!r ,newspap]s1 ,jan4 #ahdh4 ,example ,,iv4--,! ,pres5t ,crisis--,two ,/anzas out ( sixte54 ,once to e man & nation comes ! mom5t to de -cide1 ,9 ! /rife ( ,tru? ) ,falsehood1 = ! good or evil side2 ,"s great cause1 ,god's new ,mes -siah1 (f]+ ea* ! bloom or blight1 ,p>ts ! goats up -on ! left h&1 & ! %eep up -on ! "r1 ,& ! *oice goes by = -ev] 'twixt t d>kness & t light4 ,h ye *os51 ,o my p1 on ^: p>ty ye %all /&1 ,ere ! ,doom f its worn s&als %akes ! du/ a -ga9/ our l&8 ,?\gh ! cause ( evil prosp]1 yet ! ,tru? a -lone is /rong1 ,&1 al beit %e w&] outca/ n[1 ,i see a -r\nd h] ?rong ,troops ( beauti -ful tall angels to en -%ield h] f all wrong4 ,,james ,,russell ,,l[ell3 ,lib]ator1 ,septemb] #d?1 #ahdf4 ,example ,v4--,! ,season ( ,love4--,a %ort ,extract4 ,9 ! ,spr+1 a full] crimson comes up -on ! rob9's brea/2 ,9 ! ,spr+1 ! wanton lapw+ gets him -self an o!r cre/2 ,9 ! ,spr+1 a liveli] iris *anges on ! burni%$ dove2 ,9 ! ,spr+1 a "y man's fancy lightly turns to ?\ghts ( love4 ,!n h] *eek 0 pale1 & ?9n] ?an %\ld be = "o s "y2 ,& h] eyes on all my motions1 ) a mute ob -s]vance1 hung4 ,& ,i said1 ',my c\s9 ,amy1 speak1 & speak ! tru? to me2 ,tru/ me1 c\s91 all ! curr5t ( my be+ sets to !e4' ,poems by ,,alfr$ ,,t5nyson1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ce4 ,tro*aic ( eight feet1 z ^! sundry examples w sugge/1 is mu* (t5] met ) ?an iambic ( ! same numb]2 & yet x is n a =m v frequ5tly adopt$4 ,! read] w obs]ve t x requires a consid]able pause aft] ! f\r? foot2 at :i* place "o might divide x1 & s r$uce ea* c\plet to a /anza ( f\r l9es1 simil> to ! foll[+ examples3-- ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,song1 ,,9 ,,dialogue4 ,,sylvia4 ,cor91 cease ?is idle teas+2 ,love t's =c'd is h>% & s\r2 ,if ! lov] be dis -pleas+1 ,to p] -si/ dis -gu/s ! m4 ,,cor94 ',tis 9 va91 9 va9 to fly me1 ,sylvia1 ,i w /ill pur -sue2 ,tw5ty ?\s& times de -ny me1 ,i w kneel & weep a -new4 ,,sylvia4 ,cupid ne'er %all make me langui%1 ,i 0 born a -v]se to love2 ,lov]s' sighs1 & te>s1 & angui%1 ,mir? & pa/ime to me prove4 ,,cor94 ,/ill ,i v[ ) pati5t duty ,?us to meet y\r pr\de/ scorn2 ,y = unre -l5t+ beauty ,i = con/ant love 0 born4 ,poems by ,,anna ,l,,titia ,,b>bauld1 p4 #ef4 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,*>ity ,,hymn4 #a4 ,"l ( life1 all praise ex -cell+1 ?\1 9 glory uncon -f9'd1 ,deign'/ to make ?y humble dwell+ ) ! poor ( humble m9d4 #b4 ,z ?y love1 ?r\gh all cre -ation1 beams l ?y dif -fusive light2 ,s ! scorn'd & humble /ation %r9ks be -=e ?9e equal sight4 #c4 ,?us ?y c>e1 = all pro -vid+1 w>m'd ?y fai?ful prophet's tongue2 ,:o1 ! lot ( all de -cid+1 to ?y *os5 ,israel sung3 #d4 ',:5 ?9e h>ve/ yields !e pleasure1 ?\ ! gold5 %eaf %alt b9d2 ,to ! poor be -longs ! treasure ( ! scatt]'d e>s be -h9d4' ,psalms & ,hymns ( ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur*1 ,hymn ,,lv4 ,a /ill m common =m is t :i* r$uces all ^! tetramet]s to s+le rhymes1 pres]v+ _! alt]nate succession4 ,9 su* metre & /anza1 is ,montgom]y's ,w&]] ( ,switz]l&1 a ,poem1 9 ,six ,p>ts1 & ) an aggregate ( eight hundr$ & =ty-f\r l9es4 ,example3-- #a4 ',w&]]1 :i!r w\ld/ ?\ roam8 ,to :at region f> a -way1 ,b5d ?y /eps to f9d a home1 ,9 ! twilight ( ?y day8' #b4 ',9 ! twilight ( my day1 ,i am ha/5+ to ! we/2 ,!re my we>y limbs to lay1 ,:]e ! sun re -tires to re/4 #c4 ,f> be -yond ! ,at -lantic floods1 ,/ret*$ be -nea? ! ev5+ sky1 ,realms ( m\nta9s1 d>k ) woods1 ,9 ,co -lumbia's bosom lie4 #d4 ,!re1 9 gl5s & cav]ns rude1 ,sil5t s9ce ! _w be -gan1 ,dwells ! virg9 ,soli -tude1 ,unbe -tray$ by fai?less man3 #e4 ,:]e a tyrant nev] trod1 ,:]e a slave 0 nev] kn[n1 ,b :]e nature wor%ips ,god ,9 ! wild] -ness a -lone4 #f4 ,?i!r1 ?i!r w\ld ,i roam2 ,!re my *ildr5 may be free2 ,i = !m w f9d a home2 ,!y %all f9d a grave = me4' ,fir/ six /anzas ( ,"p ,,vi1 pp4 #ga & #gb4 ,,measure ,,ii4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,sev5 ,,feet1 ,,or ,,heptamet]4 ,example4--,psalm ,,lxx1#eaj ,v]sifi$4 ,ha/51 ,"l1 to rescue me1 & set me safe f tr\ble2 ,%ame ?\ ^? :o seek my s\l1 re -w>d _! mis*ief d\ble4 ,turn ! taunt+ scorn]s back1 :o cry1 ',a -ha6' s l\dly2 ,backw>d 9 con -fusion hurl ! foe t mocks me pr\dly4 ,!n 9 !e let ^? re -joice1 :o seek !e1 self-de -ny+2 ,all :o ?y sal -vation love1 ?y "n be glory -fy+4 ,s let ,god be magni -fi$4 ,b ,i am poor & ne$y3 ,ha/51 ,"l1 :o art my ,help]2 let ?9e aid be spe$y4 ,?is v]se1 l all o!r t is writt5 9 v long l9es1 requires a csural pause ( proportionate l5g?2 & x w\ld sc>cely diff] at all to ! e>1 if x 7 cut 9 two at ! place ( ?is pause--provid$ ! place 7 nev] v>i$4 ,su* metre does n appe> to h be5 at any "t mu* us$1 ?\gh !re seems to be no positive reason :y x might n h a %>e ( popul>ity4 ,to comm5d our v]sification = its b\ndless v>iety1 & at ! same "t exclude f x =ms ei!r unobjectionable or well au?oriz$1 z "s h done1 is pla9ly inconsi/5t4 ,full tro*aics h "s inconv5i5ce1 because all _! rhymes mu/ be d\ble2 &1 z ?is inconv5i5ce becomes twice z mu* :5 any long l9e ( ?is sort is r$uc$ to two %ort ones1 !re may be a reason :y a /anza precisely correspond+ to ! =ego+ c\plets is seldom se54 ,if su* l9es be divid$ & rhym$ at ! middle ( ! f\r? foot1 :]e ! csural pause is apt to fall1 ! fir/ "p ( ea* w be a tro*aic l9e ( f\r feet1 s+le-rhym$ & catalectic1 :ile ! re/ ( x w become an iambic l9e ( ?ree feet1 ) d\ble rhyme & hyp]met]4 ,su* are ! prosodial *>act]i/ics ( ! foll[+ l9es2 :i*1 if two 7 writt5 z "o1 w\ld make exactly our full tro*aic ( sev5 feet1 ! metre exhibit$ above3-- ,:isp'r+1 he>d by wakeful maids1 ,to :om ! night />s guide u1 ,/ol5 walk1 ?r\gh moonlight %ades1 ,) ^? we love beside u--,moore's ,melodies1 p4 #bgf4 ,b tro*aic ( sev5 feet may also t]m9ate ) s+le rhyme1 z 9 ! foll[+ c\plet1 :i* is giv5 anonym\sly1 &1 aft] a false cu/om1 errone\sly1 9 ,n4 ,butl]'s rec5t ,gramm>1 z tro*aic ( six feet1 ) an additional long syllable3-- ,night & morn+ 7 at meet+ ov] ,wat] -loo2 ,cocks _h sung _! e>lie/ greet+2 fa9t & l[ !y crew4 #eaa ,9 ,frazee's ,gramm>1 a sep>ate l9e or two1 simil> 9 metre to ^!1 & rightly reckon$ to h sev5 feet1 & _m l9es1 7includ+ ^? above f ,t5nyson1 :i* ,w4 ,c4 ,f[l] errone\sly gives = ,heptamet]17 be+ a foot long]1 are pres5t$ z tro*aics ( eight feet2 b ,ev]ett1 ! sure/ ( our prosodi/s1 rema9+1 l mo/ o!rs1 a total /rang] to our octomet]s1 & too little acqua9t$ ) tro*aic heptamet]s to believe ! species g5u9e1 on f9d+ a c\ple ( /anzas 9 :i* two su* l9es are set ) %ort] ones ( diff]5t sorts1 & ) "s :i* are defective 9 metre1 sagely concludes t all l9es ( m ?an six tro*ees mu/ necess>ily be condemn$ z prosodial anomalies4 ,x may be wor? :ile to repeat ! said /anzas "h1 add+ su* corrections & m>ks z may sugge/ _! prop] =m & scansion4 ,b s9ce !y comm5ce ) ! %ort] metre ( six tro*ees only1 & are already plac$ "u t head1 ,i too may take !m 9 ! l connexion1 by n[ introduc+ my ?ird species ( tro*aics1 :i* is ,ev]ett's t5?4 ,,measure ,,iii4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,six ,,feet1 ,,or ,,hexamet]4 ,example4--,heal?4 ,up ! dewy m\nta91 ,heal? is b\nd+ lightly2 ,on h] br[s a g>l&1 tw9'd ) ri*e/ posies3 ,gay is %e1 e -late ) hope1 & smil+ sprigh?ly2 ,r$d] is h] *eek1 & sweet] ?an ! rose is4 ,g4 ,,br[n3 ,! ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #beh4 ,?is metre appe>s to be no less r>e ?an ! prec$+2 ?\gh1 z 9 t case1 ,i "k no good reason :y x may n be br\ght into vogue4 ,pr(essor ,john ,s4 ,h>t says ( x3 ,?is is ! longe/ ,tro*aic v]se t seems to h be5 cultivat$4--,h>t's ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #ahg4 ,! seem+ ( its cultivation he d\btless f\nd only 9 sundry mod]n gramm>s4 ,johnson1 ,bicknell1 ,burn1 ,co>1 ,w>d1 ,adam1--old gramm>ians1 :o va9ly pr(ess to h illu/rat$ e species ( ,engli% v]se1--make no m5tion ( x2 &1 ) all ! gramm>ians :o notice x1 "o anonym\s c\plet1 pass+ f h& to h&1 has ev]y:]e s]v$ to exemplify x4 ,( ?is1 ! l9e ( six ,tro*ees1 ,ev]ett says3 ,?is measure is langui%+1 & r>ely us$4 ,! foll[+ example is (t5 cit$3 ',on a m\nta91 /ret*$ be -nea? a ho>y will[1 ,lay a %eph]d swa91 & view'd ! roll+ bill[4'#eab ,aga93 ,we h ! foll[+ f ,,bi%op ,,heb]3-- ',holy1 holy holy6 all ?e sa9ts a -dore ?ee1 ,ca/+ down ?eir golden crowns a -round ?e glassy sea2 ,*eru -bim & sera -phim are1 fall+ down be -fore ?ee1 ,:i* wert1 & art1 & ev -ermore %alt be6 ,holy1 holy1 holy6 ?\gh ! d>kness hide !e1 ,?\gh ! eye ( s9ful man ?y glory may n see1 ,only ?\1 ,o ,god1 art holy2 !re is none be -side !e1 ,perfect 9 pow'r1 9 love1 & pu -rxy4' ,only ! fir/ & ! ?ird l9es ( ^! /anzas are to our purpose1 rem>ks ! prosodi/4 ,t is1 only ^! he conceiv$ to be l9es ( six ,tro*ees4 ,b x is pla91 t ! ?ird l9e ( ! fir/ /anza1 hav+ sev5 long syllables1 mu/ h sev5 feet1 & _c be a tro*aic hexamet]2 &1 s9ce ! ?ird bel[ %\ld be l x 9 metre1 "o c h>dly =be> to ?9k ! words :i* ,i h ins]t$ 9 brackets1 7 accid5tally omitt$4 ,fur!r3 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k1 says he1 t ! second l9e ( ea* ( ^! /anzas is compos$ ( six ,tro*ees & an additional long syllable4 ,z its correspond+ l9e is an ,iambic1 & z ! piece has "s lic5ses 9 its con/ruction1 x is f> saf] to conclude t ?is l9e is an anomaly ?an t x =ms a di/9ct species ( v]se4 ,we mu/ !re=e conclude t ! t5? ! metre ( six tro*ees is ! longe/ species ( ,tro*aic l9e kn[n to ,engli% v]se4--,ev]ett's ,v]sification1 pp4 #ie & #if4 ,?is1 9 view ( ! examples above1 ( our long] tro*aics1 may s]ve z a comm5t on ! au?or's boa/1 t1 hav+ d$uc$ 8 rules f ! usage ( ! great poets1 he has ! be/ reason = be+ confid5t ( _! correctness4--,ibid41 ,pref41 p4 #e4 ,tro*aic hexamet]1 too1 may easily be writt5 ) s+le rhyme2 p]haps m easily ?an a specim5 suit$ to ! purpose c be cit$ f any ?+ already writt54 ,let me try3-- ,example ,i4--,! ,sorc]]4 ,lonely 9 ! =e/1 subtle f 8 bir?1 ,liv$ a necro -manc]1 wondr\s son ( e>?4 ,m ( him 9 -quire n1 ?an ,i *oose to say2 ,nymph or dryad bore him-- else 'twas wit* or fay2 ,ask y :o 8 fa!r8-- haply he might be ,wood-god1 satyr1 sylvan2 --su* 8 p$i -gree4 ,re>$ mid fauns & fairies1 knew he no com -pe]s2 ,nei!r c>$ he = !m1 sav+ gho/ly se]s4 ,mi/ress ( ! black-art1 wiz>d gaunt & grim1 ,nightly on ! hill-top1 read ! />s to him4 ,^! 7 welcome tea*]s2 drank he 9 _! lore2 ,wit*craft s en -tic$ him1 /ill to ?ir/ = m4 ,spectres he w\ld play )1 phantoms raise or quell2 ,gnomes f e>?'s deep c5tre knew 8 pot5t spell4 ,augur or a -ruspex _h n half 8 art2 ,ma/] deep ( magic1 spirits play$ 8 "p2 ,demons1 imps 9 -f]nal1 conjur$ f be -l[1 ,%ap$ 8 gr& en -*antm5ts ) im -pos+ %[4 ,example ,,ii4--,an ,example ( ,h>t's1 ,correct$ ,:]e ! wood is wav+1 %ady1 gre51 & high1 ,fauns & dryads1 nightly1 wat* ! />ry sky4 ,see ,h>t's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ahg2 or ! citation !nce bel[4 ,a c\plet ( ?is sort might easily be r$uc$ to a pleasant little /anza1 by sev]+ ea* l9e aft] ! ?ird foot1 ?us3-- ,he>k56 he>k56 he> ye2 ,voices meet my e>4 ,li/51 nev] fe> ye2 ,fri5ds--or foes--are ne>4 ,fri5ds6 ,s -ho6 !y're %\t+4-- ,ho6 s -ho1 a -hoy6-- ',tis no ,indian1 sc\t+4 ,cry1 s -ho6 ) joy4 ,b a simil> succession ( elev5 syllables1 six long & five %ort1 divid$ aft] ! sev5?1 leav+ two iambs to =m ! second or %ort] l9e1--7s9ce su* a division produces diff]5t ord]s & metres bo?1--7 w1 ,i ?9k1 reta9 b little resemblance 9 rhy?m to ! =ego+1 ?\gh ! actual sequ5ce ( quantities long & %ort is ! same4 ,if ?is be s1 ! p>ticul> measure or correspond5t l5g? ( l9es is m ess5tial to ! "* ( a poetic /ra9 ?an "s h suppos$4 ,! fir/ f\r l9es ( ! foll[+ extract are an example relevant to ?is po9t3-- ,ariel's ,song4 ,come un -to ?ese yellow s&s1 ,& ?en take h&s3 ,c\rt'si$ :5 y h & kiss'd1 7,! wild waves :i/17 ,foot x featly "h & !re2 ,&1 sweet sprites1 ! burd5 be>4 ,,s+]',s ,,%akspe>e3 ,tempe/1 ,act i1 ,sc4 #b4 ,,measure ,,iv4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,five ,,feet1 ,,or ,,p5tamet] ,example ,i4--,d\ble ,rhymes & ,s+le1 ,alt]nat$4 ,m\nta9 w9ds6 oh6 :i!r d ye call me8 ,va9ly1 va9ly1 w\ld my /eps pur -sue3 ,*a9s ( c>e to l[] e>? en -?rall me1 ,:]e=e ?us my we>y _s woo8 ,oh6 ! /rife ( ?is di -vid$ be+6 ,is !re peace :]e ye are borne1 on high8 ,c\ld we so> to y\r pr\d eyries flee+1 ,9 our he>ts1 w\ld haunt+ memories die8 ,,felicia ,,hemans3 ,to ! ,m\nta9 ,w9ds3 ,ev]et's ,v]sif41 p4 #ie4 ,example ,,ii--,rhymes ,o!rwise ,arrang$4 ,!n1 me -?\ght1 ,i he>d a holl[ s\nd1 ,ga?er+ up f all ! l[] gr\nd3 ,narrow+ 9 to :]e !y sat z -sembl$1 ,l[ vo -luptuou music1 w9d+1 trembl$4 ,,alfr$ ,,t5nyson3 ,frazee's ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ahd2 ,f[l]'s1 #feg4 ,?is measure1 :e!r ) ! f9al %ort syllable or )\t x1 is said1 by ,murray1 ,ev]ett1 & o!rs1 to be v uncommon4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 & ! o!r old prosodi/s nam$ ) him above1 knew no?+ ( x4 ,two c\plets1 exemplify+ x1 n[ to be f\nd 9 sundry gramm>s1 & errone\sly reckon$ to diff] z to ! numb] ( _! feet1 7 ei!r select$ or compos$ by ,murray1 = 8 ,gramm>1 at its orig9--or1 if n !n1 at its fir/ repr9t1 9 #agif4 ,!y are ^!3-- 7#a47 ,all t walk on foot or ride 9 *>iots1 ,all t dwell 9 pala -ces or g>rets4 ,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #abmo1 #age2 #hvo1 #beg2 ,*&l]'s1 #aif2 ,*ur*ill's1 #ahg2 ,hiley's1 #abf2 et al4 7#b47 ,idle aft] d9n]1 9 8 *air1 ,sat a f>m]1 ruddy1 fat1 & fair4 ,murray1 same places2 ,n4 ,butl]'s ,gr41 p4 #aic2 ,hallock's1 #bdd2 ,h>t's1 #ahg2 ,weld's1 #baa2 et al4 ,ri*>d ,hiley mo/ absurdly scans ?is la/ c\plet1 & all v]se l x1 into ! ,h]oic measure1 or a =m ( our iambic p5tamet]2 say+1 ,sometimes a syllable is cut (f f ! fir/ foot2 z1 ,i -dle af -ter dinn -ner 9 his *air 1 ,sat a far -mer 1 rud -d1 fat1 & fair4 ,hiley's ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,?ird ,edition1 p4 #abe4 ,j4 ,s4 ,h>t1 :o1 l _m o!rs1 has mi/ak5 ! metre ( ?is la/ example = ,tro*aic ,tetramet]1 ) a surplus syllable1 aft] repeat+ ! curr5t ?\gh r que/ionable ass]tion1 t1 ?is measure is v uncommon1 proce$s ) our ,tro*aic ,p5tamet]1 ?us3 ,?is species is likewise uncommon4 ,x is compos$ ( five tro*ees2 z1 ,9 ?e dark & gre5 & gloomy valley1 ,satyrs by ?e brooklet love to dally4 ,& aga93 ,fi/ ,! ,,same ) an ,,additional acc5t$ syllable2 z1 ,:ere ?e wood is wav+ gre5 & high1 ,fauns & ,dryads wat* ?e /arry sky4 ,h>t's ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,fir/ ,edition1 p4 #ahg4 ,^! examples appe> to h be5 made = ! occasion2 & ! latt]1 toge!r ) its introduction1 made unskillfully4 ,! l9es are ( five feet1 & s are ^? ab\t ! ruddy f>m]2 b !re is no?+ additional 9 ei!r case2 =1 z p5tamet]1 !y are all catalectic1 ! f9al %ort syllable be+ disp5s$ )1 & a csura pref]r$1 = ! sake ( s+le rhyme1 o!rwise n atta9able4 ,five tro*ees & a rhym+ syllable w make tro*aic hexamet]1 a measure p]haps m pleasant ?an ?is4 ,see examples above4 ,,measure ,v4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,f\r ,,feet1 ,,or ,,tetramet]4 ,example ,i4--,a ,m\rnful ,song4 #a4 ,rav+ w9ds a -r\nd h] bl[+1 ,yell[ leaves ! woodl&s /rew+1 ,by a riv] ho>sely ro>+1 ,isa -bella /ray$ de -plor+4 ',f>ewell h\rs t late did measure ,sun%9e days ( joy & pleasure2 ,hail1 ?\ gloomy night ( sorr[1 ,*e]less night t kn[s no morr[4 #b4 ,o'er ! pa/ too fondly w&]+1 ,on ! hopeless future pond]+1 ,*illy grief my life-blood freezes1 ,fell de -spair my fancy seizes4 ,life1 ?\ s\l ( e bless+1 ,load to mis]y mo/ dis -tress+1 ,o h[ gladly ,i'd re -sign !e1 ,& to d>k ob -livion jo9 !e4' ,,rob]t ,,burns3 ,select ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aca ,example ,,ii4--,a ,song ,petition>y4 ,p[]s ce -le/ial1 ^: pro -tection ,ev] gu>ds ! virtu\s fair1 ,:ile 9 di/ant climes ,i w&]1 ,let my ,m>y be y\r c>e3 ,let h] =m s fair & faultless1 ,fair & faultless z y\r own2 ,let my ,m>y's k9dr$ _s ,draw y\r *oice/ influ5ce d[n4 ,make ! gales y waft a -r\nd h] ,s(t & peaceful z h] brea/2 ,brea?+ 9 ! breeze t fans h]1 ,soo! h] bosom into re/3 ,gu>dian angels1 ,o pro -tect h]1 ,:5 9 di/ant l&s ,i roam2 ,to realms unkn[n :ile fate exiles me1 ,make h] bosom /ill my home4 ,,burns',s ,,songs1 ,same ,volume1 p4 #afe4 ,example ,,iii4--,song ( ,juno & ,c]es4 ,ju4 ,hon\r1 ri*es1 m>riage -bless+1 ,long con -t9uance1 & 9 -creas+1 ,h\rly joys be /ill up -on y6 ,juno s+s h] bless+s on y4 ,c]4 ,e>?'s 9 -crease1 & foison pl5ty2 ,b>ns & g>n]s nev] empty2 ,v9es ) clu/'r+ bun*es gr[+2 ,plants ) goodly burd5 b[+2 ,spr+ come to y1 at ! f>!/1 ,9 ! v end ( h>ve/6 ,sc>ci -ty & want %all %un y2 ,c]es' bless+ s is on y4 ,,%akspe>e3 ,tempe/1 ,act iv1 ,sc4 #a4 ,example ,,iv4--,on ! ,v[els4 ,we are little airy creatures1 ,all ( diff'r5t voice & features2 ,"o ( u 9 glass is set1 ,"o ( u y'll f9d 9 jet2 ,t'o!r y may see 9 t91 ,& ! f\r? a box ) -92 ,if ! fif? y %\ld pur -sue1 ,x c nev] fly f y4 ,,swift3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #cdc4 ,example ,v4--,use ,"t = ,good4 ,life is %ort1 & "t is swift2 ,roses fade1 & %ad[s %ift2 ,b ! ocean & ! riv] ,rise & fall & fl[ = ev]2 ,b>d6 n va9ly heaves ! ocean2 ,b>d6 n va9ly fl[s ! riv]2 ,be ?y song1 !n1 l _! motion1 ,bless+ n[1 & bless+ ev]4 ,,eb5ez] ,,elliot3 ,f a ,newspap]4 ,example ,,iv4sic = ,,vi--,,k?--,! ,turki% ,lady--,fir/ ,f\r ,/anzas4 #a4 ',twas ! h\r :5 rites un -holy ,call$ ea* ,paynim voice to pray'r1 ,& ! /> t fad$ sl[ly1 ,left to dews ! fre%5$ air4 #b4 ,day h] sultry fires _h wa/$1 ,calm & sweet ! moonlight rose2 ,e'en a captive's _s ta/$ ,half ob -livion ( 8 woes4 #c4 ,!n 'twas f an ,emir's palace ,came an ea/]n lady bright2 ,%e1 9 spite ( tyrants jeal\s1 ,saw & lov$ an ,engli% knight4 #d4 ',tell me1 captive1 :y 9 angui% ,foes h dragg$ !e "h to dwell ,:]e poor ,*ri/ians1 z !y langui%4 ,he> no s\nd ( sabba? bell8' ,,?omas ,,campbell3 ,poetical ,works1 p4 #aae4 ,example ,,vii4--,! ,palm]'s ,morn+ ,hymn4 ,laud$ be ?y "n = ev]1 ,?\1 ( life ! gu>d & giv]6 ,?\ can/ gu>d ?y creatures sleep+1 ,heal ! he>t long broke ) weep+1 ,rule ! ouphes & elves at will ,?at vex ?e air or haunt ?e hill1 ,& all ?e fu -ry sub -ject keep ,( boil -+ cloud & *af -ed deep6 ,i have se51 & well ,i know x6 ,?\ ha/ done1 & ,?\ wilt d x6 ,god ( /illness & ( motion6 ,( ! ra9b[ & ! ocean6 ,( ! m\nta91 rock1 & riv]6 ,bless$ be ,?y "n = ev]6 ,i h se5 ?y wondr\s might ,?r\gh ! %ad[s ( ?is night6 ,?\1 :o slumb]'/ n1 nor sleepe/6 ,ble/ are !y ?\ k9dly keepe/6 ,spirits1 f ! ocean "u1 ,liquid flame1 & levell'd ?und]1 ,ne$ n wak5 nor a -l>m !m-- ,all com -b9$1 !y _c h>m !m4 ,god ( ev5+'s yell[ ray1 ,god ( yond] dawn+ day1 ,?9e ! flam+ sph]e ( light6 ,?9e ! d>kness ( ! night6 ,?9e are all ! gems ( ev51 ,god ( angels6 ,god ( heav56 ,,james ,,hogg3 ,mador ( ! ,moor1 ,poems1 p4 #bjf4 ,example ,,viii--,a ,%ort ,song1 ( ,two ,/anzas4 ,/ay1 my *>m]1 c y leave me8 ,cruel1 cruel1 to de -ceive me6 ,well y "k h[ mu* y grieve me3 ,cruel *>m]1 c y g8 ,cruel *>m]1 c y g8 ,by my love1 s ill re -quit$2 ,by ! fai? y fondly plight$2 ,by ! pangs ( lov]s slight$2 ,d n1 d n leave me s6 ,d n1 d n leave me s6 ,,rob]t ,,burns3 ,select ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #abi4 ,example ,,ix4--,l+]+ ,c\rt%ip4 #a4 ,nev] w$d+1 ev] woo+1 ,/ill lovelorn he>t pur -su+1 ,read y n ! wrong y're do+1 ,9 my *eek's pale hue8 ,all my life ) sorr[ /rew+1 ,w$1 or cease to woo4 #b4 ,rivals bani%'d1 bosoms plight$1 ,/ill our days are disu -nit$2 ,n[ ! lamp ( hope is light$1 ,n[ half qu5*'d ap -pe>s1 ,damp'd1 & wav]+1 & be -night$1 ,mid/ my sighs & te>s4 #c4 ,*>ms y call y\r de>e/ bless+1 ,lips t ?rill at y\r ca -ress+1 ,eyes a mutual s\l con -fess+1 ,soon y'll make !m gr[ ,dim1 & wor?less y\r pos -sess+1 ,n ) age1 b woe6 ,,campbell3 ,ev]ett's ,sy/em ( ,v]sification1 p4 #ia4 ,example ,x4--,boadicea--,f\r ,/anzas f ,elev54 #a4 ,:5 ! ,briti% w>rior que51 ,ble$+ f ! ,roman rods1 ,s\ght1 ) an 9 -dignant mi51 ,c\nsel ( h] c\ntry's gods1 #b4 ,sage be -nea? ! spread+ oak1 ,sat ! ,druid1 ho>y *ief2 ,e burn+ ^w he spoke ,full ( rage1 & full ( grief4 #c4 ,pr9cess6 if our ag$ eyes ,weep up -on ?y mat*less wrongs1 ',tis be -cause re -s5tm5t ties ,all ! t]rors ( our tongues4 #d4 ,,rome ,,%all ,,p]i%-- write t ^w ,9 ! blood t %e ha? spilt2 ,p]i%1 hopeless & ab -horr'd1 ,deep 9 ru9 z 9 guilt4 ,,william ,,c[p]3 ,poems1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bdd4 ,example ,,xi--,! ,?und] ,/orm--,two ,/anzas f ,t54 ,n[ 9 deep & dreadful gloom1 ,cl\ds on cl\ds por -t5t\s spread1 ,black z if ! day ( doom ,hung o'er ,nature's %r9k+ head3 ,lo6 ! lightn+ breaks f high1 ,god is com+6 --,god is nigh6 ,he> ye n 8 *>iot :eels1 ,z ! mighty ?und] rolls8 ,nature1 />tl$ ,nature reels1 ,f ! c5tre to ! poles3 ,tremble6 --,ocean1 ,e>?1 & ,sky6 ,tremble6 --,god is pass+ by6 ,j4 ,,montgom]y3 ,w&]] ( ,switz]l&1 & o!r ,poems1 p4 #acj4 ,example ,,xii4--,! ,triumphs ( ,ow51 ,k+ ( ,nor? ,wales4#eac ,ow5's praise de -m&s my song1 ,ow5 swift & ,ow5 /rong2 ,faire/ fl['r ( ,rod]ick's /em1 ,gwyne?'s %ield1 & ,brita9's gem4 ,he nor heaps 8 brood$ /ores1 ,nor ! :ole pro -fusely p\rs2 ,"l ( e regal art1 ,lib]al h& & op5 he>t4 ,big ) ho/s ( mighty "n1 ,squadrons ?ree a -ga9/ him came2 ,?is ! =ce ( ,eir9 hid+1 ,side by side z pr\dly rid+1 ,on h] %ad[ long & gay1 ,lo*l9 pl\ghs ! wat]y way3 ,!re ! ,norman sails a -f> ,cat* ! w9ds1 & jo9 ! w>2 ,black & huge1 a -long !y sweep1 ,bur!ns ( ! angry deep4 ,dauntless on 8 native s&s1 ,! ,drag -on-son ( ,mo -na /&s2#ead ,9 glit -t]+ arms & glo -ry dre/1 ,high he re>s 8 ruby cre/4 ,!re ! ?und]+ /roke be -g91 ,!re ! press1 & !re ! d92 ,taly -malfra's rocky %ore ,e*o+ to ! battle's ro>2 ,:]e 8 gl[+ eyeballs turn1 ,?\s& bann]s r\nd him burn4 ,:]e he po9ts 8 purple spe>1 ,ha/y1 ha/y r\t is !re1 ,m>k+ ) 9 -dignant eye ,fe> to /op1 & %ame to fly4 ,!re ,con -fusion1 ,t]ror's *ild1 ,conflict fi]ce1 & ,ru9 wild1 ,ago -ny1 t pants = brea?1 ,despair1 & ,,hon -,,oura -,,ble ,,dea?4 ,,?omas ,,gray3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #bhe4 ,example ,,xiii4--,grong> ,hill4--,fir/ ,tw5ty-six ,l9es4 ,sil5t ,nymph1 ) curi\s eye1 ,:o1 ! purple eve1 do/ lie ,on ! m\nta9's lonely van1 ,beyond ! noise ( bus -y man2 ,pa9t+ fair ! =m ( ?+s1 ,:ile ! yell[ l9net s+s2 ,or ! tuneful night9 -gale ,*>ms ! =e/ ) h] tale2 ,come1 ) all ?y v>i\s hues1 ,come1 & aid ?y si/] ,muse4 ,n[1 :ile ,phoebus1 rid+ high1 ,gives lus -tre to ! l& & sky1 ,grong> ,hill 9 -vites my song2 ,draw ! l&scape bright & /rong2 ,grong>1 9 ^: mossy cells1 ,sweetly -mus+ ,quiet dwells2 ,grong>1 9 ^: sil5t %ade1 ,= ! mode/ ,muses made1 ,s (t ,i h1 ! eve -n+ /ill1 ,at ! f\nta9 ( a rill1 ,sat up -on a fl[]y b$1 ,) my h& be -nea? my head1 ,:ile /ray'd my eyes o'er ,t[ -y's flood1 ,ov] mead & ov] wood1 ,f h\se to h\se1 f hill to hill1 ,till ,con -templa -tion _h h] fill4 ,,john ,,dy]3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #fe4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,?is is ! mo/ common ( our tro*aic measures2 & x seems to be equally popul>1 :e!r writt5 ) s+le rhyme1 or ) d\ble2 9 /anzas1 or 9 c\plets2 alone1 or ) "s int5tional int]mixture4 ,by a c>eful *oice ( words & /yle1 x may be adapt$ to all sorts ( subjects1 grave1 or gay2 qua9t1 or pa!tic2 z may ! correspond+ iambic metre1 ) :i* x is (t5 m or less m+l$1 z we see 9 "s ( ! examples above4 ,milton's ,l',allegro1 or ,gay ,mood1 has "o hundr$ & fifty-two l9es2 n9ety-eight ( :i* are iambics2 fifty-f\r tro*aic tetramet]s2 a v few ( ea* ord] hav+ d\ble rhymes4 ,^! ord]s ! poet has n--v +5i\sly alt]nat$ z ,ev]ett av]s2 b has simply int]sp]s$1 or comm+l$1 ) little or no reg>d to alt]nation4 ,8 ,il ,p5s]oso1 or ,grave ,mood1 has tw5ty-sev5 tro*aic tetramet]s1 mix$ irregul>ly ) "o hundr$ & =ty-n9e iambics4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,ev]ett1 :o divides our tro*aic tetramet]s into two species ( metre1 imag9es t ! catalectic =m1 or t :i* is s+le-rhym$1 has a solemn effect1--imp>ts to all pieces m dignity ?an any ( ! o!r %ort measures1--t no trivial or humor\s subject %\ld be treat$ 9 ?is measure1--& t1 besides dignity1 x imp>ts an air ( sadness to ! subject4--,engli% ,v]ses41 p4 #hg4 ,our l9e ( f\r tro*ees he supposes to be difficult ( con/ruction1--n ( v frequ5t occurr5ce1--! mo/ agreeable ( all ! tro*aic measures1--rem>kably well adapt$ to lively subjects1--& peculi>ly expressive ( ! eag]ness & fickl5ess ( ! passion ( love4--,ib41 p4 #ij4 ,^! pret5d$ metrical *>act]i/ics seem sc>cely m wor?y ( reliance1 ?an a/rological pr$ictions1 or ! oracul> guess+s ( our mod]n craniologi/s4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,dr4 ,campbell repeats a sugge/ion ( ! old] critics1 t gayety belongs naturally to all tro*aics1 z su*1 & gravity or gr&eur1 z naturally1 to iambics2 & he attempts to f9d a reason = ! fact2 :ile1 p]haps1 ev5 "h--m plausible ?\gh ! supposition is--! fact may be at lea/ half imag9>y4 ,! iambus1 says he1 is expressive ( dignity & gr&eur2 ! tro*ee1 on ! contr>y1 accord+ to ,ari/otle1 7,rhet4 ,lib4 ,ill17 is frolicsome & gay4 ,x 7 difficult to assign a reason ( ?is diff]5ce t w\ld be satisfactory2 b ( ! ?+ itself1 ,i imag9e1 mo/ p w be s5sible on comp>+ ! two k9ds toge!r4 ,i "k n :e!r x w be admitt$ z a suffici5t reason1 t ! di/9ction into metrical feet ha? a mu* great] influ5ce 9 poetry on ! rise & fall ( ! voice1 ?an ! di/9ction into words2 & if s1 :5 ! cad5ces happ5 mo/ly aft] ! long syllables1 ! v]se w naturally h an air ( great] gravity ?an :5 !y happ5 mo/ly aft] ! %ort4--,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #ced4 ,,measure ,,vi4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,?ree ,,feet1 ,,or ,,trimet]4 ,example ,i4--,y\? & ,age ,contra/$4 ,crabb$ age & y\? ,_c live to -ge!r2 ,y\? is full ( pleasance1 ,age is full ( c>e3 ,y\?1 l summ] morn1 ,age1 l w9t] wea!r2 ,y\?1 l summ]1 brave2 ,age1 l w9t]1 b>e4 ,y\? is full ( sport1 ,age's brea? is %ort1 ,y\? is nimble1 age is lame2 ,y\? is hot & bold1 ,age is weak & cold2 ,y\? is wild1 & age is tame4 ,! ,passionate ,pilgrim2 ,,s+]',s ,,%akspe>e1 ,vol4 ii p4 #eid4 ,example ,,ii--,common ,s5se & ,g5ius4 #c4 ,:ile ,i t\* ! /r+1 ,wrea! my br[s ) laurel2 ,= ! tale ,i s+1 ,has1 = once1 a moral6 #d4 ,common ,s5se w5t on1 ,_m wise ?+s say+2 ,:ile ! light t %one1 ,soon set ,g5ius /ray+4 #e4 ,"o 8 eye ne'er rais'd ,f ! pa? be -=e him2 ,t' o!r idly gaz'd ,on ea* night-cl\d o'er him4 #f4 ,:ile ,i t\* ! /r+1 ,wrea! my br[s ) laurel2 ,= ! tale ,i s+1 ,has1 = once1 a moral6 #g4 ,s !y came1 at la/1 ,to a %ady riv]2 ,common ,s5se soon pass'd ,safe1--z he do? ev]4 #h4 ,:ile ! boy ^: look ,0 9 heav'n t m9ute1 ,nev] saw ! brook1-- ,b tum -bl$ head -long 9 x4 ,six ,/anzas f ,twelve4--,,moore',s ,,melodies1 p4 #bga4 ,?is %ort measure is mu* (t5] us$ 9 /anzas1 ?an 9 c\plets4 ,x is1 9 _m in/ances1 comb9$ ) "s diff]5t ord] or metre ( v]se1 z 9 ! foll[+3-- ,example ,,iii4--,"p ( a ,song4 ,g :]e glory waits !e1 ,b :ile fame e -lates !e1 ,oh6 /ill remem -b] me4 ,:5 ! praise ?\ meete/1 ,to ?9e e> is sweete/1 ,oh6 !n remem -b] me4 ,o!r arms may press !e1 ,de>] fri5ds ca -ress !e1 ,all ! joys t bless !e1 ,sweet] f> may be3 ,b :5 fri5ds are ne>e/1 ,& :5 joys are de>e/1 ,oh6 !n remem -b] me4 ,:51 at eve1 ?\ rove/1 ,by ! /> ?\ love/1 ,oh6 !n remem -b] me4 ,?9k :5 home re -turn+1 ,bright we've se5 x burn+2 ,oh6 ?us remem -b] me4 ,(t z summ] closes1 ,:5 ?9e eye re -poses ,on its l+'r+ roses1 ,once s lov$ by !e1 ,?9k ( h] :o wove !m1 ,h] :o made !e love !m2 ,oh6 !n remem -b] me4 ,,moore',s ,melodies1 ,songs1 & ,airs1 p4 #ajg4 ,example ,,iv4--,f an ,ode to ! ,?ames4 ,on ?y %ady m>g91 ,c>e its load dis -*>g+1 ,is lull'd to g5 -tle re/3 ,brita9 ?us dis -arm+1 ,no?+ h] a -l>m+1 ,%all sleep on ,c -s>'s brea/4 ,see ,,r[e',s ,,poems3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 iv1 p4 #eh4 ,example ,v4--,! ,true ,poet--,fir/ ,two ( ,n9e ,/anzas4 #a4 ,poet ( ! he>t1 ,delv+ 9 its m9e1 ,f man -k9d a -"p1 ,yet :]e jewels %9e2 ,heav+ upw>d to ! light1 ,preci\s weal? t *>ms ! sight2 #b4 ,toil ?\ /ill1 deep d[n1 ,= e>?'s hidd5 gems2 ,!y %all deck a cr[n1 ,blaze 9 dia -dems2 ,& :5 ?y h& %all fall to re/1 ,brightly jewel beauty's brea/4 ,,jane ,b4 ,,locke3 ,n4 ,y4 ,ev5+ ,po/2 ,! ,exam9]1 ,no4 #ih4 ,example ,,vi4--,summ] ,long+s--,fir/ ,two ( ,five ,/anzas4 ,ah6 my he>t is ev] wait+1 ,wait+ = ! ,may1-- ,wait+ = ! pleasant rambles ,:]e ! fragrant haw?orn brambles1 ,) ! woodb9e alt] -nat+1 ,sc5t ! dewy way4 ,ah6 my he>t is we>y wait+1 ,wait+ = ! ,may4 ,ah6 my he>t is sick ) long+1 ,long+ = ! ,may1-- ,long+ to e -scape f /udy1 ,to ! "y face fair & ruddy1 ,& ! ?\s& *>ms be -long+ ,to ! ,summ]'s day4 ,ah6 my he>t is sick ) long+1 ,long+ = ! ,may4 ,d4 ,f4 ,m4 ,c43 ,dubl9 ,univ]sity ,magaz9e2 ,lib]ator1 ,no4 #ieb4 ,,measure ,,vii4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,two ,,feet1 ,,or ,,dimet]4 ,example ,i4--,?ree ,%ort ,exc]pts4 #a4 ,my flocks fe$ n1 ,my ewes bre$ n1 ,my rams spe$ n1 ,all is amiss3 ,love's de -ny+1 ,fai?'s de -fy+1 ,he>t's re -ny+1 ,caus] ( ?is4 #b4 ,9 black m\rn ,i1 ,all fe>s scorn ,i1 ,love ha? lorn me1 ,liv+ 9 ?rall3 ,he>t is ble$+1 ,all help ne$+4 7,cruel spe$+17 ,fraught$ ) gall4 #c4 ,cle> wells spr+ n4 ,sweet birds s+ n1 ,l\d bells r+ n ,*e]fully2 ,h]ds /& weep+1 ,flocks all sleep+1 ,nymphs back creep+ ,fe>fully4 ,,%akspe>e3 ,! ,passionate ,pilgrim4 ,see ,sec4 xv4 ,example ,,ii4--,specim5 ) ,s+le ,rhyme4 ,to ,qu9bus ,fle/r91 ! ,man-,m\nta9 ,a ,,lilliputian ,,ode ,i4 ,9 a -maze1 ,lo/1 ,i gaze4 ,c our eyes ,rea* ?y size8 ,may my lays ,swell ) praise1 ,wor?y !e1 ,wor?y me6 ,muse1 9 -spire ,all ?y fire6 ,b>ds ( old ,( him told1 ,:5 !y said ,atlas' head ,propp'd ! skies3 ,see6 & believe y\r eyes6 ,,ii4 ,see him /ride ,valleys wide3 ,ov] woods1 ,ov] floods1 ,:5 he treads1 ,m\nta9s' heads ,groan & %ake3 ,armies quake1 ,le/ 8 spurn ,ov] -turn ,man & /e$3 ,troops1 take he$6 ,left & "r ,spe$ y\r flight6 ,le/ an ho/ ,b5ea? 8 foot be lo/4 ,,iii4 ,turn'd a -side ,f 8 hide1 ,safe f w\nd1 ,d>ts re -b\nd4 ,f 8 nose1 ,cl\ds he bl[s2 ,:5 he speaks1 ,?und] breaks6 ,:5 he eats1 ,fam9e ?reats6 ,:5 he dr9ks1 ,neptune %r9ks6 ,nigh ?y e>1 ,9 mid air1 ,on ?y h&1 ,let me /&4 ,s %all ,i 7,l(ty poet67 t\* ! sky4 ,,john ,,gay3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #cgf4 ,example ,,iii4--,two ,feet ) ,f\r4 ,oh1 ! pleas+1 pleas+ angui%1 ,:5 we love1 & :5 we langui%6 ,wi%es ris+6 ,?\ghts sur -pris+6 ,pleasure c\rt+6 ,*>ms trans -port+6 ,fancy view+ ,joys en -su+6 ,oh1 ! pleas+1 pleas+ angui%6 ,,addison',s ,rosamond1 ,act i1 ,sc5e #f4 ,example ,,iv4--,l9es ( ,?ree ,syllables ) ,long] ,metres4 #a4 ,,) ,,tro*aics4 ,or we sometimes pass an h\r ,"u a gre5 will[1 ,t de -f5ds u f ! %[]1 ,mak+ e>? our pill[2 ,:]e we may ,?9k & pray1 ,be'=e dea? ,/ops our brea?3 ,o!r joys1 ,are b toys1 ,& to be la -m5t$4 #eae #b4 ,,) ,,iambics4 ,:at s\nds 7 he>d1 ,:at sc5es appe>'d1 ,o'er all ! dre> -y coa/s6 ,dreadful gleams1 ,dismal screams1 ,fires t gl[1 ,%rieks ( wo1 ,sull5 moans1 ,holl[ groans1 ,& cries ( tor -tur'd gho/s6 ,,pope3 ,johnson's ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 vi1 p4 #cae4 ,example ,v4--,! ,%[]4--,9 ,f\r ,regul> ,/anzas4 #a4 ,9 a valley t ,i "k-- ,happy sc5e6 ,!re are mead[s slop+ l[1 ,!re ! faire/ fl[]s bl[1 ,& ! brighte/ wat]s fl[4 ,all se -r5e2 ,b ! sweete/ ?+ to see1 ,if y ask ! dripp+ tree1 ,or ! h>ve/ -hop+ swa91 ,is ! ,ra94 #b4 ,ah1 ! dwell]s ( ! t[n1 ,h[ !y sigh1-- ,h[ un -grateful -ly !y fr[n1 ,:5 ! cl\d-k+ %akes 8 cr[n1 ,& ! pe>ls come p\r+ d[n ,f ! sky6 ,!y de -scry no *>m at all ,:]e ! sp>kl+ jewels fall1 ,& ea* mom5t ( ! %[]1 ,seems an h\r6 #c4 ,yet !re's some?+ v sweet ,9 ! sight1 ,:5 ! cry/al curr5ts meet ,9 ! dry & du/y /reet1 ,& !y wre/le ) ! heat1 ,9 _! might6 ,:ile !y seem to hold a talk ,) ! /ones a -long ! walk1 ,& re -m9d !m ( ! rule1 ,to 'keep cool6' #d4 ,ay1 b 9 t quiet dell1 ,ev] fair1 ,/ill ! ,"l do? all ?+s well1 ,:5 8 cl\ds ) bless+s swell1 ,& !y break a brimm+ %ell ,on ! air2 ,!re ! %[] ha? its *>ms1 ,sweet & welcome to ! f>ms ,z !y li/5 to its voice1 ,& re -joice6 ,rev4 ,,ralph ,,hoyt',s ,poems3 ,! ,exam9]1 ,nov4 #f1 #ahdg4 ,example ,,vi4--,a ,good ,"n8--,two ,beautiful ,little ,/anzas4 #a4 ,*ildr51 *oose x1 ,don't re -fuse x1 ',tis a preci\s dia -dem2 ,highly prize x1 ,don't de -spise x1 ,y w ne$ x :5 y're m54 #b4 ,love & *]i%1 ,keep & n\ri%1 ',tis m preci\s f> ?an gold2 ,wat* & gu>d x1 ,don't dis -c>d x1 ,y w ne$ x :5 y're old4 ,! ,family ,*ri/ian ,almanac1 = #ahej1 p4 #bj4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,tro*aics ( two feet1 l ^? ( ?ree1 are1 m frequ5tly ?an o!rwise1 f\nd 9 connexion ) long] l9es1 z 9 "s ( ! examples above cit$4 ,! tro*aic l9e ( ?ree syllables1 :i* our prosodi/s 9 g5]al describe z consi/+1 n ( two feet2 b ( "o ,tro*ee & a long syllable1 may1 :5 x /&s alone1 be suppos$ to consi/ ( "o amphimac2 b1 s9ce ?is species ( foot is n admitt$ by all1 & is reckon$ a second>y "o by ^? :o d admit x1 ! bett] practice is1 to divide ev5 ! ?ree syllables into two feet1 z above4 ,,obs4 #b4--,murray1 ,h>t1 ,weld1 & _m o!rs1 errone\sly affirm1 t1 ,! %orte/ ,tro*aic v]se 9 our language1 consi/s ( "o ,tro*ee & a long syllable4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bef2 ,h>t's1 ,fir/ ,edition1 p4 #ahf2 ,weld's1 ,second ,edition1 p4 #baj4 ,! error ( ?is w be %[n by examples bel[--examples ( true ,tro*aic ,monomet]1 & n ( ,dimet] mi/ak5 = x1 l ,weld's1 ,h>t's1 or ,murray's4 ,,obs4 #c4--,^! au?ors also av]1 t1 ,?is measure is defective 9 dignity1 & c seldom be us$ on s]i\s occasions4--,same places4 ,tro*aic ( two feet--is likewise s brief1 t1 9 _! op9ion1 x is r>ely us$ = any v s]i\s purpose4--,same places4 ,:e!r ! expression ( love1 or ( its disappo9tm5t1 is any v s]i\s purpose or n1 ,i leave to ! decision ( ! read]4 ,:at lack ( dignity or s]i\sness !re is1 9 sev]al ( ! =ego+ examples1 especially ! la/ two1 ,i ?9k x n easy to discov]4 ,,measure ,,viii4--,,tro*aic ,,( ,,"o ,,foot1 ,,or ,,monomet]4 ,examples ) ,long] ,metres4 #a4 ,,) ,,iambics4 ,from walk to walk1 from %ade to %ade1 ,f /ream to purl -+ /ream convey'd1 ,?r\gh all ! ma -zes ( ! grove1 ,?r\gh all ! m+ -l+ tracks ,i rove1 ,turn+1 ,burn+1 ,*ang+1 ,rang+1 ,full ( grief & full ( love4 ,,addison',s ,rosamond1 ,act ,i1 ,sc4 #d3 ,ev]ett's ,v]sification1 p4 #ha4 #b4 ,,) ,,anape/ics1 c4 ,to love & to langui%1 ,to sigh & compla91 ,how cruel's ?e angui%6 ,how torment -+ ?e pa96 ,su+1 ,pursu+1 ,fly+1 ,d5y+1 ,o ! curse ( disda96 ,h[ torm5t -+'s ! pa96 ,,geo4 ,,granville3 ,br4 ,poets1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #ca4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! metres ackn[l$g$ 9 our ord9>y s*emes ( prosody1 sc>cely am\nt1 ) all _! b\ndless v>iety1 to m ?an "o half1 or ?ree qu>t]s1 ( :at may be f\nd 9 actual use some:]e4 ,among ! =ego+ examples1 are "s :i* are long]1 & "s :i* are %ort]1 ?an :at are commonly kn[n to our gramm>ians2 & "s1 also1 :i* seem easily practicable1 ?\gh p]haps n s easily quotable4 ,?is la/ tro*aic metre1 s f> z ,i "k1 has n be5 us$ alone1--t is1 )\t long] l9es1--except :]e gramm>ians s set examples ( x 9 _! prosodies4 ,,obs4 #b4--,tro*aic ( ,"o foot1 z well z ,iambic ( ,"o foot1 01 ,i believe1 fir/ recogniz$1 prosodically1 9 ,br[n's ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 a "w fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahbc4 ,s9ce t "t1 bo? h obta9$ ackn[l$gem5t 9 sundry s*emes ( v]sification1 conta9$ 9 ! new gramm>s2 z 9 ,f>num's1 & ,hallock's1 ( #ahdb2 9 ,p>don ,davis's1 ( #ahde2 9 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's1 & ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's1 ( #ahdh2 9 ,pr(essor ,f[l]'s1 ( #ahej4 ,wells1 9 8 ,s*ool ,gramm>1 ( #ahdf1 & ,d4 ,c4 ,all51 9 an o!r1 ( #ahdg1 give to ! l5g? ( l9es a laxity positively absurd3 ,rhym$ v]ses1 say !y1 may consi/ ( any numb] ( syllables4--,wells1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ahg2 late ,ed41 #bjd2 ,all51 p4 #hh4 ,ev]ett has recogniz$ ,! l9e ( a s+le ,tro*ee1 ?\gh he repudiates "s long measures t are mu* m ext5sively au?oriz$4 ,,ord] ,,iii4--,,anape/ic ,,v]se4 ,9 full ,anape/ic v]se1 ! /ress is laid on e ?ird syllable1 ! fir/ two syllables ( ea* foot be+ %ort4 ,! fir/ foot ( an anape/ic l9e1 may be an iambus4 ,?is is ! mo/ frequ5t div]sification ( ! ord]4 ,b1 z a div]sification1 x is1 ( c\rse1 n regul> or uni=m4 ,! /at$ or uni=m adoption ( ! iambus = a "p ( ea* l9e1 & ( ! anape/ = ! residue ( x1 produces v]se ( ! ,composite ,ord]4 ,z ! anape/ ends ) a long syllable1 its rhymes are naturally s+le2 & a %ort syllable aft] ?is1 produc+ d\ble rhyme1 is1 ( c\rse1 sup]num]>y3 s are ! two1 :5 ! rhyme is triple4 ,"s prosodi/s suppose1 a surplus at ! end ( a l9e may comp5sate = a defici5cy at ! beg9n+ ( ! next l9e2 b ?is ,i judge to be an error1 or at lea/ ! indulg5ce ( a que/ionable lic5se4 ,! foll[+ passage has two examples ( :at may h be5 meant = su* comp5sation1 ! au?or hav+ us$ a da% :]e ,i h ins]t$ :at seems to be a necess>y ^w3-- ,apol -lo smil'd %rewd -ly1 & bade him sit d[n1 ,) ',well1 ,mr4 ,scott1 y h man -ag$ ! t[n2 ,n[ pray1 copy less-- h a lit -tle tem] -xy-- ,& ,try if y c't also man -age po/] -ity4 ,= ,all y add n[ only les -s5s y\r cr$ -x2 ,& h[ c\ld y ?9k1 too1 ( tak -+ to ed -ite8' ,,leigh ,,hunt',s ,fea/ ( ! ,poets1 page #bj4 ,! anape/ic measures are few2 because _! feet are long1 & no poet has *os5 to set a great _m 9 a l9e4 ,possibly l9es ( five anape/s1 or ( f\r & an initial iambus1 might be writt52 = ^! w\ld sc>cely equal 9 l5g? "s ( ! iambics & tro*aics already exhibit$4 ,b ,i d n f9d any examples ( su* metre4 ,! longe/ anape/ics t h ga9$ my notice1 are ( f\rte5 syllables1 be+ tetramet]s ) triple rhyme1 or l9es ( f\r anape/s & two %ort surplus syllables4 ,?is ord] consi/s !re=e ( measures r$ucible to ! foll[+ heads3-- ,,measure ,i4--,,anape/ic ,,( ,,f\r ,,feet1 ,,or ,,tetramet]4 ,example ,i4--,a ,po/script4--,an ,example ) ,hyp]met]4 ,lean ,tom1 :5 ,i saw him1 la/ week1 on 8 horse awry1 ,?reat5'd l\d -ly to turn me to /one ) 8 sor -c]y4 ,b1 ,i ?9k1 little ,dan1 t1 9 spite ( :at our foe says1 ,he w f9d ,i read ,ov -id & 8 ,metamor -phoses4 ,=1 omit -t+ ! fir/1 7:]e ,i make a comp> -ison1 ,) a sort ( allu -sion to ,put -l& or ,h> -rison17 ,yet1 by my descrip -tion1 y'll f9d he 9 %ort is ,a pack & a g> -ran1 a top & a tor -toise4 ,s ,i hope f h5ce= -w>d y ne'er w ask1 c ,i maul ,?is teas -+1 conceit -ed1 rude1 9 -sol5t an -imal8 ,&1 if ?is rebuke might be turn'd to 8 b5 -efit1 7,= ,i pit -y ! man17 ,i %\ld be glad !n ( x ,,swift',s ,,poems3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #cbd4 ,example ,,ii4--,! ,fea/ ( ! ,poets4--,fir/ ,twelve ,l9es4 ,t' o!r day1 z ,apol -lo sat pit* -+ 8 d>ts ,?r\gh ! cl\ds ( ,novem -b]1 by fits & by />ts1 ,he began to consid -er h[ long x _h be5 ,s9ce ! b>ds ( ,old ,eng -l& _h all be5 rung 94 ',i ?9k1' said ! god1 recollect -+1 7& !n ,he fell twid -dl+ a sun -beam z ,i may my p517 ',i ?9k-- let me see-- yes1 x is1 ,i decl>e1 ,z long ago n[ z t ,buck -+ham !re2 ,& yet ,i c't see :y ,i've be5 s remiss1 ,unless x may be-- & x c] -ta9ly is1 ,t s9ce ,dry -d5's f9e v] -ses & ,mil -ton's sublime1 ,i h fair -ly be5 sick ( _! s+ -song & rhyme4' ,,leigh ,,hunt3 ,poems1 ,new-,york ,edition1 ( #ahad4 ,example ,,iii4--,! ,cr[n+ ( ,f\r ,fav\rites4 ,!n1 ',come1' cri$ ! god 9 8 el -egant mir?1 ',let u make u a heav'n ( our own ^u e>?1 ,& wake1 ) ! lips t we dip 9 our b[ls1 ,t div9 -e/ ( mu -sic--conge -nial s\ls4' ,s say -+1 he l$ ?r\gh ! d9 -+-room door1 ,&1 seat -+ ! po -ets1 cri$1 ',lau -rels = f\r6' ,no soon -er dem& -ed1 ?an1 lo6 !y 7 !re1 ,& ea* ( ! b>ds _h a wrea? 9 8 hair4 ,tom ,camp -bell's ) wil -l[ & pop -l> 0 tw9'd1 ,& ,s\? -ey's1 ) m\n -ta9-a%1 pluck'd 9 ! w9d2 ,& ,scott's1 ) a hea? f 8 old g>d5 /ores1 ,&1 ) v9e -leaves & jump -up-&-kiss -me1 ,tom ,moore's4 ,,leigh ,,hunt3 f l9e #ccj to l9e #cdb4 ,example ,,iv4--,gl5>a4--,fir/ ,two ( ,eight ,/anzas4 ,o he>d ye yon pi -bro* s\nd sad 9 ! gale1 ,:]e a b& come? sl[ -ly ) weep -+ & wail6 ',tis ! *ief ( ,gl5a -ra lam5ts = 8 de>2 ,& h] sire1 & ! peo -ple1 are call$ to h] bi]4 ,gl5a -ra came fir/ ) ! m\rn -ers & %r\d2 ,h] k9s -m51 !y fol -l[$1 b m\rn$ n al\d2 ,_! plaids all _! bo -soms 7 fold -ed ar\nd2 ,!y m>*$ all 9 si -l5ce--!y look$ on ! gr\nd4 ,t4 ,,campbell',s ,poetical ,works1 p4 #aje4 ,example ,v4--,lo*iel's ,w>n+4--,t5 ,l9es f ,eighty-six4 ',tis ! sun -set ( life gives me mys -tical lore1 ,& com -+ ev5ts ca/ _! %ad -ows be=e4 ,i tell !e1 ,cullo -d5's dread e* -oes %all r+ ,) ! blood -h\nds t b>k = ?y fu -gitive k+4 ,lo6 ano9t -ed by ,heav'n ) ! vi -als ( wra?1 ,behold1 :]e he flies on 8 des -olate pa?6 ,n[1 9 d>k -ness & bil -l[s he sweeps f my sight2 ,rise6 rise6 ye wild tem -pe/s1 & cov -er 8 flight6 ',tis f9 -i%$4 ,_! ?un -d]s are hu%$ on ! moors2 ,cullo -d5 is lo/1 & my c\n -try deplores4--,ib41 p4 #hi4 ,example ,,vi4--,! ,exile ( ,er94--,! ,fir/ ( ,five ,/anzas4 ,!re came to ! bea* a poor ,ex -ile ( ,e -r91 ,! dew on 8 ?9 robe 0 heav -y & *ill2 ,= 8 c\n -try he sigh$1 :5 at twi -light repair -+ ,to wan -d] alone by ! w9d -beat5 hill4 ,b ! day -/> attract -ed 8 eye's sad devo -tion1 ,= x rose o'er 8 own native isle ( ! o -cean1 ,:]e once1 9 ! fire ( 8 y\? -ful emo tion1 ,he sang ! bold an -!m ( ,e -r9 g bragh4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,example ,,vii4--,! ,popl> ,field4 ,! pop -l>s are fell'd1 f>ewell to ! %ade1 ,& ! :is -p]+ s\nd ( ! cool colonnade2 ,! w9ds play no lon -g] & s+ 9 ! leaves1 ,nor ,ouse on 8 bo -som _! im -age receives4 ,twelve ye>s h elaps'd1 s9ce ,i la/ took a view ,( my fa -v\rite field1 & ! bank :]e !y grew2 ,& n[ 9 ! grass behold !y are laid1 ,& ! tree is my seat t once l5t me a %ade4 ,! black -bird has fl$ to ano? -er retreat1 ,:]e ! ha -zels af=d him a scre5 f ! heat1 ,& ! sc5e1 :]e 8 mel -ody *>m'd me be=e1 ,res\nds ) 8 sweet -fl[+ dit -ty no m4 ,my fu -gitive ye>s are all ha/ -+ away1 ,& ,i mu/ ere long lie z l[ -ly z !y1 ,) a turf on my brea/1 & a /one at my head1 ,ere ano? -er su* grove %all arise 9 its /ead4 ',tis a sight to engage me1 if an -y ?+ c1 ,to muse on ! p] -i%+ pleas -ures ( man2 ,?\gh 8 life be a dream1 8 enjoy -m5ts1 ,i see1 ,h a be -+ less dur -able e -v5 ?an he4 ,,c[p]',s ,poems1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #beg4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,ev]ett av]s1 t1 ,! purely ,anape/ic measure is m easily con/ruct$ ?an ! ,tro*ee1 ,tro*aic1 & ( mu* m frequ5t occurr5ce4--,engli% ,v]sification1 p4 #ig4 ,bo? p>ts ( ?is ass]tion are at lea/ v que/ionable2 & s are ?is au?or's o!r sugge/ions1 t1 ,! ,anape/ is necess>ily ! vehicle ( gayety & joy2 t1 ,:5ev] ?is measure is employ$ 9 ! treat+ ( sad subjects1 ! effect is de/roy$2 t1 ,:oev] %\ld attempt to write an elegy 9 ?is measure1 w\ld be sure to fail2 t1 ,! words might express grief1 b ! measure w\ld express joy2 t1 ,! ,anape/ %\ld nev] be employ$ ?r\gh\t a long piece2 because buoyancy ( spirits c nev] be suppos$ to la/1--sadness nev] leaves u1 ,,b joy rema9s b = a mom5t2 &1 aga91 because1 ! measure is exce$+ly monoton\s4--,ibid41 pp4 #ig & #ih4 ,,obs4 #b4--,mo/ anape/ic poetry1 s f> z ,i "k1 is 9 pieces ( no great l5g?2 b ,leigh ,hunt's ,fea/ ( ! ,poets1 :i* is ?rice cit$ above1 ?\gh n a long poem1 may c]ta9ly be reg>d$ z a long piece1 s9ce x ext5ds ?r\gh fifte5 pages1 & conta9s f\r hundr$ & ?irty-"o l9es1 all1 or ne>ly all1 ( anape/ic tetramet]4 ,&1 surely1 no poet _h ev] m ne$ ( a metre well suit$ to 8 purpose1 ?an he1 :o1 int5d+ a critical z well z a descriptive poem1 has f\nd s mu* fault ) ! v]sification ( o!rs4 ,pope1 z a v]sifi]1 0 reg>d$ by ?is au?or1 n only z no ma/] ( 8 art1 b z a v indiff]5t practis]4--,notes on ! ,fea/ ( ! ,poets1 p4 #ce4 ,8 monoton\s & cloy+ use ( numb]s1 ) t ( ,d>w91 ,goldsmi?1 ,johnson1 ,haley1 & o!rs ( ! same s*ool1 is alleg$ to h wr\ght a g5]al corruption ( ta/e 9 respect to v]sification--a fa%ion t has prevail$1 n tempor>ily1 ,b ev] s9ce ,pope spoil'd ! e>s ( ! t[n ,) 8 cuckoo-song v]ses1 half up & half d[n--,ib4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,excessive monotony is ?us *>g$ by "o critic ^u all v]se ( ! purely ,anape/ic measure2 &1 by an o!r1 ! same fault is alleg$ 9 g5]al t]ms aga9/ all ! poetry ( ! s*ool ( ,pope1 well-nigh ! :ole ( :i* is iambic4 ,! defect is probably 9 ei!r case1 at lea/ half imag9>y2 &1 z = ! inh]5t joy\sness ( anape/ics1 t is p]haps n less ideal4 ,fa!r ,humphrey says1 ,anap/ic & amphibra*ic v]se1 be+ simil> 9 measure & movem5t1 are pleas+ to ! e>1 & well adapt$ to *e]ful & hum\r\s compositions2 & sometimes to elegiac compositions1 & subjects important & solemn4--,humphrey's ,engli% ,prosody1 p4 #ag4 ,,obs4 #d4--,! anape/1 ! dactyl1 & ! amphibra*1 h ?is 9 common1--t ea*1 ) "o long syllable1 takes two %ort ones4 ,h5ce !re is a degree ( simil>ity 9 _! rhy?ms1 or 9 _! sev]al effects ^u ! e>2 & consequ5tly l9es ( ea* ord]1 7or ( any two1 if ! amphibra*ic be acc\nt$ a sep>ate ord]17 are sometimes comm+l$4 ,b ! propriety ( ackn[l$g+ an ord] ( ,amphibra*ic v]se1 z does ,humphrey1 is m ?an d\btful2 because1 by s do+1 we n only recognize ! amphibra* z "o ( ! pr9cipal feet1 b make a va/ numb] ( l9es ambigu\s 9 _! scansion4 ,= our ,amphibra*ic ord] w be made up ( l9es t are commonly scann$ z anape/ics--su* anape/ics z are div]sifi$ by an iambus at ! beg9n+1 & sometimes also by a surplus %ort syllable at ! end2 z 9 ! foll[+ v]ses1 bett] divid$ z 9 ! six? example above3-- ,?ere came to ?e bea* a poor ,exile ( ,er9 ,! dew on 8 ?9 robe 0 heavy & *ill3 ,for his coun -try he sigh$1 :en at twi -light repair -+ ,to w&] alone by ! w9d-beat -en hill4 ,,measure ,,ii4--,,anape/ic ,,( ,,?ree ,,feet1 ,,or ,,trimet]4 ,example ,i4--,alex&] ,selkirk4--,fir/ ,two ,/anzas4 ,i4 ,i am mon -ar* ( all ,i survey1 ,my "r !re is none to dispute2 ,f ! c5 -tre all r\nd to ! sea1 ,i am "l ( ! f[l & ! brute4 ,o ,sol -itude6 :]e are ! *>ms ,t sa -ges h se5 9 ?y face8 ,bett] dwell 9 ! mid/ ( al>ms1 ,?an reign 9 ?is hor -rible place4 ,,ii4 ,i am out ( human -ity's rea*1 ,i mu/ f9 -i% my j\r -ney alone1 ,nev] he> ! sweet mu -sic ( spee*1 ,i />t at ! s\nd ( my own4 ,! bea/s t roam o -v] ! pla91 ,my =m ) indif -f]5ce see2 ,!y are s unacqua9t -ed ) man1 ,_! tame -ness is %ock -+ to me4 ,,c[p]',s ,poems1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aii4 ,example ,,ii4--,ca?>9a4--,two ,/anzas f ,sev54 ,,iv4 ,?\gh ! pleas -ures ( ,lon -don exce$ ,9 num -b] ! days ( ! ye>1 ,ca?>i -na1 did no? -+ imp$e1 ,w\ld feel h]self hap -pi] "h2 ,= ! close -wov5 ar* -es ( limes ,on ! banks ( our riv -er1 ,i "k1 ,are sweet -er to h] _m times ,?an aught t ! cit -y c %[4 ,v4 ,s x is1 :5 ! m9d is endu$ ,) a well -judg+ ta/e f above2 ,!n1 :e? -er embel -li%'d or rude1 ',tis na -ture alone t we love4 ,! a*ieve -m5ts ( art may amuse1 ,may e -v5 our won -d] excite1 ,b groves1 hills1 & val -leys1 diffuse ,a la/ -+1 a sa -cr$ delight4 ,,c[p]',s ,poems1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bcb4 ,example ,,iii4--,a ,pa/oral ,ballad4--,two ,/anzas f ,tw5ty-sev54 7#h47 ,n a p9e 9 my grove is !re se51 ,b ) t5 -drils ( wood -b9e is b\nd2 ,n a bee* 's m beau -tiful gre51 ,b a sweet -bri> tw9es x ar\nd1 ,n my fields 9 ! prime ( ! ye> ,m *>ms ?an my cat -tle unfold2 ,n a brook t is lim -pid & cle>1 ,b x glit -t]s ) fi% -es ( gold4 7#i7 ,"o w\ld ?9k %e might l to retire ,to ! b['r ,i h la -b\r'd to re>2 ,n a %rub t ,i he>d h] admire1 ,b ,i ha/ -ed & plant -ed x !re4 ,o h[ sud -d5 ! jes -sam9e /rove ,) ! li -lac to r5 -d] x gay6 ,alread -y x calls = my love1 ,to prune ! wild bran* -es away4 ,,%5/one3 ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 vii1 p4 #aci4 ,anape/ic l9es ( f\r feet & ( ?ree are sometimes alt]nat$ 9 a /anza1 z 9 ! foll[+ in/ance3-- ,example ,,iv4--,! ,rose4 ,! rose _h be5 wa%'d1 j wa%'d 9 a %['r1 ,:i* ,ma -ry to ,an -na convey'd2 ,! pl5 -tiful moi/ -ure encum -b]'d ! fl['r1 ,& weigh'd d[n its beau -tiful head4 ,! cup 0 all fill'd1 & ! leaves 7 all wet1 ,& x seem'd to a fan -ciful view1 ,to weep = ! buds x _h left1 ) regret1 ,on ! fl\r -i%+ bu% :]e x grew4 ,i ha/ -ily seiz$ x1 unfit z x 0 ,= a nose -gay1 s drip -p+ & dr[n'd1 ,&1 sw+ -+ x rude -ly1 too rude -ly1 alas6 ,i snapp'd x1--x fell to ! gr\nd4 ,& su*1 ,i exclaim'd1 is ! pit -iless "p ,"s act by ! del -icate m9d1 ,reg>d -less ( wr+ -+ & break -+ a he>t ,alread -y to sor -r[ resign'd4 ,?is el -egant rose1 _h ,i %ak -en x less1 ,might h bloom'd ) its own -er a :ile2 ,& ! te> t is wip'd ) a lit -tle address1 ,may be fol -l['d p]haps by a smile4 ,,c[p]3 ,poems1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #baf2 ,engli% ,read]1 p4 #bab4 ,,measure ,,iii4--,,anape/ic ,,( ,,two ,,feet1 ,,or ,,dimet]4 ,example ,i4--,l9es ) ,hyp]met] & ,d\ble ,rhyme4 ,,corona*1 ,,or ,,fun]al ,,song4 #a4 ,he is gone on ! m\nt -a9 ,he is lo/ to ! = -e/ ,l a sum -m]-dri$ f\n -ta9 ,:5 our ne$ 0 ! sor -e/4 ,! font1 reappe> -+1 ,f ! ra9 -drops %all bor -row1 ,b to u comes no *e] -+1 ,d ,dun -c no mor -row6 #b4 ,! h& ( ! reap -er ,takes ! e>s t are ho> -y1 ,b ! voice ( ! weep -er ,wails man -hood 9 glo -ry2 ,! au -tumn w9ds ru% -+1 ,waft ! leaves t are se> -e/1 ,b our fl['r 0 9 flu% -+1 ,:5 blight -+ 0 ne> -e/4 ,,walt] ,,scott3 ,lady ( ! ,lake1 ,canto iii1 ,/4 #af4 ,example ,,ii4--,exact ,l9es ( ,two ,anape/s4 ,pri!e1 ,cu -pid1 no m ,hurl ?y d>ts at ?reescore2 ,to ?y girls & ?y boys1 ,give ?y pa9s & ?y joys2 ,let ,sir ,tru/ -y & me ,f ?y frol -ics be free4 ,,addison3 ,rosamond1 ,act ii1 ,sc5e #b2 ,ev4 ,v]sif41 p4 #ajj4 ,example ,,iii--,an ,ode1 f ! ,fr5* ( ,malh]be4 ,?is ,an -na s fair1 ,s talk'd ( by fame1 ,:y dont %e appe>8 ,inde$1 %e's to blame6 ,lewis sighs = ! sake ,( h] *>ms1 z !y say2 ,:at excuse c %e make ,= n com -+ away8 ,if he does n possess1 ,he dies ) despair2 ,let's give him r$ress1 ,& g f9d out ! fair ,cette ,anne si belle1 ,qu'on vante si =t1 ,p\rquoi ne vi5t elle8 ,vraim5t1 elle a tort6 ,son ,l\is s\pire1 ,aprs ses appas2 ,que veut elle dire1 ,qu'elle ne vi5t pas8 ,s'il ne la possde1 ,il s'en va m\rir2 ,donnons y remde1 ,allons la qurir4 ,,william ,,k+1 ,,ll4 ,d43 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 iii1 p4 #eij4 ,example ,,iv4--',tis ! ,la/ ,rose ( ,summ]4 #a4 ',tis ! la/ rose ( sum -mer1 ,left bloom -+ alone2 ,all h] love -ly compan -ions ,are fad -ed & gone2 ,no fl['r ( h] k9 -dred1 ,no rose -bud is nigh1 ,to give back h] blu% -es1 ,or give sigh = sigh4 #b4 ,i'll n leave !e1 ?\ lone "o6 ,to p9e on ! /em6 ,s9ce ! love -ly are sleep -+1 ,g1 sleep ?\ ) !m2 ,?us k9d -ly ,i scat -ter ,?y leaves o'er ?y b$1 ,:]e ?y mates ( ! g> -den ,lie sc5t -less & dead4 #c4 ,s1 soon may ,i fol -low1 ,:5 fri5d -%ips decay1 ,&1 f love's %9+ cir -cle1 ,! gems drop away2 ,:5 true he>ts lie ) -er'd1 ,& fond ones are fl[n1 ,oh6 :o w\ld inhab -x ,?is bleak _w alone 8 ,t4 ,,moore3 ,melodies1 ,songs1 & ,airs1 p4 #aga4 ,example ,v4--,nemesis ,call+ up ! ,dead ,a/>te4 ,%ad[6 or spir -x6 ,:atev -er ?\ art1 ,:i* /ill do? inh] -x ,! :ole or a "p ,( ! =m ( ?y bir?1 ,( ! m\ld ( ?y clay1 ,:i* return'd to ! e>?1 ,re-appe> to ! day6 ,be> :at ?\ bor -e/1 ,! he>t & ! =m1 ,& ! z -pect ?\ wor -e/ ,r$eem f ! worm6 ,appe>6--,appe>6--,appe>6 ,,"l ,,byron3 ,manfr$1 ,act ii1 ,sc4 #d4 ,example ,,vi4--,anape/ic ,dimet] ) ,trimet]4 ,,fir/ ,,voice4 ,make room = ! com -bat1 make room2 ,s\nd ! trum -pet & drum2 ,a fair -er ?an ,ve -nus prep>es ,to enc\n -t] a great -er ?an ,m>s4 ,make room = ! com -bat1 make room2 ,s\nd ! trum -pet & drum4 ,,second ,,voice4 ,give ! ^w to beg91 ,let ! com -batants 91 ,! *al -l5g] en -t]s all glo riou2 ,b ,love has decre$1 ,?\gh ,beau -ty may ble$1 ,yet ,beau -ty %all /ill be victo -riou4 ,,george ,,granville3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #eh4 ,example ,,vii4--,anape/ic ,dimet] ) ,tetramet]4 ,,air4 ,let ! pipe's m]ry notes aid ! skill ( ! voice2 ,= our wi% -es are cr[n'd1 & our he>ts %all rejoice4 ,rejoice1 & be glad2 ,=1 sure1 he is mad1 ,:o1 :]e mir?1 & good hum -m\r1 & h> -mony's f\nd1 ,nev] cat* -es ! smile1 nor lets pleas -ure g r\nd4 ,let ! /u -pid be grave1 ',tis ! vice ( ! slave2 ,b c nev -er agree ,) a maid -en l me1 ,:o is born 9 a c\n -try t's hap -py & free4 ,,lloyd3 ,johnson's ,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 viii1 p1 #agh4 ,,measure ,,iv4--,,anape/ic ,,( ,,"o ,,foot1 ,,or ,,monomet]4 ,?is measure is r>ely if ev] us$ except 9 connexion ) long] l9es4 ,! foll[+ example has six anape/ics ( two feet1 & two ( "o2 b ! latt]1 be+ v]ses ( d\ble rhyme1 h ea* a surplus %ort syllable2 & f\r ( ! =m] comm5ce ) ! iambus3-- ,example ,i4--,a ,song 9 a ,drama4 ,n[1 mor -tal1 prep>e1 ,= ?y fate is at h&2 ,n[1 mor -tal1 prep>e1 ,& surren -der4 ,= ,love %all arise1 ,:om no p['r c )/&1 ,:o rules f ! skies ,to ?e cen -tre4 ,,granville1 ,,visc\nt ,,lansd[ne3 ,joh4 ,brit4 ,poets1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #di4 ,! foll[+ extract1 7:i* is mo/ prop]ly to be scann$ z anape/ic1 ?\gh consid]ably div]sifi$17 has two l9es1 ea* ( :i* is pretty evid5tly compos$ ( a s+le anape/3-- ,example ,,ii4--,a ,*orus 9 ! ,same4 ,let trum -pets & tym -bals1 ,let ata --bals & cym -bals1 ,let drums & let haut -boys give o -ver2 ,but let flutes1 ,& let lutes ,our pas -sions excite ,to g5t -l] delight1 ,& ev -ery ,m>s be a lov -er4 ,ib41 p4 #ef4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,t a s+le anape/1 a s+le foot ( any k9d1 or ev5 a s+le long syllable1 may be1 & sometimes is1 9 c]ta9 r uncommon in/ances1 set z a l9e1 is n to be d5i$4 ,dr4 ,cau/ic1 or ,t4 ,g4 ,fess5d51 9 8 satirical ,directions = ,do+ ,poetry1 uses 9 ?is mann] ! monosyllables1 ,:ew1 ,say1 & ,dress & also ! iambs1 ,! gay &1 ,all su*1 rhym+ !m ) some?+ less isolat$4 ,,obs4 #b4--,_m ( our gramm>ians give anonym\s examples ( :at !y conceive to be ,anape/ic ,monomet]1 or ! l9e ( "o anape/1 :ile o!rs--7z ,all51 ,bullions1 ,*ur*ill1 & ,hiley--7 w h ! l5g? ( two anape/s to be ! %orte/ measure ( ?is ord]4 ,pr(4 ,h>t says1 ,! %orte/ anap/ic v]se is a s+le anap/2 z1 ',9 a sweet ,resonance1 ,all ?eir feet ,9 ?e dance ,all ?e night ,tinkled light4' ,?is measure1 x is add$1 is1 h[ev]1 ambigu\s2 = by lay+ an acc5t on ! fir/1 z well z ! ?ird syllable1 we may g5]ally make x a tro*aic4--,h>t's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,! same six v]sicles are us$ z an example by ,pr(4 ,f[l]1 :o1 )\t admitt+ any ambiguity 9 ! measure1 introduces !m1 r soleci/ically1 ?us3 ,ea* ( ! foll[+ l9es consi/ ( a s+le ,anape/4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #fid4 ,,obs4 #c4--,v]ses ( ?ree syllables1 ) ! second %ort1 ! la/ long1 & ! fir/ common1 or v>iable1 are1 x w\ld seem1 d\bly d\btful 9 scansion2 =1 :ile ! fir/ syllable1 if made %ort1 gives u an anape/1 to make x long1 gives ei!r an amphimac or :at is virtually two tro*ees4 ,= reasons ( *oice 9 ! latt] case1 see ,obs]vation #a/ on ,tro*aic ,dimet]4 ,= ! fix+ ( v>iable quantities1 s9ce ! case admits no o!r rule1 reg>d %\ld be _h to ! analogy ( ! v]se1 & also to ! common pr9ciples ( acc5tuation4 ,x is d\btless possible to read ! six %ort l9es above1 into ! measure ( s _m anape/s2 b1 s9ce ! two monosyllables ,9 & ,all are z easily made long z %ort1 :oev] consid]s ! common pronunciation ( ! long] words1 ,resonance & ,t9kl$1 may well d\bt :e!r ! le>n$ pr(essors h1 9 ?is in/ance1 hit ^u ! "r mode ( scansion4 ,! example may q z well be reg>d$ ei!r z ,tro*aic ,dimet]1 cataletic1 or z ,amphimacric ,monomet]1 acatalectic4 ,b ! ^w resonance1 be+ acc5t$ usually on ! fir/ syllable only1 is naturally a dactyl2 &1 s9ce ! o!r five little v]ses end sev]ally ) a monosyllable1 :i* c be v>i$ 9 quantity1 x is possible to read !m all z be+ dactylics2 & s ! :ole may be reg>d$ z trebly d\btful ) respect to ! measure4 ,,obs4 #d4--,l4 ,murray says1 ,! %orte/ anap/ic v]se mu/ be a s+le anap/2 z1 ,but 9 va9 ,!y compla94 ,& !n he adds1 ,?is measure is1 h[ev]1 ambigu\s2 =1 by lay+ ! /ress ( ! voice on ! fir/ & ?ird syllables1 we might make a tro*aic4 ,& !re=e ! fir/ & simple/ =m ( our g5u9e ,anap/ic v]se1 is made up ( two anap/s4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #beg2 #abmo1 p4 #bjg4 ,?is conclusion is utt]ly absurd1 z well z completely contradictory to 8 fir/ ass]tion4 ,! g5u95ess ( ?is small metre dep5ds n at all on :at may be made ( ! same words by o!r pronunciation2 nor c x be a v natural read+ ( ?is passage1 t gives to ,b & ,!y su* emphasis z w make !m long4 ,,obs4 #e4--,yet ,*&l]1 9 8 improv$ gramm> ( #ahdg1 has n fail$ to repeat ! sub/ance ( all ?is absurdity & self-contradiction1 c>efully dress+ x up 9 o!r language1 ?us3 ,v]ses compos$ ( s+le ,anap/s are frequ5tly f\nd 9 /anzas ( songs2 & ! same is true ( sev]al ( ! o!r k9ds ( feet2 b we may consid] ! fir/ i4e41 %orte/ =m ( anap/ic v]se z consi/+ ( two ,anap/s4--,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aif4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,ev]ett1 speak+ ( anape/ic l9es1 says1 ,! fir/ & %orte/ ( ^! is compos$ ( a s+le ,anape/ foll[+ an ,iambus4--,engli% ,v]sification1 p4 #ii4 ,?is n only d5ies ! exi/5ce ( ,anape/ic ,monomet]1 b improp]ly takes = ! ,anape/ic v]se :at is1 by ! /atem5t itself1 half ,iambic1 & !re=e ( ! ,composite ,ord]4 ,b ! false ass]tion is pla9ly refut$ ev5 by ! au?or himself & on ! same page4 ,=1 at ! bottom ( ! page1 he has ?is contradictory note3 ,x has be5 rem>k$ 7#ae7 t ?\gh ! ,iambus ) an additional %ort syllable is ! %orte/ l9e t is kn[n to ,iambic v]se1 !re are isolat$ in/ances ( a s+le ,iambus1 & ev5 ( a s+le long syllable4 ,!re are examples ( l9es made up ( a s+le ,anape/1 z ! foll[+ example w %[3-- ',jove 9 8 *air1 ,( ! sky "l mayor1 ,) 8 nods ,m5 & gods ,keeps 9 awe2 ,:5 he w9ks1 ,heav5 %r9ks2 99 99 99 99 ,cock ( ! s*ool1 ,he be>s despotic rule2 ,8 ^w1 ,?\gh absurd1 ,mu/ be law4 ,ev5 ,fate1 ,?\gh s great1 ,mu/ n prate2 ,8 bald pate ,jove w\ld cuff1 ,he's s bluff1 ,= a /raw4 ,c[$ deities1 ,l mice 9 *eese1 ,to /ir mu/ cease ,or gnaw4' ,o',,h>a3--,midas1 ,act i1 ,sc4 #a4--;,ev]ett's ,v]sification1 p4 #ii ,,ord] ,,iv4--,,dactylic ,,v]se4 ,9 pure ,dactylic v]se1 ! /ress is laid on ! fir/ syllable ( ea* successive ?ree2 t is1 on ! fir/1 ! f\r?1 ! sev5?1 & ! t5? syllable ( ea* l9e ( f\r feet4 ,full dactylic g5]ally =ms triple rhyme4 ,:5 "o ( ! f9al %ort syllables is omitt$1 ! rhyme is d\ble2 :5 bo?1 s+le4 ,^! omissions are "h ess5tial to ! =mation ( su* rhymes4 ,dactylic ) d\ble rhyme1 ends virtually ) a tro*ee2 dactylic ) s+le rhyme1 commonly ends ) a csura2 t is1 ) a long syllable tak5 = a foot4 ,dactylic ) s+le rhyme is ! same z anape/ic w\ld be )\t its initial %ort syllables4 ,dactylic v]se is r uncommon2 &1 :5 employ$1 is seldom p]fectly pure & regul>4 ,,measure ,i4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,eight ,,feet1 ,,or ,,octomet]4 ,example4--,nimrod4 ,nimrod ! hunt] 0 mighty 9 hunt+1 & fam$ z ! rul] ( cities ( yore2 ,babel1 & ,ere*1 & ,accad1 & ,calneh1 f ,%9>'s fair region 8 "n af> bore4 ,,measure ,,ii4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,sev5 ,,feet1 ,,or ,,heptamet]4 ,example4--,*ri/'s ,k+dom4 ,out ( ! k+dom ( ,*ri/ %all be ga!r$1 by angels o'er ,satan vic -tori\s1 ,all t ( -f5de?1 t lie?1 t faile? to hon\r 8 "n ev] glori\s4 ,,measure ,,iii4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,six ,,feet1 ,,or ,,hexamet]4 ,example ,i4--,"t 9 ,motion4 ,"t1 ?\ art ev] 9 motion1 on :eels ( ! days1 ye>s1 & ages2 ,re/less z waves ( ! ocean1 :5 ,eurus or ,boreas rages4 ,example ,,ii4--,:]e1 is ,gr&-,pr8 ,?is is ! =e/ pri -meval2 b :]e are ! he>ts t be -nea? x ,leap'd l ! roe1 :5 he he>s 9 ! woodl& ! voice ( ! huntsman8 ,:]e is ! ?at*-ro(d village1 ! home ( ,a -cadian f>m]s8 ,h4 ,w4 ,,longfell[3 ,evangel9e1 ,"p i1 l4 #g--i4 ,,measure ,,iv4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,five ,,feet1 ,,or ,,p5tamet]4 ,example4--,salutation to ,am]ica4 ,l& ( ! beautiful1 beautiful1 l& ( ! free1 ,l& ( ! negro-slave1 negro-slave1 l& ( ! *ivalry1 ,(t5 my he>t _h turn$1 he>t _h turn$1 long+ to !e2 ,(t5 _h m\nta9-side1 m\nta9-side1 broad lake1 & /ream1 ,gleam$ on my wak+ ?\ght1 wak+ ?\ght1 cr[d$ my dream4 ,n[ ?\ do/ welcome me1 welcome me1 f ! d>k sea1 ,l& ( ! beautiful1 beautiful1 l& ( ! free1 ,l& ( ! negro-slave1 negro-slave1 l& ( ! *ivalry4 ,,measure ,v4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,f\r ,,feet1 ,,or ,,tetramet]4 ,example #a--,! ,soldi]'s ,wife4 ,we>y way -w&]]1 languid & sick at he>t1 ,travell+ pa9fully ov] ! rugg$ road1 ,wild-visag$ ,w&]]6 ,god help !e1 wret*$ "o6 ,sorely ?y little "o drags by !e b>efoot$2 ,cold is ! baby t hangs at ?y b5d+ back1 ,meagre1 & livid1 & scream+ = mis]y4 ,woe-begone "m1 half ang]1 half agony1 ,ov] ?y %\ld] ?\ looke/ to hu% ! babe1 ,bleakly ! bl9d+ sn[ beats 9 ?y hagg>d face4 ,ne'er w ?y husb& re -turn f ! w> aga91 ,cold is ?y he>t1 & z froz5 z ,*>ity6 ,cold are ?y *ildr54--,n[ ,god be ?y com=t]6 ,,rob]t ,,s\!y3 ,poems1 ,philad41 #ahdc1 p4 #bej4 ,example ,,ii4--,boys4--,a ,dactylic ,/anza4 ,boys w an -ticipate1 lavi%1 & dissipate ,all t y\r busy pate ho>d$ ) c>e2 ,&1 9 _! fooli%ness1 passion1 & muli%ness1 ,*>ge y ) *urli%ness1 spurn+ y\r pray'r4 ,example ,,iii--,lab\r4--,! ,fir/ ( ,five ,/anzas4 ,pause n to dream ( ! future be -=e u2 ,pause n to weep ! wild c>es t come o'er u3 ,h>k1 h[ ,cre -ation's deep1 musical *orus1 ,un9t] -mitt+1 goes up into ,heav56 ,nev] ! ocean-wave falt]s 9 fl[+2 ,nev] ! little se$ /ops 9 its gr[+2 ,m & m ri*ly ! rose-he>t keeps gl[+1 ,till f its n\ri%+ /em x is riv54 ,,frances ,s4 ,,osgood3 ,clapp's ,pione]1 p4 #id4 ,example ,,iv4--,boat ,song4--,fir/ ,/anza ( ,f\r4 ,hail to ! *ief :o 9 triumph ad -vances6 ,hon\r'd & bless'd be ! ev]-gre5 p9e6 ,long may ! tree 9 8 bann] t glances1 ,fl\ri%1 ! %elt] & grace ( our l9e6 ,heav5 s5d x happy dew1 ,e>? l5d x sap anew1 ,gayly to b\rgeon1 & broadly to gr[1 ,:ile ev'ry ,highl& gl5 ,s5ds our %\t back ag51 ',rod]igh ,vi* ,alp9e ,dhu1 ho6 i]oe6' ,,walt] ,,scott3 ,lady ( ! ,lake1 ,c4 ii1 ,/4 #ai4 ,,measure ,,vi4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,?ree ,,feet1 ,,or ,,trimet]4 ,example4--,to ! ,katydid4 ,ka-ty-did1 ,ka-ty-did1 sweetly s+1-- ,s+ to ?y lov+ mates ne> to !e2 ,summ] is come1 & ! trees are gre51-- ,summ]'s glad season s de> to !e4 ,*e]ily1 *e]ily1 insect1 s+2 ,bli! be ?y notes 9 ! hickory2 ,e b\gh %all an answ] r+1 ,sweet] ?an trumpet ( victory4 ,,measure ,,vii4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,two ,,feet1 ,,or ,,dimet]4 ,example ,i4--,! ,ba*elor4--,f\r ,l9es f ,_m4 ,free f sa -tiety1 ,c>e1 & anx -iety1 ,*>ms 9 va -riety1 ,fall to 8 %>e4--,,anon43 ,newspap]4 ,example ,,ii4--,! ,pibro*4--,sixte5 ,l9es f ,=ty4 ,pibro* ( ,donuil ,dhu1 ,pibro* ( ,donuil1 ,wake ?y wild voice anew4 ,summon ,clan -,conuil4 ,come away1 come away6 ,h>k to ! summons6 ,come 9 y\r w>-array1 ,g5tles & commons6 ,come z ! w9ds come1 :5 ,=e/s are r5d$2 ,come z ! waves come1 :5 ,navies are /r&$2 ,fa/] come1 fa/] come1 ,fa/] & fa/]6 ,*ief1 vassal1 page1 & groom1 ,t5ant & ma/]4--,w4 ,,scott4 ,example ,,iii4--,my ,boy4 ',!re is ev5 a happ9ess t makes ! he>t afraid4'--,,hood4 #a4 ,"o m new claimant = ,human fra -t]nity1 ,swell+ ! flood t sweeps ,on to e -t]nity2 ,i :o h fill$ ! cup1 ,tremble to ?9k ( x2 ,=1 be x :at x may1 ,i mu/ yet dr9k ( x4 #b4 ,room = him into ! ,ranks ( hu -manity2 ,give him a place 9 y\r ,k+dom ( vanity6 ,welcome ! /rang] ) ,k9dly af -fection2 ,hopefully1 tru/fully1 ,n ) de -jection4 #c4 ,see1 9 8 wayw>dness ,h[ 8 fi/ d\bles2 ,?us pugi -li/ical1 ,d>+ life's tr\bles3 ,/range t ! neophyte ,ent]s ex -i/5ce ,9 su* an attitude1 ,feign+ re -si/ance4 #d4 ,c\ld he b h a glimpse ,into fu -turity1 ,well might he fight aga9/ ,f>!r ma -turity2 ,yet does x seem to me ,z if 8 purity ,7 aga9/ s9fulness ,ample se -curity4 #e4 ,incompre -h5sible1 ,budd+ im -mortal1 ,?ru/ all a -maz$ly ,"u life's portal2 ,born to a de/9y ,cl\d$ 9 my/]y1 ,wisdom x -self _c ,guess at its hi/ory4 #f4 ,some?+ too mu* ( ?is ,timon-l croak+2 ,see 8 face wr9kle n[1 ,laught] pro -vok+4 ,n[ he cries lu/ily-- ,bravo1 my he>ty "o6 ,lungs l an orator ,*e]+ 8 p>ty on4 #g4 ,look h[ 8 m]ry eyes ,turn to me plead+ly6 ,c we help lov+ him-- ,lov+ ex -ce$+ly8 ,p>tly ) hopefulness1 ,p>tly ) fe>s1 ,m9e1 z ,i look at him1 ,moi/5 ) te>s4 #h4 ,n[ !n to f9d a "n2-- ,:]e %all we se>* = x8 ,turn to 8 ance/ry1 ,or to ! *ur* = x8 ,%all we en -d[ him ) ,title he -roic1 ,aft] "s w>rior1 ,poet1 or /oic8 #i4 ,"o aunty says he w ,soon 'lisp 9 numb]s1' ,turn+ 8 ?\ghts to rhyme1 ,e'en 9 8 slumb]s2 ,watts rhym$ 9 babyhood1 ,no blemi% spots 8 fame-- ,*ri/5 him ev5 s3 ,"y ,mr4 ,watts 8 "n4 ,,anonym\s3 ,knick]bock]1 & ,newspap]s1 #ahdi4 ,,measure ,,viii4--,,dactylic ,,( ,,"o ,,foot1 ,,or ,,monomet]4 ,fe>fully1 ,te>fully4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,a s+le dactyl1 set z a l9e1 c sc>cely be us$ o!rwise ?an z "p ( a /anza1 & 9 connexion ) long] v]ses4 ,! initial acc5t & triple rhyme make x necess>y to h some?+ else ) x4 ,h5ce ?is %ort measure is mu* less common ?an ! o!rs1 :i* are acc5t$ diff]5tly4 ,besides1 ! l9e ( ?ree syllables1 z 0 notic$ 9 ! obs]vations on ,anape/ic ,monomet]1 is (t5 peculi>ly unc]ta9 9 reg>d to ! measure :i* x %\ld make4 ,a little diff]5ce 9 ! lay+ ( emphasis or acc5t may1 9 _m in/ances1 *ange x f "o species ( v]se to an o!r4 ,ev5 :at seems to be dactylic ( two feet1 if ! la/ syllable be suffici5tly l5g!n$ to admit ( s+le rhyme ) ! full metre1 becomes some:at d\btful 9 its scansion2 because1 9 su* case1 ! la/ foot maybe reckon$ an amphimac1 or amphimac]4 ,( ?is1 ! foll[+ /anzas f ,b>ton's l9es to ! ,gallic ,eagle1 7or to ,bonap>te on ,/4 ,hel5a17 ?\gh diff]5t f all ! re/ ( ! piece1 may s]ve z a specim53-- ,f> f ! battle's %ock1 ,fate ha? fa/ b\nd !e2 ,*a9'd to ! rugg$ rock1 ,waves w>r+ r\nd !e4 ,n[1 = ! trumpet's s\nd1 ,sea-birds are %riek+2 ,ho>se on ?y ramp>t's b\nd1 ,bill[s are break+4 ,,obs4 #b4--,?is may be reg>d$ z v]se ( ! ,composite ,ord]2 &1 p]haps1 m prop]ly s1 ?an z ,dactylic ) m]e incid5tal v>iations4 ,l9es l ^? 9 :i* ! que/ionable foot is "h ,italiciz$1 may be unit$ ) long] dactylics1 & ?us produce a /anza ( great beauty & h>mony4 ,! foll[+ is a specim54 ,x is a song1 writt5 by ,i "k n :om1 b set to music by ,demp/]4 ,! twelf? l9e is v>i$ to a diff]5t measure4 ,,address ,,to ,,! ,,skyl>k4 ,bird ( ! wild]ness1 ,bli!some & cumb]less1 ,light be ?y mat9 o'er moorl& & lea2 ,emblem ( happ9ess1 ,ble/ is ?y dwell+-place2 ,o6 to a -bide 9 ! des]t ) !e6 ,wild is ?y lay1 & l\d1 ,f> on ! d[ny cl\d2 ,love gives x en]gy1 love gave x bir?3 ,:]e1 on ?y dewy w+1 ,:]e art ?\ j\rney+8 ,?y lay is 9 heav -en1 ?y love is on e>?4 ,o'er moor & m\nta9 gre51 ,o'er fell & f\nta9 %e51 ,o'er ! r$ /ream] t h]alds ! day2 ,ov] ! cl\dlet dim1 ,ov] ! ra9b['s rim1 ,musical *]ub1 hie1 hie !e a -way4 ,!n1 :5 ! gloam9 comes1 ,l[ 9 ! hea!r blooms4 ,sweet w ?y welcome & b$ ( love be4 ,emblem ( happ9ess1 ,ble/ is ?y dwell+-place2 ,o6 to a -bide 9 ! des]t ) !e6 ,,obs4 #c4--;,x is obs]v$ by ,*ur*ill1 7,new ,gram41 p4 #chg17 t1 ,%akspe>e has us$ ! dactyl1 z appropriate to m\rnful occasions4 ,! *ief example :i* he cites1 is ! foll[+3-- ,midnight1 z -si/ our moan1 ,help u to sigh & groan ,heavily1 heavily4 ,graves1 yawn & yield y\r dead1 ,till dea? be utt]$ ,heavily1 heavily4--,mu* ,ado1 ,v1 #c ,,obs4 #d4--,^! six l9es ( ,dactylic 7or ,composite7 ,dimet] are subjo9$ by ! poet to f\r ( ,tro*aic ,tetramet]4 ,!re does n appe> to me to be any p>ticul> adaptation ( ei!r measure to m\rnful subjects1 m ?an to o!rs2 b lat] in/ances ( ?is metre may be cit$1 9 :i* su* is ! "* ( ! topic treat$4 ,! foll[+ long example consi/s ( l9es ( two feet1 mo/ ( !m dactylic only2 b1 ( ! sev5ty-six1 !re are twelve :i* may be o!rwise divid$1 & z _m m :i* mu/ be1 because !y comm5ce ) a %ort syllable4 ,,! ,,bridge ,,( ,,sighs4--,,by ,,?omas ,,hood4 ,"o m un -=tunate1 ,we>y ( brea?1 ,ra%ly im -portunate1 ,gone to h] dea?6 ,take h] up t5d]ly1 ,lift h] ) c>e2 ,fa%ion$ s sl5d]ly1 ,"y1 & s fair6 ,look at h] g>m5ts ,cl++ l c]em5ts1 ,:il/ ! wave con/antly ,drips f h] clo?+2 ,take h] up in/antly1 ,lov+1 n loa?+4 ,t\* h] n scornfully2 ,?9k ( h] m\rnfully1 ,g5tly1 & humanly2 ,n ( ! /a9s ( h]3 ,all t re -ma9s ( h] ,n[1 is pure womanly4 ,make no deep scrut9y ,into h] mut9y1 ,ra% & un -dutifull2 ,pa/ all dis -hon\r1 ,dea? has left on h] ,only ! beautiful4 ,/ill1 = all slips ( h]s1-- ,"o ( ,eve's family1-- ,wipe ^? poor lips ( h]s1 ,ooz+ s clammily4 ,loop up h] tresses1 ,escap$ f ! comb1-- ,h] fair auburn tresses2 ,:il/ wond]m5t guesses1 ,:]e 0 h] home8 ,:o 0 h] fa!r8 ,:o 0 h] "m8 ,_h %e a si/]8 ,_h %e a bro!r8 ,0 !re a de>] "o ,yet1 ?an all o!r8 ,alas1 = ! r>ity ,( ,*ri/ian *>ity ,"u ! sun6 ,o1 x 0 pitiful6 ,ne> a :ole city full1 ,home %e _h none4 ,si/]ly1 bro!rly1 ,fa!rly1 mo!rly1 ,feel+s _h *ang$2 ,love1 by h>% evid5ce1 ,?r[n f its em95ce ,ev5 ,god's provid5ce ,seem+ e -/rang$4 ,:]e ! lamps quiv] ,s f> 9 ! riv]1 ,) _m a light1 ,f w9d[ & casem5t1 ,f g>ret to basem5t1 ,%e /ood1 ) amazem5t1 ,h\seless1 by night4 ,! bleak w9d ( ,m>* ,made h] tremble & %iv]2 ,b n ! d>k ar*1 ,or ! black-fl[+ riv]3 ,mad f life's hi/ory1 ,glad to dea?'s my/]y1 ,swift to be hurl$1-- ,any:]e1 any:]e1 ,out ( ! _w6 ,9 %e plung'd boldly1-- ,no matt] h[ coldly ,! r\gh riv] ran1-- ,ov] ! br9k ( x3 ,picture x1 ?9k ( x1 ,dissolute man6 ,clapp's ,pione]1 p4 #ed4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,z ea* ( our pr9cipal feet1--! ,iambus1 ! ,tro*ee1 ! ,anape/1 & ! ,dactyl1--has always "o1 & only "o long syllable2 x %\ld foll[1 t1 9 ea* ( our pr9cipal ord]s ( v]se1--! ,iambic1 ! ,tro*aic1 ! ,anape/ic1 & ! ,dactylic1--any l9e1 n div]sifi$ by a second>y foot1 mu/ be reckon$ to conta9 j z _m feet z long syllables4 ,s1 too1 ( ! ,amphibra*1 & any l9e reckon$ ,amphibra*ic4 ,b x happ5s1 t ! common error by :i* s+le-rhym$ ,tro*aics h s (t5 be5 c\nt$ a foot %ort] ?an !y are1 is also ext5d$ by "s writ]s to s+le-rhym$ ,dactylics--! rhym+ syllable1 if long1 be+ e/eem$ sup]num]>y6 ,= example1 ?ree dactylic /anzas1 9 ea* ( :i* a p5tamet] c\plet is foll[$ by a hexamet] l9e1 & ?is aga9 by a heptamet]1 are introduc$ by ,pr(4 ,h>t ?us3 ,! ,dactylic ,tetramet]1 ,p5tamet]1 & ,hexamet]1 ) ! additional or hyp]met] syllable1 are all f\nd comb9$ 9 ! foll[+ extraord9>y specim5 ( v]sification4 99 99 99 ,?is is ! only specim5 ( ,dactylic hexamet] or ev5 p5tamet] v]se t ! au?or recollects to h se54 ,,lam5t ,,( ,,adam4 ,glad 0 our meet+3 ?y glitt]+ bosom ,i he>d1 ,beat+ on m9e1 l ! he>t ( a timor\s bird2 ,bright 7 ?9e eyes z ! />s1 & _! glances 7 radiant z gleams ,fall+ f eyes ( ! angels1 :5 s++ by ,ed5's pur -pureal /reams4 ,happy z s]aphs 7 we1 = we w&]'d a -lone1 ,trembl+ ) passionate ?rills1 :5 ! twilight _h fl[n3 ,ev5 ! e*o 0 sil5t3 our kisses & :isp]s ( love ,langui%'d un -he>d & un -kn[n1 l ! brea? ( ! blossom+ buds ( ! grove4 ,life ha? its pleasures1 b fad+ are !y z ! fl[]s2 ,s9 ha? its sorr[s1 & sadly we turn'd f ^? b[]s2 ,bright 7 ! angels be -h9d ) _! fal*ions ( heav5ly flame6 ,d>k 0 ! desolate des]t be -=e u1 & d>k] ! dep? ( our %ame6 --,,h5ry ,b4 ,,hir/3 ,h>t's ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #aij4 ,,obs4 #f4--,( ,dactylic v]se1 our prosodi/s & gramm>ians 9 g5]al h tak5 b v little notice2 a majority ( !m appe>+ by _! sil5ce1 to h be5 utt]ly ignorant ( ! :ole species4 ,by _m1 ! dactyl is expressly set d[n z an inf]ior foot1 :i* !y imag9e is us$ only = ! occasional div]sification ( an iambic1 tro*aic1 or anape/ic l9e4 ,?us ,ev]ett3 ,x is nev] us$ except z a second>y foot1 & !n 9 ! fir/ place ( ! l9e4--,engli% ,v]sification1 p4 #abb4 ,on ?is ord] ( v]se1 ,l9dley ,murray be/[$ only ! foll[+ words3 ,! ,,dactylic measure be+ v uncommon1 we %all give only "o example ( "o species ( x3-- ,from ?e low pleasures ( ?is fallen nature1 ,rise we to high]1 c4--,gram41 #abmo1 p4 #bjg2 #hvo1 p4 #beg4 ,read ?is example ) we rise = ,rise we1 & all ! poetry ( x is gone6 ,humphrey says1 ,dactyle v]se is seldom us$1 z rem>k$ h]et(ore2 b is us$ occasionally1 & has ?ree metres2 viz4 ( #b1 #c1 & #d feet4 ,specim5s foll[4 #b feet4 ,free f anxiety4 #c feet4 ,s++ mo/ sweetly & m]rily4 #d feet4 ,dactylic measures are want+ 9 en]gy4--,engli% ,prosody1 p4 #ah4 ,"h ! prosodi/ has made 8 own examples2 & ! la/ "o1 :i* unju/ly impea*es all dactylics1 he has made v badly--v prosaically2 = ! ^w ,dactylic1 ?\gh x has ?ree syllables1 is prop]ly no dactyl1 b r an amphibra*4 ,,obs4 #g4--;,by ! ,rev4 ,david ,blair1 ?is ord] ( poetic numb]s is utt]ly misconceiv$ & misrepres5t$4 ,he says ( x1 ,,dactylic v]se consi/s ( a %ort syllable1 ) "o1 two1 or ?ree feet1 & a long syllable2 z1 ',di/racted wi? woe1 ',i'll ru% on ?e foe4' ,,addison4--,blair's ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aai4 ',ye %epherds so *e]ful & gay1 ',:ose flocks never carelessly roam2 ',%ould ,corydon's happen to /ray1 ',oh6 call ?e poor w&erers home4' ,,%5/one4--,ib41 p4 #abj4 ,x is manife/1 t ^! l9es are n dactylic at all4 ,!re is n a dactyl 9 !m4 ,!y are compos$ ( iambs & anape/s4 ,! ord] ( ! v]sification is ,anape/ic2 b x is "h v>i$ by ! v common div]sification ( dropp+ ! fir/ %ort syllable4 ,! long] example is f a ballad ( #baf l9es1 ( :i* #ii are ?us v>i$1 & #aag are full anape/ics4 ,,obs4 #h4--,! mak]s ( s*ool-books are q z apt to copy blund]s1 z to orig9ate !m2 &1 :5 an error is once />t$ 9 a gramm>1 z x passes ) ! us] = good le>n+1 no "o c guess :]e x w /op4 ,x seems wor? :ile1 !re=e1 9 a "w ( ?is nature1 to be lib]al 9 ! citation ( su* faults z h l9k$ !mselves1 f "t to "t1 ) ! sev]al topics ( our great subject4 ,x is n probable1 t ! false scansion j criticis$ orig9at$ ) ,blair2 = ! ,compreh5sive ,gramm>1 a ,briti% "w1 republi%$ 9 its ?ird edition1 by ,dobson1 ( ,philadelphia1 9 #aghi1 tea*es ! same doctr9e1 ?us3 ,dactylic measure may consi/ ( "o1 two1 or ?ree ,dactyls1 introduc$ by a feeble syllable1 & t]m9at$ by a /rong "o2 z1 ,my de> ,iri% folks1 ,come leave (f your jokes1 ,& buy up my halfpence so fine2 ,so fair & so bright1 ,?ey'll give you de -light3 ,ob -serve how ?ey gli/er & %ine4 ,,swift4 ,a cobler ?ere wz & he liv'd 9 a /all1 ,:i* serv'd him for kit*en1 for parlour & hall2 ,no co9 9 his pocket1 no care 9 his pate2 ,no am -bxion he had1 & no duns at his gate4 --,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,to ?is1 ! au?or adds1 ,dactylic measure becomes ,anape/ic by sett+ (f an ,iambic foot 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! l9e4--,ib4 ,^! v]ses1 all b ! la/ "o1 unque/ionably h an iambic foot at ! beg9n+2 &1 = t reason1 !y are n1 & by no measurem5t c be1 dactylics4 ,! la/ "o is purely anape/ic4 ,all ! divisional b>s1 9 ei!r example1 are plac$ wrong4 ,,ord] ,v4--,,composite ,,v]se4 ,composite v]se is t :i* consi/s ( v>i\s metres1 or diff]5t feet1 comb9$1--n accid5tally1 or promiscu\sly1 b by design1 & ) "s regul>ity4 ,9 ,composite v]se1 ( any =m1 ! /ress mu/ be laid rhy?mically1 z 9 ! simple ord]s1 else ! composition w be no?+ bett] ?an unnatural prose4 ,! possible v>iety ( comb9ations 9 ?is sort ( numb]s is unlimit$2 b1 ! pure & simple k9ds be+ g5]ally pref]r$1 any /at$ mixture ( feet is comp>atively uncommon4 ,c]ta9 =ms :i* may be scann$ by o!r me?ods1 are susceptible also ( division z ,composites4 ,h5ce !re _c be an exact enum]ation ( ! measures ( ?is ord]1 b in/ances1 z !y occur1 may be cit$ to exemplify x4 ,example ,i4--,f ,swift's ,iri% ,fea/4 ,o',r\rk's noble f>e w ne'er be =got1 ,by ^? :o 7 !re1 or ^? :o 7 n4 ,8 rev -els to keep1 we sup & we d9e ,on sev -en score %eep1 fat bul -locks1 & sw9e4 ,usquebaugh to our fea/ 9 pails 0 br\ght up1 ,an hun -dr$ at lea/1 & a mad -d] our cup4 ,o !re is ! sport6 we rise ) ! light1 ,9 disor -d]ly sort1 f snor -+ all night4 ,o h[ 0 ,i trick'd6 my pipe x 0 broke1 ,my pock -et 0 pick'd1 ,i lo/ my new cloak4 ,i'm ri -fl$1 quo? ,nell1 ( man -tle & k]* -er3 ,:y !n f>e !m well1 ! de'il take ! se>* -er4 ,johnson's ,works ( ! ,poets1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #caj4 ,"h ! measure is tetramet]2 & x seems to h be5 ! design ( ! poet1 t ea* hemi/i* %\ld consi/ ( "o iamb & "o anape/4 ,su*1 ) a few exceptions1 is ! arrangem5t ?r\gh\t ! piece2 b ! hemi/i*s :i* h d\ble rhyme1 may ea* be divid$ into two amphibra*s4 ,9 ,ev]ett's ,v]sification1 at p4 #ajj1 ! fir/ six l9es ( ?is example are brok5 into twelve1 & set 9 ?ree /anzas1 be+ giv5 to exemplify ,! ,l9e ( a s+le ,anape/ prec$$ by an ,iambus1 or :at he improp]ly calls ,! fir/ & %orte/ species ( ,anape/ic l9es4 ,8 o!r in/ance ( ! same metre is also ,composite v]se1 r ?an ,anape/ic1 ev5 by 8 own %[+4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 says he1 we h ?is measure alt]nat+ ) ,amphibra*ic l9es3 ,example ,,ii4--,f ,byron's ,manfr$4 ,! ,captive ,usurp]1 ,hurl'd d[n f ! ?rone4 ,lay buri$ 9 torpor1 ,=gott5 & lone2 ,i broke ?r\gh 8 slumb]s1 ,i %iv -er'd 8 *a91 ,i leagu$ him ) numb]s-- ,he's ,ty -rant aga96 ,) ! blood ( a mill -ion he'll an -sw] my c>e1 ,) a na -tion's de/ruc -tion--8 flight & despair4 --,act ii1 ,sc4 #c4 ,"h ! la/ two l9es1 :i* are n cit$ by ,ev]ett1 are pure anape/ic tetramet]s2 & x may be obs]v$1 t1 if ea* two ( ! %ort l9es 7 pr9t$ z "o1 ! eight :i* are "h scann$ o!rwise1 w\ld become f\r ( ! same sort1 except t ^! w\ld ea* beg9 ) an iambus4 ,h5ce ! specim5 s\nds ess5tially z anape/ic v]se4 ,example ,,iii4--,woman on ! ,field ( ,battle4 ,g5tle & lovely =m1 ,:at did/ ?\ "h1 ,:5 ! fi]ce battle /orm ,bore d[n ! spe>8 ,bann] & %iv]'d cre/1 ,beside !e /r[n1 ,tell t a -mid/ ! be/ ,?y "w 0 done6 ,l[ lies ! /ately head1 ,e>?-b\nd ! free3 ,h[ gave ^? haughty dead ,a place to !e8 ,slumb'r]6 ?9e e>ly bi] ,fri5ds %\ld h cr[n'd1 ,_m a fl['r & te> ,%$d+ ar\nd4 ,s(t voices1 de> & "y1 ,m+l+ _! swell1 ,%\ld o'er ?y du/ h sung ,e>?'s la/ f>ewell4 ,si/]s a -bove ! grave ,( ?y repose ,%\ld h bid vi'lets wave ,) ! :ite rose4 ,n[ mu/ ! trumpet's note4 ,savage & %rill1 ,= requi'm o'er !e float1 ,?\ fair & /ill6 ,& ! swift *>g] sweep1 ,9 full c>e]1 ,trampl+ ?y place ( sleep-- ,:y cam'/ ?\ "h8 ,:y8--,ask ! true he>t :y ,woman ha? be5 ,ev]1 :]e brave m5 die1 ,un%r9k -+ se54 ,unto ?is h>ve/ gr\nd1 ,pr\d reap -ers came1 ,"s = t /irr+ s\nd1 ,a w>r -ior's "n3 ,"s = ! /ormy play1 ,& joy ( /rife1 ,& "s to fl+ away ,a wea -ry life4 ,b ?\1 pale sleep]1 ?\1 ,) ! slight frame1 ,& ! ri* locks1 ^: gl[ ,dea? c -n tame2 ,only "o ?\ght1 "o p['r1 ,!e c\ld h l$1 ,s ?r\gh ! tempe/'s h\r ,to lift ?y head6 ,only ! true1 ! /rong1 ,! love ^: tru/ ,woman's deep s\l too long ,p\rs on ! du/4 ,,hemans3 ,poetical ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aeg4 ,"h are f\rte5 /anzas ( composite dimet]1 ea* hav+ two sorts ( l9es2 ! fir/ sort consi/+1 ) a few exceptions1 ( a dactyl & an amphimac2 ! second1 mo/ly1 ( two iambs2 b1 9 "s in/ances1 ( a tro*ee & an iamb2--! latt] be+1 9 su* a connexion1 mu* ! m h>moni\s & agreeable comb9ation ( quantities4 ,example ,,iv4--,airs f a ,s]5ata4 ,air #a4 ,love s\nds ! al>m1 ,& fe> is a-fly+2 ,:5 beau -ty's ! prize1 ,:at mor -tal fe>s dy -+8 ,9 def5ce ( my treas -ure1 ,i'd ble$ at ea* ve92 ,)\t h] no pleas -ure2 ,= life is a pa94 ,air #b4 ,consid -er1 fond %ep -herd1 ,h[ fleet -+'s ! pleas -ure1 ,t flat -t]s our hopes ,9 pursuit ( ! fair3 ,! joys t att5d x1 ,by mo -m5ts we meas -ure2 ,b life is too lit -tle ,to meas -ure our c>e4 ,,gay',s ,,poems3 ,johnson's ,works ( ! ,poets1 ,vo,l vii1 p4 #cgh4 ,^! v]ses are ess5tially ei!r anape/ic or amphibra*ic4 ,! anape/ divides two ( !m 9 ! middle2 ! amphibra* w s divide eight4 ,b ei!r division w give _m iambs4 ,by ! pres5t scansion1 ! fir/ foot is an iamb 9 all ( !m b ! two anape/ics4 ,example ,v4--,! ,la/ ,leaf4 #a4 ,i saw him once be=e ,z he pass -ed by ! door1 ,& aga9 ,! pave -m5t /ones res\nd ,z he tot -t]s o'er ! gr\nd ,) 8 cane4 #b4 ,!y say t 9 8 prime1 ,ere ! prun -+ knife ( ,"t ,cut him d[n1 ,n a bet -t] man 0 f\nd ,by ! cri -er on 8 r\nd ,?r\gh ! t[n4 #c4 ,b n[ he walks ! /reets1 ,& he looks at all he meets ,s =lorn2 ,& he %akes 8 fee -ble head1 ,t x seems z if he said1 ,!y are gone4 #d4 ,! mos -sy m> -bles re/ ,on ! lips t he has press'd ,9 _! bloom2 ,& ! names he lov'd to he> ,h be5 c>v'd = man -y a ye> ,on ! tomb4 #e4 ,my gr& -mamma has said1-- ,poor old ,la -dy6 %e is dead ,long ago1-- ,t he _h a ,ro -man nose1 ,& 8 *eek 0 l a rose ,9 ! sn[4 #f4 ,b n[ 8 nose is ?91 ,& x re/s ^u 8 *9 ,l a /aff2 ,& a crook is 9 8 back ,& a mel -an*ol -y crack ,9 8 laugh4 #g4 ,i "k x is a s9 ,= me ?us to sit & gr9 ,at him "h2 ,b ! old ?ree-cor -n]'d hat1 ,& ! bree* -es1 & all t1 ,are s que]6 #h4 ,& if ,i %\ld live to be ,! la/ leaf ^u ! tree ,9 ! spr+1-- ,let !m smile1 z ,i d n[1 ,at ! old =sak -en b\gh ,:]e ,i cl+4 ,,oliv] ,w4 ,,holmes3 ,! ,pione]1 #ahdc1 p4 #ajh4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,composite v]se1 especially if ! l9es be %ort1 is peculi>ly liable to unc]ta9ty1 & div]sity ( scansion2 & t :i* does n always abide by "o *os5 ord] ( quantities1 c sc>cely be f\nd agreeable2 x mu/ be m apt to puzzle ?an to please ! read]4 ,! eight /anzas ( ?is la/ example1 h eight l9es ( iambic trimet]2 &1 s9ce sev5 times 9 eight1 ?is metre holds ! fir/ place 9 ! /anza1 x is a d\ble fault1 t "o su* l9e seems /ray$ f its prop] position4 ,x w\ld be bett] to prefix ! ^w ,n[ to ! f\r? l9e1 & to m5d ! =ty-?ird ?us3-- ,& %\ld ,i live to be-- ,! trissyllabic feet ( ?is piece1 z ,i scan x1 are num]\s2 be+ ! sixte5 %ort l9es ( monomet]1 & ! tw5ty-f\r initial feet ( ! l9es ( sev5 syllables4 ,e "o ( ! =ty--7except ! ?irty-six?1 ,! la/ leaf--7 beg9s ) a monosyllable :i* may be v>i$ 9 quantity2 s t1 ) /ress laid on ?is monosyllable1 ! foot becomes an amphimac2 )\t su* /ress1 an anape/4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,i incl9e to read ?is piece z compos$ ( iambs & anape/s2 b ,e4 ,a4 ,poe1 :o has comm5d$ ! effective h>mony ( ^! l9es1 & call$ ! example an excell5tly well conceiv$ & well manag$ specim5 ( v]sification1 c\nts _m syllables long1 :i* su* a read+ makes %ort1 & he also divides all b ! iambics 9 a way q diff]5t f m9e1 ?us3 ,let u scan ! fir/ /anza4 ',i saw him once before ,z he passed by ?e door1 ,& a- ga9 ,?e pave- ment /ones resound ,z he totters o'er ?e ground ,wi? his cane4' ,?is1 says he1 is ! g5]al scansion ( ! poem4 ,we h fir/ ?ree iambuses4 ,! second l9e %ifts ! rhy?m into ! tro*aic1 giv+ u ?ree tro*ees1 ) a csura equival5t1 9 ?is case1 to a tro*ee4 ,! ?ird l9e is a tro*ee & equival5t csura4--,,poe',s ,,notes ,,^u ,,engli% ,,v]se3 ,pione]1 p4 #aji4 ,^! quantities are ! same z ^? by :i* ! :ole piece is made to consi/ ( iambs & amphimacs4 ,,obs4 #c4--;,9 its rhy?mical effect ^u ! e>1 a sup]num]>y %ort syllable at ! end ( a l9e1 may sometimes1 p]haps1 comp5sate = ! want ( su* a syllable at ! beg9n+ ( ! next l9e1 z may be se5 9 ! f\r? example above2 b /ill x is unusual1 & seems improp]1 to suppose su* syllables to belong to ! scansion ( ! subsequ5t l9e2 = ! division ( l9es1 ) _! h>monic pauses1 is great] ?an ! division ( feet1 & implies t no foot c ev] actually be split by x4 ,poe has sugge/$ t ! division into l9es may be disreg>d$ 9 scann+1 & sometimes mu/ be4 ,he cites = an example ! beg9n+ ( ,byron's ,bride ( ,abydos1--a passage :i* has be5 admir$ = its easy fl[1 & :i*1 he says1 has greatly puzzl$ ^? :o h attempt$ to scan x4 ,reg>d+ x z ess5tially anape/ic tetramet]1 yet z hav+ "s initial iambs1 & ! fir/ & fif? l9es dactylic1 ,i %all "h divide x accord+ly1 ?us3-- ,know ye ?e l& :ere ?e cypress & myrtle ,are em -blems ( de$s ?at are d"o 9 ?eir clime-- ,:]e ! rage ( ! vul -ture1 ! love ( ! tur -tle1 ,n[ melt into s(t -ness1 n[ mad -d5 to crime8 ,"k ye ! l& ( ! c$> & v9e4 ,:]e ! fl['rs ev] blos -som1 ! beams ev] %9e1 ,& ! light w+s ( ,zeph -yr1 oppress'd ) p]fume1 ,wax fa9t o'er ! g> -d5s ( ,gul 9 h] bloom8 ,:]e ! cit -ron & ol -ive are fair -e/ ( fruit1 ,& ! voice ( ! night -+ale nev -er is mute8 ,:]e ! vir -g9s are s(t z ! ros -es !y tw9e1 ,& all1 save ! spir -x ( man1 is div9e8 ',tis ! l& ( ! ,ea/- 't is ! clime ( ! ,sun-- ,c he smile on su* de$s z 8 *il -dr5 h done8 ,oh1 wild z ! ac -c5ts ( lov -ers' f>ewell1 ,are ! he>ts t !y be>1 & ! tales t !y tell4 ,,obs4 #d4--,^! l9es ?is +5i\s prosodi/ divides n ?us1 b1 ?r[+ !m toge!r l prose unpunctuat$1 f9ds 9 !m a regul> succession ( dactylic rhy?ms1 v>i$ only at ?ree po9ts by equival5t spondees1 & sep>at$ into two di/9ct divisions by equival5t t]m9at+ csuras4 ,he imag9es t1 ,by all :o h e>s--n ov] long--?is w be ackn[l$g$ z ! true & ! sole true scansion4--,e4 ,a4 ,poe3 ,pione]1 p4 #ajg4 ,s x may1 = aught ,i "k2 b1 hav+ d>$ to %[ !re is an o!r way q z simple & pla91 & less objectionable1 ,i submit bo? to ! judgem5t ( ! read]3-- ,know ye ?e l& :ere ?e cypress & myrtle are emblems ( de$s ?at are d"o 9 ?eir clime :ere ?e rage ( ?e vulture ?e love ( ?e turtle now melt into s(tness now madden to crime4 ,know ye ?e l& ( ?e cedar & vine :ere ?e flow'rs ever blossom ?e beams ever %ine :ere ?e light w+s ( zephyr op -press'd wi? per -fume wax fa9t o'er ?e gardens ( ,gul 9 her bloom :ere ?e citron & olive are faire/ ( fruit & ?e voice ( ?e night+ale never is mute :ere ?e virgins are s(t z ?e roses ?ey twine & all save ?e spirx ( man is di- vine 'tis ?e l& ( ?e ,ea/ 'tis ?e clime ( ?e ,sun can he smile on su* de$s z his *ildren have d"o oh wild z ?e accents ( lovers' fare- well are ?e he>ts ?at ?ey bear & ?e tales ?at ?ey tell4--,ib4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,9 ! sum & proportion ( _! quantities1 ! anape/1 ! dactyl1 & ! amphibra*1 are equal1 ea* hav+ two syllables %ort to "o long2 &1 ) two %ort quantities betwe5 two long ones1 l9es may be tol]ably accordant 9 rhy?m1 ?\gh ! ord]1 at ! comm5cem5t1 be v>i$1 & _! numb] ( syllables be n equal4 ,( ! foll[+ sixte5 l9es1 n9e are pure anape/ic tetramet]s2 "o may be reckon$ dactylic1 b x may q z well be said to h a tro*ee1 an iambus1 & two anape/s or two amphimacs2 "o is a spondee & ?ree anape/s2 & ! re/ may be scann$ z amphibra*ics end+ ) an iambus1 b are m prop]ly anape/ics comm5c+ ) an iambus4 ,l ! prec$+ example f ,byron1 !y lack ! uni=mity ( prop] composites1 & are r to be reg>d$ z anape/ics irregul>ly div]sifi$4 ,,! ,,albatross4 ',tis said ! ,albatross nev] re/s4--,buffon4 ,:ere ?e fa? -omless waves 9 magnif -ic5ce toss1 ,homeless & high so>s ! wild ,albatross2 ,unwea -ri$1 undaunt -ed1 un%r9k -+1 alone1 ,! o -cean 8 em -pire1 ! tem -pe/ 8 ?rone4 ,:5 ! t] -rible :irl -w9d raves wild o'er ! surge1 ,& ! hur -ricane h[ls out ! m> -in]'s dirge1 ,9 ?y glo -ry ?\ spurn -e/ ! d>k -heav+ sea1 ,proud bird ( ! o -cean-_w1 home -less & free4 ,:5 ! w9ds are at re/1 & ! sun 9 8 gl[1 ,& ! glit -t]+ tide sleeps 9 beau -ty bel[1 ,9 ! pride ( ?y p[ -er trium -phant above1 ,) ?y mate ?\ art hold -+ ?y rev -els ( love4 ,untir -ed1 unfet -t]$1 unwat*$1 unconf9$1 ,be my spir -x l !e1 9 ! _w ( ! m9d2 ,no lean -+ = e>?1 e'er to wea -ry its flight1 ,& fre% z ?y p9 -ions 9 re -gions ( light4 ,,samuel ,,daly ,,langtree3 ,nor? ,am]ican ,read]1 p4 #ddc4 ,,obs4 #f4--;,x appe>s t ! mo/ not$ measures ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 poets 7 n ( any simple ord]1 b ei!r composites1 or mixtures too v>i\s to be call$ composites4 ,x is n to be d5i$1 t we h mu* difficulty 9 read+ !m rhy?mically1 accord+ to _! /at$ feet & scansion2 & s we %\ld h1 9 read+ our own language rhy?mically1 9 any simil> succession ( feet4 ,notic+ ?is 9 respect to ! ,lat9 ,hexamet]1 or ,h]oic v]se1 ,poe says1 ,n[ ! discrepancy 9 "q is n obs]vable 9 ,engli% metres2 :]e ! scansion co9cides ) ! read+1 s f> z ! rhy?m is conc]n$--t is to say1 if we pay no att5tion to ! s5se ( ! passage4 ,b ^! facts indicate a radical diff]5ce 9 ! g5ius ( ! two languages1 z reg>ds _! capacity = modulation4 ,9 tru?1 99 99 99 ! ,lat9 is a f> m /ately tongue ?an our own4 ,x is ess5tially spondaic2 ! ,engli% is z ess5tially dactylic4--,pione]1 p4 #aaj4 7,see ! m>g9al note 9 #c;d4 at ,obs4 #bb;d1 above47 ,not)/&+ ?is diff]5ce1 discrepance1 or difficulty1 :atev] x may be1 "s ( our poets h1 9 a few in/ances1 attempt$ imitations ( c]ta9 ,lat9 metres2 :i* imitations x may be prop] briefly to notice "u ! pres5t head4 ,! ,greek or ,lat9 ,hexamet] l9e has1 ( c\rse1 six feet1 or pulsations4 ,accord+ to ! ,prosodies1 ! fir/ f\r ( ^! may be ei!r dactyls or spondees2 ! fif? is always1 or ne>ly always1 a dactyl2 & ! six?1 or la/1 is always a spondee3 z1 ,ludere qu vel -lem cala -mo per -misx a -gre/i4--,virg4 ,infan- dum1 ,re -g9a1 ju -bes reno -vare do -lorem4--,id4 ,( ?is sort ( v]se1 9 ,engli%1 somebody has fram$ ! foll[+ v fair example3-- ,man is a complex1 compound compo/1 yet is he ,god-born4 ,,obs4 #g4--,( ?is species ( v]sification1 :i* may be call$ ,mix$ or ,composite ,hexamet]1 ! mo/ consid]able specim5 t ,i h se5 9 ,engli%1 is ,longfell['s ,evangel9e1 a poem ( "o ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & eighty-two ( ^! long l9es1 or v]ses4 ,?is "w has f\nd admir]s1 & n a few2 =1 ( ^!1 no?+ writt5 by s di/+ui%$ a s*ol> c\ld fail3 b1 surely1 n _m ( ! v]ses 9 "q exhibit truly ! feet ( ! anci5t ,hexamet]s2 or1 if !y d1 ! anci5ts cont5t$ !mselves ) v imp]fect rhy?ms1 ev5 9 _! noble/ h]oics4 ,9 %ort1 ,i incl9e to ! op9ion ( ,poe1 t1 ,no?+ less ?an ! des]v$ly high reputation ( ,pr(essor ,longfell[1 c\ld h suffic$ to give curr5cy to 8 l9es z to ,greek ,hexamet]s4 ,9 g5]al1 !y are nei!r "o ?+ nor ano!r4 ,"s few ( !m are dactylic v]ses--,engli% dactylics4 ,b d away ) ! division into l9es1 & ! mo/ a/ute critic w\ld nev] h suspect$ !m ( any ?+ m ?an prose4--,pione]1 p4 #aaa4 ,! foll[+ are ! la/ t5 l9es ( ! volume1 ) su* a division into feet z ! poet is presum$ to h contemplat$3-- ,/ill /&s ! =e/ pri -meval2 b "u ! %ade ( its bran*es ,dwells an -o!r race1 ) o!r cu/oms & language4 ,only a -long ! %ore ( ! m\rnful & mi/y ,at -lantic ,l+] a few ,a -cadian peasants1 ^: fa!rs f exile ,w&]$ back to _! native l& to die 9 its bosom4 ,9 ! fi%]man's cot ! :eel & ! loom are /ill busy2 ,maid5s /ill we> _! ,norman caps & _! kirtles ( homespun1 ,& by ! ev5+ fire re -peat ,e -vangel9e's /ory1 ,:ile f its rocky cav]ns ! deep-voic$1 neighb\r+ ocean ,speaks1 & 9 acc5ts dis -consolate answ]s ! wail ( ! =e/4 ,,h5ry ,w4 ,,longfell[3 ,evangel9e1 p4 #afb4 ,,obs4 #h4--;,an o!r =m ( v]se1 common to ! ,greeks & ,romans1 :i* has sometimes be5 imitat$--or1 r1 :i* "s writ]s h attempt$ to imitate--9 ,engli%1 is ! l9e or /anza call$ ,sapphic1 f ! inv5tress1 ,sappho1 a ,greek poetess4 ,! ,sapphic v]se1 accord+ to ,fabricius1 ,smetius1 & all good au?orities1 has elev5 syllables1 mak+ five feet--! fir/ a tro*ee1 ! second a spondee1 ! ?ird a dactyl1 & ! f\r? & fif? tro*ees4 ,! ,sapphic /anza1 or :at is sometimes s call$1 consi/s ( ?ree ,sapphic l9es & an ,adonian1 or ,adonic1--?is la/ be+ a %ort l9e compos$ ( a dactyl & a spondee4 ,example f ,horace3-- ,inte -ger vi -t1 scele -risque puru ,non e -get ,mau -ri jacu -lis ne -qu' arcu1 ,nec v5 -ena -tis gravi -d sa -gittis1 ,fusce1 pha -retra4 ,to arrange elev5 syllables 9 a l9e1 & h half or m ( !m to =m tro*ees1 is no difficult matt]2 b1 to f9d rhy?m 9 ! succession ( a tro*ee1 a spondee1 & a dactyl1 z we read words1 seems h>dly practicable4 ,h5ce few are ! ,engli% ,sapphics1 if !re be any1 :i* abide by ! =ego+ =mule ( quantities & feet4 ,^? :i* ,i h se51 are g5]ally1 if n 9 e in/ance1 susceptible ( a m natural scansion z be+ compos$ ( tro*ees1 ) a dactyl1 or "s o!r foot ( ?ree syllables1 at ! beg9n+ ( ea* l9e4 ,! csural pause falls sometimes aft] ! f\r? syllable1 b m g5]ally1 & mu* m agreeably1 aft] ! fif?4 ,let ! read] inspect ! foll[+ example1 & see if he d n agree ) me 9 lay+ ! acc5t on only ! fir/ syllable ( ea* foot1 z ! feet are "h divid$4 ,! acc5t1 too1 mu/ be c>efully laid4 ,)\t consid]able c>e 9 ! read+1 ! he>] w n suppose ! composition to be any ?+ b prose3-- ,,! ,,wid[4--7,,9 ,,sapphics47 ,cold 0 ! night-w9d1 drift+ fa/ ! sn[ fell1 ,wide 7 ! d[ns1 & %elt] -less & nak$1 ,:5 a poor ,w&]] /ruggl$ on h] j\rney1 ,we>y & way-sore4 ,dre> 7 ! d[ns1 m dre>y h] re -flections2 ,cold 0 ! night-w9d1 cold] 0 h] bosom2 ,%e _h no home1 ! _w 0 all be -=e h]2 ,%e _h no %elt]4 ,fa/ o'er ! hea? a *>iot rattlee by h]2 ',pity me6' feebly cri$ ! lonely w&]]2 ',pity me1 /rang]s6 le/1 ) cold & hung]1 ,"h ,i %\ld p]i%4 ',once ,i _h fri5ds1--?\gh n[ by all = -sak56 ',once ,i _h p>5ts1 --!y are n[ 9 heav56 ',i _h a home once1 --,i _h once a husb&-- ,pity me1 /rang]s6 ',i _h a home once1 --,i _h once a husb&-- ',i am a wid[1 poor & brok5 -he>t$6' ,l\d blew ! w9d2 un -he>d 0 h] com -pla9+2 ,on drove ! *>iot4 ,!n on ! sn[ %e laid h] d[n to re/ h]2 ,%e he>d a horseman2 ',pity me6' %e groan'd out2 ,l\d 0 ! w9d2 un -he>d 0 h] com -pla9+2 ,on w5t ! horseman4 ,worn out ) angui%1 toil1 & cold1 & hung]1 ,d[n sunk ! ,w&]]2 sleep _h seiz$ h] s5ses2 ,!re did ! travell] f9d h] 9 ! morn+2 ,god _h re -leas$ h]4 ,,rob]t ,,s\!y3 ,poems1 ,philad41 #ahdc1 p4 #bea4 ,among ! lyric poems ( ,dr4 ,watts1 is "o1 entitl$1 ,,! ,,day ,,( ,,judgem5t2 an ,ode attempt$ 9 ,engli% ,sapphic4 ,x is p]haps z good an example z we h ( ! species4 ,x consi/s ( n9e /anzas1 ( :i* ,i %all "h cite ! fir/ ?ree1 divid+ !m into feet z above3-- ,:5 ! fi]ce ,nor? ,w9d1 ) 8 airy =ces1 ,re>s up ! ,baltic to a foam+ fury2 ,& ! r$ lightn+ ) a /orm ( hail comes ,ru%+ a -ma9 d[n2 ,h[ ! poor sailors /& a -maz'd & tremble6 ,:ile ! ho>se ?und]1 l a bloody trumpet1 ,ro>s a l\d onset to ! gap+ wat]s1 ,quick to de -v\r !m4 ,su* %all ! noise be1 & ! wild dis -ord]1 7,if ?+s e -t]nal may be l ^! e>?ly17 ,su* ! dire t]ror1 :5 ! great ,ar* -angel ,%akes ! cre -ation4--,hor ,lyric1 p4 #fg4 ,^! l9es1 says ,humphrey1 :o _h cit$ ! fir/ f\r1 are good ,engli% ,sapphics1 & conta9 ! ess5tial traits ( ! orig9al z ne>ly z ! two languages1 ,greek & ,engli%1 correspond to ea* o!r4 ,?is /anza1 toge!r ) ! poem1 f :i* ?is 0 tak51 may /& = a model1 9 our ,engli% compositions4--,humphrey's ,e4 ,prosody1 p4 #ai4 ,?is au?or errone\sly suppos$1 t ! trissyllabic foot1 9 any l9e ( ! ,sapphic /anza1 mu/ occupy ! second place3 &1 judg+ ( ! anci5t feet & quantities by :at he f\nd1 or suppos$ he f\nd1 9 ! ,engli% imitations1 & n by :at ! anci5t prosodi/s say ( !m1 yet kn[+ t ! anci5t & ! mod]n ,sapphics are 9 sev]al respects unlike1 he pres5t$ =ms ( scansion = bo?1 :i* are n only peculi> to himself1 b n well adapt$ to ei!r4 ,we h1 says he1 no e/abli%$ rule = ?is k9d ( v]se1 9 our ,engli% compositions1 :i* has be5 uni=mly adh]$ to4 ,! rule = :i*1 9 ,greek & ,lat9 v]se1 z f> z ,i c asc]ta91 0 ?is3 a tro*ee1 a moloss1 a pyrrhic1 a tro*ee1 & a spondee2 & sometimes1 occasionally1 a tro*ee1 in/ead ( a spondee1 at ! end4 ,b z our language is n fav\rable to ! use ( ! spondee & moloss1 ! moloss is seldom or nev] us$ 9 our ,engli% ,sapphics2 b1 in/ead ( :i*1 "s o!r trissyllable foot is us$4 ,also1 in/ead ( ! spondee1 a tro*ee is commonly us$2 & sometimes a tro*ee in/ead ( ! pyrrhic1 9 ! ?ird place4 ,z "s prescrib$ rule1 or model = imitation1 may be necess>y1 9 ?is case1 ,i w cite a /anza f "o ( our be/ ,engli% poets1 :i* may s]ve = a model4 ',:en ?e fierce nor?-wind1 wi? his airy forces 1 ,re>s up ?e ,baltic to a foam+ fury2 ,& ?e red lightn+ wi? a /orm ( hail comes ,ru%+ ama9 down4'--,watts4--,ib41 p4 #ai4 ,,obs4 #ab4--;,9 ! ,works ( ,george ,cann+1 a small book publi%$ 9 #ahbi1 !re is a poetical dialogue ( n9e /anzas1 entitl$1 ,! ,fri5d ( ,humanity & ! ,knife-,gr9d]1 said to be a burlesque on ,mr4 ,s\!y's ,sapphics4 ,! metre appe>s to be ne> en\gh l to ! =ego+4 ,b ^! v]ses ,i divide1 z ,i h divid$ ! o!rs1 into tro*ees ) initial dactyls4 ,at ! comm5cem5t1 ! lucki] p>ty salutes ! o!r ?us3-- ',ne$y knife -gr9d]6 :i!r are y go+8 ,r\gh is ! road1 y\r :eel is out ( ord]-- ,bleak bl[s ! bla/2--y\r hat has got a hole 9't1 ,s h y\r bree*es6 ',we>y knife -gr9d]6 little ?9k ! pr\d ones ,:o 9 _! coa*es roll a -long ! turnpike-- ,road1 :at h>d "w 'tis1 cry+ all day1 ',knives & ,scissors to gr9d ,o6'--,p4 #dd4 ,,obs4 #ac4--;,among ! humor\s poems ( ,?omas ,gre5 ,fess5d51 publi%$ "u ! sobriquet ( ,dr4 ,cau/ic1 or ,*ri/oph] ,cau/ic1 ,m4 ,d41 may be se5 an o!r comical example ( ,sapphics1 :i* ext5ds to elev5 /anzas4 ,x describes a contra-dance1 & is entitl$1 ,horace ,surpass$4 ,! conclusion is z foll[s3-- ,willy ,wagnimble danc+ ) ,flirtilla1 ,almo/ z light z air-balloon inflat$1 ,rigadoons ar\nd h]1 'till ! lady's he>t is ,=c$ to surr5d]4 ,b5ny ,bamboozle cuts ! drolle/ cap]s1 ,j l a camel1 or a hippopot'mus2 ,jolly ,jack ,jumble makes z big a r\t z ,=ty ,dut* horses4 ,see ,angel9a lead ! mazy dance d[n2 ,nev] did fairy trip x s fanta/ic2 ,h[ my he>t flutt]s1 :ile my tongue pron\nces1 ',sweet little s]aph6' ,su* are ! joys t fl[ f contra-danc+1 ,pure z ! primal happ9ess ( ,ed51 ,love1 mir?1 & music1 k9dle 9 accordance ,raptures extatic4--,poems1 p4 #bjh4 ,,section ,v4--,,oral ,,ex]cises4 ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction4 ,,false ,,prosody1 ,,or ,,errors ,,( ,,metre4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,re/ore ,,! ,,rhy?m4 ,! lion is laid d[n 9 8 lair4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,,=mule4--,n prop]1 because ! ^w lion1 "h put = ,c[p]'s ^w bea/ de/roys ! metre1 & *anges ! l9e to prose4 ,b1 accord+ to ! def9ition giv5 on p4 #hbg1 ,v]se1 9 opposition to prose1 is language arrang$ into metrical l9es ( "s det]m9ate l5g? & rhy?m--language s ord]$ z to produce h>mony by a due succession ( poetic feet4 ,?is l9e 0 compos$ ( "o iamb & two anape/s2 &1 to su* =m1 x %\ld be re/or$1 ?us3 ,! bea/ is laid d[n 9 8 lair4--,c[p]'s ,poems1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bja4 ,:]e is ?y true treasure8 ,gold says1 n 9 me4 --,hallock's ,gram41 #ahdb1 p4 #ff4 ,can/ ?\ gr[ sad1 ?\ saye/1 z e>? gr[s bright8 --,frazee's ,gram41 #ahde1 p4 #adj4 ,x mu/ be s1 ,plato1 ?\ reasone/ well4 --,wells's ,gram41 #ahdf1 p4 #abb4 ,sl[ rises m]it1 :5 by pov]ty depress$4 --,ib41 p4 #aie2 ,hiley1 #acb2 ,h>t1 #agi4 ,rapt 9 future times1 ! b>d begun4 --,wells's ,gram41 #ahdf1 p4 #aec4 ,is !re n ra9 en\gh 9 ! sweet heav5s ,to wa% x :ite z sn[8 ,:]eunto s]ves m]cy1 ,b to confront ! visage ( (f5ce6 --,hallock's ,gram41 #ahdb1 p4 #aah4 ,look6 9 ?is place ran ,cassius's dagg] ?r\gh4 --,kames1 ,el4 ( ,cr41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #gd4 ----,:5 !y li/ _! lean & fla%y songs1 ,h>% grate on _! scrannel pipes ( wret*$ /raw4 --,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #ace4 ,did n great ,julius ble$ = ju/ice's sake8 --,dodd's ,beauties ( ,%ak41 p4 #bec4 ,did n great ,julius ble$ = ju/ice sake8 --,s+]'s ,%akspe>e1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bff4 ,may ,i1 unblam'd1 express !e8 ,s9ce ,god is light4 --,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bij4 ,or he>e/ ?\1 r1 pure e!real /ream6 --#b;d ,p]v]sion1 ib4 ,republics2 k+doms2 empires1 may decay2 ,pr9ces1 h]oes1 sages1 s9k to n\ght4 --,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bhg4 ,?\ br+e/1 gay creature z ?\ art1 ,a solemn image to my he>t4 --,e4 ,j4 ,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #aig4 ,"k ?yself presume n ,god to scan2 ,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is ,man4 --,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bhe4 ,rais$ on a hundr$ pila/]s ( gold4 --,*>lemagne1 ,c4 i1 ,/4 #dj4 ,love 9 ,adalgise's brea/ has fix$ 8 /+4 --,ib41 ,c4 i1 ,/4 #cj4 ,?irty days ha? ,septemb]1 ,april1 ,june1 & ,novemb]1 ,febru>y tw5ty-eight alone1 ,all ! re/ ?irty & "o4 ,colet's ,gramm>1 or ,paul's ,accid5ce4 ,lond41 #agic1 p4 #ge4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,re/ore ,,! ,,rhy?m4 ',twas n ! fame ( :at he once _h be51 ,or tales 9 old records & annals se54 --,r[e's ,lucan1 ,b4 i1 l4 #bgd4 ,& ,asia n[ & ,afric are explor'd1 ,= high-pric$ da9ties1 & citron bo>d4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 i1 l4 #caa4 ,:o kn[s n1 h[ ! trembl+ judge beheld ,! peaceful c\rt ) arm'd legions fill'd8 --,eng4 ,poets2 ib41 ,b4 i1 l4 #egh4 ,) !e ! ,scy?ian wilds we'll w&] o'er1 ,) !e burn+ ,libyan s&s explore4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 i1 l4 #ffa4 ,ha/y & headlong diff]5t pa?s !y tread1 ,z bl9d impulse & wild di/raction lead4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 i1 l4 #heh4 ,b ,fate res]v'd to p]=m its doom1 ,& be ! m9i/] ( wra? to ,rome4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #acf4 ,?us spoke ! y\?4 ,:5 ,cato ?us expre/ ,! sacr$ c\nsels ( 8 mo/ inmo/ brea/4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #dce4 ,^! 7 ! /rict mann]s ( ! man1 ,& ?is ! /ubborn c\rse 9 :i* !y ran2 ,! gold5 mean un*ang+ to pursue1 ,con/ant to keep ! propos$ end 9 view4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #ehj4 ,:at great] grief c a ,roman seize1 ,?an to be =c'd to live on t]ms l ^!6 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #ghb4 ,he views ! nak$ t[n ) joyful eyes1 ,:ile f 8 rage an arm'd p flies4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #hhj4 ,= planks & beams he ravages ! wood1 ,& ! t\gh bottom ext5ds across ! flood4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #ajdj4 ,a n>r[ pass ! horn$ mole divides1 ,n>r[ z t :]e ,euripus' /rong tides ,beat on ,euboean ,*alcis' rocky sides4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #ajie4 ,no =ce1 no fe>s _! h&s un>m'd be>1 ,b looks ( peace & g5tl5ess !y we>4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 iii1 l4 #aab4 ,! ready w>riors all abo>d !m ride1 ,& wait ! return ( ! retir+ tide4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #gaf4 ,he saw ^? troops t long _h fai?ful /ood1 ,fri5ds to 8 cause1 & enemies to good1 ,gr[n we>y ( _! *ief1 & satiat$ ) blood4 --,eng4 ,poets3 ib41 ,b4 v1 l4 #ccg4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,que/ions4 ,,ord] ,,( ,,rehe>sal1 ,,& ,,me?od ,,( ,,exam9ation4 ,,"p ,,f\r?1 ,,prosody4 ,fi/,! foll[+ que/ions call ! att5tion ( ! /ud5t to ! ma9 doctr9es 9 ! =ego+ code ( ,prosody1 & embrace or dem& ^? facts :i* x is mo/ important = him to fix 9 8 memory2 !y may1 !re=e1 s]ve n only to aid ! tea*] 9 ! process ( exam9+ 8 classes1 b also to direct ! le>n] 9 8 mann] ( prep>ation = recital4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,( ,,punctuation4 #a4 ,( :at does ,prosody treat8 #b4 ,:at is ,punctuation8 #c4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal po9ts1 or m>ks8 #d4 ,:at pauses are d5ot$ by ! fir/ f\r po9ts8 #e4 ,:at pauses are requir$ by ! o!r f\r8 #f4 ,:at is ! g5]al use ( ! ,comma8 #g4 ,h[ _m rules = ! ,comma are !re1 & :at are _! heads8 #h4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,simple ,s5t5ces8 #i4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,simple ,memb]s8 #aj4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,m ?an ,two ,words8 #aa4 ,:at says ,rule #d? ( ,only ,two ,words8 #ab4 ,:at says ,rule #e? ( ,words 9 ,pairs8 #ac4 ,:at says ,rule #f? ( ,words put ,absolute8 #ad4 ,:at says ,rule #g? ( ,words 9 ,apposition8 #ae4 ,:at says ,rule #h? ( ,adjectives8 #af4 ,:at says ,rule #i? ( ,f9ite ,v]bs8 #ag4 ,:at says ,rule #aj? ( ,inf9itives8 #ah4 ,:at says ,rule #aa? ( ,p>ticiples8 #ai4 ,:at says ,rule #ab? ( ,adv]bs8 #bj4 ,:at says ,rule #ac? ( ,conjunctions8 #ba4 ,:at says ,rule #ad? ( ,prepositions8 #bb4 ,:at says ,rule #ae? ( ,int]jections8 #bc4 ,:at says ,rule #af? ( ,words ,repeat$8 #bd4 ,:at says ,rule #ag? ( ,dep5d5t ,quotations8 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,( ,,! ,,comma4 #a4 ,h[ _m exceptions1 or =ms ( exception1 are !re to ,rule #a/ = ! comma8 #b4--to ,rule #b;d8 #c4--to ,rule #c;d8 #d4--to ,rule #d?8 #e4--to ,rule #e?8 #f4--to ,rule #f?8 #g4--to ,rule #g?8 #h4--to ,rule #h?8 #i4--to ,rule #i?8 #aj4--to ,rule #aj?8 #aa4--to ,rule #aa?8 #ab4--to ,rule #ab?8 #ac4--to ,rule #ac?8 #ad4--to ,rule #ad?8 #ae4--to ,rule #ae?8 #af4--to ,rule #af?8 #ag4--to ,rule #ag?8 #ah4 ,:at says ! ,exception to ,rule #a/ ( a ,long ,simple ,s5t5ce8 #ai4 ,:at says ,exception #a/ to ,rule #b;d ( ,re/rictive ,relatives8 #bj4 ,:at says ,exception #b;d to ,rule #b;d ( ,%ort ,t]ms closely ,connect$8 #ba4 ,:at says ,exception #c;d to ,rule #b;d ( ,elliptical ,memb]s ,unit$8 #bb4 ,:at says ,exception #a/ to ,rule #d? ( ,two ,words ) ,adjuncts8 #bc4 ,:at says ,exception #b;d to ,rule #d? ( ,two ,t]ms ,contra/$8 #bd4 ,:at says ,exception #c;d to ,rule #d? ( a m]e ,alt]native ( ,words8 #be4 ,:at says ,exception #d? to ,rule #d? ( ,conjunctions ,und]/ood8 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,( ,,! ,,comma4 #a4 ,:at rule speaks ( ! sep>ation ( ,words 9 ,apposition8 #b4 ,:at says ,exception #a/ to ,rule #g? ( ,complex ,names8 #c4 ,:at says ,exception #b;d to ,rule #g? ( ,close ,apposition8 #d4 ,:at says ,exception #c;d to ,rule #g? ( a ,pron\n )\t a ,pause8 #e4 ,:at says ,exception #d? to ,rule #g? ( ,names ,acquir$8 #f4 ,:at says ! ,exception to ,rule #h? ( ,adjectives ,re/rictive8 #g4 ,:at is ! rule :i* speaks ( a f9ite ,v]b ,und]/ood8 #h4 ,:at says ! ,exception to ,rule #i? ( a ,v ,slight ,pause8 #i4 ,:at is ! ,rule = ! po9t+ ( ,p>ticiples8 #aj4 ,:at says ! ,exception to ,rule #aa? ( ,p>ticiples ,re/rictive8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,comma 9 ,section ,fir/4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,( ,,! ,,semicolon4 #a4 ,:at is ! g5]al use ( ! ,semicolon8 #b4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ! ,semicolon8 #c4 ,:at are _! heads8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,complex ,memb]s8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,simple ,memb]s8 #f4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,apposition1 c48 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,semicolon 9 ,section ,second4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,( ,,! ,,colon4 #a4 ,:at is ! g5]al use ( ! ,colon8 #b4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ! ,colon8 #c4 ,:at are _! heads8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,additional ,rem>ks8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,great] ,pauses8 #f4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,indep5d5t ,quotations8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,colon 9 ,section ,?ird4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,( ,,! ,,p]iod4 #a4 ,:at is ! g5]al use ( ! ,p]iod8 #b4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ! ,p]iod8 #c4 ,:at are _! heads8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,di/9ct ,s5t5ces8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,alli$ ,s5t5ces8 #f4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,abbreviations8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,p]iod 9 ,section ,f\r?4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,( ,,! ,,da%4 #a4 ,:at is ! g5]al use ( ! ,da%8 #b4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ! ,da%8 #c4 ,:at are _! heads8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,abrupt ,pauses8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,emphatic ,pauses8 #f4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,faulty ,da%es8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,da% 9 ,section ,fif?4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,( ,,! ,,eroteme4 #a4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,eroteme1 or ,note ( ,int]rogation8 #b4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ?is m>k8 #c4 ,:at are _! heads8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,que/ions ,direct8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,que/ions ,unit$8 #f4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,que/ions ,indirect8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,eroteme 9 ,section ,six?4 ,,lesson ,,ix--,,( ,,! ,,ecphoneme4 #a4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,ecphoneme1 or ,note ( ,exclamation8 #b4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ?is m>k8 #b4 ,:at are _! heads8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ,int]jections8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,invocations8 #f4 ,:at says ,rule #c;d ( ,exclamatory ,que/ions8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,ecphoneme 9 ,section ,sev5?4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,( ,,! ,,curves4 #a4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,curves1 or ,m>ks ( ,p>5!sis8 #b4 ,h[ _m rules are !re = ! ,curves8 #c4 ,:at are _! titles1 or heads8 #d4 ,:at says ,rule #a/ ( ! ,p>5!sis8 #e4 ,:at says ,rule #b;d ( ,includ$ ,po9ts8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may correct orally1 accord+ to ! =mules giv51 "s or all ( ! v>i\s examples ( ,false ,punctuation1 :i* are arrang$ "u ! rules = ! ,curves 9 ,section ,eigh?4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,,( ,,! ,,o!r ,,m>ks4 #a4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,apo/rophe8 #b4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,hyph58 #c4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,diresis1 or ,dialysis8 #d4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,acute ,acc5t8 #e4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,grave ,acc5t8 #f4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,circumflex8 #g4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,breve1 or ,/5otone8 #h4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,macron1 or ,macrotone8 #i4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,ellipsis1 or ,suppression8 #aj4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,c>et8 #aa4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,brace8 #ab4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,section8 #ac4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,p>agraph8 #ad4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,guillemets1 or ,quotation ,po9ts8 #ae4 ,h[ d we m>k a quotation )9 a quotation8 #af4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,crot*ets1 or ,brackets8 #ag4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,index1 or ,h&8 #ah4 ,:at are ! six ,m>ks ( ,ref]5ce 9 _! usual ord]8 #ai4 ,h[ c ref]5ces be o!rwise made8 #bj4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,a/]ism1 or ! ,?ree ,/>s8 #ba4 ,:at is ! use ( ! ,c$illa8 ,hav+ correctly answ]$ ! =ego+ que/ions1 ! pupil %\ld be taught to apply ! pr9ciples ( punctuation2 &1 = ?is purpose1 he may be requir$ to read a portion ( "s accurately po9t$ book1 or may be direct$ to turn to ! ,f\rte5? ,praxis1 beg9n+ on p4 #hba1--;& to assign a reason = e m>k he f9ds4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,,( ,,utt]ance4 #a4 ,:at is ,utt]ance8 #b4 ,:at does x include8 #c4 ,:at is articulation8 #d4 ,h[ does articulation diff] f pronunciation8 #e4 ,h[ does ,com/ock def9e x8 #f4 ,:at1 9 8 view1 is a good articulation8 #g4 ,h[ does ,bolles def9e articulation8 #h4 ,is a good articulation important8 #i4 ,:at are ! faults opposite to x8 #aj4 ,:at says ,%]idan1 ( a good articulation8 #aa4 ,^u :at does di/9ctness dep5d8 #ac4 ,:y is j articulation bett] ?an m]e l\dness8 #ac4 ,d we le>n to articulate 9 le>n+ to speak or read8 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,,( ,,pronunciation4 #a4 ,:at is pronunciation8 #b4 ,:at is x t is call$ ,or?opy8 #c4 ,:at k does pronunciation require8 #d4 ,:at are ! j p[]s ( ! lett]s8 #e4 ,h[ are ^! le>n$8 #f4 ,are ! j p[]s ( ! lett]s 9 any degree v>iable8 #g4 ,:at is quantity8 #h4 ,are all long syllables equally long1 & all %ort ones equally %ort8 #i4 ,:at has /ress ( voice to d ) quantity8 #aj4 ,:at is acc5t8 #aa4 ,is e ^w acc5t$8 #ab4 ,d we ev] lay two equal acc5ts on "o ^w8 #ac4 ,h we m ?an "o sort ( acc5t8 #ad4 ,c any ^w h ! second>y acc5t1 & n ! prim>y8 #ae4 ,c monosyllables h ei!r8 #af4 ,:at regulates acc5t8 #ag4 ,:at f\r ?+s di/+ui% ! elegant speak]8 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,,( ,,elocution4 #a4 ,:at is elocution8 #b4 ,:at does elocution require8 #c4 ,:at is emphasis8 #d4 ,:at comp>ative view is tak5 ( acc5t & emphasis8 #e4 ,h[ does ,l4 ,murray connect emphasis ) quantity8 #f4 ,does emphasis ev] affect acc5t8 #g4 ,:at is ! guide to a "r emphasis8 #h4 ,c "o read ) too _m emphases8 #i4 ,:at are pauses8 #aj4 ,h[ _m & :at k9ds ( pauses are !re8 #aa4 ,:at is said ( ! duration ( pauses1 & ! tak+ ( brea?8 #ab4 ,aft] :at mann] %\ld pauses be made8 #ac4 ,:at pauses are p>ticul>ly ungraceful8 #ad4 ,:at is said ( rhetorical pauses8 #ae4 ,h[ are ! h>monic pauses divid$8 #af4 ,are su* pauses ess5tial to v]se8 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,,( ,,elocution4 #ag4 ,:at are inflections8 #ah4 ,:at is call$ ! ris+ or upw>d inflection8 #ai4 ,:at is call$ ! fall+ or d[nw>d inflection8 #bj4 ,h[ are ^! inflections exemplifi$8 #ba4 ,h[ are !y us$ 9 ask+ que/ions8 #bb4 ,:at is said ( ! notation ( !m8 #bc4 ,:at con/itutes a circumflex8 #bd4 ,:at con/itutes ! ris+1 & :at ! fall+1 circumflex8 #be4 ,c y give examples8 #bf4 ,:at con/itutes a monotone1 9 elocution8 #bg4 ,:i* k9d ( inflection is said to be mo/ common8 #bh4 ,:i* is ! be/ adapt$ to /rong emphasis8 #bi4 ,:at says ,com/ock ( rules = inflections8 #cj4 ,is ! voice to be v>i$ = v>iety's sake8 #ca4 ,:at %\ld regulate ! inflections8 #cb4 ,:at is cad5ce8 #cc4 ,:at says ,ripp+ham ab\t x8 #cd4 ,:at says ,murray8 #ce4 ,:at are tones8 #cf4 ,:y d !y des]ve p>ticul> att5tion8 #cg4 ,:at says ,blair ab\t tones8 #ch4 ,:at says ,hiley8 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,,( ,,figures4 #a4 ,:at is a ,figure 9 gramm>8 #b4 ,h[ _m k9ds ( figures are !re8 #c4 ,:at is a figure ( or?ography8 #d4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal figures ( or?ography8 #e4 ,:at is ,mimesis8 #f4 ,:at is an ,ar*aism8 #g4 ,:at is a figure ( etymology8 #h4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! figures ( etymology8 #i4 ,:at is ,aphresis8 #aj4 ,:at is ,pro/hesis8 #aa4 ,:at is ,syncope8 #ab4 ,:at is ,apocope8 #ac4 ,:at is ,p>agoge8 #ad4 ,:at is ,diresis8 #ae4 ,:at is ,synresis8 #af4 ,:at is ,tmesis8 #ag4 ,:at is a figure ( syntax8 #ah4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! figures ( syntax8 #ai4 ,:at is ,ellipsis1 9 gramm>8 #bj4 ,are s5t5ces (t5 elliptical8 #ba4 ,:at p>ts ( spee* c be omitt$1 by ellipsis8 #bb4 ,:at is ,pleonasm8 #bc4 ,:5 is ?is figure all[able8 #bd4 ,:at is ,syllepsis8 #be4 ,:at is ,enallage8 #bf4 ,:at is ,hyp]baton8 #bg4 ,:at is said ( ?is figure8 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,,( ,,figures4 #bh4 ,:at is a figure ( rhetoric8 #bi4 ,:at peculi> "n h "s ( ^!8 #cj4 ,d figures ( rhetoric (t5 occur8 #ca4 ,on :at are !y f\nd$8 #cb4 ,h[ _m & :at are ! pr9cipal figures ( rhetoric8 #cc4 ,:at is a ,simile8 #cd4 ,:at is a ,metaphor8 #ce4 ,:at is an ,allegory8 #cf4 ,:at is a ,metonymy8 #cg4 ,:at is ,synecdo*e8 #ch4 ,:at is ,hyp]bole8 #ci4 ,:at is ,vision8 #dj4 ,:at is ,apo/rophe8 #da4 ,:at is ,p]sonification8 #db4 ,:at is ,erotesis8 #dc4 ,:at is ,ecphonesis8 #dd4 ,:at is ,anti!sis8 #de4 ,:at is ,climax8 #df4 ,:at is ,irony8 #dg4 ,:at is ,apophasis1 or ,p>alipsis8 #dh4 ,:at is ,onomatopoeia8 ,n[1 if y please1 y may exam9e ! quotations adopt$ = ! ,f\rte5? ,praxis1 & may "n & def9e ! v>i\s figures ( gramm> :i* are conta9$ !re94 ,,lesson ,,xviii4--,,( ,,v]sification4 #a4 ,:at is ,v]sification8 #b4 ,:at is v]se1 z di/+ui%$ f prose8 #c4 ,:at is ! rhy?m ( v]se8 #d4 ,:at is ! quantity ( a syllable8 #e4 ,h[ are poetic quantities d5om9at$8 #f4 ,h[ are !y proportion$8 #g4 ,:at quantity co9cides ) acc5t or emphasis8 #h4 ,on :at b ! v[el s\nd does quantity dep5d8 #i4 ,does syllabic quantity always foll[ ! quality ( ! v[els8 #aj4 ,:]e is quantity v>iable1 & :]e fix$1 9 ,engli%8 #aa4 ,:at is rhyme8 #ab4 ,:at is blank v]se8 #ac4 ,:at is rem>k$ conc]n+ ! rhym+ syllables8 #ad4 ,:at is a /anza8 #ae4 ,:at uni=mity h /anzas8 #af4 ,:at v>iety h !y8 ,,lesson ,,xix4--,,( ,,v]sification4 #ag4 ,( :at does a v]se consi/8 #ah4 ,( :at does a poetic foot consi/8 #ai4 ,h[ _m feet d prosodi/s recognize8 #bj4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal feet 9 ,engli%8 #ba4 ,:at is an ,iambus8 #bb4 ,:at is a ,tro*ee8 #bc4 ,:at is an ,anape/8 #bd4 ,:at is a ,dactyl8 #be4 ,:y are ^! feet pr9cipal8 #bf4 ,:at ord]s ( v]se arise f ^!8 #bg4 ,are ^! k9ds to be kept sep>ate8 #bh4 ,:at is said ( ! second>y feet8 #bi4 ,h[ _m & :at second>y feet are expla9$ 9 ?is code8 #cj4 ,:at is a ,spondee8 #ca4 ,:at is a ,pyrrhic8 #cb4 ,:at is a ,moloss8 #cc4 ,:at is a ,tribra*8 #cd4 ,:at is an ,amphibra*8 #ce4 ,:at is an ,amphimac8 #cf4 ,:at is a ,bac*y8 #cg4 ,:at is an ,antiba*y8 #ch4 ,:at is a ,csura8 ,,lesson ,,xx4--,,( ,,v]sification4 #ci4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal k9ds1 or ord]s1 ( v]se8 #dj4 ,:at o!r ord]s are !re8 #da4 ,does ! composite ord] dem& any uni=mity8 #db4 ,d ! simple ord]s admit any div]sity8 #dc4 ,:at is meant by scann+ or scansion8 #dd4 ,:at mean ! te*nical words1 catalectic1 acatalectic1 & hyp]met]8 #de4 ,9 scansion1 :y are ! pr9cipal feet to be pref]r$ to ! second>y8 #df4 ,c a s+le foot be a l9e8 #dg4 ,:at are ! sev]al comb9ations t =m dimet]1 trimet]1 tetramet]1 p5tamet]1 hexamet]1 heptamet]1 & octomet]8 #dh4 ,:at syllables h /ress 9 a pure iambic l9e8 #di4 ,:at are ! sev]al measures ( iambic v]se8 #ej4 ,:at syllables h /ress 9 a pure tro*aic l9e8 #ea4 ,c x be "r1 to reg>d z hyp]met] ! long rhym+ syllables ( a l9e8 #eb4 ,is ! numb] ( feet 9 a l9e to be g5]ally c\nt$ by t ( ! long syllables8 #ec4 ,:at are ! sev]al measures ( tro*aic v]se8 ,,lesson ,,xxi4--,,( ,,v]sification4 #ed4 ,:at syllables h /ress 9 a pure anape/ic l9e8 #ee4 ,:at v>iation may occur 9 ! fir/ foot8 #ef4 ,is ?is frequ5t8 #eg4 ,is x ev] uni=m8 #eh4 ,:at is ! result ( a uni=m mixture8 #ei4 ,is ! anape/ adapt$ to s+le rhyme8 #fj4 ,may a surplus ev] make up = a defici5cy8 #fa4 ,:y are ! anape/ic measures few8 #fb4 ,h[ _m syllables are f\nd 9 ! longe/8 #fc4 ,:at are ! sev]al measures ( anape/ic v]se8 #fd4 ,:at syllables h /ress 9 a pure dactylic l9e8 #fe4 ,) :at does s+le-rhym$ dactylic end8 #ff4 ,is dactylic v]se v common8 #fg4 ,:at are ! sev]al measures ( dactylic v]se8 #fh4 ,:at is composite v]se8 #fi4 ,mu/ composites h rhy?m8 #gj4 ,are ! k9ds ( composite v]se num]\s8 #ga4 ,:y h we no exact enum]ation ( ! measures ( ?is ord]8 #gb4 ,does ?is "w conta9 specim5s ( diff]5t k9ds ( composite v]se8 ,x may n[ be requir$ ( ! pupil to det]m9e1 by read+ & scansion1 ! metrical elem5ts ( any good ,engli% poetry :i* may be select$ = ! purpose--! feet be+ m>k$ by pauses1 & ! long syllables by /ress ( voice4 ,he may also correct orally ! few ,errors ( ,metre :i* are giv5 9 ! ,fif? ,section ( ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,= ,,writ+4 ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,prosody4 ,fi/ ,:5 ! pupil c readily answ] all ! que/ions on ,prosody1 & apply ! rules ( punctuation to any composition 9 :i* ! po9ts are rightly ins]t$1 he %\ld write out ! foll[+ ex]cises1 supply+ :at is requir$1 & correct+ :at is amiss4 ,or1 if any tea*] *oose to ex]cise 8 classes orally1 by means ( ^! examples1 he c v well d x2 because1 to read words1 is always easi] ?an to write !m1 & ev5 po9ts or poetic feet may be q z readily nam$ z writt54 ,,ex]cise ,i4--,,punctuation4 ,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t ! ,,comma :]e x is requisite4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,simple ,,s5t5ces4 ,! dogmati/'s assurance is p>am\nt to argum5t4 ,! :ole c\rse ( 8 argum5tation comes to no?+4 ,! fieldm\se builds h] g>n] "u gr\nd4 ,,exc4--,! fir/ pr9ciples ( almo/ all sci5ces are few4 ,:at he gave me to publi% 0 b a small "p4 ,to rema9 ins5sible to su* provocation is apa?y4 ,m9ds a%am$ ( pov]ty w\ld be pr\d ( afflu5ce4 ,to be totally indiff]5t to praise or c5sure is a real defect 9 "*4--,wilson's ,punctuation1 p4 #ch4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,i 0 eyes to ! bl9d & feet 0 ,i to ! lame4 ,!y are gone b ! remembrance ( !m is sweet4 ,he has pass$ x is likely ?r\gh v>ieties ( =tune4 ,! m9d ?\gh free has a gov]nor )9 itself4 ,!y ,i d\bt n oppose ! bill on public pr9ciples4 ,be sil5t be grateful & adore4 ,he is an adept 9 language :o always speaks ! tru?4 ,! race is n to ! swift nor ! battle to ! /rong4 ,,exc4 ,i4--,he t has f> to g %\ld n hurry4 ,hobbes believ$ ! et]nal tru?s :i* he oppos$4 ,feeble are all pleasures 9 :i* ! he>t has no %>e4 ,! love :i* survives ! tomb is "o ( ! noble/ attributes ( ! s\l4--,wilson's ,punctuation1 p4 #ch4 ,,exc4 ,,ii4--,a good "n is bett] ?an preci\s o9tm5t4 ,?9k/ ?\ t duty %all h dread to speak8 ,! sple5 is seldom felt :]e ,flora reigns4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,m ,,?an ,,two ,,words4 ,! city army c\rt esp\se my cause4 ,w>s pe/il5ces & diseases are t]rible in/ructors4 ,walk daily 9 a pleasant airy & umbrage\s g>d54 ,wit spirits faculties b make x worse4 ,m5 wives & *ildr5 />e cry out & run4 ,indu/ry1 hone/y1 & temp]ance are ess5tial to happ9ess4--,wilson's ,punctuation1 p4 #bi4 ,honor1 afflu5ce1 & pleasure s$uce ! he>t4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4--,,( ,,two ,,t]ms ,,connect$4 ,hope & fe> are ess5tials 9 religion4 ,praise & adoration are p]fective ( our s\ls4 ,we "k bodies & _! prop]ties mo/ p]fectly4 ,satisfy y\rselves ) :at is rational & atta9able4 ,sl[ly & sadly we laid him d[n4 ,,exc4 ,i4--,god w r look to ! inw>d motions ( ! m9d ?an to ! outw>d =m ( ! body4 ,g5tl5ess is unassum+ 9 op9ion & temp]ate 9 zeal4 ,,exc4 ,,ii4--,he has exp]i5c$ prosp]ity & adv]sity4 ,all s9 ess5tially is & mu/ be mortal4 ,reprove vice b pity ! (f5d]4 ,,exc4 ,,iii4--,"o p]son is *os5 *airman or mod]ator4 ,duration or "t is measur$ by motion4 ,! gov]nor or vic]oy is *os5 annually4 ,,exc4 ,,iv4--,reflection reason /ill ! ties improve4 ,8 neat pla9 p>l\r wants our mod]n /yle4 ,we are fe>fully wond]fully made4 ,,"u ,,rule ,v4--,,( ,,words ,,9 ,,pairs4 ,i inquir$ & reject$ consult$ & delib]at$4 ,se$-"t & h>ve/ cold & heat summ] & w9t] day & night %all n cease4 ,,ex]cise ,,ii4--,,punctuation4 ,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t ! ,,comma :]e x is requisite4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4--,,( ,,words ,,put ,,absolute4 ,! night be+ d>k !y did n proce$4 ,!re be+ no o!r coa* we _h no alt]native4 ,rememb] my son t human life is ! j\rney ( a day4 ,all circum/ances consid]$ x seems "r4 ,he t ov]come? to him w ,i give p[]4 ,y\r l& /rang]s dev\r x 9 y\r pres5ce4 ,ah s9ful nation a p lad5 ) iniquity6 ,) heads decl9'd ye c$>s homage pay2 ,be smoo? ye rocks ye rapid floods give way6 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii4--,,( ,,words ,,9 ,,apposition4 ,n[ ,philomel sweet song/ress *>ms ! night4 ',tis *anticle] ! %eph]d's clock ann\nc+ day4 ,! ev5+ /> love's h>b+] appe>s4 ,! que5 ( night fair ,dian smiles s]5e4 ,!re is yet "o man ,micaiah ! son ( ,imlah4 ,our :ole company man by man v5tur$ d[n4 ,z a "w ( wit ! ,dunciad has few equals4 ,9 ! same temple ! res\nd+ wood ,all vocal be+s hymn$ _! equal ,god4 ,,exc4 ,i4--,! la/ k+ ( ,rome 0 ,t>qu9ius ,sup]bus4 ,bossuet highly eulogizes ,m>ia ,!resa ( ,au/ria4 ,no emp]or has be5 m prais$ ?an ,m>cus ,aurelius1 ,anton9us4 ,,exc4 ,,ii4--,= he w5t & dwelt by ! brook ,*]i?4 ,rememb] ! example ( ! patri>* ,joseph4 ,! poet1 ,milton1 excell$ 9 prose z well z 9 v]se4 ,,exc4 ,,iii4--,i wisdom dwell ) prud5ce4 ,ye fools be ye ( an und]/&+ he>t4 ,i tell y t :i* y y\rselves d "k4 ,,exc4 ,,iv4--,i cr[n !e k+ ( intimate delights ,i c\nt ! _w a /rang] = ?y sake4 ,& ?is makes fri5ds su* miracles bel[4 ,god has pron\nc$ x dea? to ta/e t tree4 ,grace makes ! slave a freeman4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii4--,,( ,,adjectives4 ,deaf ) ! noise ,i took my ha/y flight4 ,him pite\s ( 8 y\? s(t dis5gage4 ,i play$ a :ile ob$i5t to ! fair4 ,love free z air spreads 8 light w+s & flies4 ,physical sci5ce sep>ate f morals p>ts ) its *ief dignity4 ,!n active /ill & unconf9$ 8 m9d ,explores ! va/ ext5t ( ages pa/4 ,b !re is yet a lib]ty unsung ,by poets & by s5ators unprais$4 ,,exc4--,i w m>ry a wife beautiful z ! ,h\ries4 ,he 0 a man able to speak ^u d\btful que/ions4 ,^! are ! p]sons1 anxi\s = ! *ange4 ,are !y m5 wor?y ( confid5ce & support8 ,a man1 *>itable beyond 8 means1 is sc>cely hone/4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ix4--,,( ,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,pov]ty wants "s ?+s--av>ice all ?+s4 ,hone/y has "o face--flatt]y two4 ,"o k+ is too s(t & easy--an o!r too fi]y4 ,mank9d's e/eem !y c\rt--& he 8 own3 ,!irs ! wild *ase ( false felicities2 ,8 ! compos'd possession ( ! true4 ,,ex]cise ,,iii4--,,punctuation4 ,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t ! ,,comma :]e x is requisite4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,rule ,x4--,,( ,,inf9itives4 ,my desire is to live 9 peace4 ,! great difficulty 0 to compel !m to pay _! debts4 ,to /r5g!n our virtue ,god bids u tru/ 9 him4 ,i made no b>ga9 ) y to live always drudg+4 ,to sum up all h] tongue confess$ ! %rew4 ,to proce$ my own adv5ture 0 /ill m laughable4 ,we come n ) design ( wa/eful prey ,to drive ! c\ntry =ce ! swa9s away4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi4--,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,hav+ giv5 ?is answ] he dep>t$4 ,"s sunk to bea/s f9d pleasure end 9 pa94 ,eas$ ( h] load subjection gr[s m light4 ,dea? /ill draws ne>] nev] seem+ ne>4 ,he lies full l[ gor$ ) w\nds & welt]+ 9 8 blood4 ,k9d is fell ,lucif] comp>$ to !e4 ,man consid]$ 9 himself is helpless & wret*$4 ,l scatt]$ d[n by h[l+ ,eurus bl[n4 ,he ) wide no/rils snort+ skims ! wave4 ,y\? is prop]ly speak+ introductory to manhood4 ,,exc4--,he kept 8 eye fix$ on ! c\ntry be=e him4 ,!y h _! "p assign$ !m to act4 ,ye>s w n repair ! injuries done by him4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii4--,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,yes we bo? 7 philosoph]s4 ,h[ev] ,provid5ce saw fit to cross our design4 ,besides ,i "k t ! eye ( ! public is ^u me4 ,! fact c]ta9ly is mu* o!rwise4 ,= no?+ surely c be m inconsi/5t4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,( ,,conjunctions4 ,= 9 su* retirem5t ! s\l is /r5g!n$4 ,x engages our desires2 & 9 "s degree satisfies !m also4 ,b ( e ,*ri/ian virtue piety is an ess5tial "p4 ,! ,engli% v]b is v>iable--z love love/ loves4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,( ,,prepositions4 ,9 a ^w *>ity is ! s\l ( social life4 ,by ! b[/r+ ,i c repress viol5ce & fraud4 ,"s by be+ too artful =feit ! reputation ( probity4 ,) reg>d to morality ,i 0 n indiff]5t4 ,( all our s5ses sight is ! mo/ p]fect & delightful4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv4--,,( ,,int]jections4 ,behold ,i am aga9/ !e ,o inhabitant ( ! valley6 ,o x is m l a dream ?an a reality1 ,"s w9e ho6 ,ha ha ha2 "s w9e eh8 ,:5 lo ! dy+ breeze beg9s to fail1 ,& flutt]s on ! ma/ ! flagg+ sail4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,( ,,words ,,repeat$4 ,i w\ld nev] cons5t nev] nev] nev]4 ,8 tee? did *att] *att] *att] /ill4 ,come come come--to b$ to b$ to b$4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvii4--,,( ,,dep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,he cri$ ',cause e man to g out f me4' ',almet' said he 'rememb] :at ?\ ha/ se54' ,i answ]$ ',mock n ?y s]vant :o is b a worm be=e !e4' ,,ex]cise ,,iv4--,,punctuation4 ,i4 ,,! ,,semicolon4--,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t ! ,comma & ! ,,semicolon :]e !y are requisite4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,comp\nd ,,memb]s4 ',man is weak' answ]$ 8 companion 'k is m ?an equival5t to =ce4' ,to judge rightly ( ! pres5t we mu/ oppose x to ! pa/ = all judgem5t is comp>tive sic--,,k? & ( ! future no?+ c be kn[n4 ',cont5tm5t is natural weal?' says ,socrates to :i* ,i %all add 'luxury is artificial pov]ty4' ,conv]se & love mank9d might /rongly draw ,:5 love 0 lib]ty & nature law4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,be wise to-day 'tis madness to def]4 ,! pres5t all _! c>e ! future 84 ,wit makes an ent]pris] s5se a man4 ,ask ?\ght = joy gr[ ri* & ho>d )94 ,song soo!s our pa9s & age has pa9s to soo!4 ,"h an enemy enc\nt]s !re a rival supplants him4 ,our answ] to _! reasons is2 ',no' to _! sc(fs no?+4 ,"h subt]ranean works & cities see ,!re t[ns a]ial on ! wav+ tree4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,apposition4 ,9 ,lat9 !re are six cases namely ! nom9ative ! g5itive ! dative ! accusative ! vocative & ! ablative4 ,mo/ ,engli% n\ns =m ! plural by tak+ s2 z boy boys nation nations k+ k+s bay bays4 ,bodies are su* z are endu$ ) a vegetable s\l z plants a s5sitive s\l z animals or a rational s\l z ! body ( man4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,colon4--,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t ! ,comma1 ! ,semicolon1 & ! ,,colon1 :]e !y are requisite4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,additional ,,rem>ks4 ,indulge n desires at ! exp5se ( ! slighte/ article ( virtue pass once its limits & y fall headlong into vice4 ,dea? w\nds to cure we fall we rise we reign4 ,bew>e ( usurpation ,god is ! judge ( all4 ,bliss6--!re is none b unprec>i\s bliss ,t is ! gem sell all & pur*ase t4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,great] ,,pauses4 ,i h ! _w "h be=e me ,i w review x at leisure surely happ9ess is some:]e to be f\nd4 ,a melan*oly en?usia/ c\rts p]secution & :5 he _c obta9 x afflicts himself ) absurd p5ances b ! hol9ess ( ,/4 ,paul consi/$ 9 ! simplicity ( a pi\s life4 ,obs]ve 8 awful portrait & admire ,nor /op at wond] imitate & live4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,indep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,su* is our ,"l's injunction ',wat* & pray4' ,he di$ pray+ = 8 p]secutors ',fa!r =give !m !y "k n :at !y d4' ,on ! old g5tleman's cane 0 inscrib$ ?is motto ',fe/9a l5te4' ,,iii4--,,! ,,p]iod4--,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t ! ,comma1 ! ,semicolon1 ! ,colon1 & ! ,,p]iod1 :]e !y are requisite4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,di/9ct ,,s5t5ces4 ,!n appe>$ ! sea & ! dry l& ! m\nta9s rose & ! riv]s fl[$ ! sun & moon began _! c\rse 9 ! skies h]bs & plants clo!d ! gr\nd ! air ! e>? & ! wat]s 7 /or$ ) _! respective inhabitants at la/ man 0 made 9 ! image ( ,god ,9 g5]al ^? p>5ts h mo/ rev]5ce :o mo/ des]ve x = he t lives well _c be despis$ ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,alli$ ,,s5t5ces4 ,civil accompli%m5ts frequ5tly give rise to fame b a di/9ction is to be made betwe5 fame & true hon\r ! /atesman ! orator or ! poet may be fam\s :ile yet ! man himself is f> f be+ hon\r$ ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,abbreviations4 ,glass 0 inv5t$ 9 ,engl& by ,b5alt a monk ,a ,d #ffd ,! ,roman era ,u ,c comm5c$ ,a ,c #agec ye>s ,"h is ! ,lit]>y ,life ( ,s ,t ,col]idge ,esq ,,plato a mo/ illu/ri\s philosoph] ( antiquity di$ at ,a!ns #cdh ,b ,c ag$ #ha 8 writ+s are v valuable 8 language beautiful & correct & 8 philosophy sublime--,see ,univ4 ,biog4 ,dict4 ,,ex]cise ,v4--,,punctuation4 ,i4 ,,! ,,da%4--,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t1 9 _! prop] places1 ! ,,da%1 & su* o!r po9ts z are necess>y4 ,,examples ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,abrupt ,,pauses4 ,y say fam\s v (t5 & ,i don't "k exactly :at x means a fam\s uni=m fam\s do+s ,:at does fam\s mean ,o :y fam\s means ,n[ don't y "k :at fam\s means ,x means ,x is a ^w t p say ,x is ! fa%ion to say x ,x means x means fam\s4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,emphatic ,,pauses4 ,b ?is life is n all !re is !re is full surely ano!r /ate abid+ u ,& if !re is :at is ?y prospect ,o remorseless obdurate ,?\ %alt he> x w\ld be ?y wisdom to ?9k ?\ n[ ne>e/ ! s\nd ( t trumpet :i* %all awake ! dead ,return ,o yet return to ! ,fa!r ( m]cies & live ,! future pleases ,:y ,! pres5t pa9s ,b t's a secret yes :i* all m5 "k ,,ii4 ,,! ,,eroteme4--,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t rightly ! ,,eroteme1 or ,,note ,,( ,,int]rogation1 & su* o!r po9ts z are necess>y4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,que/ions ,,direct4 ,does ,nature be> a tyrant's brea/ ,is %e ! fri5d ( /]n control ,we>s %e ! despot's purple ve/ ,or fett]s %e ! freeborn s\l ,:y %\ld a man ^: blood is w>m )9 ,sit l 8 gr&sire cut 9 alaba/] ,:o art ?\ c\rte\s /rang] & f :5ce ,:y roam ?y /eps to ?is ab&on'd dale ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,que/ions ,,unit$4 ,:o bid ! /ork ,columbus-l explore ,heav'ns n 8 own & worlds unkn[n be=e ,:o calls ! c\ncil /ates ! c]ta9 day ,:o =ms ! phalanx & :o po9ts ! way ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,que/ions ,,indirect4 ,!y ask$ me :o ,i 0 & :i!r ,i 0 go+4 ,/4 ,paul ask$ k+ ,agrippa if he believ$ ! prophets8 ,b he did n wait = an answ]4 ,ask ( ?y "m ,e>? :y oaks are made ,tall] & /rong] ?an ! we$s !y %ade ,,iii4 ,,! ,,ecphoneme4--,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t rightly ! ,,ecphoneme1 or ,,note ,,( ,,exclamation1 & su* o!r po9ts z are necess>y4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,int]jections4 ,oh talk ( hypocrisy aft] ?is ,mo/ consummate ( all hypocrites ,aft] in/ruct+ y\r *os5 (ficial advocate to /& =w>d ) su* a def5ce su* an exposition ( y\r motives to d>e utt] ! ^w hypocrisy & compla9 ( ^? :o *>g$ y ) x ,br\gham ,alas h[ is t rugg$ he>t =lorn ,behold ! victor vanqui%'d by ! worm ,bliss sublun>y ,bliss pr\d words & va9 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,invocations4 ,o ,popul> ,applause :at he>t ( man ,is pro( aga9/ ?y sweet s$uc+ *>ms ,m ?an ?y balm ,o ,gilead heals ! w\nd ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,exclamatory ,,que/ions4 ,) :at transports ( joy %all ,i be receiv$ ,9 :at hon\r 9 :at delightful repose %all ,i pass ! rema9d] ( my life ,:at immortal glory %all ,i h acquir$ ,hooke's ,roman ,hi/ory4 ,h[ (t5 h ,i loit]'d o'er ?y gre5 ,:]e humble happ9ess ende>'d ea* sc5e ,,iv4--,,! ,,curves4--,copy ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & ins]t rightly ! ,,curves1 or ,,m>ks ,,( ,,p>5!sis1 & su* o!r po9ts z are necess>y4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,p>5!sis4 ,& all ! "q wrangle e'er s long ,is only ?is ,if ,god has plac'd him wrong ,& :o :at ,god =etells :o speaks 9 ?+s ,/ill l\d] ?an 9 words %all d>e d5y ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,includ$ ,,po9ts4 ,say 0 x virtue m ?\gh ,heav'n ne'er gave ,lam5t$ ,digby sunk !e to ! grave ,:]e is t ?rift t av>ice ( "t ,o glori\s av>ice ?\ght ( dea? inspires ,& oh ! la/ la/ :at c words express ,?\ght rea* ! la/ la/ sil5ce ( a fri5d ,,ex]cise ,,vi4--,,punctuation4 ,copy ! foll[+ ,,mix$ ,,examples1 & ins]t ! po9ts :i* !y require4 ,z "o ( !m op5$ 8 sack he espi$ 8 money ,!y cri$ out ! m exce$+ly ,crucify him ,! soldi]s' c\nsel 0 to kill ! prison]s ,great injury ^! v]m9 mice & rats d 9 ! field ,x is my son's coat an evil bea/ ha? dev\r$ him ,peace ( all worldly bless+s is ! mo/ valuable ,by ?is "t ! v f\ndation 0 remov$ ,! only words he utt]$ 7 ,i am a ,roman citiz5 ,"s di/ress ei!r felt or fe>$ gnaws l a worm ,h[ !n mu/ ,i det]m9e ,h ,i no int]e/ ,if ,i h n ,i am /ation$ "h to no purpose ,h>ris ,9 ! fire ! de/ruction 0 s swift sudd5 va/ & mis]able z to h no p>allel 9 /ory ,dionysius ! tyrant ( ,sicily 0 f> f be+ happy ,i ask n[ ,v]res :at ?\ ha/ to advance ,excess began & slo? su/a9s ! trade ,fame c nev] reconcile a man to a dea? b$ ,!y t sail on ! sea tell ( ! dang] ,be do]s ( ! ^w & n he>]s only ,! /orms ( w9try "t w quickly pass ,"h ,hope t smil+ angel /&s ,disguise ,i see ?\ art a wick$ness ,!re are no tricks 9 pla9 & simple fai? ,true love /rikes root 9 reason passion's foe ,two gods divide !m all ,pleasure & ,ga9 ,i am satisfi$ ,my son has done 8 duty ,rememb] ,almet ! vision :i* ?\ ha/ se5 ,i beheld an enclosure beautiful z ! g>d5s ( p>adise ,! k :i* ,i h receiv$ ,i w communicate ,b ,i am n yet happy & !re=e ,i despair ,wret*$ mortals said ,i to :at purpose are y busy ,bad z ! _w is respect is always paid to virtue ,9 a ^w he views m5 z ! cle> sun%9e ( *>ity ,?is be+ ! case ,i am a/oni%$ & amaz$ ,^! m5 approa*$ him & salut$ him k+ ,excell5t & oblig+ sages ^! und\bt$ly ,yet at ! same "t ! man himself und]goes a *ange ,"o con/ant effect ( idl5ess is to n\ri% ! passions ,y h]oes reg>d no?+ b glory ,take c>e le/ :ile y /rive to rea* ! top y fall ,pr\d & presumptu\s !y c brook no opposition ,nay "s awe ( religion may /ill subsi/ ,!n said he ,lo ,i come to d ?y w ,o ,god ,bible ,z = me behold ,i am 9 y\r h& ,ib4 ,c any hide himself 9 secret places t ,i %all n see him sai? ! ,"l ,j] xxiii #bd ,n[ ,i ,paul myself besee* y ,n[ = a recomp5se 9 ! same ,i speak z unto my *ildr5 be ye also enl>g$ #b ,cor vi #ac ,he :o lives always 9 public _c live to 8 own s\l :]eas he :o retires rema9s calm ,!re=e behold ,i ev5 ,i w utt]ly =get y ,?is text speaks only ( ^? to :om x speaks ,yea he w>me? himself & sai? ,aha ,i am w>m ,k+ ,agrippa believe/ ?\ ! prophets ,,ex]cise ,,vii4--,,punctuation4 ,copy ! foll[+ ,,mix$ ,,examples1 & ins]t ! po9ts :i* !y require4 ,to :om c ri*es give repute or tru/ ,cont5t or pleasure b ! good & j ,pope ,to him no high no l[ no great no small ,he fills he b\nds connects & equals all ,id ,reasons :ole pleasure all ! joys ( s5se ,lie 9 ?ree words heal? peace & compet5ce ,id ,n s = once indulg$ !y sweep ! ma9 ,deaf to ! call or he>+ he> 9 va9 ,anon ,say w ! falcon /oop+ f above ,smit ) h] v>y+ plumage sp>e ! dove ,pope ,?r[ ,egypts by & (f] 9 its /ead ,(f] ! cr[n on ,b]5ices head ,id ,falsely luxuri\s w n man awake ,& spr++ f ! b$ ( slo? enjoy ,! cool ! fragrant & ! sil5t h\r ,?omson ,yet ?us x is nor o!rwise c be ,s f> f aught romantic :at ,i s+ ,"y ,?yself fir/ "k !n love a self !re is ,( virtue fond t k9dles at h] *>ms ,id ,h[ f> t little c&le ?r[s 8 beams ,s %9es a good de$ 9 a naughty _w ,%akspe>e ,y h too mu* respect ^u ! _w ,!y lose x t d buy x ) mu* c>e ,id ,h[ _m ?+s by season season$ are ,to _! "r praise & true p]fection ,id ,can/ ?\ desc5d f conv]se ) ! skies ,& seize ?y bro!rs ?roat ,= :at a clod ,"y ,9 two %ort precepts all y\r bus9ess lies ,w\ld y be great--be virtu\s & be wise ,d5ham ,b sometimes virtue />ves :ile vice is f$ ,:at !n is ! rew>d ( virtue bread ,pope ,a life all turbul5ce & noise may seem ,to him t leads x wise & to be prais$ ,b wisdom is a pe>l ) mo/ success ,s\ght 9 /ill wat]s & b5ea? cle> skies ,c[p] ,all b ! swell+s ( ! s(t5$ he>t ,t wak5 n di/urb ! tranquil m9d ,?omson ,inspir+ ,god :o b\ndless _s all ,& unremitt+ en]gy p]vades ,adju/s su/a9s & agitates ! :ole ,id ,ye ladies = indiff]5t 9 y\r cause ,i %\ld des]ve to =feit all applause ,:atev] %ocks or gives ! lea/ (f5ce ,to virtue delicacy tru? or s5se ,try ! crit]ion tis a fai?ful guide ,nor has nor c h ,scripture on its side4 ,c[p] ,,ex]cise ,,viii4--,,scann+4 ,divide ! foll[+ ,,v]ses into ! feet :i* compose !m1 & di/+ui% by m>ks ! long & ! %ort syllables4 ,example ,i4--,our ,daily ,pa?s--,by ,f4 ,hemans4 ,!re's ,beauty all ar\nd our pa?s1 if b our wat*ful eyes ,c trace x 'mid/ famili> ?+s1 & ?r\gh _! l[ly guise2 ,we may f9d x :]e a h$g][ %[]s its blossoms o'er our way1 ,or a cottage-w9d[ sp>kles =? 9 ! la/ r$ light ( day4 ,example ,,ii4--,fet*+ ,wat]--,anonym\s4 ,e>ly on a sunny morn+1 :ile ! l>k 0 s++ sweet1 ,came1 beyond ! anci5t f>mh\se1 s\nds ( lightly-tripp+ feet4 ',twas a l[ly cottage maid51 go+1--:y1 let "y he>ts tell1-- ,) h] homely pit*] lad51 fet*+ wat] f ! well4 ,example ,,iii4--,deity4 ,alone ?\ sit/ above ! ev]la/+ hills ,& all imm5sity ( space ?y pres5ce fills3 ,= ?\ alone art ,god2--z ,god ?y sa9ts adore !e2 ,jehovah is ?y "n2--!y h no gods be=e !e4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,,iv4--,imp5it5ce4 ,! imp5it5t s9n] :om m]cy emp[]s1 ,di%on\rs t goodness :i* seeks to re/ore2 ,z ! s&s ( ! des]t are wat]'d by %[]s4 ,yet b>r5 & fruitless rema9 z be=e4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,v4--,piety4 ,holy & pure are ! pleasures ( piety1 ,drawn f ! f\nta9 ( m]cy & love2 ,endless1 exhau/less1 exempt f satiety1 ,ris+ une>?ly1 & so>+ above4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,,vi4--,a ,simile4 ,! bolt t /rikes ! t['r+ c$> dead1 ,(t passes h>mless o'er ! hazel's head4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,,vii4--,a ,simile4 ,yet to _! g5]al's voice !y soon obey'd ,innum]able4 ,z :5 ! pot5t rod ,( ,amram's son1 9 ,egypt's evil day1 ,wav'd r\nd ! coa/1 up call'd a pit*y cl\d ,( locu/s1 w>p+ on ! ea/]n w9d1 ,t o'er ! realm ( impi\s ,ph>aoh hung ,l night1 & d>k5'd all ! l& ( ,nile4--,milton4 ,example ,,viii4--,elegiac ,/anza4 ,?y "n is de>--'tis virtue balm'd 9 love2 ,yet e'en ?y "n a p5sive sadness br+s4 ,ah6 wo ! day1 our he>ts 7 doom'd to prove1 ,t fonde/ love b po9ts affliction's /+s6--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,,ix4--,cupid4 ,zephyrs1 mov+ bl&1 & brea?+ fragrant ,) ! sweete/ od\rs ( ! spr+1 ,o'er ! w+$ boy1 a ?\ghtless vagrant1 ,slumb'r+ 9 ! grove1 _! p]fumes fl+4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,x4--,div9e ,p[]4 ,:5 ! w9ds o'er ,g5nes>et ro>'d1 ,& ! bill[s trem5d\sly rose1 ,! ,savi\r b utt]'d ! ^w1 ,!y 7 hu%'d to ! calme/ repose4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,,xi4--,invitation4 ,come f ! m\nt ( ! leop>d1 sp\se1 ,come f ! d5 ( ! lion2 ,come to ! t5t ( ?y %eph]d1 sp\se1 ,come to ! m\nta9 ( ,zion4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,,xii4--,admonition4 ,9 ! days ( ?y y\?1 ,rememb] ?y ,god3 ,o6 =sake n 8 tru?1 ,incur n 8 rod4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,example ,,xiii4--,comm5dation4 ,con/ant & dute\s1 ,meek z ! dove1 ,h[ art ?\ beaute\s1 ,daught] ( love6--,g4 ,br[n4 ,,ex]cise ,,ix4--,,scann+4 ,m>k ! feet & syllables :i* compose ! foll[+ l9es--or m>k a sample ( ea* metre4 ,edw91 an ,ode4 ,i4 ,,/rophe4 ,l$ by ! p['r ( song1 & nature's love1 ,:i* raise ! s\l all vulg> !mes above1 ,! m\nta9 grove ,w\ld ,edw9 rove1 ,9 p5sive mood1 alone2 ,& seek ! woody dell1 ,:]e noontide %ad[s fell1 ,*e]+1 ,ve]+1 ,mov'd by ! zephyr's swell4 ,"h nurs'd he ?\ghts to g5ius only kn[n1 ,:5 n\ght 0 he>d ar\nd ,b soo?'d ! re/ pr(\nd ,( rural beauty on h] m\nta9 ?rone4 ,nor less he lov'd 7rude nature's *ild7 ,! elem5tal conflict wild2 ,:51 fold on fold1 above 0 pil'd ,! wat]y swa!1 c>e]+ on ! w9d4 ,su* sc5es he saw ,) solemn awe1 ,z 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,et]nal ,m9d4 ,fix'd he gaz'd1 ,tranc'd & rais'd1 ,sublimely rapt 9 awful pleasure undef9'd4 ,,ii4 ,,anti/rophe ,reckless ( da9ty joys1 he f9ds delight ,:]e feebl] s\ls b tremble ) affright4 ,lo6 n[1 )9 ! deep rav9e1 ,a black imp5d+ cl\d ,infolds him 9 its %r\d1 ,& d>k & d>k] glooms ! sc5e4 ,?r\gh ! ?icket /ream+1 ,lightn+s n[ are gleam+2 ,?und]s roll+ dread1 ,%ake ! m\nta9's head2 ,nature's w> ,e*oes f>1 ,o'er e!r borne1 ,t fla% ,! a% ,has sca?'d & torn6 ,n[ x rages2 ,oaks ( ages1 ,wri?+ 9 ! furi\s bla/1 ,wide _! leafy hon\rs ca/2 ,_! gn>l$ arms d =ce to =ce oppose ,deep root$ 9 ! crevic'd rock1 ,! /urdy trunk su/a9s ! %ock1 ,l dauntless h]o firm aga9/ assail+ foes4 ,,iii4 ,,epode4 '#j ,?\ :o sit/ above ^! vap\rs d5se1 ,& rul'/ ! /orm by ?9e omnipot5ce6 ,mak+ ! colli$ cl\d ?y e>1 ,c\rs+ ! w9ds1 ?\ rid'/ af>1 ,?y bless+s to disp5se4 ,! e>ly & ! latt] ra91 ,:i* f]tilize ! du/y pla91 ,?y b\nte\s goodness p\rs4 ,dumb be ! a!i/ tongue abhorr'd6 ,all nature owns !e1 sov]eign ,"l6 ,& works ?y graci\s w2 ,at ?y comm& ! tempe/ ro>s1 ,at ?y comm& is /ill4 ,?y m]cy o'er ?is sc5e sublime presides2 ',tis m]cy =ms ! veil t hides ,! ard5t sol> beam2 ,:ile1 f ! volley'd brea/ ( heav51 ,transi5t gleams ( dazzl+ light1 ,fla%+ on ! balls ( sight1 ,make d>kness d>k] seem4 ,?\ mov'/ ! quick & sulphur\s lev5-- ,! tempe/-driv5 ,cl\d is riv52 ,& ! ?ir/y m\nta9-side ,dr9ks gladly ( ! gu%+ tide4' ,s brea?'d "y ,edw91 :5 ! summ] %[]1 ,f out t d>k o'er*amb'r+ cl\d1 ,) lightn+ fla% & ?und] l\d1 ,bur/ 9 wild gr&eur o'er 8 solit>y b[]4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,"p ,,f\r?4 ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,improprieties ,,= ,,correction1 ,,conta9$ ,,9 ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s1 ,,& ,,design$ ,,= ,,oral ,,ex]cises ,,"u ,,all ,,! ,,rules ,,& ,,notes ,,( ,,! ,,"w4 ,fi/,! v>i\s examples ( error :i* are exhibit$ = oral correction1 9 ! ,gramm> ( ,engli% ,gramm>s1 are all "h expla9$1 9 _! ord]1 by full am5d$ read+s1 sometimes ) au?orities specifi$1 & g5]ally ) ref]5ces ( "s sort4 ,!y are int5d$ to be correct$ orally by ! pupil1 accord+ to ! =mules giv5 "u correspond+ heads 9 ! ,gramm>4 ,"s portion1 at lea/1 "u ea* rule or note1 %\ld be us$ 9 ?is way2 & ! re/1 p]haps1 may be read & comp>$ m simply4 ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,i4--,,or?ography4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,( ,,lett]s4 ,,corrections ,,respect+ ,,capitals4 ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,books4 ,_m a read] ( ! ,bible kn[s n :o wrote ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les--,g4 ,b4 ,! sons ( ,levi1 ! *ief ( ! fa!rs1 7 writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,*ronicles4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,neh41 xii1 #bc4 ,are !y n writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,acts ( ,solomon8--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,i ,k+s1 xi1 #da4 ,are !y n writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,israel8--,,alg] ,,correct$3 ,i ,k+s1 xxii1 #ci4 ,are !y n writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,judah4--,see ,,alg]3 ib41 v]4 #de4 ,:i* 7 writt5 9 ! law ( ,moses1 & 9 ! prophets1 & 9 ! ,psalms4--,,alg]1 ,,et ,,al43 ,luke1 xxiv1 #dd4 ,! n>rative ( :i* maybe se5 9 ,josephus's ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,w>--,dr4 ,scott cor4 ,obs4--,! ^w 9 ,josephus is ,w>1 n ,w>s4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,?is ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,w> 0 ,josephus's fir/ "w1 & publi%$ ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #ge4--,:i/on cor4 ',i h read1' says ,photius1 '! ,*ronology ( ,ju/us ( ,tib]ias4'--,id4 ,a ,philosophical ,gramm>1 writt5 by ,james ,h>ris1 ,esquire4--,murray cor4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to ,/r\d's ,sket* ( ! ,slave ,laws--,a4 ,s4 ,mag4 cor4 ,b ,god has s made ! ,bible t x int]prets itself4--,idem4 ,9 #aefb1 ) ! help ( ,hopk9s1 he complet$ ! ,psalt]4--,g>d9] cor4 ,g>d9] says ?is ( ,/]nhold2 ( :om ! ,univ]sal ,biographical ,diction>y & ! ,am]ican ,encyclop$ia affirm1 t he di$ 9 #aedi4--;,g4 ,b4 ,! title ( a book1 to wit3 ',engli% ,gramm> 9 ,famili> ,lectures1' c4--,kirkham cor4 ,we _h n1 at t "t1 se5 ,mr4 ,kirkham's ',gramm> 9 ,famili> ,lectures4'--,id4 ,:5 y p>se1 y may spread ! ,comp5dium be=e y4--,id4 "r4#eaf ,:5ev] y p>se1 y may spread ! ,comp5dium be=e y4--,id4 cor4 ,adelung 0 ! au?or ( a ,grammatical & ,critical ,diction>y ( ! ,g]man ,language1 & o!r works4 ,biog4 ,dict4 cor4 ,alley1 ,william1 au?or ( ',! ,poor ,man's ,libr>y1' & a translation ( ! ,p5tateu*1 di$ 9 #aegj4--;,id4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,fir/ ,,words4 ,dep>t in/antly2--,improve y\r "t2--,=give u our s9s4--,murray correct$4 ,,examples3--,gold is corrupt+2--,! sea is gre52--,a lion is bold4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,aga93 ,x may ra92--,he may g or /ay2--,he w\ld walk22--,!y %\ld le>n4--,iidem4 ,aga93 ,oh6 ,i h ali5at$ my fri5d2--,alas6 ,i fe> = life4--,iidem4 ,see ,alg]'s ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,aga93 ,he w5t f ,london to ,york2--,%e is above disguise2 ,!y are support$ by indu/ry4--,iidem4 ,on ! =ego+ examples1 ,i h a ^w to say4 ,!y are bett] ?an a fair specim5 ( _! k9d4 ,our gramm>s ab\nd ) worse illu/rations4 ,_! models ( ,engli% are g5]ally spuri\s quotations4 ,few ( _! pro(-texts h any j p>5tage4 ,goose-eyes are abundant1 b names sc>ce4 ,:o fa!rs ! f\ndl+s8 ,nobody4 ,!n let _! m]it be nobody's1 & _! defects 8 :o c\ld write no bett]4--,au?or4 ,goose-eyes6 says a bright boy2 pray1 :at are !y8 ,does ?is ,mr4 ,au?or make new words :5 he pleases8 ,dead-eyes are 9 a %ip4 ,!y are blocks1 ) holes 9 !m4 ,b :at are goose-eyes 9 gramm>8 ,,answ]3 ,goose-eyes are quotation po9ts4 ,"s ( ! ,g]mans gave !m ?is "n1 mak+ a je/ ( _! =m4 ,! ,fr5* call !m guillemets1 f ! "n ( _! inv5tor4--,au?or4 ,x is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,comly cor4 ,ourselves is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son plural4--,id4 ,!e is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! second p]son s+ul>4--,id4 ,cont5tm5t is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,id4 ,7 is a neut] v]b1 ( ! indicative mood1 imp]fect t5se4--,id4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,deity4 ,o ?\ ,disp5s] ( life6 ?y m]cies are b\ndless4--,all5 cor4 ,%all n ! ,judge ( all ! e>? d "r8--,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,g541 xviii1 #be4 ,& ! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s4--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,g541 i1 #b4 ,x is ! gift ( ,him1 :o is ! great ,au?or ( good1 & ! ,fa!r ( m]cies4--,murray cor4 ,?is is ?y ,god t br\ght !e up out ( ,egypt4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,neh41 ix1 #ah4 ,= ! ,,"l is our def5ce2 & ! ,holy ,"o ( ,israel is our ,k+4--,psal44 lxxxix1 #ah4 ,by mak+ him ! responsible /ew>d ( ,heav5's b\nties4--,a4 ,s4 ,mag4 cor4 ,:i* ! ,"l1 ! righte\s ,judge1 %all give me at t day4--,,alg]3 #b ,tim41 iv1 #h4 ,! cries ( !m 444 ent]$ into ! e>s ( ! ,"l ( ,sabao?4--,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds3 ,james1 v1 #d4 ,9 ,horeb1 ! ,deity reveal$ himself to ,moses1 z ! ,et]nal ',i ,,am1' ! ,self-exi/5t ,"o2 &1 aft] ! fir/ disc\rag+ int]view ( 8 mess5g]s ) ,ph>aoh1 he r5ew$ 8 promise to !m1 by ! awful "n1 ,,jehovah--a "n till !n unkn[n1 & "o :i* ! ,jews always held x a fe>ful pr(anation to pron\nce4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,& ,god spake unto ,moses1 & said unto him1 ,i am ! ,,"l3 & ,i appe>$ unto ,abraham1 unto ,isaac1 & unto ,jacob1 by ! "n ( ,god ,almighty2 b by my "n ,,jehovah 0 ,i n kn[n to !m4--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds3 ,exod41 vi1 #b4 ,?us sai? ! ,,"l#eag ! ,k+ ( ,israel1 & 8 ,r$eem] ! ,,"l ( ho/s2 ,i am ! ,fir/1 & ,i am ! ,la/2 & besides me !re is no ,god4--,see ,isa41 xliv1 #f4 ,8 impi\s race _! blasphemy r5ew'd1 ,& nature's ,k+1 ?r\gh nature's optics view'd4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4--,,( ,,prop] ,,names4 ,islamism prescribes fa/+ dur+ ! mon? ,ramadan4--,balbi cor4 ,ne> ,mecca1 9 ,arabia1 is ,jebel ,nor1 or ! ,m\nta9 ( ,light1 on ! top ( :i* ! ,mussulmans erect$ a mosque1 t !y might p]=m _! devotions :]e1 accord+ to _! belief1 ,mohamm$ receiv$ f ! angel ,gabriel ! fir/ *apt] ( ! ,koran4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,9 ! ,kaaba at ,mecca !re is a celebrat$ block ( volcanic basalt1 :i* ! ,mohamm$ans v5]ate z ! gift ( ,gabriel to ,abraham1 b _! ance/ors once held x to be an image ( ,remphan1 or ,saturn2 s '! image :i* fell d[n f ,jupit]1' to %>e ) ,diana ! homage ( ! ,ephesians1 0 probably no?+ m ?an a meteoric /one4--,id4 ,:5 ! ,lycaonians at ,ly/ra took ,paul & ,b>nabas to be gods1 !y call$ ! =m] ,m]cury1 on acc\nt ( 8 eloqu5ce1 & ! latt] ,jupit]1 = ! great] dignity ( 8 appe>ance4--,id4 ,( ! writ+s ( ! apo/olic fa!rs ( ! fir/ c5tury1 b few h come d[n to u2 yet we h 9 ^? ( ,b>nabas1 ,clem5t ( ,rome1 ,h]mas1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p1 v c]ta9 evid5ce ( ! au!nticity ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t is a v\*] = ! ,old4--,id4 ,x is said by ,tatian1 t ,!ag5es ( ,rhegium1 9 ! "t ( ,cambyses1 ,/esimbrotus ! ,?racian1 ,antima*us ! ,colophonian1 ,h]odotus ( ,halic>nassus1 ,dionysius ! ,olyn?ian1 ,ephorus ( ,cum1 ,philo*orus ! ,a!nian1 ,metaclides & ,*amleon ! ,p]ipatetics1 & ,z5odotus1 ,ari/ophanes1 ,callima*us1 ,crates1 ,erato/h5es1 ,ari/>*us1 & ,apollodorus1 ! gramm>ians1 all wrote conc]n+ ! poetry1 ! bir?1 & ! age ( ,hom]4--,see ,col]idge's ,introd41 p4 #eg4 ,yet1 = aught t n[ appe>s1 ! life ( ,hom] is z fabul\s z t ( ,h]cules2 & "s h ev5 suspect$1 t1 z ! son ( ,jupit] & ,alcm5a has fa!r$ ! de$s ( =ty o!r ,h]culeses1 s ?is unfa!r$ son ( ,cri!is1 ,!mi/o1 or :atev] dame--?is ,melesig5es1 ,monides1 ,hom]--! bl9d s*oolma/]1 & poet1 ( ,smyrna1 ,*ios1 ,colophon1 ,salamis1 ,rhodes1 ,argos1 ,a!ns1 or :atev] place--has1 by ! help ( ,lycurgus1 ,solon1 ,pisi/ratus1 & o!r le>n$ anci5ts1 be5 made up ( _m poets or ,hom]s1 & set s f> al(t & alo( on old ,p>nassus1 z to become a god 9 ! eyes ( all ,greece1 a wond] 9 ^? ( all ,*ri/5dom4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,:y s sagaci\s 9 y\r guesses8 ,y\r ,effs1 & ,tees1 & ,ars1 & ,esses8--,swift correct$4 ,,"u ,,rule ,v4--,,( ,,titles4 ,! k+ has conf]r$ on him ! title ( ,duke4--,murray cor4 ,at ! c\rt ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4--,prie/ley's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ii2 see ,bullions's1 p4 #bd4 ,! laws ( nature are1 truly1 :at ,"l ,bacon /yles 8 aphorisms1 laws ( laws4--,murray cor4 ,sixtus ! ,f\r? 01 if ,i mi/ake n1 a great collector ( books4--,id4 ,:o at t "t made up ! c\rt ( ,k+ ,*>les ! ,second--,id4 ,9 case ( 8 ,maje/y's dy+ )\t issue4--,kirkham cor4 ,k+ ,*>les ! ,fir/ 0 behead$ 9 #afdi4--,w4 ,all5 cor4 ,he c no m imp>t1 or 7to use ,"l ,bacon's ^w7 transmit convictions4--,kirkham cor4 ,i reside at ,"l ,/ormont's1 my old patron & b5efactor4 ,bett]3 ,i reside ) ,"l ,/ormont1 my old patron & b5efactor4--,murray cor4 ,we /aid a mon? at ,"l ,lyttelton's1 ! ornam5t ( 8 c\ntry4 ,mu* bett]3 ,we /ay$ a mon? at ! seat ( ,"l ,lyttelton1 :o is ! ornam5t ( 8 c\ntry4--,id4 ,^: pr]ogative is x8 ,x is ! ,k+-(-,great- ,brita9's2 #eah--,t is ! ,duke-(-,bridgewat]'s canal2--,! ,bi%op-(-,l&aff's excell5t book2--,! ,"l ,mayor-(-,london's au?ority4--,id4 7,see ,murray's ,note #d? on 8 ,rule #aj?47 ,:y call ye me1 ,"l1 ,"l1 & d n ! ?+s :i* ,i say8--,luke1 vi1 #df4 ,& ( !m he *ose twelve1 :om also he nam$ ,apo/les4--,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,luke1 vi1 #ac4 ,& =?) he came to ,jesus1 & said1 ,hail1 ,ma/]2 & kiss$ him4--,matt41 xxvi1 #di4 ,& he said1 ,nay1 ,fa!r ,abraham3 b if "o w5t unto !m f ! dead1 !y w\ld rep5t4--,bible cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4--,,( ,,"o ,,capital4 ,fallriv]1 a village 9 ,massa*usetts1 population 79 #ahcj7 #c1dca4--,williams cor4 ,dr4 ,&]son di$ at ,we/ham1 9 ,essex1 9 #ahjh4--;,biog4 ,dict4 cor4 ,madriv]1 ! "n ( two t[ns 9 ,cl>k & ,*ampaign c\nties1 ,ohio4--,williams cor4 ,:itecreek1 a t[n ( ,wa%+ton c\nty1 ,new ,york4--,id4 ,saltcreek1 ! "n ( f\r t[ns 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,ohio4--,id4 ,saltlick1 a t[n ( ,fayette c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4--,id4 ,yell[creek1 a t[n ( ,columbiana c\nty1 ,ohio4--,id4 ,:iteclay1 a hundr$ ( ,newca/le c\nty1 ,delaw>e4-- ,id4 ,newca/le1 a t[n & half-%ire ( ,newca/le c\nty1 ,delaw>e4--,id4 ,s+s+1 a village ( ,we/*e/] c\nty1 ,new ,york1 situat$ 9 ! t[n ( ,m\ntpleasant4--,id4 ,we/*e/]1 a c\nty ( ,new ,york3 ,ea/ ,*e/] & ,we/ ,*e/] are t[ns 9 ,we/*e/] c\nty4--,id4 ,we/t[n1 a village ( ,orange c\nty1 ,new ,york4--,id4 ,:itewat]1 a t[n ( ,hamilton c\nty1 ,ohio4--,worce/]'s ,gaz4 ,:itewat] ,riv]1 a consid]able /ream t rises 9 ,indiana1 & fl[+ s\!a/]ly unites ) ! ,miami 9 ,ohio4--,see ib4 ,blackwat]1 a village ( ,hamp%ire1 9 ,engl&1 & a t[n 9 ,irel&4--,see ib4 ,blackwat]1 ! "n ( sev5 diff]5t riv]s1 9 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4--,see ib4 ,r$hook1 a t[n ( ,dut*ess c\nty1 ,new ,york1 on ! ,hudson4--,williams cor4 ,k9d]hook1 a t[n ( ,columbia c\nty1 ,new ,york1 on ! ,hudson4--,williams "r4 ,newfane1 a t[n ( ,niag>a c\nty1 ,new ,york4--,williams cor4 ,lakeport1 a t[n ( ,*icot c\nty1 ,arkansas4--,id4 ,moosehead ,lake1 ! *ief s\rce ( ! ,k5nebeck1 9 ,ma9e4--,id4 7,see ,worce/]'s ,gaz47 ,macdon\gh1 a c\nty ( ,ill9ois1 population 79 #ahcj7 #b1iei4--,williams's ,univ4 ,gaz41 p #djh4 ,macdon\gh1 a c\nty ( ,ill9ois1 ) a c\rt-h\se at ,macomb4--,williams cor4 ,halfmoon1 ! "n ( two t[ns 9 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania2 also ( two bays 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4--,s4 ,williams's ,univ4 ,gaz4 ,leboeuf1 a t[n ( ,erie c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 ne> a small lake ( ! same "n4--,see ib4 ,*>lescity1 ,jamescity1 ,eiizabe?city1 names ( c\nties 9 ,virg9ia1 n cities1 nor t[ns4--,see ,univ4 ,gaz41 p4 #djd4eai ,! sup]ior qualities ( ! wat]s ( ! ,frome1 "h call$ ,/r\dwat]4--,balbi cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii4--,,( ,,two ,,capitals4 ,! ,=? rises on ! nor? side ( ,b5 ,lomond1 & runs ea/]ly4--,glasg[ ,geog41 #hvo1 correct$4 ,! r$ granite ( ,b5 ,nevis is said to be ! f9e/ 9 ! _w4--,id4 ,b5 ,m1 9 ,p]?%ire1 is #c1iae feet above ! level ( ! sea4--,id4 ,! height ( ,b5 ,cleagh is #b1dbj feet4--,id4 ,9 ,su!rl& & ,cai?ness1 are ,b5 ,ormod1 ,b5 ,clibeg1 ,b5 ,gr91 ,b5 ,hope1 & ,b5 ,lugal4--,glas4 ,geog4 "r4 ,b5 ,vracky is #b1gef feet high2 ,b5 ,l$i1 #c1jji2 & ,b5 ,voirloi*1 #c1cjj4--;,glas4 ,geog4 cor4 ,! riv] ,do*>t gives ! "n ( ,gl5 ,do*>t to ! vale ?r\gh :i* x runs4--,id4 ,ab\t t5 miles f its s\rce1 x ! ,tay diffuses itself into ,lo* ,do*>t4--,glasg[ ,geog41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cad4 ,,lakes3--,lo* ,ard1 ,lo* ,a*ray1 ,lo* ,con1 ,lo* ,do9e1 ,lo* ,katr9e1 ,lo* ,lomond1 ,lo* ,voil4--,scott correct$4 ,,gl5s3--,gl5 ,f9las1 ,gl5 ,fru91 ,gl5 ,luss1 ,ross ,dhu1 ,lev5 ,gl51 ,/ra? ,endrick1 ,/ra? ,g>tney4 ,/ra? ,ire4--,id4 ,,m\nta9s3--,b5 ,an1 ,b5 ,h>r[1 ,b5 ,l$i1 ,b5 ,lomond1 ,b5 ,voirli*1 ,b5 ,v5ue1 or1 7z "s spell x17 ,b5 ,iv5ew4--,id4#ebj ,f5elon di$ 9 #agae1 deeply lam5t$ by all ! inhabitants ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4--,murray cor4 ,& ,ph>aoh ,ne*o#eba made ,eliakim1 ! son ( ,josiah1 k+4--,see ,,alg]3 #b ,k+s1 xiii1 #cd4 ,^? :o seem s m]ry & well pleas$1 call h] ,good ,=tune2 b ! o!rs1 :o weep & wr+ _! h&s1 ,bad ,=tune4--,colli] cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii4--,,( ,,comp\nds4 ,:5 ,joab return$1 & smote ,edom 9 ! ,valley ( ,salt--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,ps4 lx1 title4 ,!n ,paul /ood 9 ! mid/ ( ,m>s ,hill1 & said1 c4--,scott cor4 ,& at night he w5t out1 & abode 9 ! m\nt t is call$ ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4--,bible cor4 ,abgillus1 son ( ! k+ ( ! ,frisii1 surnam$ ,pre/] ,john1 0 9 ! ,holy ,l& ) ,*>lemagne4--,u4 ,biog4 ,dict4 cor4 ,cape ,palmas1 9 ,africa1 divides ! ,gra9 ,coa/ f ! ,ivory ,coa/4--,dict4 ( ,geog4 cor4 ,! ,nor? ,esk1 fl[+ f ,lo* ,lee1 falls into ! sea ?ree miles nor? ( ,montrose4--,id4 ,at ,que5's ,f]ry1 ! *annel ( ! ,=? is contract$ by promontories on bo? coa/s4--,id4 ,! ,*e/nut ,ridge is ab\t tw5ty-five miles we/ ( ! ,alleghanies1 & ,laurel ,ridge1 t5 miles fur!r we/4--,balbi cor4 ,wa%+ton ,city1 ! metropolis ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica4--,williams1 ,u4 ,caz41 p4 #chj4 ,wa%+ton ,city1 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 population 79 #ahcj7 #ah1hbf4--,williams cor4 ,! l(tie/ peak ( ! ,:ite ,m\nta9s1 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 is call$ ,m\nt ,wa%+ton4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,m\nt's ,bay1 9 ! we/ ( ,engl&1 lies betwe5 ! ,l&'s ,end & ,liz>d ,po9t4--,id4 ,salamis1 an isl& ( ! ,egean ,sea1 (f ! s\!rn coa/ ( ! anci5t ,attica4--,dict4 ( ,geog4 ,rhodes1 an isl& ( ! ,egean ,sea1 ! l>ge/ & mo/ ea/]ly ( ! ,cyclades4--,id4 cor4 ,b he ov]?rew ,ph>aoh & 8 ho/ 9 ! ,r$ ,sea4--,,scott3 ,ps4 cxxxvi1 #ae4 ,b !y provok$ him at ! sea1 ev5 at ! ,r$ ,sea4--,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds3 ,ps4 cvi1 #g4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ix4--,,( ,,apposition4 ,at t "t1 ,h]od ! tetr>* he>d ( ! fame ( ,jesus4--,,scott1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,matt41 xiv1 #a4 ,:o has be5 m dete/$ ?an ,judas ! traitor8--,g4 ,br[n4 ,/4 ,luke ! evangeli/ 0 a physician ( ,antio*1 & "o ( ! conv]ts ( ,/4 ,paul4--,id4 ,lu!r1 ! re=m]1 began 8 bold c>e] by prea*+ aga9/ papal indulg5ces4--,id4 ,! poet ,lydgate 0 a disciple & admir] ( ,*auc]3 he di$ 9 #addj4--;,id4 ,! gramm>ian ,v>ro1 '! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,romans1'#ebb wrote ?ree books :5 he 0 eighty ye>s old4--,id4 ,john ,despaut]1 ! great gramm>ian ( ,fl&]s1 ^: works are /ill valu$1 di$ 9 #aebj4--;,id4 ,n]o1 ! emp]or & tyrant ( ,rome1 slew himself to avoid a worse dea?4--,id4 ,cic]o ! orator1 '! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry1' 0 assass9at$ at ! age ( #fd4--;,id4 ,euripides1 ! ,greek trag$ian1 0 born 9 ! isl& ( ,salamis1 ,b4 ,c4 #dgf4--;,id4 ,i w say unto ,god my rock1 ,:y ha/ ?\ =gott5 me8--,,alg]1 ,,et ,,al43 ,ps4 xlii1 #i4 ,/at5 ,isl&1 an isl& ( ,new ,york1 n9e miles bel[ ,new ,york city4--,williams cor4 ,:5 ! son ( ,atreus1 k+ ( m51 & ! noble ,a*illes fir/ sep>at$4--,col]idge cor4 ,h]mes1 8 patron-god1 ^? gifts be/['d1 ,^: %r9e ) weanl+ lambs he wont to load4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,x4--,,( ,,p]sonifications4 ,b ,wisdom is ju/ifi$ ( all h] *ildr54--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,luke1 vii1 #ce4 ,=tune & ! ,*ur* are g5]ally put 9 ! fem99e g5d]3 t is1 :5 p]sonifi$4 ,g to y\r ,natural ,religion2 lay be=e h] ,mahomet & 8 disciples4--,bp4 ,%]lock4 ,o ,dea?6 :]e is ?y /+8 ,o ,grave6 :]e is ?y victory4--,pope3 #a ,cor41 xv1 #ee2 ,m]*ant's ,gram41 p4 #agb4 ,ye _c s]ve ,god & ,mammon4--,matt41 vi1 #bd4 ,ye _c s]ve ,god & ,mammon--,see ,luke1 xvi1 #ac4 ,?is h\se 0 built z if ,suspicion h]self _h dictat$ ! plan4--,rasselas4 ,poetry di/+ui%es h]self f ,prose1 by yield+ to a musical law4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #eja4 ,my beaute\s deliv]] ?us utt]$ h] div9e in/ructions3 ',my "n is ,religion4 ,i am ! (fspr+ ( ,tru? & ,love1 & ! p>5t ( ,b5evol5ce1 ,hope1 & ,joy4 ,t mon/]1 f ^: p[] ,i h fre$ y1 is call$ ,sup]/ition3 %e is call$ ! *ild ( ,discont5t1 & h] foll[]s are ,fe> & ,sorr[4'--,e4 ,c>t]4 ,nei!r ,hope nor ,fe> c\ld ent] ! retreats2 & ,habit _h s absolute a p[]1 t ev5 ,consci5ce1 if ,religion _h employ$ h] 9 _! fav\r1 w\ld n h be5 able to =ce an entrance4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,9 colleges & halls 9 anci5t days1 ,!re dwelt a sage call$ ,discipl9e4--,c[p]4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi4--,,( ,,d]ivatives4 ,9 ,engli%1 ,i w\ld h ,gallicisms avoid$4--,felton4 ,sallu/ 0 born 9 ,italy1 #he ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4--,murray cor42 ,dr4 ,doddridge 0 n only a great man1 b "o ( ! mo/ excell5t & useful ,*ri/ians1 & ,*ri/ian m9i/]s4--,id4 ,!y corrupt _! /yle ) untutor$ ,anglicisms--,milton4 ,alb]t ( ,/ade1 au?or ( a *ronicle f ! creation to #abhf1 a ,b5$ict9e ( ! #ac? c5tury4--,biog4 ,dict4 cor4 ,graffio1 a ,jesuit ( ,capua 9 ! #af? c5tury1 au?or ( two volumes on moral subjects4--,id4 ,!y ,fr5*ify & ,italianize words :5ev] !y c4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #hf4 ,he :o sells a ,*ri/ian1 sells ! grace ( ,god4--,mag4 cor4 ,! fir/ p]secution aga9/ ! ,*ri/ians1 "u ,n]o1 began ,a4 ,d4 #fd4--;,gregory cor4 ,p4 ,rap91 ! ,jesuit1 uni=mly decides 9 fav\r ( ! ,roman writ]s4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdh4 ,! ,roman poet & ,epicurean philosoph] ,lucretius has said1 c4--,coh5 cor4 ,spell ,calv9i/ic1 ,atticism1 ,go?icism1 ,epicurism1 ,jesuitism1 ,sabianism1 ,soc9ianism1 ,anglican1 ,anglicism1 ,anglicize1 ,v&alism1 ,gallicism1 & ,romanize4--,web/] cor4 ,! l>ge ,t]nate bat4--,id4 & ,bolles cor4 ,*ur*-ladd]s are n always m\nt$ be/ ,by le>n$ cl]ks1 & ,lat9i/s pr(ess'd--,c[p] cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii4--,,( ,i ,,& ,o4 ,fall back1 fall back2 ,i h n room3--,o6 me?9ks ,i see a c\ple :om ,i %\ld "k4--,lucian4 ,nay1 ,i live z ,i did1 ,i ?9k z ,i did1 ,i love y z ,i did2 b all ^! are to no purpose2 ! _w w n live1 ?9k1 or love1 z ,i d4--,swift to ,pope4 ,:i!r1 ,o6 :i!r %all ,i fly8 ,o wret*$ pr9ce6 ,o cruel rev]se ( =tune6 ,o fa!r ,micipsa6 is ?is ! consequ5ce ( ?y g5]osity8--,tr4 ( ,sallu/4 ,:5 ,i 0 a *ild1 ,i spake z a *ild1 ,i und]/ood z a *ild1 ,i ?\ght z a *ild2 b :5 ,i became a man1 ,i put away *ildi% ?+s4--#a ,cor41 xiii1 #aa4 ,& ,i he>d1 b ,i und]/ood n2 !n said ,i1 ,o my ,"l1 :at %all be ! end ( ^! ?+s8--,dan41 xii1 #h4 ,"h am ,i2 ,i ?9k ,i am v good1 & ,i am q sure ,i am v happy1 yet ,i nev] wrote a treatise 9 my life4--,few ,days 9 ,a!ns1 p4 #abg4 ,s+ul>1 ,vocative1 ,o ma/]6 ,plural1 ,vocative1 ,o ma/]s6--,bicknell cor4 ,i1 ,i am he2 ,o fa!r6 rise1 behold ,?y son1 ) tw5ty w9t]s n[ gr[n old6 --,pope's ,odyssey1 ,b4 #bd1 l4 #cge4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,( ,,poetry4 ,reason's :ole pleasure1 all ! joys ( s5se1 ,lie 9 ?ree words--heal?1 peace1 & compet5ce2 ,b heal? consi/s ) temp]ance alone1 ,& peace1 ,o ,virtue6 peace is all ?y own4--,pope4 ,obs]ve ! language well 9 all y write1 ,& sw]ve n f x 9 y\r l(tie/ flight4 ,! smoo!/ v]se & ! exacte/ s5se ,displease u1 if ill ,engli% give (f5ce3 ,a b>b>\s phrase no read] c approve2 ,nor bomba/1 noise1 or affectation love4 ,9 %ort1 )\t pure language1 :at y write ,c nev] yield u pr(it or delight4 ,take "t = ?9k+2 nev] "w 9 ha/e2 ,& value n y\rself = writ+ fa/4--,dryd54 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,( ,,examples4 ,! ^w r is v prop]ly us$ to express a small degree or excess ( a quality2 z1 ',%e is r pr(use 9 h] exp5ses4'--,murray cor4 ,nei!r imports n ei!r2 t is1 n "o nor ! o!r3 z1 ',nei!r ( my fri5ds 0 !re4'--,id4 ,:5 we say1 ',he is a tall man1'--',?is is a fair day1' we make "s ref]5ce to ! ord9>y size ( m51 & to diff]5t wea!r4--,id4 ,we m readily say1 ',a million ( m51' ?an1 ',a ?\s& ( m54'--,id4 ,s 9 ! in/ances1 ',two & two are f\r2'--',! fif? & six? volumes w complete ! set ( books4'--,id4 ,! adjective may frequ5tly ei!r prec$e or foll[ ! v]b3 z1 ',! man is happy2' or1 ',happy is ! man2'--',! int]view 0 delightful2' or1 ',delightful 0 ! int]view4'--,id4 ,if we say1 ',he writes a p52'--',!y ran ! riv]2'--',! t[] fell ! ,greeks2'--',lambe? is ,we/m9/] ,abbey2'--we speak absurdly2 &1 x is evid5t1 !re is a vacancy :i* mu/ be fill$ up by "s connect+ ^w3 z ?us1 ',he writes ) a p52'--',!y ran t[>ds ! riv]2'--',! t[] fell ^u ! ,greeks2'--',lambe? is ov] aga9/ ,we/m9/] ,abbey4'--,id4 ,let me repeat x2--,he only is great1 :o has ! habits ( greatness4--,id4 ,i say n unto !e1 ,until sev5 times2 b1 ,until sev5ty times sev54--,matt41 xviii1 #bb4 ,! ,pan!r smil'd at ?is2 &1 ',:51' said %e1 ',7 ^? fir/ c\ncils disall['d by me8'--,dryd4 cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv4--,,( ,,*ief ,,words4 ,! supreme c\ncil ( ! nation is call$ ! ,divan4--,balbi cor4 ,! ,briti% ,p>liam5t is compos$ ( ,k+1 ,lords1 & ,commons4--,comly's ,gram41 p4 #abi2 & ,jaudon's1 #abg4 ,a popul> orator 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons has a sort ( pat5t = co9+ z _m new t]ms z he pleases4--,see ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afi2 ,murray's ,gram41 #cfd4 ,!y may all be tak5 toge!r1 z "o "n2 z1 ',! ,h\se ( ,commons4'--,m]*ant cor4 ,intru/$ to p]sons 9 :om ! ,p>liam5t c\ld confide4--,murray cor4 ,= ',! ,lords' ,h\se1' x 7 c]ta9ly bett] to say1 ',! ,h\se ( ,lords2' &1 9 /ead ( ',! ,commons' vote1' to say4 ',! vote ( ! ,commons4'--,id4 & ,prie/ley cor4 ,! ,h\se ( ,lords 7 s mu* influ5c$ by ^! reasons4--,iidem4 ,rhetoricians commonly divide !m into two great classes2 ,figures ( ,words1 & ,figures ( ,?\ght4 ,! =m]1 ,figures ( ,words1 are commonly call$ ,tropes4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ccg4 ,p]haps1 ,figures ( ,imag9ation1 & ,figures ( ,passion1 might be a m useful di/ribution4--,ib4 ,hi!rto we h consid]$ s5t5ces1 "u ! heads ( ,p]spicuity1 ,unity1 & ,/r5g?4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cef4 ,! ^w is !n depos'd2 &1 9 ?is view1 ,y rule ! ,scripture1 n ! ,scripture y4--,dryd4 cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,( ,,ne$less ,,capitals4 ,be ( good *e]2 x is ,i2 be n afraid4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible1 ,,& ,,scott',s3 ,matt41 xiv1 #bg4 ,betwe5 passion & ly+1 !re is n a f+]'s bread?4--,mur4 cor4 ,c our solicitude alt] ! c\rse1 or unravel ! intricacy1 ( human ev5ts8 ,! la/ edition 0 c>efully comp>$ ) ! orig9al manuscript4--,id4 ,& ! gov]nor ask$ him1 say+1 ,art ?\ ! k+ ( ! ,jews8--,,scott3 ,matt41 xxvii1 #aa4 ,let !m be turn$ back = a rew>d ( _! %ame1 t say1 ,aha1 aha6--,,scott ,,et ,,al43 ,ps41 lxx1 #c4 ,let !m be desolate = a rew>d ( _! %ame1 t say unto me1 ,aha1 aha6--,,iidem3 ,ps41 xl1 #ae4 ,:at ?9k ye ( ,*ri/8 ^: son is he8 ,!y say unto him1 ,! son ( ,david4 ,he sai? unto !m1 ,h[ !n do? ,david 9 _s call him ,"l8--,,alg]3 ,matt41 xxii1 #db1 #dc4 ,among all ?+s 9 ! univ]se1 direct y\r wor%ip to ! greate/4 ,& :i* is t8 ,x is t ,be+ :o manages & gov]ns all ! re/4--,colli]'s ,anton9us cor4 ,z = mode/y & good fai?1 tru? & ju/ice1 !y h left ?is wick$ _w & retir$ to heav52 & n[ :at is x t c keep y "h8--,idem4 ,if pulse ( v]se a nation's temp] %[s1 ,9 ke5 iambics ,engli% metre fl[s4--,brightl& cor4 ,,promiscu\s ,,corrections ,,respect+ ,,capitals4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,come1 g5tle ,spr+1 e!real mildness1 come4--,?omson's ,seasons1 p4 #bi4 ,z1 ,he is ! ,cic]o ( 8 age2--,he is read+ ! ,lives ( ! ,twelve ,cs>s2--or1 if no p>ticul> book is meant1--! lives ( ! twelve ,cs>s2 7z x is 9 ,fisk's ,gramm>1 p4 #eg27 = ! s5t5ce1 z x /&s 9 ,murray1 is ambigu\s4 ,9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,h5ry ! ,f\r?1 by ,fa!r ,daniel1 we are surpris$ at n f9d+ him ! great man4--,smollett's ,voltaire1 ,vol4 v1 p4 #hb4 ,d n ^? same poor peasants use ! lev]1 & ! w$ge1 & _m o!r in/rum5ts8--,h>ris & ,mur4 cor4 ,ari?metic is excell5t = ! gaug+ ( liquors2 geometry1 = ! measur+ ( e/ates2 a/ronomy1 = ! mak+ ( almanacs2 & gramm>1 p]haps1 = ! draw+ ( bonds & conveyances4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bhh4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,w>s ( ,fl&]s1 writt5 9 ,lat9 by ,famianus ,/rada1 is a book ( "s note4--,blair cor4 ,william is a n\n4 ,:y8 ,0 is a v]b4 ,:y8 ,a is an article4 ,:y8 ,v is an adv]b4 ,:y8 c4--,m]*ant cor4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & t ,^w 0 ) ,god1 & ,god 0 t ,^w4--,see ,gospel ( ,john1 i1 #a4 ,! ,greeks are num]\s 9 ,!ssaly1 ,mac$onia1 ,romelia1 & ,albania4--,balbi's ,geog41 p4 #cfj4 ,he ! ,gr& ,seignior is /yl$ by ! ,turks1 ,sultan1 ,mighty1 or ,padi%ah1 ,"l4--,balbi cor4 ,i w ransom !m f ! p[] ( ! grave2 ,i w r$eem !m f dea?4 ,o ,dea?6 ,i w be ?y plague2 ,o ,grave6 ,i w be ?y de/ruction4--,bible cor4 ,silv] & gold h ,i none2 b su* z ,i h1 give ,i unto !e4--,see ,acts1 iii1 #f4 ,return1 we besee* !e1 ,o ,god ( ho/s6 look d[n f heav51 & behold1 & visit ?is v9e4--,see ,psalm lxxx1 #ad4 ,9 ! ,attic commonweal?1 x 0 ! privilege ( e citiz5 to rail 9 public4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #caf4 ,!y ass]t1 t 9 ! phrases1 ',,give me t1'--',?is is ,john's1' &1 ',su* 7 "s ( y1'--! words 9 ,italics are pron\ns2 b t1 9 ! foll[+ phrases1 !y are n pron\ns3 ',?is book is in/ructive2'--',"s boys are +5i\s2'--',my heal? is decl9+2'--',our he>ts are deceitful4'--,murray p>tly correct$4#ebc ,& ! coa/ b5ds aga9 to ! nor?we/1 z f> z ,f>\t ,head4--,geog4 cor4 ,dr4 ,web/]1 & o!r mak]s ( spell+-books1 v improp]ly write ,sunday1 ,monday1 ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday1 ,friday1 & ,saturday1 )\t capitals4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,! comm&] 9 *ief ( ! ,turki% navy is /yl$ ! ,capitan ,pa*a4--,balbi cor4 ,%all we n mu* r be 9 subjection unto ! ,fa!r ( spirits1 & live8--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,heb41 xii1 #i4 ,he ,dr4 ,beattie 0 m anxi\s to atta9 ! "* ( a ,*ri/ian h]o4--,murray cor4 ,beautiful = situation1 ! joy ( ! :ole e>?1 is ,m\nt ,zion4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #cic4 ,! ,"l is my help]1 & ,i w n fe> :at man %all d unto me4--,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,heb41 xiii1 #f4 ,make ha/e to help me1 ,o ,,"l my salvation4--,,iidem3 ,psalms1 xxxviii1 #bb4 ,! city :i* ?\ see/1 no o!r deem ,?an great & glori\s ,rome1 que5 ( ! e>?4 --,p>adise ,rega9$1 ,b4 iv4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,t range ( hills1 kn[n "u ! g5]al "n ( ,m\nt ,jura4--,acc\nt ( ,g5eva4 ,he rebuk$ ! ,r$ ,sea also1 & x 0 dri$ up4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,ps4 cvi1 #i4 ,jesus w5t unto ! ,m\nt ( ,olives4--,bible cor4 ,milton's book 9 reply to ! ,def5ce ( ! ,k+1 by ,salmasius1 ga9$ him a ?\s& p\nds f ! ,p>liam5t1 & kill$ 8 antagoni/ ) vexation4--,g4 ,b4 ,m&eville1 ,sir ,john1 an ,engli%man fam\s = 8 travels1 born ab\t #acjj1 di$ 9 #acgb4--;,b4 ,dict4 cor4 ,ettrick ,p51 a m\nta9 9 ,selkirk%ire1 ,scotl&1 height #b1bjj feet4--,g4 ,geog4 cor4 ,! coa/ b5ds f ,dungsby ,head1 9 a nor?we/ direction1 to ! promontory ( ,dunnet ,head4--,id4 ,g5]al ,ga9es ord]$ a deta*m5t ( ne>ly #cjj m51 "u ! comm& ( ,major ,twiggs1 to surr\nd & take an ,indian village1 call$ ,f[lt[n1 ab\t f\rte5 miles f ,=t ,scott4--,coh5 ,cor4 ,& he took ! damsel by ! h&1 & said unto h]1 ',tali?a1 cumi4'--,bible ,editors cor4 ,on religi\s subjects1 a frequ5t adoption ( ,scripture language is att5d$ ) peculi> =ce4--,murray cor4 ,contemplat$ ) gratitude to _! ,au?or1 ! ,giv] ( all good4--,id4 ,:5 he1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 is come1 he w guide y into all ! tru?1--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,et ,,al43 ,john1 xvi1 #ac4 ,see ! ,lecture on ,v]bs1 ,rule ,,xv1 ,note #d?4--,fisk cor4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ,lecture #b;d1 ,i in=m$ y t ,etymology treats1 ?irdly1 ( d]ivation4--,kirkham cor4 ,?is #h? ,lecture is a v important "o4--,id4 ,n[ read ! #aa? & #ab? lectures1 f\r or five times ov]4--,id4 ,9 #ageb1 he ,h5ry ,home 0 advanc$ to ! b5*1 "u ! title ( ,"l ,kames4--,murray cor4 ,"o ( 8 maxims 01 ',"k ?yself4'--,lempri]e cor4 ,good ,ma/]1 :at good ?+ %all ,i d1 t ,i may h et]nal life8--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,matt41 xix1 #af4 ,8 be/ kn[n works1 h[ev]1 ,john ,almon's are1 ',anecdotes ( ! ,life ( ! ,e>l ( ,*a?am1' #b vols4 #dto1 #c vols4 #hvo2 & ',biographical1 ,lit]>y1 & ,political ,anecdotes ( sev]al ( ! ,mo/ ,em95t ,p]sons ( ! ,pres5t ,age2 nev] be=e pr9t$1' #c vols4 #hvo1 #agig4--;,biog4 ,dict4 cor4 ,o g5tle ,sleep1 ,nature's s(t nurse1 h[ h ,i fright$ !e8--,,%ak43 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #age4 ,& peace1 ,o ,virtue6 peace is all ?y own4--,pope et al4 cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,f5elon unit$ ! *>act]s ( a nobleman & a ,*ri/ian pa/or4 ,8 book entitl$1 ',an ,explication ( ! ,maxims ( ! ,sa9ts1 conc]n+ ! ,int]ior ,life1' gave consid]able (f5ce to ! gu>dians ( or?odoxy4--,murray cor4 ,:5 ,natural ,religion1 :o be=e 0 only a spectator1 is introduc$ z speak+ by ! ,c5turion's voice4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cdg4 ,y _c d5y1 t ! great ,mov] & ,au?or ( nature con/antly expla9e? himself to ! eyes ( m51 by ! s5sible int]v5tion ( arbitr>y signs1 :i* h no similitude to1 or connexion )1 ! ?+s signifi$4--,b]kley cor4 ,! "n ( ?is lett] is ,d\ble-u1 its =m1 t ( a d\ble ,v4--,dr4 ,wilson cor4 ,murray1 9 8 ,spell+-,book1 wrote ,*>le/[n ) a hyph5 & two capitals4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,he also wrote ,european )\t a capital4--,id4 ,!y pr(ess !mselves to be ,ph>isees1 :o are to be he>d & n imitat$4--,calv9 cor4 ,dr4 ,web/] wrote bo? ,ne:av5 & ,new ,york ) s+le capitals4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,gay ,head1 ! we/ po9t ( ,m>?a's ,v9ey>d4--,williams cor4 ,write ,crab ,or*>d1 ,egg ,h>b\r1 ,long ,isl&1 ,p]? ,amboy1 ,we/ ,hampton1 ,little ,compton1 ,new ,paltz1 ,cr[n ,po9t1 ,fell's ,po9t1 ,s&y ,hook1 ,port ,p5n1 ,port ,royal1 ,porto ,bello1 & ,porto ,rico4'--,g4 ,br[n4 ,write ! names ( ! mon?s3 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 ,april1 ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 ,octob]1 ,novemb]1 ,decemb]4--,id4 ,write ! foll[+ names & words prop]ly3 ,tuesday1 ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday1 ,friday1 ,saturday1 ,saturn2--,*ri/1 ,*ri/ian1 ,*ri/mas1 ,*ri/5dom1 ,mi*aelmas1 ,indian1 ,bac*anals2--,ea/ ,hampton1 ,omega1 ,johannes1 ,aonian1 ,levitical1 ,deut]onomy1 ,european4--,id4 ,eight lett]s 9 "s syllables we f9d1 ,& no m syllables 9 words are jo9'd4--,brightl& cor4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,( ,,syllables4 ,,corrections ,,( ,,false ,,syllabication4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,consonants4 #a4 ,correction ( ,murray1 9 words ( two syllables3 civ-il1 col-our1 cop-y1 dam-ask1 doz-en1 ev-er1 fea?-er1 ga?-er1 heav-en1 heav-y1 hon-ey1 lem-on1 l9-en1 mead-ow1 mon-ey1 nev-er1 ol-ive1 or-ange1 o?-er1 pheas-ant1 pleas-ant1 pun-i%1 ra?-er1 read-y1 riv-er1 rob-91 s*ol-ar1 %ov-el1 /om-a*1 tim-id1 :i?-er4 #b4 ,correction ( ,murray1 9 words ( ?ree syllables3 b5-e-fit1 cab-i-net1 c-is-t]1 cat-a-logue1 *>-ac-t]1 *>-i-ty1 cov-et-ous1 dil-i-g5ce1 dim-i-ty1 el-e-phant1 ev-i-d5t1 ev-er-gre51 friv-o-l\s1 ga?-er-+1 g5-er-ous1 gov-ern-ess1 gov-ern-or1 hon-e/-y1 kal-en-d>1 lav-en-d]1 lev-er-et1 lib-er-al1 mem-or-y1 m9-is-t]1 mod-e/-ly1 nov-el-ty1 no-bod-y1 p>-a-dise1 pov-er-ty1 pres-ent-ly1 prov-i-d5ce1 prop-er-ly1 pris-on-er1 rav-en-ous1 sat-is-fy1 sev-er-al1 sep-ar-ate1 trav-el-l]1 vag-a-bond2--con-sid-er1 con-t9-ue1 de-liv-er1 dis-cov-er1 dis-fig-ure1 dis-hon-e/1 dis-trib-ute1 9-hab-x1 me-*an-ic1 :at-ev-er2--rec-om-m5d1 ref-u-gee1 rep-ri-m&4 #c4 ,correction ( ,murray1 9 words ( f\r syllables3 cat-er-pil-l>1 *>-i-ta-ble1 dil-i-g5t-ly1 mis-er-a-ble1 pr(-x-a-ble1 tol-er-a-ble2--be-nev-o-l5t1 con-sid-er-ate1 di-m9-u-tive1 ex-p]-i-m5t1 ex-trav-a-gant1 9-hab-i-tant1 no-bil-i-ty1 p>-tic-u-l>1 pros-p]-i-ty1 ri-dic-u-l\s1 s9-c]-i-ty2--dem-on-/ra-tion1 ed-u-ca-tion1 em-u-la-tion1 ep-i-dem-ic1 mal-e-fac-tor1 man-u-fac-ture1 mem-o-ran-dum1 mod-er-a-tor1 p>-a-lyt-ic1 p5-i-t5-tial1 res-ig-na-tion1 sat-is-fac-tion1 sem-i-co-lon4 #d4 ,correction ( ,murray1 9 words ( five syllables3 a-bom-i-na-ble1 a-po?-e-ca-ry1 con-sid-er-a-ble1 ex-plan-a-to-ry1 pre-p>-a-to-ry2-- ac-a-dem-i-cal1 cu-ri-os-i-ty1 ge-o-graph-i-cal1 man-u-fac-tor-y1 sat-is-fac-tor-y1 m]-i-to-ri-ous2--*>-ac-t]-is-tic1 ep-i-gram-mat-ic1 ex-p]-i-m5t-al1 pol-y-syl-la-ble1 con-sid-er-a-tion4 #e4 ,correction ( ,murray1 9 ! division ( prop] names3 ,hel-en1 ,leon-ard1 ,phil-ip1 ,rob-ert1 ,hor-ace1 ,?om-z2--,c>-o-l9e1 ,ca?-a-r9e1 ,dan-i-el1 ,deb-o-rah1 ,dor-o-?y1 ,fr$-er-ick1 ,is-a-bel1 ,jon-a-?an1 ,lyd-i-a1 ,ni*-o-las1 ,ol-i-v]1 ,sam-u-el1 ,sim-e-on1 ,sol-o-mon1 ,tim-o-?y1 ,val-en-t9e2--,a-m]-i-ca1 ,b>-?ol-o-mew1 ,e-liz-a-be?1 ,na-?an-i-el1 ,pe-nel-o-pe1 ,!-oph-i-lus4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 #a4 ,correction ( ,web/]1 by ,rule #a/3--ca-price1 e-/eem1 dis-e-/eem1 o-blige2--a-zure1 ma-tron1 pa-tron1 pha-lanx1 si-r51 trai-tor1 tr5-*]1 b>-b]1 bur-ni%1 g>-ni%1 t>-ni%1 v>-ni%1 m>-ket1 mus-ket1 pam-phlet2--bra-v]-y1 kna-v]-y1 sla-v]-y1 e-v5-+1 sce-n]-y1 bri-b]-y1 ni-ce-ty1 *i-ca-n]-y1 ma-*9-er-y1 im-a-g]-y2--a-sy-lum1 ho-ri-zon1--f9-an-ci]1 h]-o-ism1 s>-d-nyx1 scur-ri-l\s1--co-me-di-an1 pos-te-ri-or4 #b4 ,correction ( ,web/]1 by ,rule #b;d3 o-y]1 fo-li-o1 ge-ni-al1 ge-ni-u1 ju-ni-or1 sa-ti-ate1 vi-ti-ate2--am-bro-si-a1 *a-me-le-on1 p>-he-li-on1 con-ve-ni-ent1 9-ge-ni-ous1 om-nis-ci-ence1 pe-cu-li-ar1 s-ci-a-ble1 p>-ti-al-i-ty1 pe-cu-ni-a-ry2--an-nun-ci-ate1 e-nun-ci-ate1 ap-pre-ci-ate1 z-s-ci-ate1 ex-pa-ti-ate1 9-gra-ti-ate1 9-i-ti-ate1 li-c5-ti-ate1 ne-g-ti-ate1 no-vi-ti-ate1 (-fi-ci-ate1 pro-pi-ti-ate1 sub-/an-ti-ate4 #c4 ,correction ( ,cobb & ,web/]1 by ea* o!r1 "u ,rule #c;d3 dress-er1 ha/-y1 pa/-ry1 seiz-ure1 roll-er1 je/-er1 weav-er1 vamp-er1 h&-y1 dross-y1 gloss-y1 mov-er1 mov-+1 ooz-y1 full-er1 tru/-y1 weight-y1 nois-y1 dr[s-y1 sw>?-y4--,web/]4 ,aga93 ea/-ern1 ful-ly1 pul-let1 ril-let1 scant-y1 ne$-y4--,cobb4 #d4 ,correction ( ,web/] & ,cobb1 "u ,rule #d?3 a-wry1 a-?w>t1 pros-pect-ive1 pa-r5-!-sis1 re-si/-i-bil-i-ty1 hem-i-sph]-ic1 mon-o-/i*1 hem-i-/i*1 to-w>ds4 #e4 ,correction ( ! words "u ,rule #e?2 ,eng-l&1 an o?-er1#ebd ,be?-es-da1 ,be?-ab-a-ra4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 #a4 ,correction ( ,cobb1 by ,rule #c;d3 b5d-er1 bless-+1 brass-y1 *aff-y1 *ant-er1 clasp-er1 craft-y1 curd-y1 f5d-er1 film-y1 fu/-y1 glass-y1 graft-er1 grass-y1 gu/-y1 h&-ed1 mass-y1 musk-y1 ru/-y1 swell-+1 tell-er1 te/-ed1 ?rift-y1 ve/-ure4 #b4 ,corrections ( ,web/]1 mo/ly by ,rule #a/3 b>-b]1 bur-ni%1 bris-ket1 c-k]1 *>-t]1 cuc-koo1 fur-ni%1 g>-ni%1 guilt-y1 han-k]1 lus-ty1 por-tal1 t>-ni%1 tes-tate1 tes-ty1 trai-tor1 trea-ty1 v>-ni%1 ves-tal1 di-ur-nal1 e-t]-nal1 9-f]-nal1 9-t]-nal1 ma-t]-nal1 noc-tur-nal1 pa-t]-nal4 #c4 ,corrections ( ,web/]1 mo/ly by ,rule #a/3 ar-mor-y1 ar-t]-y1 but*-er-y1 cook-er-y1 eb-on-y1 em-er-y1 ev-er-y1 fel-on-y1 fop-p]-y1 frip-p]-y1 gal-l]-y1 8-tor-y1 liv-er-y1 lot-t]-y1 mock-er-y1 mys-t]-y1#ebe nun-n]-y1 or-r]-y1 pil-lor-y1 quack-er-y1 sor-c]-y1 wit*-er-y4 #d4 ,corrections ( ,cobb1 mo/ly by ,rule #a/3 an-kle1 bas-ket1 blan-ket1 buc-kle1 cac-kle1 cran-kle1 cr9-kle1 ,eas-t]1 fic-kle1 frec-kle1 knuc-kle1 m>-ket1 mon-key1 por-tress1 pic-kle1 p\l-tice1 pun-*eon1 quad-rant1 quad-rate1 squad-ron1 ran-kle1 %ac-kle1 spr9-kle1 t9-kle1 tw9-kle1 wr9-kle4 #e4 ,corrections ( ,em]son1 by ,rules #a/ & #c;d3 z-cribe1 blan-di%1 bran*-y1 cl\d-y1 du/-y1 dre>-y1 e-v5-+1 fault-y1 fil?-y1 fro/-y1 gaud-y1 gloom-y1 heal?-y1 he>k-en1 he>t-y1 ho>-y1 leak-y1 l\n-g]1 m>%-y1 might-y1 milk-y1 naught-y1 pass-+1 pit*-er1 read-y1 rock-y1 spe$-y1 /ead-y1 /orm-y1 ?ir/-y1 ?orn-y1 tru/-y1 ve/-ry1 we/-ern1 weal?-y4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,( ,,words4 ,,corrections ,,respect+ ,,! ,,figure1 ,,or ,,=m1 ,,( ,,words4 ,,rule ,i4--,,comp\nds4 ,pr(ess+ to imitate ,timon1 ! manhat]4--,goldsmi? correct$4 ,m5 load hay ) a pit*=k4--,web/] cor4 ,a pe>tree gr[s f ! se$ ( a pe>4--,id4 ,a too?bru% is good to bru% y\r tee?4--,id4 ,! mail is op5$ at ! po/-(fice4--,id4 ,! error seems to me tw(old4--,sanborn cor4 ,to prengage means to engage be=eh&4--,web/] cor4 ,x is a mean act to deface ! figures on a mile/one4--,id4 ,a grange is a f>m1 ) its f>m- h\se4--,id4 ,x is no m "r to /eal apples or wat]melons1 ?an to /eal money4--,id4 ,! awl is a tool us$ by %oemak]s & h>ness-mak]s4--,id4 ,tw5ty-five c5ts are equal to "o qu>t] ( a doll>4--,id4 ,! bl[+-up ( ! ,fulton at ,new ,york1 0 a t]rible disa/]4--,id4 ,! eld]s also1 & ! br+]s-up ( ! *ildr51 s5t to ,jehu4--,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 #b ,k+s1 x1 #e4 ,n ) eyes]vice z m5pleas]s4--,col41 iii1 #bb4 ,a good-natur$ & equitable con/ruction ( cases4--,a% cor4 ,& purify y\r he>ts1 ye d\ble-m9d$4--,james1 iv1 #h4 ,x is a mean-spirit$ action to /eal2 i4e41 ,to /eal is a mean-spirit$ action4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,!re is1 inde$1 "o =m ( or?ography :i* is ak9 to ! subjunctive mood ( ! ,lat9 tongue4--,boo? cor4 ,to br+ him into ne>] connexion ) real & ev]yday life4--,philological ,museum1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #dei4 ,! commonplace1 /ale declamation ( its revil]s w\ld be sil5c$4--,id4 cor4 ,%e ,cleopatra =m$ a v s+ul> & unhe>d-( project4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,he ,william ,tell _h _m vigilant1 ?\gh feeble-tal5t$ & mean-spirit$ enemies4--,r4 ,vaux cor4 ,^! old-fa%ion$ p w\ld level our psalmody1 c4--,g>d9] cor4 ,?is sl[-%ift+ sc5]y 9 ! !atre ( h>mony4--,id4 ,s we are assur$ f ,scripture itself4--,h>ris cor4 ,! m9d1 be+ di%e>t5$1 !n betakes itself to trifl+4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,:osesoev] s9s ye remit1 !y are remitt$ unto !m4--,bible cor4 ,t>ry we ourselves h[ we w4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,manage y\r cr$it s1 t y ne$ nei!r swe> y\rself1 nor seek a v\*]4--,colli] cor4 ,:]eas song nev] conveys any ( ! abov5am$ s5tim5ts4--,dr4 ,ru% cor4 ,i g on horseback4--,guy cor4 ,?is requires purity1 9 opposition to b>b>\s1 obsolete1 or new-co9$ words4--,adam cor4 ,may ! pl\gh%>e %9e4--,:ite cor4 ,:i*ev] way we consid] x4--,locke cor4 ,:]e'er ! sil5t e a place obta9s1 ,! voice =ego+1 l5g? & s(tness ga9s4--,brightl& cor4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,simples4 ,x qualifies any ( ! f\r p>ts ( spee* above nam$4--,kirkham cor4 ,aft] a :ile !y put u out among ! rude multitude4--,fox cor4 ,x w\ld be a %ame1 if y\r m9d %\ld falt] & give 94--,colli] cor4 ,!y />$ a :ile 9 sil5ce "o ^u an o!r4--,johnson cor4 ,aft] passion has = a :ile ex]cis$ its tyrannical sway4--,murray cor4 ,?\gh set )9 ! same g5]al frame ( intonation4--,ru% cor4 ,:i* d n c>ry any ( ! natural vocal signs ( expression4--,id4 ,! measurable con/ructive p[]s ( a few associable con/itu5ts4--,id4 ,be=e ea* acc5t$ syllable or emphatic monosyllabic ^w4--,id4 ,"o %\ld n ?9k too fav\rably ( "o's self4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aed4 ,"k ye n y\r own selves1 h[ t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y8--#b ,cor41 xiii1 #e4 ,i judge n my own self1 = ,i "k no?+ ( my own self4--,see #a ,cor41 iv1 #c4 ,?\gh !y 7 9 su* a rage1 ,i desir$ !m to t>ry a :ile4--,josephus cor4 ,a1 9 /ead ( an1 is n[ us$ be=e words beg9n+ ) u long4--,murray cor4 ,john w h e>n$ 8 wages by next new ye>'s day4--,id4 ,a new ye>'s gift is a pres5t made on ! fir/ day ( ! ye>4--,johnson et al4 cor4 ,:5 he sat on ! ?rone1 di/ribut+ new ye>'s gifts4--,id4 ,/4 ,paul admoni%es ,timo?y to refuse old wives' fables4--,see #a ,tim41 iv1 #g4 ,! _w1 take x all toge!r1 is b "o4--,colli] cor4 ,9 writ+s ( ?is /amp1 we mu/ accept ( s\nd 9 /ead ( s5se4--,murray cor4 ,a male *ild1 a female *ild2 male desc5dants1 female desc5dants4--,goldsbury et al4 cor4 ,male s]vants1 female s]vants2 male relations1 female relations4--,felton cor4 ,res]v$ & cauti\s1 ) no p>tial aim1 ,my muse e'er s\ght to bla/ an o!r's fame4--,lloyd cor4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,! ,,s5se4 ,our discrim9ations ( ?is matt] h be5 b f\r-foot$ in/9cts4--,ru% cor4 ,he is 9 ! "r1 7says ,clytus17 n to be> free-born m5 at 8 table4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,to ! %ort-see+ eye ( man1 ! progress may appe> little4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,k & virtue are1 emphatically1 ! /epp+-/ones to individual di/9ction4--,t[n cor4 ,a t9-p$dl] w sell t9 vessels z he travels4--,web/] cor4 ,! beams ( a wood5 h\se are held up by ! po/s & joi/s4--,id4 ,:at y mean by future-t5se adjective1 ,i c easily und]/&4--,tooke cor4 ,! t[n has be5 = sev]al days v well-behav$4--,spectator cor4 ,a r\nce is ! h&le ( a pr9t+-press4--,web/] cor4 ,! phraseology :i* we call !e-&-?\+ or1 bett]1 ?\!e+1 is n 9 s common use ) u1 z ! tutoyant among ! ,fr5*4--,walk] cor4 ,hunt+ & o!r outdoor sports1 are g5]ally pursu$4--,balbi cor4 ,come unto me1 all ye t labor & are heavy-lad54--,scott et al4 cor4 ,god s lov$ ! _w1 t he gave 8 only-begott5 ,son to save x4--,see ,,alg]',s ,,bible1 & ,,fri5ds'3 ,john1 iii1 #af4 ,jehovah is a pray]-he>+ ,god3 ,n9eveh rep5t$1 & 0 sp>$4--,obs]v] cor4 ,^! are well-pleas+ to ,god1 9 all ranks & relations4--,b>clay cor4 ,:osoev] come? any?+ ne> unto ! tab]nacle4--,bible cor4 ,! words coalesce1 :5 !y h a long-e/abli%$ association4--,mur4 cor4 ,op5 to me ! gates ( righte\sness3 ,i w g into !m4--,,mod]n ,,bible3 ,ps4 cxviii1 #ai4 ,he saw an angel ( ,god com+ 9 to him4--,acts1 x1 #c4 ,! consequ5ces ( any action are to be consid]$ 9 a tw(old light4--,wayl& cor4 ,we commonly write tw(old1 ?reefold1 f\rfold1 & s on up to t5fold1 )\t a hyph52 &1 aft] t1 we use "o4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,:5 ! fir/ m>k is go+ (f1 he cries1 ,turn6 ! glas%old] answ]s1 ,done6--,b[dit* cor4 ,x is a k9d ( famili> %ak+-h&s 7or %ak+ ( h&s7 ) all ! vices4--,matur9 cor4 ,%e is a good-natur$ woman2--,james is self-op9ionat$2--,he is brok5-he>t$4--,wright cor4 ,^! ?ree examples apply to ! pres5t-t5se con/ruction only4--,id4 ,s t x 0 l a game ( hide-&-g-seek4--,gram4 cor4 ,t l[l9ess is "y ambition's ladd]1 ,:]eto ! climb]-upw>d turns 8 face4--,%ak4 ,,rule ,,iv4--,,ellipses4 ,?is build+ s]ves yet = a s*oolh\se & a meet+-h\se4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,s*oolma/]s & s*oolmi/resses1 if hone/ fri5ds1 are to be enc\rag$4--,discip4 cor4 ,we nev] assum$ to ourselves a fai?-mak+ or a wor%ip-mak+ p[]4--,b>clay cor4 ,pota% & pe>la% are made f common a%es4--,web/] cor4 ,bo? ! t5-syllable & ! eight-syllable v]ses are iambics4--,blair cor4 ,i say to myself1 ?\ say'/ to ?yself1 he says to himself1 c4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,or ^? :o h e/eem$ !mselves skillful1 h tri$ = ! ma/]y 9 two-horse or f\r-horse *>iots4--,w>e cor4 ,i rememb] him b>efoot$ & b>ehead$1 runn+ ?r\gh ! /reets4--,edgewor? cor4 ,fri5ds h ! entire control ( ! s*oolh\se & dwell+-h\se4 ,or3--( ! s*oolh\ses & dwell+-h\ses ,or3--( ! s*oolh\se & ! dwell+-h\ses ,or3--( ! s*oolh\ses & ! dwell+-h\se4 ,or3--( ! s*ool1 & ( ! dwell+-h\ses4 ,= ! s5t5ce "h to be correct$ is s ambigu\s1 t any ( ^! may h be5 ! mean+ int5d$ by x4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,! meet+ is held at ! fir/-m5tion$ place 9 ,fir/mon?2 at ! la/-m5tion$1 9 ,secondmon?2 & s on4--,id4 ,meet+s = wor%ip are held1 at ! same h\r1 on ,fir/day & ,f\r?day4 ,or3--on ,fir/days & ,f\r?days4--,id4 ,e "p ( x1 inside & outside1 is cov]$ ) gold leaf4--,id4 ,! ,ea/]n ,qu>t]ly ,meet+ is held on ! la/ ,sev5?day 9 ,secondmon?1 ,fif?mon?1 ,eigh?mon?1 & ,elev5?mon?4--,id4 ,tr5ton ,prep>ative ,meet+ is held on ! ?ird ,fif?day 9 ea* mon?1 at t5 o'clock2 meet+s = wor%ip are held1 at ! same h\r1 on ,fir/days & ,fif?days4--,id4 ,ket*1 a vessel ) two ma/s1 a ma9ma/ & a mizz5ma/4--,web/] cor4 ,i only mean to sugge/ a d\bt1 :e!r nature has enli/$ h]self ei!r z a ,cis-,atlantic or z a ,trans-,atlantic p>tisan4--,jeff]son cor4 ,by l>ge hamm]s1 l ^? us$ = pap]-mills & full+-mills1 !y beat _! hemp4--,johnson cor4 ,,ant-,,hill1 or ,,ant-,,hillock1 n4 ,a small protub]ance ( e>?1 =m$ by ants1 = _! habitation4-- ,id4 ,x became necess>y to sub/itute simple indicative t]ms call$ pronames or pron\ns4 ,obscur'd1 :]e highe/ woods1 imp5etrable ,to light ( /> or sun1 _! umbrage spread4--,milton cor4 ,,rule ,v4--,,! ,,hyph54 ,evil-?9k+2 a n\n1 comp\nd$ ( ! n\n evil & ! imp]fect p>ticiple ?9k+2 s+ul> numb]2 c4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,evil-speak+2 a n\n1 comp\nd$ ( ! n\n evil & ! imp]fect p>ticiple speak+4--,id4 ,i am a tall1 broad-%\ld]$1 impud5t1 black fell[4--,spect1 or ,joh4 cor4 ,+ratitude6 ?\ m>ble-he>t$ fi5d4--,%ak4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,a popul> lic5se is inde$ ! _m-head$ tyranny4--,sydney or ,joh4 cor4 ,he f ! _m-peopl$ city flies4--,s&ys or ,joh4 cor4 ,he _m-languag$ nations has survey$4--,pope or ,joh4 cor4 ,! horse-cucumb] is ! l>ge gre5 cucumb]1 & ! be/ = ! table4--,mort4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,! bird ( night did sit1 ev5 at noon-day1 ^u ! m>ket-place4--,%ak4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,^! make a g5]al gaol-deliv]y ( s\ls n = puni%m5t4--,s\? or ,joh4 cor4 ,?y air1 ?\ o!r gold-b\nd br[1 is l ! fir/4--,%ak4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,8 p]son 0 de=m$ to ! highe/ degree2 flat-nos$ & blobb]-lipp$4--,l',e/r4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,he t defraude? ! lab\r] ( 8 hire1 is a blood-%$d]4--,ecclus41 xxxiv1 #bb4 ,bloody-m9d$1 adj41 f bloody & m9d2 ,cruel1 incl9$ to blood%$4--,johnson cor4 ,blunt-witt$ "l1 ignoble 9 demean\r4--,%ak4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,a "y fell[1 ) a bob-wig & a black silk5 bag ti$ to x4--,spect4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,i h se5 en\gh to confute all ! bold-fac$ a!i/s ( ?is age4--,bramhall or ,joh4 cor4 ,be=e milk-:ite1 n[ purple ) love's w\nd4--,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,bolt4 ,= :at else is a r$-hot iron ?an fire8 & :at else is a burn+ coal ?an r$-hot wood8--,newton or ,joh4 cor4 ,poll-evil is a l>ge swell+1 inflammation1 or impo/hume1 9 ! horse's poll1 or nape ( ! neck1 j betwe5 ! e>s4--,f>4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,quick-witt$1 braz5-fac'd1 ) flu5t tongues1 ,pati5t ( lab\rs1 & dissembl+ wrongs4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,no ,,hyph54 ,f 8 fond p>5t's eye a te>drop fell4--,snell+ cor4 ,h[ great1 poor jackdaw1 w\ld ?y suff]+s be6--,id4 ,plac$1 l a sc>ecr[ 9 a field ( corn4--,id4 ,s\p = ! alm%\se at a c5t a qu>t4--,id4 ,up into ! wat*t[] get1 & see all ?+s despoil$ ( fallacies4--,donne or ,joh4 cor4 ,9 ! daytime %e ,fame sitte? 9 a wat*t[]1 & flie? mo/ by night4--,bacon or ,joh4 cor4 ,! moral is ! fir/ bus9ess ( ! poet1 z be+ ! gr\ndwork ( 8 in/ruction4--,dryd4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,madam's own h& ! m\setrap bait$4--,prior or ,joh4 cor4 ,by ! s9k+ ( ! air%aft1 ! air has lib]ty to circulate4--,ray or ,joh4 cor4 ,! multi=m & amaz+ op]ations ( ! airpump & ! load/one4--,watts or ,joh4 cor4 ,_m ( ! fire>ms are nam$ f animals4--,johnson cor4 ,y might h truss$ him & all 8 app>el into an eelsk9--,%ak4 or ,joh4 cor4 ,!y may s]ve z l&m>ks1 to %[ :at lies 9 ! direct way ( tru?4--,locke or ,joh4 cor4 ,a packhorse is driv5 con/antly 9 a n>r[ lane & dirty road4--,locke or ,joh4 cor4 ,a millhorse1 /ill b\nd to g 9 "o circle4--,sidney or ,joh4 cor4 ,( s++ birds1 !y h l9nets1 goldf9*es1 ruddocks1 ,can>y birds1 blackbirds1 ?ru%es1 & div]s o!rs4--,c>ew or ,joh4 cor4 ,c>tridge1 a case ( pap] or p>*m5t fill$ ) gunp[d]2 or1 r1 conta9+ ! entire *>ge ( a gun4--,joh4 cor4 ,deep night1 d>k night1 ! sil5t ( ! night1 ,! "t ( night :5 ,troy 0 set on fire1 ,! "t :5 scree*[ls cry1 & b&ogs h[l4 ,,%akspe>e3 9 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,scree*[l4 ,,promiscu\s ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,figure ,,( ,,words4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,!y t live 9 glass h\ses1 %\ld n ?r[ /ones4--,adage4 ,if a man pr(ess ,*ri/ianity 9 any mann] or =m :atsoev]4--,watts cor4 ,= ,cassius is awe>y ( ! _w4 ,bett]3 ,= ,cassius is we>y ( ! _w4--,%ak4 cor4 ,by ! com+-toge!r ( m1 ! *a9s 7 fa/5$ on4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,unto ! c>ry+-away ( ,j]usalem captive 9 ! fif? mon?4--,bible cor4 ,& ! go+s-=? ( ! bord] %all be to ,z$ad4--,id4 ,& ! go+s-out ( x %all be at ,haz> ,enan4--,see ,walk]'s ,key ,= ! tak+-place ( effects1 9 a c]ta9 p>ticul> s]ies4--,we/ cor4 ,! lett+-g ( :i* 0 ! occasion ( all t corruption4--,ow5 cor4 ,a fall+-(f at ! end1 is always injuri\s4--,jamieson cor4 ,z all hold+s-=? 7 c\rte\sly suppos$ to be tra9s ( reason+4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,^: go+s-=? h be5 f ( old1 f ev]la/+4--,bible cor4 ,sometimes ! adjective becomes a sub/antive4--,bradley cor4 ,x is v pla91 t ,i consid] man z visit$ anew4--,b>clay cor4 ,nor d ,i any:]e say1 z he falsely ins9uates4--,id4 ,ev]y:]e1 any:]e1 else:]e1 some:]e1 n[h]e--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aae4 ,! _w hurries (f apace1 & "t is l a rapid riv]4--,colli] cor4 ,b to new-model ! p>adoxes ( anci5t skepticism4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,! s\!a/ w9ds f ! ocean inv>iably produce ra94--,web/] cor4 ,nor?we/ w9ds f ! highl&s produce cold cle> wea!r4--,id4 ,! greate/ "p ( su* tables w\ld be ( little use to ,engli%m54--,prie/ley cor4 ,! gr\nd-floor ( ! ea/ w+ ( ,mulb]ry-/reet meet+-h\se 0 fill$4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,pr9ce ,rup]t's ,drop4 ,?is s+ul> production is made at ! glas%\ses4--,b>nes cor4 ,! lights & %ades1 ^: well-accord$ /rife ,gives all ! /r5g? & col\r ( our life4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,9 ! tw5ty-sev5? ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah1 did ,zimri reign sev5 days 9 ,tirzah4--,bible cor4 ,9 ! ?irty-fir/ ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah1 began ,omri to reign ov] ,israel4--,id4 ,he _c s deceive himself z to fancy t he is able to d a rule-(-?ree sum4 ,bett]--a sum 9 ! rule ( ?ree4--,qr4 ,rev4 cor4 ,! be/ cod are ^? kn[n "u ! "n ( ,isle-(-,%oals dun-fi%4--,balbi cor4 ,! soldi]s1 ) d[nca/ eyes1 seem$ to beg = m]cy4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,8 head 0 cov]$ ) a co>se1 worn\t piece ( clo?4--,id4 ,?\gh !y _h lately receiv$ a re9=cem5t ( a ?\s& heavy-arm$ ,sp>tans4--,id4 ,b he laid !m by unop5$2 &1 ) a smile1 said1 ',bus9ess to-morr[4'--,id4 ,*e/] ,mon?ly ,meet+ is held at ,moore/[n1 on ! ,?irdday foll[+ ! second ,secondday--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,eggh>b\r ,mon?ly ,meet+ is held on ! fir/ ,secondday4--,id4 ,little-,eggh>b\r ,mon?ly ,meet+ is held at ,tuck]ton on ! second ,fif?day 9 ea* mon?4--,id4 ,at ?ree o'clock1 on ,fir/day morn+1 ! #bd? ( ,elev5?mon?1 #ahcd1 c4--,id4 ,9 less ?an "o f\r? "p ( ! "t usually devot$4--,kirkham cor4 ,! pupil w n h occasion to use x "o t5? "p s mu*4--,id4 ,! pa9t] dips 8 pa9tbru% 9 pa9t1 to pa9t ! c>riage4--,id4 ,9 an anci5t ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4--,id4 ,! little boy 0 b>ehead$4--,r$ ,book cor4 ,! man1 be+ a little %ort-sight$1 did n imm$iately "k him4--,id4 ,picture-frames are gilt ) gold4--,id4 ,! p>kkeep] kill$ "o ( ! de]4--,id4 ,! fox 0 kill$ ne> ! brickkiln4--,id4 ,"h comes ,e/h]1 ) h] milkpail--,id4 ,! cab9et-mak] w\ld n tell u4--,id4 ,a f9e ?orn-h$ge ext5d$ along ! edge ( ! hill4--,id4 ,if _! private int]e/s %\ld be ev]so little affect$4--,id4 ,unios are fre%-wat] %ells1 vulg>ly call$ fre%-wat] clams4--,id4 ,did n ea* poet m\rn 8 luckless doom1 ,jo/l$ by p$ants out ( elb[-room4--,lloyd cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,! captive hov]s a :ile ^u ! sad rema9s4--,johnson cor4 ,con/antia saw t ! h&-writ+ agre$ ) ! cont5ts ( ! lett]4--,id4 ,!y h put me 9 a silk night-g[n1 & a gaudy foolscap--,id4 ,h y no m mann]s ?an to rail at ,hocus1 t has sav$ t clod-pat$1 numb-skull$ n9ny-hamm] ( y\rs f ru91 & all 8 family8--,id4 ,a noble1 7t is1 six %ill+s & eight p5ce17 is paid1 & usually ha? be5 paid4--,id4 ,! k+ ( birds1 ?ick-fea!r$1 & ) full-summ$ w+s1 fa/5$ 8 talons ea/ & we/4--,id4 ,to-morr[4 ,?is--suppos+ morr[ to mean morn+1 z x did orig9ally--is an idiom ( ! same k9d z to-night1 to-day4--,johnson cor4 ,to-day goes away1 & to-morr[ comes4--,id4 ,"y *ildr51 :o are tri$ 9 ,goc>ts1 to keep _! /eps f slid+4--,id4 ,:i*1 foll[$ well1 w\ld demon/rate !m b go]s-backw>d--,id4 ,heav5's gold5-w+$ h]ald late he saw1 to a poor ,galilean virg9 s5t4--,id4 ,my p5t-h\se eyebr[s & my %aggy be>d (f5d y\r sight4--,id4 ,! hungry lion w\ld fa9 h be5 deal+ ) good horsefle%4--,id4 ,a broad-brimm$ hat enscons$ ea* c>eful head4--,snell+ cor4 ,) h>% vibrations ( 8 ?ree-/r+$ lute4--,id4 ,!y magnify a hundr$-fold an au?or's m]it4--,id4 ,i'll nail !m fa/ to "s (t-op5$ door4--,id4 ,gloss$ ov] only ) sa9tlike %[1 /ill ?\ art b\nd to vice4--,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,sa9tlike4 ,take ( aqua-=tis two ounces1 ( quicksilv] two dra*ms4--,id4 cor4 ,?is ra9b[ nev] appe>s b :5 x ra9s 9 ! sun%9e4--,id4 cor4 ,n b !re are1 :o m]it o!r palms2 ,hopk9s & ,/]nhold glad ! he>t ) psalms4--,pope4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,( ,,spell+4 ,,corrections ,,( ,,false ,,spell+4 ,,rule ,i4--,,f9al ,f1 ,l1 ,,or ,s4 ,he w obs]ve ! moral law1 9 8 conduct4--,web/] correct$4 ,a cliff is a /eep bank1 or a precipit\s rock4--,walk] cor4 ,a ne$y man's budget is full ( s*emes4--,maxim cor4 ,few l>ge publications1 9 ?is c\ntry1 w pay a pr9t]4--,n4 ,web/] cor4 ,i %all1 ) *e]fulness1 resign my o!r pap]s to oblivion4--,id4 ,! proposition 0 susp5d$ till ! next session ( ! legislature4--,id4 ,t5ants = life w make ! mo/ ( l&s = !mselves4--,id4 ,:ile e ?+ is left to lazy negroes1 a /ate w nev] be well cultivat$4--,id4 ,! heirs ( ! orig9al proprietors /ill hold ! soil4--,id4 ,say my annual pr(it on money loan$ %all be six p] c5t4--,id4 ,no man w\ld submit to ! drudg]y ( bus9ess1 if he c\ld make money z fa/ by ly+ /ill4--,id4 ,a man may z well fe$ himself ) a bodk91 z ) a knife ( ! pres5t fa%ion4--,id4 ,! clo!s w be ill wa%$1 ! food w be badly cook$2 y w be a%am$ ( y\r wife1 if %e is n a%am$ ( h]self4--,id4 ,he w submit to ! laws ( ! /ate :ile he is a memb] ( x4--,id4 ,b w our sage writ]s on law =ev] ?9k by tradition8--,id4 ,"s /ill reta9 a sov]eign p[] 9 _! t]ritories4--,id4 ,!y sell images1 pray]s1 ! s\nd ( bells1 remission ( s9s1 c4--,p]k9s cor4 ,& ! law _h sacrifices (f]$ e day1 = ! s9s ( all ! p4--,id4 ,!n x may please ! ,"l1 !y %all f9d x to be a re/orative4--,id4 ,p]dition is rep5tance put (f till a future day4--,maxim cor4 ,! angels ( ,god1 :o w good & _c w evil1 h nev]!less p]fect lib]ty ( w4--,p]k9s cor4 ,secondly1 ?is doctr9e cuts (f ! excuse ( all s94--,id4 ,knell1 ! s\nd ( a bell rung at a fun]al4--,dict4 cor4 ,if gold ) dross or gra9 ) *aff y f9d1 ,select--& leave ! *aff & dross beh9d4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,,rule ,,ii4--,,o!r ,,f9als4 ,! mob ha? _m heads1 b no bra9s4--,maxim cor4 ,clam2 to clog ) any glut9\s or visc\s matt]4--,see ,web/]'s ,dict4 ,:ur2 to pron\nce ! lett] r ) too mu* =ce4 ,flip2 a mix$ liquor1 consi/+ ( be] & _s sweet5$4 ,glyn2 a holl[ betwe5 two m\nta9s1 a gl54--,see ,walk]'s ,dict4 ,lam1 or belam2 to beat s\ndly ) a cudgel or bludgeon4--,see ,r$ ,book4 ,bun2 a small cake1 a simnel1 a k9d ( sweet bread4--,see ,web/]'s ,dict4 ,brunet1 or ,brunette2 a woman ) a br[n complexion4--,see ib41 & ,scott's ,dict4 ,wadset2 an anci5t t5ure or lease ( l& 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&4--,web/] cor4 ,to dod %eep1 is to cut ! wool away ab\t _! tails4--,id4 ,9 aliquem ariet>e4 ,cic4 ,to run full butt at "o4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,nei!r y\r policy nor y\r temp] w\ld p]mit y to kill me4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,& admit none b 8 own (fspr+ to fulfill !m4--,id4 ,! sum ( all ?is dispute is1 t "s make !m ,p>ticiples4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,z ! :i/l+ w9ds1 ! buzz & hum ( insects1 ! hiss ( s]p5ts1 ! cra% ( fall+ timb]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cca4 ,van2 to w9n[1 or a fan = w9n[+4--,see ,scott4 ,creatures t buzz1 are v commonly su* z w /+4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,beg1 buy1 or borr[2 b bew>e h[ yon f9d4--,id4 ,x is bett] to h a h\se to let1 ?an a h\se to get4 ,let n y\r tongue cut y\r ?roat4--,precept cor4 ,a little wit w save a =tunate man4--,adage cor4 ,!re is _m a slip 'twixt ! cup & ! lip4--,id4 ,mo!rs' d>l+s make b milksop h]oes4--,id4 ,"o eye-witness is wor? t5 he>says4--,id4 ,! judge %all job1 ! bi%op bite ! t[n1 ,& mighty dukes pack c>ds = half a cr[n4 ,,pope3 9 ,johnson's ,dict41 w4 ,job4 ,,rule ,,iii4--,,d\bl+4 ,friz1 to curl2 frizz$1 curl$2 frizz+1 curl+4--,web/] cor4 ,! comm]cial int]e/s s]v$ to fo/] ! pr9ciples ( ,:iggism4--,payne cor4 ,_! extreme indol5ce %unn$ e species ( lab\r4--,rob]tson cor4 ,9 pov]ty & /ripp$ness1 !y att5d _! little meet+s4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,9 guid+ & controll+ ! p[] y h ?us obta9$4--,abbott cor4 ,i began1 ,?\ beganne/ or began/1 ,he began1 c4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,:y does began *ange its end+2 z1 ,i began1 ,?\ beganne/ or began/8--,id4 ,tru? & consci5ce _c be controll$ by any me?ods ( co]cion4--,h9ts cor4 ,dr4 ,web/] nodd$1 :5 he wrote knit1 knitt]1 & knitt+-ne$le1 )\t d\bl+ ! t4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,a wag %\ld h wit en\gh to "k :5 o!r wags are quizz+ him4 ,bonny2 h&some1 beautiful1 m]ry4--,walk] cor4 ,coquetti%2 practis+ coquetry2 aft] ! mann] ( a jilt4--,see ,worce/]4 ,pottage2 a species ( food made ( meat & vegetables boil$ to s(tness 9 wat]4--,see ,johnson's ,dict4 ,pottag]2 7f pottage27 a porr+]1 a small vessel = *ildr5's food4 ,compromit1 compromitt$1 compromitt+2 manumit1 manumitt$1 manumitt+4--,web/] cor4 ,inf]rible2 t may be inf]r$ or d$uc$ f premises4--,walk]4 ,acids are ei!r solid1 liquid1 or gasse\s4--,gregory cor4 ,! sp>k w pass ?r\gh ! int]rupt$ space betwe5 ! two wires1 & explode ! gasses4--,id4 ,d we s\nd gasses & gasse\s l cases & case\s8 ,no3 !y are m l glasses & osse\s4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,i %all n ne$ "h to m5tion ,swimm+1 :5 he is ( an age able to le>n4--,locke cor4 ,:y d lexicograph]s spell ?9ni% & manni% ) two ,ens1 & dimmi% & rammi% ) "o ,em1 ea*8--,g4 ,br[n4 ,gas =ms ! plural regul>ly1 gasses4--,peirce cor4 ,s+ul>1 gas2 ,plural1 gasses4--,cl>k cor4 ,^! are contractions f %$d$1 bur/$4--,hiley cor4 ,! ,pres5t ,t5se d5otes :at is occurr+ at ! pres5t "t4--,day cor4 ,! v]b end+ 9 e? is ( ! solemn or antiquat$ /yle2 z1 ,he love?1 ,he walke?1 ,he runne?4--,davis cor4 ,?ro' ,fre$om's sons no m remon/rance r+s1 ,degrad+ nobles & controll+ k+s4--,johnson4 ,,rule ,,iv--,,no ,,d\bl+4 ,a bigot$ & tyrannical cl]gy w be fe>$4--,see ,johnson1 ,walk]1 c4 ,jacob wor%ip$ 8 ,creator1 lean+ on ! top ( 8 /aff4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #afe4 ,= x is all m>vell\sly de/itute ( int]e/4--,see ,johnson1 ,walk]1 & ,worce/]4 ,z1 box1 boxes2 *ur*1 *ur*es2 la%1 la%es2 kiss1 kisses2 rebus1 rebuses4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #dj4 ,gossip+ & ly+ g h& 9 h&4--,see ,web/]'s ,dict41 & ,worce/]'s1 w4 ,gossip+4 ,! sub/ance ( ! ,criticisms on ! ,div]sions ( ,purley 01 ) s+ul> indu/ry1 gossip$ by ! pres5t preci\s ,secret>y at ( w>1 9 ,payne ! booksell]'s %op4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ahg4 ,wor%ip makes wor%ip$1 wor%ip]1 wor%ip+2 gossip1 gossip$1 gossip]1 gossip+2 fillip1 fillip$1 fillip]1 fillip+4--,web4 ,dict4 ,i became z fidgety z a fly 9 a milk-jug4--,see ib4 ,t enorm\s error seems to be rivet$ 9 popul> op9ion4 ,^: m9d is n bias$ by p]sonal atta*m5ts to a sov]eign4--,see ib4 ,laws aga9/ usury orig9at$ 9 a bigot$ prejudice aga9/ ! ,jews4--,web/] cor4 ,! mo/ critical p]iod ( life is usually betwe5 ?irte5 & sev5te54--,id4 ,g5]alissimo1 ! *ief comm&] ( an army or milit>y =ce4--,e ,dict4 ,tranquilize1 to quiet1 to make calm & peaceful4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,pommell$1 beat51 bruis$2 hav+ pommels1 z a sword-hilt4--,web/] et al4 cor4 ,f :at a height does a jewell] look d[n ^u 8 %oemak]6--,r$ ,book cor4 ,y w h a v]bal acc\nt f my fri5d & fell[ travell]4--,id4 ,i obs]ve t y h writt5 ! ^w c\nsell$ ) "o l only4--,ib4 ,!y 7 (f5d$ at su* z combat$ ^! notions4--,rob]tson cor4 ,f libel1 come libell$1 libell]1 libell+1 libell\s2 f grovel1 grovell$1 grovell]1 grovell+2 f gravel1 gravell$1 & gravell+4--,web/] cor4 ,wooll9ess1 ! /ate ( be+ woolly4--,worce/]'s ,dict4 ,yet he has spell$ *apell+1 bordell]1 m$ali/1 metal9e1 metali/1 metalize1 clavellat$1 etc1 ) ll1 contr>y to 8 rule4--,web/] cor4 ,aga91 he has spell$ cancellation & snivelly ) s+le l1 & cupellation1 pannellation wittolly1 ) ll4--,id4 ,oily1 fatty1 greasy1 conta9+ oil1 glib4--,walk] cor4 ,m$ali/1 "o curi\s 9 m$als2 ,metali/1 "o skill$ 9 metals4--,walk]'s ,rhym4 ,dict4 ,he is b5efit$4--,web/]4 ,!y travell$ = pleasure4--,cl>k cor4 ,)\t y1 :at 7 man8 ,a grovell+ h]d1 ,9 d>kness1 wret*$ness1 & want en*a9'd4--,beattle cor4 ,,rule ,v4--,,f9al ,,ck4 ,he hopes1 !re=e1 to be p>don$ by ! critic4--,kirkham correct$4 ,! lead+ object ( e public speak] %\ld be1 to p]suade4--,id4 ,may n f\r feet be z poetic z five2 or fifte5 feet z poetic z fifty8--,id4 ,avoid all !atrical trick & mimicry1 & especially all s*ola/ic /iffness4--,id4 ,no "o ?9ks ( becom+ skill$ 9 danc+1 or 9 music1 or 9 ma!matics1 or 9 logic1 )\t long & close application to ! subject4--,id4 ,casp>'s s5se ( feel+1 & susceptibility ( metallic & magnetic excitem5t1 7 also v extraord9>y4--,id4 ,au?or%ip has become a mania1 or1 p]haps ,i %\ld say1 an epidemic4--,id4 ,:at c prev5t ?is republic f soon rais+ a lit]>y /&>d8--,id4 ,c\rte\s read]1 y may ?9k me g>rul\s ^u topics q =eign to ! subject be=e me4--,id4 ,( ! ,tonic1 ,subtonic1 & ,atonic elem5ts4--,id4 ,! subtonic elem5ts are inf]ior to ! tonics1 9 all ! emphatic & elegant purposes ( spee*4--,id4 ,! n9e atonics & ! ?ree abrupt subtonics cause an int]ruption to ! cont9uity ( ! syllabic impulse4 #ebf--;,id4 ,on sci5tific pr9ciples1 conjunctions & prepositions are n "o & ! same "p ( spee*4--,id4 ,t "s inf]ior animals %\ld be able to mimick human articulation1 w n seem wond]ful4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:5 "y1 y l$ a life mona/ic1 ,& wore a ve/ ecclesia/ic2 ,n[1 9 y\r age1 y gr[ fanta/ic4--,d5ham's ,poems1 p4 #bce4 ,,rule ,,vi4--,,reta9+4 ,fe>lessness2 exemption f fe>1 intrepidity4--,johnson cor4 ,dreadlessness2 fe>lessness1 intrepidity1 undaunt$ness4--,id4 ,reg>dlessly1 )\t he$2 ,reg>dlessness1 he$lessness4--,id4 ,blamelessly1 innoc5tly2 ,blamelessness1 innoc5ce4--,id4 ,t is bett] ?an to be flatt]$ into pride & c>elessness4--,id4 ,good =tunes began to bre$ a pr\d recklessness 9 !m4--,id4 ,see :e!r he lazily & li/lessly dreams away 8 "t4--,id4 ,x maybe1 ! palate ( ! s\l is indispos$ by li/lessness or sorr[4--,id4 ,pitilessly1 )\t m]cy2 ,pitilessness1 unm]cifulness4--,id4 ,:at say y to su* z ^!8 abom9able1 accordable1 agreeable1 etc4-- ,tooke cor4 ,artlessly2 naturally1 s9c]ely1 )\t craft4--,johnson cor4 ,a *illness1 or %iv]+ ( ! body1 g5]ally prec$es a fev]4--,see ,web/]4 ,smallness2 littl5ess1 m9ut5ess1 weakness4--,walk]'s ,dict41 et al4 ,galless1 adj4 ,free f gall or bitt]ness4--,web/] cor4 ,tallness2 height ( /ature1 upright l5g? ) comp>ative sl5d]ness4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,willful2 /ubborn1 contumaci\s1 p]v]se1 inflexible4--,see ib4 ,he guid$ !m by ! skillfulness ( 8 h&s4--,see ib4 ,! e>? is ! ,"l's1 & ! fullness !re(4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,ps4 xxiv1 #a4 ,:at is n[1 is b an amassm5t ( imag9>y conceptions4--,glanville cor4 ,emb>rassm5t2 p]plexity1 entanglem5t4--,walk]4 ,! second is slo?fulness1 :]eby !y are p]=m$ slackly & c>elessly4-- ,p]k9s cor4 ,in/allm5t2 induction into (fice1 "p ( a l>ge sum ( money1 to be paid at a p>ticul> "t4--,see ,web/]'s ,dict4 ,in?rallm5t2 s]vitude1 slav]y1 bondage4--,ib4 ,i1 :o at "s times sp5d1 at o!rs sp>e1 ,divid$ betwe5 c>elessness & c>e4--,pope cor4 ,,rule ,,vii4--,,reta9+4 ,%all1 on ! contr>y1 9 ! fir/ p]son1 simply =etells4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #da2 ,comly's1 #ch2 ,coop]'s1 #ea2 ,l5nie's1 #bf4 ,!re are a few comp\nd irregul> v]bs1 z befall1 bespeak1 c4--,a% cor4 ,t we might frequ5tly recall x to our memory4--,calv9 cor4 ,! angels ex]cise a con/ant solicitude t no evil befall u4--,id4 ,in?rall2 to enslave1 to %ackle1 to r$uce to s]vitude4--,johnson4 ,he makes resolutions1 & fulfills !m by new ones4--,see ,web/]4 ,to enroll my humble "n ^u ! li/ ( au?ors on ,elocution4--,see ,web/]4 ,=e/all2 to anticipate1 to take up be=eh&4--,johnson4 ,miscall2 to call wrong1 to "n improp]ly4--,web/]4 ,be?rall2 to enslave1 to r$uce to bondage4--,id4 ,befall2 to happ5 to1 to come to pass4--,walk]s ,dict4 ,unroll2 to op5 :at is roll$ or convolv$4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,c\nt]roll2 to keep copies ( acc\nts to prev5t frauds4--,see ib4 ,z ,sisyphus uprolls a rock1 :i* con/antly ov]p[]s him at ! summit4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,unwell2 n well1 indispos$1 n 9 good heal?4--,web/]4 ,und]sell2 to defeat by sell+ = less1 to sell *eap] ?an an o!r4--,johnson4 ,inwall2 to enclose or =tify ) a wall4--,id4 ,twibill2 an in/rum5t ) two bills1 or ) a po9t & a blade2 a pickaxe1 a mattock1 a halb]d1 a battleaxe4--,dict4 cor4 ,:at y miscall _! folly1 is _! c>e4--,dryd5 cor4 ,my he>t w sigh :5 ,i miscall x s4--,%ak4 cor4 ,b if ! arrangem5t recalls "o set ( ideas m readily ?an an o!r4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ccd4 ',tis done2 & s9ce 'tis done1 'tis pa/ recall ,& s9ce 'tis pa/ recall1 mu/ be =gott54--,dryd5 cor4 ,,rule ,,viii4--,,f9al ,,ll4 ,! righte\s is tak5 away f ! evil to come4--,isaiah1 lvii1 #a4 ,patrol2 to g ! r\nds 9 a camp or g>rison1 to m>* ab\t & obs]ve :at passes4--,see ,joh4 ,dic4 ,m>%al2 ! *ief (fic] ( arms1 "o :o regulates rank & ord]4--,see ib4 ,weevil2 a de/ructive grub t gets among corn4--,see ib4 ,x mu* excels all o!r /udies & arts4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,x is ess5tial to all magnitudes1 to be 9 "o place4--,p]k9s cor4 ,by nature ,i 0 ?y vassal1 b ,*ri/ ha? r$eem$ me4--,id4 ,"s be+ 9 want1 pray = temporal bless+s4--,id4 ,& ?is ! ,"l do?1 ei!r 9 temporal or 9 spiritual b5efits4--,id4 ,he makes an idol ( !m1 by sett+ 8 he>t on !m4 ,?is trial by des]tion s]ve? = two purposes4--,id4 ,moreov]1 ?is de/ruction is bo? p]petual & t]rible4--,id4 ,giv+ to sev]al m5 sev]al gifts1 accord+ to 8 good pleasure4 ,until2 to "s "t1 place1 or degree1 m5tion$4--,see ,dict4 ,annul2 to make void1 to nullify1 to abrogate1 to aboli%4--,see ,dict4 ,nitric acid comb9$ ) argil1 =ms ! nitrate ( argil4--,gregory cor4 ,let mode/ ,fo/]1 if he w1 excel ,t5 metropolitans 9 prea*+ well4--,pope cor4 ,,rule ,,ix4--,,f9al ,e4 ,adjectives end+ 9 able signify capacity2 z1 com=table1 t5able1 improvable4--,prie/ly cor4 ,_! mildness & hospitality are ascribable to a g5]al adm9i/ration ( religi\s ord9ances4-- ,web/] cor4 ,retr5* z mu* z possible )\t obscur+ ! s5se4--,j4 ,br[n cor4 ,*angeable1 subject to *ange2 ,un*angeable1 immutable4--,walk] cor4 ,tamable1 susceptive ( tam+2 ,untamable1 n to be tam$4--,id4 ,reconcilable1 ,unreconcilable1 ,reconcilabl5ess2 ,irreconcilable1 ,irreconcilably1 ,irreconcilabl5ess4--,johnson cor4 ,we h ?\ght x mo/ advisable to pay him "s little att5tion4-- ,m]*ant cor4 ,provable1 t may be prov$2 ,reprovable1 blamable1 wor?y ( repreh5sion4--,walk] cor4 ,movable & ,immovable1 ,movably & ,immovably1 ,movables & ,removal1 ,movabl5ess & ,improvabl5ess1 ,unremovable & ,unimprovable1 ,unremovably & ,removable1 ,provable & ,approvable1 ,irreprovable & ,reprovable1 ,unreprovable & ,improvable1 ,unimprovabl5ess & ,improvably4--,johnson cor4 ,& ) ?is cruelty y are *>geable 9 "s measure y\rself4--,colli] cor4 ,mo!rs w\ld c]ta9ly res5t x1 z judg+ x proce$$ f a l[ op9ion ( ! g5ius ( _! sex4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,ti?able1 subject to ! paym5t ( ti!s2 ,salable1 v5dible1 fit = sale2 ,losable1 possible to be lo/2 ,sizable1 ( reasonable bulk or size4--,see ,web/]'s ,dict4 ,:5 he began ?is cu/om1 he 0 put+ & v t5d]4--,locke cor4 ,! plate1 co91 rev5ues1 & movables1 ,:]e( our uncle ,gaunt did /& possess'd4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,rule ,x4--,,f9al ,e4 ,div]sely2 9 diff]5t ways1 diff]5tly1 v>i\sly4--,see ,walk]'s ,dict4 ,! ev5t !re( conta9s a :olesome in/ruction4--,bacon cor4 ,:5ce ,scalig] falsely conclud$ t ,articles 7 useless4--,brightl& cor4 ,! *ild t we h j se5 is :olesomely f$4--,murray cor4 ,inde$1 falsehood & leg]dema9 s9k ! "* ( a pr9ce4--,colli] cor4 ,9 e>ne/1 at ?is rate ( managem5t1 ?\ use/ ?yself v co>sely4--,id4 ,to give !m an arrangem5t & a div]sity1 z agreeable z ! nature ( ! subject w\ld admit4--,murray cor4 ,alg]'s ,gramm> is only a trifl+ enl>gem5t ( ,murray's little ,abridgem5t4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,y ask :e!r y are to reta9 or to omit ! mute e 9 ! words1 judgem5t1 abridgem5t1 ackn[l$gem5t1 lodgem5t1 adjudgem5t1 & prejudgem5t4--,r$ ,book cor4 ,f]til5ess1 fruitfulness2 f]tilely1 fruitfully1 abundantly4--,johnson cor4 ,*a/ely1 purely1 )\t contam9ation2 ,*a/5ess1 *a/ity1 purity4--,id4 ,rhyme/]1 n4 ,"o :o makes rhymes2 a v]sifi]2 a mean poet4--,walk]1 ,*alm]s1 ,maund]1 ,worce/]4 ,x is !re=e a h]oical a*ievem5t to disposess sic--,,k? ?is imag9>y mon>*4--,b]kley cor4 ,:]eby is n meant ! pres5t "t1 z he imag9es1 b ! "t pa/4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,s f> is ?is ^w f affect+ ! n\n1 9 reg>d to its def9it5ess1 t its own "* ( def9it5ess or indef9it5ess1 dep5ds ^u ! "n to :i* x is prefix$4--,web/] cor4 ,satire1 by :olesome lessons1 w\ld reclaim1 ,& heal _! vices to secure _! fame --,brightl& cor4 ,,rule ,,xi4--,,f9al ,y4 ,solon's ! v]ie/ fool 9 all ! play4--,dryd5 cor4 ,our au?or prides himself ^u 8 great sl9ess & %rewdness4--,m]*ant cor4 ,?is t5se1 !n1 implies also ! signification ( debeo4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,t may be appli$ to a subject1 ) respect to some?+ accid5tal4--,id4 ,?is latt] au?or accompanies 8 note ) a di/9ction4--,id4 ,?is rule is defective1 & none ( ! annotators h suffici5tly suppli$ its defici5cies4--,id4 ,?\gh ! fanci$ supplem5t ( ,sanctius1 ,scioppius1 ,vossius1 & ,m>iangelus1 may take place4--,ib4 ,yet1 z to ! commutabl5ess ( ^! two t5ses1 :i* is d5i$ likewise1 !y ! =ego+ examples are all "o 2 i4e41 exactly equival5t--,id4 ,bo? ^! t5ses may repres5t a futurity1 impli$ by ! dep5d5ce ( ! clause4--,id4 ,cry1 cries1 cry+1 cri$1 cri]1 decrial2 ,%y1 %i]1 %ie/1 %ily1 %9ess2 ,fly1 flies1 fly+1 fli]1 high-fli]2 ,sly1 sli]1 slie/1 slily1 sl9ess2 ,spy1 spies1 spy+1 spi$1 espial2 ,dry1 dri]1 drie/1 drily1 dr9ess4--,cobb1 ,web/]1 & ,*alm]s cor4 ,i w\ld soon] li/5 to ! ?rumm+ ( a d&izette at h] piano4--,kirkham cor4 ,s5d h] away2 = %e crie? aft] u4--,matt41 v1 #bc4 ,,ivi$1 a4 ov]gr[n ) ivy4--,cobb's ,dict41 & ,maund]s4 ,"s drily pla91 )\t inv5tion's aid1 ,write dull receipts h[ poems may be made4--,pope cor4 ,,rule ,,xii4--,,f9al ,y4 ,! gayety ( y\? %\ld be temp]$ by ! precepts ( age4--,murray cor4 ,9 ! /orm ( #agjc1 two ?\s& /acks ( *imneys 7 bl[n d[n 9 & ab\t ,london4--,r$ ,book cor4 ,& ! vexation 0 n abat$ by ! hackney$ plea ( ha/e4--,id4 ,! f\r? s9 ( our days is lukew>mness4--,p]k9s cor4 ,god hates ! work]s ( iniquity1 & de/roys !m t speak lies4--,id4 ,=1 :5 he lays 8 h& ^u u1 we may n fret4--,id4 ,c>e n = x2 b if ?\ may/ be free1 *oose x r4--,id4 ,alex&] ,sev]us sai?1 ',he t buye?1 mu/ sell2 ,i w n suff] buy]s & sell]s ( (fices4'--,id4 ,) ^! measures1 fell 9 all money$ m54--,see ,johnson's ,dict4 ,b rattl+ nons5se 9 full volleys breaks4--,murray's ,read]1 q4 ,pope4 ,valleys are ! int]vals betwixt m\nta9s4--,woodw>d cor4 ,! ,hebrews _h fifty-two j\rneys or m>*es4--,wood cor4 ,x 0 n possible to manage or /e] ! galleys ?us fa/5$ toge!r4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,turkeys 7 n kn[n to naturali/s till aft] ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4--,gregory cor4 ,i w\ld n h giv5 x = a wild]ness ( monkeys4--,,%ak43 9 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,m5 work$ at embroid]y1 especially 9 abbeys4--,con/able cor4 ,by :i* all pur*as]s or mortgagees may be secur$ ( all moneys !y lay out4--,temple cor4 ,he w\ld fly to ! m9es or ! galleys1 = 8 recreation4--,s\? cor4 ,"h pulleys make ! pond'r\s oak asc5d4--,gay cor4 ------,y ne$ my help1 & y say1 ,%ylock1 we w\ld h moneys4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,ize ,,& ,,ise4 ,w any able writ] au?orize o!r m5 to revise 8 works8--,g4 ,b4 ,x c be made z /rong & expressive z ?is ,lat9iz$ ,engli%4--,murray cor4 ,gov]n$ by ! success or failure ( an ent]prise4--,id4 ,:o h patroniz$ ! cause ( ju/ice aga9/ p[]ful oppressors4--,id41 et al4 ,yet cu/om au?orizes ?is use ( x4--,prie/ley cor4 ,!y surprise myself1 999999992 & ,i ev5 ?9k ! writ]s !mselves w be surpris$4--,id4 ,let ! int]e/ rise to any sum :i* c be obta9$4--,web/] cor4 ,to det]m9e :at int]e/ %all arise on ! use ( money4--,id4 ,to direct ! popul> c\ncils & *eck any ris+ opposition1--,id4 ,five 7 appo9t$ to ! imm$iate ex]cise ( ! (fice4--,id4 ,no man ev] (f]s himself z a c&idate by adv]tis+4--,id4 ,!y are hone/ & economical1 b indol5t1 & de/itute ( ent]prise4--,id4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 advise y to be cauti\s4--,id4 ,we are acc\ntable = :at we patronize 9 o!rs4--,murray cor4 ,aft] he 0 baptiz$1 & 0 solemnly admitt$ into ! (fice4--,p]k9s cor4 ,he w f9d all1 or mo/1 ( !m1 compris$ 9 ! ex]cises4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,a quick & ready habit ( me?odiz+ & regulat+ _! ?\ghts4--,id4 ,to tyrannize ov] ! "t & pati5ce ( 8 read]s4--,kirkham cor4 ,writ]s ( dull books1 h[ev]1 if patroniz$ at all1 are rew>d$ beyond _! des]ts4--,id4 ,a little reflection w %[ ! read] ! reason = emphasiz+ ! words m>k$4--,id4 ,! ,engli% ,*ronicle conta9s an acc\nt ( a surpris+ cure4--,r$ ,book cor4 ,dogmatize1 to ass]t positively2 ,dogmatiz]1 an ass]tor1 a magi/]ial tea*]4--,*alm]s cor4 ,& _! inflections might n[ h be5 easily analyz$4--,murray cor4 ,au?orize1 disau?orize1 & unau?oriz$2 ,temporize1 contemporize1 & extemporize4--,walk] cor4 ,legalize1 equalize1 me?odize1 slugg>dize1 womanize1 humanize1 patronize1 cantonize1 gluttonize1 epitomize1 anatomize1 phlebotomize1 sanctu>ize1 *>act]ize1 synonymize1 recognize1 detonize1 colonize4--,id4 cor4 ,?is beauty sweetness always mu/ comprise1 ,:i* f ! subject1 well express'd1 w rise4--,brightl& cor4 ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,comp\nds4 ,! glory ( ! ,"l %all be ?y re>-w>d4--,,scott1 ,,alg]3 ,isa41 lviii1 #h4 ,a m]e van-c\ri] to ann\nce ! com+ ( 8 ma/]4--,tooke cor4 ,! p>ty-col\r$ %utt] appe>$ to come close up be=e him4--,kirkham cor4 ,:5 ! day broke ^u ?is h&ful ( =lorn b dauntless spirits4--,id4 ,if1 ^u a plumtree1 pea*es & apricots are engraft$1 nobody w say !y are ! natural gr[? ( ! plumtree4'--,b]kley cor4 ,! *annel betwe5 ,newf\ndl& & ,labrador is call$ ! ,/raits ( ,belleisle4--,worce/] cor4 ,!re be+ no?+ t m exposes to ! heada*e3--or1 7p]haps m accurately17 headake4--,locke cor4 ,&1 by a sleep1 to say we end ! he>ta*e3--or1 he>take4--,%ak4 cor4 ,he t sleeps1 feels n ! too?a*e3--or1 too?ake4--,id4 ,t ! %oe mu/ fit him1 because x fitt$ 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r4--,phil4 ,museum cor4 ,a s+le ^w misspell$ or misspelt 9 a lett] is suffici5t to %[ t y h receiv$ a defective education4--,c4 ,bucke cor4 ,:i* mis/atem5t ! committee attribut$ to a failure ( memory4--,pr(essors cor4 ,!n he w5t ?r\gh ! ,banquet+-,h\se to ! scaffold4--,smollet cor4 ,= ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ a cl]gyman & a s*oolma/]4--,web/] cor4 ,!y h[ev] knew t ! l&s 7 claim$ by ,p5nsylvania4--,id4 ,b if y ask a reason1 !y imm$iately bid f>ewell to argum5t4--,b>nes cor4 ,:om resi/1 /eadfa/ 9 ! fai?4--,alg]'s ,bible4 ,& !y cont9u$ /eadfa/ly 9 ! apo/les' doctr9e4--,id4 ,bew>e le/ ye also fall f y\r own /eadfa/ness4--,ib4 ,galiot1 or ,galliot1 a ,dut* vessel c>ry+ a ma9-ma/ & a mizz5-ma/4--,web/] cor4 ,inf9itive1 to ov]fl[2 ,pret]it1 ov]fl[$2 ,p>ticiple1 ov]fl[$4--,cobbett cor4 ,aft] !y h missp5t s mu* preci\s "t4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,"s say1 'two h&sful2 "s1 'two h&fuls2 & o!rs1 'two h&ful4' ,! second expression is "r4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,lapful1 z mu* z ! lap c conta94--,web/] cor4 ,d>eful1 full ( defiance4--,walk] cor4 ,! road to ! blissful regions is z op5 to ! peasant z to ! k+4--,mur4 cor4 ,misspell is misspell$ or misspelt 9 e diction>y :i* ,i h se54--,b>nes cor4 ,d[nfall2 ru91 calamity1 fall f rank or /ate4--,johnson cor4 ,! :ole legislature likewise acts z a c\rt4--,web/] cor4 ,x 7 bett] a mill/one 7 hang$ ab\t 8 neck4--,p]k9s cor4 ,plumtree1 a tree t produces plums2 ,hogplumtree1 a tree4--,web/] cor4 ,trissyllables end+ 9 re or le1 acc5t ! fir/ syllable4--,murray cor4 ,x happ5$ on a summ]'s holyday1 ,t to ! gre5wood %ade he took 8 way4--,dryd54 ,,rule ,,xv4--,,usage4 ,nor are ! moods ( ! ,greek tongue m uni=m4--,murray cor4 ,if we analyze a conjunctive pret]it1 ! rule w n appe> to hold4--,prie/ley cor4 ,no l&hold] w\ld h be5 at t exp5se4--,id4 ,i w5t to see ! *ild :il/ !y 7 putt+ on its clo!s4--,id4 ,?is /yle is o/5tati\s1 & does n suit grave writ+4--,id4 ,! k+ ( ,israel & ,jeho%aphat ! k+ ( ,judah1 sat ea* on 8 ?rone4--#a ,k+s1 xxii1 #aj2 #b ,*ron41 xviii1 #i4 ,lysias1 speak+ ( 8 fri5ds1 promis$ to 8 fa!r nev] to ab&on !m4--,murray cor4 ,"s1 to avoid ?is error1 run into its opposite4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,hope1 ! balm ( life soo!s u "u e mis=tune4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 ,any judgem5t or decree might be he>d & rev]s$ by ! legislature4--,n4 ,web/] cor4 ,a pa!tic h>angue w scre5 f puni%m5t any knave4--,id4 ,= ! same reason ! wom5 w\ld be improp] judges4--,id4 ,e p]son is indulg$ 9 wor%ip+ z he pleases4--,id4 ,mo/ or all tea*]s are exclud$ f g5teel company4--,id4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion1 9 its purity1 is ! be/ in/itution on e>?4--,id4 ,nei!r cl]gym5 nor human laws h ! lea/ au?ority ov] ! consci5ce4--,id4 ,a guild is a society1 frat]nity1 or corporation4--,b>nes cor4 ,phillis 0 n able to untie ! knot1 & s %e cut x4--,id4 ,an acre ( l& is ! quantity ( "o hundr$ & sixty p]*es4--,id4 ,o*re is a fossil e>? comb9$ ) ! oxyd ( "s metal4--,id4 ,g5ii1 :5 d5ot+ arial spirits2 g5iuses1 :5 signify+ p]sons ( g5ius4--,murray cor42 also ,fro/2 also ,nutt+4 ,acrisius1 k+ ( ,argos1 _h a beautiful daught]1 ^: "n 0 ,dane4--,classic ,tales cor4 ,pheton 0 ! son ( ,apollo & ,clym5e4--,id4--,b1 aft] all1 ,i may n h rea*$ ! int5d$ goal4--,bu*anan cor4 ',pittacus 0 (f]$ a l>ge sum4' ,bett]3 ',to ,pittacus 0 (f]$ a l>ge sum4'--,kirkham cor4 ,k+ ,micipsa *>g$ 8 sons to respect ! s5ate & p ( ,rome4--,id4 ,= example3 ',galileo greatly improv$ ! telescope4'--,id4 ,ca?mor's w>riors sleep 9 dea?4--,macph]son's ,ossian4 ,= p>s+ w enable y to detect & correct errors 9 composition4--,kirkham cor4 ,o'er b>r5 m\nta9s1 o'er ! fl['ry pla91 ,ext5ds ?y uncontroll$ & b\ndless reign4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,promiscu\s ,,corrections ,,( ,,false ,,spell+4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,a bad au?or des]ves bett] usage ?an a bad critic4--,pope 7or ,johnson7 cor4 ,produce a s+le passage1 sup]ior to ! spee* ( ,logan1 a ,m+o *ief1 to ,"l ,dunmore1 gov]nor ( ?is /ate4--,jeff]son's ,notes1 p4 #id4 ,we h none synonym\s to supply its place4--,jamieson cor4 ,!re is a probability t ! effect w be accel]at$4--,id4 ,nay1 a reg>d to s\nd has controll$ ! public *oice4--,id4 ,?\gh le>nt bett]1 le>n$ f ! un9t]rupt$ use ( guttural s\nds4--,id4 ,x is by c>efully fil+ (f all r\ghness & all inequalities1 t languages1 l metals1 mu/ be poli%$4--,id4 ,t ,i h n missp5t my "t 9 ! s]vice ( ! community4--,bu*anan cor4 ,! leaves ( maize are also call$ blades4--,web/] cor4 ,:o boa/ t !y "k :at is pa/1 & c =etell :at is to come4--,rob]tson cor4 ,its ta/eless dullness is int]rupt$ by no?+ b its p]plexities4--,abbott1 "r4 ,s5t5ces con/ruct$ ) ! ,johnsonian fullness & swell4--,jamieson1 "r4 ,! privilege ( escap+ f 8 prefatory dullness & prolixity4--,kirkham1 "r4 ,b1 9 poetry1 ?is *>act]i/ic ( dullness atta9s its full gr[?4--,id4 correct$4 ,! lead+ *>act]i/ic consi/s 9 an increase ( ! =ce & fullness4--,id cor4 ,! "* ( ?is op5+ fullness & feebl] vani%4--,id4 cor4 ,:o1 9 ! fullness ( unequall$ p[]1 w\ld n believe himself ! fav\rite ( ,heav58--,id4 "r4 ,!y m> "o an o!r1 & di/ract him4--,philol4 ,mus4 cor4 ,let a deaf wor%ip] ( antiquity & an ,engli% prosodi/ settle ?is4--,ru% cor4 ,?is ,philippic gave rise to my satirical reply 9 self-def5ce4--,m]*ant cor4 ,we "h saw no innu5does1 no new sophi/ry1 no falsehoods4--,id4 ,a witty & humor\s ve9 has (t5 produc$ enemies4--,murray cor4 ,cry hollo6 to ?y tongue1 ,i pray !e3#ebg x curvets unseasonably4--,%ak4 cor4 ,i said1 9 my slie/ mann]1 ',y\r heal?1 sir4'--,blackwood cor4 ,& attorneys also travel ! circuit 9 pursuit ( bus9ess4--,b>nes cor4 ,"s :ole c\nties 9 ,virg9ia w\ld h>dly sell = ! value ( ! debts due f ! inhabitants4--,web/] cor4 ,!y 7 call$ ! ,c\rt ( ,assi/ants1 & ex]cis$ all p[]s1 legislative & judicial4--,id4 ,ari?metic is excell5t = ! gaug+ ( liquors4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #bie4 ,mo/ ( ! inflections may be analyz$ 9 a way some:at simil>4--,murray cor4 ,to epi!ts allots emphatic /ate1 ,:ile pr9cipals1 ungrac'd1 l lackeys wait4 --,t4 ,o4 ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cbf4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,h5ce less is a privative suffix1 d5ot+ de/itution2 z 9 fa!rless1 fai?less1 p5niless4--,web/] cor4 ,bay2 r$1 or r$di%1 incl9+ to a *e/nut col\r4--,id4 ,to mimick1 to imitate or ape = sport2 a mimic1 "o :o imitates or mimicks4--,id4 ,c\nt]roll1 a c\nt]p>t or copy ( ! rolls2 ,c\nt]rollm5t1 a c\nt] acc\nt4--,id4 ,mill5nium1 f mille & annus1 ! ?\s& ye>s dur+ :i* ,satan %all be b\nd4--,see ,johnson's ,dict4 ,mill5nial1 l sept5nial1 dec5nial1 c41 p]ta9+ to ! mill5nium1 or to a ?\s& ye>s4--,see ,worce/]'s ,dict4 ,?ralldom2 slav]y1 bondage1 a /ate ( s]vitude4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,bri]1 a prickly bu%2 ,bri]y1 r\gh1 prickly1 full ( bri]s2 ,sweetbri]1 a fragrant %rub4--,see ,a9swor?'s ,dict41 ,scott's1 ,gobb's1 & o!rs4 ,w1 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons1 b>ely =etells4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,& !re=e !re is no ^w false1 b :at is di/+ui%$ by ,italics4--,id4 ,:at %\ld be repeat$1 is left to _! discretion4--,id4 ,because !y are ab/ract$ or sep>at$ f mat]ial sub/ances4--,id4 ,all motion is 9 "t1 & !re=e1 :]ev] x exi/s1 implies "t z its concomitant4-- ,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ie4 ,& illit]ate gr[n p]sons are guilty ( blamable spell+4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,!y w always be ignorant1 & ( r\gh1 uncivil mann]s4--,web/] cor4 ,?is fact w h>dly be believ$ 9 ! nor!rn /ates4--,id4 ,! prov9ce1 h[ev]1 0 h>ass$ ) disputes4--,id4 ,s little conc]n has ! legislature = ! int]e/ ( le>n+4--,id4 ,! g5tlem5 w n admit t a s*oolma/] c be a g5tleman4--,id4 ,su* absurd quid-pro-quoes _c be too /r5u\sly avoid$4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,:5 we say ( a man1 ',he looks slily2' we signify1 t he takes a sly glance or peep at some?+4--,id4 ,peep2 to look ?r\gh a crevice2 to look n>r[ly1 closely1 or slily--,web/] cor4 ,h5ce ! confession has become a hackney$ prov]b4--,wayl& cor4 ,n to m5tion ! m ornam5tal p>ts ( gild+1 v>ni%1 c4--,tooke cor4 ,aft] ?is sy/em ( self-int]e/ _h be5 rivet$4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,prejudice might h prev5t$ ! cordial approbation ( a bigot$ ,jew4--,dr4 ,scott cor4 ,all tw9kl+ ) ! dewdrop %e51 ,! bri]-rose fell 9 /ream]s gre54--,sir ,w4 ,scott cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,! inf9itive mood has1 commonly1 ! sign to be=e x4--,h>rison cor4 ,?us1 x is advisable to write s+e+1 f ! v]b to s+e1 by way ( di/9ction f s++1 ! p>ticiple ( ! v]b to s+4--,id4 ,_m v]bs =m bo? ! pret]it t5se & ! pret]it p>ticiple irregul>ly4--,id4 ,mu* mu/ be left to e "o's ta/e & judgem5t4--,id4 ,v]ses ( diff]5t l5g?s1 int]mix$1 =m a ,p9d>ic poem4--,prie/ley cor4 ,he'll surprise y4--,fro/ cor4 ,unequall$ ar*]6 :y 0 ?is conceal$8-- ,kn[les4 ,s gayly curl ! waves be=e ea* da%+ pr[4--,byron cor4 ,:5 is a diph?ong call$ a prop] diph?ong8--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,h[ _m ,esses w\ld ! ^w !n end )8 ,?ree2 = x w\ld be goodness's4--,id4 ,qu4 ,:at is a triph?ong8 ,ans4 ,a triph?ong is a coalition ( ?ree v[els 9 "o syllable4--,bacon cor4 ,! v]b1 n\n1 or pron\n1 is ref]r$ to ! prec$+ t]ms tak5 sep>ately4--,murray4 ,! cubic foot ( matt] :i* occupies ! c5tre ( ! globe4--,c>dell cor4 ,! w9e imbibes oxyg51 or ! acidify+ pr9ciple1 f ! air4--,id4 ,*>coal1 sulphur1 & nitre1 make gunp[d]4--,id4 ,x w\ld be readily und]/ood1 t ! ?+ s labell$ 0 a bottle ( ,madeira w9e4--,id4 ,!y w5t _! ways1 "o to 8 f>m1 an o!r to 8 m]*&ise4--,matt41 xxii1 #e4 ,a diph?ong is ! union ( two v[els1 bo? 9 "o syllable4--,russell cor4 ,! pr(essors ( ! ,mohamm$an religion are call$ ,mussulmans4--,maltby cor4 ,?is %[s t let is n a m]e sign ( ! imp]ative mood1 b a real v]b4--,id4 ,^? pret]its & p>ticiples :i* are fir/ m5tion$ 9 ! li/1 seem to be ! mo/ eligible4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ajg2 ,fisk's1 #ha2 ,+]soll's1 #ajc4 ,monosyllables1 = ! mo/ "p1 are comp>$ by er & e/1 & dissyllables1 by m & mo/4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,?is t]m9ation1 add$ to a n\n or an adjective1 *anges x into a v]b3 z1 mod]n1 to mod]nize2 a symbol1 to symbolize4-- ,*ur*ill cor4 ,an ,abridgem5t ( ,murray's ,gramm>1 ) additions f ,web/]1 ,a%1 ,tooke1 & o!rs4--,maltby's ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,= ! sake ( occupy+ ! room m advantage\sly1 ! subject ( ,or?ography is m]ely glanc$ at4--,nutt+ cor4 ,s cont5d$ ! accus]s ( ,galileo4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,murray says1 ,!y 7 travell+ po/ :5 he met !m4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #fi4 ,!y fulfill ! only purposes = :i* !y 7 design$4--,peirce cor4--,see ,web/]'s ,dict4 ,on ! fulfillm5t ( ! ev5t4--,peirce1 "r4 ,fullness consi/s 9 express+ e idea4--,id4 ,consi/5tly ) fullness & p]spicuity4--,peirce cor4 ,! ^w v]ie/ is a regul> adjective2 z1 ',he is ! v]ie/ fool on e>?4'--,wright cor4 ,! s\nd w recall ! idea ( ! object4--,hiley cor4 ,=m$ = great ent]prises4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,! mo/ important rules & def9itions are pr9t$ 9 l>ge type1 ,italiciz$4--,h>t cor4 ,,hamlet$1 a41 accu/om$ to a hamlet1 c\ntrifi$4--,web/]1 & ,worce/]4 ,s+ul>1 spoonful1 cupful1 coa*ful1 h&ful2 plural1 spoonfuls1 cupfuls1 coa*fuls1 h&fuls4--,worce/]'s ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y4 ,betwe5 sup]latives & foll[+ names1 ,(1 by grammatic "r1 a /ation claims4--,brightl& cor4 ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,,ii4--,,etymology4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,! fir/ *apt] ( ,etymology1 z x exhibits only ! di/ribution ( words into ! t5 ,p>ts ( ,spee*1 conta9s no false gramm> = correction4 ,& x may be "h obs]v$1 t z mi/akes conc]n+ ! =ms1 classes1 or modifications ( words1 are *iefly to be f\nd 9 s5t5ces1 r ?an 9 any sep>ate exhibition ( ! t]ms2 ! quotations ( ?is k9d1 ) :i* ,i h illu/rat$ ! pr9ciples ( etymology1 are _m ( !m su* z might p]haps ) m propriety be d5om9at$ false syntax4 ,b1 hav+ examples en\gh at h& to %[ ! ignorance & c>elessness ( au?ors 9 e "p ( gramm>1 ,i h ?\ght x mo/ advisable1 s to di/ribute !m z to leave no "p de/itute ( ?is mo/ impressive k9d ( illu/ration4 ,! examples exhibit$ z false etymology1 are z di/9ct f ^? :i* are call$ false syntax1 z ! nature ( ! case w admit4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,articles4 ,,corrections ,,respect+ ,a1 ,,an1 ,,& ,,!4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,articles ,,adapt$4 ,hon\r is a useful di/9ction 9 life4--,milnes cor4 ,no writ]1 !re=e1 ought to fom5t a hum\r ( innovation4--,jamieson cor4 ,conjunctions g5]ally require a situation betwe5 ! ?+s ( :i* !y =m a union4--,id4 ,no?+ is m easy ?an to mi/ake a u = an a4--,tooke cor4 ,f mak+ s ill a use ( our innoc5t expressions4--,p5n cor4 ,to grant !e a heav5ly & incorruptible cr[n ( glory4--,sewel cor4 ,x 9 no wise foll[s1 t su* a "o 0 able to pr$ict4--,id4 ,) a h>mless pati5ce1 !y h borne mo/ heavy oppressions4--,id4 ,my att5dance 0 to make me a happi] man4--,spect4 cor4 ,on ! wond]ful nature ( a human m9d4--,id4 ,i h got a hussy ( a maid1 :o is mo/ craftily giv5 to ?is4--,id4 ,argus is said to h _h a hundr$ eyes1 "s ( :i* 7 always awake4--,/ories cor4 ,c5tip$1 hav+ a hundr$ feet2 c5t5nial1 consi/+ ( a hundr$ ye>s4--,t[n cor4 ,no good man1 he ?\ght1 c\ld be a h]etic4--,gilp9 cor4 ,z1 a ,*ri/ian1 an infidel1 a hea!n4--,a% cor4 ,( two or m words1 usually jo9$ by a hyph54--,blair cor4 ,we may consid] ! :ole space ( a hundr$ ye>s z "t pres5t4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ach4 ,9 gu>d+ aga9/ su* a use ( meats & dr9ks4--,a% cor4 ,wor%ip is a homage due f man to 8 ,creator4--,monitor cor4 ,!n a eulogium on ! deceas$ 0 pron\nc$4--,grim%aw cor4 ,b = ,adam !re 0 n f\nd a help meet = him4--,bible cor4 ,my days are consum$ l smoke1 & my bones are burn$ z a he>?4--,id4 ,a =eign] & a hir$ s]vant %all n eat !re(4--,id4 ,! hill ( ,god is z ! hill ( ,ba%an2 a high hill1 z ! hill ( ,ba%an4--,id4 ,b ,i d decl>e x to h be5 a holy (f]+1 & su* a "o too z 0 to be once = all4--,p5n cor4 ,a hope t does n make a%am$ ^? t h x4--,b>clay cor4 ,:]e !re is n a unity1 we may ex]cise true *>ity4--,id4 ,tell me1 if 9 any ( ^! su* a union c be f\nd8--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,su* holy drops h] tresses /eep$1 ,?\gh 'twas a h]o's eye t weep$4--,sir ,w4 ,scott cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,articles ,,ins]t$4 ,?is veil ( fle% p>ts ! visible & ! invisible _w4--,%]lock cor4 ,! copulative & ! disjunctive conjunctions op]ate diff]5tly on ! v]b4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,e comb9ation ( a preposition & an article ) ! n\n4--,id4 ,ei!r signifies1 '! "o or ! o!r3' nei!r imports1 'n ei!r2' t is1 'n ! "o nor ! o!r4'--,id4 ,a n\n ( multitude may h a pron\n or a v]b agree+ ) x1 ei!r ( ! s+ul> numb] or ( ! plural4--,bucke cor4 ,! pr9cipal copulative conjunctions are1 &1 z1 bo?1 because1 =1 if1 t1 !n1 s9ce4--,id4 ,! two real g5d]s are ! mascul9e & ! fem99e4--,id4 ,9 :i* a mute & a liquid are repres5t$ by ! same "*1 ?4--,g>d9] cor4 ,!y said1 ,john ! ,bapti/ ha? s5t u unto !e4--,bible cor4 ,!y inde$ rememb] ! names ( an abundance ( places4--,spect4 cor4 ,:i* creat$ a great dispute betwe5 ! "y & ! old m54--,goldsmi? cor4 ,!n %all be read ! ,apo/les' or ! ,nic5e ,cre$4--,com4 ,pray] cor4 ,! rules conc]n+ ! p]fect t5ses & ! sup9es ( v]bs are ,lily's4--,k4 ,h5ry's ,gr4 cor4 ,x 0 read by ! high & ! l[1 ! le>n$ & ! illit]ate4--,dr4 ,johnson cor4 ,mo/ commonly1 bo? ! pron\n & ! v]b are und]/ood4--,bu*anan cor4 ,to signify ! ?ick & ! sl5d] enunciation ( tone4--,knight cor4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 a palatial & a guttural aspirate is v small4--,id4 ,leav+ x to wav] betwe5 ! figurative & ! lit]al s5se4--,jamieson cor4 ,:atev] v]b w n admit ( bo? an active & a passive signification4--,alex4 ,murray cor4 ,! is (t5 set be=e adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative degree4--,id4 & ,kirkham cor4 ,le/ any %\ld fe> ! effect ( su* a *ange1 ^u ! pres5t or ! succe$+ age ( writ]s4--,f[le cor4 ,9 all ^! measures1 ! acc5ts are to be plac$ on ! ev5 syllables2 & e l9e is1 9 g5]al1 ! m melodi\s1 z ?is rule is ! m /rictly obs]v$4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,h[ _m numb]s d n\ns appe> to h8 ,two3 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,h[ _m p]sons8 ,?ree2 ! fir/1 ! second1 & ! ?ird4--,id4 ,h[ _m cases8 ,?ree2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,id4 ,ah6 :at avails x me1 ! flocks to keep1 ,:o lo/ my he>t :ile ,i pres]v'd ! %eep3--or1 my %eep4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,articles ,,omitt$4 ,! negroes are all desc5dants ( ,africans4--,morse cor4 ,syb>ite 0 appli$ z a t]m ( reproa* to a man ( dissolute mann]s4--,id4 ,! orig9al signification ( knave 0 boy4--,web/] cor4 ,! mean+ ( ^! w be expla9$1 = great] cle>ness & precision4--,bucke cor4 ,:at sort ( n\n is man8 ,a n\n sub/antive1 common4--,bu*anan cor4 ,is :at ev] us$ z ?ree k9ds ( pron\n8--,kirkham's ,"q cor4 ,answ]3 ,no2 z a pron\n1 x is ei!r relative or int]rogative4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,!y delight$ 9 hav+ done x1 z well z 9 ! do+ ( x4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,bo? p>ts ( ?is rule are exemplifi$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4--,murray cor4 ,he has taught !m to hope = an o!r & bett] _w4--,knapp cor4 ,x 0 itself only prep>atory to a future1 bett]1 & p]fect revelation4--,kei? cor4 ,es !n makes an o!r & di/9ct syllable4--,brightl& cor4 ,! et]nal clam\rs ( a selfi% & facti\s p4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,to ^? ^: ta/e 9 elocution is b little cultivat$4--,kirkham cor4 ,!y consid]$ !y _h b a sort ( g\rd to rejoice 94--,b5net cor4 ,n[ !re 0 b "o su* b\gh1 9 a spaci\s & %ady grove4--,bacon cor4 ,n[ ! absurdity ( ?is latt] supposition w g a great way t[>ds mak+ a man easy4--,colli] cor4 ,?is is true ( ma!matics1 ) :i* ta/e has b little to d4--,todd cor4 ,to /& prompt] to a paus+ yet ready compreh5sion4--,ru% cor4 ,su* an ob$i5ce z ! yok$ & tortur$ negro is compell$ to yield to ! :ip ( ! ov]se]4--,*alm]s cor4 ,= ! gratification ( a mom5t>y & unholy desire4--,wayl& cor4 ,! body is sl5d]ly put toge!r2 ! m9d1 a rambl+ sort ( ?+4--,colli] cor4 ,! only nom9ative to ! v]b1 is (fic]4--,murray cor4 ,& ?\gh 9 g5]al x ought to be admitt$1 c4--,blair cor4 ,philosophical writ+ admits ( a poli%$1 neat1 & elegant /yle4--,id4 ,b not)/&+ ?is defect1 ,?omson is a /rong & beautiful describ]4--,id4 ,s %\ld he be sure to be ransom$1 & _m poor m5's lives %\ld be sav$4--,%ak4 cor4 ,:o felt ! wrong1 or fe>$ x1 took al>m1 ,appeal$ to law1 & ,ju/ice l5t h] arm4--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,articles ,,*ang$4 ,to enable u to avoid too frequ5t a repetition ( ! same ^w4--,bucke cor4 ,! =m] is commonly acquir$ 9 a ?ird "p ( ! "t4--,burn cor4 ,sometimes an adjective becomes a sub/antive2 &1 l o!r sub/antives1 x may h an adjective relat+ to x3 z1 ',! *ief good4'--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,an articulate s\nd is a s\nd ( ! human voice1 =m$ by ! organs ( spee*4--,id4 ,a t5se is a di/9ction ( "t3 !re are six t5ses4--,maund] cor4 ,9 ?is case1 an ellipsis ( ! la/ article w\ld be improp]4--,l4 ,hurray cor4 ,contra/ always has ! effect to make ea* ( ! contra/$ objects appe> 9 a /rong] light4--,id4 et al4 ,^! rem>ks may s]ve to %[ ! great importance ( a prop] use ( ! articles4--,l[? et al4 cor4 ',ar*bi%op ,tillotson1' says ! au?or ( a hi/ory ( ,engl&1 'di$ 9 ?is ye>4'--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,pron\ns are us$ 9 /ead ( sub/antives1 to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( !m4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,,t1 z a relative1 seems to be introduc$ to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( ,,:o & ,,:i*4--,id4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n1 to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( x4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,,t is (t5 us$ z a relative1 to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( ,,:o & ,,:i*4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,8 knees smote "o aga9/ ! o!r4--,logan cor4 ,!y /& n[ on "o foot1 !n on ! o!r4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,! ,"l wat* betwe5 !e & me1 :5 we are abs5t "o f ! o!r4--,bible cor4 ,"s h enum]at$ t5 p>ts ( spee*1 mak+ ! p>ticiple a di/9ct "p4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,nemesis rides ^u a h>t because ! h>t is a mo/ lively creature4--,bacon cor4 ,! transition ( ! voice f "o v[el ( ! diph?ong to ! o!r4--,dr4 ,wilson cor4 ,s difficult x is1 to sep>ate ^! two ?+s "o f ! o!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,)\t a mat]ial brea* ( any rule4--,id4 ,! great s\rce ( loos5ess ( /yle1 9 opposition to precision1 is an injudici\s use ( :at are t]m$ synonym\s words4--,blair cor42 also ,murray4 ,sometimes "o article is improp]ly us$ = ! o!r4--,sanborn cor4 ,satire ( s5se1 alas6 c ,sporus feel8 ,:o breaks a butt]fly ^u ! :eel8--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,he ha? no delight 9 ! /r5g? ( a horse4--,matur9 cor4 ,! head ( x w\ld be a univ]sal mon>*4--,butl] cor4 ,"h !y conf\nd ! mat]ial & ! =mal object ( fai?4--,b>clay cor4 ,! ,iri% ,celtic & ! ,scotti% ,celtic are "o language2 ! ,wel%1 ! ,corni%1 & ! ,armorican1 are an o!r4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,9 a uni=m & p]spicu\s mann]4--,id4 ,,scripture1 n4 ,appropriately1 & by way ( di/9ction1 ! books ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t2 ! ,bible4--,web/] cor4 ,9 two sep>ate volumes1 entitl$1 ',! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4'--,wayl& cor4 ,! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t1 conta9 a revelation f ,god4--,id4 ,q has always a u aft] x2 :i*1 9 words ( ,fr5* orig91 is n s\nd$4--,wilson cor4 ,:at %\ld we say ( su* a "o8 t he is reg5]ate8 ,no4--,hopk9s cor4 ,"s gramm>ians subdivide ! v[els into simple & comp\nd4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,emphasis has be5 divid$ into ! weak] & ! /rong] emphasis4--,id4 ,emphasis has also be5 divid$ into ! sup]ior & ! inf]ior emphasis4--,id4 ,pron\ns mu/ agree ) _! antec$5ts1 or ! n\ns :i* !y repres5t1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son4--,m]*ant cor4 ,! adv]b :]e is (t5 us$ improp]ly1 = a relative pron\n & a preposition3 z1 ,words :]e 9 :i* ! h is n sil5t4--,murray1 p4 #ca4 ,! t]m9ation i% imports dim9ution1 or a less5+ ( ! quality4--,m]*ant cor4 ,9 ?is tra91 all _! v]ses proce$3 "o half ( a l9e always answ]+ to ! o!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,to a height ( prosp]ity & glory1 unkn[n to any =m] age4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,hwilc1 :o1 :i*1 su* z1 su* a "o1 is decl9$ z foll[s4--,gwilt cor4 ,:5 a v[el prec$es ! y1 s only is requir$ to =m ! plural2 z1 day1 days4--,bucke cor4 ,he is ask$ :at sort ( ^w ea* is2 :e!r a primitive1 a d]ivative1 or a comp\nd4--,briti% ,gram4 cor4 ,x is obvi\s1 t nei!r ! second1 ! ?ird1 nor ! f\r? *apt] ( ,mat!w1 is ! fir/2 consequ5tly1 !re are n 'f\r fir/ *apt]s4'--,*ur*ill cor4 ,"s ?\ght1 :i* a writ] wants ! art to introduce 9 its prop] place4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,groves & mead[s are ! mo/ pleas+ 9 ! spr+4--,id4 ,! conflict betwe5 ! c>nal & ! spiritual m9d1 is (t5 long4--,gurney cor4 ,a ,philosophical ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 ( our ,ideas ( ! ,sublime & ! ,beautiful--,burke cor4 ,sil5ce1 my muse6 make n ^! jewels *eap1 ,expos+ to ! _w too l>ge a heap4--,wall] cor4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,n\ns4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,modifications ,,( ,,n\ns4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,numb]s4 ,all ! able/ ( ! ,jewi% rabbies ackn[l$ge x4--,wilson cor4 ,:o has ?or\ghly imbib$ ! sy/em ( "o or o!r ( our ,*ri/ian rabbies4--,campbell cor4 ,! seem+ s+ul>ities ( reason soon we> (f4--,colli] cor4 ,! *iefs & arikies1 or prie/s1 h ! p[] ( decl>+ a place or object taboo4--,balbi cor4 ,among ! v>i\s tribes ( ?is family1 are ! ,pottawatomies1 ! ,sauks & ,foxes1 or ,saukies & ,ottogamies4--,id4 ,! ,%awnees1 ,kickapoos1 ,m5om'onies1 ,miamies1 & ,delaw>es1 are ( ! same region4--,id4 ,! ,mohegans & ,ab5aquies belong$ also to ?is family4--,id4 ,"o tribe ( ?is family1 ! ,w9nebagoes1 =m]ly resid$ ne> lake ,mi*igan4--,id4 ,! o!r tribes are ! ,i[ays1 ! ,otoes1 ! ,miss\ries1 ! ,quapaws4--,id4 ,! great ,mexican family comprises ! ,aztecs1 ! ,toltecs1 & ! ,t>ascoes4--,id4 ,! ,mulattoes are born ( negro & :ite p>5ts2 ! ,zamboes1 ( ,indians & ,negroes4--,id4 ,to h a place among ! ,alex&]s1 ! ,cs>s1 ! ,l\ises1 or ! ,*>leses1--! sc\rges & but*]s ( _! fell[-creatures4--,burgh cor4 ,:i* 0 ! notion ( ! ,platonic philosoph]s & ! ,jewi% rabbies4--,id4 ,t !y %\ld relate to ! :ole body ( virtuosoes4--,cobbeti cor4 ,:at ?anks h ye8 = s9n]s also love ^? t love !m4--,bible cor4 ,!re are five ranks ( nobility2 dukes1 m>quises1 e>ls1 visc\nts1 & b>ons4--,balbi cor4 ,acts :i* 7 s well kn[n to ! two ,*>leses4--,payne cor4 ,c\rts-m>tial are held 9 all p>ts1 = ! trial ( ! blacks4--,obs]v] cor4 ,x becomes a common n\n1 & may h ! plural numb]2 z1 ! two ,davids1 ! two ,scipios1 ! two ,pompeys4--,/ani=d cor4 ,! food ( ! rattlesnake is birds1 squirrels1 h>es1 rats1 & reptiles4--,balbi cor4 ,& let f[ls multiply 9 ! e>?4--,bible cor4 ,!n we rea*$ ! hillside1 :]e eight buffaloes 7 graz+4--,m>t9eau cor4 ,,corset1 n4 a bodice = a woman4--,worce/] cor4 ,z1 ! ,bees1 ! ,cees1 ! ,d\ble-ues4--,peirce cor4 ,simplicity is ! mean betwe5 o/5tation & ru/icity4--,pope cor4 ,y h disguis$ y\rselves l tip/affs4--,gil ,bias cor4 ,b :o1 t has any ta/e1 c endure ! incessant quick returns ( ! alsoes1 & ! likewises1 & ! moreov]s1 & ! h[ev]s1 & ! not)/&+s8--,campbell cor4 ,sometimes1 9 mutual sly disguise1 ,let ays seem noes1 & noes seem ays4--,gay cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,cases4 ,= ^: "n's sake1 ,i h be5 made will+4--,p5n cor4 ,be gov]n$ by y\r consci5ce1 & nev] ask any body's leave to be hone/4--,colli] cor4 ,to ov]look nobody's m]it or misbehavi\r4-- ,id4 ,& ,hector at la/ fights 8 way to ! /]n ( ,ajax's %ip4--,col]idge cor4 ,no?+ is lazi]1 ?an to keep "o's eye ^u words )\t he$+ _! mean+4--,museum cor4 ,sir ,william ,jones's division ( ! day4--,id4 ,i ne$ only ref] "h to ,voss's excell5t acc\nt ( x4--,id4 ,! beg9n+ ( ,/esi*orus's pal9ode has be5 pres]v$4--,id4 ,?\gh we h ,tibullus's elegies1 !re is n a ^w 9 !m ab\t ,glycera4--,id4 ,t ,horace 0 at ,?ali>*us's c\ntry-h\se4--,id4 ,t ,sisyphus's foot-tub %\ld h be5 /ill 9 exi/5ce4--,id4 ,h[ ev]y?+ w5t on 9 ,horace's closet1 & ,mec5as's ante*amb]4--,id4 ,:o1 = elegant brevity's sake1 put a p>ticiple = a v]b4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,! c\ntry's lib]ty be+ oppress$1 we h no m to hope4--,id4 ,a brief b true acc\nt ( ?is p's pr9ciples4--,b>clay cor4 ,z1 ,! ,*ur*'s peace1 or1 ,! peace ( ! ,*ur*2 ,virgil's neid1 or1 ,! neid ( ,virgil4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,z1 ,virgil's neid1 =1 ,! neid ( ,virgil2 ,! ,*ur*'s peace1 =1 ,! peace ( ! ,*ur*4--,bu*anan cor4 ,:i*1 ) ,hubn]'s ,comp5d1 & ,well's ,geographia ,classica1 w be suffici5t4--,burgh cor4 ,witness ,hom]'s speak+ horses1 scold+ goddesses1 & ,jupit] en*ant$ ) ,v5us's girdle4--,id4 ,dr4 ,watts's ,logic may ) success be read to !m & comm5t$ on4--,id4 ,pott]'s ,greek1 & ,k5net's ,roman ,antiquities1 ,/rau*ius's & ,helvicus's ,*ronology4--,id4 ,,s+4 ,alice's fri5ds1 ,felix's prop]ty2 ,,plur4 ,! ,alices' fri5ds1 ! ,felixes' prop]ty4--,peirce cor4 ,su* z ,bac*us's company--at ,bac*us's fe/ivals4--,a9sworih cor4 ,burns's inimitable ,tam o' ,%ant] turns entirely ^u su* a circum/ance4--,scott cor4 ,nom9ative1 m52 ,g5itive1 or ,possessive1 m5's2 ,objective1 m54--,cutl] cor4 ,m5's happ9ess or mis]y is mo/ly ( _! own mak+4--,locke cor4 ,t y\r son's clo!s be nev] made /rait1 especially ab\t ! brea/4--,id4 ,*ildr5's m9ds are n>r[ & weak4--,id4 ,i w\ld n h little *ildr5 mu* torm5t$ ab\t punctilios1 or niceties ( bre$+4--,id4 ,to fill 8 head ) suitable ideas4--,id4 ,! ,burgusdisciuses & ! ,s*eibl]s did n sw>m 9 ^? days1 z !y d n[4--,id4 ,to see ! v>i\s ways ( dress+--a calf's head6--,%5/one cor4 ,he puts x on1 & = decorum's sake ,c we> x e'en z gracefully z %e4--,c[p] cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,simon ! wiz>d 0 ( ?is religion too--,bunyan cor4 ,,mammodies1 n4 ,co>se1 pla91 ,india musl9s4--,web/] cor4 ,g on f s+le p]sons to families1 t ( ! ,pompeys = in/ance4--,colli] cor4 ,by :i* ! anci5ts 7 n able to acc\nt = ph5om5a4--,bailey cor4 ,aft] ?is ,i m>ri$ a woman :o _h liv$ at ,crete1 b a ,jewess by bir?4--,josephus cor4 ,! v hea!ns are inexcusable = n wor%ip+ him4--,todd cor4 ,su* poems z ,camo5s's ,lusiad1 ,voltaire's ,h5r9de1 c4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,my le>n$ correspond5t writes a ^w 9 def5ce ( l>ge sc>fs4--,sp$4 cor4 ,! =]unn]s ( an apoplexy are dullness1 v]tigoes1 trembl+s4--,arbu?not cor4 ,v]tigo1 9 ,lat91 *anges ! o into 9es1 mak+ ! plural v]tig9es3 n s1 9 ,engli%4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,noctambulo1 9 ,lat91 *anges ! o into ones1 mak+ ! plural noctambulones3 n s 9 ,engli%4--,id4 ,:at %all we say ( noctambuloes8 ,x is ! regul> ,engli% plural4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,9 ! curi\s fretwork ( rocks & grottoes4--,blair cor4 ,:>f makes ! plural :>fs1 accord+ to ! be/ usage4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,a few c5ts' wor? ( mac>oni supplies all _! wants4--,balbi cor4 ,c s\nds h>d1 l k1 at ! end ( a ^w or syllable4--,blair cor4 ,by :i* ! virtuosoes try ,! magnitude ( e lie4--,butl] cor4 ,qu>toes1 octavoes1 %ape ! less5+ pyre4--,pope cor4 ,p]*+ )9 squ>e royal ro(s--,sidney cor4 ,similes %\ld1 ev5 9 poetry1 be us$ ) mod]ation4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,similes %\ld nev] be tak5 f l[ or mean objects4--,id4 ,x 7 c]ta9ly bett] to say1 ',! ,h\se ( ,lords1' ?an1 ',! ,lords' ,h\se4'--,murray cor4 ,read y\r answ]s4 ,units' figure8 ',five4' ,t5s'8 ',six4' ,hundr$s'8 ',sev54'--,abbott cor4 ,alex&] conqu]$ ,d>ius's army4--,kirkham cor4 ,?ree days' "t 0 requisite1 to prep>e matt]s4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,s we say1 t ,cic]o's /yle & ,sallu/'s 7 n "o2 nor ,cs>'s & ,livy's2 nor ,hom]'s & ,hesiod's2 nor ,h]odotus's & ,?ucydides's2 nor ,euripides's & ,ari/ophanes's2 nor ,erasmus's & ,budu's4--,putt5ham cor4 ,,lex 7i4e41 legs1 a law17 is no o!r ?an our ance/ors' pa/ p>ticiple loeg1 laid d[n--,tooke cor4 ,a*aia's sons at ,ilium sla9 = ! ,atridoe's sake4--,c[p] cor4 ,! corpses ( h] s5ate manure ! fields ( ,!ssaly4--,addison cor4 ,poison+1 )\t reg>d ( fame or fe>2 ,& spott$ corpses load ! frequ5t bi]4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,adjectives4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,=ms ,,( ,,comp>ison1 c4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,degrees4 ,i h ! real excuse ( ! mo/ hone/ sort ( bankrupts4--,c[ley correct$4 ,! mo/ hon\rable "p ( talk1 is1 to give ! occasion4--,bacon cor4 ,to give him "o ( ! mo/ mode/ ( 8 own prov]bs4--,b>clay cor4 ,our language is n[1 c]ta9ly1 m prop] & m natural1 ?an x 0 =m]ly4--,burnet cor4 ,:i* w be ( ! greate/ & mo/ frequ5t use to him 9 ! _w4--,locke cor4 ,! same is notifi$ 9 ! mo/ consid]able places 9 ! diocese4--,:itgift cor4 ,b x 0 ! mo/ dreadful sight t ev] ,i saw4--,bunyan cor4 ,f\r ( ! olde/1 sob]e/1 & discreete/ ( ! bre?r51 *os5 = ! occasion1 %all regulate x4--,locke cor4 ,nor c !re be any cle> und]/&+ ( any ,roman au?or1 especially ( m anci5t "t1 )\t ?is skill4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,f> ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,greeks4--,id4 ,! m le>n$ ?\ art1 ! humbl] be ?\4--,id4 ,he is none ( ! be/1 or mo/ hone/4--,id4 ,! mo/ prop] me?ods ( communicat+ x to o!rs4--,burn cor4 ,:at heav5's great ,k+ ha? mightie/ to s5d aga9/ u4--,milton cor4 ,b5$ict is n ! mo/ unhopeful husb& t ,i "k4--,%akspe>e cor4 ,t he %\ld imm$iately d all ! meane/ & mo/ trifl+ ?+s himself4--,ray cor4 ,i %all be nam$ among ! mo/ r5[n$ ( wom54--,milton cor4 ,^? h ! mo/ inv5tive heads = all purposes4--,as*am cor4 ,! m wret*$ are ! contemn]s ( all helps4--,b4 ,johnson cor4 ,i w n[ deliv] a few ( ! mo/ prop] & mo/ natural consid]ations t belong to ?is piece4--,wotton cor4 ,! mo/ mortal poisons practis$ by ! ,we/ ,indians1 h "s mixture ( ! blood1 fat1 or fle% ( man4--,bacon cor4 ,he s won ^u him1 t he r5d]$ him "o ( ! mo/ fai?ful & mo/ affectionate allies ! ,m$es ev] _h4--,roll9 cor4 ',y see be=e y1' says he to him1 '! mo/ devot$ s]vant1 & ! mo/ fai?ful ally1 y ev] _h4'--,id4 ,i *ose ! mo/ fl\ri%+ tree 9 all ! p>k4--,c[ley cor4 ,:i* he plac$1 ,i ?9k1 "s c5turies e>li] ?an did ,julius ,africanus aft]w>ds4--,bol+broke cor4 ,! ,tib]1 ! mo/ not$ riv] ( ,italy4--,littleton cor4 ,to f>!/ %ores ?' ambrosial _s flies4--,pope4 ----,t :at %e wills to d or say1 ,seems wise/1 wor?ie/1 discreete/1 be/4--,milton cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree or f\r ye>s ( its exi/5ce4--,taylor cor4 ,to ! fir/ ( ^! divisions1 my la/ t5 lectures h be5 devot$4--,adams cor4 ,!re are1 9 ! tw5ty-f\r /ates1 n few] ?an sixty ?\s& common s*ools4--,j4 ,o4 ,taylor cor4 ,i "k ( no?+ :i* gives tea*]s m tr\ble1 ?an ?is want ( firmness4--,id4 ,i "k ( no?+ else t ?r[s su* d>kness ov] ! l9e :i* sep>ates "r f wrong4--,id4 ,none ne$ ?is purity & ?is simplicity ( language & ?\ght1 m ?an does ! in/ructor ( a common s*ool4--,id4 ,i "k ( no o!r p]iodical t is s valuable to ! tea*]1 z ! ,annals ( ,education4--,id4 ,are n ^! s*ools ( ! highe/ importance8 ,%\ld n e individual feel a deep int]e/ 9 _! "* & condition8--,id4 ,if in/ruction 7 made a lib]al pr(ession1 tea*]s w\ld feel m sympa?y = "o an o!r4--,id4 ,no?+ is m int]e/+ to *ildr51 ?an novelty1 or *ange4--,id4 ,i "k ( no o!r lab\r :i* af=ds s mu* happ9ess z ! tea*]'s4--,id4 ,_! s*ool ex]cises are ! mo/ pleasant & agreeable duties1 t !y engage 94--,id4 ,i "k ( no ex]cise m b5eficial to ! pupil ?an t ( draw+ maps4--,id4 ,i "k ( no?+ 9 :i* our di/rict s*ools are m defective1 ?an !y are 9 ! art ( tea*+ gramm>4--,id4 ,i "k ( no o!r bran* ( k1 s easily acquir$ z hi/ory4--,id4 ,i "k ( no o!r s*ool ex]cise = :i* pupils usually h su* an abhorr5ce1 z = composition4--,id4 ,!re is no?+ belong+ to our fell[-m51 :i* we %\ld respect m sacr$ly ?an _! good "n4--,id4 ,surely1 nev] any o!r creature 0 s unbr$ z t odi\s man4--,congreve cor4 ,9 ! dialogue betwe5 ! m>9] & ! %ade ( ! deceas$4--,phil4 ,museum cor4 ,^! ma/]-works w\ld /ill be less excell5t & f9i%$4--,id4 ,e attempt to /aylace ! language ( poli%$ conv]sation1 r5d]s our phraseology inelegant & clumsy4--,id4 ,"h are a few ( ! mo/ unpleasant words t ev] blott$ pap]4--,%akespe>e cor4 ,) ! mo/ easy & oblig+ transitions4--,broome cor4 ,fe> is1 ( all affections1 ! lea/ apt to admit any conf]5ce ) reason4--,hook] cor4 ,mo/ *ymi/s ?9k glass a body less de/ructible ?an gold itself4--,boyle cor4 ,to "p ) unhack$ edges1 & be> back our b>ge und9t$4--,%ak4 cor4 ,erasmus1 :o 0 an unbigot$ ,roman ,ca?olic1 0 transport$ ) ?is passage4--,addison cor4 ,!re are no few] ?an five words1 ) any ( :i* ! s5t5ce might h t]m9at$4--,campbell cor4 ,! ones prea* ,*ri/ ( cont5tion2 b ! o!rs1 ( love4 ,or1 ,! "o p>ty prea*1 c4--,bible cor4 ,h5ce we f9d less discont5t & few] he>t-burn+s1 ?an :]e ! subjects are unequally burd5$4--,h4 ,home1 ,ld4 ,kames1 cor4 ,! s]p5t1 subtle/ bea/ ( all ! field4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ix1 l4 #hf4 ,!e1 ,s]p5t1 subtle/ bea/ ( all ! field1 ,i knew1 b n ) human voice indu$4 --,id41 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ix1 l4 #efj4 ,h[ mu* m griev\s w\ld our lives appe>4 ,to rea* ?' eight-hundr$?1 ?an ! eightie? ye>6 --,d5ham cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,brutus engag$ ) ,aruns2 & s fi]ce 0 ! attack1 t !y pi]c$ ea* o!r at ! same "t4--,lempri]e cor4 ,h] two bro!rs 71 "o aft] ! o!r1 turn$ into /one4--,kames cor4 ,n\ns are (t5 us$ z adjectives2 z1 ,a gold r+1 a silv] cup4--,l5nie cor4 ,fire & wat] de/roy ea* o!r--,wano/ro*t cor4 ,two negatives1 9 ,engli%1 de/roy ea* o!r1 or are equival5t to an affirmative4--,l[?1 ,murray1 et al4 cor4 ,two negatives de/roy ea* o!r1 & are g5]ally equival5t to an affirmative4--,kirkham & ,felton cor4 ,two negatives de/roy ea* o!r1 & make an affirmative4--,fl9t cor4 ,two negatives de/roy ea* o!r1 be+ equival5t to an affirmative4--,fro/ cor4 ,two objects1 resembl+ ea* o!r1 are pres5t$ to ! imag9ation4--,p>k] cor4 ,mank9d1 9 ord] to hold conv]se ) "o an o!r1 f\nd x necess>y to give names to objects4--,kirkham cor4 ,d]ivative words are =m$ f _! primitives 9 v>i\s ways4--,coop] cor4 ,!re are _m diff]5t ways ( d]iv+ words "o f an o!r4--,murray cor4 ,:5 sev]al v]bs h a jo9t con/ruction 9 a s5t5ce1 ! auxili>y is usually express$ ) ! fir/ only4--,fro/ cor4 ,two or m v]bs1 hav+ ! same nom9ative case1 & com+ 9 imm$iate succession1 are also sep>at$ by ! comma4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,two or m adv]bs1 com+ 9 imm$iate succession1 mu/ be sep>at$ by ! comma4--,iidem4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! two memb]s are v closely connect$1 ! comma is unnecess>y4--,iidem4 ,gratitude1 :5 ex]t$ t[>ds o!rs1 naturally produces a v pleas+ s5sation 9 ! m9d ( a g5]\s man4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,sev]al v]bs 9 ! inf9itive mood1 com+ 9 succession1 & hav+ a common dep5d5ce1 are also divid$ by commas4--,comly cor4 ,! sev]al words ( :i* x consi/s1 h s ne> a relation "o to an o!r4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,:5 two or m v]bs1 or two or m adv]bs1#ebh occur 9 imm$iate succession1 & h a common dep5d5ce1 !y mu/ be sep>at$ by ! comma4--,comly cor4 ,"o n\n frequ5tly foll[s an o!r1 bo? mean+ ! same ?+4--,sanborn cor4 ,& ^! two t5ses may ?us answ] ea* o!r4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,or "s o!r relation :i* two objects be> to ea* o!r4--,jamieson cor4 ,t ! hea!ns tol]at$ "o an o!r is all[$4--,a4 ,full] cor4 ,& yet ^! two p]sons love ea* o!r t5d]ly4--,e4 ,read] cor4 ,9 ! six hundr$ & fir/ ye>4--,bible cor4 ,nor is ?is argu+ ( 81 any ?+ b a reit]at$ clam\r4--,b>clay cor4 ,9 sev]al ( !m ! inw>d life ( ,*ri/ianity is to be f\nd4--,ib4 ,?\gh ,alv>ez1 ,despaut]1 & o!rs1 d n all[ x to be plural4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,ev5 ! mo/ dissipat$ & %ameless blu%$ at ! sight4--,lempri]e cor4 ,we feel a high] satisfaction 9 survey+ ! life ( animals1 ?an 9 contemplat+ t ( vegetables4-- ,jamieson cor4 ,b ?is man is s full-fraught ) malice4--,b>clay cor4 ,t ,i sugge/ "s ?+s conc]n+ ! mo/ prop] means4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,s1 h& 9 h&1 !y pass$1 ! lovelie/ pair ,t ev] yet 9 love's embraces met4--,milton cor4 ,aim at supremacy2 )\t su* height1 ,w be = !e no sitt+1 or n long4--,id4 cor4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,pron\ns4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,=ms ,,& ,,uses ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,relatives4 ,:ile we att5d to ?is pause1 e appe>ance ( s+song mu/ be c>efully avoid$4--,murray cor4 ,= ?\ %alt g to all to :om ,i %all s5d !e4--,bible cor4 ,ah6 h[ happy w\ld x h be5 = me1 _h ,i sp5t 9 retirem5t ^! tw5ty-?ree ye>s dur+ :i* ,i h possess$ my k+dom4--,sanborn cor4 ,9 ! same mann] 9 :i* relative pron\ns & _! antec$5ts are usually p>s$4--,id4 ,p>se or expla9 all ! o!r n\ns conta9$ 9 ! examples1 aft] ! v mann] ( ! ^w :i* is p>s$ = y4--,id4 ,! passive v]b w always h ! p]son & numb] t belong to ! v]b be1 ( :i* x is 9 "p compos$4--,id4 ,y h be5 taught t a v]b mu/ always agree 9 p]son & numb] ) x subject or nom9ative4--,id4 ,a relative pron\n1 also1 mu/ always agree 9 p]son1 9 numb]1 & ev5 9 g5d]1 ) its antec$5t4--,id4 ,! answ] always agrees 9 case ) ! pron\n :i* asks ! "q4--,id4 ,"o sometimes repres5ts an antec$5t n\n1 9 ! def9ite mann] ( a p]sonal pron\n4 #ebi--;,id4 ,! m9d1 be+ c>ri$ =w>d to ! "t at :i* ! ev5t is to happ51 easily conceives x to be pres5t4 ,,save & ,,sav+ are seldom to be p>s$ 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ,,except & ,,except+ are commonly expla9$4--,id4 ,adv]bs qualify v]bs1 or modify _! mean+1 z adjectives qualify n\ns & describe ?+s4--,id4 ,! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( v]bs1 t]m9ates 9 s or es1 l ! plural numb] ( n\ns4--,id4 ,he sai? fur!r3 t1 ',! apo/les did n baptize anew su* p]sons z _h be5 baptiz$ ) ! baptism ( ,john4'--,b>clay cor4 ,= we :o live1--or1 ,= we t are alive1 are always deliv]$ unto dea? = ,jesus' sake4--,bible cor4 ,= !y :o believe 9 ,god1 mu/ be c>eful to ma9ta9 good works4--,b>clay cor4 ,nor yet ( ^? :o tea* ?+s t !y ought n1 = fil?y lucre's sake4--,id4 ,s z to hold su* b\nd 9 heav5 z !y b9d on e>?1 & su* loos$ 9 heav5 z !y loose on e>?4--,id4 ,n[1 if x be an evil1 to d any ?+ out ( /rife2 !n su* ?+s z are se5 s to be done1 are !y n to be avoid$ & =sak58--,id4 ,all su* z d n satisfy !mselves ) ! sup]fices ( religion4--,id4 ,& he is ! same 9 sub/ance1 t he 0 ^u e>?1--! same 9 _s1 s\l1 & body4--,id4 ,& ^? t d n ?us1 are su*1 z ! ,*ur* ( ,rome c h no *>ity =4 ,or3 ,& ^? t d n ?us1 are p]sons t[>d :om ! ,*ur* ( ,rome c h no *>ity4--,id4 ,be=e 8 book1 he places a great li/ ( :at he acc\nts ! blasphem\s ass]tions ( ! ,quak]s4--,id4 ,& ?is is :at he %\ld h prov$4--,id4 ,?ree ( :om 7 at t "t actual /ud5ts ( philosophy 9 ! univ]sity4--,id4 ,!re=e x is n lawful = any :omsoev] 99 99 99 to =ce ! consci5ces ( o!rs4--,id4 ,:y 7 ! =m] days bett] ?an ^!8--,bible cor4 ,9 ! same mann] 9 :i*--or1 bett]1 ,j z--! t]m my dep5ds on ! "n books4--,peirce cor4 ,j z ! t]m ,,h\se dep5ds on ! preposition to1 und]/ood aft] ! adjective ,,ne>4--,id4 ,james di$ on ! day on :i* ,h5ry return$4--,id4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,decl5sions4 ,,o!r makes ! plural ,,o!rs1 :5 x is f\nd )\t its sub/antive4--,prie/ley cor4 ,b 81 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 & !irs1 h evid5tly ! =m ( ! possessive case4--,l[? cor4 ,to ! ,saxon possessive cases1 hire1 ure1 e[]1 hira1 7t is1 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs17 we h add$ ! s1 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! possessive case ( n\ns4--,id4 ,^u ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 bo? !irs & ours4--,fri5ds cor4 ,9 ?is place1 ,8 is cle>ly pref]able ei!r to ,h] or to ,its4--,h>ris cor4 ,t rogui% le] ( y\rs makes a pretty woman's he>t a*e4--,addison cor4 ,le/ by any means ?is lib]ty ( y\rs become a /umbl+-block4--,bible cor4 ,fir/ p]son3 ,s+4 ,i1 my or m9e1 me2 ,plur4 we1 our or ours1 u4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on cor4 ,second p]son3 ,s+1 ?\1 ?y or ?9e1 !e2 ,plur4 ye or y1 y\r or y\rs1 y4--,iid4 ,?ird p]son3 ,s+1 %e1 h] or h]s1 h]2 ,plur4 !y1 _! or !irs1 !m4--,iid4 ,s %all ye s]ve /rang]s 9 a l& t is n y\rs4--,,alg]1 ,,bruce1 ,,et ,,al42 ,j]41 v1 #ai4 ,second p]son1 ,s+ul>3 ,nom4 ?\1 ,poss4 ?y or ?9e1 ,obj4 !e4--,fro/ cor4 ,second p]son1 ,dual2 ,nom4 ,gyt1 ye two2 ,g54 ,inc]1 ( y two2 ,dat4 ,inc1 incrum1 to y two2 ,acc4 ,inc1 y two2 ,voc4 ,eala inc1 ,o ye two2 ,abl4 ,inc1 incrum1 f y two4--,gwilt cor4 ,second p]son1 ,plural3 ,nom4 ,ge1 ye2 ,g54 ,e[]1 ( y2 ,dat4 ,e[1 to y2 ,acc4 ,e[1 y2 ,voc ,eala ge1 ,o ye2 ,abl4 ,e[1 f y4--,id4 ,^! words are1 m9e1 ?9e1 81 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 & ^:4--,c>dell cor4 ,?is h\se is ours1 & t is y\rs4 ,!irs is v commodi\s4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,& !y %all eat up ?y h>ve/1 & ?y bread2 !y %all eat up ?y flocks & ?y h]ds4--,bible cor4 ,:oev] & ,:i*ev] are ?us decl9$3 ,s+4 ,nom4 :oev]1 ,poss4 :osev]1 ,obj4 :omev]2 ,plur4 ,nom4 :oev]1 ,poss4 :osev]1 ,obj4 :omev]4 ,s+4 ,nom4 :i*ev]1 ,poss4 7want+17 ,obj4 :i*ev]2 ,plur4 ,nom4 :i*ev]1 ,poss4 7want+17 ,obj4 :i*ev]4--,coop] cor4 ,! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns are ?us decl9$3 ,s+4 ,nom4 myself1 ,poss4 7want+17 ,obj4 myself2 ,plur4 ,nom4 ourselves1 ,poss4 7want+17 ,obj4 ourselves4 ,s+4 ,nom4 ?yself or y\rself1 ,poss4 7want+17 ,obj4 ?yself1 c4--,p]ley cor4 ,e "o ( u1 ea* = himself1 lab\r$ to recov] him4--,sidney cor4 ,unless :5 ideas ( _! opposites manife/ly sugge/ !mselves4--,wright cor4 ,x n only exi/s 9 "t1 b is itself "t4 ,a position :i* ! action itself w palpably confute4--,id4 ,a difficulty sometimes pres5ts itself4--,id4 ,!y are sometimes explanations 9 !mselves4--,id4 ,ours1 ,y\rs1 ,!irs1 ,h]s1 ,its4--,b>rett cor4 ,!irs1 ! wild *ase ( false felicities2 ,81 ! compos$ possession ( ! true4 --,"y1 ,n4 ,?41 ,n4 viii1 l4 #aajj4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,x is ! boa/ ( ,am]icans1 )\t di/9ction ( p>ties1 t _! gov]nm5t is ! mo/ free & p]fect t exi/s on ! e>?4--,dr4 ,all5 cor4 ,*ildr5 t are dutiful to _! p>5ts1 enjoy great prosp]ity4--,sanborn cor4 ,! s*ol> t improves 8 "t1 sets an example wor?y ( imitation4--,id4 ,n\ns & pron\ns t signify ! same p]son1 place1 or ?+1 agree 9 case4--,coop] cor4 ,an int]rogative s5t5ce is "o t asks a "q4--,id4 ,9 ! use ( words & phrases t 9 po9t ( "t relate to ea* o!r1 ! ord] ( "t %\ld be duly reg>d$4--,id4 ,! same obs]vations t %[ ! effect ( ! article ^u ! p>ticiple1 appe> to be applicable also to ! pron\n & p>ticiple4--,murray cor4 ,! reason :y !y h n ! same use ( !m 9 read+1 may be trac$ to ! v defective & errone\s me?od 9 :i* ! art ( read+ is taught4--,id4 ,ev] s9ce reason began to ex]t h] p[]s1 ?\ght1 dur+ our wak+ h\rs1 has be5 active 9 e brea/1 )\t a mom5t's susp5sion or pause4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,9 speak+ ( su* z greatly delight 9 ! same4--,pope cor4 ,except him to :om ! k+ %all hold out ! gold5 sceptre1 t he may live4--,bible cor4 ,b ! same day on :i* ,lot w5t out ( ,sodom1 x ra9$ fire & brim/one f heav51 & de/roy$ !m all4--,bible cor4 ,9 ! next place1 ,i w expla9 sev]al con/ructions ( n\ns & pron\ns1 t h n yet come "u our notice4--,kirkham cor4 ,?ree natural di/9ctions ( "t are all t c exi/4--,hall cor4 ,we h exhibit$ su* only z are obvi\sly di/9ct2 & ^! seem to be suffici5t1 & n m ?an suffici5t4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,! p>5!sis encloses a phrase or clause t may be omitt$ )\t mat]ially injur+ ! connexion ( ! o!r memb]s4--,hall cor4 ,consonants are lett]s t _c be s\nd$ )\t ! aid ( a v[el4--,bucke cor4 ,words are n m]e s\nds1 b s\nds t convey a mean+ to ! m9d4--,id4 ,nature's po/ures are always easy2 &1 :at is m1 no?+ b y\r own w c put y out ( !m4--,colli] cor4 ,!re=e ought we to exam9e our own selves1 & prove our own selves4--,b>clay cor4 ,c]ta9ly1 x _h be5 mu* m natural1 to h divid$ ,active v]bs into ,imman5t1 or ^? ^: action is t]m9at$ )9 itself1 & ,transi5t1 or ^? ^: action is t]m9at$ 9 some?+ )\t itself4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,?is is su* an advantage z no o!r lexicon w af=d4--,dr4 ,taylor cor4 ,= ^! reasons1 su* lib]ties are tak5 9 ! ,hebrew tongue1 ) ^? words :i* are ( ! mo/ g5]al & frequ5t use4--,pike cor4 ,:ile we object to ! laws :i* ! antiqu>ian 9 language w\ld impose on u1 we mu/ also ent] our prote/ aga9/ ^? au?ors :o are too fond ( innovations4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,v]bs4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,=ms ,,( ,,v]bs4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,pret]its4 ,9 speak+ on a matt] :i* t\*$ _! he>ts4--,phil4 ,museum cor4 ,?\gh ,horace publi%$ x "s "t aft]4--,id4 ,! be/ subjects ) :i* ! ,greek models furni%$ him4--,id4 ,s9ce he atta*$ no ?\ght to x4--,id4 ,by :at sl[ /eps ! ,greek alphabet rea*$ its p]fection4--,id4 ,because ,goe! wi%$ to erect an affectionate memorial4--,id4 ,b ! ,saxon =ms soon dropp$ away4--,id4 ,x speaks ( all ! t[ns t p]i%$ 9 ! age ( ,philip4--,id4 ,?is enri*$ ! writt5 language ) new words4--,id4 ,he m]ely furni%$ 8 fri5d ) matt] = laught]4--,id4 ,a cl\d arose1 & /opp$ ! light4--,swift cor4 ,%e slipp$ spadillo 9 h] brea/4--,id4 ,i guess$ ! h&4--,id4 ,! tyrant /ripp$ me to ! sk92 ,my sk9 he flay$1 my hair he cropp$2 ,at head & foot my body lopp$4--,id4 ,i see ! greate/ owls 9 y1 ,t ev] scree*$ or ev] flew4--,id4 ,i sat ) delight1 ,f morn+ till night4--,id4 ,dick nimbly skipp$ ! gutt]4--,id4 ,9 at ! pantry door ?is morn ,i slipp$4--,id4 ,nobody liv+ ev] t\*$ me1 b y4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,pres5t1 ,i %ip2 ,pret]it1 ,i %ipp$2 ,p]f4 ,p>ticiple1 %ipp$4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,!n ! k+ arose1 & tore 8 g>m5ts4--,bible cor4 ,:5 he lift$ up 8 foot1 he knew n :]e he %\ld set x next4--,bunyan cor4 ,he lift$ up 8 spe> aga9/ eight hundr$1 :om he slew at "o "t4--,bible cor4 ,^u ?is *aos rode ! di/ress$ ark4--,burnet cor4 ,on ^: fooli% hone/y1 my practices rode easy4--,%akspe>e cor4 ,t =m ( ! fir/ or primog5ial ,e>?1 :i* rose imm$iately out ( *aos4--,burnet cor4 ,sir1 h[ came x1 y h help$ to make ?is rescue8--,%ak4 cor4 ,he swore he w\ld r lose all 8 fa!r's images1 ?an t table4--,pea*am cor4 ,:5 our language dropp$ its anci5t t]m9ations4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,:5 !mselves !y vilifi$4--,milton cor4 ,b ,i *ose r to d ?us4--,b>clay cor4 ,:5 he plead$ 7or pl$7 aga9/ ! p>sons4--,hi/4 cor4 ,& he t saw x1 bore record4 ,or3 ,& he t saw x1 b>e record4--,john1 xix1 #ce4 ,an irregul> v]b has "o m v>iation2 z1 drive1 drive/1 drive?1 drives1 drove1 drove/1 driv+1 driv54--,matt4 ,h>rison cor4 ,beside t village1 ,hannibal pit*$ 8 camp4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,he fet*$ x f ,tmolus4--,id4 ,he supp$ ) 8 morn+-g[n on4--,id4 ,!re /amp$ h] sacr$ "n4--,b>l[ cor4 ,fix'd#ecj on ! view ! great discov]] /ood2 ,& ?us address'd ! mess5g] ( good4--,b>l[ cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,?ree freem5 7 on trial--or1 7 receiv+ _! trial--at ! date ( our la/ in=mation4--,editor cor4 ,:ile ! h\se 0 build+1 _m ( ! tribe arriv$4--,cox cor4 ,b a f\ndation has be5 laid 9 ,zion1 & ! *ur* is built--7or1 cont9ues to be built--7 ^u x4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,& "o f\r? ( ! p are receiv+ education4--,e4 ,i4 ,mag4 cor4 ,! pres5t t5se1 or t =m ( ! v]b :i* expresses :at is n[ do+4--,beck cor4 ,a new *ur*1 call$ ! ,pan!on1 is ab\t be+ complet$1 9 an exp5sive /yle4--,?ompson cor4 ,:5 ,i la/ saw him1 he _h gr[n consid]ably4--,murray cor4 ,i "k :at a rugg$ & dang]\s pa? ,i h got into4--,duncan cor4 ,y might z well prea* ease to "o on ! rack4--,locke cor4 ,?\ ha/ he>d me1 & ha/ become my salvation4--,bible cor4 ,:ile ! ,elem5t>y ,spell+-,book 0 prep>+ 7or1 0 9 progress ( prep>ation7 = ! press4--,cobb cor4 ,language has become1 9 mod]n times1 m correct4--,jamieson cor4 ,if ! plan has be5 execut$ 9 any measure answ]able to ! au?or's wi%es4--,robb9s cor4 ,! vial ( wra? is /ill p\r+ out on ! seat ( ! bea/4--,*ri/ian ,ex4 cor4 ,*ri/ianity _h become ! g5]ally-adopt$ & e/abli%$ religion ( ! :ole ,roman ,empire4--,gurney cor4 ,:o wrote be=e ! fir/ c5tury _h elaps$4--,id4 ,! orig9al & analogical =m has gr[n q obsolete4--,l[? cor4 ,_! love1 & _! hatr$1 & _! envy1 h p]i%$4--,murray cor4 ,! poems _h got abroad1 & 7 9 a great _m h&s4--,wall] cor4 ,x is m h>moni\s1 z well z m correct1 to say1 ',! bubble is ready to bur/4'--,cobbett cor4 ,i drove my suitor f 8 mad hum\r ( love4--,%ak4 cor4 ,se virilit] exp$ivit4--,cic4 ,he has play$ ! man4--,walk] cor4 ,wilt ?\ kill me1 z ?\ did/ ! ,egyptian ye/]day8--,bible cor4 ,& we1 me?\ght1 or ?\ght ,i look$ up to him f our hill--,c[ley cor4 ,i fe> ?\ do/ n ?9k s mu* ( ! be/ ?+s z ?\ ought4--,memoir cor4 ,:5 ?is "w 0 comm5c$4--,wright cor4 ,ex]cises & a ,key to ?is "w are ab\t be+ prep>$4--,id4 ,james is lov$ by ,john4--,id4 ,or t :i* is exhibit$4--,id4 ,he 0 smitt54--,id4 ,9 ! passive voice we say1 ',i am lov$4'--,id4 ,subjunctive ,mood3 ,if ,i be smitt51 ,if ?\ be smitt51 ,if he be smitt54--,id4 ,i %all n be able to conv9ce y h[ sup]ficial ! re=mation is4--,*alm]s cor4 ,i said to myself1 ,i %all be oblig$ to expose ! folly4--,*azotte cor4 ,:5 ,clodius1 _h he meant to return t day to ,rome1 mu/ h arriv$4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,t ! fact has be5 done1 is do+1 or w be done4--,peirce cor4 ,am ,i to be in/ruct$8--,wright cor4 ,i *oose him4--,id4 ,john1 :o respect$ 8 fa!r1 0 ob$i5t to 8 comm&s4--,b>rett cor4 ,! region e*oes to ! cla% ( arms4--,beattie cor4 ,& sit/ on high1 & mak'/ creation's top ,?y foot/ool2 & behold/ bel[ !e--all4--,pollok cor4 ,& see if ?\ can/ puni% s9 & let ,mank9d g free4 ,?\ fail/--be n surpris$4--,idem4 ,,lesson ,,iii--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,:at foll[s1 might bett] h be5 want+ altoge!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,?is memb] ( ! s5t5ce might mu* bett] h be5 omitt$ altoge!r4--,id4 ,"o or ! o!r ( !m1 !re=e1 might bett] h be5 omitt$4--,id4 ,! :ole ( ?is la/ memb] ( ! s5t5ce might bett] h be5 dropp$4--,id4 ,9 ?is case1 !y might mu* bett] be omitt$4--,id4 ,he might bett] h said '! productions4'--,id4 ,! ,greeks ascrib$ ! orig9 ( poetry to ,orpheus1 ,l9us1 & ,musu4--,id4 ,x 0 notic$ long ago1 t all ^! fictiti\s names h ! same numb] ( syllables4--,phil4 ,museum cor4 ,:5 ,i f\nd t he _h committ$ no?+ wor?y ( dea?1 ,i det]m9$ to s5d him4--,bible cor4 ,i w\ld r be a doorkeep] 9 ! h\se ( my ,god4--,id4 ,z = su*1 ,i wi% ! ,"l w\ld op5 _! eyes4 ,or1 bett]3 ,may ! ,"l op5 7or1 ,i pray ! ,"l to op57 _! eyes4--,b>clay cor4 ,x w\ld h made our passage ov] ! riv] v difficult4--,walley cor4 ,we %\ld n h be5 able to c>ry our great guns4--,id4 ,o!rs w\ld h que/ion$ our prud5ce1 if we _h4--,id4 ,bew>e ?\ be n ,,bec,,s>$2 i4e41 ,bew>e t ?\ d n dw9dle--or1 le/ ?\ dw9dle--into a m]e ,cs>4--,h>ris cor4 ,?\ rais$/ 7or1 famili>ly1 ?\ rais$7 ?y voice to record ! /ratagems ( ne$y h]oes4--,arbu?not cor4 ,life hurries (f apace2 ?9e is almo/ gone already4--,colli] cor4 ',h[ un=tunate has ?is accid5t made me6' cries su* a "o4--,id4 ,! muse t s(t & sickly woos ! e>4--,pollok cor4 ,a man might bett] relate himself to a /atue4--,bacon cor4 ,i he>d !e say b n[1 ?\ lik$ n t4--,%ak4 cor4 ,9 my :ole c\rse ( woo+1 ?\ cri$/1 7or1 famili>ly1 ?\ cri$17 ,inde$6--,id4 ,b our e>s h gr[n famili> ) ',i h wrote1 ',i h drank1' c41 :i* are altoge!r z ungrammatical4--,l[? et al4 cor4 ,! c\rt 0 9 session be=e ,sir ,rog] came--,addison cor4 ,%e ne$s--7or1 if y please1 ne$1--7 be no m ) ! jaundice possess$--,swift cor4 ,besides1 y f\nd fault ) our victuals "o day :5 y 7 "h4--,id4 ,if _s ( o!r sort1 ,s m9d$1 ha? 7or has7 o'erleap$ ^! e>?y b\nds4--,milton cor4 ,x w\ld h be5 m rational to h =borne ?is4--,b>clay cor4 ,a /ud5t is n ma/] ( x till he has se5 all ^!4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,! said ju/ice %all summon ! p>ty4--,brev>d cor4 ,n[ :at has become ( ?y =m] wit & hum\r8--,spect4 cor4 ,"y /rang]1 :i!r w&]/ ?\8--,burns cor4 ,,subj4 ,pres4 ,if ,i love1 ,if ?\ love1 ,if he love4 ,imp4 ,if ,i lov$1 ,if ?\ lov$1 ,if he lov$4--,m]*ant cor4 ,,subj4 ,if ,i d n love1 ,if ?\ d n love1 ,if he d n love4--,id4 ,if he has committ$ s9s1 !y %all be =giv5 him4--,bible cor4 ,subjunctive ,mood ( ! v]b to call1 second p]son s+ul>3 ,if ?\ call1 7r>ely1 ,if ?\ d call17 ,if ?\ call$4--,hiley cor4 ,subjunctive ,mood ( ! v]b to love1 second p]son s+ul>3 ,if ?\ love1 7r>ely1 ,if ?\ d love17 ,if ?\ lov$4--,bullions cor4 ,i 02 ?\ wa/2 he1 %e1 or x1 03 ,we1 y or ye1 !y1 74--,:ite cor4 ,i taught1 ?\ taughte/1 7famili>ly1 ?\ taught17 he taught4-- ,co> cor4 ,we say1 ',if x ra91' ',suppose x ra98' ',le/ x ra91' ',unless x ra94' ,?is mann] ( speak+ is call$ ! ,,subjunctive ,,mood4--,weld cor4 ,he has arriv$ at :at is deem$ ! age ( manhood4--,prie/ley cor4 ,he might mu* bett] h let x alone4--,tooke cor4 ,he 7 bett] )\t x4 ,or3 ,he w\ld be bett] )\t x4--,locke cor4 ,had/ ?\ n be5 by4 ,or3 ,if ?\ had/ n be5 by4 ,or1 9 ! famili> /yle3 ,_h n ?\ be5 by1--,%ak4 cor4 ,i le>n$ geography4 ,?\ le>n$ ari?metic4 ,he le>n$ gramm>4--,full] cor4 ,till ! s\nd has ceas$4--,%]idan cor4 ,pres5t1 die2 ,pret]it1 di$2 ,p]f4 ,p>ticiple1 di$4--,six ,engli% ,gramm>s correct$4 ,?\ b['d/ ?y glori\s head to none1 fe>'d/ none4 ,or3-- ,?\ b[$ ?y glori\s head to none1 fe>$ none4 --,pollok cor4 ,?\ look/ ^u ?y boy z ?\gh ?\ guess'd x4 --,kn[les cor4 ,z once ?\ slept1 :ile %e to life 0 =m$4 --,milton cor4 ,:o f9ds ! p>tridge 9 ! puttock's ne/1 ,b may imag9e h[ ! bird 0 kill$8 --,%ak4 cor4 ,:i* might h well become ! be/ ( m54 --,idem cor4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,=ms ,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,irregul>s4 ,_m ( y\r read]s h mi/ak5 t passage4--,/eele cor4 ,_h n my dog ( a /ew>d run away4--,addison cor4 ,none %\ld be admitt$1 except he _h brok5 8 coll>bone ?rice4--,id4 ,we c\ld n "k :at 0 writt5 at tw5ty4--,wall] cor4 ,i h writt51 ?\ ha/ writt51 he has writt52 we h writt51 y h writt51 !y h writt54--,a% cor4 ,z if ,god _h spok5 8 la/ words !re to 8 p4--,b>clay cor4 ,i _h l to h come 9 t %ip myself4--,obs]v] cor4 ,our %ips & vessels be+ driv5 out ( ! h>b\r by a /orm4--,hut*9son cor4 ,he w endeav\r to write z ! anci5t au?or w\ld h writt51 _h he writt5 9 ! same language4--,bol+broke cor4 ,:5 8 doctr9es grew too /rong to be %ak5 by 8 enemies4--,att]bury cor4 ,! immortal m9d t ha? =sak5 h] mansion4--,milton cor4 ,grease t's sweat$ 7or sweat7 f ! murd]]'s gibbet1 ?r[ into ! flame4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! c\rt also 0 *idd5 7or *id7 = all[+ su* que/ions to be put4--,/one cor4 ,he w\ld h spok54--,milton cor4 ,words int]wov5 7or int]weav$7 ) sighs f\nd out _! way4--,id4 ,^? k+s & pot5tates :o h /riv$ 7or /riv547--,id4 ,t ev5 ,sil5ce 0 tak54--,id4 ,& envi\s ,d>kness1 ere !y c\ld return1 _h /ol5 !m f me4--,id4 ,i h *os5 ?is p]fect man4--,id4 ,i %all sc>cely ?9k y h swum 9 a gondola4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! fragrant bri] 0 wov5 7or weav$7 betwe54--,dryd5 cor4 ,!n f9i% :at y h begun4--,id4 ,b n[ ! ye>s a num]\s tra9 h run4--,pope cor4 ,repeats y\r v]ses writt5 7or writ7 on glasses4--,prior cor4 ,:o by turns h ris54--,id4 ,:i* f great au?ors ,i h tak54--,id4 ,ev5 !re he %\ld h fall54--,id4 ,! sun has ris'n1 & gone to b$4 ,j z if ,p>tridge 7 n dead4--,swift cor4 ,&1 ?\gh no m>riage words are spok51 ,!y "p n till ! r+ is brok54--,swift cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,regul>s4 ,:5 ! ^w is /ripp$ ( all ! t]m9ations4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,=give him1 ,tom2 8 head is crack$4--,swift cor4 ,= 'tis ! sport1 to h ! eng9e] hois$ 7or hoi/$7 ) 8 own pet>4--,%ak4 cor4 ,z great z !y are1 ,i 0 nurs$ by _! "m4--,swift cor4 ,if he %\ld n[ be cri$ d[n s9ce 8 *ange4--,id4 ,dipp$ ov] head & e>s--9 debt4--,id4 ,we see ! nation's cr$it crack$4--,id4 ,because !y f9d _! pockets pick$4--,id4 ,o :at a pleasure mix$ ) pa96--,id4 ,& only ) h] bro!r l9k$4--,id4 ,because he ne'er a ?\ght all[$1 ,t might n be confess$4--,id4 ,my love to ,%eelah is m firmly fix$4--,id4 ,! obs]vations annex$ to !m w be intelligible4--,phil4 ,mus4 cor4 ,^? eyes are always fix$ on ! g5]al pr9ciples4--,id4 ,labori\s conjectures w be bani%$ f our comm5t>ies4--,id4 ,tiridates 0 de?ron$1 & ,phraates 0 ree/abli%$1 9 8 /ead4--,id4 ,a ,roman :o 0 atta*$ to ,augu/us4--,id4 ,nor %\ld ,i h spok5 ( x1 unless ,baxt] _h talk$ ab\t two su*4--,id4 ,& ! re=m]s ( language h g5]ally ru%$ on4--,id4 ,?ree c5turies & a half _h !n elaps$ s9ce ! date1--,ib4 ,( su* crit]ia1 z has be5 rem>k$ already1 !re is an abundance4--,id4 ,! ,engli% h surpass$ e o!r nation 9 _! s]vices4--,id4 ,! p>ty address$ is next 9 dignity to ! speak]4--,h>ris cor4 ,to :i* we are _m times help$4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,b = him1 ,i %\ld h look$ well en\gh to myself4--,id4 ,:y are y vex$1 ,lady8 :y d fr[n8--,milton cor4 ,obtrud+ false rules prank$ 9 reason's g>b4--,id4 ,b1 l ,david equipp$ 9 ,saul's arm\r1 x is encumb]$ & oppress$4--,campbell cor4 ,& :5 _! m]*ants are bl[n up1 & crack$1 ,:ole t[ns are ca/ away 9 /orms1 & wreck$4--,butl] cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,! l&s are held 9 free & common soccage4--,trumbull cor4 ,a /roke is drawn "u su* words4--,cobbett's ,gr41 #a/ ,ed4 ,x is /ruck ev51 ) a /rickle4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,:il/ ,i 0 w&]+1 )\t any c>e1 beyond my b\nds4--,id4 ,:5 "o w\ld d some?+1 unless h9d]$ by some?+ pres5t4--,b4 ,johnson cor4 ,x is us$ pot5tially1 b n s z to be r5d]$ by ^! signs4--,id4 ,n[ :o w\ld dote ^u ?+s hurri$ d[n ! /ream ?us fa/8--,colli] cor4 ,heav5 ha? timely tri$ _! gr[?4--,milton cor4 ,o6 ye mi/ook1 ye %\ld h snat*$ 8 w&4--,id4 ,( true virg9 "h di/ress$4--,id4 ,s t !y h at la/ come to be sub/itut$ 9 ! /ead ( x4--,b>clay cor4 ,?\gh ye h la9 among ! pots4--,bible cor4 ,&1 lo6 9 h] m\? 0 an olive leaf pluck$ (f4--,scott's ,bible1 & ,alg]'s4 ,brutus & ,cassius ,h ridd51 7or rode17 l madm51 ?r\gh ! gates ( ,rome4--,%ak4 cor4 ,he %all be spit ^u4--,bible cor4 ,& are n ! c\ntries s ov]fl[$ /ill situat$ betwe5 ! tropics8--,b5tley4 ,n trick$ & fr\nc$ z %e 0 wont1 ,b k]*ief$ 9 a comely cl\d4--,milton cor4 ,to satisfy 8 rig\r1 ,satisfi$ nev]4--,id4 ,) him !re crucifi$4--,id4 ,?' e>? cumb]$1 & ! w+'d air d>k$ ) plumes4--,id4 ,& n[ _! way to ,e>? !y _h descri$4--,id4 ,n s ?ick sw>m$ once ! soil ,b$ropp$ ) blood ( ,gorgon4--,id4 ,& 9 a tr\bl$ sea ( passion toss$4--,id4 ,! cause1 alas6 is quickly guess$4--,swift cor4 ,! kettle to ! top 0 hois$1 or hoi/$4--,id4 ,9 *a9s ?y syllables are l9k$4--,id4 ,r ?an ?us be ov]topp$1 ,w\ld y n wi% _! laurels cropp$4--,id4 ,! ,,hyph51 or ,,conjo9]1 is a little l9e drawn to connect words1 or p>ts ( words4--,cobbett cor4 ,9 ! o!r mann]s ( dep5d5ce1 ?is g5]al rule is sometimes brok54--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,"s intransitive v]bs may be r5d]$ transitive by means ( a preposition prefix$ to !m4--,grant cor4 ,:oev] n[ %\ld place ! acc5t on ! fir/ syllable ( ,val]ius1 w\ld set e body a laugh+4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,be+ mock$1 sc\rg$1 spit ^u1 & crucifi$4--,gurney cor4 ,= rhyme 9 ,greece or ,rome 0 nev] kn[n1 ,till b>b'r\s hordes ^? /ates _h ov]?r[n4--,roscommon cor4 ,9 my own ,?ames may ,i be dr[n$1 ,if e'er ,i /oop b5ea? ! cr[n$4 ,or ?us3-- ,9 my own ,?ames may ,i be dr[n'd dead1 ,if e'er ,i /oop b5ea? a cr[n'd head4--,swift cor4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,adv]bs4 ,,corrections ,,respect+ ,,! ,,=ms ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,we c mu* m easily =m ! conception ( a fi]ce combat4--,blair correct$4 ,:5 he 0 re/or$ agreeably to ! treaty1 he 0 a p]fect savage4--,web/] cor4 ,h[ ,i %all acquit myself suitably to ! importance ( ! trial4--,duncan cor4 ,c any ?+ %[ y\r ,hol9ess h[ unwor?ily y treat mank9d8--,spect4 cor4 ,9 :at o!r1 consi/5tly ) reason & common s5se1 c y g ab\t to expla9 x to him8--,l[? cor4 ,agreeably to ?is rule1 ! %ort v[el ,%eva has two *>act]s4--,wilson cor4 ,we %all give a rem>kably f9e example ( ?is figure4--,see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aef4 ,all ( :i* is mo/ abom9ably false4--,b>clay cor4 ,he heap$ up great ri*es1 b pass$ 8 "t mis]ably4--,murray cor4 ,he is nev] satisfi$ ) express+ any ?+ cle>ly & simply4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,att5tive only to exhibit 8 ideas cle>ly & exactly1 he appe>s dry4--,id4 ,su* words z h ! mo/ liquids & v[els1 glide ! mo/ s(tly4 ,or3 ,:]e liquids & v[els mo/ ab\nd1 ! utt]ance is s(te/4--,id4 ,! simple/ po9ts1 su* z are mo/ easily appreh5d$4--,id4 ,too hi/orical to be acc\nt$ a p]fectly regul> epic poem4--,id4 ,putt+ aft] !m ! oblique case1 agreeably to ! ,fr5* con/ruction4--,prie/ley cor4 ,:]e ! tra9 proce$s ) an extremely sl[ pace4--,kames cor4 ,s z sc>cely to give an appe>ance ( succession4--,id4 ,t concord betwe5 s\nd & s5se1 :i* is p]ceiv$ 9 "s expressions1 indep5d5tly ( artful pronunciation4--,id4 ,corn>o _h become v corpul5t1 previ\sly to ! adoption ( 8 temp]ate habits4--,hit*cock cor4 ,bread1 :i* is a solid1 & tol]ably h>d1 sub/ance4--,day cor4 ,to comm& e body t 0 n dress$ z f9ely z himself4--,id4 ,_m ( !m h sc>cely outliv$ _! au?ors4--,j4 ,w>d cor4 ,_! lab\r1 inde$1 did n p5etrate v deeply4--,wilson cor4 ,! p are mis]ably poor1 & subsi/ on fi%4--,hume cor4 ,a scale1 :i* ,i took great pa9s1 "s ye>s ago1 to make4--,bucke cor4 ,!re is no tru? on e>? bett] e/abli%$ ?an ! tru? ( ! ,bible4--,taylor cor4 ,i "k ( no "w m want$ ?an ! "o :i* ,mr4 ,taylor has n[ furni%$4--,dr4 ,nott cor4 ,& !re=e _! reque/s are unfrequ5t & reasonable4--,taylor cor4 ,que/ions are m easily propos$1 ?an answ]$ rightly4--,dillwyn cor4 ,(t5 reflect on ! advantages y possess1 & on ! s\rce f :i* !y are all d]iv$4--,murray cor4 ,if !re be no special rule :i* requires x to be put fur!r =w>d4--,milnes cor4 ,! mascul9e & ! neut] h ! same dialect 9 all ! numb]s1 especially :5 !y end alike4--,id4 ,& *ildr5 are m busy 9 _! play ,?an ^? t wiselie/ pass _! "t away4--,butl] cor4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,conjunctions4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,conjunctions4 ,a ,v]b is s call$ f ! ,lat9 v]bum1 a ^w4--,bucke cor4 ,ref]5ces are (t5 m>k$ by lett]s or figures4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 7#a47 ,a ,conjunction is a ^w :i* jo9s words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,l5nie1 ,bullions & ,brace1 cor4 7#b47 ,a ,conjunction is us$ to connect words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 7#c47 ,a ,conjunction is us$ to connect words or s5t5ces4--,maund] cor4 7#d47 ,conjunctions are words us$ to jo9 words or s5t5ces4--,wilcox cor4 7#e47 ,a ,conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces4--,m',cullo*1 ,h>t1 & ,day1 cor4 7#f47 ,a ,conjunction jo9s words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,mac9to% & ,hiley cor4 7#g47 ,! ,conjunction jo9s words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,l4 ,murray cor4 7#h47 ,conjunctions connect words or s5t5ces to ea* o!r4--,wright cor4 7#i47 ,conjunctions connect words or s5t5ces4--,wells & ,wilcox cor4 7#aj47 ,! conjunction is a "p ( spee*1 us$ to connect words or s5t5ces4--,weld cor4 7#aa47 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,f[l] cor4 7#ab47 ,connectives are p>ticles t unite words or s5t5ces 9 con/ruction4--,web/] cor4 ,engli% ,gramm> is mis]ably taught 9 our di/rict s*ools2 ! tea*]s "k little or no?+ ab\t x4--,j4 ,o4 ,taylor cor4 ,le/1 in/ead ( prev5t+ diseases1 y draw !m on4--,locke cor4 ,! def9ite article ! is frequ5tly appli$ to adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative degree4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,:5 n\ns naturally neut] are assum$ to be mascul9e or fem99e4--,murray cor4 ,?is =m ( ! p]fect t5se repres5ts an action z completely pa/1 ?\gh (t5 z done at no great di/ance ( "t1 or at a "t n specifi$4--,id4 ,! ,copulative ,conjunction s]ves to connect words or clauses1 s z to cont9ue a s5t5ce1 by express+ an addition1 a supposition1 a cause1 or a consequ5ce4--,id4 ,! ,disjunctive ,conjunction s]ves1 n only to cont9ue a s5t5ce by connect+ its p>ts1 b also to express opposition ( mean+1 ei!r real or nom9al4--,id4 ,if we op5 ! volumes ( our div9es1 philosoph]s1 hi/orians1 or arti/s1 we %all f9d t !y ab\nd ) all ! t]ms necess>y to communicate ! obs]vations & discov]ies ( _! au?ors4--,id4 ,:5 a disjunctive conjunction occurs betwe5 a s+ul> n\n or pron\n & a plural "o1 ! v]b is made to agree ) ! plural n\n or pron\n4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,pron\ns mu/ always agree ) _! antec$5ts1 or ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d] & numb]4--,murray cor4 ,neut] v]bs d n express action1 & consequ5tly d n gov]n n\ns or pron\ns4--,id4 ,& ! auxili>y ( ! pa/ imp]fect z well z ( ! pres5t t5se4--,id4 ,if ?is rule %\ld n appe> to apply to e example t has be5 produc$1 or to o!rs :i* might be cit$4--,id4 ,an emphatical pause is made1 aft] some?+ ( peculi> mom5t has be5 said1 on :i* we desire to fix ! he>]'s att5tion4--,murray & ,h>t cor4 ,an imp]fect#eca phrase conta9s no ass]tion1 & does n am\nt to a proposition1 or s5t5ce4--,murray cor4 ,! ^w 0 9 ! m\? ( e "o1 yet its mean+ may /ill be a secret4--,id4 ,?is ^w 0 9 ! m\? ( e "o1 & yet1 z to its precise & def9ite idea1 ?is may /ill be a secret1--,h>ris cor4 ,x _c be o!rwise1 because ! ,fr5* prosody diff]s f t ( e o!r ,european language4--,smollet cor4 ,s gradually t x may be engraft$ on a subtonic4--,ru% cor4 ,:]e ! ,*elsea & ,mald5 bridges n[ are4 ,or bett]3 ,:]e ! ,*elsea or ! ,mald5 bridge n[ is4--,judge ,p>k] cor4 ,adv]bs are words add$ to v]bs1 to p>ticiples1 to adjectives1 or to o!r adv]bs4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,i c\ld n h told y :o ! h]mit 01 or on :at m\nta9 he liv$4--,bucke cor4 ,,am & ,,be 7= !y are ! same v]b7 naturally1 or 9 !mselves1 signify be+4--,brightl& cor4 ,words are signs1 ei!r oral or writt51 by :i* we express our ?\ghts1 or ideas4--,mrs4 ,be?une cor4 ,8 fe>s w detect him1 t he %all n escape4--,comly cor4 ,^: is equally applicable to p]sons & to ?+s--,web/] cor4 ,"o negative de/roys an o!r1 s t two are equival5t to an affirmative4--,bullions cor4 ,no soon] does he peep into ! _w1 ,?an he has done 8 d4--,hudibras cor4 ,,*apt] ,x4--,,prepositions4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,prepositions4 ,n\ns are (t5 =m$ f p>ticiples4--,l4 ,murray correct$4 ,:at t5ses are =m$ f ! p]fect p>ticiple8--,+]soll cor4 ,:i* t5se is =m$ f ! pres5t1 or root ( ! v]b8--,id4 ,:5 a n\n or a pron\n is plac$ be=e a p>ticiple1 indep5d5tly ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cdh4 ,if ! addition consi/s ( two or m words4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,! inf9itive mood is (t5 made absolute1 or us$ indep5d5tly ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,l[?'s ,gram41 #hj2 ,*ur*ill's1 #adc2 ,bucke's1 #if2 ,m]*ant's1 #ib4 ,= ! great satisfaction ( ! read]1 we %all pres5t a v>iety ( false con/ructions4--,murray cor4 ,= y\r satisfaction1 ,i %all pres5t y a v>iety ( false con/ructions4-- ,+]soll cor4 ,i %all "h pres5t to y a scale ( d]ivation4-- ,bucke cor4 ,^! two mann]s ( repres5tation 9 respect to numb]4--,l[? & ,*ur*ill cor4 ,!re are c]ta9 adjectives :i* seem to be d]iv$ f v]bs1 )\t any v>iation4--,l[? cor4 ,or disqualify u = receiv+ in/ruction or repro( f o!rs4--,murray cor4 ,= be+ m /udi\s ?an any o!r pupil 9 ! s*ool4-- ,id4 ,misund]/&+ ! directions1 we lo/ our way4--,id4 ,^! p r$uc$ ! great] "p ( ! isl& "u _! own p[]4-- ,id4 ,! pr9cipal acc5t di/+ui%es "o syllable ( a ^w f ! re/4--,id4 ,j numb]s are 9 unison ) ! human m9d4--,id4 ,we mu/ accept ( s\nd 9 /ead ( s5se4--,id4 ,also1 9 /ead ( consultation1 he uses consult4--,prie/ley cor4 ,?is ablative seems to be gov]n$ by a preposition und]/ood4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,le/ my fa!r he> ( x1 by "s means or o!r4--,id4 ,&1 besides1 my wife w\ld he> ( x by "s means4--,id4 ,= insi/+ on a requisition s odi\s to !m4--,rob]tson cor4 ,bas$ on ! great self-evid5t tru?s ( lib]ty & equality4--,manual cor4 ,v little k ( _! nature is acquir$ f ! spell+-book4--,murray cor4 ,!y d n cut x (f3 except f a few words2 z1 due1 duly1 c4--,id4 ,:e!r pass+ at su* "t1 or !n f9i%$4--,l[? cor4 ,x ha? disgu/$ hundr$s ) t confession4--,b>clay cor4 ,b !y h egregi\sly fall5 into t inconv5i5cy4--,id4 ,= is n ?is1 to set nature at "w8--,id4 ,&1 surely1 t :i* %\ld set all its spr+s at "w1 is ,god4--,att]bury cor4 ,he c\ld n end 8 treatise )\t a panegyrie on mod]n le>n+4--,temple cor4 ,^! are entirely indep5d5t ( ! modulation ( ! voice4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,x is de> at a p5ny4 ,x is *eap at tw5ty p\nds4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,x w be despat*$1 on mo/ occasions1 )\t re/+4--,locke cor4 ,oh ! pa91 ! bliss ( dy+6--,pope4 ,:5 ! objects or ! facts are pres5t$ to him4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,i w n[ pres5t y a synopsis4--,id4 ,! disjunctive conjunction connects words or s5t5ces1 & sugge/s an opposition ( mean+1 m or less direct4--,id4 ,i %all n[ pres5t to y a few l9es4--,bucke cor4 ,common names1 or sub/antives1 are ^? :i* /& = ?+s assort$4--,id4 ,adjectives1 9 ! ,engli% language1 are n v>i$ by g5d]s1 numb]s1 or cases2 _! only inflection is = ! degrees ( comp>ison4--,id4 ,p>ticiples are little m ?an adjectives =m$ f v]bs4--,id4 ,i d love to walk out on a f9e summ] ev5+4--,id4 ,ellipsis1 :5 appli$ to gramm>1 is ! elegant omission ( "o or m words ( a s5t5ce4--,m]*ant cor4 ,! preposition to is g5]ally requir$ be=e v]bs 9 ! inf9itive mood1 b aft] ! foll[+ v]bs x is prop]ly omitt$2 namely1 bid1 d>e1 feel1 ne$1 let1 make1 he>1 see3 z1 ',he bid me d x2' n1 ',he bid me to d x4'--,id4 ,! inf9itive sometimes foll[s ?an1 = ! latt] t]m ( a comp>ison2 z1 ',murray %\ld h kn[n bett] ?an to write1 & ,m]*ant1 bett] ?an to copy1 ! text "h correct$1 or ! ambigu\s example !y app5d$ to x4'--,id4 ,or1 by prefix+ ! adv]b m or less1 = ! comp>ative1 & mo/ or lea/1 = ! sup]lative4--,id4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4--,id4 ,f monosyllables1 ! comp>ative is regul>ly =m$ by add+ r or er4--,p]ley cor4 ,he has p>ticul>ly nam$ ^!1 9 di/9ction f o!rs4--,h>ris cor4 ,to revive ! decay+ ta/e = anci5t lit]ature4--,id4 ,he f\nd ! greate/ difficulty 9 writ+4--,hume cor4 ,& ! te>1 t is wip$ ) a little address1 ,may be foll[$ p]haps by a smile4--,c[p]1 i1 #baf4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,int]jections4 ,,corrections ,,9 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,int]jections4 ,( *ance or *ange1 ,o let n man compla94--,beattie's ,m9/rel1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #a4 ,o ?\ p]secutor6 ,o ye hypocrites6--,russell's ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,o ?\ my voice inspire1 ,:o t\*'d ,isaiah's hall['d lips ) fire6--,pope's ,messiah4 ,o happy we6 surr\nd$ by s _m bless+s6--,m]*ant cor4 ,o ?\ :o art s unm9dful ( ?y duty6--,id4 ,if ,i am wrong1 ,o tea* my he>t ,to f9d t bett] way4--,murray's ,read]1 p4 #bdh4 ,heus6 evocate huc ,davum4--,t]4 ,ho6 call ,davus out hi!r4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,x 0 repres5t$ by an analogy 7,o h[ inadequate67 :i* 0 borr[$ f ! c]emonies ( paganism4--,murray cor4 ,o t ,i%mael might live be=e !e6--,fri5ds' ,bible1 & ,scott's4 ,& he said unto him1 ,o let n ! ,"l be angry1 & ,i w speak4--,alg]'s ,bible1 & ,scott's4 ,& he said1 ,o let n ! ,"l be angry4--,alg]2 ,g541 xviii4 #cb4 ,o my ,"l1 let ?y s]vant1 ,i pray !e1 speak a ^w4--,scott's ,bible4 ,o ,virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art6--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,alas6 ,i fe> = life4--,see ,ib4 ,ah me6 !y little "k ,h[ de>ly ,i abide t boa/ s va96--,see ,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,o t ,i _h digg$ myself a cave6--,flet*] cor4 ,oh1 my good "l6 ?y com=t comes too late4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! vocative takes no article3 x is di/+ui%$ ?us3 ,o ,p$ro6 ,o ,pet]6 ,o ,dios6 ,o ,god6--,bucke cor4 ,oho6 ,b1 ! relative is always ! same4--,cobbett cor4 ,all-hail1 ye happy m56--,jaudon cor4 ,o t ,i _h w+s l a dove6'--,scott's ,bible4 ,o glori\s hope6 ,o bless'd abode6--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cjd4 ,welcome fri5ds6 h[ joy\s is y\r pres5ce6--,t4 ,smi? cor4 ,o blissful days6--b1 ah6 h[ soon ye pass6--,p>k] & ,fox cor4 ,o gold5 days6 ,o bright unvalu$ h\rs6-- ,:at bliss1 did ye b "k t bliss1 7 y\rs6--,b>bauld cor4 ,ah me6 :at p]ils d environ ,! man t m$dles ) cold iron6--,hudibras cor4 ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,,iii4--,,syntax4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,s5t5ces4 ,! fir/ *apt] ( ,syntax1 be+ appropriat$ to g5]al views ( ?is "p ( gramm>1 to an exhibition ( its lead+ doctr9es1 & to ! sev]al =ms ( s5t5tial analysis1 ) an application ( its pr9cipal rules 9 p>s+1 conta9s no false gramm> = correction2 & has1 ( c\rse1 no?+ to correspond to x1 9 ?is ,key1 except ! title1 :i* is "h ins]t$ = =m's sake4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,articles4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,i4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,an ,,or ,a4 ,i h se5 a horrible ?+ 9 ! h\se ( ,israel4--,bible cor4 ,!re is a h>%ness 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aeb4 ,inde$1 su* a "o is n to be look$ =4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,if ea* ( y w be dispos$ to approve himself a useful citiz54--,id4 ,l& ) !m _h acquir$ almo/ a ,european value4--,web/] cor4 ,he endeav\r$ to f9d out a :olesome rem$y4--,neef cor4 ,at no "t h we att5d$ a ye>ly meet+ m to our own satisfaction4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,addison 0 n a humori/ 9 "*4--,kames cor4 ,ah me6 :at a "o 0 he6--,lily cor4 ,he 0 su* a "o z ,i nev] saw be=e--,id4 ,no man c be a good prea*]1 :o is n a useful "o4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,a usage :i* is too frequ5t ) ,mr4 ,addison4--,id4 ,nobody jo9s ! voice ( a %eep ) ! %ape ( a horse4--,locke cor4 ,a univ]sality seems to be aim$ at by ! omission ( ! article4--,prie/ley cor4 ,ar*itecture is a useful z well z a f9e art4--,kames cor4 ,because ! same individual conjunctions d n pres]ve a uni=m signification4-- ,nutt+ cor4 ,su* a "w requir$ ! pati5ce & assiduity ( a h]mit4--,johnson cor4 ,res5tm5t is a union ( sorr[ ) malignity4--,id4 ,8 brav]y1 we "k1 0 a high c\rage ( blasphemy4--,pope cor4 ,,hyssop2 an h]b ( bitt] ta/e4--,pike cor4 ,on ea* en]vate /r+ !y taught ! note ,to pant1 or tremble ?r\gh a eunu*'s ?roat4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,an ,,or ,a ,,) ,,plurals4 ,at a session ( ! c\rt1 9 ,m>*1 x 0 mov$1 c4--,hut*9son cor4 ,i %all relate my conv]sations1 ( :i* ,i kept memor&a4--,d4 ,d',ab4 cor4 ,i took an o!r diction>y1 & ) a pair ( scissors cut out1 = in/ance1 ! ^w ,,abacus4--,a4 ,b4 ,johnson cor4 ,a p]son v meet seem$ he = ! purpose1 & ab\t =ty-five ye>s old4--,g>d9] cor4 ,& x came to pass1 ab\t eight days aft] ^! say+s4--,bible cor4 ,!re 7 sla9 ( !m ab\t ?ree ?\s& m54--#a ,macc4 cor4 ,until ,i _h ga9$ ! top ( ^! :ite m\nta9s1 :i* seem$ o!r ,alps ( sn[4--,addison cor4 ,to make !m satisfactory am5ds = all ! losses !y _h su/a9$4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,z a fir/-fruit ( _m t %all be ga!r$4--,b>clay cor4 ,x makes inde$ a little am5d1 7or "s am5ds17 by incit+ u to oblige p4--,%effield cor4 ,a l>ge & lightsome back /airway 7or flight ( back/airs7 leads up to an entry above4--,id4 ,peace ( m9d is an abundant recomp5se = any sacrifices ( int]e/4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,) su* a _s1 & su* s5tim5ts1 7 ho/ilities c>ri$ on4--,rob]tson cor4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a ?ick wood1 he _h long liv$ a volunt>y recluse4--,g4 ,b4 ,! flats look almo/ l a "y =e/4--,*ronicle cor4 ,z we w5t on1 ! c\ntry = a little way improv$1 b scantily4--,freeman cor4 ,:]eby ! ,jews 7 p]mitt$ to return into _! own c\ntry1 aft] a captivity ( sev5ty ye>s at ,babylon4--,roll9 cor4 ,he did n g a great way into ! c\ntry4--,gilb]t cor4 ,a l>ge am5d by =tune's h& is made1 ,& ! lo/ ,punic blood is well repay'd4--,r[e cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,n\ns ,,connect$4 ,z :]e a l&scape is conjo9$ ) ! music ( birds1 & ! od\r ( fl[]s4--,kames cor4 ,! la/ ord] resembles ! second 9 ! mildness ( its acc5t1 & ! s(tness ( its pause4--,id4 ,be=e ! use ( ! load/one1 or ! k ( ! compass4--,dryd5 cor4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple & ! imp]fect t5se ought n to be conf\nd$4--,murray cor4 ,9 proportion z ! ta/e ( a poet or an orator becomes m ref9$4--,blair cor4 ,a situation c nev] be m intricate1 s long z !re is an angel1 a devil1 or a musician1 to l5d a help+ h&4--,kames cor4 ,avoid rude sports3 an eye is soon lo/1 or a bone brok54--,in/41 p4 #bfb4 ,n a ^w 0 utt]$1 nor a sign giv54--,ib4 ,i despise n ! do]1 b ! de$4--,ib4 ,= ! sake ( an easi] pronunciation & a m agreeable s\nd4--,l[? cor4 ,! levity z well z ! loquacity ( ! ,greeks made !m incapable ( keep+ up ! true /&>d ( hi/ory4-- ,bol+broke cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,adjectives ,,connect$4 ,x is prop] t ! v[els be a long & a %ort "o4--,murray cor4 ,:e!r ! p]son m5tion$ 0 se5 by ! speak] a long or a %ort "t be=e4--,id4 et al4 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s2 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 & ! neut]4--,adam cor4 ,! numb]s are two2 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,id4 et al4 ,! p]sons are ?ree2 ! fir/1 ! second1 & ! ?ird4--,iidem4 ,n\ns & pron\ns h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4-- ,comly & ,+4 cor4 ,v]bs h five moods2 namely1 ! inf9itive1 ! indicative1 ! pot5tial1 ! subjunctive1 & ! imp]ative4-- ,bullions et al4 cor4 ,h[ _m numb]s h pron\ns8 ,two1 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,bradley cor4 ,to di/+ui% betwe5 an int]rogative & an exclamatory s5t5ce4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,! fir/ & ! la/ ( :i* are comp\nd memb]s4--,l[? cor4 ,9 ! la/ lecture1 ,i treat$ ( ! concise & ! diffuse1 ! n]v\s & ! feeble mann]4--,blair cor4 ,! passive & ! neut] v]bs ,i %all res]ve = "s future conv]sation4--,+]soll cor4 ,!re are two voices2 ! active & ! passive4--,adam et al4 cor4 ,,^: is r ! poetical ?an ! regul> g5itive ( ,,:i*4--,johnson cor4 ,to feel ! =ce ( a comp\nd or a d]ivative ^w4--,t[n cor4 ,to pres]ve ! di/9ctive uses ( ! copulative & ! disjunctive conjunctions4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,e has a long & a %ort s\nd 9 mo/ languages4--,bicknell cor4 ,:5 ! figurative & ! lit]al s5se are mix$ & jumbl$ toge!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! ,hebrew1 ) :i* ! ,canaaniti% & ! ,pho5ician /& 9 connexion4--,conant & ,f[l] cor4 ,! languages ( ,sc&9avia prop]1 ! ,norwegian & ! ,sw$i%4--,f[l] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,adjectives ,,connect$4 ,! pa? ( tru? is a pla9 & safe pa?4--,murray cor4 ,directions = acquir+ a j & happy elocution4--,kirkham cor4 ,its lead+ object is1 to adopt a correct & easy me?od4--,id4 ,h[ c x *oose b )] 9 a long & %>p w9t]8--,c[ley cor4 ,into a d>k & di/ant unkn[n4--,dr4 ,*alm]s cor4 ,:5 ! bold & /rong enslav$ 8 fell[ man4--,*azotte cor4 ,we n[ proce$ to consid] ! ?+s mo/ ess5tial to an accurate & p]fect s5t5ce4--,murray cor4 ,& h5ce arises a second & v consid]able s\rce ( ! improvem5t ( ta/e4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,novelty produces 9 ! m9d a vivid & agreeable emotion4--,id4 ,! deepe/ & bitt]e/ feel+ /ill is t ( ! sep>ation4--,dr4 ,m',rie cor4 ,a great & good man looks beyond "t4--,see ,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bfc4 ,!y made b a weak & ineffectual resi/ance4--,ib4 ,! light & wor?less k]nels w float4--,ib4 ,i rejoice t !re is an o!r & bett] _w4--,ib4 ,= he is det]m9$ to revise 8 "w1 & pres5t to ! public an o!r & bett] edition4--,kirkham cor4 ,he hop$ t ?is title w\ld secure to him an ample & indep5d5t au?ority4--,l4 ,murray cor4 et al4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 an o!r & m limit$ s5se4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,articles ,,or ,,plurals4 ,?is di/9ction =ms :at are call$ ! diffuse /yle & ! concise4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,two diff]5t modes ( speak+1 di/+ui%$ at fir/ by ! d5om9ations ( ! ,attic mann] & ! ,asiatic4--,adams cor4 ,b ! great design ( unit+ ! ,spani% & ,fr5* mon>*ies "u ! =m]1 0 laid4--,bol+broke cor4 ,9 ! solemn & poetic /yles1 x d or did is (t5 reject$4--,all5 cor4 ,!y _c be1 at ! same "t1 9 bo? ! objective case & ! nom9ative4 ,or3 ,!y _c be1 at ! same "t1 9 bo? ! objective & ! nom9ative case4 ,or3 ,!y _c be1 at ! same "t1 9 ! nom9ative case1 & also 9 ! objective4 ,or3 ,!y _c be1 at ! same "t1 9 ! nom9ative & objective cases4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #adh4 ,or1 bett]3 ,!y _c be1 at ! same "t1 9 bo? cases1 ! nom9ative & ! objective4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,!y are nam$ ! positive1 comp>ative1 & sup]lative degrees4--,sm>t cor4 ,c]ta9 adv]bs are capable ( tak+ an inflection2 namely1 t ( ! comp>ative & sup]lative degrees4--,f[l] cor4 ,9 ! subjunctive mood1 ! pres5t & imp]fect t5ses (t5 c>ry ) !m a future s5se4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,! imp]fect1 ! p]fect1 ! plup]fect1 & ! fir/-future t5se1 ( ?is mood1 are conjugat$ l ! same t5ses ( ! indicative4--,kirkham bett]$4 ,:at rules apply 9 p>s+ p]sonal pron\ns ( ! second & ?ird p]sons8--,id4 ,n\ns are sometimes 9 ! nom9ative or ! objective case aft] ! neut] v]b be1 or aft] an active-intransitive or a passive v]b4 ,! v]b v>ies its end+ 9 ! s+ul>1 9 ord] to agree ) its nom9ative1 9 ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird p]sons4--,id4 ,!y are id5tical 9 effect ) ! radical & ! vani%+ /ress4--,ru% cor4 ,9 a sonnet1 ! fir/1 ! f\r?1 ! fif?1 & ! eigh? l9e1 usually rhyme to "o an o!r3 s d ! second1 ?ird1 six?1 & sev5? l9es2 ! n9?1 elev5?1 & ?irte5? l9es2 & ! t5?1 twelf?1 & f\rte5? l9es4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,! iron & gold5 ages are run2 y\? & manhood are dep>t$4--,wright cor4 ,if1 z y say1 ! iron & ! gold5 age are pa/1 ! y\? & ! manhood ( ! _w4--,id4 ,an ,exposition ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4--,h5ry cor4 ,! names & ord] ( ! books ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t4--,bible cor4 ,9 ! second & ?ird p]sons ( t t5se4--,murray cor4 ,& :o /ill unites 9 himself ! human & ! div9e nature4--,gurney cor4 ,among :om arose ! ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,fr5*1 & ,engli% languages4--,murray cor4 ,:5ce arise ^! two numb]s1 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,burn cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,correspond5t ,,t]ms4 ,nei!r ! def9itions nor ! examples are entirely ! same z 84--,w>d cor4 ,because x makes a discordance betwe5 ! ?\ght & ! expression4--,kames cor4 ,betwe5 ! adjective & ! foll[+ sub/antive4--,id4 ,?us ,a!ns became bo? ! repository & ! nurs]y ( le>n+4--,*azotte cor4 ,b ! ,fr5* pilf]$ f bo? ! ,greek & ! ,lat94--,id4 ,he %[s t ,*ri/ is bo? ! p[] & ! wisdom ( ,god4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,t he might be ,"l bo? ( ! dead & ( ! liv+4--,bible cor4 ,?is is nei!r ! obvi\s nor ! grammatical mean+ ( 8 words4--,blair cor4 ,sometimes bo? ! accusative & ! inf9itive are und]/ood4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,9 "s cases1 we c use ei!r ! nom9ative or ! accusative1 promiscu\sly4--,iidem4 ,bo? ! =m] & ! latt] sub/antive are sometimes to be und]/ood4--,iidem4 ,_m ( :i* h escap$ bo? ! comm5tator & ! poet himself4--,pope cor4 ,! v]bs ,,mu/ & ,,ought1 h bo? a pres5t & a pa/ signification4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,h[ %all we di/+ui% betwe5 ! fri5ds & ! enemies ( ! gov]nm5t8--,dr4 ,web/] cor4 ,bo? ! ecclesia/ical & ! secul> p[]s concurr$ 9 ^? measures4--,dr4 ,campbell cor4 ,z ! p]iod has a beg9n+ & an end )9 itself1 x implies an inflection4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,su* z ought to subsi/ betwe5 a pr9cipal & an accessory4--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,correspond5ce ,,peculi>4 ,:5 bo? ! upw>d & ! d[nw>d slide occur 9 ! s\nd ( "o syllable1 !y are call$ a ,,circumflex1 or ,,wave4--,kirkham cor4 ,! ^w ,,t is us$ bo? 9 ! nom9ative & 9 ! objective case4--,sanborn cor4 ,b 9 all ! o!r moods & t5ses1 bo? ( ! active & ( ! passive voice ! v]bs are conjugat$ at l>ge4--,murray cor4 ,"s writ]s on gramm>1 admitt+ ! second-future t5se into ! indicative mood1 reject x f ! subjunctive4--,id4 ,aft] ! same conjunction1 to use bo? ! indicative & ! subjunctive mood 9 ! same s5t5ce1 & "u ! same circum/ances1 seems to be a great impropriety4--,id4 ,! true di/9ction betwe5 ! subjunctive & ! indicative mood 9 ?is t5se4--,id4 ,i d\bt ( 8 capacity to tea* ei!r ! ,fr5* or ! ,engli% language4--,*azotte cor4 ,x is z necess>y to make a di/9ction betwe5 ! active-transitive & ! active-intransitive v]b1 z betwe5 ! active & ! passive4--,nixon cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,t]ms4 ,z compreh5d+ ! t]ms utt]$ by ! arti/1 ! me*anic1 & ! husb&man4--,*azotte cor4 ,!y may be divid$ into f\r classes2 ! ,humani/s1 ! ,philan?ropi/s1 ! ,pe/alozzians1 & ! ,productives4--,smi? cor4 ,v]bs h six t5ses2 ! pres5t1 ! imp]fect1 ! p]fect1 ! plup]fect1 ! fir/-future1 & ! second-future4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,is x an irregul> neut] v]b f be1 01 be+1 be52 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]4--,murray cor4 ,,%\ld ,,give is an irregul> active-transitive v]b f give1 gave1 giv51 giv+2 f\nd 9 ! pot5tial mood1 imp]fect t5se1 fir/ p]son1 & plural numb]4--,id4 ,,u is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case4--,id4 ,,!m is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & objective case4--,id4 ,x is surpris+ t ! ,jewi% critics1 ) all _! skill 9 dots1 po9ts1 & acc5ts1 nev] _h ! +5uity to inv5t a po9t ( int]rogation1 a po9t ( admiration1 or a p>5!sis4--,dr4 ,wilson cor4 ,! fif?1 six?1 sev5?1 & eigh? v]ses4 ,or3 ,! fif?1 ! six?1 ! sev5?1 & ! eigh? v]se4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,sub/itutes h ?ree p]sons2 ! ,fir/1 ! ,second1 & ! ,?ird4--,id4 ,,john',s is a prop] n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & possessive case3 & is gov]n$ by ',,wife1' accord+ to ,rule #d?1 :i* says1 c4--,smi? cor4 ,n\ns1 9 ! ,engli% language1 h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,b>4 & ,alex4 cor4 ,! pot5tial mood has f\r t5ses2 viz41 ! pres5t1 ! imp]fect1 ! p]fect1 & ! plup]fect4--,+]soll cor4 ,:]e ,sci5ce1 ,law1 & ,lib]ty dep5d1 ,& own ! patron1 patriot1 & fri5d4--,savage cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,species ,,& ,,g5us4 ,! pron\n is a "p ( spee*#ecb put = ! n\n4--,paul's ,ac4 cor4 ,! v]b is a "p ( spee* decl9$ ) mood & t5se4--,id4 ,! p>ticiple is a "p ( spee* d]iv$ f ! v]b4--,id4 ,! adv]b is a "p ( spee* jo9$ to v]bs1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or o!r adv]bs1 to decl>e _! signification4--,id4 ,! conjunction is a "p ( spee* t jo9s words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,id4 ,! preposition is a "p ( spee* mo/ commonly set be=e o!r p>ts4--,id4 ,! int]jection is a "p ( spee* :i* betok5s a sudd5 emotion or passion ( ! m9d4--,id4 ,! enigma1 or riddle1 is also a species ( allegory4--,blair & ,murray cor4 ,we may take f ! ,scriptures a v f9e example ( ! allegory4--,iidem4 ,& ?us h y exhibit$ a sort ( sket* ( art4--,h>ris cor4 ,we may 'imag9e a subtle k9d ( reason+1' z ,mr4 ,h>ris acutely obs]ves4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,b1 be=e ent]+ on ^!1 ,i %all give "o in/ance ( metaphor1 v beautiful1 7or1 "o v beautiful in/ance ( metaphor17 t ,i may %[ ! figure to full advantage4--,blair cor4 ,ari/otle1 9 8 ,poetics1 uses metaphor 9 ?is ext5d$ s5se1 = any figurative mean+ impos$ ^u a ^w2 z ! :ole put = a "p1 or a "p = ! :ole2 a species = ! g5us1 or ! g5us = a species4--,id4 ,x %[s :at k9d ( apple x is ( :i* we are speak+4--,kirkham cor4 ,cleon 0 an o!r sort ( man4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,to keep (f 8 "r w+1 z a k9d ( res]v$ body4--,id4 ,?is "p ( spee* is call$ ! v]b4--,mack cor4 ,:at sort ( ?+ is x8--,hiley cor4 ,:at sort ( *>m d !y possess8--,bullions cor4 ,de> ,wel/$1 m>k1 9 dirty hole1 ,t pa9ful animal1 ! mole4--,dunciad cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,articles ,,n ,,requisite4 ,ei!r ?\ or ! boys 7 9 fault4--,comly cor4 ,x may1 at fir/ view1 appe> to be too g5]al4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,:5 ! v]b has ref]5ce to future "t4--,iidem4 ,no2 !y are ! language ( imag9ation1 r ?an ( passion4--,blair cor4 ,! dislike ( ,engli% ,gramm>1 :i* has s g5]ally prevail$1 c be attribut$ only to ! intricacy ( our syntax4--,russell cor4 ,is t ornam5t 9 good ta/e8--,kames cor4 ,!re are n _m f\nta9s 9 good ta/e4 ,or3 ,n _m f\nta9s are ornam5t$ 9 good ta/e4--,id4 ,& ,i p]secut$ ?is way unto dea?4--,bible cor4 ,! s5se ( feel+ c1 inde$1 give u a notion ( ext5sion4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #daa4 ,! di/ributive adjectives1 ea*1 e1 ei!r1 agree ) n\ns1 pron\ns1 or v]bs1 ( ! s+ul> numb] only4--,murray cor4 ,express+ by "o ^w1 :at might1 by a circumlocution1 be resolv$ into two or m words belong+ to o!r p>ts ( spee*4--,blair cor4 ,by c]ta9 muscles :i* op]ate 9 h>mony1 & all at ! same "t4--,murray cor4 ,x is suffici5t "h to h obs]v$ ?us mu* 9 g5]al conc]n+ !m4--,campbell cor4 ,no?+ disgu/s u soon] ?an empty pomp ( language4--,murray cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,titles ,,& ,,names4 ,he is entitl$ to ! appellation ( g5tleman4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,cromwell assum$ ! title ( ,protector--,id4 ,h] fa!r is hon\r$ ) ! title ( ,e>l4--,id4 ,! *ief magi/rate is /yl$ ,presid5t4-- ,id4 ,! highe/ title 9 ! /ate is t ( ,gov]nor4--,id4 ,t boy is kn[n by ! "n ( ,idl]4--,murray cor4 ,! "o /yl$ ,mufti1 is ! head ( ! m9i/]s ( law & religion4--,balbi cor4 ,rang+ all t possess$ !m "u "o class1 he call$ t :ole class tree4--,blair cor4 ,= oak1 p9e1 & a%1 7 names ( :ole classes ( objects4--,id4 ,x is ( little importance :e!r we give to "s p>ticul> mode ( expression ! "n ( trope1 or ( figure4--,id4 ,! collision ( a v[el ) itself is ! mo/ ungraci\s ( all comb9ations1 & has be5 doom$ to peculi> reprobation "u ! "n ( hiatus4--,adams cor4 ,we hesitate to det]m9e1 :e!r ,tyrant alone is ! nom9ative1 or :e!r ! nom9ative includes ! ^w ,spy4--,cobbett cor4 ,h5ce orig9at$ ! cu/om>y abbreviation ( twelve mon?s into twelvemon?2 ( sev5 nights into s5night2 ( f\rte5 nights into =tnight4--,web/] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,comp>isons ,,& ,,alt]natives4 ,he is a bett] writ] ?an read]4--,w4 ,all54 ,he 0 an abl] ma!matician ?an l+ui/4--,id4 ,i %\ld r h an orange ?an an apple4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,he 0 no less able z a negotiator1 ?an c\rage\s z a w>rior4--,smollett cor4 ,9 an epic poem1 we p>don _m neglig5ces t w\ld n be p]mitt$ 9 a sonnet or an epigram4--,kames cor4 ,t figure is a sph]e1 globe1 or ball4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #ceg4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,antec$5ts ,,to ,,:o ,,or ,,:i*4 ,! c>riages :i* 7 =m]ly 9 use1 7 v clumsy4--,key to ,in/4 ,! place is n m5tion$ by ! geograph]s :o wrote at t "t4--,ib4 ,^? que/ions :i* a p]son puts to himself 9 contemplation1 ought to be t]m9at$ ) po9ts ( int]rogation4-- ,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,! "w is design$ = ! use ( ^? p]sons :o may ?9k x m]its a place 9 _! libr>ies4--,mur4 cor4 ,t ^? :o ?9k confus$ly1 %\ld express !mselves obscurely1 is n to be wond]$ at4--,id4 ,^? gramm>ians :o limit ! numb] to two1 or ?ree1 d n reflect4--,id4 ,! sub/antives :i* end 9 ian1 are ^? t signify pr(ession4 ,or3 ,^? sub/antives :i* end 9 ian1 are su* z signify pr(ession4--,id4 ,to ^! may be add$ ^? v]bs :i*1 among ! poets1 usually gov]n ! dative4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,! consonants are ^? lett]s :i* _c be s\nd$ )\t ! aid ( a v[el4--,bucke cor4 ,to employ ! curiosity ( p]sons skill$ 9 gramm>3--( ^? :o are skill$ 9 gramm>3--( p]sons t are skill$ 9 gramm>3--( su* p]sons z are skill$ 9 gramm>3 or--( ^? p]sons :o are skill$ 9 gramm>4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is rule ref]s only to ^? n\ns & pron\ns :i* h ! same be>+1 or relation4--,id4 ,s t ! ?+s :i* are se51 7 n made ( ?+s t d appe>4--,bible cor4 ,man is an imitative creature2 he may utt] aga9 ! s\nds :i* he has he>d4--,dr4 ,wilson cor4 ,b ^? m5 ^: bus9ess is :olly dome/ic1 h little or no use = any language b _! own4--,dr4 ,web/] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,p>ticipial ,,n\ns4 ,great b5efit may be reap$ f ! read+ ( hi/ories4--,sewel cor4 ,& "s attempts 7 made t[>ds ! writ+ ( hi/ory4--,bol+broke cor4 ,x is an invad+ ( ! prie/'s (fice1 = any o!r to (f] x--,leslie cor4 ,& ?us f> ( ! =m+ ( v]bs4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,& )\t ! %$d+ ( blood !re is no remission4--,bible cor4 ,= ! mak+ ( measures1 we h ! be/ me?od "h 9 ,engl&4--,pr9t]'s ,gram4 cor4 ,?is is really bo? an admitt+ & a d5y+ at once4--,butl] cor4 ,& h5ce ! orig9 ( ! mak+ ( p>liam5ts4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,next ?\ objecte/1 t ! hav+ ( sav+ light & grace presupposes conv]sion4 ,b t ,i d5y3 =1 on ! contr>y1 conv]sion presupposes ! hav+ ( light & grace4--,b>clay cor4 ,!y cri$ d[n ! we>+ ( r+s & o!r sup]fluities1 z we d4--,id4 ,^: adorn+1 let x n be t outw>d adorn+1 ( ! plait+ ( ! hair1 & ( ! we>+ ( gold1 or ( ! putt+-on ( app>el4--,bible cor4 ,9 ! spell+ ( d]ivative words1 ! primitives mu/ be kept :ole4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*anan's cor4 ,& ! pr9ces (f]$ = ! d$icat+ ( ! alt>4--,numb4 cor4 ,boa/+ is n only a tell+ ( lies1 b also ( _m unseemly tru?s4--,%effield cor4 ,we freely confess t ! =be>+ ( pray] 9 ! wick$ is s9ful4--,b>clay cor4 ,= ! reveal+ ( a secret1 !re is no rem$y4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,he turn$ all 8 ?\ghts to ! compos+ ( laws = ! good ( ! ,/ate4--,roll9 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvi4--,,p>ticiples1 ,,n ,,n\ns4 ,x is salvation to be kept f fall+ into a pit1 z truly z to be tak5 out ( x aft] fall+ 94--,b>clay cor4 ,= 9 receiv+ & embrac+ ! te/imony ( tru?1 !y felt _! s\ls eas$4--,id4 ,true regul>ity does n consi/ 9 hav+ b a s+le rule1 & =c+ e ?+ to con=m to x4--,phil4 ,museum cor4 ,to ! man ( ! _w1 ?is s\nd ( glad tid+s appe>s only an idle tale1 & n wor? att5d+ to4--,say cor4 ,to be ! deliv]] ( ! captive ,jews1 by ord]+ _! temple to be rebuilt1 c4--,roll9 cor4 ,& = pres]v+ !m f be+ defil$4--,discip4 cor4 ,a wise man w =be> to %[ any excell5ce 9 trifles4--,kames cor4 ,hirsutus _h no o!r reason = valu+ a book4--,johnson1 & ,wright1 cor4 ,to be+ he>d ) satisfaction1 x is necess>y t ! speak] %\ld deliv] himself ) ease4 ,p]haps bett]3 ,to be he>d1 c4 ,or3 ,9 ord] to be he>d1 c4--,%]idan cor4 ,&1 to ! end ( be+ well he>d & cle>ly und]/ood1 a good & di/9ct articulation contributes m1 ?an c ev5 ! greate/ p[] ( voice4--,id4 ,pot5tial purports1 hav+ p[] or w2 ,z1 ,if y w\ld improve1 y %\ld be /ill4--,tobitt cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvii4--,,v>i\s ,,errors4 ,= ! same reason1 a neut] v]b _c become passive4--,l[? cor4 ,a p]iod is a :ole s5t5ce complete 9 itself4--,id4 ,a colon1 or memb]1 is a *ief con/ructive "p1 or ! greate/ division1 ( a s5t5ce4--,id4 ,a semicolon1 or half-memb]1 is a small] con/ructive "p1 or a subdivision1 ( a s5t5ce or ( a memb]4--,id4 ,a s5t5ce or a memb] is aga9 subdivid$ into commas1 or segm5ts4--,id4 ,! fir/ error t ,i w\ld m5tion is1 too g5]al an att5tion to ! dead languages1 ) a neglect ( our own tongue4--,web/] cor4 ,"o ?ird ( ! importations w\ld supply ! dem&s ( ! p4--,id4 ,& especially 9 a grave /yle4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #agh4 ,by too eag] a pursuit1 he ran a great risk ( be+ disappo9t$4--,murray cor4 ,! lett]s are divid$ into v[els & consonants4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,! consonants are divid$ into mutes & semiv[els4--,iidem4 ,! fir/ ( ^! =ms is ! mo/ agreeable to ! ,engli% idiom4--,murray cor4 ,if !y ga91 x is at too de> a rate4--,b>clay cor4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n1 to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( x4--,maund] cor4 ,?is vulg> error might p]haps arise f too p>tial a fondness = ! ,lat94--,a% cor4 ,! groans :i* too heavy a load extorts f h]4--,hit*cock cor4 ,! numb]s ( a v]b are1 ( c\rse1 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,bucke cor4 ,to brook no meanness1 & to /oop to no dissimulation1 are indications ( a great m9d4--,murray cor4 ,?is mode ( expression r suits ! famili> ?an ! grave /yle4--,id4 ,?is use ( ! ^w be/ suits a famili> & l[ /yle4--,prie/ley cor4 ,accord+ to ! nature ( ! composition1 ! "o or ! o!r may be pr$om9ant4--,blair cor4 ,yet ! commonness ( su* s5t5ces prev5ts 9 a great measure too e>ly an expectation ( ! end4--,campbell cor4 ,a eulogy or a philippic may be pron\nc$ by an individual ( "o nation ^u a subject ( an o!r4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,a ,fr5* s]mon is1 = ! mo/ "p1 a w>m animat$ exhortation4--,blair cor4 ,i d n envy ^? :o ?9k slav]y no v pitiable lot4--,*ann+ cor4 ,! auxili>y & ! pr9cipal unit$ con/itute a t5se4--,murray cor4 ,!re are "s v]bs :i* are defective ) respect to ! p]sons4--,id4 ,9 y\?1 habits ( indu/ry are ! mo/ easily acquir$4--,id4 ,! apo/rophe 7'7 is us$ 9 place ( a lett] left out4--,bullions cor4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,cases1 ,,or ,,n\ns4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii2 ,,( ,,nom9atives4 ,! :ole ne$ n a physician1 b !y t are sick4--,bunyan cor4 ,he w 9 no wise ca/ out :osoev] come? unto him4 ,bett]3 ,he w 9 no wise ca/ out any t come unto him4--,hall cor4 ,he fe>$ ! enemy might fall ^u 8 m51 :o1 he saw1 7 (f _! gu>d4--,hut*9son cor4 ,:osoev] %all compel !e to g a mile1 g ) him twa94--,matt41 v1 #da4 ,! ideas ( ! au?or h be5 conv]sant ) ! faults ( o!r writ]s4--,swift cor4 ,y are a mu* great] los] ?an ,i1 by 8 dea?4 ,or3 ,?\ art a mu* great] los] by 8 dea? ?an ,i4--,id4 ,su* peccadilloes pass ) him = pi\s frauds4--,b>clay cor4 ,9 :om ,i am ne>ly conc]n$1 & :o1 ,i "k1 w\ld be v apt to ju/ify my :ole proc$ure4--,id4 ,d n ?9k su* a man z ,i contemptible = my g>b4--,addison cor4 ,8 weal? & he bid adieu to ea* o!r4--,prie/ley cor4 ,s t1 ',he is great] ?an ,i1' w be m grammatical ?an1 ',he is great] ?an me4'--,id4 ,! ,jesuits _h m int]e/s at c\rt ?an he4--,id4 & ,smollett cor4 ,tell ! ,c>d9al t ,i und]/& poetry bett] ?an he4--,iid4 ,an inhabitant ( ,crim ,t>t>y 0 f> m happy ?an he4--,iid4 ,my fa!r & he h be5 v intimate s9ce4--,fair ,am4 cor4 ,:o 0 ! ag5t1 & :o1 ! object /ruck or kiss$8--,mrs4 ,be?une cor4 ,to f9d ! p]son :o1 he imag9$1 0 conceal$ !re4--,kirkham cor4 ,he (f]$ a great recomp5se to :osoev] w\ld help him4 ,bett]3 ,he (f]$ a great recomp5se to any "o :o w\ld help him4--,hume & ,pr4 cor4 ,!y w\ld be "u ! dom9ion1 absolute & unlimit$1 ( :osoev] 7or any "o :o7 might ex]cise ! "r ( judgem5t4--,haynes cor4 ,!y _h promis$ to accept :osoev] 7or any "o :o7 %\ld be born 9 ,wales4--,crok] cor4 ,we sorr[ n z !y t h no hope4--,matur9 cor4 ,if he suff]s1 he suff]s z !y t h no hope4--,id4 ,we ackn[l$ge t he1 & he only1 ha? be5 our peacemak]4--,gratton cor4 ,& :at c be bett] ?an he t made x8--,j5ks cor4 ,none ( 8 s*ool-fell[s is m belov$ ?an he4--,coop] cor4 ,solomon1 :o 0 wis] ?an !y all4--,watson cor4 ,^? :o ! ,jews ?\ght 7 ! la/ to be sav$1 fir/ ent]$ ! k+dom ( ,god4--,tract cor4 ,a /one is heavy1 & ! s& weighty2 b a fool's wra? is heavi] ?an bo?4--,bible cor4 ,a man ( bus9ess1 9 good company1 is h>dly m insupportable1 ?an %e :om !y call a notable woman4--,/eele cor4 ,! k+ ( ! ,s>matians1 :o we may imag9e 0 no small pr9ce1 re/or$ to him a hundr$ ?\s& ,roman prison]s4--,life ( ,anton4 cor4 ,su* notions w\ld be av[$ at ?is "t by none b rosicrucians1 & fanatics z mad z !y4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjc4 ,unless1 z ,i said1 ,messieurs1 y are ! ma/]s1 & n ,i4--,hall cor4 ,we _h drawn up aga9/ peaceable travell]s1 :o mu/ h be5 z glad z we to escape4--,burnes cor4 ,/imulat$1 9 turn1 by _! approbation & t ( bett] judges ?an !y1 %e turn$ to _! lit]ature ) r$\bl$ en]gy4--,qu>t]ly ,rev4 cor4 ,i "k n :o else are expect$4--,scott cor4 ,he is great1 b tru? is great] ?an we all4 ,or3 ,he is great1 b tru? is great] ?an any ( u4--,h4 ,mann cor44 ,he ,i accuse has ent]$4 ,or1 by ellipsis ( ! antec$5t1 ?us3 ,:om ,i accuse has ent]$4--,f[l] cor42 also ,%akspe>e4 ,scotl& & ?\ did ea* 9 o!r live4--,dryd5 cor4 ,we are alone2 "h's none b ?\ & ,i4--,%ak4 cor4 ,i r w\ld1 my he>t might feel y\r love1 ,?an my unpleas'd eye see y\r c\rtesy4--,%ak4 cor4 ,tell me1 9 sadness1 :o is %e y love8--,%ak4 cor4 ,bett] leave undone1 ?an by our de$s acquire ,too high a fame1 :5 he we s]ve's away4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii2 ,,( ,,apposition4 ,n[1 !re=e1 come ?\1 let u make a cov5ant1 !e & me4--,bible cor4 ,n[1 !re=e1 come ?\1 we w make a cov5ant1 ?\ & ,i4--,v>iation correct$4 ,! ^w came n to ,esau1 ! hunt]1 t /ay$ n at home2 b to ,jacob1 ! pla9 man1 him t dwelt 9 t5ts4--,p5n cor4 ,n to e man1 b to ! man ( ,god1 7i4e417 him t is l$ by ! _s ( ,god4--,b>clay cor4 ,=1 admitt+ ,god to be a cr$itor1 or him to :om ! debt %\ld be paid1 & ,*ri/ him t satisfies or pays x on behalf ( man ! debtor1 ?is "q w arise1 :e!r he paid t debt z ,god1 or man1 or bo?8--,p5n cor4 ,?is ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! heav5ly ,man1 ! ,emmanuel1 ,god ) u1 we own & believe 93 him :om ! high prie/s rag$ aga9/1 c4--,fox cor4 ,*ri/1 & ,he crucifi$1 0 ! ,alpha & ,omega ( all 8 addresses1 ! f\nta9 & f\ndation ( 8 hope & tru/4--,exp4 cor4 ,*ri/1 & ,he crucifi$1 is ! head1 & ! only head1 ( ! *ur*4--,d5ison cor4 ,b if ,*ri/1 & ,he crucifi$1 is ! burd5 ( ! m9i/ry1 su* disa/r\s results are all avoid$4--,id4 ,he nev] let fall ! lea/ intimation1 t himself1 or any o!r p]son :osoev]1 0 ! object ( wor%ip4--,view cor4 ,let ! eld]s t rule well1 be c\nt$ wor?y ( d\ble hon\r1 especially !m :o lab\r 9 ! ^w & doctr9e4--,bible cor4 ,our ,%eph]d1 he :o is /yl$ ,k+ ( sa9ts1 w assur$ly give 8 sa9ts ! victory4--,s]mon cor4 ,x may seem odd1 to talk ( u subscrib]s4--,f[le cor4 ,& !y %all h none to bury !m3 !y1 _! wives1 nor _! sons1 nor#ecc _! daught]s2 = ,i w p\r _! wick$ness ^u !m4--,bible cor4 ,yet ,i suppos$ x necess>y to s5d to y ,epaphroditus1 my bro!r1 & companion 9 lab\r1 & fell[-soldi]1 b y\r mess5g]1 & him t m9i/]$ to my wants4--,bible cor4 ,amid/ ! tumult ( ! r\t$ tra91 ,! sons ( false ,antima*us 7 sla92 ,him :o = bribes 8 fai?less c\nsels sold1 ,& vot$ ,hel5's /ay = ,p>is' gold4--,pope cor4 ,see ! vile ,k+ 8 iron sceptre be>-- ,8 only praise att5ds ! pi\s heir2 ,him 9 ^: s\l ! virtues all conspire1 ,! be/ good son1 f ! wor/ wick$ sire4--,l[? cor4 ,!n f ?y lips p\r$ =? a joyful song ,to ?y ,r$eem]6--yea1 x p\r$ along ,9 mo/ melodi\s en]gy ( praise1 ,to ,god1 ! ,savi\r1 him ( anci5t days4--,arm ,*air cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv2 ,,( ,,possessives4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,possessive ,,=m4 ,man's *ief good is an upright m9d4--,key to ,in/4 ,! translator ( ,mallet's ,hi/ory has ! foll[+ note4--,web/] cor4 ,! act1 :ile x gave five ye>s' full pay to ! (fic]s1 all[$ b "o ye>'s pay to ! privates4--,id4 ,= ! /udy ( ,engli% is prec$$ by sev]al ye>s' att5tion to ,lat9 & ,greek4--,id4 ,! fir/1 ! ,c\rt-,b>on1 is ! freehold]s' or freem5's c\rt4--,coke cor4 ,i affirm t ,vaugelas's def9ition lab\rs "u an ess5tial defect4--,campbell cor42 & also ,murray4 ,!re is a *orus 9 ,ari/ophanes's plays4--,blair cor4 ,x d5otes ! same p]ception 9 my m9d z 9 !irs4--,duncan cor4 ,?is aft]w>ds enabl$ him to read ,hickes's ,saxon ,gramm>4--,life ( ,dr4 ,mur4 cor4 ,i w n d x = t5's sake4--,a% cor4 ,or3 ,i w n de/roy x = t5's sake4--,g541 xviii1 #cb4 ,i arose1 & ask$ if ^? *>m+ infants 7 h]s4--,w]t] cor4 ,!y divide _! "t betwe5 mill9]s' %ops & ! tav]ns4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,! angels' ador+ ( ,adam is also m5tion$ 9 ! ,talmud4--,sale cor4 ,qu>rels arose f ! w9n]s' insult+ ( ^? :o lo/4--,id4 ,! vacancy occasion$ by ,mr4 ,adams's resignation4--,adv4 to ,adams's ,rhet4 cor4 ,read1 = in/ance1 ,junius's address1 commonly call$ 8 ,lett] to ! ,k+4--,adams cor4 ,a p]petual /ruggle aga9/ ! tide ( ,hort5sius's influ5ce4--,id4 ,:i*1 = di/9ction's sake1 ,i %all put d[n sev]ally4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,! fif? case is 9 a clause signify+ ! matt] ( "o's fe>4--,id4 ,& !y took c\nsel1 & b\ght ) !m ! pott]'s field4--,alg] cor4 ,arise = ?y s]vants' help1 & r$eem !m = ?y m]cy's sake4--,j5ks cor4 ,%all n _! cattle1 _! sub/ance1 & e bea/ ( !irs1 be ours8--,,com4 ,,bible3 ,g541 xxxiv1 #bc4 ,its regul> plural1 bullaces1 is us$ by ,bacon4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,mordecai walk$ e day be=e ! c\rt ( ! wom5's h\se4--,scott cor4 ,behold1 !y t we> s(t clo?+1 are 9 k+s' h\ses4--,alg]'s ,bible4 ,!n ,je?ro1 ,moses's fa!r-9-law1 took ,zipporah1 ,moses's wife1 & h] two sons2 & ,je?ro1 ,moses's fa!r-9-law1 came1 ) 8 sons & 8 wife1 unto ,moses4--,scott's ,bible4 ,k+ ,james's translators m]ely revis$ =m] translations4--,frazee cor4 ,may !y be l corn on h\ses' tops4--,:ite cor4 ,& = 8 ,mak]'s image' sake exempt4--,milton cor4 ,by all ! fame acquir$ 9 t5 ye>s' w>4--,r[e cor4 ,nor glad vile poets ) true critics' gore4--,pope cor4 ,man only ( a s(t] mold is made1 ,n = 8 fell[s' ru91 b _! aid4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,possessives ,,connect$4 ,x 0 necess>y to h bo? ! physician's & ! surgeon's advice4--,l4 ,murray's ,false ,syntax1 ,rule #aj4 ,?is outside fa%ionabl5ess ( ! tailor's or ! tirewoman's mak+4--,locke cor4 ,"s pret5d+ to be ( ,paul's p>ty1 o!rs ( ,apollos's1 o!rs ( ,cephas's1 & o!rs1 7pret5d+ yet high]17 to be ( ,*ri/'s4--,wood cor4 ,nor is x less c]ta91 t ,sp5s] & ,milton's spell+ agrees bett] ) our pronunciation4--,phil4 ,museum cor4 ,law's1 ,edw>ds's1 & ,watts's ,survey ( ! ,div9e ,disp5sations4 ,or ?us3 ,law1 ,edw>ds1 & ,watts's1 ,surveys ( ! ,div9e ,disp5sations4--,burgh cor4 ,& :o 0 ,eno*'s ,savi\r1 & ! prophets'8--,bayly cor4 ,)\t any imp$im5t b 8 own1 8 p>5ts'1 or 8 gu>dian's w4--,j\rnal correct$4 ,james relieves nei!r ! boy's nor ! girl's di/ress4--,nixon cor4 ,john reg>ds nei!r ! ma/]'s nor ! pupil's advantage4--,id4 ,y rew>d nei!r ! man's nor ! woman's lab\rs4--,id4 ,%e exam9es nei!r ,james's nor ,john's conduct4--,id4 ,?\ pitie/ nei!r ! s]vant's nor ! ma/]'s injuries4--,id4 ,we promote ,engl&'s or ,irel&'s happ9ess4--,id4 ,7 ,ca9's & ,abel's occupation ! same8--,g4 ,br[n4 ,7 ,ca9 & ,abel's occupations ! same8--,id4 ,:at 0 ,simon & ,&rew's employm5t8--,id4 ,till he c read = himself ,sanctius's ,m9]va ) ,scioppius's & ,p]izonius's ,notes4--,locke cor4 ,& love & fri5d%ip's f9ely-po9t$ d>t ,falls blunt$ f ea* indurat$ he>t4 ,or3-- ,& love's & fri5d%ip's f9ely-po9t$ d>t ,fall blunt$ f ea* indurat$ he>t4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,*oice ,,( ,,=ms4 ,b "s degree ( tr\ble is ! portion ( all m54--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,) ! names ( 8 fa!r & "m ^u ! blank leaf4--,abbott cor4 ,! g5]al1 9 ! "n ( ! army1 publi%$ a decl>ation4--,hume cor4 ,! vote ( ! ,commons4--,id4 ,! ,h\se ( ,lords4--,id4 ,a collection ( ! faults ( writ]s2--or1 ,a collection ( lit]>y faults4--,swift cor4 ,aft] t5 ye>s ( w>s4--,id4 ,pr(ess+ 8 dete/ation ( su* practices z ^? ( 8 pr$ecessors4--,pope cor4 ,by t "t ,i %all h end$ my ye> ( (fice4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,= ! sake ( ,h]odias1 ! wife ( 8 bro!r ,philip4--,bible & ,mur4 cor4 ,i endure all ?+s = ! sake ( ! elect1 t !y may also obta9 salvation4--,bibles cor4 ,he 0 heir to ! son ( ,l\is ! ,sixte5?4--,w4 ,all54 ,! ?rone we hon\r is ! p's *oice4--,rolla4 ,an acc\nt ( ! proce$+s ( ,alex&]'s c\rt4--,in/4 ,an excell5t tutor = ! *ild ( a p]son ( fa%ion6--,gil ,blas cor4 ,x is curi\s en\gh1 t ?is s5t5ce ( ! ,bi%op's is1 itself1 ungrammatical4--,cobbett cor4 ,! troops broke into ! palace ( ! ,emp]or ,leopold4--,nixon cor4 ,! meet+ 0 call$ by desire ( ,eldon ! ,judge4--,id4 ,! occupation ( ,pet]1 ,john1 & ,&rew1 0 t ( fi%]m54--,murray's ,key1 ,r4 #aj4 ,! debility ( ! v5]able presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy1 has lately increas$4--,maund] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,n\ns ,,) ,,possessives ,,plural4 ,god ha? n giv5 u our reason to no purpose4--,b>clay cor4 ,= our sake1 no d\bt1 ?is is writt54--,bible cor4 ,are n heal? & /r5g? ( body desirable = _! own sake8--,h>ris & ,murray cor4 ,"s sailors :o 7 boil+ _! d9n] ^u ! %ore4--,day cor4 ,& !y1 9 _! turn1 7 subdu$ by o!rs4--,p9nock cor4 ,indu/ry on our "p is n sup]s$$ by ,god's grace4--,arr[smi? cor4 ,_! heal? p]haps may be pretty well secur$4--,locke cor4 ,?\gh he 0 ri*1 yet = y\r sake he became poor4--,see #b ,cor41 viii1 #i4 ,x 7 to be wi%$1 8 correctors _h be5 z wise on _! "p4--,h>ris cor4 ,! ,arabs are comm5d$ by ! anci5ts = be+ mo/ exact to _! ^w1 & respctful to _! k9dr$4--,sale cor4 ,t is1 z a rew>d ( "s ex]tion on our "p4--,gurney cor4 ,s t x w5t ill ) ,moses = _! sake4--,ps4 cor4 ,all li>s %all h _! "p 9 ! burn+ lake4--,watts cor4 ,= our own sake z well z = ?9e4--,pref4 to ,wall] cor4 ,by discov]+ _! ability to detect & am5d errors4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is _w ,i d r5\nce2 &1 9 y\r sight1 ,%ake pati5tly my great affliction (f4--,%ak4 cor4 ,if y\r rel5t+ ang] yield to treat1 ,pompey & ?\1 9 safety1 "h may meet4--,r[e cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,possessives ,,) ,,p>ticiples4 ,?is w enc\rage him to proce$ )\t acquir+ ! prejudice4--,smi? cor4 ,& ! notice :i* !y give ( an action z be+ complet$ or n complet$4--,l4 ,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,"s ob/acle1 or imp$im5t1 t prev5ts x f tak+ place4--,prie/ley & ,a4 ,mur4 cor4 ,!y h apo/olical au?ority = s frequ5tly urg+ ! seek+ ( ! ,_s4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,"h !n is a wide field = reason to ex]t its p[]s 9 relation to ! objects ( ta/e4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,n[ ?is !y d]ive altoge!r f _! great] capacity ( imitation & description4--,id4 ,?is is "o cle> reason :y !y paid a great] att5tion to t con/ruction4--,id4 ,! dialogue "p _h also a modulation ( its own1 :i* 0 capable ( be+ set to notes4--,id4 ,:y are we s (t5 frigid & unp]suasive 9 public disc\rse8--,id4 ,:i* is only a prep>ation = lead+ 8 =ces directly ^u u4--,id4 ,! nons5se ab\t :i*1 z relat+ to ?+s only1 & hav+ no decl5sion1 ne$s no refutation4--,f[le cor4 ,:o1 ^u break+ x op51 f\nd no?+ b ! foll[+ inscription4--,roll9 cor4 ,a pr9ce w quickly h reason to rep5t ( hav+ exalt$ "o p]son s high4--,id4 ,not)/&+ x is ! imm$iate subject ( 8 disc\rse4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,) our def9ition ( x1 z be+ synonym\s ) "t4--,boo? cor4 ,x w consid]ably increase our dang] ( be+ deceiv$4--,campbell cor4 ,8 beauties c nev] be m5tion$ )\t sugge/+ 8 blemi%es also4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,no example has ev] be5 adduc$1 ( a man consci5ti\sly approv+ an action1 because ( its badness4 ,or3--( a man :o consci5ti\sly approv$ ( an action because ( its badness4--,gurney cor4 ,! la/ episode1 ( ! angel %[+ to ,adam ! fate ( 8 po/]ity1 is happily imag9$4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,& ! news came to my son1 t he & ! bride 7 9 ,dubl94--,m4 ,edgewor? cor4 ,!re is no room = ! m9d to ex]t any great ef=t4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,"o w\ld imag9e1 t ^! critics nev] s mu* z he>d t ,hom] wrote fir/4--,pope cor4 ,condemn ! book1 = n be+ a geography2 or1--because x is n a geography4--,peirce cor4 ,!re w be 9 _m words a transition f be+ ! figurative to be+ ! prop] signs ( c]ta9 ideas4--,campbell cor4 ,! doctr9e t ! ,pope is ! only s\rce ( ecclesia/ical p[]4--,rel4 ,_w cor4 ,?is 0 ! m exp$i5t1 because ! "w 0 design$ = ! b5efit ( private le>n]s4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is 0 done1 because ! ,gramm>1 be+ already 9 type1 did n admit ( enl>gem5t4--,id4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,v2 ,,( ,,objectives4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,objective ,,=m4 ,:om %\ld ,i meet ! o!r day b my old fri5d6--,spect4 cor4 ,let n him boa/ t puts on 8 arm\r1 b him t takes x (f4--,b>clay cor4 ,let none t\* x1 b !m :o are clean4--,sale cor4 ,let ! sea ro>1 & ! fullness !re(2 ! _w1 & !m t dwell !re94--,ps4 cor4 ,pray be private1 & c>eful :om y tru/4--,mrs4 ,g(fe cor4 ,h[ %all ! p "k :om to entru/ ) _! prop]ty & _! lib]ties8--,j4 ,o4 ,taylor cor4 ,! *apla9 entreat$ my comrade & me to dress z well z possible4--,_w cor4 ,& him t come? to me1 ,i w 9 no wise ca/ out4--,john1 vi1 #cg4 ,:om1 dur+ ?is prep>ation1 !y con/antly & solemnly invoke4--,hope ( ,is4 cor4 ,:oev] or :atev] owes u1 is ,debtor2 & :omev] or :atev] we owe1 is ,cr$itor4--,m>% cor4 ,decl>+ ! curricle 0 81 & he %\ld h 9 x :om he *ose4--,a4 ,ross cor4 ,! fact is1 ,burke is ! only "o ( all ! ho/ ( brilliant contempor>ies1 :om we c rank z a fir/-rate orator4--,knick]b4 cor4 ,?us y see1 h[ naturally ! ,fribbles & ! ,daffodils h produc$ ! ,messal9as ( our "t4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,!y w\ld f9d 9 ! ,roman li/ bo? ! ,scipios4--,id4 ,he f\nd 8 wife's clo!s on fire1 & h] j expir+4--,obs]v] cor4 ,to pres5t y holy1 & unblamable1 & unreprovable 9 8 sight4--,colossians1 i1 #bb4 ,let ! di/ribut] d 8 duty ) simplicity2 ! sup]9t5d5t1 ) dilig5ce2 him :o p]=ms (fices ( compassion1 ) *e]fulness4--,/u>t cor4 ,if ! crew rail at ! ma/] ( ! vessel1 :om w !y m9d8--,colli] cor4 ,he hav+ none b !m1 !y hav+ none b him--,drayton cor4 ,!e1 ,nature1 p>tial ,nature1 ,i arraign2 ,( ?y caprice mat]nal ,i compla94--,burns cor4 ,nor we5s he :o x is1 ^: *>ms consume ,8 long+ s\l1 b loves he kn[s n :om--,addison cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,v]bs ,,transitive4 ,:5 x gives t s5se1 & also connects s5t5ces1 x is a conjunction4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?\gh ?\ wilt n ackn[l$ge ?yself to--be guilty1 ?\ can/ n d5y ! fact /at$4--,id4 ,!y specify "s object1 l _m o!r adjectives1 & also connect s5t5ces4--,kirkham cor4 ,a violation ( ?is rule t5ds s mu* to p]plex ! read] & obscure ! s5se1 t x is saf] to err by us+ too _m %ort s5t5ces4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,a few ex]cises are subjo9$ to ea* important def9ition1 = him ! pupil to practise ^u z he proce$s 9 committ+ ! gramm> to memory4--,nutt+ cor4 ,a v]b signify+ an action directly transitive1 gov]ns ! accusative4--,adam et al4 cor4 ,or1 any ^w t c be conjugat$1 is a v]b4--,kirkham cor4 ,9 ^! two conclud+ s5t5ces1 ! au?or1 ha/5+ to a close1 appe>s to write r c>elessly4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,he simply reasons on "o side ( ! "q1 & !n leaves x4--,id4 ,praise to ,god tea*es u to be humble & l[ly ourselves4--,att]bury cor4 ,?is au?or has endeav\r$ to surpass 8 rivals4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5 cor4 ,idl5ess & pleasure fatigue a man z soon z bus9ess4--,web/] cor4 ,&1 9 conjugat+ any v]b1--or1 ,& 9 le>n+ conjugations1 y mu/ pay p>ticul> att5tion to ! mann] 9 :i* ^! signs are appli$4--,kirkham cor4 ,he said ,virg9ia w\ld h emancipat$ h] slaves long ago4--,lib4 cor4 ,& hav+ a read9ess--or1 ,& hold+ ourselves 9 read9ess--or1 ,& be+ 9 read9ess--to rev5ge all disob$i5ce4--,bible cor4 ,h[ev]1 9 ^! cases1 cu/om g5]ally det]m9es :at is "r4--,wright cor4 ,9 pro(1 let ! foll[+ cases be tak54--,id4 ,we mu/ m>vel t he %\ld s spe$ily h =gott5 8 fir/ pr9ciples4--,id4 ,h[ %\ld we wond] at ! expression1 ',?is is a s(t "q6' --,id4 ,& su* z pref] ?is c\rse1 c p>se x z a possessive adjective4--,good5[ cor4 ,to assign all ! reasons t induc$ ! au?or to deviate f o!r gramm>ians1 w\ld lead to a ne$less prolixity4--,alex&] cor4 ,! ,indicative ,mood simply indicates or decl>es a ?+4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,v]bs ,,intransitive4 ,9 8 sev5? *apt] he expatiates at great l5g?4--,b>clay cor4 ,he qu>rels ) me = adduc+ "s anci5t te/imonies agree+ ) :at ,i say4--,id4 ,rep5t+ ( 8 design4--,hume cor4 ,h5ry knew1 t an excommunication c\ld n fail to produce ! mo/ dang]\s effects4--,id4 ,! popul> lords did n fail to enl>ge on ! subject1--,mrs4 ,macaulay cor4 ,he is always ma/] ( 8 subject1 & seems to play ) x3 or1--seems to sport himself ) x4--,blair cor4 ,b z soon z x am\nts to real disease1 all 8 secret infirmities %[ !mselves4--,id4 ,no man rep5t$ ( 8 wick$ness4--,bible cor4 ,g "o way or o!r1 ei!r on ! "r h&1 or on ! left1--,id4 ,he lies d[n by ! riv]'s edge4 ,or3 ,he lays himself d[n on ! riv]'s br9k--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,= "s ye>s pa/1 ,i h _h an ard5t wi% to retire to "s ( our ,am]ican plantations4--,c[ley cor4 ,i fe> ?\ wilt %r9k f ! paym5t ( x4--,w>e cor4 ,we nev] reta9 an idea1 )\t acquir+ "s comb9ation4--,ripp+ham cor4 ,yet m2 ! /roke ( dea? he mu/ abide1 ,!n lies he meekly d[n1 fa/ by 8 bre?r5's side4 --,milton cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,( ,,v]bs ,,misappli$4 ,! p>liam5t confiscat$ ! prop]ty ( all ^? :o _h borne arms aga9/ ! k+4--,hume cor4 ,! practice ( confiscat+ %ips t _h be5 wreck$'--,id4 ,! ne>] 8 milit>y successes br\ght him to ! ?rone4 ,or3 ,! ne>]1 ?r\gh 8 milit>y successes1 he approa*$ ! ?rone4--,id4 ,9 ! next example1 'y' repres5ts 'ladies2' !re=e x is plural4--,kirkham cor4 ,! fir/ 'its' /&s = 'vale2' ! second 'its' repres5ts '/ream'4-- ,id4 ,pron\ns d n always prev5t ! repetition ( n\ns4--,id4 ,v is an adv]b ( degree2 x relates to ! adjective good--,id4 ,y w please to commit to memory ! foll[+ p>agraph4--,id4 ,ev5 ! ,greek & ,lat9 passive v]bs =m "s ( _! t5ses by means ( auxili>ies4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! depon5t v]bs 9 ,lat9 also employ auxili>ies to =m sev]al ( _! t5ses4--,id4 ,i h no d\bt he made z wise & true prov]bs1 z any body has made s9ce4--,id4 ,monoton\s deliv]y assumes z _m set =ms1 z ev] ,proteus did ( fleet+ %apes4--,kirkham cor4 ,:5 words 9 apposition are utt]$ 9 quick succession4--,nixon cor4 ,:]e _m su* s5t5ces occur 9 succession4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,wisdom leads u to speak & d :at is mo/ prop]4--,blair & ,l4 ,murray cor4 ,jul4 ,art ?\ n ,romeo1 & a ,montague8 ,rom4 ,nei!r1 fair sa9t1 if ei!r !e displease4 ,or3-- ,nei!r1 fair sa9t1 if ei!r ?\ dislike4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,passive ,,v]bs4 ,to u1 too1 mu/ be all[$ ! privilege ( =m+ our own laws4 ,or3 ,we too mu/ h ! privilege1 c4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,= n only is ! use ( all ! anci5t poetic feet all[$ to u1 c4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,by :at code ( morals is ! "r or privilege d5i$ me8--,b>tlett cor4 ,to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel alone1 has ! possession ( x be5 d5i$4--,kei? cor4 ,at ,york1 all qu>t] 0 refus$ to fifte5 hundr$ ,jews4--,id4 ,he w\ld tea* ! ,fr5* language 9 ?ree lessons1 provid$ !re 7 paid him fifty-five doll>s 9 advance4--,pr(4 ,*azotte cor4 ,& :5 x 0 dem&$ ( him by ! ,ph>isees1 :5 ! k+dom ( ,god %\ld come4 ,or3 ,& :5 ! ,ph>isees dem&$ ( him1 c4--,bible cor4 ,a book has be5 %[n me4--,dr4 ,campbell cor4 ,to ,john ,horne ,tooke admission 0 refus$1 only because he _h be5 9 holy ord]s4--,w4 ,duane cor4 ,mr4 ,horne ,tooke hav+ tak5 ord]s1 admission to ! b> 0 refus$ him4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,its ref]5ce to place is disreg>d$4--,dr4 ,bullions cor4 ,:at /rik+ lesson is taught by ! t5or ( ?is hi/ory8--,bu% cor4 ,no less a sum ?an eighty ?\s& p\nds _h be5 left him by a fri5d4--,dr4 ,prie/ley cor4 ,:]e !re are _m ?+s to be done1 !re mu/ be all[$ to ea* its %>e ( "t & lab\r4--,dr4 ,johnson cor4 ,pres5t+ ! subject 9 a f> m practical =m1 ?an has h]et(ore be5 giv5 x4--,kirkham cor4 ,if to a be+ ( entire imp>tiality %\ld be %[n ! two companies4--,dr4 ,scott cor4 ,! comm& ( ! ,briti% army 0 (f]$ to him4--,grim%aw cor4 ,to :om a consid]able sum _h be5 unexpect$ly left4--,johnson cor4 ,:e!r su* a privilege may be grant$ to a maid or a wid[4--,spect4 cor4 ,happily1 to all ^! affect$ t]ms1 ! public suffrage has be5 d5i$4--,campbell cor4 ,let ! p>s+ table next be %[n him4--,nutt+ cor4 ,!n ! use ( ! analyz+ table may be expla9$ to him4--,id4 ,to ,pittacus !re 0 (f]$ a great sum ( money4--,sanborn cor4 ,m "t = /udy _h be5 all[$ him4--,id4 ,if a little c>e 7 be/[$ on ! walks t lie betwe5 !m4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bbb4 ,suppose an (fice or a bribe be (f]$ me4--,pi]pont cor4 ,is !n "o *a/e1 "o la/ embrace d5i$8 ,%all ,i n lay me by 8 clay-cold side8--,r[e cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,( ,,passive ,,v]bs ,,transitive4 ,! preposition ,,to is us$ be=e n\ns ( place1 :5 !y foll[ v]bs or p>ticiples ( motion4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,!y 7 n all[$ to ent] ! h\se4--,mur4 cor4 ,_! sep>ate signification has be5 ov]look$4--,tooke cor4 ,b1 :5ev] ,,ye is us$1 x mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case1 & n 9 ! objective4--,cobbett cor4 ,x is said1 t m p]sons ?an "o receive h&some sal>ies1 to see t acts ( p>liam5t are prop]ly word$4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,! foll[+ ,rudim5ts ( ,engli% ,gramm> h be5 us$ 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4--,dr4 ,rog]s cor4 ,x nev] %\ld be =gott54-- ,newman cor4 ,a v curi\s fact has be5 notic$ by ^? exp]t metaphysicians4--,campbell cor4 ,! ar*bi%op int]f]$ t ,mi*elet's lectures might be /opp$4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,! di/urbances 9 ,gott5g5 h be5 entirely quell$4--,daily ,adv4 cor4 ,besides ^? :i* are notic$ 9 ^! exceptions4--,prie/ley cor4 ,z "o1 two1 or ?ree auxili>y v]bs are employ$4--,id4 ,! argum5ts :i* h be5 us$4--,addison cor4 ,! circum/ance is prop]ly notic$ by ! au?or4--,blair cor4 ,patagonia has nev] be5 tak5 into possession by any ,european nation4--,cumm+ cor4 ,he w be c5sur$ no m4--,walk] cor4 ,! ?+ 0 to be t]m9at$ someh[4--,hunt cor4 ,9 #agih1 ! ,papal ,t]ritory 0 seiz$ by ! ,fr5*4--,p9nock cor4 ,! idea has n = a mom5t escap$ ! att5tion ( ! ,bo>d4--,c4 ,s4 ,j\rnal cor4 ,i %all easily be excus$ f ! lab\r ( m transcription4--,johnson cor4 ,if ,i may be all[$ to use t expression4--,campbell cor4 ,if )\t (f5ce ,i may make ! obs]vation4--,id4 ,!re are o!r *>act]s1 :i* are frequ5tly us$ 9 composition4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,su* unacc\ntable infirmities might be ov]come1 9 _m cases1 & p]haps 9 mo/4--,beattie cor4 ,:i* ought nev] to be employ$1 or resort$ to4--,id4 ,t c>e may be tak5 ( ! wid[s4 ,or3 ,t ! wid[s may be provid$ =4--,b>clay cor4 ,o!r cavils w yet be notic$4--,pope cor4 ,:i* implies1 t to all ,*ri/ians is et]nal salvation (f]$4--,we/ cor4 ,yet ev5 ! dogs are all[$ to eat ! crumbs :i* fall f _! ma/]'s table4--,campbell cor4 ,= we say1 ! light )9 mu/ be he$$4--,b>clay cor4 ,?is s\nd ( a is notic$ 9 ,/eele's ,gramm>4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,"o came to receive t5 gu9eas = a pair ( silv] buckles4--,m4 ,edgewor? cor4 ,let !re=e ! application ( ! sev]al que/ions 9 ! table be c>efully %[n to him4--,nutt+ cor4 ,aft] a few times1 x is no long] notic$ by ! he>]s4--,%]idan cor4 ,x w n admit ( ! same excuse1 nor receive ! same indulg5ce1 f p ( any disc]nm5t4--,id4 ,( inanimate ?+s1 prop]ty may be made4 ,or3 ,inanimate ?+s may be made prop]ty2 i4e41 may become prop]ty4--,beattie cor4 ,&1 :5 "s rival bids a high] price1 ,w n be sluggi% 9 ! "w1 or nice4--,butl] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,p]fect ,,p>ticiples4 ,all ! words employ$ to d5ote spiritual or intellectual ?+s1 are 9 _! orig9 metaphors4--,dr4 ,campbell cor4 ,a reply to an argum5t commonly br\ght =w>d by unbeliev]s4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,x 0 once ! only =m us$ 9 ! pa/ t5ses4--,dr4 ,a% cor4 ,( ! po9ts & o!r *>act]s us$ 9 writ+4--,id4 ,if ,,?y be ! p]sonal pron\n adopt$4--,walk] cor4 ,! ,conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces4--,burn cor4 ,! po9ts :i* answ] ^! purposes1 are ! f\r foll[+4--,h>rison cor4 ,,inc5se signifies p]fume exhal$ by fire1 & us$ 9 religi\s c]emonies4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,9 mo/ ( 8 orations1 !re is too mu* art2 he c>ries x ev5 to o/5tation4--,blair cor4 ,to illu/rate ! great tru?1 s (t5 ov]look$ 9 our times4--,c4 ,s4 ,j\rnal cor4 ,! pr9cipal figures calculat$ to affect ! he>t1 are ,exclamation1 ,confession1 ,deprecation1 ,comm9ation1 & ,imprecation4--,=mey cor4 ,disgu/$ at ! odi\s artifices employ$ by ! judge4--,junius cor4 ,all ! reasons = :i* !re 0 allott$ to u a condition out ( :i* s mu* wick$ness & mis]y w\ld 9 fact arise4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,"s *>act]i/ical circum/ance be+ g5]ally inv5t$ or seiz$ ^u4--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,& ,,by is likewise us$ ) names t %ew ,! me?od or ! means ( :at we d4--,w>d cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,( ,,con/ructions ,,ambigu\s4 ,_m adv]bs admit ( degrees ( comp>ison1 z d adjectives4--,prie/ley cor4 ,b ! au?or :o1 by ! numb] & reputation ( 8 works1 did m ?an any "o else1 to br+ our language into its pres5t /ate1 0 ,dryd54--,blair cor4 ,9 "s /ates1 c\rts ( admiralty h no juries1 nor d c\rts ( *anc]y employ any at all4--,web/] cor4 ,i feel grateful to my fri5d4--,murray cor4 ,?is requires a writ] to h 9 8 own m9d a v cle> appreh5sion ( ! object :i* he means to pres5t to u4--,blair cor4 ,s5se has its own h>mony1 :i* naturally contributes some?+ to ! h>mony ( s\nd4--,id4 ,! apo/rophe d5otes ! omission ( an i1 :i* 0 =m]ly ins]t$1 & :i* gave to ! ^w an additional syllable4--,prie/ley cor4 ,!re are few to :om ,i c ref] ) m advantage ?an to ,mr4 ,addison4--,blair cor4 ,,dea?1 79 !ology17 is a p]petual sep>ation f ,god1 a /ate ( et]nal torm5ts4--,web/] cor4 ,t c\ld in=m ! travell] z well z c\ld ! old man himself6--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,( ,,ye ,,& ,,y ,,9 ,,scripture4 ,ye daught]s ( ,rabbah1 gird y ) sackclo?4--,,scott1 ,,fri5ds1 & ! ,,compreh5sive ,,bible3 ,j]41 xlix1 #c4 ,wa% y1 make y clean4--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,isaiah1 i1 #af4 ,/rip y1 & make y b>e1 & gird sackclo? ^u y\r lo9s4--,,scott1 ,,fri5ds1 ,,et ,,al43 ,isaiah1 xxxii1 #aa4 ,ye are n a%am$ t ye make y\rselves /range to me4--,,scott1 ,,bruce1 & ,,blayney3 ,job1 xix1 #c4 ,if ye knew ! gift ( ,god4 ,or3 ,if ?\ knew ! gift ( ,god4--,see ,john1 iv1 #aj4 ,dep>t f me1 ye work]s ( iniquity2 ,i "k y n4--,p5+ton cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi2 ,,( ,,same ,,cases4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,( ,,prop] ,,id5tity4 ,:o w\ld n say1 ',if x be ,i1' r ?an1 ',if x be me8--,prie/ley cor4 ,:o is !re8 ,x is ,i4--,id4 ,x is he4--,id4 ,are ^! ! h\ses y 7 speak+ (8 ,yes2 !y are ! same4--,id4 ,x is n ,i1 t y are 9 love )4--,addison cor4 ,x _c be ,i4--,swift cor4 ,to t :i* once 0 ?\4--,prior cor4 ,!re is b "o man t %e c h1 & t man is myself4--,prie/ley cor4 ,we ent]1 z x 71 into 8 body1 & become 9 "s measure he4 ,or1 bett]3--& become 9 "s measure id5tifi$ ) him4--,a4 ,smi? & ,prie/ley cor4 ,art ?\ pr\d yet8 ,ay1 t ,i am n ?\4--,%ak4 cor4 ,he knew n :o !y 74--,milnes cor4 ,:om d y ?9k me to be8--,dr4 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,:o d m5 say t ,i1 ! ,son ( man1 am8--,bible cor4 ,b :o say ye t ,i am8--,id4 ,:o ?9k ye t ,i am8 ,i am n he4--,id4 ,no2 ,i am 9 error2 ,i p]ceive x is n ! p]son t ,i suppos$ x 04--,w9t] 9 ,london cor4 ,& :ile x is ,he t ,i s]ve1 life is n )\t value4--,w>e cor4 ,)\t ev] dream+ x 0 he4--,*>les ,,xii cor4 ,or he 0 n ! illit]ate p]sonage t he affect$ to be4--,montgom4 cor4 ,yet 0 he ! man :o 0 to be ! greate/ apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles4--,b>clay cor4 ,sweet 0 ! ?rill+ ec/acy2 ,i "k n if 'twas love1 or ?\4--,j4 ,hogg cor4 ,"t 01 :5 none w\ld cry1 t oaf 0 ,i4--,dryd5 cor4 ,no matt] :]e ! vanqui%$ be1 or :o4--,r[e cor4 ,no2 ,i little ?\ght x _h be5 he4--,gratton cor4 ,t rev]5ce1 t godly fe>1 :i* is ev] due to ',him :o c de/roy bo? body & s\l 9 hell4'--,matur9 cor4 ,x is we t !y seek to please1 or r to a/oni%4--,j4 ,we/ cor4 ,let ! same be h] t ?\ ha/ appo9t$ = ?y s]vant ,isaac4--,bible cor4 ,al?\gh ,i knew x to be him4--,dick5s cor4 ,de> g5tle y\?1 is't none b ?\8--,dorset cor4 ,:o d !y say x is8--,f[l] cor4 ,^! are h] g>b1 n %e2 !y b express ,h] =m1 h] semblance1 h] appropriate dress4--,m cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,case ,,d\btful4 ,i _h no k ( any connexion betwe5 !m4--,col4 ,/one cor4 ,to promote iniquity 9 o!rs1 is ne>ly ! same ?+1 z to be ! actors ( x ourselves4 7,t is1 ,= u to promote iniquity 9 o!rs1 is ne>ly ! same ?+ z = u to be ! actors ( x ourselves47--,murray cor4 ,x mu/ arise f a delicate feel+ 9 ourselves4--,blair & ,murray cor4 ,because !re has n be5 ex]cis$ a compet5t physical p[] = _! en=cem5t4--,mass4 ,legisl4 cor4 ,,pupilage1 n4 ,! /ate ( a pupil1 or s*ol>4--,diction>ies cor4 ,!n ! o!r "p1 be+ ! def9ition1 w\ld include all v]bs1 ( e description4--,peirce cor4 ,john's fri5d%ip = me sav$ me f inconv5i5ce4--,id4 ,william's judge%ip--or1 ,william's appo9tm5t to ! (fice ( judge1--*ang$ 8 :ole demean\r4--,id4 ,william's practical acqua9tance ) tea*+1 0 ! cause ( ! int]e/ he felt4--,id4 ,to be b "o among _m1 /ifle? ! *id+s ( consci5ce4--,tupp] cor4 ,z = ! op9ion t x is a close translation1 ,i d\bt n t _m h be5 l$ into t error by ! %ortness ( x4--,pope cor4 ,all presumption t dea? is ! de/ruction ( liv+ be+s1 mu/ g ^u ! supposition t !y are comp\nd$1 & !re=e disc]ptible4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,?is argues r t !y are prop] names4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,b may x n be retort$1 t ?is gratification itself1 is t :i* excites our res5tm5t8--,campbell cor4 ,"u ! common notion1 t x is a sy/em ( ! :ole poetical art4--,blair cor4 ,^: want ( "t1 or ^: o!r circum/ances1 =bid !m to become classical s*ol>s4--,lit4 ,j\r4 cor4 ,x w\ld prove him n to h be5 a m]e fictiti\s p]sonage4 ,or3 ,x w\ld preclude ! notion t he 0 m]ely a fictiti\s p]sonage4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,= h]esy1 or "u pret5ce t !y are h]etics or infidels4--,oa? cor4 ,we may "h add ,dr4 ,horne's s]mon on ,*ri/1 z be+ ! ,object ( religi\s adoration4--,rel4 ,_w cor4 ,to say no?+ ( ,dr4 ,prie/ley1 z be+ a /r5u\s advocate1 c4--,id4 ,?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ,adam1 z be+ _! public head4 ,or3 ,because ,adam 0 _! public head4--,id4 ,objections aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( any su* moral plan z ?is4--,butl] cor4 ,a great] in/ance ( a man be+ a blockhead4--,spect4 cor4 ,we may insure or promote :at w make x a happy /ate ( exi/5ce to ourselves4--,gurney cor4 ,s9ce x (t5 und]goes ! same k9d ( unnatural treatm5t4--,kirkham cor4 ,_! app>5t fooli%ness--,_! appe>ance ( fooli%ness--or1 ,t !y appe> fooli%ness1--is no presumption aga9/ ?is4--,butl] cor4 ,b :at arises f !m z be+ (f5ces2 i4e41 f _! liability to be p]v]t$4--,id4 ,& he w5t into ! h\se ( a c]ta9 man nam$ ,ju/us1 "o t wor%ip$ ,god4--,acts cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,false ,,id5tification4 ,b popul>1 he obs]ves1 is an ambigu\s ^w4--,blair cor4 ,! inf9itive mood1 a phrase1 or a s5t5ce1 is (t5 made ! subject ( a v]b4--,murray cor4 ,:5 any p]son1 9 speak+1 introduces 8 "n aft] ! pron\n ,i1 x is ( ! fir/ p]son2 z1 ',i1 ,james1 ( ! city ( ,bo/on4'--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,! "n ( ! p]son spok5 to1 is ( ! second p]son2 z1 ',james1 come to me4'--,id4 ,! "n ( ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (1 or ab\t1 is ( ! ?ird p]son2 z1 ',james has come4'--,id4 ,! passive v]b has no object1 because its subject or nom9ative always repres5ts :at is act$ ^u1 & ! object ( a v]b mu/ ne$s be 9 ! objective case4--,id4 ,:5 a n\n is 9 ! nom9ative to an active v]b1 x d5otes ! actor4--,kirkham cor4 ,& ! pron\n ,,?\ or ,,ye1 /&+ = ! "n ( ! p]son or p]sons comm&$1 is its nom9ative4--,+]soll cor4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak]4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #cb4 ,! conjugation ( a v]b is a regul> arrangem5t ( its diff]5t v>iations or inflections ?r\gh\t ! moods & t5ses4--,wright cor4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak] or writ]4--,g4 ,,br[n3 = ! correction ( ,p>k] & ,fox1 ,hiley1 & ,sanborn4 ,! second p]son is t :i* d5otes ! he>]1 or ! p]son address$4--,id43 = ! same4 ,! ?ird p]son is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4--,id43 = ! same1 ,i is ( ! fir/ p]son1 s+ul>2 ,,we1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 plural4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,,?\ is ( ! second p]son1 s+ul>2 ,,ye or ,y1 ( ! second p]son1 plural4--,iid4 ,,he1 ,,%e1 or ,,x1 is ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul>2 ,,!y1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural4--,iid4 ,! nom9ative case d5otes ! actor1 & is ! subject ( ! v]b4--,kirkham cor4 ,john is ! actor1 !re=e ! n\n ,,john is 9 ! nom9ative case4--,id4 ,! actor is always express$ by ! nom9ative case1 unless ! v]b be passive4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,! nom9ative case does n always d5ote an ag5t or actor4--,mack cor4 ,9 m5tion+ ea* "n1 tell ! "p ( spee*4--,john ,fl9t cor4 ,( :at numb] is boy8 ,:y8--,id4 ,( :at numb] is p5s8 ,:y8--,id4 ,! speak] is d5ot$ by ! fir/ p]son2 ! p]son spok5 to is d5ot$ by ! second p]son2 & ! p]son or ?+ spok5 ( is d5ot$ by ! ?ird p]son4--,id4 ,:at n\ns are ( ! mascul9e g5d]8 ,! names ( all males are ( ! mascul9e g5d]4--,id4 ,an int]jection is a ^w t is utt]$ m]ely to indicate "s /rong or sudd5 emotion ( ! m9d4--,g4 ,br[n's ,gramm>s4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii2 ,,( ,,objectives4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,( ,,! ,,objective ,,9 ,,=m4 ,b ,i d n rememb] :om !y 7 =4--,abbott cor4 ,b if y c't help x1 :om d y compla9 (8--,colli] cor4 ,:om 0 x f8 & :at 0 x ab\t8--,m4 ,edgewor? cor4 ,i h pl5ty ( victuals1 &1 betwe5 y & me1 some?+ 9 a corn]4--,day cor4 ,! upp] "o1 :om ,i am n[ ab\t to speak (4--,leigh ,hunt cor4 ,& to poor u1 ?y enmity is mo/ capital4--,%ak4 cor4 ,:i*1 ?\ do/ confess1 'tw]e fit = !e to use1 z !m to claim4 ,t is1--z = !m to claim4--,id4 ,to beg ( !e1 x is my m di%on\r1 ?an !e ( !m4 ,t is1--?an = !e to beg ( !m4--,id4 ,!re are /ill a few1 :o1 l !e & me1 dr9k no?+ b wat]4--,gil ,bias cor4 ,?us1 ',i %all fall1'--',?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r1'--',he %all be rew>d$1'--express no resolution on ! "p ( me1 !e1 or him4 ,or bett]3--on ! "p ( ! p]sons signifi$ by ! nom9atives1 ,i1 ,?\1 ,he4--,l5nie & ,bullions cor4 ,s saucy ) ! h& ( h] "h--:at's h] "n8--,%ak4 cor4 ,all debts are cle>$ betwe5 y & me4--,id4 ,h] price is paid1 & %e is sold l !e4--,,h>rison',s ,e4 ,lang41 p4 #agb4 ,se>* ?r\gh all ! mo/ fl\ri%+ eras ( ,greece4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,! family ( ! ,rudolphs has be5 long di/+ui%$4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,x w d well en\gh = y & me4--,edgewor? cor4 ,! public w soon discrim9ate betwe5 him :o is ! sycophant1 & him :o is ! tea*]4--,*azotte cor4 ,we are /ill mu* at a loss to det]m9e :om civil p[] belongs to4--,locke cor4 ,:at d y call x8 & to :om does x belong8--,colli] cor4 ,he _h receiv$ no lessons f ! ,socrateses1 ! ,platoes1 & ! ,confuciuses ( ! age4--,hall] cor4 ,i _c tell :om to comp>e !m to4--,bunyan cor4 ,i see !re 0 "s resemblance betwixt ?is good man & me4--,id4 ,!y1 by ^? means1 h br\ght !mselves into ! h&s & h\se ( ,i d n "k :om4--,id4 ,b at l5g? %e said1 !re 0 a great deal ( diff]5ce betwe5 ,mr4 ,cotton & u4--,hut*4 ,hi/4 cor4 ,s y mu/ ride on horseback aft] u4--,mrs4 ,gilp9 cor4 ,a sep>ation mu/ soon take place betwe5 our m9i/] & me1--,w]t] cor4 ,:5 %e exclaim$ on ,ha/+s1 y1 & me4--,%ak4 cor4 ,to :om8 to !e8 ,:at art ?\8--,id4 ,t !y %\ld always be> ! c]ta9 m>ks ( him f :om !y came4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,?is life has joys = y & me1 ,& joys t ri*es ne'er c\ld buy4--,burns cor4 ,,"u ,,! ,,note4--,,( ,,"t ,,or ,,measure4 ,su* z almo/ e *ild1 t5 ye>s old1 kn[s4--,t[n cor4 ,f\r mon?s' s*ool+ w c>ry any indu/ri\s s*ol>1 ( t5 or twelve ye>s ( age1 completely ?r\gh ?is book4--,id4 ,a boy ( six ye>s ( age may be taught to speak z correctly1 z ,cic]o did be=e ! ,roman s5ate4--,web/] cor4 ,a lad ab\t twelve ye>s old1 :o 0 tak5 captive by ! ,indians4--,id4 ,( no?+ else ?an t individual :ite figure ( five in*es 9 l5g?1 :i* is be=e him4--,campbell cor4 ,:]e lies ! fault1 t boys ( eight or t5 ye>s ( age are ) great difficulty made to und]/& any ( its pr9ciples8--,guy cor4 ,:]e language ?ree c5turies old is employ$4--,boo? cor4 ,let a gall[s be made1 ( fifty cubits 9 height4 ,or3 ,let a gall[s fifty cubits high be made4--,bible cor4 ,i say to ?is *ild1 n9e ye>s old1 ',br+ me t hat4' ,he ha/5s1 & br+s x me4--,osborn cor4 ',he laid a floor1 twelve feet long1 & n9e feet wide3' t is1 ! floor 0 long to ! ext5t ( twelve feet1 & wide to ! ext5t ( n9e feet4--,m]*ant cor4 ,! ,g\lah p are a tribe ( ab\t fifty ?\s& 9 /r5g?4 ,or3 ,! ,g\lah p are a tribe ab\t fifty ?\s& /rong4--,exam9] cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii2 ,,nom4 ,,absolute4 ,he hav+ end$ 8 disc\rse1 ! assembly disp]s$4--,in/4 ( ,e4 ,g41 p4 #aij4 ,i be+ "y1 !y deceiv$ me4--,ib41 p4 #bgi4 ,!y refus+ to comply1 ,i )drew4--,ib4 ,?\ be+ pres5t1 he w\ld n tell :at he knew4--,ib4 ,! *ild is lo/2 & ,i1 :i!r %all ,i g8--,ib4 ,o happy we6 surr\nd$ ) s _m bless+s4--,ib4 ',?\ too6 ,brutus1 my son6' cri$ ,cs>1 ov]come4--,ib4 ,?\6 ,m>ia6 & s late6 & :o is ?y companion8--,mirror cor4 ,h[ swiftly our "t passes away6 & ah6 we1 h[ little conc]n$ to improve x6--,gre5leaf's ,false ,syntax1 ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,!re all ?y gifts & graces we display1 ,?\1 only ?\1 direct+ all our way4--,pope1 ,dunciad4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,adjectives4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,ix4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,agreem5t4 ,i am n recomm5d+ ?is k9d ( suff]+s to y\r lik+4--,%]lock cor4 ,i h n be5 to ,london ^! five ye>s4--,web/] cor4 ,v]bs ( ?is k9d are m expressive ?an _! radicals4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,few ( u w\ld be less corrupt$ ?an k+s are1 7 we1 l !m1 beset ) flatt]]s1 & poison$ ) ^? v]m94--,kames cor4 ,b x seems ^! lit]ati _h be5 v ill rew>d$ = _! +5i\s lab\rs4--,r4 ,r&om cor4 ,if ,i _h n left (f tr\bl+ myself ab\t ?+s ( t k9d4--,swift cor4 ,= ?+s ( ?is sort are usually jo9$ to ! mo/ not$ =tune4--,bacon cor4 ,! nature ( ^? ri*es & t long-suff]+1 is1 to lead to rep5tance4--,b>clay cor4 ,i fancy x is ?is k9d ( gods1 t ,horace m5tions4--,addison cor4 ,dur+ ^? eight days1 !y are prohibit$ f t\*+ ! sk94--,hope ( ,is4 cor4 ,besides1 he _h b a small quantity ( provisions left = 8 army4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,are y n a%am$ to h no o!r ?\ghts ?an ^? ( amass+ weal?1 & ( acquir+ glory1 cr$it1 & dignities8--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #aae4 ,x di/+ui%es /ill m rem>kably ! feel+s ( ! =m] f ^? ( ! latt]4--,kames cor4 ,& ^! good tid+s ( ! reign %all be publi%$ ?r\gh all ! _w4--,campbell cor4 ,^! tw5ty ye>s h ,i be5 ) !e4--,g54 cor4 ,9 ?is k9d ( expressions1 "s words seem to be und]/ood4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,he ?\ght ?is k9d ( excesses indicative ( greatness4--,hunt cor4 ,?is sort ( fell[s is v num]\s4 ,or ?us3 ,fell[s ( ?is sort are v num]\s4--,spect4 cor4 ,:]eas m5 ( ?is sort _c give acc\nt ( _! fai?4 ,or3 ,:]eas ^! m5 _c give acc\nt ( _! fai?4--,b>clay cor4 ,b ! "q is1 :e!r ^? are ! words4--,id4 ,s t expressions ( ?is sort are n prop]ly optative4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,_m ?+s are n su* z !y appe> to be4--,sanborn cor4 ,s t all possible means are us$4--,=mey cor4 ,we h /rict /atutes1 & mo/ bit+ laws1 ,:i* = ^! n9ete5 ye>s we h let sleep4--,%ak4 cor4 ,!y c\ld n speak1 & s ,i left !m bo?1 ,to be> ^! tid+s to ! bloody k+4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,fix$ ,,numb]s4 ,:y1 ,i ?9k %e _c be above six feet two in*es high4--,spect4 cor4 ,! _w is pretty regul> = ab\t =ty rods ea/ & t5 we/4--,id4 ,! /&>d be+ m ?an two feet above x4--,bacon cor4 ,suppos+1 among o!r ?+s1 t he saw two suns1 & two ,!beses4--,id4 ,on ! "r h& we g into a p>l\r ?irty-?ree feet by ?irty-n9e4--,%effield cor4 ,?ree p\nds ( gold w5t to "o %ield4--#a ,k+s cor4 ,su* an assemblage ( m5 z !re appe>s to h be5 at t session4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,&1 truly1 he has sav$ me f ?is lab\r4--,b>clay cor4 ,)9 ^! ?ree miles may y see x com+4--,%ak4 cor4 ,mo/ ( ! *ur*es1 n all1 _h "o rul+ eld] or m4--,hut*4 cor4 ,:ile a ,m9ute ,philosoph]1 n six feet high1 attempts to de?rone ! ,mon>* ( ! univ]se4--,b]kley cor4 ,! wall is t5 feet high4--,h>rison cor4 ,! /alls mu/ be t5 feet broad4--,walk] cor4 ,a close prison] 9 a room tw5ty feet squ>e1 be+ at ! nor? side ( 8 *amb]1 is at lib]ty to walk tw5ty feet s\?w>d1 n to walk tw5ty feet nor?w>d4--,locke cor4 ,nor1 aft] all ?is c>e & indu/ry1 did !y ?9k !mselves qualifi$4--,c4 ,orator cor4 ,no few] ?an ?irte5 ,gypsies 7 condemn$ at "o ,suffolk assize1 & execut$4--,web/] cor4 ,! k+ 0 petition$ to appo9t "o p]son or m4--,mrs4 ,macaulay cor4 ,he c>ries weight6 he rides a race6 ',tis = a ?\s& p\nds4--,c[p] cor4 ,!y c>ry ?ree ti]s ( guns at ! head1 & at ! /]n1 two ti]s--,joh4 ,dict4 cor4 ,! v]ses consi/ ( two sorts ( rhymes4--,=mey cor4 ,a pres5t ( =ty camel-loads ( ! mo/ preci\s ?+s ( ,syria4--,wood's ,dict4 cor4 ,a l>ge gramm>1 t %all ext5d to e m9utia--,s4 ,b>rett cor4 ,s _m spots1 l nves on ,v5us' soil1 ,"o gem set (f ) _m a glitt'r+ foil4--,dryd5 cor4 ,=1 (f ! end1 a d\ble h&ful ,x _h dev\r'd1 x 0 s manful4--,butl] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,( ,,reciprocals4 ,t %all & w might be sub/itut$ "o = ! o!r4--,prie/ley cor4 ,we use n %all & w promiscu\sly ! "o = ! o!r4--,brightl& cor4 ,b ,i wi% to di/+ui% ! ?ree high ones f "o an o!r also4--,f[le cor4 ,or on "s o!r relation :i* two objects be> to ea* o!r4--,blair cor4 ,yet ! two words lie s ne> to ea* o!r 9 mean+1 t1 9 ! pres5t case1 p]haps ei!r ( !m w\ld h be5 suffici5t4--,id4 ,bo? orators use great lib]ties 9 _! treatm5t ( ea* o!r4--,id4 ,t great] sep>ation ( ! two sexes f ea* o!r4--,id4 ,mo/ ( :om live remote f "o an o!r4--,web/] cor4 ,tea*]s l to see _! pupils polite to "o an o!r--,id4 ,9 a little "t1 he & ,i mu/ keep company ) ea* o!r only4--,spect4 cor4 ,?\ghts & circum/ances cr[d ^u "o an o!r4--,kames cor4 ,!y _c p]ceive h[ ! anci5t ,greeks c\ld und]/& "o an o!r4--,lit4 ,conv4 cor4 ,! poet1 ! patriot1 & ! prophet1 vi$ ) "o an o!r 9 8 brea/4--,hazlitt cor4 ,a?amas & ,ino lov$ ea* o!r4--,c4 ,tales cor4 ,:]e two ?+s are comp>$ or contra/$ "o ) ! o!r4 ,or3 ,:]e two ?+s1 are comp>$ or contra/$ ) ea* o!r4--,blair & ,mur4 cor4 ,9 ! classification ( words1 almo/ all writ]s diff] f "o an o!r4--,bullions cor4 ,i w n tr\ble !e1 my *ild4 ,f>ewell2 ,we'll no m meet2 we'll no m see ea* o!r4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,comp>atives4 ,errors 9 education %\ld be less indulg$ ?an any o!rs4--,locke cor4 ,?is 0 less 8 case ?an any o!r man's t ev] wrote4--,pref4 to ,wall] cor4 ,?is trade enri*$ "s o!r p m ?an x enri*$ !m4--,mur4 cor4 ,! ,*aldee alphabet1 9 :i* ! ,old ,te/am5t has rea*$ u1 is m beautiful ?an any o!r anci5t "* kn[n4--,wilson cor4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion gives a m lovely "* ( ,god1 ?an any o!r religion ev] did4--,murray cor4 ,! temple ( ,*olula 0 deem$ m holy ?an any o!r 9 ,new ,spa94--,rob]tson cor4 ,cibb] grants x to be a bett] poem ( its k9d ?an any o!r t ev] 0 writt5--,pope cor4 ,%akspe>e is m fai?ful to ! true language ( nature1 ?an any o!r writ]4--,blair cor4 ,"o son ,i _h--"o1 m ?an all my o!r sons1 ! /r5g? ( ,troy4 ,or3 ,"o son ,i _h--"o1 ! mo/ ( all my sons1 ! /r5g? ( ,troy4--,c[p] cor4 ,n[ ,israel lov$ ,joseph m ?an all 8 o!r *ildr51 because he 0 ! son ( 8 old age4--,bible cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,( ,,sup]latives4 ,( all simpletons1 he 0 ! greate/--,nutt+ cor4 ,( all be+s1 man has c]ta9ly ! greate/ reason = gratitude4--,id4 ,?is lady is pretti] ?an any ( h] si/]s4--,peyton cor4 ,! relation :i*1 ( all ! class1 is by f> ! mo/ fruitful ( tropes1 ,i h n yet m5tion$4--,blair cor4 ,he /udi$ ,greek ! mo/ ( all noblem54--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,& inde$ t 0 ! qualification :i* 0 mo/ want$ at t "t4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,yet we d5y t ! k ( him z outw>dly crucifi$1 is ! be/ ( all k ( him4--,b>clay cor4 ,our ideas ( numb]s are1 ( all our conceptions1 ! mo/ accurate & di/9ct--,duncan cor4 ,?is inde$ is1 ( all cases1 ! "o 9 :i* x is lea/ necess>y to "n ! ag5t--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,! p]iod to :i* y h arriv$1 is p]haps ! mo/ critical & important mom5t ( y\r lives4--,id4 ,p]ry's royal octavo is e/eem$ ! be/ ( all ! pron\nc+ diction>ies yet kn[n4--,d4 ,h4 ,b>nes cor4 ,?is is ! t5? p]secution1 &1 ( all ! t5 ! mo/ bloody4--,sammes cor4 ,! ,engli% tongue is ! mo/ susceptible ( sublime imag]y1 ( all ! languages 9 ! _w4--,bucke cor4 ,( all writ]s :atev]1 ,hom] is univ]sally all[$ to h _h ! greate/ ,inv5tion4--,pope cor4 ,9 a v]sion ( ?is p>ticul> "w1 :i*1 m ?an any o!r1 seems to require a v5]able1 antique ca/4--,id4 ,because ,i ?9k him ! be/-in=m$ naturali/ t has ev] writt54--,jeff]son cor4 ,man is capable ( be+ ! mo/ social ( all animals4--,%]idan cor4 ,x is1 ( all signs 7or expressions7 t :i* mo/ moves u4--,id4 ,:i*1 ( all articles1 is ! mo/ necess>y4--,id4 ,quo? he1 ',?is gambol ?\ advise/1 ,is1 ( all projects1 ! unwise/4'--,s4 ,butl] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,inclusive ,,t]ms4 ,noah & 8 family 7 ! only ant$iluvians :o surviv$ ! flood4--,web/] cor4 ,i ?9k x sup]ior to any o!r gramm> t we h yet _h4--,blair cor4 ,we h _h no o!r gramm>ian :o has employ$ s mu* lab\r & judgem5t ^u our native language1 z has ! au?or ( ^! volumes4--,briti% ,critic cor4 ,^? p]sons feel mo/ = ! di/resses ( o!rs1 :o h exp]i5c$ di/resses !mselves4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,nev] 0 any o!r p s mu* infatuat$ z ! ,jewi% nation4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,no o!r tongue is s full ( connective p>ticles z ! ,greek4--,blair cor4 ,nev] 0 sov]eign s mu* belov$ by ! p4 ,or3 ,nev] 0 any o!r sov]eign s mu* belov$ by 8 p4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,no?+ else ev] affect$ h] s mu* z ?is misconduct ( h] *ild4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,( all ! figures ( spee*1 no o!r comes s ne> to pa9t+ z does metaphor4--,blair et al4 cor4 ,i "k no o!r writ] s happy 9 8 metaphors z is ,mr4 ,addison4--,blair cor4 ,( all ! ,engli% au?ors1 none is m happy 9 8 metaphors ?an ,addison4--,jamieson cor4 ,p]haps no o!r writ] 9 ! _w 0 ev] s frugal ( 8 words z ,ari/otle4--,blair & ,jamieson cor4 ,nev] 0 any o!r writ] s happy 9 t concise & spirit$ /yle1 z ,mr4 ,pope4--,blair cor4 ,9 ! h>moni\s /ructure & disposition ( 8 p]iods1 no o!r writ] :atev]1 anci5t or mod]n1 equals ,cic]o4--,blair & ,jamieson cor4 ,no?+ else delights me s mu* z ! works ( nature4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,no p]son 0 ev] m p]plex$ ?an he has be5 to-day4--,id4 ,9 no o!r case are writ]s s apt to err1 z 9 ! position ( ! ^w only4--,maund] cor4 ,= no?+ is m tiresome ?an p]petual uni=mity4--,blair cor4 ,naught else sublimes ! _s1 sets x free1 ,l sacr$ & s\l-mov+ poesy4--,%effield cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,extra ,,comp>isons4 ,h[ mu* bett] are ye ?an ! f[ls6--,bible cor4 ,d n ?\ ha/5 above ! ,mo/ ,high4--,esdras cor4 ,?is ^w1 ,,pe]1 is pr9cipally us$ = ! nobility ( ! realm4--,c[ell cor4 ,because ! same is n only mo/ g5]ally receiv$1 c4--,b>clay cor4 ,?is is1 ,i say1 n ! be/ & mo/ important evid5ce4--,id4 ,(f] unto ,god ?anksgiv+1 & pay ?y v[s unto ! ,mo/ ,high4--,! ,psalt] cor4 ,! holy place ( ! tab]nacle ( ! ,mo/ ,high4--,id4 ,z boys %\ld be educat$ ) temp]ance1 s ! fir/ great lesson t %\ld be taught !m1 is1 to admire frugality4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,m g5]al t]ms are put = su* z are m re/rict$4--,rev4 ,j4 ,br[n cor4 ,?is1 ?is 0 ! unk9de/ cut ( all4--,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #cec4 ,to take ! base/ & mo/ squalid %ape4--,%ak4 cor4 ,i'll =be>3 ,i h fall5 out ) my m heady w4--,id4 ,! p[] ( ! ,mo/ ,high gu>d !e f s94--,p]cival cor4 ,:i* title _h be5 m true1 if ! diction>y _h be5 9 ,lat9 & ,wel%4--,v]/egan cor4 ,! wat]s are froz5 soon] & h>d]1 ?an fur!r upw>d1 )9 ! inl&s4--,id4 ,at e desc5t1 ! wor/ may become m deprav$4--,mann cor4 ,or z a moat def5sive to a h\se ,aga9/ ! envy ( less happy l&s4--,%ak4 cor4 ,a dreadful quiet felt1 & worse by f> ,?an arms1 a sull5 int]val ( w>4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,adjectives ,,connect$4 ,x breaks =? 9 its highe/1 mo/ en]getic1 & mo/ impassion$ /ra94--,kirkham cor4 ,he has fall5 into ! vile/ & grosse/ sort ( rail+4--,b>clay cor4 ,to receive t high] & m g5]al in/ruction :i* ! public af=ds4--,j4 ,o4 ,taylor cor4 ,if ! be/ ?+s h ! be/ & mo/ p]fect op]ations4--,hook] cor4 ,x became ! pla9e/ & mo/ elegant1 ! ri*e/ & mo/ spl5did1 ( all languages4--,bucke cor4 ,b ! pr9cipal & mo/ frequ5t use ( pauses1 is1 to m>k ! divisions ( ! s5se4--,blair cor4 ,t e ?+ belong+ to ourselves is ! be/ & ! mo/ p]fect4-- ,cl>kson cor4 ,& to in/ruct _! pupils 9 ! be/ & mo/ ?or\gh mann]4--,s*ool ,committee cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,adjectives ,,sup]add$4 ,! ,fa!r is figur$ out z a v5]able old man4--,br[nlee cor4 ,!re nev] 0 exhibit$ an o!r su* ma/]piece ( gho/ly assurance4--,id4 ,aft] ! fir/ ?ree s5t5ces1 ! "q is entirely lo/4--,spect4 cor4 ,! la/ f\r p>ts ( spee* are commonly call$ p>ticles4--,al4 ,murray cor4 ,! la/ two *apt]s w n be f\nd defici5t 9 ?is respect4--,todd cor4 ,write ^u y\r slates a li/ ( ! fir/ t5 n\ns4--,j4 ,abbott cor4 ,we h a few rema9s ( two o!r ,greek poets 9 ! pa/oral /yle1 ,mos*us & ,bion4--,blair cor4 ,! fir/ n9e *apt]s ( ! book ( ,prov]bs are highly poetical4--,id4 ,=1 ( ^! five heads1 only ! fir/ two h any p>ticul> relation to ! sublime4--,id4 ,! resembl+ s\nds ( ! la/ two syllables give a ludicr\s air to ! :ole4--,kames cor4 ,! la/ ?ree are arbitr>y4--,id4 ,b 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',%e hangs ! curta9s1' hangs is an active-transitive v]b4--,comly cor4 ,if our def9ition ( a v]b1 & ! arrangem5t ( active-transitive1 active-intransitive1 passive1 & neut] v]bs1 are prop]ly und]/ood4--,id4 ,^! la/ two l9es h an emb>rass+ con/ruction4--,ru% cor4 ,god 0 provok$ to dr[n !m all1 b ,noah & sev5 o!r p]sons4--,wood cor4 ,! fir/ six books ( ! neid are extremely beautiful4--,=mey cor4 ,only a few in/ances m c "h be giv54--,murray cor4 ,a few ye>s m w oblit]ate e ve/ige ( a subjunctive =m4--,nutt+ cor4 ,"s def9e !m to be v]bs devoid ( ! fir/ two p]sons4--,crombie cor4 ,9 an o!r su* ,essay-tract z ?is4--,:ite cor4 ,b we fe> t n an o!r su* man is to be f\nd4--,edw>d ,irv+ cor4 ,o = an o!r su* sleep1 t ,i might see an o!r su* man6 ,or1 to pres]ve poetic measure1 say3-- ,o = su* sleep aga91 t ,i might see ,an o!r su* man1 ?\gh b 9 a dream6--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,adjectives ,,= ,,adv]bs4 ,! is an article1 relat+ to ! n\n balm1 agreeably to ,rule #aa?4--,comly cor4 ,wise is an adjective1 relat+ to ! n\n man's1 agreeably to ,rule #aa?4--,id4 ,to :om ,i obs]v$1 t ! be] 0 extremely good4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,he writes v elegantly4 ,or3 ,he writes ) rem>kable elegance4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,john behaves v civilly 7or1 ) true civility7 to all m54--,id4 ,all ! sorts ( words hi!rto consid]$1 h ea* ( !m "s mean+1 ev5 :5 tak5 sep>ately4--,beattie cor4 ,he behav$ himself con=mably to t bless$ example4--,sprat cor4 ,m>vell\sly graceful4-- ,cl>5don cor4 ,! ,que5 hav+ *ang$ h] m9i/ry1 suitably to h] wisdom4--,swift cor4 ,! ass]tions ( ?is au?or are m easily detect$4--,id4 ,! *>act]i/ic ( 8 sect all[$ him to affirm no m /rongly ?an t4--,b5tley cor4 ,if "o au?or _h spok5 m nobly & l(tily ?an an o!r4--,id4 ,x5ophon says expressly4-- ,id4 ,i c nev] ?9k s v meanly ( him4--,id4 ,to conv9ce all t are ungodly among !m1 ( all _! ungodly de$s1 :i* !y h impi\sly committ$4--,bible cor4 ,i ?9k x v ably writt54 ,or3 ,i ?9k x writt5 9 a v ma/]ly mann]4--,swift cor4 ,! :ole design mu/ ref] to ! gold5 age1 :i* x repres5ts 9 a lively mann]4--,addison cor4 ,agreeably to ?is1 we read ( names be+ blott$ out ( ,god's book4--,burd] et al4 cor4 ,agreeably to ! law ( nature1 *ildr5 are b\nd to support _! indig5t p>5ts4--,paley4 ,words tak5 indep5d5tly ( _! mean+1 are p>s$ z n\ns ( ! neut] g5d]4--,maltby cor4 ,conceit 9 weake/ bodies /ronglie/ works4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,!m ,,= ,,^?4 ,?\gh he 0 n kn[n by ^? lett]s1 or ! "n ,,*ri/4--,bayly cor4 ,9 a gig1 or "s ( ^? ?+s4 ,bett]3 ,9 a gig1 or "s su* vehicle4--,m4 ,edgewor? cor4 ,:5 cross-exam9$ by ^? lawy]s4--,same4 ,z ! cu/om 9 ^? cases is4--,same4 ,if y _h li/5$ to ^? sl&]s4--,same4 ,! old p 7 tell+ /ories ab\t ^? fairies2 b1 to ! be/ ( my judgem5t1 !re is no?+ 9 !m4--,same4 ,& is x n a pity t ! ,quak]s h no bett] au?ority to sub/antiate _! pr9ciples1 ?an ! te/imony ( ^? old ,ph>isees8--,hibb>d cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,?is ,,& ,,t4 ,hope is z /rong an inc5tive to action1 z fe>3 t is ! anticipation ( good1 ?is ( evil4--,in/41 p4 #bfe4 ,! poor want "s advantages :i* ! ri* enjoy2 b we %\ld n !re=e acc\nt ^! happy1 & ^? mis]able4--,in/41 p4 #bff4 ,ell5 & ,m>g>et1 fe>fully1 ,s\ght com=t 9 ea* o!r's eye2 ,!n turn$ _! gha/ly look ea* "o1 ,t to h] sire1 ?is to h] son4--,scott cor4 ,six y\?ful sons1 z _m bloom+ maids1 ,9 "o sad day beheld ! ,/ygian %ades2 ,^? by ,apollo's silv] b[ 7 sla91 ,^! ,cyn?ia's arr[s /ret*'d ^u ! pla94--,pope cor4 ,memory & =eca/ j returns engage1 ,t po9t+ back to y\?1 ?is on to age4--,pope1 on ,man4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,ei!r ,,& ,,nei!r4 ,^! make ! ?ree great subjects ( discussion among mank9d2 namely1 tru?1 duty1 & int]e/3 b ! argum5ts direct$ t[>ds any ( !m are g5]ically di/9ct4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,a ?\s& o!r deviations may be made1 & /ill any ( ! acc\nts may be correct 9 pr9ciple2 = all ^! divisions1 & _! te*nical t]ms1 are arbitr>y4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5 cor4 ,?us x appe>s1 t our alphabet is defici5t2 z x has b sev5 v[els to repres5t ?irte5 diff]5t s\nds2 & has no lett] to repres5t any ( five simple consonant s\nds4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,!n none ( ^! five v]bs c be neut]4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,& ! ass]tor#ecd is 9 none ( ! f\r already m5tion$4--,id4 ,z x is n 9 any ( ^! f\r4--,id4 ,see :e!r or n ! ^w comes )9 ! def9ition ( any ( ! o!r ?ree simple cases4--,id4 ,no "o ( ! t5 0 !re4--,frazee cor4 ,"h are t5 oranges1 take any "o ( !m4--,id4 ,!re are ?ree modes1 by any ( :i* recollection w g5]ally be suppli$2 incl9ation1 practice1 & association4--,ripp+ham cor4 ,words n r$ucible to any ( ! ?ree prec$+ heads4--,f[l] cor4 ,n[ a s5t5ce may be analyz$ 9 ref]5ce to any ( ^! f\r classes4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,:ole1 ,,less1 ,,m1 ,,& ,,mo/4 ,does n all proce$ f ! law1 :i* regulates all ! dep>tm5ts ( ! /ate8--,blair cor4 ,a mess5g] relates to ,!seus all ! p>ticul>s4--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,!re are no few] ?an tw5ty-n9e diph?ongs 9 ! ,engli% language4--,a% cor4 ,! ,r$cross ,knight runs ?r\gh all ! /eps ( ! ,*ri/ian life4--,spect4 cor4 ,!re 7 n few] ?an fifty or sixty p]sons pres5t4--,mills & ,m]*ant cor4 ,great] exp]i5ce1 & a m cultivat$ /ate ( society1 abate ! w>m? ( imag9ation1 & *a/5 ! mann] ( expression4--,blair & ,murray cor4 ,by :i* means1 k1 r ?an oratory1 has become ! pr9cipal requisite4--,blair cor4 ,no few] ?an sev5 illu/ri\s cities disput$ ! "r ( hav+ giv5 bir? to ! greate/ ( poets4--,lempri]e cor4 ,temp]ance1 r ?an m$ic9es1 is ! prop] means ( cur+ _m diseases4--,murray cor4 ,i d n suppose1 t we ,britons are m defici5t 9 g5ius ?an our neighb\rs4--,id4 ,9 :i*1 he says1 he has f\nd no few] ?an twelve untru?s4--,b>clay cor4 ,! sev]al places ( r5dezv\s 7 conc]t$1 & all ! op]ations 7 fix$4--,hume cor4 ,9 ^! rigid op9ions1 all ! sect>ies concurr$4--,id4 ,out ( ^: modifications h be5 made ne>ly all complex modes4--,locke cor4 ,! ,*9ese v>y ea* ( _! words on no few] ?an five diff]5t tones4--,blair cor4 ,^! p1 ?\gh !y possess bright] qualities1 are n s pr\d z he is1 nor s va9 z %e4--,murray cor4 ,x is c]ta91 t we believe our own judgem5ts m firmly1 aft] we h made a ?or\gh inquiry into ! ?+s4--,brightl& cor4 ,z well z ! :ole c\rse & all ! reasons ( ! op]ation4--,id4 ,^? rules & pr9ciples :i* are ( ! greate/ practical advantage4--,newman cor4 ,& all curse %all be no m4--,rev4 cor4--7,see ! ,greek47 ,& dea? %all be no m4--,id4 ,b1 9 recomp5se1 we h pleasant] pictures ( anci5t mann]s4--,blair cor4 ,our language has suff]$ a great] numb] ( injuri\s *anges 9 ,am]ica1 s9ce ! ,briti% army l&$ on our %ores1 ?an x _h suff]$ be=e1 9 ! p]iod ( ?ree c5turies4--,web/] cor4 ,all ! conv5i5ces ( life are d]iv$ f mutual aid & support 9 society4--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,p>ticipial ,,adjectives4 ,to su* z ?9k ! nature ( x des]v+ ( _! att5tion4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,9 all po9ts1 m des]v+ ( ! approbation ( _! read]s4--,keepsake cor4 ,b to give way to *ildi% s5sations1 0 unbecom+ to our nature4--,lempri]e cor4 ,! foll[+ extracts are des]v+ ( ! s]i\s p]usal ( all4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,no inquiry into wisdom1 h[ev] sup]ficial1 is undes]v+ ( att5tion4--,bulw] cor4 ,! op9ions ( illu/ri\s m5 are des]v+ ( great consid]ation4--,port] cor4 ,& resolutely keep its laws4 ,unc>+ = consequ5ces4 ,or3--,n he$+ consequ5ces4--,burns cor4 ,?is is an item t is des]v+ ( m att5tion4--,goodell cor4 ,leave !n ?y joys1 unsuit+ to su* age3--,or1 ,leave !n ?y joys n suit+ su* an age1 ,to a fre% com]1 & resign ! /age4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvi4--,,figure ,,( ,,adjectives4 ,! tall d>k m\nta9s & ! deep-ton$ seas4--,dana4 ,o6 le>n f him ,to /ation quick-ey$ ,prud5ce at ! helm4--,fro/ cor4 ,he w5t 9 a "o-horse *aise4--,david ,blair cor4 ,x ought to be1 '9 a "o-horse *aise4'--,crombie cor4 ,^! are m>k$ ) ! above-m5tion$ lett]s4--,folk] cor4 ,a _m-head$ faction4--,w>e cor4 ,le/ !re %\ld be no au?ority 9 any popul> gramm>1 = ! p]haps heav5-inspir$ ef=t4--,f[le cor4 ,common-metre /anzas consi/ ( f\r iambic l9es2 "o ( eight1 & ! next ( six syllables4 ,!y 7 =m]ly writt5 9 two f\rte5-syllable l9es4--,good5[ cor4 ,%ort-metre /anzas consi/ ( f\r iambic l9es2 ! ?ird ( eight1 ! re/ ( six syllables4--,id4 ,p>ticul>-metre /anzas consi/ ( six iambic l9es2 ! ?ird & six? ( six syllables1 ! re/ ( eight4--,id4 ,hallelujah-metre /anzas consi/ ( six iambic l9es2 ! la/ two ( eight syllables1 & ! re/ ( six4--,id4 ,long-metre /anzas are m]ely ! union ( f\r iambic l9es1 ( t5 syllables ea*4--,id4 ,a maje/y m comm&+ ?an is to be f\nd among ! re/ ( ! ,old-,te/am5t poets4--,blair cor4 ,y1 sulphur\s & ?\ght-execut$ fires1 ,vaunt-c\ri]s to oak-cleav+ ?und]bolts1 ,s+e my :ite head6 ,& ?\1 all-%ak+ ?und]1 ,/rike flat ! ?ick rotundity o' ?' _w6--,le>1 ,act iii1 ,sc4 #b4 ,,*apt] ,v4--,,pron\ns4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,x ,,& ,,its ,,notes4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,( ,,agreem5t4 ,! subject is to be jo9$ ) its pr$icate4--,wilk9s cor4 ,e "o mu/ judge ( 8 own feel+s4--,byron cor4 ,e "o 9 ! family %\ld "k 8 or h] duty4--,p5n cor4 ,to introduce its possessor into t way 9 :i* he %\ld g4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,d n !y say1 t e true believ] has ! ,_s ( ,god 9 him8--,b>clay cor4 ,!re is none 9 8 natural /ate righte\s2 no1 n "o4--,wood cor4 ,if ye 7 ( ! _w1 ! _w w\ld love its own4--,bible cor4 ,8 =m _h n yet lo/ all its orig9al brightness4--,milton cor4 ,no "o w answ] z if ,i 7 8 fri5d or companion4--,/eele cor4 ,b1 9 l[l9ess ( m9d1 let ea* e/eem o!rs bett] ?an himself4--,bible cor4 ,& let none ( y imag9e evil 9 8 he>t aga9/ 8 neighb\r4--,id4 ,= e tree is kn[n by its own fruit4--,id4 ,b %e fell to laugh+1 l "o out ( 8 "r m9d4--,m4 ,edgewor? cor4 ,n[ ^! sy/ems1 s f> f hav+ any t5d5cy to make m5 bett]1 h a manife/ t5d5cy to make !m worse4--,wayl& cor4 ,& nobody else w\ld make t city 8 refuge any m4--,josephus cor4 ,:at is quantity1 z x respects syllables or words8 ,x is ! "t :i* a speak] occupies 9 pron\nc+ !m4--,bradley cor4 ,9 su* expressions1 ! adjective s mu* resembles an adv]b 9 its mean+1 t x is usually p>s$ z su*4--,bullions cor4 ,! tongue is l a racehorse2 :i* runs ! fa/]1 ! less weight he c>ries4 ,or ?us3 ,! tongue is l a racehorse2 ! less weight x c>ries1 ! fa/] x runs4--,addison1 ,murray1 et al4 cor4 ,z two ?\ghtless boys 7 try+ to see :i* c\ld lift ! greate/ weight ) 8 jaws1 "o ( !m _h sev]al ( 8 firm-set tee? wr5*$ f _! sockets4--,newspap] cor4 ,e body n[adays publi%es memoirs2 e body has recollections :i* he ?9ks wor?y ( record+4--,du*ess ,d',ab4 cor4 ,e body trembl$1 = himself1 or = 8 fri5ds4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,a /e$ comes at morn+3 no rid] is !re2 ,b 8 bridle is r$ ) ! sign ( despair4--,campbell cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,pron\ns ,,wrong--,,or ,,ne$less4 ,*>les loves to /udy2 b ,john1 alas6 is v idle4--,m]*ant cor4 ,or :at man is !re ( y1 :o1 if 8 son ask bread1 w give him a /one8--,bible cor4 ,:o1 9 /ead ( go+ ab\t do+ good1 are p]petually int5t ^u do+ mis*ief4--,tillotson cor4 ,:om ye deliv]$ up1 & d5i$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pontius ,pilate4--,bible cor4 ,:om1 :5 !y _h wa%$ h]1 !y laid 9 an upp] *amb]4--,id4 ,!n ,manasseh knew t ! ,"l 0 ,god4--,id4 ,:atev] a man conceives cle>ly1 he may1 if he w be at ! tr\ble1 put into di/9ct propositions1 & express cle>ly to o!rs4--,see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ic4 ,b ! pa9t]1 be+ entirely conf9$ to t "p ( "t :i* he has *os51 _c exhibit v>i\s /ages ( ! same action4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #aie4 ,:at he subjo9s1 is )\t any pro( at all4--,b>clay cor4 ,george ,fox's ,te/imony conc]n+ ,rob]t ,b>clay4--,title cor4 ,accord+ to ! advice ( ! au?or ( ! ,po/cript sic--,,k?4--,b>clay cor4 ,^! ?+s seem z ugly to ! eye ( _! m$itations1 z ^? ,e?iopians t 7 pictur$ on ,nemesis's pit*]4--,bacon cor4 ,moreov]1 !re is always a tw(old condition prop\nd$ ) ! ,sphynx's enigmas4--,id4 ,:oev] believe? n !re91 %all p]i%4--,koran cor4 ,:51 at ,se/ius's entreaty1 ,i _h be5 at 8 h\se4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,!re high on ,sipylus's %aggy br[1 ,%e /&s1 h] own sad monum5t ( wo4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,*ange ,,( ,,numb]4 ,s w ,i s5d ^u y fam9e1 & evil bea/s1 & !y %all b]eave y4--,bible cor4 ,:y d y plead s mu* = x8 :y d y prea* x up8 ,or3 ,:y d ye plead s mu* = x8 :y d ye prea* x up8--,b>clay cor4 ,s9ce ?\ ha/ decre$ t ,i %all be> man1 ?y d>l+4--,edw>d's ,gram4 cor4 ,y h my book1 & ,i h y\rs2 i4e41 y\r book4 ,or ?us3 ,?\ ha/ my book1 & ,i h ?9e2 i4e41 ?y book4--,*&l] cor4 ,nei!r art ?\ su* a "o z to be ignorant ( :at ?\ art4--,bullions cor4 ,return1 ?\ backslid+ ,israel1 sai? ! ,"l1 & ,i w n cause m9e ang] to fall ^u !e4--,bible cor4 ,! ,almighty1 unwill+ to cut !e (f 9 ! fullness ( iniquity1 has s5t me to give !e w>n+4--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,wa/ ?\ born only = pleasure8 wa/ ?\ nev] to d any ?+8--,colli] cor4 ,?\ %alt be requir$ to g to ,god1 to die1 & to give up ?y acc\nt4--,b>nes cor4 ,& can/ ?\ expect to behold ! respl5d5t gl[ ( ! ,creator8 w\ld n su* a sight annihilate !e8--,milton cor4 ,if ! prophet _h comm&$ !e to d "s great ?+1 w\ld/ ?\ h refus$8--,c4 ,s4 ,j\rnal cor4 ,art ?\ a p5it5t8 ev9ce ?y s9c]ity1 by br++ =? fruits meet = rep5tance4--,vade-,mecum cor4 ,i w call !e my de> son3 ,i rememb] all ?y t5d]ness4--,c4 ,tales cor4 ,s d ?\1 my son3 op5 ?y e>s1 & ?y eyes4--,wright cor4 ,i promise y1 ?is 0 en\gh to disc\rage y4--,bunyan cor4 ,ere y rem>k an o!r's s91 ,bid y\r own consci5ce look )94--,gay cor4 ,p]mit t ,i %>e 9 ?y wo1 ,! privilege can/ ?\ refuse8--,p]fect cor4 ,ah6 ,/rephon1 h[ can/ ?\ despise ,h] :o1 )\t ?y pity1 dies8--,swift cor4 ,?y v]ses1 fri5d1 are ,kidd]m9/] /uff2 ,& ,i mu/ own1 ?\'/ measur$ out en\gh4--,%5/4 cor4 ,?is day1 de> ,bee1 is ?y nativity2 ,_h ,fate a lucki] "o1 %e'd give x !e4--,swift cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,:o ,,& ,,:i*4 ,exactly l s _m puppets1 :i* are mov$ by wires4--,blair cor4 ,!y are my s]vants1 :om ,i br\ght =?#ece out ( ! l& ( ,egypt4--,leviticus1 xxv1 #ee4 ,behold1 ,i & ! *ildr5 :om ,god ha? giv5 me4--,see ,isaiah1 viii1 #ah4 ,& he s5t ,eliakim1 :o 0 ov] ! h\sehold1 & ,%ebna ! scribe4--,isaiah1 xxxvii1 #b4 ,9 a %ort "t ! /reets 7 cle>$ ( ! corpses :i* fill$ !m4--,m',ilva9e cor4 ,!y are n ( ^? :o tea* ?+s t !y ought n1 = fil?y lucre's sake4--,b>clay cor4 ,z a lion among ! bea/s ( ! =e/1 z a "y lion among ! flocks ( %eep2 :i*1 if he g ?r\gh1 bo? treade? d[n & te>e? 9 pieces4--,bible cor4 ,frequ5t$ by e f[l :i* nature has taught to dip ! w+ 9 wat]4--,johnson cor4 ,he _h two sons1 "o ( :om 0 adopt$ by ! family ( ,maximus4--,lempri]e cor4 ,& ! ants1 :i* are collect$ by ! smell1 are burn$ ) fire4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,!y be+ ! ag5ts to :om ?is ?+ 0 tru/$4--,nixon cor4 ,a packhorse :i* is driv5 con/antly "o way & ! o!r1 to & f m>ket4--,locke cor4 ,by in/ruct+ *ildr51 ^: affection w be increas$4--,nixon cor4 ,he _h a comely "y woman1 :o travell$ ) him4--,hut*9son cor4 ,a butt]fly1 :o ?\ght himself an accompli%$ travell]1 happ5$ to light ^u a beehive4--,in/41 p4 #bfg4 ,x is an enorm\s elephant ( /one1 :i* disgorges f 8 uplift$ trunk a va/ b graceful %[]4--,w>e cor4 ,he 0 met by a dolph91 :i* sometimes swam be=e him1 & sometimes beh9d him4--,edw>d's ,gram4 cor4 ,t ,cs>'s horse1 :i*1 z fame goes1 ,_h corns ^u 8 feet & toes1 ,0 n by half s t5d]-ho('d1 ,nor trod ^u ! gr\nd s s(t4--,butl] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,n\ns ,,( ,,multitude4 ,he in/ruct$ & f$ ! cr[ds t surr\nd$ him4--,murray's ,key4 ,! c\rt1 :i* gives curr5cy to mann]s1 ought to be exempl>y4 p4 #ahg4 ,nor does he describe classes ( s9n]s t d n exi/4--,mag4 cor4 ,because ! nations among :i* !y took _! rise1 7 n savage4--,murray cor4 ,among nations t are 9 ! fir/ & rude p]iods ( society4--,blair cor4 ,! m>tial _s ( ^? nations among :i* ! feudal gov]nm5t prevail$4--,id4 ,france1 :i* 0 9 alliance ) ,sw$54--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ig4 ,t faction1 9 ,engl&1 :i* mo/ p[]fully oppos$ 8 arbitr>y pret5sions4--,ib4 ,we may say1 '! cr[d :i* 0 go+ up ! /reet4'--,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 #bjd4 ,su* memb]s ( ! ,conv5tion :i* =m$ ?is ,lyceum1 z h subscrib$ ?is ,con/itution4--,n4 ,y4 ,lyceum cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,confusion ,,( ,,s5ses4 ,! "n ( ! possessor %all take a p>ticul> =m to %[ its case4--,kirkham cor4 ,( :i* reasons1 ! pr9cipal "o is1 t no n\n1 prop]ly s call$1 implies ! pres5ce ( ! ?+ nam$4--,h>ris cor4 ,bo/on is a prop] n\n1 :i* di/+ui%es ! city ( ,bo/on f o!r cities4--,sanborn cor4 ,! ^w ,,conjunction means union1 or ! act ( jo9+ toge!r4 ,conjunctions are us$ to jo9 or connect ei!r words or s5t5ces4--,id4 ,! ^w ,,int]jection means ! act ( ?r[+ betwe54 ,int]jections are int]sp]s$ among o!r words1 to express /rong or sudd5 emotion4--,id4 ,inde$ is compos$ ( 9 & de$4 ,! words may bett] be writt5 sep>ately1 z !y =m]ly 74--,c>dell cor4 ,alex&]1 on ! contr>y1 is a p>ticul> "n2 & is employ$ to di/+ui% an individual only4--,jamieson cor4 ,z an indication t nature itself _h *ang$ its c\rse4 ,or3--t ,nature h]self _h *ang$ h] c\rse4--,hi/ory cor4 ,( remov+ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & _! t]ritories ! free p ( col\r4--,j5if] cor4 ,s t gh may be said n to h its prop] s\nd4 ,or ?us3 ,s t ! lett]s1 g & h1 may be said n to h _! prop] s\nds4--,web/] cor4 ,are we to welcome ! loa?some h>lot1 & introduce h] to our *ildr58--,matur9 cor4 ,! fir/ "q is ?is3 ',is reputable1 national1 & pres5t use1 :i*1 = brevity's sake1 ,i %all h]eaft] simply d5om9ate good use1 always uni=m1 i4 e41 undivid$1 & unequivocal1 9 its decisions8--,campbell cor4 ,9 p]sonifications1 ,"t is always mascul9e1 on acc\nt ( 8 mighty efficacy2 ,virtue1 fem99e1 by reason ( h] beauty & lovel9ess4--,murray1 ,blair1 et al4 cor4 ,:5 y speak to a p]son or ?+1 ! n\n or pron\n is 9 ! second p]son4--,b>tlett cor4 ,y n[ "k ! n\n2 = n\n means "n4--,id4 ,t4 ,:at d y see8 ,p4 ,a book4 ,t4 ,spell book4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5 cor4 ,t4 ,:at d y see n[8 ,p4 ,two books4 ,t4 ,spell books4--,id4 ,if ! ,unit$ ,/ates lose _! rights z a nation4--,lib]ator cor4 ,:5 a p]son or ?+ is address$ or spok5 to1 ! n\n or pron\n is 9 ! second p]son4--,fro/ cor4 ,:5 a p]son or ?+ is m]ely spok5 (1 ! n\n or pron\n is 9 ! ?ird p]son4--,id4 ,! ^w ,,ox also1 tak+ ! same plural t]m9ation1 makes ,,ox54--,bucke cor4 ,hail1 happy ,/ates6 y\rs is ! blissful seat ,:]e nature's gifts & art's improvem5ts meet4--,ev]ett cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,! ,,relative ,,t4 7#a47 ,?is is ! mo/ useful art t m5 possess4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! e>lie/ acc\nts t hi/ory gives u1 conc]n+ all nations1 be> te/imony to ^! facts4--,blair et al4 cor4 ,mr4 ,addison 0 ! fir/ t attempt$ a regul> inquiry into ! pleasures ( ta/e4--,blair cor4 ,"o ( ! fir/ t introduc$ x1 0 ,montesquieu4--,murray cor4 ,massillon is p]haps ! mo/ eloqu5t s]moniz] t mod]n times h produc$4--,blair cor4 ,! greate/ b>b] t ev] liv$1 is our guid+ /> & prototype4--,h>t cor4 7#b47 ,:5 prepositions are subjo9$ to n\ns1 !y are g5]ally ! same t are subjo9$ to ! v]bs f :i* ! n\ns are d]iv$4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bjj4 ,bett] ?us3 ,! prepositions :i* are subjo9$ to n\ns1 are g5]ally ! same t1 c4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! same proportions t are agreeable 9 a model1 are n agreeable 9 a l>ge build+4--,kames cor4 ,! same ornam5ts t we admire 9 a private ap>tm5t1 are unseemly 9 a temple4--,murray cor4 ,! same t ,john saw also 9 ! sun4--,milton cor4 7#c47 ,:o c ev] be easy1 t is reproa*$ ) 8 own ill conduct8--,t4 ,kempis cor4 ,:o is %e t comes clo!d 9 a robe ( gre58--,in/41 p4 #bfg4 ,:o t has ei!r s5se or civility1 does n p]ceive ! vil5ess ( pr(anity8--,g4 ,br[n4 7#d47 ,! second p]son d5otes ! p]son or ?+ t is spok5 to4--,kirkham cor4 ,! ?ird p]son d5otes ! p]son or ?+ t is spok5 (4--,id4 ,a passive v]b d5otes action receiv$1 or endur$ by ! p]son or ?+ t is signifi$ by its nom9ative4--,id4 ,! pr9ces & /ates t _h neglect$ or fav\r$ ! gr[? ( ?is p[]4--,bol+broke cor4 ,! nom9ative expresses ! "n ( ! p]son or ?+ t acts1 or t is ! subject ( disc\rse4--,hiley cor4 7#e47 ,au?ors t deal 9 long s5t5ces1 are v apt to be faulty4--,blair cor4 ,writ]s t deal1 c4--,murray cor4 ,! neut] g5d] d5otes objects t are nei!r male nor female4--,m]*ant cor4 ,! neut] g5d] d5otes ?+s t h no sex4--,kirkham cor4 ,n\ns t d5ote objects nei!r male nor female1 are ( ! neut] g5d]4--,wells's ,gram4 ( late1 p4 #ee4 ,bett] ?us3 ,^? n\ns :i* d5ote objects t are nei!r male nor female1 are ( ! neut] g5d]4--,wells cor4 ,objects & ideas t h be5 long famili>1 make too fa9t an impression to give an agreeable ex]cise to our faculties4--,blair cor4 ,cases t cu/om has left dubi\s1 are c]ta9ly )9 ! gramm>ian's prov9ce4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,sub/antives t end 9 ery1 signify action or habit4--,id4 ,aft] all t c be done to r5d] ! def9itions & rules ( gramm> accurate4--,id4 ,possibly1 all t ,i h said1 is kn[n & taught4--,a4 ,b4 ,johnson cor4 7#f47 ,x is a /rong & manly /yle t %\ld *iefly be /udi$4--,blair cor4 ,x is ?is viz41 precision t *iefly makes a division appe> neat & elegant4--,id4 ,i hope x is n ,i t he is displeas$ )4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:5 x is ?is alone t r5d]s ! s5t5ce obscure4--,campbell cor4 ,?is sort ( full & ample ass]tion1 ',x is ?is t1' is fit to be us$ :5 a proposition ( importance is laid d[n4--,blair cor4 ,%e is n ! p]son t ,i und]/ood x to h be54--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,0 x ?\1 or ! w9d1 t %ut ! door8--,in/41 p4 #bfg4 ,x 0 n ,i t %ut x4--,ib4 7#g47 ,he is n ! p]son t he seem$ to be4--,murray & ,+]soll cor4 ,he is really ! p]son t he appe>$ to be4--,iid4 ,%e is n n[ ! woman t !y repres5t$ h] to h be54--,iid4 ,an only *ild is "o t has nei!r bro!r nor si/]2 a *ild alone is "o t is left by itself1 or unaccompani$4--,blair1 ,jam41 & ,mur41 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,relative ,,clauses ,,connect$4 7#a47 ,a ,sub/antive1 or ,n\n1 is ! "n ( a ?+2 7i4 e417 ( :atev] we conceive to subsi/1 or ( :atev] we m]ely imag9e4--,l[? cor4 7#b47 ,a ,sub/antive1 or ,n\n1 is ! "n ( any ?+ :i* exi/s1 or ( :i* we h any notion4--,murray et al4 cor4 7#c47 ,a ,sub/antive1 or ,n\n1 is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t exi/s1 or t we c h an idea (4--,fro/ cor4 7#d47 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ :i* exi/s1 or ( :i* we =m an idea4--,hallock cor4 7#e47 ,a ,n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 object1 or ?+1 t exi/s1 or t we may conceive to exi/4--,d4 ,c4 ,all5 cor4 7#f47 ,! "n ( e ?+ :i* exi/s1 or ( :i* we c =m a notion1 is a n\n4--,fisk cor4 7#g47 ,an allegory is ! repres5tation ( "s "o ?+ by an o!r t resembles x1 & t is made to /& = x4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aej4 7#h47 ,_h he exhibit$ su* s5t5ces z conta9$ ideas inapplicable to "y m9ds1 or su* z 7 ( a trivial or injuri\s nature4--,l4 ,murray cor4 7#i47 ,man w\ld h o!rs obey him1 ev5 8 own k9d2 b he w n obey ,god1 :o is s mu* above him1 & :o made him4--,p5n cor4 7#aj47 ,b :at we may consid] "h1 & :at few p]sons h notic$1 is1 c4--,brightl& cor4 7#aa47 ,! compil] has n ins]t$ ^? v]bs :i* are irregul> only 9 famili> writ+ or disc\rse1 & :i* are improp]ly t]m9at$ by t 9 /ead ( ed4--,murray1 ,fisk1 ,h>t1 ,+]soll et al41 cor4 7#ab47 ,! rema9+ p>ts ( spee*1 :i* are call$ ! indecl9able p>ts1 & :i* admit ( no v>iations1 7or1 be+ words t admit ( no v>iations17 w n deta9 u long4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,! ,,relative ,,& ,,preposition4 ,9 ! temp] ( m9d 9 :i* he 0 !n4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,to br+ !m into ! condition 9 :i* ,i am at pres5t4--,add4 cor4 ,9 ! po/ure 9 :i* ,i lay4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is sometimes tak54--,b>clay cor4 ,tools & ut5sils are said to be "r1 :5 !y answ] well ! uses = :i* !y 7 made4--,colli] cor4 ,if1 9 ! extreme dang] 9 :i* ,i n[ am1 c4 ,or3 ,if1 9 my pres5t extreme dang]1 c4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #aaf4 ,news 0 br\ght1 t ,dairus sic--,,k? 0 b tw5ty miles f ! place 9 :i* !y !n 74--,goldsmi? cor4 ,alex&]1 ^u he>+ ?is news1 cont9u$ f\r days :]e he !n 03 or--9 ! place 9 :i* he !n 04--,id4 ,to read 9 ! be/ mann] 9 :i* read+ is n[ taught4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,x may be exp$i5t to give a few directions z to ! mann] 9 :i* x %\ld be /udi$4--,hallock cor4 ,p>ticiples are words d]iv$ f v]bs1 & convey an idea ( ! act+ ( an ag5t1 or ! suff]+ ( an object1 ) ! "t at :i* x happ5s4 #ecf--;,a4 ,murray cor4 ,_h ,i b s]v'd my ,god ) half ! zeal ,) :i* ,i s]v'd my k+1 he w\ld n ?us1 ,9 age1 h left me nak$ to my foes4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,adv]bs ,,= ,,relatives4 ,9 compositions t are n design$ to be deliv]$ 9 public4--,blair cor4 ,!y fram$ a prote/ation 9 :i* !y repeat$ _! claims4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #acc2 ,murray's1 #aig4 ,:i* h ref]5ce to inanimate sub/ances1 9 :i* sex has no exi/5ce4--,h>ris cor4 ,:i* d5ote sub/ances 9 :i* sex nev] _h exi/5ce4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,!re is no rule giv5 by :i* ! tru? may be f\nd out4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,! nature ( ! objects f :i* !y are tak54--,blair cor4 ,t d>kness ( "*1 ?r\gh :i* we c see no he>t3 i4 e41 g5]\s emotion4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! /ates ) :i* or betwe5 :i* !y negotiat$4--,=mey cor4 ,till ! motives f :i* m5 act1 be kn[n4--,beattie cor4 ,he assigns ! pr9ciples f :i* _! p[] ( pleas+ fl[s4--,blair cor4 ,b ,i w5t on1 & s f9i%$ ?is ,hi/ory1 9 t =m 9 :i* x n[ appe>s4--,sewel cor4 ,by prepositions we express ! cause = :i*1 ! in/rum5t by :i*1 & ! mann] 9 :i*1 a ?+ is done4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,!y are n su* 9 ! language f :i* !y are d]iv$4--,t[n cor4 ,i f9d x v h>d to p]suade sev]al1 t _! passions are affect$ by words f :i* !y h no ideas4--,burke cor4 ,! kn[n end1 !n1 = :i* we are plac$ 9 a /ate ( s mu* affliction1 haz>d1 & difficulty1 is our improvem5t 9 virtue & piety4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,yet su* 8 acts z ,greeks unborn %all tell1 ,& curse ! /rife 9 :i* _! fa!rs fell4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,repeat ,,! ,,n\n4 ,y\? may be ?\ghtful1 b ?\ghtfulness 9 ! "y is n v common4--,web/] cor4 ,a prop] "n is a "n giv5 to "o p]son or ?+4--,b>tlett cor4 ,a common "n is a "n giv5 to _m ?+s ( ! same sort4--,id4 ,?is rule is (t5 violat$2 "s in/ances ( its violation are annex$4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,?is is altoge!r c>eless writ+4 ,su* neglig5ce respect+ ! pron\ns1 r5d]s /yle (t5 obscure1 & always inelegant4--,blair cor4 ,e inv]sion :i* is n gov]n$ by ?is rule1 w be disreli%$ by e p]son ( ta/e4--,kames cor4 ,a prop] diph?ong1 is a diph?ong 9 :i* bo? ! v[els are s\nd$4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #ah4 ,an improp] diph?ong1 is a diph?ong 9 :i* only "o ( ! v[els is s\nd$4--,ib4 ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & ! desc5dants ( ,jacob1 are call$ ,hebrews4--,wood cor4 ,9 our language1 e ^w ( m ?an "o syllable1 has "o ( its syllables di/+ui%$ f ! re/ 9 ?is mann]4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,two consonants prop] to beg9 a ^w1 mu/ n be sep>at$2 z1 fa-ble1 /i-fle4 ,b :5 two consonants come betwe5 two v[els1 & are su* z _c beg9 a ^w1 !y mu/ be divid$1 z1 ut-mo/1 un-d]4--,id4 ,%all ! intellect alone feel no pleasures 9 its en]gy1 :5 we all[ pleasures to ! grosse/ en]gies ( appetite & s5se8--,h>ris & ,murray cor4 ,no man has a prop5sity to vice z su*3 on ! contr>y1 a wick$ de$ disgu/s e "o1 & makes him abhor ! au?or4--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,! same grammatical prop]ties t belong to n\ns1 belong also to pron\ns4--,gre5leaf cor4 ,:at is language8 ,x is ! means ( communicat+ ?\ghts f "o p]son to an o!r4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,a simple ^w is a ^w :i* is n made up ( o!r words4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,a comp\nd ^w is a ^w :i* is made up ( two or m words4--,iid4 ,:5 a conjunction is to be suppli$1 ! ellipsis is call$ ,asyndeton4--,adam cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,place ,,( ,,! ,,relative4 ,x gives to words a mean+ :i* !y w\ld n h4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!re are 9 ! ,engli% language _m words1 t are sometimes us$ z adjectives1 & sometimes z adv]bs4--,id4 ,:i* d n m effectually %[ ! v>i$ int5tions ( ! m9d1 ?an d ! auxili>ies :i* are us$ to =m ! pot5tial mood4--,id4 ,^! acc5ts1 :i* w be ! subject ( a foll[+ speculation1 make diff]5t impressions on ! m9d4--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,& o!rs diff]$ v mu* f ! words ( ! writ]s to :om !y 7 ascrib$4--,john ,w>d cor4 ,:]e !re is 9 ! s5se no?+ :i* requires ! la/ s\nd to be elevat$1 an easy fall w be prop]4--,murray & ,bullions cor4 ,9 ! la/ clause !re is an ellipsis ( ! v]b2 &1 :5 y supply x1 y f9d x necess>y to use ! adv]b n1 9 lieu ( no4--,campbell & ,murray cor4 ,/udy is ( ! s+ul> numb]1 because ! nom9ative ,i1 ) :i* x agrees1 is s+ul>4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,john is ! p]son :o is 9 error1 or ?\ art4--,wright cor4 ,= he ha? made him1 :o knew no s91 to be s9 = u4--,h>rison's ,e4 ,lang41 p4 #aig4 ,my fri5d1 take t ( me1 :o h ! p[] ,to seal ?' accus]'s lips4--,%akspe>e cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,:at ,,= ,,t4 ,i _h no idea b t ! /ory 0 true4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bfh4 ,! po/boy is n s we>y b t he c :i/le4--,ib4 ,he _h no intimation b t ! m5 7 hone/4--,ib4 ,nei!r ,lady ,hav]%am nor ,miss ,mildmay w ev] believe b t ,i h be5 entirely to blame4--,prie/ley cor4 ,i am n satisfi$ b t ! integrity ( our fri5ds is m ess5tial to our welf>e ?an _! k ( ! _w4--,id4 ,inde$1 !re is 9 poetry no?+ s ent]ta9+ or descriptive1 b t an +5i\s didactic writ] may introduce x 9 "s "p ( 8 "w4--,blair cor4 ,brasidas1 be+ bit by a m\se he _h cat*$1 let x slip out ( 8 f+]s3 ',no creature1' says he1 'is s contemptible b t x may provide = its own safety1 if x h c\rage4'--,ld4 ,kames cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,adjectives ,,= ,,antec$5ts4 ,9 n>ration1 ,hom] is1 at all times1 rem>kably concise1 & !re=e lively & agreeable4--,blair cor4 ,x is usual to talk ( a n]v\s1 a feeble1 or a spirit$ /yle2 :i* epi!ts pla9ly indicate ! writ]'s mann] ( ?9k+4--,id4 ,x is too viol5t an alt]ation1 if any alt]ation 7 necess>y1 :]eas none is4--,knight cor4 ,"s m5 are too ignorant to be humble2 & )\t humility !re c be no docility4--,b]kley cor4 ,judas decl>$ him innoc5t2 b innoc5t he c\ld n be1 _h he 9 any respect deceiv$ ! disciples4--,porteus cor4 ,!y suppos$ him to be innoc5t1 b he c]ta9ly 0 n s4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,!y acc\nt$ him hone/1 b he c]ta9ly 0 n s4--,fel* cor4 ,be accurate 9 all y say or d2 = accuracy is important 9 all ! conc]ns ( life4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bfh4 ,e law supposes ! transgressor to be wick$2 & inde$ he is s1 if ! law is j4--,ib4 ,to be pure 9 he>t1 pi\s1 & b5evol5t1 7& all may be s17 con/itutes human happ9ess4--,murray cor4 ,to be dext]\s 9 dang]1 is a virtue2 b to c\rt dang] to %[ our dext]ity1 is a weakness4--,p5n cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,s5t5ces ,,= ,,antec$5ts4 ,?is seems n s all[able 9 prose2 :i* fact ! foll[+ errone\s examples w demon/rate4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! acc5t is laid ^u ! la/ syllable ( a ^w2 :i* circum/ance is fav\rable to ! melody4--,kames cor4 ,e l9e consi/s ( t5 syllables1 five %ort & five long2 f :i* rule !re are b two exceptions1 bo? ( !m r>e4--,id4 ,! soldi]s refus$ ob$i5ce1 z has be5 expla9$4--,nixon cor4 ,caes> ov]came ,pompey--a circum/ance :i* 0 lam5t$4--,id4 ,! cr[d hail$ ,william1 agreeably to ! expectations ( 8 fri5ds4--,id4 ,! tribunes resi/$ ,scipio1 :o knew _! malevol5ce t[>ds him4--,id4 ,! c5sors reprov$ vice1 & 7 held 9 great hon\r4--,id4 ,! g5]als neglect$ discipl9e1 :i* fact has be5 prov$4--,id4 ,!re w\ld be two nom9atives to ! v]b 01 & su* a con/ruction is improp]4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,8 fri5d bore ! abuse v pati5tly2 ^: =be>ance1 h[ev]1 s]v$ only to increase 8 rud5ess2 x produc$1 at l5g?1 contempt & insol5ce4--,murray & ,emmons cor4 ,almo/ all comp\nd s5t5ces are m or less elliptical2 & "s examples ( ellipsis may be f\nd1 "u ne>ly all ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4--,murray1 ,guy1 ,smi?1 ,+]soll1 ,fisk1 et al4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,repeat ,,! ,,pron\n4 ,9 ?+s ( ,nature's workman%ip1 :e!r we reg>d _! int]nal or _! ext]nal /ructure1 beauty & design are equally conspicu\s4--,kames cor4 ,x puzzles ! read]1 by mak+ him d\bt :e!r ! ^w ought to be tak5 9 its prop]1 or 9 its figurative s5se4--,id4 ,nei!r my obligations to ! muses1 nor my expectations f !m1 are s great4--,c[ley cor4 ,! ,fif? ,annual ,report ( ! ,antislav]y ,society ( ,f]risburgh & its vic9ity4--,title cor4 ,mean+ ta/e 9 its figurative z well z its prop] s5se4--,kames cor4 ,e measure 9 :i* ei!r y\r p]sonal or y\r political "* is conc]n$4--,junius cor4 ,a jeal\s & righte\s ,god has (t5 puni%$ su* 9 !mselves or 9 _! (fspr+4--,extracts cor4 ,h5ce _! civil & _! religi\s hi/ory are insep>able4--,milman cor4 ,esau ?us c>elessly ?rew away bo? 8 civil & 8 religi\s inh]itance4--,id4 ,?is intellig5ce excit$ n only our hopes1 b our fe>s likewise4--,jaudon cor4 ,9 :at way our defect ( pr9ciple1 & our rul+ mann]s1 h complet$ ! ru9 ( ! national _s ( union4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,consid]+ h] desc5t1 h] connexion1 & h] pres5t int]c\rse4--,web/] cor4 ,8 own & 8 wife's w>drobe are pack$ up 9 a firk94--,p>k] & ,fox cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xvi4--,,*ange ,,! ,,antec$5t4 ,! s\nds ( e & o long1 9 _! due degrees1 w be pres]v$1 & cle>ly di/+ui%$4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,if any p]sons %\ld be incl9$ to ?9k1 c41 ! au?or takes ! lib]ty to sugge/ to !m1 c4--,id4 ,& he walk$ 9 all ! way ( ,asa 8 fa!r2 he turn$ n aside f x4--,bible cor4 ,if ye f y\r he>ts =give n e "o 8 bre?r5 _! trespasses4--,id4 ,none ev] fanci$ !y 7 slight$ by him1 or _h ! c\rage to ?9k !mselves 8 bett]s4--,colli] cor4 ,& ,rebecca took "s v good clo!s ( h] elde/ son ,esau's1 :i* 7 ) h] 9 ! h\se1 & put !m ^u ,jacob h] y\ng] son4--,g54 cor4 ,:]e all ! att5tion ( m5 is giv5 to _! own indulg5ce4--,matur9 cor4 ,! idea ( a fa!r is a notion sup]9duc$ to t ( ! sub/ance1 or man--let "o's idea ( man be :at x w4--,locke cor4 ,leav+ all to d z !y li/4--,b>clay cor4 ,ea* p]son p]=m$ 8 "p h&somely4--,j4 ,fl9t cor4 ,?is block ( m>ble re/s on two lay]s ( /ones1 b\nd toge!r ) lead1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has n prev5t$ ! ,arabs f =c+ out sev]al ( !m4--,p>k] & ,fox cor4 ,love gives to all our p[]s a d\ble p[]1 ,above _! functions & _! (fices4 ,or3-- ,love gives to e p[] a d\ble p[]1 ,exalts all functions & all (fices4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi2 ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,plurality4 ,! jury w be conf9$ till !y agree on a v]dict4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ade4 ,& mank9d direct$ _! fir/ c>es t[>ds ! ne$ful4--,=mey cor4 ,x is difficult to deceive a free p respect+ _! true int]e/4--,life ( ,*>les ,,xii cor4 ,all ! virtues ( mank9d are to be c\nt$ ^u a few f+]s1 b _! follies & vices are innum]able4--,swift cor4 ,e sect sai?1 ',give u lib]ty3' b give x !m1 & to _! p[]1 & !y w n yield x to any body else4--,cromwell cor4 ,behold1 ! p %all rise up z a great lion1 & lift up !mselves z a "y lion4--,bible cor4 ,= all fle% _h corrupt$ _! way ^u ! e>?4--,id4 ,!re happ5$ to ! army a v /range accid5t1 :i* put !m 9 great con/]nation4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,unity4 ,! meet+ w5t on ) its bus9ess z a unit$ body4--,fo/] cor4 ,e religi\s association has an und\bt$ "r to adopt a cre$ = itself4--,g\ld cor4 ,x w\ld !re=e be extremely difficult to raise an insurrection 9 t /ate aga9/ its own gov]nm5t4--,dr4 ,web/] cor4 ,! mode 9 :i* a lyceum c apply itself 9 effect+ a re=m 9 common s*ools4--,n4 ,y4 ,lyc4 cor4 ,ha? a nation *ang$ its gods1 :i* yet are no gods8--,j]4 cor4 ,9 ! holy ,scriptures1 ea* ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel is (t5 call$ by ! "n ( ! patri>* f :om x desc5d$4 ,or bett]3--f :om ! tribe desc5d$4--,adams cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,uni=mity ,,( ,,numb]4 ,a nation1 by ! rep>ation ( ! wrongs :i* x has done1 a*ieves a triumph m glori\s ?an any field ( blood c ev] give4--,adams cor4 ,! ,engli% nation1 f :om we desc5d$1 h be5 ga9+ _! lib]ties in* by in*4--,web/] cor4 ,if a ,ye>ly ,meet+ %\ld und]take to alt] its fundam5tal doctr9es1 is !re any p[] 9 ! society to prev5t x f do+ s8--,fo/]'s ,rep4 cor4 ,!re is#ecg a g5]ation t curse _! fa!r1 & d n bless _! "m4--,bible cor4 ,!re is#ecg a g5]ation t are pure 9 _! own eyes1 & yet are n wa%$ f _! fil?9ess4--,id4 ,he ha? n beheld iniquity 9 ,jacob1 nei!r ha? he se5 p]v]s5ess 9 ,israel3 ! ,"l _! ,god is ) !m1 & ! %\t ( a k+ is among !m4--,id4 ,my p h =gott5 me1 !y h burnt inc5se to vanity4--,id4 ,:5 a qu>t]ly meet+ has come to a judgem5t respect+ any diff]5ce1 relative to any mon?ly meet+ belong+ to x c4--,discip4 cor4 ,! numb] ( su* compositions is e day increas+1 & x appe>s to be limit$ only by ! pleasure or ! conv5i5ce ( writ]s4--,boo? cor4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ has ! same p[] n[ z ev]1 & is l$ by ! same _s into ! same practices4--,b>clay cor4 ,! army1 :om _! *ief _h ?us ab&on$1 pursu$ mean:ile _! mis]able m>*4 ,or ?us3 ,! army1 :i* its *ief _h ?us ab&on$1 pursu$ mean:ile its mis]able m>*4--,lockh>t cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii2 ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,,antec$5ts ,,connect$ ,,by ,,&4 ,discont5t & sorr[ manife/$ !mselves 9 8 c\nt5ance4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #adf4 ,bo? conv]sation & public speak+ became m simple & pla91 su* z we n[ f9d !m4--,blair cor4 ,idl5ess & ignorance1 if !y be suff]$ to proce$1 c4--,johnson & ,prie/ley cor4 ,avoid que/ions & /rife3 !y %[ a busy & cont5ti\s disposition4--,p5n cor4 ,to receive ! gifts & b5efits ( ,god ) ?anksgiv+1 & witness !m bless$ & sanctifi$ to u by ! ^w & pray]1 is own$ by u4--,b>clay cor4 ,bo? m9i/] & magi/rate are compell$ to *oose betwe5 _! duty & _! reputation4--,junius cor4 ,all ! s9c]ity1 tru?1 & fai?fulness1 or disposition ( he>t or consci5ce to approve !m1 f\nd among rational creatures1 necess>ily orig9ate f ,god4--,rev4 ,j4 ,br[n cor4 ,y\r levity & he$lessness1 if !y cont9ue1 w prev5t all sub/antial improvem5t4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bfi4 ,pov]ty & obscurity w oppress him only :o e/eems !m oppressive4--,ib4 ,good s5se & ref9$ policy are obvi\s to few1 because !y _c be discov]$ b by a tra9 ( reflection4--,ib4 ,avoid haught9ess ( behavi\r1 & affectation ( mann]s3 !y imply a want ( solid m]it4--,ib4 ,if love & unity cont9ue1 !y w make y p>tak]s ( "o an o!r's joy4--,ib4 ,suff] n jeal\sy & di/ru/ to ent]3 !y w de/roy1 l a cank]1 e g]m ( fri5d%ip4--,ib4 ,hatr$ & animosity are inconsi/5t ) ,*ri/ian *>ity3 gu>d1 !re=e1 aga9/ ! slighte/ indulg5ce ( !m4--,ib4 ,e man is entitl$ to lib]ty ( consci5ce1 & fre$om ( op9ion1 if he does n p]v]t !m to ! injury ( o!rs4--,ib4 ,) ! azure & v]milion ,:i* are mix'd = my pavilion4--,byron cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii2 ,,( ,,pron\ns4 ,,antec$5ts ,,connect$ ,,by ,,or ,,or ,,nor4 ,nei!r prelate nor prie/ c give 8 flock or flocks any decisive evid5ce t y are lawful pa/ors4--,br[nlee cor4 ,& is !re a he>t ( p>5t or ( *ild1 t does n beat & burn )9 him8-- ,matur9 cor4 ,?is is j z if an eye or a foot %\ld dem& a sal>y = its s]vice to ! body4--,colli] cor4 ,if ?y h& or ?y foot (f5d !e1 cut x (f1 & ca/ x f !e4--,bible cor4 ,! same might z well be said ( ,virgil1 or any great au?or2 ^: g5]al "* w infallibly raise _m casual additions to 8 reputation4--,pope cor4 ,ei!r ,james or ,john1--"o or ! o!r1--w come4--,smi? cor4 ,ev5 a rugg$ rock or a b>r5 hea?1 ?\gh 9 itself disagreeable1 contributes1 by contra/1 to ! beauty ( ! :ole4--,kames cor4 ,t nei!r ,c\nt ,re*t]5 nor ,monsieur ,mesnag] _h behav$ himself "r 9 ?is affair4--,spect4 cor4 ,if an ,ari/otle1 a ,py?agoras1 or a ,galileo1 suff]s = 8 op9ions1 he is a 'm>tyr4'--,full] cor4 ,if an ox gore a man or a woman1 t he or %e die2 !n ! ox %all surely be /on$4--,exod4 cor4 ,%e 0 call+ out to "o or an o!r1 at e /ep1 t a ,habit 0 ensn>+ him4--,johnson cor4 ,"h is a task put ^u *ildr51 :i* nei!r ?is au?or himself1 nor any o!r1 has yet und]gone4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,h5ce1 if an adjective or a p>ticiple be subjo9$ to ! v]b :5 ! con/ruction is s+ul>1 x w agree bo? 9 g5d] & 9 numb] ) ! collective n\n4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,& if y c f9d a diph?ong or a triph?ong1 be pleas$ to po9t t out too4--,bucke cor4 ,& if y c f9d a trissyllable or a polysyllable1 po9t x out4--,id4 ,! false refuges 9 :i* ! a!i/ or ! sceptic has intr5*$ himself4--,*r4 ,spect4 cor4 ,:ile ! man or woman ?us assi/$ by art1 expects 8 *>ms or h]s w be imput$ to nature alone4--,opie cor4 ,:5 y press a wat*1 or pull a clock1 x answ]s y\r "q ) precision2 = x repeats exactly ! h\r ( ! day1 & tells y nei!r m nor less ?an y desire to "k4--,bol+broke cor4 ,n ! ,mogul1 or ,cz> ( ,muscovy1 ,n ,pre/] ,john1 or ,*am ( ,t>t>y1 ,is 9 8 mansion mon>* m ?an ,i4--,k+ cor4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,v]bs4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv ,,& ,,its ,,notes4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,v]b ,,aft] ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,be=e y left ,sicily1 y 7 reconcil$ to ,v]res4--,duncan cor4 ,kn[+ t y 7 my old ma/]'s good fri5d4--,spect4 cor4 ,:5 ! judge d>es n act1 :]e is ! los]'s rem$y8--,web/] cor4 ,:i* ext5ds x no f>!r ?an ! v>iation ( ! v]b ext5ds4--,mur4 cor4 ,!y pres5tly dry )\t hurt1 z myself h (t5 prov$4--,r4 ,williams cor4 ,^: go+s-=? h be5 f ( old1 f ev]la/+4--,micah1 v1 #b4 ,y 7 paid to fight aga9/ ,alex&]1 n to rail at him4--,port] cor4 ,:]e m ?an "o "p ( spee* are almo/ always conc]n$4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,no?+ less ?an murd]s1 rap9es1 & conflagrations1 employs _! ?\ghts4 ,or3 ,no less ?+s ?an murd]s1 rap9es1 & conflagrations1 employ _! ?\ghts4--,duncan cor4 ,i wond]$ :]e y 71 my de>4--,lloyd cor4 ,:5 ?\ mo/ sweetly s+/4--,drummond cor4 ,:o d>es1 at ! pres5t day1 av[ himself equal to ! task8--,g>d9] cor4 ,e body is v k9d to h]1 & n disc\rte\s to me4--,byron cor4 ,z to :at ?\ say/ respect+ ! div]sity ( op9ions4--,m4 ,b4 cor4 ,?y nature1 ,immortality1 :o kn[s8--,ev]e/ cor4 ,! natural di/9ction ( sex 9 animals1 gives rise to :at1 9 gramm>1 are call$ g5d]s4--,id4 ,"s pa9s h likewise be5 tak54--,scott cor4 ,& _m a /e$ 9 8 /ables 0 se54--,p5w>ne cor4 ,!y 7 =c$ to eat :at nev] 0 e/eem$ food4--,josephus cor4 ,?is t y y\rself h spok51 ,i desire t !y may take _! oa?s ^u4--,hut*9son cor4 ,by m5 ^: exp]i5ce be/ qualifies !m to judge4--,committee cor4 ,he d>es v5ture to kill & de/roy sev]al o!r k9ds ( fi%4--,walton cor4 ,if a gudgeon meet a roa*1 ,he ne'er w v5ture to approa*4 ,or ?us3 ,if a gudgeon meets a roa*1 ,he d>es n v5ture to approa*4--,swift cor4 ,:i* ?\ endeav\r/ to e/abli% to ?yself4--,b>clay cor4 ,b !y pray toge!r mu* (t5] ?an ?\ ins9uat'/4--,id4 ,( p ( all d5om9ations1 ov] :om ?\ preside/4--,n4 ,waln cor4 ,i c produce ladies & g5tlem5 ^: progress has be5 a/oni%+4--,*azotte cor4 ,:i* ( ^! two k9ds ( vice is ! m crim9al8--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,e tw5ty-f\r h\rs af=d to u ! vicissitudes ( day & night4--,smi?'s ,false ,syntax1 ,new ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,or ?us3 ,e p]iod ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs af=ds to u ! vicissitudes ( day & night4--,smi? cor4 ,e f\r ye>s add an o!r day4--,smi?'s ,false ,syntax1 ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,bett] ?us3 ,e f\r? ye> adds an o!r day4--,smi? cor4 ,e error ,i c\ld f9d1 ,has my busy muse employ$4--,swift cor4 ,a /udi\s s*ol> des]ves ! approbation ( 8 tea*]4--,sanborn cor4 ,p]fect submission to ! rules ( a s*ool indicates good bre$+4--,id4 ,a comp>ison 9 :i* m ?an two are conc]n$4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #gh4 ,by ! facilities :i* artificial language af=ds !m4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,n[ ?yself ha/ lo/ bo? lop & top4--,sp5c] cor4 ,glad tid+s are br\ght to ! poor4--,campbell cor4 ,^u :i*1 all t is pleasurable or affect+ 9 elocution1 *iefly dep5ds4--,%]4 cor4 ,no pa9s h be5 sp>$ to r5d] ?is "w complete4--,bullions cor4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates conta9 m ?an a tw5tie? "p ( ! l& ( ?is globe4--,cl9ton cor4 ,i am m9dful t myself am /rong4--,f[l] cor4 ,myself am 7n is7 weak2--,?yself art 7n is7 weak4--,id4 ,h[ pale ea* wor%ipful & rev]5d gue/ ,rises f cl]ical or city fea/6--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,v]b ,,be=e ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,:]e 7 y born8 ,9 ,london4--,bu*anan cor4 ,!re are frequ5t occasions = commas4--,+]soll cor4 ,!re necess>ily foll[ f !nce ^! pla9 & unque/ionable consequ5ces4--,prie/ley cor4 ,& to ?is impression contributes ! r$\bl$ ef=t4--,kames cor4 ,or1 if he 01 7 !re no spiritual m5 !n8--,b>clay cor4 ,s1 by ^! two also1 are signifi$ _! contr>y pr9ciples4--,id4 ,9 ! motions made ) ! h&s1 consi/s ! *ief "p ( ge/ure 9 speak+4--,blair cor4 ,d>es he assume ! "n ( a popul> magi/rate8--,duncan cor4 ,!re 7 no damages z 9 ,engl&1 & s ,scott lo/ 8 wag]4--,byron cor4 ,9 fact1 !re exi/ su* resemblances4--,kames cor4 ,to him give all ! prophets witness4--,acts1 x1 #dc4 ,t !re 7 s _m witnesses & actors4--,addison cor4 ,h[ d ?is man's def9itions /& affect$8--,colli] cor4 ,:5ce come all ! p[]s & pr]ogatives ( rational be+s8--,id4 ,nor d ! scriptures cit$ by !e prove ?y int5t4--,b>clay cor4 ,nor does ! scripture cit$ by !e prove ! contr>y4--,id4 ,:y !n cite/ ?\ a scripture :i* is s pla9 & cle> = x8--,id4 ,b :at say ! ,scriptures z to respect ( p]sons among ,*ri/ians8--,id4 ,b 9 ! m9d ( man1 :ile 9 ! savage /ate1 !re seem to be h>dly any ideas b :at ent] by ! s5ses2--,rob]tson cor4 ,:at s\nds has ea* ( ! v[els8--,griscom cor4 ,out ( ?is h gr[n up ari/ocracies1 mon>*ies1 despotisms1 tyrannies4--,br[nson cor4 ,& !re 7 tak5 up1 ( fragm5ts t rema9$ to !m1 twelve baskets4--,bible cor4 ,!re seem to be b two g5]al classes4--,day cor4 ,h5ce arise ! six =ms ( express+ "t4--,id4 ,!re seem to be no o!r words requir$4--,*&l] cor4 ,if !re are two1 ! second increm5t is ! syllable next to ! la/4--,bullions cor4 ,h5ce arise ! foll[+ advantages4--,id4 ,!re are no data by :i* x c be e/imat$4--,calh\n cor4 ,to ?is class1 belongs ! ,*9ese language1 9 :i* we h no?+ b nak$ primitives4--,f[l] cor4 ,fi/ ,no?+ b nak$ roots is faulty2 because no ^w is a root1 except "s d]ivative spr+ f x4--,g4 ,b4 ,!re 7 sev]al o!r grotesque figures t pres5t$ !mselves4--,spect4 cor4 ,9 ^! consi/s t sov]eign good :i* anci5t sages s mu* extol4--,p]cival cor4 ,"h come ^? ,i h done good to aga9/ my w4--,%ak4 cor4 ,:]e !re are m ?an "o auxili>y4 ,or3 ,:]e !re are m auxili>ies ?an "o4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,on me to ca/ ^? eyes :]e %9es nobility4 --,sidney cor4 ,"h are half-p5ce 9 pl5ty1 = "o y'll h tw5ty4 --,swift cor4 ,ah1 ,jockey1 ill advise/ ?\4 ,i wis1 ,to ?9k ( songs at su* a "t z ?is4 --,*ur*ill cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,relative ,,& ,,v]b4 ,?\1 :o love/ u1 wilt protect u /ill4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,to use t ende>+ language1 ',our ,fa!r1 :o art 9 heav54'--,bates cor4 ,resembl+ ! passions t produce ^! actions4--,kames cor4 ,except dw>f1 grief1 ho(1 muff1 c41 :i* take s to make ! plural4--,a% cor4 ,z ! cattle t g be=e me1 & ! *ildr51 be able to endure4--,g54 cor4 ,:]e is ! man :o d>es affirm t su* an action is mad8--,dr4 ,pratt cor4 ,! n9? book ( ,livy af=ds "o ( ! mo/ beautiful exemplifications ( hi/orical pa9t+1 t are any:]e to be met )4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,9 "s /udies1 too1 t relate to ta/e & f9e writ+1 :i* are our object1 c4--,id4 ,( ^? affect+ situations :i* make man's he>t feel = man4--,id4 ,we see v pla9ly1 t x is nei!r ,osmyn nor ,jane ,%ore t speaks4--,id4 ,x %\ld assume t briskness & ease :i* are suit$ to ! fre$om ( dialogue4--,id4 ,yet !y grant1 t none ought to be admitt$ into ! m9i/ry1 b su* z are truly pi\s4--,b>clay cor4 ,?is lett] is "o ( ! be/ t h be5 writt5 ab\t ,"l ,byron4--,hunt cor4 ,?us1 besides :at 7 sunk1 ! ,a!nians took above two hundr$ %ips4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,to h made & decl>$ su* ord]s z 7 necess>y4--,hut*9son cor4 ,! idea ( su* a collection ( m5 z makes an army4--,locke cor4 ,i'm n ! fir/ t has be5 wret*$4--,s\!rn cor4 ,& ! fa9t sp>ks ( x :i* are 9 ! angels1 are conceal$ f our view4--,calv9 cor4 ,! subjects are ( su* a nature1 z all[s room 7or1 z to all[ room7 = mu* div]sity ( ta/e & s5tim5t4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,x is 9 ord] to propose examples ( su* p]fection1 z is n to be f\nd 9 ! real examples ( society4--,=mey cor4 ,i d n believe t he w\ld amuse himself ) su* fool]ies z h be5 attribut$ to him4--,id4 ,t %eph]d1 :o fir/ taught ! *os5 se$4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 i1 l4 #h4 ,) respect to ! vehem5ce & w>m? :i* are all[$ 9 popul> eloqu5ce4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,ambition is "o ( ^? passions t are nev] to be satisfi$4--,home cor4 ,?\ wa/ he t l$ out & br\ght 9 ,israel4--,bible cor4 ,art ?\ ! man ( ,god1 t came f ,judah8--,id4 ,h[ beauty is excell'd by manly grace ,& wisdom1 :i* alone are truly fair4--,milton cor4 ,:at art ?\1 speak1 t on designs unkn[n1 ,:ile o!rs sleep1 ?us roam/ ! camp alone8--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,nom9ative ,,) ,,adjuncts4 ,! lit]al s5se ( ! words is1 t ! action _h be5 done4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,! rapidity ( 8 movem5ts 0 beyond example4--,wells cor4 ,murray's ,gramm>1 toge!r ) 8 ,ex]cises & ,key1 has ne>ly sup]s$$ e ?+ else ( ! k9d4--,murray's ,rec4 cor4 ,! me*anism ( clocks & wat*es 0 totally unkn[n4--,hume cor4 ,! x1 toge!r ) ! v]b to be1 expresses a /ate ( be+4--,cobbett cor4 ,h5ce x is1 t ! pr(use v>iety ( objects 9 "s natural l&scapes1 occasions nei!r confusion nor fatigue4--,kames cor4 ,su* a clatt] ( s\nds indicates rage & f]ocity4--,g>d9] cor4 ,"o ( ! fields makes ?reescore squ>e y>ds1 & ! o!r1 only fifty-five4--,duncan cor4 ,! happy effects ( ?is fable are wor? att5d+ to4--,bailey cor4 ,yet ! glori\s s]5ity ( its p>t+ rays1 /ill l+]s ) u4--,g\ld cor4 ,en\gh ( its =m & =ce is reta9$ to r5d] !m uneasy4--,matur9 cor4 ,! works ( nature1 9 ?is respect1 are extremely regul>4--,pratt cor4 ,no small addition ( exotic & =eign words & phrases1 has be5 made by comm]ce4--,bicknell cor4 ,! dialect ( "s n\ns is notic$ 9 ! notes4--,milnes cor4 ,x has be5 said1 t a discov]y ( ! full res\rces ( ! arts1 af=ds ! means ( debasem5t1 or ( p]v]sion4--,ru% cor4 ,by :i* means1 ! ord] ( ! words is di/urb$4--,holmes cor4 ,! two-fold influ5ce ( ^! & ! o!rs1 requires ! v]b to be 9 ! plural =m4--,peirce cor4 ,& ea* ( ^! af=ds employm5t4--,p]cival cor4 ,! pronunciation ( ! v[els is be/ expla9$ "u ! rules relative to ! consonants4--,co> cor4 ,! judicial p[] ( ^! c\rts ext5ds to all cases 9 law & equity4--,hall & ,bak] cor4 ,"o ( y has /ol5 my money4--,humori/ cor4 ,su* r$undancy ( epi!ts1 9 /ead ( pleas+1 produces satiety & disgu/4--,kames cor4 ,x has be5 alleg$1 t a compliance ) ! rules ( ,rhetoric1 t5ds to cramp ! m9d4--,hiley cor4 ,ea* ( ^! is pres5t$ to u 9 diff]5t relations4--,h5drick cor4 ,! pa/ t5se ( ^! v]bs1 7%\ld1 w\ld1 might1 c\ld17 is v indef9ite ) respect to "t4--,bullions cor4 ,! p[] ( ! words :i* are said to gov]n ?is mood1 is di/9ctly und]/ood4--,*&l] cor4 ,& n[1 at l5g?1 ! fat$ t]m ( ye>s ,! _w's desire ha? br\ght1 & lo6 ! ,god appe>s4 --,l[? cor4 ,v>iety ( numb]s /ill belongs ,to ! s(t melody ( odes1 or songs4 --,brightl& cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,composite ,,or ,,conv]t$ ,,subjects4 ,_m are ! works ( human indu/ry1 :i* to beg9 & f9i%1 is h>dly grant$ to ! same man4--,johnson cor4 ,to lay d[n rules = ^!1 is z inefficaci\s4--,pratt cor4 ,to pr(ess reg>d & act injuri\sly1 discov]s a base m9d4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,to magnify to ! height ( wond] ?+s great1 new1 & admirable1 extremely pleases ! m9d ( man4--,fi%] cor4 ,9 ?is passage1 'accord+ z' is us$ 9 a mann] :i* is v common4--,web/] cor4 ,a ,,cause ,,de1 is call$ a preposition2 ,a ,,cause ,,que1 a conjunction4--,web/] cor4 ,to ^! x is giv5 to speak 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,:ile :eat has no plural1 oats has seldom any s+ul>4--,cobbett cor4 ,he _c ass]t t ll 7i4e41 d\ble ,ell7 is ins]t$ 9 fullness to d5ote ! s\nd ( u--,cobb cor4 ,*1 9 ,lat91 has ! p[] ( k4--,g\ld cor4 ,ti1 be=e a v[el1 & unacc5t$1 has ! s\nd ( si or ci4--,id4 ,9 words d]iv$ f ,fr5*1 z *agr91 *ican]y1 & *aise1 * is s\nd$ l %4--,bucke cor4 ,b1 9 ! words s*ism1 s*ismatic1 c41 ! * is sil5t4--,id4 ,ph1 at ! beg9n+ ( words1 is always s\nd$ l f4--,bucke cor4 ,ph has ! s\nd ( f z 9 philosophy4--,web/] cor4 ,% has "o s\nd only1 z 9 %all4--,id4 ,? has two s\nds4--,id4 ,sc1 be=e a1 o1 u1 or r1 has ! s\nd ( sk4--,id4 ,aw has ! s\nd ( a 9 hall4--,bolles cor4 ,ew s\nds l u--,id4 ,ow1 :5 bo? v[els are s\nd$1 has ! p[] ( ou 9 ?\4--,id4 ,ui1 :5 bo? v[els are pron\nc$ 9 "o syllable1 s\nds l wi %ort1 z 9 languid4--,id4 ,ui ?ree o!r s\nds at lea/ expresses1 ,z :o he>s ,,guile1 ,,rebuild1 & ,,bruise1 confesses4 --,brightl& cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,ea*1 ,,"o1 ,,ei!r1 ,,& ,,nei!r4 ,:5 ea* ( ! lett]s :i* compose ?is ^w1 has be5 le>n$4--,dr4 ,weeks cor4 ,z nei!r ( u d5ies t bo? ,hom] & ,virgil h great beauties4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,yet nei!r ( !m is rem>kable = precision4--,id4 ,h[ f> ea* ( ! ?ree great epic poets has di/+ui%$ himself4--,id4 ,ea* ( ^! produces a sep>ate1 agreeable s5sation4--,id4 ,on ! ,"l's day1 e "o ( u ,*ri/ians keeps ! sabba?4--,tr4 ( ,ir54 cor4 ,& ea* ( !m be>s ! image ( purity & hol9ess4--,hope ( ,is4 cor4 ,0 ei!r ( ^! meet+s ev] ackn[l$g$ or recogniz$8--,fo/] cor4 ,:il/ nei!r ( ^! lett]s exi/s 9 ! ,eugubian inscription4--,knight cor4 ,& nei!r ( !m is prop]ly t]m$ indef9ite4--,dr4 ,wilson cor4 ,z likewise ( ! sev]al subjects1 :i* h 9 effect _! sev]al v]bs3 or1--ea* ( :i* has 9 effect its own v]b4--,l[? cor4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! ^w ends 9 s1 nei!r ( ! signs is us$4--,a4 ,mur4 cor4 ,& z nei!r ( ^! mann]s (f5ds ! e>4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,nei!r ( ^! two t5ses is conf9$ to ?is signification only4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,b nei!r ( ^! circum/ances is int5d$ "h4--,tooke cor4 ,s t all are indebt$ to ea*1 & ea* is dep5d5t ^u all4--,bible ,rep4 cor4 ,& yet nei!r ( !m expresses any m action 9 ?is case1 ?an x did 9 ! o!r4--,bullions cor4 ,ea* ( ^! expressions d5otes action4--,hallock cor4 ,nei!r ( ^! moods seems to be def9$ by di/9ct b\nd>ies4--,butl] cor4 ,nei!r ( ^! solutions is correct4--,bullions cor4 ,nei!r be>s any sign ( case at all4--,f[l] cor4 ,ea* 9 8 turn1 l ,banquo's mon>*s1 /alks4 ,or3-- ,all 9 _! turn1 l ,banquo's mon>*s1 /alk4--,byron cor4 ,& tell :at ea* do? by ! o!r lose4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,v]b ,,betwe5 ,,two ,,nom9atives4 ,! qu>rels ( lov]s are b a r5ewal ( love4--,adam et al4 cor4 ,two dots1 "o plac$ above ! o!r1 are call$ a ,%eva4--,wilson cor4 ,a few c5turies m or less are a matt] ( small consequ5ce4--,id4 ,pictures 7 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! art ( writ+2 hi]oglyphics 7 ! second /ep4--,p>k] cor4 ,! comel9ess ( y\? is mode/y & frankness2 ( age1 condesc5sion & dignity4 ,or1 mu* bett]3 ,! great ornam5ts ( y\? are1 c4--,murray cor4 ,m]it & good works are ! end ( man's motion4--,bacon cor4 ,div]s philosoph]s hold1 t ! lips are p>cel ( ! m9d4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! clo?+ ( ! natives 0 ! sk9s ( wild bea/s4 ,or ?us3 ,! clo!s ( ! natives 7 sk9s ( wild bea/s4--,hi/4 cor4 ,prepossessions 9 fav\r ( our native t[n1 are n a matt] ( surprise4--,web/] cor4 ,two %ill+s & sixp5ce are half a cr[n1 b n a half cr[n4--,prie/ley & ,bicknell cor4 ,two v[els1 pron\nc$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice1 & unit+ 9 "o s\nd1 are call$ a diph?ong4--,coop] cor4 ,two or m s5t5ces unit$ toge!r are call$ a ,comp\nd ,s5t5ce4--,day cor4 ,two or m words rightly put toge!r1 b n complet+ an entire proposition1 are call$ a ,phrase4--,id4 ,b ! common numb] ( times is five4 ,or1 to /ate ! matt] truly3 ,b ! common numb] ( t5ses is six4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,te*nical t]ms1 injudici\sly introduc$1 are an o!r s\rce ( d>kness 9 composition4--,jamieson cor4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates are ! great middle division ( ,nor? ,am]ica4--,morse cor4 ,a great cause ( ! l[ /ate ( indu/ry1 0 ! re/ra9ts put ^u x4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aii2 ,*ur*ill's1 #dad4 ,"h two tall %ips become ! victor's prey4--,r[e cor4 ,! exp5ses incid5t to an outfit are surely no object4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,p]haps _! loves1 or else _! %eep1 ,7 all t did _! silly ?\ghts s busy keep4--,milt4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,*ange ,,( ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,mu* c>e has be5 tak51 to expla9 all ! k9ds ( words4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gr4 cor4 ,n few] ye>s ?an ?ree ye>s1 are sp5t 9 atta9+ ?is faculty4 ,or1 p]haps bett]3 ,n less ?an ?ree ye>s' "t1 is sp5t 9 atta9+ ?is faculty4 ,or ?us3 ,n less "t ?an ?ree ye>s1 is sp5t1 c4--,g>d9] cor4 ,:]e ?is night are met 9 /ate ,_m fri5ds to gratulate ,8 wi%'d pres5ce4--,milton cor4 ,peace6 my d>l+1 "h's no dang]1 ,"h's no ox ane> ?y b$4--,watts cor4 ,b all ( ^! are m]e conjectures1 & "s ( !m v unhappy ones4--,col]idge cor4 ,! old !ori/s' practice ( call+ ! ,int]rogatives & ,repli]s ,,adv]bs1 is only a "p ( _! regul> sy/em ( nam+ words4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,:]e sev]al s5t5ces occur1 place !m 9 ! ord] ( ! facts4--,id4 ,& t all ! ev5ts 9 conjunction make a regul> *a9 ( causes & effects4--,kames cor4 ,9 reg>d to _! orig91 ! ,grecian & ,roman republics1 ?\gh equally involv$ 9 ! obscurities & unc]ta9ties ( fabul\s ev5ts1 pres5t "o rem>kable di/9ction4--,adams cor4 ,9 ^! respects1 man is left by nature an un=m$1 unf9i%$ creature4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,! ,scriptures are ! oracles ( ,god himself4--,hook] cor4 ,& at our gates are all k9ds ( pleasant fruits4--,s4 ,song cor4 ,! pret]its ( pluck1 look1 & toss1 are1 9 spee*1 pron\nc$ pluckt1 lookt1 tos/4--,f[l] correct$4 ,sev]e ! doom t days prolong$ impose1 ,to /& sad witness ( unnumb]$ woes6--,melmo? cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,=ms ,,adapt$ ,,to ,,diff]5t ,,/yles4 #a4 ,=ms adapt$ to ! ,common or ,famili> ,/yle4 ,0 x ?\#ech t built t h\se8--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 ,key1 p4 #bgj4 ,t boy writes v elegantly4--,ib4 ,c\ld n ?\ write )\t blott+ ?y book8--,ib4 ,do/ n ?\ ?9k--or1 ,don't ?\ ?9k1 x w ra9 to-day8--,ib4 ,does n--or1 ,don't y\r c\s9 int5d to visit y8--,ib4 ,t boy has torn my book4--,ib4 ,0 x ?\ t spread ! hay8--,ib4 ,0 x ,james1 or ?\1 t let him 98--,ib4 ,he d>es n say a ^w4--,ib4 ,?\ /ood 9 my way & h9d]$ me4--,ib4 ,:om d ,i see8--,:om do/ ?\ see n[8--,:om does he see8--,:om do/ ?\ love mo/8--,:at art ?\ do+ to-day8--,:at p]son do/ ?\ see tea*+ t boy8--,he has two new knives4--,:i* road do/ ?\ take8--,:at *ild is he tea*+8--,+]soll cor4 ,?\1 :o mak'/ my %oes1 sell/ _m m4 ,or ?us3 ,y1 :o make my %oes1 sell _m m4--,id4 ,! ,engli% language has be5 mu* cultivat$ dur+ ! la/ two hundr$ ye>s4 ,x has be5 consid]ably poli%$ & ref9$4--,l[? cor4 ,?is /yle is o/5tati\s1 & does n suit grave writ+4--,prie/ley cor4 ,b cu/om has n[ appropriat$ :o to p]sons1 & :i* to ?+s & brute animals4--,id4 ,! indicative mood %[s or decl>es some?+2 z1 ,ego amo1 ,i love2 or else asks a "q2 z1 ,amas tu8 ,do/ ?\ love8--,paul's ,ac4 cor4 ,?\gh ?\ _c d mu* = ! cause1 ?\ may & %\ld d some?+4--,murray cor4 ,! support ( s _m ( 8 relations1 0 a heavy tax3 b ?\ kn[/ 7or1 y "k7 he paid x *e]fully4--,id4 ,x may1 & (t5 does1 come %ort ( x4--,murrays ,gram41 p4 #cei4 ',twas ?\1 :o1 :ile ?\ seem'd to *ide1 ,to give me all ?y pittance tri$4--,mit=d cor4 #b4 ,=ms adapt$ to ! ,solemn or ,biblical ,/yle4 ,! ,"l ha? prep>$ 8 ?rone 9 ! heav5s2 & 8 k+dom rule? ov] all4--,psalms1 ciii1 #ai4 ,?\ answ]$/ !m1 ,o ,"l our ,god2 ?\ wa/ a ,god t =gave#eci !m1 ?\gh ?\ tooke/ v5geance ( _! inv5tions4--,see ,psalms1 xcix1 #h4 ,!n ?\ spake/ 9 vision to ?y ,holy ,"o1 & said/1 ,i h laid help ^u "o t is mighty4--,ib41 lxxxix1 #ai4 ',s !n1 x is n ( him t wille?1 nor ( him t runne?1 b ( ,god t %[e? m]cy2' :o disp5se? 8 bless+s1 :e!r temporal or spiritual1 z seeme? good 9 8 sight4--,*ri/ian ,exp]i5ce ( ,/4 ,paul1 p4 #cdd2 see ,rom41 ix1 #af4 ,?\1 ! mean :ile1 wa/ bl5d+ ) my ?\ght2 ,yea1 ) my life1 & life's own secret joy4--,col]idge cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,express ,,! ,,nom9ative4 ,:o is "h s base1 t he w\ld be a bondman8--,%ak4 cor4 ,:o is "h s rude1 he w\ld n be a ,roman8--,id4 ,!re is n a sp>r[ :i* falls to ! gr\nd )\t 8 notice4 ,or bett]3 ,n a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd1 )\t 8 notice4--,murray cor4 ,9 ord] to adju/ !m 9 su* a mann] z %all consi/ equally ) ! p]spicuity & ! /r5g? ( ! p]iod4--,id4 & ,blair cor4 ,b sometimes !re is a v]b :i* comes 94 ,bett]3 ,b sometimes !re is a v]b introduc$4--,cobbett cor4 ,mr4 ,pr9ce has a g5ius :i* w\ld prompt him to bett] ?+s4--,spect4 cor4 ,x is ?is t removes t imp5etrable mi/4--,h>ris cor4 ,by ! praise :i* is giv5 him = 8 c\rage4--,locke cor4 ,!re is no man :o w\ld be m welcome "h4--,/eele cor4 ,betwe5 an antec$5t & a consequ5t1 or :at goes be=e1 & :at imm$iately foll[s4--,blair cor4 ,& z connect$ ) :at goes be=e & :at foll[s4--,id4 ,no man do? a wrong = ! wrong's sake4--,bacon cor4 ,all ! v>i\s mis]ies ( life1 :i* p br+ ^u !mselves by neglig5ce or folly1 & :i* might h be5 avoid$ by prop] c>e1 are in/ances ( ?is4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,anci5t philosoph]s h taught _m ?+s 9 fav\r ( morality1 s f> at lea/ z x respects ju/ice & goodness t[>ds our fell[-creatures4--,full] cor4 ,inde$1 if !re be any su*1 :o h be51 or :o appe> to be ( u1 z suppose !re is n a wise man among u all1 nor an hone/ man1 t is able to judge betwixt 8 bre?r52 we %all n covet to m$dle 9 _! matt]s4--,b>clay cor4 ,!re 7 "s t drew back2 !re 7 "s t made %ipwreck ( fai?2 yea1 !re 7 "s t br\ght 9 damnable h]esies4--,id4 ,! nature ( ! cause r5d]$ ?is plan altoge!r prop]2 &1 "u simil> circum/ances1 ! orator's me?od is fit to be imitat$4--,blair cor4 ,?is is an idiom to :i* our language is /rongly incl9$1 & :i* 0 =m]ly v preval5t4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,8 roots are wrapp$ ab\t ! heap1 & he see? ! place ( /ones4--,bible cor4 ,new ,york1 ,fif?mon? #c;d1 #ahbc4 ,de> fri5d1 ,i am sorry to he> ( ?y loss2 b ,i hope x may be retriev$4 ,i %\ld be happy to r5d] !e any assi/ance 9 my p[]4 ,i %all call to see !e to-morr[ morn+4 ,accept assurances ( my reg>d4 ,a4 ,b4 ,new ,york1 ,may #c;d1 ,p4 ,m41 #ahbc4 ,de> sir1 ,i h j receiv$ ! k9d note y fav\r$ me ) ?is morn+2 & ,i _c =be> to express my gratitude to y4 ,on fur!r in=mation1 ,i f9d ,i h n lo/ s mu* z ,i at fir/ suppos$2 & ,i believe ,i %all /ill be able to meet all my engagem5ts4 ,i %\ld1 h[ev]1 be happy to see y4 ,accept1 de> sir1 my mo/ cordial ?anks4 ,c4 ,d4 ,see ,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #bga4 ,w m>tial flames =ev] fire ?y m9d1 ,& wilt ?\ nev] be to ,heav5 resign'd8--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,application ,,( ,,moods4 ,fir/ ,clause ( ! ,note4--,! ,subjunctive ,pres5t4 ,he w n be p>don$ unless he rep5t4--,in/41 p4 #aia4 ,if ?\ f9d any k]nelwort 9 ?is m>%y mead[1 br+ x to me4--,neef cor4 ,if ?\ leave ! room1 d n =get to %ut t draw]4--,id4 ,if ?\ grasp x /\tly1 ?\ wilt n be hurt3 or1 7famili>ly17--?\ w n be hurt4--,id4 ,on condition t he come1 ,i w cons5t to /ay4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bjh4 ,if he be b discreet1 he w succe$4--,in/41 p4 #bhj4 ,take he$ t ?\ speak n to ,jacob4--,g541 xxxi1 #bd4 ,if ?\ ca/ me (f1 ,i %all be mis]able4--,in/41 p4 #bhj4 ,s5d !m to me1 if ?\ please4--,ib4 ,wat* ! door ( ?y lips1 le/ ?\ utt] folly4--,ib4 ,?\gh a li> speak ! tru?1 he w h>dly be believ$4--,b>tlett cor4 ,i w g1 unless ,i be ill4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,if ! ^w or words und]/ood be suppli$1 ! true con/ruction w be app>5t4--,id4 ,unless ?\ see ! propriety ( ! measure1 we %all n desire ?y support4--,id4 ,unless ?\ make a timely retreat1 ! dang] w be unavoidable4--,id4 ,we may live happily1 ?\gh our possessions be small4--,id4 ,if !y be c>efully /udi$1 !y w enable ! /ud5t to p>se all ! ex]cises4--,id4 ,if ! acc5t be fairly pres]v$ on ! prop] syllable1 ?is drawl+ s\nd w nev] be he>d4--,id4 ,"o phrase may1 9 po9t ( s5se1 be equival5t to an o!r1 ?\gh its grammatical nature be ess5tially diff]5t4--,id4 ,if any man obey n our ^w by ?is epi/le1 note t man4--#b ,!ss41 iii1 #ad4 ,?y skill w be ! great]1 if ?\ hit x4--,putnam1 ,cobb1 or ,kn[les1 cor4 ,we %all ov]take him1 ?\gh he run4--,prie/ley et al4 cor4 ,we %all be disgu/$1 if he give u too mu*4--,blair cor4 ,:at is't to !e1 if he neglect ?y urn1 ,or )\t spices let ?y body burn8--,dryd5 cor4 ,second ,clause ( ,note ,,ix4--,! ,subjunctive ,imp]fect4#edj ,& s w\ld ,i1 if ,i 7 he4--,in/41 p4 #aia4 ,if ,i 7 a ,greek1 ,i %\ld resi/ ,turki% despotism4--,c>dell cor4 ,if he 7 to g1 he w\ld att5d to y\r bus9ess4--,id4 ,if ?\ felt z ,i d1 we %\ld soon decide4--,in/41 p4 #bhj4 ,?\gh ?\ %$ ?y blood 9 ! cause1 x w\ld b prove !e s9c]ely a fool4--,ib4 ,if ?\ lov$ him1 !re w\ld be m evid5ce ( x4--,ib4 ,if ?\ conv9c$ him1 he w\ld n act accord+ly4--,murray cor4 ,if !re 7 no lib]ty1 !re w\ld be no real crime4--,=mey cor4 ,if ! h\se 7 burnt d[n1 ! case w\ld be ! same4--,fo/] cor4 ,z if ! m9d 7 n always 9 action1 :5 x pref]s any ?+4--,we/ cor4 ,suppose ,i 7 to say1 ',light is a body4'--,h>ris cor4 ,if ei!r oxyg5 or azote 7 omitt$1 life w\ld be de/roy$4--,gurney cor4 ,! v]b d>e is sometimes us$ z if x 7 an auxili>y4--,prie/ley cor4 ,a c]ta9 lady1 :om ,i c\ld "n1 if x 7 necess>y4--,spect4 cor4 ,if ! e 7 dropp$1 c & g w\ld assume _! h>d s\nds4--,bu*anan cor4 ,he w\ld no m compreh5d x1 ?an if x 7 ! spee* ( a ,hott5tot4--,neef cor4 ,if ?\ knew ! gift ( ,god1 c4--,bible cor4 ,i wi% ,i 7 at home4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,fact alone does n con/itute "r3 if x did1 g5]al w>rants 7 lawful4--,junius cor4 ,?\ look/ ^u ?y boy1 z ?\gh ?\ guess$ x4--,putnam1 ,cobb1 or ,kn[les1 cor4 ,he f\ght z if he cont5d$ = life4--,hiley cor4 ,he f\ght z if he 7 cont5d+ = 8 life4--,id4 ,! dewdrop gli/5s on ?y leaf1 ,z if ?\ %$ = me a te>2 ,z if ?\ knew my tale ( grief1 ,felt all my suff]+s sev]e4--,le?am cor4 ,la/ ,clause ( ,note ,,ix4--,! ,indicative ,mood4 ,if he kn[s ! way1 he does n ne$ a guide4--,in/41 p4 #aia4 ,& if !re is no diff]5ce1 "o ( !m mu/ be sup]flu\s1 & ought to be reject$4--,murray cor4 ,i _c say t ,i admire ?is con/ruction ?\gh x is mu* us$4--,prie/ley cor4 ,we are disappo9t$1 if ! v]b does n imm$iately foll[ x4--,id4 ,if x 0 !y1 t act$ s ungratefully1 !y are d\bly 9 fault4--,murray cor4 ,if art becomes app>5t1 x disgu/s ! read]4--,jamieson cor4 ,?\gh p]spicuity is m prop]ly a rhetorical ?an a grammatical quality1 ,i ?\ght x bett] to include x 9 ?is book4--,campbell cor4 ,al?\gh ! effici5t cause is obscure1 ! f9al cause ( ^? s5sations lies op54--,blair cor4 ,al?\gh ! b>r5ness ( language1 or ! want ( words1 is d\btless "o cause ( ! inv5tion ( tropes4--,id4 ,?\gh x en=ces n its in/ructions1 yet x furni%es a great] v>iety4--,id4 ,9 o!r cases1 ?\gh ! idea is "o1 ! words rema9 q sep>ate4--,prie/ley cor4 ,?\gh ! =m ( our language is m simple1 & has t peculi> beauty4--,bu*anan cor4 ,human works are ( no significancy till !y are complet$4--,kames cor4 ,our disgu/ less5s gradually till x vani%es altoge!r4--,id4 ,& our reli% improves by use1 till x arrives at p]fection4--,id4 ,s long z he keeps himself 9 8 own prop] elem5t4--,coke cor4 ,:e!r ?is translation 0 ev] publi%$ or n1 ,i am :olly ignorant4--,sale cor4 ,x is false to affirm1 ',z x is day1 x is light1' unless x actually is day4--,h>ris cor4 ,b we may at midnight affirm1 ',if x is day1 x is light4'--,id4 ,if ! ,bible is true1 x is a volume ( unspeakable int]e/4--,dick9son cor4 ,?\gh he 0 a son1 yet le>n$ he ob$i5ce by ! ?+s :i* he suff]$4--,bible cor4 ,if ,david !n calle? 7or calls7 him ,"l1 h[ is he 8 son8--,id4 ',tis h>d to say1 if great] want ( skill ,appe>s 9 writ+1 or 9 judg+1 ill4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,false ,,subjunctives4 ,if a man has built a h\se1 ! h\se is 84--,wayl& cor4 ,if ,god has requir$ !m ( him1 z is ! fact1 he has "t4--,id4 ,unless a previ\s und]/&+ to ! contr>y has be5 _h ) ! pr9cipal4--,b]rian cor4 ,o6 if ?\ ha/ hid !m 9 "s fl[]y cave4--,milton cor4 ,o6 if ,jove's w has l9k$ t amor\s p[] to ?y s(t lay4--,id4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood3 ,if ?\ love1 ,if ?\ lov$4--,dr4 ,prie/ley1 ,dr4 ,murray1 ,john ,burn1 ,david ,blair1 ,h>rison1 & o!rs4 ,till ,religion1 ! pilot ( ! s\l1 ha? l5t !e h] unfa?omable coil4--,tupp] cor4 ,:e!r nature or art contributes mo/ to =m an orator1 is a trifl+ inquiry4--,blair cor4 ,ye> aft] ye> /eals some?+ f u1 till ! decay+ fabric tott]s ( itself1 & at l5g? crumbles into du/4--,murray cor4 ,if spiritual pride has n entirely vanqui%$ humility4--,we/ cor4 ,:e!r he has gor$ a son1 or has gor$ a daught]4--,bible cor4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! object introduc$ by way ( simile1 relates to :at goes be=e or to :at foll[s4--,kames cor4 ,& bridle 9 ?y headlong wave1 ,till ?\ our summons answ]'d ha/4 ,or3-- ,& bridle 9 ?y headlong wave1 ,till ?\ ha/ grant$ :at we crave4--,milt4 cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv ,,& ,,its ,,note4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,plurality4 ,! g5try are punctili\s 9 _! etiquette4--,g4 ,b4 ,9 ,france1 ! peasantry g b>efoot1 & ! middle sort make use ( wood5 %oes4--,h>vey cor4 ,! p rejoice 9 t :i* %\ld cause sorr[4--,murray v>i$4 ,my p are fooli%1 !y h n kn[n me4--,bible & ,l[? cor4 ,= ! p speak1 b d n write4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,s t all ! p t 7 9 ! camp1 trembl$4--,bible cor4 ,no company l to confess t !y are ignorant4--,todd cor4 ,f> ! great] "p ( _! captives 7 anci5tly sacrific$4--,rob]tson cor4 ,m ?an "o half ( !m 7 cut (f be=e ! return ( spr+4--,id4 ,! o!r class1 t]m$ ,figures ( ,?\ght1 suppose ! words to be us$ 9 _! prop] & lit]al mean+4--,blair & ,mur4 cor4 ,a multitude ( words 9 _! dialect approa* to ! ,teutonic =m1 & !re=e af=d excell5t assi/ance4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,a great majority ( our au?ors are defective 9 mann]4--,j4 ,br[n cor4 ,! great] "p ( ^! new-co9$ words h be5 reject$4--,tooke cor4 ,! great] "p ( ! words x conta9s1 are subject to c]ta9 modifications or inflections4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,:ile all our y\? pref] h] to ! re/4--,wall] cor4 ,mank9d are appo9t$ to live 9 a future /ate4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,! great] "p ( human k9d speak & act :olly by imitation4--,rambl]1 ,no4 #adf4 ,! greate/ "p ( human gratifications approa* s ne>ly to vice4--,id41 ,no4 #afj4 ,:ile /ill ! busy _w are tread+ o'er ,! pa?s !y trod five ?\s& ye>s be=e4--,"y cor4 ,,"u ,,! ,,note4--,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,unity4 ,9 old ,engli%1 ?is species ( words 0 num]\s4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,& a s]ies ( ex]cises 9 false gramm> is introduc$ t[>ds ! end4--,fro/ cor4 ,& a jury1 9 con=mity ) ! same idea1 0 anci5tly call$ homagium1 ! homage1 or manhood4--,web/] cor4 ,) respect to ! =m]1 !re is inde$ a pl5ty ( means4--,kames cor4 ,! numb] ( s*ool di/ricts has increas$ s9ce ! la/ ye>4--,?roop cor4 ,! ,ye>ly ,meet+ has pur*as$ ) its funds ^! publications4--,fo/] cor4 ,has ! legislature p[] to prohibit assemblies8--,sullivan cor4 ,s t ! :ole numb] ( ! /reets 0 fifty4--,roll9 cor4 ,! numb] ( inhabitants 0 n m ?an f\r millions4--,smollett cor4 ,! h\se ( ,commons 0 ( small weight4--,hume cor4 ,! assembly ( ! wick$ ha? 7or has7 inclos$ me4--,psal4 cor4 ,e k9d ( conv5i5ce & com=t is provid$4--,c4 ,s4 ,j\rnal cor4 ,amid/ ! great decrease ( ! inhabitants 9 ,spa91 ! body ( ! cl]gy has suff]$ no dim9ution2 b x has r be5 gradually increas+4--,payne cor4 ,small z ! numb] ( inhabitants is1 yet _! pov]ty is extreme4--,id4 ,! numb] ( ! names 0 ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty4--,w>e & ,acts cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvi ,,& ,,its ,,notes4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself--,,! ,,v]b ,,aft] ,,jo9t ,,nom9atives4 ,s mu* ability & s mu* m]it are seldom f\nd4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,! etymology & syntax ( ! language are ?us spread be=e ! le>n]4--,bullions cor4 ,dr4 ,johnson tells u1 t1 9 ,engli% poetry1 ! acc5t & ! quantity ( syllables are ! same ?+4--,adams cor4 ,_! g5]al scope & t5d5cy1 hav+ nev] be5 cle>ly appreh5d$1 are n rememb]$ at all4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! soil & sov]eignty 7 n pur*as$ ( ! natives4--,knapp cor4 ,! boldness1 fre$om1 & v>iety1 ( our blank v]se1 are inf9itely m fav\rable to sublimity ( /yle1 ?an are ! con/ra9t & uni=mity ( rhyme4--,blair cor4 ,! vivacity & s5sibility ( ! ,greeks seem to h be5 mu* great] ?an ours4--,id4 ,= sometimes ! mood & t5se are signifi$ by ! v]b1 sometimes !y are signifi$ ( ! v]b by some?+ else4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,! v]b & ! n\n mak+ a complete s5se1 :]eas ! p>ticiple & ! n\n d n4--,id4 ,! gr[? & decay ( passions & emotions1 trac$ ?r\gh all _! mazes1 are a subject too ext5sive = an und]tak+ l ! pres5t4--,kames cor4 ,! true mean+ & etymology ( "s ( 8 words 7 lo/4--,knight cor4 ,:5 ! =ce & direction ( p]sonal satire are no long] und]/ood4--,junius cor4 ,! frame & condition ( man admit ( no o!r pr9ciple4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,"s consid]able "t & c>e 7 necess>y4--,id4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is idea1 mu* ridicule & c5sure h be5 ?r[n ^u ,milton4--,blair cor4 ,) rational be+s1 nature & reason are ! same ?+4--,colli] cor4 ,& ! flax & ! b>ley 7 smitt54--,bible cor4 ,! colon & semicolon divide a p]iod2 ?is )1 & t )\t1 a connective4--,w>e cor4 ,consequ5tly1 :]ev] space & "t are f\nd1 !re ,god mu/ also be4--,newton cor4 ,z ! pa/ t5se & p]fect p>ticiple ( ,,love end 9 ,,ed1 x is regul>4--,*&l] cor4 ,b ! usual arrangem5t & nom5clature prev5t ?is f be+ readily se54--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,d & did simply imply opposition or emphasis4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,i & an o!r make ! plural ,,we2 ?\ & an o!r are equival5t to ,,ye2 he1 %e1 or x1 & an o!r1 make ,,!y4--,id4 ,i & an o!r or o!rs are ! same z ,,we1 ! fir/ p]son plural2 ?\ & an o!r or o!rs are ! same z ,,ye1 ! second p]son plural2 he1 %e1 or x1 & an o!r or o!rs1 are ! same z ,,!y1 ! ?ird p]son plural4--,bu*anan & ,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,god & ?\ are two1 & ?\ & ?y neighb\r are two4--,love ,conque/ cor4 ,j z ,,an & ,a h aris5 out ( ! num]al ,,"o4--,f[l] cor4 ,! tone & /yle ( all ( !m1 p>ticul>ly ( ! fir/ & ! la/1 are v diff]5t4--,blair cor4 ,ev5 z ! roebuck & ! h>t are eat54--,bible cor4 ,!n ,i may conclude t two & ?ree d n make five4--,b>clay cor4 ,:i*1 at sundry times1 ?\ & ?y bre?r5 h receiv$ f u4--,id4 ,two & two are f\r1 & "o is five3 i1 e41 & "o1 add$ to f\r1 is five4--,pope cor4 ,humility & k ) poor app>el1 excel pride & ignorance "u co/ly array4--,see ,murray's ,key1 ,rule #b;d4 ,a page & a half h be5 add$ to ! section on composition4--,bullions cor4 ,accuracy & exp]tness 9 ?is ex]cise are an important acquisition4--,id4 ,woods & groves are ( ?y dress+1 ,hill & dale proclaim ?y bless+4 ,or ?us3-- ,hill & valley boa/ ?y bless+4--,milton cor4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,! ,,v]b ,,be=e ,,jo9t ,,nom9atives4 ,!re are a good & a bad1 a "r & a wrong1 9 ta/e1 z 9 o!r ?+s4--,blair cor4 ,:5ce h aris5 mu* /iffness & affectation4--,id4 ,to ?is error1 are ow+1 9 a great measure1 t intricacy & t h>%ness1 9 8 figurative language1 :i* ,i be=e notic$4--,blair & ,jamieson cor4 ,h5ce1 9 8 ,night ,?\ghts1 !re prevail an obscurity & a h>dness ( /yle4--,blair cor4 ,see ,jamieson's ,rhet41 p4 #afg4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 9 t "w1 mu* good s5se & excell5t criticism4--,blair cor4 ,!re are too mu* l[ wit & scurrility 9 ,plautus4 ,or3 ,!re is1 9 ,plautus1 too mu* ( l[ wit & scurrility4--,id4 ,!re are too mu* reason+ & ref9em5t1 too mu* pomp & /udi$ beauty1 9 !m4 ,or3 ,!re is too mu* ( reason+ & ref9em5t1 too mu* ( pomp & /udi$ beauty1 9 !m4--,id4 ,h5ce arise ! /ructure & *>act]i/ic expression ( exclamation4--,ru% cor4 ,& su* pilots are he & 8 bre?r51 accord+ to _! own confession4--,b>clay cor4 ,( :om are ,hym5eus & ,philetus2 :o conc]n+ ! tru? h err$4--,bible cor4 ,( :om are ,hym5eus & ,alex&]2 :om ,i h deliv]$ unto ,satan4--,id4 ,& s 7 ,james & ,john1 ! sons ( ,zeb$ee4--,id4 ,out ( ! same m\?1 proce$ bless+ & curs+4--,id4 ,out ( ! m\? ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 proce$ n evil & good4--,id4 ,9 :i* !re are mo/ pla9ly a "r & a wrong4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,9 ?is s5t5ce1 !re are bo? an actor & an object4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,9 ! brea/plate1 7 plac$ ! my/]i\s ,urim & ,?ummim4--,milman cor4 ,:at are ! g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son1 ( ! pron\n#eda 9 ! fir/ example8--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,!re seem to be a famili>ity & a want ( dignity 9 x4--,prie/ley cor4 ,x has be5 (t5 ask$1 :at are ,lat9 & ,greek8--,lit4 ,j\rnal cor4 ,= :]e d beauty & high wit1 ,b 9 y\r con/ellation1 meet8--,sam4 ,butl] cor4 ,!nce to ! l& :]e fl[ ,ganges & ,indus4--,milton cor4 ,on ^! f\ndations1 seem to re/ ! midnight riot & dissipation ( mod]n assemblies4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,b :at h disease1 de=mity1 & fil?1 ^u :i* ! ?\ghts c be allur$ to dwell8--,dr4 ,johnson cor4 ,h[ are ! g5d] & numb] ( ! relative kn[n8--,bullions cor4 ,high rides ! sun1 ?ick rolls ! du/1 ,& feebl] spe$ ! bl[ & ?ru/4--,scott cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,*ange ,,! ,,connective4 ,9 e language1 !re prevails a c]ta9 /ructure1 or analogy ( p>ts1 :i* is und]/ood to give f\ndation to ! mo/ reputable usage4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,!re runs ?r\gh 8 :ole mann] a /iffness1 an affectation1 :i* r5d]s him ,%aftsbury v unfit to be consid]$ a g5]al model4--,id4 ,b :]e declamation = improvem5t 9 spee* is ! sole aim4--,id4 ,= x is by ^!1 *iefly1 t ! tra9 ( ?\ght1 ! c\rse ( reason+1 ! :ole progress ( ! m9d1 9 cont9u$ disc\rse ( any k9d1 is laid op54--,l[? cor4 ,9 all writ+ & disc\rse1 ! prop] composition or /ructure ( s5t5ces is ( ! highe/ importance4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,"h ! wi%ful & expectant look ( ! begg> naturally leads to a vivid conception ( t :i* 0 ! object ( 8 ?\ghts4--,campbell cor4 ,:o say1 t ! outw>d nam+ ( ,*ri/1 ) ! sign ( ! cross1 puts away devils4--,b>clay cor4 ,by :i* an oa? ) a p5alty 0 to be impos$ on ! memb]s4--,junius cor4 ,light1 or k1 9 :at mann] soev] af=d$ u1 is equally f ,god4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,= in/ance1 sickness or untimely dea? is ! consequ5ce ( intemp]ance4--,id4 ,:5 grief or blood ill-temp]$ vexe? him4 ,or3 ,:5 grief1 ) blood ill-temp]$1 vexes him--,%ak4 cor4 ,does cont9uity1 or connexion1 create sympa?y & relation 9 ! p>ts ( ! body8--,colli] cor4 ,8 greate/ conc]n1 8 highe/ enjoym5t1 01 to be approv$ 9 ! sight ( 8 ,creator4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,"k ye n t !re is#edb a pr9ce1 a great man1 fall5 ?is day 9 ,israel8--,bible cor4 ,:at is vice1 or wick$ness8 ,no r>ity1 y may dep5d on x4--,colli] cor4 ,!re is also ! fe> or appreh5sion ( x4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,! apo/rophe ) s 7's7 is an abbreviation = is1 ! t]m9ation ( ! old ,engli% g5itive4--,bullions cor4 ,ti1 ce1 ,,or ci1 :5 foll[$ by a v[el1 usually has ! s\nd ( %2 z 9 p>tial1 ocean1 special4--,weld cor4 ,bitt] con/ra9t ( sad occasion de> ,compels me to di/urb y\r season due4--,milton cor4 ,debau*'ry1 or excess1 ?\gh ) less noise1 ,z great a portion ( mank9d de/roys4--,wall] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,affirmation ,,) ,,negation4 ,wisdom1 & n weal?1 procures e/eem4--,in/41 ,key1 p4 #bgb4 ,prud5ce1 & n pomp1 is ! basis ( 8 fame4--,ib4 ,n fe>1 b lab\r has ov]come him4--,ib4 ,! dec5cy1 & n ! ab/95ce1 makes ! diff]5ce4--,ib4 ,n h] beauty1 b h] tal5ts attract att5tion4--,ib4 ,x is h] tal5ts1 & n h] beauty1 t attract att5tion4--,ib4 ,x is h] beauty1 & n h] tal5ts1 t attracts att5tion4--,ib4 ,8 belly1 n 8 bra9s1 ?is impulse gives3 ,he'll gr[ immortal2 = he _c live4 ,or ?us3-- ,8 b[els1 n 8 bra9s1 ?is impulse give3 ,he'll gr[ immortal2 = he _c live4--,"y cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,z ,,well ,,z1 ,,b1 ,,or ,,save4 ,common s5se1 z well z piety1 tells u ^! are prop]4--,fam4 ,com4 cor4 ,= )\t x ! critic1 z well z ! und]tak]1 ignorant ( any rule1 has no?+ left b to ab&on himself to *ance4--,kames cor4 ,& accord+ly hatr$1 z well z love1 is ext+ui%$ by long abs5ce'4--,id4 ,b at e turn ! ri*e/ melody1 z well z ! sublime/ s5tim5ts1 is conspicu\s4--,id4 ,b x1 z well z ! l9es imm$iately subsequ5t1 defies all translation4--,col]idge cor4 ,b _! religion1 z well z _! cu/oms & mann]s1 0 /rangely misrepres5t$4--,bol+broke1 on ,hi/ory1 ,p>is ,edition ( #ahjh1 p4 #ic4 ,b 8 jeal\s policy1 z well z ! fatal antipa?y ( ,fonseca1 0 conspicu\s4--,rob]tson cor4 ,:5 _! ext5t1 z well z _! value1 0 unkn[n4--,id4 ,! etymology1 z well z ! syntax1 ( ! m difficult p>ts ( spee*1 is res]v$ = 8 att5tion at a lat] p]iod4--,p>k] & ,fox cor4 ,:at ,i myself owe to him1 no "o b myself kn[s4--,wright cor4 ,none1 b ?\1 ,o mighty pr9ce6 c av]t ! bl[4--,in/41 ,key1 p4 #bgb4 ,no?+1 b frivol\s amusem5ts1 pleases ! indol5t4--,ib4 ,n\ght1 save ! gurgl+s ( ! rill1 0 he>d4--,g4 ,b4 ,all song/]s1 save ! hoot+ owl1 7 mute4--,g4 ,b4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,ea*1 ,,e1 ,,or ,,no4 ,give e ^w1 & e memb]1 its due weight & =ce4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #caf4 ,& to "o ( ^! belongs e n\n1 & e ?ird p]son ( e v]b4--,dr4 ,wilson cor4 ,no law1 no re/ra9t1 no regulation1 is requir$ to keep him )9 b\nds4--,lit4 ,j\rnal cor4 ,by t "t1 e w9d[ & e door 9 ! /reet 0 full ( heads4--,obs]v] cor4 ,e sy/em ( religion1 & e s*ool ( philosophy1 /&s back f ?is field1 & leaves ,jesus ,*ri/ alone1 ! solit>y example4 ,or3 ,all sy/ems ( religion1 & all s*ools ( philosophy1 /& back f ?is field1 & leave ,jesus ,*ri/ alone1 ! solit>y example4--,abbott cor4 ,ea* day1 & ea* h\r1 br+s its portion ( duty4--,in/41 ,key1 p4 #bgb4 ,& e "o t 0 9 di/ress1 & e "o t 0 9 debt1 & e "o t 0 discont5t$1 resort$ unto him4--,bible cor4 ,e private ,*ri/ian1 e memb] ( ! *ur*1 ought to read & p]use ! ,scriptures1 t he may "k 8 fai? & belief to be f\nd$ ^u !m4--,b>clay cor4 ,& e m\nta9 & e isl& 0 mov$ out ( its place4--,bible cor4 ,no b&it fi]ce1 no tyrant mad ) pride1 ,no cav]n'd h]mit re/s self-satisfi$4--,pope4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,)1 ,,or1 c41 ,,= ,,&4 ,! sides1 ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 compose ! triangle4--,tobitt1 ,fel*1 & ,w>e cor4 ,! /ream1 ! rock1 & ! tree1 mu/ ea* ( !m /& =?1 s z to make a figure 9 ! imag9ation4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,:ile ?is1 ) euphony1 con/itutes1 f9ally1 ! :ole4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,! bag1 ) ! gu9eas & doll>s 9 x1 0 /ol54--,cobbett cor4 ,sobriety1 ) great indu/ry & tal5t1 enables a man to p]=m great de$s4 ,or3 ,sobriety1 indu/ry1 & tal5t1 enable a man to p]=m great de$s4--,id4 ,! x1 toge!r ) ! v]b1 expresses a /ate ( be+4--,id4 ,:]e ,leonidas ! ,sp>tan k+1 & 8 *os5 b&1 fight+ = _! c\ntry1 7 cut (f to ! la/ man4--,kames cor44 ,& ,leah also1 & h] *ildr51 came ne> & b[$ !mselves4--,bible cor4 ,! ,fir/ & ! ,second w ei!r ( !m1 by itself1 coalesce ) ! ,?ird1 b !y d n coalesce ) ea* o!r4--,h>ris cor4 ,! :ole mu/ c5tre 9 ! qu]y1 :e!r ,trag$y & ,com$y are hurtful & dang]\s repres5tations4--,=mey cor4 ,bo? grief & joy are infecti\s3 ! emotions :i* !y raise 9 ! spectator1 resemble !m p]fectly4--,kames cor4 ,b1 9 all o!r words1 ! q & u are bo? s\nd$4--,ensell cor4 ,q & u 7:i* are always toge!r7 h ! s\nd ( kw1 z 9 que52 or ( k only1 z 9 opaque4 ,or1 bett]3 ,q has always ! s\nd ( k2 & ! u :i* foll[s x1 t ( w2 except 9 ,fr5* words1 9 :i* ! u is sil5t4--,good5[ cor4 ,9 ?is selection1 ! a & i =m di/9ct syllables4--,walk] cor4 ,& a consid]able village1 ) g>d5s1 fields1 c41 ext5ds ar\nd on ea* side ( ! squ>e4--,lib4 cor4 ,affection & int]e/ guide our notions & behavi\r 9 ! affairs ( life2 imag9ation & passion affect ! s5tim5ts t we ent]ta9 9 matt]s ( ta/e4--,jamieson cor4 ,%e he>d none ( ^? intimations ( h] defects1 :i* envy1 petulance1 & ang]1 produce among *ildr54--,johnson cor4 ,! ,k+1 ,lords1 & ,commons1 con/itute an excell5t =m ( gov]nm5t4--,crombie et al4 cor4 ,if we say1 ',i am ! man :o comm&s y1' ! relative clause1 ) ! antec$5t man1 =ms ! pr$icate4--,crombie cor4 ,! spaci\s firmam5t on high1 ,! blue e!real vault ( sky1 ,& spangl$ heav'ns1 a %9+ frame1 ,_! great ,orig9al proclaim4--,addison cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,elliptical ,,con/ructions4 ,!re are a reputable & a disreputable practice4 ,or3 ,!re is a reputable1 & !re is a disreputable practice4--,adams cor4 ,?is man & ?is 7 born 9 h]4--,milton cor4 ,?is man & t 7 born 9 h]4--,bible cor4 ,?is & t man 7 born !re4--,h5drick cor4 ,?us le 9 lego1 & le 9 legi1 seem to be s\nd$ equally long4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,a di/9ct & an accurate articulation =m ! gr\ndwork ( good deliv]y4 ,or3 ,a di/9ct & accurate articulation =ms ! gr\ndwork ( good deliv]y4--,kirkham cor4 ,h[ are vocal & writt5 language und]/ood8--,s&]s cor4 ,! good1 ! wise1 & ! le>n$ man1 are ornam5ts to human society4 ,or3 ,! good1 wise1 & le>n$ man is an ornam5t to human society4--,b>tlett cor4 ,9 "s po9ts1 ! expression ( song & t ( spee* are id5tical4--,ru% cor4 ,to e room1 !re 7 an op5 & a secret passage4--,johnson cor4 ,!re are su* ?+s z a true & a false ta/e2 & ! latt] z (t5 directs fa%ion1 z ! =m]4--,web/] cor4 ,!re are su* ?+s z a prud5t & an imprud5t in/itution ( life1 ) reg>d to our heal? & our affairs4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,! lot ( ! outca/s ( ,israel1 & t ( ! disp]s$ ( ,judah1 h[ev] diff]5t 9 "o respect1 h 9 an o!r correspond$ ) wond]ful exactness4--,hope ( ,israel cor4 ,on ^! f9al syllables1 ! radical & ! vani%+ movem5t are p]=m$4--,ru% cor4 ,to be "y or old1 & to be good1 j1 or ! contr>y1 are physical or moral ev5ts4--,spurzheim cor41 & ,fel*4 ,! eloqu5ce ( ,george ,:itfield & t ( ,john ,wesley 7 v diff]5t 9 "* ea* f ! o!r4--,dr4 ,%>p cor4 ,! aff9ity ( m = ! s]ies beg9n+ ) b1 & t ( n = ! s]ies beg9n+ ) t1 give occasion = o!r euphonic *anges4--,f[l] cor4 ,pylades' s\l1 & mad ,ore/es'1 7 ,9 ^!1 if "r ! ,greek philosoph]4 ,or ?us3-- ,pylades' & ,ore/es' s\l did pass ,to ^!1 if we believe ,py?agoras4 ,or1 )\t ellipsis3-- ,pylades & ,ore/es' s\ls did pass ,to ^!1 if we believe ,py?agoras4--,c[ley correct$4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,di/9ct ,,subject ,,phrases4 ,to be mod]ate 9 our views1 & to proce$ temp]ately 9 ! pursuit ( !m1 are ! be/ ways to ensure success4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,to be ( any species1 & to h a "r to ! "n ( t species1 are bo? "o4--,locke cor4 ,) :om1 to w1 & to d1 are ! same4--,dr4 ,jamieson cor4 ,to pr(ess1 & to possess1 are v diff]5t ?+s4--,in/41 ,key1 p4 #bgb4 ,to d ju/ly1 to love m]cy1 & to walk humbly ) ,god1 are duties ( univ]sal obligation4--,ib4 ,to be r\nd or squ>e1 to be solid or fluid1 to be l>ge or small1 & to be mov$ swiftly or sl[ly1 are all equally ali5 f ! nature ( ?\ght4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,! resolv+ ( a s5t5ce into its elem5ts1 or p>ts ( spee*1 & a /at+ ( ! accid5ts :i* belong to ^!1 are call$ ,,p>s+4 ,or1 accord+ to ,note #a/ above3 ,! resolv+ ( a s5t5ce into its elem5ts1 or p>ts ( spee*1 ) a /at+ ( ! accid5ts :i* belong to ^!1 is call$ ,,p>s+4--,bullions cor4 ,to sp9 & to weave1 to knit & to sew1 7 once a girl's employm5ts2 b n[1 to dress1 & to cat* a beau1 are all %e calls enjoym5ts4--,kimball cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvii ,,& ,,its ,,notes4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,nom9atives ,,connect$ ,,by ,,or4 ,we d n "k 9 :at ei!r reason or in/9ct consi/s4--,johnson correct$4 ,a n\n or a pron\n jo9$ ) a p>ticiple1 con/itutes a nom9ative case absolute4--,bicknell cor4 ,! relative w be ( t case :i* ! v]b or n\n foll[+1 or ! preposition go+ be=e1 uses to gov]n3 or1--usually gov]ns4--,adam1 ,g\ld1 et al41 cor4 ,9 ! diff]5t modes ( pronunciation1 :i* habit or caprice gives rise to4--,knight cor4 ,by :i* he1 or 8 deputy1 0 au?oriz$ to cut d[n any trees 9 ,:ittlebury =e/4--,junius cor4 ,:]ev] objects 7 nam$1 9 :i* s\nd1 noise1 or motion1 0 conc]n$1 ! imitation by words 0 abundantly obvi\s4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! pleasure or pa9 result+ f a tra9 ( p]ceptions 9 diff]5t circum/ances1 is a beautiful contrivance ( nature = valuable purposes4--,kames cor4 ,because _! fooli% vanity1 or _! crim9al ambition1 repres5ts ! pr9ciples by :i* !y are influ5c$1 z absolutely p]fect4--,d4 ,boileau cor4 ,h5ce naturally arises indiff]5ce or av]sion betwe5 ! p>ties4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,a p5it5t unbeliev]1 or an imp5it5t believ]1 is a "* n[h]e to be f\nd4--,tract cor4 ,copy+ :atev] is peculi> 9 ! talk ( all ^? ^: bir? or =tune entitles !m to imitation4--,johnson cor4 ,:]e love1 hatr$1 fe>1 or contempt1 is (t5 ( decisive influ5ce4--,duncan cor4 ,a lucky anecdote1 or an enliv5+ tale1 relieves ! folio page4--,d',israeli cor4 ,= outw>d matt] or ev5t fa%ions n ! "* )94 ,or3 7accord+ to ! antique /yle ( ?is mod]n book ( prov]bs37--fa%ione? n ! "* )94--,tupp] cor4 ,yet sometimes we h se5 t w9e1 or *ance1 has w>m$ cold bra9s4--,dryd5 cor4 ,motion is a g5us2 flight1 a species2 ?is flight or t flight is an individual4--,h>ris cor4 ,:5 et1 aut1 vel1 sive1 or nec1 is repeat$ be=e diff]5t memb]s ( ! same s5t5ce4--,adam1 ,g\ld1 & ,grant1 cor4 ,wisdom or folly gov]ns u4--,fisk cor4 ,a or an is /yl$ ! indef9ite article--,folk] cor4 ,a ru/y nail1 or a crook$ p91 %oots up into a prodigy4--,spect4 cor4 ,is ei!r ! subject or ! pr$icate 9 ! second s5t5ce modifi$8--,pr(4 ,f[l] cor4 ,praise f a fri5d1 or c5sure f a foe1 ,is lo/ on he>]s t our m]its "k4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,! ,,rule ,,itself4--,,nom9atives ,,connect$ ,,by ,,nor4 ,nei!r he nor %e has spok5 to him4--,p]r9 cor4 ,= want ( a process ( ev5ts1 nei!r k nor elegance pres]ves ! read] f we>9ess4--,johnson cor4 ,nei!r hi/ory nor tradition furni%es su* in=mation4--,rob]tson cor4 ,nei!r ! =m nor ! p[] ( ! liquids has v>i$ mat]ially4--,knight cor4 ,:]e nei!r noise nor motion is conc]n$4--,blair cor4 ,nei!r ,*>les nor 8 bro!r 0 qualifi$ to support su* a sy/em4--,junius cor4 ,:51 !re=e1 nei!r ! livel9ess ( repres5tation1 nor ! w>m? ( passion s]ves1 z x 71 to cov] ! trespass1 x is n safe to leave ! beat5 track4--,campbell cor4 ,9 _m c\ntries call$ ,*ri/ian1 nei!r ,*ri/ianity1 nor its evid5ce1 is fairly laid be=e m54--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,nei!r ! intellect nor ! he>t is capable ( be+ driv54--,abbott cor4 ,?r\gh\t ?is hymn1 nei!r ,apollo nor ,diana is 9 any way connect$ ) ! ,sun or ,moon4--,col]idge cor4 ,( :i*1 nei!r he1 nor ?is gramm>1 takes any notice4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,nei!r _! solicitude nor _! =esight ext5ds s f>4--,rob]tson cor4 ,nei!r ,gom>a1 nor ,ovi$o1 nor ,h]r]a1 consid]s ,oj$a1 or 8 companion ,vespucci1 z ! fir/ discov]] ( ! cont95t ( ,am]ica4--,id4 ,nei!r ! g5]al situation ( our colonies1 nor t p>ticul> di/ress :i* =c$ ! inhabitants ( ,bo/on to take up arms1 has be5 ?\ght wor?y ( a mom5t's consid]ation4--,junius cor4 ,nor w> nor wisdom yields our ,jews delight1 ,!y w n /udy1 & !y d>e n fight4--,crabbe cor4 ,nor "t nor *ance bre$s su* confusions yet1 ,nor are ! mean s rais'd1 nor sunk ! great4--,r[e cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,nom9atives ,,t ,,disagree4 ,! def9ite article1 !1 designates :at p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s are meant4--,m]*ant cor4 ,sometimes a ^w1 or sev]al words1 necess>y to complete ! grammatical con/ruction ( a s5t5ce1 are n express$1 b are omitt$ by ellipsis4--,burr cor4 ,ellipsis1 7bett]1 ,ellipses17 or abbreviations1 are ! :eels ( language4--,maund] cor4 ,! conditions or t5or ( none ( !m appe>s at ?is day4 ,or3 ,! t5or or conditions ( none ( !m appe> at ?is day4-- ,hut*9son cor4 ,nei!r m5 nor money 0 want+ = ! s]vice4 ,or3 ,nei!r money nor m5 7 want+ = ! s]vice4--,id4 ,ei!r our own feel+s1 or ! repres5tation ( ^? ( o!rs1 requires emphatic di/9ction to be frequ5t4--,dr4 ,b>b] cor4 ,ei!r ,atoms & ,*ance1 or ,nature1 is upp]mo/3 n[ ,i am = ! latt] "p ( ! disjunction4--,colli] cor4 ,_! ri*es or pov]ty is g5]ally proportion$ to _! activity or indol5ce4--,cox cor4 ,conc]n+ ! o!r "p ( him1 nei!r he nor y seem to h ent]ta9$ an idea4--,horne cor4 ,^: e>n+s or income is s small4--,discip4 cor4 ,nei!r ri*es nor fame r5d]s a man happy4--,day cor4 ,! ref]5ces to ! pages always po9t to ! fir/ volume1 unless ! ,ex]cises or ,key is m5tion$4 ,or1 bett]3--unless m5tion is made ( ! ,ex]cises or ,key4 ,or3 unless ! ,ex]cises or ,key be nam$4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,complete ,,! ,,concord4 ,my "l1 y wrong my fa!r2 nei!r is he1 nor am ,i1 capable ( h>b\r+ a ?\ght aga9/ y\r peace4--,walpole cor4 ,!re 0 no division ( acts2 !re 7 no pauses1 or int]vals1 9 ! p]=mance2 b ! /age 0 cont9ually full2 occupi$ ei!r by ! actors1 or by ! *orus4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,e ^w end+ 9 b1 p1 or f1 is ( ?is ord]1 z also are _m t end 9 v4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,pr\d z we are ( human reason1 no?+ c be m absurd ?an is ! g5]al sy/em ( human life & human k4-- ,bol+broke cor4 ,by :i* ! body ( s9 & dea? is done away1 & we are cleans$4--,b>clay cor4 ,& ^? 7 already conv]t$1 & reg5]ation 0 begun 9 !m4--,id4 ,= ,i am an old man1 & my wife is well advanc$ 9 ye>s4--,bible cor4 ,:o is my "m8 or :o are my bre?r58--,see ,matt41 xii1 #dh4 ,lebanon is n suffici5t to burn1 nor are ! bea/s !re( suffici5t = a burnt-(f]+4-- ,bible cor4 ,in=mation has be5 obta9$1 & "s trials h be5 made4--,m>t9eau cor4 ,x is z obvi\s1 & its causes are m easily und]/ood4--,web/] cor4 ,all languages furni% examples ( ?is k9d1 & ! ,engli% conta9s z _m z any o!r4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! w9t]s are long1 & ! cold is int5se4--,morse cor4 ,h[ h ,i hat$ in/ruction1 & h[ ha? my he>t despis$ repro(6--,prov4 cor4 ,! ve/als 7 aboli%$ by ,!odosius ! ,great1 & ! fire ( ,ve/a 0 ext+ui%$4--,lempri]e cor4 ,ri*es beget pride2 pride begets impati5ce4--,bullions cor4 ,gramm> is n reason+1 any m ?an organization is ?\ght1 or lett]s are s\nds4--,enclytica cor4 ,words are implem5ts1 & gramm> is a ma*9e4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,place ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,p]son4 ,?\ or ,i mu/ und]take ! bus9ess4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,he & ,i 7 !re4--,a% cor4 ,& we dream$ a dream 9 "o night1 he & ,i4--,bible cor4 ,if my views rema9 ! same z 8 & m9e 7 9 #ahcc4--;,goodell cor4 ,my fa!r & ,i 7 rid+ out4--,in/41 ,key1 p4 #bgc4 ,! premiums 7 giv5 to ,george & me4--,ib4 ,jane & ,i are invit$4--,ib4 ,!y ought to invite my si/] & me4--,ib4 ,y & ,i int5d to g4--,guy cor4 ,john & ,i are go+ to t[n4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,he & ,i are sick4--,james ,br[n cor4 ,?\ & ,i are well4--,id4 ,he & ,i are4--,id4 ,?\ & ,i are4--,id4 ,he1 & ,i write4--,id4 ,!y & ,i are well4--,id4 ,%e1 & ?\1 & ,i1 7 walk+4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,di/9ct ,,subject ,,phrases4 ,to practise tale-be>+1 or ev5 to c\nt5ance x1 is great inju/ice4--,in/41 ,key1 p4 #bgc4 ,to reveal secrets1 or to betray "o's fri5ds1 is contemptible p]fidy4--,id4 ,to write all sub/antives ) capital lett]s1 or to exclude capitals f adjectives d]iv$ f prop] names1 may p]haps be ?\ght an (f5ce too small = animadv]sion2 b ! evil ( innovation is always some?+4--,dr4 ,b>r[ cor4 ,to live 9 su* families1 or to h su* s]vants1 is a bless+ f ,god4--,fam4 ,com4 cor4 ,h[ !y portion$ out ! c\ntry1 :at revolutions !y exp]i5c$1 or :at w>s !y ma9ta9$1 is utt]ly unkn[n4 ,or3 ,h[ !y portion$ out ! c\ntry1 :at revolutions !y exp]i5c$1 & :at w>s !y ma9ta9$1 are ?+s utt]ly unkn[n4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,to speak or to write p]spicu\sly & agreeably1 is an atta9m5t ( ! utmo/ consequ5ce to all :o purpose1 ei!r by spee* or by writ+1 to address ! public4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,make ,,! ,,v]bs ,,agree4 ,do? he n leave ! n9ety & n9e1 & g into ! m\nta9s1 & seek t :i* is gone a/ray8--,bible cor4 ,did he n fe> ! ,"l1 & besee* ! ,"l1 & did n ! ,"l rep5t ( ! evil :i* he _h pron\nc$8--,id4 ,& do/ ?\ op5 ?9e eyes ^u su* a "o1 & br+ me into judgem5t ) !e8--,id4 ,if any man among y seeme? to be religi\s1 & bridle? n 8 tongue1 b deceive? 8 own he>t1 ?is man's religion is va94--,id4 ,if ?\ sell aught unto ?y neighb\r1 or buy aught ( ?y neighb\r's h&1 ye %all n oppress "o an o!r4--,id4 ,& if ?y bro!r t dwelle? by !e1 become poor1 & be sold to !e1 ?\ %alt n compel him to s]ve z a bond-s]vant4--,id4 ,if ?\ br+ ?y gift to ! alt>1 & !re rememb] t ?y bro!r ha? aught aga9/ !e1 c4--,id4 ,an!a 0 cont5t to call a coa*1 & s to cross ! brook4 ,or3--& 9 t %e cross$ ! brook4--,johnson cor4 ,x is ei!r totally suppress$1 or manife/$ only 9 its l[e/ & mo/ imp]fect =m4--,blair cor4 ,b if any man is a wor%ip] ( ,god1 & doe? 8 w1 him he he>e?4 ,or3 ,if any man be a wor%ip] ( ,god1 & d 8 w1 him w he he>4--,bible cor4 ,:]eby 8 righte\sness & ob$i5ce1 dea? & suff]+s )\t1 become pr(itable unto u1 & are made ours4--,b>clay cor4 ,:o ought to h be5 "h be=e !e1 & to h object$1 if !y _h any ?+ aga9/ me4--,bible cor4 ,yes6 ?y pr\d lords1 unpiti$ l&1 %all see1 ,t man has yet a s\l1 & d>es be free4--,campbell cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,use ,,sep>ate ,,nom9atives4 ,h is only an aspiration1 or brea?+2 & sometimes1 at ! beg9n+ ( a ^w1 x is n s\nd$ at all4--,l[? cor4 ,man 0 made = society1 & he ought to ext5d 8 good w to all m54--,id4 ,!re is1 & mu/ be1 a ,supreme ,be+1 ( inf9ite goodness1 p[]1 & wisdom1 :o creat$1 & :o supports !m4--,beattie cor4 ,7 y n affright$1 & did y n mi/ake a _s = a body8--,bp4 ,watson cor4 ,! latt] n\n or pron\n is n gov]n$ by ! conjunction ?an or z1 b x ei!r agrees ) ! v]b1 or is gov]n$ by ! v]b or ! preposition1 express$ or und]/ood4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,he _h mi/ak5 8 true int]e/1 & he f\nd himself =sak54--,murray cor4 ,! amputation 0 exce$+ly well p]=m$1 & x sav$ ! pati5t's life4--,id4 ,! int5tions ( "s ( ^! philosoph]s1 nay1 ( _m1 might h be51 & probably !y 71 good4--,id4 ,?is may be true1 & yet x w n ju/ify ! practice4--,web/] cor4 ,f ! practice ( ^? :o h _h a lib]al education1 & :o are !re=e presum$ to be be/ acqua9t$ ) m5 & ?+s4--,campbell cor4 ,= ^? en]gies & b\nties :i* creat$1 & :i* pres]ve1 ! univ]se4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,i %all make x once = all1 & ,i hope x w be rememb]$4--,blair cor4 ,?is consequ5ce is drawn too abruptly4 ,! argum5t ne$$ m explanation4 ,or3 ,?is consequ5ce is drawn too abruptly1 & )\t suffici5t explanation4--,id4 ,!y mu/ be us$ ) m caution1 & !y require m prep>ation4--,id4 ,! apo/rophe d5otes ! omission ( an i1 :i* 0 =m]ly ins]t$1 & :i* made an addition ( a syllable to ! ^w4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! succession may be r5d]$ m v>i\s or m uni=m1 b1 9 "o %ape or an o!r1 x is unavoidable4--,kames cor4 ,x excites nei!r t]ror nor compassion2 nor is x agreeable 9 any respect4--,id4 ,*eap vulg> arts1 ^: n>r[ness af=ds ,no flight = ?\ghts1--!y poorly /ick at words4--,d5ham cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,mixture ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,/yles4 ,let u read ! liv+ page1 ^: e "* delights & in/ructs u4--,maund] cor4 ,= if x is 9 any degree obscure1 x puzzles1 & does n please4--,kames cor4 ,:5 a speak] addresses himself to ! und]/&+1 he proposes ! in/ruction ( 8 he>]s4--,campbell cor4 ,z ! w9e :i* /r5g!ns & refre%es ! he>t4--,h4 ,adams cor4 ,?is tru? he wraps 9 an allegory1 & feigns t "o ( ! goddesses _h tak5 up h] abode ) ! o!r4--,pope cor4 ,god se>*e? & und]/&e? ! he>t4 ,or3 ,god se>*es & und]/&s ! he>t4--,t4 4 ,kempis cor4 ,! grace ( ,god1 t br+e? salvation1 ha? appe>$ to all m54--,titus1 ii1 #aa4 ,:i* ?+s also we speak1 n 9 ! words :i* man's wisdom tea*e?1 b :i* ! ,holy ,gho/ tea*e?4--#a ,cor41 ii1 #ac4 ,b he has an objection1 :i* he urges1 & by :i* he ?9ks to ov]turn all4--,b>clay cor4 ,9 t x gives !m n t com=t & joy :i* x gives to !m :o love x4--,id4 ,?\ "h misund]/ood ! place & misappli$ x4 ,or3 ,?\ "h misund]/ood/ ! place & misappli$/ x4--,id4 ,or3 7z _m ( our gramm>ians w h x37 ,?\ "h misund]/oode/ ! place & misappli$/ x4--,id4 ,l ! b>r5 hea? 9 ! des]t1 :i* kn[e? n :5 good come?4--,see ,j]41 xvii1 #f4 ,x speaks ( ! "t pa/1 & %[s t some?+ 0 !n do+1 b n q f9i%$4--,devis cor4 ,x subsi/s 9 spite ( !m2 x advances unobs]v$4--,pascal cor4 ,b :]e is he1 ! pilgrim ( my song8-- ,me?9ks he l+]s late & t>ries long4--,byron cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,confusion ,,( ,,moods4 ,if a man h a hundr$ %eep1 & "o ( !m g 7or be gone7 a/ray1 c4--,matt41 xviii1 #ab4 ,or3 ,if a man has a hundr$ %eep1 & "o ( !m goes 7or is gone7 a/ray1 c4 ,or3 ,if a man ha? a hundr$ %eep1 & "o ( !m goe? 7or is gone7 a/ray1 c4--,kirkham cor4 ,z a speak] advances 9 8 disc\rse1 & increases 9 en]gy & e>ne/ness1 a high] & a l\d] tone w naturally /eal ^u him4--,id4 ,if "o man e/eem "o day above an o!r1 & an o!r e/eem e day alike2 let e man be fully p]suad$ 9 8 own m9d4--,b>clay cor4 ,see ,rom41 xiv1 #e4 ,if !re be b "o body ( legislators1 x w be no bett] ?an a tyranny2 if !re be only two1 !re w want a ca/+ voice4--,addison cor4 ,%\ld y come up ?is way1 & ,i be /ill "h1 y ne$ n be assur$ h[ glad ,i %\ld be to see y4--,byron cor4 ,if he rep5t & become holy1 let him enjoy ,god & heav54--,br[nson cor4 ,if ?y fell[ approa* !e1 nak$ & de/itute1 & ?\ say unto him1 ',dep>t 9 peace1 be w>m$ & fill$1' & yet ?\ give him n ^? ?+s :i* are ne$ful to him1 :at b5evol5ce is !re 9 ?y conduct8--,kirkham cor4 ,get on y\r nightg[n1 le/ occasion call u1 ,& %[ u to be wat*]s4--,s+]'s ,%akspe>e4 ,b if x climb1 ) y\r assi/+ h&1 ,! ,trojan walls1 & 9 ! city /&4--,dryd5 cor4 ----------------,?\gh ,heav5's ,k+ ,ride on ?y w+s1 & ?\ ) ?y compe]s1 ,us$ to ! yoke1 draw 8 triumphant :eels4--,milton cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,improp] ,,ellipses4 ,inde$ we h s]i\sly wond]$ t ,murray %\ld leave "s ?+s z he has left !m4--,report] cor4 ,:i* !y nei!r h done nor c d4--,b>clay cor4 ,! ,"l ha? reveal$1 & do? & w reveal1 8 w to 8 p2 & ha? rais$ up1 & do? raise up1 memb]s ( 8 body1 c4--,id4 ,we see1 !n1 t ! ,"l ha? giv51 & do? give1 su*4--,id4 ,t[>ds ^? t h decl>$1 or d decl>e1 !mselves memb]s4--,id4 ,= :i* we c give1 & h giv51 our suffici5t reasons4--,id4 ,:5 we m5tion ! sev]al prop]ties ( ! diff]5t words 9 s5t5ces1 z we h m5tion$ ^? ( ! ^w ,william's above1 :at is ! ex]cise call$8--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,x is h[ev] to be d\bt$1 :e!r ?is ,greek idiom ev] has obta9$1 or ev] w obta91 ext5sively1 9 ,engli%4--,nutt+ cor4 ,:y did n ! ,greeks & ,romans ab\nd 9 auxili>y words z mu* z we d8--,murray cor4 ,:o deliv]s 8 s5tim5ts 9 e>ne/1 z !y ought to be deliv]$ 9 ord] to move & p]suade4--,kirkham cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,d1 ,,us$ ,,z ,a ,,sub/itute4 ,& ,i w\ld avoid x altoge!r1 if x c\ld be avoid$4 ,or3 ,i w\ld avoid x altoge!r1 if to avoid x 7 practicable4--,kames cor4 ,su* a s5tim5t f a man expir+ ( 8 w\nds1 is truly h]oic2 & x mu/ elevate ! m9d to ! greate/ height to :i* x c be rais$ by a s+le expression4--,id4 ,successive images1 ?us mak+ deep] & deep] impressions1 mu/ elevate ! m9d m ?an any s+le image c4--,id4 ,besides mak+ a deep] impression ?an c be made by cool reason+4--,id4 ,yet a poet1 by ! =ce ( g5ius alone1 may rise high] ?an a public speak] c4 ,or3--?an c a public speak]4--,blair cor4 ,& ! v same reason t has induc$ sev]al gramm>ians to g s f> z !y h gone1 %\ld h induc$ !m to g f>!r4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! pupil %\ld commit ! fir/ section to memory p]fectly1 be=e he attempts 7or ent]s ^u7 ! second "p ( gramm>4--,bradley cor4 ,! ,greek * 0 pron\nc$ h>d1 z we n[ pron\nce x 9 *ord4--,boo? cor4 ,!y pron\nce ! syllables 9 a diff]5t mann] f :at !y adopt 7or1 9 a mann] diff]5t f t :i* !y are accu/om$ to use7 at o!r times4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,& give him ! cool & =mal reception t ,simon _h giv54--,scott cor4 ,i d n say1 z "s h said4--,bol+broke cor4 ,if he suppose ! fir/1 he may ! la/4--,b>clay cor4 ,:o are n[ despis+ ,*ri/ 9 8 inw>d appe>ance1 z ! ,jews ( old despis$ him 9 8 outw>d adv5t4--,id4 ,t text ( ,revelations mu/ n be und]/ood z he und]/&s x4--,id4 ,till ! mode ( p>s+ ! n\n is s famili> to him t he c p>se x readily4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,p]haps x is runn+ ! same c\rse t ,rome _h run be=e4--,middleton cor4 ,x ought ev5 on ?is gr\nd to be avoid$2 & x easily may be1 by a diff]5t con/ruction4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,^! two languages are n[ pron\nc$ 9 ,engl& z no o!r nation 9 ,europe pron\nces !m4--,creighton cor4 ,g]many ran ! same risk t ,italy _h run4--,bol+broke1 ,murray1 et al41 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,pret]its ,,& ,,p>ticiples4 ,! begg>s !mselves w be brok5 9 a trice4--,swift cor4 ,! hoop is hoi/$ above 8 nose4--,id4 ,& 8 he>t 0 lift$ up 9 ! ways ( ! ,"l4--#b ,*ron41 xvii1 #f4 ,:o s9 s (t h m\rn$1 ,yet to temptation run4--,burns cor4 ,:o w\ld n h let !m appe>4--,/eele cor4 ,he w\ld h _h y seek = ease at ! h&s ( ,mr4 ,legality4--,bunyan cor4 ,f me 8 madd+ m9d is turn$3 ,he woos ! wid['s daught]1 ( ! gl54--,sp5s] cor4 ,! man has spok51 & he /ill speaks4--,a% cor4 ,= y h b mi/ak5 me all ?is :ile4--,%ak4 cor4 ,& w y r5d our anci5t love asund]8--,id4 ,mr4 ,birney has pl$ 7or plead$7 ! inexp$i5cy ( pass+ su* resolutions4--,lib]ator cor4 ,:o h worn out _! ye>s 9 su* mo/ pa9ful lab\rs4--,littleton cor4 ,& 9 ! conclusion y 7 *os5 probation]4--,spectator cor4 ,h[ %e 0 lo/1 ta'en captive1 made a slave2 ,& h[ aga9/ him set t %\ld h] save4--,bunyan cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,( ,,v]bs ,,conf\nd$4 ,b ,moses pref]r$ to :ile away 8 "t4--,p>k] cor4 ,8 face %one ) ! rays ( ! sun4--,john ,all5 cor4 ,:om !y _h set at defiance s lately4--,bol+broke cor4 ,& :5 he _h sat d[n1 8 disciples came unto him4--,bible cor4 ,:5 he _h sat d[n on ! judgem5t-seat4 ,or3 ,:ile he 0 sitt+ on ! judgem5t-seat4-- ,id4 ,&1 !y hav+ k9dl$ a fire 9 ! mid/ ( ! hall & sat d[n toge!r1 ,pet] sat d[n among !m4--,id4 ,s1 aft] he _h wa%$ _! feet1 & _h tak5 8 g>m5ts1 & _h sat d[n aga91or1 lit]ally1'sitt+ d[n aga91' he said to !m1 ,d ye "k :at ,i h done to y8--,id4 ,ev5 z ,i also ov]came1 & sat d[n ) my ,fa!r 9 8 ?rone4--,id4 ,or3 7r less lit]ally37 ,ev5 z ,i h ov]come1 & am sitt+ ) my ,fa!r on 8 ?rone4--,id4 ,we h su* a high prie/1 :o sitte? on ! "r h& ( ! ?rone ( ! ,maje/y 9 ! heav5s4--,id4 ,& is n[ sitt+ at ! "r h& ( ! ?rone ( ,god4--,id4 ,he set on foot a furi\s p]secution4-- ,payne cor4 ,!re lie? 7or lies7 an obligation ^u ! sa9ts to help su*4--,b>clay cor4 ,!re let him lie4--,byron cor4 ,no?+ b moss1 & %rubs1 & /unt$ trees1 c gr[ ^u x4--,morse cor4 ,:o _h laid out consid]able sums purely to di/+ui% !mselves4-- ,goldsmi? cor4 ,:]eunto ! righte\s flee & are safe4--,b>clay cor4 ,he rose f supp]1 & laid aside 8 g>m5ts4--,id4 ,:i!r--oh6 :i!r--%all ,i flee8--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,flee+ f an adopt$ murd]]4--,id4 ,to y ,i flee = refuge4--,id4 ,! sign t %\ld w>n 8 disciples to flee f ! approa*+ ru94-- ,kei? cor4 ,9 "o %e sits z a prototype = exact imitation4--,ru% cor4 ,9 :i* "s only bleat1 b>k1 mew1 :9ny1 & bray1 a little bett] ?an o!rs4--,id4 ,:o repres5t$ to him ! unreasonabl5ess ( be+ affect$ ) su* unmanly fe>s4--,roll9 cor4 ,?\ sawe/ e action4 ,or1 famili>ly3 ,?\ saw e action4--,guy cor4 ,i taught1 ?\ taughte/1 or taught1 he or %e taught4--,co> cor4 ,val]ian 0 tak5 by ,sapor & flay$ alive1 ,a4 ,d4 #bfj4--,lempri]e cor4 ,:at a f9e vehicle has x n[ become1 = all conceptions ( ! m9d6--,blair cor4 ,:at has become ( s _m productions8--,volney cor4 ,:at has become ( ^? ages ( abundance & ( life8--,kei? cor4 ,! ,sp>tan admiral _h sail$ to ! ,hellespont4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,z soon z he l&$1 ! multitude ?rong$ ab\t him4--,id4 ,cyrus _h arriv$ at ,s>dis4--,id4 ,^: ye> _h expir$4--,id4 ,x might bett] h be51 't faction :i*1' ,or2 ',t faction :i*1' w\ld h be5 bett]4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aeg4 ,?is p has become a great nation4--,murray & ,+]soll cor4 ,& "h we ent] ! region ( ornam5t4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! ungraceful p>5!sis :i* foll[s1 might f> bett] h be5 avoid$4 ,:o =c$ him "u wat]1 & !re held him until he 0 dr[n$4--,hi/4 cor4 ,i w\ld mu* r be myself ! slave1 ,& we> ! bonds1 ?an fa/5 !m on him4--,c[p] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,words ,,t ,,express ,,"t4 ,i f9i%$ my lett] be=e my bro!r arriv$4 ,or3 ,i _h f9i%$ my lett] :5 my bro!r arriv$4--,kirkham cor4 ,i wrote be=e ,i receiv$ 8 lett]4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,f :at 0 =m]ly deliv]$4--,id4 ,arts 7 at l5g? introduc$ among !m4 ,or3 ,arts h be5 ( late introduc$ among !m4--,id4 ,b ! latt] read+ suits n ! ,doctor's context4 ,i am n ( op9ion t su* rules c be ( mu* use1 unless p]sons see !m exemplifi$4 ,or3--c\ld be1 & saw4--,id4 ,if we use ! n\n itself1 we say1 7or mu/ say17 ',?is composition is ,john's4' ,or3 ,if we us$ ! n\n itself1 we %\ld say1 c4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,b if ! ass]tion ref] to some?+ t 0 transi5t1 or to some?+ t is n suppos$ to be always ! same1 ! pa/ t5se mu/ be pref]r$3 z1 ,!y told him t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 0 pass+ by4--,luke & ,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!re is no p>ticul> intimation b t ,i h cont9u$ to "w1 ev5 to ! pres5t mom5t4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5 cor4 ,g5]ally1 z has be5 obs]v$ already1 x is b h9t$ 9 a s+le ^w or phrase4--,campbell cor4 ,! witt9ess ( ! passage has be5 already illu/rat$4--,id4 ,z 0 obs]v$ be=e4--,id4 ,or3 ,z has be5 obs]v$ already--,id4 ,x has be5 said already 9 g5]al t]ms4--,id4 ,z ,i h9t$ be=e4--,id4 ,or3 ,z ,i h h9t$ already4--,id4 ,:at1 ,i believe1 0 h9t$ once be=e4--,id4 ,x is obvi\s1 z 0 h9t$ =m]ly1 t ?is is b an artificial & arbitr>y connexion4--,id4 ,!y did anci5tly a great deal ( hurt4-- ,bol+broke cor4 ,!n said ,paul1 ,i knew n1 bre?r51 t he 0 ! high prie/4--,see ,acts1 xxiii1 #e2 ,web/] cor4 ,mo/ prepositions orig9ally d5ot$ ! relations ( place2 & f ^! !y 7 transf]r$1 to d5ote1 by similitude1 o!r relations4--,l[? & ,*ur*ill cor4 ,8 gift 0 b a poor (f]+1 9 comp>ison ) 8 great e/ate4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,if he %\ld succe$1 & obta9 8 end1 he w\ld n be ! happi] = x4 ,or1 bett]3 ,if he succe$1 & fully atta9 8 end1 he w n be ! happi] = x4--,id4 ,^! are torr5ts t swell to-day1 & t w h sp5t !mselves by to-morr[4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,:o h call$ t :eat on "o day1 :i* !y h call$ t>es on ! next4--,b>clay cor4 ,he ?\ght x 0 "o ( 8 t5ants4--,id4 ,b if "o w5t unto !m f ! dead1 !y w\ld rep5t4--,bible cor4 ,nei!r w\ld !y be p]suad$1 ?\gh "o rose f ! dead4--,id4 ,b x is :ile m5 sleep1 t ! ar*-enemy always s[s 8 t>es4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,cresc5s w\ld n h fail$ to expose him4--,addison cor4 ,b5t is 8 b[1 ! ,grecian he>ts to w\nd2 ,fi]ce z he moves1 8 silv] %afts res\nd4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiv4--,,v]bs ,,( ,,comm&+1 ,c4 ,_h ,i comm&$ y to d ?is1 y w\ld h ?\ght h>d ( x4--,g4 ,b4 ,i f\nd him bett] ?an ,i expect$ to f9d him4--,l ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #ahg4 ,!re are sev]al small] faults :i* ,i at fir/ int5d$ to enum]ate4--,web/] cor4 ,anti!sis1 !re=e1 may1 on _m occasions1 be employ$ to advantage1 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! impression :i* we int5d t any object %all make4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! girl said1 if h] ma/] w\ld b h let h] h money1 %e might h be5 well long ago4--,prie/ley et al4 cor4 ,nor is !re ! lea/ gr\nd to fe> t we %all "h be cramp$ )9 too n>r[ limits4--,campbell cor4 ,! ,romans1 flu%$ ) success1 expect$ to retake x4--,hooke cor4 ,i w\ld n h let fall an unseasonable pleasantry 9 ! v5]able pres5ce ( ,mis]y1 to be entitl$ to all ! wit t ev] ,rabelais scatt]$4--,/]ne cor4 ,we expect$ t he w\ld arrive la/ night4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bhb4 ,our fri5ds int5d$ to meet u4--,ib4 ,we hop$ to see y4--,ib4 ,he w\ld n h be5 all[$ to ent]4--,ib4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xv4--,,p]man5t ,,propositions4 ,cic]o ma9ta9$1 t :atsoev] is useful is good4--,g4 ,b4 ,i obs]v$ t love con/itutes ! :ole moral "* ( ,god4--,dwight cor4 ,?9k+ t "o ga9s no?+ by be+ a good man4--,voltaire cor4 ,i h already told y1 t ,i am a g5tleman4--,fonta9e cor4 ,if ,i %\ld ask1 :e!r ice & wat] are two di/9ct species ( ?+s4--,locke cor4 ,a /rang] to ! poem w\ld n easily discov] t ?is is v]se4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 i1 #bfj4 ,! doctor affirm$ t fev] always produces ?ir/4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bhb4 ,! anci5ts ass]t$1 t virtue is its own rew>d4--,ib4 ,!y %\ld n h repeat$ ! error1 ( insi/+ t ! inf9itive is a m]e n\n4--,tooke cor4 ,x 0 obs]v$ 9 ,*ap4 ,,iii1 t ! di/9ctive ,,or has a d\ble use4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,two "y g5tlem51 :o h made a discov]y t !re is no ,god4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjf4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xviii2 ,,inf9itives4 ,,in/ances ,,dem&+ ,,! ,,p>ticle ,,to4 ,william1 please to h& me t p5cil4--,smi? cor4 ,please to ins]t po9ts s z to make s5se4--,p4 ,davis cor4 ,i h kn[n lords to abbreviate almo/ half ( _! words4--,cobbett cor4 ,we %all f9d ! practice p]fectly to accord ) ! !ory4--,knight cor4 ,b x w\ld t5d to obscure1 r ?an to elucidate1 ! subject4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,please to divide x = !m1 z x %\ld be divid$--,j4 ,willetts cor4 ,s z nei!r to emb>rass nor to weak5 ! s5t5ce4--,blair & ,mur4 cor4 ,c>ry h] to 8 table1 to view 8 poor f>e1 & to he> 8 heav5ly disc\rse4--,same4 ,t we ne$ n be surpris$ to f9d ?is to hold i4e41 to f9d ! same to be true1 or to f9d x s 9 eloqu5ce4--,blair cor4 ,:]e he has no occasion ei!r to divide or to expla9 ! topic 9 debate4--,id4 ,& !y w f9d _! pupils to improve by ha/y & pleasant /eps4--,russell cor4 ,! tea*]1 h[ev]1 w please to obs]ve1 c4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gr4 cor4 ,please to att5d to a few rules 9 :at is call$ syntax4--,id4 ,!y may disp5se ) ! laws1 to fav\r _! fri5ds1 or to secure _! (fice4--,web/] cor4 ,to take back a gift1 or to break a contract1 is a wanton abuse4--,id4 ,! legislature has no?+ to d1 b to let x be> its own price4--,id4 ,he is n to =m1 b to copy *>act]s4--,rambl] cor4 ,i h kn[n a woman to make use ( a %oe+-horn4--,spect4 cor4 ,f9d+ ?is exp]im5t to answ]1 9 e respect1 _! wi%es4--,day cor4 ,9 f9e1 let him cause 8 arrangem5t to conclude 9 ! t]m ( ! "q4--,b>clay cor4 ,t he p]mitt$ n ! w9ds ( heav5 ,to visit h] too r\ghly4 ,omit face1 to keep ! measure3 or say1 ,t he did nev] let ! w9ds ( heav5 ,visit h] face too r\ghly4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,,xix4--,,( ,,inf9itives4 ,in/ances aft] ,bid1 ,d>e1 ,feel1 ,he>1 ,let1 ,make1 ,ne$1 ,see4 ,i d>e n proce$ s ha/ily1 le/ ,i give (f5ce4--,see ,murray's ,key1 ,rule xii4 ,_! "* is =m$1 & made to appe>4--,butl] cor4 ,let !re be b matt] & opportunity (f]$1 & y %all see !m quickly revive aga94--,bacon cor4 ,x has be5 made to appe>1 t !re is no presumption aga9/ a revelation4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,,manife/1 v4 t4 ,to reveal2 to make appe>2 to %[ pla9ly4--,web/] cor4 ,let him reign1 l good ,aurelius1 or let him ble$ l ,s5eca3 ,socrates did n ble$1 he 0 poison$4--,kirkham's transposition ( ,pope cor4 ,s+ ,i c\ld n2 compla9 ,i dur/ n4--,fo!rgill cor4 ,if ,t4 ,m4 be n s frequ5tly he>d to pray by !m4--,b>clay cor4 ,h[ _m ( y\r own *ur* memb]s 7 nev] he>d to pray8--,id4 ,yea1 we are bidd5 to pray "o = an o!r4--,id4 ,he 0 made to believe t nei!r ! k+'s dea? nor 8 imprisonm5t w\ld help him4--,%effield cor4 ,i felt a *ill+ s5sation creep ov] me4--,in/41 p4 #bgi4 ,i d>e say he has n got home yet4--,ib4 ,we sometimes see bad m5 hon\r$4--,ib4 ,i saw him move--,fel* cor4 ,= see ?\1 ah6 see ?\1 a ho/ile _w its t]rors raise4--,kirkham cor4 ,b t he make him rehe>se s4--,lily cor4 ,let u rise4--,f[le cor4 ,scripture1 y "k1 exhorts u to x2 ,x bids u 'seek peace1 & ensue x4'--,swift cor4 ,:o bade ! mud f ,dives' :eel ,b$a% ! rags ( ,laz>us8 ,come1 bro!r1 9 t du/ we'll kneel1 ,confess+ heav5 t rul$ x ?us4--,*ri/mas ,book cor4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xx4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,expunge ,,(4 ,9 =m+ 8 s5t5ces1 he 0 v exact4--,l4 ,murray4 ,= n believ+ :i*1 ,i condemn !m4--,b>clay cor4 ,to prohibit 8 he>]s f read+ t book4--,id4 ,y w please !m exce$+ly 9 cry+ d[n ord9ances4--,mit*ell cor4 ,! w>wolf subsequ5tly became an eng9e = ca/+ /ones4 ,or3--= ! ca/+ ( /ones4--,cons4 ,misc4 cor4 ,! art ( dress+ hides & work+ 9 lea!r 0 practis$4--,id4 ,9 ! *oice !y _h made ( him = re/or+ ord]4--,roll9 cor4 ,! ,arabians ex]cis$ !mselves by compos+ orations & poems4--,sale cor4 ,behold1 ! wid[-woman 0 !re1 ga!r+ /icks4--,bible cor4 ,! prie/s 7 busi$ 9 (f]+ burnt-(f]+s4--,id4 ,b ,asahel w\ld n turn aside f foll[+ him4--,id4 ,he left (f build+ ,ramah1 & dwelt 9 ,tirzah4--,id4 ,^? :o accuse u ( d5y+ x1 belie u4--,b>clay cor4 ,& break+ bread f h\se to h\se4--,acts1 iv1 #df4 ,^? t set ab\t repair+ ! walls4--,b>clay cor4 ,& secretly begett+ divisions4--,id4 ,:om he has made use ( 9 ga!r+ 8 *ur*4--,id4 ,9 def9+ & di/+ui%+ ! acceptations & uses ( ^? p>ticles4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,9 mak+ ?is a crime1 we ov]?r[ ,! laws ( nations & ( nature too4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,articles ,,require ,,(4 ,! mix+ ( !m makes a mis]able jumble ( tru? & fiction4--,kames cor4 ,! same objection lies aga9/ ! employ+ ( /atues4--,id4 ,m efficaci\s ?an ! v5t+ ( opul5ce ^u ! f9e arts4--,id4 ,x is ! giv+ ( diff]5t names to ! same object4--,id4 ,:5 we h 9 view ! erect+ ( a column4--,id4 ,! /ra9+ ( an elevat$ subject beyond due b\nds1 is a vice n s frequ5t4--,id4 ,! cutt+ ( ev]gre5s 9 ! %ape ( animals1 is v anci5t4--,id4 ,! keep+ ( juries )\t meat1 dr9k1 or fire1 c be acc\nt$ = only on ! same idea4--,web/] cor4 ,! writ+ ( ! v]bs at l5g? on 8 slate1 w be a v useful ex]cise4--,beck cor4 ,! avoid+ ( !m is n an object ( any mom5t4--,%]idan cor4 ,comp>ison is ! increas+ or decreas+ ( ! signification ( a ^w by degrees4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,comp>ison is ! increas+ or decreas+ ( ! quality by degrees4--,bu*anan cor4 ,! plac+ ( a circum/ance be=e ! ^w ) :i* x is connect$ is ! easie/ ( all inv]sion4--,id4 ,:at is emphasis8 ,x is ! emitt+ ( a /rong] & full] s\nd ( voice1 c4--,bradley cor4 ,besides1 ! v>y+ ( ! t]ms w r5d] ! use ( !m m famili>4--,a4 ,mur4 cor4 ,& yet ! conf9+ ( !mselves to ?is true pr9ciple1 has misl$ !m4--,tooke cor4 ,:at is "h comm&$1 is m]ely ! reliev+ ( 8 mis]y4--,wayl& cor4 ,! accumulat+ ( too great a quantity ( k at r&om1 ov]loads ! m9d 9 /ead ( adorn+ x4--,=mey cor4 ,= ! compass+ ( 8 po9t4--,roll9 cor4 ,to ! introduc+ ( su* an inv]t$ ord] ( ?+s4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,:i* require only ! do+ ( an ext]nal action4--,id4 ,! imprison+ ( my body is to satisfy y\r wills4--,fox cor4 ,:o oppose ! conf]r+ ( su* ext5sive comm& on "o p]son4--,duncan cor4 ,luxury contribut$ n a little to ! en]vat+ ( _! =ces4--,sale cor4 ,! keep+ ( "o day ( ! week = a sabba?4--,b>clay cor4 ,! do+ ( a ?+ is contr>y to ! =be>+ ( x4--,id4 ,! d\bl+ ( ! ,sigma is1 h[ev]1 sometimes regul>4--,knight cor4 ,! ins]t+ ( ! common aspirate too1 is improp]4--,id4 ,b 9 ,sp5s]'s "t ! pron\nc+ ( ! ed z a sep>ate syllable1 seems already to h be5 some?+ ( an ar*aism4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,& to ! reconcil+ ( ! effect ( _! v]ses on ! eye4--,id4 ,:5 x 0 n 9 _! p[] to h9d] ! tak+ ( ! :ole4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,he _h inde$ giv5 ! ord]s himself = ! %utt+ ( ! gates4--,id4 ,s 8 :ole life 0 a do+ ( ! w ( ! ,fa!r4--,p5+ton cor4 ,x signifies ! suff]+ or receiv+ ( ! action express$4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! pret5d$ crime !re=e 0 ! decl>+ ( himself to be ! ,son ( ,god4--,we/ cor4 ,p>s+ is ! resolv+ ( a s5t5ce into its diff]5t p>ts ( spee*4--,beck cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,adjectives ,,require ,,(4 ,!re is no expect+ ( ! admiration ( behold]s4--,baxt] cor4 ,!re is no hid+ ( y 9 ! h\se4--,%ak4 cor4 ,= ! bett] regulat+ ( gov]nm5t 9 ! prov9ce ( ,massa*usetts4--,brit4 ,p>l4 cor4 ,! precise m>k+ ( ! %ad[y b\nd>ies ( a complex gov]nm5t4--,adams cor4 ,?is /ate ( discipl9e requires ! volunt>y =ego+ ( _m ?+s :i* we desire1 & ! sett+ ( ourselves to :at we h no incl9ation to4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,?is am\nts to an active sett+ ( !mselves aga9/ religion4--,id4 ,:i* engag$ our anci5t fri5ds to ! ord]ly e/abli%+ ( our ,*ri/ian discipl9e4--,fri5ds cor4 ,"s m5 are s unju/ t !re is no secur+ ( our own prop]ty or life1 b by oppos+ =ce to =ce4--,rev4 ,john ,br[n cor4 ,an ,act = ! bett] secur+ ( ! ,rights & ,lib]ties ( ! ,subject4--,geo4 ,,iii cor4 ,miracul\s cur+ ( ! sick is discont9u$4--,b>clay cor4 ,x w\ld h be5 no transgress+ ( ! apo/le's rule4--,id4 ,z f> z consi/5t ) ! prop] conduct+ ( ! bus9ess ( ! ,h\se4--,elmore cor4 ,because he w\ld h no qu>rell+ at ! j condemn+ ( !m at t day4 ,or3--at _! j condemnation at t day4--,bunyan cor4 ,t transf]r+ ( ?is natural mann] w insure propriety4--,ru% cor4 ,if a man 7 port] ( hell-gate1 he %\ld h old i4e41 frequ5t turn+ ( ! key4--,s+]'s ,%akspe>e cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,possessives ,,require ,,(4 ,s v simple a ?+ z a man's w\nd+ ( himself4--,dr4 ,blair cor41 & ,murray4 ,or ) t man's av[+ ( 8 designs4--,blair1 ,mur41 et al4 cor4 ,on 8 putt+ ( ! "q4--,adams cor4 ,! importance ( tea*]s' requir+ ( _! pupils to read ea* section _m times ov]4--,kirkham cor4 ,polit5ess is a k9d ( =gett+ ( "o's self1 9 ord] to be agreeable to o!rs4--,ramsay cor4 ,mu*1 !re=e1 ( ! m]it & ! agreeabl5ess ( epi/ol>y writ+1 w dep5d on its introduc+ ( u into "s acqua9tance ) ! writ]4--,blair & ,mack cor4 ,ri*>d's re/oration to respectability dep5ds on 8 pay+ ( 8 debts4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,_! supply+ ( ellipses :]e none ev] exi/$2 _! p>s+ ( ! words ( s5t5ces already full & p]fect1 z ?\gh dep5d+ on words und]/ood4--,id4 ,h] veil+ ( h]self1 & %$d+ ( te>s1 c41 h] upbraid+ ( ,p>is = 8 c[>dice1 c4--,blair cor4 ,a preposition may be made kn[n by its admitt+ ( a p]sonal pron\n aft] x1 9 ! objective case4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,b ?is =ms no j objection to its d5ot+ ( "t4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,( m5's violat+ or disreg>d+ ( ! relations 9 :i* ,god has "h plac$ !m4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,success1 inde$1 no m decides = ! "r1 ?an a man's kill+ ( 8 antagoni/ 9 a duel4--,campbell cor4 ,8 rem9d+ ( !m4--,kirkham cor4 ,?is mi/ake 0 correct$ by 8 preceptor's caus+ ( him to plant "s beans4--,id4 ,_! neglect+ ( ?is 0 ru9\s4--,fro/ cor4 ,t he 0 s]i\s1 appe>s f 8 di/+ui%+ ( ! o!rs z 'f9ite4'--,fel* cor4 ,8 he>]s are n at all s5sible ( 8 do+ ( x4 ,or3--t he does x4--,%]idan cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,*ange ,,! ,,expression4 ,an allegory is a fictiti\s /ory ! mean+ ( :i* is figurative1 n lit]al2 a d\ble mean+1 or dilogy1 is ! say+ ( only "o ?+1 :5 we h two 9 view4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,a v]b may g5]ally be di/+ui%$ by ! s5se :i* x makes ) any ( ! p]sonal pron\ns1 or ) ! ^w ,,to1 be=e x4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,a n\n may 9 g5]al be di/+ui%$ by ! article :i* comes be=e x1 or by ! s5se :i* x makes ( itself4--,m]*ant et al4 cor4 ,an adjective may usually be kn[n by ! s5se :i* x makes ) ! ^w ?+2 z1 a good ?+1 a bad ?+4--,iid4 ,x is se5 to be 9 ! objective case1 because x d5otes ! object affect$ by ! act ( leav+4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,x is se5 to be 9 ! possessive case1 because x d5otes ! possessor ( some?+4--,id4 ,! n\n ,,man is caus$ by ! adjective ,,:atev] to seem l a tw(old nom9ative1 z if x d5ot$1 ( itself1 "o p]son z ! subject ( ! two rem>ks4--,id4 ,,:51 z us$ 9 ! la/ l9e1 is a connective1 because x jo9s t l9e to ! o!r "p ( ! s5t5ce4--,id4 ,because !y d5ote reciprocation4--,id4 ,to all[ !m to make use ( t lib]ty2--,to all[ !m to use t lib]ty2--or1 ,to all[ !m t lib]ty4--,sale cor4 ,! wor/ effect ( x is1 t x fixes on y\r m9d a habit ( indecision4--,todd cor4 ,& y groan ! m deeply1 z y reflect t y h n p[] to %ake x (f4--,id4 ,i "k ( no?+ t c ju/ify ! /ud5t 9 hav+ rec\rse to a ,lat9 translation ( a ,greek writ]4--,col]idge cor4 ,hum\r is ! conceit ( mak+ o!rs act or talk absurdly4--,hazlitt cor4 ,!re are rem>kable in/ances 9 :i* !y d n affect ea* o!r4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,t ,cs> 0 left out ( ! commission1 0 n f any slight4--,life cor4 ,( ! ?ankful reception ( ?is tol]ation1 ,i %all say no m1 ,or3 ,( ! propriety ( receiv+ ?is tol]ation ?ankfully1 ,i %all say no m4--,dryd5 cor4 ,h5rietta 0 delight$ ) ,julia's skill 9 work+ lace4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,& x is because ea* ( !m repres5ts two diff]5t words1 t ! confusion has aris54--,boo? cor4 s*ylus di$ ( a fracture ( 8 skull1 caus$ by an eagle's dropp+ ( a tortoise on 8 head4 ,or3--caus$ by a tortoise :i* an eagle let fall on 8 head4--,biog4 ,dict4 cor4 ,he d\bt$ :e!r !y _h x4--,fel* cor4 ,to make ourselves cle>ly und]/ood1 is ! *ief end ( spee*4--,%]idan cor4 ,"o _c discov] 9 _! c\nt5ances any signs :i* are ! natural concomitants ( ! feel+s ( ! he>t4--,id4 ,no?+ c be m common or less prop]1 ?an to speak ( a riv] z empty+ itself4--,campbell cor4 ,our non-use ( ! =m] expression1 is ow+ to ?is4--,bullions cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,disposal ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,to ?is g5]ally succe$s ! division1 or ! lay+-d[n ( ! me?od ( ! disc\rse4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,to ! pull+-d[n ( /rong holds4--,bible cor4 ,c a m]e buckl+-on ( a milit>y weapon infuse c\rage8--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,exp5sive & luxuri\s liv+ de/roys heal?4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,by frugal & temp]ate liv+1 heal? is pres]v$4 ,or3 ,by liv+ frugally & temp]ately1 we pres]ve our heal?4--,id4 ,by ! do+-away ( ! necessity4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,he recomm5d$ to !m1 h[ev]1 ! imm$iate call+ (--7or1 imm$iately to call--7 ! :ole community to ! *ur*4--,gregory cor4 ,! sep>ation ( l>ge numb]s 9 ?is mann]1 c]ta9ly facilitates ! "r read+ ( !m4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,f _! m]e admitt+ ( a tw(old grammatical con/ruction4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,8 grave lectur+ ( 8 fri5d ab\t x4--,id4 ,= ! blott+-out ( s94--,gurney cor4 ,f ! n-us+ ( wat]4-- ,b>clay cor4 ,by ! g5tle dropp+-9 ( a pebble4--,%]idan cor4 ,to ! c>ry+-on ( a great "p ( t g5]al c\rse ( nature4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,!n ! n-int]pos+ is s f> f be+ a gr\nd ( compla9t4--,id4 ,! b>e omission1 7or r1 ! n-employ+17 ( :at is us$4--,campbell & ,jamieson cor4 ,! br++-toge!r ( incongru\s adv]bs is a v common fault4-- ,*ur*ill cor4 ,?is is a presumptive pro( t x does n proce$ f !m4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,x repres5ts him 9 a "* to :i* any inju/ice is peculi>ly unsuitable4--,campbell cor4 ,!y w aim at some?+ high] ?an a m]e deal+-out ( h>moni\s s\nds4-- ,kirkham cor4 ,?is is intelligible & suffici5t2 & any fur!r acc\nt ( ! matt] seems beyond ! rea* ( our faculties4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,apo/rophe is a turn+-(f f ! regul> c\rse ( ! subject4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,ev5 ,isabella 0 f9ally prevail$ ^u to ass5t to ! s5d+-out ( a commission to inve/igate 8 conduct4--,life ( ,columbus cor4 ,= ! turn+-away ( ! simple %all slay !m4--,bible cor4 ,?ick f+]s always %\ld comm& ,)\t ext5sion ( ! h&4--,k+ cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,( ,,p>ticiples ,,) ,,adjectives4 ,is !re any ,scripture :i* speaks ( ! light z be+ inw>d8--,b>clay cor4 ,= ,i believe n positiv5ess !re9 ess5tial to salvation4--,id4 ,our inability to act a uni=mly "r "p )\t "s ?\ght & c>e4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,on ! supposition t x is reconcilable ) ! con/itution ( nature4--,id4 ,on ! gr\nd t x is n discov]able by reason or exp]i5ce4--,id4 ,on ! gr\nd t !y are unlike ! kn[n c\rse ( nature4--,id4 ,our p[] to disc]n reasons = !m1 gives a positive cr$ibility to ! hi/ory ( !m4--,id4 ,f its lack ( univ]sality4--,id4 ,t !y may be turn$ into passive p>ticiples 9 dus1 is no decisive argum5t to prove !m passive4--,grant cor4 ,) ! impli$ idea t ,/4 ,paul 0 !n abs5t f ! ,cor9?ians4--,kirkham cor4 ,because x becomes gradually weak]1 until x f9ally dies away into sil5ce4--,id4 ,n )\t ! au?or's full k4--,id4 ,wit out ( season is "o sort ( folly4--,%effield cor4 ,its g5]al susceptibility ( a mu* /rong] evid5ce4-- ,campbell cor4 ,at lea/1 t !y are su*1 r>ely enhances our op9ion1 ei!r ( _! abilities or ( _! virtues4--,id4 ,:i* 7 ! gr\nd ( our unity4--,b>clay cor4 ,b !y may be di/+ui%$ f x by _! intransitiv5ess4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,to di/+ui% ! high] degree ( our p]suasion ( a ?+'s possibility4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,t he 0 idle1 & di%one/ too1 ,0 t :i* caus$ 8 utt] ov]?r[4--,tobitt cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,comp\nd ,,v]bal ,,n\ns4 ,:5 x d5otes subjection to ! ex]tion ( an o!r4--,boo? cor4 ,9 ! passive s5se1 x signifies a subjection to ! influ5ce ( ! action4--,fel* cor4 ,to be ab&on$ by our fri5ds1 is v deplorable4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,)\t wait+ to be attack$ by ! ,mac$onians4--,id4 ,9 progress ( "t1 words 7 want$ to express m5's connexion ) c]ta9 conditions ( =tune4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,our acqua9tance ) pa9 & sorr[ has a t5d5cy to br+ u to a settl$ mod]ation4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,! *ancellor's atta*m5t to ! k+1 secur$ to ! mon>* 8 cr[n4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,! g5]al's failure 9 ?is ent]prise occasion$ 8 disgrace4-- ,iid4 ,john's long application to writ+ _h we>i$ him4--,iid4 ,! s5t5ce may be1 ',john's long application to writ+ has we>i$ him4'--,wright cor4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! obs]vance ( ?is rule4-- ,l4 ,murray cor4 ,he m5tion$ t a boy _h be5 correct$ = 8 faults4--,alg] & ,m]*ant cor4 ,! boy's puni%m5t is %ameful to him4--,iid4 ,! great] ! difficulty ( remembrance is1 & ! m important ! be+-rememb]$ is to ! atta9m5t ( ! ultimate end4--,campbell cor4 ,if ! p>ts 9 ! composition ( simil> objects 7 always 9 equal quantity1 _! be+-comp\nd$ 7or _! comp\nd+7 w\ld make no odds4--,id4 ,circum/ances1 n ( su* importance z t ! scope ( ! relation is affect$ by _! be+-kn[n--or1 by ! m5tion ( !m4--,id4 ,a passive v]b expresses ! receiv+ ( an action1 or repres5ts its subject z be+ act$ ^u2 z1 ',john is beat54'--,fro/ cor4 ,s our language has an o!r great advantage2 namely1 t x is little div]sifi$ by g5d]s4--,bu*anan cor4 ,! sl&] conc]n+ ,pet] is no fault ( 84--,fro/ cor4 ,)\t fai? 9 ,*ri/1 !re is no ju/ification4--,p5n cor4 ,habituation to dang] begets intrepidity2 i4e41 less5s fe>4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,x is n affection ( any k9d1 b action t =ms ^? habits4--,id4 ,9 ord] t we may be satisfi$ ( ! tru? ( ! app>5t p>adox4--,campbell cor4 ,a trope consi/s 9 ! employ+ ( a ^w to signify some?+ t is diff]5t f its orig9al or usual mean+4--,blair1 ,jamieson1 ,murray1 & ,kirkham cor42 also ,hiley4 ,! scriptural view ( our salvation f puni%m5t4--,gurney cor4 ,to submit & obey1 is n a r5\nc+ ( ! ,_s's lead+4--,b>clay cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples ,,= ,,inf9itives1 c4 ,to tea* little *ildr5 is a pleasant employm5t4 ,or3 ,! tea*+ ( little *ildr51 c4--,b>tlett cor4 ,to d5y or compromise ! pr9ciples ( tru?1 is virtually to d5y _! div9e ,au?or4--,re=m] cor4 ,a sev]e critic might po9t out "s expressions t w\ld be> retr5*+--retr5*m5t--or1 to be retr5*$4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,nev] attempt to prolong ! pa!tic too mu*4--,id4 ,i n[ recollect to h m5tion$--7or1 t ,i m5tion$--7 a report ( t nature4--,:it+ cor4 ,nor ( ! necessity :i* !re is1 = _! re/ra9t--7or1 = !m to be re/ra9$--7 9 !m4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,b1 to d :at ,god comm&s because he comm&s x1 is ob$i5ce1 ?\gh x proce$s f hope or fe>4--,id4 ,simply to close ! no/rils1 does n s entirely prev5t resonance4--,g>d9] cor4 ,yet !y absolutely refuse to d s4--,h>ris cor4 ,b ,artax]xes c\ld n refuse to p>don him4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,! do+ ( !m 9 ! be/ mann]1 is signifi$ by ! names ( ^! arts4--,ru% cor4 ,to behave well = ! "t to come1 may be insuffici5t4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,! compil] propos$ to publi% t "p by itself4--,adam cor4 ,to smile on ^? :om we %\ld c5sure1 is1 to br+ guilt ^u ourselves4--,kirkham cor4 ,b x w\ld be great inju/ice to t illu/ri\s orator1 to br+ 8 g5ius d[n to ! same level4--,id4 ,! d\bt t ?+s g ill1 (t5 hurts m1 ?an to be sure !y d4--,%ak4 cor4 ,?is is call$ ! /ra9+ ( a metaphor4-- ,blair & ,murray cor4 ,?is is :at ,ari/otle calls ! giv+ ( mann]s to ! poem4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! pa9t]'s entire conf9em5t to t "p ( "t :i* he has *os51 deprives him ( ! p[] ( exhibit+ v>i\s /ages ( ! same action4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,x imports ! retr5*m5t ( all sup]fluities1 & a prun+ ( ! expression4--,blair et al4 cor4 ,! necessity = u to be ?us exempt$ is fur!r app>5t4--,jane ,we/ cor4 ,h] situation 9 life does n all[ h] to be g5teel 9 e ?+4--,same4 ,provid$ y d n dislike to be dirty :5 y are invisible4--,same4 ,!re is n[ an imp]i\s necessity = h] to be acqua9t$ ) h] title to et]nity4--,same4 ,disreg>d to ! re/ra9ts ( virtue1 is misnam$ +5u\sness4--,same4 ,! legislature prohibits ! op5+ ( %ops on ,sunday4--,same4 ,to attempt to prove t any ?+ is "r4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,! comma directs u to make a pause ( a second 9 duration1 or less4--,id4 ,! rule :i* directs u to put o!r words into ! place ( x1 is wrong4--,id4 ,!y direct u to call ! specify+ adjectives1 or adnames1 adjective pron\ns4--,id4 ,william dislikes to att5d c\rt4--,fro/ cor4 ,x may p]haps be wor? :ile to rem>k1 t ,milton makes a di/9ction4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,to pr(ess reg>d & act injuri\sly1 discov]s a base m9d4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,to pr(ess reg>d & act indiff]5tly1 discov]s a base m9d4--,weld cor4 ,y h prov$ beyond contradiction1 t ?is c\rse ( action is ! sure way to procure su* an object4--,campbell cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,p>ticiples ,,aft] ,,be1 ,,is1 c4 ,irony is a figure 9 :i* ! speak] sne]+ly utt]s ! direct rev]se ( :at he int5ds %all be und]/ood4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bce4 ,correct by ?is ! f\r false def9itions ( ,irony cit$ f ,murray1 ,peirce1 ,fi%]1 & ,sanborn4 ,?is is1 9 a great measure1 a deliv]+ ( _! own compositions4--,bu*anan cor4 ,b purity is a "r use ( ! words ( ! language4--,jamieson cor4 ,b ! mo/ important object is ! settl+ ( ! ,engli% quantity4--,walk] cor4 ,:5 !re is no aff9ity1 ! transition f "o mean+ to an o!r is a v wide /ep tak54--,campbell cor4 ,x w be a loss ( "t1 to attempt fur!r to illu/rate x4--,id4 ,?is leaves ! s5t5ce too b>e1 & makes x to be1 if n nons5se1 h>dly s5se4--,cobbett cor4 ,?is is a requir+ ( m lab\rs f e private memb]4--,j4 ,we/ cor4 ,is n ?is1 to use "o measure = our neighb\rs & an o!r = ourselves8--,same4 ,d we n *>ge ,god fooli%ly1 :5 we give ^! d>k col\r+s to human nature8--,same4 ,?is is n1 to endure ! cross1 z a disciple ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 b1 to snat* at x1 l a p>tisan ( ,swift's ,jack4--,same4 ,:at is spell+8 ,x is ! comb9+ ( lett]s to =m syllables & words4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,x is ! *oos+ ( su* lett]s to compose words1 c4--,id4 ,:at is p>s+8 7#a47 ,x is a describ+ ( ! nature1 use1 & p[]s ( words4--,id4 7#b47 ,= ,p>s+ is a describ+ ( ! words ( a s5t5ce z !y are us$4--,id4 7#c47 ,p>s+ is only a describ+ ( ! nature & relations ( words z !y are us$4--,id4 7#d47 ,p>s+1 let ! pupil und]/& & rememb]1 is a /atem5t ( facts conc]n+ words2 or a describ+ ( words 9 _! (fices & relations z !y are4--,id4 7#e47 ,p>s+ is ! resolv+ & expla9+ ( words accord+ to ! rules ( gramm>4--,id4 ,bett]3 ,p>s+ is ! resolv+ or expla9+ ( a s5t5ce accord+ to ! def9itions & rules ( gramm>4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bh4 7#f47 ,! p>s+ ( a ^w1 rememb]1 is an enum]at+ & describ+ ( its v>i\s qualities1 & its grammatical relations to o!r words 9 ! s5t5ce4--,peirce cor4 7#g47 ,= ! p>s+ ( a ^w is an enum]at+ & describ+ ( its v>i\s prop]ties1 & its relations to o!r words 9 ! s5t5ce4--,id4 7#h47 ,! p>s+ ( a n\n is an explanation ( its p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 & case2 & also ( its grammatical relation 9 a s5t5ce1 ) respect to "s o!r ^w or words4--,+]soll cor4 7#i47 ,! p>s+ ( any "p ( spee* is an explanation ( all its prop]ties & relations4--,id4 7#aj47 ,p>s+ is ! resolv+ ( a s5t5ce into its elem5ts4--,f[l] cor4 ,! highway ( ! upright is1 to dep>t f evil4--,prov41 xvi1 #ag4 ,besides1 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds exhibit+ ! tru?1 %\ld be1 to remove ! veil ( error4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,punctuation is ! divid+ ( s5t5ces1 & ! words ( s5t5ces1 by po9ts = pauses4--,id4 ,an o!r fault is ! us+ ( ! imp]fect t5se ,,%ook 9 /ead ( ! p>ticiple ,,%ak54--,*ur*ill cor4 ,h] employm5t is ! draw+ ( maps4--,alg] cor4 ,to g to ! play1 accord+ to 8 notion1 is1 to lead a s5sual life1 & to expose "o's self to ! /ronge/ temptations4 ,?is is a begg+ ( ! "q1 & !re=e requires no answ]4--,=mey cor4 ,x is an ov]valu+ ( ourselves1 to r$uce e ?+ to ! n>r[ measure ( our capacities4--,comly's ,key1 9 8 ,gram41 p4 #ahh2 ,fisk's ,gram41 p4 #ace4 ,:at is vocal language8 ,x is spee*1 or ! express+ ( ideas by ! human voice4--,c4 ,w4 ,s&]s cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,v]bs ,,( ,,prev5t+4 ,! annull+ p[] ( ! con/itution prev5t$ t enactm5t f becom+ a law4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,:i* prev5ts ! mann] f be+ brief4--,id4 ,?is close prev5ts !m f be>+ =w>d z nom9atives4--,ru% cor4 ,because ?is prev5ts x f gr[+ dr[sy4--,=mey cor4 ,yet ?is does n prev5t him f be+ great4--,id4 ,to prev5t x f be+ insipid4--,id4 ,or ^: int]ruptions did n prev5t its cont9uance4 ,or ?us3 ,^: int]ruptions did n prev5t x f be+ cont9u$4--,id4 ,?is by no means prev5ts !m f be+ also puni%m5ts4--,wayl& cor4 ,?is h9d]s !m n f be+ also1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 puni%m5ts4--,id4 ,! noise made by ! ra9 & w9d1 prev5t$ !m f be+ he>d4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,he endeav\r$ to prev5t x f tak+ effect4--,id4 ,s seque/]$ z to prev5t !m f be+ explor$4--,jane ,we/ cor4 ,:o prev5t$ h] f mak+ a m pleasant p>ty4--,same4 ,to prev5t u f be+ toss$ ab\t by e w9d ( doctr9e4--,same4 ,aft] ! infirmities ( age prev5t$ him f be>+ 8 "p ( (ficial duty4--,r4 ,adam cor4 ,to prev5t spl5did trifles f pass+ = matt]s ( importance4--,kames cor4 ,:i* prev5ts him f ex]t+ himself to any good purpose4--,beattie cor4 ,! nonobs]vance ( ?is rule v frequ5tly prev5ts u f be+ punctual 9 ! p]=mance ( our duties4--,todd cor4 ,no?+ w prev5t him f be+ a /ud5t1 & possess+ ! means ( /udy4--,id4 ,does ! pres5t accid5t h9d] y f be+ hone/ & brave8--,colli] cor4 ,! e is omitt$ to prev5t two ,ees f com+ toge!r4--,f[le cor4 ,a pron\n is us$ =1 or 9 place (1 a n\n1--to prev5t a repetition ( ! n\n4--,sanborn cor4 ,div]sity 9 ! /yle relieves ! e>1 & prev5ts x f be+ tir$ ) ! frequ5t recurr5ce ( ! rhymes4--,campbell cor42 also ,murray4 ,timidity & false %ame prev5t u f oppos+ vici\s cu/oms4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,to prev5t !m f be+ mov$ by su*4--,campbell cor4 ,"s ob/acle1 or imp$im5t1 t prev5ts x f tak+ place4--,prie/ley cor4 ,:i* prev5ts u f mak+ a progress t[>ds p]fection4--,%]idan cor4 ,?is me?od ( di/+ui%+ words1 mu/ prev5t any regul> proportion ( "t f be+ settl$4--,id4 ,t no?+ b affectation c prev5t x f always tak+ place4--,id4 ,?is did n prev5t ,john f be+ ackn[l$g$ & solemnly inaugurat$ ,duke ( ,norm&y4 ,or3 ,not)/&+ ?is1 ,john 0 ackn[l$g$ & solemnly inaugurat$ ,duke ( ,norm&y4--,h5ry1 ,web/]1 ,sanborn1 & ,f[l] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,! ,,lead+ ,,^w ,,9 ,,s5se4 ,?is w\ld make x impossible = a n\n1 or any o!r ^w1 ev] to be 9 ! possessive case4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,a great "p ( our pleasure arises f f9d+ ! plan or /ory well conduct$4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,& we h no reason to wond] t ?is 0 ! case4--,id4 ,%e object$ only1 7z ,cic]o says17 to ,oppianicus z hav+ two sons by 8 pres5t wife4--,id4 ,! subjugation ( ! ,britons by ! ,saxons1 0 a necess>y consequ5ce ( _! call+ ( ^! ,saxons to _! assi/ance4--,id4 ,:at he _h !re said conc]n+ ! ,saxons1 t !y expell$ ! ,britons1 & *ang$ ! cu/oms1 ! religion1 & ! language ( ! c\ntry1 is a cle> & a good reason :y our pres5t language is ,saxon1 r ?an ,briti%4--,id4 ,! only mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 except t ! "o is %ort & ! o!r m prolong$1 is1 t a metaphor is always expla9$ by ! words t are connect$ ) x4--,id4 et ,mur4 cor4 ,! description ( ,dea?1 advanc+ to meet ,satan on 8 arrival4--,ru% cor4 ,is n ! b>e fact1 t ,god is ! witness ( x1 suffici5t gr\nd = its cr$ibility to re/ ^u8--,*alm]s cor4 ,z 9 ! case ( "o :o is ent]+ ^u a new /udy4--,beattie cor4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ^! affect ! copula1 is call$ ! imp]ative mood4--,wilk9s cor4 ,we are fre$ f ! tr\ble1 because our n\ns h sc>cely any div]sity ( end+s4--,bu*anan cor4 ,! v]b is r indicative ( ! action z be+ do+1 or done1 ?an ( ! "t ( ! ev5t2 b inde$ ! ideas are undi/+ui%able4--,boo? cor4 ,nobody w\ld d\bt t ?is is a suffici5t pro(4--,campbell cor4 ,aga9/ ! doctr9e "h ma9ta9$1 t consci5ce z well z reason1 is a natural faculty4--,beattie cor4 ,x is "o cause :y ! ,greek & ,engli% languages are mu* m easy to le>n1 ?an ! ,lat94--,bucke cor4 ,i h n be5 able to make out a solit>y in/ance 9 :i* su* has be5 ! fact4--,lib4 cor4 ,an angel1 =m+ ! appe>ance ( a h&1 & writ+ ! k+'s condemnation on ! wall1 *eck$ _! mir?1 & fill$ !m ) t]ror4--,wood cor4 ,! prison]s1 9 attempt+ to escape1 ar\s$ ! keep]s4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,i d\bt n1 9 ! lea/1 t ?is has be5 "o cause ( ! multiplication ( div9ities 9 ! hea!n _w4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,f ! g5]al rule he lays d[n1 t ! v]b is ! p>5t ^w ( all language4--,tooke cor4 ,he 0 accus$ ( be+ idle4 ,or3 ,he 0 accus$ ( idl5ess4--,fel* cor4 ,our meet+ is g5]ally dissatisfi$ ) him = s remov+4 ,or3 ) ! circum/ances ( 8 removal4--,edmondson cor4 ,! spectacle is too r>e1 ( m5 des]v+ solid fame :ile n seek+ x4--,bu% cor4 ,:at fur!r ne$ 0 !re t an o!r prie/ %\ld rise8--,heb41 vii1 #aa4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xi4--,,ref]5ce ,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,view+ !m sep>ately1 we exp]i5ce diff]5t emotions4 ,or3 ,view$ sep>ately1 !y produce diff]5t emotions4--,kames cor4 ,b1 ?is be+ left d\btful1 an o!r objection occurs4--,id4 ,z he proce$$ f "o p>ticul> to an o!r1 ! subject grew "u 8 h&4--,id4 ,b ?is is /ill an int]ruption1 & a l9k ( ! *a9 is brok54--,id4 ,aft] "s days' hunt+1--7or1 ,aft] "s days sp5t 9 hunt+17--,cyrus communicat$ 8 design to 8 (fic]s4--,roll9 cor4 ,b x is made1 )\t ! appe>ance ( be+ made 9 =m4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,^! w\ld h _h a bett] effect1 _h !y be5 disjo9$1 ?us4--,blair & ,murray cor4 ,9 an improp] diph?ong1 b "o ( ! v[els is s\nd$4--,murray1 ,alg]1 et al4 cor4 ,& ,i be+ l$ to ?9k ( bo? toge!r1 my view is r5d]$ un/eady4--,blair1 ,mur41 & ,jam4 cor4 ,by (t5 do+ ! same ?+1 we make ! action habitual4 ,or3 ,:at is (t5 done1 becomes habitual4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!y rema9 ) u 9 our d>k & solit>y h\rs1 no less ?an :5 we are surr\nd$ ) fri5ds & *e]ful society4--,id4 ,besides %[+ :at is "r1 "o may fur!r expla9 ! matt] by po9t+ out :at is wrong4--,l[? cor4 ,! =m] tea*es ! true pronunciation ( words1 & comprises acc5t1 quantity1 emphasis1 pauses1 & tones4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,a p]son may reprove o!rs = _! neglig5ce1 by say+1 ',y h tak5 great c>e inde$4'--,id4 ,! ^w prec$+ & ! ^w foll[+ x1 are 9 apposition to ea* o!r4--,id4 ,he hav+ f9i%$ 8 spee*1 ! assembly disp]s$4--,coop] cor4 ,7 ! voice to fall at ! close ( ! la/ l9e1 z _m a read] is 9 ! habit ( all[+ x to d4--,kirkham cor4 ,! mis=tunes ( 8 c\ntrym5 7 b negatively ! effects ( 8 wra?1 :i* only depriv$ !m ( 8 assi/ance4--,kames cor4 ,tak+ !m z n\ns1 we may expla9 ?is con/ruction ?us4--,grant cor4 ,^! h an active signification1 except ^? :i* come f neut] v]bs4--,id4 ,f its evid5ce n be+ univ]sal4 ,or3 ,f ! fact t its evid5ce is n univ]sal4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,& ?is fai? w cont9ually gr[1 z we acqua9t ourselves ) our own nature4--,*ann+ cor4 ,monosyllables end+ ) any consonant b f1 l1 or s1 nev] d\ble ! f9al consonant1 :5 x is prec$$ by a s+le v[el2 except add1 ebb1 c4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,or3 ,words end+ ) any consonant except f1 l1 or s1 d n d\ble ! f9al lett]4 ,exceptions4 ,add1 ebb1 c4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #c4 7,see my #b;d ,rule = ,spell+1 ( :i* ?is is a p>tial copy47 ,! relation ( ,m>ia z be+ ! object ( ! action1 is express$ by ! *ange ( ! n\n ,m>ia to ,m>iam2 i4 e41 9 ! ,lat9 language4--,boo? cor4 ,9 analyz+ a proposition1 "o mu/ fir/ divide x into its logical subject & pr$icate4--,&rews & ,/odd>d cor4 ,9 analyz+ a simple s5t5ce1 "o %\ld fir/ resolve x into its logical subject & logical pr$icate4--,wells cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xii4--,,( ,,p>ticiples ,,& ,,n\ns4 ,! in/ant discov]y ( passions at _! bir?1 is ess5tial to our well-be+4--,kames cor4 ,i am n[ to ent] on a consid]ation ( ! s\rces ( ! pleasures ( ta/e4--,blair cor4 ,! v>ieties 9 ! use ( !m are inde$ _m4--,murray cor4 ,! *ang+ ( times & seasons1 ! remov+ & ! sett+-up ( k+s1 belong to ,provid5ce alone4--,id4 ,adh]5ce to ! p>titions1 seem$ ! cause ( ,france2 acceptance ( ! w1 t ( ! h\se ( ,b\rbon4--,bol+broke cor4 ,an o!r s\rce ( d>kness 9 composition1 is ! injudici\s introduction ( te*nical words & phrases4--,campbell cor4 ,^! are ! rules ( gramm>2 by obs]v+ :i*1 y may avoid mi/akes4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,by obs]v+ ! rules1 y may avoid mi/akes4--,alg] cor4 ,by obs]v+ ^! rules1 he succe$$4--,fro/ cor4 ,! praise be/[$ on him 0 8 ru94--,id4 ,deception is n conv9cem5t4--,id4 ,he nev] fe>$ ! loss ( a fri5d4--,id4 ,! mak+ ( books is 8 amusem5t4--,alg] cor4 ,we call x ! decl9+--7or1 ! decl5sion--7 ( a n\n4--,+]soll cor4 ,wa%+ton1 h[ev]1 pursu$ ! same policy ( neutrality1 & oppos$ firmly ! tak+ ( any "p 9 ! w>s ( ,europe4--,hall & ,bak] cor4 ,! foll[+ is a note ( ,int]rogation1 or ( a "q3 7874--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,! foll[+ is a note ( ,admiration1 or ( wond]3 7674--,id4 ,! use or omission ( ! article ,a =ms a nice di/9ction 9 ! s5se4--,murray cor4 ,! plac+ ( ! preposition be=e ! ^w1 :i* x gov]ns1 is m graceful4--,*ur*ill cor4 7,see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #if2 ,murray's1 i1 #bjj2 ,fisk's1 #ada2 ,smi?'s1 #afg47 ,assi/ance is absolutely necess>y to _! recov]y1 & ! retriev+ ( _! affairs4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,:i* t]m9ation1 i%1 :5 add$ to adjectives1 imports dim9ution1 or a less5+ ( ! quality4--,mur4 & ,kirkham cor4 ,aft] :at has be5 said1 w x be ?\ght an excess ( ref9em5t1 to sugge/ t ! diff]5t ord]s are qualifi$ = diff]5t purposes8--,kames cor4 ,:o has no?+ to ?9k (1 b ! kill+ ( "t4--,we/ cor4 ,x requires no nicety ( e>1 z 9 ! di/+ui%+ ( tones1 or ! measur+ ( "t4--,%]idan cor4 ,! possessive case is t =m or /ate ( a n\n or pron\n1 :i* d5otes possession1 or ! relation ( prop]ty4--,s4 ,r4 ,hall cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,xiii4--,,p]fect ,,p>ticiples4 ,g>cilasso 0 ma/] ( ! language spok5 by ! ,incas4--,rob]tson cor4 ,:5 an int]e/+ /ory is brok5 (f 9 ! middle4--,kames cor4 ,speak+ ( ,hannibal's elephants driv5 back by ! enemy4--,id4 ,if ,du ,ry] _h n writt5 = bread1 he w\ld h equall$ !m4--,=mey cor4 ,pope describes a rock brok5 (f f a m\nta91 & hurl+ to ! pla94--,kames cor4 ,i h writt51 ,?\ ha/ writt51 ,he ha? or has writt52 c4--,a% & ,maltby cor4 ,?is 0 spok5 by a pagan4--,web/] cor4 ,b ,i h *os5 to foll[ ! common arrangem5t4--,id4 ,! language spok5 9 ,b5gal4--,id4 ,& s\nd sleep ?us brok5 (f ) sudd5 al>ms1 is apt en\gh to discompose any "o4--,locke cor4 ,?is is n only ! case ( ^? op5 s9n]s be=e spok5 (4--,leslie cor4 ,"s gramm>ians h writt5 a v p]plex$ & difficult doctr9e on ,punctuation4--,ensell cor4 ,!re ha? a pity aris5 9 me t[>ds !e4--,g4 ,fox ,jun4 cor4 ,abel is ! only man t has und]gone ! awful *ange ( dea?4--,de ,g5lis1 ,dea? ( ,adam4 ,meantime1 on ,afric's gl[+ s&s1 ,smit ) ke5 heat1 ! travell] /&s4--,ode cor4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,adv]bs4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xxi4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,! ,,plac+ ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,n all t is fav\r$ by good use1 is prop] to be reta9$4--,l4 ,murray correct$4 ,n ev]y?+ fav\r$ by good use1 is on t acc\nt wor?y to be reta9$4--,campbell cor4 ,mo/ m5 dream1 b n all4--,beattie cor4 ,by ha/y composition1 we %all c]ta9ly acquire a v bad /yle4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! comp>isons are %ort1 t\*+ on only "o po9t ( resemblance4--,id4 ,hav+ once _h "s consid]able object set be=e u4--,id4 ,! positive seems to be improp]ly call$ a degree4 #edc--;,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,9 "s phrases1 ! g5itive only is us$4--,iid4 ,?is blund] is said to h actually occurr$4--,smi? cor4 ,b n e man is call$ ,james1 nor e woman1 ,m>y4--,bu*anan cor4 ,crot*ets are employ$ = ne>ly ! same purpose z ! p>5!sis4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,!re is a /ill great] impropriety 9 a d\ble comp>ative4--,prie/ley cor4 ,we (t5 h occasion to speak ( "t4--,l[? cor4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ce _c possibly be und]/ood4--,id4 ,! words mu/ g5]ally be sep>at$ f ! context4--,comly cor4 ,words end+ 9 ator1 g5]ally h ! acc5t on ! p5ultimate4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! le>n$ languages1 ) respect to voices1 moods1 & t5ses1 are1 9 g5]al1 con/ruct$ diff]5tly f ! ,engli% tongue4--,id4 ,adv]bs seem to h be5 orig9ally contriv$ to express comp5di\sly1 9 "o ^w1 :at mu/ o!rwise h requir$ two or m4--,id4 ,b x is s1 only :5 ! expression c be conv]t$ into ! regul> =m ( ! possessive case4--,id4 ',ent] boldly1' says he1 '= "h too !re are gods4'--,h>ris cor4 ,= none ev] "w = s little a pittance t "s _c be f\nd to "w = less4--,s$gwick cor4 ,= s9n]s also l5d to s9n]s1 to receive aga9 z mu*4--,bible cor4 ,or1 z ,campbell has x 9 8 v]sion3--t !y may receive z mu* 9 return4--,luke1 vi1 #cd4 ,!y mu/ be view$ 9 exactly ! same light4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,if he speaks b to display 8 abilities1 he is unwor?y ( att5tion4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,adv]bs ,,= ,,adjectives4 ,upw>d motion is commonly m agreeable ?an motion d[nw>d4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,!re are b two possible ways ( ju/ification be=e ,god4--,cox cor4 ,?is con/ruction s\nds r h>%4--,mur4 & ,+4 cor4 ,a cle> conception1 9 ! m9d ( ! le>n]1 ( regul> & well-=m$ lett]s4--,c4 ,s4 ,j\r4 cor4 ,he 0 a great he>] ( 99 99 99 ,attalus1 ,sotion1 ,papirius1 ,fabianus1 ( :om he makes frequ5t m5tion4--,l',e/range cor4 ,x is only ! frequ5t do+ ( a ?+1 t makes x a cu/om4--,leslie cor4 ,because ,w4 ,r4 takes frequ5t occasion to ins9uate 8 jeal\sies ( p]sons & ?+s4--,b>clay cor4 ,yet frequ5t t\*+ w we> gold4--,%ak4 cor4 ,un$ucat$ p]sons frequ5tly use an adv]b :5 !y ought to use an adjective3 z1 ',! c\ntry looks beautifully2' 9 /ead ( beautiful4 #edd-- ,bucke cor4 ,! adjective is put absolute1 or )\t its sub/antive4--,a% cor4 ,a n\n or a pron\n 9 ! second p]son1 may be put absolute 9 ! nom9ative case4--,h>rison cor4 ,a n\n or a pron\n1 :5 put absolute ) a p>ticiple1 c4--,id4 & ,jaudon cor4 ,a v]b 9 ! inf9itive mood absolute1 /&s indep5d5t ( ! rema9+ "p ( ! s5t5ce4--,wilbur & ,liv4 cor4 ,at my late return into ,engl&1 ,i met a book entitl$1 ',! ,iron ,age4'--,c[ley cor4 ,b he c discov] no bett] f\ndation = any ( !m1 ?an ! m]e practice ( ,hom] & ,virgil4--,kames cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,"h ,,= ,,hi!r1 ,c4 ,x is report$1 t ! gov]nor w come hi!r to-morr[4--,kirkham cor4 ,x has be5 report$ t ! gov]nor w come hi!r to-morr[4--,id4 ,to cat* a prospect ( t lovely l& :i!r 8 /eps are t5d+4--,matur9 cor4 ,plautus makes "o ( 8 *>act]s ask an o!r1 :i!r he is go+ ) t ,vulcan %ut up 9 a horn2 t is1 ) a lant]n 9 8 h&4--,adams cor4 ,:5 we left ,cambridge we int5d$ to return ?i!r 9 a few days4--,anon4 cor4 ,duncan comes hi!r to-night4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cbc4 ,!y talk$ ( return+ hi!r la/ week4--,see ,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's ,gram41 p4 #abi4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,f ,,h5ce1 ,c4 ,h5ce he concludes1 t no inf]5ce c be drawn f ! mean+ ( ! ^w1 t a con/itution has a high] au?ority ?an a law or /atute1--,web/] cor4 ,:5ce we may likewise date ! p]iod ( ?is ev5t4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,h5ce x becomes evid5t t ,,language1 tak5 9 ! mo/ compreh5sive view1 implies c]ta9 s\nds1 or c]ta9 writt5 signs1 hav+ c]ta9 mean+s4--,h>ris cor4 ,!y return$ to ! city :5ce !y came out4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,respect+ ellipses1 "s gramm>ians diff] /rangely 9 _! ideas2 & !nce has aris5 a v :imsical div]sity 9 _! sy/ems ( gramm>4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,:at am ,i1 & :5ce8 ,t is1 ,:at am ,i1 & :5ce am ,i8--,jaudon cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,! ,,adv]b ,,h[4 ,x is /range1 t a writ] s accurate z ,dean ,swift1 %\ld h /umbl$ on s improp] an application ( ?is p>ticle4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,ye "k1 t a good :ile ago ,god made *oice among u1 c4--,bible cor4 ,let u take c>e le/ we s92 i4e41--t we d n s94--,prie/ley cor4 ,we see by ^! in/ances1 t prepositions may be necess>y1 to connect su* words z are n naturally connect$ by _! own signification4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,"k ye n y\r own selves1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is 9 y1 except ye be reprobates8--,bible cor4 ,t ?\ may/ "k t ! e>? is ! ,"l's4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,:51 ,,:ile1 ,,or ,,:]e4 ,,ellipsis is ! omission ( "s ^w or words :i* are necess>y to complete ! con/ruction1 b n requisite to complete ! s5se4--,adam1 ,g\ld1 & ,fisk1 cor4 ,,pleonasm is ! ins]tion ( "s ^w or words m ?an are absolutely necess>y ei!r to complete ! con/ruction1 or to express ! s5se4--,iid4 cor4 ,,hy/]on-,,prot]on is a figure 9 :i* t is put 9 ! =m] "p ( ! s5t5ce1 :i*1 accord+ to ! s5se1 %\ld be 9 ! latt]4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,,hy/]on-,,prot]on is a rhetorical figure 9 :i* t is said la/1 :i* 0 done fir/4--,web/] cor4 ,a ,,b>b>ism is a =eign or /range ^w1 an expression contr>y to ! pure idiom ( ! language4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,a ,,solecism is an impropriety 9 respect to syntax1 an absurdity or incongruity 9 spee*4--,iid4 cor4 ,an ,,idiotism is a mann] ( expression peculi> to "o language *ildi%ly transf]r$ to an o!r4--,iid4 cor4 ,,tautology is a disagreeable repetition1 ei!r ( ! same words1 or ( ! same s5se 9 diff]5t words4--,iid4 cor4 ,,bomba/1 or ,,fu/ian1 is an inflat$ or ambiti\s /yle1 9 :i* high-s\nd+ words are us$1 ) little or no mean+1 or ^u a trifl+ occasion4--,iid4 cor4 ,,amphibology is ambiguity ( con/ruction1 phraseology :i* may be tak5 9 two diff]5t s5ses4--,iid4 cor4 ,,irony is a figure 9 :i* "o means ! contr>y ( :at is said4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,,p]iphrasis1 or ,,circumlocution1 is ! use ( sev]al words1 to express :at might be said 9 few]4--,iid4 cor4 ,,hyp]bole is a figure 9 :i* a ?+ is magnifi$ above ! tru?4--,iid4 cor4 ,,p]sonification is a figure :i* ascribes human life1 s5tim5ts1 or actions1 to inanimate be+s1 or to ab/ract qualities4--,iid4 cor4 ,,apo/rophe is a turn+ f ! t5or ( "o's disc\rse1 into an animat$ address to "s p]son1 pres5t or abs5t1 liv+ or dead1 or to "s object p]sonifi$4--,iid4 cor4 ,a ,,simile is a simple & express comp>ison2 & is g5]ally introduc$ by ,,l1 ,,z1 or s4--,g4 ,b41 ,in/41 p4 #bcc2 ,kirkham cor42 also ,adam & ,g\ld4 ,,anti!sis is a plac+ ( ?+s 9 opposition1 to height5 _! effect by contra/4--,in/41 p4 #bcd2 ,adam & ,g\ld correct$4 ,,vision1 or ,,imag]y1 is a figure 9 :i* :at is pres5t only to ! m9d1 is repres5t$ z actually be=e "o's eyes1 & pres5t to ! s5ses4--,g4 ,b42 ,adam cor4 ,,emphasis is a p>ticul> /ress ( voice laid on "s ^w 9 a s5t5ce4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bda4 ,,epanor?osis1 or ,,correction1 is ! recall+ or correct+ by ! speak]1 ( :at he la/ said4--,ibid4 ,,p>alipsis1 or ,,omission1 is ! pret5d+ to omit or pass by1 :at "o at ! same "t decl>es4--,ibid4 ,,increm5tum1 or ,,climax 9 s5se1 is ! ris+ ( "o memb] above an o!r to ! highe/4--,ibid4 ,,metonymy is a *ange ( names3 z :5 ! cause is m5tion$ = ! effect1 or ! effect = ! cause2 ! conta9] = ! ?+ conta9$1 or ! sign = ! ?+ signifi$4--,kirkham cor4 ,! ,agreem5t ( words is _! simil>ity 9 p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 case1 mood1 t5se1 or =m4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ajd4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( words is t p[] :i* "o ^w has ov] an o!r1 to cause x to assume "s p>ticul> modification4--,ib4 ,fusion is ! conv]t+ ( "s solid sub/ance into a fluid by heat4--,g4 ,b4 ,a prop] diph?ong is a diph?ong 9 :i* bo? ! v[els are s\nd$ toge!r2 z1 oi 9 voice1 ou 9 h\se4--,fi%] cor4 ,an improp] diph?ong is a diph?ong 9 :i* ! s\nd ( b "o ( ! two v[els is he>d2 z1 eo 9 p4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,! ,,adv]b ,,no ,,= ,,n4 ,an adv]b is add$ to a v]b to %[ h[1 or :51 or :]e1 or :e!r or n1 "o is1 does1 or suff]s4--,bu*anan cor4 ,we mu/ be immortal1 :e!r we w or n4--,matur9 cor4 ,he c>es n :e!r ! _w 0 made = ,cs> or n4--,a4 ,q4 ,rev4 cor4 ,i d n "k :e!r !y are out or n4--,byron cor4 ,:e!r x c be prov$ or n1 is n ! ?+4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,:e!r he makes use ( ! means comm&$ by ,god1 or n4--,id4 ,:e!r x pleases ! _w or n1 ! c>e is tak54--,l',e/range cor4 ,h[ comes ?is to be nev] he>d (1 nor 9 ! lea/ que/ion$1 :e!r ! ,law 0 und\bt$ly ( ,moses's writ+ or n8--,toml9e cor4 ,:e!r he be a s9n] or n1 ,i d n "k4 ,or1 z ! text is m lit]ally translat$ by ,campbell3 ,:e!r he be a s9n]1 ,i "k n4--,bible cor4 ,c ,i make m5 live1 :e!r !y w or n8--,%ak4 cor4 ,c he>ts n free1 be tri$ :e!r !y s]ve ,will+ or n1 :o w b :at !y mu/8--,milton cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,( ,,d\ble ,,negatives4 ,we ne$ n1 nor d we1 conf9e ! purposes ( ,god4 ,or3 ,we ne$ n1 & d n1 conf9e1 c4--,b5tley cor4 ,i _c by any means all[ him t4--,id4 ,we mu/ try :e!r or n we c increase ! att5tion by ! help ( ! s5ses4--,brightl& cor4 ,!re is no?+ m admirable or m useful4--,tooke cor4 ,& :at 9 "t to come he c nev] be said to h done1 he c nev] be suppos$ to d4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,no skill c\ld obviate1 no rem$y dispel1 ! t]rible infection4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,prud]y _c be an indication ei!r ( s5se or ( ta/e4--,spurzheim cor4 ,b nei!r t scripture1 nor any o!r1 speaks ( imp]fect fai?4--,b>clay cor4 ,b nei!r ?is scripture1 nor any o!r1 proves t fai? 0 or is always accompani$ ) d\bt+4--,id4 ,! light ( ,*ri/ is n1 & _c be1 d>kness4--,id4 ,do? n ! ,scripture1 :i* _c lie1 give "s ( ! sa9ts ?is te/imony8--,id4 ,:i* d n cont9ue1 & are n b9d+4--,id4 ,x n be+ p]ceiv$ directly1 any m ?an ! air4--,campbell cor4 ,let u be no ,/oics1 & no /ocks1 ,i pray4--,%ak4 cor4 ,:]e !re is no m>k$ or peculi> "* 9 ! /yle4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,!re c be no rules laid d[n1 nor any mann] recomm5d$4--,%]idan cor4 ,bates4 ',he ha? n told 8 ?\ght to ! k+8' ,k4 ,h5ry4 ',no2 & x is n meet he %\ld4' ,or ?us3 ',no2 nor is x meet he %\ld4'--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ix4--,,ev] ,,& ,,nev]4 ,! pray] ( ,*ri/ is m ?an suffici5t bo? to /r5g!n u1 be we ev]so weak2 & to ov]?r[ all adv]s>y p[]1 be x ev]so /rong4--,hook] cor4 ,he is l to h no %>e 9 x1 or to be nev] ! bett] = x4 ,or3 ,he is n likely to h any %>e 9 x1 or to be ev] ! bett] = x4--,bunyan cor4 ,9 "s p>ts ( ,*ili x seldom or nev] ra9s4--,willetts cor4 ,if ,pompey %all b ev]so little seem to l x4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,?\gh ev]so great a posse ( dogs & hunt]s pursue him4--,id4 ,?\gh y be ev]so excell5t4--,id4 ,if y d amiss ev]so little4--,id4 ,if we ca/ our eyes ev]so little d[n4--,id4 ,a wise man scorne? no?+1 be x ev]so small or homely4--,m4 ,f4 ,tupp] cor4 ,because !y h seldom if ev] an opportunity ( le>n+ !m at all4--,cl>kson cor4 ,we seldom or nev] see ^? =sak5 :o tru/ 9 ,god4--,att]bury cor4 ,:]e1 play+ ) him at bo-peep1 ,he solv$ all problems1 e'erso deep4--,s4 ,butl] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,x4--,,( ,,! ,,=m ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,"o c sc>cely ?9k t ,pope 0 capable ( epic or tragic poetry2 b1 )9 a c]ta9 limit$ region1 he has be5 outdone by no poet4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,i :o n[ read1 h ne>ly f9i%$ ?is *apt]4--,h>ris cor4 ,& yet1 to ref9e our ta/e ) respect to beauties ( art or ( nature1 is sc>cely endeav\r$ 9 any sem9>y ( le>n+4--,kames cor4 ,! numb]s be+ conf\nd$1 & ! possessives wrongly appli$1 ! passage is nei!r ,engli% nor gramm>4--,bu*anan cor4 ,! lett] ,g is wrongly nam$ ,jee4--,creighton cor4 ,la/ly1 rememb] t 9 sci5ce1 z 9 morals1 au?ority _c make "r :at 9 itself is wrong4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,!y regulate our ta/e ev5 :]e we are sc>cely s5sible ( !m4--,kames cor4 ,sl[ action1 = example1 is imitat$ by words pron\nc$ sl[ly4--,id4 ,surely1 if x be to pr(it )al1 x mu/ be 9 ord] to save4--,b>clay cor4 ,:i* is sc>cely possible at be/4--,%]idan cor4 ,our weal? be+ ne>ly f9i%$4--,h>ris cor4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,conjunctions4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xxii4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,two ,,t]ms ,,) ,,"o4 ,! fir/ proposal 0 ess5tially diff]5t f ! second1 & inf]ior to x4--,in/4 ,a neut] v]b expresses ! /ate :i* a subject is 91 )\t act+ ^u any o!r ?+1 or be+ act$ ^u by an o!r4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,i answ]1 ,y may use /ories & anecdotes1 & ought to d s4--,todd cor4 ,,oracle1 n4 ,any p]son f :om1 or place at :i*1 c]ta9 decisions are obta9$4--,web/] cor4 ,=ms ( gov]nm5t may1 & occasionally mu/1 be *ang$4--,lyttelton cor4 ,i h be51 & ,i /ill pret5d to be1 a tol]able judge4--,sp$4 cor4 ,are we n lazy 9 our duties1 or d we n make a ,*ri/ ( !m8--,baxt] cor4 ,!y may n express t idea :i* ! au?or int5ds1 b "s o!r :i* only resembles x1 or is ak9 to x4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,we may !re=e read !m1 we ought to read !m1 ) a di/+ui%+ eye4--,ib4 ,comp>e _! pov]ty ) :at !y might possess1 & ought to possess4--,s$gwick cor4 ,he is mu* bett] acqua9t$ ) gramm> ?an !y are4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,he 0 m belov$ ?an ,c9?io1 b he 0 n s mu* admir$4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bbb4 ,w x be urg$1 t ! f\r gospels are z old z tradition1 & ev5 old]8--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #bjg4 ,! c\rt ( *anc]y frequ5tly mitigates & dis>ms ! common law4--,spect4 & ,w>e cor4 ,antony1 com+ along side ( h] %ip1 ent]$ x )\t see+ h]1 or be+ se5 by h]4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,into c&id m9ds1 tru? ent]s z a welcome gue/4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!re are _m designs 9 :i* we may succe$1 to our ultimate ru94--,id4 ,f _m pursuits 9 :i* we emb>k ) pleasure1 we are de/9$ to l& sorr[fully4--,id4 ,!y ga9 mu* m ?an ,i1 by ?is unexpect$ ev5t4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,het]og5e\s ,,t]ms4 ,a!ns saw !m ent]+ h] gates & fill+ h] academies4--,*azotte cor4 ,nei!r h we =got 8 pa/ a*ievem5ts1 nor d we despair ( 8 future success4--,duncan cor4 ,h] monum5ts & temples _h long be5 %att]$1 or _h crumbl$ into du/4--,j\rnal cor4 ,competition is excell5t2 x is ! vital pr9ciple 9 all ^! ?+s4--,id4 ,:e!r provision %\ld1 or %\ld n1 be made1 9 ord] to meet ?is exig5cy4--,ib44 ,t our ,savi\r 0 div9ely inspir$1 & t he 0 endu$ ) sup]natural p[]s1 are positions t are "h tak5 = grant$4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,x w\ld be mu* m eligible1 to contract or enl>ge _! ext5t by explanatory notes & obs]vations1 ?an to sweep away our anci5t l&m>ks & set up o!rs4--,id4 ,x is c]ta9ly mu* bett] to supply defects & abridge sup]fluities by occasional notes & obs]vations1 ?an to disorganize or greatly alt] a sy/em :i* has be5 s long e/abli%$4--,id4 ,to h only "o tune1 or measure1 is n mu* bett] ?an to h none at all4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,facts too well kn[n & too obvi\s to be insi/$ on4--,id4 ,9 proportion z all ^! circum/ances are happily *os51 & are ( a sublime k9d4--,id4 ,if ! description be too g5]al1 & be dive/$ ( circum/ances4--,id4 ,he ga9$ no?+ b comm5dation4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,i _c b ?9k its application some:at /ra9$ & misplac$4--,ve?ake cor4 ,two negatives /&+ 9 ! same clause1 or ref]r+ to ! same ?+1 de/roy ea* o!r1 & leave ! s5se affirmative4--,maund] cor4 ,slates are ?9 plates ( /one1 & are (t5 us$ to cov] ! ro(s ( h\ses4--,web/] cor4 ,e man ( ta/e1 & ( an elevat$ m9d1 ought to feel almo/ ! necessity ( apologiz+ = ! p[] he possesses4--,translator ( ,de ,/al cor4 ,!y v seldom tr\ble !mselves ) inquiries1 or make any useful obs]vations ( _! own4--,locke cor4 ,we've bo? ! field & hon\r won2 ,our foes are pr(ligate1 & run4--,s4 ,butl] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,import ,,( ,,conjunctions4 ,,! is sometimes us$ be=e adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative degree4--,l5nie1 ,bullions1 & ,brace cor4 ,! def9ite article ,,! is frequ5tly appli$ to adv]bs 9 ! comp>ative or ! sup]lative degree4--,l[?4 ,murray1 et al1 cor4 ,conjunctions usually connect v]bs 9 ! same mood & t5se4 ,or1 m truly3 ,v]bs connect$ by a conjunction1 are usually 9 ! same mood & t5se4--,sanborn cor4 ,conjunctions connect v]bs 9 ! same /yle1 & usually 9 ! same mood1 t5se1 & =m4 ,or bett]3 ,v]bs connect$ by a conjunction1 are usually ( ! same mood1 t5se1 & =m1 z well z /yle4--,id4 ,! ru9s ( ,greece or ,rome are b ! monum5ts ( h] =m] greatness4--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,x is n improbably1 t 9 _m ( ^! cases ! articles 7 us$ orig9ally4--,prie/ley cor4 ,i _c d\bt t ^! objects are really :at !y appe> to be4--,kames cor4 ,i "q n t my read] w be z mu* pleas$ ) x4--,spect4 cor4 ,x is t5 to "o t my fri5d ,pet] is among !m4--,id4 ,i d\bt n t su* objections z ^! w be made--,locke cor4 ,i d\bt n t x w appe> 9 ! p]usal ( ! foll[+ %eets4--,bu*anan cor4 ,x is n improbable1 t 9 "t ^! diff]5t con/ructions maybe appropriat$ to diff]5t uses4--,prie/ley cor4 ,b to =get & to rememb] at pleasure1 are equally beyond ! p[] ( man4--,idl] cor4 ,! nom9ative case foll[s ! v]b1 9 int]rogative or imp]ative s5t5ces4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,c ! fig-tree1 my bre?r51 be> olive b]ries8 or a v9e1 figs8--,bible cor4 ,^: *>act]s are too pr(ligate = ! manag+ ( !m to be ( any consequ5ce4--,swift cor4 ,y1 t are a /ep high] ?an a philosoph]1 a div9e1 yet h too mu* grace & wit to be a bi%op4--,pope cor4 ,! t]ms ri* & poor ent] n into _! language4--,rob]tson cor4 ,?is pause is b seldom1 if ev]1 suffici5tly dwelt ^u4 ,or3 ,?is pause is seldom or nev] suffici5tly dwelt ^u4--,g>d9] cor4 ,!re w\ld be no possibility ( any su* ?+ z human life or human happ9ess4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,! multitude rebuk$ !m1 t !y %\ld hold _! peace4--,bible cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,! ,,conjunction ,,?an4 ,a metaphor is no?+ else ?an a %ort comp>ison4 ,or3 ,a metaphor is no?+ b a %ort comp>ison4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,!re be+ no o!r dictator "h ?an use4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #cfd4 ,?is con/ruction is no o!rwise kn[n 9 ,engli%1 ?an by supply+ ! fir/ or ! second p]son plural4--,bu*anan cor4 ,cyax>es 0 no soon] on ! ?rone1 ?an he 0 engag$ 9 a t]rible w>4--,roll9 cor4 ,^? classics conta9 little else ?an hi/ories ( murd]s4--,am4 ,mu4 cor4 ,ye %all n wor%ip any o!r ?an ,god4--,sale cor4 ,_! relation1 !re=e1 is n o!rwise to be asc]ta9$1 ?an by _! place4--,campbell cor4 ,= he no soon] acco/$ h]1 ?an he ga9$ 8 po9t4--,burd] cor4 ,& all ! mod]n writ]s on ?is subject1 h done little else ?an translate !m4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,"o :o _h no o!r aim ?an to talk copi\sly & plausibly4--,id4 ,we c ref] x to no o!r cause ?an ! /ructure ( ! eye4--,id4 ,no m is requir$ ?an s+ly an act ( vision4--,kames cor4 ,we f9d no m 9 its composition1 ?an ! p>ticul>s n[ m5tion$4--,id4 ,he does n pret5d to say1 t x has any o!r effect ?an to raise surprise4--,id4 ,no soon] 0 ! pr9cess dead1 ?an he fre$ himself4--,dr4 ,s4 ,johnson cor4 ,,ought is an imp]fect v]b1 = x has no modification besides ?is "o4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! v]b is palpably no?+ else ?an ! tie4--,neef cor4 ,does he mean t !ism is capable ( no?+ else ?an ( be+ oppos$ to poly!ism or a!ism8--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,is x meant t !ism is capable ( no?+ else ?an ( be+ oppos$ to poly!ism or a!ism8--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!re is no o!r me?od ( tea*+ t ( :i* any "o is ignorant1 ?an by means ( some?+ already kn[n4--,+]soll's ,gramm>1 ,titlepage3 ,dr4 ,johnson cor4 ,o faire/ fl[]1 no soon] bl[n ?an bla/$6--,milton cor4 ,ar*itecture & g>d5+ _c o!rwise ent]ta9 ! m9d1 ?an by rais+ c]ta9 agreeable emotions or feel+s4--,kames cor4 ,or1 r1 !y are no?+ else ?an n\ns4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,z if religion 7 int5d$ ,= no?+ else ?an to be m5d$4--,s4 ,butl] cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,relatives ,,exclude ,,conjunctions4 ,to prep>e ! ,jews = ! reception ( a prophet mighti] ?an himself1 a tea*] ^: %oes he 0 n wor?y to be>4--,anon1 or ,mur4 cor4 ,has ?is ^w1 :i* repres5ts an action1 an object aft] x1 on :i* ! action t]m9ates8--,osborne cor4 ,! /ores ( lit]ature lie be=e him1 f :i* he may collect = use _m lessons ( wisdom4-- ,knapp cor4 ,_m & v>i\s great advantages ( ?is gramm> ov] o!rs1 might be enum]at$4--,gre5leaf cor4 ,! cu/om :i* /ill prevails1 ( writ+ 9 l9es f left to "r1 is said to h be5 introduc$ ab\t ! "t ( ,solon1 ! ,a!nian legislator4--,jamieson cor4 ,! fundam5tal rule = ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 ! rule into :i* all o!rs might be resolv$1 und\bt$ly is1 to communicate1 9 ! cle>e/ & mo/ natural ord]1 ! ideas :i* we mean to express4--,blair & ,jamieson cor4 ,he left a son ( a s+ul> "*1 :o behav$ s ill t he 0 put 9 prison4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,he discov]$ 9 ! y\? "s disagreeable qualities :i* to him 7 :olly unacc\ntable4--,id4 ,an emphatical pause is made aft] some?+ ( peculi> mom5t has be5 said1 on :i* we wi% to fix ! he>]'s att5tion4 ,or3 ,an emphatical pause is made aft] some?+ has be5 said :i* is ( peculi> mom5t1 & on :i* we wi% to fix ! he>]'s att5tion4--,blair & ,murray cor4 ,b we h duplicates ( ea*1 agree+ 9 movem5t1 ?\gh diff]+ 9 measure1 & mak+ diff]5t impressions on ! e>1--,murray cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,t4 ,x w greatly facilitate ! lab\rs ( ! tea*]1 &1 at ! same "t1 x w relieve ! pupil f _m difficulties4--,fro/ cor4 ,:ile ! pupil is engag$ 9 ! ex]cises j m5tion$1 x w be prop] = him to /udy ! :ole gramm> 9 c\rse4--,bullions cor4 ,on ! same gr\nd on :i* a p>ticiple & an auxili>y are all[$ to =m a t5se4--,beattie & ,murray cor4 ,on ! same gr\nd on :i* ! voices1 moods1 & t5ses1 are admitt$ into ! ,engli% tongue4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! five examples la/ m5tion$1 are correct$ on ! same pr9ciple t is appli$ to ! errors prec$+ !m4--,murray & ,+]soll cor4 ,! braz5 age began at ! dea? ( ,trajan1 & la/$ till ,rome 0 tak5 by ! ,go?s4--,g\ld cor4 ,! introduction to ! duodecimo edition is reta9$ 9 ?is volume1 = ! same reason = :i* ! orig9al introduction to ! ,gramm> is reta9$ 9 ! fir/ volume4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! v]b mu/ also agree 9 p]son ) its subject or nom9ative4--,+]soll cor4 ,! p]sonal pron\n ',,_!' is plural = ! same reason = :i* ',,:o' is plural4--,id4 ,! ,sabellians c\ld n ju/ly be call$ ,patripassians1 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* ! ,notians 7 s call$4--,r4 ,adam cor4 ,?is is "o reason :y we pass ov] su* smoo? language )\t suspect+ t x conta9s little or no mean+4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! fir/ place at :i* ! two armies came )9 sight ( ea* o!r1 0 on ! opposite banks ( ! riv] ,apsus4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,at ! v "t at :i* ! au?or gave him ! fir/ book = 8 p]usal4--,campbell cor4 ,pet] w sup at ! "t at :i* ,paul w d9e4--,fosdick cor4 ,pet] w be supp+ :5 ,paul w ent]4--,id4 ,^!1 :ile !y may s]ve z models to ^? :o may wi% to imitate !m1 w give me an opportunity to ca/ m light ^u ! pr9ciples ( ?is book4--,id4 ,"t 01 l !e1 !y life possess'd1 ,& "t %all be1 :5 ?\ %alt re/4--,p>nell cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,vii4--,,( ,,! ,,correspond5ts4 ,our mann]s %\ld be nei!r gross nor excessively ref9$4--,murray's ,key1 ii1 #afe4 ,a neut] v]b expresses nei!r action nor passion1 b be+1 or a /ate ( be+4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,! old books are nei!r ,engli% gramm>s1 nor 9 any s5se gramm>s ( ! ,engli% language4--,id4 ,! au?or is appreh5sive t 8 "w is n yet s accurate & s mu* simplifi$ z x may be4--,kirkham cor4 ,! writ] c\ld n treat "s topics s ext5sively z x 0 desirable to treat !m4--,id4 ,:i* w\ld be a matt] ( su* nicety1 t no degree ( human wisdom c\ld regulate x4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,no und]tak+ is s great or difficult1 t he _c direct x4--,duncan cor4 ,x is a good :i* dep5ds nei!r on ! w ( o!rs1 nor on ! afflu5ce ( ext]nal =tune4--,h>ris cor4 ,n only 8 e/ate1 b 8 reputation too1 has suff]$ by 8 misconduct4--,murray & ,+]soll cor4 ,nei!r d !y ext5d s f> z might be imag9$ at fir/ view4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,!re is no language s poor1 b t x has 7or1 z n to h7 two or ?ree pa/ t5ses4--,id4 ,s f> z ?is sy/em is f\nd$ 9 tru?1 language appe>s to be n altoge!r arbitr>y 9 its orig94--,id4 ,i h n su* comm& ( ^! convulsions z is necess>y4 ,or3 ,i h n t comm& ( ^! convulsions :i* is necess>y4--,spect4 cor4 ,conv]sation ) su* z 7or1 ^? :o7 "k no arts t poli% life4--,id4 ,& :i* _c be ei!r v lively or v =cible4--,jamieson cor4 ,to su* a degree z to give prop] names to riv]s4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,9 ! utt] ov]?r[ ( su* z hate to be re=m$4--,b>clay cor4 ,b /ill s mu* ( x is reta9$1 t x greatly injures ! uni=mity ( ! :ole4--,prie/ley cor4 ,"s ( !m h gone to su* a height ( extravagance1 z to ass]t1 c4--,id4 ,a tea*] is conf9$1 n m ?an a m]*ant1 & probably n s mu*4--,abbott cor4 ,x %all n be =giv5 him1 nei!r 9 ?is _w1 nor 9 ! _w to come4 ,or3 ,x %all n be =giv5 him1 ei!r 9 ?is _w1 or 9 ! _w to come4--,bible cor4 ,:i* nobody presumes1 or is s sangu9e z to hope4--,swift cor4 ,= ! torr5t ( ! voice left nei!r "t1 nor p[] 9 ! organs1 to %ape ! words prop]ly4--,%]idan cor4 ,t he may nei!r unnecess>ily wa/e 8 voice by ?r[+ out too mu*1 nor dim9i% 8 p[] by us+ too little4--,id4 ,i h reta9$ only su* z appe> mo/ agreeable to ! measures ( analogy4--,littleton cor4 ,he is a man bo? prud5t & indu/ri\s4--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,conjunctions connect ei!r words or s5t5ces4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #afi4 ,su* silly girls z love to *at & play1 ,des]ve no c>e2 _! "t is ?r[n away4--,tobitt cor4 ,vice is a mon/] ( s frightful mi51 ,t to be hat$ %e b ne$s be se54--,pope cor4 ,ju/ice mu/ puni% ! rebelli\s de$2 ,yet puni% s t pity %all exce$4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,viii4--,,improp] ,,ellipses4 ,,t1 ,,^:1 & ,,z1 relate ei!r to p]sons or to ?+s4 ,or bett]3--relate z well to p]sons z to ?+s4--,sanborn cor4 ,,:i* & ,,:at1 z adjectives1 relate ei!r to p]sons or to ?+s4 ,or bett]3--relate to p]sons z well z to ?+s4--,id4 ,:e!r ( a public or ( a private nature4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,:i* are includ$ among bo? ! public & ! private wrongs4--,id4 ,i might extract1 bo? f ! ,old & f ! ,new ,te/am5t1 numb]less examples ( induction4--,id4 ,_m v]bs are us$ bo? 9 an active & 9 a neut] signification4 ,or ?us3 ,_m v]bs are us$ 9 bo? an active & a neut] signification4--,l[?1 ,mur41 et al41 cor4 ,its influ5ce is likely to be consid]able1 bo? on ! morals & on ! ta/e ( a nation4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! subject af=d$ a v>iety ( sc5es1 bo? ( ! awful & ( ! t5d] k9d4--,id4 ,re/lessness ( m9d disqualifies u bo? = ! enjoym5t ( peace1 & = ! p]=mance ( our duty4--,mur4 & ,+4 cor4 ,pronom9al adjectives are ( a mix$ nature1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties bo? ( pron\ns & ( adjectives4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,pronom9al adjectives h ! nature bo? ( ! adjective & ( ! pron\n4--,fro/ cor4 ,or3 ,pronom9al adjectives p>take ( ! prop]ties ( bo? adjectives & pron\ns4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,pronom9al adjectives are a k9d ( comp\nd "p ( spee*1 p>tak+ ! nature bo? ( pron\ns & ( adjectives4--,nutt+ cor4 ,n\ns are us$ ei!r 9 ! s+ul> or 9 ! plural numb]4 ,or p]haps bett]3 ,n\ns are us$ 9 ei!r ! s+ul> or ! plural numb]4--,david ,blair cor4 ,! "q is n1 :e!r ! nom9ative or ! accusative ought to foll[ ! p>ticles ,,?an & ,,z2 b1 :e!r ^! p>ticles are1 9 su* p>ticul> cases1 to be reg>d$ z conjunctions or z prepositions--,campbell cor4 ,9 ,engli%1 _m v]bs are us$ bo? z transitives & z intransitives4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,he s5de? ra9 bo? on ! j & on ! unju/4--,see ,matt41 v1 #de4 ,a foot consi/s ei!r ( two or ( ?ree syllables4--,david ,blair cor4 ,because !y p>ticipate ! nature bo? ( adv]bs & ( conjunctions4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,surely1 ,romans1 :at ,i am n[ ab\t to say1 ought nei!r to be omitt$1 nor to pass )\t notice4--,duncan cor4 ,_! language frequ5tly am\nts1 n only to bad s5se1 b to nons5se4--,kirkham cor4 ,h5ce arises ! necessity ( a social /ate to man1 bo? = ! unfold+1 & = ! ex]t+1 ( 8 nobl] faculties4--,%]idan cor4 ,:e!r ! subject be ( ! real or ( ! feign$ k9d4--,dr4 ,h4 ,blair cor4 ,n only 0 lib]ty entirely ext+ui%$1 b arbitr>y p[] 0 felt 9 its heavie/ & mo/ oppressive weight4--,id4 ,?is rule is also applicable bo? to v]bal ,critics & to ,gramm>ians4--,hiley cor4 ,bo? ! rules & ! exceptions ( a language mu/ h obta9$ ! sanction ( good usage4--,id4 ,,*apt] ,x4--,,prepositions4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,notes ,,to ,,rule ,,xxiii4 ,,"u ,,note ,i4--,,*oice ,,( ,,prepositions4 ,y h be/[$ y\r fav\rs ^u ! mo/ des]v+ p]sons4--,swift correct$4 ,b1 to rise above t1 & ov]top ! cr[d1 is giv5 to few4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,?is also is a good s5t5ce 1 & gives occasion = no mat]ial rem>k4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bjc4 ,?\gh ,cic]o endeav\rs to give "s reputation to ! eld] ,cato1 & ^? :o 7 8 contempor>ies4 ,or3--to give "s fav\rable acc\nt ( ! eld] ,cato1 c4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! *ange t 0 produc$ 9 eloqu5ce1 is beautifully describ$ 9 ! dialogue4--,id4 ,)\t c>efully att5d+ to ! v>iation :i* !y make 9 ! idea4--,id4 ,all on a sudd51 y are transport$ into a l(ty palace4--,hazlitt cor4 ,alike indep5d5t ( "o an o!r4 ,or3 ,alike indep5d5t "o ( an o!r4--,campbell cor4 ,y w n ?9k ( !m z di/9ct processes go+ on indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r4--,*ann+ cor4 ,?\gh we say to dep5d on1 dep5d5t on1 & dep5d5ce on1 we say1 indep5d5t (1 & indep5d5tly (4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #hj2 ,bu*anan's1 #hc2 ,bullions's1 #aaj2 ,*ur*ill's1 #cdh4ede ,because !y /& indep5d5t ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,all5 ,fisk cor4 ,:5 a sub/antive is jo9$ ) a p>ticiple1 9 ,engli%1 indep5d5tly ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,dr4 ,adam cor4 ,,conjunction comes f ! two ,lat9 words con1 toge!r1 & jungo1 to jo94--,m]*ant cor4 ,h[ diff]5t f ?is is ! life ( ,fulvia6--,addison cor4 ,,lov$ is a p>ticiple or adjective1 d]iv$ f ! ^w love4--,a% cor4 ,b ,i w\ld inquire ( him1 :at an (fice is4--,b>clay cor4 ,= ! capacity is br\ght into action4--,id4 ,9 ?is p]iod1 language & ta/e arrive at purity4--,web/] cor4 ,&1 %\ld y n aspire to 7or aft]7 di/9ction 9 ! republic ( lett]s4--,kirkham cor4 ,deliv]+ y up to ! synagogues1 & into prisons4--,luke1 xxi1 #ab4 ,he t is kept f fall+ into a dit*1 is z truly sav$1 z he t is tak5 out ( "o4--,b>clay cor4 ,! be/ ( x is1 !y are b a sort ( ,fr5* ,hugonots4--,addison cor4 ,^! la/ t5 examples are inde$ ( a diff]5t nature f ! =m]4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,= ! initiation ( /ud5ts into ! pr9ciples ( ! ,engli% language4--,ann4 ,rev4 cor4 ,ri*elieu pr(it$ by e circum/ance :i* ! conjuncture af=d$4--,bol+broke cor4 ,9 ! names ( drugs & plants1 ! mi/ake ( a ^w may endang] life4--,m]*ant's ,key1 p4 #ahe4 ,or bett]3 ,9 nam+ drugs or plants1 to mi/ake a ^w1 may endang] life4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,9 ord] to ! c>ry+ ( its sev]al p>ts into execution4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,8 abhorr5ce ( ! sup]/iti\s figure4--,prie/ley4 ,?y prejudice aga9/ my cause4--,id4 ,:i* is f\nd 9 e species ( lib]ty4--,hume cor4 ,9 a hilly region on ! nor? ( ,j]i*o4--,milman cor4 ,two or m s+ul> n\ns c\pl$ by ,,& require a v]b or pron\n 9 ! plural4--,l5nie cor4 ,books %\ld to "o ( ^! f\r ends conduce1 ,to wisdom1 piety1 delight1 or use4--,d5ham cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,ii4--,,two ,,objects ,,or ,,m4 ,! ,anglo-,saxons1 h[ev]1 soon qu>rell$ among !mselves = prec$5ce4--,con/4 ,misc4 cor4 ,! di/9ctions among ! pr9cipal p>ts ( spee* are f\nd$ 9 nature4--,web/] cor4 ,i ?9k ,i n[ und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! active v]bs & ^? :i* are passive or neut]4--,+]soll cor4 ,?us a figure includ+ a space )9 ?ree l9es1 is ! real z well z nom9al ess5ce ( a triangle4--,locke cor4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 an imp]fect phrase & a simple s5t5ce1 & betwe5 a simple s5t5ce & a comp\nd s5t5ce4--,l[?1 ,murray1 et al41 cor4 ,! ,jews are /rictly =bidd5 by _! law to ex]cise usury t[>ds "o an o!r4--,sale cor4 ,all ! writ]s h di/+ui%$ !mselves among !mselves4--,addison cor4 ,?is expression also bett] secures ! sy/ematic uni=mity ( ! ?ree cases4--,nutt+ cor4 ,:5 two or m inf9itives or clauses are connect$ disjunctively z ! subjects ( an affirmation1 ! v]b mu/ be s+ul>4--,jaudon cor4 ,sev]al n\ns or pron\ns toge!r 9 ! same case1 require a comma aft] ea*2 except ! la/1 :i* mu/ sometimes be foll[$ by a great] po9t4--,david ,blair cor4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 "o v[el & an o!r is produc$ by op5+ ! m\? diff]5tly1 & plac+ ! tongue 9 a diff]5t mann] = ea*4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,?us feet compos$ ( syllables1 be+ pron\nc$ ) a s5sible int]val betwe5 "o foot & an o!r1 make a m lively impression ?an c be made by a cont9u$ s\nd4--,kames cor4 ,! sup]lative degree implies a comp>ison1 sometimes betwe5 two1 b g5]ally among ?ree or m4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,!y are us$ to m>k a di/9ction among sev]al objects4--,lvizac cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iii4--,,omission ,,( ,,prepositions4 ,?is w\ld h be5 less wor?y ( notice4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,b ,i pass$ x1 z a ?+ unwor?y ( my notice4--,w]t] cor4 ,:i*1 9 complim5t to me1 p]haps y may "o day ?9k wor?y ( y\r att5tion4--,bucke cor4 ,to ?9k ?is small pres5t wor?y ( an introduction to ! "y ladies ( y\r v elegant e/abli%m5t4-- ,id4 ,!re are b a few miles ( portage4--,jeff]son cor4 ,x is wor?y ( notice1 t our m\nta9s are n solit>y4--,id4 ,x is ab\t "o hundr$ feet 9 diamet]4 #edf--;,id4 ,ent]+ a hill a qu>t] or half ( a mile4--,id4 ,& h]self seems pass+ to an awful dissolution1 ^: issue x is n giv5 to human =esight to scan4--,id4 ,x 0 ( a sph]oidical =m1 ab\t =ty feet 9 diamet] at ! base1 & _h be5 ab\t twelve feet 9 altitude4--,id4 ,be=e ?is1 x 0 cov]$ ) trees ( twelve in*es 9 diamet]2 &1 r\nd ! base1 !re 0 an excavation ( five feet 9 dep? & five 9 wid?4--,id4 ,!n ?\ may/ eat grapes to ?y fill1 at ?9e own pleasure4--,bible cor4 ,!n he br\ght me back by ! way ( ! gate ( ! outw>d sanctu>y4--,id4 ,!y w bless ,god1 t he has peopl$ "o half ( ! _w ) a race ( freem54--,web/] cor4 ,( :at use c ^! words be1 till _! mean+ is kn[n8--,t[n cor4 ,! t5ts ( ! ,arabs n[ are black1 or ( a v d>k col\r4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,!y may n be unwor?y ( ! att5tion ( "y m54--,kirkham cor4 ,! pron\n ,,t is frequ5tly appli$ to p]sons z well z to ?+s4--,m]*ant cor4 ,& ':o' is 9 ! same case t 'man' is 94--,sanborn cor4 ,he saw a flam+ /one1 app>5tly ab\t f\r feet 9 diamet]4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,pl9y in=ms u1 t ?is /one 0 ( ! size ( a c>t4--,id4 ,s5eca 0 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ( age 9 ! fif? ye> ( ,tib]ius1 :5 ! ,jews 7 expell$ f ,rome4--,l',e/range cor4 ,i 0 prev5t$ f read+ a lett] :i* w\ld h undeceiv$ me4--,hawkeswor? cor4 ,if ! problem c be solv$1 we may be p>don$ = ! inaccuracy ( its demon/ration4--,boo? cor4 ,! army mu/ ( necessity be ! s*ool1 n ( hon\r1 b ( effem9acy4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,afraid ( ! virtue ( a nation 9 its oppos+ ( bad measures3 or1--9 its opposition to bad measures4--,id4 ,! unit+ ( !m 9 v>i\s ways1 s z to =m words1 w\ld be easy4--,g>d9] cor4 ,i might be excus$ f tak+ any m notice ( x4--,watson cor4 ,wat* !re=e2 = ye "k n at :at h\r y\r ,"l w come4--,bible cor4 ,"h1 n ev5 infants 7 sp>$ f ! sword4--,m',ilva9e cor4 ,to prev5t m5 f turn+ aside to false modes ( wor%ip4--,john ,all5 cor4 ,god expell$ !m f ! g>d5 ( ,ed54--,burd] cor4 ,nor c\ld he refra9 f express+ to ! s5ate ! agonies ( 8 m9d4--,hume cor4 ,:o n[ s /r5u\sly opposes ! grant+ to him ( any new p[]s4--,duncan cor4 ,t ! laws ( ! c5sors h bani%$ him f ! =um4--,id4 ,we read n t he 0 degrad$ f 8 (fice 9 any o!r way4--,b>clay cor4 ,to all to :om ^! pres5ts %all come1 greet+4--,hut*9son cor4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,augu/1 #ahcd4--;,brit4 ,p>l4 cor4 ,:e!r y _h n "s "t 9 y\r life ,err'd 9 ?is po9t on :i* y c5sure him4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,"u ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,ne$less ,,prepositions4 ,& ! apo/les & eld]s came toge!r to consid] ?is matt]4--,b>clay cor42 also ,acts4 ,adjectives1 9 our language1 h nei!r case1 nor g5d]1 nor numb]2 ! only v>iation !y h1 is comp>ison4--,bu*anan cor4 ',x is to y t ,i am indebt$ = ?is privilege2' t is1 ',to y am ,i indebt$2' or1 ',x is y to :om ,i am indebt$4'--,sanborn cor4 ,,books is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]1 & neut] g5d]4--,+]soll cor4 ,,bro!r',s is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & possessive case4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,,virtue',s is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & possessive case4--,id4 ,:5 ! au?orities on "o side greatly prepond]ate1 x is va9 to oppose ! prevail+ usage4--,campbell & ,murray cor4 ,a capta9 ( a troop ( b&itti1 _h a m9d to be plund]+ ,rome4--,colli] cor4 ,&1 not)/&+ its v]bal p[]1 we h add$ ! ,,to & o!r signs ( ex]tion4--,boo? cor4 ,"s ( ^! situations are t]m$ ,,cases1 & are express$ by additions to ! n\n1 9 /ead ( sep>ate words3 or1--& n by sep>ate words4--,id4 ,is x su* a fa/ t ,i h *os51 t a man %\ld afflict 8 s\l = a day1 & b[ d[n 8 head l a bulru%8--,bacon cor4 ,comp>e ,isa41 lviii1 #e4 ,& ?is fir/ emotion comes at la/ to be awak5$ by ! accid5tal 9 /ead ( ! necess>y antec$5t4--,wayl& cor4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ! subjugation ( ! ,moors 0 complet$4--,balbi cor4 ,god divid$ betwe5 ! light & ! d>kness4--,burd] cor4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 we are n aga9/ outw>d significations ( hon\r4--,b>clay cor4 ,:e!r ^! words & practices ( ,job's fri5ds1 ought to be our rule4--,id4 ,su* v]b _c admit an objective case aft] x4--,l[? cor4 ,= :i*1 ,god is n[ visibly puni%+ ^! nations4--,c4 ,leslie cor4 ,9 ?is respect1 ,tasso yields to no poet1 except ,hom]4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,not)/&+ ! num]\s panegyrics on ! anci5t ,engli% lib]ty4--,hume cor4 ,_! ef=ts seem$ to anticipate ! _s :i* became s g5]al aft]w>ds4--,id4 ,,"u ,,note ,v4--,,! ,,plac+ ,,( ,,! ,,words4 ,b h[ %ort ( its excell5cy are my expressions6--,baxt] cor4 ,9 8 /yle1 !re is a rem>kable union ( h>mony ) ease4--,dr4 ,h4 ,blair cor4 ,x disposes ( ! light & %ade 9 ! mo/ artificial mann]1 t e ?+ may be view$ to ! be/ advantage4--,id4 ,= brevity1 ,ari/otle too holds an em95t rank among didactic writ]s4--,id4 ,9 an introduction1 correctness ( expression %\ld be c>efully /udi$4--,id4 ,9 lay+ d[n a me?od1 "o ought above all ?+s to /udy precision4--,id4 ,:i* %all make on ! m9d ! impression ( some?+ t is "o1 :ole1 & entire4--,id4 ,at ! same "t1 !re are 9 ! ,odyssey "s defects :i* mu/ be ackn[l$g$4 ,or3 ,at ! same "t1 x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t !re are "s defects 9 ! ,odyssey4--,id4 ,9 ! conclud+ books1 h[ev]1 !re are beauties ( ! tragic k9d4--,id4 ,^! =ms ( conv]sation multipli$ by degrees1 & grew tr\blesome4--,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 ii1 #dd4 ,:5 %e has made h] own *oice1 %e s5ds1 = =m's sake1 a cong-d'lire to h] fri5ds4--,ib41 ii1 #df4 ,let u endeav\r to e/abli% to ourselves an int]e/ 9 him :o holds 9 8 h& ! re9s ( ! :ole creation4--,spectator cor42 also ,kames4 ,next to ?is1 ! measure mo/ frequ5t 9 ,engli% poetry1 is t ( eight syllables4--,david ,blair cor4 ,to introduce z great a v>iety ( cad5ces z possible4-- ,jamieson cor4 ,he address$ to !m sev]al exhortations1 suitable to _! circum/ances4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,habits ( temp]ance & self-d5ial mu/ be acquir$4--,id4 ,9 r$uc+ to practice ! rules prescrib$4--,id4 ,b ^! p>ts mu/ be s closely b\nd toge!r1 z to make ^u ! m9d ! impression ( "o object1 n ( _m4--,blair & ,mur4 cor4 ,errors ) respect to ! use ( %all & w1 are sometimes committ$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ writ]s4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,promiscu\s ,,ex]cises4 ,,corrections ,,( ,,! ,,promiscu\s ,,examples4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,any ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,su* a "o1 ,i believe1 y\rs w be prov$ to be4--,peet & ,f>num cor4 ,( ! di/9ction betwe5 ! imp]fect & ! p]fect t5se1 x may be obs]v$1 c4--,l4 ,a9swor? cor4 ,! subject is c]ta9ly wor?y ( consid]ation4--,id4 ,by ?is means1 all ambiguity & controv]sy on ?is po9t are avoid$4--,bullions cor4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple1 9 ,engli%1 has bo? an active & a passive signification4 ,bett]3 ,! p]fect p>ticiple1 9 ,engli%1 has sometimes an active1 & sometimes a passive1 signification4--,id4 ,! old h\se has at l5g? fall5 d[n4--,id4 ,! k+1 ! lords1 & ! commons1 con/itute ! ,engli% =m ( gov]nm5t4--,id4 ,! v]b 9 ! s+ul> agrees ) ! p]son next to x4 ,bett]3 ,! s+ul> v]b agrees 9 p]son ) t nom9ative :i* is next to x4--,id4 ,jane f\nd ,se?'s gloves 9 ,james's hat4--,o4 ,c4 ,felton cor4 ,*>les's task is too great4--,id4 ,! conjugation ( a v]b is ! nam+ ( its sev]al moods1 t5ses1 numb]s1 & p]sons1 9 regul> ord]4--,id4 ,! long-rememb]$ begg> 0 8 gue/4--,id4 ,p>ticiples ref] to n\ns or pron\ns4--,id4 ,f has a uni=m s\nd1 9 e position1 except 9 ,,(4 ,bett]3 ,f has "o unv>i$ s\nd1 9 e position1 except 9 ,,(4--,e4 ,j4 ,hallock cor4 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s2 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 & ! neut]4--,id4 ,:5 ,,s & ,,t occur toge!r1 sometimes ! p>ticle ,,s is tak5 z an adv]b4--,id4 ,! def9ition ( ! articles %[s t !y modify ! import ( ! words to :i* !y belong4--,id4 ,! auxili>y1 ,,%all1 ,,w1 or ,,%\ld1 is impli$4--,id4 ,s+le-rhym$ tro*aic omits ! f9al %ort syllable4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bcg4 ,agreeably to ?is1 we read ( names be+ blott$ out ( ,god's book4--,burd]1 ,hallock1 & ,web/]1 cor4 ,! fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak]4--,in/41 p4 #cb4 ,acc5t is ! lay+ ( a peculi> /ress ( ! voice1 on a c]ta9 lett] or syllable 9 a ^w4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bce2 ,felton's1 #acd4 ,?omas's horse 0 caught4--,felton cor4 ,y 7 lov$4--,id4 ,! nom9ative & ! objective end alike4--,t4 ,smi? cor4 ,! numb]s ( pron\ns1 l ^? ( sub/antives1 are two2 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,id4 ,i is call$ ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son1 because x repres5ts ! p]son speak+4--,fro/ cor4 ,! ess5tial elem5ts ( ! phrase are an intransitive g]undive & an adjective4--,haz5 cor4 ,weal? is no ju/ification = su* impud5ce4--,id4 ,t he 0 a soldi] 9 ! revolution1 is n d\bt$4--,id4 ,fi%+ is ! *ief employm5t ( ! inhabitants4--,id4 ,! *ief employm5t ( ! inhabitants1 is ! cat*+ ( fi%4--,id4 ,! cold wea!r did n prev5t ! "w f be+ f9i%$ at ! "t specifi$4--,id4 ,! man's =m] vici\sness caus$ him to be suspect$ ( ?is crime4--,id4 ,b p]son & numb]1 appli$ to v]bs1 mean c]ta9 t]m9ations4--,b>rett cor4 ,rob]t fell$ a tree4--,id4 ,*>les rais$ himself up4--,id4 ,x might n be a useless wa/e ( "t4--,id4 ,nei!r w y h t implicit fai? 9 ! writ+s & works ( o!rs1 :i* *>act]izes ! vulg>4--,id4 ,i is ( ! fir/ p]son1 because x d5otes ! speak]4--,ib4 ,i w\ld ref] ! /ud5t to ,h$ge's or ,watts's ,logic4--,id4 ,h$ge's ,watts's1 ,kirw9's1 & ,coll>d's ,logic4--,p>k] & ,fox cor4 ,lett]s t make a full & p]fect s\nd ( !mselves1 are call$ v[els4 ,or3 ,! lett]s :i* make1 c4--,cutl] cor4 ,x has bo? a s+ul> & a plural con/ruction4--,id4 ,= he beholds 7or beholde?7 ?y beams no m4--,id4 ,c>?on4 ,to ?is s5tim5t ! ,committee h ! c&\r to incl9e1 z x w appe> by _! summ+-up4--,macph]son cor4 ,?is r$uces ! po9t at issue to a n>r[ compass4--,id4 ,s9ce ! ,engli% set foot ^u ! soil4--,exiles cor4 ,! arrangem5t ( its diff]5t p>ts is easily reta9$ by ! memory4--,hiley cor4 ,! words employ$ are ! mo/ appropriate t c\ld h be5 select$4--,id4 ,to prev5t x f laun*+6--,id4 ,web/] has be5 foll[$ 9 pref]5ce to o!rs1 :]e he diff]s f !m4 ,or3 ,web/]'s ,gramm> has be5 foll[$ 9 pref]5ce to o!rs1 :]e x diff]s f !m4--,frazee cor4 ,exclamation & int]rogation are (t5 mi/ak5 ! "o = ! o!r4--,bu*anan cor4 ,:5 all nature is hu%$ 9 sleep1 & nei!r love nor guilt keeps its vigils4--,felton cor4 ,or ?us3-- ,:5 all nature's hu%'d asleep4 ,nor love1 nor guilt1 do? vigils keep4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,any ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,a ,v]sifi] & a ,poet are two diff]5t ?+s4--,brightl& cor4 ,^? qualities w arise f ! well-express+ ( ! subject4--,id4 ,!re=e ! explanation ( ,,network is n notic$ "h4--,mason cor4 ,:5 emphasis or pa?os is necess>y to be express$4--,humphrey cor4 ,:e!r ?is mode ( punctuation is correct1 or :e!r x is prop] to close ! s5t5ce ) ! m>k ( admiration1 may be made a "q4--,id4 ,b n e writ] 9 ^? days 0 ?us correct4--,id4 ,! s\nds ( ,a1 9 ,engli% or?oepy1 are no few] ?an f\r4--,id4 ,our pres5t code ( rules is ?\ght to be g5]ally correct4 ,or3 ,! rules 9 our pres5t code are ?\ght to be g5]ally correct4--,id4 ,to prev5t x f runn+ into an o!r--,id4 ,%akspe>e1 p]haps1 ! greate/ poetical g5ius t ,engl& has produc$4--,id4 ,?is ,i w illu/rate by example2 b1 be=e do+ s1 a few prelim9>y rem>ks may be necess>y4--,id4 ,all su* are entitl$ to two acc5ts ea*1 & "s ( !m to two acc5ts ne>ly equal4--,id4 ,b "s cases ( ! k9d are s pla91 t no "o ne$s to ex]cise 7or1 ne$ ex]cise7 8 judgem5t !re94--,id4 ,i h =borne to use ! ^w4--,id4 ,! propositions1 ',he may /udy1' ',he might /udy1' ',he c\ld /udy1' affirm an ability or p[] to /udy4--,e4 ,j4 ,hallock cor4 ,! divisions ( ! t5ses h occasion$ gramm>ians mu* tr\ble & p]plexity4--,id4 ,by adopt+ a famili>1 inductive me?od ( pres5t+ ?is subject1 "o may r5d] x highly attractive to "y le>n]s4--,wells cor4 ,! def9itions & rules ( diff]5t gramm>ians 7 c>efully comp>$ ) "o an o!r3 or--"o ) an o!r4--,id4 ,s z n :olly to prev5t "s s\nd f issu+4--,%]idan cor4 ,lett]s ( ! ,alphabet1 n yet notic$4--,id4 ',,x is sad1' ',,x is /range1' c41 seem to express only t ! ?+ is sad1 /range1 c4--,well-,wi%]s cor4 ,! w9n+ is easi] ?an ! pres]v+ ( a conque/4--,same4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates f9d !mselves ! own]s ( a va/ region ( c\ntry at ! we/4--,h4 ,mann cor4 ,"o or m lett]s plac$ be=e a ^w are a prefix4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k cor4 ,"o or m lett]s add$ to a ^w1 are a ,suffix4--,id4 ,two ?irds ( my hair h fall5 (f4 ,or3 ,my hair has1 two ?irds ( x1 fall5 (f4--,id4 ',suspect+' describes u1 ! speak]s1 by express+1 incid5tally1 an act ( ours4--,id4 ,daniel's pr$ictions are n[ ab\t be+ fulfill$4 ,or ?us3 ,daniel's pr$ictions are n[ receiv+ _! fulfillm5t--,id4 ,8 s*ol>%ip entitles him to respect4--,id4 ,i d\bt$ :e!r he _h be5 a soldi]4--,id4 ,! tak+ ( a madman's sword to prev5t him f do+ mis*ief1 _c be reg>d$ z a robb]y4--,id4 ,i ?\ght x to be him2 b x 0 n he4--,id4 ,x 0 n ,i t y saw4--,id4 ,n to "k :at happ5$ be=e y 7 born1 is always to be a boy4--,id4 ,h[ long 7 y go+8 ,?ree days4--,id4 ,! qualify+ adjective is plac$ next to ! n\n4--,id4 ,all w5t b ,i4--,id4 ,?is is a p>s+ ( _! own language1 & n ( ! au?or's4--,wells cor4 ,^? n\ns :i* d5ote males1 are ( ! mascul9e g5d]4 ,or3 ,n\ns t d5ote males1 are ( ! mascul9e g5d]4--,wells1 late ,ed4 ,^? n\ns :i* d5ote females1 are ( ! fem99e g5d]4 ,or3 ,n\ns t d5ote females1 are ( ! fem99e g5d]4--,wells1 late ,ed4 ,:5 a comp>ison among m ?an two objects ( ! same class is express$1 ! sup]lative degree is employ$4--,wells cor4 ,:]e d or t goes be=e1 ! additional lett] d or t1 9 ?is contract$ =m1 coalesces into "o lett] ) ! radical d or t4--,dr4 ,johnson cor4 ,write words :i* w %[ :at k9d ( h\se y live 9--:at k9d ( book y hold 9 y\r h&--:at k9d ( day x is4--,weld cor4 ,"o ^w or m are (t5 jo9$ to n\ns or pron\ns to modify _! mean+4--,id4 ,good is an adjective2 x expla9s ! quality or "* ( e p]son to :om1 or ?+ to :i*1 x is appli$4 ,or3--( e p]son or ?+ t x is appli$ to4--,id4 ,a great public z well z private advantage arises f e "o's devot+ ( himself to t occupation :i* he pref]s1 & = :i* he is specially fitt$4--,wayl&1 ,wells1 & ,weld1 cor4 ,!re 0 a *ance = him to recov] 8 s5ses4 ,or3 ,!re 0 a *ance t he might recov] 8 s5ses4--,wells & ,macaulay cor4 ,?is may be kn[n by ! abs5ce ( any connect+ ^w imm$iately prec$+ x4--,weld cor4 ,!re are irregul> expressions occasionally to be met )1 :i* usage1 or cu/om1 r ?an analogy1 sanctions4--,id4 ,he add$ an anecdote ( ,qu9 reliev+ ,?omson f prison4 ,or3 ,he add$ an anecdote ( ,qu9 z reliev+ ,?omson f prison4 ,or3 ,he add$ an anecdote ( ,qu9's reliev+ ( ,?omson f prison4 ,or bett]3 ,he also told h[ ,qu9 reliev$ ,?omson f prison4--,id4 ,! daily lab\r ( h] h&s procures = h] all t is necess>y4--,id4 ,t x is ,i1 %\ld make no *ange 9 y\r det]m9ation4--,h>t cor4 ,! classification ( words into :at are call$ ! ,p>ts ( ,spee*4--,weld cor4 ,su* lic5ses may be expla9$ among :at are usually t]m$ ,figures4--,id4 ,lib]al1 n lavi%1 is k9d ,nature's h&4--,beattie4 ,!y fall successive1 & successive rise4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,any ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,a ,figure ( ,etymology is an int5tional deviation f ! usual =m ( a ^w4--,see ,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #bbi4 ,a ,figure ( ,syntax is an int5tional deviation f ! usual con/ruction ( a ^w4--,see ,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bcj4 ,synecdo*e is ! nam+ ( ! :ole ( any ?+ = a "p1 or a "p = ! :ole4--,weld cor4 ,apo/rophe is a turn+-(f#edg f ! regul> c\rse ( ! subject1 to address "s p]son or ?+4--,id4 ,ev5 "y pupils w p]=m su* ex]cises ) surpris+ int]e/ & facility1 & w unconsci\sly ga91 9 a little "t1 m k ( ! /ructure ( language1 ?an !y c acquire by a drill+ ( sev]al ye>s 9 ! usual r\t9e ( p>s+4--,id4 ,a few rules ( con/ruction are employ$ 9 ?is "p1 to guide ! pupil 9 ! ex]cise ( p>s+4--,id4 ,! "n ( any p]son1 object1 or ?+1 t c be ?\ght (1 or spok5 (1 is a n\n4--,id4 ,a dot1 resembl+ our p]iod1 is us$ betwe5 e two words1 z well z at ! close ( ea* v]se4--,w4 ,day cor4 ,! ca/+ ( types 9 matrices 0 inv5t$ by ,pet] ,s*oeff]1 9 #adeb4--;,id4 ,on p]us+ x1 he said1 t1 s f> 0 x f %[+ ! prison]'s guilt t x positively e/abli%$ 8 innoc5ce4--,id4 ,by pr9t+ ! nom9ative & v]b 9 ,italic lett]s1 we %all enable ! read] to di/+ui% !m at a glance4--,id4 ,x is well1 no d\bt1 to avoid unnecess>y words4--,id4 ,i meet+ a fri5d ! o!r day1 he said to me1 ',:]e are y go+8'--,id4 ,to ,john1 apples 7 fir/ d5i$2 !n !y 7 promis$ to him2 !n !y 7 (f]$ to him4--,l5nie cor4 ,admission 0 d5i$ him4--,wells cor4 ,a p>don 0 (f]$ to !m4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ahc4 ,a new potato 0 ?is day %[n me4--,d>w91 ,web/]1 ,frazee1 & ,weld1 cor4 ,^? n\ns or pron\ns :i* d5ote males1 are ( ! mascul9e g5d]4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 cor4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( comp>ison2 ! positive1 ! comp>ative1 & ! sup]lative4--,id4 ,! fir/ two ref] to direction2 ! ?ird ref]s to locality4--,id4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! v]bs :i* take a direct & an indirect object4--,id4 ,i 0 n aw>e t he 0 ! judge ( ! supreme c\rt4--,id4 ,an indirect "q may ref] to any ( ! five elem5ts ( a decl>ative s5t5ce4--,id4 ,i am n sure t he w be pres5t4--,id4 ,we left ,new ,york on ,tuesday4--,id4 ,he left ! city1 z he told me1 be=e ! arrival ( ! /eam]4--,id4 ,we told him t he mu/ leave u2--,id4 ,we told him to leave u4--,id4 ,because he 0 unable to p]suade ! multitude1 he left ! place1 9 disgu/4--,id4 ,he left ! company1 & took 8 bro!r ) him4--,id4 ,?is /at+1 or decl>+1 or d5y+ ( any ?+1 is call$ ! indicative mood1 or mann] ( speak+4--,weld cor4 ,?is took place at our fri5d ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's4--,id4 ,! mann] 9 :i* a "y lady may employ h]self usefully 9 read+1 w be ! subject ( an o!r pap]4--,id4 ,v little "t is necess>y = ,johnson to conclude a treaty ) ! booksell]4--,id4 ,my fa!r is n n[ sick2 b if he 71 y\r s]vices w\ld be welcome4--,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 ,ed4 ( #ahdg1 p4 #gi4 ,be=e we beg9 to write or speak1 we ought to fix 9 our m9ds a cle> conception ( ! end to be aim$ at4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,l5g? ( days is 9 h] "r h&2 &1 9 h] left h&1 are ri*es & hon\r4--,see ,prov]bs1 iii1 #af4 ,! active & ! passive pres5t express diff]5t ideas4--,bullions cor4 ,an ,improp] ,diph?ong1 7sometimes call$ a ,digraph17 is a diph?ong 9 :i* only "o ( ! v[els is s\nd$4--,f[l] cor4 7,see ,g4 ,br[n's def9ition47 ,! real orig9 ( ! words is to be s\ght 9 ! ,lat94--,f[l] cor4 ,:at sort ( alphabet ! ,go?ic languages possess1 we "k2 :at sort ( alphabet !y require1 we c det]m9e4--,id4 ,! ,runic alphabet1 :e!r borr[$ or inv5t$ by ! e>ly ,go?s1 is ( great] antiquity ?an ei!r ! olde/ ,teutonic or ! ,moeso-,go?ic alphabet4--,id4 ,common to ! mascul9e & neut] g5d]s4--,id4 ,9 ! ,anglo-,saxon1 ,,8 0 common to bo? ! mascul9e & ! ,neut] ,g5d]4--,id4 ,:5 "t1 numb]1 or dim5sion1 is specifi$1 ! adjective foll[s ! sub/antive4--,id4 ,nor pa91 nor grief nor anxi\s fe>1 ,invades ?y b\nds4--,id4 ,to ,brighton1 ! ,pavilion l5ds a la?-&-pla/] grace4--,f[l] cor4 ,f ?is consid]ation1 ,i h giv5 to n\ns b "o p]son1 ! ,,?ird4--,d4 ,c4 ,all5 cor4 ,= x seems to gu>d & *]i% ,e'en ! wayw>d dream]--me4--,anon4 cor4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,g5]al ,,review4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,all ,,! ,,prec$+ ,,rules ,,& ,,notes4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,articles4 ,& !y took /ones1 & made a heap4--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,g541 xxxi1 #df4 ,& ,i d "k _m fools1 t /& 9 bett] place4--,%ak4 cor4 ,x is a /rong antidote to ! turbul5ce ( passion1 & ! viol5ce ( pursuit4--,kames cor4 ,! ^w ,,news may admit ( ei!r a s+ul> or a plural application4--,wright cor4 ,he has ga9$ a fair & hon\rable reputation4--,id4 ,!re are two g5]al =ms1 call$ ! solemn & ! famili> /yle4 ,or3--call$ ! solemn & famili> /yles4--,sanborn cor4 ,nei!r ! article nor ! preposition c be omitt$4--,wright cor4 ,a close union is also obs]vable betwe5 ! subjunctive & ! pot5tial mood4--,id4 ,%\ld we r5d] s]vice equally to a fri5d1 a neighb\r1 & an enemy8--,id4 ,till a habit is obta9$1 ( aspirat+ /rongly4--,%]idan cor4 ,!re is a uni=m1 /eady use ( ! same signs4--,id4 ,a travell] rem>ks mo/ ( ! objects :i* he sees4--,jamieson cor4 ,:at is ! "n ( ! riv] on :i* ,london /&s8 ,?ames4--,g4 ,b4 ,we sometimes f9d ! la/ l9e ( a c\plet or a triplet /ret*$ out to twelve syllables4--,adam cor4 ,! n\ns :i* foll[ active v]bs1 are n 9 ! nom9ative case4--,david ,blair cor4 ,x is a solemn duty to speak pla9ly ( ! wrongs :i* good m5 p]petrate4--,*ann+ cor4 ,! ga!r+ ( ri*es is a pleasant torm5t4--,l4 ,cobb cor4 ,x is wor? be+ quot$4 ,or bett]3 ,x is wor? quot+4--,col]idge cor4 ,,c\ncil is a n\n :i* admits ( a s+ul> & a plural =m4--,wright cor4 ,to exhibit ! connexion betwe5 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new4--,kei? cor4 ,an apo/rophe discov]s ! omission ( a lett] or ( lett]s4--,guy cor4 ,he is imm$iately orda9$1 or r ackn[l$g$1 a h]o4--,pope cor4 ,:i* is ! same 9 bo? ! lead+ & ! foll[+ /ate4--,brightl& cor4 ,pron\ns1 z w be se5 h]eaft]1 h ?ree di/9ct cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,d4 ,blair cor4 ,a ^w ( _m syllables is call$ a polysyllable4--,beck cor4 ,n\ns h two numb]s2 ! s+ul> & ! plural4--,id4 ,!y h ?ree g5d]s2 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 & ! neut]4--,id4 ,!y h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,id4 ,p]sonal pron\ns h1 l n\ns1 two numb]s2 ! s+ul> & ! plural2--?ree g5d]s2 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 & ! neut]2--?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,id4 ,he mu/ be wise en\gh to "k ! s+ul> f ! plural--,id4 ,?\gh !y may be able to meet e reproa* :i* any "o ( _! fell[s may pref]4--,*alm]s cor4 ,yet = love's sake ,i r besee* !e1 be+ su* a "o z ,paul ! ag$4--,bible cor42 also ,web/]4 ,a p t jeop>d$ _! lives unto dea?4--,bible cor4 ,by prev5t+ too great an accumulation ( se$ )9 too n>r[ a compass4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,:o fills up ! middle space betwe5 ! animal & ! intellectual nature1 ! visible & ! invisible _w4--,addison cor4 ,! ,psalms ab\nd ) in/ances ( ! h>moni\s arrangem5t ( words4--,murray cor4 ,on an o!r table1 7 a ew] & a vase1 likewise ( gold4--,mirror cor4 ,,? is said to h two s\nds1 a %>p & a flat4--,wilson cor4 ,! ,,section 77 is sometimes us$ 9 ! subdivid+ ( a *apt] into less] p>ts4--,brightl& cor4 ,try x 9 a dog1 or a horse1 or any o!r creature4--,locke cor4 ,b p>ticul>ly 9 ! le>n+ ( languages1 !re is ! lea/ occasion to pose *ildr54--,id4 ,( :at k9d is ! n\n ,,riv]1 & :y8--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,is ,,william',s a prop] or a common n\n8--,id4 ,:at k9d ( article1 !n1 %all we call !8 ,or bett]3 ,:at !n %all we call ! article !8--,id4 ,ea* burns alike1 :o c1 or _c write1 ,or ) a rival's1 or a eunu*'s spite4--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,n\ns1 ,,or ,,cases4 ,& !re are /amp$ ^u _! imag9ations ideas t foll[ !m ) t]ror & affright4--,locke cor4 ,!re's n a wret* t lives on common *>ity1 b's happi] ?an ,i4--,v54 ,pres4 cor4 ,b !y ov]:elm e "o :o is ignorant ( !m4--,h4 ,mann cor4 ,i h receiv$ a lett] f my c\s91 h] t 0 "h la/ week4--,in/41 p4 #abi4 ,g5tlem5's h\ses are seldom )\t v>iety ( company4--,locke cor4 ,because ,=tune has laid !m bel[ ! level ( o!rs1 at _! ma/]s' feet4--,id4 ,we blam$ nei!r ,john's nor ,m>y's delay4--,nixon cor4 ,! book 0 writt5 by ord] ( ,lu!r ! re=m]4--,id4 ,i saw on ! table ( ! saloon ,blair's s]mons1 & somebody's else1 7,i =get ^:17 & ab\t ! room a set ( noisy *ildr54--,byron cor4 ,or sai? he x altoge!r = our sake8--,bible cor4 ,he 0 n aw>e t ! ,duke 0 8 competitor4--,sanborn cor4 ,x is no condition ( an adjective1 t ! ^w mu/ be plac$ be=e a n\n4 ,or3 ,x is no condition on :i* a ^w becomes an adjective1 t x mu/ be plac$ be=e a n\n4--,id41 & ,f[le cor4 ,?\gh _! reason correct$ ! wrong ideas :i* !y _h tak5 94--,locke cor4 ,x 0 he t taught me to hate slav]y4--,morris cor4 ,x is he & 8 k9dr$1 :o live ^u ! lab\r ( o!rs4--,id4 ,paym5t ( tribute is an ackn[l$gem5t ( him z be+ ,k+--7( him z ,k+--or1 t he is ,k+--7 to :om we ?9k x due4--,c4 ,leslie cor4 ,:5 we compreh5d :at is taught u4--,+]soll cor4 ,! foll[+ words1 & p>ts ( words1 mu/ be notic$4--,prie/ley cor4 ,h5ce te>s & commis]ation are s (t5 employ$4--,dr4 ,h4 ,blair cor4 ,,john-,a-,,nokes1 n4 ,a fictiti\s "n us$ 9 law proce$+s4--,a4 ,*alm]s cor4 ,! con/ruction ( words d5ot+ matt]1 & ! "p grasp$4--,b4 ,f4 ,fisk cor4 ,& su* o!r names z c>ry ) !m ! idea ( some?+ t]rible & hurtful4--,locke cor4 ,e le>n] !n w\ld surely be glad to be sp>$ f ! tr\ble & fatigue4--,pike cor4 ,x is n ! own+ ( "o's diss5t f an o!r1 t ,i speak aga9/4--,locke cor4 ,a man t _c f5ce1 w be m c>eful to keep out ( bullies & game/]s' company1 & w n be half s apt to /& ^u punctilios4--,id4 ,f su* p]sons x is1 t "o may le>n m 9 "o day1 ?an 9 a ye>'s rambl+ f "o inn to an o!r4--,id4 ,a long syllable is g5]ally consid]$ to be twice z long z a %ort "o4--,d4 ,blair cor4 ,i is ( ! fir/ p]son1 & ! s+ul> numb]4 ,,?\ is ( ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,,he1 ,,%e1 or ,,x1 is ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,,we is ( ! fir/ p]son plural4 ,,ye or ,,y is ( ! second p]son plural4 ,,!y is ( ! ?ird p]son plural4--,kirkham cor4 ,?is actor1 do]1 or produc] ( ! action1 is d5ot$ by "s ^w 9 ! nom9ative case4--,id4 ,nobody c ?9k1 t a boy ( ?ree or sev5 ye>s ( age %\ld be argu$ ) z a gr[n man4--,locke cor4 ,?is 0 9 ! h\se ( "o ( ! ,ph>isees1 n 9 ,simon ! lep]'s4--,hammond cor4 ,impossible6 x c't be ,i4--,swift cor4 ,^: grey top %all tremble1 ,he desc5d+4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 xii1 #bbg4 ,( :at g5d] is woman1 & :y8--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,( :at g5d]1 !n1 is man1 & :y8--,id4 ,:o is ?is ,i2 :om d y mean :5 y say ,i8--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5 cor4 ,x has a pleasant air1 b ! soil is b>r54--,locke cor4 ,y may1 9 ?ree days' "t1 g f ,galilee to ,j]usalem4--,w4 ,:i/on cor4 ,& t :i* is left ( ! meat-(f]+1 %all be ,a>on's & 8 sons'4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible4 ,= none 9 all ! _w1 )\t a lie1 ,c say ( ?is1 '',tis m9e1' b ,bunyan1 ,i4--,bunyan cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,adjectives4 ,:5 he c be _! remembranc] & advocate at all assizes & sessions4--,leslie cor4 ,,do+ d5otes e mann] ( action2 z1 to dance1 to play1 to write1 c4--,bu*anan cor4 ,sev5 feet long1--eight feet long1--fifty feet long4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( ^! tw5ty-five millions ( doll>s is a dead loss to ! nation4--,f[l] cor4 ,two negatives de/roy ea* o!r4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5 cor4 ,we are w>n$ aga9/ excus+ s9 9 ourselves1 or 9 "o an o!r4--,fri5d cor4 ,! ,russian empire is m ext5sive ?an any o!r gov]nm5t 9 ! _w4--,in/41 p4 #bfe4 ,y w always h ! satisfaction to ?9k x1 ( all y\r exp5ses1 ! money be/ laid out4--,locke cor4 ,!re is no o!r passion :i* all mank9d s naturally indulge1 z pride4--,/eele cor4 ,o1 ?r[ away ! vil] "p ( x4--,%ak4 cor4 ,he %[$ u an easi] & m agreeable way4--,in/41 p4 #bfe4 ,& ! la/ f\r are to po9t out ^? fur!r improvem5ts4--,jamieson & ,campbell cor4 ,:]e he has n cle> ideas1 di/9ct & diff]5t4--,locke cor4 ,oh1 :5 %all we h an o!r su* ,rector ( ,l>acor6--,hazlitt cor4 ,spee* mu/ h be5 absolutely necess>y previ\sly to ! =mation ( society4 ,or bett] ?us3 ,spee* mu/ h be5 absolutely necess>y to ! =mation ( society4--,jamieson cor4 ,g & tell ^? boys to be /ill4--,in/41 p4 #bfe4 ,wrongs are engrav$ on m>ble2 b5efits1 on s&3 ^? are apt to be requit$2 ^!1 =got4--,g4 ,b4 ,none ( ^! sev]al int]pretations is ! true "o4--,g4 ,b4 ,my fri5d indulg$ himself 9 "s freaks n befitt+ ! gravity ( a cl]gyman4--,g4 ,b4 ,& _! p>don is all t any ( _! impropriators w h to plead4--,leslie cor4 ,b ! "t usually *os5 to s5d "y m5 abroad1 is1 ,i ?9k1 ( all p]iods1 t at :i* !y are lea/ capable ( reap+ ^? advantages4--,locke cor4 ,x is a m]e figm5t ( ! human imag9ation1 a rhapsody ( ! transc5d5tly un9telligible4--,jamieson cor4 ,x conta9s a great] assemblage ( sublime ideas1 ( bold & d>+ figures1 ?an is p]haps any:]e else to be met )4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! ord] 9 :i* ! la/ two words are plac$ %\ld h be5 rev]s$4--,dr4 ,blair cor42 also ,l4 ,murray4 ,9 ,demo/h5es1 eloqu5ce %one =? ) high] spl5d\r1 ?an p]haps 9 any o!r t ev] bore ! "n ( orator4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! circum/ance ( 8 pov]ty 7or1 t he is poor7 is decid$ly fav\rable4--,todd cor4 ,! temptations to dissipation are greatly less5$ by 8 pov]ty4--,id4 ,=1 ) h] dea?1 ^? tid+s came4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! next objection is1 t au?ors ( ?is sort are poor4--,clel& cor4 ,pres5t+ ,emma1 z ,miss ,ca/lema91 to ^! acqua9tances3 or1--to ^! p]sons ( h] acqua9tance4--,opie cor4 ,i d\bt n t x w please m p]sons ?an ! op]a3 or1--t x w be m pleas+ ?an ! op]a4--,spect4 cor4 ,! _w kn[s only two2 ^! are ,rome & ,i4--,b5 ,jonson cor4 ,i di/+ui% ^! two ?+s f ea* o!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,&1 9 ?is case1 mank9d reciprocally claim & all[ indulg5ce to "o an o!r4--,%]idan cor4 ,! la/ six books are said n to h receiv$ ! f9i%+ h& ( ! au?or4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! be/-execut$ "p ( ! "w1 is ! fir/ six books4--,id4 ,to reason h[ c we be said to rise8 ,s h>d ! task = mortals to be wise6--,%effield cor4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,pron\ns4 ,once ^u a "t1 a goose f$ h] "y by a pond's side3 or--by a pondside4--,goldsmi? cor4 7,see ,,obs4 #cc;d on ,rule #d?47 ,if ei!r has a suffici5t degree ( m]it to recomm5d x to ! att5tion ( ! public4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,n[ ,w4 ,mit*ell's deceit is v rem>kable4--,b>clay cor4 ,my bro!r1 ,i did n put ! "q to !e1 = t ,i d\bt$ ( ! tru? ( ?y belief4--,bunyan cor4 ,i _h two eld] bro!rs1 "o ( :om 0 a lieut5ant-colonel4--,de ,foe cor4 ,?\gh ,james is "h ! object ( ! action1 yet ! ^w ,james is 9 ! nom9ative case4--,wright cor4 ,"h ,john is ! actor2 & ! ^w ,john is kn[n to be 9 ! nom9ative1 by its answ]+ to ! "q1 ',:o /ruck ,ri*>d8'--,id4 ,"o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ privileges t ,provid5ce has conf]r$ ^u mank9d1 is ! p[] ( communicat+ _! ?\ghts to "o an o!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,) "s ( ! mo/ ref9$ feel+s t belong to our frame4--,id4 ,& ! same in/ructions t assi/ o!rs 9 compos+ works ( elegance1 w assi/ !m 9 judg+ (1 & reli%+1 ! beauties ( composition4--,id4 ,to ov]?r[ all t _h be5 yield$ 9 fav\r ( ! army4--,macaulay cor4 ,let y\r fai? /& 9 ! ,"l ,god1 :o *anges n1 :o creat$ all1 & :o gives ! increase ( all4--,fri5ds cor4 ,= x is1 9 tru?1 ! s5tim5t ( passion :i* lies "u ! figur$ expression1 t gives x all its m]it4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,v]bs are words t affirm ! be+1 do+1 or suff]+ ( a ?+1 toge!r ) ! "t at :i* x happ5s4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,! bias w always hang on t side on :i* nature fir/ plac$ x4--,locke cor4 ,!y %\ld be br\ght to d ! ?+s :i* are fit = !m4--,id4 ,! v>i\s s\rces f :i* ! ,engli% language is d]iv$4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is att5tion to ! sev]al cases 9 :i* x is prop] to omit or to r$\ble ! copulative1 is ( consid]able importance4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,cic]o1 = in/ance1 speak+ ( ! cases 9 :i* x is lawful to kill an o!r 9 self-def5ce1 uses ! foll[+ words4--,id4 ,b !re is no nation1 h>dly are !re any p]sons1 s phlegmatic z n to accompany _! words ) "s actions1 or ge/iculations1 :5ev] !y are mu* 9 e>ne/4--,id4 ,william's is said to be gov]n$ by coat1 because coat foll[s ,william's ,or bett]3--because coat is ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$ by ,william4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,9 life1 !re are _m occasions on :i* sil5ce & simplicity are m>ks ( true wisdom4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,9 *oos+ umpires ^: av>ice is excit$4--,nixon cor4 ,! bor\ghs s5t repres5tatives1 accord+ to law4--,id4 ,no man believes b t !re is "s ord] 9 ! univ]se4--,g4 ,b4 ,! moon is ord]ly 9 h] *anges1 & %e c\ld n be s by accid5t4--,id4 ,! riddles ( ! ,sphynx 7or1 ,! ,sphynx's riddles7 are g5]ally ( two k9ds4--,bacon cor4 ,!y mu/ g5]ally f9d ei!r _! fri5ds or _! enemies 9 p[]4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,=1 ( old1 v _m took ^u !m to write :at happ5$ 9 _! own "t4--,:i/on cor4 ,! ,almighty cut (f ! family ( ,eli ! high prie/1 = _! transgressions4--,! ,fri5d1 vii1 #aji4 ,! conv5tion !n resolv$ itself into a committee ( ! :ole4--,in/41 p4 #bfi4 ,! sev]ity ) :i* p]sons ( ?is d5om9ation 7 treat$1 appe>$ r to invite !m to ! colony1 ?an to det] !m f flock+ ?i!r4--,h4 ,adams cor4 ,_m ,*ri/ians abuse ! ,scriptures & ! traditions ( ! apo/les1 to uphold ?+s q contr>y to !m4--,b>clay cor4 ,?us1 a circle1 a squ>e1 a triangle1 or a hexagon1 pleases ! eye by its regul>ity1 & is a beautiful figure4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,elba is rem>kable = be+ ! place to :i* ,bonap>te 0 bani%$ 9 #ahad4--,olney's ,geog4 ,! editor has ! reputation ( be+ a good l+ui/ & critic4--,rel4 ,h]ald4 ,x is a pride :i* %\ld be *]i%$ 9 !m4--,locke cor4 ,& to re/ore to u ! hope ( fruits1 to rew>d our pa9s 9 _! season4--,id4 ,! comic repres5tation ( ,dea?'s victim relat+ 8 own tale4--,wright cor4 ,z = ,scioppius's ,gramm>1 t :olly conc]ns ! ,lat9 tongue4--,wilk9s cor4 ,& *iefly ,?\1 ,o ,_s1 t do/ pref] ,be=e all temples ?' upright he>t & pure1 ,in/ruct me1 = ,?\ kn[/4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 i1 l4 #ag4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,v]bs4 ,& !re 7 9 ! same c\ntry %eph]ds abid+ 9 ! field4--,fri5ds' ,bible2 also ,bruce's1 & ,alg]'s4 ,:]e( e "o be>s or be>e? tw9s4--,,bible ,,cor43 ,song1 vi1 #f4 ,he /rikes out ( 8 nature "o ( ! mo/ div9e pr9ciples t are plant$ 9 x4--,addison cor4 ,,g5ii i4e41 ! ^w ,,g5ii d5otes arial spirits4--,wright cor4 ,9 proportion z ! long & l>ge preval5ce ( su* corruptions has be5 obta9$ by =ce4--,halifax cor4 ,nei!r ( ^! is set be=e any ^w ( a g5]al signification1 or be=e a prop] "n4--,brightl& cor4 ,( :i*1 a few ( ! op5+ l9es are all ,i %all give4--,moore cor4 ,! weal? we _h 9 ,engl&1 0 ! sl[ result ( long indu/ry & wisdom4 ,or3 ,! ri*es we _h 9 ,engl& 71 c4--,dav5ant cor4 ,! foll[+ expression appe>s to be correct3 ',mu* public gratitude is due4' ,or ?is3 ',great public ?anks are due4'---,wright cor4 ,he has be5 enabl$ to correct _m mi/akes4--,l[? cor4 ,:i* road do/ ?\ take "h8--,+]soll cor4 ,do/ ?\ le>n ?y lesson8--,id4 ,did !y le>n _! pieces p]fectly8--,id4 ,?\ le>n$ ?y task well4--,id4 ,!re are "s :o c't reli% ! t[n1 & o!rs c't be> ) ! c\ntry4--,sir ,wilful cor4 ,if ?\ meet !m1 ?\ mu/ put on an intrepid mi54--,neef cor4 ,/ruck ) t]ror1 z if ,philip 7 some?+ m ?an human4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,if ! p]sonification ( ! =m ( ,satan 7 admissible1 ! pron\n %\ld c]ta9ly h be5 mascul9e4--,jamieson cor4 ,if only "o foll[s1 !re seems to be a defect 9 ! s5t5ce4--,prie/ley cor4 ,sir1 if ?\ ha/ borne him h5ce1 tell me :]e ?\ ha/ laid him4--,bible cor4 ,bless$ are ! p t "k ! joyful s\nd4--,id4 ,e auditory takes 9 good "p ^? m>ks ( respect & awe ) :i* a mode/ speak] comm5ces a public disc\rse4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,private causes 7 /ill plead$ 9 ! =um2 b ! public 7 no long] int]e/$1 nor 0 any g5]al att5tion drawn to :at pass$ !re4--,id4 ,nay1 :at evid5ce c be br\ght to %[1 t ! inflections ( ! classic tongues 7 n orig9ally =m$ out ( obsolete auxili>y words8--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,if ! /ud5t obs]ve t ! pr9cipal & ! auxili>y =m b "o v]b1 he w h little or no difficulty 9 ! prop] application ( ! pres5t rule4--,id4 ,= ! sword ( ! enemy1 & fe>1 are on e side4--,bible cor4 ,ev5 ! ,/oics agree t nature1 or c]ta9ty1 is v h>d to come at4--,colli] cor4 ,8 polit5ess1 8 oblig+ behavi\r1 0 *ang$4 ,or ?us3 ,8 polite & oblig+ behavi\r 0 *ang$4--,prie/ley & ,hume cor4 ,w> & its hon\rs 7 _! employm5t & ambition4 ,or ?us3 ,w> 0 _! employm5t2 its hon\rs 7 _! ambition4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,d ,a & ,,an mean ! same ?+8--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5 cor4 ,:5 sev]al words come 9 betwe5 ! discordant p>ts1 ! e> does n detect ! error4--,cobbett cor4 ,! s5t5ce %\ld be1 ',:5 sev]al words come 91' c4--,wright cor4 ,! nature ( our language1 ! acc5t & pronunciation ( x1 incl9e u to contract ev5 all our regul> v]bs4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #ajd4 ,or ?us3 ,! nature ( our language1--7t is1 ! acc5t & pronunciation ( x1--7 incl9es u to contract ev5 all our regul> v]bs4--,l[? cor4 ,! nature ( our language1 toge!r ) ! acc5t & pronunciation ( x1 incl9es u to contract ev5 all our regul> v]bs4--,hiley cor4 ,prompt aid1 & n promises1 is :at we ought to give4--,g4 ,b4 ,! position ( ! sev]al organs1 !re=e1 z well z _! functions1 is asc]ta9$4--,m$4 ,mag4 cor4 ,e private company1 & almo/ e public assembly1 af=ds opportunities ( rem>k+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a j & graceful1 & a faulty & unnatural elocution4--,enfield cor4 ,su* submission1 toge!r ) ! active pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce1 makes up 9 u ! temp] or "* :i* answ]s to 8 sov]eignty4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,9 happ9ess1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 !re are a false & a true1 an imag9>y & a real4--,a4 ,full] cor4 ,to conf\nd ?+s t diff]1 & to make a di/9ction :]e !re is no diff]5ce1 are equally unphilosophical4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,i "k a bank :]on do? wild ?yme bl[1 ,:]e oxlips & ! nodd+ violet gr[4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,v]bs4 ,^: bus9ess or pr(ession prev5ts _! att5dance 9 ! morn+4--,ogilby cor4 ,& no *ur* or (fic] has p[] ov] an o!r4--,le*=d cor4 ,:ile nei!r reason nor exp]i5ce is suffici5tly matur$ to protect !m4--,woodbridge cor4 ,among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 almo/ e syllable 0 kn[n to h a fix$ & det]m9$ quantity4 ,or ?us3 ,among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 all syllables1 7or at lea/ ! f> great] numb]17 7 kn[n to h sev]ally a fix$ & det]m9$ quantity4--,blair & ,jamieson cor4 ,_! vanity is awak5$1 & _! passions are exalt$1 by ! irritation :i* _! self-love receives f contradiction4--,tr4 ( ,mad4 ,de ,/al cor4 ,he & ,i 7 nei!r ( u any great swimm]4--,anon4 ,virtue1 hon\r--nay1 ev5 self-int]e/1 recomm5ds ! measure4--,l4 ,murray cor4 7,see ,obs4 #e? on ,rule #af?47 ,a correct pla9ness1 an elegant simplicity1 is ! prop] "* ( an introduction4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,9 syntax1 !re is :at gramm>ians call concord or agreem5t1 & !re is gov]nm5t4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,p f9d !mselves able1 )\t mu* /udy1 to write & speak ,engli% intelligibly1 & ?us are l$ to ?9k t rules are ( no utility4--,web/] cor4 ,b ! writ] mu/ be "o :o has /udi$ to in=m himself well1 :o has pond]$ 8 subject ) c>e1 & :o addresses himself to our judgem5t1 r ?an to our imag9ation4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,b practice has det]m9$ x o!rwise2 & has1 9 all ! languages ) :i* we are mu* acqua9t$1 suppli$ ! place ( an int]rogative mood1 ei!r by p>ticles ( int]rogation1 or by a peculi> ord] ( ! words 9 ! s5t5ce4--,l[? cor4 ,if ! ,"l ha? /irr$ !e up aga9/ me1 let him accept an (f]+4--,bible cor4 ,b if ! prie/'s daught] be a wid[1 or divorc$1 & h no *ild1 & %e return unto h] fa!r's h\se1 z 9 h] y\?1 %e %all eat ( h] fa!r's meat4--,id4 ,s9ce we nev] h /udi$1 & nev] %all /udy1 y\r sublime productions4--,neef cor4 ,enabl+ u to =m di/9ct] images ( objects1 ?an c be =m$1 ) ! utmo/ att5tion1 :]e ^! p>ticul>s are n f\nd4--,kames cor4 ,i hope y w consid] t :at is spok5 comes f my love4--,%ak4 cor4 ,we %all !n p]ceive h[ ! designs ( emphasis may be m>r$4--,ru% cor4 ,i knew x 0 ,crab1 & w5t to ! fell[ t :ips ! dogs4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! y\? 0 consum+ by a sl[ malady4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #fd2 ,+]soll's1 #de2 ,fisk1 #hb4 ,if all m5 ?\ght1 spoke1 & wrote alike1 some?+ resembl+ a p]fect adju/m5t ( ^! po9ts might be accompli%$4--,wright cor4 ,if y w replace :at has be51 = a long "t expung$ f ! language4 ,or3 ,if y w replace :at 0 long ago expung$ f ! language4--,campbell & ,murray cor4 ,z 9 all ^? faulty in/ances :i* ,i h j be5 giv+4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,?is mood is also us$ improp]ly 9 ! foll[+ places4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,he seems to h be5 well acqua9t$ ) 8 own g5ius1 & to h kn[n :at x 0 t nature _h be/[$ ^u him4--,johnson cor4 ,( :i* ,i h already giv5 "o in/ance1 ! wor/ inde$ t occurr$ 9 ! poem4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,x is /range he nev] comm&$ y to d x4--,anon4 ,hi/ory pa9t]s w\ld h f\nd x difficult1 to inv5t su* a species ( be+s4--,addison cor4 ,univ]sal ,gramm> _c be taught ab/ract$ly2 x mu/ be expla9$ ) ref]5c sic--,,k? to "s language already kn[n4--,l[? cor4 ,& we might imag9e1 t if v]bs _h be5 s contriv$ z simply to express ^!1 no o!r t5ses w\ld h be5 ne$ful4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,to a writ] ( su* a g5ius z ,dean ,swift's1 ! pla9 /yle is mo/ admirably fitt$4--,id4 ,please to excuse my son's abs5ce4--,in/41 p4 #bgi4 ,bid ! boys come 9 imm$iately4--,ib4 ,gives u ! secrets ( 8 pagan hell1 ,:]e re/less gho/s 9 sad communion dwell4--,crabbe cor4 ,alas6 nor fai? nor val\r n[ rema9s2 ,sighs are b w9d1 & ,i mu/ be> my *a9s4--,walpole cor4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,p>ticiples4 ,( :i* ! au?or consid]s himself1 9 compil+ ! pres5t "w1 z m]ely lay+ ! f\ndation-/one4--,david ,blair cor4 ,on ! rais+ ( su* lively & di/9ct images z are "h describ$4--,kames cor4 ,!y are necess>y to ! avoid+ ( ambiguities4--,brightl& cor4 ,!re is no neglect+ ( x )\t fall+ into a dang]\s error4 ,or bett]3 ,none c neglect x )\t fall+1 c4--,burlamaqui cor4 ,! conte/ resembles ,don ,quixote's fight+ ( 7or )7 w9dmills4--,web/] cor4 ,t ^! v]bs associate ) o!r v]bs 9 all ! t5ses1 is no pro( t !y h no p>ticul> "t ( _! own4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,to ju/ify myself 9 n foll[+ ! track ( ! anci5t rhetoricians4--,dr4 ,h4 ,blair cor4 ,! putt+-toge!r ( lett]s1 s z to make words1 is call$ ,spell+4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,:at is ! putt+-toge!r ( v[els & consonants call$8--,id4 ,nobody kn[s ( _! *>itabl5ess1 b !mselves4 ,or3 ,nobody kn[s t !y are *>itable1 b !mselves4--,full] cor4 ,paym5t 0 at l5g? made1 b no reason 0 assign$ = s long a po/ponem5t ( x4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,:i* w be> to be br\ght into comp>ison ) any composition ( ! k9d4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,to r5d] vice ridicul\s1 is to d real s]vice to ! _w4--,id4 ,x is a direct copy+ f nature1 a pla9 rehe>sal ( :at pass$1 or 0 suppos$ to pass1 9 conv]sation4--,id4 ,propriety ( pronunciation consi/s 9 giv+ to e ^w t s\nd :i* ! mo/ polite usage ( ! language appropriates to x4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bjj2 & aga91 p4 #bai4 ,to occupy ! m9d1 & prev5t u f regrett+ ! insipidity ( a uni=m pla94--,kames cor4 ,!re are a hundr$ ways 9 :i* any ?+ may happ54--,/eele cor4 ,tell me1 seignior1 = :at cause 7or :y7 ,antonio s5t ,claudio to ,v5ice ye/]day4--,bucke cor4 ,z y are look+ ab\t = an outlet1 "s ri* prospect unexpect$ly op5s to view4--,kames cor4 ,a hundr$ volumes ( mod]n novels may be read )\t communicat+ a new idea4 ,or ?us3 ,a p]son may read a hundr$ volumes ( mod]n novels )\t acquir+ a new idea4--,web/] cor4 ,poetry admits ( great] latitude ?an prose1 ) respect to ! co9+1 or at lea/ ! new comp\nd+1 ( words4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,:5 laws 7 writt5 on braz5 tablets1 & en=c$ by ! sword4--,pope cor4 ,a pron\n1 :i* saves ! nam+ ( a p]son or ?+ a second "t1 ought to be plac$ z ne> z possible to ! "n ( t p]son or ?+4--,kames cor4 ,! us+ ( a preposition 9 ?is case1 is n always a matt] ( *oice4--,id4 ,to save ! multiply+ ( words1 ,i w\ld be und]/ood to compreh5d bo? circum/ances4--,id4 ,immod]ate grief is mute3 compla9t is a /ruggle = consolation4--,id4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! accel]at+ or ! ret>d+ ( ! natural c\rse1 excites a pa94--,id4 ,human affairs require ! di/ribut+ ( our att5tion4--,id4 ,by neglect+ ?is circum/ance1 ! au?or ( ! foll[+ example has made x defective 9 neatness4--,id4 ,& !re=e ! suppress+ ( copulatives mu/ animate a description4--,id4 ,if ! omission ( copulatives gives =ce & livel9ess1 a r$undancy ( !m mu/ r5d] ! p]iod languid4--,id4 ,x skills n1 to ask my leave1 said ,ri*>d4--,scott cor4 ,to r$eem 8 cr$it1 he propos$ to be s5t once m to ,sp>ta4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,dumas relates t he gave dr9k to a dog4--,/one cor4 ,bo? are1 9 a l way1 in/rum5ts ( our reception ( su* ideas f ext]nal objects4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,9 ord] to y\r prop] h&l+ ( su* a subject4--,spect4 cor4 ,= ,i d n recollect x prec$$ by an op5 v[el4--,knight cor4 ,su* is ! sett+ up ( ! =m above ! p[] ( godl9ess4--,b>clay cor4 ,i rememb] t ,i 0 walk+ once ) my "y acqua9tance4--,hunt cor4 ,he did n l to pay a debt4--,id4 ,i d n rememb] to h se5 ,col]idge :5 ,i 0 a *ild4--,id4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! dry rot discov]$ 9 x1 ! mansion has und]gone a ?or\gh repair4--,maund] cor4 ,i w\ld n advise ! foll[+ ( ! ,g]man sy/em 9 all its p>ts4--,lieb] cor4 ,w\ld x n be to make ! /ud5ts judges ( ! pr(essors8--,id4 ,little "t %\ld int]v5e betwe5 ! propos+ ( !m & ! decid+ ^u !m4--,v]?ake sic--,,k? cor4 ,x w\ld be no?+ less ?an to f9d fault ) ! ,creator4--,lit4 ,j\rnal cor4 ,t we 7 once fri5ds1 is a p[]ful reason1 bo? ( prud5ce & ( consci5ce1 to re/ra9 u f ev] becom+ enemies4--,seck] cor4 ,by us+ ! ^w z a conjunction1 we prev5t ! ambiguity4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,he =ms 8 s*emes ! flood ( vice to /em1 ,b fai? 9 ,jesus has no "p 9 !m4--,j ,taylor cor4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,adv]bs4 ,auxili>ies n only c be ins]t$1 b are really und]/ood4--,wright cor4 ,he 0 aft]w>ds a hir$ scribbl] 9 ! ,daily ,c\rant4--,pope's ,annotator cor4 ,9 g>d5+1 luckily1 relative beauty nev] ne$ /& 7or1 p]haps bett]1 nev] ne$s to /&7 9 opposition to intr9sic beauty4--,kames cor4 ,i mu* d\bt ! propriety ( ! foll[+ examples4--,l[? cor4 ,& we see h[ f> !y h spread1 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 "o ( ! wor/ languages possible--,locke cor4 ,&1 9 ?is mann]1 m]ely to place him on a level ) ! bea/ ( ! =e/4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,:i!r1 ah6 :i!r1 has my d>l+ fl$4--,anon4 ,z = ?is fell[1 we "k n :5ce he is4--,bible cor4 ,ye see !n1 t by works a man is ju/ifi$1 & n by fai? only4--,id4 ,! ,mix$ k9d is t 9 :i* ! poet sometimes speaks 9 8 own p]son1 & sometimes makes o!r *>act]s speak4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,int]rogation is a rhetorical figure 9 :i* ! writ] or orator raises que/ions1 &1 if he pleases1 returns answ]s4--,fi%] cor4 ,prev5tion is a figure 9 :i* an au?or />ts an objection :i* he =esees may be made1 & gives an answ] to x4--,id4 ,w y let me alone1 or n8--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,nei!r man nor woman c resi/ an engag+ ext]ior4-- ,*e/]field cor4 ,?\gh ! cup be ev]so clean4--,locke cor4 ,seldom1 or nev]1 did any "o rise to em95ce1 by be+ a witty lawy]4 ,or ?us3 ,seldom1 if ev]1 has any "o ris5 to em95ce1 by be+ a witty lawy]4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! second rule :i* ,i give1 respects ! *oice ( ! objects f :i* metaphors1 & o!r figures1 are to be drawn4--,id4 ,9 ! figures :i* x uses1 x sets mirrors be=e u1 9 :i* we may behold objects reflect$ 9 _! lik5ess4--,id4 ,^: bus9ess x is1 to seek ! true measures ( "r & wrong1 & n ! arts by :i* he may avoid do+ ! "o1 & secure himself 9 do+ ! o!r4--,locke cor4 ,! occasions on :i* y ought to p]sonify ?+s1 & ^? on :i* y ought n1 _c be /at$ 9 any precise rule4--,cobbett cor4 ,!y reflect t !y h be5 mu* div]t$1 b sc>cely c !y say ab\t :at4--,kames cor4 ,! eyebr[s & %\ld]s %\ld seldom or nev] be rem>k$ by any p]ceptible motion4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,& ! left h& or arm %\ld seldom or nev] attempt any motion by itself4--,id41 "r4 ,n e speak] purposes to please ! imag9ation4-- ,jamieson cor4 ,&1 l ,gallio1 !y c>e = none ( ^! ?+s4 ,or3 ,&1 l ,gallio1 !y c>e little = any ( ^! ?+s4--,s4 cor4 ,!y may inadv]t5tly be us$ :]e _! mean+ w\ld be obscure4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,nor c a man make him laugh4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! ,a!nians1 9 _! pres5t di/ress1 sc>cely knew :i!r to turn4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,i d n rememb] :]e ,god ev] deliv]$ 8 oracles by ! multitude4--,locke cor4 ,! object ( ?is gov]nm5t is tw(old1 outw>d & inw>d4--,b>clay cor4 ,9 ord] rightly to und]/& :at we read--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,t a design _h be5 =m$1 to kidnap or =cibly abduct ,morgan4--,col4 ,/one cor4 ,b su* impo/ure c nev] long ma9ta9 its gr\nd4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,b surely x is z possible to apply ! pr9ciples ( reason & good s5se to ?is art1 z to any o!r t is cultivat$ among m54--,id4 ,x w\ld h be5 bett] = y1 to h rema9$ illit]ate1 & ev5 to h be5 hew]s ( wood4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,dissyllables t h two v[els :i* are sep>at$ 9 ! pronunciation1 always h ! acc5t on ! fir/ syllable4--,id4 ,& !y all turn$ _! backs1 almo/ )\t draw+ a sword4 ,or3 ,& !y all turn$ _! backs1 sc>cely v5tur+ to draw a sword4--,kames cor4 ,! pr9ciple ( duty naturally takes prec$5ce ( e o!r4--,id4 ,n all t glitt]s1 is gold4--,maund] cor4 ,:e!r n[1 or ev]so _m myriads ( ages h5ce4--,edw>ds cor4 ,engl& nev] did1 nor ev] %all1 ,lie at ! pr\d foot ( a conqu]or4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,conjunctions4 ,he readily compreh5ds ! rules ( syntax1 _! use 9 ! con/ruct+ ( s5t5ces1 & _! applicability to ! examples be=e him4--,gre5leaf cor4 ,! works ( s*ylus h suff]$ m by "t1 ?an ^? ( any o!r anci5t trag$ian4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,!re is mu* m /ory1 m bu/le1 & m action1 ?an on ! ,fr5* !atre4--,id4 7,see ,obs4 #h? on ,rule #af?47 ,su* an unremitt$ anxiety1 or su* a p]petual application1 z engrosses all our "t & ?\ghts1 is =bidd54--,j5yns cor4 ,x seems to be no?+ else ?an ! simple =m ( ! adjective4--,wright cor4 ,b :5 ,i talk ( reason+1 ,i d n int5d any o!r ?an su* z is suit$ to ! *ild's capacity4--,locke cor4 ,pron\ns h no o!r use 9 language1 ?an to repres5t n\ns4--,jamieson cor4 ,! speculative reli$ no f>!r on _! own judgem5t1 ?an to *oose a lead]1 :om !y implicitly foll[$4--,kames cor4 ,unaccommodat$ man is no m ?an su* a poor1 b>e1 =k$ animal z ?\ art4--,%ak4 cor4 ,a ,p>5!sis is a sugge/ion :i* is introduc$ into ! body ( a s5t5ce obliquely1 & :i* may be omitt$ )\t injur+ ! grammatical con/ruction4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,! ,c>et 7m>k$ ?us 7 is plac$ :]e some?+ t happ5$ to be left out1 is to be put into ! l9e4--,iid4 ,:5 ,i visit !m1 !y %all be ca/ d[n4--,bible cor4 ,nei!r our virtues nor our vices are all our own4--,johnson & ,sanborn cor4 ,i c\ld n give him s e>ly an answ] z he _h desir$4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,he is n s tall z 8 bro!r4--,nixon cor4 ,x is difficult to judge :e!r ,"l ,byron is s]i\s or n4--,lady ,bless+ton cor4 ,"s n\ns are ( bo? ! second & ! ?ird decl5sion4--,g\ld cor4 ,he 0 disc\rag$ nei!r by dang] nor by mis=tune4--,wells cor4 ,?is is consi/5t nei!r ) logic nor ) hi/ory4--,dial cor4 ,p>ts ( s5t5ces are ei!r simple or comp\nd4--,david ,blair cor4 ,engli% v]se is regulat$ r by ! numb] ( syllables1 ?an by feet3 or1--?an by ! numb] ( feet4--,id4 ,i "k n :at m he c d1 ?an pray = him4--,locke cor4 ,:il/ !y are le>n+1 & are apply+ !mselves ) att5tion1 !y are to be kept 9 good hum\r4--,id4 ,a man _c h too mu* ( x1 nor h x too p]fectly4--,id4 ,t y may s run1 z to obta92 & s fight1 z to ov]come4 ,or ?us3 ,t y may s run1 t y may obta92 & s fight1 t y may ov]come4--,p5n cor4 ,x is ! artifice ( "s1 to contrive false p]iods ( bus9ess1 t !y may seem m5 ( despat*4--,bacon cor4 ',a tall man & a woman4' ,9 ?is phrase1 !re is no ellipsis2 ! adjective belongs only to ! =m] n\n2 ! quality respects only ! man4--,a% cor4 ,an ab&onm5t ( ! policy is nei!r to be expect$ nor to be desir$4--,jackson cor4 ,:i* c be acquir$ by no o!r means ?an by frequ5t ex]cise 9 speak+4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! *ief or fundam5tal rules ( syntax are common to ! ,engli% & ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,or3--are applicable to ! ,engli% z well z to ! ,lat9 tongue4--,id4 ,!n ,i exclaim1 ei!r t my antagoni/ is void ( all ta/e1 or t 8 ta/e is corrupt$ 9 a mis]able degree4 ,or ?us3 ,!n ,i exclaim1 t my antagoni/ is ei!r void ( all ta/e1 or has a ta/e t is mis]ably corrupt$4--,id4 ,i _c pity any "o :o is "u no di/ress ei!r ( body or ( m9d4--,kames cor4 ,!re 0 mu* g5ius 9 ! _w1 be=e !re 7 le>n+ & arts to ref9e x4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,su* a writ] c h little else to d1 ?an to new-model ! p>adoxes ( anci5t scepticism4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,our ideas ( !m be+ no?+ else ?an collections ( ! ord9>y qualities obs]v$ 9 !m4--,duncan cor4 ,a non-ens1 or negative1 c give nei!r pleasure nor pa94--,kames cor4 ,s t !y %all n ju/le & emb>rass "o an o!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,he firmly refus$ to make use ( any o!r voice ?an 8 own4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #aac4 ,y\r m>*+ regim5ts1 sir1 w n make ! gu>ds _! example1 ei!r z soldi]s or z subjects4--,junius cor4 ,consequ5tly !y _h nei!r mean+ nor beauty1 to any b ! natives ( ea* c\ntry4--,%]idan cor4 ,! man ( wor?1 :o has n left 8 pe]1 ,is 9 8 n>r[ h\se =ev] d>kly laid4--,burns cor4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,prepositions4 ,^! may be c>ri$ on progressively beyond any assignable limits4--,kames cor4 ,to cr[d diff]5t subjects into a s+le memb] ( a p]iod1 is /ill worse ?an to cr[d !m into "o p]iod4--,id4 ,nor d we rigidly insi/ on hav+ melodi\s prose4--,id4 ,! av]sion we h to ^? :o diff] f u4--,id4 ,= we _c be> 8 %ift+ ( ! sc5e at e l9e4--,halifax cor4 ,we %all f9d t we come by x 9 ! same way4--,locke cor4 ,aga9/ ?is he has no bett] def5ce ?an t4--,b>nes cor4 ,se>*+ ! p]son :om he suspects ( hav+ /ol5 8 casket4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,:o1 z vacancies occur1 are elect$ by ! :ole ,bo>d4--,lit4 ,j\r4 cor4 ,almo/ ! only field ( ambition = a ,g]man1 is sci5ce4--,lieb] cor4 ,! plan ( education is v diff]5t f ! "o pursu$ 9 ! si/] c\ntry4--,coley cor4 ,"s writ]s on gramm> h cont5d$1 t adjectives sometimes relate to v]bs1 & modify _! action4--,wilcox cor4 ,!y are !re=e ( a mix$ nature1 p>ticipat+ ! prop]ties bo? ( pron\ns & ( adjectives4-- ,+]soll cor4 ,= !re is no au?ority :i* c ju/ify ! ins]t+ ( ! aspirate or ! d\bl+ ( ! v[el4--,knight cor4 ,! di/9ction & arrangem5t ( active1 passive1 & neut] v]bs4-- ,wright cor4 ,& see ?\ a ho/ile _w spread its delusive sn>es4--,kirkham cor4 ,he may be precaution$1 & be made to see h[ ^? jo9 9 ! contempt4--,locke cor4 ,! cont5t+ ( !mselves 9 ! pres5t want ( :at !y wi%$ =1 is a virtue4-- ,id4 ,if ! compla9t be ab\t some?+ really wor?y ( y\r notice4--,id4 ,true =titude ,i take to be ! quiet possession ( a man's self1 & an undi/urb$ do+ ( 8 duty4--,id4 ,= ! cu/om ( torm5t+ & kill+ bea/s1 w1 by degrees1 h>d5 _! m9ds ev5 t[>ds m54--,id4 ,*ildr5 are :ipp$ to x1 & made to sp5d _m h\rs ( _! preci\s "t uneasily at ,lat94--,id4 ,on ?is subject1 ! ,h>mony ( ,p]iods1 ! anci5t rhetoricians h ent]$ into a v m9ute & p>ticul> detail2 m p>ticul>1 inde$1 ?an on any o!r head t reg>ds language4--,see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abb4 ,b ! "o %\ld n be omitt$1 & ! o!r reta9$4 ,or3 ,b ! "o %\ld n be us$ )\t ! o!r4--,bullions cor4 ,f "s common =ms ( spee*1 ! relative pron\n is usually omitt$4--,murray & ,weld cor4 ,!re are v _m causes :i* disqualify a witness = be+ receiv$ to te/ify 9 p>ticul> cases4--,adams cor4 ,aside f all reg>d to int]e/1 we %\ld expect t1 c4--,web/] cor4 ,my op9ion 0 giv5 aft] a r cursory p]usal ( ! book4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,&1 on ! next day1 he 0 put on bo>d ( 8 %ip4 ,or ?us3 ,&1 ! next day1 he 0 put abo>d 8 %ip4--,id4 ,hav+ ! comm& ( no emotions1 b :at are rais$ by sight4--,kames cor4 ,did ^! moral attributes exi/ 9 "s o!r be+ besides himself4 ,or3--9 "s o!r be+ ?an himself4--,wayl& cor4 ,he did n behave 9 t mann] f pride1 or f contempt ( ! tribunal4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #aac4 ,^! prosecutions aga9/ ,william seem to h be5 ! mo/ iniquit\s measures pursu$ by ! c\rt4--,murray & ,prie/ley cor4 ,to re/ore myself to ! good graces ( my fair critics4--,dryd5 cor4 ,objects d5om9at$ beautiful1 please n by virtue ( any "o quality common to !m all4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,?is w\ld h be5 less wor?y ( notice1 _h n a writ] or two ( high rank lately adopt$ x4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,a ,grecian y\?1 ( tal5ts r>e1 ,:om ,plato's philosophic c>e1 c4--,,:itehead3 ,e4 ,r41 p4 #aif4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,,promiscu\s4 ,to excel has become a mu* less consid]able object4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,my robe1 & my integrity to ,heav'n1 are all ,i d>e n[ call my own4--,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #cdg4 ,= ?\ ! g>l& we>/ successively4--,%ak4 cor42 also ,enfield4 ,if !n ?\ art a ,roman1 take x =?4--,id4 ,if ?\ prove ?is to be real1 ?\ mu/ be a sm>t lad inde$4--,neef cor4 ,& an o!r bridge ( f\r hundr$ feet 9 l5g?4--,brightl& cor4 ,,metonymy is ! putt+ ( "o "n = an o!r1 on acc\nt ( ! ne> relation :i* !re is betwe5 !m4--,fi%] cor4 ,,antonomasia is ! putt+ ( an appellative or common "n = a prop] "n4--,id4 ,t x is ,i1 %\ld make no diff]5ce 9 y\r det]m9ation4--,bullions cor4 ,! fir/ & second pages are torn4 ,or4 ,! fir/ & ! second page are torn4 ,or3 ,! fir/ page & ! second are torn4--,id4 ,john's abs5ce f home occasion$ ! delay4--,id4 ,8 neglect ( opportunities = improvem5t1 0 ! cause ( 8 disgrace4--,id4 ,he w regret 8 neglect ( 8 opportunities = improvem5t1 :5 x is too late4--,id4 ,8 exp]tness at danc+ does n entitle him to our reg>d4--,id4 ,cs> w5t back to ,rome1 to take possession ( ! public treasure1 :i* 8 oppon5t1 by a mo/ unacc\ntable ov]sight1 _h neglect$ to c>ry away ) him4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,& ,cs> took out ( ! treasury1 gold to ! am\nt ( ?ree ?\s& p\nds' weight1 besides an imm5se quantity ( silv]4 #edh--;,id4 ,rules & def9itions1 :i* %\ld always be z cle> & intelligible z possible1 are ?us r5d]$ obscure4--,gre5leaf cor4 ,s mu* bo? ( ability & ( m]it is seldom f\nd4 ,or ?us3 ,s mu* ( bo? ability & m]it is seldom f\nd4#edi--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,if su* maxims1 & su* practices prevail1 :at has become ( dec5cy & virtue8#eej--,murray's ,false ,syntax1 ii1 #fb4 ,or3 ,if su* maxims & practices prevail1 :at w become ( dec5cy & virtue8--,murray & ,bullions cor4 ,especially if ! subject does n require s mu* pomp4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,h[ev]1 ! prop] mixture ( light & %ade 9 su* compositions1--! exact adju/m5t ( all ! figurative circum/ances ) ! lit]al s5se1--has ev] be5 f\nd an affair ( great nicety4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aea4 ,& add+ to t hiss+ 9 our language1 :i* is s mu* notic$ by =eign]s4--,addison1 ,coote1 & ,murray1 cor4 ,to speak impati5tly to s]vants1 or to d any ?+ t betrays unk9dness1 or ill-hum\r1 is c]ta9ly crim9al4 ,or bett]3 ,impati5ce1 unk9dness1 or ill-hum\r1 is c]ta9ly crim9al4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,"h are a fullness & gr&eur ( expression1 well suit$ to ! subject4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,i s+le out ,/rada f among ! mod]ns1 because he _h ! fooli% presumption to c5sure ,tacitus4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,i s+le him out f among ! mod]ns1 because1 c4--,bol+broke cor4 ,?is rule is n always obs]v$1 ev5 by good writ]s1 s /rictly z x ought to be4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,b ?is gravity & assurance1 :i* are beyond boyhood1 be+ nei!r wisdom nor k1 d nev] rea* to manhood4--,pope cor4 ,! regul>ity & poli% ev5 ( a turnpike-road1 h "s influ5ce ^u ! l[ p 9 ! neighb\rhood4--,kames cor4 ,!y become fond ( regul>ity & neatness2 & ?is improvem5t ( _! ta/e is display$1 fir/ ^u _! y>ds & little enclosures1 & next )9 doors4--,id4 ,! phrase1 'x is impossible to exi/1' gives u ! idea1 t x is impossible = m51 or any body1 to exi/4--,prie/ley cor4 ,i'll give a ?\s& p\nds to look ^u him4--,%ak4 cor4 ,! read]'s k1 z ,dr4 ,campbell obs]ves1 may prev5t him f mi/ak+ x4--,crombie & ,murray cor4 ,:5 two words are set 9 contra/1 or 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 !y are bo? emphatic4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! numb] ( ! p]sons--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--:o 7 lo/ 9 ! sea1 0 v great4 ,or ?us3 ,! numb] ( p]sons--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--t 7 lo/ 9 ! sea1 0 v great4--,id4 ,nor is ! resemblance betwe5 ! prim>y & ! resembl+ object po9t$ out4--,jamieson cor4 ,i ?9k x ! be/ book ( ! k9d1 t ,i h met )4--,ma!ws cor4 ,:y %\ld n we _! anci5t rites re/ore1 ,& be :at ,rome or ,a!ns 0 be=e8--,roscommon cor4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,,two ,,errors4 ,x is lab\r only t gives reli% to pleasure4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,groves are nev] m agreeable ?an 9 ! op5+ ( spr+4--,id4 ,8 ,philosophical ,inquiry into ! ,orig9 ( our ,ideas ( ! ,sublime & ! ,beautiful1 soon made him kn[n to ! lit]ati4--,see ,blair's ,lect41 pp4 #cd & #de4 ,an awful precipice or t[] f :i* we look d[n on ! objects :i* are bel[4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,?is passage1 ?\gh v poetical1 is1 h[ev]1 h>% & obscure2 & = no o!r cause ?an ?is1 t ?ree di/9ct metaphors are cr[d$ toge!r4--,id4 ,i purpose to make "s obs]vations4--,id4 ,i %all "h foll[ ! same me?od t ,i h all along pursu$4--,id4 ,mank9d at no o!r "t resemble "o an o!r s mu* z !y d 9 ! beg9n+s ( society4--,id4 ,b no e> is s5sible ( ! t]m9ation ( ea* foot1 9 ! read+ ( a hexamet] l9e4--,id4 ,! fir/ ?+1 says he1 t a writ] ei!r ( fables or ( h]oic poems does1 is1 to *oose "s maxim or po9t ( morality4--,id4 ,! f\r? book has always be5 mo/ ju/ly admir$1 & inde$ x ab\nds ) beauties ( ! highe/ k9d4--,id4 ,!re is 9 ! poem no attempt t[>ds ! pa9t+ ( *>act]s4--,id4 ,b ! artificial contra/+ ( *>act]s1 & ! con/ant introduc+ ( !m 9 pairs & by opposites1 give too !atrical & affect$ an air to ! piece4--,id4 ,nei!r ( !m is arbitr>y or local4--,kames cor4 ,if ! cr[d+ ( figures is bad1 x is /ill worse to graft "o figure ^u an o!r4--,id4 ,! cr[d+-toge!r ( s _m objects less5s ! pleasure4--,id4 ,?is !re=e lies n 9 ! putt+-(f ( ! hat1 nor 9 ! mak+ ( complim5ts4--,locke cor4 ,b ! ,sam>itan ,vau may h be5 us$1 z ! ,jews us$ ! ,*aldaic1 bo? = a v[el & = a consonant4--,wilson cor4 ,b if a solemn & a famili> pronunciation really exi/ 9 our language1 is x n ! bus9ess ( a gramm>ian to m>k bo?8--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,by mak+ s\nds foll[ "o an o!r agreeably to c]ta9 laws4--,g>d9] cor4 ,if !re 7 no dr9k+ ( intoxicat+ draughts1 !re c\ld be no drunk>ds4--,peirce cor4 ,socrates knew 8 own defects1 & if he 0 pr\d ( any ?+1 x 0 ( be+ ?\ght to h none4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,lys&]1 hav+ br\ght 8 army to ,ephesus1 erect$ an ars5al = ! build+ ( galleys4--,id4 ,! use ( ^! signs is wor?y ( rem>k4--,brightl& cor4 ,he receiv$ me 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* ,i w\ld receive y4 ,or ?us3 ,he receiv$ me z ,i w\ld receive y4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,consi/+ ( bo? ! direct & ! collat]al evid5ce4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,if any man or woman t believe? ha? wid[s1 let him or h] relieve !m1 & let n ! *ur* be *>g$4--,bible cor4 ,= m5's sake are bea/s br$4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,f ?ree o'clock1 !re 7 dr9k+ & gam+4--,id4 ,is ?is he t ,i am seek+1 or n8--,id4 ,& = ! uphold+ ( e "o's own op9ion1 !re is s mu* ado4--,sewel cor4 ,"s ( !m1 h[ev]1 w necess>ily be notic$4--,sale cor4 ,! boys conduct$ !mselves v indiscreetly4--,m]*ant cor4 ,_! example1 _! influ5ce1 _! =tune1--e tal5t !y possess1--disp5ses bless+s on all p]sons ar\nd !m4--,id4 & ,murray cor4 ,! two ,reynoldses reciprocally conv]t$ ea* o!r4--,johnson cor4 ,! de/roy+ ( ! la/ two1 ,tacitus calls an attack ^u virtue itself4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,moneys are y\r suit4--,%ak4 cor4 ,* is commonly s\nd$ l t*1 z 9 *ur*2 b 9 words d]iv$ f ,greek1 x has ! s\nd ( k4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:5 "o is oblig$ to make "s ut5sil s]ve = purposes to :i* x 0 n orig9ally de/9$4--,campbell cor4 ,b t a baptism ) wat] is a wa%+-away ( s91 ?\ can/ n h5ce prove4--,b>clay cor4 ,be+ spok5 to b "o1 x inf]s no univ]sal comm&4--,id4 ,= if ! lay+-aside ( copulatives gives =ce & livel9ess1 a r$undancy ( !m mu/ r5d] ! p]iod languid4--,bu*anan cor4 ,james us$ to comp>e him to a cat1 :i* always falls ^u h] legs4--,adam cor4 ,f ! l[ e>? aspir+ g5ius spr+s1 ,& sails triumphant borne on eagle's w+s4--,lloyd cor4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,,two ,,errors ,an o/5tati\s1 a feeble1 a h>%1 or an obscure /yle1 = in/ance1 is always faulty4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,yet 9 ?is we f9d t ! ,engli% pron\nce q agreeably to rule4 ,or ?us3 ,yet 9 ?is we f9d ! ,engli% pronunciation p]fectly agreeable to rule4 ,or ?us3 ,yet 9 ?is we f9d t ! ,engli% pron\nce 9 a mann] p]fectly agreeable to rule4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,b nei!r ! p]ception ( ideas1 nor k ( any sort1 is a habit1 ?\gh absolutely necess>y to ! =m+ ( habits4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,!y 7 ca/2 & a heavy f9e 0 impos$ ^u !m4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,)\t mak+ ?is reflection1 he _c ent] into ! _s ( ! au?or1 or reli% ! composition4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! s*ol> %\ld be in/ruct$ 9 relation to ! f9d+ ( 8 words4 ,or ?us3 ,! s*ol> %\ld be told h[ to f9d 8 words4--,osborn cor4 ,& !re=e !y c\ld nei!r h =g$1 nor h rev]sifi$ !m4--,knight cor4 ,a disp5s>y is a place at :i* m$ic9es are disp5s$ to ! poor4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,bo? ! connexion & ! numb] ( words are det]m9$ by g5]al laws4--,neef cor4 ,an ,anape/ has ! fir/ two syllables unacc5t$1 & ! la/ "o acc5t$2 z1 contravene1 acquisce4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,an explicative s5t5ce is "o 9 :i* a ?+ is said1 9 a direct mann]1 to be or n to be1 to d or n to d1 to suff] or n to suff]4--,l[? & ,mur4 cor4 ,,b is a conjunction :5ev] x is nei!r an adv]b nor a preposition4 #eea--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,he wrote 9 ! "n ( ,k+ ,ahasu]us1 & seal$ ! writ+ ) ! k+'s r+4--,bible cor4 ,camm & ,audl& _h dep>t$ f ! t[n be=e ?is "t4--,sewel cor4 ,be=e !y w rel9qui% ! practice1 !y mu/ be conv9c$4--,web/] cor4 ,:i* he _h ?r[n up be=e he set out4--,grim%aw cor4 ,he left to him ! value ( a hundr$ dra*ms 9 ,p]sian money4--,spect cor4 ,all t ! m9d c ev] contemplate conc]n+ !m1 mu/ be divid$ among ! ?ree4--,c>dell cor4 ,tom ,puzzle is "o ( ! mo/ em95t imme?odical disputants1 ( all t h fall5 "u my obs]vation4--,spect4 cor4 ,:5 y h once got him to ?9k himself comp5sat$ = 8 suff]+1 by ! praise :i* is giv5 him = 8 c\rage4--,locke cor4 ,9 all matt]s 9 :i* simple reason1 or m]e speculation is conc]n$4--,%]idan cor4 ,& !re=e he %\ld be sp>$ f ! tr\ble ( att5d+ to any?+ else ?an 8 mean+4--,id4 ,x is ?is k9d ( phraseology t is di/+ui%$ by ! epi!t idiomatical2 a species t 0 orig9ally ! spawn1 p>tly ( ignorance1 & p>tly ( affectation4--,campbell & ,murray cor4 ,t nei!r ! inflection nor ! lett]s are su* z c\ld h be5 employ$ by ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,latium4--,knight cor4 ,9 ^? cases 9 :i* ! v]b is int5d$ to be appli$ to any "o ( ! t]ms4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,b ^! p :o "k n ! law1 are accurs$4--,bible cor4 ,& ! magnitude ( ! *oruses has weight & sublimity4--,g>d9] cor4 ,d>es he d5y t !re are "s ( 8 frat]nity guilty8--,b>clay cor4 ,giv+ an acc\nt ( mo/1 if n all1 ( ! pap]s :i* _h pass$ betwixt !m4--,id4 ,9 ?is mann]1 z to bo? p>s+ & correct+1 %\ld all ! rules ( syntax be treat$1 be+ tak5 up regul>ly accord+ to _! ord]4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,to ,ov&o 7 all[$ a brilliant ret9ue & a body-gu>d4--,sket* cor4 ,0 x ,i or he1 t y reque/$ to g8--,kirkham cor4 ,let !e & me g on4--,bunyan cor4 ,?is ,i n[h]e affirm$2 & ,i d :olly d5y x4--,b>clay cor4 ,b t ,i d5y2 & x rema9s = him to prove x4--,id4 ,our c\ntry s9ks b5ea? ! yoke3 ,%e weeps1 %e ble$s1 & ea* new day a ga% ,is add$ to h] w\nds4--,%ak4 cor4 ,?\ art ! ,"l :o *ose ,abraham & br\ght him =? out ( ,ur ( ! ,*aldees4--,bible & ,mur4 cor4 ,he is ! exhau/less f\nta91 f :i* emanate all ^! attributes t exi/ ?r\gh\t ?is wide creation4--,wayl& cor4 ,i am he :o has commun$ ) ! son ( ,neocles2 ,i am he :o has ent]$ ! g>d5s ( pleasure4--,wright cor4 ,su* 7 9 anci5t times ! tales receiv$1 ,su* by our good =efa!rs 7 believ$4--,r[e cor4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,,two ,,errors4 ,! n\n or pron\n t /&s be=e ! active v]b1 usually repres5ts ! ag5t4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,su* seem to h be5 ! mus+s ( our h]o ( ! gramm>-quill1 :5 he p5n$ ! fir/ "p ( 8 gramm>4--,m]*ant cor4 ,two dots1 ! "o plac$ above ! o!r 31 are call$ ,%eva1 & are us$ to repres5t a v %ort e4--,wilson cor4 ,great h be51 & are1 ! obscurity & difficulty1 9 ! nature & application ( !m 3 i4e4--( natural rem$ies4--,butl] cor4 ,z two are to f\r1 s are f\r to eight4--,ev]e/ cor4 ,! inv5tion & use ( ari?metic1 rea* back to a p]iod s remote1 z to be beyond ! k ( hi/ory4-- ,rob]tson cor4 ,:at x pres5ts z objects ( contemplation or enjoym5t1 fill & satisfy 8 m9d4--,id4 ,if he d>es n say !y are1 z ,i "k he d>es n1 h[ mu/ ,i !n di/+ui%8--,b>clay cor4 ,he _h n[ gr[n s fond ( solitude1 t all company _h become uneasy to him4--,life ( ,cic4 cor4 ,viol5ce & spoil are he>d 9 h]2 be=e me cont9ually are grief & w\nds4--,bible cor4 ,bayle's ,intellig5ce f ! ,republic ( ,lett]s1 :i* makes elev5 volumes 9 duodecimo1 is truly a model 9 ?is k9d4--,=mey cor4 ,pauses1 to be r5d]$ pleas+ & expressive1 mu/ n only be made 9 ! "r place1 b also be accompani$ ) a prop] tone ( voice4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,to oppose ! op9ions & rectify ! mi/akes ( o!rs1 is :at tru? & s9c]ity sometimes require ( u4--,locke cor4 ,x is v probable1 t ?is assembly 0 call$1 to cle> "s d\bt :i* ! k+ _h1 :e!r x 7 lawful = ! ,holl&]s to ?r[ (f ! mon>*y ( ,spa91 & )draw entirely _! allegiance to t cr[n4 ,or3--,ab\t ! lawfulness ( ! ,holl&]s' rejection ( ! mon>*y ( ,spa91 & entire )drawm5t ( _! allegiance to t cr[n4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,a nam+ ( ! numb]s & cases ( a n\n 9 _! ord]1 is call$ ! decl9+ ( x1 or its decl5sion4--,fro/ cor4 ,! embody+ ( !m is1 !re=e1 only a collect+ ( su* compon5t p>ts ( words4--,t[n cor4 ,! "o is ! voice he>d :5 ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$2 ! o!r1 :5 he 0 transfigur$4--,b>clay cor4 ,an und]/&+ ( ! lit]al s5se--or1 ,to h und]/ood ! lit]al s5se1 w\ld n h prev5t$ !m f condemn+ ! guiltless4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,z if ?is 71 to take ! execution ( ju/ice out ( ! h&s ( ,god1 & to give x to nature4--,id4 ,!y w say1 y mu/ conceal ?is good op9ion ( y\rself2 :i* yet is an all[+ ( ! ?+1 ?\gh n ( ! %[+ ( x4 ,or3--:i* yet is1 to all[ ! ?+1 ?\gh n ! %[+ ( x4--,%effield cor4 ,s z to signify n only ! do+ ( an action1 b ! caus+ ( x to be done4--,pike cor4 ,?is1 c]ta9ly1 0 bo? a divid+ ( ! unity ( ,god1 & a limit+ ( 8 imm5sity4--,calv9 cor4 ,tones be+ inf9ite 9 numb]1 & v>y+ 9 almo/ e individual1 ! arrang+ ( !m "u di/9ct heads1 & ! r$uc+ ( !m to any fix$ & p]man5t rules1 may be consid]$ z ! la/ ref9em5t 9 language4--,knight cor4 ,! fi]ce ang] ( ! ,"l %all n return1 until he ha? done x1 & until he ha? p]=m$ ! int5ts ( 8 he>t4--,bible cor4 ,we seek = de$s m illu/ri\s & h]oic1 = ev5ts m div]sifi$ & surpris+4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,we di/+ui% ! g5d]s1 or ! male & ! female sex1 9 f\r diff]5t ways4--,bu*anan cor4 ,?us1 * & g are ev] h>d4 ,x is !re=e prop] to reta9 ^! s\nds 9 ^? ,hebrew names :i* h n be5 mod]niz$1 or *ang$ by public use4--,dr4 ,wilson cor4 ,a ,sub/antive1 or ,n\n1 is ! "n ( any ?+ :i* is conceiv$ to subsi/1 or ( :i* we h any notion4--,murray & ,l[? cor4 ,a ,n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ :i* exi/s1 or ( :i* we h1 or c =m1 an idea4--,maund] cor4 ,a ,n\n is ! "n ( any ?+ 9 exi/5ce1 or ( any ?+ ( :i* we c =m an idea4--,id4 ,! next ?+ to be att5d$ to1 is1 to keep him exactly to ! speak+ ( tru?4--,locke cor4 ,! mat]ial1 ! vegetable1 & ! animal _w1 receive ?is influ5ce accord+ to _! sev]al capacities4--,dial cor4 ,& yet x is fairly def5sible on ! pr9ciples ( ! s*oolm52 if ^? ?+s c be call$ pr9ciples1 :i* consi/ m]ely 9 words4--,campbell cor4 ,art ?\ s b>e1 & full ( wret*$ness1 ,& fe>/ to die8 ,fam9e is 9 ?y *eeks1 ,ne$ & oppression />ve 9 ?y sunk eyes4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,,?ree ,,errors4 ,! silv] age is reckon$ to h comm5c$ at ! dea? ( ,augu/us1 & to h cont9u$ till ! end ( ,trajan's reign4--,g\ld cor4 ,language has inde$ become1 9 mod]n times1 m correct1 & m det]m9ate4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,x is evid5t1 t ^? words are ! mo/ agreeable to ! e>1 :i* are compos$ ( smoo? & liquid s\nds1 & 9 :i* !re is a prop] int]mixture ( v[els & consonants4--,id4 ,x w\ld h _h no o!r effect1 ?an to add to ! s5t5ce an unnecess>y ^w4--,id4 ,b z rum\rs arose1 t ! judges _h be5 corrupt$ by money 9 ?is cause1 ^! gave occasion to mu* popul> clam\r1 & ?rew a heavy odium on ,clu5tius4--,id4 ,a ,p>ticiple is d]iv$ f a v]b1 & p>takes ( ! nature bo? ( ! v]b & ( an adjective4--,a% & ,devis cor4 ,i %all h le>n$ my gramm> be=e y w h le>n$ y\rs4--,wilbur & ,liv+/on cor4 ,!re is no o!r e>?ly object capable ( mak+ s v>i\s & s =cible impressions ^u ! human m9d1 z a complete speak]4--,p]ry cor4 ,x 0 n ! c>ry+ ( ! bag1 t made ,judas a ?ief & a hirel+4--,s\? cor4 ,z ! reasonable s\l & ! fle% are "o man1 s ,god & man are "o ,*ri/4--,cre$ cor4 ,& ,i w say to !m :o 7 n my p1 ,ye are my p2 & !y %all say1 ,?\ art our ,god4--,bible cor4 ,:]e !re is 9 ! s5se no?+ t requires ! la/ s\nd to be elevat$ or susp5d$1 an easy fall1 suffici5t to %[ t ! s5se is f9i%$1 w be prop]4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,ea* p>ty produce words 9 :i* ! lett] a is s\nd$ 9 ! mann] = :i* !y cont5d4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,to c\nt5ance p]sons t are guilty ( bad actions1 is sc>cely "o remove f an actual commission ( ! same crimes4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ',to c\nt5ance p]sons t are guilty ( bad actions1' is a phrase or clause :i* is made ! subject ( ! v]b 'is4'--,id4 ,:at is call$ ! splitt+ ( p>ticles1--t is1 ! sep>at+ ( a preposition f ! n\n :i* x gov]ns1 is always to be avoid$4--,dr4 ,blair et al4 cor4 7,see ,obs4 #ae? on ,rule #bc;d47 ,!re is prop]ly b "o pause1 or re/1 9 ! s5t5ce2 & ?is falls betwixt ! two memb]s into :i* ! s5t5ce is divid$4--,iid4 ,to g b>efoot1 does n at all help a man on1 9 ! way to heav54--,/eele cor4 ,!re is nobody :o does n condemn ?is 9 o!rs1 ?\gh _m ov]look x 9 !mselves4--,locke cor4 ,be c>eful n to use ! same ^w 9 ! same s5t5ce ei!r too frequ5tly or 9 diff]5t s5ses4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,no?+ c\ld h made h] m unhappy1 ?an to h m>ri$ a man ( su* pr9ciples4--,id4 ,a w>like1 v>i\s1 & tragical age is ! be/ to write (1 b ! wor/ to write 94--,c[ley cor4 ,:5 ?\ in/ance/ ,pet]'s babtiz+ sic--,,k? ( ,cornelius4--,b>clay cor4 ,to introduce two or m lead+ ?\ghts or topics1 :i* h no natural aff9ity or mutual dep5d5ce4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,animals1 aga91 are fitt$ to "o an o!r1 & to ! elem5ts or regions 9 :i* !y live1 & to :i* !y are z app5dices4--,id4 ,?is melody1 h[ev]1 or s frequ5t v>y+ ( ! s\nd ( ea* ^w1 is a pro( ( no?+1 b ( ! f9e e> ( t p4--,jamieson cor4 ,!y c1 ea* 9 its turn1 be us$ ^u occasion4--,duncan cor4 ,9 ?is reign1 liv$ ! poets ,g[] & ,*auc]1 :o are ! fir/ au?ors t c prop]ly be said to h writt5 ,engli%4--,bucke cor4 ,9 translat+ expressions ( ?is k9d1 consid] ! phrase 'x is' z if x 7 !y are4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,! *9 has an important (fice to p]=m2 =1 by ! degree ( its activity1 we disclose ei!r a polite or a vulg> pronunciation4--,g>d9] cor4 ,= no o!r reason1 ?an t he 0 f\nd 9 bad company4--,web/] cor4 ,x is usual to comp>e !m aft] ! mann] ( polysyllables4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! inf9itive mood is recogniz$ m easily ?an any o!r1 because ! preposition ,,to prec$es x4--,bucke cor4 ,prepositions1 y recollect1 connect words1 & s d conjunctions3 h[1 !n1 c y tell a conjunction f a preposition8 ,or3--h[1 !n1 c y di/+ui% ! =m] f ! latt]8--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,no k9d ( "w requires a nic] t\*1 ,&1 ?is well f9i%'d1 none else %9es s mu*4 --,%effield cor4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,,?ree ,,errors4 ,on _m occasions1 x is ! f9al pause alone1 t m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 prose & v]se3 ?is w be evid5t f ! foll[+ arrangem5t ( a few poetical l9es4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,i %all d all ,i c to p]suade o!rs to take = _! cure ! same measures t ,i h tak5 = m9e4--,gu>dian cor42 also ,murray4 ,x is ! nature ( extreme self-lov]s1 t !y w set a h\se on fire1 z x 71 b to roa/ _! eggs4--,bacon cor4 ,did ev] man /ruggle m e>ne/ly 9 a cause 9 :i* bo? 8 hon\r & 8 life 7 conc]n$8--,duncan cor4 ,s ! re/s1 or pauses1 :i* sep>ate s5t5ces or _! p>ts1 are m>k$ by po9ts4--,l[? cor4 ,yet ! case & mood are n influ5c$ by !m1 b are det]m9$ by ! nature ( ! s5t5ce4--,id4 ,?r\gh inatt5tion to ?is rule1 _m errors h be5 committ$3 sev]al ( :i* are "h subjo9$1 z a fur!r caution & direction to ! le>n]4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?\gh ?\ clo! ?yself ) crimson1 ?\gh ?\ deck !e ) ornam5ts ( gold1 ?\gh ?\ poli% ?y face ) pa9t+1 9 va9 %alt ?\ make ?yself fair4 #eeb--;,bible cor4 ,b t ! do+ ( good to o!rs1 w make u happy1 is n s evid5t2 ! fe$+ ( ! hungry1 = example1 or ! clo?+ ( ! nak$4 ,or3 ,b t1 to d good to o!rs1 w make u happy1 is n s evid5t2 to fe$ ! hungry1 = example1 or to clo! ! nak$4--,kames cor4 ,!re is no o!r ,god ?an he1 no o!r light ?an 84 ,or3 ,!re is no ,god b he1 no light b 84--,p5n cor4 ,h[ little reason is !re to wond]1 t a p[]ful & accompli%$ orator %\ld be "o ( ! *>act]s t are mo/ r>ely f\nd4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,because !y express nei!r ! do+ nor ! receiv+ ( an action4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,to f9d ! answ]s1 w require an ef=t ( m9d2 &1 :5 "r answ]s are giv51 !y w be ! result ( reflection1 & %[ t ! subject is und]/ood4--,id4 ',! sun rises1' is an expression trite & common2 b ! same idea becomes a magnific5t image1 :5 express$ 9 ! language ( ,mr4 ,?omson4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! decl9+ ( a ^w is ! giv+ ( its diff]5t end+s4 ,or3 ,to decl9e a ^w1 is to give x diff]5t end+s4--,w>e cor4 ,& s mu* are !y = all[+ e "o to foll[ 8 own m9d4--,b>clay cor4 ,m ?an "o ov]ture = peace 7 made1 b ,cleon prev5t$ !m f tak+ effect4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,nei!r 9 ,engli%1 nor 9 any o!r language1 is ?is ^w1 or t :i* corresponds to x 9 mean+1 any m an article1 ?an ,,two1 ,,?ree1 or ,,f\r4--,web/] cor4 ,b ! mo/ irksome conv]sation ( all t ,i h met ) 9 ! neighb\rhood1 has be5 ) two or ?ree ( y\r travell]s4--,spect4 cor4 ,set d[n ! fir/ two t]ms ( ! supposition1 "o "u ! o!r1 9 ! fir/ place4--,smiley cor4 ,x is a useful practice too1 to fix "o's eye on "s ( ! mo/ di/ant p]sons 9 ! assembly4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,he w g5]ally please 8 he>]s mo/1 :5 to please !m is n 8 sole or 8 *ief aim4--,id4 ,at l5g?1 ! consuls return to ! camp1 & in=m ! soldi]s1 t !y c\ld obta9 = !m no o!r t]ms ?an ^? ( surr5d]+ _! arms & pass+ "u ! yoke4--,id4 ,nor are mank9d s mu* to blame1 9 _! *oice ?us det]m9+ !m4--,swift cor4 ,^! =ms are :at are call$ ! ,numb]s4 ,or3 ,^! =ms are call$ ,numb]s4--,fosdick cor4 ,9 ^? languages :i* admit b two g5d]s1 all n\ns are ei!r mascul9e or fem99e1 ev5 ?\gh !y designate be+s t are nei!r male nor female4--,id4 ,x is call$ ,v]b or ,^w by way ( em95ce1 because x is ! mo/ ess5tial ^w 9 a s5t5ce1 & "o )\t :i* ! o!r p>ts ( spee* _c =m any complete s5se4--,g\ld cor4 ,! s5t5ce w consi/ ( two memb]s1 & ^! w commonly be sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a comma4--,jamieson cor4 ,l\d & s(t 9 speak+ are l ! =t & piano 9 music2 !y only ref] to ! diff]5t degrees ( =ce us$ 9 ! same key3 :]eas high & l[ imply a *ange ( key4--,%]idan cor4 ,!y are *iefly ?ree3 ! acquisition ( k2 ! assi/+ ( ! memory to treasure up ?is k2 & ! communicat+ ( x to o!rs4--,id4 ,?is k9d ( knaves ,i "k1 :o 9 ?is pla9ness ,h>b\r m craft1 & hide corrupt] ends1 ,?an tw5ty silly duck+ obs]vants4--,%ak4 cor4 ,,lesson ,,xvii4--,,_m ,,errors4 ,a man w be =giv51 ev5 = great errors1 committ$ 9 a =eign language2 b1 9 ! use he makes ( 8 own1 ev5 ! lea/ slips are ju/ly po9t$ out & ridicul$4--,am]4 ,*e/]field cor4 ,,let expresses n only p]mission1 b entreaty1 exhortation1 & comm&4--,l[? cor42 also ,murray1 et al4 ,t dea? :i* is our leav+ ( ?is _w1 is no?+ else ?an ! putt+-(f ( ^! bodies4--,%]lock cor4 ,!y diff] f ! sa9ts record$ 9 ei!r ! ,old or ! ,new ,te/am5t4--,newton cor4 ,! nature ( relation1 !re=e1 consi/s 9 ! ref]r+ or comp>+ ( two ?+s to ea* o!r2 f :i* comp>ison1 "o or bo? come to be d5om9at$4--,locke cor4 ,x is n cr$ible1 t !re is any "o :o w say1 t ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( 8 life he has kept himself entirely undefil$1 )\t ! lea/ spot or /a9 ( s94--,witsius cor4 ,if to act con=mably to ! w ( our ,creator1--if to promote ! welf>e ( mank9d ar\nd u1--if to secure our own happ9ess1 is an object ( ! highe/ mom5t2 !n are we l\dly call$ ^u to cultivate & ext5d ! great int]e/s ( religion & virtue4 ,or3 ,if1 to act con=mably to ! w ( our ,creator1 to promote ! welf>e ( mank9d ar\nd u1 & to secure our own happ9ess1 are objects ( ! highe/ mom5t2 !n1 c4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,! v]b be+ 9 ! plural numb]1 x is suppos$1 t ! (fic] & 8 gu>d are jo9t ag5ts4 ,b ?is is n ! case3 ! only nom9ative to ! v]b is '(fic]4' ,9 ! expression1 ') 8 gu>d1' ! n\n 'gu>d' is 9 ! objective case1 be+ gov]n$ by ! preposition )2 & consequ5tly x _c =m ! nom9ative1 or any "p ( x4 ,! prom95t subject = ! agreem5t1 ! true nom9ative to ! v]b1 or ! t]m to :i* ! v]b peculi>ly ref]s1 is ! ^w '(fic]4'--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is is an o!r use1 t1 9 my op9ion1 contributes to make a man le>n$ r ?an wise2 & is incapable ( pleas+ ei!r ! und]/&+ or ! imag9ation4--,addison cor4 ,! "w is a dull p]=mance2 & is incapable ( pleas+ ei!r ! und]/&+ or ! imag9ation4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,i w\ld recomm5d ! ',elem5ts ( ,engli% ,gramm>1' by ,mr4 ,fro/4 ,! plan ( ?is little "w is simil> to t ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,murray's smalle/ ,gramm>2 b1 9 ord] to meet ! und]/&+ ( *ildr51 its def9itions & language are simplifi$1 s f> z ! nature ( ! subject w admit4 ,x also embraces m examples = ,p>s+1 ?an are usual 9 elem5t>y treatises4--,s4 ,r4 ,hall cor4 ,m ra9 falls 9 ! fir/ two summ] mon?s1 ?an 9 ! fir/ two mon?s ( w9t]2 b :at falls1 makes a mu* great] %[ ^u ! e>?1 9 w9t] ?an 9 summ]1 because !re is a mu* sl[] evaporation4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!y (t5 contribute also to r5d] "s p]sons prosp]\s1 ?\gh wick$2 &1 :at is /ill worse1 to rew>d "s actions1 ?\gh vici\s2 & puni% o!r actions1 ?\gh virtu\s4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,h5ce1 to su* a man1 arise naturally a secret satisfaction1 a s5se ( security1 & an implicit hope ( some:at fur!r4--,id4 ,s mu* = ! ?ird & la/ cause ( illusion1 t 0 notic$ above2 :i* arises f ! abuse ( v g5]al & ab/ract t]ms2 & :i* is ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! abundant nons5se t has be5 v5t$ by metaphysicians1 my/agogues1 & !ologians4--,campbell cor4 ,z to ^? animals :i* are less common1 or :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! places !y inhabit1 fall less "u our obs]vation1 z fi%es & birds1 or :i* _! dim9utive size removes /ill fur!r f our obs]vation1 we g5]ally1 9 ,engli%1 employ a s+le n\n to designate bo? g5d]s1 ! mascul9e & ! fem99e4--,fosdick cor4 ,adjectives may always be di/+ui%$ by _! relation to o!r words3 !y express ! quality1 condition1 or numb]1 ( :atev] ?+s are m5tion$4--,emmons cor4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b2 & g5]ally expresses "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #bi4 ,! jo9+-toge!r ( two objects1 s gr&1 & ! repres5t+ ( !m bo?1 z subject at "o mom5t to ! comm& ( ,god1 produce a noble effect4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,twi/$ columns1 = in/ance1 are und\bt$ly ornam5tal2 b1 z !y h an appe>ance ( weakness1 !y displease ! eye1 :5ev] !y are us$ to support any massy "p ( a build+1 or :at seems to require a m sub/antial prop4--,id4 ,9 a va/ numb] ( inscriptions1 "s ^u rocks1 "s ^u /ones ( a def9$ %ape1 is f\nd an ,alphabet diff]5t f ! ,greeks'1 ! ,lat9s'1 & ! ,hebrews'1 & also unlike t ( any mod]n nation4--,w4 ,c4 ,f[l] cor4 ,,lesson ,,xviii4--,,_m ,,errors4 ,! empire ( ,blefuscu is an isl& situat$ on ! nor!a/ side ( ,lilliput1 f :i* x is p>t$ by a *annel ( only #hjj y>ds 9 wid?4--,swift & ,kames cor4 ,! nom9ative case usually d5otes ! ag5t or do]2 & any n\n or pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 is always 9 ?is case4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,!re are1 9 8 allegorical p]sonages1 an orig9ality1 a ri*ness1 & a v>iety1 :i* almo/ vie ) ! spl5d\rs ( ! anci5t my?ology4--,hazlitt cor4 ,z nei!r ! ,jewi% nor ! ,*ri/ian revelation has be5 univ]sal1 & z ea* has be5 af=d$ to a great] or a less "p ( ! _w at diff]5t times2 s likewise1 at diff]5t times1 bo? revelations h _h diff]5t degrees ( evid5ce4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,?us we see1 t1 to kill a man ) a sword1 & to kill "o ) a hat*et1 are look$ ^u z no di/9ct species ( action2 b1 if ! po9t ( ! sword fir/ ent] ! body1 ! action passes = a di/9ct species1 call$ /abb+4--,locke cor4 ,if a s\l s91 & commit a trespass aga9/ ! ,"l1 & lie unto 8 neighb\r conc]n+ t :i* 0 deliv]$ him to keep1 or deceive 8 neighb\r1 or f9d t :i* 0 lo/1 & lie conc]n+ x1 & swe> falsely2 9 any ( all ^! t a man doe?1 s9n+ !re91 !n x %all be1 c4--,bible cor4 ,z1 to d & tea* ! comm&m5ts ( ,god1 is ! great pro( ( virtue2 s1 to break !m1 & to tea* o!rs to break !m1 are ! great pro(s ( vice4--,wayl& cor4 ,! latt] simile1 9 ,pope's t]rific maltreatm5t ( x1 is true nei!r to ! m9d nor to ! eye4--,col]idge cor4 ,& ! two bro!rs 7 se51 transport$ ) rage & fury1 l ,eteocles & ,polynices1 ea* endeav\r+ to plunge 8 sword into ! o!r's he>t1 & to assure himself ( ! ?rone by ! dea? ( 8 rival4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,is x n pla91 !re=e1 t nei!r ! ca/le1 nor ! planet1 nor ! cl\d1 :i* y "h see1 is t real "o :i* y suppose to exi/ at a di/ance8--,b]kley cor4 ,i h (t5 wond]$1 h[ x comes to pass1 t e body %\ld love himself be/1 & yet value 8 neighb\rs' op9ion ab\t himself m ?an 8 own4--,colli] cor4 ,virtue1 7,greek3 ,aret1 ,virtus17 z well z mo/ ( its species1 :5 sex is figuratively ascrib$ to x1 is made fem99e1 p]haps f its beauty & amiable appe>ance4--,h>ris cor4 ,virtue1 ) mo/ ( its species1 is made fem99e :5 p]sonifi$2 & s is ,vice1 p]haps = be+ ,virtue's opposite4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor42 also ,bu*anan4 ,f ?is d$uction1 x may easily be se51 h[ x comes to pass1 t p]sonification makes s great a figure 9 all compositions 9 :i* imag9ation or passion has any conc]n4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,an ,article is a ^w plac$ be=e a n\n1 to po9t x out z su*1 & to %[ h[ f> its signification ext5ds4--,folk] cor4 ,all m5 h c]ta9 natural1 ess5tial1 & inh]5t rights2--among :i* are ! rights ( enjoy+ & def5d+ life & lib]ty2 ( acquir+1 possess+1 & protect+ prop]ty2 &1 9 a ^w1 ( seek+ & obta9+ happ9ess4--,con/4 ( ,n4 ,h4 cor4 ,f ^? gramm>ians :o =m _! ideas & make _! decisions1 respect+ ?is "p ( ,engli% gramm>1 f ! pr9ciples & con/ruction ( o!r languages1--( languages :i* d n 9 ^! po9ts accord ) our own1 b :i* diff] consid]ably f x1--we may naturally expect grammatical s*emes t w be nei!r p]spicu\s nor consi/5t1 & t w t5d r to p]plex ?an to in=m ! le>n]4--,murray & ,hall cor4 ,inde$ !re are b v few :o "k h[ to be idle & innoc5t1 or :o h a reli% = any pleasures t are n crim9al2 e div]sion :i* ! majority take1 is at ! exp5se ( "s "o virtue or o!r1 & _! v fir/ /ep out ( bus9ess is into vice or folly4--,addison cor4 ,hail1 holy ,love6 ?\ bliss t sum/ all bliss6 ,giv'/ & receiv'/ all bliss2 fulle/ :5 mo/ ,?\ giv'/2 spr+-head ( all felicity6--,pollok cor4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii--,,g5]al ,,rule4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,g5]al ,,rule4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,articles4 7#a47 ,! article is a "p ( spee* plac$ be=e n\ns4 ,or ?us3 ,an article is a ^w plac$ be=e n\ns4--,comly cor4 7#b47 ,! article is a "p ( spee* us$ to limit n\ns4--,gilb]t cor4 7#c47 ,an article is a ^w set be=e n\ns to fix _! vague signification4--,a% cor4 7#d47 ,! adjective is a "p ( spee* us$ to describe some?+ nam$ by a n\n4--,gilb]t cor4 7#e47 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4--,id4 & ,weld cor43 ,in/41 p4 #de4 7#f47 ,! pron\n is a "p ( spee* :i* is (t5 us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*anan cor4 7#g47 ,a v]b is a ^w :i* signifies to be1 to d1 or to be act$ ^u4--,m]*ant cor4 7#h47 ,! v]b is a "p ( spee* :i* signifies to be1 to act1 or to receive an action4--,comly cor4 7#i47 ,! v]b is ! "p ( spee* by :i* any ?+ is ass]t$4--,weld cor4 7#aj47 ,! v]b is a "p ( spee*1 :i* expresses action or exi/5ce 9 a direct mann]4--,gilb]t cor4 7#aa47 ,a p>ticiple is a ^w d]iv$ f a v]b1 & expresses action or exi/5ce 9 an indirect mann]4--,id4 7#ab47 ,! p>ticiple is a "p ( spee* d]iv$ f ! v]b1 & d5otes be+1 do+1 or suff]+1 & implies "t1 z a v]b does4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*anan cor4 7#ac47 ,! adv]b is a "p ( spee* us$ to add "s modification to ! mean+ ( v]bs1 adjectives1 & p>ticiples4--,gilb]t cor4 7#ad47 ,an adv]b is an indecl9able ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b1 to express "s circum/ance1 accid5t1 or mann] ( its signification4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 7#ae47 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 an adjective1 a p>ticiple1 or an o!r adv]b1 to express ! circum/ance ( "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]4--,dr4 ,a% cor4 7#af47 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 an adjective1 a p>ticiple1 or1 sometimes1 an o!r adv]b1 to express "s circum/ance respect+ ! s5se4--,beck cor4 7#ag47 ,! adv]b is a "p ( spee*1 :i* is add$ to v]bs1 adjectives1 p>ticiples1 or to o!r adv]bs1 to express "s modification or circum/ance1 quality or mann]1 ( _! signification4--,bu*anan cor4 7#ah47 ,! adv]b is a "p ( spee* :i* we add to ! v]b1 7:5ce ! "n17 to ! adjective or p>ticiple likewise1 & sometimes ev5 to an o!r adv]b4--,bucke cor4 7#ai47 ,a conjunction is a ^w us$ to connect words or s5t5ces4--,gilb]t & ,weld cor4 7#bj47 ,! conjunction is a "p ( spee* t jo9s words or s5t5ces toge!r4--,a% cor4 7#ba47 ,! conjunction is t "p ( spee* :i* connects s5t5ces1 or p>ts ( s5t5ces1 or s+le words4--,d4 ,blair cor4 7#bb47 ,! conjunction is a "p ( spee* t is us$ pr9cipally to connect s5t5ces1 s z1 out ( two1 ?ree1 or m s5t5ces1 to make "o4--,bucke cor4 7#bc47 ,! conjunction is a "p ( spee* t is us$ to connect words or s5t5ces toge!r2 b1 *iefly1 to jo9 simple s5t5ces into su* z are comp\nd4--,kirkham cor4 7#bd47 ,a conjunction is a ^w :i* jo9s words or s5t5ces toge!r1 & %[s ! mann] ( _! dep5d5ce1 z !y /& 9 connexion4--,brit4 ,gram4 et al4 cor4 7#be47 ,a preposition is a ^w us$ to %[ ! relation betwe5 o!r words1 & gov]n ! subsequ5t t]m4--,gilb]t cor4 7#bf47 ,a preposition is a gov]n+ ^w :i* s]ves to connect o!r words1 & to %[ ! relation betwe5 !m4--,fro/ cor4 7#bg47 ,a preposition is a gov]n+ p>ticle us$ to connect words & %[ _! relation4--,weld cor4 7#bh47 ,! preposition is t "p ( spee* :i* %[s ! v>i\s positions ( p]sons or ?+s1 & ! consequ5t relations t c]ta9 words be> t[>d "o an o!r4--,david ,blair cor4 7#bi47 ,! preposition is a "p ( spee*1 :i*1 be+ add$ to c]ta9 o!r p>ts ( spee*1 s]ves to %[ _! /ate ( relation1 or _! ref]5ce to ea* o!r4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*anan cor4 7#cj47 ,! int]jection is a "p ( spee* us$ to express sudd5 passion or /rong emotion4--,gilb]t cor4 7#ca47 ,an int]jection is an unconnect$ ^w us$ 9 giv+ utt]ance to "s sudd5 feel+ or /rong emotion4--,weld cor4 7#cb47 ,! int]jection is t "p ( spee* :i* d5otes any sudd5 affection or /rong emotion ( ! m9d4--,david ,blair cor4 7#cc47 ,an int]jection is an indep5d5t ^w or s\nd ?r[n into disc\rse1 & d5otes "s sudd5 passion or /rong emotion ( ! s\l4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*anan cor4 7#cd47 ,! sc5e might tempt "s peaceful sage ,to re> a lonely h]mitage4--,g5t4 ( ,ab]de5 cor4 7#ce47 ,n all ! /orms t %ake ! pole1 ,c e'er di/urb ?y halcyon s\l1 ,& smoo? unalt]'d br[4--,b>bauld's ,poems1 p4 #db4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,n\ns4 ,! ?rone ( e mon>*y felt ! %ock4--,frel+huys5 cor4 ,^! pr9ciples ought to be deeply impress$ ^u ! m9d ( e ,am]ican4--,dr4 ,n4 ,web/] cor4 ,! words ,,*ur* & ,,%ire are radically ! same4--,id4 ,!y may n1 9 _! pres5t =m1 be readily accommodat$ to e circum/ance belong+ to ! possessive case ( n\ns4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,w1 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons1 only =etells4--,id42 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #da4 ,:i* seem to =m ! true di/9ction betwe5 ! subjunctive & ! indicative mood4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! v g5]al approbation :i* ?is p]=mance ( ,walk]'s has receiv$ f ! public4--,id4 ,le/ %e c>ry h] improvem5ts ( ?is k9d too f>4 ,or ?us3 ,le/ %e c>ry h] improvem5ts 9 ?is way too f>4--,id4 & ,campbell cor4 ,*>les 0 extravagant1 & by 8 prodigality became poor & despicable4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,we %\ld ent]ta9 no prejudice aga9/ simple & ru/ic p]sons4--,id4 ,^! are inde$ ! f\ndation ( all solid m]it4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,& 8 embelli%m5t1 by means ( figures1 musical cad5ces1 or o!r ornam5ts ( spee*4--,id4 ,if he is at no pa9s to engage u by ! employm5t ( figures1 musical arrangem5t1 or any o!r ornam5t ( /yle4--,id4 ,! mo/ em95t ( ! sacr$ poets1 are1 ,david1 ,isaiah1 & ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,job4--,id4 ,no?+ 9 any poem1 is m beautifully describ$ ?an ! dea? ( old ,priam4--,id4 ,:5 two v[els meet toge!r1 & are jo9$ 9 "o syllable1 !y are call$ a diph?ong4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,h[ _m ,esses w\ld goodness' !n end )8 ,?ree2 z goodness's4--,id4 ,birds is a n\n2 x is ! common "n ( fea!r$ animals4--,kirkham cor4 ,adam gave names to all liv+ creatures4 ,or ?us3 ,adam gave a "n to e liv+ creature4--,bicknell cor4 ,! /eps ( a flight ( /airs ought to be accommodat$ to ! human figure4 ,or ?us3 ,/airs ought to be accommodat$ to ! ease ( ! us]s4--,kames cor4 ,nor ought an emblem1 m ?an a simile1 to be f\nd$ on a l[ or famili> object4--,id4 ,:atev] ! ,lat9 has n f ! ,greek1 x has f ! ,go?ic4--,tooke cor4 ,! m9t1 & ! (fice ( ! secret>y ( /ate1 are neat build+s4--,! ,fri5d cor4 ,! sc5es ( dead & /ill exi/5ce are apt to pall ^u u4--,blair cor4 ,& ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,duns ,scotus1 ! angelical doctor & ! subtle1 are ! brighte/ />s 9 ! s*ola/ic con/ellation4--,lit4 ,hi/4 cor4 ,! ,engli% language has ?ree me?ods ( di/+ui%+ ! sexes4--,murray et al4 cor42 also ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?4 ,9 ,engli%1 !re are ! ?ree foll[+ me?ods ( di/+ui%+ ! sexes4--,jaudon cor4 ,!re are ?ree ways ( di/+ui%+ ! sexes4--,l5nie et al4 cor42 also ,m]*ant4 ,! sexes are di/+ui%$ 9 ?ree ways4--,maund] cor4 ,nei!r disc\rse 9 g5]al1 nor poetry 9 p>ticul>1 c be call$ altoge!r an imitative art4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,d we = ?is ! gods & consci5ce brave1 ,t "o may rule & all ! re/ enslave8--,r[e cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,adjectives4 ,!re is a deal m ( heads1 ?an ( ei!r he>t or horns4--,b>clay cor4 ,=1 ( all villa9s1 ,i ?9k he has ! mo/ improp] "n4--,bunyan cor4 ,( all ! m5 t ,i met 9 my pilgrimage1 he1 ,i ?9k1 be>s ! wronge/ "n4--,id4 ,i am surpris$ to see s mu* ( ! di/ribution1 & s _m ( ! te*nical t]ms1 ( ! ,lat9 gramm>1 reta9$ 9 ! gramm> ( our tongue4--,prie/ley cor4 ,nor did ! ,duke ( ,burgundy br+ him any assi/ance4--,hume & ,prie/ley cor4 ,else he w f9d x difficult to make an ob/9ate p]son believe him4--,brightl& cor4 ,are !re any adjectives :i* =m ! degrees ( comp>ison 9 a mann] peculi> to !mselves8--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,yet all ! v]bs are ( ! indicative mood4--,l[? cor4 ,! ^w c&idate is absolute1 9 ! nom9ative case4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,an ,iambus has ! fir/ syllable unacc5t$1 & ! la/ acc5t$4--,l4 ,murray1 ,d4 ,blair1 ,jamieson1 ,kirkham1 ,bullions1 ,guy1 ,m]*ant1 & o!rs4 ,a ,dactyl has ! fir/ syllable acc5t$1 & ! la/ two syllables unacc5t$4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,x is prop] to beg9 ) a capital ! fir/ ^w ( e book1 *apt]1 lett]1 note1 or#eec o!r piece ( writ+4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #aie2 ,john ,fl9t's1 #aje4 ,five & sev5 make twelve1 & "o m makes ?irte54--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,i wi% to cultivate a ne>] acqua9tance ) y4--,id4 ,let u consid] ! means :i* are prop] to effect our purpose4 ,or ?us3 ,let u consid] :at means are prop] to effect our purpose4--,id4 ,yet !y are ( s simil> a nature z readily to mix & bl5d4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! ,lat9 is =m$ on ! same model1 b is m imp]fect4--,id4 ,i "k v well h[ great pa9s h be5 tak54 ,or ?us3 ,i "k v well h[ mu* c>e has be5 tak54--,temple cor4 ,! managem5t ( ! brea? requires a great deal ( c>e4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,because ! m9d1 dur+ su* a mom5t>y /upefaction1 is1 9 a great measure1 if n totally1 ins5sible4--,kames cor4 ,motives ( reason & int]e/ alone are n suffici5t4--,id4 ,to r5d] ! composition di/9ct 9 its p>ts1 & on ! :ole impressive4--,id4 ,a & an are nam$ ! ,indef9ite article1 because !y d5ote indiff]5tly any "o ?+ ( a k9d4--,maund] cor4 ,! is nam$ ! ,def9ite article1 because x po9ts out "s p>ticul> ?+ or ?+s4--,id4 ,s mu* dep5ds ^u ! prop] con/ruction ( s5t5ces1 t1 9 any sort ( composition1 we _c be too /rict 9 our att5tion to x4 ,or3--t1 9 e sort ( composition1 we ought to be v /rict 9 our att5tion to x4 ,or3--t1 9 no sort ( composition1 c we be too /rict1 c4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,e sort ( declamation & public speak+ 0 c>ri$ on by !m4 ,or ?us3 ,all sorts ( declamation & public speak+1 7 c>ri$ on by !m4--,id4 ,! =m] has1 on _m occasions1 a sublimity to :i* ! latt] nev] atta9s4--,id4 ,:5 ! words1 !re=e1 consequ5tly1 accord+ly1 & ! l1 are us$ 9 connexion ) conjunctions1 !y are adv]bs4--,kirkham cor4 ,rude nations make few or no allusions to ! productions ( ! arts4--,jamieson cor4 ,:ile two ( h] maids knelt on ea* side ( h]4 ,or1 if !re 7 only two maids kneel+1 & n f\r3 ,:ile two ( h] maids knelt "o on ea* side ( h]4--,mirror cor4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns ( ! ?ird p]son1 diff] f "o an o!r 9 mean+ & use1 z foll[s4--,bullions cor4 ,x 0 happy = ! /ate1 t ,fabius cont9u$ 9 ! comm& ) ,m9utius3 ! phlegm ( ! =m] 0 a *eck on ! vivacity ( ! latt]4--,l4 ,murray & o!rs cor43 see ,maund]s ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,if x be object$1 t ! words mu/ & ought1 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ces1 are bo? 9 ! pres5t t5se4 ,or ?us3 ,if x be object$1 t 9 all ! prec$+ s5t5ces ! words mu/ & ought are 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,b x w be well1 if y turn to !m n[ & !n4 ,or3--if y turn to !m occasionally4--,bucke cor4 ,t e "p %\ld h a dep5d5ce on1 & mutually contribute to support1 e o!r4--,roll9 cor4 ,! phrase1 ',good1 my "l1' is n common1 & is l[4 ,or3--is uncommon1 & l[4--,prie/ley cor4 ,t bro!r %\ld n w> ) bro!r1 ,& "o dev\r or vex an o!r4--,c[p] cor4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,pron\ns4 ,if ,i c contribute to our c\ntry's glory4 ,or3--to y\r glory & t ( my c\ntry4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,z likewise ( ! sev]al subjects1 :i* h 9 effect ea* its v]b4--,l[? cor4 ,he is likewise requir$ to make examples = himself4 ,or3 ,he himself is likewise requir$ to make examples4--,j4 ,fl9t cor4 ,if ! emphasis be plac$ wrong1 x w p]v]t & conf\nd ! mean+ :olly4 ,or3 ,if ! emphasis be plac$ wrong1 ! mean+ w be p]v]t$ & conf\nd$ :olly4 ,or3 ,if we place ! emphasis wrong1 we p]v]t & conf\nd ! mean+ :olly4--,l4 ,murray cor42 also ,dr4 ,blair4 ,x 0 ?is1 t *>act]iz$ ! great m5 ( antiquity2 x is ?is1 t mu/ di/+ui% ! mod]ns :o w\ld tread 9 _! /eps4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,i am a great enemy to implicit fai?1 z well ! ,popi% z ! ,presbyt]ian2 =1 9 t1 ! ,papi/s & ! ,presbyt]ians are v mu* alike4--,b>clay cor4 ,w he !nce d>e to say1 ! apo/le held an o!r ,*ri/ ?an him t di$8--,id4 ,:y ne$ y be anxi\s ab\t ?is ev5t8 ,or3 ,:at ne$ h y to be anxi\s ab\t ?is ev5t8--,colli] cor4 ,if a sub/antive c be plac$ aft] ! v]b1 ! latt] is active4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,to see bad m5 hon\r$ & prosp]\s 9 ! _w1 is "s disc\ragem5t to virtue4 ,or3 ,x is "s disc\ragem5t to virtue1 to see bad m51 c4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,x is a happ9ess to "y p]sons1 to be pres]v$ f ! sn>es ( ! _w1 z 9 a g>d5 enclos$4--,id4 ,at ! c\rt ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :]e all 0 prud5ce & economy4--,bullions cor4 ,x is no wond]1 if su* a man did n %9e at ! c\rt ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :o 0 s rem>kable = h] prud5ce & economy4--,prie/ley1 ,murray1 et al cor4 ,a defective v]b is a v]b t wants "s p>ts4 ,! defective v]bs are *iefly ! auxili>ies & ! imp]sonal v]bs4--,bullions cor4 ,"s writ]s h giv5 to ! moods a mu* great] ext5t ?an ,i h assign$ to !m4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns give su* in=mation z no o!r words are capable ( convey+4--,m',cullo* cor4 ,:5 ! article a1 an1 or !1 prec$es ! p>ticiple1 ! latt] also becomes a n\n4--,m]*ant cor4 ,to "s ( ^!1 !re is a pref]5ce to be giv51 :i* cu/om & judgem5t mu/ det]m9e4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,_m writ]s affect to subjo9 to any ^w ! preposition ) :i* x is comp\nd$1 or t ( :i* x lit]ally implies ! idea4--,id4 & ,prie/ley cor4 ,say1 do/ ?\ "k ,vectidius8 ,:om1 ! wret* ,^: l&s beyond ! ,sab9es l>gely /ret*8--,dryd5 cor4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,v]bs4 ,we %\ld naturally expect1 t ! ^w dep5d w\ld require f aft] x4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aeh4 ,a di% :i* !y pret5d is made ( em]ald4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,= ! v nature ( a s5t5ce implies t "o proposition is express$4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #caa4 ,)\t a c>eful att5tion to ! s5se1 we %\ld be naturally l$1 by ! rules ( syntax1 to ref] x to ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,= any rules t c be giv51 on ?is subject1 mu/ be v g5]al4--,id4 ,he w\ld be 9 ! "r1 if eloqu5ce 7 :at he conceives x to be4--,id4 ,!re ,i %\ld pref] a m free & diffuse mann]4--,id4 ,yet t !y also resembl$ "o an o!r1 & agre$ 9 c]ta9 qualities4--,id4 ,b1 s9ce he mu/ re/ore h]1 he insi/s on hav+ an o!r 9 h] place4--,id4 ,b ^! are f> f be+ s frequ5t1 or s common1 z !y h be5 suppos$ to be4--,id4 ,we are n l$ to assign a wrong place to ! pleasant or ! pa9ful feel+s4--,kames cor4 ,:i* are ( great] importance ?an !y are commonly ?\ght4--,id4 ,s9ce ^! qualities are bo? co>se & common1 let u f9d out ! m>k ( a man ( probity4--,colli] cor4 ,cic]o did :at no man _h ev] done be=e him2 he drew up a treatise ( consolation = himself4--,biograph] cor4 ,!n !re c rema9 no o!r d\bt ( ! tru?4--,brightl& cor4 ,i h obs]v$ t "s satiri/s use ! t]m4 ,or3 ,i h obs]v$ "s satiri/s to use ! t]m4--,bullions cor4 ,su* m5 are ready to despond1 or to become enemies4--,web/] cor4 ,common n\ns are names common to _m ?+s4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,to make ourselves he>d by "o to :om we address ourselves4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,t1 9 read+ poetry1 he may be ! bett] able to judge ( its correctness1 & may reli% its beauties4 ,or3--& to reli% its beauties4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,on ! /ret* to keep pace ) ! au?or1 & compreh5d 8 mean+4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,= x might h be5 sold = m ?an ?ree hundr$ p5ce1 & ! money h be5 giv5 to ! poor4--,bible cor4 ,he is a beam t has dep>t$1 & has left no /reak ( light beh9d4--,ossian cor4 ,no "p ( ?is incid5t ought to h be5 repres5t$1 b ! :ole %\ld h be5 res]v$ = a n>rative4--,kames cor4 ,! rul]s & p debau*+ !mselves1 a c\ntry is br\ght to ru94 ,or3 ,:5 ! rul]s & p debau* !mselves1 !y br+ ru9 on a c\ntry4--,w>e cor4 ,:5 a title1 7z ,doctor1 ,miss1 ,ma/]1 c417 is prefix$ to a "n1 ! latt] only1 ( ! two words1 is commonly v>i$ to =m ! plural2 z1 ',! ,doctor ,nettletons1'--',! two ,miss ,hudsons4'--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,:]e=e t field has be5 call$1 ',! ,field ( ,blood1' unto ?is day4--,bible cor4 ,to compreh5d ! situations ( o!r c\ntries1 :i* p]haps x may be necess>y = him to explore4--,dr4 ,br[n cor4 ,we cont5t ourselves n[ ) few] conjunctive p>ticles ?an our ance/ors us$4--,prie/ley cor4 ,& :o w be *iefly liable to make mi/akes :]e o!rs h err$ be=e !m4--,id4 ,! voice ( nature & t ( revelation unite4 ,or3 ,revelation & ! voice ( nature unite4 ,or3 ,! voice ( nature unites ) revelation4 ,or3 ,! voice ( nature unites ) t ( revelation4--,wayl& cor4 ,?is adjective1 y see1 we c't admit2 ,b1 *ang$ to ',,worse1' ! ^w is j & fit4--,tobitt cor4 ,,lesson ,,vi4--,,p>ticiples4 ,its application is n arbitr>y1 or dep5d5t on ! caprice ( read]s4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is is ! m exp$i5t1 because ! "w is design$ = ! b5efit ( private le>n]s4--,id4 ,a man1 he tells u1 ord]$ by 8 w1 to h a /atue erect$ = him4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,f "s lik5ess too remote1 & ly+ too f> out ( ! road ( ord9>y ?\ght4--,id4 ,9 ! comm]cial _w1 money is a fluid1 runn+ f h& to h&4--,dr4 ,web/] cor4 ,he pays mu* att5tion to ! le>n+ & s++ ( songs4--,id4 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to consid] ! s++ ( songs z crim9al4--,id4 ,x is a case decid$ by ,cic]o1 ! great ma/] ( writ+4--,editor ( ,wall] cor4 ,did !y ev] be> a te/imony aga9/ ! writ+ ( books8-- ,bates's ,rep4 cor4 ,exclamations are sometimes mi/ak5 = int]rogations4--,hi/4 ( ,pr9t1 cor4 ,:i* _c fail to prove ( s]vice4--,smi? cor4 ,hewn into su* figures z w\ld make !m incorporate easily & firmly4--,beat1 or ,mur4 cor4 ,aft] ! rule & example1 !re are practical inductive que/ions4--,j4 ,fl9t cor4 ,i ?9k x w be an advantage1 t ,i h collect$ my examples f mod]n writ+s4--,prie/ley cor4 ,he 0 eag] to recomm5d x to 8 fell[-citiz5s4--,id4 & ,hume cor4 ,! good lady 0 c>eful to s]ve me ) e ?+4--,id4 ,no revelation w\ld h be5 giv51 _h ! light ( nature be5 suffici5t1 9 su* a s5se z to r5d] "o sup]flu\s & useless4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,description1 aga91 is a repres5tation :i* raises 9 ! m9d ! conception ( an object1 by means ( "s arbitr>y or in/itut$ symbols4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,disappo9t+ ! expectation ( ! he>]s1 :5 !y look = an end4 ,or3--= ! t]m9ation ( our disc\rse4--,id4 ,!re is a di/9ction1 :i*1 9 ! use ( !m1 is wor?y ( att5tion4-- ,maund] cor4 ,a model has be5 contriv$1 :i* is n v exp5sive1 & :i* is easily manag$4--,ed4 ,report] cor4 ,! conspiracy 0 ! m easily discov]$1 because ! conspirators 7 _m4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,ne>ly t5 ye>s _h t celebrat$ "w be5 publi%$1 be=e its importance 0 at all und]/ood4--,id4 ,t ! sceptre is o/5sibly grasp$ by a female h&1 does n rev]se ! g5]al ord] ( gov]nm5t4--,we/ cor4 ,i h hesitat$ ab\t sign+ ! ,decl>ation ( ,s5tim5ts4--,lib4 cor4 ,! prolong+ ( m5's lives :5 ! _w ne$$ to be peopl$1 & ! subsequ5t %ort5+ ( !m :5 t necessity _h ceas$4--,rev4 ,john ,br[n cor4 ,be=e ! p]=mance comm5ces1 we see display$ ! insipid =malities ( ! prelusive sc5e4--,kirkham cor4 ,x =bade ! l5d+ ( money1 or ! s5d+ ( goods1 or ! emb>k+ ( capital 9 anyway1 9 transactions connect$ ) t =eign traffic4--,br\gham cor4 ,ev5 ab/ract ideas h sometimes ! same important pr]ogative conf]r$ ^u !m4--,jamieson cor4 ,m5t1 l o!r t]m9ations1 *anges y into i1 :5 ! y is prec$$ by a consonant4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,! t]m ,,prop] is f ! ,fr5* propre1 own1 or ! ,lat9 proprius2 & a ,prop] n\n is s call$1 because x is peculi> to ! individual or family be>+ ! "n4 ,! t]m ,,common is f ! ,lat9 communis1 p]ta9+ equally to sev]al or _m2 & a ,common n\n is s call$1 because x is common to e individual compris$ 9 ! class4--,f[l] cor4 ,?us (t by m>9]s are %[$ 7,unless ! m5 ( ,k5t are li>s7 ,e>l ,godw9's ca/les ov]fl[$1 ,& palace-ro(s1 & /eeple- spires4--,swift cor4 ,,lesson ,,vii4--,,adv]bs4 ,he spoke to e man & woman :o 0 !re4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?\ght & language act & react ^u ea* o!r4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #bfd4 ,?\ght & expression act & react ^u ea* o!r4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cef4 ,!y h nei!r ! leisure nor ! means ( atta9+ any k1 except :at lies )9 ! contract$ circle ( _! sev]al pr(essions4--,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #afj4 ,be=e !y are capable ( und]/&+ mu*1 or inde$ any ?+1 ( mo/ o!r bran*es ( education4--,olney cor4 ,!re is no m beauty 9 "o ( !m1 ?an 9 an o!r4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:i* appe> to be con/ruct$ accord+ to no c]ta9 rule4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! vehem5t mann] ( speak+ became less univ]sal4--,or bett]3--less g5]al4--,id4 ,n all languages1 h[ev]1 agree 9 ?is mode ( expression4 ,or3 ,?is mode ( expression1 h[ev]1 is n common to all languages4--,id4 ,! great occasion ( sett+ ap>t ?is p>ticul> day4--,att]bury cor4 ,he is mu* m promis+ n[1 ?an he 0 =m]ly4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!y are plac$ be=e a p>ticiple1 )\t dep5d5ce on ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,id4 ,?is op9ion does n appe> to h be5 well consid]$4 ,or3 ,?is op9ion appe>s to h be5 =m$ )\t due consid]ation4--,id4 ,precision 9 language m]its a full explication2 & m]its x ! m1 because di/9ct ideas are1 p]haps1 b r>ely =m$ conc]n+ x4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,9 ! m sublime p>ts ( poetry1 he is less di/+ui%$4 ,or3--he is n s highly di/+ui%$4--,id4 ,:e!r ! au?or 0 altoge!r happy 9 ! *oice ( 8 subject1 may be que/ion$4--,id4 ,b1 ) reg>d to ?is matt] also1 !re is a great error 9 ! common practice4--,web/] cor4 ,?is ord] is ! v ord] ( ! human m9d1 :i* makes ?+s we are s5sible (1 a means to come at ^? t are n kn[n4 ,or3--:i* makes ?+s t are already kn[n1 its means ( f9d+ out ^? t are n s4--,=eman cor4 ,n[1 :o is n disc\rag$1 & does n fe> want1 :5 he has no money8--,c4 ,leslie cor4 ,:i* ! au?ors ( ?is "w consid] ( little or no use4--,wilbur & ,liv4 cor4 ,& "h inde$ ! di/9ction betwe5 ^! two classes beg9s to be obscure4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,b ?is is a mann] :i* des]ves to be avoid$4 ,or3--:i* does n des]ve to be imitat$4--,id4 ,&1 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 a p]son effects v little1 :5ev] he attempts too mu*4--,campbell & ,murray cor4 ,! v]b t signifies m]e be+1 is neut]4--,a% cor4 ,i hope to tire b little ^? :om ,i %all n happ5 to please4--,rambl] cor4 ,:o 7 utt]ly unable to pron\nce "s lett]s1 & :o pron\nc$ o!rs v indi/9ctly4--,%]idan cor4 ,! le>n] may po9t out ! active1 passive1 & neut] v]bs 9 ! foll[+ examples1 & /ate ! reasons = ?us di/+ui%+ !m4 ,or3 ,! le>n] may po9t out ! active1 ! passive1 & ! neut] v]bs 9 ! foll[+ examples1 & /ate ! reasons = call+ !m s4--,c4 ,adams cor4 ,^! words are almo/ always conjunctions4--,b>rett cor4 ,h[ glibly nons5se trickles f 8 tongue6 ,h[ sweet ! p]iods1 nei!r said nor sung6--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,,viii4--,,conjunctions4 ,:o1 at lea/1 ei!r knew n1 or did n love to make1 a di/9ction4 ,or bett] ?us3 ,:o1 at lea/1 ei!r knew no di/9ction1 or did n l to make any4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,x is *ildi% 9 ! la/ degree to let ?is become ! gr\nd ( e/rang$ affection4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:5 ! regul>1 & :5 ! irregul> v]b1 is to be pref]r$ sic--,,k?1 p4 #ajg4--;,id4 ,! books 7 to h be5 sold ?is day4 ,or3--on ?is day4--,prie/ley cor4 ,d1 an y w4 ,or3 ,d1 if y w4--,%ak4 cor4 ,if a man _h a positive idea ei!r ( inf9ite duration or ( inf9ite space1 he c\ld add two inf9ites toge!r4 ,or3 ,if a man _h a positive idea ( :at is inf9ite1 ei!r 9 duration or 9 space1 he c\ld1 c4--,murray's pro(-text cor4 ,none %all m will+ly agree to & advance ! same ?an ,i4--,morton cor4 ,t x _c b be hurtful to cont9ue x4--,b>clay cor4 ,a conjunction jo9s words or s5t5ces4--,beck cor4 ,! copulative conjunction connects words or s5t5ces toge!r1 & cont9ues ! s5se4--,fro/ cor4 ,! copulative conjunction s]ves to connect words or clauses1 & cont9ue a s5t5ce1 by express+ an addition1 a cause1 or a supposition4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,all con/ruction is ei!r true or app>5t2 or1 9 o!r words1 ei!r lit]al or figurative4--,bu*anan & ,brit4 ,gram4 cor4 ,b ! div9e "* is su* z none b a div9e h& c\ld draw4 ,or3 ,b ! div9e "* is su*1 t none b a div9e h& c\ld draw x4--,a4 ,kei? cor4 ,:o is s mad1 t1 on inspect+ ! heav5s1 he is ins5sible ( a ,god8--,gibbons cor4 ,x is n[ submitt$ to an enlight5$ public1 ) little fur!r desire on ! "p ( ! au?or1 ?an = its g5]al utility4--,t[n cor4 ,?is w suffici5tly expla9 :y s _m prov9cials h gr[n old 9 ! capital )\t mak+ any *ange 9 _! orig9al dialect4-- ,%]idan cor4 ,( ^!1 !y _h *iefly ?ree 9 g5]al use1 :i* 7 d5om9at$ ,,acc5ts1 ! t]m be+ us$ 9 ! plural numb]4--,id4 ,& ?is is "o ( ! *ief reasons :y dramatic repres5tations h ev] held ! fir/ rank among/ ! div]sions ( mank9d4--,id4 ,:i* is ! *ief reason :y public read+ is 9 g5]al s disgu/+4--,id4 ,at ! same "t 9 :i* !y le>n to read4 ,or3 ,:ile !y le>n to read4--,id4 ,he is always to pron\nce 8 words ) exactly ! same acc5t t he uses 9 speak+4--,id4 ,9 ord] to "k :at an o!r kn[s1 & 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* he kn[s x4--,id4 ,= ! same reason = :i* x is1 9 a m limit$ /ate1 assign$ to ! sev]al tribes ( animals4--,id4 ,7 !re ma/]s to tea* ?is1 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* o!r arts are taught4 ,or3 ,7 !re ma/]s to tea* ?is1 z o!r arts are taught4--,id4 ,^: own example /r5g!ns all 8 laws2 ,:o is himself t great sublime he draws4--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,,ix4--,,prepositions4 ,! ^w s has sometimes ! same mean+ z ,,also1 ,,likewise1 or ,,! ,,same4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! v]b use relates n to 'pleasures ( ! imag9ation2' b to ! t]ms fancy & imag9ation1 :i* he 0 to employ z synonym\s4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,x nev] c view1 cle>ly & di/9ctly1 m ?an "o object at a "t4--,id4 ,?is figure ,euphemism is (t5 ! same z ! ,p]iphrasis4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,all ! int]m$iate "t betwe5 y\? & old age4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,:5 "o ?+ is said to act ^u an o!r1 or d some?+ to x4--,l[? cor4 ,su* a composition has z mu* ( mean+ 9 x1 z a mummy has ( life4 ,or3 ,su* a composition has z mu* mean+ 9 x1 z a mummy has life4--,lit4 ,conv4 cor4 ,t "y m51 f f\rte5 to eighte5 ye>s ( age1 7 n ! be/ judges4--,id4 ,?is day is a day ( tr\ble1 & ( rebuke1 & ( blasphemy4--,isaiah1 xxxvii1 #c4 ,blank v]se has ! same pauses & acc5ts t occur 9 rhyme4--,kames cor4 ,9 prosody1 long syllables are di/+ui%$ by ! macron 772 & %ort ones by :at is call$ ! breve 774--,bucke cor4 ,sometimes bo? articles are left out1 especially f poetry4--,id4 ,f ! foll[+ example1 ! pron\n & p>ticiple are omitt$4 ,or3 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! pron\n & p>ticiple are n express$4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,b ! example 0 faulty4 ,say4 ,consci\s ( 8 weight & importance1--or1 ,be+ consci\s ( 8 own weight & importance1 he did n solicit ! aid ( o!rs4--,id4 ,he 0 an excell5t p]son2 ev5 9 8 e>ly y\?1 a mirror ( ! anci5t fai?4--,id4 ,! c>ry+ ( its sev]al p>ts into execution4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,concord is ! agreem5t :i* "o ^w has ) an o!r1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 case1 or p]son4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #adb4 ,x might p]haps h giv5 me a great] ta/e = its antiquities4--,addison cor4 ,to call on a p]son1 & to wait on him4--,prie/ley cor4 ,! great difficulty !y f\nd 9 fix+ j s5tim5ts4--,id4 & ,hume cor4 ,develop+ ! diff]5ces ( ! ?ree4--,james ,br[n cor4 ,:5 ! s+ul> ends 9 x1 * s(t1 %1 ss1 or s1 we add es to =m ! plural4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,we %all pres5t him a li/ or specim5 ( !m4 ,x is v common to he> ( ! evils ( p]nici\s read+1 h[ x en]vates ! m9d1 or h[ x depraves ! pr9ciples4--,dymond cor4 ,9 ?is example1 ! v]b arises is und]/ood be=e 'curiosity' & be=e 'k4'--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,! connective is frequ5tly omitt$1 :5 sev]al words h ! same con/ruction4--,wilcox cor4 ,he %all expel !m f be=e y1 & drive !m out f y\r sight4--,bible cor4 ,:o makes 8 sun to %9e & 8 ra9 to desc5d1 ^u ! j & ! unju/4 ,or ?us3 ,:o makes 8 sun %9e1 & 8 ra9 desc5d1 ^u ! j & ! unju/4--,m',ilva9e cor4 ,,lesson ,x4--,,mix$ ,,examples4 ,?is s5t5ce violates an e/abli%$ rule ( gramm>4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! words ?\ & %all are aga9 r$uc$ to syllables ( %ort quantity4--,id4 ,h ! greate/ m5 always be5 ! mo/ popul>8 ,by no means4--,lieb] cor4 ,/4 ,paul positively /at$1 t ',he t love? an o!r1 ha? fulfill$ ! law4'--,rom41 xiii1 #h4 ,m organs ?an "o are conc]n$ 9 ! utt]ance ( almo/ e consonant4--,m',cullo* cor4 ,if ! read] w p>don me = desc5d+ s l[4--,campbell cor4 ,to adju/ !m 9 su* a mann] z %all consi/ equally ) ! p]spicuity & ! grace ( ! p]iod4 ,or3 ,to adju/ !m s1 t !y %all consi/ equally1 c4--,dr4 ,blair & ,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,?is class exhibits a lam5table ineffici5cy1 & a great want ( simplicity4--,g>d9] cor4 ,^: /yle1 9 all its c\rse1 fl[s l a limpid /ream1 ?r\gh :i* we see to ! v bottom4--,dr4 ,blair cor42 also ,l4 ,murray4 ,we admit v>i\s ellipses4 ,or ?us3 ,an ellipsis1 or omission1 ( "s words1 is frequ5tly admitt$4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,! ellipsis1 ( articles may occur ?us4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,sometimes ! article a is improp]ly appli$ to n\ns ( diff]5t numb]s2 z1 ',a magnific5t h\se & g>d5s4'--,id4 ,9 "s v emphatical expressions1 no ellipsis %\ld be all[$4--,id4 ,ellipses ( ! adjective may happ5 9 ! foll[+ mann]4--,id4 ,! foll[+ examples %[ t !re may be an ellipsis ( ! pron\n4--,id4 ,ellipses ( ! v]b occur 9 ! foll[+ in/ances4--,id4 ,ellipses ( ! adv]b may occur 9 ! foll[+ mann]4--,id4 ,! foll[+ brief expressions are all ( !m elliptical4 #eed--;,id4 ,if no emphasis be plac$ on any words1 n only w disc\rse be r5d]$ heavy & lifeless1 b ! mean+ w (t5 be left ambigu\s4--,id42 also ,j4 ,s4 ,h>t & ,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,he reg>ds 8 ^w1 b ?\ do/ n reg>d ?9e4--,bullions1 ,murray1 et al41 cor4 ,i h le>n$ my task1 b y h n le>n$ y\rs4--,iid4 ,:5 ! omission ( a ^w w\ld obscure ! s5se1 weak5 ! expression1 or be att5d$ ) impropriety1 no ellipsis mu/ be indulg$4--,murray & ,weld cor4 ,& !re=e ! v]b is correctly put 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & ref]s to !m all sep>ately & individually consid]$4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,he 0 to me ! mo/ intelligible ( all :o spoke on ! subject4--,id4 ,i und]/ood him bett] ?an ,i did any o!r :o spoke on ! subject4--,id4 ,! r\ghness f\nd on ! entrance into ! pa?s ( virtue & le>n+ decreases z we advance4 ,or3 ,! r\ghnesses enc\nt]$ 9 ! pa?s ( virtue & le>n+ dim9i% z we advance4--,id4 ,!re is no?+ :i* m promotes k1 ?an d /eady application & habitual obs]vation4--,id4 ,virtue conf]s on man ! highe/ dignity ( :i* he is capable2 x %\ld !re=e be ! *ief object ( 8 desire4--,id4 & ,m]*ant cor4 ,! supreme ,au?or ( our be+ has s =m$ ! human s\l1 t no?+ b himself c be its la/1 adequate1 & prop] happ9ess4--,addison & ,blair cor4 ,! inhabitants ( ,*9a laugh at ! plantations ( our ,europeans3 ',because1' say !y1 'any "o may place trees 9 equal r[s & uni=m figures4'--,iid4 ,! div9e laws are n to be rev]s$ by ^? ( m54--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,9 bo? ( ^! examples1 ! relative :i* & ! v]b 0 are und]/ood4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,! ,greek & ,lat9 languages1 ?\gh = _m reasons !y _c be call$ dialects ( "o & ! same tongue1 are nev]!less closely connect$4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,to asc]ta9 & settle :e!r a :ite rose or a r$ brea!s ! sweete/ fragrance4 ,or ?us3 ,to asc]ta9 & settle :i* ( ! two brea!s ! sweet] fragrance1 a :ite rose or a r$ "o4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams cor4 ,to :i* he c af=d to devote b little ( 8 "t & lab\r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,avoid extremes2 & %un ! fault ( su* ,z /ill are pleas$ too little or too mu*4--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,,xi4--,,( ,,bad ,,phrases4 ,he might z well leave 8 vessel to ! direction ( ! w9ds4--,s\? cor4 ,)\t good-nature & gratitude1 m5 might z well live 9 a wild]ness z 9 society4--,l',e/range cor4 ,&1 = ?is reason1 su* l9es v seldom occur toge!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,8 greatness did n make him happy4--,crombie cor4 ,let t :i* t5ds to cool y\r love1 be judg$ 9 all4--,crisp cor4 ,x is wor? obs]v+1 t !re is no passion 9 ! m9d ( man s weak b x mates & ma/]s ! fe> ( dea?4--,bacon cor4 ,acc5t dignifies ! syllable on :i* x is laid1 & makes x m audible ?an ! re/4--,%]idan & ,murray cor4 ,be=e he proce$s to argue on ei!r side4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! g5]al *ange ( mann]s1 ?r\gh\t ,europe4--,id4 ,! sweetness & beauty ( ,virgil's numb]s1 ?r\gh all 8 works4--,id4 ,! ,fr5* writ]s ( s]mons1 /udy neatness & elegance 9 ! division ( _! disc\rses4--,id4 ,?is seldom fails to prove a refrig]ant to passion4--,id4 ,b _! fa!rs1 bro!rs1 & uncles1 _c1 z good relations & good citiz5s1 excuse !mselves = n /&+ =? to dem& v5geance4--,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #aad4 ,alleg+1 t _! decrial ( ! *ur* ( ,rome1 0 a unit+ ) ! ,turks4--,b>clay cor4 ,to :i* is add$ ! ,cate*ism by ! ,assembly ( ,div9es4--,n4 ,e4 ,prim4 cor4 ,?is trea*]y 0 always pres5t 9 ! ?\ghts ( bo? ( !m4-- ,rob]tson cor4 ,?us f> _! words agree4 ,or3 ,?us f> ! words ( bo? agree4--,w4 ,walk] cor4 ,ap>i?mesis is an enum]ation ( ! sev]al p>ts ( :at1 z a :ole1 might be express$ 9 few words4--,g\ld cor4 ,ap>i?mesis1 or ,enum]ation1 is a figure 9 :i* :at might be express$ 9 a few words1 is bran*$ out into sev]al p>ts4--,dr4 ,adam cor4 ,:i* may sit f "t to "t1 :]e y dwell1 or 9 ! vic9ity4--,j4 ,o4 ,taylor cor4 ,place toge!r a l>ge-siz$ animal & a small "o1 ( ! same species4 ,or3 ,place toge!r a l>ge & a small animal ( ! same species4--,kames cor4 ,! weight ( ! swimm+ body is equal to t ( ! quantity ( fluid displac$ by x4--,p]cival cor4 ,! ,subjunctive mood1 9 all its t5ses1 is simil> to ! ,optative4--,gwilt cor4 ,no feel+ ( obligation rema9s1 except t ( an obligation to fidelity4--,wayl& cor4 ,:o ask$ him :y :ole audi5ces %\ld be mov$ to te>s at ! repres5tation ( "s /ory on ! /age4--,%]idan cor4 ,are y n a%am$ to affirm t ! be/ works ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ 9 8 sa9ts are z fil?y rags8--,b>clay cor4 ,a neut] v]b becomes active1 :5 foll[$ by a n\n ( k9dr$ signification4--,sanborn cor4 ,b he has judg$ bett] 9 =be>+ to repeat ! article !4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,_m objects please u1 & are ?\ght highly beautiful1 :i* h sc>cely any v>iety at all4--,id4 ,yet !y sometimes foll[ !m4--,emmons cor4 ,= ,i "k ( no?+ m important 9 ! :ole subject1 ?an ?is doctr9e ( mood & t5se4--,r4 ,johnson cor4 ,x is by no means impossible = an error to be avoid$ or suppress$4--,philol4 ,museum cor4 ,^! are ?+s ( ! highe/ importance to *ildr5 & y\?4--,murray cor4 ,he ought to h omitt$ ! ^w _m4 ,or3 ,he might bett] h omitt$ ! ^w _m4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,:i* might bett] h be5 sep>at$4 ,or3 ,:i* ought r to h be5 sep>at$4--,id4 ,figures & metaphors1 !re=e1 %\ld nev] be us$ pr(usely4--,id4 & ,jam4 cor4 ,metaphors1 or o!r figures1 %\ld nev] be us$ 9 too great abundance4--,murray & ,russell cor4 ,some?+ l ?is has be5 alleg$ aga9/ ,tacitus4-- ,bol+broke cor4 ,o ?\1 :om all mank9d 9 va9 )/&1 ,:o ) ! blood ( ea* mu/ "o day /a9 ?y h&6 --,%effield cor4 ,,lesson ,,xii4--,,( ,,two ,,errors4 ,pron\ns sometimes prec$e ! t]ms :i* !y repres5t4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,mo/ prepositions orig9ally d5ot$ relations ( place4--,l[? cor4 ,,:i* is appli$ to brute animals1 & to ?+s )\t life4--,bullions cor4 ,:at ?+ d !y describe1 or ( :at d !y tell ! k9d8--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,iron cannons1 z well z brass1 are n[ univ]sally ca/ solid4--,jamieson cor4 ,we h philosoph]s1 m em95t p]haps ?an ^? ( any o!r nation4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,?is is a "q ab\t words only1 & "o :i* common s5se easily det]m9es4--,id4 ,! l[ pit* ( ! voice1 is t :i* approa*es to a :isp]4--,id4 ,:i*1 z to ! effect1 is j ! same z to use no su* di/9ctions at all4--,id4 ,^! two sy/ems1 !re=e1 really diff] f ea* o!r b v little4--,id4 ,x is ne$less to give _m in/ances1 z examples occur s (t54--,id4 ,!re are _m occasions on :i* ?is is nei!r requisite nor prop]4--,id4 ,dramatic poetry divides itself into two =ms1 com$y & trag$y4--,id4 ,no man ev] rhym$ ) m exactness ?an he4 ,i4e41 ?an ,roscommon4--,editor ( ,wall] cor4 ,! ,doctor did n reap f 8 poetical lab\rs a pr(it equal to t ( 8 prose4--,johnson cor4 ,we w foll[ t :i* we f9d our fa!rs practis$4 ,or3 ,we w foll[ t :i* we f9d to h be5 our fa!rs' practice4--,sale cor4 ,& ,i %\ld deeply regret t ,i _h publi%$ !m4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,figures exhibit ideas ) m vividness & p[]1 ?an c\ld be giv5 !m by pla9 language4--,kirkham cor4 ,! allegory is f9ely drawn1 ?\gh ! heads are v>i\s4--,spect4 cor4 ,i %\ld n h ?\ght x wor?y ( ?is place4 ,or3 ,i %\ld n h ?\ght x wor?y ( be+ plac$ "h4--,crombie cor4 ,9 ?is /yle1 ,tacitus excels all o!r writ]s1 anci5t or mod]n4--,kames cor4 ,no o!r au?or1 anci5t or mod]n1 possesses ! art ( dialogue s completely z ,%akspe>e4-- ,id4 ,! names ( all ! ?+s we see1 he>1 smell1 ta/e1 or feel1 are n\ns4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,( :at numb] are ! expressions1 '^! boys1' '^! pictures1' c48--,id4 ,?is s5t5ce has faults some:at l ^? ( ! la/4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,besides p]spicuity1 he pursues propriety1 purity1 & precision1 9 8 language2 :i* qualities =m "o degree1 & no inconsid]able "o1 ( beauty4--,id4 ,_m critical t]ms h un=tunately be5 employ$ 9 a s5se too loose & vague2 none ) less precision1 ?an ! ^w sublime4--,id4 ,h5ce no ^w 9 ! language is us$ ) a m vague signification1 ?an ! ^w beauty4--,id4 ,b /ill1 9 spee*1 he made use ( g5]al t]ms only4--,id4 ,^! give life1 body1 & col\r+1 to ! facts recit$2 & enable u to conceive ( !m z pres5t1 & pass+ be=e our eyes4--,id4 ,:i* c>ri$ an ideal *ivalry to a /ill m extravagant height1 ?an ! adv5tur\s _s ( knigh?ood _h ev] atta9$ 9 fact4--,id4 ,we write mu* m sup9ely1 & ) f> less lab\r1 ?an did ! anci5ts4--,id4 ,?is appe>s inde$ to =m ! *>act]i/ical diff]5ce betwe5 ! anci5t poets1 orators1 & hi/orians1 & ! mod]n4--,id4 ,to violate ?is rule1 z ! ,engli% too (t5 d1 %[s great incorrectness4--,id4 ,x is impossible1 by means ( any tra9+1 to prev5t !m f appe>+ /iff & =c$4--,id4 ,& x also gives to ! speak] ! disagreeable semblance ( "o :o endeav\rs to compel ass5t4--,id4 ,& :5ev] a light or ludicr\s anecdote is prop] to be record$1 x is g5]ally bett] to ?r[ x into a note1 ?an to run ! haz>d ( becom+ too famili>4--,id4 ,x is ! great bus9ess ( ?is life1 to prep>e & qualify ourselves = ! enjoym5t ( a bett]4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,f "s diction>ies1 accord+ly1 x 0 omitt$2 & 9 o!rs x is /igmatiz$ z a b>b>ism4--,crombie cor4 ,y _c see a ?+1 or ?9k ( "o1 ! "n ( :i* is n a n\n4--,mack cor4 ,all ! fleet h arriv$1 & are moor$ 9 safety4 ,or bett]3 ,! :ole fleet has arriv$1 & is moor$ 9 safety4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,,lesson ,,xiii4--,,( ,,two ,,errors4 ,!y h sev]ally _! di/9ct & exactly-limit$ relations to gravity4--,hasl] cor4 ,b :]e ! additional s w\ld give too mu* ( ! hiss+ s\nd1 ! omission takes place ev5 9 prose4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,aft] o1 x ! w is sometimes n s\nd$ at all2 & sometimes x is s\nd$ l a s+le u4--,l[? cor4 ,x is situation *iefly1 t decides ! =tunes & *>act]s ( m54--,hume cor42 also ,murray4 ,! vice ( covet\sness is t vice :i* ent]s m deeply into ! s\l ?an any o!r4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,( all vices1 covet\sness ent]s ! mo/ deeply into ! s\l4--,iid4 ,( all ! vices1 covet\sness is t :i* ent]s ! mo/ deeply into ! s\l4--,campbell cor4 ,! vice ( covet\sness is a fault :i* ent]s m deeply into ! s\l ?an any o!r4--,gu>dian cor4 ,,w\ld prim>ily d5otes incl9ation ( w2 & ,,%\ld1 obligation3 b !y v>y _! import1 & are (t5 us$ to express simple ev5ts4 ,or3--b bo? ( !m v>y _! import1 c4 ,or3--b bo? v>y _! import1 & are us$ to express simple ev5ts4--,l[?1 ,murray1 et al4 cor42 also ,comly & ,+]soll2 likewise ,abel ,fl9t4 ,a d\ble condition1 9 two correspond5t clauses ( a s5t5ce1 is sometimes made by ! ^w ,,_h2 z1 ',_h he done ?is1 he _h escap$4'--,murray & ,+]soll cor4 ,! pleasures ( ! und]/&+ are pref]able to ^? ( ! imag9ation1 z well z to ^? ( s5se4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,claudian1 9 a fragm5t ^u ! w>s ( ! giants1 has contriv$ to r5d] ?is idea ( _! ?r[+ ( ! m\nta9s1 :i* 9 itself has s mu* gr&eur1 burlesque & ridicul\s4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,to :i* n only no o!r writ+s are to be pref]r$1 b to :i*1 ev5 9 div]s respects1 none are comp>able4--,b>clay cor4 ,to di/+ui% !m 9 ! und]/&+1 & treat ( _! sev]al natures1 9 ! same cool mann] t we use ) reg>d to o!r ideas4--,%]idan cor4 ,= x has no?+ to d ) p>s+1 or ! analyz+ ( language4--,kirkham cor4 ,or3 ,= x has no?+ to d ) ! p>s+1 or analyz+1 ( language4--,id4 ,nei!r has t language ! ,lat9 ev] be5 s common 9 ,brita94--,swift cor4 ,all t ,i purpose1 is1 to give "s op5+s into ! pleasures ( ta/e4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,b ! foll[+ s5t5ces w\ld h be5 bett] )\t x4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,b ,i ?9k ! foll[+ s5t5ce w\ld be bett] )\t x4 ,or3 ,b ,i ?9k x %\ld be expung$ f ! foll[+ s5t5ce4-- ,prie/ley cor4 ,!y appe>1 9 ?is case1 l ugly excresc5ces jutt+ out f ! body4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,& !re=e ! fable ( ! ,h>pies1 9 ! ?ird book ( ! neid1 & ! allegory ( ,s9 & ,dea?1 9 ! second book ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 ought n to h be5 ins]t$ 9 ^! celebrat$ poems4--,id4 ,ellipsis is an elegant suppression1 or omission1 ( "s ^w or words1 belong+ to a s5t5ce4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*anan cor4 ,! article ,a or ,,an is n v prop] 9 ?is con/ruction4--,d4 ,blair cor4 ,n[ suppose ! articles _h n be5 dropp$ f ^! passages4--,bucke cor4 ,to h giv5 a sep>ate "n to e "o ( ^? trees1 w\ld h be5 an endless & impracticable und]tak+4--,blair cor4 ,ei1 9 g5]al1 has ! same s\nd z long & sl5d] a4 ,or bett]3 ,ei g5]ally has ! s\nd ( long or sl5d] a4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:5 a conjunction is us$ ) app>5t r$undance1 ! ins]tion ( x is call$ ,polysyndeton4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,,ea*1 ,,e1 ,,ei!r1 & ,,nei!r1 d5ote ! p]sons or ?+s t make up a numb]1 z tak5 sep>ately or di/ributively4--,m',cullo* cor4 ,! pr9cipal s5t5ce mu/ be express$ by a v]b 9 ! indicative1 imp]ative1 or pot5tial mood--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k cor4 ,h5ce he is diffuse1 :]e he ought to be urg5t4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,all sorts ( subjects admit ( explanatory comp>isons4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,! pres5t or imp]fect p>ticiple d5otes be+1 action1 or passion1 cont9u$1 & n p]fect$4--,kirkham cor4 ,:at are v]bs8 ,^? words :i* *iefly express :at is said ( ?+s4--,f[le cor4 ,( all ^? arts 9 :i* ! wise excel1 ,! v ma/]piece is writ+-well4--,%effield cor4 ,su* 0 t muse ^: rules & practice tell1 ,t art's *ief ma/]piece is writ+-well4--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,,xiv4--,,( ,,?ree ,,errors4 ,f "s words1 ! metaphorical s5se has ju/l$ out ! orig9al s5se altoge!r2 s t1 9 respect to ! latt]1 !y h become obsolete4--,campbell cor4 ,surely1 nev] any o!r mortal 0 s ov]:elm$ ) grief1 z ,i am at ?is pres5t mom5t4--,%]idan cor4 ,all languages diff] f "o an o!r 9 _! modes ( inflection4--,bullions cor4 ,! n\n & ! v]b are ! only indisp5sable p>ts ( spee*3 ! "o1 to express ! subject spok5 (2 & ! o!r1 ! pr$icate1 or :at is affirm$ ( ! subject4--,m',cullo* cor4 ,! words ,italiciz$ 9 ! la/ ?ree examples1 p]=m ! (fice ( sub/antives4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,a s5t5ce s con/ruct$ is always a m>k ( c>elessness 9 ! writ]4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,no?+ is m hurtful to ! grace or ! vivacity ( a p]iod1 ?an sup]flu\s & dragg+ words at ! conclusion4--,id4 ,:5 its sub/antive is n express$ ) x1 b is ref]r$ to1 be+ und]/ood4--,l[? cor4 ,yet !y always h sub/antives belong+ to !m1 ei!r express$ or und]/ood4--,id4 ,because !y def9e & limit ! import ( ! common names1 or g5]al t]ms1 to :i* !y ref]4--,id4 ,e new object surprises !m1 t]rifies !m1 & makes a /rong impression on _! m9ds4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,8 argum5t requir$ a m full developm5t1 9 ord] to be di/9ctly appreh5d$1 & to h its due =ce4--,id4 ,^? p>ticiples :i* are d]iv$ f active-transitive v]bs1 w gov]n ! objective case1 z d ! v]bs f :i* !y are d]iv$4--,emmons cor4 ,:]e1 9 violation ( ! rule1 ! objective case :om foll[s ! v]b1 :ile ! nom9ative ,i prec$es x4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,to use1 aft] ! same conjunction1 bo? ! indicative & ! subjunctive mood1 9 ! same s5t5ce1 & "u ! same circum/ances1 seems to be a great impropriety4--,l[?1 ,murray1 et al4 cor4 ,a nice disc]nm5t ( ! import ( words1 & an accurate att5tion to ! be/ usage1 are necess>y on ^! occasions4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans1 ! =m] especially1 71 9 tru?1 mu* m musical ?an we are2 _! g5ius 0 m turn$ to take delight 9 ! melody ( spee*4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,9 g5]al1 if ! s5se admits x e>ly1 ! soon] a circum/ance is introduc$1 ! bett]2 t ! m important & significant words may possess ! la/ place1 & be q dis5cumb]$4--,murray et al4 cor42 also ,blair & ,jamieson4 ,?us we f9d x 9 bo? ! ,greek & ! ,lat9 tongue4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,sev]al s5t5ces1 con/ruct$ 9 ! same mann]1 & hav+ ! same numb] ( memb]s1 %\ld nev] be all[$ to come 9 succession4-- ,blair et al4 cor4 ,i proce$ to lay d[n ! rules to be obs]v$ 9 ! conduct ( metaphors2 & ^!1 ) little v>iation1 w be applicable to tropes ( e k9d4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,by select+ words ) a prop] reg>d to _! s\nds1 we may (t5 imitate o!r s\nds :i* we mean to describe4--,dr4 ,blair & ,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! disguise c sc>cely be s p]fect z to deceive4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! s5se does n admit ( any o!r pause1 ?an "o aft] ! second syllable 'sit2' ?is !re=e mu/ be ! only pause made 9 ! read+4--,id4 ,n t ,i believe ,nor? ,am]ica to h be5 fir/ peopl$ s lately z 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 ! p]iod ( ,madoc's migration4--,web/] cor4 ,money & commodities w always fl[ to t c\ntry 9 :i* !y are mo/ want$1 & 9 :i* !y w comm& ! mo/ pr(it4--,id4 ,t x conta9s no visible m>ks ( c]ta9 articles :i* are ( ! utmo/ importance to a j deliv]y4--,%]idan cor4 ,& ,virtue1 f h] beauty1 we call a fair & fav\rite maid4--,mack cor4 ,! def9ite article may relate to n\ns ( ei!r numb]4--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,,lesson ,,xv4--,,( ,,_m ,,errors4 7#a47 ,comp\nd words are1 by ,l4 ,murray & o!rs1 improp]ly includ$ among ! d]ivatives4--,l4 ,murray correct$4 7#b47 ,! ,apo/rophe1 plac$ above ! l9e1 ?us '1 is us$ to abbreviate or %ort5 words4 ,b its *ief use is1 to d5ote ! possessive case ( n\ns4--,id4 7#c47 ,! ,hyph51 made ?us -1 connects ! p>ts ( comp\nd words4 ,x is also us$ :5 a ^w is divid$4--,id4 7#d47 ,! ,acute ,acc5t1 made ?us 1 d5otes ! syllable on :i* /ress is laid1 & sometimes also1 t ! v[el is %ort3 z1 ',fncy4' ,! ,grave ,acc5t1 made ?us 1 usually d5otes1 7:5 appli$ to ,engli% words17 t ! /ress is laid :]e a v[el ends ! syllable3 z1 ',fv\r4'--,id4 7#e47 ,! /ress is laid on long v[els or syllables1 & on %ort ones1 indiscrim9ately4 ,9 ord] to di/+ui% ! long or op5 v[els f ! close or %ort ones1 "s writ]s ( diction>ies h plac$ ! grave acc5t on ! =m]1 & ! acute on ! latt]4--,id4 7#f47 ,! ,diresis1 ?us made 1 is plac$ ov] "o ( two contigu\s v[els1 to %[ t !y are n a diph?ong4--,id4 7#g47 ,! ,section1 made ?us 1 is sometimes us$ to m>k ! subdivisions ( a disc\rse or *apt]4--,id4 7#h47 ,! ,p>agraph1 made ?us 1 sometimes d5otes ! beg9n+ ( a new subject1 or ( a passage n connect$ ) ! text prec$+4 ,?is "* is n[ seldom us$ = su* a purpose1 except 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,or bett]3--except 9 ! ,bible4--,id4 7#i47 ,! ,quotation ,po9ts1 writt5 ?us 1 m>k ! beg9n+ & ! end ( :at is quot$ or transcrib$ f "s speak] or au?or1 9 8 own words4 ,9 type1 !y are inv]t$ commas at ! beg9n+1 apo/rophes at ! conclusion4--,id4 7#aj47 ,! ,brace 0 =m]ly us$ 9 poetry at ! end ( a triplet1 or :]e ?ree l9es rhym$ toge!r 9 h]oic v]se2 x also s]ves to connect sev]al t]ms ) "o1 :5 ! "o is common to all1 & ?us to prev5t a repetition ( ! common t]m4--,id4 7#aa47 ,sev]al a/]isks put toge!r1 g5]ally d5ote ! omission ( "s lett]s belong+ to a ^w1 or ( "s bold or indelicate expression2 b sometimes !y imply a defect 9 ! manuscript f :i* ! text is copi$4--,id4 7#ab47 ,! ,ellipsis1 made ?us ----1 or ?us 999999991 is us$ :]e "s lett]s ( a ^w1 or "s words ( a v]se1 are omitt$4--,id4 7#ac47 ,! ,obelisk1 :i* is made ?us ,obelisk2 & ! ,p>allels1 :i* are made ?us 2 & sometimes ! lett]s ( ! alphabet2 & also ! ,arabic figures2 are us$ z ref]5ces to notes 9 ! m>g91 or at ! bottom1 ( ! page4--,id4 7#ad47 ,! note ( int]rogation %\ld n be employ$1 :]e x is only said t a "q has be5 ask$1 & :]e ! words are n us$ z a "q2 z1 ',! ,cyprians ask$ me :y ,i wept4'--,id4 et al4 cor4 7#ae47 ,! note ( int]rogation is improp] aft] m]e expressions ( admiration1 or ( any o!r emotion1 ?\gh !y may be> ! =m ( que/ions4--,iid4 7#af47 ,! p>5!sis incloses some?+ :i* is ?r[n into ! body ( a s5t5ce1 9 an "u tone2 & :i* affects nei!r ! s5se1 nor ! con/ruction1 ( ! ma9 text4--,l[? cor4 7#ag47 ,simple memb]s connect$ by a relative n us$ re/rictively1 or by a conjunction t implies comp>ison1 are = ! mo/ "p divid$ by ! comma4--,id4 7#ah47 ,simple memb]s1 or s5t5ces1 connect$ z t]ms ( comp>ison1 are = ! mo/ "p sep>at$ by ! comma4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 7#ai47 ,simple s5t5ces connect$ by a comp>ative p>ticle1 are = ! mo/ "p divid$ by ! comma4--,russell cor4 7#bj47 ,simple s5t5ces or clauses connect$ to =m a comp>ison1 %\ld g5]ally be p>t$ by ! comma4--,m]*ant cor4 7#ba47 ,! simple memb]s ( s5t5ces t express contra/ or comp>ison1 %\ld g5]ally be divid$ by ! comma4--,jaudon cor4 7#bb47 ,! simple memb]s ( a comp>ative s5t5ce1 :5 !y are long1 are sep>at$ by a comma4--,coop] cor4 7#bc47 ,simple s5t5ces connect$ to =m a comp>ison1 or phrases plac$ 9 opposition1 or contra/1 are usually sep>at$ by ! comma4--,hiley & ,bullions cor4 7#bd47 ,on :i*ev] ^w we lay ! emphasis1--:e!r on ! fir/1 ! second1 ! ?ird1 or ! f\r?1--e *ange ( x /rikes out a diff]5t s5se4--,l4 ,murray cor4 7#be47 ,to say to ^? :o d n und]/& sea phrases1 ',we tack$ to ! l>bo>d1 & /ood (f to sea1' w\ld give !m little or no in=mation4--,murray & ,hiley cor4 7#bf47 ,( ^? dissyllables :i* are sometimes n\ns & sometimes v]bs1 x may be obs]v$1 t ! v]b is commonly acc5t$ on ! latt] syllable1 & ! n\n on ! =m]4--,l4 ,murray cor4 7#bg47 ,& ?is gives to our language an advantage ov] mo/ o!rs1 9 ! poetical or rhetorical /yle4--,id4 et al4 cor4 7#bh47 ,& ?is gives to ! ,engli% language an advantage ov] mo/ o!rs1 9 ! poetical & ! rhetorical /yle4--,l[? cor4 7#bi47 ,! second & ! ?ird s*ol> may read ! same s5t5ce2 or z _m may repeat ! text1 z are necess>y to tea* x p]fectly to ! :ole class4--,osborn cor4 7#cj47 ,bliss is ! same1 9 subject1 or 9 k+1 ,9 :o obta9 def5ce1 or :o def5d4 --,pope's ,essay on ,man1 ,,iv1 #eh4 ,,lesson ,,xvi4--,,( ,,_m ,,errors4 ,! ,japanese1 ! ,tonqu9ese1 & ! ,coreans1 speak languages diff]+ f "o an o!r1 & f t ( ! inhabitants ( ,*9a2 :ile all use ! same writt5 *>act]s1 &1 by means ( !m1 correspond intelligibly ) "o an o!r 9 writ+1 ?\gh ignorant ( ! language spok5 by _! correspond5ts3 a pla9 pro(1 t ! ,*9ese *>act]s are l hi]oglyphics1 & ess5tially indep5d5t ( language4--,jamieson cor42 also ,dr4 ,blair4 ,! curv$ l9e1 9 /ead ( rema9+ r\nd1 is *ang$ to a squ>e "o1 = ! reason be=e m5tion$4--,knight cor4 ,e read] %\ld cont5t himself ) ! use ( ^? tones only1 t he is habituat$ to 9 spee*2 & %\ld give to ! words no o!r emphasis1 ?an :at he w\ld give to ! same words1 9 disc\rse4 ,or1 p]haps ! au?or meant3--& %\ld give to ! emphatic words no o!r intonation1 ?an :at he w\ld give1 c4 ,?us1 :atev] he utt]s1 w be deliv]$ ) ease1 & w appe> natural4--,%]idan cor4 ,a /op1 or pause1 is a total cessation ( s\nd1 dur+ a p]ceptible1 &1 9 musical or poetical compositions1 a measurable space ( "t4-- ,id4 ,pauses1 or re/s1 9 speak+ or read+1 are total cessations ( ! voice1 dur+ p]ceptible1 &1 9 _m cases1 measurable spaces ( "t4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,^? d]ivative n\ns :i* d5ote small ?+s ( ! k9d nam$ by _! primitives1 are call$ ,dim9utive ,n\ns3 z1 lambk91 hillock1 sat*el1 gosl+2 f lamb1 hill1 sack1 goose4--,bullions cor4 ,:y is x1 t nons5se s (t5 escapes detection1 its "* n be+ p]ceiv$ ei!r by ! writ] or by ! read]8--,campbell cor4 ,an ,int]jection is a ^w us$ to express sudd5 emotion4 ,int]jections are s call$1 because !y are g5]ally ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( disc\rse1 & h no ref]5ce to ! /ructure ( ^? p>ts4--,m',cullo* cor4 ,! v]b ,,ought has no o!r inflection ?an ,,oughte/1 & ?is is ne>ly obsolete4-- ,mac9to% cor4 ,b ! arrangem5t1 gov]nm5t1 & agreem5t ( words1 & also _! dep5d5ce ^u o!rs1 are ref]r$ to our reason4--,osborn cor4 ,,me is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 & objective case4--,guy cor4 ,! n\n ,,self is usually add$ to a pron\n2 z1 h]self1 himself1 c4 ,! comp\nds ?us =m$ are call$ reciprocal pron\ns4-- ,id4 ,"o _c b ?9k1 t our au?or w\ld h done bett]1 _h he begun ! fir/ ( ^! ?ree s5t5ces1 ) say+1 ',x is novelty1 t be/[s *>ms on a mon/]4'--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! idea :i* !y pres5t to u1 ( nature resembl+ art1 ( art consid]$ z an orig9al1 & nature z a copy1 seems n v di/9ct1 or well conceiv$1 nor inde$ v mat]ial to our au?or's purpose4--,id4 ,?is faulty con/ruction ( ! s5t5ce1 evid5tly arose f ha/e & c>elessness4--,id4 ,adv]bs s]ve to modify t]ms ( action or quality1 or to d5ote "t1 place1 ord]1 degree1 or "s o!r circum/ance :i* we h occasion to specify4--,id4 ,we may naturally expect1 t ! m any nation is improv$ by sci5ce1 & ! m p]fect its language becomes1 ! m w t language ab\nd ) connective p>ticles4--,id4 ,mr4 ,gre5leaf's book is f> bett] adapt$ to ! capacity ( le>n]s1 ?an any o!r t has yet appe>$1 on ! subject4--,feltus & ,ond]donk's false praise ,engli%$4 ,punctuation is ! art ( m>k+1 9 writ+ or 9 pr9t1 ! sev]al pauses1 or re/s1 :i* sep>ate s5t5ces1 or ! p>ts ( s5t5ces2 s z to d5ote _! prop] quantity or proportion1 z x is exhibit$ 9 a j & accurate deliv]y4--,l[? cor4 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce mu/ g5]ally be resolv$ into simple ones1 & ^! be sep>at$ by ! comma4 ,or bett]3 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce is g5]ally divid$1 by ! comma1 into its simple memb]s4--,gre5leaf & ,fisk cor4 ,simple s5t5ces %\ld 9 g5]al be sep>at$ f "o an o!r by ! comma1 unless a great] po9t is requir$2 z1 ',y\? is pass+ away1 age is approa*+1 & dea? is ne>4'--,s4 ,r4 ,hall cor4 ,v has always "o uni=m s\nd1 :i* is t ( f flatt5$1 z 9 ?ieve f ?ief3 ?us v be>s to f ! same relation t b does to p1 d to t1 h>d g to k1 or z to s4--,l4 ,murray & ,fisk cor42 also ,walk]2 also ,gre5leaf4 ,! au?or is expla9+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 s5se & imag9ation1 z p[]s ( ! human m9d4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,or1 if ?is 0 ! critic's mean+3 ,! au?or is endeav\r+ to expla9 a v ab/ract po9t1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! p[]s ( s5se & ^? ( imag9ation1 z two diff]5t faculties ( ! human m9d4-- ,id42 also ,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,,he--7f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,,he--7 is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4 ,decl9e ,,he4--,f[l] cor4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,! ,,critical ,,notes4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,i4--,,( ,,! ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee*4 ,! passive voice d5otes an action receiv$4 ,or3 ,! passive voice d5otes ! receiv+ ( an action4--,maund] correct$4 ,milton1 9 "s ( 8 prose works1 has _m v f9ely-turn$ p]iods4--,dr4 ,blair & ,alex4 ,jam4 cor4 ,^! w be f\nd to be :olly1 or *iefly1 ( t class4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,all appe>ances ( an au?or's affect+ ( h>mony1 are disagreeable4--,id4 & ,jam4 cor4 ,"s n\ns h a d\ble increase2 t is1 !y increase by m syllables ?an "o3 z it]1 it9eris4--,adam et al4 cor4 ,! p[]s ( man are enl>g$ by progressive cultivation4--,gurney cor4 ,x is always important to beg9 well2 to make a fav\rable impression at ! fir/ sett+ out4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,= if "o take a wrong me?od at 8 fir/ sett+-out1 x w lead him a/ray 9 all t foll[s4-- ,id4 ,8 m9d is full ( 8 subject1 & all 8 words are expressive4-- ,id4 ,h[ exquisitely is all ?is p]=m$ 9 ,greek6--,h>ris cor4 ,h[ unwor?y is all ?is to satisfy ! ambition ( an immortal s\l6--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,s z to exhibit ! object 9 its full gr&eur1 & its mo/ /rik+ po9t ( view4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,& t ! au?or "k h[ to desc5d ) propriety to ! pla9 /yle1 z well z h[ to rise to ! bold & figur$4-- ,id4 ,! he>t alone c answ] to ! he>t4-- ,id4 ,^u ! fir/ p]ception ( x4 ,or3 ,z x is fir/ p]ceiv$4--,h>ris cor4 ,call = ,samson1 t he may make sport = u4--,bible cor4 ,& he made sport be=e !m4-- ,id4 ,! t]m 'to suff]1' 9 ?is def9ition1 is us$ 9 a te*nical s5se2 & means simply1 to receive an action1 or to be act$ ^u4--,bullions cor4 ,! text only is :at is meant to be taught 9 s*ools4--,brightl& cor4 ,! p]fect p>ticiple d5otes action or exi/5ce p]fect$ or f9i%$4--,kirkham cor4 ,f ! intricacy & confusion :i* are produc$ :5 !y are bl5d$ toge!r4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is v circum/ance1 t ! ^w is employ$ anti!tically r5d]s x important 9 ! s5t5ce4--,kirkham cor4 ,x ! pron\n t1 is appli$ bo? to p]sons & to ?+s4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,conc]n+ u1 z be+ ev]y:]e traduc$4--,b>clay cor4 ,e ?+ else 0 buri$ 9 a pr(\nd sil5ce4--,/eele cor4 ,!y raise full] conviction1 ?an any reason+s produce4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,x appe>s to me no?+ b a fanciful ref9em5t4 ,or3 ,x appe>s to me no?+ m ?an a fanciful ref9em5t-- ,id4 ,! regul> & ?or\gh resolution ( a complete passage4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,! inf9itive is di/+ui%$ by ! ^w ,,to1 :i* imm$iately prec$es x4--,maund] cor4 ,x w n be a ga9 ( mu* gr\nd1 to urge t ! basket1 or vase1 is und]/ood to be ! capital4--,kames cor4 ,! disgu/ "o has to dr9k ink 9 reality1 is n to ! purpose1 :]e ! dr9k+ ( x is m]ely figurative4-- ,id4 ,t we run n into ! extreme ( prun+ s v closely4--,see ,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cah4 ,be+ oblig$ to re/ = a little :ile on ! preposition itself4 ,or3 ,be+ oblig$ to re/ a :ile on ! preposition itself4 ,or3 ,be+ oblig$ to re/ = a mom5t on ! preposition alone4--,blair & ,jam4 cor4 ,our days on ! e>? are z a %ad[1 & !re is no abid+4--,bible cor4 ,!re may be attempt$ a m p>ticul> expression ( c]ta9 objects1 by means ( imitative s\nds4--,blair1 ,jam41 & ,mur4 cor4 ,! "r disposition ( ! %ade1 makes ! light & col\r+ ! m app>5t4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,i obs]ve t a diffuse /yle is apt to run into long p]iods4-- ,id4 ,_! poor argum5ts1 :i* !y only pick$ up 9 ! highways4--,leslie cor4 ,:i* mu/ be little else ?an a transcrib+ ( _! writ+s4--,b>clay cor4 ,t s+le impulse is a =c+-out ( almo/ all ! brea?4 ,or3 ,t s+le impulse =ces out almo/ all ! brea?4--,hu% cor4 ,pic9i comp>es modulation to ! turn+-(f f a road4--,g>d9] cor4 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 on & (f almo/ e subject4--,sophi/ cor4 ,by ! read+ ( books writt5 by ! be/ au?ors1 8 m9d became highly improv$4 ,or3 ,by ! /udy ( ! mo/ in/ructive books1 8 m9d became highly improv$4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,= ,i nev] made a ri* provision a tok5 ( a spiritual m9i/ry4--,b>clay cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,ii4--,,( ,,d\btful ,,ref]5ce4 ,h[ev] disagreeable ! task1 we mu/ resolutely p]=m our duty4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! =mation ( all ,engli% v]bs1 :e!r !y be regul> or irregul>1 is d]iv$ f ! ,saxon tongue4--,l[? cor4 ,"t & *ance h an influ5ce on all ?+s human1 & no?+ d !y affect m rem>kably ?an language4--,campbell cor4 ,"t & *ance h an influ5ce on all ?+s human1 & on no?+ a m rem>kable influ5ce ?an on language4--,jamieson cor4 ,t ,ar*ytases1 :o 0 a virtu\s man1 happ5$ to p]i% once ^u a "t1 is ) him a suffici5t gr\nd4 c4--,phil ,mu4 cor4 ,he w be ! bett] qualifi$ to und]/& ! mean+ ( ! num]\s words into :i* !y ent] z mat]ial p>ts4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,we %\ld cont9ually h ! goal 9 view1 t x may direct u 9 ! race4-- ,id4 ,b ,addison's figures seem to rise ( _! own accord f ! subject & con/antly to embelli% x ,or3--& !y con/antly embelli% x4--,blair & ,jam4 cor4 ,s f> z !y signify p]sons1 animals1 & ?+s t we c see1 x is v easy to di/+ui% n\ns4--,cobbett cor4 ,dissyllables end+ 9 y or mute e1 or acc5t$ on ! f9al syllable1 may sometimes be comp>$ l monosyllables4--,fro/ cor4 ,if ! =ego+ objection be admitt$1 x w n ov]rule ! design4--,ru% cor4 ,^! philosophical innovators =get1 t objects1 l m51 are kn[n only by _! actions4--,dr4 ,murray cor4 ,! connexion betwe5 words & ideas1 is arbitr>y & conv5tional2 x has aris5 ma9ly f ! agreem5t ( m5 among !mselves4--,jamieson cor4 ,! connexion betwe5 words & ideas1 may 9 g5]al be consid]$ z arbitr>y & conv5tional1 or z aris+ f ! agreem5t ( m5 among !mselves4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,a man ^: incl9ations l$ him to be corrupt1 & :o _h great abilities to manage & multiply & def5d 8 corruptions4--,swift cor4 ,!y h no m control ov] him ?an h any o!r m54--,wayl& cor4 ,all 8 old words are true ,engli%1 & 8 numb]s are exquisite4--,spect4 cor4 ,x has be5 said1 t n ,jesuits only c equivocate4--,mur4 9 ,ex4 & ,key1 cor4 ,9 ,lat91 ! nom9ative ( ! fir/ or second p]son1 is seldom express$4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,"s words h ! same =m 9 bo? numb]s4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,"s n\ns h ! same =m 9 bo? numb]s4--,m]*ant et al4 cor4 ,o!rs h ! same =m 9 bo? numb]s2 z1 de]1 %eep1 sw9e4--,fro/ cor4 ,! foll[+ li/ d5otes ! consonant s\nds1 ( :i* !re are tw5ty-two4 ,or3 ,! foll[+ li/ d5otes ! tw5ty-two simple s\nds ( ! consonants4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,& is ! ignorance ( ^! peasants a reason = o!r p]sons to rema9 ignorant2 or does x r5d] ! subject ! less wor?y ( our inquiry8--,h>ris & ,mur4 cor4 ,he is "o ( ! mo/ correct1 & p]haps he is ! be/1 ( our prose writ]s4--,l[? cor4 ,! motions ( a vortex & ( a :irlw9d are p]fectly simil>4 ,or3 ,! motion ( a vortex & t ( a :irlw9d are p]fectly simil>4--,jamieson cor4 ,:at ,i h be5 say+1 ?r[s light ^u "o important v]se 9 ! ,bible2 :i* v]se ,i %\ld l to he> "s "o read4--,abbott cor4 ,:5 !re are any circum/ances ( "t1 place1 & ! l1 by :i* ! pr9cipal t]ms ( our s5t5ce mu/ be limit$ or qualifi$4--,blair1 ,jam4 & ,mur4 cor4 ,int]jections are words t express emotion1 affection1 or passion1 & t imply sudd5ness4 ,or3 ,int]jections express emotion1 affection1 or passion1 & imply sudd5ness4--,bucke cor4 ,b ! g5itive express+ ! measure ( ?+s1 is us$ 9 ! plural numb] only4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,! build+s ( ! in/itution h be5 enl>g$2 & an exp5se has be5 incurr$1 :i*1 ) ! increas$ price ( provisions1 r5d]s x necess>y to advance ! t]ms ( admission4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,^! s5t5ces are f> less difficult ?an complex ones4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e cor4 ,f> f ! madd+ cr[d's ignoble /rife ,!y sob] liv$1 nor ev] wi%$ to /ray4--,gray cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,iii4--,,( ,,def9itions4 7#a47 ,a def9ition is a %ort & lucid description ( a ?+1 or species1 accord+ to its nature & prop]ties4--,g4 ,,br[n3 ,rev4 ,david ,blair cor4 7#b47 ,language1 9 g5]al1 signifies ! expression ( our ideas by c]ta9 articulate s\nds1 or writt5 words1 :i* are us$ z ! signs ( ^? ideas4--,dr4 ,hugh ,blair cor4 7#c47 ,a ^w is "o or m syllables us$ by common cons5t z ! sign ( an idea4--,bullions cor4 7#d47 ,a ^w is "o or m syllables us$ z ! sign ( an idea1 or ( "s mann] ( ?\ght4--,haz5 cor4 7#e47 ,words are articulate s\nds1 or _! writt5 signs1 us$ to convey ideas4--,hiley cor4 7#f47 ,a ^w is "o or m syllables us$ orally or 9 writ+1 to repres5t "s idea4--,h>t cor4 7#g47 ,a ^w is "o or m syllables us$ z ! sign ( an idea4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k cor4 7#h47 ,a ^w is a lett] or a comb9ation ( lett]s1 a s\nd or a comb9ation ( s\nds1 us$ z ! sign ( an idea4--,wells cor4 7#i47 ,words are articulate s\nds1 or _! writt5 signs1 by :i* ideas are communicat$4--,wright cor4 7#aj47 ,words are c]ta9 articulate s\nds1 or _! writt5 repres5tatives1 us$ by common cons5t z signs ( our ideas4--,bullions1 ,l[?1 ,murray1 et al4 cor4 7#aa47 ,words are s\nds or writt5 symbols us$ z signs ( our ideas4--,w4 ,all5 cor4 7#ab47 ,or?ography lit]ally means correct writ+--,kirkham & ,smi? cor4 ,! ^w or?ography /&s = diff]5t ?+s3 z1 #a4 ,! art or practice ( writ+ words ) _! prop] lett]s2 #b4 ,t "p ( gramm> :i* treats ( lett]s1 syllables1 sep>ate words1 & spell+4 7#ac47 ,a v[el is a lett] :i* =ms a p]fect s\nd :5 utt]$ alone4--,in/41 p4 #af2 ,haz51 ,l5nie1 & ,brace1 cor4 7#ad-ah47 ,spell+ is ! art ( express+ words by _! prop] lett]s4--,g4 ,,br[n3 ,l[? & ,*ur*ill cor42 also ,murray1 ,+4 et al42 also ,comly2 also ,bullions2 also ,kirkham & ,sanborn4 7#ai47 ,a syllable is "o or m lett]s1 pron\nc$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice1 & con/itut+ a ^w1 or "p ( a ^w4--,l[?1 ,mur41 et al41 cor4 7#bj47 ,a syllable is a lett] or a comb9ation ( lett]s1 utt]$ 9 "o complete s\nd4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*4 cor4 7#ba47 ,a syllable is "o or m lett]s repres5t+ a di/9ct s\nd1 or :at is utt]$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice4--,kirkham cor4 7#bb47 ,a syllable is s mu* ( a ^w z is s\nd$ at once1 :e!r x be ! :ole or a "p4--,bullions cor4 7#bc47 ,a syllable is s _m lett]s z are s\nd$ at once2 & is ei!r a ^w1 or a "p ( a ^w4--,picket cor4 7#bd47 ,a diph?ong is a union ( two v[els 9 "o syllable1 z 9 be> & beat4--,bucke cor4 ,or3 ,a diph?ong is ! meet+ ( two v[els 9 "o syllable4--,brit4 ,gram41 p4 #ae2 ,bu*anan's1 #c4 7#be47 ,a diph?ong consi/s ( two v[els put toge!r 9 "o syllable2 z ea 9 beat1 oi 9 voice4--,guy cor4 7#bf47 ,a triph?ong consi/s ( ?ree v[els put toge!r 9 "o syllable2 z1 eau 9 beauty4--,id4 7#bg47 ,b a triph?ong is ! union ( ?ree v[els 9 "o syllable4--,bucke cor4 ,or3 ,a triph?ong is ! meet+ ( ?ree v[els 9 "o syllable4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #ba2 ,bu*anan's1 #c4 7#bh47 ,:at is a n\n8 ,a n\n is ! "n ( some?+2 z1 a man1 a boy4--,brit4 ,gram4 & ,bu*anan cor4 7#bi47 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 to describe ! object nam$ or ref]r$ to4--,maund] cor4 7#cj47 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 to describe or def9e ! object m5tion$4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 7#ca47 ,an adjective is a ^w :i*1 )\t ass]tion or "t1 s]ves to describe or def9e some?+2 z1 a good man1 e boy4--,wilcox cor4 7#cb47 ,an adjective is a ^w add$ to a n\n or pron\n1 & g5]ally expresses a quality4--,mur4 & ,l[? cor4 7#cc47 ,an adjective expresses ! quality1 n ( ! n\n or pron\n to :i* x is appli$1 b ( ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (2 & x may g5]ally be kn[n by ! s5se :i* x ?us makes 9 connexion ) its n\n2 z1 ',a good man1' ',a g5teel woman4'--,wright cor4 7#cd47 ,an adv]b is a ^w us$ to modify ! s5se ( a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b4--,wilcox cor4 7#ce47 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b1 to modify ! s5se1 or d5ote "s circum/ance4--,bullions cor4 7#cf47 ,a sub/antive1 or n\n1 is a "n giv5 to "s object :i* ! s5ses c p]ceive1 ! und]/&+ compreh5d1 or ! imag9ation ent]ta94--,wright cor4 7#cg-ed47 ,g5d]s are modifications t di/+ui% objects 9 reg>d to sex4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ce3 ,bullions cor43 also ,fro/2 also ,p]ley2 also ,coop]2 also ,l4 ,murray et al42 also ,ald5 et al42 also ,brit4 ,gram41 ) ,bu*anan2 also ,f[le2 also ,burn2 also ,web/]2 also ,co>2 also ,hall2 also ,wright2 also ,fi%]2 also ,w4 ,all52 also ,p>k] & ,fox2 also ,weld2 also ,weld aga94 7#ee & #ef47 ,a case1 9 gramm>1 is ! /ate or condition ( a n\n or pron\n1 ) respect to "s o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4--,bullions cor42 also ,kirkham4 7#eg47 ,cases are modifications t di/+ui% ! relations ( n\ns & pron\ns to o!r words4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #cf4 7#eh47 ,gov]nm5t is ! p[] :i* "o ^w has ov] an o!r1 to cause x to assume "s p>ticul> modification4--,sanborn et al4 cor4 ,see ,in/41 p4 #ajd4 7#ei47 ,a simple s5t5ce is a s5t5ce :i* conta9s only "o ass]tion1 comm&1 or "q4--,sanborn et al4 cor4 7#fj47 ,decl5sion means ! putt+ ( a n\n or pron\n ?r\gh ! diff]5t cases & numb]s4--,kirkham cor4 ,or bett]3 ,! decl5sion ( a ^w is a regul> arrangem5t ( its numb]s & cases4--,see ,in/41 p4 #cg4 7#fa47 ,zeugma is a figure 9 :i* two or m words ref] 9 common to an o!r :i* lit]ally agrees ) only "o ( !m4--,b4 ,f4 ,fi% cor4 7#fb47 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed2 z1 smite1 smote1 smitt54--,in/41 p4 #ge4 7#fc74 ,a p]sonal pron\n is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4--,in/41 p4 #df4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,iv4--,,( ,,comp>isons4 ,our language ab\nds m 9 v[el & diph?ong s\nds1 ?an mo/ o!r tongues4 ,or3 ,we ab\nd m 9 v[el & diph?ongal s\nds1 ?an mo/ nations4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,a l9e ?us acc5t$ has a m spirit$ air1 ?an "o :i* takes ! acc5t on any o!r syllable4--,kames cor4 ,hom] introduces 8 deities ) no great] c]emony1 t :at he uses t[>ds mortals2 & ,virgil has /ill less mod]ation ?an he4--,id4 ,:i* ! m ref9$ ta/e ( lat] writ]s1 ^: g5ius 0 f> inf]ior to !irs1 w\ld h taught !m to avoid4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,z a poetical composition1 h[ev]1 ! ,book ( ,job is n only equal to any o!r ( ! sacr$ writ+s1 b is sup]ior to !m all1 except ^? ( ,isaiah alone4--,id4 ,on ! :ole1 ,p>adise ,lo/ is a poem :i* ab\nds ) beauties ( e k9d1 & :i* ju/ly entitles its au?or to be equall$ 9 fame ) any poet4--,id4 ,mo/ ( ! ,fr5* writ]s compose 9 %ort s5t5ces2 ?\gh _! /yle1 9 g5]al1 is n concise2 commonly less s ?an t ( mo/ ,engli% writ]s1 ^: s5t5ces are mu* long]4--,id4 ,! pr9ciples ( ! ,re=mation 7 too deeply fix$ 9 ! pr9ce's m9d1 to be easily eradicat$4--,hume cor4 ,:e!r !y d n create jeal\sy & animosity1 m ?an suffici5t to c\nt]balance ! b5efit d]iv$ f !m4--,leo ,wolf cor4 ,! ,scot* h pres]v$ ! anci5t "* ( _! music m entire1 ?an h ! inhabitants ( any o!r c\ntry4--,g>d9] cor4 ,:5 ! "t or quantity ( "o syllable exce$s t ( ! re/1 t syllable readily receives ! acc5t4--,ru% cor4 ,:at !n c be m obvi\sly true1 ?an t x %\ld be made z j z we c make x4--,dymond cor4 ,x 0 n likely t !y w\ld crim9ate !mselves m ?an1 !y c\ld n avoid4--,cl>kson cor4 ,9 _! und]/&+s !y 7 ! mo/ acute p t h ev] liv$4--,knapp cor4 ,! pat5tees h pr9t$ x ) neat types1 & ^u bett] pap] ?an 0 us$ =m]ly4--,john ,w>d cor4 ,9 reality1 its relative use is n exactly l t ( any o!r ^w4--,fel* cor4 ,?us1 9 /ead ( hav+ to pur*ase two books1--! ,gramm> & ! ,ex]cises1--! le>n] f9ds bo? 9 "o1 = a price at mo/ n great] ?an t ( ! o!rs4--,alb4 ,argus cor4 ,!y are n improp]ly reg>d$ z pron\ns1 ?\gh !y are less /rictly su* ?an ! o!rs4--,bullions cor4 ,we h _h1 z w readily be believ$1 a mu* bett] opportunity ( becom+ conv]sant ) ! case1 ?an ! g5]ality ( our read]s c be suppos$ to h _h4--,brit4 ,fri5d cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,v4--,,( ,,falsities4 ,! long s\nd ( i is l a v quick union ( ! s\nd ( a1 z he>d 9 b>1 & t ( e1 z he>d 9 be4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,! omission ( a ^w necess>y to grammatical propriety1 is ( c\rse an impropriety1 & n a true ellipsis4--,prie/ley cor4 ,n e sub/antive1 or n\n1 is necess>ily ( ! ?ird p]son4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,a n\n is 9 ! ?ird p]son1 :5 ! subject is m]ely spok5 (2 & 9 ! second p]son1 :5 ! subject is spok5 to2 & 9 ! fir/ p]son1 :5 x names ! speak] z su*4--,nutt+ cor4 ,) u1 no n\ns are lit]ally ( ! mascul9e or ! fem99e g5d]1 except ! names ( male & female creatures4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! apo/rophe is a little m>k1 ei!r d5ot+ ! possessive case ( n\ns1 or signify+ t some?+ is %ort5$3 z1 ',william's hat2'--'! le>n'd1' = '! le>n$4'--,inf4 ,s4 ,gram4 cor4 ,:5 a ^w beg9n+ ) a v[el c\pl$ ) "o beg9n+ ) a consonant1 ! indef9ite article mu/ n be repeat$1 if ! two words be adjectives belong+ to "o & ! same n\n2 ?us1 ',sir ,mat!w ,hale 0 a noble & imp>tial judge2'--',pope 0 an elegant & n]v\s writ]4'--,maund] cor4#eee ,w & y are consonants1 :5 !y prec$e a v[el he>d 9 ! same syllable3 9 e o!r situation1 !y are v[els4--,l4 ,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,see ,in/41 p4 #af4 ,! is n v>i$ be=e adjectives & sub/antives1 let !m beg9 z !y w4--,bucke cor4 ,a few ,engli% prepositions1 & _m :i* we h borr[$ f o!r languages1 are (t5 prefix$ to words1 9 su* a mann] z to coalesce ) !m1 & to become p>ts ( ! comp\nds or d]ivatives ?us =m$4--,l[? cor4 ,h1 at ! beg9n+ ( syllables n acc5t$1 is weak]1 b n entirely sil5t2 z 9 hi/orian1 wid[hood4--,rev4 ,d4 ,blair cor4 ,n e ^w t w make s5se ) to be=e x1 is a v]b2 = to may gov]n n\ns1 pron\ns1 or p>ticiples4--,kirkham cor4 ,mo/ v]bs d1 9 reality1 express actions2 b !y are n intr9sically ! m]e names ( actions3 ^! mu/ ( c\rse be n\ns4--,id4 ,! nom9ative d5otes ! actor or subject2 & ! v]b1 ! action :i* is p]=m$ or receiv$ by ?is actor or subject4--,id4 ,b if only "o creature or ?+ acts1 m ?an "o action may1 at ! same in/ant1 be done2 z1 ',! girl n only holds h] p5 badly1 b sc[ls & di/orts h] features1 :ile %e writes4'--,id4 ,nor is ea* ( ^! v]bs ( ! s+ul> numb] because x d5otes b "o action :i* ! girl p]=ms1 b because ! subject or nom9ative is ( ! s+ul> numb]1 & ! words mu/ agree4--,id4 ,& :5 ,i say1 ',two m5 walk1' is x n equally app>5t1 t walk is plural because x agrees ) m58--,id4 ,! subjunctive mood is =m$ by us+ ! simple v]b 9 a suppositive s5se1 & )\t p]sonal inflection4--,beck cor4 ,! possessive case ( n\ns1 except 9 in/ances ( apposition or close connexion1 %\ld always be di/+ui%$ by ! apo/rophe4--,fro/ cor4 ',at ^! proce$+s ( ! ,commons3' ,"h ( is a sign ( ! objective case2 & ',commons' is ( t case1 be+ gov]n$ by ?is preposition4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,"h let x be obs]v$ aga91 t1 /rictly speak+1 all f9ite v]bs h numb]s & p]sons2 & s h ne>ly all n\ns & pron\ns1 ev5 :5 !y ref] to irrational creatures & inanimate ?+s4--,b>rett cor4 ,! n\n d5ot+ ! p]son or p]sons address$ or spok5 to1 is 9 ! nom9ative case indep5d5t3 except x be put 9 apposition ) a pron\n ( ! second p]son2 z1 ',woe to y lawy]s2'--',y political m5 are con/antly manoeuvr+4'--,fro/ cor4 ,e n\n1 :5 us$ 9 a direct address & set (f by a comma1 becomes ( ! second p]son1 & is 9 ! nom9ative case absolute2 z1 ',paul1 ?\ art beside ?yself4--,jaudon cor4 ,does ! conjunction ev] jo9 words toge!r8 ,yes2 ! conjunction sometimes jo9s words toge!r1 & sometimes s5t5ces1 or c]ta9 p>ts ( s5t5ces4--,brit4 ,gram4 cor42 also ,bu*anan4 ,e n\n ( ! possessive =m has a gov]n+ n\n1 express$ or und]/ood3 z1 ,/4 ,james's4 ,"h ,palace is und]/ood4 ,b "o possessive may gov]n an o!r2 z1 ',william's fa!r's h\se4'--,bu*anan cor4 ,e adjective 7) ! exceptions not$ "u ,rule #i?7 belongs to a n\n or pron\n express$ or und]/ood4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,n e adjective qualifies a sub/antive1 express$ or und]/ood4--,bullions cor4 ,n e adjective belongs to a n\n express$ or und]/ood4--,+]soll cor4 ,adjectives belong to n\ns or pron\ns1 & s]ve to describe ?+s4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,engli% adjectives1 9 g5]al1 h no modifications 9 :i* !y c agree ) ! n\ns to :i* !y relate4--,all5 ,fisk cor4 ,! adjective1 if x d5ote unity or plurality1 mu/ agree ) its sub/antive 9 numb]4--,bu*anan cor4 ,n e adjective & p>ticiple1 by a va/ _m1 belongs to "s n\n or pron\n1 express$ or und]/ood4--,fro/ cor4 ,n e v]b ( ! inf9itive mood1 supposes a v]b be=e x1 express$ or und]/ood4--,bu*anan cor4 ,nor has e adv]b its v]b1 express$ or und]/ood2 = "s adv]bs relate to p>ticiples1 to adjectives1 or to o!r adv]bs4--,id4 ,a conjunction t connects "o s5t5ce to an o!r1 is n always plac$ betwixt ! two propositions or s5t5ces :i* x unites4--,id4 ,! words = all t1 are by no means 'l[2' b ! putt+ ( ?is phrase = yet or /ill1 is nei!r necess>y nor elegant4--,l4 ,murray cor42 also ,dr4 ,prie/ley4 ,! read] or he>] !n und]/&s f ,,&1 t ! au?or adds "o proposition1 numb]1 or ?+1 to an o!r4 ,?us ,,& (t51 v (t51 connects "o ?+ ) an o!r ?+1 or "o ^w ) an o!r ^w4--,james ,br[n cor4 ',six ,,& six are twelve4' ,"h x is affirm$1 t ! two sixes add$ toge!r are twelve4--,id4 ',john ,,& 8 wife h six *ildr54' ,?is is an in/ance 9 :i* ,,& connects two nom9atives 9 a simple s5t5ce4 ,x is n "h affirm$ t ,john has six *ildr51 & t 8 wife has six o!r *ildr54--,id4 ,t ',no?+ c be great :i* is n "r1' is itself a great falsity3 !re are great blund]s1 great evils1 great s9s4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! highe/ degree ( rev]5ce %\ld be paid to ! mo/ exalt$ virtue or goodness4--,id4 ,!re is 9 all m9ds "s k1 or und]/&+4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,=m]ly1 ! nom9ative & objective cases ( our pron\ns1 7 m g5]ally di/+ui%$ 9 practice1 ?an !y n[ are4--,kirkham cor4 ,z x respects a *oice ( words & expressions1 ! j rules ( gramm> may mat]ially aid ! le>n]4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e cor4 ,! "n ( :atev] exi/s1 or is conceiv$ to exi/1 is a n\n4--,f[l] cor4 ,z n all m5 are brave1 brave is itself di/9ctive4--,id4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,vi4--,,( ,,absurdities4 7#a47 ,& sometimes two unacc5t$ syllables come toge!r4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 7#b47 ,:at n\ns frequ5tly /& toge!r8 ,or3 ,:at n\ns are frequ5tly us$ "o aft] an o!r8--,sanborn cor4 7#c47 ,words are d]iv$ f o!r words 9 v>i\s ways4--,idem et al4 cor4 7#d47 ,! "n ,,preposition is d]iv$ f ! two ,lat9 words pr & pono1 :i* signify be=e & place4--,mack cor4 7#e47 ,he 0 mu* laugh$ at = su* conduct4--,bullions cor4 7#f47 ,e pronom9al adjective belongs to "s n\n1 express$ or und]/ood4--,+]soll cor4 7#g47 ,if he ,addison fails 9 any ?+1 x is 9 /r5g? & precision2 ! want ( :i* r5d]s 8 mann] n altoge!r a prop] model4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 7#h47 ,inde$1 if ,horace is defici5t 9 any ?+ 8 fault is ?is1 ( n be+ suffici5tly att5tive to juncture1 or ! connexion ( p>ts4--,id4 7#i47 ,! pupil is n[ suppos$ to be acqua9t$ ) ! t5 p>ts ( spee*1 & _! mo/ usual modifications4--,taylor cor4 7#aj47 ,i c\ld see1 feel1 ta/e1 & smell ! rose4--,sanborn cor4 7#aa47 ,! v[els i\ are sometimes pron\nc$ di/9ctly 9 two syllables2 z 9 v>i\s1 ab/emi\s2 b n 9 bili\s4--,murray & ,walk] cor4 7#ab47 ,! diph?ong aa g5]ally s\nds l a %ort2 z 9 ,balaam1 ,canaan1 ,isaac2 9 ,bal & ,gal1 we make no diph?ong4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 7#ac47 ,p>ticiples _c be said to be 'gov]n$ by ! article2' = any p>ticiple1 ) an article be=e x1 becomes a sub/antive1 or an adjective us$ sub/antively3 z1 ! le>n+1 ! le>n$4--,id4 7#ad47 ,f words end+ ) y prec$$ by a consonant1 we =m ! plurals ( n\ns1 ! p]sons ( v]bs1 ag5t n\ns1 p]fect p>ticiples1 comp>atives1 & sup]latives1 by *ang+ ! y into i1 & add+ es1 ed1 er1 e?1 or e/4--,walk]1 ,murray1 et al4 cor4 7#ae47 ,b y prec$$ by a v[el1 rema9s un*ang$1 9 ! d]ivatives above nam$2 z1 boy1 boys4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 7#af47 ,b :5 ! f9al y is prec$$ by a v[el1 x rema9s un*ang$ be=e an additional syllable2 z1 coy1 coyly4--,iid4 7#ag47 ,b y prec$$ by a v[el1 rema9s un*ang$1 9 almo/ all in/ances2 z1 coy1 coyly4--,kirkham cor4 7#ah47 ,s5t5ces are ( two k9ds1 simple & comp\nd4--,wright cor4 7#ai47 ,! neut] pron\n x may be employ$ to introduce a nom9ative ( any p]son1 numb]1 or g5d]3 z1 ',x is he3'--',x is %e2'--',x is !y2'--',x is ! l&4'--,bucke cor4 7#bj & #ba47 ,x is & x 01 are always s+ul>2 b !y may introduce words ( a plural con/ruction3 z1 ',x 0 ! h]etics t fir/ began to rail4' ,,smollett4--,m]*ant cor42 also ,prie/ley et al4 7#bb47 ,w & y1 z consonants1 h ea* ( !m "o s\nd4--,t[n cor4 7#bc47 ,! ^w z is frequ5tly a relative pron\n4--,bucke cor4 7#bd47 ,f a s]ies ( clauses1 ! conjunction may sometimes be omitt$ ) propriety4--,m]*ant cor4 7#be47 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! two memb]s are v closely connect$1 ! comma is unnecess>y2 z1 ',revelation tells u h[ we may atta9 happ9ess4'--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 7#bf-bg47 ,! m9d has difficulty 9 tak+ effectually1 9 quick succession1 s _m diff]5t views ( ! same object4--,dr4 ,blair cor42 also ,l4 ,mur4 7#bh47 ,pronom9al adjectives are a k9d ( def9itives1 :i* may ei!r accompany _! n\ns1 or repres5t !m und]/ood4--,kirkham cor4 7#bi47 ,:5 ! nom9ative or antec$5t is a collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality1 ! v]b or pron\n mu/ agree ) x 9 ! plural numb]4--,id4 et al4 cor4 7#cj-cd47 ,a n\n or a pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4-- ,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #agf2 ,gre5leaf cor42 also ,wilbur & ,liv+/on2 also ,goldsbury2 also ,p4 ,e4 ,day2 also ,kirkham1 ,frazee1 & ,mill]4 7#ce47 ,"h ! boy is repres5t$ z act+3 ! ^w boy is !re=e 9 ! nom9ative case4--,kirkham cor4 7#cf47 ,d1 be1 h1 & w1 are sometimes auxili>ies1 & sometimes pr9cipal v]bs4--,coop] cor4 7#cg47 ,names ( males are mascul9e4 ,names ( females are fem99e4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aj2 ,beck cor4 7#ch47 ',to-day's lesson is long] ?an ye/]day's4' ,"h to-day's & ye/]day's are sub/antives4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 7#ci47 ,9 ?is example1 to-day's & ye/]day's are n\ns 9 ! possessive case4--,kirkham cor4 7#dj47 ,an ,indian 9 ,brita9 w\ld be mu* surpris$ to f9d by *ance an elephant fe$+ at l>ge 9 ! op5 fields4--,kames cor4 7#da47 ,if we 7 to contrive a new language1 we might make any articulate s\nd ! sign ( any idea3 ap>t f previ\s usage1 !re w\ld be no impropriety 9 call+ ox5 m51 or rational be+s ox54--,l4 ,murray cor4 7#db47 ,all ! p>ts ( a s5t5ce %\ld =m a consi/5t :ole4--,id et al4 cor4 7#dc47 ,full ?r\gh 8 neck ! weighty fal*ion sp$1 ,along ! pavem5t roll$ ! culprit's head4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,vii4--,,( ,,self-,,contradiction4 7#a47 ,?\gh ',! k+1 ) ! lords & commons1' mu/ h a s+ul> r ?an a plural v]b1 ! s5t5ce w\ld c]ta9ly /& bett] ?us3 ',! k+1 ! lords1 & ! commons1 =m an excell5t con/itution4'--,mur4 & ,+4 cor4 7#b-c47 ,l has a s(t liquid s\nd2 z 9 love1 bill[1 qu>rel4 ,?is lett] is sometimes sil5t2 z 9 half1 task sic = 'talk'--,,k?1 psalm4--,mur4 & ,fisk cor42 also ,kirkham4 7#d47 ,! words means & am5ds1 ?\gh regul>ly d]iv$ f ! s+ul>s mean & am5d1 are n n[1 ev5 by polite writ]s1 re/rict$ to ! plural numb]4 ,our mo/ di/+ui%$ mod]n au?ors (t5 say1 'by ?is means1' z well z1 'by ^! means4'--,wright cor4 7#e47 ,a fri5d exagg]ates a man's virtues2 an enemy1 8 crimes4--,mur4 cor4 7#f47 ,! auxili>y h1 or any =m ( ! p]fect t5se1 belongs n prop]ly to ! subjunctive mood4 ,we suppose pa/ facts by ! indicative3 z1 ,if ,i h lov$1 ,if ?\ ha/ lov$1 c4--,m]*ant cor4 7#g47 ,!re is also an impropriety 9 us+ bo? ! indicative & ! subjunctive mood ) ! same conjunction2 z1 ',if a man h a hundr$ %eep1 & "o ( !m is gone a/ray1' c4 ,?is is ,m]*ant's p]v]sion ( ! text4 ,x %\ld be1 '& "o ( !m g a/ray3' or1 'be gone a/ray1' z 9 ,matt41 xviii4 #ab4--;,id4 7#h47 ,! ris+ s]ies ( contra/s conveys transc5d5t dignity & en]gy to ! conclusion4--,jamieson cor4 7#i47 ,a groan or a %riek is in/antly und]/ood1 z a language extort$ by di/ress1 a natural language :i* conveys a mean+ t words are n adequate to express4 ,a groan or a %riek speaks to ! e> ) a f> m ?rill+ effect ?an words3 yet ev5 ?is natural language ( di/ress may be c\nt]feit$ by art4--,dr4 ,port] cor4 7#aj47 ,if ^! words book & p5 _c be put toge!r 9 su* a way z w con/itute plurality1 !n !y _c be '^! words2' & !n1 also1 "o & "o _c be two4--,james ,br[n cor4 7#aa47 ,nor c ! real p5 & ! real book be add$ or c\nt$ toge!r 9 words1 9 su* a mann] z w n con/itute plurality 9 gramm>4--,id4 7#ab47 ,our is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! possessive case4 ,murray does n decl9e x4--,mur4 cor4 7#ac47 ,?is & t1 & _! plurals ^! & ^?1 are (t5 oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 a s5t5ce4 ,:5 ?is or t is us$ alone1 i4e41 )\t contra/1 ?is is appli$ to :at is pres5t or ne>2 t1 to :at is abs5t or di/ant4--,bu*anan cor4 7#ad47 ,active & neut] v]bs may be conjugat$ by add+ _! imp]fect p>ticiple to ! auxili>y v]b be1 ?r\gh all its v>iations4--,be is an auxili>y :5ev] x is plac$ be=e ei!r ! p]fect or ! imp]fect p>ticiple ( an o!r v]b2 b1 9 e o!r situation1 x is a pr9cipal v]b4--,kirkham cor4 7#ae47 ,a v]b 9 ! imp]ative mood is almo/ always ( ! second p]son4--,! v]bs1 accord+ to a =eign idiom1 or ! poet's lic5se1 are us$ 9 ! imp]ative1 agree+ ) a nom9ative ( ! fir/ or ?ird p]son4--,id4 7#af47 ,a p]sonal pron\n1 is a pron\n t %[s1 by its =m1 ( :at p]son x is4--,pron\ns ( ! fir/ p]son d n disagree 9 p]son ) ! n\ns !y repres5t4--,id4 7#ag47 ,n\ns h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,p]sonal pron\ns h1 l n\ns1 ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,beck cor4 7#ah47 ,9 _m in/ances ! preposition suff]s a *ange & becomes an adv]b by its m]e application4--,l4 ,murray cor4 7#ai47 ,"s n\ns are us$ only 9 ! plural2 z1 a%es1 lit]ati1 m9uti4 ,"s n\ns h ! same =m 9 bo? numb]s2 z1 %eep1 de]1 s]ies1 species4 ,among ! inf]ior p>ts ( spee*1 !re are "s pairs or c\ples4--,rev4 ,d4 ,blair cor4 7#bj47 ,conc]n+ ! pronom9al adjectives1 t may1 or may n1 repres5t _! n\ns4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 7#ba47 ,! ^w a is 9 a few in/ances employ$ 9 ! s5se ( a preposition2 z1 ',simon ,pet] sai? unto !m1 ,i g a fi%+2' i4 e41 ,i g to fi%+4--,weld cor4 7#bb47 ,s1 too1 v]bs t are commonly transitive1 are us$ intransitively1 :5 !y h no object4--,bullions cor4 7#bc47 ,:5 fir/ "y ,m>o1 9 8 b\ndless m9d1 ,a "w t' outla/ imp]ial ,rome design'd4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,viii4--,,( ,,s5seless ,,jumbl+4 ,!re are two numb]s1 call$ ! s+ul> & ! plural1 :i* di/+ui% n\ns z signify+ ei!r "o ?+1 or _m ( ! same k9d4--,dr4 ,h4 ,blair cor4 ,"h ,james ,monroe is address$1 he is spok5 to2 ! "n is !re=e a n\n ( ! second p]son4--,mack cor4 ,! numb] & p]son ( an ,engli% v]b c seldom be asc]ta9$ until its nom9ative is kn[n4--,emmons cor4 ,a n\n ( multitude1 or a s+ul> n\n signify+ _m1 may h a v]b or a pron\n agree+ ) x 9 ei!r numb]2 yet n )\t reg>d to ! import ( ! n\n1 z convey+ ! idea ( unity or plurality4--,l[? et al4 cor4 ,to =m ! pres5t t5se & ! pa/ imp]fect ( our active or neut] v]bs1 ! auxili>y d1 & its pret]it did1 are sometimes us$3 z1 ,i d n[ love2 ,i did !n love4--,l[? cor4 ,if ^! be p]fectly committ$ to memory1 ! le>n] w be able to take tw5ty l9es = 8 second lesson1 & ! task may be increas$ ea* day4--,osborn cor4 ,* is g5]ally s\nd$ 9 ! same mann] z if x 7 t*3 z 9 ,*>les1 *ur*1 *e]fulness1 & *eese4 ,b1 9 ,lat9 or ,greek words1 * is pron\nc$ l k3 z 9 ,*aos1 "*1 *orus1 & *im]a4 ,&1 9 words d]iv$ f ! ,fr5*1 * is s\nd$ l %3 z 9 ,*agr91 *ican]y1 & *aise4--,bucke cor4 ,"s n\ns lit]ally neut]1 are made mascul9e or fem99e by a figure ( spee*4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,9 ! ,engli% language1 words may be classifi$ "u t5 g5]al heads3 ! sorts1 or *ief classes1 ( words1 are usually t]m$ ! t5 p>ts ( spee*4--,nutt+ cor4 ',m]cy is ! true badge ( nobility4' ,nobility is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case2 & is gov]n$ by (4--,kirkham cor4 ,gh is ei!r sil5t1 z 9 pl\gh1 or has ! s\nd ( f1 z 9 laugh4--,t[n cor4 ,_m nations 7 de/roy$1 & z _m languages or dialects 7 lo/ & blott$ out f ! g5]al catalogue4--,*azotte cor4 ,"s languages conta9 a great] numb] ( moods ?an o!rs1 & ea* exhibits its own z =ms peculi> to itself4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,a ,,simile is a simple & express comp>ison2 & is g5]ally introduc$ by l1 z1 or s4--,id4 ,see ,in/41 p4 #bcc4 ,! ^w :at is sometimes improp]ly us$ = ! conjunction t4--,prie/ley1 ,murray1 et al41 cor4 ,br[n makes no ado 9 condemn+ ! absurd pr9ciples ( prec$+ works1 9 relation to ! g5d] ( pron\ns4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,! nom9ative usually prec$es ! v]b1 & d5otes ! ag5t ( ! action4--,wm4 ,beck cor4 ,primitive words are ^? :i* are n =m$ f o!r words m simple4--,wright cor4 ,9 monosyllables1 ! s+le v[el i always pres]ves its long s\nd be=e a s+le consonant ) e f9al2 z 9 ?9e1 /rive3 except 9 give & live1 :i* are %ort2 & 9 %ire1 :i* has ! s\nd ( long e4--,l4 ,murray1 et al4 cor4 ,b ! p]son or ?+ t is m]ely spok5 (1 be+ frequ5tly abs5t1 & p]haps 9 _m respects unkn[n to ! he>]1 x is ?\ght m necess>y1 t ! ?ird p]son %\ld be m>k$ by a di/9ction ( g5d]4--,l[?1 ,mur41 et al41 cor4 ,bo? v[els ( e diph?ong 71 d\btless1 orig9ally vocal4 ,?\gh 9 _m in/ances !y are n s at pres5t1 ! comb9ations 9 :i* "o only is he>d1 /ill reta9 ! "n ( diph?ongs1 be+ di/+ui%$ f o!rs by ! t]m improp]4--,l4 ,mur41 et al4 cor4 ,moods are diff]5t =ms ( ! v]b1 ea* ( :i* expresses ! be+1 action1 or passion1 9 "s p>ticul> mann]4--,in/41 p4 #cc2 ,a4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! ^w ,,t is a demon/rative adjective1 :5ev] x is foll[$ by a n\n to :i* x ref]s4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! guilty s\l by ,jesus wa%'d1 ,is future glory's dea?less heir4--,fairfield cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,ix4--,,( ,,words ,,ne$less4 ,a k ( gramm> enables u to express ourselves bett] 9 conv]sation & 9 writ+4--,sanborn cor4 ,& h5ce we inf]1 t !re is no dictator "h b use4--,jamieson cor4 ,:5ce little is ga9$1 except correct spell+ & pronunciation4--,t[n cor4 ,! man :o is fai?fully atta*$ to religion1 may be reli$ on ) confid5ce4--,m]*ant cor4 ,%alt ?\ build me a h\se to dwell 98 ,or3 ,%alt ?\ build a h\se = me to dwell 98--,bible cor4 ,! h\se 0 deem$ pollut$ :i* 0 ent]$ by s ab&on$ a woman4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! f>!r he se>*es1 ! firm] w be 8 belief4--,kei? cor4 ,i d5y n t religion consi/s 9 ^! ?+s4--,b>clay cor4 ,except ! k+ delight$ 9 h]1 & %e 7 call$ by "n4--,bible cor4 ,! prop] me?od ( read+ ^! l9es1 is1 to read !m z ! s5se dictates4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,:5 any words become obsolete1 or are us$ only 9 p>ticul> phrases1 x is bett] to disp5se ) _! s]vice entirely1 & give up ! phrases4--,campbell & ,mur cor4 ,^? savage p seem$ to h no elem5t b w>4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,man is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & nom9ative case4--,j4 ,fl9t cor4 ,! orator1 z circum/ances require1 w employ !m all4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,by def]r+ rep5t5ce sic--,,k?1 we accumulate our sorr[s4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,!re is no d\bt t public speak+ became e>ly an eng9e ( gov]nm5t4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! diff]5t mean+s ( ^! two words1 may n at fir/ occur4--,id4 ,! s5tim5t is well express$ by ,plato1 b mu* bett] by ,solomon4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,!y h _h a great] privilege ?an we4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,e ?+ %\ld be s arrang$1 t :at goes be=e1 may give light & =ce to :at foll[s4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,s t 8 doctr9es 7 embrac$ by great numb]s4--,hi/4 cor4 ,!y h tak5 an o!r & %ort] cut4--,s\? cor4 ,! imp]fect t5se ( a regul> v]b is =m$ f ! pres5t by add+ d or ed2 z1 love1 lov$4--,fro/ cor4 ,! pron\n _! does n agree 9 numb] ) ! n\n 'man'1 = :i* x /&s4--,kirkham cor4 ,?is m>k 6 d5otes wond]1 surprise1 joy1 grief1 or sudd5 emotion4--,bucke cor4 ,we all are acc\ntable1 ea* = himself4--,l4 ,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,if he has comm&$ x1 ,i mu/ obey4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,i n[ pres5t him a =m ( ! diatonic scale4--,b>b] cor4 ,"o aft] an o!r1 _! fav\rite riv]s h be5 reluctantly ab&on$4 ,or3 ,"o aft] an o!r ( _! fav\rite riv]s h !y reluctantly ab&on$4--,hodgson cor4 ,p>ticul> & peculi> are words ( diff]5t import4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,"s adv]bs admit ( comp>ison2 z1 soon1 soon]1 soone/4--,bucke cor4 ,hav+ expos$ himself too freely 9 diff]5t climates1 he entirely lo/ 8 heal?4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! v]b mu/ agree ) its nom9ative 9 numb] & p]son4--,bu*anan cor4 ,write tw5ty %ort s5t5ces conta9+ adjectives4--,abbott cor4 ,?is g5]al t5d5cy ( ! language seems to h giv5 occasion to a v great corruption4-- ,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,! second requisite ( a p]fect s5t5ce is unity4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to apologize = omitt+ _! names4--,id4 ,! lett]s ( ! ,engli% alphabet are tw5ty-six4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,he :o employs antiquat$ or novel phraseology1 mu/ d x ) design2 he _c err f inadv]t5ce1 z he may ) respect to prov9cial or vulg> expressions4--,jamieson cor4 ,! vocative case1 9 "s gramm>s1 is :olly omitt$2 :y1 if we mu/ h cases1 ,i c\ld nev] und]/&4--,bucke cor4 ,active v]bs are conjugat$ ) ! auxili>y v]b h2 passive v]bs1 ) ! auxili>y am or be4--,id4 ,:at !n may ,,& be call$8 ,a conjunction4--,smi? cor4 ,h !y asc]ta9$ :o gave ! in=mation8--,bullions cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,x4--,,( ,,improp] ,,omissions4 ,all words signify+ concrete qualities ( ?+s1 are call$ adn\ns1 or adjectives4--,rev4 ,d4 ,blair cor4 ,! macron signifies a long or acc5t$ syllable1 & ! breve indicates a %ort or unacc5t$ syllable4--,id4 ,^: duty x is1 to help "y m9i/]s4--,fri5ds cor4 ,! passage is closely connect$ ) :at prec$es & :at foll[s4--,phil4 ,mu4 cor4 ,! "w is n complet$1 b x soon w be4--,r4 ,c4 ,smi? cor4 ,( :om ha/ ?\ be5 afraid1 or :om ha/ ?\ fe>$8--,bible cor4 ,!re is a ,god :o made1 & :o gov]ns1 ! _w4--,bp4 ,butl] cor4 ,x 0 ?is t made !m s haughty4--,goldsmi? cor4 ,h[ f> ! :ole *>ge affect$ him1 x is n easy to det]m9e4--,id4 ,!y saw ^! wond]s ( nature1 & wor%ip$ ! ,god t made !m4--,bucke cor4 ,! errors frequ5t 9 ! use ( hyp]boles1 arise ei!r f ov]/ra9+ !m1 or f introduc+ !m on unsuitable occasions4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! preposition 9 is set be=e ! names ( c\ntries1 cities1 & l>ge t[ns2 z1 ',he lives 9 ,france1 9 ,london1 or 9 ,birm+ham4' ,b1 be=e ! names ( villages1 s+le h\ses1 or =eign cities1 at is us$2 z1 ',he lives at ,hackney4'--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,&1 9 su* recollection1 ! ?+ is n figur$ z 9 our view1 nor is any image =m$4--,kames cor4 ,intr9sic beauty & relative beauty mu/ be h&l$ sep>ately4--,id4 ,he %\ld be on 8 gu>d n to d !m inju/ice by disguis+ !m or plac+ !m 9 a false light4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,9 p]us+ t "w1 we are frequ5tly int]rupt$ by ! au?or's unnatural ?\ghts4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,to ?is po9t h t5d$ all ! rules :i* ,i h j giv54--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,to ?is po9t h t5d$ all ! rules :i* h j be5 giv54--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,language1 z writt51 or z oral1 is address$ to ! eye1 or to ! e>4--,j\rnal cor4 ,he w le>n1 ,sir1 t to accuse & to prove are v diff]5t4--,walpole cor4 ,!y cr[d$ ar\nd ! door s z to prev5t o!rs f go+ out4--,abbott cor4 ,a ^w d5ot+ "o p]son or ?+1 is ( ! s+ul> numb]2 a ^w d5ot+ m ?an "o p]son or ?+3 is ( ! plural numb]4--,j4 ,fl9t cor4 ,n\ns1 accord+ to ! s5se or relation 9 :i* !y are us$1 are 9 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 or ! objective case3 ?us1 ,nom4 man4 ,poss4 man's1 ,obj4 man4--,rev4 ,d4 ,blair cor4 ,n\ns or pron\ns 9 ! possessive case are plac$ be=e ! n\ns :i* gov]n !m1 & to :i* !y belong4--,sanborn cor4 ,a tea*] is expla9+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 a n\n & a v]b4--,abbott cor4 ,& !re=e ! two ends1 or extremities1 mu/ directly answ] to ! nor? & ! s\? pole4--,h>ris cor4 ,,walks or ,,walke?1 ,,rides or ,,ride?1 & ,,/&s or ,,/&e?1 are ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,kirkham cor4 ,i grew imm$iately rogui% & pleasant1 to a high degree1 9 ! same /ra94--,swift cor4 ,an ,anape/ has ! fir/ two syllables unacc5t$1 & ! la/ "o acc5t$4--,rev4 ,d4 ,blair cor42 also ,kirkham et al42 also ,l4 ,mur4 et al4 ,b he>+ & vision diff] n m ?an words spok5 & words writt54 ,or3 ,b he>+ & vision d n diff] m ?an spok5 words & writt54--,wilson cor4 ,!y are consid]$ by "s au?ors to be prepositions4--,coop] cor4 ,:5 ^? p[]s h be5 delud$ & h gone a/ray4--,phil ,mu4 cor4 ,!y w und]/& ?is1 & w l x4--,abbott cor4 ,!y _h be5 expell$ f _! native c\ntry ,romagna4--,hunt cor4 ,future "t is express$ 9 two diff]5t ways4--,adam & ,g\ld cor4 ,su* z ! borr[+ ( "s not$ ev5t f hi/ory4--,kames cor4 ,e f9ite v]b mu/ agree ) its nom9ative 9 numb] & p]son4--,bucke cor4 ,we are /ruck1 we "k n h[1 ) ! symmetry ( any h&some ?+ we see4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,"u ?is head1 ,i %all consid] e ?+ t is necess>y to a good deliv]y4--,%]idan cor4 ,a good e> is ! gift ( nature2 x may be mu* improv$1 b x _c be acquir$ by art4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ',tru?' is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4--,bullions cor4 by ,br[n's ,=m4 ',possess' is a regul> active-transitive v]b1 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & plural numb]4--,id4 ',fe>' is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case3 & is ! subject ( is3 accord+ to ! ,rule :i* says1 ',a n\n or a pron\n :i* is ! subject ( a f9ite v]b1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4' ,because ! mean+ is--'fe> is4'--,id4 ',is' is an irregul> neut] v]b1 f be1 01 be+1 be52 f\nd 9 ! indicative mood1 pres5t t5se1 ?ird p]son1 & s+ul> numb]3 & agrees ) its nom9ative fe>2 accord+ to ! ,rule :i* says1 ',e f9ite v]b mu/ agree ) its subject1 or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]' ,because ! mean+ is--'fe> is4'--,id4 ,ae 9 ! ^w ,glic1 has ! s\nd ( long a4--,wells cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xi4--,,( ,,lit]>y ,,blund]s4 ,repeat "s adv]bs t are compos$ ( ! prefix or preposition a & n\ns4--,kirkham cor4 ,p>ticiples are s call$1 because !y p>ticipate or p>take ! prop]ties ( v]bs & ( adjectives or n\ns4 ,! ,lat9 ^w p>ticipium1 :i* signifies a p>ticiple1 is d]iv$ f p>ticipo1 to p>take4--,m]*ant cor4 ,! possessive prec$es an o!r n\n1 & is kn[n by ! sign 's1 or by ?is '1 ! apo/rophe only4--,beck cor4 ,reciprocal pron\ns1 or comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns1 are =m$ by add+ self or selves to ! simple possessives ( ! fir/ & second p]sons1 & to ! objectives ( ! ?ird p]son2 z1 myself1 y\rselves1 himself1 !mselves4--,id4 ,! ^w ,,self1 & its plural ,,selves1 :5 us$ sep>ately z names1 mu/ be consid]$ z n\ns2 b :5 jo9$ to ! simple pron\ns1 !y are n n\ns1 b p>ts ( ! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns4--,wright cor4 ,! ,spondee 'rolls r\nd1' expresses beautifully ! maje/y ( ! sun 9 8 c\rse4--,web/] & ,frazee cor4 ,active-transitive v]bs gov]n ! objective case2 z1 ',john le>n$ 8 lesson4'--,frazee cor4 ,prosody prim>ily signifi$ acc5t1 or ! modulation ( ! voice2 &1 z ! "n implies1 relat$ to poetry1 or song4--,h5drick cor4 ,on su* a pr9ciple ( =m+ !m1 !re w\ld be z _m moods z v]bs2 &1 9 /ead ( f\r moods1 we %\ld h f\r ?\s& ?ree hundr$1 :i* is ! numb] ( v]bs 9 ! ,engli% language1 accord+ to ,l[?4 #eef--;,hallock cor4 ,! phrases1 ',to let out blood1'--',to g a hunt+1' are n elliptical2 = out is ne$less1 & a is a preposition1 gov]n+ hunt+4--,bullions cor4 ,9 ,rhyme1 ! la/ syllable ( e l9e corresponds 9 s\nd ) t ( "s o!r l9e or l9es4--,id4 ,! possessive case plural1 :]e ! nom9ative ends 9 s1 has ! apo/rophe only2 z1 ',eagles' w+s1'--'lions' :elps1'--'be>s' claws4'--,weld cor4 ',horses-manes1' plural1 %\ld be writt5 possessively1 'horses' manes3' "o mane is nev] possess$ by _m horses4--,id4 ,w takes its usual =m f ! union ( two ,vees1 ,v be+ ! figure ( ! ,roman capital lett] :i* 0 anci5tly call$ ,u4--,f[l] cor4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ',i saw ! lady :o s+s1' :at ^w is nom9ative to ,,s+s8--,j4 ,fl9t cor4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ',?is is ! p5 :i* ,john made1' :at ^w expresses ! object ( ,,made8--,id4 ',t we fall into no s93' no is a def9itive or pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$1 & relates to s94--,rev4 ,d4 ,blair cor4 ',t all our do+s may be ord]$ by ?y gov]nance3' all is a pronom9al adjective1 n comp>$1 & relates to do+s4--,id4 ',let him be made to /udy4' ,:y is ! sign to express$ be=e /udy8 ,because be made is passive2 & passive v]bs d n take ! inf9itive aft] !m )\t ! preposition to4--,sanborn cor4 ,! foll[+ v]bs h bo? ! pret]it t5se & ! p]fect p>ticiple l ! pres5t3 viz41 ,ca/1 cut1 co/1 %ut1 let1 bid1 %$1 hurt1 hit1 put1 c4--,bu*anan cor4 ,! agreem5t :i* any ^w has ) an o!r 9 p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 or case1 is call$ ,,concord2 & ! p[] :i* "o ^w has ov] an o!r1 9 respect to rul+ its case1 mood1 or =m1 is call$ ,,gov]nm5t4--,bucke cor4 ,! ^w ticks tells :at ! wat* is do+4--,sanborn cor4 ,! ,breve 77 m>ks a %ort v[el or syllable1 & ! ,macron 771 a long "o4--,bullions & ,l5nie cor4 ',*>les1 y1 by y\r dilig5ce1 make easy "w ( ! task giv5 y by y\r preceptor4' ,! fir/ y is 9 ! nom9ative case1 be+ ! subject ( ! v]b make4--,kirkham cor4 ,uoy 9 buoy is a prop] triph?ong2 eau 9 flambeau is an improp] triph?ong4--,sanborn cor4 ',:ile ,i ( ?+s to come1 ,z pa/ rehe>s+1 s+4'--,,pollok4 ,t is1 ',:ile ,i s+ ( ?+s to come1 z if ,i 7 rehe>s+ ?+s t are pa/4'--,kirkham cor4 ,a simple s5t5ce usually has 9 x b "o nom9ative1 & b "o f9ite v]b4--,folk] cor4 ,an irregul> v]b is a v]b t does n =m ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple by assum+ d or ed4--,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #ge4 ,b1 :5 ! antec$5t is us$ 9 a re/rict$ s5se1 a comma is sometimes ins]t$ be=e ! relative2 z1 ',!re is no *>m 9 ! female sex1 :i* c supply ! place ( virtue4'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bgc4 ,or3 ,b1 :5 ! antec$5t is us$ 9 a re/rict$ s5se1 no comma is usually ins]t$ be=e ! relative2 z1 ',!re is 9 ! female sex no *>m :i* c supply ! place ( virtue4'--,kirkham cor4 ,two capitals us$ 9 ?is way1 d5ote diff]5t words2 b "o repeat$1 m>ks ! plural numb]3 z1 ,l4 ,d4 ,legis ,doctor2 ,,ll4 ,d4 ,legum ,doctor4--,g\ld cor4 ,0 any p]son pres5t besides ! m]c]8 ,yes2 8 cl]k4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! ^w adjective comes f ! ,lat9 adjectivum2 & ?is1 f ad1 to1 & jacio1 ,i ca/4--,kirkham cor4 ,vision1 or ,imag]y1 is a figure by :i* ! speak] repres5ts ! objects ( 8 imag9ation1 z actually be=e 8 eyes1 & pres5t to 8 s5ses4 ,?us ,cic]o1 9 8 f\r? oration aga9/ ,catal9e3 ',i seem to myself to behold ?is city1 ! ornam5t ( ! e>?1 & ! capital ( all nations1 sudd5ly involv$ 9 "o conflagration4 ,i see be=e me ! slaught]$ heaps ( citiz5s ly+ unburi$ 9 ! mid/ ( _! ru9$ c\ntry4 ,! furi\s c\nt5ance ( ,ce?e'gus rises to my view1 :ile ) savage joy he is triumph+ 9 y\r mis]ies4'--,dr4 ,blair cor42 also ,l4 ,murray4 ,:5 two or m v]bs foll[ ! same nom9ative1 an auxili>y t is common to !m bo? or all1 is usually express$ to ! fir/1 & und]/ood to ! re/3 z1 ',he has gone & left me2' t is1 ',he has gone & has left me4'--,comly cor4 ,:5 ,i use ! ^w pill> to d5ote a column t supports an edifice1 ,i employ x lit]ally4--,hiley cor4 ,9 poetry1 ! conjunction nor is (t5 us$ = nei!r2 z ',a /ately sup]/ructure1 t nor w9d1 ,nor wave1 nor %ock ( fall+ ye>s1 c\ld move4'--,,pollok4--,id4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xii--,,( ,,p]v]sions4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4--,g5esis1 i1 #a4 ,can/ ?\ by se>*+ f9d out ,god8--,job1 xi1 #g4 ,great & m>vell\s are ?y works1 ,"l ,god ,almighty2 j & true are ?y ways1 ?\ ,k+ ( sa9ts4--,rev41 xv4 #c4 ,n e "o t sai? unto me1 ,"l1 ,"l1 %all ent] into ! k+dom ( heav54--,matt41 vii1 #ba4 ,?\gh he 0 ri*1 yet = y\r sakes he became poor4--#b ,cor41 viii1 #i4 ,^: f\ndation 0 ov]?r[n ) a flood4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,job1 xxii1 #af4 ,take my yoke ^u y1 & le>n ( me2 c4--,matt41 xi1 #bi4 ,i g to prep>e a place = y4--,john1 xiv1 #b4 ,& y ha? he quick5$1 :o 7 dead 9 trespasses & s9s4--,ephesians1 ii1 #a4 ,g1 flee !e away into ! l& ( ,judah4--,amos1 vii1 #ab2 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #dd4 ,or3 ,g1 flee away into ! l& ( ,judah4--,h>t cor4 ,hi!rto %alt ?\ come1 b no fur!r4--,job1 xxxviii1 #aa4 ,! day is ?9e1 ! night also is ?9e4--,psal41 lxxiv1 #af4 ,tribulation worke? pati5ce2 & pati5ce1 exp]i5ce2 & exp]i5ce1 hope4--,romans1 v1 #d4 ,!n %all ! du/ return to ! e>? z x 02 & ! _s %all return unto ,god :o gave x4--,ecclesia/es1 xii1 #g4 ,at ! la/ x bite? l a s]p5t1 & /+e? l an add]4 ,?9e eyes %all behold /range wom51 & ?9e he>t %all utt] p]v]se ?+s3 ,yea1 ?\ %alt be z he t lie? d[n 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4--,prov41 xxiii1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd4 ,! memory ( ! j is bless$2 b ! "n ( ! wick$ %all rot4--,prov41 x1 #g4 ,he t is sl[ to ang]1 is bett] ?an ! mighty2 & he t rule? 8 _s1 ?an he t take? a city4--,prov41 xvi1 #cb4 ,= :om ! ,"l love?1 he correcte?2 ev5 z a fa!r ! son 9 :om he delighte?4--,prov41 iii1 #ab4 ,! fir/-future t5se is t :i* expresses :at w take place h]eaft]4--,br[n's ,in/4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,tea* me to feel ano!r's woe1 ,to hide ! fault ,i see4--,pope's ,univ4 ,pray]4 ,surely ?\ art "o ( !m2 = ?\ art a ,galilean4--,m>k1 xiv1 #gj4 ,surely ?\ also art "o ( !m2 = ?y spee* bewraye? !e4--,matt41 xxvi1 #gc4 ,/rait is ! gate1 & n>r[ is ! way1 :i* leade? unto life4--,matt41 vii1 #ad4 ,?\ builde/ ! wall1 t ?\ maye/ be _! k+4--,nehemiah1 vi1 #f4 ,!re is =giv5ess ) !e1 t ?\ maye/ be fe>$4--,psalms1 cxxx1 #d4 ,b ye/]day1 ! ^w ( ,cs> might ,h /ood aga9/ ! _w4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #bej4 ,! ,nor?-,ea/ sp5ds 8 rage4--,?omson's ,seasons1 p4 #cd4 ,tells h[ ! drudg+ gobl9 swet4--,milton's ,allegro1 l4 #aje4 ,& to 8 fai?ful *ampion ha? 9 place ,borne witness glori\sly4--,milton's ,sam4 ,agon41 l4 #ageb4 ,!n1 if ?\ fall'/1 ,o ,cromwell1 ,?\ fall'/ a bless$ m>tyr4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #agc4 ,bett]3 ,!n1 if ?\ fall1 ,o ,cromwell6 ?\ fall/ a bless$ m>tyr4--,%ak4 & ,kirk4 cor4 ,i see ! dagg]-cre/ ( ,m>1 ,i see ! ,moray's silv] />1 ,wave o'er ! cl\d ( ,saxon w>1 ,t up ! lake comes w9d+ f>6--,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake1 p4 #afb4 ,ea* bea/1 ea* insect1 happy 9 its own4--,pope1 on ,man1 ,ep4 i1 l4 #ahe4 ,& he t is le>n+ to arrange 8 s5t5ces ) accuracy & ord]1 is le>n+1 at ! same "t1 to ?9k ) accuracy & ord]4--,blair's ,lect41 p4 #abj4 ,we1 !n1 z work]s toge!r ) him1 besee* y also t ye receive n ! grace ( ,god 9 va94--#b ,cor41 vi1 #a4 ,& on ! b\ndless ( ?y goodness calls4--,"y's ,la/ ,day1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #cbj4 ,k dwells ,9 heads replete ) ?\ghts ( o!r m52 ,wisdom1 9 m9ds att5tive to _! own4--,c[p]'s ,task1 ,b4 vi1 l4 #ij4 ,o6 let me li/5 to ! words ( life6--,?omson's ,p>aphrase on ,matt4 vi4 ,save t1 f yond] ivy-mantl$ t[]4 c4--,gray's ,elegy1 l4 #i4 ,weighs ! m5's wits aga9/ ! ,lady's hair4--,pope's ,rape ( ! ,lock1 ,canto v1 l4 #gb4 ,till ! publication ( ,dr4 ,l[?'s small ,introduction1 ! grammatical /udy ( our language =m$ no "p ( ! ord9>y me?od ( in/ruction4--,hiley's ,preface1 p4 vi4 ,let !re be no /rife1 ,i pray !e1 betwe5 me & !e4--,g541 xiii1 #h4 ,:at6 can/ ?\ n =be> me half an h\r8--,%akspe>e4 ,till !n :o knew ! =ce ( ^? dire arms8--,milton4 ,9 words1 z fa%ions1 ! same rule w hold2 ,alike fanta/ic1 if too new or old3 ,be n ! fir/ by :om ! new are tri$ ,nor yet ! la/ to lay ! old aside4--,pope1 on ,criticism1 l4 #ccc4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xiii4--,,( ,,awkw>dness4 ,!y slew ,v>us1 :om ,i m5tion$ be=e4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,m>ia reject$ ,val]ius1 :om %e _h reject$ be=e4 ,or3 ,m>ia reject$ ,val]ius a second "t4--,id4 ,9 ! ,engli% language1 n\ns h b two diff]5t t]m9ations = cases4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,socrates & ,plato 7 ! wise/ m51 & ! mo/ em95t philosoph]s 9 ,greece4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 viii4 ,:e!r m ?an "o 7 conc]n$ 9 ! bus9ess1 does n yet appe>4 ,or3 ,h[ _m 7 conc]n$ 9 ! bus9ess1 does n yet appe>4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,& t1 consequ5tly1 ! v]b or pron\n agree+ ) x1 c nev] ) propriety be us$ 9 ! plural numb]4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,a second help may be1 frequ5t & free conv]se ) o!rs ( y\r own sex :o are l m9d$4--,wesley cor4 ,f\r ( ! semiv[els1 namely1 l1 m1 n1 & r1 are t]m$ ,,liquids1 on acc\nt ( ! flu5cy ( _! s\nds4--,see ,br[n's ,in/41 p4 #af4 ,"s conjunctions are us$ 9 pairs1 s t "o answ]s to an o!r1 z its regul> correspond5t4--,l[? et al4 cor4 ,! mutes are ^? consonants ^: s\nds _c be protract$2 ! semiv[els h imp]fect s\nds ( _! own1 :i* c be cont9u$ at pleasure4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,,he & ,,%e are sometimes us$ z n\ns1 &1 z su*1 are regul>ly decl9$3 z1 ',! hes 9 birds4'--,,bacon4 ',! %es ( ,italy4'--,,%ak4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,! sep>ation ( a preposition f ! ^w :i* x gov]ns1 is c5sur$ by "s writ]s1 z be+ improp]4--,c4 ,adams cor4 ,! ^w ,,^:1 accord+ to "s critics1 %\ld be re/rict$ to p]sons2 b good writ]s /ill occasionally use x ) ref]5ce to ?+s4--,prie/ley et al4 cor4 ,new & surpass+ wond]s pres5t !mselves to our view4--,%]lock cor4 ,! degrees ( comp>ison are (t5 inaccurately appli$ & con/ru$4--,alg]'s ,murray4 ,or3 ,passages are (t5 f\nd 9 :i* ! degrees ( comp>ison h n an accurate con/ruction4--,campbell cor42 also ,murray et al4 ,! sign ( possession is plac$ too f> f ! "n1 to =m a con/ruction t is ei!r p]spicu\s or agreeable4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! simple t5ses are ^? :i* are =m$ by ! pr9cipal v]b )\t an auxili>y4--,id4 ,! m intimate m5 are1 ! m !y affect "o ano!r's happ9ess4--,id4 ,?is is ! ma*9e t he inv5t$4--,nixon cor4 ,to give ?is s5t5ce ! int]rogative =m1 we mu/ express x ?us4 ,or3 ,?is s5t5ce1 to h ! int]rogative =m1 %\ld be express$ ?us4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,nev] employ words t are susceptible ( a s5se diff]5t f t :i* y int5d to convey4--,hiley cor4 ,sixty pages are occupi$ 9 expla9+ :at1 accord+ to ! ord9>y me?od1 w\ld n require m ?an t5 or twelve4--,id4 ,! p>ticiple 9 + always expresses action1 suff]+1 or be+1 z cont9u+1 or 9 progress4--,bullions cor4 ,! fir/ p>ticiple ( all active v]bs1 has usually an active signification2 z1 ',james is build+ ! h\se4' ,(t51 h[ev]1 x takes a passive mean+2 z1 ',! h\se is build+4'--,id4 ,previ\sly to p>s+ ?is s5t5ce1 ! "y pupil may be taught to analyze x1 by su* que/ions z ! foll[+3 viz4--,id4 ,s9ce t p]iod1 h[ev]1 att5tion has be5 paid to ?is important subject4--,id4 & ,hiley cor4 ,a def9ition ( a ^w is a brief explanation ( :at x means4--,g4 ,,br[n3 ,hiley cor4 ,,"u ,,critical ,,note ,,xiv4--,,( ,,ignorance4 ,:at is a v]b8 ,x is a ^w :i* signifies to be1 to act1 or to be act$ ^u4 ,or ?us3 ,:at is an ass]tor8 ,ans4 ',"o :o affirms positively2 an affirm]1 support]1 or v9dicator4'--,,web/]',s ,,dict4--,peirce cor4 ,virgil wrote ! neid4--,kirkham cor4 ,:i*1 to a sup]cili\s or inconsid]ate native ( ,japan1 w\ld seem v idle & imp]t95t4--,locke cor4 ,w n a look ( disda9 ca/ ^u y ?r[ y into a f]m5t8--,say cor4 ,?\gh only ! conjunction if is "h set be=e ! v]b1 !re are sev]al o!rs1 7z t1 ?\gh1 le/1 unless1 except17 :i* may be us$ ) ! subjunctive mood4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:5 prop] names h an article be=e !m1 !y are us$ z common names4--,id4 et al4 cor4 ,:5 a prop] n\n has an article be=e x1 x is us$ z a common n\n4--,m]*ant cor4 ,seem+ to rob ! dea?-field ( its t]rors4--,id4 ,= ! same reason1 we might1 )\t any detrim5t to ! language1 disp5se ) ! t]m9ations ( our v]bs 9 ! s+ul>4--,kirkham cor4 ,x removes all possibility ( be+ misund]/ood4--,abbott cor4 ,approximation to p]fection is all t we c expect4--,id4 ,i h (t5 jo9$ 9 s++ ) musicians at ,norwi*4--,g>d9] cor4 ,:5 n /&+ 9 regul> prosaic ord]4 ,or3--9 ! regul> ord] ( prose4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,reg>dless ( ! dogmas & edicts ( ! philosophical umpire4--,kirkham cor4 ,o!rs beg9 to talk be=e _! m\?s are op51 prefix+ ! m\?-clos+ ,m to mo/ ( _! words2 z1 ',m-yes1' = ',yes4'--,g>d9] cor4 ,t not$ close ( 8 'esse videatur1' expos$ him to c5sure among 8 contempor>ies4--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,a man's own is :at he has1 or possesses by "r2 ! ^w own be+ a pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b to owe1 :i* =m]ly signifi$ to h or possess4--,kirkham cor4 ,z requires s2 express+ a comp>ison ( mann]2 z1 ',z ! "o die?1 s die? ! o!r4'--,l4 ,mur4 et al4 cor4 ,to obey our p>5ts1 is an obvi\s duty4--,p>k] & ,fox cor4 ,almo/ all ! political pap]s ( ! k+dom h t\*$ ^u ^! ?+s4--,h4 ,c4 ,wright cor4 ,i %all take ! lib]ty to make a few obs]vations on ! subject4--,hiley cor4 ,8 loss ,i h endeav\r$ to supply1 s f> z by additional vigilance & indu/ry ,i c\ld4--,id4 ,t !y %\ld make vegetation s exub]ant z to anticipate e want4--,frazee cor4 ,! guillemets1 or quotation po9ts1 d5ote t "o or m words are extract$ f an o!r au?or4--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,n9eveh1 ! capital ( ,assyria1 0 "o ( ! mo/ not$ cities ( anci5t times4--,id4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be r5d]$ def9ite by ! m5tion ( "s p>ticul> "t2 z1 ye/]day1 la/ week1 c4--,bullions cor4 ,! la/ is call$ h]oic measure1 & is ! same t is us$ by ,milton1 ,"y1 ,?omson1 ,pollok4 c4--,id4 ,p]5nial ones mu/ be s\ght 9 ! delightful regions above4--,hallock cor4 ,intransitive v]bs are ^? :i* are insep>able f ! effect produc$4 ,or bett]3 ,intransitive v]bs are ^? :i* express action )\t gov]n+ an object4--,cutl] cor4 ,! ,fem99e g5d] belongs to wom51 & animals ( ! female k9d4--,id4 ,wo unto y1 scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites6--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,luke1 xi1 #dd4 ,a pyrrhic1 :i* has bo? its syllables %ort4--,day cor4 ,:at k9d ( jessam9e8 ,a jessam9e 9 fl[]1 or a fl[]y jessam9e4--,b>rett cor4 ,,language1 a ^w d]iv$ f ,,l+ua1 ! tongue1 n[ signifies any s]ies ( s\nds or lett]s =m$ into words1 & us$ = ! expression ( ?\ght4--,id4 ,see ?is ,gram4 ( ,e4 ,gramm>s1 p4 #ade4 ,say 'none1' n 'ne'er a "o4'--,/ani=d cor4 ',e'er a "o1' is sometimes us$ = 'any' or 'ei!r4'--,pond cor4 ,e>? loses ?y patt]n = ev] & aye2 ,o sailor-boy6 sailor-boy6 peace to ?y s\l4 --,dymond4 ,8 br[ 0 sad2 8 eye b5ea? ,fla%$ l a fal*ion f its %ea?4 --,longfell['s ,ballads1 p4 #abi4 ,fi/ ,! examples exhibit$ = ex]cises "u ,critical ,notes #ae? & #af?1 be+ judg$ ei!r incapable ( correction1 or unwor?y ( ! endeav\r1 are submitt$ to ! criticism ( ! read]1 )\t any attempt to am5d !m1 or to (f] sub/itutes 9 ?is place4 ,,promiscu\s ,,corrections ,,( ,,false ,,syntax4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,:y is our language less ref9$ ?an t ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,france8--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,:y is our language less ref9$ ?an ! ,fr5*8--,+]soll cor4 ,i believe y\r ,lord%ip w agree ) me1 9 ! reason :y our language is less ref9$ ?an t ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,france4--,swift cor4 ,ev5 9 ?is %ort s5t5ce1 ':y our language is less ref9$ ?an ^? ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,france1' we may disc]n an inaccuracy2 ! pronom9al adjective '^?' is made plural1 :5 ! sub/antive to :i* x ref]s1 or ! ?+ = :i* x /&s1 '! language ( ,italy1 ,spa91 or ,france1' is s+ul>4--,dr4 ,h4 ,blair cor4 ,! s5t5ce w\ld h run mu* bett] 9 ?is way3--':y our language is less ref9$ ?an ! ,italian1 ! ,spani%1 or ! ,fr5*4'--,id4 ,b :5 arrang$ 9 an entire s5t5ce1 z !y mu/ be to make a complete s5se1 !y %[ x /ill m evid5tly4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,?is is a m artificial & ref9$ con/ruction1 ?an t 9 :i* ! common connective is simply us$4--,id4 ,i %all pres5t to ! read] a li/ ( c]ta9 prepositions or prefixes1 :i* are d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 & ,greek languages4--,id4 ,a relative sometimes compreh5ds ! mean+ ( a p]sonal pron\n & a copulative conjunction4--,id4 ,p]sonal pron\ns1 be+ us$ to supply ! places ( n\ns1 are n (t5 employ$ 9 ! same clauses ) ! n\ns :i* !y repres5t4--,id4 & ,smi? cor4 ,!re is v seldom any occasion = a sub/itute :]e ! pr9cipal ^w is pres5t4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,we h>dly consid] little *ildr5 z p]sons1 because ! t]m p]son gives u ! idea ( reason1 or intellig5ce4--,prie/ley et al4 cor4 ,! occasions = ex]t+ ^! two qualities are diff]5t4--,dr4 ,blair et al4 cor4 ,i'll tell y ) :om "t ambles )al1 ) :om "t trots )al1 ) :om "t gallops )al1 & ) :om he /&s /ill )al4 ,i pray !e1 ) :om do? he trot )al8--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #abb4 ,by greatness1 ,i mean1 n ! bulk ( any s+le object only b ! l>g5ess ( a :ole view4--,addison cor4 ,! "q may !n be put1 ,:at m does he ?an mean8--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,! "q might be put1 ,:at m does he ?an mean8--,id4 ,he is surpris$ to f9d himself at s great a di/ance f ! object ) :i* he set out4--,id42 also ,murray cor4 ,few rules c be giv5 :i* w hold good 9 all cases4--,l[? & ,mur4 cor4 ,v]sification is ! arrangem5t ( words into metrical l9es1 accord+ to ! laws ( v]se4--,johnson cor4 ,v]sification is ! arrangem5t ( words into rhy?mical l9es ( "s p>ticul> l5g?1 s z to produce h>mony by ! regul> alt]nation ( syllables diff]+ 9 quantity4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,amelia's fri5d ,*>lotte1 to :om no "o imput$ blame1 0 too prompt 9 h] own v9dication4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,mr4 ,pitt's jo9+ ( ! w> p>ty 9 #agic1 ! mo/ /rik+ & ! mo/ fatal in/ance ( ?is (f5ce1 is ! "o :i* at once pres5ts itself4--,br\gham cor4 ,to ! fram+ ( su* a s\nd con/itution ( m9d4--,lady cor4 ',i besee* y1' said ,/4 ,paul to 8 ,ephesian conv]ts1 't ye walk wor?y ( ! vocation :]e) ye are call$4' --,see ,eph41 iv1 #a4 ,s z to prev5t x f be+ equal to t4--,boo? cor4 ,:5 speak+ ( an action z be+ p]=m$4 ,or3 ,:5 speak+ ( ! p]=mance ( an action4--,id4 ,&1 9 all que/ions ( actions be+ s p]=m$1 e/ is add$ = ! second p]son4--,id4 ,no acc\nt c be giv5 ( ?is1 b t cu/om has bl9d$ _! eyes4 ,or3 ,no o!r acc\nt c be giv5 ( ?is1 ?an t cu/om has bl9d$ _! eyes4--,dymond cor4 ,design1 or *ance1 makes o!rs wive2 ,b nature did ?is mat* contrive4--,wall] cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,i suppose ea* ( y ?9ks x is 8 own nail4--,abbott cor4 ,!y are useless1 because !y are app>5tly bas$ ^u ?is supposition4--,id4 ,! =m1 or mann]1 9 :i* ?is plan may be adopt$ is v>i\s4--,id4 ,! mak+ ( intellectual ef=t1 & ! acquir+ ( k1 are always pleasant to ! human m9d4--,id4 ,?is w d m ?an ! be/ lecture t ev] 0 deliv]$4--,id4 ,! do+ ( easy ?+s is g5]ally dull "w4--,id4 ,su* are ! tone & mann] ( "s tea*]s4--,id4 ,well1 ! fault is1 t "s "o 0 disord]ly at pray] "t4--,id4 ,d y rememb] to h spok5 on ?is subject 9 s*ool8--,id4 ,! c\rse above recomm5d$1 is n ! try+ ( lax & ineffici5t measures--,id4 ,our community agree t !re is a ,god4--,id4 ,x prev5ts !m f be+ int]e/$ 9 :at is said4--,id4 ,we w also suppose t ,i call an o!r boy to me1 :om ,i h reason to believe to be a s9c]e ,*ri/ian4--,id4 ,five m9utes' notice is giv5 by ! bell4--,id4 ,! ,annals ( ,education give notice ( x4 ,or3 ,! "w entitl$ ',annals ( ,education' gives notice ( x4--,id4 ,tea*]s' meet+s w be int]e/+ & useful4--,id4 ,%e ?\ght a half h\r's /udy w\ld conqu] all ! difficulties4--,id4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 an hone/ & a hypocritical confession4--,id4 ,!re is no po9t ( atta9m5t at :i* we mu/ /op4--,id4 ,n[ six h\rs' s]vice is z mu* z is expect$ ( tea*]s4--,id4 ,h[ _m are sev5 times n9e8--,id4 ,!n ! reckon+ proce$s till x comes to t5 hundr$4--,fro/ cor4 ,y\r success w dep5d on y\r own ex]tions2 see1 !n1 t y be dilig5t4--,id4 ,subjunctive ,mood1 ,pres5t ,t5se3 ,if ,i be kn[n1 ,if ?\ be kn[n1 ,if he be kn[n2 c4--,id4 ,if ,i be lov$1 ,if ?\ be lov$1 ,if he be lov$2 c4--,fro/ "r4 ,an ,int]jection is a ^w us$ to express sudd5 emotion4 ,int]jections are s call$ because !y are g5]ally ?r[n 9 betwe5 ! p>ts ( disc\rse1 )\t any ref]5ce to ! /ructure ( ^? p>ts4--,fro/ cor4 ,! ,c>d9al numb]s are ^? :i* simply tell h[ _m2 z1 "o1 two1 ?ree4--,id4 ,m ?an "o organ are conc]n$ 9 ! utt]ance ( almo/ e consonant4 ,or ?us3 ,m organs ?an "o are conc]n$ 9 ! utt]ance ( almo/ any consonant4--,id4 ,to extract f !m all ! t]ms :i* we use 9 our divisions & subdivisions ( ! art4--,holmes cor4 ,& !re 7 writt5 !re9 lam5tations1 & m\rn+1 & woe4--,bible cor4 ,if ,i 7 to be judg$ z to my behavi\r1 comp>$ ) t ( ,john4--,:i/on's ,jos4 cor4 ,! preposition to1 signify+ 9 ord] to1 0 anci5tly prec$$ by =2 z1 ',:at w5t ye out = to see8'--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #ahd4 ,?is makes ! prop] p]fect t5se1 :i* 9 ,engli% is always express$ by ! auxili>y v]b h2 z1 ',i h writt54'--,dr4 ,blair cor4 ,inde$1 9 ! =mation ( "*1 p]sonal ex]tion is ! fir/1 ! second1 & ! ?ird virtue4--,s&]s cor4 ,! r$uc+ ( !m to ! condition ( ! bea/s t p]i%4--,dymond cor4 ,yet ?is af=ds no reason to d5y t ! nature ( ! gift is ! same1 or t bo? are div9e4 ,or3 ,yet ?is af=ds no reason to av] t ! nature ( ! gift is n ! same1 or t bo? are n div9e4--,id4 ,if ,god has made kn[n 8 w4--,id4 ,if ,*ri/ has prohibit$ !m1 no?+ else c prove !m "r4--,id4 ,t ! tak+ ( !m is wrong1 e man :o simply consults 8 own he>t1 w "k4--,id4 ,f ^! evils ! _w w\ld be sp>$1 if "o did n write4--,id4 ,x is 9 a great degree our own fault4--,id4 ,x is wor?y ( obs]vation1 t lesson-le>n+ is ne>ly exclud$4--,id4 ,:o sp>es ! aggressor's life1 ev5 to ! endang]+ ( 8 own4--,id4 ,:o advocates ! tak+ ( ! life ( an aggressor4--,id4 ,& !nce up to ! int5tionally & volunt>ily fraudul5t4--,id4 ,& ! cont5tion 0 s %>p betwe5 !m1 t !y dep>t$ asund] "o f ! o!r4--,,scott',s1 ,,fri5ds'1 ,,alg]',s1 ,,bruce',s ,,bible1 ,,& ,,o!rs3 ,acts1 xv1 #ci4 ,"h ! man is ,john1 & ,john is ! man2 s ! words are imag9ation & fancy2 b ,,! imag9ation & ,,! fancy are n words3 !y are intellectual p[]s4--,rev4 ,m4 ,h>rison cor4 ,! article1 :i* is "h s emphatic 9 ! ,greek1 is q =gott5 9 our translation4--,id4 ,we h no few] ?an tw5ty-f\r pron\ns4--,id4 ,x w admit ( a pron\n jo9$ to x4--,id4 ,f int]c\rse & f conque/1 all ! languages ( ,europe p>ticipate "o ) an o!r4--,id4 ,x is n always necessity1 !re=e1 t has be5 ! cause ( our introduc+ ( t]ms d]iv$ f ! classical languages4--,id4 ,! man ( g5ius /amps ^u x any impression t pleases him4 ,or3 any impression t he *ooses4--,id4 ,! proportion ( names end+ 9 ,,son prepond]ates greatly among ! ,dano-,saxon population ( ! ,nor?4--,id4 ,z a pro( ( ! /rong simil>ity betwe5 ! ,engli% language & ! ,dani%4--,id4 ,a c5tury f ! "t :5 7or at :i*7 ,h5gi/ & ,horsa l&$ on ! ,isle ( ,?anet4--,id4 ,i saw ! col\rs wav+ 9 ! w9d1 ,& !m )91 to mis*ief h[ comb9'd4--,bunyan cor4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,a %ip except$3 ( :i* we say1 ',%e sails well4'--,jonson cor4 ,hone/y is reckon$ ( little wor?4--,lily cor4 ,le>n to e/eem life z y ought4--,dodsley cor4 ,z ! s\nde/ heal? is less p]ceiv$ ?an ! lighte/ malady1 s ! highe/ joy t\*e? u less s5sibly ?an ! smalle/ sorr[4--,id4 ,y\? is no apology = frivol\sness4--,:it+ cor4 ,! por* 0 ( ! same wid? z ! temple4--,milman cor4 ,! o!r tribes contribut$ nei!r to 8 rise nor to 8 d[nfall4--,id4 ,8 :ole religion1 ) all its laws1 w\ld h be5 %ak5 to its f\ndation4--,id4 ,! ,engli% has mo/ commonly be5 neglect$1 & *ildr5 h be5 taught only 9 ! ,lat9 syntax4--,j4 ,w>d cor4 ,!y are n notic$ 9 ! notes4-- ,id4 ,he walks 9 righte\sness1 do+ :at he w\ld h o!rs d to him4--,fi%] cor4 ,!y /& indep5d5t ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,+]soll cor4 ,my uncle & 8 son 7 9 t[n ye/]day4--,l5nie cor4 ,%e & h] si/]s are well4--,id4 ,8 purse1 ) its cont5ts1 0 ab/ract$ f 8 pocket4--,id4 ,! great con/itutional feature ( ?is in/itution be+1 t directly aft] ! acrimony ( ! la/ election is ov]1 ! acrimony ( ! next beg9s4--,dick5s cor4 ,8 disreg>d+ ( 8 p>5ts' advice has br\ght him into disgrace4--,f>num cor4 ,c y tell me :y 8 fa!r made t rem>k8--,id4 ,:y does our tea*] deta9 u s long8--,id4 ,i am c]ta9 t ! boy said s4--,id4 ,,:i* means any ?+ or ?+s be=e nam$2 & ,,t may repres5t any p]son or p]sons1 ?+ or ?+s1 t h be5 speak+1 spok5 to1 or spok5 (4--,p]ley cor4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( syllables occurr+ 9 a p>ticul> ord]1 =m a foot4 ,poetic feet are s call$ because x is by _! aid t ! voice1 z x 71 /eps along4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,que/ions ask$ by a pr9cipal v]b only--z1 ',tea* ,i8' ',burns he8' c41--are ar*aisms1 & n[ peculi> to ! poets4--,a4 ,murray cor4 ,tell :e!r ! #ah?1 ! #ai?1 ! #bj?1 ! #ba/1 ! #bb;d1 or ! #bc;d rule is to be us$1 & repeat ! rule4--,p>k] & ,fox cor4 ,! resolution 0 adopt$ )\t mu* delib]ation1 & consequ5tly caus$ great dissatisfaction4 ,or3 ,! resolution1 :i* caus$ great dissatisfaction1 0 adopt$ )\t mu* delib]ation4-- ,iid4 ,! man is n[ mu* notic$ by ! p !reab\ts4--,webb's ,edw>d's ,gram4 cor4 ,! s& prev5ts !m f /ick+ to "o an o!r4--,id4 ,defective v]bs are ^? :i* are us$ only 9 "s ( ! moods & t5ses4--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #bi2 ,+]soll's1 #aba2 ,smi?'s1 #ij2 ,m]*ant's1 #fd2 ,nutt+'s1 #fh2 ,l4 ,murray1 ,guy1 ,russell1 ,bacon1 ,fro/1 ,alg]1 ,s4 ,putnam1 ,goldsbury1 ,felton1 et al4 cor4 ,defective v]bs are ^? :i* want "s ( ! moods or t5ses4--,l5nie et al4 cor4 ,defective v]bs want "s ( ! p>ts common to o!r v]bs4--,bullions cor4 ,a ,defective v]b is "o t wants "s ( ! p>ts common to v]bs4--,id4 ,to ! irregul> v]bs may be add$ ! defective2 :i* are n only irregul>1 b also want+ 9 "s p>ts4--,l[? cor4 ,to ! irregul> v]bs may be add$ ! defective2 :i* are n only want+ 9 "s p>ts1 b are1 :5 inflect$1 irregul>4--,*ur*ill cor4 ,:5 two or m n\ns occur toge!r 9 ! possessive case4--,f>num cor4 ,:5 sev]al %ort s5t5ces come toge!r--,id4 ,words are divid$ into t5 classes1 call$ ,p>ts ( ,spee*4--,l4 ,a9swor? cor4 ,a passive v]b has its ag5t or do] always 9 ! objective case1 gov]n$ by a preposition4--,id4 ,i am surpris$ at y\r inatt5tion4--,id4 ,,s+ul>3 ,?\ love/1 n ,y love4 ,y has always a plural v]b4--,bullions cor4 ,h[ d y "k t love is ( ! fir/ p]son8 ,ans4 ,because we1 ! pron\n1 is ( ! fir/ p]son4--,id4 & ,l5nie cor4 ,! l[+ h]d w9ds sl[ly o'er ! lea4--,gray's ,elegy1 l4 #b3 ,bullions cor4 ,iambic v]ses h _! second1 f\r?1 & o!r ev5 syllables acc5t$4--,bullions cor4 ,contractions t are n all[able 9 prose1 are (t5 made 9 poetry4--,id4 ,yet to _! g5]al's voice !y soon obey'd-- ,milton4 ,x nev] pres5ts to 8 m9d m ?an "o new subject at ! same "t4--,felton cor4 ,an ab/ract n\n is ! "n ( "s p>ticul> quality consid]$ ap>t f its sub/ance4--,br[n's ,in/4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,a n\n is ( ! fir/ p]son :5 x d5otes ! speak]4--,felton cor4 ,:i* ( ! two bro!rs is a graduate8-- ,hallock cor4 ,i am a l95-drap] bold1 ,z all ! _w do? "k4--,c[p]4 ,oh ! pa91 ! bliss ( dy+6--,pope4 ,?is d2 take to y c5s]s1 ?\1 ,korah1 & all ?y company4--,bible cor4 ,!re are ?ree p>ticiples2 ! imp]fect1 ! p]fect1 & ! prep]fect3 z1 read+1 read1 hav+ read4 ,transitive v]bs h an active & passive p>ticiple3 t is1 _! =m = ! p]fect is sometimes active1 & sometimes passive2 z1 read1 or lov$4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e cor4 ,o ,heav'n1 9 my connubial h\r decree ,my sp\se ?is man1 or su* a man z he4--,pope cor4 ,,lesson ,,iv4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,! pa/ t5ses 7( ,hiley's subjunctive mood7 repres5t conditional pa/ facts or ev5ts1 ( :i* ! speak] is unc]ta94--,hiley cor4 ,c>e also %\ld be tak5 t !y be n introduc$ too abundantly4--,id4 ,till !y h become famili> to ! m9d4 ,or3 ,till !y become famili> to ! m9d4--,id4 ,:5 once a p>ticul> arrangem5t & phraseology h become famili> to ! m9d4--,id4 ,i h furni%$ ! /ud5t ) ! pla9e/ & mo/ practical directions t ,i c\ld devise4--,id4 ,:5 y are conv]sant ) ! ,rules ( ,gramm>1 y w be qualifi$ to comm5ce ! /udy ( ,/yle4--,id4 ,c be=e e1 i1 or y1 always has a s(t s\nd1 l s4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,g be=e e1 i1 or y1 is g5]ally s(t2 z 9 g5ius1 g+]1 ,egypt4--,id4 ,c be=e e1 i1 or y1 always s\nds s(t1 l s4--,hiley cor4 ,g is g5]ally s(t be=e e1 i1 or y2 z 9 g5ius1 g+]1 ,egypt4--,id4 ,a p]fect alphabet mu/ always conta9 j z _m lett]s z !re are elem5t>y s\nds 9 ! language3 ! ,engli% alphabet1 hav+ few] lett]s ?an s\nds1 & sometimes m ?an "o lett] = ! same s\nd1 is bo? defective & r$undant4--,id4 ,a common n\n is a "n1 giv5 to a :ole class or species1 & is applicable to e individual ( t class4--,id4 ,?us an adjective has usually a n\n ei!r express$ or und]/ood4--,id4 ,emphasis is extraord9>y =ce us$ 9 ! enunciation ( su* words z we wi% to make prom95t 9 disc\rse4 ,or3 ,emphasis is a peculi> /ress ( voice1 us$ 9 ! utt]ance ( words specially significant4--,dr4 ,h4 ,blair cor42 also ,l4 ,murray4 ,s simple a "q z4 ',d y ride to t[n to-day8' is capable ( z _m z f\r diff]5t acceptations1 ! s5se v>y+ z ! emphasis is diff]5tly plac$4--,iid4 ,?us1 bravely1 = '9 a brave mann]4' is d]iv$ f brave-l4--,hiley cor4 ,9 ?is mann]1 sev]al diff]5t p>ts ( spee* are (t5 =m$ f "o root by means ( diff]5t affixes4--,id4 ,words d]iv$ f ! same root1 are always m or less alli$ 9 signification4--,id4 ,:5 a n\n ( multitude conveys ! idea ( unity1 ! v]b & pron\n %\ld be s+ul>2 b :5 x conveys ! idea ( plurality1 ! v]b & pron\n mu/ be plural4--,id4 ,!y h sp5t _! :ole "t to make ! sacr$ *ronology agree ) ! pr(ane4--,id4 ,i h /udi$ my lesson1 b y h n look$ at y\rs4--,id4 ,:5 words are connect$ 9 pairs1 !re is usually a comma aft] ea* pair4-- ,hiley1 ,bullions1 & ,l5nie1 cor4 ,:5 words are connect$ 9 pairs1 ! pairs %\ld be m>k$ by ! comma4--,f>num cor4 ,8 book entitl$1 ',/udies ( ,nature1' is des]v$ly a popul> "w4--,biog4 ,dict4 cor4 ,"h re/s 8 head ^u ! lap ( e>?1 ,a y\? to ,=tune & to ,fame unkn[n4--,,gray4 ',y\?1' "h1 is 9 ! nom9ative case1 7! v]b 're/s' be+1 9 ?is in/ance1 transitive17 & is ! subject ( ! s5t5ce4 ,! mean+ is1 ',a y\? "h re/s 8 head1' c4--,h>t cor4 ,! pron\n ,i1 z well z ! int]jection ,o1 %\ld be writt5 ) a capital4 ,or3 ,! pron\n ,i1 & ! int]jection ,o1 %\ld be writt5 ) capitals--,weld cor4 ,! pron\n ,i %\ld always be writt5 ) a capital4--,id4 ,he w5t f ,london to ,york4--,id4 ,an adv]b is a ^w add$ to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b1 to modify its mean+4--,id4 7,see ,lesson #a/ "u ! ,g5]al ,rule47 ,,s+ul> signifies1 'express+ only "o2' d5ot+ b "o p]son or ?+4 ,,plural1 7,lat9 pluralis1 f plus1 m17 signifies1 'express+ m ?an "o4'--,weld cor4 ,:5 ! pres5t ends 9 e1 d only is add$ to =m ! imp]fect t5se & ! p]fect p>ticiple ( regul> v]bs4--,id4 ,synresis is ! contraction ( two syllables into "o2 z1 see/ = se/1 dr[n$ = dr[n-ed4--,id4 7,see ,br[n's ,in/4 p4 #bcj47 ,words end+ 9 ee are (t5 inflect$ by m]e consonants1 & )\t receiv+ an additional syllable beg9n+ ) e3 z1 see1 see/1 sees2 agree1 agre$1 agrees4--,weld cor4 ,9 monosyllables1 f9al f1 l1 or s1 prec$$ by a s+le v[el1 is d\bl$2 z 9 /aff1 mill1 grass4--,id4 ,be=e +1 words end+ 9 ie drop ! e1 & *ange ! i into y2 z1 die1 dy+4--,id4 ,"o numb] may be us$ = ! o!r--or1 r1 ! plural may be us$ = ! s+ul>2 z1 we = ,i1 y = ?\4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e cor4 ,,/r,,ob',,ile1 n4 ,a p]ic>p made up ( scales t lie "o ov] an o!r4--,worce/] cor4 ,yet ev]1 f ! cle>e/ s\rce1 ha? run ,"s gross alloy1 "s t9cture ( ! man4--,l[? cor4 ,,lesson ,v4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,! possessive case is usually foll[$ by a n\n1 express$ or und]/ood1 :i* is ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4--,felton cor4 ,hadm] ( ,agg/e9 0 z pi\s1 dev\t1 & pray+ a ,*ri/ian1 z 0 ,nelson1 ,wa%+ton1 or ,jeff]son2 or z is ,well+ton1 ,tyl]1 ,clay1 or ,polk4--,h4 ,c4 ,wright cor4 ,a ^w 9 ! possessive case is n an indep5d5t n\n1 & _c /& by itself4--,j4 ,w4 ,wright cor4 ,m>y is n h&some1 b %e is good-natur$2 & good-nature is bett] ?an beauty4--,/4 ,qu5t9 cor4 ,aft] ! practice ( jo9+ all words toge!r _h ceas$1 a note ( di/9ction 0 plac$ at ! end ( e ^w4--,l4 ,murray et al4 cor4 ,nei!r ,h5ry nor ,*>les dissipates 8 "t4--,hallock cor4 ',he _h tak5 f ! ,*ri/ians above ?irty small ca/les4' ,,knolles3--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #bjj2 ,johnson's ,qu>to ,dict41 w4 ,:at4 ,9 :at "* ,butl] 0 admitt$1 is unkn[n4 ,or3 ,9 :atev] "* ,butl] 0 admitt$1 t "* is unkn[n4--,hallock cor4 ,h[ are ! ag5t ( a passive & ! object ( an active v]b (t5 left8--,id4 ,by ,,subject1 is meant ! ^w ( ^: object some?+ is decl>$4 ,or3 ,by ,,subject1 is meant ! ^w :i* has some?+ decl>$ ( ! ?+ signifi$4--,*&l] cor4 ,c>e %\ld also be tak5 t a transitive v]b be n us$ 9 /ead ( a neut] or intransitive2 z1 lay = lie1 raise = rise1 set = sit1 c4--,id4 ,on !m dep5ds ! duration ( our ,con/itution & our c\ntry4--,calh\n cor4 ,9 ! pres5t s5t5ce1 nei!r ! s5se nor ! measure requires ,,:at4--,*&l] cor4 ,! ,iri% ?\ght !mselves oppress$ by ! law t =bid !m to draw ) _! horses' tails4--,brightl& cor4 ,s & will+ly are adv]bs4 ,s is an adv]b ( degree1 & qualifies will+ly4 ,will+ly is an adv]b ( mann]1 & qualifies deceives4--,cutl] cor4 ,epicurus1 = exp]im5t's sake1 conf9$ himself to a n>r[] diet ?an t ( ! sev]e/ prisons4--,id4 ,d]ivative words are su* z are =m$ f o!r words by prefixes or suffixes2 z1 inju/ice1 goodness1 falsehood4--,id4 ,! di/9ction "h insi/$ on is z old z ,ari/otle1 & %\ld n be lo/ f sight4 ,or3 & x %\ld /ill be kept 9 view4--,h>t cor4 ,! ,t5ses ( ! ,subjunctive & ,pot5tial ,moods4 ,or3 ,! ,t5ses ( ! ,subjunctive & ! ,pot5tial ,mood4--,id4 ,a triph?ong is a union ( ?ree v[els1 utt]$ by a s+le impulse ( ! voice2 z1 uoy 9 buoy--,p>don ,davis cor4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a species or k9d4--,id4 ,! sup]lative degree implies a comp>ison ei!r betwe5 two or among m4--,id4 ,an adv]b is a ^w s]v+ to give an additional idea to a v]b1 a p>ticiple1 an adjective1 or an o!r adv]b4--,id4 ,:5 sev]al n\ns 9 ! possessive case occur 9 succession1 ea* %[+ possession ( ?+s ( ! same sort1 x is g5]ally necess>y to add ! sign ( ! possessive case to ea* ( !m3 z1 ',he sells m5's1 wom5's1 & *ildr5's %oes4'--',dogs'1 cats'1 & tig]s' feet are digitat$4'--,id4 ',a rail-road is be+ made1' %\ld be1 ',a railroad is mak+2' ',a s*ool-h\se is be+ built1' %\ld be1 ',a s*oolh\se is build+4'--,id4 ,auxili>ies are ( !mselves v]bs2 yet !y resemble1 9 _! "* & use1 ^? t]m9ational or o!r inflections :i*1 9 o!r languages1 s]ve to express ! action 9 ! mood1 t5se1 p]son1 & numb] desir$4--,id4 ,please to hold my horse :ile ,i speak to my fri5d4--,id4 ,if ,i say1 ',give me ! book1' ,i dem& "s p>ticul> book4--,noble ,butl] cor4 ,"h are five m54--,id4 ,aft] ! active v]b1 ! object may be omitt$2 aft] ! passive1 ! "n ( ! ag5t may be omitt$4--,id4 ,! ,progressive & ,emphatic =ms give1 9 ea* case1 a diff]5t %ade ( mean+ to ! v]b4--,h>t cor4 ,,t may be call$ a ,r$ditive ,conjunction1 :5 x answ]s to s or ,,su*4--,w>d cor4 ,he attributes to neglig5ce y\r want ( success 9 t bus9ess4--,sm>t cor4 ,d ,,w & ,,g express b "o action8 ,or3 ,does 'w g' express b "o action8--,b>rett cor4 ,language is ! pr9cipal vehicle ( ?\ght4--,g4 ,br[n's ,in/41 ,pref41 p4 iii4 ,mu* is appli$ to ?+s weigh$ or measur$2 _m1 to ^? t are numb]$4 ,eld] & elde/ are appli$ to p]sons only2 old] & olde/1 to ei!r p]sons or ?+s4--,bullions cor4 ,if !re are any old maids /ill extant1 :ile misogyni/s are s r>e1 ! fault mu/ be attributable to !mselves4--,kirkham cor4 ,! second me?od1 us$ by ! ,greeks1 has nev] be5 ! practice ( any o!r p ( ,europe4--,%]idan cor4 ,nei!r consonant nor v[el is to be dwelt ^u beyond its common quantity1 :5 x closes a s5t5ce4 ,or3 ,nei!r consonants nor v[els are to be dwelt ^u beyond _! common quantity1 :5 !y close a s5t5ce4 ,or1 bett] ?us3 ,nei!r a consonant nor a v[el1 :5 x closes a s5t5ce1 is to be protract$ beyond its usual l5g?4--,id4 ,irony is a mode ( spee*1 9 :i* :at is said1 is ! opposite ( :at is meant4--,mc,elligott's ,manual1 p4 #ajc4 ,! p]son speak+1 & ! p]son or p]sons spok5 to1 are suppos$ to be pres5t4--,wells cor42 also ,murray4 ,a ,n\n is a "n1 a ^w us$ to express ! idea ( an object4--,wells cor4 ,a syllable is su* a ^w1 or "p ( a ^w1 z is utt]$ by "o articulation4--,weld cor4 ,?us wond'r\s fair2 ?yself h[ wond'r\s !n6 ,unspeakable1 :o sit/ above ^! heav5s4--,milton1 ,b4 v1 l4 #aef4 ,& feel ?y sovran vital lamp2 b ?\ ,revisit/ n ^! eyes1 t roll 9 va94--,id41 iii1 #bb4 ,be=e all temples ?' upright he>t & pure4--,id41 i1 #ah4 ,9 =e/ wild1 9 ?icket1 brake1 or d54--,id41 vii1 #deh4 ,! rogue & fool by fits are fair & wise2 ,& e'en ! be/1 by fits1 :at !y despise4--,pope cor4 ,,! ,,key4--,,"p ,,iv4--,,prosody4 ,,*apt] ,i4--,,punctuation4 ,,section ,i4--,,! ,,comma4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,simple ,,s5t5ces4 ,a %ort simple s5t5ce %\ld r>ely be divid$ by ! comma4--,felton cor4 ,a regul> & virtu\s education is an ine/imable bless+4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,su* equivocal expressions m>k an int5tion to deceive4--,id4 ,!y are ?is & t1 ) _! plurals ^! & ^?4--,bullions cor4 ,a nom9ative & a v]b sometimes make a complete s5t5ce2 z1 ,he sleeps4--,felton cor4 ,,t5se expresses ! action z connect$ ) c]ta9 relations ( "t2 ,,mood repres5ts x z fur!r modifi$ by circum/ances ( cont+5cy1 conditionality1 c4--,bullions cor4 ,! ^w n\n means "n4--,+]soll cor4 ,! pres5t or active p>ticiple ,i expla9$ !n4--,id4 ,are "s v]bs us$ bo? transitively & intransitively8--,coop] cor4 ,blank v]se is v]se )\t rhyme4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #bce4 ,a di/ributive adjective d5otes ea* "o ( a numb] consid]$ sep>ately4--,hallock cor4 ,& may at la/ my we>y age ,f9d out ! peaceful h]mitage4 --,,milton3 ,w>d's ,gr41 #aeh2 ,hiley's1 #abd4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exception ,,conc]n+ ,,simple ,,s5t5ces4 ,a n\n )\t an article to limit x1 is tak5 9 its wide/ s5se4--,l5nie1 p4 #f4 ,to ma9ta9 a /eady c\rse amid all ! adv]sities ( life1 m>ks a great m9d4--,day cor4 ,to love our ,mak] supremely & our neighb\r z ourselves1 compreh5ds ! :ole moral law4--,id4 ,to be afraid to d wrong1 is true c\rage4--,id4 ,a great =tune 9 ! h&s ( a fool1 is a great mis=tune4--,bullions cor4 ,t he %\ld make su* a rem>k1 is inde$ /range4--,f>num cor4 ,to walk 9 ! fields & groves1 is delightful4--,id4 ,t he committ$ ! fault1 is mo/ c]ta94--,id4 ,names common to all ?+s ( ! same sort or class1 are call$ ,common n\ns2 z1 man1 woman1 day4--,bullions cor4 ,t x is our duty to be pi\s1 admits n ( any d\bt4--,id4 ,to endure mis=tune ) resignation1 is ! *>act]i/ic ( a great m9d4--,id4 ,! assi/+ ( a fri5d 9 su* circum/ances1 0 c]ta9ly a duty4--,id4 ,t a life ( virtue is ! safe/1 is c]ta94--,hallock cor4 ,a collective n\n d5ot+ ! idea ( unity1 %\ld be repres5t$ by a pron\n ( ! s+ul> numb]4--,id4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,:5 ! sun _h aris51 ! enemy retreat$4--,day cor4 ,if he become ri*1 he may be less indu/ri\s4--,bullions cor4 ,! m ,i /udy gramm>1 ! bett] ,i l x4--,id4 ,!re is mu* tru? 9 ! old adage1 t fire is a bett] s]vant ?an ma/]4--,id4 ,! v]b d1 :5 us$ z an auxili>y1 gives =ce or emphasis to ! expression4--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,:atsoev] is incumb5t ^u a man to d1 x is surely exp$i5t to d well4--,adams cor4 ,! s\l1 :i* our philosophy divides into v>i\s capacities1 is /ill "o ess5ce4--,*ann+ cor4 ,put ! foll[+ words 9 ! plural1 & give ! rule = =m+ x4--,bullions cor4 ,we w d x1 if y wi%4--,id4 ,he :o does well1 w be rew>d$4--,id4 ,t :i* is always true1 is express$ 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,id4 ,an obs]vation :i* is always true1 mu/ be express$ 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,id4 ,t "p ( or?ography :i* treats ( comb9+ lett]s to =m syllables & words1 is call$ ,,spell+4--,day cor4 ,a n\n c nev] be ( ! fir/ p]son1 except x is 9 apposition ) a pron\n ( t p]son4--,id4 ,:5 two or m s+ul> n\ns or pron\ns ref] to ! same object1 !y require a s+ul> v]b & pron\n4--,id4 ,james has gone1 b he w return 9 a few days4--,id4 ,a pron\n %\ld h ! same p]son1 numb]1 & g5d]1 z ! n\n = :i* x /&s4--,id4 ,?\gh he is out ( dang]1 he is /ill afraid4--,bullions cor4 ,%e is 8 inf]ior 9 s5se1 b 8 equal 9 prud5ce4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #f4 ,! man :o has no s5se ( religion1 is little to be tru/$4--,bullions cor4 ,he :o does ! mo/ good1 has ! mo/ pleasure4--,id4 ,!y 7 n 9 ! mo/ prosp]\s circum/ances1 :5 we la/ saw !m4--,id4 ,if ! day cont9ue pleasant1 ,i %all return4--,felton cor4 ,! days t are pa/1 are gone =ev]4--,id4 ,z _m z are fri5dly to ! cause1 w su/a9 x4--,id4 ,su* z desire aid1 w receive x4--,id4 ,:o gave y t book1 :i* y prize s mu*8--,bullions cor4 ,he :o made x1 n[ pres]ves & gov]ns x4--,id4 ,%all he alone1 :om rational we call1 ,be pleas'd ) no?+1 if n ble/ ) all8--,pope4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exceptions ,,conc]n+ ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,newca/le is ! t[n 9 :i* ,ak5side 0 born4--,bucke cor4 ,! remorse :i* issues 9 re=mation1 is true rep5tance4--,campbell cor4 ,m5 :o are intemp]ate1 are de/ructive memb]s ( community4-- ,alex&] cor4 ,an active-transitive v]b expresses an action :i* ext5ds to an object4--,felton cor4 ,!y to :om mu* is giv51 w h mu*1 to answ] =4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! prospect :i* we h1 is *>m+4--,coop] cor4 ,he is ! p]son :o in=m$ me ( ! matt]4--,id4 ,^! are ! trees t produce no fruit4--,id4 ,?is is ! book :i* treats ( ! subject4--,id4 ,! proposal 0 su* z pleas$ me4--,id4 ,^? t s[ 9 te>s1 %all reap 9 joy4--,id4 ,! p5 ) :i* ,i write1 makes too l>ge a m>k4--,+]soll cor4 ,mode/y makes l>ge am5ds = ! pa9 x gives ! p]sons :o lab\r "u x1 by ! prejudice x af=ds e wor?y p]son1 9 _! fav\r4--,id4 ,irony is a figure :]eby we pla9ly int5d some?+ v diff]5t f :at our words express4--,bucke cor4 ,cata*resis is a figure :]eby an improp] ^w is us$ 9 /ead ( a prop] "o4--,id4 ,! man :om y met at ! p>ty1 is a ,fr5*man4--,fro/ cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,m ,,?an ,,two ,,words4 ,john1 ,james1 & ,?omas1 are "h3 t is1 ,john1 & ,james1 & ,?omas1 are "h4--,coop] cor4 ,adv]bs modify v]bs1 adjectives1 & o!r adv]bs4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,to ,n\ns belong ,p]son1 ,g5d]1 ,numb]1 & ,case4--,id41 ib41 p4 #i4 ,:eat1 corn1 rye1 & oats1 are ext5sively cultivat$4--,bullions cor4 ,9 _m1 ! def9itions1 rules1 & lead+ facts1 are prolix1 inaccurate1 & confus$4--,f9* cor4 ,mo/ p consid] x my/]i\s1 difficult1 & useless4--,id4 ,8 fa!r1 & "m1 & uncle1 reside at ,rome4--,f>num cor4 ,! relative pron\ns are :o1 :i*1 & t4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bc4 ,t is sometimes a demon/rative1 sometimes a relative1 & sometimes a conjunction4--,bullions cor4 ,our reputation1 virtue1 & happ9ess1 greatly dep5d on ! *oice ( our companions4--,day cor4 ,! _s ( true religion is social1 k9d1 & *e]ful4--,felton cor4 ,d1 be1 h1 & w1 are sometimes pr9cipal v]bs4--,id4 ,john1 & ,?omas1 & ,pet]1 reside at ,ox=d4--,web/] cor4 ,! mo/ innoc5t pleasures are ! mo/ rational1 ! mo/ delightful1 & ! mo/ durable4--,id4 ,love1 joy1 peace1 & bless$ness1 are res]v$ = ! good4--,id4 ,! husb&1 wife1 & *ildr51 suff]$ extremely4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! husb&1 wife1 & *ildr51 suff] extremely4--,sanborn cor4 ,he1 y1 & ,i1 h our p>ts assign$ u4--,id4 ,he moan$1 lam5t$1 tugg$1 & tri$1 ,rep5t$1 promis$1 wept1 & sigh$4--,c[p]4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iv4--,,( ,,only ,,two ,,words4 ,disappo9tm5ts d]ange & ov]come vulg> m9ds4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,! hive ( a city or k+dom1 is 9 ! be/ condition1 :5 !re is ! lea/ noise or buzz 9 x4--,id4 ,:5 a direct address is made1 ! n\n or pron\n is 9 ! nom9ative case1 indep5d5t4--,+]soll cor4 ,! v]bs love & tea*1 make lov$ & taught1 9 ! imp]fect & p>ticiple4--,id4 ,nei!r pov]ty nor ri*es 7 injuri\s to him4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aeb4 ,?\ or ,i am 9 fault4--,id41 p4 #aeb4 ,a v]b is a ^w t expresses action or be+4--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,! ,objective ,case d5otes ! object ( a v]b or a preposition4--,id4 ,v]bs ( ! second conjugation may be ei!r transitive or intransitive4--,id4 ,v]bs ( ! f\r? conjugation may be ei!r transitive or intransitive4--,id4 ,if a v]b does n =m its pa/ indicative by add+ d or ed to ! indicative pres5t1 x is said to be irregul>4--,id4 ,! "y lady is /udy+ rhetoric & logic4--,coop] cor4 ,he writes & speaks ! language v correctly4--,id4 ,man's happ9ess or mis]y is1 9 a great measure1 put into 8 own h&s4--,mur4 cor4 ,?is accid5t or *>act]i/ic ( n\ns1 is call$ _! ,g5d]4--,bullions cor4 ,grant t ! p[]ful /ill ! weak control2 ,be man ! wit & tyrant ( ! :ole4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,exception ,i4--,,two ,,words ,,) ,,adjuncts4 ,frankl9 is ju/ly consid]$ ! ornam5t ( ! ,new ,_w1 & ! pride ( mod]n philosophy4--,day cor4 ,levity1 & atta*m5t to worldly pleasures1 de/roy ! s5se ( gratitude to ,him4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,ex]cise1 po9t out ! adjectives1 & ! sub/antives :i* !y qualify4--,bullions cor4 ,:5 a n\n or pron\n is us$ to expla91 or give emphasis to1 a prec$+ n\n or pron\n4--,day cor4 ,sup]ior tal5ts1 & brilliancy ( intellect1 d n always con/itute a great man4--,id4 ,a ^w t makes s5se aft] an article1 or aft] ! phrase speak (1 is a n\n4--,bullions cor4 ,all feet us$ 9 poetry1 are r$ucible to eight k9ds2 f\r ( two syllables1 & f\r ( ?ree4--,hiley cor4 ,he w\ld n d x himself1 n let me d x4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,! old writ]s give examples ( ! subjunctive mood1 & give o!r moods to expla9 :at is meant by ! words 9 ! subjunctive4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,,"u ,,exception ,,ii4--,,two ,,t]ms ,,contra/$4 ,we (t5 comm5d1 z well z c5sure1 imprud5tly4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,x is z truly a violation ( ! "r ( prop]ty1 to take a little1 z to take mu*2 to purlo9 a book or a p5knife1 z to /eal money2 to /eal fruit1 z to /eal a horse2 to defraud ! rev5ue1 z to rob my neighb\r2 to ov]*>ge ! public1 z to ov]*>ge my bro!r2 to *eat ! po/-(fice1 z to *eat my fri5d4--,wayl& cor4 ,! classification ( v]bs has be51 & /ill is1 a vex$ "q4--,bullions cor4 ,names appli$ only to individuals ( a sort or class1 & n common to all1 are call$ ,prop] n\ns4--,id4 ,a h]o w\ld desire to be lov$1 z well z to be rev]5c$4--,day cor4 ,dea?1 or "s worse mis=tune1 n[ divides !m4 ,bett]3 ,dea?1 or "s o!r mis=tune1 soon divides !m4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,alex&] repli$1 ',! _w w n p]mit two suns1 nor two sov]eigns4'--,goldsmi? cor4 ,f nature's *a91 :atev] l9k y /rike1 ,t5?1 or t5-?\s&?1 breaks ! *a9 alike4--,pope4 ,,"u ,,exception ,,iii4--,,( ,,an ,,alt]native ,,( ,,words4 ,metre1 or ,measure1 is ! numb] ( poetical feet :i* a v]se conta9s4--,hiley cor4 ,! ,csura1 or division1 is ! pause :i* takes place 9 a v]se1 & :i* divides x into two p>ts4--,id4 ,x is six feet1 or "o fa?om1 deep4--,bullions cor4 ,a ,brace is us$ 9 poetry1 at ! end ( a triplet1 or ?ree l9es :i* rhyme toge!r4--,felton cor4 ,!re are f\r pr9cipal k9ds ( ,engli% v]se1 or poetical feet4--,id4 ,! p]iod1 or full /op1 d5otes ! end ( a complete s5t5ce4--,sanborn cor4 ,! s*ol> is to receive z _m jetons1 or c\nt]s1 z !re are words 9 ! s5t5ce4--,/4 ,qu5t9 cor4 ,t ?+1 or ! ?+1 :i* purifies1 =tifies also ! he>t4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,t ?+1 or ! ?+1 :i* w\ld induce a laxity 9 public or private morals1 or indiff]5ce to guilt & wret*$ness1 %\ld be reg>d$ z ! deadly ,sirocco4--,id4 ,:at is1 elliptically1 :at ?+1 or t ?+ :i*4--,sanborn cor4 ,demon/rate means %[1 or po9t out precisely4--,id4 ,! man1 or t man1 :o endures to ! end1 %all be sav$4--,hiley cor4 ,,"u ,,exception ,,iv4--,,( ,a ,,second ,,comma4 ,t reason1 passion1 answ] "o great aim4--,,pope3 ,bullions & ,hiley cor4 ,reason1 virtue1 answ] "o great aim4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bfi2 ,coop]'s ,murray1 #ahb2 ,comly1 #ade2 ,+]soll1 #bhb2 ,sanborn1 #bfh2 ,kirkham1 #bab2 et al4 ,e good gift1 & e p]fect gift1 is f above4--,james1 i1 #ag4 ,e plant1 & e tree1 produces o!rs aft] its k9d4--,day cor4 ,james1 & n ,john1 0 paid = 8 s]vices4--,id4 ,! s+le dagg]1 or obelisk ,dagg]1 is ! second4--,id4 ,x 0 ,i1 n he1 t did x4--,/4 ,qu5t9 cor4 ,ea* aunt1 ea* c\s91 ha? h] speculation4--,byron4 ',i %all see y :5 y come1' is equival5t to1 ',i %all see y !n1 or at t "t1 :5 y come4'--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,let weal?1 let hon\r1 wait ! w$d$ dame2 ,augu/ h] de$1 & sacr$ be h] fame4--,pope cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,v4--,,( ,,words ,,9 ,,pairs4 ,my hopes & fe>s1 joys & sorr[s1 c5tre 9 y4--,gre5leaf or ,sanborn cor4 ,?is mood implies possibility or lib]ty1 w or obligation4--,+]soll cor4 ,sub/ance is divid$ into body & _s1 into ext5d$ & ?9k+4--,brightl& cor4 ,^! consonants1 d & t1 l p & b1 f & v1 k & h>d g1 & s & z1 are lett]s ( ! same organ4--,j4 ,walk] cor4 ,nei!r fig nor twi/1 pigtail nor ,cav5di%1 has pass$ my lips s9ce2 nor ev] %all aga94--,cultivator cor4 ,! words :oev] or :osoev]1 :i*ev] or :i*soev]1 & :atev] or :atsoev]1 are call$ ,comp\nd ,relative ,pron\ns4--,day cor4 ,adjectives signify+ pr(it or dispr(it1 lik5ess or unlik5ess1 gov]n ! dative4--,bullions cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vi4--,,( ,,words ,,absolute4 ,?y rod & ?y /aff1 !y com=t me4--,psalm xxiii #d4 ,dep>t1 ye wick$4--,j4 ,w4 ,wright cor4 ,he sai? unto 8 "m4 ,woman1 behold ?y son6--,john1 xix1 #bf4 ,?\1 ,god1 see/ me4--,bullions cor4 ,john1 write me a lett]4 ,h5ry1 g home4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor41 twice4 ,n[1 ,g4 ,br[n1 let u reason toge!r4--,id4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 y say1 on page #aa?1 ',! objective case d5otes ! object'--,id4 ,g5tlem51 w y always speak z y mean8--,id4 ,john1 ,i sold my books to ,william1 = 8 bro!rs4--,id4 ,walt]1 & ,se?1 ,i w take my ?+s1 & leave y\rs4--,id4 ,h5ry1 ,julia & ,jane left _! umbrella1 & took y\rs4--,id4 ,john1 h>ness ! horses1 & g to ! m9e = "s coal4--,id4 ,william1 run to ! /ore1 = a few p\nds ( tea4--,id4 ,! k+ be+ dead1 ! p>liam5t 0 dissolv$4--,*&l] cor4 ,cease1 fond ,nature1 cease ?y /rife1 ,& let me langui% into life4 --,pope1 ,brit4 ,poets1 vi1 #cag4 ,=be>1 great man1 9 arms r5[n'd1 =be>4 --,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #abg4 ,et]nal sun%9e ( ! spotless m9d6 ,ea* pray] accept$1 & ea* wi% resign'd4 --,pope1 ,brit4 ,poets1 vi1 #cce4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,vii4--,,( ,,words ,,9 ,,apposition4 ,we1 ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ord] to =m a m p]fect union1 e/abli% ju/ice1 c4--,con/it4 ( ,u4 ,s4 ,! ,"l1 ! cov5ant ,god ( 8 p1 requires x4--,a4 ,s4 ,mag4 cor4 ,he1 z a patriot1 des]ves praise4--,hallock cor4 ,?omson1 ! wat*mak] & jewell] f ,london1 0 ( ! p>ty4--,bullions cor4 ,e body kn[s t ! p]son "h spok5 ( by ! "n ( '! ,conqu]or1' is ,william1 duke ( ,norm&y4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! words myself1 ?yself1 himself1 h]self1 itself1 & _! plurals1 ourselves1 y\rselves1 & !mselves1 are call$ ,comp\nd ,p]sonal ,pron\ns4--,day cor4 ,= :o1 to dumb =getfulness a prey1 ,?is pleas+1 anxi\s be+ e'er resign'd1 ,left ! w>m prec9cts ( ! *e]ful day ,nor ca/ "o long+1 l+'r+ look beh9d8--,,gray3 ,mur4 ,seq4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exceptions ,,conc]n+ ,,apposition4 ,smi? ,williams's /ore2 ,ni*olas ! emp]or's army4--,day cor4 ,he 0 nam$ ,william ! ,conqu]or4--,id4 ,john ! ,bapti/ 0 behead$4--,id4 ,alex&] ! copp]smi? did me mu* evil4--#b ,tim41 iv1 #ad4 ,a nom9ative 9 imm$iate apposition3 z1 ',! boy ,h5ry speaks4'--,sm>t cor4 ,a n\n objective c be 9 apposition ) "s o!r2 z1 ',i tea* ! boy ,h5ry4'--,id4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,viii4--,,( ,,adjectives4 ,b he f\nd me1 n s++ at my "w1 ruddy ) heal?1 vivid ) *e]fulness2 b pale1 c4--,,dr4 ,,johnson3 ,murray's ,sequel1 p4 #d4 ,i look$ up1 & beheld an inclosure1 beautiful z ! g>d5s ( p>adise1 b ( a small ext5t4--,,hawkeswor?3 ib41 p4 #bj4 ,a is an article1 indef9ite1 & belongs to 'book4'--,bullions cor4 ,! fir/ expresses ! rapid movem5t ( a troop ( horse ov] ! pla91 eag] = ! combat4--,id4 ,he 1 ! ,indian *iefta91 ,k+ ,philip1 0 a patriot1 atta*$ to 8 native soil2 a pr9ce1 true to 8 subjects1 & indignant ( _! wrongs2 a soldi]1 d>+ 9 battle1 firm 9 adv]sity1 pati5t ( fatigue1 ( hung]1 ( e v>iety ( bodily suff]+1 & ready to p]i% 9 ! cause he _h esp\s$4--,w4 ,irv+4 ,= !e1 :o1 m9dful ( ?' unhon\r'd dead1 ,do/ 9 ^! l9es _! artless tale relate4 --,,gray3 ,mur4 ,seq41 p4 #beh4 ,"s mute +lori\s ,milton "h may re/2 ,"s ,cromwell1 guiltless ( 8 c\ntry's blood4 --,,gray3 ,enf4 ,sp41 p4 #bde4 ,idle aft] d9n] 1 9 8 *air1 ,sat a f>m]1 ruddy1 fat1 & fair4 --,murray's ,gram41 p4 #beg4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exception ,,conc]n+ ,,adjectives4 ,:5 an attribute becomes a title1 or is emphatically appli$ to a "n1 x foll[s x3 z1 ,*>les ! ,great2 ,h5ry ! ,fir/2 ,lewis ! ,gross4--,web/] cor4 ,fe$ me ) food conv5i5t = me4--,prov41 xxx1 #h4 ,! words & phrases necess>y to exemplify e pr9ciple progressively laid d[n1 w be f\nd /rictly & exclusively adapt$ to ! illu/ration ( ! pr9ciples to :i* !y are ref]r$4--,+]soll cor4 ,! ,inf9itive ,mood is t =m ( ! v]b :i* expresses be+ or action unlimit$ by p]son or numb]4--,day cor4 ,a man dilig5t 9 8 bus9ess1 prosp]s4--,fro/ cor4 ,oh wret*$ /ate6 oh bosom black z dea?6 --,,%ak43 ,enfield1 p4 #cfh4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ix4--,,( ,,f9ite ,,v]bs4 ,! ,s+ul> d5otes "o2 ! ,plural1 m ?an "o4--,bullions & ,l5nie cor4 ,! ,comma repres5ts ! %orte/ pause2 ! ,semicolon1 a pause long] ?an ! comma2 ! ,colon1 long] ?an ! semicolon2 & ! ,p]iod1 long] ?an ! colon4--,hiley cor4 ,! ,comma repres5ts ! %orte/ pause2 ! ,semicolon1 a pause d\ble t ( ! ,comma2 ! ,colon1 d\ble t ( ! semicolon2 & ! ,p]iod1 d\ble t ( ! colon4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bff4 ,,:o is appli$ only to p]sons2 ,,:i*1 to animals & ?+s2 ,,:at1 to ?+s only2 & ,,t1 to p]sons1 animals1 & ?+s4--,day cor4 ,a or an is us$ be=e ! s+ul> numb] only2 !1 be=e ei!r s+ul> or plural4--,bullions cor4 ,hom] 0 ! great] g5ius2 ,virgil1 ! bett] arti/4--,day cor42 also ,pope4 ,words are =m$ ( syllables2 syllables1 ( lett]s4--,/4 ,qu5t9 cor4 ,! conjugation ( an active v]b is /yl$ ! ,,active ,,voice2 & t ( a passive v]b1 ! ,,passive ,,voice4--,fro/ cor42 also ,smi?3 ,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #gg4 ,! possessive is sometimes call$ ! g5itive case2 & ! objective1 ! accusative4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,b5evol5ce is alli$ to few vices2 selfi%ness1 to few] virtues4--,kames cor4 ,or?ography treats ( ,lett]s2 ,etymology1 ( words2 ,syntax1 ( ,s5t5ces2 & ,prosody1 ( ,v]sification4--,h>t cor4 ,e>? praises conqu]ors = %$d+ blood2 ,heav51 ^? t love _! foes1 & d !m good4--,wall]4 ,,"u ,,rule ,x4--,,( ,,inf9itives4 ,8 bus9ess is1 to obs]ve ! agreem5t or disagreem5t ( words4--,bullions cor4 ,x is a m>k ( di/9ction1 to be made a memb] ( ?is society4--,f>num cor4 ,to di/+ui% ! conjugations1 let ! pupil obs]ve ! foll[+ rules4--,day cor4 ,he 0 n[ s5t =1 to prea* be=e ! ,p>liam5t4--,e4 ,williams cor4 ,x is incumb5t on ! "y1 to love & hon\r _! p>5ts4--,bullions cor4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( e man1 to prep>e = dea?4--,id4 ,x argu$ ! s9c]e/ c&or1 to make su* an ackn[l$gem5t4--,id4 ,! prop] way is1 to complete ! con/ruction ( ! fir/ memb]1 & leave t ( ! second elliptical4--,id4 ,,enemy is a "n4 ,x is a t]m ( di/9ction1 giv5 to a c]ta9 p]son1 to %[ ! "* 9 :i* he is repres5t$4--,peirce cor4 ,! object ( ?is is1 to pres]ve ! s(t s\nds ( c & g4--,h>t cor4 ,! design ( gramm> is1 to facilitate ! read+1 writ+1 & speak+ ( a language4--,b>rett cor4 ,f\r k9ds ( type are us$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 to indicate ! portions t are consid]$ m or less elem5t>y4--,h>t cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xi4--,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,! *ancellor1 be+ atta*$ to ! k+1 secur$ 8 cr[n4--,murray's ,gramm>1 p4 #ff4 ,! (fic]1 hav+ receiv$ 8 ord]s1 proce$$ to execute !m4--,day cor4 ,?us us$1 x is 9 ! pres5t t5se4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gr41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ce4 ,! imp]fect t5se has ?ree di/9ct =ms1 correspond+ to ^? ( ! pres5t t5se4--,bullions cor4 ,e possessive case is gov]n$ by "s n\n1 d5ot+ ! ?+ possess$4--,id4 ,! ^w t1 us$ z a conjunction1 is g5]ally prec$$ by a comma4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,8 n>rative1 be+ compos$ ^u s good au?ority1 des]ves cr$it4--,coop] cor4 ,! h51 be+ 9 h] ne/1 0 kill$ & eat5 !re by ! eagle4--,murray cor4 ,pron\ns1 be+ us$ 9 /ead ( n\ns1 are subject to ! same modifications4--,sanborn cor4 ,:5 plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( words1 !y are consonants4--,hallock cor4 ,man1 />t+ f 8 c\*1 %all sleep no m4--,"y4 ,8 & h]1 foll[$ by a n\n1 are possessive pron\ns2 n foll[$ by a n\n1 !y are p]sonal pron\ns4--,bullions cor4 ,he1 ) v9y cr[n advanc+1 ,fir/ to ! lively pipe 8 h& address'd4--,coll9s4 ,,"u ,,! ,,exception ,,conc]n+ ,,p>ticiples4 ,b :5 !y convey ! idea ( _m act+ individually1 or sep>ately1 !y are ( ! plural numb]4--,day cor4 ,two or m s+ul> antec$5ts connect$ by &1 :5 !y happ5 to introduce m ?an "o v]b & m ?an "o pron\n1 require v]bs & pron\ns ( ! plural numb]4--,id4 ,words end+ 9 y prec$$ by a consonant *ange y into i1 :5 a t]m9ation is add$4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,a n\n us$ )\t an article to limit x1 is g5]ally tak5 9 its wide/ s5se4--,+]soll cor4 ,two n\ns mean+ ! same p]son or ?+1 frequ5tly come toge!r4--,bucke cor4 ,ea* "o mu/ give an acc\nt to ,god = ! use1 or abuse1 ( ! tal5ts committ$ to him4--,coop] cor4 ,two v[els unit$ 9 "o s\nd1 =m a diph?ong4--,fro/ cor4 ,?ree v[els unit$ 9 "o s\nd1 =m a triph?ong4--,id4 ,any ^w jo9$ to an adv]b1 is a second>y adv]b4--,b>rett cor4 ,! p]son spok5 to1 is put 9 ! ,second p]son2 ! p]son spok5 (1 9 ! ,?ird p]son4--,cutl] cor4 ,a man devot$ to 8 bus9ess1 prosp]s4--,fro/ cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xii4--,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,s1 9 indirect que/ions2 z1 ',tell me :5 he w come4'--,butl] cor4 ,n[1 :5 ! v]b tells :at "o p]son or ?+ does to an o!r1 x is transitive4--,bullions cor4 ,agreeably to y\r reque/1 ,i s5d ?is lett]4--,id4 ,!re seems1 !re=e1 to be no good reason = giv+ !m a diff]5t classification4--,id4 ,aga91 ! k+dom ( heav5 is l unto a m]*ant-man seek+ good pe>ls4--,scott's ,bible1 ,smi?'s1 & ,bruce's4 ,aga91 ! k+dom ( heav5 is l unto a net t 0 ca/ into ! sea4--,same4 ,cease1 h[ev]1 is us$ z a transitive v]b by our be/ writ]s4--,web/] cor4 ,"t admits ( ?ree natural divisions2 namely1 ,pres5t1 ,pa/1 & ,future4--,day cor4 ,!re are ?ree k9ds ( comp>ison2 namely1 ,regul>1 ,irregul>1 & ,adv]bial--,id4 ,!re are five p]sonal pron\ns2 namely1 ,i1 ?\1 he1 %e1 & x4--,id4 ,n\ns h ?ree cases3 viz41 ! ,nom9ative1 ! ,possessive1 & ! ,objective4--,bullions cor4 ,h5ce1 9 /udy+ ,gramm>1 we h to /udy words4--,frazee cor4 ,p>ticiples1 l v]bs1 relate to n\ns & pron\ns4--,mill] cor4 ,! "t ( ! p>ticiple1 l t ( ! inf9itive1 is e/imat$ f ! "t ( ! lead+ v]b4--,bullions cor4 ,! dumb %all s+1 ! lame 8 crut* =ego1 ,& leap exult+1 l ! b\nd+ roe4--,pope4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiii4--,,( ,,conjunctions4 ,b he said1 ,nay2 le/1 :ile ye ga!r up ! t>es1 ye root up also ! :eat ) !m4--,scott's ,bible et al4 ,_! int5tions 7 good3 b1 want+ prud5ce1 !y miss$ ! m>k at :i* !y aim$4--,l4 ,mur4 cor4 ,! v]b be (t5 sep>ates ! "n f its attribute2 z1 ',w> is exp5sive4'--,web/] cor4 ,ei!r & or d5ote an alt]native2 z1 ',i w take ei!r road at y\r pleasure4'--,id4 ,ei!r is also a sub/itute = a "n2 z1 ',ei!r ( ! roads is good4'--,id4 ,b1 alas6 ,i fe> ! consequ5ce4--,day cor4 ,or1 if he ask a fi%1 w he = a fi% give him a s]p5t8--,luke1 xi1 #aa4 ,or1 if he %all ask an egg1 w he (f] him a scorpion8--,,alg]',s ,,bible3 ,luke1 xi1 #ab4 ,! inf9itive sometimes p]=ms ! (fice ( a nom9ative case2 z1 ',to enjoy is to obey4'--,,pope4--,cutl] cor4 ,! plural is commonly =m$ by add+ s to ! s+ul>2 z1 book1 books4--,bullions1 ,p4 ,lessons1 p4 #af4 ,z1 ',i 7 to blame1 if ,i did x4'--,sm>t cor4 ,or1 if x be ?y w & pleasure1 ,direct my pl\gh to f9d a treasure4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xiv4--,,( ,,prepositions4 ,pron\ns agree ) ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 & p]son4--,butl] & ,bullions cor4 ,9 ! fir/ two examples1 ! antec$5t is p]son1 or some?+ equival5t2 9 ! la/ "o1 x is ?+4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,9 :at "* he 0 admitt$1 is unkn[n4--,id4 ,to :at place he 0 go+1 is n kn[n4--,id4 ,9 ! prec$+ examples1 ,john1 ,cs>1 & ,james1 are ! subjects4--,id4 ,yes is g5]ally us$ to d5ote ass5t1 9 answ] to a "q4--,id4 ,t1 9 its orig91 is ! passive p>ticiple ( ! ,anglo-,saxon v]b !an1 !gan1 ?icgan1 ?icgean1 or ?igan1 to take4--,id4 ,b1 9 all ^! s5t5ces1 z & s are adv]bs4--,id4 ,aft] an int]jection or an exclamatory s5t5ce1 is usually plac$ ! m>k ( exclamation4--,d4 ,blair cor4 ,intransitive v]bs1 f _! nature1 c h no di/9ction ( voice4--,bullions cor4 ,to ! inflection ( v]bs1 belong ,voices1 ,moods1 ,t5ses1 ,numb]s1 & ,p]sons4--,id4 ,z & s1 9 ! antec$5t memb] ( a comp>ison1 are prop]ly ,adv]bs4 ,bett]3 ,z ,,or s1 9 ! antec$5t memb] ( a comp>ison1 is prop]ly an adv]b4--,id4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,ex]cise1 po9t out ! words 9 apposition4--,id4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,ex]cise1 po9t out ! n\n or pron\n d5ot+ ! possessor4--,id4 ,its is n f\nd 9 ! ,bible1 except by mispr9t4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #di4 ,no "o's int]e/ is conc]n$1 except m9e4--,hallock cor4 ,9 mo/ ( ! mod]n languages1 !re are f\r concords4--,/4 ,qu5t9 cor4 ,9 illu/ration ( ^! rem>ks1 let u suppose a case4--,h>t cor4 ,on ! "r managem5t ( ! emphasis1 dep5ds ! life ( pronunciation4--,j4 ,s4 ,h>t & ,l4 ,murray cor4 ,see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ccj4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xv4--,,( ,,int]jections4 ,behold1 he is 9 ! des]t4--,fri5d's ,bible4 ,& ,lot said unto !m1 ,oh1 n s1 my ,"l4--,alg]'s ,bible4 ,oh1 let me escape ?i!r1 7is x n a little "o87 & my s\l %all live4--,fri5d's ,bible1 & ,alg]'s4 ,behold1 ,i come quickly4--,rev41 xxii1 #g4 ,lo1 ,i am ) y always4--,day cor4 ,&1 lo1 ,i am ) y alway4--,alg]'s ,bible3 ,day cor42 also ,scott & ,bruce4 ,ha1 ha1 ha2 h[ laughable t is6--,bullions cor4 ,int]jections ( laught]2 ha1 ha1 ,ha4--,wright cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvi4--,,( ,,words ,,repeat$4 ,l5d1 l5d y\r w+s6 c4--,pope4 ,to b$1 to b$1 to b$4 ,!re is a knock+ at ! gate4 ,come1 come1 come4 ,:at is done1 _c be undone4 ,to b$1 to b$1 to b$4--,,%akspe>e3 ,burghs ,speak]1 p4 #acj4 ,i w ro>1 t ! duke %all cry1 ,encore1 encore1 let him ro>1 let him ro>1 once m1 once m4--,id41 ib41 p4 #acf4 ,vital sp>k ( heav5ly flame6 ,quit1 oh quit ?is mortal frame6--,pope4 ,o ! pleas+1 pleas+ angui%1 ,:5 we love1 & :5 we langui%4--,addison4 ,praise to ,god1 immortal praise1 ,= ! love t cr[ns our days6--,b>bauld4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,xvii4--,,( ,,dep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,?us1 ( an infant1 we say1 ',x is a lovely creature4'--,bullions cor4 ,no be+ c /ate a falsehood 9 say+1 ',i am2' = no "o c utt] ?is1 if x is n true4--,c>dell cor4 ,i "k !y w cry out aga9/ ?is1 & say1 ',%\ld he pay1' means1 ',if he %\ld pay4'--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce cor4 ,= in/ance1 :5 we say1 ',! h\se is build+1' ! advocates ( ! new !ory ask1--'build+ :at8' ,we might ask 9 turn1 ,:5 y say1 ',! field pl\ghs well1'--pl\ghs :at8 ',:eat sells well1'--sells :at8 ,if usage all[s u to say1 ',:eat sells at a doll>1' 9 a s5se t is n active2 :y may x n also all[ u to say1 ',:eat is sell+ at a doll>' 9 a s5se t is n active8--,h>t cor4 ,man is acc\ntable1' equals1 ',mank9d are acc\ntable4'--,b>rett cor4 ,?us1 :5 we say1 ',he may be read+1' may is ! real v]b2 ! o!r p>ts are v]bs by "n only4--,sm>t cor4 ,?us we say1 an apple1 an h\r1 t two v[el s\nds may n come toge!r4--,id4 ,x w\ld be z improp] to say1 an unit1 z to say1 an y\?2 to say1 an "o1 z to say1 an wond]4--,id4 ,:5 we say1 ',he di$ = ! tru?1' = is a preposition4--,id4 ,we d n say1 ',i might g ye/]day2' b1 ',i might h gone ye/]day4'--,id4 ,by /ud5t1 we und]/&1 "o :o has by matriculation acquir$ ! rights ( academical citiz5%ip2 b1 by burs*1 we und]/&1 "o :o has already sp5t a c]ta9 "t at ! univ]sity4--,h[itt cor4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,! ,,semicolon4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,complex ,,memb]s4 ,! buds spread into leaves1 & ! blossoms swell to fruit2 b !y "k n h[ !y gr[1 nor :o causes !m to spr+ up f ! bosom ( ! e>?4--,day cor4 ,b he us$ 8 eloqu5ce *iefly aga9/ ,philip1 k+ ( ,mac$on2 &1 9 sev]al orations1 he /irr$ up ! ,a!nians to make w> aga9/ him4--,bullions cor4 ,= ! sake ( euphony1 ! n is dropp$ be=e a consonant2 &1 because mo/ words beg9 ) a consonant1 ?is ( c\rse is its m common =m4--,id4 ,b if ,i say1 ',w a man be able to c>ry ?is burd58' x is manife/ ! idea is entirely *ang$2 ! ref]5ce is n to numb]1 b to ! species2 & ! answ] might be1 ',no2 b a horse w4'--,id4 ,9 direct disc\rse1 a n\n us$ by ! speak] or writ] to designate himself 9 ! special relation ( speak] or writ]1 is said to be ( ! fir/ p]son2 us$ to designate ! p]son address$1 x is said to be ( ! second p]son2 &1 :5 us$ to designate a p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (1 x is said to be ( ! ?ird p]son4--,id4 ,vice /+s u1 ev5 9 our pleasures2 b virtue consoles u1 ev5 9 our pa9s4--,day cor4 ,vice is infam\s1 ?\gh 9 a pr9ce2 & virtue1 hon\rable1 ?\gh 9 a peasant4--,id4 ,e ^w t is ! "n ( a p]son or ?+1 is a n\n2 because1 ',a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+4'--,bullions cor4 ,?is is ! sword ) :i* he did ! de$2 ,& t1 ! %ield by :i* he 0 def5d$4--,bucke cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,simple ,,memb]s4 ,a dea?like pal5ess 0 diffus$ ov] 8 c\nt5ance2 a *ill+ t]ror convuls$ 8 frame2 8 voice bur/ out at int]vals into brok5 acc5ts4--,j]n+ham cor4 ,! ,lac$emonians nev] trad$2 !y knew no luxury2 !y liv$ 9 h\ses built ( r\gh mat]ials2 !y ate at public tables2 f$ on black bro?2 & despis$ e ?+ effem9ate or luxuri\s4--,:elpley cor4 ,gov]nm5t is ! ag5t2 society is ! pr9cipal4--,wayl& cor4 ,! ess5tials ( spee* 7 anci5tly suppos$ to be suffici5tly designat$ by ! ,n\n & ! ,v]b2 to :i* 0 subsequ5tly add$ ! ,conjunction4--,bullions cor4 ,! fir/ fa9t gleam+s ( ?\ght 9 its m9d1 are b reflections f ! p>5ts' own intellect2 ! fir/ manife/ations ( temp]am5t1 are f ! contagi\s p>5tal f\nta92 ! fir/ aspirations ( s\l1 are b ! w>m+s & prompt+s ( ! p>5tal _s4--,jocelyn cor4 ,old] & olde/ ref] to maturity ( age2 eld] & elde/1 to priority ( "r by bir?4 ,f>!r & f>!/ d5ote place or di/ance2 fur!r & fur!/1 quantity or addition4--,bullions cor4 ,let ! divisions be natural2 su* z obvi\sly sugge/ !mselves to ! m9d2 su* z may aid y\r ma9 design2 & su* z may be easily rememb]$4--,goldsbury cor4 ,g5tly make ha/e1 ( lab\r n afraid2 ,a hundr$ times consid] :at y've said4--,dryd5 cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,apposition1 ,c4 7#a47 ,adjectives are divid$ 1 9 ,fro/'s ,practical ,gramm>1 into two classes2 adjectives d5ot+ quality1 & adjectives d5ot+ numb]4--,fro/ cor4 7#b47 ,!re are 1 accord+ to "s au?ors1 two classes ( adjectives2 qualify+ adjectives1 & limit+ adjectives4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 7#c-e47 ,!re are ?ree g5d]s2 ! mascul9e1 ! fem99e1 & ! neut]4--,fro/ et al4 cor42 also ,l4 ,mur4 et al42 also ,h5drick3 ,in/41 p4 #ce4 7#f47 ,! ,s+ul> d5otes "o2 ! ,plural1 m ?an "o4--,h>t cor4 7#g47 ,!re are ?ree cases2 viz41 ! ,nom9ative1 ! ,possessive1 & ! ,objective4--,h5drick cor4 7#h47 ,n\ns h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,kirkham cor4 7#i47 ,9 ,engli%1 n\ns h ?ree cases2 ! nom9ative1 ! possessive1 & ! objective4--,smi? cor4 7#aj47 ,gramm> is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 namely1 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 ,prosody4--,haz54 7#aa47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 viz41 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 ,prosody4--,mur4 et al4 cor4 7#ab47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 viz41 ,or?ography4 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 ,prosody4--,bucke cor4 7#ac47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 namely1 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody4--,l5nie1 ,bullions1 et al4 7#ad47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 viz41 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody4--,h5drick cor4 7#ae47 ,gramm> is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 viz41 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody4--,*&l] cor4 7#af47 ,x is divid$ into f\r p>ts2 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody4--,coop] & ,fro/ cor4 7#ag47 ,engli% ,gramm> has be5 usually divid$ into f\r p>ts2 viz41 ,or?ography1 ,etymology1 ,syntax1 & ,prosody4--,nutt+ cor4 7#ah47 ,temp]ance leads to happ9ess2 intemp]ance1 to mis]y4--,hiley & ,h>t cor4 7#ai1 #bj47 ,a fri5d exagg]ates a man's virtues2 an enemy1 8 crimes4--,hiley cor42 also ,murray4 7#ba47 ,_m writ]s use a plural n\n aft] ! second ( two num]al adjectives2 ?us1 ',! fir/ & second pages are torn4'--,bullions cor4 7#bb47 ,( ^!1 i4 e41 ( ,cases1 ! ,lat9 has six2 ! ,greek1 five2 ! ,g]man1 f\r2 ! ,saxon1 six2 ! ,fr5*1 ?ree2 c4--,id4 ,9 + x ends1 :5 do+ is express$2 ,9 d1 t1 n1 :5 suff]+'s confess$4--,brightl& cor4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,9 old books1 i is (t5 us$ = j2 v1 = u2 vv1 = w2 & ii or ij1 = y4--,h>t cor4 ,! =m+ ( lett]s into words & syllables1 is also call$ ,spell+4--,id4 ,labials are =m$ *iefly by ! lips2 d5tals1 by ! tee?2 palatals1 by ! palate2 gutturals1 by ! ?roat2 nasals1 by ! nose2 & l+uals1 by ! tongue4--,id4 ,! labials are p1 b1 f1 v2 ! d5tals1 t1 d1 s1 z2 ! palatals1 g s(t & j2 ! gutturals1 k1 q1 & c & g h>d2 ! nasals1 m & n2 & ! l+uals1 l & r4--,id4 ,?us1 ',! man1 hav+ f9i%$ 8 lett]1 w c>ry x to ! po/-(fice4'--,id4 ,?us1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',he _h a dagg] conceal$ "u 8 cloak1' conceal$ is passive1 signify+ be+ conceal$2 b1 9 ! =m] comb9ation1 x goes to make up a =m ! =ce ( :i* is active4--,id4 ,?us1 9 ,lat91 ',he _h conceal$ ! dagg]1' w\ld be1 ',pugionem abdid]at2' b1 ',he _h ! dagg] conceal$1' w\ld be1 ',pugionem abditum habebat4--,id4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 means1 '9 ?is place2' n[1 'at ?is "t2' c4--,id4 ,"h :5 bo? decl>es ! "t ( ! action1 & s is an adv]b2 & also connects ! two v]bs1 & s resembles a conjunction4--,id4 ,^! words 7 all1 no d\bt1 orig9ally o!r p>ts ( spee*2 viz41 v]bs1 n\ns1 & adjectives4--,id4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts ( a s5t5ce1 are ! subject1 ! attribute1 & ! object2 9 o!r words1 ! nom9ative1 ! v]b1 & ! objective4--,id4 ,?us1 ! adjective is connect$ ) ! n\n2 ! adv]b1 ) ! v]b or adjective2 ! pron\n1 ) its antec$5t2 c4 ,betwe5 ref]s to two2 among1 to m ?an two4--,id4 ,at is us$ aft] a v]b ( re/2 to1 aft] a v]b ( motion4--,id4 ,v]bs are ( ?ree k9ds2 ,active1 ,passive1 & ,neut]4--,l4 ,murray4 ,active ,v]bs are divid$ into two classes2 ,transitive & ,intransitive4--,h5drick cor4 ,! ,p>ts ( ,spee*1 9 ! ,engli% language1 are n9e2 viz41 ! ,article1 ,n\n1 ,adjective1 ,pron\n1 ,v]b1 ,adv]b1 ,preposition1 ,int]jection1 & ,conjunction4--,bullions cor4 ,see ,l5nie4 ,( ^!1 ! ,n\n1 ,pron\n1 & ,v]b1 are decl9$2 ! re/ are indecl9able4--,bullions1 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,! fir/ expression is call$ '! ,active =m2' ! second1 '! ,passive =m4'--,weld cor4 ,o1 'tis a godlike privilege to save2 ,& he t scorns x1 is himself a slave4--,c[p] cor4 ,,section ,,iii4--,,! ,,colon4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,additional ,,rem>ks4 ,( is a preposition3 x expresses ! relation betwe5 fe> & ,"l4--,bullions cor4 ,weal? & pov]ty are bo? temptations to man3 t t5ds to excite pride2 ?is1 discont5tm5t4--,id4 et al cor4 ,religion raises m5 above !mselves2 irreligion s9ks !m b5ea? ! brutes3 ?is b9ds !m d[n to a poor pitiable speck ( p]i%able e>?2 t op5s = !m a prospect to ! skies4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #ahi4 ,love n idl5ess3 x de/roys _m4--,+]soll cor4 ,*ildr51 obey y\r p>5ts3 ',hon\r ?y fa!r & "m1' is ! fir/ comm&m5t ) promise4--,bullions cor4 ,?\ art my hid+-place & my %ield2 ,i hope 9 ?y ^w4--,psalm cxix1 #aad4 ,! sun %all n smite !e by day1 nor ! moon by night4 ,! ,"l %all pres]ve !e f all evil3 he %all pres]ve ?y s\l4--,psalm cxxi1 #f4 ,"h to ,greece is assign$ ! highe/ place 9 ! class ( objects among :i* %e is numb]$--! nations ( antiquity3 %e is "o ( !m4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aad4 ,f %ort 7z usual7 & di/urb'd repose1 ,i wake3 h[ happy !y :o wake no m6--,"y1 ,n4 ,t41 p4 #c4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,great] ,,pauses4 ,a ta/e ( a ?+1 implies actual enjoym5t ( x2 b a tase sic--,,k? = x1 implies only capacity = enjoym5t3 z1 ',:5 we h _h a true ta/e ( ! pleasures ( virtue1 we c h no reli% = ^? ( vice4'--,bullions cor4 ,! ,indicative mood simply decl>es a ?+3 z1 ',he loves2' ',he is lov$3' or x asks a "q2 z1 ',love/ ?\ me8'--,id4 & ,l5nie cor42 also ,murray4 ,! ,imp]fect 7or ,pa/7 t5se repres5ts an action or ev5t indef9itely z pa/2 z1 ',cs> came1 & saw1 & conqu]$3' or x repres5ts ! action def9itely z unf9i%$ & cont9u+ at a c]ta9 "t n[ entirely pa/2 z1 ',my fa!r 0 com+ home :5 ,i met him4'--,bullions cor4 ,"s n\ns h no plural2 z1 gold1 silv]1 wisdom3 o!rs h no s+ul>3 z1 a%es1 %e>s1 tongs3 o!rs are alike 9 bo? numb]s2 z1 %eep1 de]1 means1 news4--,day cor4 ,! same v]b may be transitive 9 "o s5se1 & intransitive 9 an o!r3 ?us1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',he believes my /ory1' believes is transitive2 b1 9 ?is phrase1 ',he believes 9 ,god1' x is intransitive4--,butl] cor4 ,let ! divisions be di/9ct3 "o "p %\ld n include an o!r1 b ea* %\ld h its prop] place1 & be ( importance 9 t place2 & all ! p>ts1 well fitt$ toge!r & unit$1 %\ld pres5t a p]fect :ole4--,goldsbury cor4 ,9 ! use ( ! transitive v]b1 !re are always ?ree ?+s impli$2 ! actor1 ! act1 & ! object act$ ^u3 9 ! use ( ! intransitive1 !re are only two2 ! subject1 or ! ?+ spok5 (1 & ! /ate or action attribut$ to x4--,bullions cor4 ,:y lab\rs reason8 in/9ct 7 z well2 ,in/9ct1 f> bett]3 :at c *oose1 c err4--,"y1 vii1 #fbb4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,indep5d5t ,,quotations4 ,! s5t5ce may run ?us3 ',he is relat$ to ! same p]son1 & is gov]n$ by him4'--,h>t cor4 ,always rememb] ?is anci5t prov]b3 ',"k ?yself4'--,hallock cor4 ,consid] ?is s5t5ce3 ',! boy runs swiftly4'--,frazee cor4 ,! comp>ative is us$ ?us3 ',greece 0 m poli%$ ?an any o!r nation ( antiquity4' ,! same idea is express$ by ! sup]lative1 :5 ! ^w o!r is left out3 ?us1 ',greece 0 ! mo/ poli%$ nation ( antiquity4'--,bullions & ,l5nie cor4 ,burke1 9 8 spee* on ! ,c>natic w>1 makes ! foll[+ allusion to ! well kn[n fable ( ,cadmus s[+ dragon's tee?3--',e day y are fatigu$ & disgu/$ ) ?is cant3 ',! ,c>natic is a c\ntry t w soon recov]1 & become in/antly z prosp]\s z ev]4' ,!y ?9k !y are talk+ to innoc5ts1 :o believe t by ! s[+ ( dragon's tee?1 m5 may come up ready gr[n & ready made4'--,hiley & ,h>t cor4 ,= sects he c>'d n3 ',!y are n ( u1 ,nor ne$ we1 bre?r51 _! conc]ns discuss4'--,crabbe cor4 ,habit1 ) him1 0 all ! te/ ( tru?3 ',x mu/ be "r2 ,i've done x f my y\?4' ,que/ions he answ]'d 9 z brief a way3 ',x mu/ be wrong2 x 0 ( ye/]day4'--,id4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,?is w\ld seem to say1 ',i d\bt no?+1 save "o ?+2 namely1 t he w fulfill 8 promise3' :]eas t is ! v ?+ n d\bt$4--,bullions cor4 ,! common use ( language requires1 t a di/9ction be made betwe5 morals & mann]s3 ! =m] dep5d ^u int]nal dispositions2 ! latt]1 ^u outw>d & visible accompli%m5ts4--,beattie cor4 ,?\gh ,i dete/ w> 9 ea* p>ticul> fibre ( my he>t1 yet ,i hon\r ! h]oes among our fa!rs1 :o f\ght ) bloody h&4 ,peacemak]s 9 a savage way1 !y 7 fai?ful to _! light3 ! mo/ inspir$ c be no m2 & we1 ) great] light1 d1 x may be1 f> less4--,t4 ,p>k] cor4 ,! article !1 l a1 mu/ h a sub/antive jo9$ ) x2 :]eas t1 l "o1 may h x und]/ood3 ?us1 speak+ ( books1 ,i may select "o1 & say1 ',give me t2' b n1 ',give me !2'--s ,i may say1 ',give me "o2' b n1 ',give me a4'--,bullions cor4 ,! ,pres5t t5se has ?ree di/9ct =ms3 ! simple2 z1 ,i read3 ! emphatic2 z1 ,i d read3 & ! progressive2 z1 ,i am read+4 ,or ?us3 ,! ,pres5t t5se has ?ree di/9ct =ms2--! simple2 z1 ',i read2'--! emphatic2 z1 ',i d read2'--& ! progressive2 z1 ',i am read+4'--,id4 ,! t5ses 9 ,engli% are usually reckon$ six3 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 ! ,plup]fect1 ! ,fir/-future1 & ! ,second-future4--,id4 ,!re are ?ree p>ticiples2 ! ,pres5t or ,active1 ! ,p]fect or ,passive1 & ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect3 z1 lov+1 lov$1 hav+ lov$4 ,or1 bett]3 ,!re are ?ree p>ticiples f ea* v]b2 namely1 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 & ! ,prep]fect2 z1 turn+1 turn$1 hav+ turn$4--,murray et al4 cor4 ,! p>ticiples are ?ree2 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,p]fect1 & ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect3 z1 lov+1 lov$1 hav+ lov$4 ,bett]3 ,! p>ticiples ( ea* v]b are ?ree2 ! ,imp]fect1 ! ,p]fect1 & ! ,prep]fect3 z1 turn+1 turn$1 hav+ turn$4--,h>t cor4 ,w is conjugat$ regul>ly1 :5 x is a pr9cipal v]b3 z1 pres5t1 ,i w2 pa/1 ,i will$2 c4--,frazee cor4 ,& bo? s\nds ( x are comp\nd3 "o is t ( gz1 & ! o!r1 t ( ks4--,id4 ,! man is happy2 he is b5evol5t2 he is useful4--,l4 ,mur41 p4 #bh3 ,coop] cor4 ,! pron\n /&s 9 /ead ( ! n\n3 z1 ',! man is happy2 he is b5evol5t2 he is useful4'--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,a ,pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 /ead ( a n\n1 to prev5t too frequ5t a repetition ( x3 z1 ',! man is happy2 he is b5evol5t2 he is useful4'--,id4 ,a ,pron\n is a ^w us$ 9 ! room ( a n\n1 or z a sub/itute = "o or m words3 z1 ',! man is happy2 he is b5evol5t2 he is useful4'--,coop] cor4 ,a common n\n is ! "n ( a sort1 k9d1 or class1 ( be+s or ?+s2 z1 ,animal1 tree1 insect1 fi%1 f[l4--,id4 ,n\ns h ?ree p]sons2 ! fir/1 ! second1 & ! ?ird4--,id4 ,s say+1 h] ra% h& 9 evil h\r ,=? rea*+ to ! fruit1 %e pluck'd1 %e eat3 ,e>? felt ! w\nd2 & ,nature f h] seat1 ,sigh+ ?r\gh all h] works1 gave signs ( woe1 ,t all 0 lo/4--,,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,book ix1 l4 #ghj4 ,,section ,,iv4--,,! ,,p]iod4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,di/9ct ,,s5t5ces4 ,! ?ird p]son is ! position ( a ^w by :i* an object is m]ely spok5 (2 z1 ',paul & ,silas 7 imprison$4'--',! e>? ?ir/s4'--',! sun %9es4'--,frazee cor4 ,two1 & ?ree1 & f\r1 make n9e4 ,if he 7 "h1 he w\ld assi/ 8 fa!r & "m2 = he is a dutiful son4 ,!y live toge!r1 & are happy1 because !y enjoy ea* o!r's society4 ,!y w5t to ,roxbury1 & t>ri$ all night1 & came back ! next day4--,goldsbury cor4 ,we (t5 resolve1 b seldom p]=m4 ,%e is wis] ?an h] si/]4 ,?\gh he is (t5 advis$1 yet he does n re=m4 ,repro( ei!r s(t5s or h>d5s its object4 ,he is z old z 8 classmates1 b n s le>n$4 ,nei!r prosp]ity1 nor adv]sity1 has improv$ him4 ,let him t /&e?1 take he$ le/ he fall4 ,he c acquire no virtue1 unless he make "s sacrifices4--,id4 ,d[n f 8 neck1 ) blaz+ gems array'd1 ,?y image1 lovely ,anna6 hung portray'd2 ,?' unconsci\s figure1 smil+ all s]5e1 ,susp5d$ 9 a gold5 *a9 0 se54--,falcon]4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,alli$ ,,s5t5ces4 ,?is life is a m]e prelude to an o!r :i* has no limits4 ,x is a little portion ( duration4 ,z dea? leaves u1 s ! day ( judgem5t w f9d u4--,m]*ant cor4 ,he w5t f ,bo/on to ,new ,york4--,he w5t 7,i say7 f ,bo/on2 he w5t to ,new ,york4 ,9 walk+ across ! floor1 he /umbl$ ov] a *air4--,goldsbury correct$4 ,i saw him on ! spot1 go+ along ! road1 look+ t[>ds ! h\se4 ,dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 he sat on ! gr\nd1 "u ! %ade ( a tree4--,goldsbury correct$4 ',george came home2 ,i saw him ye/]day4' ,"h ! ^w him c ext5d only to ! individual ,george4--,b>rett correct$4 ,commas are (t5 us$ n[1 :]e p>5!ses 7 adopt$ =m]ly4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 e/eem ?is an improvem5t4--,bucke's ,classical ,gramm>1 p4 #bj4 ,?\1 l a sleep+1 fai?less s5t9el1 ,did/ let !m pass unnotic'd1 unimprov'd4 ,& "k1 = t ?\ slumb]/ on ! gu>d1 ,?\ %alt be made to answ] at ! b> ,= e fugitive4--,,cotton3 ,hallock & ,enfield cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,abbreviations4 ,! t]m pron\n 7,lat4 pronom57 /rictly means a ^w us$ =1 or 9 /ead (1 a n\n4--,bullions correct$4 ,! p]iod is also us$ aft] abbreviations2 z1 ,a4 ,d41 ,p4 ,s41 ,g4 ,w4 ,johnson4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,on ?is pr9ciple ( classification1 ! lat] ,greek gramm>ians divid$ words into eight classes1 or p>ts ( spee*3 viz41 ! ,article1 ,n\n1 ,pron\n1 ,v]b1 ,p>ticiple1 ,adv]b1 ,preposition1 & ,conjunction4-- ,bullions cor4 ',metre ,melody is n conf9$ to v]se3 !re is a tune 9 all good prose2 & ,%akspe>e's 0 a sweet "o4'--,epea ,pt]41 ii1 #fa4 ,fir/ ,am]ican ,ed41 ii1 #ej4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,tooke's idea 0 probably j1 agree+ ) ,ari/otle's2 b 1 if s1 x is n accurately express$4-- ,*ur*ill cor4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,tooke 0 educat$ at ,eton & at ,cambridge1 9 :i* latt] college he took ! degree ( ,a4 ,m4 ,be+ int5d$ = ! e/abli%$ *ur* ( ,engl&1 he ent]$ into holy ord]s :5 "y2 & obta9$ ! liv+ ( ,br5t=d1 ne> ,london1 :i* he held t5 or twelve ye>s4--,tooke's ,annotator cor4 ,i1 nor y\r plan1 nor book condemn2 ,b :y y\r "n8 & :y ,a4 ,m48--,lloyd cor4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,if ?\ turn away ?y foot f ! sabba?1 c4--,isaiah1 lviii1 #ac4 ,he t ha? e]is ( h]vnge1 "h he4--,,wickliffe3 ,matt41 xi1 #ae4 ,see ,g5]al ,rules = ,spell+1 iii1 v1 & vii4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,false witnesses did rise up4--,ps41 xxxv1 #aa4 ,an explicative s5t5ce is us$ = expla9+2 an int]rogative s5t5ce1 = inquir+2 an imp]ative s5t5ce1 = comm&+4-- ,b>rett cor4 ,9 ,octob]1 corn is ga!r$ 9 ! field by m51 :o g f hill to hill ) baskets1 into :i* !y put ! e>s4--,susan lab\rs ) h] ne$le = a livelihood4--,not)/&+ 8 pov]ty1 he is a man ( integrity4--,golds1 cor4 ,a ^w ( "o syllable is call$ a monosyllable2 a ^w ( two syllables1 a dissyllable2 a ^w ( ?ree syllables1 a trissyllable2 a ^w ( f\r or m syllables1 a polysyllable4--,frazee cor4 ,if ,i say1 ',if x did n ra91 ,i w\ld take a walk2' ,i convey ! idea t x does ra9 at ! "t ( speak+4 ',if x ra9$1' or1 ',did x ra91' 9 ref]5ce to ! pres5t "t1 implies t x does n ra94 ',if x did n ra91' or1 ',did x n ra91' 9 ref]5ce to ! pres5t "t1 implies t x does ra94 ,?us1 9 ?is peculi> application1 an affirmative s5t5ce always implies a negation2 & a negative s5t5ce1 an affirmation4--,id4 ',if ,i 7 lov$' &1 ',7 ,i lov$2' imply ,i am n lov$3 ',if ,i 7 n lov$1' &1 ',7 ,i n lov$1' imply ,i am lov$4 ,a negative s5t5ce implies an affirmation1 & an affirmative s5t5ce implies a negation1 9 ^! =ms ( ! subjunctive4--,id4 ,:at is ,rule ,,iii8--,h>t cor4 ,h[ is ,rule ,,iii violat$8--,id4 ,h[ d y p>se lett] 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',james writes a lett]8' ,ans4 ,lett] is a common n\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & objective case2 & is gov]n$ by ! v]b writes1 accord+ to ,rule ,,iii1 :i* says1 ',a transitive v]b gov]ns ! objective case4'--,id4 ,creation sleeps4 ',tis z ! g5'ral pulse ,( life /ood /ill1 & nature made a pause2 ,an awful pause6 prophetic ( h] end4 ,& let h] prophecy be soon fulfill'd3 ,fate1 drop ! curta92 ,i c lose no m4--,"y4 ,,section ,v4--,,! ,,da%4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,abrupt ,,pauses4 ,& !re is some?+ 9 y\r v /range /ory1 t resembles--,does ,mr4 ,bevil "k y\r hi/ory p>ticul>ly8--,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #adi4 ,sir1--,mr4 ,myrtle--,g5tlem5--,y are fri5ds--,i am b a s]vant--,b----,ib41 p4 #aah4 ,an o!r man n[ w\ld h giv5 plump into ?is fooli% /ory2 b ,i--,no1 no1 y\r humble s]vant = t4--,,g>rick1 ,neck or ,no?+4 ,d n plunge ?yself too f> 9 ang]1 le/ ?\ ha/5 ?y trial2 :i* if--,"l h m]cy on !e = a h56--,,%akspe>e1 ,all's ,well4 ,b ere !y came1--,o1 let me say no m6 ,ga!r ! sequel by t w5t be=e4--,,idem1 ,com4 ( ,errors4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,emphatic ,,pauses4 ,m1--,malvolio2--,m1--:y1 t beg9s my "n4--,,s+]',s ,,%ak41 ,twelf? ,night4 ,?us1 by ! creative influ5ce ( ! ,et]nal ,_s1 7 ! heav5s & ! e>? f9i%$ 9 ! space ( six days--s admirably f9i%$--an un=m$ *aos *ang$ into a sy/em ( p]fect ord] & beauty--t ! adorable ,ar*itect himself pron\nc$ x v good1 & all ! sons ( ,god %\t$ = joy4--,hi/orical ,read]1 p4 #aj4 ,if ,i 7 an ,am]ican1 z ,i am an ,engli%man1 :ile a =eign troop rema9$ 9 my c\ntry1 ,i nev] w\ld lay d[n my arms--nev]1 nev]1 nev]4--,pitt's ,spee*4 ,madam1 y\rself are n exempt 9 ?is1-- ,nor y\r son ,dorset2--,buck+ham1 nor y4--,,%ak4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,faulty ,,da%es4 ',y %all g home directly1 ,le ,fevre1' said my uncle ,toby1 'to my h\se2 & we'll s5d = a doctor to see :at's ! matt]2 & we'll h an apo!c>y2 & ! corporal %all be y\r nurse3 & ,i'll be y\r s]vant1 ,le ,fevre4'--,/]ne cor4 ,he cont9u$3 ',inf]ior arti/s may be at a /&1 because !y want mat]ials4'--,h>ris cor4 ,?us1 !n1 cont9u$ he3 ',! end1 9 o!r arts1 is ev] di/ant & remov$4'--,id4 ,! n\ns mu/ be c\pl$ ) &2 & :5 a pron\n is us$1 x mu/ be plural1 z 9 ! example4 ,:5 ! n\ns are disjo9$1 ! pron\n mu/ be s+ul>4--,l5nie cor4 ,op9ion is a common n\n1 or sub/antive1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case4--,wright cor4 ,! m\nta91 ?y pall & ?y prison1 may keep !e2 ,i %all see !e no m1 b till dea? ,i w weep !e4 --,see ,felton's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,if to accommodate man & bea/1 heav5 & e>?--if ?is be beyond me1 'tis n possible4--,:at consequ5ce !n foll[s8 ,or c !re be any o!r ?an ?is8--if ,i seek an int]e/ ( my own1 deta*$ f t ( o!rs1 ,i seek an int]e/ :i* is *im]ical1 & c nev] h exi/5ce4--,h>ris4 ,aga93 ,i mu/ h food & clo?+4 ,)\t a prop] g5ial w>m?1 ,i in/antly p]i%4 ,am ,i n relat$1 9 ?is view1 to ! v e>? itself8--to ! di/ant sun1 f ^: beams ,i d]ive vig\r8--,id4 ,nature in/antly ebb$ aga92 ! film return$ to its place2 ! pulse flutt]$--/opp$--w5t on--?robb$--/opp$ aga9--mov$--/opp$4-- ,%all ,i g on8--,no4--,/]ne cor4 ,write t5 n\ns ( ! mascul9e g5d]2--t5 ( ! fem99e2--t5 ( ! neut]2 t5 indef9ite 9 g5d]4--,davis cor4 ,! inf9itive mood has two t5ses2 ! indicative1 six2 ! pot5tial1 f\r2 ! subjunctive1 two2 & ! imp]ative1 "o4--,frazee cor4 ,n[ notice ! foll[+ s5t5ces3 ',john runs4'--',boys run4'--',?\ runne/4'--,id4 ,! ,pron\n sometimes /&s = a "n2 sometimes = an adjective1 a s5t5ce1 or a "p ( a s5t5ce2 &1 sometimes1 = a :ole s]ies ( propositions4--,peirce cor4 ,! self-applaud+ bird1 ! peacock1 see2 ,m>k :at a sumptu\s ph>isee is he6--,c[p] cor4 ,,section ,,vi4--,,! ,,eroteme4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,que/ions ,,direct4 ,:5 w 8 e> delight 9 ! s\nd ( arms8 ,:5 %all ,i1 l ,osc>1 travel 9 ! light ( my /eel8--,ossian1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ceg4 ,w ,h5ry call on me1 :ile he %all be j\rney+ s\?8--,peirce cor4 ,an ,int]rogative ,pron\n is "o t is us$ 9 ask+ a "q2 z1 ',:o is he8 & :at does he want8'--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,:o is g5]ally us$ :5 we w\ld inquire ab\t "s unkn[n p]son or p]sons2 z1 ',:o is t man8'--,id4 ,y\r fa!rs1 :]e are !y8 & ! prophets1 d !y live =ev]8--,ze*41 i4 #e4 ,x is true1 t "s ( our be/ writ]s h us$ ?an :om2 b x is also true t !y h us$ o!r phrases :i* we h reject$ z ungrammatical3 !n :y n reject ?is too8--,! s5t5ces 9 ! ex]cises1 ) ?an :o1 are correct z !y /&4--,l5nie cor4 ,:5 ! p]fect p>ticiple ( an active-intransitive v]b is annex$ to ! neut] v]b to be1 :at does ! comb9ation =m8--,hallock cor4 ,^? adv]bs :i* answ] to ! "q :]e8 :i!r8 or :5ce8 are call$ adv]bs ( place4--,id4 ,can/ ?\ by se>*+ f9d out ,god8 can/ ?\ f9d out ! ,almighty unto p]fection8 ,x is z high z heav52 :at can/ ?\ d8 deep] ?an hell2 :at can/ ?\ "k8--,,scott1 ,,alg]1 ,,bruce1 ,,& ,,o!rs3 ,job1 xi1 #g & #h4 ,:]e1 :]e1 = %elt] %all ! wick$ fly1 ,:5 con/]nation turns ! good man pale8--,"y4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,que/ions ,,unit$4 ,:o kn[s :at res\rces are 9 /ore1 & :at ! p[] ( ,god may d = !e8--,,/]ne3 ,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #cjg4 ,god is n a man1 t he %\ld lie2 nei!r ! son ( man1 t he %\ld rep5t3 ha? he said1 & %all he n d x8 or ha? he spok51 & %all he n make x good8--,,scott',s ,,bible1 ,,alg]',s1 ,,fri5ds'1 ,,bruce',s1 ,,& ,,o!rs3 ,numb41 xxiii1 #ai4 ,ha? ! ,"l said x1 & %all he n d x8 ha? he spok5 x1 & %all he n make x good8--,l5nie & ,bullions cor4 ,:o calls ! c\ncil1 /ates ! c]ta9 day1 ,:o =ms ! phalanx1 & :o po9ts ! way8--,pope's ,essay4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,que/ions ,,indirect4 ,to be1 or n to be2--t is ! "q4--,%ak4 et al4 cor4 ,if x be ask$1 :y a pause %\ld any m be necess>y to emphasis ?an to an acc5t1--or :y an emphasis alone w n suffici5tly di/+ui% ! memb]s ( s5t5ces f ea* o!r1 )\t pauses1 z acc5t does words1--! answ] is obvi\s3 t we are preacqua9t$ ) ! s\nd ( words1 & _c mi/ake !m :5 di/9ctly pron\nc$1 h[ev] rapidly2 b we are n preacqua9t$ ) ! mean+ ( s5t5ces1 :i* mu/ be po9t$ out to u by ! read] or speak]4--,%]idan cor4 ,cry1 ',by y\r prie/hood1 tell me :at y are4'--,pope cor4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,:o else c he be8--,b>rett cor4 ,:]e else c he g8--,id4 ,9 famili> language1 "h1 !re1 & :]e1 are us$ = hi!r1 ?i!r1 & :i!r4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ?is s5t5ce3 ',indol5ce und]m9es ! f\ndation ( virtue4'--,h>t cor4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! s5t5ce be=e quot$3 ',indol5ce und]m9es ! f\ndation ( virtue4'--,id4 ,"u ! same head1 are consid]$ su* s5t5ces z ^!3 ',he t ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>4'--',gad1 a troop %all ov]come him4'--,id4 ,t5ses are c]ta9 modifications ( ! v]b1 :i* po9t out ! di/9ctions ( "t4--,bullions cor4 ,calm 0 ! day1 & ! sc5e1 delightful4--,id4 ,see ,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #e4 ,! capital lett]s us$ by ! ,romans to d5ote numb]s1 7 ,c1 ,i1 ,l1 ,v1 ,x2 :i* are !re=e call$ ,num]al ,lett]s4 ,i d5otes "o2 ,v1 five2 ,x1 t52 ,l1 fifty2 & ,c1 a hundr$4--,bullions cor4 ',i %all h writt52' viz41 at or be=e "s future "t or ev5t4--,id4 ,9 ,lat9 words1 ! liquids are l & r only2 9 ,greek words1 l1 r1 m1 & n4--,id4 ,ea* legion 0 divid$ into t5 cohorts2 ea* cohort1 into ?ree maniples2 & ea* maniple1 into two c5turies4--,id4 ,( ! ,roman lit]ature previ\s to ,a4 ,u4 #ead1 sc>cely a ve/ige rema9s4--,id4 ,& t :i* ,he delights 91 mu/ be happy4 ,b :58 or :]e8 ,?is _w 0 made = ,cs>4--,,cato4 ,look next on greatness4 ,say :]e greatness lies4 ,:]e1 b among ! h]oes & ! wise8--,pope4 ,,section ,,vii--,,! ,,ecphoneme4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,int]jections1 c4 7#a47 ,o6 t he 7 wise6--,bullions cor4 7#b47 ,o6 t 8 he>t 7 t5d]6--,see ,murray's ,ex4 or ,key1 "u ,rule xix4 7#c & #d47 ,oh6 :at a sight is "h6--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ga2 7#cg27 ,pract4 ,les41 p4 #hb2 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 7#e-i47 ,o ,virtue6 h[ amiable ?\ art6--,f>num's ,gram41 p4 #ab2 ,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #aaa4 7#aj47 ,oh6 t ,i _h be5 m dilig5t6--,h>t cor42 & ,hiley4 7#aa47 ,o6 ! humiliation to :i* vice r$uces u6--,f>num & ,mur4 cor4 7#ab47 ,o6 t he 7 m prud5t6--,f>num cor4 7#ac & #ad47 ,ah me6--,davis cor4 7#ae47 ,lately1 alas6 ,i knew a g5tle boy1 c4--,dial cor4 7#af & #ag47 ,wo is me1 ,alhama6--,byron's ,poems3 ,wells cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,invocations4 ,weep on ! rocks ( ro>+ w9ds1 ,o maid ( ,ini/ore6--,ossian4 ,cease a little :ile1 ,o w9d6 /ream1 be ?\ sil5t a :ile6 let my voice be he>d ar\nd4 ,let my w&]] he> me6 ,salg>6 x is ,colma :o calls4 ,"h is ! tree1 & ! rock4 ,salg>1 my love6 ,i am "h4 ,:y delaye/ ?\ ?y com+8 ,lo6 ! calm moon comes =?4 ,! flood is bright 9 ! vale4--,id41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cfi4 ,ah1 /ay n1 /ay n6 gu>dless & alone3 ,hector6 my lov'd1 my de>e/1 brave/ son6--,pope1 ,,ii41 xxii1 #fa4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,iii4--,,( ,,exclamatory ,,que/ions4 ,h[ mu* bett] is wisdom ?an gold6--,see ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bgb4 ,o ,virtue6 h[ amiable art ?\6--,see ,murray's ,gramm>1 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #ie4 ,at t h\r1 ,o h[ va9 0 all sublun>y happ9ess6--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #aag2 see ,engli% ,read]1 p4 #ace4 ,alas6 h[ few & transitory are ! joys :i* ?is _w af=ds to man6--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,oh6 h[ va9 & transitory are all ?+s "h bel[6--,id4 ,& ,o6 :at *ange ( /ate1 :at *ange ( rank1 ,9 t assembly ev]y:]e 0 se56--,pollok cor42 also ,day4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,o ,%ame6 :]e is ?y blu%8--,%ak4#eeg ,john1 give me my hat4--,b>rett cor4 ,:at6 is ,mosc[ 9 flames8--,id4 ,o6 :at happ9ess awaits ! virtu\s6--,id4 ,ah1 welladay6 d :at we c = him1 said ,trim1 ma9ta9+ 8 po9t1--! poor s\l w die4--,/]ne or ,enfield cor42 also ,kirkham4 ,w ,john return to-morr[8--,b>rett cor4 ,w n ,john return to-morr[8--,id4 ,john1 return to-morr[4--,id4 ,soldi]s1 /& firm4--,id4 ,if mea1 :i* means my1 is an adjective 9 ,lat91 :y may n my be s call$ 9 ,engli%8 & if my is an adjective1 :y n ,b>rett's8--,id4 ,o ,absalom1 my son6--,see #b ,sam41 xix1 #d4 ,o />-ey$ ,sci5ce6 :i!r ha/ ?\ fl$8--,peirce cor4 ,:y d y tol]ate y\r own inconsi/5cy1 by call+ x ! pres5t t5se8--,id4 ,?us ! decl>ative mood i4e41 ! indicative mood may be us$ 9 ask+ a "q3 z1 ',:at man is frail8'--,id4 ,:at connection has motive1 wi%1 or supposition1 ) ! ! t]m subjunctive8--,id4 ,a gr& reason1 truly1 = call+ x a gold5 key6--,id4 ,:at 'suff]+' ! man :o c say ?is1 mu/ be endur+6--,id4 ,:at is ,br[n's ,rule 9 relation to ?is matt]8--,id4 ,alas6 h[ %ort is life6--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,?omas1 /udy y\r book4--,id4 ,:o c tell u :o !y are8--,sanborn cor4 ,"l1 h m]cy on my son2 = he is lunatic1 & sorely vex$4--,see ,matt41 xvii1 #ae4 ,o ye wild groves6 ,o :]e is n[ y\r bloom8--,felton cor4 ,o :o ( man ! /ory w unfold8--,f>num cor44 ,me?\ght ,i he>d ,horatio say1 ,to-morr[4 ,g to--,i w n he> ( x--to-morr[6--,,cotton4 ,h[ 8 eyes langui%6 h[ 8 ?\ghts adore ,t pa9t$ coat :i* ,joseph nev] wore6 ,,section ,,viii4--,,! ,,curves4 ,,corrections ,,"u ,,rule ,i4--,,( ,,p>5!ses4 ,ano!r 1 bett] writt5 z a phrase1 ,an o!r1 is compos$ ( ! indef9ite article an1 7:i* etymologically means "o17 & o!r2 & d5otes "o o!r4--,hallock cor4 ,ea* mood has its peculi> ,t5se1 ,t5ses1 or ,times4--,bucke cor4 ,9 "s v anci5t languages1 7z ! ,hebrew17 :i* h be5 employ$ *iefly = express+ pla9 s5tim5ts 9 ! pla9e/ mann]1 )\t aim+ at any elaborate l5g? or h>mony ( p]iods1 ?is pron\n ! relative occurs n s (t54--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,be=e ,i %all say ^? ?+s1 ,o ,conscript ,fa!rs6 ab\t ! public affairs1 :i* are to be spok5 at ?is "t2 ,i %all lay be=e y1 9 few words1 ! motives ( ! j\rney & ! return4--,brightl& cor4 ,( well-*ose words "s take n c>e en\gh1 ,& ?9k !y %\ld be1 l ! subject1 r\gh4--,id4 ,!n1 hav+ %[$ 8 w\nds1 he'd sit him d[n4--,bullions cor4 ,,"u ,,rule ,,ii4--,,( ,,includ$ ,,po9ts4 ,!n ,jael smote ! nail into 8 temples1 & fa/5$ x into ! gr\nd3 7= he 0 fa/ asleep1 & we>y37 s he di$4--,,scott',s ,,bible3 ,judges1 iv1 #ba4 ,e ?+ 9 ! ,iliad has mann]s1 7z ,ari/otle expresses x17 t is1 e ?+ is act$ or spok54--,pope cor4 ,^? n\ns t end 9 f1 or fe4 7except "s few :i* ,i %all m5tion pres5tly17 =m plurals by *ang+ ^? lett]s into ves3 z1 ?ief1 ?ieves3 wife1 wives4--,bucke cor4 ,z requires z2 7express+ equality ( degree27 ?us1 ',m9e is z good z y\rs4' ,z requires s2 7express+ equality or proportion27 ?us1 ',z ! />s1 s %all ?y se$ be4' ,s requires z2 7) a negative express+ inequality27 z1 ',he is n s wise z 8 bro!r4' ,s requires t2 7express+ a consequ5ce37 z1 ',i am s weak t ,i _c walk4' #eeh--;,bullions cor4 ,a capti\s "q1 sir1 7& y\rs is "o17 ,des]ves an answ] simil>1 or none4--,c[p] cor4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,:atev] words ! v]b ,,to ,,be s]ves to unite1 ref]r+ to ! same ?+1 mu/ be ( ! same case2 7#fa27 z1 ',alex&] is a /ud5t4'--,bullions cor4 ,:5 ! objective is a relative or an int]rogative1 x comes be=e ! v]b t gov]ns x3 7#dj1 ,rule #i37 ,murray's #f? rule is unnecess>y4--,id4 ,x is g5]ally improp]1 except 9 poetry1 to omit ! antec$5t to a relative2 & always1 to omit a relative1 :5 ( ! nom9ative case4--,id4 ,9 e s5t5ce1 !re mu/ be a v]b & a nom9ative or subject1 express$ or und]/ood4--,id4 ,n\ns & pron\ns1 & especially words d5ot+ "t1 are (t5 gov]n$ by prepositions und]/ood2 or are us$ to re/rict v]bs or adjectives1 )\t a gov]n+ ^w3 7#ej1 ,rem4 #f & ,rule37 z1 ',he gave to me a full acc\nt ( ! affair4'--,id4 ,:5 %\ld is us$ 9 /ead ( ought1 to express pres5t duty1 7#bj1 #d17 x may be foll[$ by ! pres5t2 z1 ',y %\ld /udy t y may become le>n$4'--,id4 ,! indicative pres5t is frequ5tly us$ aft] ! words :51 till1 be=e1 z soon z1 aft]1 to express ! relative "t ( a future action3 7#bd1 ,i1 #d27 z1 ',:5 he comes1 he w be welcome4'--,id4 ,! relative is p>s$1 accord+ to ,bullions1 by /at+ its g5d]1 numb]1 case1 & antec$5t2 7! g5d] & numb] be+ always ! same z ^? ( ! antec$5t27 ?us1 ',! boy :o'--',:o is a relative pron\n1 mascul9e1 s+ul>1 ! nom9ative2 & ref]s to 'boy' z its antec$5t4--,id4 ',n[1 n[1 ,i seize1 ,i clasp ?y *>ms2 ,& n[ y bur/1 ah cruel6 f my arms4'--,pope4 ,"h is an unnecess>y *ange f ! second p]son s+ul> to ! second p]son plural4 ,! text w\ld h be5 bett]1 ?us3-- ',n[1 n[1 ,i seize1 ,i clasp y\r *>ms2 ,& n[ y bur/1 ah cruel6 f my arms4'--,john ,burn cor4 ,see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ce2 ,*ur*ill's1 #bic4 ,,section ,,ix4--,,all ,,po9ts4 ,,mix$ ,,examples ,,correct$4 ,! pr9cipal /ops are ! foll[+3 ! ,comma 11 ! ,semicolon 21 ! ,colon 31 ! ,p]iod1 or ,full ,/op 41 ! ,note ( ,int]rogation 81 ! ,note ( ,exclamation 61 ! ,p>5!sis 771 & ! ,da% --4--,bullions cor4 ,! mod]n punctuation 9 ,lat9 is ! same z 9 ,engli%4 ,! *ief m>ks employ$ are ! ,comma 11 ! ,semicolon 21 ! ,colon 31 ! ,p]iod 41 ! ,note ( ,int]rogation 81 ! ,note ( ,exclamation 7671 ! ,p>5!sis 771 & ! ,da% --4--,id4 ,plato reprov+ a "y man = play+ at "s *ildi% game1 ',y *ide me1' says ! y\?1 '= a trifl+ fault4' ',cu/om1' repli$ ! philosoph]1 'is no trifle4' ',&1' adds ,montaigne1 'he 0 9 ! "r2 = our vices beg9 9 infancy4'--,home cor4 ,a m]*ant at sea ask$ ! skipp] :at dea? 8 fa!r di$4 ',my fa!r1' says ! skipp]1 'my gr&fa!r1 & my great-gr&fa!r1 7 all dr[n$4' ',well1' replies ! m]*ant1 '& are n y afraid ( be+ dr[n$ too8'--,id4 ,! use ( inv]t$ commas d]ives f ,france1 :]e "o ,guillemet 0 ! au?or ( !m2 &1 z an ackn[l$gem5t = ! improvem5t1 8 c\ntrym5 call !m aft] 8 "n1 ,,guillemets4--,hi/4 cor4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is seldom if ev] done1 unless ! ^w foll[+ ! possessive beg9s ) s2 ?us1 we d n say1 '! pr9ce' fea!r2' b1 '! pr9ce's fea!r4'--,bullions cor4 ,& ?is phrase mu/ mean1 '! fea!r ( ! pr9ce2' b 'pr9ce's-fea!r1' writt5 z "o ^w1 & ) bo? apo/rophe & hyph51 is ! "n ( a plant1 a species ( am>an?4--,g4 ,br[n4 ,bo?ius soon _h ! satisfaction ( obta9+ ! highe/ hon\rs 8 c\ntry c\ld be/[4--,+]soll cor42 also ,l4 ,murray4 ,:5 an example1 a quotation1 or a spee*1 is introduc$1 x is sep>at$ f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce ei!r by a comma or by a colon2 z1 ',! ,scriptures give u an amiable repres5tation ( ! ,deity1 9 ^! words3 ,god is love4'--,hiley cor4 ,ei!r ! colon or ! comma may be us$1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! case1 :5 an example1 a quotation1 or a spee*1 is introduc$2 z1 ',always rememb] ?is anci5t maxim3 ,"k ?yself4'--',! ,scriptures give u an amiable repres5tation ( ! ,deity1 9 ^! words3 ,god is love4'--,bullions cor4 ,! fir/ ^w ( a quotation introduc$ aft] a colon1 or ( any s5t5ce quot$ 9 a direct =m1 mu/ beg9 ) a capital3 z1 ',always rememb] ?is anci5t maxim3 ,"k ?yself4'--',our great lawgiv] says1 ,take up ?y cross daily1 & foll[ me4'--,bullions & ,l5nie cor42 also ,l4 ,murray2 also ,weld4 ,see ,luke1 ix1 #bc4 ,tell me1 9 ^: h\se d y live8--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,he t acts wisely1 des]ves praise4--,id4 ,he :o /eals my purse1 /eals tra%4--,id4 ,! antec$5t is sometimes omitt$2 z1 ',:o /eals my purse1 /eals tra%4'--,%ak4 ,t is1 ',he :o1' or1 ',! p]son :o4'--,id4 ,?us1 ',:oev] /eals my purse1 /eals tra%2'--',:oev] does no good1 does h>m4'--,id4 ,?us1 ',:oev] s9s1 w suff]4' ,?is means1 t any "o1 )\t exception1 :o s9s1 w suff]4--,id4 ,lett]s =m syllables2 syllables1 words2 words1 s5t5ces2 & s5t5ces1 comb9$ & connect$1 =m disc\rse4--,coop] cor4 ,a lett] :i* =ms a p]fect s\nd :5 utt]$ by itself1 is call$ a v[el2 z1 a1 e1 i4--,id4 ,a prop] n\n is ! "n ( an individual1 or ( a p>ticul> p or place2 z1 ,john1 ,bo/on1 ,hudson1 ,am]ica4--,id4 ,_m m5 h be5 capable ( do+ a wise ?+2 m1 a cunn+ ?+2 b v few1 a g5]\s ?+4--,davis cor4 ,9 ! place ( an ellipsis ( ! v]b1 a comma mu/ be ins]t$4--,id4 ,a common n\n unlimit$ by an article1 is sometimes und]/ood 9 its broade/ acceptation3 ?us1 ',fi%es swim1' is und]/ood to mean all fi%es2 ',man is mortal1' all m54--,id4 ,?us1 ^? s\nds =m$ pr9cipally by ! ?roat1 are call$ gutturals2 ^? =m$ pr9cipally by ! palate1 palatals2 ^? =m$ by ! tee?1 d5tals2 ^? by ! lips1 labials2 & ^? by ! nose1 nasals4--,davis cor4 ,"s adjectives are comp>$ irregul>ly3 z1 ,good1 lett]1 be/2 ,bad1 worse1 wor/2 ,little1 less1 lea/4--,felton cor4 ,"u ! f\r? head ( gramm>1 !re=e1 f\r topics w be consid]$2 viz41 ,,punctuation1 ,,or?oepy sic--,,k?1 ,,figures1 & ,,v]sification4--,h>t cor4 ,direct h] onw>d to t peaceful %ore1 ,:]e p]il1 pa91 & dea?1 are felt no m6--,falcon] cor4 ,,good ,,engli% ,,rightly ,,po9t$4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,discov]ies ( su* a "* are sometimes made 9 gramm> also2 & su*1 too1 are (t5 _! orig9 & _! end4--,bullions cor4 ,,trav]se1 lit]ally to cross1 ,to d5y :at ! opposite p>ty has alleg$4 ,to trav]se an indictm5t1 or ! l1 is to d5y x4--,id4 ,! ,ord9al num]als d5ote ! ord]1 or succession1 9 :i* any numb] ( p]sons or ?+s are m5tion$2 z1 fir/1 second1 ?ird1 f\r?1 c4--,hiley cor4 ,n\ns h ?ree p]sons2 ! ,fir/1 ! ,second1 & ! ,?ird4 ,! ,fir/ p]son is t :i* d5otes ! speak]3 ! ,second is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ spok5 to2 ! ,?ird is t :i* d5otes ! p]son or ?+ m]ely spok5 (4--,h>t cor4 ,n\ns h ?ree cases2 ! ,nom9ative1 ! ,possessive1 & ! ,objective4 ,! relations indicat$ by ! cases ( a n\n1 include ?ree di/9ct ideas2 viz41 ^? ( subject1 object1 & own]%ip4--,id4 ,9 speak+ ( animals t are ( inf]ior size1 or ^: sex is n kn[n or n reg>d$1 we (t5 treat !m z )\t sex3 ?us1 we say ( a cat1 ',x is trea*]\s2' ( an infant1 ',x is beautiful2' ( a de]1 ',x 0 kill$4'--,id4 ,:5 ,,?is & ,,t1 or ,,^! & ,,^?1 ref] to a prec$+ s5t5ce2 ,,?is or ,,^! repres5ts ! latt] memb] or t]m1 & ,,t or ,,^?1 ! =m]4--,*ur*ill cor42 & ,l[?4 ,! re>+ ( !m became 8 fir/ c>e2 _! fruit1 8 fir/ food2 & ! m>k+ ( _! k9ds1 8 fir/ k4--,n4 ,butl] cor4 ,aft] ! p]iod us$ ) abbreviations1 we %\ld employ o!r po9ts1 if ! con/ruction dem&s !m2 ?us1 aft] ',esq41' 9 ! la/ example1 !re %\ld be1 besides ! p]iod1 a comma4--,id4 ,9 ! plural1 ! v]b has ! same =m 9 all ! p]sons2 b /ill ! pr9ciple 9 ,rem4 #e1 "u ,rule iii1 t ! fir/ or second p]son takes prec$5ce1 is applicable to v]bs1 9 p>s+4--,id4 ,rex & ,tyrannus are ( v diff]5t *>act]s4 ,! "o rules 8 p by laws to :i* !y cons5t2 ! o!r1 by 8 absolute w & p[]3 t gov]nm5t is call$ fre$om2 ?is1 tyranny4--,l4 ,murray cor4 ,a n\n is ! "n ( any p]son1 place1 or ?+1 t c be kn[n or m5tion$3 z1 ,george1 ,london1 ,am]ica1 goodness1 *>ity4--,see ,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #ca4 ,etymology treats ( ! classification ( words1 _! v>i\s modifications1 & _! d]ivation--,p4 ,e4 ,day cor4 ,to punctuate correctly1 implies a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! mean+ ( words & phrases1 z well z ) all _! correspond+ connexions4--,w4 ,day cor4 ,all objects t belong to nei!r ! male nor ! female k9d1 are said to be ( ! neut] g5d]1 except c]ta9 ?+s p]sonifi$4--,weld cor twice4 ,! ,analysis ( ! ,s\nds 9 ! ,engli% language1 pres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ /atem5ts1 is suffici5tly exact = ! purpose 9 h&4 ,^? :o wi% to pursue ! subject fur!r1 c consult ,dr4 ,ru%'s admirable "w1 ',! ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,voice4'--,f[l] cor4 ,nobody conf\nds ! "n ( w or y ) ! s\nd ( ! lett]1 or ) its phonetic import4--,id4 ,fi/ ,?is ass]tion is h>dly true4 ,/range z su* a blund] is1 x has actually occurr$4 ,see1 9 ,or?ography1 ,obs4 #e1 on ! ,classes ( ! ,lett]s1 at p4 #aef4--;,g4 ,b4 ,ord] is ,heav'n's fir/ law2 &1 ?is confess'd1 ,"s are1 & mu/ be1 great] ?an ! re/4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,ii--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ,f adjectives ( "o syllable1 & "s ( two1 ! comp>ative is =m$ by add+ r or er to ! positive2 & ! sup]lative1 by add+ / or e/3 z1 sweet1 sweet]1 sweete/2 able1 abl]1 able/4--,bullions cor4 ,f monosyllables1 or f dissyllables end+ ) a v[el or ! acc5t1 ! comp>ative is =m$ by add+ er or r to ! positive2 & ! sup]lative1 by add+ e/ or /3 z1 tall1 tall]1 talle/2 wise1 wis]1 wise/2 holy1 holi]1 holie/2 complete1 complet]1 complete/4--,id4 ,by ?is me?od1 ! confusion & unnecess>y lab\r occasion$ by /udy+ gramm>s1 9 ^! languages1 con/ruct$ on diff]5t pr9ciples1 are avoid$2 ! /udy ( "o is r5d]$ a pr(itable introduction to ! /udy ( an o!r2 & an opportunity is furni%$ to ! inquir+ /ud5t1 ( comp>+ ! languages 9 _! grammatical /ructure1 & ( see+ at once :]e9 !y agree1 & :]e9 !y diff]4--,id4 ,no l>g] portion %\ld be assign$ = ea* recitation1 ?an ! class c easily ma/]2 &1 till ! previ\s lessons are well le>n$1 a new portion %\ld n be giv5 out4--,id4 ,! acquisitions made 9 e new lesson1 %\ld be rivet$ & secur$ by repeat$ revisals4--,id4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns may be p>s$ briefly1 ?us3 ',i is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 7fem99e1 if ! speak] is a female17 & nom9ative case4' ',8 is a p]sonal pron\n1 ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & possessive case4'--,id4 ,:5 ! male & ! female are express$ by di/9ct t]ms1 z1 %eph]d1 %eph]dess1 ! mascul9e t]m has also a g5]al mean+1 express+ bo? male & female2 & is always to be us$ :5 ! (fice1 occupation1 or pr(ession1 & n ! sex1 ( ! individual1 is *iefly to be express$2 ! fem99e t]m be+ us$ only :5 ! discrim9ation ( sex is indisp5sably necess>y4 ,?us1 :5 x is said1 ',! poets ( ?is c\ntry are di/+ui%$ = correctness ( ta/e1' ! t]m 'poets' cle>ly includes bo? male & female writ]s ( poetry4--,id4 ,n\ns & pron\ns connect$ by conjunctions1 mu/ be 9 ! same case--,+]soll cor4 ,v]bs connect$ by &1 or1 or nor1 mu/ g5]ally be 9 ! same mood & t5se2 &1 :5 ! t5se has diff]5t =ms1 !y mu/ be 9 ! same =m4--,id4 ,?is w habituate him to reflection2 ex]cise 8 judgem5t on ! mean+ ( ! au?or2 &1 )\t any great ef=t on 8 "p1 impress indelibly on 8 memory ! rules :i* he is requir$ to give4 ,aft] ! ex]cises "u any rule h be5 gone ?r\gh1 agreeably to ! direction 9 ! note at ! bottom ( page #hh?1 !y may be read ov] aga9 9 a correct$ /ate1 ! pupil mak+ an emphasis on ! correction made2 or !y may be pres5t$ 9 writ+1 at ! next recitation4--,bullions cor4 ,man1 b = t1 no action c\ld att5d2 ,&1 b = ?is1 7 active to no end4--,pope4 ,,lesson ,,iii4--,,"u ,,v>i\s ,,rules4 ',johnson1 ! booksell] & /ation]' indicates t booksell] & /ation] are t]ms belong+ to ! same p]son2 '! booksell] & ! /ation]1' w\ld indicate t !y belong to diff]5t p]sons4--,bullions cor4 ,pa/ is commonly an adjective2 pass$1 ! pa/ t5se or p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b3 & !y ought n 7z !y frequ5tly are7 to be conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r4--,id4 ,n only ! nature ( ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts1 b ! v selection or arrangem5t ( ! words1 gives ,engli% poetry a "* :i* sep>ates x widely f common prose4--,id4 ,m5 ( s\nd1 discrim9at+1 & philosophical m9ds--m5 prep>$ = ! "w by long /udy1 pati5t inve/igation1 & ext5sive acquirem5ts--h lab\r$ = ages to improve & p]fect x2 & no?+ is haz>d$ 9 ass]t+1 t1 %\ld x be unwisely ab&on$1 x w be long be=e an o!r1 equal 9 beauty1 /ability1 & usefulness1 w be produc$ 9 its /ead4--,id41 on ! common sy/em ( ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,! article !1 on ! o!r h&1 is us$ to re/rict2 & is !re=e t]m$ ,def9ite4 ,its prop] (fice is1 to call ! att5tion to a p>ticul> individual or class1 or to any numb] ( su*2 & accord+ly x is us$ ) n\ns ( ei!r numb]1 s+ul> or plural4--,id4 ,h5ce1 also1 ! inf9itive mood1 a p>ticiple ) its adjuncts1 a memb] ( a s5t5ce1 or a :ole proposition1 =m+ ! subject ( disc\rse1 or ! object ( a v]b or preposition1 & be+ ! "n ( an act or circum/ance1 is1 9 con/ruction1 reg>d$ z a n\n2 & is usually call$1 'a sub/antive phrase3' z1 ',to play1 is pleasant4'--',t he is an exp]t danc]1 is no recomm5dation4'--',let y\r motto be1 ,hone/y is ! be/ policy4'--,id4 ,9 accordance ) 8 def9ition1 ,murray has divid$ v]bs into ?ree classes3 ,active1 ,passive1 & ,neut]2--& includ$ 9 ! fir/ class transitive v]bs only2 &1 9 ! la/1 all v]bs us$ intransitively--,id4 ,moreov]1 z ! "n ( ! speak] or t ( ! p]son spok5 to is seldom express$1 7! pron\n ,i be+ us$ = ! =m]1 & ,,?\ or ,,y = ! latt]17 a n\n is v r>ely 9 ! fir/ p]son2 n (t5 9 ! second2 & h>dly ev] 9 ei!r1 unless x is a prop] n\n1 or a common n\n d5ot+ an object p]sonifi$4--,id4 ,9 us+ ! p>s+ ex]cises1 x w save mu* "t1 7& ?is sav+ is all-important17 if ! pupil be taught to say all ?+s belong+ to ! n\n1 9 ! fewe/ words possible2 & to say !m always 9 ! same ord]1 aft] ! example above4--,id4 ,9 any phrase or s5t5ce1 ! adjectives qualify+ a n\n may g5]ally be f\nd by prefix+ ! phrase1 ',:at k9d (1' to ! n\n1 9 ! =m ( a "q2 z1 ',:at k9d ( horse8' ',:at k9d ( /one8' ',:at k9d ( way8' ,! ^w conta9+ ! answ] to ! "q1 is an adjective4--,id4 ,9 ! foll[+ ex]cise1 let ! pupil fir/ po9t out ! n\ns1 & !n ! adjectives2 & tell h[ he kn[s !m to be su*4--,id4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 po9t out ! improp] ellipses2 %[ :y !y are improp]2 & correct !m4--,id4 ,,s+ul>4 ,,plural4 #a4 ,i am smitt51 #a4 ,we are smitt51 #b4 ,?\ art smitt51 #b4 ,y are smitt51 #c4 ,he is smitt52 #c4 ,!y are smitt54--,wright cor4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,utt]ance4 ,! second *apt] ( ,prosody1 treat+ ( articulation1 pronunciation1 elocution & ! m9or topics t come "u ,utt]ance1 conta9s no ex]cises dem&+ correction 9 ?is ,key4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,figures4 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ,prosody1 ! sev]al ,figures ( spee* are expla9$2 &1 z ! illu/rations embrace no errors = correction1 no?+ "h corresponds to ! *apt]1 b ! title4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,v]sification4 ,,false ,,prosody1 ,,or ,,errors ,,( ,,metre1 ,,correct$4 ,,lesson ,i4--,,rhy?m ,,re/or$4 ,:]e ?y true treasure8 ,gold says1 ',n 9 me4' --,"y4 ,can/ ?\ gr[ sad1 ?\ say'/1 z e>? gr[s bright4 --,dana4 ,x mu/ be s2--,plato1 ?\ reason'/ well --,,cato3 ,enfield1 p4 #cba4 ,sl[ rises wor? by pov]ty depress$4 --,wells's ,gram41 ,late ,ed41 p4 #baa4 ,rapt into future times1 ! b>d begun4 --,,pope4--,ib41 p4 #afe4 ,is !re n ra9 en\gh 9 ! sweet heav5s ,to wa% x :ite z sn[8 ,:]eto s]ves m]cy ,b to confront ! visage ( (f5ce8 --,%ak41 ,hamlet4 ,look6 9 ?is place ran ,cassius' dagg] ?r\gh4 --,id41 ,j4 ,cs>4 ,& :5 !y li/1 _! lean & fla%y songs ,grate on _! scrannel pipes ( wret*$ /raw4 --,milton1 ,lycidas4 ,did n great ,julius ble$ = ju/ice' sake8 --,dodd & ,%ak4 cor4 ,may ,i express !e' unblam'd8 s9ce ,god is light --,milton1 ,b4 iii1 l4 #c4 ,or he>'/ ?\ r pure e!real /ream8 --,id41 ,b4 iii1 l4 #g4 ,republics1 k+doms1 empires1 may decay2 ,great pr9ces1 h]oes1 sages1 s9k to n\ght4 --,peirce or ,la-,rue cor4 ,?\ br+/1 gay creature z ?\ art1 ,a solemn image to my he>t4 --,hallock cor4 ,"k !n ?yself1 presume n ,god to scan2 ,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is ,man4 --,pope1 on ,man1 ,ep4 ii1 l4 #a4 ,rais$ on pila/]s high ( burni%$ gold4 --,dr4 ,s4 ,butl] cor4 ,love 9 ,adalgise' brea/ has fix$ 8 /+4 --,id4 ,?irty days ea* h ,septemb]1 ,april1 ,june1 & old ,novemb]2 ,ea* ( ! re/ has ?irty-"o1 ,bat+ ,febru>y alone1 ,:i* has tw5ty-eight 9 f9e1 ,till leap-ye> gives x tw5ty-n9e4 --,dean ,colet cor4 ,,lesson ,,ii4--,,rhy?m ,,re/or$4 ',twas n ! fame ( :at he once _h be51 ,or tales 9 records old & annals se54 --,r[e cor4 ,& ,asia n[ & ,afric are explor$ ,= high-pric$ da9ties & ! citron bo>d4 --,r[e cor4 ,:o kn[s n h[ ! trembl+ judge beheld ,! peaceful c\rt ) armed legions fill'd8 --,r[e cor4 ,) !e ! ,scy?ian wilds we'll w&] o'er1 ,) !e ! burn+ ,libyan s&s explore4 --,r[e cor4 ,ha/y & headlong1 diff]5t pa?s !y tread1 ,z impulse bl9d & wild di/raction lead4 --,r[e cor4 ,b ,fate res]v'd him to p]=m its doom1 ,& be ! m9i/] ( wra? to ,rome4 --,r[e cor4 ,?us spoke ! y\?4 ,:5 ,cato ?us express'd ,! sacr$ c\nsels ( 8 inmo/ brea/4 --,r[e cor4 ,^! 7 ! rigid mann]s ( ! man1 ,?is 0 ! /ubborn c\rse 9 :i* !y ran2 ,! gold5 mean un*ang+ to pursue1 ,con/ant to keep ! purpos'd end 9 view4 --,r[e cor4 ,:at great] grief c on a ,roman seize1 ,?an to be =c$ to live on t]ms l ^!6 --,r[e cor4 ,he views ! nak$ t[n ) joyful eyes1 ,:ile f 8 rage an armed p flies4 --,r[e cor4 ,= planks & beams1 he ravages ! wood1 ,& ! t\gh oak ext5ds across ! flood4 --,r[e cor4 ,a n>r[ pass ! horned mole divides4 ,n>r[ z t :]e /rong ,euripus' tides ,beat on ,euboean ,*alcis' rocky sides4 --,r[e cor4 ,no =ce1 no fe>s _! h&s un>med be>1--or1 ,no =ce1 no fe>s _! h&s un>m'd n[ be>1 ,b looks ( peace & g5tl5ess !y we>4 --,r[e cor4 ,! ready w>riors all abo>d !m ride1 ,& wait return ( ! retir+ tide4 --,r[e cor4 ,he saw ^? troops t long _h fai?ful /ood1 ,fri5ds to 8 cause1 & enemies to good1 ,gr[n we>y ( _! *ief1 & satiate ) blood4 --,r[e cor4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,key4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,to ,,"p ,,fir/1 ,,or ,,or?ography4 ,,( ,,! ,,s\nds ,,( ,,! ,,lett]s4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,"p ,i1 ! p[]s ( ! lett]s1 or ! elem5t>y s\nds ( ! ,engli% language1 7 duly enum]at$ & expla9$2 = ^!1 z well z ! lett]s !mselves1 are few1 & may be fully /at$ 9 few words3 b1 s9ce we (t5 express ! same s\nd 9 _m diff]5t ways1 & also1 9 "s in/ances1 give to ! same lett] sev]al diff]5t s\nds1--or1 x may be1 no s\nd at all1--any adequate acc\nt ( ! p[]s ( ! lett]s consid]$ sev]ally accord+ to usage1--t is1 ( ! s\nd or s\nds ( ea* lett]1 ) its mute positions1 z ^! occur 9 practice1--mu/1 x 0 ?\ght1 desc5d to a m9ut5ess ( detail n desirable 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,or?ography4 ,= ?is reason1 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s h be5 res]v$ to be giv5 "h z an ,app5dix1 p]ta9+ to ! ,fir/ ,"p ( ?is ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,a prop] discrim9ation ( ! diff]5t v[el s\nds by ! epi!ts mo/ commonly us$ = ?is purpose1--su* z long & %ort1 broad & sl5d]1 op5 & close1 or op5 & %ut1--is made difficult1 if n impossible1 by reason ( ! diff]5t1 & sometimes directly contradictory s5ses 9 :i* c]ta9 or?oepi/s sic--,,k? h employ$ su* t]ms4 ,wells says1 ,v[el s\nds are call$ op5 or close1 accord+ to ! relative size ( ! op5+ ?r\gh :i* ! voice passes 9 =m+ !m4 ,?us1 a 9 fa!r1 & o 9 nor1 are call$ op5 s\nds1 because !y are =m$ by a wide op5+ ( ! organs ( spee*2 :ile e 9 me1 & u 9 rule1 are call$ close s\nds1 because ! organs are ne>ly clos$ 9 utt]+ !m4--,s*ool ,gramm>1 #ahej1 p4 #cb4 ,good use %\ld fix ! import ( words4 ,h[ does ! passage "h cit$ comport ) ?is h9t ( ,pope8 ,^! equal syllables alone require1 ,?\gh (t ! e> ! op5 v[els tire4 --,essay on ,criticism1 l4 #cdd4 ,,obs4 #b4--,walk]1 too1 9 8 ,pr9ciples1 #fd & #fe1 on page #ai? ( 8 ,critical ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 m5tions a simil> di/9ction ( v[els1 :i* arises f ! diff]5t ap]tures ( ! m\? 9 =m+ !m2 & says1 ,we accord+ly f9d v[els d5om9at$ by ! ,fr5*1 ouv]t & f]m2 by ! ,italians1 ap]to & *iuso2 & by ! ,engli% 1 op5 & %ut4 ,b :atev] propriety !re may be 9 ! use ( ^! t]ms 9 o!r languages1 x is c]ta9 !y mu/ be us$ ) caution 9 ,engli% = fe> ( conf\nd+ !m ) long & %ort4 ,dr4 ,johnson & o!r gramm>ians call ! a 9 fa!r ! op5 a3 :i* may1 inde$1 di/+ui% x f ! sl5d] a 9 pap]2 b n f ! broad a 9 wat]1 :i* is /ill m op54 ,ea* ( ^! lett]s ! sev5 v[els has a %ort s\nd1 :i* may be call$ a %ut s\nd2 b ! long s\nds _c be s prop]ly d5om9at$ op5 z m or less broad2 t is1 ! a 9 pap]1 ! sl5d] s\nd2 ! a 9 fa!r1 ! broadi% or middle s\nd2 & ! a 9 wat]1 ! broad s\nd4 ,! same may be obs]v$ ( ! o4 ,?is lett] has ?ree long s\nds1 he>d 9 move1 note1 nor2 :i* graduate f sl5d] to broadi%1 & broad 1 l ^? ?ree s\nds ( ! a4 ,! i also 9 m9e may be call$ ! broad i1 & t 9 ma*9e1 ! sl5d] i2 ?\gh ea* ( !m is equally long2 & ?\gh ^! v[els t are long 1 may be said to be m or less op5 accord+ to ! diff]5t ap]tures ( ! m\? 9 =m+ !m1 yet ! %ort v[els _c be said to be m or less %ut2 = z %ort always implies %ut 7except 9 v]se17 ?\gh long does n always imply op51 we mu/ be c>eful n to conf\nd long & op51 & close & %ut1 :5 we speak ( ! quantity & quality ( ! v[els4 ,! tru? ( x is1 cont9ues he1 all v[els ei!r t]m9ate a syllable1 or are unit$ ) a consonant4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 if ! acc5t be on ! syllable1 ! v[el is long1 ?\gh x may n be op53 9 ! second case1 :]e a syllable is t]m9at$ by a consonant1 except t consonant be r1 :e!r ! acc5t be on ! syllable or n1 ! v[el has its %ort s\nd1 :i*1 comp>$ ) its long "o1 may be call$ %ut3 b 1 z no v[el c be said to be %ut t is n jo9$ to a consonant1 all v[els t end syllables may be said to be op51 :e!r ! acc5t be on !m or n4--,crit4 ,pron4 ,dict41 ,new ,york1 #ahbg1 p4 #ai4 ,,obs4 #c4--,^! sugge/ions ( ,walk]'s1 ?\gh ea* 9 itself may seem cle> & plausible1 are und\bt$ly1 9 sev]al respects1 confus$ & self-contradictory4 ,op5 & %ut are "h inconsi/5tly ref]r$ fir/ to "o pr9ciple ( di/9ction1 & !n to ano!r2--fir/1 7z are op5 & close by ,wells17 to ! relative size ( ! op5+1 or to ! diff]5t ap]tures ( ! m\?2 & !n1 9 ! conclusion1 to ! relative position ( ! v[els ) respect to o!r lett]s4 ,^! pr9ciples improp]ly give to ea* ( ! contra/$ epi!ts two v diff]5t s5ses3 z1 ) respect to ap]ture1 wide & n>r[2 ) respect to position1 clos$ & unclos$4 ,n[1 t op5 may mean unclos$1 or close be put = clos$1 is n to be que/ion$2 b t op5 is a good ^w = wide1 or t %ut 7n to say close7 c well mean n>r[1 is an assumption h>dly s*ol>like4 ,accord+ to ,walk]1 we mu/ be c>eful n to conf\nd op5 ) long1 or %ut ) %ort1 or close ) %ut2 & yet1 if he himself does n1 9 ! v p>agraph above quot$1 conf\nd !m all1--does n id5tify 9 s5se1 or fail to di/+ui%1 ! two words 9 ea* ( ^! pairs1--,i "k n :o c ne$ 8 caution4 ,if !re are v[el s\nds :i* graduate ?r\gh sev]al degrees ( op5ness or broadness1 x w\ld seem mo/ natural to express ^! by regul>ly comp>+ ! epi!t pref]r$2 z1 op51 op5]1 op5e/2 or broad1 broad]1 broade/4 ,& aga91 if all v[els t end syllables may be said to be op51 !n x is n true1 t ! long s\nds ( a 9 pap]1 fa!r1 wat]1 _c be s d5om9at$2 or t to call ! a 9 fa!r ! op5 a1 may1 inde$1 di/+ui% x f ! sl5d] a 9 pap]4 ,nor1 on ?is pr9ciple1 c x be said t ! broad a 9 wat] is /ill m op52 = ?is a no m ends a syllable ?an ! o!rs4 ,if any v[el s\nd is to be call$ ! op5 s\nd because ! lett] ends a syllable1 or is n %ut by a consonant1 x is1 und\bt$ly1 ! primal & mo/ usual s\nd1 z f\nd 9 ! lett] :5 acc5t$1 & n "s o!r ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,,obs4 #d4--;,dr4 ,p]ley says1 ,x is greatly to be regrett$ t ! diff]5t s\nds ( a v[el %\ld be call$ by ! names long1 %ort1 sl5d]1 & broad1 :i* convey no idea ( ! nature ( ! s\nd1 = mat & n are z long 9 poetry z mate & note4 ,! fir/ s\nd ( a v[el1 z t ( a 9 fate1 may be call$ op51 because x is ! s\nd :i* ! v[el g5]ally has :5 x ends a syllable2 ! second s\nd z t ( a 9 fat1 may be call$ close1 because x is ! s\nd :i* ! v[el g5]ally has :5 x is jo9$ ) a consonant foll[+ 9 ! same syllable1 z fat-t52 :5 !re are m ?an two s\nds ( any v[el1 !y may be numb]$ onw>d2 z #c f>1 #d fall4--,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #gc4 ,,obs4 #e4--,walk] ?\ght a long or %ort v[el s\nd ess5tial to a long or %ort quantity 9 any syllable4 ,by ?is1 if he 0 wrong 9 x1 7z1 9 ! *apt] on ,v]sification1 ,i h argu$ t he 017 he probably di/urb$ m ! prop] di/9ction ( quantities1 ?an t ( v[el s\nds4 ,z reg>ds long & %ort1 !re=e1 ,p]ley's regret seems to h cause2 b1 9 mak+ ! same objection to sl5d] & broad1 he reasons illogically4 ,s f> z 8 view is "r1 h[ev]1 x co9cides ) ! foll[+ e>li] sugge/ion3 ,! t]ms long & %ort1 :i* are (t5 us$ to d5ote c]ta9 v[el s\nds2 be+ also us$1 ) a diff]5t import1 to di/+ui% ! quantity ( syllables1 are frequ5tly misund]/ood2 = :i* reason1 we h sub/itut$ = !m ! t]ms op5 & close2--! =m]1 to d5ote ! s\nd usually giv5 to a v[el :5 x =ms or ends an acc5t$ syllable2 z1 ba1 be1 bi1 bo1 bu1 by2--! latt]1 to d5ote ! s\nd :i* ! v[el commonly takes :5 clos$ by a consonant2 z1 ab1 eb1 ib1 ob1 ub--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #bhe4 ,i4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,a4 ,! v[el ,a has f\r s\nds prop]ly its own2 !y are nam$ by v>i\s epi!ts3 z1 #a4 ,! ,engli%1 op51 full1 long1 or sl5d] a2 z 9 aid1 fame1 fav\r1 efficaci\s4 #b4 ,! ,fr5*1 close1 curt1 %ort1 or /opp$ a2 z 9 bat1 bann]1 balance1 c>ry+4 #c4 ,! ,italian1 broadi%1 grave1 or middle a2 z 9 f>1 fa!r1 aha1 comma1 scoria1 s(a4 #d4 ,! ,dut*1 ,g]man1 ,old-,saxon1 or broad a2 z 9 wall1 haul1 walk1 w>m1 wat]4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,conc]n+ ! numb] ( s\nds p]ta9+ to ! v[el a1 or to c]ta9 o!r p>ticul> lett]s1 & consequ5tly 9 reg>d to ! :ole numb] ( ! s\nds :i* con/itute ! oral elem5ts ( ! ,engli% language1 our educational lit]ati1--! gramm>ians1 or?oepi/s sic--,,k?1 or?ograph]s1 elocutioni/s1 phonograph]s1 & lexicograph]s1--are f\nd to h ent]ta9$ & inculcat$ a great v>iety ( op9ions4 ,9 _! diff]5t c\nt+s1 ! numb] ( our phonical elem5ts v>ies f tw5ty-six to m ?an =ty4 ,wells says !re are ab\t =ty elem5t>y s\nds4--,s*ool ,gram41 #fd4 ,8 fir/ edition 0 m positive1 & /at$ !m at =ty-"o4 ,see ! la/ & v errone\s passage :i* ,i h cit$ at ! foot ( page #afb4 ,9 ,worce/]'s ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y1 !re appe> to be not$ sev]al m ?an =ty-"o1 b ,i "k n :e!r ?is au?or1 or ,walk] ei!r1 has any:]e told u h[ _m ( 8 m>k$ s\nds he consid]$ to be sev]ally diff]5t f all o!rs4 ,%]idan & ,jones admitt$ tw5ty-eight4 ,*ur*ill ackn[l$ges1 z undisput$ & indisputable1 only tw5ty-six2 ?\gh he enum]ates1 ,( simple v[el s\nds1 twelve1 or p]haps ?irte5 7,new ,gramm>1 p4 #e17 & says1 ,! consonant s\nds 9 ! ,engli% language1 are n9ete51 or r tw5ty4--,p4 #ac4 ,,obs4 #b4--,?us1 :ile ,pitman1 ,com/ock1 & o!rs1 are amus+ !mselves ) ! folly ( inv5t+ new ,phonetic ,alphabets1 or ( ov]turn+ all or?ography to furni% a "* = ea* ( ! #ch elem5t>y s\nds1 m or few]1 "o ( ! acute/ obs]v]s among our gramm>ians c fix on no numb] m def9ite or m consid]able ?an ?irty-"o1 ?irty-two1 or ?irty-?ree2 & ! f9d+ ( ^! he ann\nces ) a p]haps1 & ! admission t o!r writ]s object to z _m z five ( ! que/ionable numb]4 ,*ur*ill's v[el s\nds1 he says1 may be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ words3 #a4 ,bate1 #b4 ,bat1 #c4 ,ball2 #d4 ,bet1 #e4 ,be2 #f4 ,bit2 #g4 ,bot1 #h4 ,bone1 #i4 ,boon2 #aj4 ,but1 #aa4 ,bull2 #ab4 ,lovely2 #ac4 ,wool4--,new ,gramm>1 p4 #e4 ,to ?is he adds3 ,_m ( ! writ]s on or?oepy sic--,,k?1 h[ev]1 consid] ! fir/ & f\r? ( ! s\nds above di/+ui%$ z actually ! same1 ! =m] diff]+ f ! latt] only by be+ l5g!n$ 9 ! pronunciation4 ,!y also reckon ! sev5? s\nd1 to be ! ?ird %ort5$2 ! twelf?1 ! fif? %ort5$2 & ! elev5?1 ! n9? %ort5$4 ,"s consid] ! fif? & six? z diff]+ only 9 l5g?2 & mo/ e/eem ! elev5? & ?irte5? z id5tical4--,ib4 ,,obs4 #c4--,n[1 x is pla91 t ^! six id5tifications1 or s _m ( !m z are admitt$1 mu/ dim9i% by six1 or by ! less numb] all[$1 ! ?irte5 v[el s\nds enum]at$ by ?is au?or4 ,by ! be/ au?orities1 ,w initial1 z 9 ,wool4 is reckon$ a consonant2 &1 ( c\rse1 its s\nd is suppos$ to diff] 9 "s degree f t ( oo 9 ,boon1 or t ( u 9 ,bull1--! n9? s\nd or ! elev5? 9 ! =ego+ s]ies4 ,by ,walk]1 ,murray1 & o!r popul> writ]s1 ! s\nd ( y 9 ,lovely is acc\nt$ to be ess5tially ! same z t ( e 9 ,be4 ,! twelf? & ! ?irte5?1 !n1 ( ?is li/1 be+ remov$1 & ?ree o!rs add$1--namely1 ! a he>d 9 f>1 ! i 9 f9e1 & ! u 9 fuse1--we %all h ! f\rte5 v[el s\nds :i* are enum]at$ by ,l4 ,murray & o!rs1 & adopt$ by ! au?or ( ! pres5t "w4 ,,obs4 #d4--,wells says1 ,a has six s\nds3--#a4 ,long2 z 9 late4 #b4 ,grave2 z 9 fa!r4 #c4 ,broad2 z 9 fall4 #d4 ,%ort2 z 9 man4 #e4 ,! s\nd he>d 9 c>e1 h>e4 #f4 ,int]m$iate betwe5 a 9 man & a 9 fa!r2 z 9 grass1 pass1 bran*4--,s*ool ,gramm>1 #ahej1 p4 #cc4 ,besides ^! six1 ,worce/] recognizes a sev5? s\nd1--! ,a obscure2 z 9 li>1 rival--,univ4 & ,crit4 ,dict41 p4 ix4 ,su* a multiplication ( ! oral elem5ts ( our fir/ v[el4--or1 inde$1 any ext5sion ( !m beyond f\r1--appe>s to me to be unadvisable2 because x n only makes our alphabet ! m defective1 b is unnecess>y1 & n su/a9$ by our be/ & mo/ popul> or?oepical sic--,,k? au?orities4 ,! s\nd ( a 9 li>1 7& 9 rival too1 if made obscure7 is a borr[$ "o1 p]ta9+ m prop]ly to ! lett] u4 ,9 grass1 pass1 & bran*1 prop]ly utt]$1 ! a is ess5tially ! same z 9 man4 ,9 c>e & h>e1 we h ! fir/ s\nd ( a1 made z sl5d] z ! r w admit4 ,,obs4 #e4--;,conc]n+ 8 fif? s\nd ( a1 ,wells cites au?orities ?us3 ,walk]1 ,web/]1 ,%]idan1 ,fulton & ,knight1 ,k5rick1 ,jones1 & ,n>es1 give a 9 c>e ! long s\nd ( a1 z 9 late4 ,page & ,day give x ! %ort s\nd ( a1 z 9 mat4 ,see ,page's ,normal ,*>t1 & ,day's ,art ( ,elocution4 ,worce/] & ,p]ry make ! s\nd ( a 9 c>e a sep>ate elem5t2 & ?is di/9ction is also recogniz$ by ,russell1 ,m&eville1 & ,wright4 ,see ,russell's ,lessons 9 ,enunciation1 ,m&eville's ,elem5ts ( ,read+ & ,oratory1 & ,wright's ,or?ography4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>1 p4 #cd4 ,n[ ! op9ion t a 9 c>e has its long1 primal s\nd1 & is n prop]ly a sep>ate elem5t1 is ma9ta9$ also by ,murray1 ,hiley1 ,bullions1 ,scott1 & ,cobb2 & is1 und\bt$ly1 mu* m preval5t ?an any o!r4 ,x accords1 too1 ) ! s*eme ( ,johnson4 ,to c\nt ?is a by itself1 seems too mu* l a di/9ction )\t a diff]5ce4 ,,obs4 #f4--,on 8 six? s\nd ( a1 ,wells rem>ks z foll[s3 ,_m p]sons pron\nce ?is a incorrectly1 giv+ x ei!r ! grave or ! %ort s\nd4 ,p]ry1 ,jones1 ,n>es1 ,web/]1 & ,day1 give to a 9 grass ! grave s\nd1 z 9 fa!r2 :ile ,walk]1 ,jamieson1 & ,russell1 give x ! %ort s\nd1 z 9 man4 ,b good speak]s g5]ally pron\nce a 9 grass1 plant1 etc41 z a di/9ct elem5t1 int]m$iate betwe5 ! grave & ! %ort s\nd4--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,he also cites ,worce/] & ,sm>t to ! same effect2 & ?9ks1 ) ! latt]1 ,!re c be no h>m 9 avoid+ ! c5sure ( bo? p>ties by %unn+ ! extreme t (f5ds ! ta/e ( ea*4--,ib41 p4 #ce4 ,b ,i say1 t a ne$less multiplication ( que/ionable v[el p[]s difficult to be discrim9at$1 is h>m1 or a fault 9 tea*+2 &1 :]e intellig5t or?oepi/s sic--,,k? dispute :e!r words h ! grave or ! %ort s\nd ( a1 h[ c o!rs1 :o condemn bo? p>ties1 acceptably split ! diff]5ce1 & =m a di/9ct elem5t 9 ! int]val8 ,words are (t5 mispron\nc$1 & ! ,fr5* or close a may be mi/ak5 = ! ,italian or broadi% a1 & vice v]sa2 b1 betwe5 ! two1 !re does n appe> to be room = an o!r di/+ui%able f bo?4 ,dr4 ,johnson says1 7inaccurately inde$17 ,a has ?ree s\nds1 ! sl5d]1 ! op51 & ! broad4 ,a sl5d] is f\nd 9 mo/ words1 z face1 mane4 ,a op5 is ! a ( ! ,italian1 or ne>ly resembles x2 z fa!r1 r1 congratulate1 fancy1 glass4 ,a broad resembles ! a ( ! ,g]man2 z all1 wall1 call4 fi/ ,! %ort a approa*es to ! a op51 z grass4--,johnson's ,gramm>1 9 8 ,qu>to ,diction>y1 p4 #a4 ,?us ! same ^w1 grass1 t s]ves ,johnson = an example ( ! %ort a is us$ by ,wells & ,worce/] to exemplify ! a int]m$iate2 :ile ( ! ,doctor's five in/ances ( :at he calls ! a op51 ?ree1 if n f\r1 are evid5tly su* z ne>ly all read]s n[adays w\ld call close or %ort6 ,,obs4 #g4--,!re are sev]al gramm>ians :o agree 9 ascrib+ to our fir/ v[el five s\nds1 b :o nev]!less oppose "o an o!r 9 mak+ up ! five4 ,?us1 accord+ to ,h>t1 ,a has five s\nds ( its own1 z 9 fate1 f>e1 f>1 fall1 fat1--,h>t's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,accord+ to ,w4 ,all51 ,a has five s\nds2--! long or sl5d]1 z 9 cane2 ! %ort or op51 z 9 c2 ! middle1 z 9 arm2 ! broad1 z 9 all2 & ! broad contract$1 z 9 want4--,all5's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,p4 ,davis has ! same s\nds 9 a diff]5t ord]1 ?us3 a z 9 mane1 m>1 fall1 mat1 :at4--,davis's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 xvi4 ,m5nye says1 ,a has five s\nds2 z1 #a fame1 #b fat1 #c false1 #d f>m1 #e begg>4--,m5nye's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,"h ! fif? s\nd is ! sev5? ( ,worce/]1--! ,a obscure4 ,,diph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,a4 ,! only prop] diph?ong 9 :i* a is put fir/1 is ! ^w ay1 mean+ yes3 9 :i* a has its middle s\nd1 z 9 ah1 & y is l op5 e1 or ee1 utt]$ feebly--ah-ee4 ,aa1 :5 pron\nc$ z an improp] diph?ong1 & n z p]ta9+ to two syllables1 usually takes ! s\nd ( close a2 z 9 ,balaam1 ,canaan1 ,isaac4 ,9 _m words1 z 9 ,bal1 ,gal1 ,ga%1 ! diresis occurs4 ,9 baa1 ! cry ( a %eep1 we he> ! ,italian s\nd ( a2 &1 s9ce we he> x b once1 "o a or ! o!r mu/ be sil5t4 1 a ,lat9 improp] diph?ong1 common also 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon1 g5]ally has1 accord+ to mod]n or?opi/s1 ! s\nd ( op5 e or ee2 z 9 ,cs>1 nigma1 pan2--sometimes t ( close or %ort e2 z 9 aphresis1 diresis1 et ct]a4 ,"s au?ors1 judg+ ! a ( ?is diph?ong to be ne$less1 reject x1 & write ,ces>1 enigma1 c4 ,ai1 an improp] diph?ong1 g5]ally has ! s\nd ( op5 or long a2 z 9 sail1 avail1 va9ly4 ,9 a f9al unacc5t$ syllable1 x sometimes pres]ves ! fir/ s\nd ( a2 z 9 *ilbla91 mortma93 b (t5] takes ! s\nd ( close or %ort i2 z 9 c]ta91 curta91 m\nta91 villa94 ,9 said1 sai?1 aga91 & aga9/1 x takes ! s\nd ( close or %ort e2 & 9 ! "n ,brita91 t ( close or %ort u4 ,ao1 an improp] diph?ong1 occurs 9 ! ^w gaol1 n[ frequ5tly writt5 z x is pron\nc$1 jail2 also 9 gaol]1 :i* may be writt5 jail]2 & 9 ! comp\nds ( gaol3 &1 aga91 x is f\nd 9 ! adjective extraord9>y1 & its d]ivatives1 9 :i*1 accord+ to ne>ly all or?opi/s1 ! a is sil5t4 ,! "n ,ph>aoh1 is pron\nc$ ,fa'ro4 ,au1 an improp] diph?ong1 is g5]ally s\nd$ l broad a2 z 9 cause1 caught1 applause4 ,be=e n & an o!r consonant1 x usually has ! s\nd ( grave or middle a2 z 9 aunt1 flaunt1 gaunt1 laun*1 laundry4 ,s 9 laugh1 laught]1 & _! d]ivatives4 ,gauge & gaug] are pron\nc$ gage & gag]1 & sometimes writt5 s4 ,aw1 an improp] diph?ong1 is always s\nd$ l broad a2 z 9 draw1 drawn1 drawl4 ,ay1 an improp] diph?ong1 l ai1 has usually ! s\nd ( op5 or long a2 z 9 day1 pay1 delay3 9 say/ & says1 x has ! s\nd ( close or %ort e4 ,,triph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,a4 ,awe is s\nd$ au1 l broad a4 ,aye1 an adv]b signify+ always1 has ! s\nd ( op5 or long a only2 be+ diff]5t1 bo? 9 s\nd & 9 spell+1 f ! adv]b ay1 yes1 ) :i* x is (t5 c>elessly conf\nd$4 ,! di/9ction is ma9ta9$ by ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,todd1 ,*alm]s1 ,jones1 ,cobb1 ,maund]1 ,bolles1 & o!rs2 b ,web/] & ,worce/] give x up1 & write ay1 or aye1 ea* s\nd$ ah-ee1 = ! affirmation1 & aye1 s\nd$ a1 = ! adv]b ( "t3 ,a9swor? on ! contr>y has ay only1 = ei!r s5se1 & does n note ! pronunciation4 ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,b4 ,! consonant ,b has b "o s\nd2 z 9 boy1 robb]1 cub4 ,b is sil5t be=e t or aft] m 9 ! same syllable2 z 9 debt1 debtor1 d\bt1 dumb1 lamb1 climb1 tomb4 ,x is he>d 9 subtile1 f9e2 b n 9 subtle1 cunn+4 ,,iii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,c4 ,! consonant ,c has two s\nds1 nei!r ( !m peculi> to ?is lett]2 ! "o h>d1 l t ( k1 & ! o!r s(t1 or r hiss+1 l t ( s4 ,c be=e a1 o1 u1 l1 r1 t1 or :5 x ends a syllable1 is g5]ally h>d1 l k2 z 9 c1 come curb1 clay1 crab1 act1 action1 acc5t1 flaccid4 ,c be=e e1 i1 or y1 is always s(t1 l s2 z 9 c5t1 civil1 dec5cy1 acid4 ,9 a few words1 c takes ! flat s\nd ( s1 l t ( z2 z 9 disc]n1 suffice1 sacrifice1 sice4 ,c be=e ea1 ia1 ie1 io1 or e\1 :5 ! acc5t prec$es1 s\nds l %2 z 9 ocean1 special1 species1 graci\s1 cetace\s4 ,c is sil5t 9 cz>1 cz>9a1 victuals1 indict1 muscle1 corpuscle1 & ! second syllable ( ,connecticut4 ,* is g5]ally s\nd$ l t*1 or t%1 :i* is ! same to ! e>2 z 9 *ur*1 *ance1 *ild4 ,b 9 words d]iv$ f ! le>n$ languages1 x has ! s\nd ( k2 z 9 "*1 s*eme1 cate*ise1 *orus1 *oir1 *yle1 patri>*1 dra*ma1 magna *>ta3 except 9 *>t1 *>t]1 *>ity4 ,*1 9 words d]iv$ f ! ,fr5*1 takes ! s\nd ( %2 z 9 *aise1 ma*9e4 ,9 ,hebrew words or names1 9 g5]al1 * s\nds l k2 z 9 ,*eb>1 ,sira*1 ,eno*3 b 9 ,ra*el1 *]ub1 & *]ubim1 we h ,angliciz$ ! s\nd by utt]+ x z t*4 ,lo*1 a ,scotti% ^w1 sometimes also a m$ical t]m1 is he>d z lok4 ,ar*1 be=e a v[el1 is pron\nc$ ark2 z 9 ar*ives1 ar*angel1 ar*ipelago3 except 9 ar*$1 ar*]1 ar*]y1 ar*5emy4 ,be=e a consonant x is pron\nc$ art*2 z 9 ar*bi%op1 ar*duke1 ar*fi5d4--,see ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,* is sil5t 9 s*ism1 ya*t1 & dra*m4 ,9 s*$ule1 "s utt] x z k2 o!rs1 z %2 & _m make x mute3 ,i l ! fir/ practice4 ,,iv4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,d4 ,! g5]al s\nd ( ! consonant ,d1 is t :i* is he>d 9 dog1 eddy1 did4 ,d1 9 ! t]m9ation ed1 prec$$ by a %>p consonant1 takes ! s\nd ( t1 :5 ! e is suppress$ or unhe>d3 z 9 fac$1 /uff$1 crack$1 tripp$1 pass$2 pron\nc$ fa/e1 /uft1 cract1 tript1 pa/4 ,d be=e ia1 ie1 io1 or e\1 :5 ! acc5t prec$es1 g5]ally s\nds l j2 z 9 ,indian1 soldi]1 t$i\s1 hide\s4 ,s 9 v]dure1 ardu\s1 education4 ,v4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,e4 ,! v[el ,e has two s\nds prop]ly its own1--& ,i incl9e to ?9k1 ?ree3-- #a4 ,! op51 long1 full1 or primal e2 z 9 me1 m]e1 m5ial1 melodi\s4 #b4 ,! close1 curt1 %ort1 or /opp$ e2 z 9 m51 m]ry1 ebony1 /r5g?4 #c4 ,! obscure or fa9t e2 z 9 op51 g>d51 %ovel1 able4 ,?is ?ird s\nd is sc>cely p]ceptible1 & b>ely suffici5t to articulate ! consonant & =m a syllable4 ,e f9al is mute & belongs to ! syllable =m$ by ! prec$+ v[el or diph?ong2 z 9 age1 eve1 ice1 ore4 ,except--#a4 ,9 ! words1 be1 he1 me1 we1 %e1 9 :i* x has ! op5 s\nd2 & ! article !1 :]e9 x is op5 be=e a v[el1 & obscure be=e a consonant4 #b4 ,9 ,greek & ,lat9 words1 9 :i* x has its op5 s\nd1 & =ms a di/9ct syllable1 or ! basis ( "o2 z 9 ,p5elope1 ,pasipha1 ,cyane1 ,g>gaphi1 ,ars9o1 apo/rophe1 cata/rophe1 simile1 extempore1 epitome4 #c4 ,9 ! t]m9ations ere1 gre1 tre1 9 :i* x has ! s\nd ( close or curt u1 he>d be=e ! r2 z 9 acre1 meagre1 c5tre4 ,mute e1 aft] a s+le consonant1 or aft] / or ?1 g5]ally pres]ves ! op5 or long s\nd ( ! prec$+ v[el2 z 9 cane1 "h1 p9e1 cone1 tune1 ?yme1 ba/e1 wa/e1 la!1 clo!3 except 9 syllables unacc5t$2 z 9 ! la/ ( g5u9e2--& 9 a few monosyllables2 z bade1 are1 71 gone1 %one1 "o1 done1 give1 live1 %ove1 love4 ,,diph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,e4 ,e be=e an o!r v[el1 9 g5]al1 ei!r =ms ) x an improp] diph?ong1 or else belongs to a sep>ate syllable4 ,we d n he> bo? v[els 9 "o syllable1 except p]haps 9 eu or ew4 ,ea1 an improp] diph?ong1 mo/ly s\nds l op5 or long e2 z 9 e>1 fe>1 tea2 frequ5tly l close or curt e2 z 9 head1 heal?1 lea!r3 sometimes1 l op5 or long a2 z 9 /eak1 be>1 =swe>3 r>ely1 l middle a2 z 9 he>t1 he>?1 he>k54 ,ea 9 an unacc5t$ syllable1 s\nds l close or curt u2 z 9 v5geance1 pageant4 ,ee1 an improp] diph?ong1 mo/ly s\nds l "o op5 or long e2 z 9 eel1 %eep1 tree1 tru/ee1 ref]ee4 ,! contractions e'er & ne'er1 are pron\nc$ air & nair1 & n l e> & ne>4 ,e'en1 h[ev]1 pres]ves ! s\nd ( op5 e4 ,be5 is mo/ commonly he>d ) ! curt s\nd ( i1 b94 ,ei1 an improp] diph?ong1 mo/ly s\nds l ! primal or long a2 z 9 reign1 veil3 frequ5tly1 l op5 or long e2 z 9 deceit1 ei!r1 nei!r1 seize3 sometimes1 l op5 or long i2 z 9 height1 sleight1 heigh-ho3 (t51 9 unacc5t$ syllables1 l close or curt i2 z 9 =eign1 =feit1 surfeit1 sov]eign3 r>ely1 l close e2 z 9 heif]1 nonp>eil4 ,eo1 an improp] diph?ong1 9 p1 s\nds l op5 or long e2 9 leop>d & jeop>d1 l close or curt e2 9 yeoman1 accord+ to ! be/ usage1 l op5 or long o2 9 ,george1 ,georgia1 georgic1 l close o2 9 dungeon1 pun*eon1 /urgeon1 c41 l close u4 ,9 fe(f1 & its d]ivatives1 ! close or %ort s\nd ( e is mo/ fa%ionable2 b "s pref] ! long s\nd ( e2 & "s write ! ^w fief4 ,feod1 feodal1 feod>y1 feodatory1 are n[ commonly writt5 z !y are pron\nc$1 feud1 feudal1 feud>y1 feudatory4 ,eu & ew are s\nd$ alike1 & almo/ always ) ! diph?ongal s\nd ( op5 or long u2 z 9 feud1 deuce1 jewel1 dew1 few1 new4 ,^! diph?ongs1 :5 initial1 s\nd l yu4 ,n\ns beg9n+ ) ?is s\nd1 require ! article a1 & n an1 be=e !m2 z1 ,a ,european1 a ew]4 ,aft] r or rh1 eu & ew are commonly s\nd$ l oo2 z 9 drew1 grew1 screw1 rheumatism4 ,9 sew & ,%rewsbury1 ew s\nds l op5 o3 ,worce/]1 h[ev]1 pref]s ! s\nd ( oo 9 ! latt] ^w4 ,%ew & /rew1 hav+ ! same mean+ z %[ & /r[1 are sometimes1 by sam5ess ( pronunciation1 made to be ! same words2 & sometimes di/+ui%$ z diff]5t words1 by tak+ ! s\nds %u & /roo4 ,ey1 acc5t$1 has ! s\nd ( op5 or long a2 z 9 bey1 prey1 survey3 unacc5t$1 x has ! s\nd ( op5 e2 z 9 alley1 valley1 money4 ,key & ley are pron\nc$ kee1 lee4 ,,triph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,e4 ,eau1 a ,fr5* triph?ong1 s\nds l op5 o2 z 9 beau1 flambeau1 portmanteau1 bureau3 except 9 beauty1 & its comp\nds1 9 :i* x is pron\nc$ l op5 u1 z if ! ^w 7 writt5 buty4 ,e\ is a comb9ation ( v[els sometimes he>d 9 "o syllable1 especially aft] c or g2 z 9 crus-ta-ce\s1 gor-ge\s4 ,walk]1 9 8 ,rhym+ ,diction>y1 gives "o hundr$ & tw5ty words end+ 9 e\s1 9 all ( :i* he sep>ates ^! v[els2 z 9 ex-tra-ne-ous4 ,& :y1 9 8 ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y1 he gave u sev]al su* anomalies z fa-ba-ce-ous 9 f\r syllables & h]-ba-ce\s 9 ?ree1 x is n easy to tell4 ,! be/ rule is ?is3 aft] c or g1 unite ^! v[els2 aft] ! o!r consonants1 sep>ate !m4 ,ewe is a triph?ong hav+ ! s\nd ( yu1 & =m+ a ^w4 ,! vulg> pronunciation yoe %\ld be c>efully avoid$4 ,eye is an improp] triph?ong :i* also =ms a ^w1 & is pron\nc$ l op5 i1 or ! pron\n ,i4 ,,vi4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,f4 ,! consonant ,f has "o unv>i$ s\nd1 :i* is he>d 9 fan1 ef=t1 /aff3 except (1 :i*1 :5 simple1 is pron\nc$ ov4 ,,vii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,g4 ,! consonant ,g has two s\nds2--! "o h>d1 guttural1 & peculi> to ?is lett]2 ! o!r s(t1 l t ( j4 ,g be=e a1 o1 u1 l1 r1 or at ! end ( a ^w1 is h>d2 z 9 game1 gone1 gull1 glory1 grace1 log1 bog2 except 9 gaol4 ,g be=e e1 i1 or y1 is s(t2 z 9 gem1 g+]1 elegy4 ,except--#a4 ,9 get1 give1 gewgaw1 f+]1 & a few o!r words4 #b4 ,:5 a syllable is add$ to a ^w end+ 9 g3 z1 long1 long]2 fog1 foggy4 ,g is sil5t be=e m or n 9 ! same syllable2 z 9 phlegm1 apo!gm1 gnaw1 design4 ,g1 :5 sil5t1 usually l5g!ns ! prec$+ v[el2 z 9 resign1 impregn1 impugn4 ,gh at ! beg9n+ ( a ^w has ! s\nd ( g h>d2 z 9 gha/ly1 gh]k91 ,ghibell9e1 gho/1 gh\l1 ghyll3 9 o!r situations1 x is g5]ally sil5t2 z 9 high1 mighty1 pl\gh1 b\gh1 ?\gh1 ?r\gh1 fight1 night1 b\ght4 ,gh f9al sometimes s\nds l f2 z 9 laugh1 r\gh1 t\gh2 & sometimes1 l g h>d2 z 9 burgh4 ,9 h\gh1 l\gh1 %\gh1 x s\nds l k1 or ck2 ?us1 hock1 lock1 %ock4 ,,viii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,h4 ,! s\nd ( ! consonant ,h1 7?\gh articulate & audible :5 prop]ly utt]$17 is little m ?an an aspirate brea?+4 ,x is he>d 9 hat1 hit1 hot1 hut1 adh]e4 ,h at ! beg9n+ ( a ^w1 is always s\nd$2 except 9 heir1 h]b1 hone/1 hon\r1 hospital1 ho/l]1 h\r1 humble1 hum\r1 ) _! comp\nds & d]ivatives4 ,h aft] r1 is always sil5t2 z 9 rhapsody1 rhetoric1 rheum1 rhub>b4 ,h f9al1 imm$iately foll[+ a v[el1 is always sil5t2 z 9 ah1 ,s>ah1 ,n9eveh1 ,%iloh4 ,,ix4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,i4 ,! v[el ,i has ?ree s\nds1 ea* v common to x1 & p]haps prop]ly its own3-- #a4 ,! op51 long1 full1 or primal i2 z 9 life1 f9e1 f9al1 "t1 b9d1 *ild1 sigh1 p9t1 resign4 ,?is is a diph?ongal s\nd1 equival5t to ! s\nds ( middle a & op5 e quickly unit$4 #b4 ,! close1 curt1 %ort1 or /opp$ i2 z 9 ink1 limit1 disfigure1 mimick+4 #c4 ,! feeble1 fa9t1 or sl5d] i1 acc5tless2 z 9 dive/1 doctr9al1 div]sity4 ,?is ?ird s\nd is equival5t to t ( op5 e1 or ee utt]$ feebly4 ,i g5]ally has ?is s\nd :5 x occurs at ! end ( an unacc5t$ syllable3 except at ! end ( ,lat9 words1 or ( anci5t names1 :]e x is op5 or long2 z 9 lit]ati1 ,n]vii1 ,eli1 ,levi4 ,9 "s words1 7pr9cipally f o!r mod]n languages17 i has ! full s\nd ( op5 e1 "u ! acc5t2 z 9 ,porto ,rico1 ma*9e1 magaz9e1 antique1 %ire4 ,acc5t$ i foll[$ by a v[el1 has its op5 or primal s\nd2 & ! v[els belong to sep>ate syllables2 z 9 pliant1 diet1 satiety1 violet1 pi\s4 ,unacc5t$ i foll[$ by a v[el1 has its feeble s\nd2 z 9 expatiate1 ob$i5t1 v>i\s1 ab/emi\s4 ,,diph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,i4 ,i1 9 ! situation la/ describ$1 readily coalesces ) ! v[el :i* foll[s1 & is (t5 sunk into ! same syllable1 =m+ a prop] diph?ong3 z 9 fu/ian1 quoti5t1 "q4 ,! t]m9ations cion1 sion1 & tion1 are g5]ally pron\nc$ %un2 & ci\s & ti\s are pron\nc$ %us4 ,ie is commonly an improp] diph?ong4 ,ie 9 die1 hie1 lie1 pie1 tie1 vie1 & _! d]ivatives1 has ! s\nd ( op5 i4 ,ie 9 words f ! ,fr5*1 7z cap-a-pie1 ecurie1 gr5adi]1 siege1 bi]17 has ! s\nd ( op5 e4 ,s1 g5]ally1 9 ! middle ( ,engli% roots2 z 9 *ief1 grief1 ?ief2 b1 9 sieve1 x has ! s\nd ( close or %ort i4 ,9 fri5d1 & its d]ivatives or comp\nds1 x takes ! s\nd ( close e4 ,,triph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,i4 ,! triph?ongs ieu & iew bo? s\nd l op5 or long u2 z 9 lieu1 adieu1 view4 ,! ?ree v[els i\1 9 ! t]m9ation i\s1 (t5 fall into "o syllable1 & =m a triph?ong4 ,!re are two hundr$ & =ty-five words ( ?is end+2 & m ?an two hundr$ d]iva- tives f !m4 ,walk] has sev]al puzzl+ inconsi/5cies 9 _! pronunciation2 su* z fas-tid-i-ous & p]-fid-i\s1 con-ta-gi-ous & sac-ri-le-gi\s4 ,aft] c1 g1 t1 or x1 ^! v[els %\ld coalesce3 z 9 gra-ci\s1 re-li-gi\s1 vex-a-ti\s1 ob-nox-i\s1 & ab\t two hundr$ o!r words4 ,aft] ! o!r consonants1 let !m =m two syllables2 7except :5 !re is a syn- s]esis 9 poetry27 z 9 dw-bi-ou-s1 o-di-ous1 va-ri-ous1 en-vi-ous4 ,x4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,j4 ,! consonant ,j1 ! t5? lett] ( ! ,engli% alphabet1 has inv>iably ! s\nd ( s(t g1 l ! g 9 giant1 :i* "s say is equival5t to ! complex s\nd dzh2 z1 jade1 jet1 jilt1 joy1 ju/ice1 jewel1 prejudice4 ,,xi4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,k4 ,! consonant ,k1 n sil5t1 has uni=mly ! s\nd ( c h>d2 & occurs :]e c w\ld h its s(t s\nd3 z 9 keep1 look+1 k9d1 smoky4 ,k be=e n is sil5t2 z 9 knave1 "k1 knuckle4 ,9 /ead ( d\bl+ c f9al1 we write ck2 z 9 lack1 lock1 luck1 attack4 ,9 ,engli% words1 k is nev] d\bl$1 ?\gh two ,kays may come toge!r 9 c]ta9 comp\nds2 z 9 brickkiln1 jackknife4 ,two ,kays1 belong+ to diff]5t syllables1 also /& toge!r 9 a few ,scripture names2 z 9 ,akkub1 ,bakbakk>1 ,bukki1 ,bukkiah1 ,habakkuk4 ,hakkoz1 ,ikke%1 ,sukkiims4 ,c be=e k1 ?\gh x does n always d\ble ! s\nd :i* c or k 9 su* a situation mu/ repres5t1 always %uts or %ort5s ! prec$+ v[el2 z 9 rack1 speck1 freckle1 cockle1 wick$4 ,,xii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,l4 ,! consonant ,l1 ! pla9e/ ( ! semiv[els1 has a s(t1 liquid s\nd2 z 9 l9e1 lily1 roll1 foll[4 ,l is sometimes sil5t2 z 9 ,holmes1 alms1 almond1 calm1 *alk1 walk1 calf1 half1 c\ld1 w\ld1 %\ld4 ,l1 too1 is frequ5tly d\bl$ :]e x is he>d b once2 z 9 hill1 full1 travell$4 ,s any lett] t is writt5 twice1 & n twice s\nd$1 mu/ !re be once mute2 z ! la/ 9 baa1 ebb1 add1 see1 /aff1 egg1 all1 inn1 coo1 err1 less1 buzz4 ,,xiii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,m4 ,! consonant ,m is a semiv[el & a liquid1 capable ( an audible1 humm+ s\nd ?r\gh ! nose1 :5 ! m\? is clos$4 ,x is he>d 9 map1 murmur1 mammon4 ,9 ! old words1 compt1 accompt1 comptroll]1 7= c\nt1 acc\nt1 controll]17 ! m is s\nd$ z n4 ,m be=e n1 at ! beg9n+ ( a ^w1 is sil5t2 z 9 ,mnason1 ,mnemosyne1 mnemonics4 ,,xiv4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,n4 ,! consonant ,n1 :i* is also a semiv[el & a liquid1 has two s\nds2--! fir/1 ! pure & natural s\nd ( n2 z 9 nun1 bann]1 cannon2--! second1 ! r++ s\nd ( ng1 he>d be=e c]ta9 gutturals2 z 9 ?9k1 mangle1 conqu]1 congress1 s++1 tw9kl+1 ,c5'*re4 ,! latt] s\nd %\ld be c>efully pres]v$ 9 all words end+ 9 +1 & 9 su* o!rs z require x4 ,! s\nd+ ( ! syllable + z if x 7 91 is a vulg>ism 9 utt]ance2 & ! writ+ ( x s1 is1 z x w\ld seem by ! usage ( ,burns1 a ,scotticism4 ,n f9al prec$$ by m1 is sil5t2 z 9 hymn1 solemn1 column1 damn1 condemn1 autumn4 ,b ?is n becomes audible 9 an additional syllable2 z 9 autumnal1 condemnable1 damn+4 ,,xv4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,o4 ,! v[el ,o has ?ree diff]5t s\nds1 :i* are prop]ly its own3-- #a4 ,! op51 full1 primal1 or long o2 z 9 no1 note1 opiate1 opacity1 ,roman4 #b4 ,! close1 curt1 %ort1 or /opp$ o2 z 9 n1 nor1 torrid1 doll>1 fondle4 #c4 ,! sl5d] or n>r[ o1 l oo2 z 9 prove1 move1 :o1 to1 d1 tomb4 ,o1 9 _m words1 s\nds l close or curt u2 z 9 love1 %ove1 son1 come1 no?+1 do/1 attorney1 gallon1 dragon1 comfit1 com=t1 coloration4 ,"o is pron\nc$ wun2 & once1 wunce4 ,9 ! t]m9ation on imm$iately aft] ! acc5t1 o is (t5 sunk into a s\nd sc>cely p]ceptible1 l t ( obscure e2 z 9 mason1 p]son1 lesson4 ,,diph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,o4 ,oa1 an improp] diph?ong1 has ! s\nd ( op5 or long o2 z 9 boat1 coal1 roa*1 coa/1 coa/wise3 except 9 broad & groat1 :i* h ! s\nd ( broad a4 ,oe1 an improp] diph?ong1 :5 f9al1 has ! s\nd ( op5 or long o3 z 9 doe1 foe1 ?roe3 except 9 canoe1 %oe1 pron\nc$ canoo1 %oo4 ,,oe1 a ,lat9 diph?ong1 g5]ally s\nds l op5 e2 z 9 ,antoeci1 foetus3 sometimes1 l close or curt e2 z 9 foetid1 foeticide4 ,b ! ,engli% ^w fetid is (t51 & p]haps g5]ally1 writt5 )\t ! o4 ,oi is g5]ally a prop] diph?ong1 unit+ ! s\nd ( close o or broad a1 & t ( op5 e2 z 9 boil1 coil1 soil1 rejoice4 ,b ! v[els1 :5 !y appe> toge!r1 sometimes belong to sep>ate syllables2 z 9 ,/oic1 ,/oicism4 ,oi unacc5t$1 sometimes has ! s\nd ( close or curt i2 z 9 avoirdupois1 connoisseur1 tortoise4 ,oo1 an improp] diph?ong1 g5]ally has ! sl5d] s\nd ( o2 z 9 coo1 too1 woo1 fool1 room4 ,x has1 9 "s words1 a %ort] or clos] s\nd1 7l t ( u 9 bull17 z 9 foot1 good1 wood1 /ood1 wool2--t ( close u 9 blood & flood2--& t ( op5 o 9 door & floor4 ,d]ivatives f any ( ^!1 s\nd z _! primitives4 ,ou is g5]ally a prop] diph?ong1 unit+ ! s\nd ( close or curt o1 & t ( u z he>d 9 bull1--or u s\nd$ z oo2 z 9 b\nd1 f\nd1 s\nd1 ounce1 ?\4 ,ou is also1 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 an improp] diph?ong2 &1 z su*1 x has six diff]5t s\nds3--7l47 ,t ( close or curt u2 z 9 r\gh1 t\gh1 "y1 fl\ri%4 7#b47 ,t ( broad a2 z 9 ought1 b\ght1 ?\ght4 7#c47 ,t ( op5 or long o2 z 9 c\rt1 d\gh1 f\r1 ?\gh4 7#d47 ,t ( close or curt o2 z 9 c\gh1 tr\gh1 l\gh1 %\gh3 :i* are1 ,i believe1 ! only examples4 7#e47 ,t ( sl5d] o1 or oo2 z 9 s\p1 y1 ?r\gh4 7#f47 ,t ( u 9 bull1 or ( oo %ort5$2 only 9 w\ld1 c\ld1 %\ld4 ,ow g5]ally s\nds l ! prop] diph?ong ou1--or l a union ( %ort o ) oo2 z 9 br[n1 d[ry1 n[1 %[]3 b x is (t5 an improp] diph?ong1 hav+ only ! s\nd ( op5 or long o2 z 9 "k1 %[1 /[4 ,oy is a prop] diph?ong1 equival5t 9 s\nd to oi2 z 9 joy1 toy1 oy/]4 ,,triph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,o4 ,o,eu is a ,fr5* triph?ong1 pron\nc$ 9 ,engli% z oo1 & occurr+ 9 ! ^w manoeuvre1 ) its sev]al d]ivatives4 ,owe is an improp] triph?ong1 & an ,engli% ^w1 9 :i* ! o only is he>d1 & he>d always ) its long or op5 s\nd4 ,,xvi4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,p4 ,! consonant ,p1 :5 n writt5 be=e h1 has commonly "o peculi> s\nd2 :i* is he>d 9 p51 p9e1 sup1 supp]4 ,! ^w cupbo>d is usually pron\nc$ kubburd4 ,p1 writt5 ) an audible consonant1 is sometimes itself sil5t2 z 9 psalm1 psalt]1 pseudography1 psy*ology1 pt>migan1 ptyalism1 receipt1 corps4 ,ph g5]ally s\nds l f2 z 9 philosophy4 ,9 ,/eph5 & nephew1 ph has ! s\nd ( v4 ,! h aft] p1 is sil5t 9 diph?ong1 triph?ong1 naph?a1 oph?almic2 & bo? ! p & ! h are sil5t 9 apoph!gm1 ph?isis1 ph?isical4 ,f ! la/ ?ree words1 ph is sometimes dropp$4 ,,xvii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,q4 ,! consonant ,q1 be+ nev] sil5t1 nev] f9al1 nev] d\bl$1 & n hav+ a s\nd peculi> to itself1 is inv>iably he>d1 9 ,engli%1 ) ! p[] ( k2 & is always foll[$ by ! v[el u1 :i*1 9 words purely ,engli%1 is s\nd$ l ! n>r[ o1 or oo1--or1 p]haps1 is squeez$ into ! consonantal s\nd ( w2--z 9 que51 quav]1 quiv]1 qu>t]1 reque/4 ,9 "s words ( ,fr5* orig91 ! u aft] q is sil5t2 z 9 coquet1 liquor1 burlesque1 etiquette4 ,,xviii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,r4 ,! consonant ,r1 call$ also a semiv[el & a liquid1 has usually1 at ! beg9n+ ( a ^w1 or be=e a v[el1 a r\gh or pretty /rong s\nd2 z 9 roll1 rose1 roam1 pr\dly1 prorogue4 ,9 o!r positions1 x is said by _m to be smoo? or s(t2 z 9 h>d1 =d1 ^w4--,w4 ,all54 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! lett] ,r turns ! tip ( ! tongue up aga9/ or t[>ds ! ro( ( ! m\?1 :]e ! s\nd may be l5g!n$1 r\gh5$1 trill$1 or quav]$4 ,consequ5tly1 ?is elem5t may1 at ! w ( ! speak]1 h m or less--little or no?+1 or ev5 v mu*--( t peculi> r\ghness1 j>1 or :ur1 :i* is commonly said to con/itute ! s\nd4 ,! extremes %\ld "h be avoid$4 ,"s read]s v improp]ly omit ! s\nd ( r f _m words to :i* x p]ta9s2 pron\nc+ or z awe1 nor z knaw1 = z faugh1 & w> z ! fir/ syllable ( wat]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,! excessive trill+ ( ! r1 z practis$ by "s speak]s1 is a great fault4--,d4 ,p4 ,page4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,dr4 ,johnson1 9 8 ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,tongue1 says1 ,r has ! same r\gh sn>l+ s\nd z 9 o!r tongues4--,p4 #c4 ,aga91 9 8 ,qu>to ,diction>y1 "u ?is lett]1 he says1 ,r is call$ ! can9e lett]1 because x is utt]$ ) "s resemblance to ! gr[l or sn>l ( a cur3 x has "o con/ant s\nd 9 ,engli%1 su* z x has 9 o!r languages2 z1 r$1 rose1 m1 muriatick4 ,walk]1 h[ev]1 :o has a great] reputation z an or?oepi/ sic--,,k?1 tea*es t1 ,!re is a di/9ction 9 ! s\nd ( ?is lett]1 :i* is1 says he1 9 my op9ion1 ( no small importance2 & t is1 ! di/9ction ( ! r\gh & ! smoo? r4 ,b5 ,jonson1 cont9ues he1 9 8 ,gramm>1 says1 ',x is s\nd$ firm 9 ! beg9n+ ( words1 & m liquid 9 ! middle & ends1 z 9 r>]1 rip]2 & s 9 ! ,lat94' ,! r\gh r is =m$ by j>r+ ! tip ( ! tongue aga9/ ! ro( ( ! m\? ne> ! =e tee?3 ! smoo? r is a vibration ( ! l[] "p ( ! tongue1 ne> ! root1 aga9/ ! inw>d region ( ! palate1 ne> ! entrance ( ! ?roat4--,walk]'s ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #dai2 ,octavo ,dict41 p4 #dh4 ,,obs4 #c4--,wells1 ) 8 *>act]i/ic indecision1 =be>s all recognition ( ?is diff]5ce1 & all intimation ( ! quality ( ! s\nd1 :e!r smoo? or r\gh2 say+1 9 8 own text1 only ?is3 ,r has ! s\nd he>d 9 r>e4--,s*ool ,gramm>1 p4 #dj4 ,!n1 ref]r+ ! /ud5t to sundry au?orities1 he adds 9 a footnote c]ta9 quotations1 t are said to pres5t a g5]al view ( ! diff]5t op9ions :i* exi/ among or?oepi/s respect+ ?is lett]4 ,& s admirably are ^! au?orities or op9ions balanc$ & (fset1 "o class aga9/ an o!r1 t x is h>d to tell :i* has ! odds4 ,fir/1 ?\gh x is n at all probable t ,wells's utt]ance ( r>e exhibits twice ov] ! r\gh sn>l ( ,johnson's r1 ! g5]al view seems int5d$ to confirm ! indef9ite tea*+ above1 ?us3 ',r has "o con/ant s\nd 9 ,engli%4'--,johnson4 ,! same view is adopt$ by ,web/]1 ,p]ry1 ,k5drick1 ,%]idan1 ,jones1 ,jameson1 ,kn[les1 & o!rs4--,s*ool ,gramm>1 p4 #dj4 ,9 c\nt]poise ( ^!1 ,wells next cites ab\t z _m m--namely1 ,frazee1 ,page1 ,russell1 ,walk]1 ,ru%1 ,b>b]1 ,com/ock1 & ,sm>t1--z ma9ta9+ or admitt+ t r has sometimes a r\gh s\nd1 & sometimes a smoo!r "o4 ,,xix4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,s4 ,! consonant ,s has a %>p1 hiss+1 or h>d s\nd2 z 9 sad1 si/]1 ?us3 & a flat1 buzz+1 or s(t s\nd1 l t ( z2 z 9 rose1 dismal1 bosom1 husb&4 ,s1 at ! beg9n+ ( words1 or aft] any ( ! %>p consonants1 is always %>p2 z 9 see1 /eps1 cliffs1 sits1 /ocks1 smi?s4 ,s1 aft] any ( ! flat mutes1 or at ! end ( words :5 n prec$$ by a %>p consonant1 is g5]ally flat2 z 9 eyes1 trees1 b$s1 bags1 calves4 ,b 9 ! ,engli% t]m9ation ous1 or 9 ! ,lat9 u1 x is %>p2 z joy\s1 vigor\s1 hiatus4 ,ss is g5]ally %>p2 z 9 pass1 kiss1 h>ass1 assuage1 basset1 cassock1 remissness4 ,b ! fir/ two ,esses 9 possess1 or any ( its regul> d]ivatives1 z well z ! two 9 dissolve1 or its proximate k91 s\nd l two ,zees2 & ! s(t or flat s\nd is commonly giv5 to ea* s 9 hyssop1 hussy1 & huss>4 ,9 scissel1 scissible1 & scissile1 all ! ,esses hiss2--9 scissors1 ! la/ ?ree ( ! f\r are flat1 l z2--b 9 ! middle ( scissure & scission we he> ! s\nd ( zh4 ,s1 9 ! t]m9ation sion1 takes ! s\nd ( %1 aft] a consonant2 z 9 asp]sion1 session1 passion1 mission1 compulsion3 & t ( zh1 aft] a v[el2 z 9 evasion1 elision1 confusion4 ,9 ! v]b assure1 & ea* ( its d]ivatives1 also 9 ! n\ns pressure & fissure1 ) _! d]ivatives1 we he>1 accord+ to ,walk]1 ! s\nd ( % = ea* s1 or twice 9 ea* ^w2 b1 accord+ to ! or?opy ( ,worce/]1 t s\nd is he>d only 9 ! acc5t$ syllable ( ea* ^w1 & ! v[el 9 ea* unacc5t$ syllable is obscure4 ,s is sil5t or mute 9 ! words1 isle1 isl&1 aisle1 demesne1 corps1 & visc\nt4 ,,xx4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,t4 ,! g5]al s\nd ( ! consonant ,t1 is he>d 9 "t1 lett]1 set4 ,t1 imm$iately aft] ! acc5t1 takes ! s\nd ( t*1 be=e u1 & g5]ally also be=e e\2 z 9 nature1 feature1 virtue1 righte\s1 c\rte\s3 :5 s or x prec$es1 x takes ?is s\nd be=e ia or io2 z 9 fu/ian1 ba/ion1 mixtion4 ,b ! g5]al or mo/ usual s\nd ( t aft] ! acc5t1 :5 foll[$ by i & an o!r v[el1 is t ( %2 z 9 creation1 pati5t1 cauti\s4 ,9 ,engli%1 t is seldom1 if ev]1 sil5t or p[]less4 ,9 depot1 h[ev]1 a ^w borr[$ f ! ,fr5*1 we d n s\nd x2 & 9 *e/nut1 :i* is a comp\nd ( our own1 x is mu* (t5] writt5 ?an he>d4 ,9 (t5 & s(t51 "s ?9k x sil5t2 b x seems r to take "h ! s\nd ( f4 ,9 *a/51 ha/51 fa/51 ca/le1 ne/le1 :i/le1 apo/le1 epi/le1 bu/le1 & simil> words1 ) _! sundry d]ivatives1 ! t is said by "s to be mute2 b "h x seems to take ! s\nd ( s2 =1 accord+ to ! be/ au?orities1 ?is s\nd is be>d twice 9 su* words4 ,?1 writt5 9 ,greek by ! "* call$ ,!ta1 7,greek3 ? or ,o capital1 ,greek3 ? or ,greek3 ? small17 repres5ts an elem5t>y s\nd2 or1 r1 two di/9ct elem5t>y s\nds1 = :i* ! ,anglo-,saxons _h diff]5t *>act]s1 suppos$ by ,dr4 ,boswor? to h be5 appli$ ) accurate discrim9ation ( ! h>d or %>p s\nd ( ?1 f ! s(t or flat s\nd4--7,see ,boswor?'s ,comp5di\s ,anglo-,saxon ,diction>y1 p4 #bfh47 ,! ,engli% ? is ei!r %>p1 z 9 ?+1 e?ical1 ?9ke?2 or flat1 z 9 ?is1 :i!r1 ?i!r4 ,? initial is %>p2 z 9 ?\ght3 except 9 ?an1 t1 !1 !e1 _!1 !m1 !n1 !nce1 !re1 ^!1 !y1 ?9e1 ?is1 ?i!r1 ^?1 ?\1 ?us1 ?y1 & _! comp\nds4--,w4 ,all5's ,gramm>1 p4 #bb4 ,? f9al is also %>p2 z 9 s\?3 except 9 b5ea?1 boo?1 )1 & sev]al v]bs =m]ly ) ? la/1 b n[ frequ5tly 7& m prop]ly7 writt5 ) f9al e2 z loa!1 m\!1 see!1 soo!1 smoo!1 clo!1 wrea!1 bequea!1 unclo!4 ,? m$ial is %>p1 too1 :5 prec$$ or foll[$ by a consonant2 z 9 ,ar?ur1 e?nic1 sw>?y1 a?w>t3 except 9 bre?r51 bur!n1 f>!r1 f>?+1 mur!r1 nor!rn1 wor?y4 ,b ? betwe5 two v[els1 is g5]ally flat 9 words purely ,engli%2 z 9 ga!r1 nei!r1 :i!r3 & %>p 9 words f ! le>n$ languages2 z 9 a!i/1 e!r1 me?od--,see ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #bb4 ,?1 9 ,?ames1 ,?omas1 ?yme1 a/hma1 ph?isis1 & _! comp\nds1 is pron\nc$ l t4--,ib4 ,,xxi4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,u4 ,! v[el ,u has ?ree s\nds :i* may be consid]$ to be prop]ly its own3-- #a4 ,! op51 long1 full1 primal1 or diph?ongal u2 z 9 tube1 cubic1 juv5ile4 #b4 ,! close1 curt1 %ort1 or /opp$ u2 z 9 tub1 butt]1 ju/ice1 unhung4 #c4 ,! middle u1 resembl+ a %ort or quick oo2 z 9 pull1 pulpit1 artful4 ,u =m+ a syllable by itself or ,u z nam+ itself is ne>ly equival5t 9 s\nd to y1 & requires ! article a1 & n an1 be=e x2 z1 a ,u1 a union4 ,u sometimes borr[s ! s\nd ( "s o!r v[el2 = bury is pron\nc$ b]ry1 & busy is pron\nc$ bizzy4 ,s 9 ! d]ivatives1 burial1 buri$1 busi$1 busily1 & ! l4 ,! long or diph?ongal u1 commonly s\nd$ z yu1 or z ew 9 ew]1--or any equival5t diph?ong or digraph1 z ue1 ui1 eu1 or ew4--:5 x foll[s r or rh1 assumes ! s\nd ( sl5d] o or oo2 z 9 rude1 rhub>b1 rue1 rueful1 rheum1 fruit1 tru?1 brew]4 ,,diph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,u4 ,u1 9 ! prop] diph?ongs1 ua1 ue1 ui1 uo1 uy1 has ! s\nd ( w or ( oo feeble2 z 9 p]suade1 qu]y1 quell1 quiet1 languid1 quote1 obloquy4 ,ua1 an improp] diph?ong1 has ! s\nd--#a4 ,( middle a2 z 9 gu>d1 gu>dian4 #b4 ,( close a2 z 9 gu>antee1 piquant4 #c4 ,( obscure e2 z 9 victuals & its comp\nds or k9dr$4 #d4 ,( op5 u2 z 9 mantuamak]4 ,ue1 an improp] diph?ong1 has ! s\nd--#a4 ,( op5 u2 z 9 blue1 ensue1 ague4 #b4 ,( close e2 z 9 gue/1 guess]4 #c4 ,( close u2 z 9 leagu]4 ,ue f9al is sometimes sil5t2 z 9 league1 antique4 ,ui1 an improp] diph?ong1 has ! s\nd--#a4 ,( op5 i2 z 9 guide1 guile4 #b4 ,( close i2 z 9 conduit1 circuit4 #c4 ,( op5 u2 z 9 juice1 sluice1 suit4 ,uo c sc>cely be call$ an improp] diph?ong1 except1 p]haps1 aft] q 9 liquor1 liquorice1 liquori%1 :]e uor is he>d z ur4 ,uy1 an improp] diph?ong1 has ! s\nd--#a4 ,( op5 y2 z 9 buy1 buy]4 #b4 ,( feeble y1 or ( ee feeble2 z 9 plaguy1 roguy4 ,,triph?ongs ,,beg9n+ ,,) ,u4 ,uai is pron\nc$ ne>ly1 if n exactly1 l way2 z 9 guai-a-cum1 quail1 qua9t4 ,uaw is s\nd$ l wa 9 wat]2 z 9 squaw1 a female ,indian4 ,uay has ! s\nd ( way2 z 9 ,p>-a-guay3 except 9 quay1 :i* ne>ly all our or?oepi/s pron\nce kee4 ,uea & uee are ea* s\nd$ wee2 z 9 queasy1 que]1 squeal1 squeeze4 ,uoi & woy are ea* s\nd$ woi2 z 9 quoit1 buoy4 ,"s say1 t1 z u1 9 ^! comb9ations1 s\nds l w1 x is a consonant2 o!rs allege1 t w itself has only ! s\nd ( oo1 & is !re=e 9 all cases a v[el4 ,u has1 c]ta9ly1 9 ^! connexions1 z mu* ( ! s\nd ( oo1 z has w2 & p]haps a little m4 ,,xxii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,v4 ,! consonant ,v always has a s\nd l t ( f flatt5$2 z 9 love1 vulture1 vivaci\s4 ,9 pure ,engli%1 x is nev] sil5t1 nev] f9al1 nev] d\bl$3 b x is (t5 d\bl$ 9 ! dialect ( ,crav52 & !re1 too1 x is sometimes f9al4 ,,xxiii4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,w4 ,w1 :5 reckon$ a consonant1 7z x usually is :5 utt]$ ) a v[el t foll[s x17 has ! s\nd he>d at ! beg9n+ ( w9e1 w91 woman1 woody2 be+ a s\nd less vocal ?an t ( oo1 & dep5d+ m ^u ! lips4 ,w be=e h1 is usually pron\nc$ z if x foll[$ ! h2 z 9 :at1 :51 :]e1 :ile3 b1 9 :o1 ^:1 :om1 :ole1 :oop1 & words =m$ f ^!1 x is sil5t4 ,be=e r1 9 ! same syllable1 x is also sil5t2 z 9 wra?1 wr5*1 wrong4 ,s 9 a few o!r cases2 z 9 sword1 answ]1 two4 ,w is nev] us$ alone z a v[el2 except 9 "s ,wel% or =eign names1 9 :i* x is equival5t to oo2 z 9 ,cwm ,co?y1 ! "n ( a m\nta9 9 ,wales2 ,wkra ! "n ( a small riv] 9 ,pol&4--,see ,lockh>t's ,napoleon1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ae4 ,9 a diph?ong1 :5 he>d1 x has ! p[] ( u 9 bull1 or ne>ly t ( oo2 z 9 new1 n[1 br[1 fr[n4 ,aw & ow are frequ5tly improp] diph?ongs1 ! w be+ sil5t1 ! a broad1 & ! o long2 z 9 law1 flaw1--t[1 sn[4 ,w1 :5 s\nd$ be=e v[els1 be+ reckon$ a consonant1 we h no diph?ongs or triph?ongs beg9n+ ) ?is lett]4 ,,xxiv4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,x4 ,! consonant ,x has a %>p s\nd1 l ks2 z 9 ox3 & a flat "o1 l gz2 z 9 example4 ,x is %>p1 :5 x ends an acc5t$ syllable2 z 9 ex]cise1 exit1 excell5ce3 or :5 x prec$es an acc5t$ syllable beg9n+ ) a consonant2 z 9 exp&1 extreme1 expunge4 ,x unacc5t$ is g5]ally flat1 :5 ! next syllable beg9s ) a v[el2 z 9 exi/1 exemption1 exotic4 ,x initial1 9 ,greek prop] names1 has ! s\nd ( z2 z 9 ,xan?us1 ,xantippe1 ,x5ophon1 ,x]xes--,see ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,,xxv4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,y4 ,y1 z a consonant1 has ! s\nd he>d at ! beg9n+ ( y>n1 "y1 y\?2 be+ r less vocal ?an ! feeble s\nd ( i1 or ( ! v[el y1 & s]v+ m]ely to modify t ( a succe$+ v[el1 ) :i* x is quickly unit$4 ,y1 z a v[el1 has ! same s\nds z i3-- #a4 ,! op51 long1 full1 or primal y2 z 9 cry1 cry+1 ?yme1 cycle4 #b4 ,! close1 curt1 %ort1 or /opp$ y2 z 9 sy/em1 symptom1 cynic4 #c4 ,! feeble or fa9t y1 acc5tless2 7l op5 e feeble27 z 9 cym>1 cycloidal1 m]cy4 ,! v[els i & y h1 9 g5]al1 exactly ! same s\nd "u simil> circum/ances1 &1 9 =m+ d]ivatives1 we (t5 *ange "o = ! o!r3 z 9 city1 cities2 tie1 ty+2 easy1 easily4 ,y1 be=e a v[el he>d 9 ! same syllable1 is reckon$ a consonant2 we h1 !re=e1 no diph?ongs or triph?ongs comm5c+ ) ?is lett]4 ,,xxvi4 ,,( ,,! ,,lett] ,z4 ,! consonant ,z1 ! la/ lett] ( our alphabet1 has usually a s(t or buzz+ s\nd1 ! same z t ( s flat2 z 9 ,z5o1 z5i?1 breeze1 dizzy4 ,be=e u primal or i feeble1 z1 z well z s flat1 sometimes takes ! s\nd ( zh1 :i*1 9 ! enum]ation ( consonantal s\nds1 is reckon$ a di/9ct elem5t2 z 9 azure1 seizure1 glazi]2 osi]1 measure1 pleasure4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,fir/ ,,app5dix4 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,to ,,"p ,,second1 ,,or ,,etymology4 ,,( ,,! ,,d]ivation ,,( ,,words4 ,d]ivation1 z a topic to be treat$ by ! gramm>ian1 is a species ( ,etymology1 :i* expla9s ! v>i\s me?ods by :i* ^? d]ivative words :i* are n =m$ by m]e grammatical inflections1 are d$uc$ f _! primitives4 ,mo/ ( ^? words :i* are reg>d$ z primitives 9 ,engli%1 may be trac$ to ult]ior s\rces1 & _m ( !m are f\nd to be comp\nds or d]ivatives 9 ! o!r languages f :i* !y h come to u4 ,to %[ ! composition1 orig91 & lit]al s5se ( ^!1 is also a "p1 & a highly useful "p1 ( ?is g5]al inquiry1 or !me ( in/ruction4 ,?is species ( in=mation1 ?\gh insignificant 9 ^? ^: /udies rea* to no?+ bett]1--to no?+ valuable & available 9 life1--is nev]!less ess5tial to education & to sci5ce2 because x is ess5tial to a "r und]/&+ ( ! import & j application ( su* words4 ,all reliable etymology1 all au!ntic d]ivation ( words1 has ev] be5 highly valu$ by ! wise4 ,! le>n$ ,james ,h>ris has a rem>k z foll[s3 ,h[ useful to ,,e?ic ,,sci5ce1 & inde$ to ,,k 9 g5]al1 a ,,grammatical ,,disquisition into ! ,etymology & ,mean+ ( ,,words 0 e/eem$ by ! *ief & able/ ,philosoph]s1 may be se5 by consult+ ,plato 9 8 ,cratylus2 ,x5ophon's ,memorabilia1 ,,iv1 #e1 #f2 ,arrian4 ,epict4 ,i1 #ag2 ,,ii1 #aj2 ,m>c4 ,anton4 ,,iii1 #aa2 c4--,see ,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #djg4 ,a k ( ! ,saxon1 ,lat91 ,greek1 & ,fr5* languages1 w ?r[ mu* light on ?is subject1 ! d]ivation ( our mod]n ,engli%2 nor is x a weak argum5t 9 fav\r ( /udy+ ^!1 t our acqua9tance ) !m1 :e!r deep or slight1 t5ds to a bett] und]/&+ ( :at is borr[$1 & :at is v]nacul>1 9 our own tongue4 ,b etymological analysis may ext5sively tea* ! orig9 ( ,engli% words1 _! composition1 & ! import ( _! p>ts1 )\t dem&+ ( ! /ud5t ! p[] ( read+ =eign or anci5t languages1 or ( disc\rs+ at all on ,g5]al ,gramm>4 ,&1 s9ce _m ( ! us]s ( ?is "w may be b read]s ( our curr5t ,engli%1 to :om an unkn[n lett] or a =eign ^w is a p>ticul>ly unc\? & repulsive ?+1 we %all "h =be> ! use ( ,saxon *>act]s1 &1 9 our explanations1 n g beyond ! prec9cts ( our own language1 except to %[ ! orig9 & primitive import ( "s ( our def9itive & connect+ p>ticles1 & to expla9 ! prefixes & t]m9ations :i* are frequ5tly employ$ to =m ,engli% d]ivatives4 ,! rude & cursory languages ( b>b>\s nations1 to :om lit]ature is unkn[n1 are among ^? transitory ?+s :i*1 by ! h& ( "t1 are irrecov]ably buri$ 9 oblivion4 ,! fabric ( ! ,engli% language is und\bt$ly ( ,saxon orig92 b :at 0 ! p>ticul> =m ( ! language spok5 by ! ,saxons1 :5 ab\t ! ye> #dej !y ent]$ ,brita91 _c n[ be accurately kn[n4 ,x 0 probably a dialect ( ! ,go?ic or ,teutonic4 ,?is ,anglo-,saxon dialect1 be+ ! nucleus1 receiv$ l>ge accessions f o!r tongues ( ! nor?1 f ! ,norman ,fr5*1 & f ! m poli%$ languages ( ,rome & ,greece1 to =m ! mod]n ,engli%4 ,! spee* ( our rude & w>like ance/ors ?us gradually improv$1 z ,*ri/ianity1 civilization1 & k1 advanc$ ! arts ( life 9 ,brita92 &1 z e>ly z ! t5? c5tury1 x became a language capable ( express+ all ! s5tim5ts ( a civiliz$ p4 ,f ! "t ( ,alfr$1 its progress may be trac$ by means ( writ+s :i* rema92 b x c sc>cely be call$ ,engli%1 z ,i h %[n 9 ! ,introduction to ?is "w1 till ab\t ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,& = two or ?ree c5turies lat]1 x 0 s diff]5t f ! mod]n ,engli%1 z to be sc>cely intelligible at all to ! m]e ,engli% read]2 b1 gradually improv+ by means ^u :i* we ne$ n "h dilate1 x at l5g? became :at we n[ f9d x1--a language copi\s1 /rong1 ref9$1 impressive1 & capable1 if prop]ly us$1 ( a great degree ( beauty & h>mony4 ,,section ,i4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,! ,,articles4 #a4 ,= ! d]ivation ( our article ,,!1 :i* he calls an adjective1 ,dr4 ,web/] 0 satisfi$ ) giv+ ?is h9t3 ,sax4 !2 ,dut*1 de4--,am]4 ,dict4 ,accord+ to ,horne ,tooke1 ?is def9ite article ( ours1 is ! ,saxon v]b ,,!1 imp]ative1 f ,,!an1 to take2 & is ne>ly equival5t 9 mean+ to t or ^?1 because our t is ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ,,!an1 & means tak54--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #di4 ,b ?is is n v satisfactory4 ,exam9+ anci5t works1 we f9d ! ^w1 or some?+ resembl+ x1 or ak9 to x1 writt5 9 v>i\s =ms1 z se1 see1 ye1 te1 de1 !1 ?1 & o!rs t _c be %[n by our mod]n lett]s2 &1 trac+ x z "o article1 or "o & ! same ^w1 ?r\gh :at we suppose to be ! olde/ ( ^! =ms1 9 /ead ( acc\nt+ ! =ms z signs ( diff]5t roots1 we %\ld soon] reg>d x z orig9at+ 9 ! imp]ative ( ,,seon1 to see4 #b4 ,,an1 our indef9ite article1 is ! ,saxon o51 ane1 an1 ,,"o2 &1 by dropp+ n be=e a consonant1 becomes a4 ,gaw9 ,d\glas1 an anci5t ,engli% writ]1 wrote ane1 ev5 be=e a consonant2 z1 ,ane book1--,ane lang sp]e1--,ane volume4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,! words ( ,tooke1 conc]n+ ! d]ivation ( ,t & ,!1 z ne>ly z !y c be giv5 9 our lett]s1 are ^!3 ,,t 79 ! ,anglo-,saxon ,?t1 i4e4 ,!ad1 ,!at7 means tak51 assum$2 be+ m]ely ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! ,anglo-,saxon v]b ,!an1 ,!gan1 ,?ion1 ,?ihan1 ,?icgan1 ,?igian2 sum]e1 assum]e1 accip]e2 to ,,!1 to get1 to take1 to assume4 ',ill mote he ,,! ,t caus$ me ,to make myselfe a fr]e4'--,sir ,t4 ,m's ,workes1 pag4 #d4 ,,! 7our article1 z x is call$7 is ! imp]ative ( ! same v]b ,!an3 :i* may v well supply ! place ( ! correspond5t ,anglo-,saxon article ,se1 :i* is ! imp]ative ( ,seon1 vid]e3 = x answ]s ! same purpose 9 disc\rse1 to say4444 see man1 or take man4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #di4 ,,obs4 #b4--,n[1 betwe5 ,?t & ,!at1 !re is a consid]able diff]5ce ( =m1 = & ea are n ! same diph?ong2 &1 9 ! id5tify+ ( s _m inf9itives1 z =m+ b "o v]b1 !re is room = error4 ,nor is x half s probable t ^! are truly "o root1 z t our article ,! is ! same1 9 its orig91 z ! old ,anglo-,saxon ,se4 ,dr4 ,boswor?1 9 8 ,anglo-,saxon ,diction>y1 gives no su* ^w z ,!an or ,!gan1 no su* p>ticiple z ,!ad or ,!at1 :i* d]ivative is p]haps imag9>y2 b he has ins]t$ toge!r ,?icgan1 ?icgean1 ?igan1 to receive1 or take2 & sep>ately1 ,!on1 to ?rive1 or fl\ri%1--,?ihan1 to ?rive1--& ,?ion1 to fl\ri%2 z well z ! pret]it ,!at1 h[l$1 f ,!otan1 to h[l4 ,& is x n pla91 t ! old v]b ,,!1 z us$ by ,m1 is f ,!on1 to ?rive1 r ?an f ,?icgan1 to take8 ,ill mote he ,,!--,ill might he ?rive1 n1 ,ill might he take4 ,,obs4 #c4--,pr(essor ,h>t says1 ,! ^w ! 0 orig9ally ?t1 or t4 ,9 c\rse ( "t 1 x became abbreviat$1 & ! %ort =m acquir$1 9 usage1 a %ade ( mean+ diff]5t f ! orig9al long "o4 ,t is demon/rative ) emphasis2 ! is demon/rative )\t emphasis4--,h>t's ,e4 ,gramm>1 p4 #cb4 ,?is d]ivation ( ,! is q improbable2 because ! %ort5+ ( a monosyllable ( five lett]s by /rik+ out ! ?ird & ! fif?1 is no usual mode ( abbreviation4 ,boswor?'s ,diction>y expla9s ,,! z ,an indecl9able article1 (t5 us$ = all ! cases ( ,se1 seo1 ?t1 especially 9 adv]bial expressions & 9 corrupt ,anglo-,saxon1 z 9 ! ,*ronicle aft] ! ye> #aach4 ,,obs4 #d--;,dr4 ,la?am1 9 a section :i* is evid5tly nei!r accurate nor self-consi/5t1 tea*es u--t !re exi/ 9 ! pres5t ,engli% two p[]s ( ! ^w spell$ t-h-e1 or ( ! s-call$ def9ite article2 !n1 out ( sixte5 ,anglo-,saxon equival5ts1 he selects two = ! roots ( ?is d\ble-p[]$ !2 say+1 ,h5ce ! ! t has orig9at$ out ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ?y is "o ^w2 :il/ ! ! t has orig9at$ out ( ! ,anglo-,saxon !1 is ano!r4 ,! latt] is ! common article3 ! =m] ! ! 9 expressions l all ! m1 all ! bett]--m by all t1 bett] by all t1 & ! ,lat9 phrases eo majus1 eo melius4--,la?am's ,h&-,book1 p4 #aeh4 ,?is d\ble d]ivation is liable to _m objections4 ,! ,h&-,book aft]w>ds says1 ,t !1 9 expressions l all ! m1 all ! bett]1 c41 is no article1 has already be5 %[n4--,p4 #aif4 ,b 9 fact1 ?\gh ! be=e comp>atives or sup]latives be no article1 ,dr4 ,la?am's etymologies prove no su* ?+2 nei!r does he any:]e tell u :at x is4 ,8 examples1 too1 ) _! int]pretations1 are all ( !m fictiti\s1 ambigu\s1 & o!rwise bad4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r he meant 8 phrases = c\nt]p>ts to ea* o!r or n4 ,if ! means by t1 or !reby1 x is an adv]b2 & s is its equival5t eo d5om9at$ by ! ,lat9 gramm>ians4 ,see ,,obs4 #aj1 "u ,rule ,i4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,n\ns4 ,9 ,engli%1 ,n\ns are d]iv$ f n\ns1 f adjectives1 f v]bs1 or f p>ticiples4 ,i4 ,n\ns are d]iv$ f ,n\ns 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( %ip1 dom1 ric1 wick1 or1 ate1 hood1 or head3 z1 fell[1 fell[%ip2 k+1 k+dom2 bi%op1 bi%opric2 bailiff1 or baily1 bailiwick2 s5ate1 s5ator2 tetr>*1 tetr>*ate2 *ild1 *ildhood2 ,god1 ,godhead4 ,^! g5]ally d5ote dom9ion1 (fice1 or "*4 #b4 ,by ! add+ ( ian3 z1 music1 musician2 physic1 physician2 !ology1 !ologian2 gramm>1 gramm>ian2 college1 collegian4 ,^! g5]ally d5ote pr(ession4 #c4 ,by ! add+ ( r1 ry1 or ery3 z1 groc]1 groc]y2 cutl]1 cutl]y2 slave1 slav]y2 sc5e1 sc5]y2 fool1 fool]y4 ,^! sometimes d5ote /ate or habit2 sometimes1 an artific]'s w>es or %op4 #d4 ,by ! add+ ( age or ade3 z1 patron1 patronage2 port]1 port]age2 b&1 b&age2 lemon1 lemonade2 balu/]1 balu/rade2 :>f1 :>fage2 vassal1 vassalage4 #e4 ,by ! add+ ( k91 let1 l+1 ock1 el1 erel1 or et3 z1 lamb1 lambk92 r+1 r+let2 cross1 crosslet2 duck1 duckl+2 hill1 hillock2 run1 runnel2 cock1 cock]el2 pi/ol1 pi/olet2 eagle1 eaglet2 circle1 circlet4 ,all ^! d5ote little ?+s1 & are call$ dim9utives4 #f4 ,by ! addition ( i/3 z1 psalm1 psalmi/2 botany1 botani/2 dial1 diali/2 j\rnal1 j\rnali/4 ,^! d5ote p]sons devot$ to1 or skill$ 91 ! subject express$ by ! primitive4 #g4 ,by ! prefix+ ( an adjective1 or an o!r n\n1 s z to =m a comp\nd ^w3 z1 =eman1 broadsword1 /atesman1 tradesman2 b$side1 hillside1 seaside2 be>-b]ry1 be>-fly1 be>-g>d52 be>'s-e>1 be>'s-foot1 goat's-be>d4 #h4 ,by ! adoption ( a negative prefix to rev]se ! mean+3 z1 ord]1 disord]2 pleasure1 displeasure2 consi/5cy1 inconsi/5cy2 capacity1 incapacity2 obs]vance1 nonobs]vance2 resi/ance1 nonresi/ance2 tru?1 untru?2 con/ra9t1 uncon/ra9t4 #i4 ,by ! use ( ! prefix c\nt]1 signify+ aga9/ or opposite3 z1 attraction1 c\nt]-attraction2 bond1 c\nt]-bond2 curr5t1 c\nt]-curr5t2 movem5t1 c\nt]-movem5t4 #aj4 ,by ! addition ( ess1 ix1 or ine1 or ! *ang+ ( mascul9es to fem99es s t]m9at+3 z1 heir1 heiress2 prophet1 prophetess2 abbot1 abbess2 gov]nor1 gov]ness2 te/ator1 te/atrix2 h]o1 h]o9e4 ,,ii4 ,n\ns are d]iv$ f ,adjectives 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( ness1 ity1 %ip1 dom1 or hood3 z1 good1 goodness2 real1 reality2 h>d1 h>d%ip2 wise1 wisdom2 free1 fre$om2 false1 falsehood4 #b4 ,by ! *ang+ ( t into ce or cy3 z1 radiant1 radiance2 consequ5t1 consequ5ce2 flagrant1 flagrancy2 curr5t1 curr5cy2 discrepant1 discrepance1 or discrepancy4 #c4 ,by ! *ang+ ( "s ( ! lett]s1 & ! add+ ( t or ?3 z1 long1 l5g?2 broad1 bread?2 wide1 wid?2 high1 height4 ,! n\ns includ$ "u ^! ?ree heads1 g5]ally d5ote ab/ract qualities1 & are call$ ab/ract n\ns4 #d4 ,by ! add+ ( ard3 z1 drunk1 drunk>d2 dull1 dull>d4 ,^! d5ote ill "*4 #e4 ,by ! add+ ( i/3 z1 s5sual1 s5suali/2 sep>ate1 sep>ati/2 royal1 royali/2 fatal1 fatali/4 ,^! d5ote p]sons devot$1 addict$1 or atta*$1 to some?+4 #f4 ,by ! add+ ( a1 ! ,lat9 end+ ( neut] plurals1 to c]ta9 prop] adjectives 9 an3 z1 ,miltonian1 ,miltoniana2 ,johnsonian1 ,johnsoniana4 ,^! lit]ally mean1 ,miltonian ?+s1 say+s1 or anecdotes1 c42 & are words some:at fa%ionable ) ! j\rnali/s1 & are sometimes us$ = titles ( books t ref] to table-talk4 ,,iii4 ,n\ns are d]iv$ f ,v]bs 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( m5t1 ance1 ence1 ure1 or age3 z1 puni%1 puni%m5t2 abate1 abatem5t2 rep5t1 rep5tance2 condole1 condol5ce2 =feit1 =feiture2 /[1 /[age2 equip1 equipage2 truck1 truckage4 #b4 ,by a *ange ( ! t]m9ation ( ! v]b1 into se1 ce1 sion1 tion1 ation1 or ition3 z1 exp&1 expanse1 expansion2 pret5d1 pret5ce1 pret5sion2 inv5t1 inv5tion2 create1 creation2 omit1 omission2 provide1 provision2 re=m1 re=mation2 oppose1 opposition4 ,^! d5ote ei!r ! act ( do+1 or ! ?+ done4 #c4 ,by ! add+ ( er or or3 z1 hunt1 hunt]2 write1 writ]2 collect1 collector2 ass]t1 ass]tor2 in/ruct1 in/ruct]1 or in/ructor4 ,^! g5]ally d5ote ! do]4 ,to d5ote ! p]son to :om some?+ is done1 we sometimes =m a d]ivative end+ 9 ee3 z1 promisee1 mortgagee1 appellee1 consignee4 #d4 ,n\ns & ,v]bs are sometimes alike 9 or?ography1 b diff]5t 9 pronunciation3 z1 a h\se1 to h\se2 a use1 to use2 a reb'el1 to rebel'2 a rec'ord1 to record'2 a cem'ent1 to cem5t'4 ,( su* pairs1 x may (t5 be difficult to say :i* ^w is ! primitive4 #e4 ,9 _m in/ances1 n\ns & v]bs are :olly alike z to =m & s\nd1 & are di/+ui%$ by _! s5se & con/ruction only3 z1 love1 to love2 fe>1 to fe>2 sleep1 to sleep2--to revise1 a revise2 to rebuke1 a rebuke4 ,9 ^!1 we h b ! same ^w us$ diff]5tly4 ,,iv4 ,n\ns are (t5 d]iv$ f ,p>ticiples 9 +2 z1 a meet+1 ! und]/&+1 murmur+s1 disput+s1 say+s1 & do+s3 &1 occasionally1 "o is =m$ f su* a ^w & an adv]b or a p]fect p>ticiple jo9$ ) x2 z1 ,! turn+-away1--,8 go+s-=?1--,y\r hav+-boa/$ ( x4 ,,section ,,iii4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,adjectives4 ,9 ,engli%1 ,adjectives are d]iv$ f n\ns1 f adjectives1 f v]bs1 or f p>ticiples4 ,i4 ,adjectives are d]iv$ f ,n\ns 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( ous1 i\s1 e\s1 y1 ey1 ic1 al1 ical or ine3 7sometimes ) an omission or *ange ( "s ( ! f9al lett]s37 z1 dang]1 dang]\s2 glory1 glori\s2 "r1 righte\s2 rock1 rocky2 clay1 clayey2 poet1 poetic1 or poetical2 nation1 national2 me?od1 me?odical2 v]tex1 v]tical2 cl]gy1 cl]ical2 adamant1 adamant9e4 ,adjectives ?us =m$1 g5]ally apply ! prop]ties ( _! primitives1 to ! n\ns to :i* !y relate4 #b4 ,by ! add+ ( ful3 z1 fe>1 fe>ful2 *e]1 *e]ful2 grace1 graceful2 %ame1 %ameful2 p[]1 p[]ful4 ,^! come almo/ entirely f p]sonal qualities or feel+s1 & d5ote abundance4 #c4 ,by ! add+ ( "s3 z1 burd51 burd5some2 game1 gamesome2 toil1 toilsome4 ,^! d5ote pl5ty1 b d n exagg]ate4 #d4 ,by ! add+ ( en3 z1 oak1 oak52 silk1 silk52 :eat1 :eat52 oat1 oat52 hemp1 hemp54 ,"h ! d]ivative d5otes ! matt] ( :i* some?+ is made4 #e4 ,by ! add+ ( ly or i%3 z1 fri5d1 fri5dly2 g5tleman1 g5tlemanly2 *ild1 *ildi%2 prude1 prudi%4 ,^! d5ote resemblance4 ,! t]m9ation ly signifies l4 #f4 ,by ! add+ ( able or ible3 z1 fa%ion1 fa%ionable2 access1 accessible4 ,b ^! t]m9ations are g5]ally1 & m prop]ly1 add$ to v]bs4 ,see ,obs4 #ag?1 #ah?1 c41 on ! ,rules = ,spell+4 #g4 ,by ! add+ ( less3 z1 h\se1 h\seless2 dea?1 dea?less2 sleep1 sleepless2 bottom1 bottomless4 ,^! d5ote privation or exemption--! abs5ce ( :at is nam$ by ! primitive4 #h4 ,by ! add+ ( ed3 z1 sa9t1 sa9t$2 bigot1 bigot$2 ma/1 ma/$2 wit1 witt$4 ,^! h a resemblance to p>ticiples1 & "s ( !m are r>ely us$1 except :5 jo9$ ) "s o!r ^w to =m a comp\nd adjective3 z1 ?ree-sid$1 b>e-foot$1 long-e>$1 hundr$-h&$1 flat-nos$1 h>d-he>t$1 m>ble-he>t$1 *ick5-he>t$4 #i4 ,adjectives com+ f prop] names1 take v>i\s t]m9ations3 z1 ,am]ica1 ,am]ican2 ,engl&1 ,engli%2 ,dane1 ,dani%2 ,portugal1 ,portuguese2 ,plato1 ,platonic4 #aj4 ,n\ns are (t5 conv]t$ into adjectives1 )\t *ange ( t]m9ation3 z1 pap] curr5cy2 a gold *a92 silv] knee-buckles4 ,,ii4 ,adjectives are d]iv$ f ,adjectives 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( i% or "s3 z1 :ite1 :iti%2 gre51 gre5i%2 lone1 lonesome2 glad1 gladsome4 ,^! d5ote quality ) "s dim9ution4 #b4 ,by ! prefix+ ( dis1 91 or un3 z1 hone/1 di%one/2 consi/5t1 inconsi/5t2 wise1 unwise4 ,^! express a negation ( ! quality d5ot$ by _! primitives4 #c4 ,by ! add+ ( y or ly3 z1 sw>?1 sw>?y2 good1 goodly4 ,( ^! !re are b few2 = almo/ all ! d]ivatives ( ! latt] =m are adv]bs4 ,,iii4 ,adjectives are d]iv$ f ,v]bs 9 sev]al diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( able or ible3 7sometimes ) a *ange ( "s ( ! f9al lett]s37 z1 p]i%1 p]i%able2 v>y1 v>iable2 conv]t1 conv]tible2 divide1 divisible1 or dividable4 ,^!1 accord+ to _! analogy1 h usually a passive import1 & d5ote susceptibility ( receiv+ action4 #b4 ,by ! add+ ( ive or ory3 7sometimes ) a *ange ( "s ( ! f9al lett]s37 z1 elect1 elective2 int]rogate1 int]rogative1 int]rogatory2 def5d1 def5sive2 defame1 defamatory2 expla91 explanatory4 #c4 ,words end+ 9 ate1 are mo/ly v]bs2 b "s ( !m may be employ$ z adjectives1 9 ! same =m1 especially 9 poetry2 z1 reprobate1 complicate4 ,,iv4 ,adjectives are d]iv$ f ,p>ticiples1 n by suffixes1 b 9 ^! ways3-- #a4 ,by ! prefix+ ( un1 mean+ n2 z1 unyield+1 unreg>d$1 unres]v$1 un5d[$1 un5de>$1 un5dors$1 un5c\nt]$1 un5cumb]$1 undi%e>t5$1 undi%on\r$4 ,( ?is sort !re are v _m4 #b4 ,by a comb9+ ( ! p>ticiple ) "s ^w :i* does n belong to ! v]b2 z1 way-f>+1 holl[-s\nd+1 long-drawn1 deep-laid1 de>-pur*as$1 d[n-trodd54 ,^!1 too1 are num]\s4 #c4 ,p>ticiples (t5 become adjectives )\t *ange ( =m4 ,su* adjectives are di/+ui%$ f p>ticiples by _! con/ruction alone3 z1 ,a la/+ ornam5t2--,! />v+ *ymi/2--,words ( le>n$ l5g?2--,) c\nt]feit$ glee4 ,,section ,,iv4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,! ,,pron\ns4 ,i4 ,! ,engli% ,pron\ns are all ( ,saxon orig92 b1 9 !m1 our language diff]s v /rik+ly f t ( ! ,anglo-,saxons4 ,! foll[+ table comp>es ! simple p]sonal =ms3-- ,eng4 ,i1 ,my or ,me2 ,we1 ,our or ,u4 ,m9e1 ,ours1 ,sax4 ,ic1 ,m91 ,me or ,we1 ,ure or ,u4 ,mec2 ,us]1 ,eng4 ,?\1 ,?y or ,!e2 ,ye1 ,y\r ,y4 ,?9e1 or ,y\rs1 ,sax4 ,?u1 ,?91 ,! or ,ge ,e[]1 ,e[ or ,!c2 ,e[ie4 ,eng4 ,he1 ,8 ,him2 ,!y1 ,_! or ,!m4 ,!irs1 ,sax4 ,he1 ,8 or ,him or ,hi or ,hira or ,heom or ,hys1 ,h9e2 ,hig1 ,heora1 ,hi4 ,eng4 ,%e1 ,h] or ,h]2 ,!y1 ,_! or ,!m4 ,h]s1 ,!irs1 ,sax4 ,heo1 ,hire or ,hi2 ,hi or ,hira or ,heom or ,hyre1 ,hig1 ,heora1 ,hi4 ,eng4 ,x1 ,its1 ,x2 ,!y1 ,_! or ,!m4 ,!irs1 ,sax4 ,hit1 ,8 or ,hit2 ,hi or ,hira or ,heom or ,hys1 ,hig1 ,heora1 ,hi4 ,"h1 z 9 ! p]sonal pron\ns ( o!r languages1 ! plurals & oblique cases d n all appe> to be regul> d]ivatives f ! nom9ative s+ul>4 ,_m ( ^! pron\ns1 p]haps all1 z well z a va/ numb] ( o!r words ( frequ5t use 9 our language1 & 9 t f :i* x *iefly comes1 7 v v>i\sly writt5 by ! ,middle ,engli%1 ,old ,engli%1 ,semi-,saxon1 & ,anglo-,saxon au?ors4 ,he :o traces ! hi/ory ( our language1 w meet ) !m "u all ! foll[+ =ms1 7or su* z ^! w\ld be ) ,saxon *>act]s = ! ,saxon =ms17 & p]haps 9 m3-- #a4 ,i1 ,j1 ,y1 y1 i1 ay1 ic1 *e1 i*1 ,ic2--,,my1 mi1 m91 ,,m9e1 myne1 myn2--,,me1 mee1 me1 meh1 mec1 me*2--,,we1 wee1 ve2--,,our or ,,ours1 oure1 ure1 w]1 ur91 ur51 urne1 us]1 usse1 uss]1 usses1 ussum2--,u1 ous1 vs1 uss1 usic1 usi*1 usig1 usih1 uz1 huz4 #b4 ,,?\1 ?\e1 ?[1 ?[e1 ?u1 t\1 to1 tu2--,,?y or ,,?9e1 ?i1 ?yne1 ?yn1 ?92--,,!e1 !1 !h1 !c2--,,ye1 yee1 yhe1 ze1 zee1 ge1 ghe2--,,y\r or ,,y\rs1 y\re1 z\r1 hure1 g\re1 y]1 y[]1 y[y]1 yorn1 y\rn1 y\re1 e[]2--,y1 y\e1 y[1 g\1 z\1 ou1 iu1 iuh1 e[1 i[1 ge[1 e[ih1 e[ic1 i[ih4 #c4 ,,he1 hee1 hie1 se2--,81 hise1 is1 hys1 ys1 hyse1 hus2--,,him1 h9e1 hi5e1 hion1 h51 hyne1 hym1 im2--,,!y1 ?ay1 !i1 !1 ?a1 ?ai1 ?ii1 yai1 hi1 hie1 heo1 hig1 hyg1 hy2--,,_! or ,,!irs1 !r1 !yr1 !yrs1 ?air1 ?>e1 !ora1 h>e1 "h1 h]1 hir1 hire1 hira1 hiora1 hi]a1 heora1 hyra2--,,!m1 ?ym1 !ym1 ?aym1 ?aim1 ?ame1 ?am1 em1 hem1 heom1 hiom1 eom1 hom1 him1 hi1 hig4 #d4 ,,%e1 %ee1 s*e1 s*o1 %o1 %oe1 sc1 seo1 heo1 hio1 hiu1 hoo1 hue2--,,h]1 7possessive17 hur1 hir1 hire1 hyr1 hyre1 hyra1 h]a2--,,h]1 7objective17 hire1 hyre1 hur1 hir1 hi4 ,! plural =ms ( ?is fem99e pron\n are l ^? ( ! mascul9e ,he2 b ! ,well-,wi%]s to ,k1 9 _! small ,gramm>1 7errone\sly1 z ,i suppose17 make hira mascul9e only1 & heora fem99e only4 ,see _! ,pr9ciples ( ,gramm>1 p4 #ch4 #e4 ,,x1 yt1 itt1 hit1 hyt1 hytt4 ,! possessive ,its is a mod]n d]ivative2 ,8 or ,hys 0 =m]ly us$ 9 lieu ( x4 ,! plural =ms ( ?is neut] pron\n1 ,x1 are l ^? ( ,he & ,%e4 ,accord+ to ,horne ,tooke1 :o decl>es hoet to h be5 "o ( its anci5t =ms1 ?is pron\n 0 m]ely ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b ,,haitan1 htan1 nom9>e1 to "n1 & lit]ally signifies ! said2 7,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #df2 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #eg27 b ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray1 exhibit+ x 9 an o!r =m1 n adapt$ to ?is op9ion1 makes x ! neut] ( a decl9able adjective1 or pron\n1 inflect$ f ! mascul9e1 ?us3 ,he1 heo hita1 ?is--,hi/4 ( ,lang41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cae4 ,,ii4 ,! relatives & int]rogatives are d]iv$ f ! same s\rce1 ! ,anglo-,saxon tongue1 & h pass$ ?r\gh simil> *anges1 or v>ieties 9 or?ography2 b1 ! common relative pron\n ( ! ,anglo-,saxons be+ l _! article !1--or1 ) ! ?ree g5d]s1 se1 seo1 ?t1--& n l our :o1 :i*1 & :at1 x is probable t ! int]rogative use ( ^! words 0 ! primitive "o4 ,!y h be5 f\nd 9 all ! foll[+ =ms3-- #a4 ,,:o1 ho1 hue1 :a1 hwa1 hua1 wua1 qua1 quha2--,,^:1 :o's1 :os1 :ois1 :oise1 :eas1 quhois1 quhais1 quhase1 hws2--,,:om1 :ome1 quham1 quhum1 quhome1 hwom1 hwam1 hwm1 hwne1 hwone4 #b4 ,,:i*1 :i*e1 :y*e1 :il*1 wy*1 quil*1 quilk1 quhilk1 hwilc1 hwylc1 hwelc1 :ilk1 huilic1 hvilc4 ,= ! ,anglo-,saxon =ms1 ,dr4 ,boswor?'s ,diction>y gives hwilc1 hwylc1 & hwelc2 b ,pr(essor ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gramm> makes !m huilic & hvilc4--,see p4 #bdj4 ,:ilk1 or quhilk1 is a ,scotti% =m4 #c4 ,,:at1 hwat1 hwet1 quhat1 hwt4 ,?is pron\n1 :e!r relative or int]rogative1 is reg>d$ by ,boswor? & o!rs z a neut] d]ivative f ! mascul9e or fem9e sic--,,k? hwa1 :o4 ,x may h be5 !nce d]iv$1 b1 9 mod]n ,engli%1 x is n always ( ! neut] g5d]4 ,see ! la/ note on page #cab4 #d4 ,,t1 ,anglo-,saxon ,?t4 ,tooke's notion ( ! d]ivation ( ?is ^w is notic$ above 9 ! section on ,articles4 ,!re is no c]ta9ty ( its tru?2 & our lexicograph]s make no allusion to x4 ,w4 ,all5 reaffirms x4 ,see 8 ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--;,9 ! ,well-,wi%]s' ,gramm>1 7p4 #ci17 z also 9 ,l4 ,murray's & "s o!rs1 ! pron\n ,:i* is v /rangely & errone\sly repres5t$ z be+ always ( ! neut] g5d]4 7,see :at is said ( ?is ^w 9 ! ,introduction1 ,*ap4 ix1 #cb47 ,:]eas x is ! relative mo/ g5]ally appli$ to brute animals1 &1 9 our common v]sion ( ! ,bible1 its application to p]sons is peculi>ly frequ5t4 ,f[l] says1 ,9 its orig9 x is a ,comp\nd4--,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bdj4 ,tak+ its fir/ ,anglo-,saxon =m to be ,huilic1 he ?9ks x traceable to hwa1 :o1 or its ablative hwi1 & lie1 l4--,ib4 ,if ?is is "r1 ! neut] s5se is n its primitive import1 or any "p ( x4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,f its v>i\s uses1 ! ^w ,t is call$ sometimes a pron\n1 sometimes an adjective1 & sometimes a conjunction2 b1 9 respect to d]ivation1 x is1 d\btless1 "o & ! same4 ,z a relative pron\n1 x is ( ei!r numb]1 & has no plural =m diff]5t f ! s+ul>2 z1 ,bless$ is ! man t he>e? me4--,prov41 viii1 #cd4 ,bless$ are !y t m\rn4--,matt41 v1 #d4 ,z an adjective1 x is said by ,tooke to h be5 =m]ly appli$ indiff]5tly to plural n\ns & to s+ul>2 z1 ',into t holy ord]s4'--,dr4 ,m>t94 ',at t dayes4'--,id4 ',t euyll aungels ! d5illes4'--,sir ,?o4 ,m4 ',?is pleasure und\bt$ly f>re excelle? all t pleasures t 9 ?is life maie be obte9$4'--,id4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 pp4 #dg & #dh4 ,! introduction ( ! plural =m ^?1 mu/ h r5d]$ ?is usage bad ,engli%4 ,,section ,v4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,v]bs4 ,9 ,engli%1 ,v]bs are d]iv$ f n\ns1 f adjectives1 or f v]bs4 ,i4 ,v]bs are d]iv$ f ,n\ns 9 ! foll[+ diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( ize1 ise1 en1 or ate3 z1 au?or1 au?orize2 critic1 criticise2 l5g?1 l5g!n2 orig91 orig9ate4 ,! t]m9ation ize is ( ,greek orig91 & ise is mo/ probably ( ,fr5*3 ! =m] is g5]ally pref]able 9 =m+ ,engli% d]ivatives2 b bo? are sometimes to be us$1 & !y %\ld be appli$ accord+ to ,rule #ac? = ,spell+4 #b4 ,"s few v]bs are d]iv$ f n\ns by ! *ang+ ( a %>p or h>d consonant to a flat or s(t "o1 or by ! add+ ( a mute e1 to s(t5 a h>d s\nd3 z1 advice1 advise2 price1 prize2 ba?1 ba!2 clo?1 clo!2 brea?1 brea!2 wrea?1 wrea!2 %ea?1 %ea!2 grass1 graze4 ,,ii4 ,v]bs are d]iv$ f ,adjectives 9 ! foll[+ diff]5t ways3-- #a4 ,by ! add+ ( ize or en3 z legal1 legalize2 immortal1 immortalize2 civil1 civilize2 human1 humanize2 famili>1 famili>ize2 p>ticul>1 p>ticul>ize2 deaf1 deaf52 /iff1 /iff52 r\gh1 r\gh52 deep1 deep52 weak1 weak54 #b4 ,_m adjectives become v]bs by be+ m]ely us$ & inflect$ z v]bs3 z1 w>m1 to w>m1 he w>ms2 dry1 to dry1 he dries2 dull1 to dull1 he dulls2 slack1 to slack1 he slacks2 =w>d1 to =w>d1 he =w>ds4 ,,iii4 ,v]bs are d]iv$ f ,v]bs 9 ! foll[+ modes1 or ways3-- #a4 ,by ! prefix+ ( dis or un to rev]se ! mean+3 z1 please1 displease2 qualify1 disqualify2 organize1 disorganize2 fa/51 unfa/52 muzzle1 unmuzzle2 n]ve1 unn]ve4 #b4 ,by ! prefix+ ( a1 be1 =1 =e1 mis1 ov]1 out1 "u1 up1 or )3 z1 rise1 arise2 spr9kle1 bespr9kle2 bid1 =bid2 see1 =esee2 take1 mi/ake2 look1 ov]look2 run1 outrun2 g1 und]go2 hold1 uphold2 draw1 )draw4 ,,section ,,vi4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,all ,engli% ,p>ticiples are d]iv$ f ,engli% v]bs1 9 ! mann] expla9$ 9 ,*apt] #g?1 "u ! g5]al head ( ,etymology2 & :5 =eign p>ticiples are introduc$ into our language1 !y are n p>ticiples ) u1 b belong to "s o!r class ( words1 or "p ( spee*4 ,,section ,,vii4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,adv]bs4 #a4 ,9 ,engli%1 _m ,adv]bs are d]iv$ f adjectives by ! addition ( ly3 :i* is an abbreviation = l1 & :i*1 ?\gh ! addition ( x to a n\n =ms an adjective1 is ! mo/ di/9ctive z well z ! mo/ common t]m9ation ( our adv]bs3 z1 c&id1 c&idly2 sordid1 sordidly2 presumptu\s1 presumptu\sly4 ,mo/ adv]bs ( mann] are ?us =m$4 #b4 ,_m adv]bs are comp\nds =m$ f two or m ,engli% words2 z1 h]e91 !reby1 to-day1 always1 already1 else:]e1 sometimes1 :]e)al4 ,! =mation & ! mean+ ( ^! are1 9 g5]al1 suffici5tly obvi\s4 #c4 ,ab\t sev5ty adv]bs are =m$ by means ( ! prefix1 or insep>able preposition1 a2 z1 ,abrea/1 abroa*1 abroad1 across1 af>1 afield1 ago1 agog1 al&1 along1 amiss1 atilt4 #d4 ,ne$s1 z an adv]b1 is a contraction ( ne$ is2 pri!e1 or pr'y!e1 ( ,i pray !e2 alone1 ( all "o2 only1 ( "o-l2 anon1 ( ! ,saxon an on2 i4e41 9 "o in/ant2 nev]1 ( ne ev]2 i4e41 n ev]4 ,pr(4 ,gibbs1 9 ,f[l]'s ,gramm>1 makes ne$s ! ,g5itive case ( ! n\n ne$4--,p4 #caa4 #e4 ,v is f ! ,fr5* v]ay1 or vrai1 true2 & ?is1 probably1 f ! ,lat9 v]us4 ,r appe>s to be ! regul> comp>ative ( ! anci5t ra?1 soon1 quickly1 will+ly2 :i* comes f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,ra!1 or ,hra!1 ( "o's own accord4--,boswor?4 ,b ! p>5t language _h also ,hra?re1 to a m9d4--,id4 ,t is1 to "o's m9d1 or1 p]haps1 m will+ly4 ,,obs]vations4 ,,obs4 #a4--,_m ( our mo/ common adv]bs are ( ,anglo-,saxon d]ivation1 be+ pla9ly traceable to c]ta9 v old =ms1 ( ! same import1 :i* ! etymologi/ reg>ds b z ! same words diff]5tly spell$3 z1 ,all1 eall1 eal1 or ll2 ,almo/1 ealm/1 or lm/2 ,also1 ealswa1 or lswa2 ,else1 elles2 ,else:]e1 elle%wr2 ,en\gh1 g5og1 or g5oh2 ,ev51 eu51 ef51 or f52 ,ev]1 eu]1 f]1 or fre2 ,d[nw>d1 dunewe>d2 ,=w>d1 =we>d1 or =ewe>d2 ,homew>d1 hamwe>d2 ,homew>ds1 hamwe>des2 ,h[1 hu2 ,little1 lytel2 ,less1 ls2 ,lea/1 l/2 ,no1 na2 ,n1 noht1 or no*t2 ,out1 ut1 or ute2 ,s1 swa2 ,/ill1 /ille1 or /ylle2 ,!n1 !nne2 ,!re1 !r1 ?>1 ?r2 ,?i!r1 ?id]1 or ?yd]2 ,?us1 ?uss1 or ?us2 ,toge!r1 togd]e1 or togdre2 ,too1 t2 ,:51 hw5ne1 or hwnne2 ,:]e1 hwr2 ,:i!r1 hwid]1 hwyd]1 or hwy!r2 ,yea1 ia1 gea1 or gee2 ,yes1 gese1 gise1 or gyse4 ,,obs4 #b4--;,accord+ to ,horne ,tooke1 ,/ill & ,else are ! imp]atives ,/ell & ,ales ( _! respective v]bs ,/ellan1 to put1 & ,alesan1 to dismiss4--,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aaa4 ,he aft]w>ds repeats ! doctr9e ?us3 ,/ill is only ! imp]ative ,/ell or ,/eall1 ( ,/ellan or ,/eallian1 pon]e4--,ib41 p4 #adf4 ,?is ^w ,else1 =m]ly writt5 alles1 alys1 alyse1 elles1 ellus1 ellis1 ells1 els1 & n[ else2 is1 z ,i h said1 no o!r ?an ,ales or ,alys1 ! imp]ative ( ,alesan or ,alysan1 dimitt]e4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 ,^! ult]ior & remote etymologies are p]haps too conjectural4 ,,section ,,viii4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,conjunctions4 ,! ,engli% ,conjunctions are mo/ly ( ,anglo-,saxon orig94 ,! be/ etymological vocabul>ies ( our language give u1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! same words 9 ,anglo-,saxon *>act]s2 b ,horne ,tooke1 9 8 ,div]sions ( ,purley1 7a le>n$ & curi\s "w :i* ! advanc$ /ud5t may p]use ) advantage17 traces1 or pr(esses to trace1 ^! & _m o!r ,engli% p>ticles1 to ,saxon v]bs or p>ticiples4 ,! foll[+ d]ivations1 s f> z !y p>take ( su* speculations1 are (f]$ pr9cipally on 8 au?ority3-- #a4 ,,al?\gh1 signify+ admit1 all[1 is f all & ?\gh2 ! latt] be+ suppos$ ! imp]ative ( ,?afian or ,?afigan1 to all[1 to conc$e1 to yield4 #b4 ,,an1 an obsolete or antiquat$ conjunction1 signify+ if1 or grant1 is ! imp]ative ( ! ,anglo-,saxon v]b ,anan or ,unan1 to grant1 to give4 #c4 ,,&1 ,saxon1 ,&1 add1 is said by ,tooke to come f ,an-ad1 ! imp]ative ( ,ananad1 ,d>e cong]iem4--,d4 ( ,p41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aaa4 ,t is1 ,to give ! heap4 ,! tru? ( ?is1 if unapp>5t1 ,i mu/ leave s4 #d4 ,,z1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson1 is f ! ,teutonic als2 b ,tooke says t als itself is a contraction = all & ! orig9al p>ticle es or z1 mean+ x1 t1 or :i*4 #e4 ,,because1 f be & cause1 means by cause2 ! be be+ writt5 = by4 #f4 ,,bo?1 ! two1 is f ! pronom9al adjective bo?2 :i*1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray1 is a contraction ( ! ,visigo?ic ,bago?1 signify+ d\bl$4 ,! ,anglo-,saxons wrote = x butu1 butwu1 buta1 & batwa2 i4 e41 ba1 bo?1 twa1 two4 #g4 ,,b1--79 ,saxon1 bute1 butan1 buton1 or butun--7 mean+ except1 yet1 n[1 only1 else ?an1 t n1 or on ! contr>y1--is ref]r$ by ,tooke & "s o!rs1 to two roots1--ea* ( !m b a conjectural etymon = x4 ,,b1 imply+ addition1 say !y1 is f ,bot1 ! imp]ative ( ,botan1 to boot1 to add2 ,,b1 d5ot+ exception1 is f ,be-utan1 ! imp]ative ( ,beon-utan1 to be out4--,see ,d4 ( ,p41 ,vol4 i1 pp4 #aaa & #aee4 #h4 ,,ei!r1 "o ( ! two1 l ! pronom9al adjective ,,ei!r1 is f ! ,anglo-,saxon !r1 or ,eg!r1 a ^w ( ! same uses1 & ! same import4 #i4 ,,eke1 also1 7n[ ne>ly obsolete17 is f ,eac1 ! imp]ative ( ,eacan1 to add4 #aj4 ,,ev51 :e!r a n\n1 an adjective1 an adv]b1 or a conjunction1 appe>s to come f ! same s\rce1 ! ,anglo-,saxon ^w ,ef5 or f54 #aa4 ,,except1 :i*1 :5 us$ z a conjunction1 means unless1 is ! imp]ative1 or 7accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson7 an anci5t p]fect p>ticiple1 ( ! v]b to except4 #ab4 ,,=1 because1 is f ! ,saxon preposition ,=2 :i*1 to express ?is mean+1 our ance/ors comb9$ ) some?+ else1 r$uc+ to "o ^w "s su* phrase z1 ,= t1 ,= ?is1 ,= ?is t2 z1 ,=?a1 ,=?am1 ,=?an1 ,=?am!1 ,=?an !4--,see ,boswor?'s ,dict4 #ac4 ,,if1 give1 grant1 all[1 is f ,gif1 ! imp]ative ( ! ,anglo-,saxon ,gifan1 to give4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aaa4 #ad4 ,,le/1 t n1 dismiss$1 is f ,les$1 ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ,lesan1 to dismiss4 #ae4 ,,nei!r1 n ei!r1 is a union & contraction ( ne ei!r3 our old writ]s frequ5tly us$ ne = n2 ! ,anglo-,saxons likewise repeat$ x1 us+ ne--ne1 9 lieu ( our corresponsives nei!r--nor2 & our mod]n lexicograph]s /ill note ! ^w1 9 "s ( ^! s5ses4 #af4 ,,nor1 n o!r1 n else1 is suppos$ to be a union & contraction ( ne or4 #ag4 ,,not)/&+1 n h9d]+1 is an ,engli% comp\nd ( obvi\s =mation4 #ah4 ,,or1 an alt]native conjunction1 seems to be a ^w ( no great antiquity4 ,x is suppos$ to be a contraction ( o!r1 :i* ,johnson & 8 foll[]s give1 9 ,saxon *>act]s1 ei!r z its s\rce1 or z its equival5t4 #ai4 ,,provid$1 ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b provide1 becomes occasionally a disjunctive conjunction1 by be+ us$ alone or ) ! p>ticle t1 to introduce a condition1 a sav+ clause1 a proviso4 #bj4 ,,save1 anci5tly us$ ) "s frequ5cy z a conjunction1 9 ! s5se ( b1 or except is f ! imp]ative ( ! ,engli% v]b save1 & is /ill occasionally turn$ to su* a use by ! poets4 #ba4 ,,see+1 sometimes made a copulative conjunction1 is ! imp]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b see4 ,us$ at ! head ( a clause1 & )\t ref]5ce to an ag5t1 x assumes a conjunctive nature4 #bb4 ,,s9ce is conjectur$ by ,tooke to be ! p>ticiple ( ,seon1 to see1 & to mean see+1 see+ t1 se5 t1 or se5 z4--,div]sions ( ,p41 ,vol4 i1 pp4 #aaa & #bbj4 ,b ,johnson & o!rs say1 x has be5 =m$ by contraction f si!nce1 or si? !nce1 f si!1 ,sax4--,joh4 ,dict4 #bc4 ,,?an1 :i* introduces ! latt] t]m ( a comp>ison1 is f ! ,go?ic ?an1 or ! ,anglo-,saxon ?anne1 :i* 0 us$ = ! same purpose4 #bd4 ,,t1 :5 call$ a conjunction1 is said by ,tooke to be etymologically ! same z ! adjective or pron\n ,,t1 ! d]ivation ( :i* is twice spok5 ( above2 b1 9 ,todd's ,johnson's ,diction>y1 z abridg$ by ,*alm]s1 ,,t1 ! conjunction1 is ref]r$ to ?atei1 ,go?ic2 ,,t1 ! pron\n1 to t1 ?ata1 ,go?ic2 ?t1 ,saxon2 dat1 ,dut*4 #be4 ,,!n1 us$ z a conjunction1 is d\btless ! same ^w z ! ,anglo-,saxon ,!nne1 tak5 z an illative1 or ^w ( inf]5ce4 #bf4 ,,?\gh1 all[1 is f ! imp]ative ,?af1 or ,?afig1 ( ! v]b ,?afian or ,?afigan1 to all[4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 pp4 #aaa & #aej4 #bg4 ,,unless1 except1 dismiss1 is f ,onles1 ! imp]ative ( ,onlesan1 to dismiss4--,ib4 #bh4 ,,:e!r1 a corresponsive conjunction1 :i* introduces ! fir/ t]m ( an alt]native1 is f ! ,anglo-,saxon hw!r1 :i* 0 us$ = ! same purpose4 #bi4 ,,yet1 nev]!less1 is f ,get1 ! imp]ative ( ,getan1 to get4--,tooke4 ,,section ,,ix4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,prepositions4 ,! foll[+ are ! pr9cipal ,engli% ,prepositions1 expla9$ 9 ! ord] ( ! li/3-- #a4 ,,abo>d1 mean+ on bo>d (1 is f ! prefix or preposition a & ! n\n bo>d1 :i* "h means ! deck ( a %ip or vessel4 ,abord1 9 ,fr5*1 is approa*1 arrival1 or a l&+4 #b4 ,,ab\t1 ,sax4 ,abtan1 or ,abton1 mean+ ar\nd1 at circuit1 or do+1 is f ! prefix a1 mean+ at1 & ! n\n b\t1 mean+ a turn1 a circuit1 or a trial4 ,9 ,fr5*1 b\t means end2 & ab\t1 end1 or b-end4 #c4 ,,above1 ,sax4 ,abufan1 ,abufon1 ,a-be-ufan4 mean+ ov]1 or1 lit]ally1 at-by-ov]1 or at-by-top1 is f ! ,saxon or ,old ,engli% a1 be1 & ufa1 or ufan1 said to mean high1 upw>ds1 or ! top4 #d4 ,,across1 at cross1 a?w>t1 trav]se1 is f ! prefix a & ! ^w cross4 #e4 ,,aft]1 ,sax4 ft]1 or ftan1 mean+ beh9d1 subsequ5t to1 is1 9 =m1 ! comp>ative ( aft1 a ^w common to seam51 & x may h be5 !nce d]iv$4 #f4 ,,aga9/1 opposite to1 is probably f ! ,anglo-,saxon1 ,ongean1 or ,ongeg51 ea* ( :i* =ms means aga9 or aga9/4 ,z prefixes1 on & a are (t5 equival5t4 #g4 ,,along1 i4e41 at-long1 mean+ l5g?wise (1 ne> to1 is =m$ f a & long4 #h4 ,,amid1 i4 e41 at mid or middle1 is f a & mid2 & ,,amid/ 1 i4e41 at mid/1 is f a & mid/1 contract$ f midde/1 ! sup]lative ( mid4 #i4 ,,among1 mix$ )1 is probably an abbreviation ( among/2 & ,,among/1 accord+ to ,tooke1 is f a & mong/1 or ! old] ,ge-m5eg$1 ,saxon = mix$1 m+l$4 #aj4 ,,ar\nd1 ab\t1 encircl+1 is f a & r\nd1 a circle1 or circuit4 #aa4 ,,at1 gone to1 is suppos$ by "s to come f ! ,lat9 ad2 b ,dr4 ,murray says1 ,we h 9 ,teutonic ,,at = ,,agt1 t\*+ or t\*$1 jo9$1 at4--,hi/4 ( ,lang41 i1 #cdi4 #ab4 ,,a?w>t1 across1 is f a & ?w>t1 cross2 & ?is f ! ,saxon ,?weor4 #ac4 ,,bat+1 a preposition = except1 is ! imp]fect p>ticiple ( bate1 to abate4 #ad4 ,,be=e1 i4e41 by-=e1 9 front (1 is f ! prefix be & ! adjective =e4 #ae4 ,,beh9d1 i4e41 by-h9d1 9 re> (1 is f ! prefix be & ! adjective h9d4 #af4 ,,bel[1 i4e41 by-l[1 mean+ "u1 or b5ea?1 is f be & ! adjective l[4 #ag4 ,,b5ea? 1 ,sax4 or ,old ,eng4 ,b5eo?1 is f be & nea?1 or ,sax4 ,neo!1 l[4 #ah4 ,,beside 1 i4e41 by-side1 is probably f be & ! n\n or adjective side4 #ai4 ,,besides 1 i4e41 by-sides1 is probably f be & ! plural n\n sides4 #bj4 ,,betwe51 ,sax4 ,betweonan1 or ,betwynan1 lit]ally1 by-twa91 seems to h be5 =m$ f be1 by1 & twa91 two--or ! ,saxon ,tweg51 :i* also means two1 twa94 #ba4 ,,betwixt1 mean+ betwe51 ,sax4 ,betweox1 ,betwux1 ,betwyx1 ,betwyxt1 c41 is f be1 by1 & twyx1 orig9ally a ,go?ic ^w signify+ two1 or twa94--,see ,tooke1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cbi4 #bb4 ,,beyond1 pa/1 ,sax4 ,begeond1 is f ! prefix be1 by1 & yond1 ,sax4 ,geond1 pa/1 f>4 #bc4 ,,by 1 ,sax4 ,be1 ,bi1 or ,big1 is affirm$ by ,tooke to be ! imp]ative ,by?1 ( ! ,anglo-,saxon v]b ,beon1 to be4--,div]sions ( ,p41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cbf4 ,?is seems to be r que/ionable4 #bd4 ,,conc]n+1 ! preposition1 is f ! fir/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b conc]n4 #be4 ,,d[n1 ! preposition1 is f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,dune1 d[n4 #bf4 ,,dur+1 prep4 ( "t1 is f ! fir/ p>ticiple ( an old v]b dure1 to la/1 =m]ly 9 use2 z1 ,:ile ! _w may dure4--,*auc]'s ,knight's ,tale4 #bg4 ,,ere1 be=e1 prep4 ( "t1 is f ! ,anglo-,saxon r1 a ^w ( l sort4 #bh4 ,,except1 bat+1 is f ! imp]ative1 or 7accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson7 ! anci5t p]fect p>ticiple ( ! v]b to except2 & ,,except+1 :5 a preposition1 is f ! fir/ p>ticiple ( ! same v]b4 #bi4 ,,=1 because (1 is ! ,anglo-,saxon preposition ,=1 a ^w ( l import1 & suppos$ by ,tooke to h come f a ,go?ic n\n signify+ cause1 or sake4 #cj4 ,,f1 9 ,saxon1 ,fram1 is probably d]iv$ f ! old adjective ,frum1 orig9al4 #ca4 ,,91 or ! ,saxon ,91 is ! same z ! ,lat9 93 ! ,greek is ,greek3 en2 & ! ,fr5*1 en4 #cb4 ,,into1 l ! ,saxon ,into1 not+ entrance1 is a comp\nd ( 9 & to4 #cc4 ,,mid & ,,mid/1 z ,engli% prepositions1 are poetical =ms us$ = ,amid & ,amid/4 #cd4 ,,not)/&+1 n h9d]+1 is f ! adv]b n1 & ! p>ticiple )/&+1 :i*1 by itself1 means h9d]+1 or prev5t+4 #ce4 ,,( is f ! ,saxon ,(1 or ,af2 :i* is suppos$ by ,tooke to come f a n\n signify+ (fspr+4 #cf4 ,,(f1 oppos$ to on1 ,dr4 ,johnson d]ives f ! ,dut* af4 #cg4 ,,on1 a ^w v (t5 us$ 9 ,anglo-,saxon1 is trac$ by "s etymologi/s to ! ,go?ic ana1 ! ,g]man an1 ! ,dut* aan2 b no su* d]ivation fixes its mean+4 #ch4 ,,out1 ,sax4 ,ut1 ,ute1 or ,utan1 :5 made a preposition1 is probably f ! adv]b or adjective ,out1 or ! e>li] ,ut2 & ,,out-,,(1 ,sax4 ,ut-(1 oppos$ to ,into1 is b ! adv]b ,out & ! preposition ,(--usually writt5 sep>ately1 b bett] jo9$1 9 "s in/ances4 #ci4 ,,ov]1 above1 is f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,(]1 ov]2 & ?is1 probably1 f ,ufa1 above1 high1 or f ! comp>ative1 ,uf]a1 high]4 #dj4 ,,ov]?w>t1 mean+ across1 is a comp\nd ( ov] & ?w>t1 cross4 #da4 ,,pa/1 beyond1 gone by1 is a contraction f ! p]fect p>ticiple pass$4 #db4 ,,p5d+1 dur+ or hang+1 has a p>ticipial =m1 b is ei!r an adjective or a preposition3 we d n use p5d alone z a v]b1 ?\gh we h x 9 dep5d4 #dc4 ,,respect+1 conc]n+1 is f ! fir/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b respect4 #dd4 ,,r\nd1 a preposition = ab\t or ar\nd1 is f ! n\n or adjective r\nd4 #de4 ,,s9ce is mo/ probably a contraction ( ! old ^w ,si!nce2 b is conjectur$ by ,tooke to h be5 =m$ f ! phrase1 ,se5 z4 #df4 ,,?r\gh 1 ,sax4 ,?urh1 or ,?ur*1 seems relat$ to ,?or\gh1 ,sax4 ,?uruh2 & ?is aga9 to ,?uru1 or ,duru1 a ,door4 #dg4 ,,?r\gh\t1 q ?r\gh1 is an obvi\s compond ( ?r\gh & out4 #dh4 ,,till1 ,sax4 ,til or ,tille1 to1 until1 is f ! ,saxon ,til or ,till1 an end1 a /ation4 #di4 ,,to1 :e!r a preposition or an adv]b1 is f ! ,anglo-,saxon p>ticle ,to4 #ej4 ,,t\*+1 ) reg>d to1 is f ! fir/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b t\*4 #ea4 ,,t[>d or ,,t[>ds1 writt5 by ! ,anglo-,saxons ,t[e>d or ,t[e>des1 is a comp\nd ( ,to & ,w>d or ,we>d1 a gu>d1 a look-out2 ,us$ 9 composition to express situation or direction4--,boswor?4 #eb4 ,,"u1 ,go?ic1 ,und>2 ,dut*1 ,ond]1 b5ea?1 bel[1 is a common ,anglo-,saxon ^w1 & v frequ5t prefix1 affirm$ by ,tooke to be no?+ b on-n$]1 a ,dut* comp\nd on l[]4--,see ,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cca4 #ec4 ,,und]nea? is a comp\nd ( "u & nea?1 l[2 :5ce ne!r1 l[]4 #ed4 ,,until is a comp\nd f on or un1 & till1 or til1 ! end4 #ee4 ,,unto1 n[ some:at antiquat$1 is =m$1 n v analogically1 f un & to4 #ef4 ,,up is f ! ,anglo-,saxon adjective1 ,up or ,upp1 high1 l(ty4 #eg4 ,,^u1 :i* appe>s lit]ally to mean high on1 is f two words up & on4 #eh4 ,,) comes to u f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,)1 a ^w ( l sort & import2 :i* ,tooke says is an imp]ative v]b1 sometimes f ,)an1 to jo91 & sometimes f ,wyr?an1 to be4--,see 8 ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bfb4 #ei4 ,,)9 1 i4e41 by-91 is f ) & 93 ,sax4 ,)9nan1 ,b9nan1 or ,b9non4 #fj4 ,,)\t 1 i4e41 by-out1 is f ) & out3 ,sax4 ,)tan1 -t51 -ton2 ,btan1 ,bton1 ,btun4 ,,obs]vation4 ,9 reg>d to "s ( our m9or or simpl] prepositions1 z ( sundry o!r p>ticles1 to g beyond ! =ms & con/ructions :i* pres5t or =m] usage has at "s p]iod giv5 !m z p>ticles1 & to asc]ta9 _! actual orig9 9 some?+ ult]ior1 if su* !y _h1 is no v easy matt]2 nor c !re be ei!r satisfaction or pr(it 9 /udy+ :at "o suspects to be m]e guesswork4 ,h[ d y acc\nt = ,,91 ,,out1 ,,on1 ,,(f1 & ,,at8 says ! fri5d ( ,tooke1 9 an etymological dialogue at ,purley4 ,! sub/ance ( 8 answ] is1 ,! explanation & etymology ( ^! words require a degree ( k 9 all ! anti5t nor!rn languages1 & a skill 9 ! application ( t k1 :i* ,i am v f> f assum+2 & ?\gh ,i am almo/ p]suad$ by "s ( my own conjectures conc]n+ !m1 ,i am n will+1 by an app>5tly =c$ & f>-fet*$ d]ivation1 to ju/ify y\r imputation ( etymological leg]dema94--,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cgj4 ,,section ,x4--,,d]ivation ,,( ,,int]jections4 ,^? significant & con/ructive words :i* are occasionally us$ z ,int]jections1 7su* z ,good6 ,/range6 ,inde$617 d n require an explanation "h2 & ^? m]e s\nds :i* are 9 no wise expressive ( ?\ght1 sc>cely admit ( def9ition or d]ivation4 ,! ,int]jection ,,hey is probably a corruption ( ! adjective ,high2--,,alas is f ! ,fr5* ,hlas3--,,alack is probably a corruption ( ,alas2--,,welaway or ,,wellaway1 7:i* is n[ corrupt$ into ,,welladay17 is said by "s to be f ! ,anglo-,saxon ,w-l-w1 i4e41 ,wo-lo-wo2--,,fie1 says ,tooke1 is ! imp]ative ( ! ,go?ic & ,anglo-,saxon v]b ,fian1 to hate2--,heyday is probably f high day2--,,avaunt1 p]haps f ! ,fr5* avant1 be=e2--,,lo1 f look2--,,begone1 f be & gone2--,,welcome1 f well & come2--,,f>ewell1 f f>e & well4 ,,section ,,xi--,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,prefixes4 ,9 ! =mation ( ,engli% words1 c]ta9 p>ticles are (t5 employ$ z prefixes2 :i*1 z !y g5]ally h "s peculi> import1 may be sep>ately expla9$4 ,a few ( !m are ( ,anglo-,saxon orig91 or "*2 & ! great] "p ( ^! are /ill employ$ z sep>ate words 9 our language4 ,! re/ are ,lat91 ,greek1 or ,fr5* prepositions4 ,! roots to :i* !y are prefix$1 are n always prop] ,engli% words4 ,^? :i* are su*1 are call$ ,,sep>able ,,radicals2 ^? :i* are n su*1 ,,insep>able ,,radicals4 ,,class ,i--,,! ,,engli% ,,or ,,anglo-,,saxon ,,prefixes4 #a4 ,a1 z an ,engli% prefix1 signifies on1 91 at1 or to3 z 9 a-bo>d1 a-%ore1 a-foot1 a-b$1 a-soak1 a-tilt1 a-slant1 a-f>1 a-field2 :i* are equal to ! phrases1 on bo>d1 on %ore1 on foot1 9 b$1 9 soak1 at tilt1 at slant1 to a di/ance1 to ! fields4 ,! ,fr5* 1 to1 is probably ! same p>ticle4 ,?is prefix is sometimes r$undant1 add+ little or no?+ to ! mean+2 z 9 awake1 arise1 am5d4 #b4 ,,be1 z a prefix1 signifies ^u1 ov]1 by1 to1 at1 or =3 z 9 be-spatt]1 be-cl\d1 be-times1 be-tide1 be-h[l1 be-speak4 ,x is sometimes r$undant1 or m]ely int5sive2 z 9 be-gird1 be-deck1 be-lov$1 be-dazzle1 be-moi/51 be-praise1 be-quote4 #c4 ,,c\nt]1 an ,engli% prefix1 alli$ to ! ,fr5* ,contre1 & ! ,lat9 ,contra1 means aga9/1 or opposite2 z 9 c\nt]-poise1 c\nt]-evid5ce1 c\nt]-natural4 #d4 ,,=1 z a prefix1 unlike ! common preposition ,=1 seems g5]ally to signify f3 x is f\nd 9 ! irregul> v]bs =-be>1 =-bid1 =-get1 =-give1 =-sake1 =-swe>2 & 9 =-ba!1 =-d1 =-pass1 =-p9e1 =-say1 =-?9k1 =-wa/e1 :i* la/ are n[ disus$1 ! = 9 sev]al be+ m]ely int5sive4 #e4 ,,=e1 prefix$ to a v]b1 signifies be=e2 z 9 =e-"k1 =e-tell3 prefix$ to a n\n1 x is usually an adjective1 & signifies ant]ior2 z 9 =e-side1 =e-"p4 #f4 ,,half1 signify+ "o ( two equal p>ts1 is mu* us$ 9 composition2 &1 (t51 m]ely to d5ote imp]fection3 z1 half-sight$1 see+ imp]fectly4 #g4 ,,mis signifies wrong or ill2 z 9 mis-cite1 mis-pr9t1 mis-spell1 mis-*ance1 mis-hap4 #h4 ,,ov] d5otes sup]iority or excess2 z 9 ov]-p[]1 ov]-/ra91 ov]-l>ge4 #i4 ,,out1 prefix$ to a v]b1 g5]ally d5otes excess2 z 9 out-d1 out-leap1 out-poise3 prefix$ to a n\n1 x is an adjective1 & signifies ext]ior2 z 9 out-side1 out-p>i%4 #aj4 ,,self g5]ally signifies "o's own p]son1 or belong+ to "o's own p]son2 b1 9 self-same1 x means v4 ,we h _m words beg9n+ ) ,self1 b mo/ ( !m seem to be comp\nds r ?an d]ivatives2 z1 self-love1 self-abasem5t1 self-abuse1 self-affairs1 self-will$1 self-accus+4 #aa4 ,,un d5otes negation or contr>iety2 z 9 un-k9d1 un-load1 un-tru?1 un-coif4 #ab4 ,,"u d5otes inf]iority2 z 9 "u-value1 "u-cl]k1 "u-gr[?4 #ac4 ,,up d5otes motion upw>ds2 z 9 up-lift3 sometimes subv]sion2 z 9 up-set4 #ad4 ,,)1 z a prefix1 unlike ! common preposition ,)1 signifies aga9/1 f1 or back2 z 9 )-/&1 )-hold1 )-draw1 )-/&]1 )-holdm5t1 )-drawal4 ,,class ,,ii4--,,! ,,lat9 ,,prefixes4 ,! primitives or radicals to :i* ^! are prefix$1 are n _m ( !m employ$ sep>ately 9 ,engli%4 ,! f9al lett] ( ! prefix ,ad1 ,con1 ,ex1 ,91 ,ob1 or ,sub1 is (t5 *ang$ be=e c]ta9 consonants2 n caprici\sly1 b ) uni=mity1 to adapt or assimilate x to ! s\nd :i* foll[s4 #a4 ,a1 ,,ab1 or ,,abs1 means ,f1 or ,away3 z1 a-v]t1 to turn f1 or away2 ab-duce1 to lead f2 ab-duction1 a c>ry+-away2 ab-/ract1 to draw f1 or away4 #b4 ,,ad1--=m+ ac1 af1 al1 an1 ap1 z1 at1--means ,to1 or ,at3 z1 ad-v]t1 to turn to2 ac-cord1 to yield to2 af-flux1 a fl[+-to2 al-ly1 to b9d to2 an-nex1 to l9k to2 ap-ply1 to put to2 z-sume1 to take to2 at-te/1 to witness to2 ad-mire1 to wond] at4 #c4 ,,ante means ,=e1 or ,be=e3 z1 ante-pa/1 a =e-ta/e2 ante-c$5t1 =ego+1 or go+ be=e2 ante-mundane1 be=e ! _w2 ante-date1 to date be=e4 #d4 ,,circum means ,r\nd1 ,ar\nd1 or ,ab\t3 z circum-volve1 to roll r\nd2 circum-scribe1 to write r\nd2 circum-v5t1 to come r\nd2 circum-spect1 look+ ab\t "o's self4 #e4 ,,con1--:i* =ms com1 co1 col1 cor1--means ,toge!r3 z1 con-tract1 to draw toge!r2 compel1 to drive toge!r2 co-erce1 to =ce toge!r2 col-lect1 to ga!r toge!r2 cor-rade1 to rub or scrape toge!r2 con-junction1 a jo9+-toge!r4 #f4 ,,contra1 or ,,contro1 means ,aga9/1 or ,c\nt]3 z1 contra-dict1 to speak aga9/2 contra-v5e1 to come aga9/2 contra-mure1 c\nt]mure2 contro-v]t1 to turn aga9/4 #g4 ,,de means ,(1 ,f1 or ,d[n3 z1 de-note1 to be a sign (2 de-tract1 to draw f2 de-p5d1 to hang d[n2 de-press1 to press d[n2 de-crease1 to gr[ d[n1 to gr[ less4 #h4 ,,dis1 or ,,di1 means ,away1 or ,ap>t3 z1 dis-pel1 to drive away2 dis-sect1 to cut ap>t2 di-v]t1 to turn away4 #i4 ,e1 or ,ex1--mak+ also ec1 ef1--means ,out3 z1 e-ject1 to ca/ out2 e-lect1 to *oose out2 ex-clude1 to %ut out2 ex-cite1 to summon out2 ec-/acy1 a rais+ out2 ef-face1 to blot out4 #aj4 ,,extra means ,beyond1 or ,out (3 z1 extra-vagant1 syllabl$ ex-trav'a-gant1 rov+ be-yond2 extra-vasate1 ex-trav'a-sate1 to fl[ out ( ! vessels2 extra-t]ritorial1 be+ out ( ! t]ritory4 #aa4 ,,91--:i* makes also il1 im1 ir1--means ,91 ,into1 or ,^u3 z1 9-spire1 to brea! 92 il-lude1 to draw 9 by deceit2 im-mure1 to wall 92 ir-ruption1 a ru%+ 92 9-spect1 to look into2 9-scribe1 to write ^u2 9-sult1 to jump ^u4 ,^! syllables1 prefix$1 to ,engli% n\ns or adjectives1 g5]ally rev]se _! mean+2 z 9 9-ju/ice1 il-legality1 im-p>tiality1 ir-religion1 ir-rational1 9-secure1 9-sane4 #ab4 ,,int] means ,betwe51 or ,9 betwe53 z1 int]-sp]se1 to scatt] 9 betwe52 int]-jection1 some?+ ?r[n 9 betwe52 int]-jac5t1 ly+ betwe52 int]-communication1 communication betwe54 #ac4 ,,intro means ,91 ,inw>ds1 or ,)93 z1 intro-duce1 to lead 92 intro-v]t1 to turn inw>ds2 intro-spect1 to look )92 intro-mission1 a s5d+-94 #ad4 ,,ob1--:i* makes also oc1 (1 op1--means ,aga9/3 z1 ob-trude1 to ?ru/ aga9/2 oc-cur1 to run aga9/2 (-f]1 to br+ aga9/2 op-pose1 to place aga9/2 ob-ject1 to ca/ aga9/4 #ae4 ,,p] means ,?r\gh or ,by3 z1 p]-vade1 to g ?r\gh2 p]-*ance1 by *ance2 p]-c5t1 by ! hundr$2 p]-plex1 to tangle ?r\gh1 or to entangle ?or\ghly4 #af4 ,,po/ means ,aft]3 z1 po/-pone1 to place aft]2 po/-date1 to date aft]4 #ag4 ,,pr1 or ,,pre1 means ,be=e3 z1 pre-sume1 to take be=e2 pre-position1 a plac+-be=e1 or ?+ plac$ be=e2 pr-cognita1 ?+s kn[n be=e4 #ah4 ,,pro means ,=1 ,=?1 or ,=w>ds3 z1 pro-vide1 to take c>e =2 pro-duce1 to br+ =?2 pro-trude1 to ?ru/ =w>ds2 pro-ce$1 to g =w>d2 pro-n\n1 = a n\n4 #ai4 ,,pret] means ,by1 ,pa/1 or ,beyond3 z1 pret]-x1 bygone1 or gone by2 pret]-imp]fect1 pa/ imp]fect2 pret]-natural1 beyond :at is natural2 pret]-mit1 to put by1 to omit4 #bj4 ,,re means ,aga9 or ,back3 z1 re-view1 to view aga92 re-pel1 to drive back4 #ba4 ,,retro means ,backw>ds1 ,backw>d1 or ,back3 z1 retro-active1 act+ backw>ds2 retro-grade1 go+ backw>d2 retro-c$e1 to c$e back aga94 #bb4 ,,se means ,aside or ,ap>t3 z1 se-duce1 to lead aside2 se-c$e1 to g ap>t4 #bc4 ,,semi means ,half3 z1 semi-colon1 half a colon2 semi-circle1 half a circle4 #bd4 ,,sub1--:i* makes suf1 sug1 sup1 sur1 & sus1--means ,"u1 & sometimes ,up3 z1 sub-scribe1 to write "u2 suf-fossion1 an und]m9+2 sug-ge/1 to convey "u2 sup-ply1 to put "u2 sur-reption1 a creep+-"u2 sus-ta91 to hold up2 sub-ject1 ca/ "u4 #be4 ,,subt] means ,b5ea?3 z1 subt]-flu\s1 fl[+ b5ea?4 #bf4 ,,sup] means ,ov] or ,above3 z1 sup]-flu\s1 fl[+ ov]2 sup]-natant1 swimm+ above2 sup]-lative1 c>ri$ ov]1 or c>ry+ ov]2 sup]-vise1 to ov]look1 to ov]see4 #bg4 ,,trans1--:5ce ,,tran & ,,tra1--means ,beyond1 ,ov]1 ,to ano!r /ate or place3 z1 trans-gress1 to pass beyond or ov]2 trans-c5d1 to climb ov]2 trans-mit to s5d to an o!r place2 trans-=m1 to *ange to an o!r %ape2 tra-montane1 f beyond ! m\nta9s2 i4e41 ,trans-,alp9e1 z oppos$ to ,cis-,alp9e4 ,,class ,,iii4--,,! ,,greek ,,prefixes4 #a4 ,a & ,,an1 9 ,greek d]ivatives1 d5ote privation3 z1 a-nomal\s1 want+ rules2 an-ony-m\s1 want+ "n2 an-ar*y1 want ( gov]nm5t2 a-cephal\s1 headless4 #b4 ,,amphi means ,two1 ,bo?1 or ,d\ble3 z1 amphi-bi\s1 liv+ 9 two elem5ts2 amphi-bra*1 bo? sides %ort2 amphi-!atre1 a d\ble !atre4 #c4 ,,anti means ,aga9/3 z1 anti-slav]y1 aga9/ slav]y2 anti-acid1 aga9/ acidity2 anti-febrile1 aga9/ fev]2 anti-!sis1 a plac+-aga9/4 #d4 ,,apo1 ,,aph1--,f3 z1 apo-/rophe1 a turn+-f2 aph-a]esis1 a tak+ f4 #e4 ,,dia1--,?r\gh3 z1 dia-gonal1 ?r\gh ! corn]s2 dia-met]1 measure ?r\gh4 #f4 ,,epi1 ,,eph1--,^u3 z1 epi-demic1 ^u ! p2 eph-em]a1 ^u a day4 #g4 ,,hemi means ,half3 z1 hemi-sph]e1 half a sph]e2 hemi-/i*1 half a v]se4 #h4 ,,hyp] means ,ov]3 z1 hyp]-critical1 ov]-critical2 hyp]-met]1 ov] measure4 #i4 ,,hypo means ,"u3 z1 hypo-/asis1 sub/ance1 or t :i* /&s "u2 hypo-!sis1 supposition1 or a plac+-"u2 hypo-phyll\s1 "u ! leaf4 #aj4 ,,meta means ,beyond1 ,ov]1 ,to an o!r /ate or place3 z1 meta-morphose1 to *ange to an o!r %ape2 meta-physics1 m5tal sci5ce1 z beyond or ov] physics4 #aa4 ,,p>a means ,aga9/3 z1 p>a-dox1 some?+ contr>y to common op9ion4 #ab4 ,,p]i means ,ar\nd3 z1 p]i-ph]y1 ! circumf]5ce1 or measure r\nd4 #ac4 ,,syn1--:5ce ,sym1 ,syl1--means ,toge!r3 z1 syn-tax1 a putt+-toge!r2 sym-pa?y1 a suff]+-toge!r2 syl-lable1 :at we take toge!r2 syn-!sis a plac+-toge!r4 ,,class ,,iv4--,,! ,,fr5* ,,prefixes4 #a4 ,a is a preposition ( v frequ5t use 9 ,fr5*1 & g5]ally means ,to4 ,i h sugge/$ above t x is probably ! same z ! ,anglo-,saxon prefix a4 ,x is f\nd 9 a few ,engli% comp\nds or d]ivatives t are ( ,fr5*1 & n ( ,saxon orig93 z1 a-dieu1 to ,god2 i4e41 ,i comm5d y to ,god2 a-l>m1 f al>me1 i e41 l'arme1 to arms4 #b4 ,,de means ,( or ,f3 z 9 de-mure1 ( mann]s2 de-liv]1 to ease f or (4 #c4 ,,demi means ,half3 z1 demi-man1 half a man2 demi-god1 half a god2 demi-devil1 half a devil2 demi-deify1 to half deify2 demi-siz$1 half siz$2 demi-quav]1 half a quav]4 #d4 ,,en1--:i* sometimes becomes em1--means ,91 ,into1 or ,^u3 z1 en-*a91 to hold 9 *a9s2 em-brace1 to clasp 9 ! arms2 en-tomb1 to put into a tomb2 em-boss1 to /ud ^u4 ,_m words are yet wav]+ betwe5 ! ,fr5* & ! ,lat9 or?ography ( ?is prefix3 z1 embody1 or imbody2 ensurance1 or insurance2 ensn>e1 or insn>e2 enquire1 or inquire4 #e4 ,,sur1 z a ,fr5* prefix1 means ,^u1 ,ov]1 or ,aft]3 z1 sur-"n1 a "n ^u a "n2 sur-vey1 to look ov]2 sur-m\nt1 to m\nt ov] or ^u2 sur-r5d]1 to deliv] ov] to o!rs2 sur-feit1 to ov]do 9 eat+2 sur-vive1 to live aft]1 to ov]-live1 to outlive4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,app5dix ,,app5dix ,,iii ,,to ,,"p ,,?ird1 ,,or ,,syntax4 ,,( ,,! ,,qualities ,,( ,,/yle4 ,/yle1 z a topic connect$ ) syntax1 is ! p>ticul> mann] 9 :i* a p]son expresses 8 conceptions by means ( language4 ,x is diff]5t f m]e words1 diff]5t f m]e gramm>1 9 any limit$ s5se1 & is n to be regulat$ altoge!r by rules ( con/ruction4 ,x always has "s relation to ! au?or's peculi> mann] ( ?9k+2 involves1 to "s ext5t1 & %[s 8 lit]>y1 if n 8 moral1 "*2 is1 9 g5]al1 t sort ( expression :i* 8 ?\ghts mo/ readily assume2 &1 sometimes1 p>takes n only ( :at is *>act]i/ic ( ! man1 ( 8 pr(ession1 sect1 clan1 or prov9ce1 b ev5 ( national peculi>ity1 or "s m>k$ feature ( ! age4 ,! words :i* an au?or employs1 may be prop] 9 !mselves1 & s con/ruct$ z to violate no rule ( syntax1 & yet 8 /yle may h great faults4 ,9 reviews & critical essays1 ! g5]al *>act]s ( /yle are usually designat$ by su* epi!ts z ^!2--concise1 diffuse1--neat1 neglig5t1--t]se1 bungl+1--n]v\s1 weak1--=cible1 feeble1--vehem5t1 languid1--simple1 affect$1--easy1 /iff1--pure1 b>b>\s1--p]spicu\s1 obscure1--elegant1 unc\?1--florid1 pla91--fl[]y1 artless1--flu5t1 dry1--piquant1 dull1--/ately1 flippant1--maje/ic1 mean1--pomp\s1 mode/1--anci5t1 mod]n4 ,a consid]able div]sity ( /yle1 may be f\nd 9 compositions all equally excell5t 9 _! k9d4 ,&1 inde$1 diff]5t subjects1 z well z ! diff]5t end[m5ts by :i* g5ius is di/+ui%$1 require ?is div]sity4 ,b1 9 =m+ 8 /yle1 ! le>n] %\ld rememb]1 t a neglig5t1 feeble1 affect$1 /iff1 unc\?1 b>b>\s1 or obscure /yle is always faulty2 & t p]spicuity1 ease1 simplicity1 /r5g?1 neatness1 & purity1 are qualities always to be aim$ at4 ,9 ord] to acquire a good /yle1 ! frequ5t practice ( compos+ & writ+ some?+1 is indisp5sably necess>y4 ,)\t ex]cise & dilig5t att5tion1 rules or precepts = ! atta9m5t ( ?is object1 w be ( no avail4 ,:5 ! le>n] has acquir$ su* a k ( gramm>1 z to be 9 "s degree qualifi$ = ! und]tak+1 he %\ld devote a /at$ portion ( 8 "t to composition4 ,?is ex]cise w br+ ! p[]s ( 8 m9d into requisition1 9 a way t is well calculat$ to /r5g!n !m4 ,& if he has opportunity = read+1 he may1 by a dilig5t p]usal ( ! be/ au?ors1 acquire bo? language & ta/e z well z s5tim5t2--& ^! ?ree are ! ess5tial qualifications ( a good writ]4 ,9 reg>d to ! qualities :i* con/itute a good /yle1 we c "h (f] no?+ m ?an a few brief h9ts4 ,) respect to words & phrases1 p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to ?ree ?+s--purity1 propriety1 & precision2 &1 ) respect to s5t5ces1 to ?ree o!rs1--p]spicuity1 unity1 & /r5g?4 ,"u ea* ( ^! six heads1 we %all arrange1 9 ! =m ( %ort precepts1 a few ( ! mo/ important directions = ! =m+ ( a good /yle4 ,,section ,i4--,,( ,,purity4 ,purity ( /yle consi/s 9 ! use ( su* words & phrases only1 z belong to ! language :i* we write or speak4 ,its opposites are ! faults aim$ at 9 ! foll[+ precepts4 ,,precept ,i4--,avoid ! unnecess>y use ( =eign words or idioms3 su* z ! ,fr5* words frai*eur1 hauteur1 delicatesse1 politesse1 noblesse2--! expression1 ,he rep5t$ himself2--or1 ,x s]ves to an excell5t purpose4 ,,precept ,,ii4--,avoid obsolete or antiquat$ words1 except !re be "s special reason = _! use3 t is1 su* words z acception1 addressful1 adm9i/rate1 affami%1 affrontiv5ess1 belikely1 blu/]\s1 cl]gical1 cruciate1 rutilate1 timid\s4 ,,precept ,,iii4--,avoid /range or unau?oriz$ words3 su* z1 flutt]ation1 inspectator1 judgematical1 incumb]m5t1 connexity1 elect]iz$1 m>tyriz$1 reunition1 m>velize1 limpitude1 affectat$1 adorem5t1 absquatulate4 ,( ?is sort is ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's assimil>ity1 us$ on page #ai? ( 8 ,engli% ,gramm>2 & /ill worse is ,jocelyn's irradicable1 = un]adicable1 us$ on page #e? ( 8 ,prize ,essay on ,education4 ,,precept ,,iv4--,avoid bomba/1 or affectation ( f9e writ+4 ,x is ridicul\s1 h[ev] s]i\s ! subject4 ,! foll[+ is an example3 ,p]sonifications1 h[ev] ri* ! depictions1 & uncon/ra9$ _! latitude2 analogies1 h[ev] impos+ ! objects ( p>allel1 & ! m$ia ( comp>ison2 c nev] expose ! consequ5ces ( s9 to ! ext5t ( fact1 or ! range ( demon/ration4--,anonym\s4 ,,section ,,ii4--,,( ,,propriety4 ,propriety ( language consi/s 9 ! selection & "r con/ruction ( su* words z ! be/ usage has appropriat$ to ^? ideas :i* we int5d to express by !m4 ,impropriety embraces all ^? =ms ( error1 :i*1 = ! purpose ( illu/ration1 ex]cise1 & special criticism1 h be5 s me?odically & s copi\sly po/$ up "u ! v>i\s heads1 rules1 & notes1 ( ?is ext5sive ,gramm>4 ,a few sugge/ions1 h[ev]1 are "h to be set d[n 9 ! =m ( precepts4 ,,precept ,i4--,avoid l[ & prov9cial expressions3 su* z1 ,n[1 says ,i1 boys2--,?9ks ,i to myself2--,to get into a scrape2--,/ay "h :ile ,i come back2--,by j9k]s2--,by ! liv+ j+oes4 ,,precept ,,ii4--,9 writ+ prose1 avoid words & phrases t are m]ely poetical3 su* z1 morn1 eve1 pla9t1 corse1 weal1 dre>1 amid1 (t1 /eepy2--:at "t ! w9ds arise4 ,,precept ,,iii4--,avoid te*nical t]ms3 except :]e !y are necess>y 9 treat+ ( a p>ticul> art or sci5ce4 ,9 te*nology1 !y are prop]4 ,,precept ,,iv4--,avoid ! recurr5ce ( a ^w 9 diff]5t s5ses1 or su* a repetition ( words z d5otes paucity ( language3 z1 ,8 own reason might h sugge/$ bett] reasons4--,gregory fav\r$ ! und]tak+1 = no o!r reason ?an ?is2 t ! manag]1 9 c\nt5ance1 fav\r$ 8 fri5d4--,i want to g & see :at he wants4 ,,precept ,v4--,supply words t are want+3 ?us1 in/ead ( say+1 ,?is action increas$ 8 =m] s]vices1 say1 ,?is action increas$ ! m]it ( 8 =m] s]vices4--,h[ _m k9ds ( sub/antives are !re8 ,two2 prop] & common4--,see ,e4 ,devis's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,^! *anges %\ld n be left to be settl$ by *ance or by caprice1 b %\ld be det]m9$ by ! judici\s application ( ! pr9ciples ( ,or?ography4--,see ,f[l]s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 p4 #agj4 ,,precept ,,vi4--,avoid equivocal or ambigu\s expressions3 z1 ,8 memory %all be lo/ on ! e>?4--,i long s9ce le>n$ to l no?+ b :at y d4 ,,precept ,,vii4--,avoid un9telligible1 inconsi/5t1 or inappropriate expressions3 su* z1 ,i h obs]v$ t ! sup]iority among ^! c(fee-h\se politicians proce$s f an op9ion ( gallantry & fa%ion4--,^! words d n convey ev5 an opaque idea ( ! au?or's mean+4 ,,precept ,,viii4--,obs]ve ! natural ord] ( ?+s or ev5ts1 & d n put ! c>t be=e ! horse3 z1 ,! scribes taught & /udi$ ! ,law ( ,moses4--,!y c nei!r return to nor leave _! h\ses4--,he tumbl$1 head ov] heels1 into ! wat]4--',pat1 h[ did y c>ry t qu>t] ( beef8' ',:y1 ,i ?ru/ x ?r\gh a /ick1 & ?rew my %\ld] ov] x4' ,,section ,,iii4--,,( ,,precision4 ,precision consi/s 9 avoid+ all sup]flu\s words1 & adapt+ ! expression exactly to ! ?\ght1 s z to say1 ) no defici5cy or surplus ( t]ms1 :atev] is int5d$ by ! au?or4 ,its opposites are notic$ 9 ! foll[+ precepts4 ,,precept ,i4--,avoid a useless tautology1 ei!r ( expression or ( s5tim5t2 z1 ,:5 w y return aga98--,we return$ back home aga94--,on ent]+ into ! room1 ,i saw & discov]$ he _h fall5 d[n on ! floor & c\ld n rise up4--,!y h a mutual dislike to ea* o!r4--,:5ev] ,i g1 he always meets me !re4--,:]e is he at8 ,9 !re4--,8 fai?fulness & fidelity %\ld be rew>d$4 ,,precept ,,ii4--,repeat words z (t5 z an exact exhibition ( y\r mean+ requires !m2 = repetition may be elegant1 if x be n useless4 ,! foll[+ example does n appe> faulty3 ,moral precepts are precepts ! reasons ( :i* we see2 positive precepts are precepts ! reasons ( :i* we d n see4--,butl]'s ,analogy1 p4 #afe4 ,,precept ,,iii4--,obs]ve ! exact mean+ ( words acc\nt$ synonym\s1 & employ ^? :i* are ! mo/ suitable2 z1 ,a dilig5t s*ol> may acquire k1 ga9 celebrity1 obta9 rew>ds1 w9 prizes1 & get high hon\r1 ?\gh he e>n no money4 ,^! six v]bs h ne>ly ! same mean+1 & yet no two ( !m c "h be correctly int]*ang$4 ,,precept ,,iv4--,obs]ve ! prop] =m ( ea* ^w1 & d n conf\nd su* z resemble ea* o!r4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,w4 ,gibbs1 ( ,yale ,college1 9 treat+ ( ! ,peculi>ities ( ! ,cockney ,dialect1 says1 ,! ,london] sometimes conf\nds two diff]5t =ms2 z contagi\s = contigu\s2 em95t = imm95t2 humor\s = humorsome2 +5i\sly = +5u\sly2 luxuri\s = luxuriant2 scrupulosity = scruple2 successfully = successively4--,see ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #hg2 & ,pref41 p4 vi4 ,,precept ,v4--,?9k cle>ly1 & avoid absurd or incompatible expressions4 ,example ( error3 ,to pursue ^? rem>ks1 w\ld1 probably1 be ( no fur!r s]vice to ! le>n] ?an t ( burd5+ 8 memory ) a catalogue ( dry & un9t]e/+ peculi>ities2 :i* may gratify curiosity1 )\t af=d+ in=mation adequate to ! tr\ble ( ! p]usal4--,wright's ,gram41 p4 #abb4 ,,precept ,,vi4--,avoid words t are useless2 &1 especially1 a multiplication ( !m into s5t5ces1 memb]s1 or clauses1 t may well be sp>$4 ,example3 ,if "o c\ld really be a spectator ( :at is pass+ 9 ! _w ar\nd u )\t tak+ "p 9 ! ev5ts1 or %>+ 9 ! passions & actual p]=mance on ! /age2 if we c\ld set ourselves d[n1 z x 71 9 a private box ( ! _w's great !atre1 & quietly look on at ! piece t is play+1 no m mov$ ?an is absolutely impli$ by sympa?y ) our fell[-creatures1 :at a curi\s1 :at an amus+1 :at an int]e/+ spectacle w\ld life pres5t4--,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,,james3 ,! ,=g]1 comm5cem5t ( ,*ap4 xxxi4 ,?is s5t5ce conta9s eighty-sev5 words1 ( :i* sixty-"o are entirely unnecess>y to ! expression ( ! au?or's idea1 if idea x c be call$4--,hold5's ,review4 ,,obs]vation4 ,v]bosity1 z well z tautology1 is n s directly opposite to precision1 z to concis5ess1 or brevity4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* lawy]s usually multiply t]ms 9 ord] to express _! facts precisely1 x w\ld seem t1 ) !m1 precision consi/s r 9 ! use ( _m words ?an ( few4 ,b ! ord9>y /yle ( legal in/rum5ts no popul> writ] c imitate )\t becom+ ridicul\s4 ,a t]se or concise /yle is v apt to be elliptical3 &1 9 "s p>ticul> in/ances1 mu/ be s2 b1 at ! same "t1 ! full expression1 p]haps1 may h m precision1 ?\gh x be less agreeable4 ,= example3 ,a ^w ( "o syllable1 is call$ a monosyllable2 a ^w ( two syllables1 is call$ a dissyllable3 a ^w ( ?ree syllables1 is call$ a trisyllable3 a ^w ( f\r or m syllables1 is call$ a polysyllable4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ai4 ,bett]1 p]haps1 ?us3 ,a ^w ( "o syllable is call$ a monosyllable2 a ^w ( two syllables1 a dissyllable2 a ^w ( ?ree syllables1 a trissyllable2 & a ^w ( f\r or m syllables1 a polysyllable4--,br[n's ,in/itutes1 p4 #ag4 ,,section ,,iv4--,,( ,,p]spicuity4 ,p]spicuity consi/s 9 fre$om f obscurity or ambiguity4 ,x is a quality s ess5tial to e k9d ( writ+1 t = ! want ( x no m]it ( o!r "n c comp5sate4 ,)\t ?is1 ! ri*e/ ornam5ts ( /yle1 only glimm] ?r\gh ! d>k1 & puzzle 9 /ead ( pleas+ ! read]4--,dr4 ,blair4 ,p]spicuity1 be+ ! mo/ important prop]ty ( language1 & an exemption f ! mo/ emb>rass+ defects1 seems ev5 to rise to a degree ( positive beauty4 ,we are naturally pleas$ ) a /yle t frees u f all susp5se 9 reg>d to ! mean+2 t c>ries u ?r\gh ! subject )\t emb>rassm5t or confusion2 & t always fl[s l a limpid /ream1 ?r\gh :i* we c see to ! v bottom4 ,_m ( ! errors :i* h h]et(ore be5 po9t$ out to ! read]1 are (f5ces aga9/ p]spicuity4 ,only ?ree or f\r h9ts w "h be add$4 ,,precept ,i4--,place adjectives1 relative pron\ns1 p>ticiples1 adv]bs1 & explanatory phrases ne> en\gh to ! words to :i* !y relate1 & 9 a position :i* w make _! ref]5ce cle>4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces are defici5t 9 p]spicuity3 ,rev]5ce is ! v5]ation paid to sup]ior sanctity1 int]mix$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( awe4--,unkn[n4 ,! ,romans und]/ood lib]ty1 at lea/1 z well z we4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cjg4 ,ta/e 0 nev] made to cat] = vanity4--,j4 ,q4 ,adams's ,rhet41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aai4 ,,precept ,,ii4--,9 prose1 avoid a poetic collocation ( words4 ,= example3 ,gu>d y\r weak side f be+ kn[n4 ,if x be attack$1 ! be/ way is1 to jo9 9 ! attack4--,,kames3 ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #ge4 ,?is maxim ( prud5ce might be express$ m poetically1 b ) "s loss ( p]spicuity1 ?us3 ,y\r weak side gu>d f be+ kn[n4 ,attack$ 9 ?is1 ! assailants jo94 ,,precept ,,iii4--,avoid faulty ellipses1 & repeat all words necess>y to pres]ve ! s5se4 ,! foll[+ s5t5ces require ! words :i* are ins]t$ 9 crot*ets3 ,re/lessness ( m9d disqualifies u1 bo? = ! enjoym5t ( peace1 & = ! p]=mance ( our duty4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #aff4 ,d\ble ,comp>atives & ,d\ble ,sup]latives %\ld be avoid$4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 p4 #dhi4 ,,precept ,,iv4--,avoid ! p$antic & s5se-dimm+ /yle ( *>latans & new !ori/s1 :i* (t5 dem&s ei!r a translation or a t$i\s /udy1 to make x at all intelligible to ! ord9>y read]4 ,= example3 ,,rule ,,xl ,"p #c4 ,an intransitive or receptive ass]t] 9 ! unlimit$ mode1 dep5d+ on a ^w 9 ! possessive case1 may h1 aft] x1 a ^w 9 ! subjective case1 d5ot+ ! same ?+3 ,&1 :5 x acts ! "p ( an ass]tive "n1 dep5d+ on a relative1 x may h aft] x a ^w 9 ! subjective case4 ,,examples3--,john's be+ my fri5d1 sav$ me f inconv5i5ce4 ,se? ,hamilton 0 unhappy 9 be+ a slave to p>ty prejudice4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 #ahci1 p4 #bja4 ,! mean+ ( ?is ?ird "p ( a ,rule ( syntax1 is1 9 prop] ,engli%1 z foll[s3 ,a p>ticiple n transitive1 ) ! possessive case be=e x1 may h aft] x a nom9ative d5ot+ ! same ?+2 & also1 :5 a preposition gov]ns ! p>ticiple1 a nom9ative may foll[1 9 agreem5t ) "o :i* prec$es4 ,9 doctr9e1 ! =m] clause ( ! s5t5ce is errone\s3 x s]ves only to propagate false syntax by rule4 ,see ! =m] example1 & a note ( m9e1 ref]r+ to x1 on page #eca ( ?is "w4 ,,section ,v4--,,( ,,unity4 ,unity consi/s 9 avoid+ ne$less pauses1 & keep+ "o object pr$om9ant ?r\gh\t a s5t5ce or p>agraph4 ,e s5t5ce1 :e!r its p>ts be few or _m1 requires /rict unity4 ,! *ief faults1 opposite to ?is quality ( /yle1 are sugge/$ 9 ! foll[+ precepts4 ,,precept ,i4--,avoid brok5ness1 hit*+1 or ! unnecess>y sep>ation ( p>ts t naturally come toge!r4 ,examples3 ,i 01 soon aft] my arrival1 tak5 out ( my ,indian habit4--,addison1 ,tattl]1 ,no4 #bdi4 ,bett]3 ,soon aft] my arrival1 ,i 0 tak5 out ( my ,indian habit4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #cbf4 ,:o c1 ei!r 9 opposition1 or 9 ! m9i/ry1 act alone8--,ib4 ,bett]3 ,:o c act alone1 ei!r 9 opposition1 or 9 ! m9i/ry8--,ib4 ,i1 l o!rs1 h1 9 my y\?1 trifl$ ) my heal?1 & old age n[ prematurely assails me4--,ib41 p4 #cbg4 ,bett]3 ,l o!rs1 ,i h trifl$ ) my heal?1 & old age n[ prematurely assails me4 ,,precept ,,ii4--,treat diff]5t topics 9 sep>ate p>agraphs1 & di/9ct s5tim5ts 9 sep>ate s5t5ces4 ,error3 ,! two volumes are1 inde$1 intimately connect$1 & con/itute "o uni=m sy/em ( ,engli% ,gramm>4--,murray's ,preface1 p4 iv4 ,bett] ?us3 ,! two volumes are1 inde$1 intimately connect$4 ,!y con/itute "o uni=m sy/em ( ,engli% gramm>4 ,,precept ,,iii4--,9 ! progress ( a s5t5ce1 d n des]t ! pr9cipal subjects 9 fav\r ( adjuncts1 or *ange ! sc5e unnecess>ily4 ,example3 ,aft] we came to an*or1 !y put me on %ore1 :]e ,i 0 welcom$ by all my fri5ds1 :o receiv$ me ) ! greate/ k9dness1 :i* 0 n !n expect$4 ,bett]3 ,! vessel hav+ come to an*or1 ,i 0 put on %ore2 :]e ,i 0 unexpect$ly welcom$ by all my fri5ds1 & receiv$ ) ! greate/ k9dness4--,see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ajg4 ,,precept ,,iv4--,d n introduce p>5!ses1 except :5 a lively rem>k may be ?r[n 9 )\t div]t+ ! m9d too long f ! pr9cipal subject4 ,example3 ,b 7sai? he7 s9ce ,i take ^u me to tea* ! :ole _w1 7x is /range1 x %\ld be s natural = ?is man to write untru?s1 s9ce ,i direct my ,!ses only to ! ,*ri/ian _w2 b if x may r5d] me odi\s1 su* ,peccadillo's pass ) him1 x seems1 b = ,pi ,fraudes37 ,i int5d$ nev] to write ( ^? ?+s1 conc]n+ :i* we d n diff] f o!rs4--,r4 ,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 iii4 p4 #bgi4 ,! p>ts ( ?is s5t5ce are s put toge!r1 t1 z a :ole1 x is sc>cely intelligible4 ,,section ,,vi4--,,( ,,/r5g?4 ,/r5g? consi/s 9 giv+ to ! sev]al words & memb]s ( a s5t5ce1 su* an arrangem5t z %all br+ out ! s5se to ! be/ advantage1 & pres5t e idea 9 its due importance4 ,p]haps x is ess5tial to ?is quality ( /yle1 t !re be animation1 _s1 & vig\r ( ?\ght1 9 all t is utt]$4 ,a few h9ts conc]n+ ! ,/r5g? ( s5t5ces1 w "h be giv5 9 ! =m ( precepts4 ,,precept ,i4--,avoid v]bosity2 a concise /yle is ! mo/ fav\rable to /r5g?4 ,examples3 ,no human happ9ess is s pure z n to conta9 any alloy4--,murray's ,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bgj4 ,bett]3 ,no human happ9ess is unalloy$4 ,he 0 s mu* skill$ 9 ! ex]cise ( ! o>1 t few c\ld equal him4--,ib41 p4 #bga4 ,bett]3 ,he 0 s skillful at ! o>1 t few c\ld mat* him4 ,or ?us3 ,at ! o>1 he 0 r>ely equall$4 ,! reason :y !y ! pron\ns are consid]$ sep>ately is1 because !re is some?+ p>ticul> 9 _! inflections4-- ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,bett]3 ,! pron\ns are consid]$ sep>ately1 because !re is some?+ peculi> 9 _! inflections4 ,,precept ,,ii4--,place ! mo/ important words 9 ! situation 9 :i* !y w make ! /ronge/ impression4 ,inv]sion ( t]ms sometimes increases ! /r5g? & vivacity ( an expression3 z1 ,all ^! ?+s w ,i give !e1 if ?\ wilt fall d[n & wor%ip me4--,matt41 iv1 #i4 ,righte\s art ?\1 ,o ,"l1 & upright are ?y judgem5ts4--,psalms1 cxix1 #acg4 ,preci\s 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l is ! dea? ( 8 sa9ts4--,ps41 cxvi1 #ae4 ,,precept ,,iii4--,h reg>d also to ! relative position ( clauses1 or memb]s2 = a weak] ass]tion %\ld n foll[ a /rong]2 &1 :5 ! s5t5ce consi/s ( two memb]s1 ! long] %\ld be ! conclud+ "o4 ,example3 ,we flatt] ourselves ) ! belief t we h =sak5 our passions1 :5 !y h =sak5 u4 ,bett]3 ,:5 our passions h =sak5 u1 we flatt] ourselves ) ! belief t we h =sak5 !m4--,see ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aag2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cbc4 ,,precept ,,iv4--,:5 ?+s are to be comp>$ or contra/$1 _! resemblance or opposition w be r5d]$ m /rik+1 if a pretty ne> resemblance 9 ! language & con/ruction ( ! two memb]s1 be pres]v$4 ,example3 ,! wise man is happy1 :5 he ga9s 8 own approbation2 ! fool1 :5 he recomm5ds himself to ! applause ( ^? ab\t him4 ,bett]3 ,! wise man is happy1 :5 he ga9s 8 own approbation2 ! fool1 :5 he ga9s ! applause ( o!rs4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cbd4 ,,precept ,v4--,rememb] t x is1 9 g5]al1 ungraceful to end a s5t5ce ) an adv]b1 a preposition1 or any inconsid]able ^w or phrase1 :i* may ei!r be omitt$ or be introduc$ e>li]4 ,= in/ance1 x is a great deal bett] to say1 ',av>ice is a crime ( :i* wise m5 are (t5 guilty1' ?an to say1 ',av>ice is a crime :i* wise m5 are (t5 guilty (4'--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #aag2 ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #cbc4 ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,app5dix4 ,,app5dix ,,iv4 ,,to ,,"p ,,f\r?1 ,,or ,,prosody4 ,,( ,,poetic ,,diction4 ,poetry1 z def9$ by ,dr4 ,blair1 is ! language ( passion1 or ( enliv5$ imag9ation1 =m$1 mo/ commonly1 into regul> numb]s4--,rhet41 p4 #cgg4 ,! /yle ( poetry diff]s1 9 _m respects1 f t :i* is commonly adopt$ 9 prose4 ,poetic diction ab\nds 9 bold figures ( spee*1 & unusual collocations ( words4 ,a great "p ( ! figures1 :i* h be5 treat$ ( 9 "o ( ! *apt]s ( ,prosody1 are purely poetical4 ,! prim>y aim ( a poet1 is1 to please & to move2 &1 !re=e1 x is to ! imag9ation1 & ! passions1 t he speaks4 ,he may also1 & he %\ld1 h x 9 8 view1 to in/ruct & to re=m2 b x is indirectly1 & by pleas+ & mov+1 t su* a writ] accompli%es ?is end4 ,! ext]ior & mo/ obvi\s di/9ction ( poetry1 is v]sification3 yet !re are "s =ms ( v]se s loose & famili>1 z to be h>dly di/+ui%able f prose2 & !re is also a species ( prose1 s measur$ 9 its cad5ces1 & s mu* rais$ 9 its tone1 z to approa* v ne>ly to poetic numb]s4 ,?is d\ble approximation ( "s poetry to prose1 & ( "s prose to poetry1 n only makes x a matt] ( ackn[l$g$ difficulty to di/+ui%1 by satisfactory def9itions1 ! two species ( composition1 b1 9 _m in/ances1 emb>rasses ) l difficulty ! attempt to %[1 by /atem5ts & examples1 :at usages or lic5ses1 f\nd 9 ,engli% works1 are prop] to be reg>d$ z peculi>ities ( poetic diction4 ,x is purpos$ "h1 to enum]ate sundry deviations f ! common /yle ( prose2 & p]haps all ( !m1 or ne>ly all1 may be ju/ly consid]$ z p]ta9+ only to poetry4 ,,poetical ,,peculi>ities4 ,! foll[+ are among ! *ief peculi>ities 9 :i* ! poets indulge1 & are indulg$3-- ,i4 ,!y n unfrequ5tly omit ! ,,articles1 = ! sake ( brevity or metre2 z1 ,:at dreadful pleasure6 !re to /& sublime1 ,l %ipwreck'd m>9] on des]t coa/6 --,beattie's ,m9/rel1 p4 #ab4 ,sky l\r'd1 &1 mutt]+ ?und]1 "s sad drops ,wept at complet+ ( ! mortal s94 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ix1 l4 #ajjb4 ,,ii4 ,!y sometimes abbreviate common ,,n\ns1 aft] a mann] ( _! own3 z1 amaze1 = amazem5t2 acclaim1 = acclamation2 consult1 = consultation2 corse1 = corpse2 eve or ev51 = ev5+2 f\nt1 = f\nta92 helm1 = helmet2 lam5t1 = lam5tation2 morn1 = morn+2 pla9t1 = compla9t2 t>ge1 = t>get2 weal1 = weal?4 ,,iii4 ,by enallage1 !y use v]bal =ms sub/antively1 or put v]bs = n\ns2 p]haps = brevity1 z above3 ?us1 #a4 ,in/ant1 )\t di/urb1 !y took al>m4 --,p4 ,lo/3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,aw>e4 #b4 ,! graci\s ,judge1 )\t revile reply'd4 --,p4 ,lo/1 ,b4 x1 l4 #aah4 #c4 ,if !y 7 kn[n1 z ! suspect is great4 --,%akspe>e4 #d4 ,m>k1 & p]=m x3 see/ ?\8 = ! fail ,( any po9t 9't %all be dea?4 --,%akspe>e4 ,,iv4 ,!y employ sev]al n\ns t are n us$ 9 prose1 or are us$ b r>ely2 z1 b5ison1 boon1 emprise1 fane1 gu]don1 guise1 ire1 k51 lore1 me$1 sire1 /e$1 welk91 yore4 ,v4 ,!y introduce ! n\n self aft] an o!r n\n ( ! possessive case2 z1 #a4 ,affliction's semblance b5ds n o'er ?y tomb1 ,affliction's self deplores ?y y\?ful doom4--,byron4 #b4 ,?\ghtless ( beauty1 %e 0 beauty's self4--,?omson4 ,,vi4 ,!y place be=e ! v]b n\ns1 or o!r words1 t usually come aft] x2 &1 aft] x1 ^? t usually come be=e x3 z1 #a4 ,no jeal\sy _! dawn ( love o'erca/1 ,nor bla/$ 7 _! w$d$ days ) /rife4 --,beattie4 #b4 ,no hive ha/ ?\ ( ho>d$ sweets4 --,w4 ,all5's ,gram4 #c4 ,?y *a9 a wret*$ weight %all prove4 --,langhorne4 #d4 ,foll[s ! loos5'd aggravat$ ro>4 --,?omson4 #e4 ,t purple gr[s ! primrose pale4 --,langhorne4 ,,vii4 ,!y m frequ5tly place ,,adjectives aft] _! n\ns1 ?an d prose writ]s2 z1 #a4 ,or :]e ! gorge\s ,ea/1 ) ri*e/ h&1 ,%['rs on h] k+s b>b>ic1 pe>l & gold4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 ii1 l4 #b4 #b4 ,come1 nymph demure1 ) mantle blue4 --,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 #c4 ,?is tru? sublime 8 simple sire _h taught4 --,beattie's ,m9/rel1 p4 #ad4 ,,viii4 ,!y ascribe qualities to ?+s to :i* !y d n lit]ally belong2 z1 #a4 ,! pl\ghman homew>d plods 8 we>y way4 --,gray's ,elegy1 l4 #c4 #b4 ,or dr[sy t9kl+s lull ! di/ant folds4 --,ibidem1 l4 #h4 #c4 ,imbitt]'d m & m f peevi% day to day4 --,?omson4 #d4 ,all ?9 & nak$1 to ! numb cold night4 --,%akspe>e4 ,,ix4 ,!y use concrete t]ms to express ab/ract qualities2 7i4 e41 adjectives = n\ns27 z1 #a4 ,e>?'s meane/ son1 all trembl+1 pro/rate falls1 ,& on ! b\ndless ( ?y goodness calls4 --,"y4 #b4 ,mean:ile1 :ate'er ( beautiful or new1 ,sublime or dreadful1 9 e>?1 sea1 or sky1 ,by *ance or se>*1 0 (f]'d to 8 view1 ,he scann'd ) curi\s & romantic eye4 --,beattie4 #c4 ,won f ! void & =mless inf9ite4 --,milton4 #d4 ,to ?y l>ge he>t give utt]ance due2 ?y he>t ,conta9s ( good1 wise1 j1 ! p]fect %ape4 --,id41 ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 iii1 l4 #aj4 ,x4 ,!y (t5 sub/itute quality = mann]2 7i4 e41 adjectives = adv]bs27 z1 #a4 ----,! /ately-sail+ swan ,gives out 8 sn[y plumage to ! gale1 ,&1 ar*+ pr\d 8 neck1 ) o>y feet1 ,be>s =w>d fi]ce1 & gu>ds 8 osi] isle4 --,?omson4 #b4 ,?i!r cont9ual pilgrims cr[d$ /ill4 --,id41 ,cos4 ( ,ind41 i1 #h4 #c4 ,level at beauty1 & at wit2 ,! faire/ m>k is easie/ hit4 --,butl]'s ,hudibras4 ,,xi4 ,!y =m new comp\nd epi!ts1 (t5] ?an d prose writ]s2 z1 #a4 ,9 _w-rejoic+ /ate1 x moves sublime4 --,?omson4 #b4 ,! dewy-skirt$ cl\ds imbibe ! sun4 --,idem4 #c4 ,by brooks & groves 9 holl[-:isp]+ gales4 --,idem4 #d4 ,! violet ( sky-wov5 ve/4 --,langhorne4 #e4 ,a league f ,epidamnum _h we sail'd1 ,be=e ! always-w9d-obey+ deep ,gave any tragic in/ance ( our h>m4 --,%akspe>e4 #f4 ',blue-ey$1 /range-voic$1 %>p-beak$1 ill-om5$ f[l1 ,:at art ?\8' ',:at ,i ought to be1 an owl4' --,day's ,punctuation1 p4 #aci4 ,,xii4 ,!y connect ! comp>ative degree to ! positive1 be=e a v]b2 z1 #a4 ,ne> & m ne> ! bill[s rise4 --,m]rick4 #b4 ,wide & wid] spreads ! vale4 --,dy]'s ,grong> ,hill4 #c4 ,wide & m wide1 ! ov]fl[+s ( ! m9d ,take e creature 91 ( e k9d4 --,pope4 #d4 ,?ick & m ?ick ! black blockade ext5ds1 ,a hundr$ head ( ,ari/otle's fri5ds4 --,id41 ,dunciad4 ,,xiii4 ,!y =m _m adjectives 9 y1 :i* are n common 9 prose2 z1 ,! dimply flood1--dusky veil1--a gleamy ray1--heapy h>ve/s1--moony %ield1--paly circlet1--%eety lake1--/illy lake1--spiry temples1--/eely casque1--/eepy hill1--t[]y height1--va/y deep1--wri?y snake4 ,,xiv4 ,!y employ adjectives ( an abbreviat$ =m3 z1 dread1 = dreadful2 dre>1 = dre>y2 ebon1 = ebony2 ho>1 = ho>y2 lone1 = lonely2 scant1 = scanty2 slope1 = slop+3 submiss1 = submissive2 v]mil1 = v]milion2 yon1 = yond]4 ,,xv4 ,!y employ sev]al adjectives t are n us$ 9 prose1 or are us$ b seldom2 z1 azure1 bli!1 boon1 dank1 d>kl+1 d>ksome1 d\ghty1 dun1 fell1 rife1 rapt1 rueful1 se>1 sylvan1 twa91 wan4 ,,xvi4 ,!y employ ! p]sonal ,,pron\ns1 & introduce _! n\ns aft]w>ds2 z1 #a4 ,x curl'd n ,twe$ alone1 t breeze4 --,sir ,w4 ,scott4 #b4 ,:at may x be1 ! heavy s\nd ,t moans old ,branksome's turrets r\nd8 --,idem1 ,lay1 p4 #ba4 #c4 ,is x ! lightn+'s quiv]+ glance1 ,t on ! ?icket /reams2 ,or d !y fla% on spe> & lance1 ,! sun's retir+ beams --,idem1 ,l4 ( ,l41 vi1 #ae4 ,,xvii4 ,!y use ! =ms ( ! second p]son s+ul> (t5] ?an d o!rs2 z1 #a4 ,yet ,i _h r1 if ,i 7 to *use1 ,?y s]vice 9 "s grav] subject use1 ,su* z may make !e se>* ?y c(f]s r\nd1 ,be=e ?\ clo! my fancy 9 fit s\nd4 --,milton's ,works1 p4 #acc4 #b4 ,b ?\1 ( temples old1 or alt>s new1 ,/&e/ alone--) no?+ l to !e4 --,byron1 ,pilg41 iv1 #aed4 #c4 ,?\ see/ n all2 b piecemeal ?\ mu/ break1 ,to sep>ate contemplation1 ! great :ole4 --,id41 ib41 iv1 #aeg4 #d4 ,?\ rightly deem/1 fair y\?1 began ! b>d2 ,! =m !n saw/ 0 ,virtue ev] fair4 --,pollok1 ,c4 ( ,t41 p4 #af4 ,,xviii4 ,!y sometimes omit relatives t are nom9atives2 7see ,obs4 #bb1 at p4 #eee27 z1 ,= is !re aught 9 sleep c *>m ! wise8 --,?omson4 ,,xix4 ,!y omit ! antec$5t1 or introduce x aft] ! relative2 z1 #a4 ,:o nev] fa/s1 no banquet e'er enjoys1 ,:o nev] toils or wat*es1 nev] sleeps4 --,arm/rong4 #b4 ,:o d>es ?9k "o ?+ & an o!r tell1 ,my s\l dete/s him z ! gates ( hell4 --,pope's ,hom]4 ,,xx4 ,!y remove relatives1 or o!r connectives1 into ! body ( _! clauses2 z1 #a4 ,p>ts ! f9e locks1 h] graceful head t deck4 --,d>w94 #b4 ,n half s dreadful rises to ! sight ,orion's dog1 ! ye> :5 autumn weighs4 --,pope1 ,iliad1 ,b4 xxii1 l4 #cg4 ,,xxi4 ,!y make intransitive ,,v]bs transitive1 *ang+ _! class2 z1 #a4 ----,a :ile he /&s1 ,gaz+ ! inv]t$ l&scape1 half afraid ,to m$itate ! blue pr(\nd bel[4 --,?omson4 #b4 ,/ill 9 h>moni\s int]c\rse1 !y liv'd ,! rural day1 & talk'd ! fl[+ he>t4 --,idem4 #c4 ----,i saw & he>d1 = we sometimes ,:o dwell ?is wild1 con/ra9'd by want1 come =?4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 i1 l4 #ccj4 ,,xxii4 ,!y make transitive v]bs intransitive1 giv+ !m no regim52 z1 #a4 ,! soldi]s %\ld h toss'd me on _! pikes1 ,be=e ,i w\ld h grant$ to t act4 --,%akspe>e4 #b4 ,?is m9/rel-god1 well-pleas$1 amid ! quire ,/ood pr\d to hymn1 & tune 8 y\?ful lyre4 --,pope4 ,,xxiii4 ,!y give to ! imp]ative mood ! fir/ & ! ?ird p]son2 z1 #a4 ,turn we a mom5t fancy's rapid flight4 --,?omson4 #b4 ,be man's peculi> "w 8 sole delight4 --,beattie4 #c4 ,& :at is reason8 ,be %e ?us def9'd3 ,reason is upright /ature 9 ! s\l4 --,"y4 ,,xxiv4 ,!y employ c1 c\ld1 & w\ld1 z pr9cipal v]bs transitive2 z1 #a4 ,:at = ourselves we c1 is always ours4 --,anon4 #b4 ,:o does ! be/ 8 circum/ance all[s1 ,does well1 acts nobly2 angels c\ld no m4 --,"y4 #c4 ,:at w\ld ?is man8 ,n[ upw>d w he so>1 ,&1 little less ?an angel1 w\ld be m4 --,pope4 ,,xxv4 ,!y place ! inf9itive be=e ! ^w on :i* x dep5ds2 z1 #a4 ,:5 fir/ ?y sire to s5d on e>? ,virtue1 8 d>l+ *ild1 design'd --,gray4 #b4 ,z (t z ,i1 to kiss ! flood1 decl9e2 ,s (t 8 lips asc5d1 to close ) m9e4 --,s&ys4 #c4 ,besides1 ,m9]va1 to secure h] c>e1 ,diffus'd ar\nd a veil ( ?ick5'd air4 --,pope4 ,,xxvi4 ,!y place ! auxili>y v]b aft] its pr9cipal1 by hyp]baton2 z1 #a4 ,no long] he$ ! sunbeam bright ,t plays on ,c>ron's brea/ he c --,langhorne4 #b4 ,foll[ ,i mu/1 ,i _c g be=e4 --,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #adg4 #c4 ,! man :o suff]s1 l\dly may compla92 ,& rage he may1 b he %all rage 9 va94 --,pope4 ,,xxvii4 ,be=e v]bs1 !y sometimes arbitr>ily employ or omit prefixes3 z1 bide1 or abide2 dim1 or b$im2 gird1 or begird2 lure1 or allure2 move1 or emove2 reave1 or b]eave2 vails1 or avails2 vani%1 or evani%2 wail1 or bewail2 weep1 or beweep2 wild]1 or bewild]3-- #a4 ,all knees to !e %all b[1 ( !m t bide ,9 heav'n1 or e>?1 or "u e>? 9 hell4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iii1 l4 #cba4 #b4 ,( a horse1 w>e ! heels2 ( a bull-dog1 ! jaws2 ,( a be>1 ! embrace2 ( a lion1 ! paws4 --,*ur*ills ,cram41 p4 #bae4 ,,xxviii4 ,"s few v]bs !y abbreviate3 z li/1 = li/52 ope1 = op52 h>k1 = he>k52 d>k1 = d>k52 ?reat1 = ?reat52 %>p1 = %>p54 ,,xxix4 ,!y employ sev]al v]bs t are n us$ 9 prose1 or are us$ b r>ely2 z1 appal1 a/\nd1 brook1 c[]1 d(f1 k51 w5d1 we51 tr[4 ,,xxx4 ,!y sometimes imitate a ,greek con/ruction ( ! inf9itive2 z1 #a4 ,:o w\ld n s+ = ,lycidas8 he knew ,himself to s+1 & build ! l(ty rhyme4 --,milton4 #b4 ,= n1 to h be5 dipp'd 9 ,le? lake1 ,c\ld save ! son ( ,!tis f to die4 --,sp5s]4 ,,xxxi4 ,!y employ ! ,,p>ticiples m frequ5tly ?an prose writ]s1 & 9 a con/ruction some:at peculi>2 (t5 int5sive by accumulation3 z1 #a4 ,he came1 &1 /&+ 9 ! mid/1 expla9'd ,! peace reject$1 b ! truce obta9'd4 --,pope4 #b4 ,z a poor mis]able captive ?rall ,comes to ! place :]e he be=e _h sat ,among ! prime 9 spl5dor1 n[ depos'd1 ,eject$1 empti$1 gaz'd1 unpiti$1 %unn'd1 ,a spectacle ( ru9 or ( scorn4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,r41 ,b4 i1 l4 #daa4 #c4 ,?\gh f our bir? ! faculty div9e ,is *a9'd & tortur$--cab9'd1 cribb'd1 conf9$4 --,byron1 ,pilg41 ,c4 iv1 ,/4 #abg4 ,,xxxii4 ,9 turn+ p>ticiples to adjectives1 !y sometimes ascribe actions1 or active prop]ties1 to ?+s to :i* !y d n lit]ally belong2 z1 ,! gre5 leaf quiv]+ 9 ! gale1 ,! w>bl+ hill1 ! l[+ vale4 --,,mallet3 ,union ,poems1 p4 #bf4 ,,xxxiii4 ,!y employ sev]al ,,adv]bs t are n us$ 9 prose1 or are us$ b seldom2 z1 (t1 haply1 inly1 bli!ly1 *e]ily1 deftly1 felly1 rifely1 />kly4 ,,xxxiv4 ,!y give to adv]bs a peculi> location 9 respect to o!r words2 z1 #a4 ,peep+ f =? _! alleys gre54 --,coll9s4 #b4 ,erect ! /&>d !re ( anci5t ,night --,milton4 #c4 ,! sil5ce (t5 ( pure innoc5ce ,p]suades1 :5 speak+ fails4 --,%akspe>e4 #d4 ,:]e ,univ]sal ,love n smiles ar\nd4 --,?omson4 #e4 ,robs me ( t :i* n enri*es him4 --,%akspe>e4 ,,xxxv4 ,!y sometimes omit ! introductory adv]b !re3 z1 ,0 n\ght ar\nd b images ( re/4 --,?omson4 ,,xxxvi4 ,!y briefly comp>e actions by a k9d ( comp\nd adv]bs1 end+ 9 l2 z1 ,:o bid ! /ork1 ,columbus-l1 explore ,heav5s n 8 own1 & worlds unkn[n be=e8 --,pope4 ,,xxxvii4 ,!y employ ! ,,conjunctions1 or--or1 & nor--nor1 z correspond5ts2 z1 #a4 ,or by ! lazy ,s*eldt or w&]+ ,po4 --,goldsmi?4 #b4 ,weal? heap'd on weal?1 nor tru?1 nor safety buys4 --,johnson4 #c4 ,:o by rep5tance is n satisfi$1 ,is nor ( heav51 nor e>?2 = ^! are pleas'd4 --,%akspe>e4 #d4 ,toss x1 or to ! f[ls1 or to ! flames4 --,"y1 ,n4 ,t41 p4 #aeg4 #e4 ,nor %all ! p['rs ( hell1 nor wa/es ( "t1 ,or vanqui%1 or de/roy4 --,gibbon's ,elegy on ,davies4 ,,xxxviii4 ,!y (t5] place ,,prepositions & _! adjuncts1 be=e ! words on :i* !y dep5d1 ?an d prose writ]s2 z1 ,aga9/ y\r fame ) fondness hate comb9es2 ,! rival batt]s1 & ! lov] m9es4 --,dr4 ,johnson4 ,,xxxix4 ,!y sometimes place a long or dissyllabic preposition aft] its object2 z1 #a4 ,:5 beauty1 ,ed5's b[]s )91 ,fir/ /ret*$ ! arm to de$s ( s91 ,:5 passion burn'd & prud5ce slept1 ,! pity+ angels b5t & wept4 --,james ,hogg4 #b4 ,! ,muses fair1 ^! peaceful %ades among1 ,) skillful f+]s sweep ! trembl+ /r+s4 --,lloyd4 #c4 ,:]e ,e*o walks /eep hills among1 ,li/'n+ to ! %eph]d's song4 --,j4 ,w>ton1 ,u4 ,poems1 p4 #cc4 ,,xl4 ,!y h occasionally employ$ c]ta9 prepositions = :i*1 p]haps1 x w\ld n be easy to cite prosaic au?ority2 z1 ad[n1 al(t1 alo(1 ane>1 anea?1 askant1 aslant1 aslope1 atwe51 atwixt1 bes\?1 trav]se1 ?or\gh1 sans4 7,see ,obs4 #aj?1 & o!rs1 at p4 #dda47 ,,xli4 ,!y (t5] employ ,,int]jections ?an d prose writ]s2 z1 ,o let me gaze6--,( gaz+ !re's no end4 ,o let me ?9k6--,?\ght too is wild]'d "h4 --,"y4 ,,xlii4 ,!y (t5] employ ,,antiquat$ ,,words & modes ( expression2 z1 #a4 ,)\t5 t1 w\ld come an heavi] bale4 --,?omson4 #b4 ,he 01 to weet1 a little rogui% page1 ,save sleep & play1 :o m9d$ n\ght at all4 --,id4 #c4 ,n "o eftsoons 9 view 0 to be f\nd4 --,id4 #d4 ,to numb] up ! ?\s&s dwell+ "h1 ,an useless 71 & eke an endless task4 --,id4 #e4 ,( cl]ks good pl5ty "h y mote espy4 --,id4 #f4 ,b ^! ,i pass5 by ) nameless numb]s moe4 --,id4 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,app5dix ,,f\r? ,,index ,,to ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s4 ,a/]ism ,9 ! foll[+ ,index1 ! page ( ! ,gramm> is directly ref]r$ to3 ,obs4 or ,n4 be=e a num]al1 /&s = ,obs]vation or ,obs]vations1 or = ,note or ,notes ( ! text3 ,r4 aft] a ref]5ce1 /&s = ,,rule4 ,! small lett] n41 ) an a/]isk or o!r m>k affix$ to x1 relates to a footnote ) su* m>k 9 ! ,gramm>4 ,occasionally1 t41 m41 or b41 or u41 or l41 accompanies a ref]5ce1 to indicate ! top1 middle1 or bottom1 or ! upp] or ! l[] half1 ( ! page ref]r$ to4 ,few abbreviations are employ$ beyond ^? ( ! ord9>y grammatical t]ms4 ,! ,index is n int5d$ to sup]s$e ! use ( ! ,table ( ,cont5ts1 :i* /&s aft] ! ,preface4 ,x is occupi$ :olly ) ! matt] ( ! ,gramm> prop]2 h5ce !re are 9 x no ref]5ces to ! ,introduction ,hi/orical & ,critical1 :i* prec$es ! didactic portion ( ! "w4 ,9 ! ,table be=e-m5tion$ mu/ be s\ght ! g5]al division ( ,engli% gramm>1 & matt]s p]ta9+ to praxis1 to exam9ation1 & to ! writ+ ( ex]cises4 ,a4 ,a1 lett41 names itself --its plur4 --s\nds prop]ly its own --numb4 ( s\nds p]ta9+ to1 or?opi/s diff] conc]n+ --diph?ongs beg9n+ )1 --triph?4 d4 --its true s\nd to be c>efully pres]v$ at end ( words1 ,a1 z prep1 or prefix --be=e "p1 9 +4 ,a & an1 9 ,gr4 d]ivatives4 ,a or an1 art41 see ,an1 ,a ,abbreviations1 frequ5t 9 writt4 lang4 --rule ( punct4 =4 ,c1 ,m1 ,d1 c41 z num]als1 see ,lett]s4 ,ne$less abbreviations1 to be avoid$ ,able1 ible1 class ( adjectives 91 num]\s 9 ,eng42 difficulty ) resp4 to ! prop4 =m & signif4 (2 to :at able mo/ prop]ly belongs --application ( able to n\ns1 its propriety d\btf4 --,able or ible1 prop4 application (1 h[ f> det]m9$ f ,lat4 etymol4 --,able & ible1 words ( ! same mean+ 91 h[ =m$ f diff]5t roots1 ,ab\t1 ) inf941 z sub/itute = ,lat4 fut4 "p1 9 rus --,ab\t1 ) ( prec$41 7,,( ,,ab\t "o hundr$ feet7 --,ab\t1 d]ivat4 (1 f ,sax4 ,abrupt transitions 9 ! ,bible ,absolute1 :51 & 9 :at case1 a n\n or a pron4 is put --,absol41 case1 defect ( ! common rule = --9 h[ _m ways ! nom4 case is put --nom4 case put1 ) "p41 to :at (t5 equival5t2 :at "p4 frequ5tly und]/ood aft] n\ns put --case1 its exi/5ce d5i$ by :at au?ors --words put1 punct4 (1 ,ab/ract numb]s1 synt4 ( ! phraseology us$ 9 speak+ (1 7,twice two ,,is f\r1 or ,twice two ,,are f\r7 ,absurd or incompatible expressions1 to be avoid$ ,absurdities ( expression1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ ,acatalectic1 :5 a l9e is said to be ,acc5t & quantity1 critical obs]vations on ,acc5t1 difficulty ) respect to ! import ( ! ^w --v>i\s def9itions (1 cit$ --,acc5t1 conf\nd$ by "s ) emphasis --def9$1 z commonly und]/ood --*ief or prim>y & second>y --,acc5t1 by :at regulat$ --comp>$ ) emphasis --z affect$ by d4 --is di/9ct f quantity --z und]/ood by ,,dr4 ,,joh4 --,,%]id4 tea*+s conc]n+2 mo/ly adopt$ by ,,murr4 --:at lett4 ( a ^w receives ! m>k ( --/ress on a monosyl4 m prop]ly emphasis ?an --,acc5ts1 m ?an "o on a ^w --,,dr4 ,,adam',s view ( ,acc5tuation1 mod]n1 ( ,gr4 & ,lat4 words1 by :at regulat$2 ,,sanctius',s rule =1 new v]s4 ( ,accord+ to1 z to1 resolv$4 ,accord+ly1 :e!r may be said = ! que/ionable accord+ ,accusative be=e inf941 9 ,lat4 & ,gr41 ( :at reckon$ ! subject --:e!r ! con/ruc4 c 9 g5]al be imitat$ 9 ,eng4 --:o adopt ! ,lat4 doctr9e ( --:at our ne>e/ approa* to ! ,lat4 con/ruc4 ( ,active1 9 ref]5ce to v]bs1 9 :at s5se may be us$ ,active-transitive v]b1 def9$ --,act4-trans4 v]bs gov4 obj4 case --place ( ag5t & object 9 respect to --,act4-trans4 v]b1 or "p41 has "s n\n or pron4 = its object --) two words 9 appos4 7,proclaim ,,!e ,,k+17 --) d41 nei!r 9 appos4 nor connect$ by conjunc41 7,i paid ,,him ! ,,money17 --) r$und4 me1 !e1 y --%\ld n be us$ )\t an object --%\ld n assume a gov]nm4 incompatible ) its signif4 ,active-intransitive v]b1 def9$ --,act4-intrans4 v]b1 ) prep4 & its object1 put 9 ! pass4 =m --9 pass4 =m ) neut4 signif4 7,i ,,am ,,come17 --%\ld n be us$ transitively ,addison1 undes]v$ly criticis$ by ,,blair1 = 8 frequ5t use ( t1 z a relative ,addition1 enum]ation1 ( numb]s1 by :at numb] ( ! v]b to be express$ ,address1 ord9>y fa%ion (1 9 ,eng41 ! plur4 numb4 --has introduc$ ! anomal4 comp\nd y\rself --,address1 direct1 nom4 absol4 by --t]ms (1 y\r ,maje/y1 y\r ,highness1 c41 9 :at con/ruc4 us$ --g5]al usage (1 9 ,fr42 9 ,span41 ,portug41 or ,g]m4 ,,adjectives1 ,etymol4 ( --,classes (1 nam$ & def9$ --,modifications ( --,comp>ison (1 reg42 by adv]bs2 irreg4 --,adjectives 9 able & ible1 7see ,able1 ,ible47 --,adjectives1 numb] (1 9 ,eng4 --h[ h be5 o!rwise call$ --h[ di/+ui%$ f n\ns --o!r p>ts ( spee* may become --,,murr41 on n\ns assum+ ! nature ( --:e!r n\ns plur4 c assume ! "* ( --,adjectives t _c be comp>$ --t are comp>$ by means ( adv]bs --7,see ,comp>ison1 ,comp>ative ,deg41 & ,sup]lative ,deg47 --,adjectives requir+ ! article ! --d5ot+ place or situation1 comp>ison ( --become adv]bs --use (1 = adv41 improp] --) prep41 ellipt41 equival5t to adv4 --poet41 = n\ns --d41 = adv]bs --,adjectives1 ,synt4 ( --d41 9 :at consi/s --to :at relate --sub/itut$ ellipt4 = _! ab/r4 n\ns --relate to n\ns or pron\ns und]/ood --us$ ) def4 art41 ellipt41 z n\ns --two or m be=e a n\n1 ord] ( --two1 jo9$ by hyph5s --d5ot+ unity or plurality1 h[ agree ) _! n\ns --connect$1 position ( --diff]+ 9 numb41 connect$ )\t repetition ( n\n 7,,"o or m lett]s17 --mu*1 little1 c41 prec$$ by too1 h[1 c41 tak5 sub/antively --,adjectives1 punct4 ( --d]ivation (1 f n\ns1 f adjectives1 c4 --poet4 peculi>ities 9 respect to --,adjective1 tak5 ab/ractly ) inf94 or "p4 --foll[+ a f9ite v]b1 )\t a n\n --d4 an inf94 or a "p4 --position (1 9 ,eng4 --:5 may ei!r prec$e or foll[ its n\n --,:e!r adj4 or adv4 is requir$1 h[ det]m9$ --,adjective1 "o sup]add$ to an o!r1 )\t conjunc41 position ( --:5 ! figure (1 affects ! s5se1 :at to be done --%\ld n be repres5t$ by a pron\n --ellipsis (1 %[n ,adjectives1 common1 probable numb4 (1 9 ,eng4 --enum]ation (1 accord+ to _! end+s ,adjectives1 comp\nd1 analogies ( _! =mation1 trac$ --n\ns d]iv$ f1 g5]ally disapprov$ ,adjectives1 num]al1 k9ds (1 nam$ --,c>d9al numb4 & its correspond+ num]al1 :at d5ote --,con/ruction & figure ( ! num]als ,adjectives1 p>ticipial1 :at words to be ref]r$ to ! class ( --_c be con/ru$ to gov]n obj4 case ,adjectives1 pronom9al1 li/ ( --:i*1 sometimes us$ adv]bially --:i*1 sometimes us$ p>titively1 app>4 z n\ns --)\t n\ns express$1 h[ p>s$ --di/ribution (1 by ,,*ur* ,see ,o!r1 c4 ,adjectives1 prop]1 peculi>ities (1 consid]$ --rule = initial capital 9 ,adjuncts ( nom9ative 9 ! agreem5t ( a v]b ,admitt+1 all[+1 c41 app>4 indep5d5t1 to :at may relate ,,adv]bs1 ,etymol4 ( --,adv]b1 def9$ --,adv]bs1 s]ve to abbreviate expression --o!r classes ( words sometimes take ! nature ( --app>4 take ! nat4 ( o!r p>ts ( spee* --h[ di/+ui%$ f adjectives --,classes (1 nam$ & def9$ --prop] classification (1 by :at indicat$ --( "t1 place1 & mann]1 ) :at connect$2 ( degree1 d4 --conjunctive 7see ,conjunctive ,adv]b37 --,modifications ( --numb] (1 9 ,eng4 --,:e!r adv]b or adjective requir$1 h[ det]m9$ --,adv]bs1 ,synt4 ( --9 :at d4 consi/s --to :at relate --,adv]b be=e a prep4 7,,consid]ably beyond17 --,adv]bs1 :e!r sometimes qualify n\ns --( p>ticiples :i* become n\ns1 h[ manag$ --above1 !n1 c41 z relat+ directly to a n\n1 h[ p>s$ --,adv]bs1 ( degree1 to :at adjectives n applicable --direct use (1 = pron\ns1 inelegant --position ( --ne$less use (1 = adjectives --hi!r1 c41 = "h1 c41 ) v]b ( motion --h5ce1 c41 ) f prefix$ --:51 c41 n to foll[ is 9 a def9ition 7,concord is ,,:51 c417 --ev] & nev]1 to be c>efully di/+ui%$ --9 ly1 :5 pref]able to o!r =ms --,adv]b1 app>4 made object ( a prep4 7,at ,,once17 --emphatic1 ) v]b ( self-motion suppress$ 7,i'll ,,h5ce17 --,adv]b ,,h[1 misuse ( 7,he said ,,h[1 c417 --,,no1 n to be us$ 9 ref]5ce to a v]b or a "p4 --,adv]bial =m or "*1 words (1 h[ p>s$ --,adv]bs1 punct4 ( --,adv]b1 ellips4 (1 %[n --,adv]bs1 d]ivation (1 --_m common ,eng41 ( ,anglo-,sax4 orig9 --poet4 peculi>ities 9 ! use ( --peculi> use ( ^? ( two syllables 9 ly1 by ,,milt4 & 8 contempor>ies --,adv]bial phrase1 a ne$less & improp] designation 9 analysis ,affectation ( f9e writ+1 ,,prec4 aga9/ ,ago & s9ce1 diff]5ce betwe5 ,,agreem5t1 ( words1 def9$ --) :at synonym\s --,agreem5t1 h[ _m ( ! p>ts ( spee* 9 ,eng41 incapable (2 none necess>y betwe5 words unrelat$ --z diff]+ f relation --( words 9 ! same con/ruc41 n easy to det]m9e --rules (1 z appli$ to articles1 imp]t95t --,agreem5ts1 syntactical1 9 ,eng41 specifi$ --,agreem5t1 g5]al pr9ciples ( --figurative1 ( pron\ns ) antec$5ts ,ah1 sometimes dep>ts f usage ,alex&r9e v]se1 description ( ,alias1 = ! equivocal or1 use (1 9 judicial proce$+s ,all1 :5 may be reckon$ a n\n ,allegory1 def9$ --,allegory includes mo/ p>ables ( ,script41 & "s fables ,alphabet1 ,eng41 names & plur4 numb4 ( ! lett]s --,hebrew1 names & *>act]s (1 giv51 --,greek1 d4 --,lat91 names ( ! lett]s (1 sc>cely kn[n ev5 to ! le>n$2 acc\nt ( its lett]s --,a p]fect alphabet 9 ,eng41 :at x w\ld effect --,lett]s ( ! alphabet1 :5 & h[ us$ 9 ! sci5ces ,alphabetic writ+1 its advantage ov] ! syllabic ,ambigu\s1 con/ruc41 ) respect to ! class ( a ^w --d41 ) resp4 to ! case ( a ^w --expressions1 ,,prec4 aga9/ ,am51 use & import ( ,among & among/1 amid & amid/1 diff]5t 9 s5se & con/ruc4 f betwe5 & betwixt --incompatible ) ! di/ributive "o an o!r --d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,amphibra*1 def9$ ,amphimac1 amphimac]1 or ,cretic1 def9$4 ,an1 conjunc41 obsolete = if 7,nay1 ,,an ?\ 'lt m\!1 c41 ,,%ak417 --d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,an1 a1 art41 "o & ! same --pref]able =m be=e a p>ticul> s\nd --,a or an be=e g5us --h[ commonly limits ! s5se --belongs to s+4 numb4 only --) adjective ( numb4 --its effect ^u prop] & common n\ns --is )\t agreem4 --,:e!r an is f a or a f an --,an1 a1 orig9 ( --( proportion --) num]als --by :at def9itives sup]s$$ --implies unity2 sometimes prec$es collective n\n convey+ ! idea ( plurality --pres5t usage (1 h[ diff]s f t ( anci5t writ]s --use (1 be=e humble1 & its comp\nds & d]ivatives --errone\s use (1 z relat+ to a plural --n to be us$ = !1 to d5ote emphat4 a :ole k9d ,analysis1 to analyze a s5t5ce1 :at --,analysis ( s5t5ces %[n 9 five diff]5t me?ods2 :i* me?od ,,br[n calls ! be/ & mo/ ?or\gh --,analysis1 notices ( ! diff]5t me?ods ( --importance (1 9 tea*+ gramm>2 ! true/ me?od (1 p>s+ ,anape/1 def9$ ,anape/ic v]se1 treat$ --:at syll4 (1 has /ress2 fir/ foot (1 h[ may be v>i$ --:at v>iation (1 produces composite v]se --:e!r a surplus syll4 91 may comp5sate = a defici5t "o --:at numb] ( syllables 9 ! longe/ measure ( --,anape/ic v]se %[n 9 its f\r measures --,anape/ic1 measures1 :y few --poetry1 pieces 9 g5]al %ort --7in/ance ( a long piece1 ,l4 ,,hunt',s ,fea/ ( ! ,poets17 ,&1 discrim9at$ f or --:5 pref]able to )1 or1 or nor --:e!r emphatic ( ^w or phrase foll[+ x 7,"p pays1 ,,& ju/ly2 c41 ,,pope17 --d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,anglo-,saxon dialect1 & accessions !reto1 z =m+ ! mod]n ,eng4 lang4 ,an o!r1 see ,o!r ,antec$5t1 prop] s5se ( ! t]m --sometimes plac$ aft] its pron\n --sometimes d\bly re/rict$ --( pron41 appli$ figuratively --s+41 ) ! adj4 _m1 & a plur4 pron4 --suppress$ --,antec$5ts ( diff]5t p]sons1 numb]s1 & g5d]s1 disjunctively connect$1 h[ repres5t$ --jo9t1 agreem4 ( pron4 9 ellipt4 con/ruct4 ( ,antibac*y1 or hypobac*y1 def9$ ,antiquat$ words & modes ( expression1 m frequ5t 9 poetry ?an 9 prose ,anti!sis1 def9$ ,aori/1 or indef9ite1 may be appli$ to imp]f4 t5se pot4 & subjunc4 ,aphresis1 def9$ ,apocope1 def9$ ,apophasis1 or p>alipsis1 expla9$ ,apo/rophe1 m>k1 :at d5otes2 = :at sometimes us$ --at :at p]iod introduc$ into ! poss4 case ,apo/rophe1 figure1 def9$ ,apposition1 ,synt4 --agreem5t betwe5 words 9 --,apposition1 :at1 & f :om receiv$ ?is "n --diff]5t f same cases put aft] v]bs & p>ticiples n trans42 false tea*+s ( ,,murr4 et al4 h]eon --! rule =1 to :i* appos$ t]m appli$2 :e!r words 91 %\ld be p>s$ sep>ately --common rule & def9ition (1 :]e9 faulty --:i* ^w (1 ! explanatory t]m2 :5 explan4 ^w plac$ fir/ --9 :at case (1 ei!r ^w may be tak5 z ! explan4 t]m1 --:y two possessive words _c be 9 --two or m n\ns 91 :]e sign ( possession put --:e!r compat4 )1 to supply relative & v]b betwe5 ! appos$ words --,apposition1 app>41 ( n\n )\t poss4 sign1 ) pron4 possess4 7,,y\r success z an ,,in/ruct]17 --n\n or pron4 emphat4 repeat$ 7,ci/]ns1 brok5 ,,ci/]ns1 c417 --app>41 ( a n\n to a s5t5ce --( words diff]+ 9 numb4 7,g ,,ye e ,,man17 --( prop] n\ns ) appellatives 7,! riv] ,,?ames17 --act4 v]b foll[$ by two words 9 --:e!r requires any o!r agreem4 ?an t ( cases --words 91 punct4 ( --( a common ) a prop4 "n1 use ( capital lett4 ,ar*aism1 :at ,ari/otle1 division ( ! ,greek lett]s --:at neot]ics wis] ?an2 h[ consid]s ! comp\nd+ or non-comp\nd+ ( t]ms ,ari?metical numb]s1 relation ( ! t]ms 9 ,,arrangem5t ( words1 t]m def9$ --,arrang4 ( words1 ( :at importance 9 synt42 :e!r x affects ! me?od ( p>s+ words ,,articles1 ,etymol4 ( --,article1 def9$ --,article1 common n\n )\t2 ,eng4 n\ns )\t1 tak5 indef9itely p>titive --words ( m]e be+1 us$ )\t --,articles1 h[ (t5 ins]t$ --ne$less1 to be omitt$ --,classes (1 nam$ & def9$ --,modificat4 7an %ort1 to a1 ! only17 --,articles1 ! frequ5t use (2 freq4 misapplication ( --to be di/+ui%$ f adjectives1 & f ea* o!r --app>4 us$ = adv]bs --,article1 ,eng41 its demon/rative "* --d41 comp>$ ) ! ,gr4 def4 art42 no rule = agreem5t (1 appropriate 9 ,eng4 --use (1 be=e names ( riv]s --,articles1 ,synt4 ( --to :at ,,relate --,article1 ) ! poss4 & its gov]n+ n\n1 only "o1 us$ --"o n\n admits ( "o1 only2 be=e an adj41 relates to a n\n und]/ood --:y n repeat$1 z 9 ,fr41 be=e e n\n ( a s]ies2 :y ! omission (1 _c con/itute a prop] ellips4 --position (1 ) respect to its n\n2 ditto1 ) respect to an adj4 & n\n --relative position (1 & adj41 n a matt] ( indiff]5ce --exclud$ by c]ta9 pronom4 adjectives2 :at ones prec$e x2 its position 9 respect to an adj4 ( quality1 limit$ by too1 s1 z1 or h[ --position (1 :5 an adj4 is prec$$ by ano!r adv4 ?an too1 s1 z1 or h[ --d41 :5 an adj4 foll[s its n\n --:e!r ! ins]tion or ! omission (1 c greatly affect ! import ( a s5t5ce --,article1 repetition (1 ) n\ns connect$ --d4 ) adjectives connect$1 &1 oppos4 --add$ to ea* ( two or m n\ns s+41 or a plural put 7,,! nom9ative & ,,! objective ,,case1 or ,,! nom9ative & objective ,,cases17 --use (1 9 special correspond5ce ( phrases --d41 9 correspond5ce peculi> --d41 9 a s]ies ( t]ms --errone\s use (1 be=e ! species1 = ,,!2 d41 :5 ! species is said to be ( ! g5us 7,a ,,jay is a sort ( ,a ,,bird17 --n us$ be=e names ( ! virtues1 vices1 c41 be=e limit$ t]ms1 & be=e n\ns ( def9ite signif4 --d4 be=e titles or names m5tion$ m]ely z su* --d4 be=e a "p4 n tak5 z a n\n --ins]tion or omission (1 ) respect to a comp>ison or an alt]nation made ) two n\ns --requir$ 9 ! con/ruc4 :i* conv]ts a "p4 into a v]bal n\n --,articles1 :at ! false synt4 (1 includes --,ellips4 ( article1 %[n --,articles1 d]ivation ( --frequ5tly omitt$ by ! poets ,see also ,def9ite ,article1 & ,an1 ,a ,articulate or elem5t>y s\nd1 nature ( ,articulation1 z def9$ by ,,com/42 d4 by ,,bolles --,articulation1 h[ diff]s f pronunciation --! pr9ciples (1 :at !y con/itute --a good "o1 :at1 9 ! view ( ,,com/42 d41 9 :at consi/s1 accord+ to ,,%]id42 d4 importance (2 d41 h[ deliv]s words ,z1 z subject or object ( a v]b1 its ,,class --) a clause or s5t5ce z antec$41 d4 ,z1 z relative1 ,,web/4 absurd explanation (2 ,,*&4 d42 ,,bull4 d5ial --to :at con/ruc4 limit$ --peculi>ities ) respect to position --decl9$ --d]ivation (1 f ,teuton41 ,,dr4 ,,joh4 --,z foll[1 z foll[s1 c41 con/ruction (2 ,,murr41 himself p]plex$ by ,,tooke & ,,campb41 deliv]s dubi\s in/ructions conc]n+ --,op9ion ( ,,nix4 & ,,cromb4 conc]n+4 ,z1 z a conjunc41 unit+ words 9 appos4 --betwe5 adj4 or "p4 & its n\n 7,actions ,,z su*7 --) ellips4 ( latt] t]m ( comp>ison 7,= su* ,,z ,,he7 --,z & ?an1 "* & import ( --words connect$ by1 g5]ally put 9 ! same case --,z --z2 z --s2 s 7prec$$ by a negative17 --z2 s --z 7) an inf94 foll[+27 correspond5ts ,ask+ & exclaim+1 simple & appropriate names = ! m>ks (1 desirable ,aspirates1 see ,semiv[els ,a/]isk1 use (4 ,a/]ism1 d4 ,ate1 p>ticul> words end+ 91 peculi>ities ( ,auxili>y1 def9$ --,auxili>y1 =m ( a v]b1 :5 pref]able to ! simp4 --v]bs1 are mo/ly defective --d41 are ne$ful 9 ! conjug4 ( ,engli% v]bs --d41 inflection (1 %[n --,auxili>ies us$ z expletives --,auxili>y1 poet4 plac$ aft] v]b ,av]se1 av]sion1 :e!r to be con/ru$ ) f or to ,avoid+1 v]bs (1 ) "p4 9 /ead ( inf94 ,awkw>dness1 lit]>y1 ,crit4 ,n4 c5sur+ ,ay1 ,i1 ass5tive adv4 --,ay1 sometimes improp4 writt5 = ah ,b4 ,b1 its "n & plur4 numb] --its s\nd --9 :at situations sil5t ,bac*y1 describ$ ,,be1 h[ v>i$ --,,conjugat$1 affirmat4 --,use ( ! =m be = ! pres4 indic4 --,be1 ellips4 ( ! inf94 (t5 ne$lessly suppos$ by ,,all5 et al4 --:e!r x %\ld be ins]t$ aft] ! v]b make --,is1 contract$1 giv+ its nom4 ! same =m z t ( ! poss4 case 7,a ,,wit',s a fea!r1 c41 ,,pope7 ,become1 c41 :e!r !y dem& ! auxili>y am or h ,besides1 prep41 9 :at cases prop] to be us$ aft] else or o!r1 9 lieu ( ?an ,betwe51 _c ref] to m ?an two ?+s --,betwe5 or betwixt1 h[ diff]s 9 use f among or among/ --,betwe51 betwixt1 d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,bible1 ! ,holy1 application ( ! "n --:at is %[n by ,italics 9 ! text ( --quotations 91 h[ indicat$ --abrupt transitions 9 --its g5]al accuracy ( lang4 --9 ! lang4 (1 ye & y1 9 :at con/ructions n f\nd ,bid1 z comm&+1 or z promis+1 its con/ruction ) ! inf94 ,blair1 ,dr41 unju/ly c5sures ,addison's frequ5t use ( t1 z a relative ,blank v]se1 z di/+ui%$ f rhyme ,blund]s1 z readily copi$1 z orig9at$1 by mak]s ( s*ool-books --lit]>y1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ ,bomba/1 z oppos$ to purity1 ,,prec4 aga9/ ,books1 m5tion$ by "n1 rule = capitals ,bo?1 z conjunc41 correspond+ to & --z adj4 --d]ivation (1 acc4 to ,,dr4 ,,murr4 ,brace1 its purpose ,breve1 or /5otone1 = :at us$ ,brevity ( expression1 s\ght 9 ! ord9>y bus9ess ( life ,brok5ness1 or hit*+1 z a fault ( /yle1 ,,prec4 c5sur+ ,b1 save1 z well z1 con/ruc4 ( two n\ns connect$ by --,b1 h[ has acquir$ ! signif4 ( only --9 ambigu\s con/ruc4 7,!re _c be ,,b "o1 c41 ,,kames7 --z us$ = t1 contr>y to its import --d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 --,b & save1 :e!r !y ev] gov]n ! obj4 case z prepositions --,_c b1 con/ruc4 & signif4 ( --,n b1 to :at equival5t1 & ! class ( b ,c4 ,c1 "n & plur4 numb4 ( --s\nds ( --:]e sil5t --) c$illa plac$ "u 77 --writt5 = a numb] --,*1 s\nds ( --,ar*1 s\nd (1 be=e a v[el1 & be=e a conson4 --,ck1 f9al1 = d\ble c ,cad5ce1 expla9$ --faulty1 precept aga9/1 by ,,ripp4 --,,murr4 direction conc]n+ ,cadmus1 c>ri$ ! ,pho5ician alphabet into ,greece ,csura1 signif4 & application ( --,csural or divisional pause2 demi-csuras1 or m9or re/s2 7see ,pauses7 ,c1 v]b1 v>i$ --d]ivation & signif4 ( --,c n & _c1 ) :at di/9ction us$ --,_c1 ) a v]b ( avoid+1 or ) ,,b --,c1 c\ld1 w\ld1 z pr9cipal v]bs1 by poet4 use ,capital lett]s1 capitals1 = :at us$2 h[ m>k$ = ! pr9t]1 9 manuscript --:at ?+s are exhibit$ :olly 91 --,rules = ! use (1 --use (1 9 comp4 prop1 names1 --ne$less1 --lavi% use (1 its effect1 --discrepancies ) respect to1 ab\nd 9 books4 ,c>d9al num]al1 di/+ui%$ f its correspond+ ord9al1 --%\ld foll[ ! ord9al1 9 a specification ( a "p ( a s]ies1 7,! fir/ ,,two174 ,c>et1 9 :at us$1 & = :at purpose4 ,cases1 9 gramm>1 :at1 --nam$ & def9$1 --nom4 & obj41 alike 9 =m1 h[ di/+ui%$1 --on :at f\nd$1 & to :at p>ts ( spee* belong4 --7,see ,nom9ative ,case1 c47 --,cases1 :e!r inf9itives1 p>ticiples1 c41 c take ! nature (1 --:at is ! prop] numb] (1 to be assign$ to ,eng4 n\ns1 --:at au?orities = ! true doctr9e ( ?ree1 --discordant doctr9e ( sundry gramm>ians conc]n+ ! numb1 (1 --,,web/4 & ,,murr4 opposite in/ructions conc]n+ d4 --,cases1 :e!r p]sonal pron\ns h two1 only1 --rules = ! con/ruc4 (1 --:e!r a n\n may be 9 two1 at once1 --:e!r ,eng4 v]bs gov]n two1 --:e!r 9 ,eng41 z 9 ,lat41 :5 a v]b gov]ns two1 ! pass4 reta9s ! latt] case4 --,cases1 same1 7see ,same ,cases47 --,cases1 :at k9ds ( words take diff]5t1 aft] !m4 --,case ( n\n or pron4 aft] "p4 gov]n$ by prep41 :e!r undet]m9$2 err4 ( ,,sanb4 & ,,bull4 h]eon expos42 ,,gree4 false tea*+1 d41 --d\btful1 aft] p>ticiples1 9 :at k9d ( examples f\nd2 canon conc]n+ d4 ,case1 te*nical t]m ) pr9t]s1 7,lett]s ( ! l[] case47 ,cata*resis1 h[ commonly expla9$1 & :at sort ( fig4 ,catalectic1 :5 a measure is said to be4 ,c$illa1 f :om borr[$1 & h[ appli$4 ,*ange1 ( numb4 9 ! second p]s41 ineleg41 --( ! connective ( two nom9atives app>4 requir+ a plur4 v]b1 canon conc]n+4 --,*ang+ ! sc5e1 or des]t+ ! pr9cipal subj41 9 a s5t41 ,,prec4 aga9/4 ,*auc]'s imp]fect measures1 ,,dryd5',s rem>ks on4 ,*]okee alphabet1 "s acc\nt (4 ,*]ubim & s]aphim1 ,heb4 plurals1 sometimes mi/ak5 = s+ul>s4 ,*ief t]ms1 or pr9cipal p>ts1 ( a v]b1 necess>y to be fir/ asc]ta9$4 --,*ief words may be di/+ui%$ by capitals4 ,circumflex1 inflection1 7see ,inflection17 --m>k1 use (4 ,classes "u ! p>ts ( spee*1 :at meant by4 ,classification ( words1 explanations to assi/ beg9n]s 9 mak+1 --,,dr4 ,,wilson',s obs]vations on4 ,clause1 see ,memb]4 ,climax1 def9$4 ,cognom9ation1 relation ( ! article1 9 in/ances (1 7,alex&] ! ,great74 ,collective n\n1 def9$4 --,collective n\ns1 =ms (1 s+4 & plur42 h[ und]/ood1 --g5d4 (1 h[ det]m9$1 --by :at relative repres5t$4 --,collec4 n\n1 repres5t$ by plur4 pron41 --9 :at two ways may be tak51 & ) :at accord ( pron42 ! plur4 con/ruc4 (1 "u :at fig4 ( synt4 rank$ by ! old gramm>ians1 --:e!r ) a s+4 def9itive1 admits a plur4 v]b or pron\n4 --,collec4 n\ns g5]ally admit ( plur4 =m4 --,collect4 n\n1 repres5t$ by s+4 pron4 neut41 --uni=mity ( numb4 to be pres]v$ 9 words con/ruct$ )1 --agreem4 ( v]b )1 --h[ det]m9$ :e!r x conveys ! idea ( plurality or n1 --/rictures on ! rules ( ,,adam1 ,,l[?1 et4 al41 conc]n+1 --,,nix4 notion ( ! con/ruc4 ( v]b &4 --,coll4 n\ns1 p>titive ( plur41 con/ruc4 (1 --z express+ collections ( p]sons1 or coll4 ( ?+s1 :i* mo/ (t5 tak5 plurally1 --:5 n plur4 9 =m1 :e!r x admits ( plur4 adj4 be=e x4 ,colon1 f :at takes its "n1 --= :at us$1 --9 :at ye> adopt$ 9 ,engl&1 --its utility ma9ta9$ aga9/ "s objectors1 --,rules = ! use (1 --us$ by "s betwe5 numb4 ( *ap4 & t ( v]se1 9 quotations f ! ,bible4 ,comma1 f :at takes its "n1 --:at d5otes1 --less common 9 ,g]m4 ?an 9 ,eng41 --its anci5t =m1 --,rules = ! use (1 --use (1 9 a s]ies ( words4 ,comm&+1 desir+1 expect+1 c41 v]bs (1 to :at actions or ev5ts1 ref]4 ,comm&m5ts1 ! t51 h[ express$ z to =ms ( v]b1 --by :at po9ts divid$ 9 books1 --example (1 v]sifi$ 9 iamb4 hexamet]1 by ,,dr4 ,,watts4 ,common g5d]1 unnecess>y & improp] t]m 9 ,eng4 gram4 ,common n\n1 def9$1 --:5 admits ( no art41 --) def4 art4 sometimes becomes prop]1 --by p]sonif4 (t5 d4 --,common n\ns include ! classes1 collective1 ab/ract1 & v]bal4 --,common n\ns1 _! nature & num]ical di/ribution1 z di/+ui%$ f prop]4 ,comp>ative degree1 def9$4 --,comp>4 degree1 :y ,,br[n pres5ts a new def9it4 (1 9 place ( 8 =m] "o1 --true nature ( --:e!r always requir$ 9 a comp>ison ( two objects --) :at con/ruc4 prop] 9 exclusive comp>isons1 canon ( ,,br[n --,comp>atives1 c]ta91 n con/ru$ ) ! conjunc4 ?an --d\ble1 h[ to be consid]$ & treat$ --,comp>ative t]m9ations1 to :at adjectives n to be appli$ --,comp>4 degree 9 ,gr4 & 9 ,lat41 con/ruc4 ( --poet4 connect$ to ! positive ,comp>ison1 def9$ --,comp>ison1 degrees (1 nam$ & def9$ --:at adjectives admit n ( --,,*ur*4 on ! diff]5t1 7& ,,br[n on ,,*ur*47 --"* ( ,,br[n',s def9itions (2 d4 ( ^? ( ,,murr4 et al41 exhibit$ --,,murr4 def9itions (1 criticis$ --relative nature ( --,comp>ison1 regul> --to :at adjectives applicable --:5 pref]able to ! comp>ison by adv]bs --,comp>ison1 ,,h>r4 on ! degrees (2 ! positive a degree --79 oppos4 to ,,h>r4 et al47 --,comp>ison ( equality1 :at2 sometimes involves solec41 7,no?+ ,,s unc]ta9 ,,z17 --,comp>ison ( equality & ( ineq41 canon on --,comp>ison1 adaptation ( ! t]ms (1 to ! deg4 to be express$ --belongs *iefly to comm4 adjectives --,comp>is41 irregul> --,comp>is41 :e!r to be m5tion$ 9 p>s+ adv]bs --inclusive1 & exclusive --,comp>isons1 extra1 _! impropriety --,crit4 ,n4 on1 ,see also ,comp>ative ,degree1 & ,sup]lative ,degree4 ,comp>ison or contra/ ( ?+s1 ! resemblance or opposition h[ r5d]$ m /rik+ ,complex prepositions1 h[ may be =m$ ,composite ord]s ( v]se1 :at uni=mity ( con/ruc4 !y require --,composite v]se --description (2 :y requires rhy?m --k9ds (1 unlimit$2 :i* pref]able --liable to d\btful scansion ,composition1 ! frequ5t practice (1 necess>y1 9 ord] to acquire a good /yle1 ,composition ( language1 two k9ds ( ,comp\nd or progressive =m ( v]b1 h[ made --exemplifi$ 9 ! v]b ,,read1 conjugat$1 :at v]bs d n admit (2 :at x implies --v]bs (1 hav+ a pass4 signif4 ,comp\nd ^w1 def9$1 ,comp\nds1 p]man5t1 consolidat$2 tempor>y1 =m$ by hyph5 --,comp4 words1 n to be ne$lessly brok5 --two or m1 n to be split --:5 to be writt5 ) hyph52 :5 )\t x --,comp\nd+ ( words1 unsettl$ usage respect+2 mann] (1 9 ,lat4 & ,gr42 arbitr>y practice (1 9 ,eng41 its effect --does n necess>ily preclude _! sep>ate use --propriety (1 sometimes difficult to decide --,comp\nds1 or?og4 ( --,comp\nd+ ! words ( a reg4 phrase1 its impropriety --,comp\nd adjectives1 see ,adjectives1 ,comp\nd4 ,concord1 7see ,agreem5t47 --,concords & gov]nm5ts1 examples ( false ones f ! gramm>ians --9 ,lat41 div]sely enum]at$ by ! ,lat4 gramm>ians ,concrete t]ms = ab/ract qualities1 poet4 use ( ,confusion ( s5ses1 9 use ( pron41 to be avoid$ ,conjugation ( a v]b1 def9$ --:at "s tea*]s *oose to und]/& by --,conjugat+ a v]b1 f\r ways (1 nam$ --,conjugation ( an ,eng4 v]b1 :at ! simple/ =m ( --,conjug4 ( v]bs1 %[n 9 five ,examples --7,see also ,comp\nd or ,progressive1 c47 --,conjugat4 negative1 h[ made1 int]rogative1 d4 --int]rog4 & negative1 d4 ,,conjunctions1 ,etymol4 ( --,conjunction1 def9$ --,conjunctions1 h[ diff] f o!r connectives --nature & (fice (2 ,r4 ,f4 ,,mott quot4 --nature ( ! connexions made by --h[ _m 9 common use --h[ p>s$ --z connect+ ! same moods1 c41 /rictures on ! doctr9e ( ,,murr4 et al41 conc]n+ --,conjunctions1 classes (1 nam$ & def9$ --7,see ,copulative ,conjunction1 ,disjunc4 ,conj41 & ,corresp4 ,conjunc47 --,conjunctions1 ,li/ ( --app>4 us$ z adv]bs --peculi> phrases hav+ ! =ce ( --importance (1 z copulative or z disjunctive1 to be c>efully obs]v$ --,conjunctions1 ,synt4 ( --d41 9 :at consi/s1 7,,murr4 et al4 tea*+ erron47 --:at connect --decl9able words connect$ by1 :y 9 ! same case --p[] & position ( ^? t connect s5t5ces or clauses --absurd & contradictory notions conc]n+ ! (fice (1 by ,,l5n41 ,,bull41 et al4 --two or ?ree com+ toge!r1 h[ p>s$ --,conjunction1 foll[$ by a phrase1 & n a :ole memb] --connect+ two t]ms to "o --d4 two t]ms ! same 9 k9d or quality --,conjunctions1 to be us$ ) due reg>d to import & idiom --punct4 ( --ellips4 (1 %[n --d]ivation ( --are mo/ly ( ,anglo-,sax4 orig9 --,h4 ,,tooke',s d]ivations (1 giv5 --poet4 usage ( or --or1 & nor --nor ,conjunctive adv]bs1 :at (fice p]=m2 :at classes ( words embrace --(t5 relate equally to two v]bs 9 diff]5t clauses --li/ ( --:5ce1 :i!r1 c41 sometimes p>take ( ! nature ( pron\ns ,connect$ t]ms1 two1 limit$ by a ?ird1 :at bo? mu/ be --%\ld be ! same 9 k9d or quality4 ,connect$ adjectives1 h[ %\ld be plac$4 ,connective words1 or connectives1 k9ds (1 nam$ --d41 h[ may be di/+ui%$ ,consonants1 divisions & subdivisions ( --prop]ties (1 z %>p1 flat1 labial1 c4 ,con/ru+1 :e!r diff]s f p>s+ ,cont9uance ( action1 see ,comp\nd or ,progressive ,contractions1 9 ! or?og4 & ! pronunciation ( words --ocul>1 9 pr9t+ poetry1 n important ,correlatives1 comb9ations (1 7,fa!r's son17 h[ to be reg>d$ ,correspond+1 or corresponsive conjunctions1 9 :at mann] us$ --nam$ & exemplifi$ 9 _! sev]al pairs --nature ( ! t]ms /&+ 9 ! relat4 ( --! =m] ( two1 h[ p>s$ --,,*ur*4 canon on ! use ( --,or --or1 & nor --nor1 by poet4 usage ,crot*ets1 or brackets1 h[ us$ --confus$ & inaccurate tea*+ ( ,,web/4 et al41 conc]n+ ,cum ) an ablative1 ,lat41 7,dux ,,cum aliquibus1 c417 ! con/ruc4 imitat$ 9 ,eng4 --canon on d4 ,curves1 or m>ks ( p>5!sis --h be5 9 use = c5turies --! use (1 n to be disc>d$ --confus$ tea*+ ( ,,web/4 et al41 respect+ d4 --:at us$ to di/+ui% --clause enclos$ by1 h[ to be utt]$2 pause ( d4 --,rules = ! application ( ,cu/om>y actions require to be express$ by indic4 pres4 ,d4 ,d1 "n & plur4 numb4 --s\nds ( --writt5 = a numb] ,dactyl1 def9$ ,dactylic v]se --/ress1 on :at syll4 laid2 :at rhyme x g5]ally =ms --is n v common2 seldom pure & regul> --%[n 9 its eight measures --has be5 b little notic$ by prosodi/s & gramm>ians --misconceiv$ & misrepres5t$ ,rev4 ,d4 ,,blair ,d>e1 con/ruc4 ) inf94 foll4 --,use ( ! =m ,,d>e = ! ?ird p]s4 s+4 ,da%1 ! m>k1 explanation ( --,,l[? et al4 make no m5tion ( --,rules = ! application ( --,da%1 ne$less1 h[ to be treat$ --betwe5 quotation & "n ( ! au?or --appli$ to side-title --us$ to signify omission ,dates1 ord9>ily abbreviat$2 h[ be/ writt5 --objectives 91 )\t _! prepositions ,dative case1 faulty relic1 9 ,eng41 ( old ,sax41 7,x asc5ds ,,me into1 c41 ,,%ak47 ,days ( ! week1 names (1 to be reckon$ prop4 names1 & writt5 ) capital ,deaf & dumb --,! deaf & dumb1 to :om ! lett]s repres5t no s\nds1 le>n to read & write2 :at inf]r$ h]efrom ,defective v]b1 :at v]b s call$ --:i* t5ses (1 want+ --,defective v]bs1 :e!r !y %\ld be reckon$ a di/9ct class --may1 c1 mu/1 & %all1 n to be ref]r$ to ! class ( --w1 bew>e1 c41 con/ruc4 & import ( expla9$ --,defec4 v]bs1 ,li/ ( ,def9ite article1 def9$ --,def9ite art41 its demon/rative "* --us$ be=e names ( riv]s --d4 by way ( em95ce --no rule ( agreem4 =1 9 ,eng4 --prefix$ z an adv41 to comp>atives & sup]latives --repeat$ be=e e t]m 9 a s]ies ( adjectives us$ ellipt4 z n\ns --us$ = a poss4 pron41 7,full 9 ,,! face7 --position ) respect to its n\n --requir$ be=e antec$5t to a re/rict$ relative4 ,see also ,! ,def9ition1 def9$ --,a p]fect def9ition1 :at --,def9itions1 ne$ful qualities ( c]ta91 9 gram4 --bad1 peculi> vice ( --,crit4 ,n4 on ,def9itives1 :at1 9 ,eng41 & h[ to be class$ --example to %[ :at is meant by --,def9itive ^w requir$ be=e antec$5t to re/rict$ relative ,degrees ( comp>ison1 see ,comp>ison ,deity1 names (1 use ( capitals 9 --9 all languages1 masc42 direct names (1 d44 ,! s+4 numb1 univ]sally employ$ 9 ref]5ce to ! ,supreme ,be+ ,demon/ratives1 f ! class1 pronom9al adjectives ,d]ivation1 z a topic ( gram41 :at expla9s --importance ( --a k ( :at languages w ?r[ light on ! subject ( ,eng4 ,desir+1 v]bs (2 see ,comm&+ ,desi/+1 v]bs (2 ) "p41 9 /ead ( inf94 ,despaut]1 7,despaut]ius ,joannes17 gramm>ian1 :5 di$ --8 ,lat4 ,gram4 --8 rem>k on ! orig9 ( us+ plur4 pron4 ( second p]s4 = s+4 --gives ! rule t ! v]b gov]ns ! nom9ative be=e x ,diresis1 or dialysis1 m>k1 place & use ( --expla9$ ,diesis1 or d\ble dagg]1 = :at purpose us$4 ,dimet]1 l9e1 iambic1 examples ( --tro*aic1 d4 --anap/ic1 d4 --dactylic1 d4 ,diph?ong1 def9$ --,diph?ongs1 di/9ction ( --enum]ation & specification ( ! ,eng4 ,disc\rse1 or n>ration1 its nature & requirem5ts ,disjunctive conjunction1 def9$ --,disjunctives1 ,li/ ( --,disjunctive ,,or1 see ,or ,di/ance1 see ,"t1 c4 ,di/ribution1 ( words into classes1 a matt] ( "s difficulty2 explanations conc]n+1 = le>n]s --( v]bs 9 ,lat41 gramm>ians h disput$ respect+ ,di/ributives1 ( ! class pronom9al adjectives --,di/ributive t]m s+4 9 apposit4 ) a plur4 ,division1 lit]>y1 see ,lit]>y ,division ,d1 v]b1 h[ v>i$3 --p>ticul> uses ( --9 :at mann] may be sub/itut$ = an o!r t]m ,d\ble comp>atives & d\ble sup]latives1 h[ may be reg>d$2 canon2 7,,la?4 & ,,*ild7 ,d\ble negatives1 see ,negation1 & ,negatives ,d\bl+ ( ! f9al consonant be=e additional syll42 n d\bl+1 be=e d4 --,d\ble lett] reta9$ --,d\bl+1 c]ta9 lett]s incl9e to2 o!rs1 d n ,d\btful case aft] a "p41 9 :at k9d ( examples f\nd2 ! con/ruc4 to be avoid$ ,dr9k1 v]b1 gramm>ians greatly at v>iance respect+ ! pret4 & ! p]f4 "p4 ( ,dual numb]1 f\nd 9 ,gr4 & 9 ,arab41 :at d5otes ,duplication1 see ,d\bl+ ,du ,vivi]1 ,g41 8 ,grammaire des ,grammaires1 & 8 ,trait des ,p>ticipes1 a copi\s treatm5t ( ! ,fr4 p>ticiple ,e4 ,e1 7z ,a1 ,o1 ,i1 & ,u17 self-nam+3 --h[ spok5 & writt5 --its plur4 --s\nds prop]ly its own --f9al1 mute1 & to :at belongs2 exceptions --effect on prec$4 v[el1 ( e mute aft] a s+4 conson41 or aft] /1 or ? --diph?ongs beg9n+ ) --triph?ongs d4 ,ea*1 pronom4 adj41 always ( ! ?ird p]s4 s+42 its agreem5ts4 ,ea* o!r1 see ,o!r ,ecphoneme1 or note ( exclamation --occasional introduction into ! classics --div]sely call$ by ,,murr4 et al4 --= :at us$1 & ( :at a sign --,rules = ! application ( ,ecphonesis1 def9$ ,ei!r & nei!r1 pronom4 adjectives1 relate to two only --,m4 ,,h>r4 on ! illegit4 use ( --_! numb4 & p]s42 :at agreem5ts !y require1 :5 !y are ! lead+ words 9 _! clauses --d]ivation (1 f ! ,sax4 ,ei!r --or1 nei!r --nor1 corresponsives3 --transpos$1 ) repeat$ disjunction or negat4 ,elegiac /anza1 description ( ,elem5t>y s\nd1 or elem5ts ( spee*1 def9$4 ,see ,s\nds ,ellipsis1 figure def9$ --ei!r n def9$ by gramm>ians 9 g5]al1 or absurdly def9$ --frequ5t 9 comp4 s5t5ces --to be suppli$ 9 p>s+ --suppos$1 may *ange ! con/ruc4 )\t affect+ ! s5se --! pr9ciple (1 z expla9+ sev]al que/ionable b cu/om>y expressions1 7,fair & s(tly ,,goes f>7 --,,murr4 on ,,! ellipsis --,ellipsis suppli$1 ,,examples ( --,ne$less ellipses1 ! supposition (1 to be avoid$ --,ellipses1 faulty1 z oppos$ to p]spicuity1 ,,prec4 aga9/4 ,ellipsis1 or suppression1 m>k (1 h[ figur$1 & :at us$ to d5ote ,elliptical con/ruction ( n\ns1 7,a horse1 a horse1 c41 ,,%ak47 ,elocution1 def9$ ,else1 o!r1 c41 ) ?an1 9 exclusive comp>isons --,else or o!r1 sometimes con/ru$ ) besides --,else1 d]ivation ( ,emphasis1 def9$3 --comp>ative view ( acc5t & --z connect$ ) quantity1 ,,murr4 --z affect+ acc5t --:at ! guide to a "r4 --,emphatic words1 n to be multipli$ ,enallage1 def9$ --signif4 ( ! ,gr4 ^w --special application ( ! t]m --) :at o!r t]ms synonym\s --! mo/ common =ms (1 9 ,eng4 --examples (1 h[ diff] f solecisms --too mu* latitude 0 giv5 to ! fig4 by ,despaut]1 & by o!rs ,enallixis1 see ,enallage ,end+ ( a s5t5ce ) an adv41 a prep41 or any inconsid4 ^w or phrase1 ,,prec4 conc]n+ ,engli% ,gramm>1 see ,gramm> ,engli% language1 "s acc\nt ( its orig9 --its "* --its simplicity & facility ass]t$ by ,,l[? --its *ief defect1 accord+ to ,,dr4 ,,joh4 ,enum]ation ( numb]s1 see ,addition ,epic5e n\ns1 see ,g5]ic ,names ,epi!ts1 new comp\nd1 poets frequ5tly =m ,equival5ce1 ! argum5t (1 has (t5 l$ into errors ,equivocal1 or ambigu\s con/ruc4 ( cases1 to be avoid$ --( rel4 pron41 by misplacem5t --( prep4 ) conv]t$ "p41 h[ am5d$ --( ! ^w b1 7,!re _c be ,,b "o1 c47 --( words1 leav+ ! classification d\btful1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ --,equiv41 or ambig4 expressions1 z oppos$ to propriety1 ,,prec4 aga9/ ,eroteme1 its =m 9 ,greek --d]ivation2 fitness ( ! "n --div]sely call$ by ,,murr4 et al4 --its use --,rules = d4 --its value z a sign ( pause --reta9$ by a quot$ "q ,erotesis1 expla9$ ,errors1 incorrigible1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ ,,etymology --,etymol41 ( :at treats --:5 & h[ %\ld be taught --figures (1 t]m def9$2 ! pr9cipal d41 nam$ & def9$ --,etymology & mean+ ( words1 ,,h>ris on ! usefulness ( disquisitions into ,ev]1 contrac41 e'er2 s 9 comp4 rel4 pron\ns --,ev] a "o1 contrac4 by ! comm4 p into e'er a "o --,ev] & nev]1 opposite to ea* o!r 9 s5se1 yet freq4 conf\nd$ & misappli$2 canon on ! employm5t ( --,ev] s1 7prop41 ev]so17 signif4 ( --,ev] s wisely1 its propriety det]m9$1 aga9/ ! false phraseology nev] s wisely --,ev]1 d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,example1 z us$ 9 tea*+1 mean+ ( --,examples1 use ( capitals 9 ,exception1 n\n1 & except1 v]b1 :e!r m prop]ly foll[$ by f or by to ,exclamation1 note (1 7see ,ecphoneme7 --,exclamation1 nom4 absolute by --! case ( n\ns us$ 9 ,exclusive & inclusive t]ms ( a comp>ison ,ex]cise1 9 gramm>1 :at ,expect+1 c41 v]bs (1 see ,comm&+ ,ext5d$ compositions1 gradation ( ! p>ts 9 ,f4 ,f1 its "n & plur4 numb4 --f9al 9 monosyllables1 to be d\bl$ --=mation ( ! plur4 ( n\ns 91 & 9 ff --its s\nd ,fable1 h[ may be def9$ --,:at ! t]m d5otes 9 ! ,scriptures ,fall %ort (1 make bold )1 c41 h[ ! adjective 9 su* phrases is to be expla9$ 9 p>s+ ,false id5tification1 7"u synt4 ( ,,same ,,cases17 ,note expos+ ! error ( ,falsities 9 s5t5ces1 ,crit4 ,n4 direct$ aga9/ ,feel1 its con/ruc4 ) ! inf94 ,few & _m1 =m & con/ruc4 (4 ,few]1 see ,little ,,figures1 treat$ --,figure1 9 gram41 :at --,figures1 di/9ctive names ( "s2 frequ5t occurr5ce ( ^? ( rhetoric --,figure ( words1 signif4 ( ! t]m --,figure ( words1 ,rules = --sugge/ions additional to d4 --unsettl$ & v>iable usage 9 t :i* relates to --,figure ( or?og41 :at2 :at ! pr9cipal figures ( d4 --,figure ( etymol41 :at --,figures ( etymol41 ! pr9cipal1 nam$ & def9$ --,figure ( synt41 :at --,figures ( synt41 ! pr9cipal1 nam$ & def9$ --,figure ( rhet41 :at --,figures ( rhet41 :y c]ta9 are call$ tropes --on :at mo/ly f\nd$ --! pr9cipal1 nam$ & def9$ --affect ! agreem4 ( pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts --,figures1 h[ _m ,,br[n deems x ne$ful to def9e & illu/rate --,figures1 def9itions ( sundry1 9 ! lang4 ( au?ors1 correct$1 ,,key4 ,figures1 ,arabic1 9 :at cases po9t$ by "s ,f9al f1 l1 or s1 9 spell+2 o!r f9als ?an1 9 d4 --ck or c1 use ( --ll1 to :at conf9$ --e ( a primitive1 :5 omitt$2 :5 reta9$ --y ( a prim4 ^w be=e a t]m9at41 h[ manag$ --ise or ize1 :i* t]m9ation to be tak5 --,f9als1 :at lett]s may assume ! position (2 :at may n1 & :y ,f9ite v]bs1 agreem4 (1 ) subjects1 a pr9ciple ( ,univ4 ,gram4 --,rules conc]n+ --,f94 v]b und]/ood1 punct4 ( ,fir/ words1 initial capital to --faulty practice ( gramm>ians ) respect to ,foot1 poetic1 see ,poetic ,feet ,=eign words or idioms1 unnecess>y use (1 9 opposition to purity ,=1 ) all1 z equival5t to al?\gh --,= z mu* z1 c41 hav+ ! nature ( conjunctions --,= t --,=1 ) p]f4 "p41 7,,= lo/7 --) ev] --be=e ,,to & inf94 --z introduc+ its object be=e an inf944 ,=1 conj41 because1 f ,sax42 anc4 express$ = t ,=ev]1 or = ev]1 its class ,=m] & latt]1 nature & applic4 ( ,=ms ( lett]s1 9 type or "* --,=ms ,,( ,,v]bs1 a k ( ,,! ,,true1 no?+ m important 9 gram4 ?an ,=soo?1 signif4 & use ( ,fri5ds1 ! ,society (2 _! employm5t1 9 famili> disc\rse1 ( ! s+4 pron4 ( ! second p]s4 --g5]ally neglect to comp\nd _! num]al names ( ! mon?s & days --_! misemploym5t ( !e = ?\ --_! mann] ( speak+1 diff]5t f ! solemn /yle --examples ( _! mann] ( =m+ ! v]b ) ! pron4 ?\2 _! simplificat4 ( ! v]b ,f1 d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 --,f =?1 f out1 con/ruc4 (1 expla9$ --,(f f1 examp4 ( ! use ( ,full1 9 p]man5t comp\nds1 h[ writt52 9 tempor>y d41 d4 --comp\nds 91 7spoonful1 h&ful1 c417 h[ pluraliz$ ,future1 cont+5cy1 h[ be/ express$ ,future t5se1 ,,fir/1 h[ =m$1 & :at expresses --,,second1 d41 d41 & h[ v>i$ ,futurity1 (t5 d5ot$ by ! inf941 7,! _w ,,to ,,come7 ,g4 ,g1 its "n & plur4 --its s\nds --:5 sil5t --,gh1 s\nds (1 & sil5ce ,g>d9]1 ,w41 8 new analysis ( ! ,eng4 alphab41 notic$ ,g5d]s1 t]m def9$ --,g5d]s1 ! diff41 nam$ & def9$ --on :at f\nd$1 & to :at belong --,g5d]1 inconsi/5t views (1 z giv5 by _m ( ! gramm>ians2 ,,wells & ,,murr4 criticis$ --conf\nd$ ) sex by "s writ]s2 o!rs o!rwise confuse ! matt] --,common g5d]1 ( ! old gramm>ians1 ! t]m objectionable ) respect to ,eng4 --,g5d]1 h[ 9 _m in/ances det]m9$ --figuratively ascrib$1 h[ indicat$ --d5ot$ by he & %e prefix$ to n\ns --d5i$ by ,,murr4 et al4 to pron\ns ( ! fir/ & second p]sons --( pron41 ! pref]5ce (1 :5 jo9t antec$5ts are ( diff]5t g5d]s ,g5]al tru?s & cu/om>y actions1 to be express$ by ! indic4 pres4 ,g5]ic names1 s5se & con/ruc4 ( ,g5itives1 d\ble1 discov]$ by our gramm>ians1 ! true explanation ( all su* ,g5tile names1 nature & con/ruc4 ( ,g]man language1 =m ( its type --use ( ! comma less freq4 91 ?an 9 ,eng4 ,g]und1 ,lat41 explanation ( --:at =m ( an ,eng4 p>ticiple corresponds to --,g]und 9 ,engli%1 h[ becomes a sub/antive1 accord+ to ,,dr4 ,,adam et al41 ,g]undives1 :at ,giv+1 pay+1 procur+1 c41 v]bs (1 ) ellips4 ( to or = be=e ! objective ( ! p]son ,,gov]nm5t1 ( words1 def9$ --to :at p>ts ( spee* has respect --! rules (1 :e!r to be appli$ to ! gov]n+ or ! gov]n$ words --d41 h[ _m 9 ! be/ ,lat4 gramm>s2 usual faults 9 ! di/ribution ( ^! --,gov]nm5ts 9 ,eng4 synt4 h[ _m --false1 examples (1 cit$ f gramm>ians ,grecism1 lit]al1 9 ,eng41 7,be=e ,abraham 01 ,i ,,am7 comp4 ,,gramm>1 def9$ --,an ,engli% ,gramm>1 :at pr(esses to be --,,engli% ,,gramm>1 :at 9 itself2 :at k implies --:5 wor?y to be nam$ a sci5ce --,gramm>1 h[ to be taught1 & its pr9ciples h[ made kn[n --! true pr9ciples (1 9 ^: possession --a rule (1 :at --,gramm>1 h[ divid$2 its p>ts1 ( :at sev]ally treat --:at x requires --rightly le>n$1 :at ability x conf]s --:at _m va9 pret5d]s to1 h %[n by _! works --on que/ions (1 ! practice ( au?ors %\ld h m weight ?an ! dogmatism ( gramm>ians4 ,gramm>s ( diff]5t languages1 h[ f> mu/ ne$s diff]2 /rictures on ^? ( ,,pr(4 ,,bull41 ,a gramm> design$ = ,engli%1 ! *ief end (4 ,grammatical doctr9e1 ! tru? (1 9 :at consi/s ,grant+1 suppos+1 c41 see ,admitt+ ,grave acc5t1 z oppos$ to acute --z pres]v+ ! vocality ( e ,greek alphabet1 *>act]s (1 %[n & nam$ ,guillemets1 or quotation po9ts1 :at words !y di/+ui% --h[ appli$ to a quotation )9 a quotation --n us$ 9 our common ,bibles2 ! defect 9 :at measure reliev$ ,h4 ,h1 its "n & plur4 numb4 --its s\nd --9 :at words sil5t --9 :at positions d4 --an us$ =m]ly be=e all words beg9n+ ) ,h&1 or index1 use ( ,h&writ+1 script lett]s 9 ,h>monical pauses1 see ,pauses ,h1 v]b1 h[ v>i$ --d]ivation (2 ) p]f4 "p41 import ( ! t5se --,_h1 ) bett]1 r1 c41 be=e ! inf94 ,he & %e1 sometimes us$ z n\ns --z prefix$ to n\ns to d5ote g5d4 --:e!r to be connect$ by a hyph5 to ! n\ns to :i* prefix$ ,he>1 ) objective1 & an inf94 )\t to --) inf94 alone1 p]haps ellipt1 7,i ,,h ,,he>d ,,tell7 --,he>d1 v]b1 :y irregul> --its pronunc4 ,hebrew lett]s1 "s acc\nt (2 names1 *>act]s1 & significations ( --:e!r !y are1 or are n1 all consonants1 long a subject ( dispute --,! ,hebrew names = ! mon?s1 7 prop4 n\ns --,hebrew1 :at po9t+ adopt$ 9 ,h5ce1 !nce1 :5ce1 ) f prefix$4 ,i'll ,,h5ce1 see ,adv]bs ,heptamet] l9e1 iambic1 examples ( --tro*aic1 d --dactylic1 d4 ,"h1 !re1 :]e1 =ce (1 :5 comp\nd$ ) prepositions --) v]b ( motion1 p]h4 all[able = hi!r1 ?i!r1 :i!r4 ,h]e(1 !re(1 :]e(1 plac$ aft] n\ns1 :at to be call$4 ,h]e91 !re91 c41 _! class & nature ,h]oic v]se1 see ,p5tamet] ,het]og5e\s t]ms1 9 g5]al1 two su* n to be connect$ by a conjunc4 ,hexamet] l9e1 iambic1 examples ( --tro*aic1 d --dactylic1 d4 ,hiss+ s\nds1 concurr5ce (1 9 =m+ ! poss4 case1 h[ avoid$ ,hold1 n\n1 aft] lay1 take1 c41 :e!r pref]ably con/ru$ ) (1 on1 or ^u ,hop+1 c41 v]bs (1 see ,comm&+ ,h[1 aft] n\ns ( mann]1 its nature --n to be us$ be=e t1 or 9 /ead ( x --d]ivation (1 f ,anglo-,sax4 ,hyp]baton1 expla9$ --its frequ5cy 9 poetry2 h[ %\ld be us$ --is diff4 f syn*ysis ,hyp]bole1 def9$ --,hyp]boles1 by :at commonly express$ ,hyp]met]1 mean+ (1 9 scansion ,hyph51 its uses --pres5t use 9 comp\nd names --,rules = ! ins]tion (1 9 comp\nds --signif4 ( ! "n --,hyph51 abuse ( --,,*ur*1 on ! use (1 9 comp4 words --9 ! figure ( an adj41 ) a *ange ( ! synt4 & s5se --necess>y ) a v]bal n\n & an adjunct --d4 ) comp4 p>ticiples1 conv]t$ ,hypobac*y1 or antibac*y1 def9$ ,i4 ,i1 lett41 self-nam+2 its plur4 --its usual s\nds --diph?ongs beg9n+ )2 triph?4 d41 ,i1 pron4 ) cap4 lett41 ,i1 z writt5 = a numb]4 ,i1 adv41 see ,ay ,iambic v]se1 treat$ --,iamb4 v]se1 /ress :]e laid 92 effect ( a %ort syll4 add$ to a l9e ( --%[n 9 its eight measures --is seldom pure ?r\gh a long succession ( l9es --"s ( its div]sifications %[n4 ,see also ,dimet]1 ,trimet]1 c4 ,iambus1 or iamb1 def9$ ,idea ( unity1 & ( plurality1 h[ =m$ ,id5tity ( words1 ! pr9ciple (1 consid]$ --,id5tity1 prop]1 ,,rule =1 7,same ,cases47 ,id5tification1 false1 ,n4 conc]n+ ,idioms or peculi>ities ( expression1 :5 to be approv$ or valu$ ,if1 ! ,biblical use (1 to express an emphat4 negation --its d]ivation f ,sax4 ,ignorance1 lit]>y1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ ,imag]y1 or ,vision1 expla9$ ,imp]ative mood1 def9$ --,imp]at4 mood1 :y s call$2 9 :at mann] appli$ --its "o t5se1 & ! import ( d --its inflection %[n 9 ! v]b ,,love1 conjugat$ --:at nom9atives only x takes --use (1 9 ! ,gr4 lang42 d41 9 ,lat41 ,ital41 ,fr41 & ,span --may h all ! p]sons & numb]s --poet4 ,imp]fect t5se1 def9$ --,imp]f4 t5se1 ! =m1 h[ f> applicable to ! ,eng4 t5se s call$ --9 its simple =m is ! pret]it --9 ! pot4 & subj4 moods1 an aori/ --( ! indic4 & ! subj41 h[ di/+ui%$ --( ! sub41 to express a m]e supposition1 ) indef4 "t ,imp]fect p>ticiple1 or fir/ "p41 def9$ --its =m --,! fir/ "p41 has be5 v>i\sly call$ --:y rightly t]m$ imp]fect p>ticiple --= :at =ms ( ! ,lat4 gram41 /&s --is applicable to "t pres41 pa/1 or fut42 is n always active1 ev5 :5 d]iv$ f an act4 v]b --may be turn$ to a multiplicity ( uses --app>4 put absolute1 7,admitt+1 --,all[+1 c47 --di/+ui%$1 ) respect to gov]nm41 f a p>ticip4 n\n --z equival5t to inf94 mood2 heads ( regul> equival5ce --h[ comp>es ) ! ,lat4 g]und --its nature & con/ruc4 ,imp]sonal v]bs1 s call$1 _! peculi>ity ( use --call$ monop]sonal by "s ,impropriety ( language1 :at embraces ,9 & into1 diff]5ce betwe52 nature ( ! relation express$ by ea*2 d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,inclusive & exclusive t]ms ( a comp>ison ,incorrigible errors1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ ,indef9ite article1 see ,an1 ,a ,indef9ite pron\ns1 ( ! class pronom4 adjectives ,indep5d5t1 see ,absolute ,index1 or h&1 use ( ,indicative mood1 def9$ --,indic4 mood1 :y s call$2 its nature & use --use ( its pres4 t5se --d4 ( its =m ( ! plup]f4 9 lieu ( ! pot4 plup]f4 --:]e9 diff]s *>act]i/ically f ! subj42 ! two moods cont9ually conf\nd$ by writ]s --,indic4 mood1 =mat1 & inflec4 ( its t5ses %[n 9 ! v]b ,,love1 conjug4 --employ$ to express a conditional circum/ance assum$ z a fact ,inelegance ( language1 see ,awkw>dness4 ,inf9itive mood1 def9$ --,inf94 mood1 s call$ 9 oppos4 to ! o!r moods --usually di/+ui%$ by ! prep4 to be=e x --its pres41 ! ,,root1 or radical v]b2 :at "t x expresses --ar*aic =m 9 en --its two t5ses %[n 9 ! v]b ,,love1 conjug4 --,synt4 ( --,inf94 mood1 by :at gov]n$2 7see ,to37 --true con/ruc4 (1 expla9$ by ! #ah? ,rule ( ! ,synt4 --:y simple ( solution 9 ,eng42 :e!r ev] gov]n$ by a prep1 9 ,fr41 ,span41 or ,ital4 --:imsical acc\nt (1 giv5 by ,,nix4 --h[ express$ 9 ! ,anglo-,sax4 ( ! #aa? c5tury --:y may n1 z "s gramm>ians tea*1 be consid]$ a n\n --,,dr4 ,,wils4 on ! *>ac4 & import ( --to :at o!r t]ms may be connect$ --:at 9 its nature1 & = :at ?+s *iefly may /& --tak5 ab/ractly1 z subject ( f9ite v]b --,loose inf9itives1 improp4 9 precise language --,inf94 mood1 position ( --misplacem5t (1 to be avoid$ --di/9ction ( voice 91 (t5 disreg>d$1 7,y are to ,,blame27 hyp]crit4 tea*+s ( ,,sanb4 & ,,blair h]eon --,inf941 aft] bid1 d>e1 c41 )\t ,,to --:e!r us$ ) ,,to aft] h1 help1 & f9d --,inf941 ,,by ,,:at gov]n$1 (t5 imposs4 to say1 accord+ to ! in/ructions ( ,,murr4 --,inf9itives connect$1 gov]n$ by "o preposition --,inf9itive1 ellipsis (1 aft] to1 :e!r to be approv$ --sometimes d\btful :e!r transitive or intransitive --9 pause1 or 9 remote dep5d5ce1 punct4 ( --poet4 plac+ ( --,greek con/ruc4 (1 9 poetic use ,inflections1 def9$ --ris+ & fall+1 expla9$2 d41 z appli$ to que/ions --notation (1 9 writ+ & pr9t+ --! ris+ m num]\s ?an ! fall+2 pr$om9ance ( ! ris+ 9 oral lang42 ! fall+1 = :at us$1 ,,com/4 --:at k9d ( rules =1 h be5 giv5 by writ]s --! ris+ & ! fall+1 to be us$ ) prop4 discrim9ation2 :at %\ld det]m9e ! direction ( --,inflection1 :at con/itutes ! circumflex ,innovation extravagant1 into ! sy/em ( synt4 or gram41 a p>ticul> in/ance (1 notic$ ,inscriptions appe> be/ 9 full capitals ,in/ead1 :at reckon$1 & h[ be/ writt5 ,int5d+1 c41 v]bs (1 see ,comm&+4 ,int5sive nature ( comp>atives & sup]latives1 ,a4 ,,murr4 ,int]rogative pron\ns1 def9$ --:at !y sev]ally dem& --_! use & con/ruc4 --9 :at diff] f relatives --are always ( ! ?ird p]s4 --decl9$ --_! place 9 a s5t5ce --_! con/ruc4 ( cases1 to :at simil> ,int]rogative s5t5ces1 agreem4 ( v]bs 9 ,,int]jections1 ,etymol4 ( --,int]jection1 def9$ --d]ivation & signif4 ( ! t]m2 ,,l[?',s error 9 describ+ ! int]jections --,int]jections1 numb4 (1 9 common use --,li/ ( --,int]jections1 ! frequ5t use (1 an indication ( ?\ghtlessness2 expressiv5ess ( "s int]jections 9 e>ne/ utt]ance1 c4 --%\ld be discrim9atively us$ --*ief *>act]i/ics (2 ref]r$ to ! class ( adv]bs by ! ,gr4 gramm>ians --significant words utt]$ z1 7,out6 out67 --app>4 tak5 sub/antively --,synt4 ( --absolute con/ruc4 ( --h no con/ruc4 ) cases1 z 9 ,lat4 & ,gr4 --app>41 sometimes connect$ to o!r words by a prep41 or by t --place ( --punct4 ( --ellips4 (1 %[n --d]ivation ( --frequ5cy (1 9 poet4 lang4 ,inv]sion ( t]ms1 sometimes ( advantage1 9 respect to /r5g? & vivacity ( expression4 ,irony1 figure expla9$ ,is be+1 ) a p]f4 "p41 or ! subject ( ! ,,unco-,,passive =m ( v]bs1 canvass$ ,ise or ize1 :i* ( ^! t]m9ations to be tak5 9 =m+ d]ivatives "u ,d]iv4 ( ,v]bs ,i%1 t]m9ation1 :e!r x may be acc\nt$ a degree ( comp>ison ,x4 its *ief use --decl9$ --to :at creatures may be appli$ --put = ! di/ance1 7,h[ f> d y call ,,x8 c41 ,,prie/l417 --)\t def9ite ref]5ce to an antec$4 --z explet41 & ref]r+ to some?+ express$ aft]w>ds2 faulty omission (1 be=e v]b1 9 su* con/ruc4 --_h =m]ly no v>iation ( cases --its poss4 =m ,,its1 = ( x1 ( rec5t orig91 & n f\nd 9 ! text ( ! common ,bible --wrongly exclud$ by "s f ! li/ ( p]s4 pron\ns3 --its d]ivation f ,sax41 trac$ ,italic lett]s1 ,italics1 "s acc\nt ( --= :at purpose us$ --h[ d5ot$ 9 prep>+ manuscripts ,j4 ,j1 its "n & plur4 numb4 --:y nev] d\bl$ --:y nev] ends a ^w 9 ,eng4 --impropriety ( divid+ on ! lett]1 9 syllabication --s\nds (1 ,johnson1 ,dr4 ,s41 8 au?ority 9 ,eng4 or?ography ,jo9t nom9atives1 agreem4 ( v]b ) --:e!r words connect$ by ) c be us$ z4 ,jo9t antec$5ts1 agreem4 ( pron4 ) --( diff]5t p]sons1 agreem4 ( v]b or pron4 )1 9 ellipt4 con/ruc4 ,jumbl+ toge!r ( ! active voice & ! passive1 ! mann] ( "s --,jumbl+1 s5seless1 ,crit4 ,n4 c5sur+ ,k4 ,k1 its "n & plur4 --9 g5]al1 n ne$$ 9 words d]iv$ f ! le>n$ languages --its s\nds --:5 sil5t --,two ,kays /&+ toge!r ,k9d1 sort1 ) ^! or ^? improp4 prec$+ ,l4 ,l1 its "n & plur4 numb4 --( ! class liquids --f9al1 monosyllables end+ 9 --f9al d\ble1 to :at words peculi> --its s\nd2 9 :at words sil5t --:]e d\bl$ --writt5 = a numb] ,labial lett]s1 h[ articulat$ ,language1 ! primitive s5se ( ! t]m1 :at embrac$2 signif4 ( d41 z n[ us$ --9 opposition to "s gramm>ians1 ,,br[n conf9es ! t]m to spee* & writ+ --loose explanations ( ! ^w by c]ta9 slack ?9k]s2 ,,web/4 notion ( --,,%]id4 idea (2 ,,kirkh4 wild & contradictory tea*+s conc]n+ --,language1 ,,propriety (1 9 :at consi/s2 ,,impropriety (1 :at embraces --,,precision (1 9 :at consi/s2 ,precepts conc]n+ its opposites --,language1 ,eng41 7see ,engli% ,language7 --,languages1 uni=m ,,s]ies ,,( ,,gramm>s = tea*+ ! ,eng41 ,lat41 & ,gr41 t ( ,,dr4 ,,bull41 notic$ ,lay1 pay1 & say1 h[ writt5 9 ! pret4 & ! p]f4 "p4 ,lead+ pr9ciples 9 ! con/ruc4 ( s5t5ces1 9 :at embrac$ 9 ! ,gramm> ,lea/ p>ts ( language1 z writt51 z spok51 c41 :at con/itu5ts s call$ ,legal phraseology1 9 contra/ ) t ( common life ,less1 improp] use (1 = few]1 7,no ,,less ?an ?ree diction>ies1 ,,dr4 ,,web/47 ,le/1 use (1 = ,,t1 )\t due reg>d to its import1 7,i fe>$ ,,le/1 c47 --d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,let1 v]b1 its con/ruc1 ) an inf94 foll[+ ,,lett]s1 9 ! ,eng4 alphabet1 numb4 (1 & numb4 ( s\nds :i* !y repres5t --a k (1 9 :at consi/s --inf9ite v>iety 91 yet ! lett]s always ,,! ,,same --diff]5t sorts ( types1 or /yles (1 us$ 9 ,eng4 --names (1 9 ,eng42 d41 s+1 & plur4 --,classes (1 nam$ & def9$ --p[]s ( --! ,,j ,,p[]s (1 7see ,p[]7 --,=ms (1 & _! di/9ctions1 9 ! ,eng4 lang4 --diff]5t sorts (1 to be kept di/9ct --slant+ /rokes ( ! ,roman1 describ$ --,italic1 *ief use ( --capital1 employm5t ( --small1 d4 --,lett]s1 hi/ory ( --! names (1 are words ( a peculi> k9d --! names & p[]s (1 n always id5tical --g5]al neglect ( le>n+ to write ! names (1 9 ,eng4 --importance ( le>n+ to write d4 --erron4 tea*+ ) respect to c]ta9 names ( --,lett]s ( ! ,heb4 alphabet giv51 ) _! names1 & ! significations ( d4 --( ! ,gr4 alphabet1 ) _! names --( ! ,lat4 alphab41 _! names ne>ly lo/ --( d41 z n[ pr9t$ --,lett]s1 ! tw5ty-six1 possible comb9ations & mutations ( --( ! alphab41 read by _! names1 h[ tak5 --d41 writt5 = numb]s1 :at _! nature2 omission ( p]iod aft] su* lett]s --,,day',s acc\nt ( d4 --,lett]s1 ! ,,s\nds (1 treat$ --,lett]s1 ! small1 p]iod ( _! adoption --us$ = ref]5ces --,lett]1 def9ition ( --,lett]1 ! s\nd (1 call$ its ,,p[]2 yet its p[] n necess>ily id5tifi$ ) its s\nd --,a lett]1 9 :at consi/s ,l1 ne>1 nigh1 app>41 prepositions2 :y n plac$ by ,,br[n ) ! prep4 ,lily1 ,w41 gramm>ian1 8 arrangem5t ( ,lat4 syntax ,l9es1 poetic1 te*nical d5om9ations ( ,liquids1 :at lett]s s call$ ,lit]>y division ( a "w1 common ord] (1 d[nw>ds1 & ?r\gh\t2 b all lit]>y works n ?us divid$4 ,lit]>y blund]s1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ --awkw>dness1 d4 --ignorance1 d4 --sill9ess1 d4 ,little1 less]1 less1 diff]5t uses & import ( --,little1 mu*1 c41 prec$$ by n1 too1 or o!r su* adv41 h[ tak5 --,less1 improp4 us$ z an adj4 ( numb]2 does n signify few]2 n to be us$ 9 ! s5se ( d4 --,less1 lea/1 adv41 to be p>s$ sep>ately1 9 ! comp>ison ( adjectives & adv]bs ,,love1 v]b active-trans41 ,,conjugat$ affirmatively --,,be ,,lov$1 pass41 d4 --,,love1 conjug4 negatively --d41 int]rogatively --d41 int]rogatively & negatively ,l[ & prov9cial expressions1 use (1 z opp4 to purity1 ,,prec4 aga9/ ,ly1 mo/ common t]m9al ( ,eng4 adv]bs2 add$ to n\ns to =m adjectives 7,i17 u2 #ajee1 b2 #ajec1 ,l3 --:5 adv]bs end+ 91 are pref]able to ^? ( o!r =ms4 ,m4 ,m1 its "n & plur4 numb41 --( ! class liquids1 --its s\nds1 --:5 sil5t1 --z writt5 = a numb]4 ,macron1 or macrotone1 m>k1 its use4 ,make1 v]b1 :e!r to %\ld be suppress$1 & be1 ins]t$1 aft]1 7,,make y\rself ,,be he>d1 ,,blair17 --its con/ruc4 ) inf94 foll[+4 ,man & woman1 comp4 n\ns 91 7man-s]vant1 woman-s]vant1 c417 h[ pluraliz$4 ,_m a1 ) n\n s+4 repres5t$ by a plur4 pron\n4 ,m>ks1 or po9ts1 us$ 9 lit]>y composition1 ! pr9cipal2 occasional4 ,see ,punctuation4 ,may1 v]b1 h[ v>i$1 --d]ivation & uses (4 ,mean1 means1 use & con/ruc4 (4 ,measure1 c41 see ,"t4 ,measure1 poetical1 see ,v]se4 ,melody or beauty ( a s5t5ce1 words necess>y to1 r>ely to be omitt$4 ,memb]1 or clause1 def9$4 --,memb4 & clause1 g5]ally us$ z synonym\s1 are discrim9at$ by "s1 --,clause & phrase1 conf\nd$ by "s1 --,memb]s1 simple1 ( a s5t41 punct4 (1 --complex1 d41 d41 --,memb]s ( a s5t5ce1 arrangem4 (1 z affect+ ,,/r5g?4 ,metaphor1 def9$1 --:at commonly und]/ood to be1 --agreem4 ( pron4 ) antec$5t 9 cases (4 ,me?9ks1 explanation (2 ! lexicograph]s on ! ^w4 ,metonymy1 def9$1 --,meton41 on :at f\nd$1 --agreem4 ( pron4 ) its antec$5t1 9 cases (4 ,metres1 m f\nd 9 actual use1 ?an ^? ackn[l$g$ 9 ! ord9>y s*emes ( prosody4 ,metre1 see ,v]se4 ,milton1 ,,murr4 propos$ am5dm5t ( ! un9telligible language ( a c]ta9 passage (1 criticis$1 --d\ble solec4 9 a pass1 (1 notic$1 --8 poem1 ,l',allegro1 :at its v]sificat42 :at ! managem5t ( ! ord]s ( its v]se1 --d41 ,il ,p5s]oso1 :at its ext5t & con/ruction4 ,miss or ,misses1 ,mr4 or ,messrs41 :at ! prop] applicat4 (1 :5 "n & title are to be us$ toge!r1 9 a plur4 s5se4 ,mi/ak51 to be1 irregul>ity ( ! v]b2 its import z appli$ to p]sons1 & z appli$ to ?+s4 ,mimesis1 expla9$2 droll examples (4 ,m9us1 plus1 v]sus1 vi1 ,lat41 use (1 9 ,eng41 9 p>tic4 con/ructions4 ,mix+ ( synt4 ) etymol41 ! mann] ( ,,+]s41 ,,kirkh41 et al41 c5sur$4 ,mixture ( ! =ms ( /yle1 inelegance (4 ,modifications1 def9$1 --s5se ( ! t]m z employ$ by ,,br[n4 ,moloss1 def9$4 ,monomet]1 sc>cely con/itutes a l9e1 yet is sometimes s plac$4 --,monomet] l9e1 iambic1 examples (1 --tro*aic1 d41 --anape/ic1 d41 --dactylic1 an examp4 (4 ,monop]sonal v]bs1 see ,imp]sonal ,v]bs4 ,monotone1 :at1 & h[ produc$ 9 elocution4 ,mon?s & days1 names (1 app>4 prop] names1 & require capitals1 --h[ be/ express$ 9 lit]>y compositions4 ,moods ( a v]b1 t]m def9$1 --! five1 nam$ & def9$1 --,mood1 or ,,mode1 ! "n4 ,see ,inf9itive ,mood1 ,indic4 ,mood1 c4 ,m & mo/1 9 ambigu\s con/ruction1 7,"s p ,,m ?an !m1 ,,murr417 --h[ p>s$ 9 comp>isons ( adjectives & adv]bs4 ,moses1 9 :at *>act]s1 is suppos$ to h writt54 ,mo/1 = almo/1 by vulg>ism4 ,motion1 v]bs (1 ) hi!r1 c41 9 /ead ( "h4 ,mu*1 little1 all1 c41 z n\ns1 --prec$$ by n1 too1 or o!r su* adv41 --,?is mu*1 9 /ead ( ?us mu*1 ,,dr4 ,,blair4 ,mulkey1 ,w41 /rictures on 8 sy/em ( or?opy4 ,multiplication1 subject ( ! v]b 91 see ,ab/ract ,numb]s4 ,multiplicative num]als1 z runn+ on 9 a s]ies2 h[ writt5 above decuple or t5fold4 ,multitude1 n\n (1 see ,collective ,n\n4 ,mute or sil5t1 epi!t appli$ to :at lett]s4 --,mutes1 :at s reckon$2 ( ^!1 :i* imp]fect4 --,:]e a lett] mu/ be once mute4 ,my & m9e1 ?y & ?9e1 z duplicate =ms ( ! poss4 case1 use (4 ,n4 ,n1 its "n & plur4 numb41 --( ! class liquids1 --its s\nds1 --9 :at position sil5t4 ,"n & title1 see ,prop] ,names4 ,nam+ ! lett]s ( ! alphab41 importance (4 ,n>ration1 see ,disc\rse4 ,nasals1 :at consonants s call$4 ,ne> & nigh1 see ,l4 ,ne$1 z an un9flect$ ?ird p]s4 s+4 ( ! v]b1 --has p]h4 become an auxili>y ( ! pot4 mood1 --to :at t5ses mu/ be und]/ood to belong1 if to be recogniz$ z an auxil4 ( ! pot4 mood1 --t good writ]s sometimes inflect ! v]b1 & sometimes d n1 & t !y sometimes use to aft] x1 & sometimes d n1 h[ may be acc\nt$ = --?ree au?oriz$ =ms ( expression1 ) respect to ! v]b4 ,ne$s1 z an adv41 its composition ,ne$less1 mix+ ( *>act]s 9 pr9t+1 bad effect ( --capitals2 effect ( --articles1 to be omitt$ --ellipses1 ! supposition (1 a common error among gramm>ians --use ( p>ticiples = n\ns1 or n\ns = p>ticiples --words1 ineleg4 --possessive or art4 be=e a "p41 h[ correct$ --p]iods1 or o!r po9ts1 aft] c]ta9 num]al expressions --abbreviations1 (f5d aga9/ ta/e --da%es ins]t$1 h[ to be treat$ ,negation1 express$ 9 ! e>ly ,eng4 by multipli$ negatives2 su* mann] ( expression n[ obsolete & improp] --,effect on a negation1 ( two negatives 9 ! same clause ,negatives1 ! comm4 rule ( ! gramm>s1 t two negatives1 9 ,eng41 de/roy ea* o!r1 or c41 :e!r a correct "o ,nei!r1 see ,ei!r ,neut] v]b1 def9$ --,neut] v]bs1 ! active-trans4 v]bs are s call$ 9 mo/ gramm>s & diction>ies2 ! absurdity ( ?is --ext5t ( ?is class ( v]bs2 _! exi/5ce 9 any lang4 d5i$ by "s gramm>ians --,neut4 v]b ,,be1 conjugat$ --,neut] v]bs1 made f active-transitives1 7am come1 is gone1 c427 ^! call$ by "s1 neut] passives --( passive =m1 7am gr[n1 are fl[n1 c417 z errors ( conjugat41 or ( synt4 --d41 h[ may be di/+ui%$ f pass4 v]bs --d41 ,,dr4 ,,prie/l4 mi/ak5 notions conc]n+ _! nature & propriety --,neut4 v]bs1 & _! p>ticiples1 take ! same case aft] z be=e !m --,neut] v]b betwe5 two nom9atives1 its agreem4 ,nev]!less1 its composition & class ,no or none1 pronom4 adj4 ,no1 z negative adj41 rem>kable ambiguity 9 ! use (1 notic$ by ,,prie/l41 7,no laws are bett] ?an ! ,engli%27 h[ ! ambiguity may be avoid$ --z a simple negation1 its con/ruc4 --z an adv4 ( deg41 relat+ only to comp>atives1 7,,no m1 --,,no bett]7 --set be=e a n\n1 is an adj41 correspond+ to ,lat4 nullus --,9 ! phrases1 no long]1 no m1 no :]e1 ,,dr4 ,,joh4 app>4 sugge/s wrongly ! class2 its true class accord+ to its sev]al relations --,no1 or an o!r indep5d5t negative1 repeat$1 its effect --,no1 adv41 n to be us$ ) ref]5ce to a v]b or "p4 --d]ivation (1 f ,anglo-,sax4 ,nom9ative case1 def9$ --,nom4 case1 h[ di/+ui%$ f ! objective 9 n\ns --z subj4 ( a f9ite v]b --diff]5t ways ( us+ --,nom9ative & v]b1 usual position (1 & :5 v>i$ --,nom4 case & object41 at ! same "t1 n\n plac$ 9 ! relation ( --,nom4 foll[+ a v]b or "p1 ) :at mu/ accord 9 signif4 ,see also ,subject1 c4 ,nom9ative s5t5ces1 examples ( :at ,,murr4 erron4 s t]ms2 ! prop4 con/ruc4 %[n ,nor1 see ,or4 ,n1 its place 9 negative que/ions --h[ spok5 9 grave disc\rse1 & h[ ord9>ily --vulg4 contractions (1 ) c]ta9 v]bs --us$ ) o!r negatives --d4 ) nor 79 /ead ( or7 foll[+1 :e!r correctly1 or n --d]ivation (1 f ,anglo-,sax4 ,n b1 h[ resolv$4 ,n only1 n m]ely1 to :at are correspond5ts ,not)/&+1 import & con/ruc4 (2 misund]/ood by ,,dr4 ,,web/4 --=mation & signif4 ( ,,n\ns1 ,etymol4 ( --,n\n1 def9$ --,n\ns1 ,classes (1 nam$ & def9$ --,modifications (1 nam$ --,p]sons (1 nam$ & def9$2 7see ,p]sons7 --,numb]s (1 d42 7see ,plural ,numb]7 --,g5d]s (1 d42 7see ,g5d]s7 --,cases (1 d42 7see ,cases7 --,decl5sion ( --,n\ns1 numb] (1 9 ,eng4 --! s5se (1 h[ made indef9itely p>titive --examples ( words commonly belong+ to o!r classes1 us$ z --collective1 ab/ract1 & v]bal or p>ticipial1 includ$ among common n\ns2 7see ,collective ,n\n1 & ,p>ticip4 ,n\n7 --prop]1 7see ,prop] ,names7 --,n\ns1 ,synt4 ( --,n\n1 :y may n be put 9 ! relation ( two cases at once --tak5 figuratively s+4 = lit]ally plur4 --requir$ to be repeat$1 or ins]t$1 9 /ead ( a pron\n --ellips4 (1 %[n --,n\ns ( "t1 measure1 di/ance1 c41 7see ,"t7 --,n\ns1 d]ivation (1 f n\ns1 adjectives1 v]bs1 or p>ticiples --poet4 peculi>ities ( ,numb]s1 ! di/9ction (1 to :at belongs1 & h[ appli$4 7,see ,plural ,numb]47 ,numb]s1 c>d9al1 ord9al1 c41 7see ,c>d9al ,numb]s1 c47 --,numb]s1 ab/ract1 expressions ( multiplication 91 7,twice "o ,,is two1 --,twice two ,,are f\r1 c417 sev5 diff]5t op9ions ( gramm>ians respect+1 exam9$ by ,,br[n2 :o det]m9es ! prop4 =ms ( expression --,numb]s1 express$ by lett]s1 h[ to be consid]$2 :e!r to be m>k$ by ! p]iod --comb9$ ari?metical1 "o adjective relat+ to an o!r ,num]als1 num]al adjectives1 see ,adjectives1 ,num]al4 ,num]ical figures us$ = ref]5ces ,o4 ,o1 lett41 z ,a1 ,e1 ,i1 & ,u1 self-nam+ --its plural --=mation ( ! plur4 ( n\ns 9 --s\nds prop]ly its own --:]e s\nd$ z %ort u --d4 z obscure e --diph?ongs beg9n+ ) --triph?4 d4 ,o1 int]j41 ) cap4 lett4 --:at emotion indicates --diff]s f oh --z d5ot+ e>ne/ness1 be=e n\ns or pron\ns put absol4 by direct address2 is no positive index ( ! vocative --,o1 c41 ,,murr41 erron4 doctr9e conc]n+1 to :at tea*+ x has giv5 rise --,o1 c41 ) a case foll[+1 ,lat4 con/ruc4 (1 exam9$ --,o1 n unfreq4 conf\nd$ ) oh1 ev5 by gramm>ians4 ,obelisk1 or dagg]1 z m>k ( ref]5ce4 ,objective case1 def9$ --,obj4 case1 h[ di/+ui%$ f ! nom4 9 n\ns --be=e ! inf94 mood1 h[ tak5 9 ,eng4 --z gov]n$ by active-trans4 v]b or "p4 --,active v]bs gov]n ! obj4 case1 ,,murr41 defect ( ?is brief ass]tion2 its uselessness z a ,,rule = ! syntax ( v]bs4 --,obj4 case1 ( h[ _m con/ructions susceptible --:e!r inf9itives1 p>ticiples1 c41 c be 9 --two n\ns 91 aft] a v]b1 h[ p>s$1 --,:e!r any v]b 9 ,eng4 gov]ns two objectives n c\pl$ --,obj4 case z gov]n$ by passive v]bs1 erron4 all[$ by "s --:at v]bs n to be employ$ )\t --,obj4 case z gov]n$ by prep4 --,prepositions gov4 ! obj4 case1 :y ! brief ass]tion is exceptionable1 z ! sole ,,rule1 9 p>s+ prep4 ,obsolete or antiquat$ words1 use (1 z oppos$ to purity1 ,,prec4 aga9/ --,?+s obsolete 9 ,eng41 ,,dr4 ,,la?am',s attempts to revive4 ,ocean1 figurative repres5tation (1 z utt]+ 8 voice 9 tones ( v>i$ quantity4 ,octomet] l9e1 may be r$uc$ to tetramet] --iambic1 examples ( --tro*aic1 d --dactylic1 example ( --,octomet]1 tro*aic1 rhyme & t]m9ation (2 its pauses1 & h[ may be divid$2 ! mo/ common =m (4 ,( & on or ^u1 diff]5ce betwe54 ,old ,engli%1 *>act]s ( its alphabet1 %[n --occasional use ( d4 ,omissions ( words t are ne$ful to ! s5se1 ,crit4 ,n4 aga9/4 ,omitt+1 v]bs (1 ) "p4 9 /ead ( inf94 ,"o1 employm5t (1 z a n\n or z a sub/itute = a n\n2 h[ class$ by "s gramm>ians --may be prec$$ by ! articles1 or by adjectives --l ,fr4 on or l'on1 us$ indef4 = any p]son2 9 ?is s5se pref]able to a p]s4 pron4 appli$ indef9itely --,,*ur*41 citation ridicul+ ! too frequ5t use (1 = p]s4 pron4 --z pronom4 adj41 requires v]b & pron4 9 ! ?ird p]s4 s+4 to agree ) x4 ,"o an o!r1 see ,o!r4 ,"o1 or a unit1 :e!r x is a numb]4 ,only1 d]ivation (2 class & mean+ (1 9 its sev]al diff]5t relations --/rictures on ! in/ructions ( gramm>ians respect+ ! classification & plac+ ( --ambigu\s use (1 7z also ( b17 --use (1 = b1 or except t1 n approv$ ( by ,,br[n --,n only1 n m]ely --b1 c41 correspond5ts4 ,onomatopoeia describ$ & exemplifi$ 7extr4 f ,,swift47 ,or1 z express+ an alt]nation ( t]ms1 7,lat41 sive47 --9 ,eng41 is frequ5tly equivocal2 ! ambiguity h[ avoid$ --,or1 p]h4 contract$ f o!r --,or & nor discrim9at$ --,or1 nor1 gramm>ians dispute :i* ( ^! words %\ld be adopt$ aft] an o!r negative ?an nei!r or nor2 ,,murr41 foll[+ ,,prie/l41 tea*es t ei!r ^w may be us$ ) equal propriety2 ,,burn',s doctr9e2 ,,br[n1 aft] revis+ ,,*ur*41 attempts to settle ! "q1 --,or ev]1 7,,or ,,ev] ! e>? 017 ! t]m expla9$4 ,or or our1 t]m9at41 numb] ( ,eng4 words 92 h[ _m ( ^! may be writt5 ) our2 ,,br[n',s practice & views 9 respect to ?is matt]4 ,oral spell+1 ! advantage (1 to le>n]s4 ,ord] ( ?+s or ev5ts1 ! natural1 ,,prec4 direct+ ! obs]vance (1 9 ! use ( lang4 ,ord]s ( v]se1 see ,v]se4 ,ord9al num]al1 7see ,num]als47 --,ord9al adjectives may qualify c>d4 numb]s2 _c prop]ly be qualifi$ by d4 ,or?opy1 see ,pronunciation4 ,,or?ography --,or?ography1 ( :at treats --difficulties att5d+ x 9 ,eng4 --,,dr4 ,,johnson',s improvem5ts 9 --,,dr4 ,,web/]',s d41 9 a diff]5t direction --ignorance (1 ) respect to any ^w us$1 :at betok5s 9 ! us] 7,see also ,spell+47 ,or?ography1 figures (1 ,,mimesis & ,,ar*aism --its sub/antive or pronom9al "*2 7) "o47 h[ class$ by "s2 may be prec$$ by ! articles --requires ?an be=e ! latt] t]m ( an exclusive comp>ison2 yet sometimes p]haps bett] takes ! prep4 besides4 ,ea* o!r "o an o!r1 import & j application (1 --misapplication (1 frequ5t 9 books1 --,,dr4 ,,web/4 erron4 explanation ( o!r1 z a correlative to ea*1 --,"o & o!r1 frequ5tly us$ z t]ms relative & p>titive1 app>4 dem&+ a plur4 =m1 --,an o!r1 9 /ead ( ano!r4 ,someh[ or o!r1 some:]e or o!r1 h[ o!r is to be dispos$ (4 ,ought1 pr9cipal v]b1 & n auxili>y1 z call$ by ,,murr4 et al41 --orig9ally "p ( ! v]b to ,,owe2 n[ us$ z defec4 v]b1 --its t5se1 z limit$ by ! inf94 :i* foll[s4 ,ourself1 anomal\s =m peculi> to ! regal /yle1 --peculi> con/ruc4 (4 ,own1 its orig9 & import2 its class & con/ruc41 --/rangely call$ a n\n by ,,dr4 ,,joh4 ,p4 ,p1 its "n & plur4 numb41 --its s\nd1 --:5 sil5t1 --,ph1 its s\nds4 ,pairs1 words 91 punct4 (4 ,palatals1 :at consonants s call$4 ,p>ables1 9 ! ,scriptures1 see ,allegory4 ,p>agoge1 expla9$4 ,p>agraph m>k1 = :at us$4 ,p>alipsis1 or apophasis1 expla9$4 ,p>allels1 z m>ks ( ref]5ce4 ,p>5!sis1 signif4 & tw(old application ( ! t]m1 --,p>5!sis1 m>ks (1 7see ,curves47 --,:at clause to be inclos$ )9 ! curves z a ,,p>5!sis1 & :at %\ld be its punct41 --,p>5!ses1 ! introduction (1 z affect+ unity4 ,p>s+1 def9$4 --,p>s+1 its relation to gramm>1 --:at mu/ be consid]$ 91 --! di/9ction betwe5 etymological & syntactical1 to be ma9ta9$1 aga9/ ,,kirkh4 et al41 --"* ( ! =ms ( etymological adopt$ by ,,br[n1 --:at impli$ 9 ! "r p]=mance (1 --:e!r diff]5t f analysis1 --:at to be suppli$ 94 --,p>s+1 ( a prep41 h[ p]=m$1 --( a phrase1 implies its sep>ation1 --! ,,rules ,,( ,,gov]nm41 h[ to be appli$ 91 --( words1 is n v>i$ by m]e transposition4 --,p>s+1 etymological & syntactical1 9 :at ord] to be tak51 --! ,,s5se1 :y necess>y to be obs]v$ 92 :at requir$ ( ! pupil 9 syntactical1 --syntactical1 ,,example (4 --,p>s+ or ,,correct+1 :i* ex]cise p]h4 ! m useful4 ,p>ticipial adjectives1 see ,adjectives1 ,p>ticipial4 ,p>ticipial or v]bal n\n1 def9$1 --h[ di/+ui%$ f ! p>ticiple4 --,p>ticipial n\n & p>ticiple1 ! di/9ction betwe51 ill pres]v$ by ,,murr4 & 8 am5d]s4 --,p>ticipial n\n1 di/9c4 ( ,,voice 91 sometimes disreg>d$1 7,! day ( my ,,bury+17 --) ,,inf94 foll[+1 /rictures on ,,murr41 ,,l5n41 & ,,bull41 ) respect to examples (4 ,,p>ticiples1 ,etymol4 (4 --,p>ticiple1 def9$4 --,p>ticiples1 :e!r !y ought to be call$ v]bs1 --appropriate nam+ ( ! k9ds (1 --(t5 become adjectives1 --become adjectives by composition ) some?+ n belong+ to ! v]b1 --numb] (1 simp4 & comp41 --imply "t1 b d n divide x1 --reta9 ! ess5tial mean+ ( _! v]bs1 b diff] f !m 9 ! =mal1 --9 ,eng41 f :at d]iv$1 --,h4 ,,tooke',s view ( ! "t (2 ) :om ,,br[n diff]s4 --,p>ticiples1 ,classes (1 nam$ & def9$1 --7,see ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple & ,p]fect ,"p47 --,p>ticiples1 gramm>ians diff] 9 _! op9ion ) respect to ! "t & voice (1 --h[ h be5 call$ & treat$ by "s1 --explanation ( ! diff]5t1 --h[ di/+ui%$ f p>ticip4 n\ns1 --elegantly tak5 z plur4 n\ns1 7,all 8 ,,r$eem$17 --app>4 us$ = adv]bs1 --"s become prepositions4 --,p>ticiple & ,,adjuncts1 z =m+ "o "n1 & z su*1 gov]n+ ! poss41 :5ce ! doctr9e2 ,,prie/l4 criticis$2 ,,murr4 et al4 adopt ,,prie/l4 doctr9e1 :i* !y badly su/a92 tea*]s ( d4 disagree among !mselves1 --gov]nm4 ( possessives by1 h[ ,,br[n g5]ally disposes (2 h[ det]m9es ) respect to su* gov]nm4 --,p>ticiples1 ,synt4 (1 --regul> synt4 (1 tw(old2 nature ( ! two con/ructions2 ,,o!r less regul> con/ructions2 :i* two con/ructions ( all1 are legitimate uses ( ! p>ticiple2 :i* con/ructions are ( d\btf4 propriety4 --,p>ticiples1 to :at ,,relate1 or 9 :at /ate ,,gov]n$4 --,p>ticiple1 z relat+ to a phrase or s5t5ce1 --tak5 ab/ractly1 --irregul>ly us$ 9 ,eng4 z sub/itute = inf94 mood1 --9 irreg4 & mix$ con/ruc4 --,p>ticiple1 transitive1 :at case gov]ns1 --nom4 absol4 )1 to :at equival5t1 --ea* requires its appropriate ,,=m1 --que/ionable uses (1 admitt$ by ,,murr4 et al42 :y ,,br[n is dispos$ to condemn ^! irregul>ities4 --,p>ticiple & p>ticip4 n\n1 di/9ction betwe51 ) respect to gov]nm4 --,p>ticiple 9 +1 multipli$ uses (1 lawful & =c$1 illu/rat$1 --equival5ce ( d4 to inf94 mood1 in/ances (1 --e mix$ con/ruc4 (1 h[ reg>d$ by ,,br[n1 --! d\ble nature (1 ,,cromb4 on2 8 views1 h[ accord ) ^? ( ,,murr4 et al41 ,,hiley',s treatm5t (2 ,,br[n',s /rictures on d4 --,p>ticiples1 place (3 --active1 gov]nm4 (4 --,p>ticiple1 trans41 conv]t$ to a n\n3 --conv]t$1 :5 ! expression %\ld be *ang$3 --foll[$ by an adj41 its conv]sion into a n\n app>4 improp]3 --comp4 conv]t$1 h[ manag$3 --n to be us$ = inf941 or o!r m appropriate t]m3 --use (1 = a nom9ative aft] be1 is1 01 c41 faulty3 --foll[+ a v]b ( prev5t+1 h[ to be manag$4 --,p>ticiples1 conv]t$1 disposal ( _! adv]bs3 --mu/ be con/ru$ ) a reg>d to ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se3 --%\ld h a cle> ref]5ce to _! subjects3 --ne$less use (1 = n\ns1 to be avoid$3 --punct4 (3 --d]ivation (3 --poet4 peculi>ities 9 ! use (4 ,p>ts ( spee*1 mean+ ( ! t]m3 --,p>ts ( spee*1 nam$ & def9$3 --:at explanations may aid le>n]s to di/+ui% ! diff]5t3 --:y ne$ful t le>n]s be e>ly taught to make = !mselves ! prop4 di/ribution (3 --,,wils4 on ! di/ribution (3 --! pref]able numb] ) respect to2 ! (fice (1 specifically /at$4 --,! p>ts ( spee*1 passage exemplify+ all4 --,examples ( a p>tic4 "p ( spee* accumulat$ 9 a s5t5ce4 --,etymol4 & ,synt4 ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 see ,article1 ,n\n1 ,adjective1 c4 ,passions ( ! m9d1 by :at tones to be express$4 ,passive v]b1 def9$4 --,pass4 v]bs contra/$ ) active-trans1 v]bs1 9 respect to ! object or ! ag5t ( ! action2 _! compos1 & con/ruc43 --_! ,,=m 9 ,eng4 --,pass4 v]b ,,be ,,lov$1 conjug4 affirmatively4 --,pass4 v]bs1 h[ di/+ui%$ f neut]s ( ! same =m3 --hav+ active =ms ne>ly equival5t to !m1 7is rejoic$1 rejoices2 am resolv$1 "k1 c4173 --errone\sly all[$ by "s to gov]n ! obj4 case 9 ,eng42 ,,cromb4 9 ?is category1 cit$1 canon1 pseudo-canons4 --,pass4 v]b1 :at %\ld always take = its subj4 or nom43 --takes ! same case aft] z be=e x1 :5 bo? words ref] to ! same ?+3 --betwe5 two nom9atives1 ) :i* %\ld be made to agree1 7,words ,,are w9d174 ,see ,unco-,passive1 c4 ,passive =m ( an active-intrans4 v]b foll[$ by a prep4 & its objective1 7,he ,,0 ,,laugh$ ,,at174 ,passive s5se ( ! act4 =m ( ! v]b1 7,! books cont9ue ,,sell+174 ,pa/ = future1 see ,prophecy4 ,pauses1 t]m def9$4 --,pauses1 k9ds (1 nam$ & expla9$3 --! di/9ctive1 duration (3 --aft] :at mann] %\ld be =m$3 --=c$1 un9t5tional1 _! effect3 --emphatic or rhetorical1 applicat4 & (fice (3 --h>monic1 k9ds (2 ^!1 ess5tial to v]se4 --,pauses1 abrupt1 punct43 --emphatic1 d4 ,p$antic & s5se-dimm+ /yle ( *>latans c41 z (f5d+ aga9/ purity4 ,p5tamet] l9e1 iambic1 examples (3 --is ! regul> ,eng4 ,,h]oic2 its quality & adaptation3 --embraces ! elegiac /anza3 --tro*aic1 example (1 said by ,,murr4 et al4 to be v uncommon2 0 unkn[n to ,,dr4 ,,joh4 & o!r old prosodi/s3 --! two examples (4 9 sundry gramm>s1 :5ce came2 a c\plet ( ^! scann$ absurdly by ,,hil42 ,,h>t mi/akes ! metre ( d43 --dactylic1 example (1 7,salutation to ,am]ica174 ,p]fect1 adj41 :e!r admits ( comp>ison2 :y its comp>is4 by adv]bs n :olly inadmissible4 ,p]fect def9ition1 :at4 ,p]fect p>ticiple1 or second "p41 def9$3 --its =m3 --h[ has be5 v>i\sly call$3 --its "* & "n z di/+ui%$ f ! imp]f4 "p3 --:y sometimes call$ ! passive "p42 :y ?is "n liable to objection3 --h[ may be di/+ui%$ f ! pret]it ( ! same =m3 --%\ld n be made to gov]n an objective t]m4 7,! *>act]s ,,made ,,use ,,(1 ,,murr4173 --n to be us$ = ! pret41 nor conf\nd$ ) ! pres43 --:at c>e necess>y 9 ! employm5t (2 :5 to be di/+ui%$ f ! pret]its ( _! v]bs4 ,p]fect t5se1 def9$4 --,p]f4 t5se ( indic41 z ref]r+ to "t relatively fut4 ,p]iod1 or full /op1 its pause4 --,p]iod1 or circuit1 nature (4 --,p]iod1 probably ! olde/ ( ! po9ts2 h[ fir/ us$3 --h[ us$ 9 ,hebrew3 --:at us$ to m>k3 --,rules = ! use (3 --n requir$ :5 %ort s5t5ces are rehe>s$ z examples3 --:e!r to be appli$ to lett]s writt5 = numb]s3 --) o!r po9ts set aft] x3 --:e!r prop] aft] ,arabic figures us$ z ord9als4 --,p]iod ( abbreviation1 :e!r always sup]s$es o!r po9ts4 ,p]man5t propositions1 to be express$ 9 ! pres4 t5se4 ,p]mitt+1 c41 v]bs (1 see ,comm&+4 ,p]sonal pron\n1 def9$4 --,p]sonal pron\ns1 simple1 numb1 & specificat4 (3 --decl5sion (3 --(t5 us$ 9 a reciprocal s5se1 7,wa% ,,y1 c4174 --7,see also ,x47 --,p]sonal pron\ns1 comp\nd1 numb4 & specificat4 (4 #bih3 --explanat4 & decl5sion (3 --,,*ur*4 acc\nt (3 --( ! fir/ & second p]sons1 plac$ be=e n\ns to di/+ui% _! p]sons4 ,p]sonification1 def9$1 --,,murr4 def9ition (1 blam$1 --:at con/itutes ! pure/ k9d (1 --*ange ( ! g5d4 ( inanimate objects by1 --:e!r x always *anges ! g5d] ( antec$4 t]m1 --agreem4 ( pron\ns ) _! antec$5ts 9 cases (1 --,rule = capitals 9 d41 --comp41 --,p]sonifications1 ,,*ur*1 on ! det]m9ation ( g5d] 91 --,p]sonifi$ objects1 names (1 put 9 ! second p]s41 & :y1 --h[ pron\ns agree )1 ,p]sons1 t]m def9$1 --,p]sons1 nam$ & def9$1 --! di/9ction (1 on :at f\nd$1 --,p]sons1 numb]s1 c41 "* ( ,,br[n',s def9itions (1 --,p]sons1 9 gram41 nature (2 absurd tea*+s ( "s gramm>-mak]s conc]n+1 --di/9ctions (1 9 writt5 lang41 --,p]son & numb] ( a v]b1 :at1 --,p]sons1 second & ?ird1 ( a v]b1 di/9ctive =mations (1 --d41 9 ,lat41 %[n1 --,p]son1 n\ns ( ! second1 9 ,eng41 9 h[ _m ways c be employ$1 --! ?ird1 put ) ! pron4 ,i1 by vulg>ism1 7,,?9ks ,i to myself17 --! fir/1 place (1 --,p]sons1 :e!r ! imp]at4 mood may h ?ree1 --connect$ antec$5ts ( diff]5t1 agreem4 ( pron4 )1 --connect$ nom9atives ( diff]5t1 agreem4 ( v]b )1 ,p]spicuity1 z a quality ( /yle1 9 :at consi/s1 --is ess5tial 9 composition2 ,,blair quot$1 --! excell5ce (1 --,precepts aim+ at (f5ces aga9/1 ,p]v]sions ( ,eng4 gramm>1 ! design1 9 "p1 ( ,,br[n',s code ( synt1 is to make intellig5t judges (1 --,p]v]sions1 lit]>y1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+1 ,phonetics1 phonography1 phonotopy1 ,,br[n',s e/imate (2 ,,dr4 ,,joh4 cit$1 --acc\nt (1 --,,tr5*',s views (1 --,phonographic sy/em ( /5ography1 its practical value2 phonotopy1 to :at may be advantage\sly appli$1 ,phrase1 def9$1 --,phrase made ! subject ( a v]b1 h[ to be tak51 --,phrases1 di/9ct1 conjunctively connect$1 agreem4 ( v]b )1 --di/9ct1 disjunctively connect$1 d41 --unconnect$1 d41 --,,bad phrases1 examples (1 f au?ors1 --d41 correct$1 --,phrases or clauses1 ellips4 (1 %[n1 --,adv]bial phrase1 7s t]m$ by "s17 see ,adv]b4 ,place or position ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*1 see ,article1 ,n\n1 ,adjective1 c4 ,pleonasm1 def9$1 --,pleonasm1 :5 all[able ) respect to a pron41 --9 :at in/ances impressive & elegant2 :51 ! vice ( ill writ+1 --occurs sundry times 9 ! ,bible1 ,plup]fect t5se1 def9$1 --,plup]f4 t5se1 :at implies :5 us$ conditionally2 :at1 9 ! negative =m ( supposition1 --h[ =m$ 9 ! indic4 mood2 d4 9 ! pot5tial1 --indic4 =m (1 put by enall4 = plup]f4 ( ! pot41 --,,plup]fect1 signif4 ( ! t]m2 sev]al innovators 7z ,,bull41 ,,butl41 et al47 h be5 fa9 to disc>d x1 ,plural numb]1 ( n\ns1 h[ =m$1 --( mo/ n\ns 9 ,eng41 is simple & regul>1 --( n\ns end+ 9 a v[el prec$$ by a v[el1 --( d4 9 y prec$$ by a consonant1 --( d4 9 o prec$$ by a consonant1 --con/ruc4 (1 :5 sev]al p]sons ( ! same "n are spok5 ( 7,! ,/u>ts17 --( prop4 names1 its =mation1 --( n\ns 9 i1 o1 u1 or y1 prec$$ by a consonant1 --:5 "n & title are to be us$ toge!r1 7,! ,miss ,bells17 --( n\ns 9 f1 --( n\ns n =m$ 9 s or es1 --( comp\nds1 --( c]ta9 comp\nd t]ms1 7,ave-,m>ies1 c417 --want+ to "s n\ns1 --( n\ns ( multitude1 --,plural1 n\ns made s by nature or art1 --( =eign n\ns1 #bec1 --improp]ly =m$ by add+ apo/rophic s1 --( m]e *>act]s1 h[ d5ot$1 ,plurality1 ! idea (2 see ,unity1 c4 ,poetic feet1 treat$1 --7,see ,iambus1 ,tro*ee1 c47 --,poetic foot1 ( :at consi/s1 --,poet4 feet1 numb] to be recogniz$ 9 ,eng41 --pr9cipal ,eng41 nam$ & def9$1 --k9ds (1 :i* =m ,,ord]s ,,( ,,v]se1 --:at comb9ations (1 sev]ally =m dimet]1 trimet]1 c41 --7,see ,dimet]1 ,trimet]1 c47 --,poetic collocation ( words1 9 prose1 z (f5d+ aga9/ p]spicuity1 ,,prec4 respect+1 --,poetic diction1 treat$1 --9 :at ab\nds1 --,poetical ,peculi>ities1 ,poetry1 z def9$ by ,,blair1 --"* ( its /yle1 --aim & end (1 --ext]ior di/9ction (1 --:y difficult1 by a def9ition1 to be di/+ui%$ f prose1 --inept directions ( "s grammati/s respect+ ! p>s+ (1 --,poetry1 e l9e 91 %\ld beg9 ) a capital1 ,po9ts1 or /ops1 ! pr9cipal1 nam$1 & _! =ms %[n1 --! purpose (1 --l5g? ( pauses d5ot$ by1 --(t5 v>i\sly us$ 9 diff]5t editions ( ! same "w1 --orig9 (1 ,see ,punctuation4 ,po9ts ( ! compass1 adjectives =2 modes ( v>y+ !m1 ,possession1 relation (1 see ,prop]ty4 ,possessive case1 def9$1 --,poss4 case1 h[ =m$ --disputes ( ! e>li] gramm>ians respect+1 --,,c>d4 et al4 attempt to revive explod$ error conc]n+1 --=m (1 --orig9 (1 9 ,eng41 --odd notions ( "s gramm>ians conc]n+ ! regul> =mation ( --exceptions or irregul>ities 9 ! =mation ( --,poss4 case1 ,,pei4 on1 criticis$ --,,a% & ,,prie/l4 on ! plur4 --use ( ! two =ms (1 9 p]s4 pron\ns --( ! simp4 p]s4 pron\ns1 gramm>ians diff] ) respect to2 %\ld n be consid]$ m]e adjectives --are pronom4 adjectives1 accord+ to ,,dr4 ,,l[? & 8 foll[]s1 --^: doctr9e ,,br[n canvasses1 also1 ,,web/]',s1 ,,wilson',s1 ,,murray',s --,poss4 case1 its equival5ce to ( & ! objective1 n a sam5ess ( case1 79 oppos4 to ,nix47 --( pron\ns1 n to be writt5 ) apo/rophe --( n\ns 9 appos41 application ( ! possessive sign to --by :at gov]n$ --:e!r ! rule =1 has true exceptions --appos4 ( "o ) an o!r1 7,= ,,david my ,,s]vant',s sake17 ! con/ruc4 exam9$ --app>4 9 ab/ract con/ruc41 7,all ,,m9e are ,,?9e17 --z gov]n$ by a "p1 ! con/ruc4 exam9$2 ,,corol4 --:y ! gov]nm4 (1 %\ld be limit$ to n\ns only --:e!r be=e a real "p41 d5otes ! possession ( some?+ --,possessive sign1 omission o,l n a true ellips4 --always implies a gov]n+ ^w1 --h[ tak5 by comp\nds --liable to be add$ to adjunct ( ! =m] n\n --:e!r x c be rightly add$ to sep>ate adjectives1 7,! ,,guilty',s pray]17 --:i* n\n ( connect$ possessives takes --,poss4 case1 place & ord] ( --g5]ally equival5t to prep4 ( & ! objective1 --gov]n$ by some?+ n express$1 7,/4 ,paul's17 --,possessives1 connect$1 h[ to be tak51 --,poss4 s+ul>1 ) s omitt$1 7,= ,,consci5ce' sake7 --,poss4 case ( n\ns s+1 9 ss1 false tea*+ ( ,,kirkh4 et al41 respect+ ! =mation ( --,,murr4 rule = ! con/ruc4 (1 :y objectionable1 --comp\nds embrac+1 lack uni=mity 9 writ+1 --peculi>ity (1 ) respect to correlatives1 7,fa!r's son17 --,possessive relation betwe5 a portion ( "t & its correlative action1 7,,?ree ,,ye>s' h>d "w or1 ,?ree ye>s ,,( ,,h>d ,,"w17 --,poss4 case1 appropriate =m (1 to be obs]v$1 --plural1 ) a n\n 9 =c$ agreem41 7,= ,,our ,,p>ts17 ib41 ,n4 iv3 --ne$less use (1 be=e a p>ticiple1 7,9 ,,_! pron\nc+ ! ,greek17 --,possessive pron\ns1 my1 ?y1 81 c41 h[ (t5 %\ld be ins]t$1 or repeat$ ,pot5tial mood1 def9$ --,pot5tial mood1 :y s call$2 by :at signs di/+ui%$1 --may1 l ! indic41 be us$ 9 ask+ que/ions2 :y by "s includ$ 9 ! subj4 --9 :at t5ses us$2 nature ( ! imp]f4 t5se --=mation & inflection ( its t5ses1 %[n 9 ! v]b ,,love1 conjugat$1 ,p[] ( a lett]1 ! p[]s ( ! lett]s1 :at meant by1 :5 spok5 (1 --,! p[] ( a lett] is n its s\nd1 z ,,murr4 et al incorrectly tea* --,! simple p[]s ( ! lett]s1 _m irreconcileable doctr9es h be5 advanc$ !reon2 ,,g>d9]',s notions conc]n+1 /at$ 9 brief1 --,,ru%',s explanations (1 8 pret5ti\s s*eme ( ! alphab4 h[ e/imat$ by ,,br[n --,! j p[]s ( ! lett]s1 :at1 & h[ are to be le>n$1 --,p[]s ( ! lett]s1 v>iable2 h[ become s2 ,,walk1 cit$ ,praxis1 def9$2 lit4 signif4 ( ! ^w1 z f ! ,gr4 ,precision1 z a quality ( /yle1 9 :at consi/s1 --,precepts aim+ at (f5ces aga9/ --concis5ess1 or brevity1 z oppos$ to ,prefixes1 _! managem5t 9 syllabication1 ,r43 --,explanation ( --import & "* ( ! p>ticles us$ z1 9 ,eng42 ! roots to :i* prefix$1 n always prop] ,eng4 words --,prefixes1 ,,eng4 or ,,anglo-,,sax41 --,prefixes1 poet1 usage ) respect to1 ,prep]fect p>ticiple1 def9$ --,prep]f4 "p41 its =m --its nature & "n1 ,,prepositions1 ,etymol4 ( --,preposition def9$ --importance ( a "r use1 & a "r explan4 ( --,,h>r4 explanation (1 z cit$ by ,,l[?1 /ricture on ,,h>r4 --its simplicity among ! p>ts ( spee*2 h[ %\ld be expla9$ 9 p>s+1 --no suffici5t ,,rule = ! synt4 (1 9 mo/ ( ! ,eng4 gramm>s1 ,prepositions & _! objects1 z prec$+ ! words on :i* !y dep5d1 7,( man's fir/ disob$i5ce1 c41 ,s+ ,,milc417 --,prepositions1 :at x is1 to f9d ! t]ms ( relations (2 disput4 text cit$ 9 illu/ration --! special adaptation (2 example ( misuse by ,,murr41 rem>k$ on --,,h>r41 on ! purpose = :i* almo/ all prepositions 7 orig4 =m$1 & on ! nature ( _! relations2 8 views controv]t$ by ,,br[n1 --,prepositions & _! gov]n$ objects1 ! true det]m9ation (2 examples ( jo9t objects1 & ( jo9t antec$5ts1 wrong views ( ,,murr4 & 8 foll[]s conc]n+ ?is matt]4 --,prepositions1 two connect$1 = :at diff]5t purposes us$ --two com+ toge!r1 7,,f ,,among ! j17 --,prepositions complex1 :at _! "*1 & h[ may be resolv$2 are occasionally comp\nd$ by ! hyph5 --,prepositions1 h[ might be divid$ into classes2 ! inutility 9 p>s+ ( ! division into sep>able & insep>able2 ,,hall',s absurd idea ( a divis41 notic$ --:e!r two 9 imm$iate succession require a n\n to be und]/ood betwe5 !m1 7,,nutt47 --words commonly reckon$1 791 on1 (1 c417 us$ aft] inf9itives or p>ticiples1 9 adv]bial con/ruc41 7,h\ses to eat & dr9k ,,97 --,prepositions1 ,li/ ( --gramm>ians diff] consid]ably 9 _! tables (2 d4 conc]n+ ! *>act]i/ics (2 :at ,,br[n supposes1 9 oppos4 to ! ass]tion t ,e prep4 requires an obj4 case aft] x --,,l5n4 & ,,bull4 on prepositions becom+ adv]bs1 criticis$ --,,murr4 on prepositions appe>+ to be adv]bs1 criticis$ --,preposition1 :e!r x c be ju/ly said to take a s5t4 = its object --,prepositions1 words 9 ! li/ (1 sometimes us$ z o!r p>ts ( spee* --ext5sion ( ! li/ ( --examples ( ! less usual1 a1 & o!rs beg9n+ ) a --d4 ( unusual ones beg9n+ ) b1 c1 or d --unusual1 quotations illu/rat+ fur!r ! li/ ( --,preposition1 ,,rule ( synt4 = ! ^w gov]n$ by --,prepositions1 9 ,eng41 gov]n no o!r case ?an ! obj42 mo/1 may take ! imp]f4 "p4 = _! obj4 --,! brief ass]tion1 t ,prepositions gov]n ! obj4 case1 :]e9 is exceptionable z ! sole rule = bo? t]ms --,prepositions1 ellipt4 con/ruc4 (1 ) adjectives1 79 va91 9 secret1 c47 --sometimes app>4 gov]n adv]bs --,preposition1 app>4 gov]n+ a p]f4 "p41 7,to give x up ,,= ,,lo/7 --,prepositions1 ,synt4 ( --d41 9 :at consi/s --:at ,,relations1 %[2 7see ,to & ,=7 --! p>s+ (2 :y tol]able writ]s are liable to err mo/ 9 _! use ( --,preposition1 ! true t]ms ( ! relat4 (1 h[ may be discov]$ --:5 beg9n+ or end+ a s5t4 or clause1 :at ! con/ruc4 --! t]ms ( relation (1 :at may be2 bo? usually express$ --position (1 ) respect to ! gov]n$ ^w --,prepositions1 sev]al1 dep5d5t on "o antec$4 t]m1 7,a decl>ation ,,= virtue & ,,aga9/ vice1 ,,butl47 --two com+ toge!r betwe5 ! same t]ms ( relat42 d4 9 ! same con/ruc42 erron4 rem>k ( ,,prie/l41 ,,murr41 et al41 conc]n+ ! latt] --,preposition1 ! sep>at+ (1 f its n\n1 false doctr9e ( ,,l[?1 ,,murr41 et al41 conc]n+ --,prepositions1 prop1 *oice ( --d41 ) respect to ! all[able uses ( --z adapt$ 9 mean+ to two objects1 or to m --,preposition1 ellips4 or omiss4 (1 :]e ineleg4 --ins]tion (1 :5 d4 --,prep4 & its object1 position (1 9 respect to o!r words --d41 punc4 ( --,prep41 ellips4 (1 %[n --,prepositions1 d]ivation ( --poet4 usage ) respect to ,pres5t t5se1 def9$ --,pres4 t5se1 describ$ --( ! indic41 us$ to express g5]al tru?s --deceas$ au?ors spok5 ( 91 & :y --= ! pa/1 by ,grecism2 9 animat$ n>rative1 = d41 by enall4 --( ! indic4 & ! subj41 :5 prec$$ by z soon z1 c41 to :at "t1 ref]s --( ! inf941 :at "t is express$ by2 exp$i5ts us$ to express fut4 "t by --( ! ,,inf9itive1 ! ,,root1 or ,,radical ,,v]b --( ! subj41 its use1 & h[ consid]$ by "s --,pres4 t5se1 sometimes improp4 ) ! conjunc4 t1 7,o!rs said1 ,,t x is ,elias7 ,pret]1 pret]imp]fect1 c41 disus$ t]ms = pa/1 imp]fect1 c4 --,pret]1 prefix1 its mean+ ,pret]it1 def9$ --,pret]it1 describ$ --its =m & v>iations --pres5t t5d5cy to a reg4 or?og4 (1 to be enc\rag$ --gr\ndless rule ( "s1 = =m+ second p]s4 (1 :5 ! pres4 & ! pret4 are alike --n to be us$ 9 =m+ ! comp4 t5ses ( a v]b ,prev5t+1 v]bs (1 ) "p41 9 /ead ( inf94 --:at con/ruc4 is prop] = ,primitive ^w1 def9$ --,primitive words reg>d$ z su* 9 ,eng41 may g5]ally be trac$ to ult]ior s\rces ,pr9cipal p>ts1 ( a v]b1 7see ,*ief ,t]ms7 --( a s5t41 h[ _m1 & :at ,priscian1 anci5t gramm>ian1 deliv]s ! names ( mo/ ( ! ,lat4 lett]s ,progressive =m ( a v]b1 see ,comp\nd c4 ,pronom9al adjectives1 see ,adjectives1 ,pronom9al ,,pron\ns1 ,etymol4 ( --,pron\n1 def9ition ( --,pron\ns 9 ,eng41 numb] (1 & _! v>iations --nature ( ! repres5tation by2 are put sub/antively1 relatively1 or adjectively2 diff]5ce 9 ^! ?ree modes ( sub/itution --,classes (1 nam$1 & def9$2 7see ,p]sonal ,pron\n1 ,relative ,pron41 & ,int]rogative ,pron47 --,pron\ns1 comp\nd1 con/ructional peculi>ities ( --,pron\ns1 fault9ess & discordance ( mo/ ,eng4 gramm>s1 ) respect to ! classification & treatm5t (2 specification ( diff]5t modes ( di/ribution by diff4 au?ors --,modifications (1 nam$2 ^! prop]ties h[ di/+ui%$ 9 ! p]sonal pron\ns2 d4 h[ asc]ta9$ 9 ! relat4 & int]rog4 pron\ns --,decl5sion (2 simp4 p]sonals decl9$2 comp4 p]sonals d42 comp4 relatives d4 --app>4 us$ = adv]bs --,pron\ns1 ,synt4 ( --,pron\n1 agreem4 (1 ) its antec$4 --d41 ) antec$4 indef9ite --plur41 put by enall4 = ! s+41 agreem4 ( --sometimes disagree+ ) ! antec$4 9 "o s5se1 because tak+ x 9 an o!r --:at ! ma9 po9t ) respect to2 :at application ( ! rule ( agreem41 9 p>s+ --,pron\ns1 agreem4 (1 ) _! antec$5ts1 z affect$ by ! figures ( rhetoric --place ( --,pron\n1 z repres5t+ a phrase or s5t5ce --"u :at circum/ances c agree ) ei!r ( two antec$5ts --! p>s+ (1 commonly requir+ ! application ( two rules --) suppress$ antec$4 --ne$less introduction (1 7,,pallas1 ,,h] glass1 ,,bacon7 --) *ange ( numb4 9 ! second p]s41 or promisc4 use ( ye & y --mu/ pres5t ! same idea z ! antec$41 & nev] conf\nd ! "n ) ! ?+ signifi$ --employm5t ( ! same1 ) respect to connect$ relative clauses --9 :at in/ances ! n\n mu/ be repeat$1 or ins]t$ 9 /ead ( --%\ld nev] be us$ to repres5t an adj41 7,be ,,att5tive2 )\t ,,:i*1 c47 --*ange ( antec$4 to accord ) --agreem4 ) collective n\ns --d4 ) jo9t antec$5ts --d4 ) connect$ antec$5ts 9 apposition --d4 ) connect$ antec$5ts emphat4 di/+ui%$ --d4 ) connect$ antec$5ts prec$$ by ea*1 e1 or no --d4 ) connect$ antec$5ts ( diff]5t p]sons --agree+ ) impli$ nom9atives --agreem4 ) disjunct antec$5ts --:at agreem4 ) disjunct4 antec$5ts ( diff]5t p]sons1 numb]s1 & g5d]s --d4 ) antec$5ts tak5 affirmatively & negatively --d4 ) two antec$5ts connect$ by z well z1 c4 --ellips4 (1 %[n --punct4 (1 )\t pause --,pron\ns1 d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 --poet4 peculi>ities ( ,pronunciation1 importance ( an e>ly habit ( di/9ct --h[ be/ taught to *ildr5 --,pronunc41 z di/+ui%$ f elocution1 :at2 h[ diff]s f articulation --,pronunc4 ( ! ,eng4 lang41 :at k requires2 its difficulties2 :e!r we h any sy/em (1 wor?y to be acc\nt$ a ,,/&>d ,pro(-texts1 n to be p]v]t$ 9 ! quotation1 ,crit4 ,n4 --n quot$1 b inv5t$1 by "s1 9 _! false illu/rations ( gram4 ,prop] names beg9 ) capitals --,comm4 & prop] "n associat$1 h[ writt5 --,prop4 names1 d]ivatives f1 d4 --7,names ( ,deity1 see ,deity47 --,prop4 names1 application ( rule conc]n+2 di/9c4 betwe5 d4 & common appellatives --( places1 comp>ative difficulty ( writ+ !m --mod]n comp\nd1 sp>+ use ( hyph5 9 --,prop4 names1 :at _! relative importance 9 lang4 --/ructure & signif4 (2 h[ %\ld be writt5 --( plur4 =m1 prec$$ by def4 art4 --,prop4 "n1 ) def4 art41 acquires ! import ( a comm4 --,prop]1 f a comm4 n\n p]sonifi$ --,prop4 names ( individuals1 /rictly us$ z su*1 h no plur42 prop4 "n1 h[ made plur41 & h[ !n consid]$ --:5 !y =m a plur41 h[ =m x --( p]sons1 g5]ally designate _! sex --,prop4 "n1 9 appos4 ) an appellative --repres5t$ by :i*1 7,h]od --,,:i* is1 c47 --,prop4 "n & title1 :5 tak5 toge!r 9 a plur4 s5se1 9 :at =m to be writt5 ,prop]ty1 ! relation (1 h[ may be o!rwise express$ ?an by ! poss4 case ,prophecy1 ! pa/ t5ses sub/itut$ = ! fut41 9 ! lang4 ( ,propositions1 p]man5t1 9 :at t5se %\ld be express$ ,propriety1 z a quality ( /yle1 9 :at consi/s --its oppos41 impropriety1 :at embraces --,precepts aim+ at (f5ces aga9/ ,prose & v]se1 9 ! composition ( lang41 h[ diff] ,,prosody --,prosody1 ( :at subjects treats --etymol4 & signif4 ( ! ^w --,prosody1 meagrely & imme?odically treat$ 9 ! works ( _m gramm>ians --undet]m9$ usage z to :at ?+s belong to2 h[ treat$ by "s ( ! old prosodi/s2 acc\nt ( ,,smetius',s treatise (2 d4 ,,g5u5sis',s ,pro/hesis1 expla9$ ,prov]bs1 _! elliptical "* ,prov9cial expressions1 use (1 z oppos$ to purity ,,punctuation1 arrang$ "u ! head ( ,prosody --,punct41 :at --pr9cipal m>ks (1 nam$ & %[n2 :at !y sev]ally d5ote --,,rules (3 = ,comma2 = ,semicolon2 = ,colon2 = ,p]iod2 = ,da%2 = ,eroteme2 = ,ecphoneme2 = ,curves --description ( ! o!r m>ks ( --7,see ,comma1 ,semicolon1 c47 --,punct41 ! pres5t sy/em (1 9 ,eng41 common to _m languages --:y (t5 f\nd div]se1 9 diff4 editions & diff4 v]sions ( ! same "w --duty ( writ]s 9 respect to1 & ( publi%]s 9 reproduc+ anci5t books --"s acc\nt ( ! orig4 & prog4 ( --improvem5t 91 :i* is no improvem5t --confus$ & discordant explanations1 by "s1 ( c]ta9 ( ! m>ks ( ,purity1 z a quality ( /yle1 9 :at consi/s --,precepts aim+ at (f5ces aga9/ ,pyrrhic1 def9$ ,q4 ,q1 its "n & plur4 numb4 --has no s\nd peculi> to itself2 its p[] --is always foll[$ by u ,quak]s1 or ,fri5ds1 _! /yle ( address1 see ,fri5ds ,qualities ( /yle1 treat$ --,see ,/yle ,quantity1 or "t 9 pronunciation1 expla9$ --z def9$ by ! lexicograph]s --its effect 9 ! prolation ( s\nds --,,walk]',s views (1 unsatisfac4 to ,,br[n --z regulat$ by emphasis1 ,,murr4 --,quant4 ( a syll41 h[ commonly expla9$ --by :at m>ks may be indicat$ --,quantities poetic1 h[ d5om9at$1 & h[ proportion$ --,:at quantity co9cides ) acc5t or emphasis --,quantity1 on :at dep5ds --:]e v>iable1 & :]e fix$1 9 ,eng4 --,crit4 obs]vations on acc5t & quantity --,quantity1 its di/9ction f acc5t --,acc5t & quantity1 diff]+ views ( au?ors relative to --,quantity1 impropriety ( affirm+ x to be ! same z acc5t --,,dr4 ,,joh4 id5tification ( acc5t )2 su*1 also1 t ( o!rs2 7n s ,,h>ris27 ,,noehd4 rightly def9es2 s ,,fisk1 79 ,es*5b4 ,man4 ,class4 ,lit417 et al4 --our gramm>ians seem n to h und]/ood ! di/9c4 ( long & %ort1 e4 g41 ,,fi%]2 s ,,%]id41 ,,walk41 ,,murr41 et al4 --,,*&4 absurd & confus$ s*eme (1 notic$ --sugge/ion ( ,,web/4 on1 approv$ ,que/ions1 c be ask$ only 9 ! indic4 or ! pot4 mood --direct1 to be m>k$ by ! eroteme --unit$1 h[ to be m>k$ --indirect1 d4 --a s]ies (1 h[ may be unit$ & m>k$ --exclamatory1 h[ to be m>k$ --,"q1 m5tion$ 9 due =m1 h[ m>k$ --decl>atively put1 h[ utt]$ & m>k$ --9 ,spani%1 d\bly m>k$1 7,qui5 llama827 9 ,greek1 h[ ,q1 ) art4 & adj41 con/ruc4 h[ diff]s accord+ to position ( art4 ,quotation1 direct1 fir/ ^w (1 writt5 ) capital --,quotations ( pro(-texts1 c41 %\ld be lit]ally giv5 --dep5d5t1 sep>at$ f say1 c41 by comma --indep41 prec$$ by colon --,quotat4 )9 a quotat41 h[ usually m>k$ ,quo? & quod1 signif4 & use (1 9 ludicr\s lang4 or 9 ! old writ]s ,r4 ,r1 "n & plur4 numb4 --( ! class liquids --s\nd (2 d41 h[ c be v>i$ 9 utt]ance --:at faults to be avoid$ 9 d4 --,,dr4 ,,joh4 acc\nt (2 ,,walk4 d4 ,radicals1 sep>able & insep>able1 :at are s call$ 9 ,eng4 d]ivation ,ra?1 adv41 us$ only 9 ! comp>4 deg4 --,r1 ) ! exclusive t]m ( comp>is4 introduc$ by ?an --d]ivation ( ,read+1 to read1 9 gram41 :at ! signif4 ( --,,read1 v]b1 ,,conjugat$ affirmatively 9 ,comp4 ,=m ,reciprocal t]ms1 reciprocals1 :at pronom4 adjectives may be s t]m$ --,reciprocals1 ,,ea* ,,o!r1 ,,"o ,,an ,,o!r1 _! nature & import --misapplicat4 (1 frequ5t 9 books2 ,,web/4 errs 9 ! signif4 & applicat4 ( o!r4 ,see also ,o!r ,reciprocal or reflect$ v]bs1 con/ructions 9 imitation ( ! ,fr5* ,recurr5ce ( a ^w 9 diff]5t s5ses1 a fault oppos$ to propriety ,r$undant v]b1 def9$ --,r$und4 v]bs1 :y made a sep>ate class --treat$ --,li/ ( ,ref]5ce1 m>ks (1 ,,a/]isk1 ,,obelisk1 c41 %[n2 9 :at ord] are introduc$ --:at o!r signs (1 may be us$4 ,ref]5ce1 d\btful1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ ,re=m]s ( ! ,eng4 alphabet & or?og41 "s acc\nt ( ,rejoice1 resolve1 incl9e1 c41 import (1 9 ! pass4 =m ,relations ( ?+s1 _! inf9itude & div]sity2 ! nature ( ,,relation --,relation ( words1 :at --is diff4 f agreem41 b may co9cide ) x --,relation accord+ to ! s5se1 an important pr9ciple 9 ,eng4 synt42 :at rules ( relation commonly f\nd 9 ! gramm>s --,simple relation1 :at p>ts ( spee* h no o!r syntact4 prop]ty ?an2 :at simp4 relations !re are 9 ,eng4 --,relation1 ) respect to a prep41 antec$4 t]m1 :at may be2 subseq41 d4 --,relation1 d41 t]ms (1 to be nam$ 9 p>s+ a prep42 h[ ! t]ms may be asc]ta9$ by a le>n] --t]ms (1 to a prep41 may be transpos$2 are v v>i\s2 bo? usually express$ ,relative pron\ns1 def9$ --,relative pron\ns1 & _! comp\nds1 nam$2 decl9$ --*ief con/ructional peculi>ities ( --two faulty special rules giv5 by ! gramm>ians1 = con/ruc4 (1 notic$ --con/ruc4 (1 ) respect to ,,case --ellips4 (1 9 famil4 lang41 7,! man ,i tru/27 d41 poet4 --,relative & prep4 gov]n+ x1 :5 %\ld n be omitt$ --,relative pron41 place ( --clauses1 connect$1 employm5t (1 ) same pron4 9 ea* --,rel4 pron\ns1 exclude conjunctions --d]ivat4 (1 f ,sax4 --poet1 peculi>ities ) respect to4 ,see also ,:o1 ,:i*1 c4 ,repetition1 ( a n\n or pron\n1 :at con/ruc4 x produces --( words1 emphatic1 punct4 --( words1 ?r\gh paucity ( lang42 aga9/ propriety --( d41 z dem&$ by precision --,repetitions1 see ,pleonasm ,re/rictive & resumptive s5ses ( ! rel4 pron\ns1 di/9c4 betwe51 expl4 --,re/rictive1 relation1 mo/ approp4 express$ by ! pron4 ,,t --admits n a comma be=e ! relative --adj41 admits n a comma be=e x --"p41 d4 ,rhetoric1 figure (1 def9$ --,figures ( rhetoric1 see ,figures ,rhetorical pauses1 see ,pauses ,rhode ,isl&1 ! "n h[ acquir$2 peculi>ity ( its application ,rhyme1 def9$ --,rhym+ syllables1 _! nature & quality ,rhy?m1 ( v]se1 def9$ --,fancifully expla9$ by ,e4 ,a4 ,,poe1 7:o )\t intellig5ce d]ives ! t]m f ,greek3 huri?mos7 --s5se & signif4 ( ! ^w ,roman lett]s1 "s acc\nt ( ,rules1 ( ,,relation1 :at1 commonly f\nd 9 gramm>s --( ,,synt41 ^? common 9 gramm>s ill adapt$ to _! purpose2 examples ( su* --( d41 exposition ( ! faulty *>ac4 ( ^? 9 ,eng4 gramm>s --,rules ( gramm>1 advantage (1 9 ! writt5 language ,ru%1 ,dr4 ,j41 8 new doctr9e ( ! v[els & consonants1 9 oppos4 to ! old1 h[ e/imat$ by ,,br[n --8 doctr9e ( a duplicity ( ! vocal elem5ts1 p]/r+$ --8 /range division ( ! v[els into two p>ts1 & conv]sion ( mo/ ( !m into diph?ongs2 8 enum]ation & specification ( ! alphabetic elem5ts ,s4 ,s1 its "n & plur4 numb4 --f9al1 9 monosyllables1 spell4 --( ! poss4 case1 occas4 dropp+ (2 ! elis4 h[ to be reg>d$1 & :5 to be all[$ --its s\nds --9 :at words sil5t --,ss1 s\nd ( ,s or es1 v]bal t]m941 ,,dr4 ,,l[?',s acc\nt ( ,sans1 f ,fr41 signif41 & :]e read ,sabao?1 see ,deity ,same cases1 con/ruc4 ( --d41 on :at f\nd$ --:at position ( ! words1 admitt$ by ! con/ruc4 --,same case1 aft] :at v]bs1 except ^? :i* are pass41 tak5 --,same cases1 notice ( ! faulty rules giv5 by ,,l[?1 ,,murr41 et al41 = ! con/ruc4 ( ,sam5ess ( signif41 :at %\ld be t ( ! nom4 foll[+ a v]b or "p4 --,sam5ess ( words1 see ,id5tity ,sapphic1 v]se1 describ$ --/anza1 composition (2 examp4 f ,,hor4 --,sapphic v]se1 difficulty (2 ,eng4 ,sapphics few2 scansion (2 ,! ,wid[1 ( ,,s\!y1 scann$ --,eng4 ,sapphic1 ,,dr4 ,,watts',s ode1 79 "p47 ,! ,day ( ,judgem5t1 attempt$ 9 --,,humph4 on1 cit$ --,sapphics1 burlesque1 examples ( ,save1 sav+1 z d5ot+ exception1 class & con/ruc4 ( --,save1 d]ivation ( ,saxon1 alphabet1 "s acc\nt ( --lang41 its =m ab\t ! ye> #dej2 d4 subsequ5tly ,scann+1 or scansion1 expla9$ --,:y1 9 scann+1 ! pr9cipal feet are to be pref]r$ to ! second>y --,! poetry ( ! e>lie/ ,eng4 poets1 n easy ( scansion ,script lett]s1 ! alphabet exhibit$ 9 --! =ms (1 _! adaptation to ! p5 ,scripture names1 _m discrepancies 91 f\nd 9 diff]5t editions ( ! ,bible4 ,scriptures1 see ,bible ,section1 m>k1 uses ( ,,see1 v]b1 irreg41 act41 ,,conjugat$ affirmatively --takes inf94 )\t prep4 ,,to --its con/ruc4 ) inf94 )\t to ,see+ & provid$1 z connectives1 _! class ,seldom1 adv41 its comp>ison2 use (1 z an adj4 ,self1 9 ! =mat1 ( ! comp4 p]s4 pron\ns --,,*ur*4 explan4 ( --signif4 & use ( --z an ,eng4 prefix --aft] a n\n poss41 9 poet4 diction ,self-contradiction1 ,crit4 ,n4 respect+ ,self-nam+ lett]s ,semicolon1 po9t --= :at purpose us$ --f :at takes its "n --:5 adopt$ 9 ,engl& --is useful & necess>y1 ?\gh disc>d$ by "s late gramm>ians --,rules = ! use ( ,semiv[el1 def9$ --,semiv[els nam$2 nature ( w & y2 s\nd ( c]ta91 z aspirates ,s5se & con/ruc4 to be consid]$1 9 jo9+ toge!r or writ+ sep>ately words o!rw4 liable to be misund]/ood --,s5se or mean+1 necess>y to be obs]v$ 9 p>s+ ,s5seless jumbl+1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+ ,s5t5ce1 def9$ --,s5t5ce1 its p>ts1 pr9cipal & subord9ate --,s5t5ces1 ! two k9ds (1 nam$ & def9$ --:e!r a trip>tite di/ribut4 ( is exp$i5t --,simple s5t41 false notions among/ gramm>ians ( :at con/itutes "o2 ! p>s+ ( words n affect$ !reby --,s5t5ces1 simp4 & comp41 ,,dr4 ,,wils4 explanation ( --compon5t p>ts (1 :at ^! are --:e!r all1 c be divid$ into clauses --9 :at ,,five ,,ways1 c be analyz$ --,s5t5ces1 simp41 punct4 (1 --di/9ct1 d41 --alli$1 d41 --%ort1 rehe>s$ 9 close succession1 h[ po9t$4 ,s]ies1 ( t]ms1 prop] use ( ! articles 91 --( words1 h[ to be comma$4 ,set & sit1 signif4 & employm5t (4 ,sex1 to :at p]sons ascrib$2 :y a "y *ild may be spok5 ( )\t di/9c4 (1 --:e!r animals may be repres5t$ z ( no1 --inanimate objects fig4 repres5t$ z hav+4 --,sexes1 di/9ction (1 by words1 9 diff4 ways1 --d5ot$ by t]m9at4 ( words1 --designat$ by prop] names4 ,%all1 v]b1 h[ v>i$1 --orig9al signif4 (1 --explet4 use (4 --,%all & w1 discrim9ative application (1 9 ! fut4 indic4 ,%]idan1 ,t41 actor & or?opi/1 8 lit]>y reputation2 ! wor? ( 8 writ+s4 ,side1 n\n1 peculi>ities ( usage 9 reg>d to4 ,sil5t1 or mute1 :5 a lett] is said to be4 ,sill9ess1 lit]>y1 ,crit4 ,n4 conc]n+4 ,simile1 expla9$4 ,s9ce1 improp4 use (1 = ago1 --d]ivation (1 f ,anglo-,sax4 ,sit & set1 use & signif4 (4 ,s1 z express+ ! s5se ( a prec$4 ^w or phrase1 --d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 --,s --z1 z --s1 correspond5ts4 ,soev] or soe'er1 :e!r a ^w or only a "p ( an o!r ^w2 h[ expla9$ by ,,web/4 ,solemn /yle1 z di/+ui%$ f ! famili>1 --%\ld n be displac$ f ! p>adigms 9 a gramm>1 --is n adapt$ to famili> disc\rse1 --pres4 & pret4 t]m9ations (1 :at1 & h[ utt]$1 --examp4 (1 second p]s4 s+41 negat41 ?r\gh\t ! v]b ,,love1 conjugat$4 ,"s1 class$1 --vulg4 us$ = some:at1 or 9 "s degree1 7,,"s long]1 ,,sanb474 ,someh[ or o!r1 some:]e or o!r1 :at ! con/ruc4 ,some:]e1 n[h]e1 any:]e1 c41 _! class1 & h[ %\ld be writt54 ,sort1 see ,k9d4 ,s\nd1 ( a lett]1 commonly call$ its p[]1 --elem5t>y1 ( ! voice1 def9$4 --,s\nds1 simp4 or prim>y1 numb4 9 ,eng41 --elem5t>y1 :at meant by2 are few 9 numb42 _! comb9ations may be innum]able4 --,v[el s\nds1 or vocal elem5ts1 h[ produc$1 & :]e he>d2 :at ^? 9 ,eng41 & h[ may be modifi$ 9 ! =mat4 ( syllables2 d41 h[ may be writt51 & h[ utt]$4 --,consonant s\nds1 simp41 9 ,eng41 h[ _m1 & :at2 by :at lett]s m>k$2 9 :at words he>d4 --,s\nds1 long & %ort1 ,,signs us$ to d5ote !m4 --,s\nds1 a k (1 h[ acquir$1 --importance ( be+ e>ly taught to pron\nce ^? ( "o's native lang4 --,passage exemplify+ all ! lett]s1 & all ! ,,s\nds1 9 ,eng4 --,s\nds ( ! ,lett]s1 treat$4 ,speak1 to speak1 :at is meant by4 ,speak]1 :y (t5 speaks ( himself 9 ! ?ird p]s41 --repres5ts himself & o!rs by we1 --9 ,eng41 %\ld m5tion himself la/4 --,! elegant speak]1 by :at di/+ui%$4 ,species & figure ( words1 :at s call$1 --unsettl$ usage ( ! lang4 ) reg>d to :at relates to ! latt]4 ,species & g5us ( ?+s1 h[ admits limitation by ! article4 ,,spell+1 def9$4 --,spell+1 h[ to be acquir$1 --cause ( ! difficulty ( its acquisition1 --,rules =1 --usage1 z a law (1 --uni=mity & consi/5cy 91 h[ only c be atta9$4 --,! "r spell+ ( a ^w1 :at1 ,,philolog4 ,mus4 --,oral spell+1 h[ %\ld be conduct$4 --,*>ac4 ( ,,br[n',s rules = spell+4 ,spondee1 def9$4 ,/1 unsyllab4 suffix1 :e!r1 :]ev] f\nd1 is a modem contrac4 ( ! syllable e/4 ,/&>ds ( ,engli% or?og41 ! books propos$ z su*1 ab\nd 9 errors & inconsi/5cies4 --,:e!r we h a sy/em ( ,eng4 ,,or?oepy wor?y to be acc\nt$ a ,,/&>d4 ,/anza1 def9$4 --,/anzas1 uni=mity (1 9 ! same poem1 --v>ieties (1 --,elegiac /anza1 describ$4 --,/anzas1 lyric1 examples (1 --,a ,,good ,,"n1 7two beautiful little /anzas1 ,,br[n74 ,/>1 or a/]isk1 use (4 --,?ree />s1 or a/]ism1 ,/5otone1 or breve1 = :at us$4 ,/ops1 9 pr9t+ or writ+1 see ,po9ts4 ,/r5g?1 z a quality ( /yle1 9 :at consi/s1 --ess5tials (1 --,precepts aim+ at (f5ces aga9/4 ,/rew1 :e!r1 or n1 an o!r mode ( spell+ /r[2 :e!r to be di/+ui%$ 9 utt]ance f d42 :e!r reg4 or irreg4 ,,/yle1 qualities (1 treat$4 --,/yle1 z connect$ ) synt41 :at1 --diff]s f m]e words & m]e gramm>2 n regulat$ entirely by rules ( con/ruc41 --:at relation has to ! au?or himself1 & :at %[s1 --g5]al *>act]s (1 by :at epi!ts designat$4 --,:at mu/ be rememb]$ by ! le>n]1 9 =m+ 8 /yle2 a good /yle h[ acquir$4 --,/yle1 solemn1 famili>1 c41 z us$ 9 gram41 :at meant by4 --7,see ,solemn ,/yle47 ,subaudition1 mean+ ( ! t]m4 ,subdisjunctive p>ticle1 ( ! ,lat9s1 express$ 9 ,eng4 by or ( alt]nat4 ,subject ( a f9ite v]b1 :at1 & h[ may be kn[n1 --mu/ be ! ,,nom4 ,,case1 --:at besides a n\n or pron\n may be4 --,subject phrases1 jo9t1 :at agreem5ts require4 --,subject & pr$icate1 9 analysis4 ,see also ,nom9ative ,case4 ,subjunctive mood1 def9$4 --,subj4 mood1 :y s call$2 :at d5otes1 --diff]+ views ( gramm>ians 9 reg>d to ! numb4 & =m ( its t5ses4 --,! true subj4 mood reject$ by "s late gramm>ians2 /rictures on ,,wells4 --,,weld',s errone\s tea*+ respect+ ! subj41 notic$1 --,,*&4 d41 d4 --,*ief *>act]i/ical diff4 betwe5 ! indic4 & ! subj4 mood4 --,subj4 mood describ$1 --its two t5ses d41 & _! =ms %[n1 9 ! v]b ,,love1 conjugat$1 --:e!r ev] put aft] a rel4 pron\n1 --prop] limits (1 --h[ prop]ly employ$4 --,false subj4 --,subj4 mood1 n necess>ily gov]n$ by if1 le/1 c4 ,su*1 correspond+ to t1 ) inf94 foll41 --) rel4 z foll[+1 9 /ead ( :o or :i*4 ,sui g5]is1 :at ?+ is ?us designat$4 ,sup]lative degree1 def9$1 --,,br[n',s def9it4 (1 & ( ! o!r degrees1 new2 ! faulty *>ac4 ( ^? ( ,,murr41 %[n1 --! true nature (2 h[ may be us$2 to :at is applicable2 ! explanations (1 by ! copyi/s ( ,,murr41 criticis$1 --:e!r n applicable to two objects1 --:5 employ$1 :at con/ruc4 ( ! latt] t]m %\ld foll[4 --,d\ble sup]latives1 to be avoid$4 --,sup]l4 t]m9ation1 contractions (4 ,suppli$1 9 p>s+1 :at mu/ be4 ,see also ,ellipsis4 ,suppression1 m>k (1 see ,ellipsis4 ,syllabic writ+1 f> inf]ior to ! alphabetic1 ,,blair4 ,syllabication1 ,rules (1 --! doctr9e (1 :y att5d$ ) difficulty1 --object (2 ,,walk4 on2 /rictures on ,,mulk4 rules (1 --:i* ( ! f\r purposes (1 is pref]able 9 spell+-books & diction>ies1 --,,dr4 ,,l[? on1 --nature ( ,,br[n',s six ,rules (2 advantage ( a sy/em (1 f\nd$ on ! pronunciat41 --,,la?4 & ,,f[l4 fictiti\s dilemmas 94 --,syllabication1 errone\s1 samples (1 f ,,murr41 ,,web/41 et al4 ,,syllables1 treat$4 --,syllable def9$4 --,syllable1 _c be =m$ )\t a v[el1 --_c be brok54 --,syllables1 numb4 (1 9 a ^w1 --words d5om9at$ f _! numb4 (1 --! e> *iefly directs 9 ! division ( words into4 --7,see ,syllabication47 --,syllable1 its quantity 9 poetry1 --d41 on :at dep5ds4 ,syllepsis1 expla9$1 --lit]al signif4 ( ! t]m2 ext5d$ applicat4 ( d4 by ! gramm>ians & rhetoricians2 ,,br[n1 by 8 def9ition1 gives x a m re/rict$ applicat42 disapproves ( ,,web/4 explanat4 ( ! t]m1 --:at def9ition or :at applicat4 ( ! t]m is ! mo/ approp41 has become d\btful4 ,synresis1 expla9$4 ,syn*ysis1 :at 0 s t]m$ by "s ( ! anci5ts2 is diff]5t f hyp]baton2 its import 9 gram42 its lit]al signif4 ,syncope1 expla9$4 ,synecdo*e1 7compreh5sion17 expla9$4 --,synecd41 agreem4 ( pron4 ) antec$41 9 cases (4 ,synonym\s1 words s acc\nt$1 ,,prec4 conc]n+ ! use (4 ,syntactical p>s+1 see ,p>s+4 ,,syntax4 --,synt41 ( :at treats1 --! relation ( words1 ! mo/ important pr9ciple (2 defects ( ! gramm>s 9 treat+ ( d41 --false exhibitions ( gramm>ians ) respect to ! scope & p>ts (1 --"* ( ! rules (1 f\nd 9 mo/ gramm>s1 --divid$ by "s gramm>ians into concord & gov]nm41 & yet treat$ by !m )\t reg>d to su* division1 --common fault ( gramm>ians1 notic$1 ( jo9+ toge!r diff4 p>ts ( spee* 9 ! same rule (1 --d41 ( mak+ ! rules (1 d\ble or triple 9 _! =m1 --:e!r ! pr9ciples ( etymol4 affect ^? (4 --,all synt41 on :at f\nd$4 --,:y ,,br[n deem$ x ne$ful to add to 8 code ( synt4 a ,,g5]al ,,rule & ,,critical ,,notes4 ,figures ( syntax4 ,t4 ,t1 "n & plur4 numb4 (1 --sub/itution (1 = ed1 h[ f> all[able1 --s\nds (1 --is seldom sil5t2 9 :at words n s\nd$4 ,?1 7,greek3 ,?1 ,greek3 alt-?1 or ,greek3 alt#b-?1 ,gr417 :at repres5ts2 h[ 0 repres5t$ 9 ,anglo-,sax41 & to :at s\nds appli$2 ! two s\nds (4 ,to a ,tee1 ! colloq4 phrase1 expla9$4 ,tautology ( expression or ( s5tim5t1 a fault oppos$ to precision4 ,tea*]1 :at %\ld be 8 aim ) respect to gram4 ,te*nical t]ms1 unnec4 use (1 z oppos$ to propriety4 ,te*nically1 words & signs tak51 h[ to be con/ru$4 ,t5ses1 t]m def9$4 --,t5ses1 ! difi]5t1 nam$ & def9$1 --:e!r ! names (1 are approp41 or :e!r !y %\ld be *ang$1 --:e!r all express "t ) equal precision1 --:o reckon only ?ree1 & :o two2 :o /ill diff]5tly & v>i\sly "n _! t5ses1 --,t5ses1 pa/ & pres5t1 occurr+ toge!r4 ,see ,pres5t ,t5se1 ,imp]f4 ,t5se1 c4 ,t]m9at+ a s5t5ce ) a prep4 or o!r small p>ticle ,t]m9ations1 ( words1 sep>at$ 9 syllabicat4 --( v]bs1 numb4 ( diff]5t1 9 ea* t5se --( ! ,eng4 v]b2 ,,dr4 ,a4 ,,murr4 acc\nt ( --t5d5cy ( ! lang4 to lay aside ! lea/ agreeable --usage ( famil4 disc\rse 9 respect to ^? ( second p]s4 s+4 --v]bal or p>ticip41 h[ are f\nd writt5 9 old books --! only reg4 ones add$ to ,eng4 v]bs2 utt]ance ( ed & ed/ --ed1 p>ticipial1 & n1 v]bal1 ,,walk4 on ! contrac4 ( --,t]m9ation t1 = ed1 =c$ & irreg4 ,t]ms ( relation1 see ,relation4 ,tetramet] l9e1 iambic1 examples ( --a favorite ) _m ,eng4 writ]s2 ,,butl4 ,hudib41 ,,gay',s ,fab41 & mo/ ( ,,scott',s poems1 writt4 9 c\plets ( ?is meas4 --admits ! d\b4 rhyme adapt$ to famili> & burlesque /yle --tro*aic1 examples ( --"* ( d4 --,,ev]ett',s fanciful notions ab\t d4 --anape/ic1 examples ( --,l4 ,,hunt',s ,fea/ ( ! ,poets1 an ext5d$ examp4 ( d4 --dactylic1 examples ( ,?an1 z1 ) ellips4 9 latt] t]m ( comp>ison --"* & import ( --decl9able words connect$ by1 put 9 same case --,?an ,,:om1 z ,gr4 g5itive gov]n$ by comp>at41 ,,milt4 --:at gramm>ians h inf]r$ f ! phrase --,,murr4 exp$i5t to dispose ( d4 --,,*ur*4 makes ! rel4 9 d4 ! obj4 case absol41 --,,br[n det]m9es ) respect to ! con/ruc4 --,?an1 z dem&$ aft] else1 o!r1 c41 & ,eng4 comp>atives --d]ivation (1 f ,go?4 or ,anglo-,sax4 ,t1 its class det]m9$ --its v>i\s uses --z ,,rel4 ,,pron\n1 to :at appli$ --z us$ 9 anomal\s con/ruc41 --its peculi>ity ( con/ruc4 z a relative --its especial use z ! re/rictive relative --! frequ5t employm5t (1 by ,addison1 wrongly criticis$ by ,,blair --z a relative1 9 :at cases m appropriate ?an :o or :i* --,t1 ellipt41 repeat+ ! import ( ! prec$+ words1 7,& ,,t1 --,greek3 kai tauta17 --,t1 9 ! phrases 9 t1 c41 h[ to be reckon$ --,t1 z introduc+ a dep5d5t clause1 h[ to be rank$ --z introduc+ a s5t4 made ! subj4 or obj4 ( a f9ite v]b --its p[] at ! head ( a s5t4 or clause --its d]ivation ,!1 be=e ! species1 :at may d5ote --h[ commonly limits ! s5se --appli$ to n\ns ( ei!r numb4 --be=e :at adjectives1 requir$ --di/9ctive use ( 7,! ,psalmi/7 --z relat+ to comp>atives & sup]latives --us$ = poss4 pron4 --repetition (1 h[ avoid$ --d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 --pronunc4 ( e 94 ,see also ,def9ite ,article4 ,!m1 9 vulg4 use z an adj41 = ^? ,!nce1 c41 ) f prefix$1 :e!r all[able ,!re1 introductory & idiomatic1 notions ( gramm>ians conc]n+2 its posit4 & use2 is a regul> adv4 ( place1 & n )\t signification1 --d]ivation (1 f ,anglo-,sax4 --poet4 omission ( ,!y1 put indef9itely = m5 or p ,?is & t1 z expla9$ by ,,*ur*4 --plac$ be=e conjo9t s+ul>s1 7,,?is ,,p[] ,,& ,,w d1 c417 --9 contra/$ t]ms ,?ree />s1 or a/]ism1 use ( ,"t1 ! ord] & fitness (1 to be obs]v$ 9 con/ructions express+ x --n\ns (1 ) adv4 ,,:51 z a special relative1 foll[+ ,"t1 measure1 or weight1 "p made possessive ( ! :ole1 7,an ,,h\r',s "t7 --n\n (1 n poss41 imm$iately be=e an o!r1 7,a ,,p\nd ,,weight17 ,"t1 place1 c41 ! obj4 case 9 expressions (1 tak5 aft] ! fa%ion ( an adv4 ,"t1 measure1 di/ance1 or value1 n\ns (1 _! peculi>ity ( con/ruc42 ! p>s+ ( ,"t1 obj4 n\n (1 qualify+ a subsequ5t adj41 7,a *ild ,,( t5 ye>s ,,old17 ,f\r times1 five times1 c41 h[ to be reckon$4 ,,times1 be=e an o!r n\n1 by way ( ,,multiplication1 ! nature & con/ruc4 (1 discuss$2 decision4 ,times1 9 :at con/ruc4 may be call$ ! objective ( repetition1 or ( "t repeat$4 ,"t 9 pronunciation1 or quantity ,titles1 ( books1 are pr9t$ 9 capitals --( (fice1 c41 beg9 ) d4 --m]ely m5tion$ z su*1 are )\t art4 --,"n & ,,title1 7see ,prop] ,names47 ,side-titles1 use ( da% 9 application to ,tmesis1 expla9$ ,to1 z gov]n+ inf94 mood --d41 v>i\sly expla9$ by gramm>ians --is a sign ( inf41 b n a "p ( x --:at ,,br[n claims = 8 ,,rule respect+ ! inf94 z gov4 by ! prep4 ,,to1 c42 he %[s t ! doctr9e orig9at$ n ) himself --,,to & ! v]b1 :at ,,fi%] 7anno #ahjj7 taught respect+2 :at1 ,,l[?1 & :at1 absurdly1 ,,murr41 8 copyi/ --,to1 z gov]n+ inf941 trac$ f ! ,sax4 to ! ,eng4 ( ,,wickl41 --,to1 be=e inf941 evasive tea*+s ( ! lat] gramm>ians conc]n+ its class & con/ruc4 --d41 h[ consid]$ by mo/ ,eng4 gramm>ians --d41 h[ prov$ to be a prep4 --d41 prec$$ by =1 anc4 --aft] :at v]bs1 omitt$1 --:e!r to be repeat$ be=e inf9itives 9 ! same con/rue4 --sometimes requir$1 & sometimes exclud$1 aft] ?an or z --:e!r x may be sep>at$ f its v]b by an adv42 is plac$ m elegantly ,,aft] an adv41 7,,prop]ly ,,to respect17 --9 :at cases has no prop1 antec4 t]m ( relat4 --,to suppress$ & be ins]t$ aft] ,,make1 :e!r correctly --,to1 prep1 or adv41 f ,anglo-,sax4 --,to1 z prefix to n\n1 7to-day1 to-night1 to-morr[174 ,tones ( ! voice1 :at2 :y des]v+ ( j p>ticul> att5tion --:at d5om9at$ by ,,%]id42 :at %\ld be _! "* --,,blair',s rem>k on2 ,,hil4 d4 --,tones ( ! passions1 ,,walk1 obs]vation on4 ,topics1 diff]5t1 to be treat$ 9 sep>ate p>agraphs1 ,,prec4 ( ,unity4 ,transposition1 ( ! t]ms ( relat41 :5 a preposition beg9s or ends a s5t5ce or clause --rhetorical1 ( words1 or hyp]baton4 ,tribra*1 def9$4 ,trimet] l9e1 iambic1 ! measure seldom us$ alone2 examples (1 --& d41 ) div]sifications --tro*aic1 examples ( --anape/ic1 examples ( --alt]nat$ ) ! tetram41 examp41 ,! ,rose1 ( ,,c[p42 ! same scann$ --dactylic1 examples (4 ,triph?ong1 def9$ --prop]1 d41 ! only1 9 ,eng4 --improp41 d42 & ! improp4 triph?ongs nam$4 ,tro*aic v]se1 treat$ --,tro*4 v]se1 ! /ress 9 --nature ( ! s+le-rhym$2 error ( ,,murr4 et al4 conc]n+ ! la/ syll4 9 --h[ may be *ang$ to co9cide ) o!r measures2 h[ is affect$ by retr5*m5t --conf\nd$ ) iambic by sev]al gramm4 & prosodi/s --,/rictures on ,,*ur*41 :o d\bts ! exi/5ce ( ! tro*4 ord4 ( v]se --,tro*4 v]se %[n 9 its eight measures --,tro*aics1 ,eng41 ! ,,tetramet] ! mo/ common meas4 ( --,,dr4 ,,campb4 on --,tro*aic ( ,"o foot1 acc\nt (4 ,tro*ee1 or *oree1 def9$4 ,tropes1 :at figures ( rhetoric are s call$2 signif4 ( ! t]m4 ,tr[1 its signif41 & :]e occurs2 9 :at p]son & t5ses read4 ,truisms & s5seless rem>ks1 h[ to be dealt ) 9 gram4 ,tutoyant1 to :at ext5t preval5t among ! ,fr5*4 ,see ,y\y\+1 c4 ,type or "*1 two =ms ( ! lett]s 9 e k9d (4 ,u4 ,u1 lett41 :i* 7z ,a1 ,e1 ,i1 or ,o7 names itself --its plur4 numb4 --s\nds prop]ly its own --z self-nam+1 to :at equival5t2 requires art4 a1 & n an1 be=e x --pron\nc$ ) borr[$ s\nd --long or diph?ongal s\nd1 z yu2 s\nd ( sl5d] o or oo1 aft] r or rh4 ,unam5dable imp]fections sometimes f\nd 9 anci5t writ+s1 rem>ks 9 relation to4 ,unau?oriz$ words1 use (1 z oppos$ to purity1 ,,prec4 conc]n+4 ,unbecom+1 adj41 f p>ticiple comp\nd$1 error ( us+ transitively words ( ?is =m2 su* error h[ correct$4 ,unc]ta91 ! "p ( spee* left1 see ,equivocal1 c4 ,unco-passive voice1 or =m1 ( ! v]b1 7,is be+ built17 ! use (4 conflicts ) ! old] & bett] usage ( ! lang4 --! subject (1 discuss$ by ,,br[n --! true pr9ciple ) respect to1 /at$4 ,und]l9+ words1 9 prep>+ manuscripts1 to d5ote ,italics c4 ,und]/ood1 words said1 9 te*nical phrase1 to be1 :at su*1 7,lat41 subaudita7 ,ungrammatical language by :i* gramm> itself is pr(ess$ly taught1 sample f ,,murr42 f ,,p9neo2 et al4 e div]sis1 ,gram4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 passim4 ,unity1 z a quality ( /yle1 9 :at consi/s --requir$ by e s5t5ce --,precepts aim+ at (f5ces aga9/4 ,unity1 ,,! ,,idea ,,(1 h[ g5]ally det]m9$1 9 respect to a collect4 n\n1 :e!r x conveys su* idea or n4 ,usage1 z a law ( or?ography = p>ticul> words --,usage1 z x has be51 & z x is1 ! advantage ( an exhibition (1 by ! gramm>ian4 ,useless words1 employm5t (1 z oppos$ to precision4 ,,utt]ance1 treat$ --,utt]ance1 :at1 & :at includes4 ,v4 ,v1 "n & plur4 (3 --writt5 = a numb]3 --s\nd (1 ,value1 c41 n\ns (1 see ,"t4 ,v]bal or p>ticipial n\n1 7see ,p>ticipial1 c47 --,v]bal =ms us$ sub/antively1 by poet pecul4 ,,v]bs1 ,etymol4 (2 --,v]b1 def9$3 --:y s call$3 --a p]f4 def9ition (1 :y difficult to =m2 --,,*ief ,,t]ms1 or ,,pr9cip4 ,,p>ts1 ( an ,eng4 v]b1 nam$ & def9$4 --,v]bs4 ,classes (1 ) respect to _! ,,=m1 nam$ & def9$3 --d41 ) respect to _! signif41 d4 --7,see ,active-,transitive ,v]b1 c47 ,v]bs1 :ole numb1 (1 9 ,eng42 ! regul>1 f> ! mo/ num]\s2 acc\nt ( ! o!rs --h[ divid$ ) respect to signif4 9 mo/ gramm>s & diction>ies2 ,,br[n',s division --divid$ by c]ta9 gramm>ians into act41 pass41 & neut4 --,,murr1 on ! di/ribution ( --,,nix4 on d4 --,v]bs1 9 ,lat41 gramm>ians ( old diff]$ respect+ ! di/ribut4 ( --diff]5t me?ods ( di/ribut4 (1 by sev]al o!r au?ors1 notic$ --,v]bs1 mo/ act41 may be us$ ei!r z trans4 or z intrans4 --"s may be us$ ei!r 9 an act4 or a neut4 s5se --act4 =m (1 us$ 9 a pass4 s5se2 s also ,,"p4 9 +1 7,! books cont9ue ,,sell+7 --,v]bs1 ,modifications (1 nam$ --,moods (1 nam$ & def9$2 7see ,inf9itive ,mood1 ,indic4 ,mood1 c47 --,t5ses (1 nam$ & def9$2 7see ,pres5t ,t5se1 ,imp]f4 ,t5se1 c47 --,p]sons & numb]s (1 :at --,conjugations ( --h[ pr9cipally conjugat$ --7,see ,conjugation7 --,v]bs1 ,irreg41 ,li/ ( --simp4 irreg41 numb4 (2 :5ce d]iv$ --,r$undant1 ,li/ ( --,defective1 d4 --,v]bs irreg4 & r$und41 ( :at "* all =m] li/s (1 h be5 --,v]bs1 ( ask+ & tea*+1 con/ruc4 ( --:e!r any1 9 ,eng41 c gov]n two cases --suppress$ 9 exclamat4 c4 --,v]bs1 ,synt4 ( --,v]bs requir+ a regim51 %\ld n be us$ )\t an object --,v]b1 ,,agreem4 (1 ) its subject --d41 inf]r$ --d41 by sylleps41 9 plur41 title ( a book --d41 9 imp]at4 mood --,v]b ( ! ?ird p]s4 s+4 ) a plur4 n\n ( ! neut4 g5d41 ! use (1 a /range cu/om ( ! ,greeks2 su* use n exi/5t 9 ,eng4 --,v]b1 ,,agreem4 (1 ) inf94 phrase or s5t5ce z subject --d41 ) inf94 subject limit$1 7,,= ,,m5 ,,to ,,se>* _! own glory1 ,,is1 c47 --d41 ) a nom4 9 int]rog4 s5t5ces --d41 ) a rel41 accord+ to ! true antec$4 ( ! pron42 7examp4 ( error f ,,dr4 ,,blair7 --d41 ) a nom4 limit$ by adjuncts --d41 ) composite or conv]t$ subjects --d41 ) ea*1 e1 "o1 c41 z lead+ words --d41 by *ange ( nom9ative --,v]b1 ! =m (1 to be adapt$ to ! /yle --:5 requires a sep>ate nom4 express$ --,v]b1 ,,agreem4 (1 ) a nom4 n\n collective --d41 ) jo9t nom9atives --d41 ) two connect$ nom9atives 9 appos4 --d41 ) two conn4 nom9atives emphatically di/+ui%$ --d41 ) two conn4 nom9atives prec$$ by ea*1 e1 or no --d41 ) ne>e/ ( connect$ nom9atives1 & und]/ood to ! re/2 :e!r ! usage is prop] 9 ,eng4 --d41 ) connect$ nom9atives ( diff]5t p]sons --d41 ) connect$ subjects1 "o tak5 affirmat4 & ! o!r negat4 --d41 ) two subjects connect$ by z well z1 b1 or save --d41 ) connect$ subjects prec$$ by ea*1 e1 or no --d41 9 ellipt4 con/ruc4 ( jo9t nom9atives --d41 ) di/9ct subject phrases connect$ by & --d41 ) disjunct4 nom9atives --d41 ) disagree+ nom9atives connect$ disjunctively --d41 :5 connect$ nom9atives require diff]5t =ms ( ! v]b --d41 ) di/9ct phrases disjunct1 connect$ --,v]bs1 connect$ by &1 or1 or nor1 h[ mu/ agree --discordant1 h[ manag$ ) respect to agreem4 --,v]b1 mixture ( ! diff4 /yles (1 ineleg4 --diff4 moods (1 n to be us$ "u ! same circum/ances --:5 two connect$ t]ms require diff4 =ms (1 :at ins]tion is necess>y --,v]bs ( comm&+1 desir+1 expect+1 c41 to :at actions or ev5ts ref] --( desi/+1 omitt+1 c41 ) a "p4 foll[+1 r ?an an inf94 --( prev5t+1 :at %\ld be made to gov]n --,v]b1 f9ite1 punc4 ( --ellips4 (1 %[n --d]ivation (1 f n\ns1 adjectives1 & v]bs --poet4 peculi>ities 9 ! use ( ,v]bosity1 z affect+ /r5g? ,v]se1 9 oppos4 to prose1 :at --,blank v]se1 z di/+ui%$ f rhyme --,v]se1 g5]al s5se ( ! t]m2 its d]ivation & lit]al signif42 ! visible =m ( v]se --,v]se1 z def9$ by ,,joh41 ,,walk41 et al42 d4 by ,,web/4 --,v]se1 ,eng41 ! difficulty ( treat+ ! subject (1 & f :at ?is arises --,a v]se1 or l9e ( poetry1 ( :at consi/s --,v]se1 or poetic measure1 ! k9ds1 or ord]s (1 nam$2 7see ,iambic ,v]se1 ,tro*aic ,v]se1 c47 --,v]se1 ! prop] read+ ( ,,v]sification1 treat$ --,v]sification1 def9$ --,v]sification1 ,,poe',s 7,e4 ,a47 notions conc]n+2 8 c5sure ( ,,br[n',s =m] def9ition (2 8 rejection ( ! idea ( v]sif4 f ! pr9ciple ( rhy?m2 8 un=tunate d]ivat4 ( rhy?m f ,greek3 huri?mos1 & va9 attempts to expla9 ! t]m3 ! f>rago summ>ily dispos$ ( by ,,br[n --,,ev]ett',s ,sy/em ( ,eng4 ,v]sification1 acc\nt (1 & /rictures on ,vision1 or imag]y1 expla9$ ,vocative case ( ,lat4 & ,gr4 gram41 n kn[n 9 ,eng4 ,voice1 ,,active1 & ,,passive1 :e!r necess>y t]ms 9 ,eng4 gram4 ,v[el1 def9$ --,v[els nam$ --,w & ,y1 :5 v[els2 comp4 --,v[el s\nds1 or vocal elem5ts1 ! diff]5t1 h[ produc$ --:at are ^? 9 ,eng4 --h[ ea* may be v>i\sly express$ by lett]s2 notation ( --,v[els1 two com+ toge!r1 :]e may be p>t$ 9 syllabication4 ,w4 ,w1 its "n & plur4 numb4 --simpl] t]m ?an ,d\ble-u p]haps desirable2 ,,dr4 ,,web/4 on ! lett4 --,w1 :5 a v[el --) v[el foll41 s\nd ( --be=e h1 h[ pron\nc$ --9 ,eng4 nev] us$ alone z a v[el --no diph?ongs or triph?4 9 ,eng41 beg9n+ )4 ,wages1 n\n1 plur4 by =mation2 its con/rue1 ) a v]b4 ,walk]1 ,j41 e/imate ( 8 ,critical ,pron\nc+ ,diction>y --9 8 lexicography h[ f> foll[$ ,,dr4 ,,joh4 ,01 contr>y to usage pref]r$ by "s to 71 9 ! imp]f4 s+1 ( ! subj4 ,we1 plur41 z repres5t+ ! speak] & o!rs2 h[ sometimes us$ 9 /ead ( ! s+42 sometimes pref]r$ by mon>*s to ,i4 ,web/]1 ,dr4 ,n41 describes language z compreh5d+ ! voice ( brutes --nev] nam$ ! ,eng4 lett]s rightly --8 or?ography z a /&>d2 d4 comp>$ ) t ( ,,dr4 ,,joh4 --! result to himself ( 8 v>i\s attempts to re=m our or?og42 ! value ( 8 def9itions4 ,weight1 measure1 c41 see ,"t4 ,w]t1 z us$ 9 lieu ( wa/ --its mood n easy to det]m9e2 au?orities = a v>i\s use (4 ,:at1 its class & nature --to :at usually appli$2 its tw(old relat4 expla9$ --its numb42 example ( solec4 9 ! use ( --z a m]e adj41 or z a pron4 indef4 --its use bo? z an adj4 & z a relative at ! same "t2 d4 = :o or :i*1 ludic4 & vulg4 --decl9$ --h[ to be dispos$ ( 9 etymolog4 p>s+2 h[ to be p>s$ syntactically --h[ becomes an int]j4 --us$ app>4 = an adv42 utt]$ exclamatorily be=e an adj41 to be tak5 z an adj41 7,,:at ,,p>tial judges are our1 c417 --foll[$ by t1 by way ( pleonasm1 7,,:at ,i tell y 9 d>kness1 ,,t1 c417 --) b prec$+1 7,to f9d a fri5d1 ,,b ,,:at c417 --vulg4 use (1 = t --d]ivation (1 f ,sax41 %[n4 ,:atev] or :atsoev]1 its peculi>ities ( con/rue41 ! same z ^? ( :at2 its use 9 simp1 relation --its con/ruc4 z a d\ble relative2 :e!r x may be suppos$ ellipt4 --its decl5sion4 ,:51 :]e1 or :ile1 9 :at in/ance n fit to foll[ ! v]b is --,:51 :]e1 :i!r1 z p>tak+ ( ! nature ( a pron42 con/ruc1 ( d41 ) antec$5t n\ns ( "t1 c41 h[ f> all[able --d]ivation (1 f ,anglo-,sax4 ,:e!r1 z an int]rog4 pron42 z a disjunc4 conjunc4 --conjunc4 corresponsive to or --z d41 its d]ivation f ,sax4 ,:i*1 relative --its =m] use2 to :at objects n[ conf9$ --its use aft] a p]sonal t]m tak5 by meton4 = a ?+2 d41 z /ill applicable to p]sons --is ( all ! g5d]s1 79 oppos4 to ,,murr41 ,,web/41 et4 al417 --is less approp4 ?an :o1 9 all p]sonifications --its con/ruc4 :5 tak5 9 its discrim4 s5se1 --h[ diff]s f ! rel4 t --,,blair',s incorrect rem>ks respect+ --,:i*1 z rel4 or int]rog41 decl9$ --,:i*1 sometimes takes ^: = its poss41 --repres5ts a prop4 "n tak5 m]ely z a "n1 7,h]od --,,:i* is b1 c417 --d4 n\ns ( mult1 express+ p]sons1 :5 su* are /rictly ( ! neut4 g5d41 7,! ,,committees ,,:i* c417 --9 :at cases is less approp4 ?an t --does n fitly repres5t an indicative ass]tion1 7',be ,,att5tive1 )\t ,,:i*1 c417 --its ,sax4 d]ivation %[n --,! :i*1 obsol41 --,:i*1 int]rog41 :at dem&s1 --to :at objects appli$ --n[ us$ = ! obsol4 :e!r4 ,:i*ev]1 :i*soev]1 signif4 & con/ruc4 ( --decl5sion (4 ,:o1 relative --to :at usually appli$ --has sup]s$$ :i*1 =m]ly appli$ to p]sons1 7,our ,fa!r ,,:o art c417 --to be pref]r$ to :i*1 9 all p]sonifications --h[ diff]s f ! rel4 t --,:o1 z rel4 or int]rog41 decl9$1 --,^:1 use (1 = ! defec4 poss41 ( :i* --,?an :om1 7see ,?an47 --,:o1 int]rog41 :at dem&s --may be ! antec$4 ( ! rel4 t --,:o1 d]ivation (1 f ,sax4 ,:oev]1 & :oso or :osoev]1 signif4 & con/ruc4 ( --decl5s4 ( --,:oso & :atso1 antiq41 import & use (1 ,:ole1 improp4 use (1 = all4 7,almo/ ! ,,:ole inhabitants1 ,,hume4174 ,:y1 aft] n\ns ( cause1 7see ,:51 c47 --,:y1 :]e=e1 !re=e1 _! class4 ,w1 v]b1 h[ v>i$ --use (1 z a pr9cipal v]b4 ,wis1 v]b1 pret4 wi/1 signif4 & use ( --,_h ,i wi/1 ,)1 = &1 7see ,cum37 --add$ to adv4 ( direc41 ) emphat4 imp]at4 7,up ,,) x74 ,)al its class & con/ruc4 ,)\t1 obsol4 use (1 = unless or except4 ,)\t51 p>agog4 & poet4 =m4 ,)9side ( ,won't1 :5ce =m$2 its pronunc4 ,worce/]1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e41 8 ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y ,,words1 treat$4 --,^w1 def9$4 --,words di/+ui%$1 & ! divisions (1 def9$4 --7,see ,comp\nd ,^w47 --,words1 ,rules = ! figure (2 --simp41 :5 comp\nd+ is to be avoid$ --:5 to be jo9$1 or to be writt5 sep>ately --,words1 ! nature (1 expla9$ --! consid4 (1 z comm41 & z prop41 --brevity s\ght 9 ! comm4 use ( --! id5tity (1 9 :at consi/s --unsettl$ & v>iable usage ) respect to ! figure ( --,words t may con/itute diff4 p>ts ( spee*1 _! con/ruc4 n to be left d\btf4 --! ref]5ce (1 to o!r words1 d4 --s5selessly jumbl$1 *>ac4 ( --entirely ne$less1 h[ to be dispos$ ( --un9tellig5tly misappli$1 :at indicates1 --,words1 ,,punct4 (3 9 pairs2 alt]nat$2 put absol42 9 appos42 repeat$ --,words1 d]ivation (1 treat$ --mo/ ( ^? reg>d$ z primitives 9 ,eng41 may be trac$ to ult]ior s\rces --! /udy (1 its importance --h[ ! k (1 may be promot$ ) respect to ,eng4 --,words1 ! use (1 z affect+ ,purity --d41 z affect4 ,propriety --d41 z affect4 ,precision --d41 z affect4 ,p]spicuity --d41 z affect4 ,/r5g? ,wor%ip]1 :e!r prop]ly writt5 ) a s+le or a d\ble p ,wor?1 its class & con/ruc4 ,wor?y1 admits n ellips4 ( prep1 ( be=e obj4 foll[+ ,writ+1 to write1 :at meant by ,x4 ,x1 its "n & plur4 num4 --=mat4 ( ! plur4 ( n\ns 9 --:y nev] d\bl$ --writt5 = a numb] --its s\nds ,y4 ,y1 its "n & plur4 numb42 --borr[$ fir/ by ! ,romans f ! ,greeks1 by :om call$ ,ypsilon --9 ,eng4 is ei!r a v[el or a conson4 --class$ ) ! semiv[els --f9al1 *ang$ or un*ang$ be=e t]m9ations --d41 :51 by =m] practice1 reta9$ 9 v]bs end+ 9 y1 be=e conson4 t]m9ations --s\nds ( --9 poet4 =mat4 ( adjectives ,ye1 nom4 plur41 solemn /yle --its use z ! obj4 case --z a m]e explet4 9 burlesque --its use 9 ! lang4 ( trag$y --us$ = !e --9 ! ,eng4 ,bible n f\nd 9 ! obj4 case --,ye & y1 promisc4 use (1 9 ! same case & ! same /yle1 ineleg4 ,yes1 yea1 9 a simp4 affirmation1 con/ruc4 & class ( --d]ivation (1 f ,anglo-,sax4 ,y1 use (1 = ?\ --,y1 ) 01 7,,y ,,0 ,,build+17 approv$ by ,,dr4 ,,web/4 et al41 z ! bett] =m = ! s+4 numb4 --,y1 & ,,v]b ,,plur41 9 ref]5ce to "o p]son1 h[ to be treat$ 9 p>s+4 ,y\r1 facet4 9 conv]sation1 & h[ utt]$ 7,dwells1 l ,,y\r mis]1 sir1 c41 ,,%ak417 ,y\rself1 its pecul4 ( con/ruc4 ,y\r ,maje/y1 y\r ,highness1 c41 see ,address4 ,y\y\+ & !e?\+1 hi/ory ( ,z4 ,z1 its "n & plur4 --has be5 call$ by sev]al names2 ,,walk41 on ! "n --peculi>ity ( its ord9>y =m --its s\nds describ$ ,zeugma1 7i4e41 ,,jugatio1 vel ,,connexio1 ,sanct417 ! v>i\s =ms (1 7 nam$ & notic$1 b n c5sur$1 by ! anci5t gramm>ians --con/ructions ( adjectives1 ref]r$ to ! figure1 7,,"o or a ,,few judges172 d4 ( v]bs1 7,b ,,he ,,nor ,i ,,feel m1 ,,"y17 ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,index1 ,,& ,,( ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,engli% ,,gramm>s4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,b5 ,jonson's notion ( gramm>1 & ( its p>ts1 0 z foll[s3 ,gramm> is ! art ( true & well-speak+ a language3 ! writ+ is b an accid5t4 ,! ,p>ts ( ,gramm> are ,etymology :i* is _/ ! true notation ( words1 ,syntaxe _/ ! "r ord]+ ( !m4 ,a ^w is a "p ( spee* or note1 :]eby a ?+ is kn[n or call$2 & consi/e? ( "o or m lett]s4 ,a lett] is an indivisible "p ( a syllable1 ^: prosody1 or "r s\nd+1 is p]ceiv$ by ! p[]2 ! or?ography1 or "r writ+1 by ! =m4 ,prosody1 & ,or?ography1 are n p>ts ( gramm>1 b diffus$1 l blood & spirits1 ?r\gh ! :ole4--,jonson's ,gramm>1 ,book ,i4 #b ,horne ,tooke eag]ly seiz$ ^u a "p ( ?is absurdity1 to prove t ,dr4 ,l[?1 f :om ,murray d]iv$ ! idea1 0 utt]ly unprep>$ = :at he und]took 9 ! "* ( a gramm>ian3 ,dr4 ,l[?1 :5 he und]took to write 8 ,introduction1 ) ! be/ int5tion 9 ! _w1 mo/ assur$ly s9n$ aga9/ 8 bett] judgm5t4 ,= he beg9s mo/ judici\sly1 ?us--',univ]sal gramm> expla9s ! pr9ciples :i* are common to all languages4 ,! gramm> ( any p>ticul> language1 applies ^? common pr9ciples to t p>ticul> language4' ,& yet1 ) ?is cle> tru? be=e 8 eyes1 he boldly proce$s to give a p>ticul> gramm>2 )\t be+ himself possess$ ( "o s+le pr9ciple ( univ]sal gramm>4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #bbd4 ,if ,dr4 ,l[? discr$it$ 8 bett] judgem5t 9 attempt+ to write an ,engli% gramm>1 p]haps ,murray1 & 8 weak] copyi/s1 h little hon\r$ !irs1 9 suppos+ !y 7 adequate to su* a "w4 ,b ,i d n admit1 t ei!r ,l[? or ,murray beg9s mo/ judici\sly1 9 speak+ ( ,univ]sal & ,p>ticul> gramm> 9 ! mann] above cit$4 ,! au?ors :o h />t$ ) ?is fundam5tal blund]1 are /rangely num]\s4 ,x is f\nd 9 "s ( ! mo/ dissimil> sy/ems t c be nam$4 ,ev5 ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce1 :o has a mu* l[] op9ion ( ,murray's ability 9 gramm> ?an ,tooke _h ( ,l[?'s1 adopts ?is false notion ) all implicitness1 ?\gh he decks x 9 language m objectionable1 & scorns to ackn[l$ge :5ce he got x4 ,see 8 ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,de ,suey1 9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 says1 ,all rules ( ,syntax relate to two ?+s1 ,agreem5t & ,gov]nm5t4--,foxdick's ,tr41 p4 #ajh4 ,& aga93 ,none ( ^! rules prop]ly belong to ,g5]al ,gramm>1 z ea* language foll[s1 9 reg>d to ! rules ( ,agreem5t & ,gov]nm5t1 a c\rse peculi> to itself4--,ibid41 p4 #aji4 ,x is ) ,con/ruction i4e41 ,arrangem5t z ) ,syntax4 ,x foll[s no g5]al rule common to all languages4--,ibid4 ,accord+ to ^! positions1 :i* ,i d n admit to be /rictly true1 ,g5]al or ,univ]sal ,gramm> has no pr9ciples ( ,syntax at all1 :atev] else x may h :i* ,p>ticul> ,gramm> c assume & apply4 #c ,?is v]b d is wrong1 because to be contemn$ is passive4 #d ,a v good judge has left u 8 op9ion & det]m9ation 9 ?is matt]2 t he 'w\ld take = 8 rule 9 speak+1 n :at might happ5 to be ! faulty caprice ( ! multitude1 b ! cons5t & agreem5t ( le>n$ m54'--,creighton's ,dict41 p4 #ba4 ,! good judge "h spok5 (1 is ,qu9tilian2 ^: words on ! po9t are ^!3 ,necess>ium e/ judicium1 con/itu5dumque imprimis1 id ipsum quid sit1 quod consuetud9em vocemus4 99 99 99 ,9 loqu5do1 non1 si quid vitiose multis ins$]it1 pro regula s]monis1 ampl5dum e/4 99 99 99 ,ergo consuetud9em s]monis1 vocabo cons5sum eruditorum sicut viv5di1 cons5um honorum4--,de ,in/4 ,orat41 ,lib4 i4 ,cap4 #f1 p4 #eg4 #e ,! op9ion ( pl5ty is among/ ! causes ( want2 & ! great quantity ( books make? a %[ r ( sup]fluity ?an lack2 :i* sur*>ge1 nev]!less1 is n to be remov$ by mak+ no m books1 b by mak+ m good books1 :i*1 z ! s]p5t ( ,moses1 might dev\r ! s]p5ts ( ! en*ant]s4--,bacon4 ,9 po9t ( /yle1 8 lord%ip is "h defici5t2 & he has also mix$ & m>r$ ! figure :i* he uses4 ,b ! idea is a good "o4 #f ,n1 ,oldham1 9 ,hamp%ire1 z ! ,univ]sal ,biographical ,diction>y has x2 = ,oldham is 9 ,lanca%ire1 & ! "n ( ,lily's bir?place has sometimes be5 spell$ ,odiam4 #g ,!re are o!r ,lat9 gramm>s n[ 9 use 9 ,engl&2 b :at "o is mo/ popul>1 or :e!r any reg>d is /ill paid to ! anci5t edict or n1 ,i _c say4 ,dr4 ,adam1 9 8 preface1 dat$ #agic1 speak+ ( ,lily1 says3 ,8 ,gramm> 0 appo9t$1 by an act :i* is /ill 9 =ce1 to be taught 9 ! e/abli%$ s*ools ( ,engl&4 ,i h someh[ ga9$ ! impression1 t ! act is n[ totally disreg>d$4--,g4 ,br[n4 #h ,= ?is !re is an obvi\s reason1 or apology1 9 :at 8 biograph] /ates1 z ! humble orig9 ( 8 ,gramm>2 & x is su* a reason z w g to confirm :at ,i allege4 ,?is fam\s compilation 0 produc$ at ! reque/ ( two or ?ree "y tea*]s1 :o _h *>ge ( a small female s*ool 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! au?or's resid5ce3 & no?+ c\ld h be5 m unexpect$ to _! fri5d & in/ructor1 ?an t he1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is s]vice1 %\ld become kn[n ! _w ov]1 z ,murray ! ,gramm>ian4 ,9 prep>+ ! "w1 & cons5t+ to ! publicaton1 he _h no expectation t x w\ld be read1 except by ! s*ool = :i* x 0 design$1 & two or ?ree o!r s*ools conduct$ by p]sons :o 7 also 8 fri5ds4--,life ( ,l ,murray1 p4 #bej4 #i ,grammatici namque auctoritas p] se nulla e/2 quom ex sola doctissimorum oraturum1 hi/oricorum1 poet>um1 et aliorum ideonorum scriptorum obs]vatione1 con/et ortam esse v]am grammaticam4 ,multa dic5da =5t1 si grammati/>um ineptias refell]e vellem3 s$ nulla e/ gloria prt]ire asellos4--,,despaut]ii ,prf4 ,art4 ,v]sif41 fol4 iii1 #aeag4 #aj ,! ,lat9 ^w = p>ticiple is p>ticipium1 :i* makes p>ticipio 9 ! dative or ! ablative case2 b ! ,lat9 ^w = p>take is p>ticipo1 & n p>ticipio4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #aa ,?is s5t5ce is manife/ly bad ,engli%3 ei!r ! s+ul> v]b appe>s %\ld be made plural1 or ! plural n\n inve/igations %\ld be made s+ul>4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ab ,:at6 a book h no m]it1 & yet be call$ = at ! rate ( sixty ?\s& copies a ye>6 ,:at a sl&] is ?is ^u ! public ta/e6 ,:at an insult to ! und]/&+ & discrim9ation ( ! good p ( ^! ,unit$ ,/ates6 ,accord+ to ?is reason+1 all ! inhabitants ( our l& mu/ be fools1 except "o man1 & t man is ,,goold ,,br[n6--,,kirkham1 9 ! ,knick]bock]1 ,oct4 #ahcg1 p4 #cfa4 ,well may ! hone/ critic expect to be call$ a sl&]] ( ! public ta/e1 & an insult] ( ! nation's und]/&+1 if bo? ! m]it ( ?is vaunt$ book & ! wisdom ( its pur*as]s are to be measur$ & prov$ by ! au?or's pr(its1 or ! publi%]'s acc\nt ( sales6 ,b1 possibly1 betwe5 ! intr9sic m]it & ! m>ket value ( "s books !re may be a diff]5ce4 ,"l ,byron1 x is said1 receiv$ f ,murray 8 booksell]1 ne>ly t5 doll>s a l9e = ! ,f\r? ,canto ( ,*ilde ,h>old1 or ab\t z mu* = e two l9es z ,milton obta9$ = ! :ole ( ,p>adise ,lo/4 ,is ?is ! true ratio ( ! m]it ( ^! au?ors1 or ( ! wisdom ( ! diff]5t ages 9 :i* !y liv$8 #ac ,kirkham's real op9ion ( ,murray _c be kn[n f ?is passage only4 ,h[ able is t writ] :o is *>geable ) ! greate/ want ( ta/e & disc]nm5t8 ,9 reg>d to ! application ( ! f9al pause 9 read+ blank v]se1 no?+ c betray a great] want ( rhetorical ta/e & philosophical acum51 ?an ! directions ( ,mr4 ,murray4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #ade4 ,kirkham is inde$ no judge ei!r ( ! m]its1 or ( ! dem]its1 ( ,murray's writ+s2 nor is x probable t ?is criticism orig9at$ ) himself4 ,b1 s9ce x appe>s 9 8 "n1 let him h ! cr$it ( x1 & ( repres5t+ ! compil] :om he calls t able writ] & t em95t philologi/1 z an unta/eful dunce1 & a tea*] ( nons5se3 ,to say t1 unless we 'make e l9e s5sible to ! e>1' we m> ! melody1 & suppress ! numb]s ( ! poet1 is all nons5se4--,ibid4 ,see ,murray's ,gramm>1 on ,poetical ,pauses2 #hvo1 p4 #bfj2 #abmo1 #baj4 #ad ,n[1 9 ^! in/ances1 ,i %\ld be fair game1 7 x n = ! trifl+ diff]5ce1 t ,i happ5 to pres5t ! doctr9es & notions ( o!r writ]s1 & ,,n my own1 z /at$ by my le>n$ c5sor4--,,kirkham1 9 ! ,knick]bock]1 ,oct4 #ahcg1 p4 #cfj4 ,if ! in/ructions above cit$ are n 8 own1 !re is n1 )9 ! lids ( ei!r book1 a p5ny's wor? t is4 ,8 fruitful copy-rights are void 9 law3 ! le>n$ c5sor's pl$ge %all gu>anty ?is issue4--,g4 ,b4 #ahch4 #ae ,i am sorry to obs]ve t ! g5tleman1 ,phr5ologi/1 z he pr(esses to be1 has s little rev]5ce 9 8 cr[n4 ,he c\ld n read ! =ego+ sugge/ion )\t sc(f+ at x4 ,biblical tru? is n p[]less1 ?\gh ! scornful may refuse its correction4--,g4 ,b4 #ahch4 #af ,e s*oolboy is famili> ) ! foll[+ l9es1 & rightly und]/&s ! words evil & good to be n\ns1 & n adjectives4 ,! evil t m5 d1 lives aft] !m2 ,! good is (t int]r$ ) _! bones4--,,%akspe>e4 ,julius ,cs>1 ,act #c3 ,antony's ,fun]al ,oration ov] ,cs>'s ,body4 ,kirkham has vehem5tly c5sur$ me = omitt+ ! brackets 9 :i* he encloses ! words t be supposes to be und]/ood 9 ?is c\plet4 ,b he =gets two important circum/ances3 ,fir/1 t ,i 0 quot+1 n ! b>d1 b ! grammati/2 ,second1 t a writ] uses brackets1 to di/+ui% 8 own am5dm5ts ( :at he quotes1 & n ^? ( an o!r man4 ,h5ce ! m>ks :i* he has us$1 w\ld h be5 improp] = me4 ,_! ins]tion does n make 8 read+ ( ! passage good ,engli%1 &1 consequ5tly1 does n av]t ! po9t ( my criticism4 ,! =ego+ ,review ( ,kirkham's ,gramm>1 0 publi%$ z an extract f my manuscript1 by ! editors ( ! ,knick]bock]1 9 _! numb] = ,june1 #ahcg4 ,f\r mon?s aft]w>ds1 ) fri5d%ips *ang$1 !y gave1 him ! ju/ice ( appe>+ 9 _! pages1 9 a long & virul5t article aga9/ me & my works1 repres5t+ me1 ) emphatic =ce1 z a knave1 a li>1 & a p$ant4 ,! enmity ( t effusion ,i =gave2 because ,i bore him no p]sonal ill-w1 & 0 n selfi% en\gh to qu>rel = my own sake4 ,its imbecility cle>ly prov$1 t 9 ?is critique !re is no?+ ) :i* he c\ld ju/ly f9d fault4 ,p]ceiv+ t no po9t ( ?is argum5t c\ld be brok51 he *ang$ ! gr\nd1 & satisfi$ himself ) despis+1 upbraid+1 & vilify+ ! writ]4 ,( :at use ?is 01 o!rs may judge4 ,?is extraord9>y gramm>ian surviv$ ! publication ( my criticism ab\t t5 ye>s1 &1 x is *>itably hop$1 di$ happily2 :ile ,i h _h1 = a p]iod some:at long]1 all ! b5efits :i* 8 e>ne/ ca/igation 0 fit to conf]4 ,x is n p]ceiv$1 t :at 0 writt5 be=e ^! ev5ts1 %\ld n[ be alt]$ or suppress$ by reason ( !m4 ,) 8 pret5d$ def5ce1 ,i %all n[ conc]n myself no fur!r ?an simply to d5y "o rem>kable ass]tion conta9$ 9 x2 :i* is ?is--t ,i1 ,goold ,br[n1 at ! fun]al ( ,a>on ,ely1 9 #ahcj1 prais$1 & highly prais$1 ?is self-same ,gramm>1 & decl>$ x to be ',a ,,good ,,"w6'--,,kirkham1 9 ! ,knick]bock]1 ,oct41 #ahcg1 p4 #cfb4 ,i treat$ him always c\rte\sly1 &1 on ?is solemn occasion1 walk$ ) him )\t disput+ on gramm>2 b1 if ?is /atem5t ( 8 has any reasonable f\ndation1 ,i "k n :at x is4--,g4 ,b4 9 #ahej4 #ag ,see ,notes to ,pope's ,dunciad1 ,book ,,ii1 v]se #adj4 #ah ,a mod]n namesake ( ! ,doctor's1 ! ,rev4 ,david ,blair1 has ! foll[+ conception ( ! utility ( ^! speculations3 ,to enable *ildr5 to compreh5d ! ab/ract idea t all ! words 9 a language consi/ b ( n9e k9ds1 x w be f\nd useful to expla9 h[ savage tribes ,,:o hav+ no language1 w\ld fir/ inv5t "o1 beg9n+ ) int]jections & n\ns1 & proce$+ f "o "p ( spee* to ano!r1 z _! introduction might successively be call$ = by necessity or luxury4--,blair's ,pract4 ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 vii4 #ai ,int]jections1 ,i %ew$1 or passionate exclamations1 7 ! fir/ elem5ts ( spee*4 ,m5 lab\r$ to communicate _! feel+s to "o ano!r1 by ^? expressive cries & ge/ures :i* nature taught !m4--,dr4 ,hugh ,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #eg4 #bj ,x is c]ta9 t ! v]b 0 inv5t$ be=e ! n\n1 9 all ! languages ( :i* a tol]able acc\nt has be5 procur$1 ei!r 9 anci5t or mod]n times4--,dr4 ,alex4 ,murray's ,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cbf4 #ba ,! ,greek ( ?is passage1 toge!r ) a translation n v diff]5t f ! =ego+1 is giv5 z a m>g9al note1 9 ,h>ris's ,h]mes1 ,book ,,iii1 ,*ap4 #c;d4 #bb ,! ,bible does n say positively t !re 0 no div]sity ( languages be=e ! flood2 b1 s9ce ! life-"t ( ,adam ext5d$ fifty-six ye>s into t ( ,lame*1 ! fa!r ( ,noah1 & two hundr$ & =ty-?ree into t ( ,me?uselah1 ! fa!r ( ,lame*1 ) bo? ( :om ,noah 0 contempor>y ne>ly six hundr$ ye>s1 x is sc>cely possible t !re %\ld h occurr$ any su* div]sity1 ei!r 9 ,noah's day or be=e1 except f "s extraord9>y cause4 ,"l ,bacon reg>d$ ! multiplication ( languages at ,babel z a g5]al evil1 :i* _h _h no p>allel b 9 ! curse pron\nc$ aft] ,adam's transgression4 ,:5 ! language ( all ! e>? 0 conf\nd$1 ,noah 0 yet alive1 & he is comput$ to h liv$ #afb ye>s aft]w>ds2 b :e!r 9 8 day1 or at h[ e>ly a p]iod1 gramm> 0 ?\ght (1 z a rem$y = ?is evil1 does n appe>4 ,bacon says1 ,conc]n+ spee* & words1 ! consid]ation ( !m ha? produc$ ! sci5ce ( gramm>4 ,= man /ill /rive? to r$9tegrate himself 9 ^? b5$ictions1 ( :i*1 by 8 fault1 he ha? be5 depriv$2 & z he ha? /riv5 aga9/ ! fir/ g5]al curse by ! inv5tion ( all o!r arts1 s ha? he /riv5 to come =? f ! second g5]al curse1 :i* 0 ! confusion ( tongues1 by ! art ( gramm>2 :]e( ! use 9 a "m tongue is small1 9 a =eign tongue m1 b mo/ 9 su* =eign tongues z h ceas$ to be vulg> tongues1 & are turn$ only to le>n$ tongues4--,see ,engli% ,j\rnal ( ,education1 ,vol4 viii1 p4 #ddd4 #bc ,x %\ld be1 to all liv+ creatures2 = ea* creature _h1 probably1 b "o "n4--,g4 ,br[n4 #bd ,"s rec5t ,g]man au?ors ( note suppose language to h sprung up among m5 ( itself1 l spontane\s combu/ion 9 oil$ cotton2 & seem to ?9k1 t p ( /rong feel+s & acute m9ds mu/ necess>ily or naturally utt] _! conceptions by words--& ev5 by words bo? spok5 & writt54 ,fr$]ick ,von ,s*legel1 admitt+ ! spontane\s orig9 ( language g5]ally1 & ref]r+ spee* to its orig9al s\rce--a deep feel+1 & a cle> discrim9at+ intellig5ce1 adds3 ,! olde/ sy/em ( writ+ develop$ itself at ! same "t1 & 9 ! same mann]1 z ! spok5 language2 n we>+ at fir/ ! symbolic =m1 :i* x subsequ5tly assum$ 9 compliance ) ! necessities ( a less civiliz$ p1 b compos$ ( c]ta9 signs1 :i*1 9 accordance ) ! simple/ elem5ts ( language1 actually convey$ ! s5tim5ts ( ! race ( m5 !n exi/+4--,mill+ton's ,translation ( ,s*legel's /hetic ,works1 p4 #dee4 #be ,mod]n ,europe owes a pr9cipal %>e ( its enlight5$ & moral /ate to ! re/oration ( le>n+3 ! advantages :i* h accru$ to hi/ory1 religion1 ! philosophy ( ! m9d1 & ! progress ( society2 ! b5efits :i* h result$ f ! models ( ,greek & ,roman ta/e--9 %ort1 all t a k ( ! progress & atta9m5ts ( man 9 pa/ ages c be/[ on ! pres5t1 has rea*$ x ?r\gh ! m$ium ( philology4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #cce4 #bf ,! idea ( ,god is a developm5t f )91 & a matt] ( fai?1 n an induction f )\t1 & a matt] ( pro(4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity has develop$ its correlative pr9ciples )9 u1 !n we f9d evid5ces ( its tru? ev]y:]e2 nature is full ( !m3 b we _c f9d !m be=e1 simply because we h no eye to f9d !m )4--,h4 ,n4 ,,hudson3 ,democratic ,review1 ,may1 #ahde4 #bg ,s f> z m9d1 s\l1 or _s1 is a subject ( natural sci5ce1 7"u :atev] "n17 x may ( c\rse be kn[n naturally4 ,to say to :at ext5t !ology may be consid]$ a natural sci5ce1 or h[ mu* k ( any k9d may h be5 op5$ to m5 o!rwise ?an by words1 is n n[ 9 po9t4 ,dr4 ,campbell says1 ,"u ! g5]al t]m physiology ,i also compreh5d natural !ology & psy*ology1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 h be5 mo/ unnaturally disjo9$ by philosoph]s4 ,_s1 :i* "h comprises only ! ,supreme ,be+ & ! human s\l1 is surely z mu* includ$ "u ! notion ( natural object z a body is1 & is kn[able to ! philosoph] purely 9 ! same way1 by obs]vation & exp]i5ce4--,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #ff4 ,x is q unnecess>y = ! tea*] ( languages to lead 8 pupils into any speculations on ?is subject4 ,x is equally =eign to ! hi/ory ( gramm> & to ! philosophy ( rhetoric4 #bh ,except ye utt] by ! tongue words easy to be und]/ood1 h[ %all x be kn[n :at is spok58 = ye %all speak into ! air4 ,!re are1 x may be1 s _m k9ds ( voices 9 ! _w1 & none ( !m is )\t signification4 ,!re=e1 if ,i "k n ! mean+ ( ! voice1 ,i %all be unto him t speake?1 a b>b>ian2 & he t speake?1 %all be a b>b>ian unto me4--#a ,cor41 xiv4 #i1 #aj1 #aa4 ,x is impossible t our k ( words %\ld out/rip our k ( ?+s4 ,x may1 & (t5 do?1 come %ort ( x4 ,words may be rememb]$ z s\nds1 b !y _c be und]/ood z signs1 :il/ we rema9 unacqua9t$ ) ! ?+s signifi$4--,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #afj4 ,words c excite only ideas already acquir$1 & if no previ\s ideas h be5 =m$1 !y are m]e unmean+ s\nds4--,spurzheim on ,education1 p4 #bjj4 #bi ,%]idan ! elecutioni/ makes ?is di/9ction3 ,all t passes 9 ! m9d ( man1 may be r$uc$ to two classes1 :i* ,i call ideas & emotions4 ,by ideas1 ,i mean all ?\ghts :i* rise1 & pass 9 succession 9 ! m9d4 ,by emotions1 all ex]tions ( ! m9d 9 arrang+1 comb9+1 & sep>at+ its ideas2 z well z ! effects produc$ on all ! m9d itself by ^? ideas2 f ! m viol5t agitation ( ! passions1 to ! calm] feel+s produc$ by ! op]ation ( ! intellect & ! fancy4 ,9 %ort1 ?\ght is ! object ( ! "o2 int]nal feel+1 ( ! o!r4 ,t :i* s]ves to express ! =m]1 ,i call ! language ( ideas2 & ! latt]1 ! language ( emotions4 ,words are ! signs ( ! "o3 tones1 ( ! o!r4 ,)\t ! use ( ^! two sorts ( language1 x is impossible to communicate ?r\gh ! e>1 all t passes 9 ! m9d ( man4--,%]idan's ,art ( ,read+2 ,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #ccc4 #cj ,language is ! great in/rum5t1 by :i* all ! faculties ( ! m9d are br\ght =w>d1 m\ld$1 poli%$1 & ex]t$4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 xiv4 #ca ,x %\ld be1 ,^! are4--,g4 ,b4 #cb ,x %\ld be1 ,!y fitly repres5t4--,g4 ,b4 #cc ,?is is badly express$2 =1 accord+ to 8 own d$uction1 ea* "p has b "o sign4 ,x %\ld be1 ,we express ! sev]al p>ts by z _m sev]al signs4--,g4 ,br[n4 #cd ,x w\ld be bett] ,engli% to say1 ! in/rum5ts & ! signs4--,g4 ,br[n4 #ce ,good speak]s d n pron\nce above ?ree syllables 9 a second ( "t2 & g5]ally only two & a half1 tak+ 9 ! necess>y pauses4--,/eele's ,melody ( ,spee*4 #cf ,! same idea is also convey$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,dr4 ,campbell3 ,:atev] reg>ds ! analysis ( ! op]ations ( ! m9d1 :i* is quick] ?an lightn+ 9 all h] en]gies1 mu/ 9 a great measure be ab/ruse & d>k4--,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #bhi4 ,yet ?is philosoph] has giv5 x z 8 op9ion1 t we really ?9k by signs z well z speak by !m4--,ib41 p4 #bhd4 ,to reconcile ^! two positions ) ea* o!r1 we mu/ suppose t ?9k+ by signs1 or words1 is a process inf9itely m rapid ?an spee*4 #cg ,t g5]alization or ab/raction :i* gives to simil> ?+s a common "n1 is c]ta9ly no labori\s ex]cise ( intellect2 nor does any m9d f9d difficulty 9 apply+ su* a "n to an individual by means ( ! article4 ,! g5]al s5se & ! p>ticul> are alike easy to ! und]/&+1 & ,i "k n :e!r x is wor? :ile to inquire :i* is fir/ 9 ord]4 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray says1 ,x mu/ be att5tively rememb]$1 t all t]ms run f a g5]al to a p>ticul> s5se4 ,! "w ( ab/raction1 ! asc5t f individual feel+s to classes ( ^!1 0 f9i%$ be=e t]ms 7 inv5t$4 ,man 0 sil5t till he _h =m$ "s ideas to communicate2 & association ( 8 p]ceptions soon l$ him to ?9k & reason 9 ord9>y matt]s4--,hi/4 ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #id4 ,&1 9 a note ^u ?is passage1 he adds3 ,?is is to be und]/ood ( primitive or radical t]ms4 ,by ! ass]tion t man 0 sil5t till he _h =m$ ideas to communicate1 is n meant1 t any ( our species 7 orig9ally de/itute ( ! natural expressions ( feel+ or ?\ght4 ,all t x implies1 is1 t man _h be5 subject$1 dur+ an unc]ta9 p]iod ( "t1 to ! impressions made on 8 s5ses by ! mat]ial _w1 be=e he began to express ! natural v>ieties ( ^! by articulat$ s\nds4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,?\gh ! ab/raction :i* =m$ su* classes1 might be greatly aid$ or support$ by ! signs2 yet x 7 absurd to suppose t ! sign 0 inv5t$1 till ! s5se dem&$ x4--,ib41 p4 #cii4 #ch ,dr4 ,alex&] ,murray too1 ,9 acc\nt+ = ! frequ5t abbreviation ( words1 seems to sugge/ ! possibility ( giv+ !m ! cel]ity ( ?\ght3 ,contraction is a *ange :i* results f a prop5sity to make ! signs z rapid z ! ?\ghts :i* !y express4 ,h>% comb9ations soon suff] contraction4 ,v long words pres]ve only ! pr9cipal1 t is1 ! acc5t$ "p4 ,if a nation acc5ts its words on ! la/ syllable1 ! prec$+ ones w (t5 be %ort1 & liable to contraction4 ,if x foll[ a contr>y practice1 ! t]m9ations are apt to decay4--,hi/ory ( ,european ,languages1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #agb4 #ci ,we _c =m a di/9ct idea ( any moral or intellectual quality1 unless we f9d "s trace ( x 9 ourselves4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 ,"p ,second1 ,natural ,!ology1 ,*ap4 ,,ii1 ,no4 #dbd4 #dj ,ari/otle tells u t ! _w is a copy or transcript ( ^? ideas :i* are 9 ! m9d ( ! fir/ ,be+1 & t ^? ideas :i* are 9 ! m9d ( man1 are a transcript ( ! _w4 ,to ?is we may add1 t words are ! transcripts ( ^? ideas :i* are 9 ! m9d ( man1 & t writ+ or pr9t+ are is ! transcript ( words4--,addison1 ,spect41 ,no4 #aff4 #da ,bol+broke on ,retirem5t & ,/udy1 ,lett]s on ,hi/ory1 p4 #cfd4 #db ,see ?is passage 9 ,! ,economy ( ,human ,life1 p4 #aje--;a "w feign$ to be a comp5d ( ,*9ese maxims1 b n[ g5]ally und]/ood to h be5 writt5 or compil$ by ,rob]t ,dodsley1 an em95t & +5i\s booksell] 9 ,london4 #dc ,^? philosoph]s ^: ideas ( be+ & k are d]iv$ f body & s5sation1 h a %ort me?od to expla9 ! nature ( ,tru?4--,x is a factiti\s ?+1 made by e man = himself2 :i* comes & goes1 j z x is rememb]$ & =got2 :i* 9 ! ord] ( ?+s makes its appe>ance ! la/ ( all1 be+ n only subsequ5t to s5sible objects1 b ev5 to our s5sations ( !m6 ,accord+ to ?is hypo!sis1 !re are _m tru?s1 :i* h be51 & are no long]2 o!rs1 t w be1 & h n be5 yet2 & multitudes1 t possibly may nev] exi/ at all4 ,b !re are o!r reason]s1 :o mu/ surely h _h v diff]5t notions2 ^?1 ,i mean1 :o repres5t ,tru? n z ! la/1 b z ! fir/ ( be+s2 :o call x immutable1 et]nal1 omnipres5t2 attributes t all indicate some?+ m ?an human4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #djc4 #dd ,( ! be/ me?od ( tea*+ gramm>1 ,i %all disc\rse 9 an o!r *apt]4 ,t me?ods radically diff]5t mu/ l5d to diff]5t results1 is no m ?an e intellig5t p]son w suppose4 ,! =mation ( j me?ods ( in/ruction1 or true sy/ems ( sci5ce1 is "w = ^? m9ds :i* are capable ( ! mo/ accurate & compreh5sive views ( ! ?+s to be taught4 ,he t is capable ( orig9at+ & produc+ tru?1 or true ideas1 if any b ! ,div9e ,be+ is s1 has surely no ne$ to be tra9$ into su* tru? by any factiti\s s*eme ( education4 ,9 all t he ?us orig9ates1 he is himself a ,novum ,organon ( k1 & capable ( tea*+ o!rs1 especially ^? (fici\s m5 :o w\ld help him ) _! second-h& au?or%ip1 & _! paltry cate*isms ( common-places4 ,i allude "h to ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( :at 9 "s books is call$ ,! ,productive ,sy/em ( ,in/ruction1 & to ^? s*emes ( gramm> :i* are pr(ess$ly f\nd$ on x4 ,we are told t1 ,! lead+ pr9ciple ( ?is sy/em1 is t :i* its "n indicates--t ! *ild %\ld be reg>d$ n z a m]e recipi5t ( ! ideas ( o!rs1 b z an ag5t capable ( collect+1 & orig9at+1 & produc+ mo/ ( ! ideas :i* are necess>y = its education1 :5 pres5t$ ) ! objects or ! facts f :i* !y may be d]iv$4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 #e3 ,am]4 ,j\rnal ( ,education1 ,new ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,no4 #f1 ,art4 #a4 ,x ought to be en\gh = any tea*]1 or = any writ]1 if he f9ds 8 read]s or 8 pupils ready recipi5ts ( ! ideas :i* he aims to convey4 ,:at m !y "k1 !y c nev] owe to him1 unless !y le>n x f him aga9/ 8 w2 & :at !y happ5 to lack1 ( und]/&+ or believ+ him1 may v possibly be m 8 fault ?an !irs4 #de ,l9dley ,murray1 anonym\sly copy+ somebody1 ,i "k n :om1 says3 ,words d]ive _! mean+ f ! cons5t & practice ( ^? :o use !m4 ,!re is no necess>y connexion betwe5 words & ideas4 ,! association betwe5 ! sign & ! ?+ signifi$1 is purely arbitr>y4--,octavo ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aci4 ,! second ass]tion "h made1 is v f> f be+ lit]ally true4 ,h[ev] arbitr>y may be ! use or application ( words1 _! connexion ) ideas is s necess>y1 t !y _c be words )\t x4 ,signification1 z ,i %all h]eaft] prove1 is a "p ( ! v ess5ce ( a ^w1 ! mo/ important elem5t ( its nature4 ,& ,murray himself says1 ,! und]/&+ & language h a /rict connexion4--,ib41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #cef4 ,9 ?is1 he *anges )\t am5dm5t ! words ( ,blair3 ,logic & rhetoric h "h1 z 9 _m o!r cases1 a /rict connexion4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #abj4 #df ,! language :i* is1 at pres5t1 spok5 ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita91 is nei!r ! anci5t primitive spee* ( ! isl&1 nor d]iv$ f x2 b is altoge!r ( =eign orig94 ,! language ( ! fir/ inhabitants ( our isl&1 beyond d\bt1 0 ! ,celtic1 or ,glic1 common to !m ) ,gaul2 f :i* c\ntry1 x appe>s1 by _m circum/ances1 t ,great ,brita9 0 peopl$4 ,?is ,celtic tongue1 :i* is said to be v expressive & copi\s1 & is1 probably1 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t languages 9 ! _w1 obta9$ once 9 mo/ ( ! we/]n regions ( ,europe4 ,x 0 ! language ( ,gaul1 ( ,great ,brita91 ( ,irel&1 & v probably1 ( ,spa9 also2 till1 9 ! c\rse ( ^? revolutions :i* by means ( ! conque/s1 fir/1 ( ! ,romans1 & aft]w>ds1 ( ! nor!rn nations1 *ang$ ! gov]nm5t1 spee*1 &1 9 a mann]1 ! :ole face ( ,europe1 ?is tongue 0 gradually oblit]at$2 & n[ subsi/s only 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,wales1 9 ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 & among ! wild ,iri%4 ,= ! ,iri%1 ! ,wel%1 & ! ,erse1 are no o!r ?an diff]5t dialects ( ! same tongue1 ! anci5t ,celtic4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 ,lect4 ,,ix1 p4 #he4 #dg ,) "s writ]s1 ! ,celtic language is ! ,wel%2 z may be se5 by ! foll[+ extract3 ,by ?is he requires an ,impossibility1 s9ce mu* ! great] ,"p ( ,mank9d c by no means sp>e #aj or #aa ,ye>s ( _! ,lives 9 le>n+ ^? dead ,languages1 to arrive at a p]fect ,k ( _! own4 ,b by ?is ,g5tleman's way ( ,argu+1 we ought n only to be ,ma/]s ( ,lat9 & ,greek1 b ( ,spani%1 ,italian1 ,high- ,dut*1 ,l[-,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ! ,old ,saxon1 ,wel%1 ,runic1 ,go?ic1 & ,isl&ic2 s9ce mu* ! great] numb] ( ,words ( common & g5]al ,use are d]iv$ f ^? ,tongues4 ,nay1 by ! same way ( ,reason+ we may prove1 t ! ,romans & ,greeks did n und]/& _! own ,tongues1 because !y 7 n acqua9t$ ) ! ,wel%1 or anci5t ,celtic1 !re be+ above #fbj radical ,greek ,words d]iv$ f ! ,celtic1 & ( ! ,lat9 a mu* great] ,numb]4--,preface to ,brightl&'s ,gramm>1 p4 #e4 #dh ,! au?or ( ?is specim51 ?r\gh a solemn & sublime poem 9 t5 books1 g5]ally simplifi$ ! pret]it v]b ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 by omitt+ ! t]m9ation / or e/1 :5ev] 8 measure did n require ! additional syllable4 ,b 8 tuneless editors h1 9 _m in/ances1 tak5 ! rude lib]ty bo? to spoil 8 v]sification1 & to publi% "u 8 "n :at he did n write4 ,!y h giv5 him bad prosody1 or unutt]able h>%ness ( phraseology1 = ! sake ( :at !y conceiv$ to be gramm>4 ,s ,kirkham1 9 copy+ ! =ego+ passage1 alt]s x z he w2 & alt]s x diff]5tly1 :5 he happ5s to write "s "p ( x twice3 z1 ,t morn+1 ?\1 t slumb]$/ n be=e1 ,nor slept1 great ,ocean6 laid/ ?y waves at re/1 ,& hu%$ ?y mighty m9/relsy4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #bjc4 ,aga93 ,t morn+1 ?\1 t slumb]$/ n be=e1 ,nor slept/1 great ,ocean1 laid/ ?y waves at re/1 ,& hu%'d/ ?y mighty m9/relsy4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #dd4 #di ,cam5es1 ! ,muses1 :om ,horace call$ ,camn4 ,! =m] is an ,engli% plural f ! latt]1 or f ! ,lat9 ^w cam5a1 a muse or song4 ,^! l9es are copi$ f ,dr4 ,johnson's ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,language2 _! or?ography is1 9 "s respects1 too mod]n = ! age to :i* !y are assign$4 #ej ,! ,saxon *>act]s be+ kn[n n[adays to b v few read]s1 ,i h ?\ght prop] to sub/itute = !m1 9 ! latt] specim5s ( ?is *apt]1 ! ,roman2 &1 z ! old use ( colons & p]iods = ! smalle/ pauses1 is liable to mislead a common obs]v]1 ! punctuation too has "h be5 mod]niz$4 #ea ,essay on ,language1 by ,william ,s4 ,c>dell1 ,new ,york1 #ahbe1 p4 #b4 ,?is writ] 0 a great admir] ( ,horne ,tooke1 f :om he borr[$ _m ( 8 notions ( gramm>1 b n ?is extravagance4 ,speak+ ( ! words "r & j1 ! latt] says1 ,!y are applicable only to man2 to :om alone language belongs1 & ( ^: s5sations only words are ! repres5tatives4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #i4 #eb ,,c>dell3 ,bo? ,gramm>s1 p4 #d4 #ec ,quoties dicimus1 toties de nobis judicatur4--,cic]o4 ,z (t5 z we speak1 s (t5 are we judg$4 #ed ,nor _h he f> to seek = ! s\rce ( our impropriety 9 ! use ( words1 :5 he %\ld reflect t ! /udy ( our own language1 has nev] be5 made a "p ( ! education ( our y\?4 ,consequ5tly1 ! use ( words is got :olly by *ance1 accord+ to ! company t we keep1 or ! books t we read4 ,,%]idan',s ,,elocution1 ,introd41 p4 viii1 dat$ ,july #aj1 #agfb1 #b;d ,am]4 ,ed4 #ee ,to ,write & ,speak correctly1 gives a ,grace1 & ga9s a fav\rable ,att5tion to :at "o has to say3 ,& s9ce 'tis ,engli%1 t an ,engli% ,g5tleman w h con/ant use (1 t is ! ,language he %\ld *iefly ,cultivate1 & :]e9 mo/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to poli% & p]fect 8 ,/ile4 ,to speak or write bett] ,lat9 ?an ,engli%1 may make a ,man be talk'd (1 b he w\ld f9d x m to 8 purpose to ,express himself well 9 8 own ,tongue1 t he uses e mom5t1 ?an to h ! va9 ,comm5dation ( o!rs = a v insignificant quality4 ,?is ,i f9d univ]sally neglect$1 & no c>e tak5 any :]e to improve ,"y ,m5 9 _! own ,language1 t !y may ?or\ghly und]/& & be ,ma/]s ( x4 ,if any "o among u h a facility or purity m ?an ord9>y 9 8 ,"m ,tongue1 x is ow+ to ,*ance1 or 8 ,g5ius1 or any ?+1 r ?an to 8 ,education or any c>e ( 8 ,tea*]4 ,to ,m9d :at ,engli% 8 ,pupil speaks or writes is bel[ ! ,dignity ( "o br$ up among/ ,greek & ,lat91 ?\gh he h b little ( !m himself4 ,^! are ! le>n$ ,languages fit only = le>n$ ,m5 to m$dle ) & tea*3 ,engli% is ! ,language ( ! illit]ate ,vulg>4--,locke1 on ,education1 p4 #cci2 ,f\r? ,ed41 ,london1 #afii4 #ef ,a late au?or1 9 apologiz+ = 8 *oice 9 publi%+ a gramm> )\t =ms ( praxis1 7t is1 )\t any provision = a /at$ application ( its pr9ciples by ! le>n]17 describes ! :ole bus9ess ( ,p>s+ z a dry & un9t]e/+ recapitulation ( ! disposal ( a few p>ts ( spee*1 & _! (t5 times told positions & influ5ce2 urges ! unimportance ( p>s+1 g5]ally2 & repres5ts x to be only a f9ical & o/5tati\s p>ade ( practical p$antry4--,wright's ,philosophical ,gram41 pp4 #bbd & #bbf4 ,x w\ld be no great mi/ake to imag9e1 t ?is g5tleman's sy/em ( gramm>1 appli$ 9 any way to practice1 c\ld n fail to come "u ?is unflatt]+ description2 b1 to ent]ta9 ?is notion ( p>s+ 9 g5]al1 is z great an error1 z t :i* "s writ]s h adopt$ on ! o!r h&1 ( mak+ ?is ex]cise _! sole process ( inculcation1 & suppos+ x may pr(itably sup]s$e bo? ! usual arrangem5t ( ! pr9ciples ( gramm> & ! practice ( expla9+ !m by def9itions4 ,x is ass]t$ 9 ,p>khur/'s ,engli% ,gramm> = ,beg9n]s1 on ! ,inductive ,me?od ( ,in/ruction1 t1 to tea* ! *ild a def9ition at ! outset1 is beg9n+ at ! wrong end2 t1 ) respect to all t goes "u ! "n ( etymology 9 gramm>1 x is le>n$ *iefly by practice 9 p>s+1 & sc>cely at all by ! aid ( def9itions4-- ,preface1 pp4 #e & #f4 #eg ,hesitation 9 spee* may arise f v diff]5t causes4 ,if we d n consid] ?is1 our ef=ts to remove x may make x worse4 ,9 mo/ in/ances1 h[ev]1 x may be ov]come by prop] treatm5t1 ,/amm]+1 says a late au?or1 is occasion$ by an ov]-ef=t to articulate2 = :5 ! m9d ( ! speak] is s occupi$ ) 8 subject z n to all[ him to reflect ^u 8 defect1 he w talk )\t difficulty4 ,all /amm]]s c s+1 ow+ to ! cont9u\s s\nd1 & ! slight mann] 9 :i* ! consonants are t\*$ 9 s++2 s a drunk5 man c run1 ?\gh he _c walk or /& /ill4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #cj4 ,to ?9k rightly1 is ( k2 to speak flu5tly1 is ( nature2 ,to read ) pr(it1 is ( c>e2 b to write aptly1 is ( practice4 ,book ( ,?\ghts1 p4 #adj4 #eh ,!re is no?+ m becom+ to a ,g5tleman1 or m useful 9 all ! occurr5ces ( life1 ?an to be able1 on any occasion1 to speak well1 & to ! purpose4--,locke1 on ,education1 #aga4 ,b yet1 ,i ?9k ,i may ask my read]1 :e!r he do? n "k a great _m1 :o live ^u _! e/ates1 & s1 ) ! "n1 %\ld h ! qualities ( ,g5tlem51 :o _c s mu* z tell a /ory z !y %\ld2 mu* less speak cle>ly & p]suasively 9 any bus9ess4 ,?is ,i ?9k n to be s mu* _! fault1 z ! fault ( _! education4--,!y h be5 taught ,rhetoric1 b yet nev] taught h[ to express !mselves h&somely ) _! tongues or p5s 9 ! language !y are always to use2 z if ! names ( ! figures t embelli% ! disc\rses ( ^? :o und]/ood ! art ( speak+1 7 ! v art & skill ( speak+ well4 ,?is1 z all o!r ?+s ( practice1 is to be le>n$1 n by a few1 or a great _m rules giv52 b by ,,ex]cise & ,,application accord+ to ,,good ,,rules1 or r ,,patt]ns1 till habits are got1 & a facility ( do+ x well4--,ib41 #ahi4 ,! =ms ( p>s+ & correct+ :i* ! foll[+ "w supplies1 are patt]ns1 = ! p]=mance ( ^! practical ex]cises2 & su* patt]ns z ought to be implicitly foll[$1 by e "o :o means to be a ready & correct speak] on ^! subjects4 #ei ,! pr9cipal claimants ( ! ,inductive ,me?od ( ,gramm>1 are ,ri*>d ,w4 ,gre51 ,roswell ,c4 ,smi?1 ,john ,l4 ,p>khur/1 ,dyor ,h4 ,sanborn1 ,brad=d ,frazee1 &1 ,solomon ,b>rett1 ,jr42 a set ( writ]s1 diff]+ inde$ 9 _! qualifications1 b 9 g5]al n a little defici5t 9 :at con/itutes an accurate gramm>ian4 #fj ,william ,c4 ,woodbridge edit$ ! ,j\rnal1 & probably wrote ! article1 f :i* ! au?or ( ,engli% ,gramm> on ! ,productive ,sy/em took 8 ,preface4 #fa ,_m o!r gramm>s1 lat] ?an ,murray's1 h be5 publi%$1 "s 9 ,engl&1 "s 9 ,am]ica1 & "s 9 bo? c\ntries2 & among ^! !re are1 ,i ?9k1 a few 9 :i* a little improvem5t has be5 made1 9 ! me?ods prescrib$ = ! ex]cises ( p>s+ & correct+4 ,9 mo/1 h[ev]1 no?+ ( ! k9d has be5 attempt$4 ,&1 ( ! =mul>ies :i* h be5 giv51 ! be/ t ,i h se51 are /ill mis]ably defective1 & wor?y ( all ! c5sure t is express$ 9 ! p>agraph above2 :ile o!rs1 t appe> 9 works n entirely de/itute ( m]it1 are absolutely mu* worse ?an ,murray's1 & wor?y to condemn to a spe$y oblivion ! books 9 :i* !y are pr9t$4 ,9 lieu ( =ms ( expression1 cle>1 ord]ly1 accurate1 & full2 su* z a "y p>s] might pr(itably imitate2 su* z an exp]i5c$ "o w\ld be sure to approve2 :at h we8 ,a *aos ( half-=m$ s5t5ces1 = ! ignorant pupil to fl\nd] 92 an inf9ite abyss ( blund]s1 :i* a _w ( criticism c\ld n fully expose6 ,see1 = example1 ! sev5 pages ( p>s+1 9 ! neat little book entitl$1 ,a ,practical ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 by ! ,rev4 ,david ,blair3 ,sev5? ,edition3 ,london1 #ahae3 pp4 #di to #eg4 ,i _c cons5t to quote m ?an "o %ort p>agraph ( ! mis]able jumble :i* ^! pages conta94 ,yet ! au?or is evid5tly a man ( le>n+1 & capable ( writ+ well on "s subjects1 if n on ?is4 ,bless ! ,"l1 ,o my s\l6 ,=m3 ,bless1 a v]b1 7repeat #ig72 active 7repeat #ii72 active voice 7#ajb72 inf9itive mood 7#ajg72 ?ird p]son1 s\l be+ ! nom9ative 7#aah72 pres5t t5se 7#aaa72 conjugate ! v]b aft] ! patt]n 7#abi72 its object is ,"l 7#ii74--;,blair's ,gram41 p4 #ej4 ,( ! p>agraphs ref]r$ to1 ,i mu/ take "s notice3 #ajg4 ,! imp]ative mood comm&s or ord]s or intreats4--,ib41 p4 #ai4 #aah4 ,! second p]son is always ! pron\n ?\ or y 9 ! s+ul>1 & ye or y 9 ! plural4--,ib41 p4 #ba4 #aaa4 ,! imp]ative mood has no di/9ction ( t5se3 & ! inf9itive has no di/9ction ( p]sons4--,ib41 p4 #bj4 ,n[ ! au?or %\ld h said3 ,bless is a r$undant active-transitive v]b1 f bless1 bless$ or ble/1 bless+1 bless$ or ble/2 f\nd 9 ! imp]ative mood1 pres5t t5se1 second p]son1 & s+ul> numb]3 &1 if he meant to p>se ! ^w syntactically1 he %\ld h add$3 & agrees ) its nom9ative ?\ und]/ood2 accord+ to ! rule :i* says1 ',e f9ite v]b mu/ agree ) its subject or nom9ative1 9 p]son & numb]4' ,because ! mean+ is--,bless ?\ ! ,"l4 ,?is is ! :ole /ory4 ,b1 9 ! =m above1 sev]al ?+s are false2 _m1 sup]flu\s2 "s1 defici5t2 sev]al1 misplac$2 no?+1 "r4 ,n mu* bett] are ! models furni%$ by ,kirkham1 ,smi?1 ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 & o!r late au?ors4 #fb ,( ,dr4 ,bullions's =ms ( p>s+1 z exhibit$ 9 8 ,engli% ,gramm>1 :i* is a modification ( ,l5nie's ,gramm>1 x is difficult to say1 :e!r !y are mo/ rem>kable = _! defici5cies1 _! r$undancies1 or _! contr>iety to o!r tea*+s ( ! same au?or or au?ors4 ,bo? ,l5nie & ,bullions adopt ! rule1 t1 ,an ellipsis is n all[able :5 x w\ld obscure ! s5t5ce1 weak5 its =ce1 or be att5d$ ) an impropriety4--,l41 p4 #ia2 ,b41 p4 #acj4 ,& ! latt] /r5g!ns ?is doctr9e ) sev]al additional obs]vations1 ! fir/ ( :i* reads ?us3 ,9 g5]al1 no ^w %\ld be omitt$ t is necess>y to ! full & correct con/ruction1 or ev5 h>mony ( a s5t5ce4--,bullions1 ,e4 ,gr41 #acj4 ,n[ ! p>s+ above allud$ to1 has be5 ?\ght p>ticul>ly comm5dable = its brevity--a quality c]ta9ly desirable1 s f> z x consi/s ) ! end ( p>s+1 or ) ! m ne$ful prop]ties ( a good /yle1 cle>ness1 accuracy1 ease1 & elegance4 ,b1 if ! =ego+ rule & obs]vation are true1 ! models furni%$ by ^! writ]s are n comm5dably brief1 b mis]ably defective4 ,_! brevity is1 9 fact1 su* z r5d]s !m all bad ,engli%2 & n only s1 x makes !m obvi\sly inadequate to _! purpose1 z br++ into use b a "p ( ! pr9ciples :i* ! le>n] _h /udi$4 ,x consi/s only 9 ! omission ( :at ought to h be5 ins]t$4 ,= example1 ?is %ort l9e1 ,i lean ^u ! ,"l1 is p>s$ by bo? ( ^! g5tlem5 ?us3 ,i1 ! fir/ p]sonal pron\n1 mascul9e1 or fem99e1 s+ul>1 ! nom9ative--lean1 a v]b1 neut]1 fir/ p]son s+ul>1 pres5t1 indicative--^u1 a preposition--!1 an article1 ! def9ite--,"l1 a n\n1 mascul9e1 s+ul>1 ! objective1 7gov]n$ by ^u47--,l5nie's ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ea2 ,bullions's1 #gd4 ,?is is a little sample ( _! etymological p>s+1 9 :i* ex]cise !y g5]ally omit n only all ! def9itions or reasons ( ! v>i\s t]ms appli$1 b also all ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 fir/1 ! v]b is1 & c]ta9 def9itives & connectives1 :i* are necess>y to ! full & correct con/ruction ( _! s5t5ces2 secondly1 ! di/9ction ( n\ns z prop] or common2 ?irdly1 ! p]son ( n\ns1 fir/1 second1 or ?ird2 f\r?ly1 ! words1 numb]1 g5d]1 & case1 :i* are necess>y to ! s5se & con/ruction ( c]ta9 words us$2 fif?ly1 ! di/9ction ( adjectives z belong+ to diff]5t classes2 six?ly1 ! division ( v]bs z be+ regul> or irregul>1 r$undant or defective2 sev5?ly1 sometimes1 7,l5nie except$17 ! division ( v]bs z active1 passive1 or neut]2 eigh?ly1 ! words mood & t5se1 :i* ,bullions1 on page #aca1 pron\nces q unnecess>y1 & ins]ts 9 8 own =mule on page #acb2 n9?ly1 ! di/9ction ( adv]bs z express+ "t1 place1 degree1 or mann]2 t5?ly1 ! di/9ction ( conjunctions z copulative or disjunctive2 la/ly1 ! di/9ction ( int]jections z indicat+ diff]5t emotions4 ,all ^! ?+s does _! complete/ specim5 ( etymological p>s+ lack1 :ile x is grossly encumb]$ ) p>5!ses ( syntax1 :i* mu/ be omitt$ till ! pupil get ! rules ( syntax4--,l5nie1 p4 #ea4 ,x is also vitiat$ ) sev]al absurdities1 contradictions1 & improp] *anges ( expression3 z1 ,81 ! ?ird p]sonal pron\n2 7,b41 p4 #bc27--me1 ! fir/ p]sonal pron\n2 7,id41 #gd27--;,a1 ,! indef9ite article2 7,id41 #gc27--;a1 an article1 ! indef9ite2 7,id41 #gd27--,:5 ! v]b is passive1 p>se ?us3 ',a v]b active1 9 ! passive voice1 regul>1 irregul>1' c4--,bullions1 p4 #aca4 ,9 /ead ( tea*+ suffici5tly1 z elem5ts ( etymological p>s+1 ! def9itions :i* belong to ?is ex]cise1 & !n dismiss+ !m = ! pr9ciples ( syntax1 ,dr4 ,bullions encumb]s 8 me?od ( syntactical p>s+ ) su* a s]ies ( etymological que/ions & answ]s z _c b make x "o ( ! sl[e/1 longe/1 & mo/ tiresome ev] inv5t$4 ,he ?9ks t ! pupil1 aft] p>s+ any ^w syntactically1 %\ld be reque/$ to assign a reason = e ?+ conta9$ 9 8 /atem5t6--,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gramm>1 p4 #aca4 ,& ! tea*] is to ask que/ions z num]\s z ! reasons6 ,su* is ! p>s+ ( a text-book :i* has be5 pron\nc$ sup]ior to any o!r1 = use 9 our common s*ools--a complete gramm> ( ! language1 & available = e purpose = :i* ,mr4 ,br[n's c possibly be us$4--,ralph ,k4 ,f9*'s ,report1 p1 #ab4 #fc ,!re are _m o!r critics1 besides ,murray & ,alg]1 :o seem n to h obs]v$ ! import ( aft] & be=e 9 connexion ) ! t5ses4 ,dr4 ,bullions1 on page #aci? ( 8 ,engli% ,gramm>1 copi$ ! =ego+ example f ,l5nie1 :o took x f ,murray4 ,ev5 ,ri*>d ,hiley1 & ,william ,h>vey ,wells1 gramm>ians ( m ?an ord9>y tact1 h be5 obvi\sly misl$ by ! false criticism above cit$4 ,"o ( ,hiley's ,rules ( ,syntax1 ) its illu/ration1 /&s ?us3 ,9 ! use ( ! diff]5t t5ses1 we mu/ p>ticul>ly obs]ve to use t t5se :i* cle>ly & prop]ly conveys ! s5se int5d$2 ?us1 in/ead ( say+1 ',aft] ,i visit$ ,europe1 ,i return$ to ,am]ica2' we %\ld say1 ',aft] ,i _h visit$ ,europe1 ,i return$ to ,am]ica4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,^u ?is he ?\ght x ne$ful to comm5t ?us3 ',aft] ,i visit$ ,europe1 ,i return$ to ,am]ica2' ?is s5t5ce is incorrect2 visit$ ought to be _h visit$1 because ! action impli$ by ! v]b visit$ ,,0 ,,complet$ be=e ! o!r pa/ action return$4--,ib41 p4 #ia4 ,see ne>ly ! same ?+ 9 ,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>1 #a/ ,edition1 p4 #aea2 b 8 lat] editions are wisely alt]$4 ,s9ce visit$ & 0 complet$ are ( ! same t5se1 ! argum5t f ! latt]1 if x proves any ?+1 proves ! =m] to be "r1 & ! propos$ *ange ne$less1 or p]haps worse ?an ne$less4 ,i visit$ ,europe be=e ,i return$ to ,am]ica1 or1 ,i visit$ ,europe1 & aft]w>ds return$ to ,am]ica1 is good ,engli%1 & n to be improv$ by any *ange ( t5se2 yet "h too we see ! visit+ 0 complet$ be=e ! return1 or ,,_h ,,be5 ,,complet$ at ! "t ( ! return4 ,i say1 ,! ,plup]fect ,t5se is t :i* expresses :at _h tak5 place at "s pa/ "t m5tion$3 z1 ',i _h se5 him1 :5 ,i met y4' ,murray says1 ,! ,plup]fect ,t5se repres5ts a ?+ n only z pa/1 b also z prior to "s o!r po9t ( "t specifi$ 9 ! s5t5ce3 z1 ,i _h f9i%$ my lett] be=e he arriv$4 ,hiley says1 ,! ,pa/-,p]fect expresses an action or ev5t :i* 0 pa/ be=e "s o!r pa/ action or ev5t m5tion$ 9 ! s5t5ce1 & to :i* x ref]s2 z1 ,i _h f9i%$ my lessons be=e he came4 ,) ?is1 ,wells appe>s to concur1 8 example be+ simil>4 ,x seems to me1 t ^! la/ two def9itions1 & _! example too1 are bad2 because by ! help ( be=e or aft]1 ! pa/ be=e ! pa/ may be cle>ly express$ by ! simple pa/ t5se3 z1 ,i f9i%$ my lett] be=e he arriv$4--,i f9i%$ my lessons be=e he came4 ,he arriv$ soon aft] ,i f9i%$ ! lett]4--,soon aft] x 0 complet$1 he came 94 #fd ,samuel ,kirkham1 ^: gramm> is briefly describ$ 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( ?is introduction1 boldly lays ! blame ( all 8 philological faults1 ^u our noble language itself2 & ev5 conceives1 t a well-writt5 & faultless gramm> _c be a good "o1 because x w n accord ) t reasonless jumble :i* he takes e exi/+ language to be6 ,h[ dilig5tly he lab\r$ to p]fect 8 "w1 & ) :at zeal = tru? & accuracy1 may be guess$ f ! foll[+ citation3 ,! tru? is1 aft] all :i* c be done to r5d] ! def9itions & rules ( gramm> compreh5sive & accurate1 !y w /ill be f\nd1 :5 critically exam9$ by m5 ( le>n+ & sci5ce1 m or less exceptionable4 ,^! exceptions & imp]fections are ! unavoidable consequ5ce ( ! imp]fections ( ! language4 ,language z well z e ?+ else ( human inv5tion1 w always be imp]fect4 ,consequ5tly1 a p]fect sy/em ( grammatical pr9ciples1 w\ld n suit x4 ,a p]fect gramm> w n be produc$1 until "s p]fect be+ writes x = a p]fect language2 & a p]fect language w n be con/ruct$1 until "s sup]-human ag5cy is employ$ 9 its production4 ,all grammatical pr9ciples & sy/ems :i* are n p]fect are exceptionable4--,kirkham's ,gramm>1 p4 #ff4 ,! unplausible sophi/ry ( ^! /range rem>ks1 & ! palliation !y af=d to ! multitud9\s defects ( ! book :i* conta9s !m1 may be left1 )\t fur!r comm5t1 to ! judgem5t ( ! read]4 #fe ,! phrase complex ideas1 or comp\nd ideas1 has be5 us$ = ! notions :i* we h ( ?+s consi/+ ( diff]5t p>ts1 or hav+ v>i\s prop]ties1 s z to embrace "s sort ( plurality3 ?us our ideas ( all bodies & classes ( ?+s are said to be complex or comp\nd4 ,simple ideas are ^? 9 :i* ! m9d discov]s no p>ts or plurality3 su* are ! ideas ( heat1 cold1 blu5ess1 r$ness1 pleasure1 pa91 volition1 c4 ,b "s writ]s h cont5d$1 t ! composition ( ideas is a fiction2 & t all ! complexity1 9 any case1 consi/s only 9 ! use ( a g5]al t]m 9 lieu ( _m p>ticul> ones4 ,locke is on "o side ( ?is debate1 ,horne ,tooke1 on ! o!r4 #ff ,dilwor? appe>s to h _h a true idea ( ! ?+1 b he does n express x z a def9ition2 ,q4 ,is an ,unit ( "o1 a ,numb]8 ,a4 ,an ,unit is a numb]1 because x may prop]ly answ] ! "q h[ _m6--,s*oolma/]'s ,assi/ant1 p4 #b4 ,a numb] 9 ari?metic1 & a numb] 9 gramm>1 are totally diff]5t ?+s4 ,! plural numb]1 z m5 or horses1 does n tell h[ _m2 nor does ! ^w s+ul> mean "o1 z ! au?or ( a rec5t gramm> says x does4 ,! plural numb] is "o numb]1 b x is n ! s+ul>4 ,! ,productive ,sy/em tea*es ?us3 ,:at does ! ^w s+ul> mean8 ,x means "o4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #g4 #fg ,x is truly a/oni%+ t s great a majority ( our gramm>ians c\ld h be5 s bl9dly misl$1 z !y h be51 9 ?is matt]2 & ! m s1 because a v good def9ition ( a ,lett] 0 bo? publi%$ & republi%$1 ab\t ! "t at :i* ,l[?'s fir/ appe>$3 viz41 ,:at is a lett]8 ,a ,lett] is ! ,sign1 ,m>k1 or ,"* ( a simple or uncomp\nd$ ,s\nd4 ,are ,lett]s ,s\nds8 ,no4 ,lett]s are only ! ,signs or ,symbols ( ,s\nds1 n ! ,s\nds !mselves4--,! ,briti% ,gramm>1 p4 #c4 ,see ! v same words on ! second page ( ,bu*anan's ,engli% ,syntax1 a "w :i* 0 publi%$ z e>ly z #agfg4 #fh ,9 ,murray's octavo ,gramm>1 ?is ^w is ! 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 & _! 9 ! second2 9 ! duodecimo1 x is _! 9 bo? places4 #fi ,! def9itions & ! rules ?r\gh\t ! ,gramm>1 are express$ ) neatness & p]spicuity4 ,!y are z %ort & compreh5sive z ! nature ( ! subject w\ld admit3 & !y are well adapt$ bo? to ! und]/&+ & ! memory ( "y p]sons4--,life ( ,l4 ,murray1 p4 #bde4 ,x may truly be said t ! language 9 e "p ( ! "w1 is simple1 correct1 & p]spicu\s4--,ib41 p4 #bdf4 #gj ,= ?is def9ition1 see ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #dj2 ,duodecimo1 #da2 ,small] ,gram41 #ah2 ,alg]'s1 #ah2 ,bacon's1 #ae2 ,fro/'s1 #h1 ,+]soll's1 #ag2 ,a ,tea*]'s1 #h2 ,maltby's1 #ad2 ,t4 ,h4 ,mill]'s1 #bj2 ,pond's1 #ah2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #ae2 ,russell's1 #aa2 ,m]*ant's ,murray1 #be2 & ,worce/]'s ,univ4 & ,crit4 ,diction>y4 ,_m o!r gramm>ians h attempt$ to def9e numb]2 ) :at success a few examples w %[3 7#a47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( "o f _m4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #dj2 ,m]*ant's ,s*ool ,gram41 #bh2 ,gre5leaf's1 #bb2 ,nutt+'s1 #ag2 ,picket's1 #ai2 ,d4 ,adams's1 #ca4 7#b47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( "o f m4--,fi%]'s ,gram41 #ea2 ,ald5's1 #g4 7#c47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( "o f sev]al or _m4--,co>'s ,gram41 p4 #bd4 7#d47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( "o f m ?an "o4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bd2 ,j4 ,fl9t's1 #bg2 ,wells's1 #eb4 7#e47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( "o f m ?an "o1 or _m4--,grant's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #g4 7#f47 ,:at is numb]8 ,numb] is ! ,di/9ction ( "o1 f two1 or _m4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #hi2 ,bu*anan's1 #af4 7#g47 ,y inquire1 ',:at is numb]8' ,m]ely ?is3 ! di/9ction ( "o f two1 or _m4 ,greek sub/antives h ?ree numb]s4--,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,all ^! au?ors say1 t1 9 ,engli%1 !re are two numb]s1 ! s+ul> & ! plural4 ,accord+ to _! explanations1 !n1 we h two di/9ctions ( "o f two1 sev]al1 m1 or _m2 & ! ,greeks1 by add+ a dual numb]1 h ?ree6 ,:i*1 !n1 ( ! two or ?ree modifications or =ms1 d !y mean1 :5 !y say1 ,numb] is ! di/9ction c48 ,or1 if none ( !m1 :at else is meant8 ,all ^! def9itions _h _! orig9 9 an old ,lat9 "o1 :i*1 al?\gh x is some:at bett]1 makes d\btful logic 9 its application3 ,,num]us e/1 unius et multorum di/9ctio4 ,num]i igitur sunt duo2 ,s+ul>is et ,pluralis4-- ,ruddiman's ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,?is means3 7#h47 ,numb] is a di/9ction ( "o & _m4 ,! numb]s !re=e are two2 ! ,s+ul> & ! ,plural4 ,b we h yet o!r examples3 z1 7#i47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( objects1 z "o or m4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,! di/9ction ( objects z "o1 is v mu* l ! consid]ation ( an object z m ?an "o4 7#aj47 ,numb] di/+ui%es objects z "o or m4--,coop]'s ,murray1 p4 #ba2 ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ah4 ,t is1 numb] makes ! plural to be ei!r plural or s+ul> = di/9ction's sake6 7#aa47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( n\ns ) reg>d to ! objects signifi$1 z "o or m4--,fisk's ,murray1 p4 #ai4 ,"h1 too1 numb] has reg>d to ! same confusion3 :ile1 by a gross error1 its di/9ction is conf9$ to n\ns only6 7#ab47 ,numb] is t prop]ty ( a n\n by :i* x expresses "o or m ?an "o4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ab2 ,analyt4 ,gram41 #be4 ,"h aga9 numb] is improp]ly limit$ to a n\n2 & is said to be "o sign ( two1 or ei!r ( two1 incompatible ideas6 7#ac47 ,numb] %[s h[ _m are meant1 :e!r "o or m4--,smi?'s new ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,?is is n a def9ition1 b a false ass]tion1 9 :i* ,smi? aga9 conf\nds ari?metic ) gramm>6 ,:eat & oats are ( diff]5t numb]s2 b nei!r ( ^! numb]s means a sum t may be c\nt$1 or really %[s h[ _m are meant4 ,s ( ,man 9 g5]al1 ,horses 9 g5]al1 c4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #gg4 7#ad47 ,numb] is ! diff]5ce 9 a n\n or pron\n1 to d5ote ei!r a s+le ?+ or m ?an "o4--,dav5port's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,?is excludes ! numb]s ( a v]b1 & makes ! s+ul> & ! plural to be ess5tially "o ?+4 7#ae47 ,numb] is a modification ( n\ns & v]bs1 c4 accord+ z ! ?+ spok5 ( is repres5t$1 z1 "o or m1 ) reg>d to numb]4--,burn's ,gram41 p4 #cb4 ,?is also has _m faults1 :i* ,i leave to ! disc]nm5t ( ! read]4 7#af47 ,:at is numb]8 ,numb] %[s ! di/9ction ( "o f _m4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #f4 ,?is is no answ] to ! "q ask$2 besides1 x is obvi\sly worse ?an ! fir/ =m1 :i* has is1 = %[s4 7#ag47 ,:at is ,numb]8 ,x is ! repres5tation ( objects ) respect to s+l5ess1 or plurality4 --,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #cd4 ,if !re are two numb]s1 !y are nei!r ( !m prop]ly describ$ 9 ?is def9ition1 or 9 any ( ! prec$+ ones4 ,!re is a gross misconception1 9 tak+ ea* or ei!r ( !m to be an alt]nate repres5tation ( two incompatible ideas4 ,& ?is sort ( error is f> f be+ conf9$ to ! pres5t subject2 x runs ?r\gh a va/ numb] ( ! v>i\s def9itions conta9$ 9 our gramm>s4 7#ah47 ,numb] is ! inflection ( a n\n1 to indicate "o object or m ?an "o4 ,or1 ,numb] is ! expression ( unity or ( m ?an unity4--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,h[ h>d ?is au?or lab\r$ to ?9k :at numb] is1 & c\ld n6 7#ai47 ,numb] is ! di/9ction ( unity & plurality4--,h>t's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #dj1 ,:y say1 di/9ction2 ! numb]s1 or di/9ctions1 be+ two8 7#bj47 ,numb] is ! capacity ( n\ns to repres5t ei!r "o or m ?an "o object4--,b>rett's ,revis$ ,gram41 p4 #dj4 7#ba47 ,numb] is a prop]ty ( ! n\n :i* d5otes "o or m ?an "o4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ee4 7#bb47 ,numb] is a prop]ty ( ! n\n or pron\n 1 by :i* x d5otes "o1 or m ?an "o4--,weld's ,gram41 ,abridg$ ,ed41 p4 #di4 7#bc47 ,numb] is ! prop]ty t di/+ui%es "o f m ?an "o4--,weld's ,gram41 ,improv$ ,ed41 p4 #fj4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 excludes ! plural4 7#bd47 ,numb] is a modification ( n\ns to d5ote :e!r "o object is meant1 or m ?an "o4--,butl]'s ,gram41 p4 #ai4 7#be47 ,numb] is t modification ( ! ,n\n :i* di/+ui%es "o f m ?an "o4--,sp5c]'s ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,n[1 x is pla91 t n "o ( ^! tw5ty-five def9itions comports ) ! idea t ! s+ul> is "o numb] & ! plural an o!r6 ,n "o ( !m exhibits any tol]able approa* to accuracy1 ei!r ( ?\ght or ( expression6 ,_m ( ! gramm>ians h n attempt$ any def9ition ( numb]1 or ( ! numb]s1 ?\gh !y speak ( bo? ! s+ul> & ! plural1 & p]haps sometimes apply ! t]m numb] to ! di/9ction :i* is 9 ea*3 = x is ! prop]ty ( ! s+ul> numb]1 to di/+ui% unity f plurality3 & ( ! plural1 to di/+ui% plurality f unity4 ,among ! au?ors :o are ?us sil5t1 are ,lily1 ,colet1 ,brightl&1 ,h>ris1 ,l[?1 ,a%1 ,prie/ly1 ,bicknell1 ,adam1 ,g\ld1 ,h>rison1 ,comly1 ,jaudon1 ,web/]1 ,webb]1 ,*ur*ill1 ,/ani=d1 ,l5nie1 ,dalton1 ,blair1 ,cobbett1 ,cobb1 ,a4 ,fl9t1 ,fel*1 ,guy1 ,hall1 & ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k4 ,adam & ,g\ld1 h[ev]1 9 expla9+ ! prop]ties ( v]bs1 say3 ,numb] m>ks h[ _m we suppose to be1 to act1 or to suff]4--,a41 #hj2 ,g41 #gh4 #ga ,^! are ! p>ts ( spee* 9 "s late gramm>s2 z1 ,b>rett's1 ( #ahed1 ,butl]'s1 ,covell's1 ,day's1 ,frazee's1 ,f[le's ,new1 ,spe>'s1 ,weld's1 ,wells's1 & ! ,well-wi%]s'4 ,9 ,fro/'s ,practical ,gramm>1 ! words ( ! language are said to be divid$ into eight classes1 & ! names are giv5 ?us3 ,n\n1 ,article1 ,pron\n1 ,v]b1 ,adv]b1 ,preposition1 ,conjunction1 & ,int]jection4--,p4 #bi4 ,b ! au?or aft]w>ds treats ( ! ,adjective1 betwe5 ! ,article & ! ,pron\n1 j z if he _h =gott5 to "n x1 & c\ld n c\nt n9e ) accuracy6 ,9 ,p]ley's ,gramm>1 ! p>ts ( spee* are a diff]5t eight3 namely1 ,n\ns1 ,adjectives1 ,v]bs1 ,adv]bs1 ,prepositions1 ,conjunctions1 ,int]jections1 & ,p>ticles6--,p4 #h4 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k has ,prie/ley's classes1 b calls ,int]jections ,exclamations4 #gb ,felton1 :o is confess$ly a modifi] ( ,murray1 claims z a m]it1 ! rejection ( sev]al useless p>ts ( spee* yet ackn[l$ges n9e1 & treats ( t52 viz41 ,n\ns1 ,pron\ns1 ,v]bs1 ,p>ticiples1 ,prepositions1 ,adjectives1 ,articles1 ,adv]bs1 ,conjunctions1 ,exclamations4--,o4 ,c4 ,felton's ,gram4 p4 #e1 & p4 #i4 #gc ,qu9tilian is at fault "h2 =1 9 "s ( 8 writ+s1 if n g5]ally1 ,ari/otle recogniz$ f\r p>ts ( spee*2 namely1 v]bs1 n\ns1 conjunctions1 & articles4 ,see ,ari/ot4 de ,poetica1 ,cap4 xx4 #gd ,z !re are t5 diff]5t *>act]s or figures 9 ari?metic to repres5t all possible quantities1 !re are also t5 k9ds ( words or p>ts ( spee* to repres5t all possible s5t5ces3 viz43 article1 n\n1 adjective1 pron\n1 v]b1 p>ticiple1 adv]b1 preposition1 conjunction1 int]jection4--,*auvi]'s ,punctuation1 p4 #ajd4 #ge ,! ,fri5d1 #ahbi1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aag4 #gf ,! ,fri5d1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aje4 #gg ,see ! ,preface to my ,comp5di\s ,engli% ,gramm> 9 ! ,am]ican editions ( ! ,treasury ( ,k1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #h4 #gh ,"s say t ,brightl& himself 0 ! writ] ( ?is gramm>2 b to suppose him ! sole au?or1 h>dly comports ) its d$ication to ! ,que51 by h] mo/ ,ob$i5t & ,dutiful ,subjects1 ! ,au?ors2 or ) ! mann] 9 :i* ^! are spok5 (1 9 ! foll[+ l9es1 by ! laureate3 ,!n say :at ,?anks1 :at ,praises mu/ att5d ,! ,g5'r\s ,wits1 :o ?us c\ld condesc5d6 ,skill1 t to ,art's sublime/ ,orb c rea*1 ,employ'd its humble ,elem5ts to ,tea*6 ,yet wor?ily ,e/eem'd1 because we "k ,to raise ,_! ,c\ntry's ,fame !y /oop'd s l[4--,,tate4 #gi ,dr4 ,campbell1 9 8 ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 page #aeh?1 makes a difficulty respect+ ! mean+ ( ?is passage3 cites x z an in/ance ( ! misapplication ( ! t]m gramm>2 & supposes ! writ]'s notion ( ! ?+ to h be51 ( gramm> 9 ! ab/ract1 an univ]sal ar*etype by :i* ! p>ticul> gramm>s ( all diff]5t tongues ought to be regulat$4 ,& adds1 ,if ?is 0 8 mean+1 ,i _c say :e!r he is 9 ! "r or 9 ! wrong1 9 ?is accusation4 ,i ackn[l$ge myself to be entirely ignorant ( ?is ideal gramm>4 ,x w\ld be m fair to suppose t ,dr4 ,swift meant by gramm> ! rules & pr9ciples accord+ to :i* ! ,engli% language ought to be spok5 & writt52 &1 7z ,i %all h]eaft] %[17 x is no great hyp]bole to affirm1 t e "p ( ! code--nay1 well-nigh e "o ( ^! rules & pr9ciples--is1 9 _m in/ances1 violat$1 if n by :at may be call$ ! language itself1 at lea/ by ^? speak]s & writ]s :o are "u ! /ronge/ obligations to "k & obs]ve its true use4 #hj ,! phrase ( any is "h errone\s4 ,^! words ought to h be5 omitt$2 or ! au?or %\ld h said--! lea/ valuable ( all 8 productions4 #ha ,?is ^w latt] %\ld h be5 la/2 = ?ree works are "h spok5 (4 #hb ,) ?is op9ion concurr$ ! le>n$ ,james ,:ite1 au?or ( a ,grammatical ,essay on ! ,engli% ,v]b1 an octavo volume ( m ?an ?ree hundr$ pages1 publi%$ 9 ,london 9 #agfa4 ,?is au?or says1 ,our ,essays t[>ds =m+ an ,engli% ,gramm>1 h n be5 v _m3 f ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 to t ( ,que5 ,ann1 !re are b ,two t ! au?or ( ! ,pres5t kn[s (3 "o 9 ,engli% by ! r5[n'd ,b5 ,jonson1 & "o 9 ,lat9 by ! le>n'd ,dr4 ,wallis4 ,9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,ann inde$1 !re seems to h aris5 a noble ,_s ( +5i\s ,emulation 9 ?is ,lit]>y way3 & to ?is we owe ! treatises compos'd at t p]iod = ! use ( s*ools1 by ,brightl&1 ,gre5wood1 & ,maittaire4 ,b1 s9ce t "t1 no?+ ha? appe>'d1 t ha? come to ?is ,essayi/'s k1 des]v+ to be tak5 any notice ( z t5d+ to illu/rate our ,language by asc]ta9+ ! ,gramm> ( x2 except ,anselm ,bayly's ,introduction to ,languages1 ,johnson's ,gramm> prefix'd to ! ,abridgem5t ( 8 ,diction>y1 & ! late ,dr4 ,w>d's ,essays ^u ! ,engli% ,language4--,^! are all ! ,treatises he ha? met )1 relative to ?is subject2 all :i* he ha? p]us'd v att5tively1 & made ! be/ use ( !m 9 8 p[]4 ,b not)/&+ all ^! aids1 some?+ /ill rema9s to be done1 at lea/ x s appe>s to him1 prep>atory to attempt+ ) success ! ,gramm> ( our ,language4 ,all our ef=ts ( ?is k9d seem to h be5 r5d]'d ineffectual hi!rto1 *iefly by ! prevali5cy ( two false notions3 "o ( :i* is1 t our ,v]bs h no ,moods2 & ! o!r1 t our ,language ha? no ,syntax4--,:ite's ,engli% ,v]b1 p4 viii4 #hc ,a simil> doctr9e1 h[ev]1 is taught by no less an au?or ?an ! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,crombie1 ,,ll4 ,d41 :o says1 9 ! fir/ p>agraph ( 8 introduction1 ,,language consi/s ( intelligible signs1 & is ! m$ium1 by :i* ! m9d communicates its ?\ghts4 ,x is ei!r articulate1 or in>ticulate2 artificial1 or natural4 ,! =m] is peculi> to man2 ! latt] is common to all animals4 ,by in>ticulate language1 we mean ^? in/9ctive cries1 by :i* ! sev]al tribes ( inf]ior creatures are enabl$ to express _! s5sations & desires4 ,by articulate language is und]/ood a sy/em ( expression1 compos$ ( simple s\nds1 diff]5tly modifi$ by ! organs ( spee*1 & v>i\sly comb9$4--,treatise on ! ,etymology & ,syntax ( ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #a4 ,see ! same doctr9e also 9 ,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,! language :i* is common to all animals1 c be no o!r ?an t 9 :i* sop's wolves & weasels1 goats & gras%opp]s1 talk$--a language q too unreal = gramm>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 t :i* is compos$ ( s\nds only1 & n ( lett]s1 includes b a m]e fraction ( ! sci5ce4 #hd ,! pron\n :om is n prop]ly applicable to bea/s1 unless !y are p]sonifi$3 ! relative :i* w\ld !re=e1 p]haps1 h be5 pref]able "h1 ?\gh :om has a bett] s\nd4--,g4 ,b4 #he ,! great diff]5ce betwe5 m5 & brutes1 9 ! utt]ance ( s\nd by ! m\?1 consi/s 9 ! p[] ( articulation 9 man1 & ! entire want ( x 9 brutes4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #h4 #hf ,/rictly speak+1 an articulate s\nd is n a simple elem5t ( spee*1 b r a complex "o1 :e!r syllable or ^w2 = articulate lit]ally means jo9t$4 ,b our gramm>ians 9 g5]al1 h appli$ ! t]m to ! s\nd ( a lett]1 a syllable1 or a ^w1 indiscrim9ately3 = :i* reason1 x seems n v suitable to be us$ alone 9 describ+ any ( ! ?ree4 ,%]idan says1 ,! ess5ce ( a syllable consi/s 9 articulation only1 = e articulate s\nd ( c\rse =ms a syllable4--,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #fb4 ,if he is "r 9 ?is1 n _m ( our lett]s--or1 p]haps m prop]ly1 none ( !m--c s+ly repres5t articulate s\nds4 ,! loos5ess ( ?is t]m induces me to add or pref] an o!r4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,all51 :o comes z ne> z any ( our gramm>ians1 to ! true def9ition ( a lett]1 says3 #a4 ,! s\nds us$ 9 language are call$ articulate s\nds4 #b4 ,a lett] is a "* us$ 9 pr9t+ or writ+1 to repres5t an articulate s\nd4--,all5's ,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #b4 ,dr4 ,adam says3 #a4 ,a lett] is ! m>k ( a s\nd1 or ( an articulation ( s\nd4 #b4 ,a v[el is prop]ly call$ a simple s\nd2 & ! s\nds =m$ by ! conc\rse ( v[els & consonants1 articulate s\nds4--,lat9 & ,engli% ,gram41 pp4 #a & #b4 #hg ,( ?is sort ( blund]1 ! foll[+ false def9ition is an in/ance3 ,a ,v[el is a lett]1 ! "n ( :i* makes a full op5 s\nd4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #e2 ,brace's1 #g2 ,haz5's1 #aj4 ,all ?is is j z true ( a consonant z ( a v[el4 ,! comma too1 us$ 9 ?is s5t5ce1 defeats ev5 ! s5se :i* ! writ]s int5d$4 ,x is surely no description ei!r ( a v[el or ( a consonant1 to say1 t x is a lett]1 & t ! "n ( a lett] makes a full op5 s\nd4 ,aga91 a late gramm>ian tea*es1 t ! names ( all ! lett]s are no?+ b ,roman capitals1 & !n seems to inquire :i* ( ^! names are v[els1 ?us3 ,q4 ,h[ _m lett]s are 9 ! alphabet8 ,a4 ,tw5ty-six4 ,q4 ,:at are _! names8 ,a4 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 ,i1 ,j1 ,k1 ,l1 ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p1 ,q1 ,r1 ,s1 ,t1 ,u1 ,v1 ,w1 ,x1 ,y1 ,z4 ,q4 ,:i* ( ^! are call$ ,v[els8--,f[le's ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 ,"p ,fir/1 p4 #g4 ,if my wor?y fri5d ,f[le _h kn[n or consid]$ :at are ! names ( ! lett]s 9 ,engli%1 he might h made a bett] beg9n+ to 8 gramm> ?an ?is4 #hh ,by ! colloquial phrase1 to a ,tee we mean1 to a nicety1 to a tittle1 a jot1 an iota4 ,_h ! ,briti% poet ,caw?orn1 himself a not$ s*oolma/]1 kn[n h[ to write ! "n ( ,t1 he w\ld probably h pref]r$ x 9 ! foll[+ c\plet3 ,& swore by ,v>ro's %ade t he ,conceiv$ ! m$al to a ,t4--,briti% ,poets1 ,vol4 ,,vii1 p4 #fe4 ,"h ! "n w\ld c]ta9ly be mu* fitt] ?an ! lett]1 because ! text does n 9 reality speak ( ! lett]4 ,) ! names ( ! ,greek lett]s1 ! au?or 0 bett] acqua9t$2 ! same poem exhibits two ( !m1 :]e ! *>act]s !mselves are spok5 (3 ,my eye c trace div9ely true1 ,9 ?is d>k curve a little ,mu2 ,& "h1 y see1 !re seems to lie ,! ru9s ( a ,doric ,xi4--,ibidem4 ,! critical read] w see t seems %\ld be seem1 to agree ) its nom9ative ru9s4 #hi ,lily1 reckon+ )\t ! ,h1 ,j1 or ,v1 speaks ( ! ,lat9 lett]s z tw5ty-two2 b says no?+ conc]n+ _! names4 ,ruddiman1 ,adam1 ,grant1 ,g\ld1 & o!rs1 :o include ! ,h1 ,j1 & ,v1 rightly /ate ! numb] to be tw5ty-five2 b1 conc]n+ _! names1 are likewise entirely sil5t4 ,&rews & ,/odd>d1 n admitt+ ! ,k1 tea* ?us3 ,! lett]s ( ! ,lat9 language are tw5ty-f\r4 ,!y h ! same names z ! correspond+ *>act]s 9 ,engli%4--,&rews & ,/odd>d's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,a lat] au?or speaks ?us3 ,! ,lat9 ,alphabet consi/s ( tw5ty-five lett]s1 ! same 9 "n & =m z ! ,engli%1 b )\t ! w4--,bullions's ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,x w\ld probably be ne>] to ! tru?1 to say1 ,! ,lat9 ,alphabet1 l ! ,fr5*1 has no ,w2 x consi/s ( tw5ty-five lett]s1 :i* are ! same 9 "n & =m z ! ,fr5*4 ,w x be pret5d$ t ! ,fr5* names & ! ,engli% d n diff]8 #ij ,! ,scot* ,iz & ! ,crav5 ,izzet1 if /ill 9 use any:]e1 are names /rictly local1 n prop]ly ,engli%1 nor likely to spread4 ,,izzet1 ! lett] ,z4 ,?is is probably ! corruption ( izz>d1 ! old & common "n = ! lett]1 ?\gh ,i "k n1 says ,n>es1 on :at au?ority4--,gloss>y ( ,crav51 w4 ,izzet4 ,z z1 z$1 m commonly call$ izz>d or uzz>d1 t is1 s h>d4--,dr4 ,johnson's ,gram41 p4 #a4 ,& h[ %e soo?'d me :5 ) /udy sad ,i lab\r'd on to rea* ! f9al ,zad4--,crabbe's ,bor\gh1 p4 #bbh4 #ia ,william ,bolles1 9 8 new ,diction>y1 says ( ! lett] ,z3 ,its s\nd is uni=mly t ( a h>d ,s4 ,! "n1 h[ev]1 he pron\nces z ,i d2 ?\gh he writes x n ,zee b z2 giv+ n ! or?ography ( ! "n1 z he %\ld h done1 b a m]e index ( its pronunciation4 ,walk] proves by citations f ,pr(essor ,w>d & ,dr4 ,wallis1 t ^! au?ors consid]$ ! %>p or hiss+ s\nd ( s ! h>d s\nd2 & ! flat s\nd1 l t ( z1 its s(t s\nd4 ,see 8 ,diction>y1 #hvo1 p4 #ec4 #ib ,dr4 ,web/] di$ 9 #ahdc4 ,mo/ ( ?is "w 0 writt5 :ile he 0 yet 9 vig\r4 #ic ,?is old def9ition ,john ,l4 ,p>khur/ disputes3--says x is ambigu\s2--que/ions :e!r x means1 t ! "n ( su* a lett]1 or ! simple s\nd1 requires a v[el6 ,if ! latt]1 says he1 ! ass]tion is false4 ,! simple s\nds1 repres5t$ by ! consonants1 c be utt]$ sep>ately1 di/9ctly1 & p]fectly4 ,x c be done ) ! utmo/ ease1 ev5 by a little *ild4--,p>khur/'s ,inductive ,gram4 = ,beg9n]s1 p4 #afd4 ,he mu/ be "o ( ^! mod]n philosoph]s :o delight to make m\?s ( ^! voiceless elem5ts1 to %[ h[ mu* may be done )\t s\nd f ! l>ynx4 #id ,?is te/ ( :at is1 or is n1 a v[el s\nd or a consonant s\nd1 is (t5 appeal$ to1 & is g5]ally admitt$ to be a j "o4 ,errors 9 ! application ( an or a are n unfrequ5t1 b !y d n affect ! argum5t4 ,x _c be d5i$1 t x is prop] to use a1 & n prop] to use an1 be=e ! initial s\nd ( w or y ) a v[el foll[+4 ,& ?is rule holds good1 :e!r ! s\nd be express$ by ^! p>ticul> lett]s1 or by o!rs2 z 9 ! phrases1 a wond]1 a "o1 a yew1 a use1 a ew]1 a hum\r1 a yield+ temp]4 ,b ,i h he>d x cont5d$1 t ^! are v[el s\nds1 not)/&+ !y require a2 & t ! w & y are always v[els1 because ev5 a v[el s\nd 7x 0 said7 requires a & n an1 :5ev] an o!r v[el s\nd imm$iately foll[s x4 ,( ?is notion1 ! foll[+ examples are a suffici5t refutation3 an aronaut1 an arial t\r1 an oeiliad1 an eyew9k1 an eyas1 an iambus1 an osis1 an o'ersight1 an oil1 an oy/]1 an owl1 an ounce4 ,! initial s\nd ( yield+ requires a1 & n an2 b ^? :o call ! y a v[el1 say1 x is equival5t to ! unacc5t$ long e4 ,?is does n seem to me to be exactly true2 because ! latt] s\nd requires an1 & n a2 z1 ,a!ns1 z well z ,!bes1 _h an ,etion4 #ie ,dr4 ,ru%1 9 8 ,philosophy ( ! ,human ,voice1 has exhibit$ "s acut5ess ( obs]vation1 & has writt5 ) comm5dable orig9ality4 ,b 8 accuracy is c]ta9ly n great] ?an 8 confid5ce4 ,on page #eg?1 he says1 ,! m1 n1 & ng1 are purely nasal2 on page #dja/1 ,"s ( ! tonic elem5ts1 & "o ( ! subtonics1 are made by ! assi/ance ( ! lips2 !y are o-we1 oo-ze1 ou-r1 & m4 ,( ! intr9sic value ( 8 "w1 ,i am n prep>$ or incl9$ to (f] any op9ion2 ,i criticise him only s f> z he /rikes at grammatical pr9ciples long e/abli%$1 & wor?y /ill to be ma9ta9$4 #if ,dr4 ,com/ock1 by enum]at+ z elem5t>y ! s\nd ( ! diph?ong ou1 z 9 our1 & ! complex p[] ( :1 z 9 :at1 7:i* s\nds ought n to be s reckon$17 makes ! :ole numb] ( vocal elem5ts 9 ,engli% to be ?irty-eight4 ,see ,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #ai4 #ig ,?is ^w is commonly he>d 9 two syllables1 yune'yun2 b if ,walk] is "r 9 mak+ x ?ree1 yu'ne-un1 ! s\nd ( y consonant is he>d 9 x b once4 ,worce/]'s notation is yun'yun4 ,! long s\nd ( u is yu2 h5ce ,walk] calls ! lett]1 :5 ?us s\nd$1 a semi-consonant diph?ong4 #ih ,*ildr5 ought to be accu/om$ to speak l\d1 & to pron\nce all possible s\nds & articulations1 ev5 ^? ( su* =eign languages z !y w be oblig$ to le>n2 = almo/ e language has its p>ticul> s\nds :i* we pron\nce ) difficulty1 if we h n be5 e>ly accu/om$ to !m4 ,accord+ly1 nations :o h ! greate/ numb] ( s\nds 9 _! spee*1 le>n ! mo/ easily to pron\nce =eign languages1 s9ce !y "k _! articulations by hav+ met ) simil> s\nds 9 _! own language4--,spurzheim1 on ,education1 p4 #aei4 #ii ,if x be admitt$ t ! two semiv[els l & n h vocality en\gh ( _! own to =m a v feeble syllable1 x w prove only t !re are ^! exceptions to an important g5]al rule4 ,if ! "n ( ,haydn rhymes ) maid51 x makes "o exception to ! rule ( writ+2 b x is no "p ( ! ,engli% language4 ,! obscure s\nd ( :i* ,i speak1 is sometimes improp]ly conf\nd$ ) t ( %ort u2 ?us a rec5t writ]1 :o pr(esses great skill 9 respect to su* matt]s1 says1 ,"o ( ! mo/ common s\nds 9 our language is t ( ! v[el u1 z 9 ! ^w urn1 or z ! diph?ong ea 9 ! ^w e>?1 = :i* we h no "*4 ,writ]s h made v>i\s ef=ts to express x1 z 9 e>?1 b]?1 mir?1 wor?1 turf1 9 :i* all ! v[els are indiscrim9ately us$ 9 turn4 ,fi/ ,?is defect has l$ to ! absurd me?od ( plac+ ! v[el aft] ! consonants1 in/ead ( betwe5 !m1 :5 a ^w t]m9ates ) ?is s\nd2 z 9 ! foll[+1 ,bible1 pure1 c5tre1 circle1 in/ead ( ,bibel1 pu]1 c5t]1 cirkel4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dih4 ,x w\ld be a great /ep t[>ds p]fection to spell our words z !y are pron\nc$6--,ibid41 p4 #dii4 ,h[ (t5 d ! re=m]s ( language multiply ! irregul>ities ( :i* !y compla96 #ajj ,! numb] ( simple s\nds 9 our tongue is tw5ty-eight1 #i ,v[els & #ai ,consonants4 ,h is no lett]1 b m]ely a m>k ( aspiration4--,jones's ,prosodial ,gram4 be=e 8 ,dict41 p4 #ad4 ,! numb] ( simple v[el & consonant s\nds 9 our tongue is tw5ty-eight1 & "o pure aspiration h1 mak+ 9 all tw5ty-n9e4--,bolles's ,octavo ,dict41 ,introd41 p4 #i4 ,! numb] ( lett]s 9 ! ,engli% language is tw5ty-six2 b ! numb] ( elem5ts is ?irty-eight4--,com/ock's ,elocution1 p4 #ah4 ,!re are ?irty-eight elem5ts 9 ! ,engli% alphabet1 & to repres5t ^? elem5ts by appropriate *>act]s1 we %\ld h ?irty-eight lett]s4 ,!re is1 !n1 a defici5cy 9 our alphabet ( twelve lett]s--& he :o %all supply ?is imp]fection1 w be "o ( ! greate/ b5efactors ( ! human race4--,ib41 p4 #ai4 ,our alphabet is bo? r$undant & defective4 ,c1 q1 & z1 are respectively repres5t$ by k or s1 k1 & ks1 or gz2 & ! rema9+ tw5ty-?ree lett]s are employ$ to repres5t =ty-"o elem5t>y s\nds4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #cf4 ,! simple s\nds 7 9 no wise to be reckon$ ( any c]ta9 numb]3 by ! fir/ m5 !y 7 det]m9$ to no m ?an t51 z sp9e suppose2 z o!rs1 fifte5 or tw5ty2 x is h[ev] c]ta9 t mank9d 9 g5]al nev] exce$ tw5ty simple s\nds2 & ( ^! only five are reckon$ /rictly su*4--,bicknell's ,gramm>1 ,"p ii1 p4 #d4 #aja ,:5 ^! s\nds are op5ly pron\nc$1 !y produce ! famili> ass5t ay3 :i*1 by ! old ,engli% dramatic writ]s1 0 (t5 express$ by ,i4--,walk]4 ,we /ill he> x s among ! vulg>2 z1 ,i1 ,i1 sir1 pres5tly6 = ,ay1 ay1 sir1 pres5tly6 ,%akspe>e wrote1 ,to sleepe1 p]*ance to dreame2 ,i1 !re's ! rub4 --,bucke's ,classical ,gram41 p4 #adc4 #ajb ,walk] pron\nces yew & y precisely alike1 yoo2 b1 c]ta9ly1 ew is n commonly equival5t to oo1 ?\gh "s make x s3 ?us ,g>d9]1 9 8 s*eme ( ! v[els1 says1 ew equals oo1 z 9 new1 noo4--,music ( ,nature1 p4 #dhc4 ,noo = new1 is a vulg>ism1 to my e>4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ajc ,z h>mony is an inh]5t prop]ty ( s\nd1 ! e> %\ld he fir/ call$ to ! att5tion ( simple s\nds2 ?\gh1 9 reality1 all are compos$ ( ?ree1 s nicely bl5d$ z to appe> b z "o4--,g>d9]'s ,music ( ,nature1 p4 #h4 ,e s\nd is a mixture ( ?ree tones2 z mu* z a ray ( light is compos$ ( ?ree prismatic col\rs4--,ib41 p4 #chg4 #ajd ,! titul>y "n ( ! sacr$ volume is ,! ,holy ,bible4 ,! ^w ,scripture or ,scriptures is a common "n = ! writ+s conta9$ 9 ?is ine/imable volume1 &1 9 ! book itself1 is seldom di/+ui%$ by a capital2 b1 9 o!r works1 x seems prop] 9 g5]al to write x s1 by way ( em95ce4 #aje ,b5$ictus es ,dom9e ,deus ,israel patris no/ri ab et]no 9 et]num4--,vulgate4 ,o ,et]nel6 ,dieu d',isral1 notre pre1 tu es bni de t\t temps et t\j\rs4--,common ,fr5* ,bible4 ,greek3 ,eulogtos ei ,kyrie ho !os ,israel ho patr hmon apo t\ aionos kai heos t\ aionos4--,septuag9t4 #ajf ,:]e ! ^w ,see accompanies ! ref]5ce1 ! read] may g5]ally und]/& t ! citation1 :e!r "r or wrong 9 reg>d to gramm>1 is n 9 all respects exactly z x w be f\nd 9 ! place ref]r$ to4 ,cases ( ?is k9d1 h[ev]1 w occur b seldom2 & x is hop$ ! reasons = admitt+ a few1 w be suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,brevity is indisp5sable2 & "s rules are s g5]ally kn[n & obs]v$1 t "o might se>* long = half a doz5 examples ( _! undesign$ violation4 ,:]ev] an error is made int5tionally 9 ! ,ex]cises1 ! true read+ & ref]5ce are to be expect$ 9 ! ,key4 #ajg ,et irritav]unt asc5d5tes 9 m>e1 ,m>e rubrum4--,lat9 ,vulgate1 folio1 ,psal4 cv1 #g4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 %\ld h be5 ,m>e ,rubrum1 ) two capitals4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ajh ,! pr9t]s1 f ! mann] 9 :i* !y place _! types be=e !m1 call ! small lett]s l[]-case lett]s1 or lett]s ( ! l[] case4 #aji ,i imag9e t plagues %\ld "h be plague1 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & n plural4 ,ero m ius1 o mors2 morsus tuus ero1 inf]ne4--,vulgate4 ,greek3 ,p\ h dik s\1 ?anate2 p\ to k5tron s\1 aid2--,septuag9t1 ibid4 #aaj ,x is hop$ t n _m p]sons w be s mu* puzzl$ z are ,dr4 ,la?am & ,pr(essor ,f[l]1 ab\t ! application ( ?is rule4 ,9 _! rec5t works on ,! ,engli% ,language1 ^! g5tlem5 say1 ,9 c]ta9 words ( m ?an "o syllable1 x is difficult to say to :i* syllable ! int]v5+ ,consonant belongs4 ,= in/ance1 does ! v 9 riv] & ! v 9 fev] belong to ! fir/ or to ! second syllable8 ,are ! words to be divid$ ?us1 ri-v]1 fe-v]8 or ?us1 riv-er1 fev-er8--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #ahej1 #he2 ,la?am's ,h&-,book1 p4 #ie4 ,n[ ,i suppose x pla91 t1 by ! rule giv5 above1 fev] is to be divid$ 9 ! =m] way1 & riv] 9 ! latt]2 ?us1 fe-v]1 riv-er4 ,b ?is p>agraph ( ,la?am's or ,f[l]'s is writt51 n to disemb>rass ! le>n]1 b j z if x 7 a gramm>ian's bus9ess to conf\nd 8 read]s ) fictiti\s dilemmas--& ^? express$ ungrammatically6 ,( ! two ,vees1 s illogically associat$ 9 "o "q1 & s soleci/ically spok5 ( by ! s+ul> v]b does1 "o belongs to ! =m] syllable1 & ! o!r1 to ! latt]2 nor d ,i discov] t x is difficult to say ?is1 or to be well assur$ t x is "r4 ,:at an admirable passage = "o great l+ui/ to /eal f an o!r6 #aaa ,! usual rules = divid+ words into syllables1 are n only arbitr>y b false & absurd4 ,!y contradict ! v def9ition ( a syllable giv5 by ! au?ors !mselves4 99 99 99 99 ,a syllable 9 pronunciation is an indivisible ?+2 & /range z x may appe>1 :at is indivisible 9 utt]ance is divid$ 9 writ+3 :5 ! v purpose ( divid+ words into syllables 9 writ+1 is to lead ! le>n] to a j pronunciation4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #aef2 ,philosophical ,gram41 #bba4 #aab ,?is ^w1 l di/i* & mono/i*1 is f ! ,greek /i*os1 a v]se2 & is improp]ly spell$ by ,walk] ) a f9al k4 ,x %\ld be hemi/i*1 ) ! acc5t on ! fir/ syllable4 ,see ,web/]1 ,scott1 ,p]ry1 ,worce/]1 & o!rs4 #aac ,accord+ to ,ari/otle1 ! comp\nd+ ( t]ms1 or ! writ+ ( !m z sep>ate words1 mu/ ne$s be a matt] ( great importance to ! s5se4 ,= he w h ! p>ts ( a comp\nd n\n1 or ( a comp\nd v]b1 to be1 l o!r syllables1 de/itute ( any di/9ct signification 9 !mselves1 :atev] may be _! mean+ :5 writt5 sep>ately4 ,see 8 def9itions ( ! p>ts ( spee*1 9 8 ,poetics1 ,*apt] #bj? ( ! ,greek2 or ,g\l/on's ,v]sion 9 ,lat91 ,*apt] #ab?4 #aad ,:e!r wor%ipp] %\ld foll[ ?is pr9ciple1 or n1 is que/ionable4 ,if ,dr4 ,web/] is "r 9 mak+ wor%ip a comp\nd ( wor? & %ip1 he furni%es a reason aga9/ 8 own practice ( us+ a s+le p 9 wor%ip]1 wor%ip$1 & wor%ip+4 ,! ,saxon ^w appe>s to h be5 weor?scype4 ,b words end+ 9 %ip are d]ivatives1 r ?an comp\nds2 & !re=e !y seem to belong to ! rule1 r ?an to ! exception3 z1 ,s we fell[%ip$ him4--,h]ald ( ,fre$om3 ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #fh4 #aae ,:5 ee comes be=e e1 or may be suppos$ to d s1 or :5 ll comes be=e l1 "o ( ! lett]s is dropp$ t ?ree ( ! same k9d may n meet3 z1 free1 fre]1 free/1 free?1 fre$2 skill1 skilless2 full1 fully2 droll1 drolly4 ,&1 z burgess-%ip1 ho/ess-%ip1 & mi/ress-%ip are d]ivatives1 & n comp\nds1 ,i ?9k !y ought to foll[ ! same pr9ciple1 & be writt5 burges%ip1 ho/es%ip1 mi/res%ip4 ,! prop] =m ( gall-less is p]haps m d\btful4 ,x ought n to be gallless1 z ,dr4 ,web/] has x2 & galless1 ! analogical =m1 is yet1 s f> z ,i "k )\t au?ority4 ,b is x n pref]able to ! hyph5$ =m1 ) ?ree ,ells1 :i* has au?ority8 ,,gall-,,less1 a4 ,)\t gall or bitt]ness4 ,cleavel&4--,*alm]s1 ,bolles1 ,worce/]4 ,ah6 mild & gall-less dove1 ,:i* do/ ! pure & c&id dwell+s love1 ,can/ ?\ 9 ,albion /ill delight8--,c[ley's ,odes4 ,worce/]'s ,diction>y has also ! que/ionable ^w bellless4 ,tre51 = trees1 or = an adjective mean+ a tree's1 or made ( a tree1 is exhibit$ 9 sev]al ( our diction>ies1 & pron\nc$ z a monosyllable3 b ,dr4 ,beattie1 9 8 ,poems1 p4 #hd1 has made x a dissyllable1 ) ?ree l lett]s divid$ by a hyph51 ?us3-- ,pluck+ f tree-en b\gh h] simple food4 #aaf ,h&iwork1 h&icraft1 & h&icraftsman1 appe> to h be5 corruptly writt5 = h&work1 h&craft1 & h&craftsman4 ,!y 7 =m]ly 9 good use1 & consequ5tly obta9$ a place 9 our vocabul>y1 f :i* no lexicograph]1 s f> z ,i "k1 has yet ?\ght fit to disc>d !m2 b1 be+ irregul>1 !y are manife/ly becom+ obsolete1 or at lea/ %[+ a t5d5cy to ?r[ (f ^! que/ionable =ms4 ,h&craft & h&craftsman are n[ exhibit$ 9 "s diction>ies1 & h&iwork seems likely to be resolv$ into h&y & "w1 f :i* ,johnson supposes x to h be5 =m$4 ,see ,psalm xix1 #a4 ,! text is v>i$ ?us3 ,& ! firmam5t %ewe? 8 h&iwork4--,johnson's ,dict44 ,& ! firmam5t %ewe? 8 h&y-"w4--,scott's ,bible2 ,bruce's ,bible2 ,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,& ! firmam5t %[e? 8 h&y "w4--,alg]'s ,bible2 ,fri5ds' ,bible2 ,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 #aag ,"h a ^w1 =m$ f its root by means ( ! t]m9ation ize1 aft]w>ds assumes a prefix1 to make a second>y d]ivative3 ?us1 organ1 organize1 disorganize4 ,9 su* a case1 ! latt] d]ivative mu/ ( c\rse be l ! =m]2 & ,i assume t ! ess5tial or prim>y =mation ( bo? f ! ^w organ is by ! t]m9ation ize2 b x is easy to see t disguise1 demise1 surmise1 & ! l1 are ess5tially or prim>ily =m$ by means ( ! prefixes1 dis1 de1 & sur4 ,z to adv]tise1 ex]cise1 detonize1 & recognize1 :i* ,i h not$ among ! exceptions1 x is n easy to discov] by :i* me?od we ought to suppose !m to h be5 =m$2 b ) respect to ne>ly all o!rs1 ! di/9ction is v pla92 & ?\gh !re may be no natural reason = f\nd+ ^u x su* a rule z ! =ego+1 ! voice ( g5]al cu/om is z cle> 9 ?is z 9 mo/ o!r po9ts or pr9ciples ( or?ography1 &1 surely1 "s rule 9 ?is case is greatly ne$$4 #aah ,criticise1 ) s1 is ! or?ography ( ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,web/]1 ,jones1 ,scott1 ,bolles1 ,*alm]s1 ,cobb1 & o!rs2 & s did ,worce/] spell x 9 8 ,compreh5sive ,diction>y ( #ahca1 b1 9 8 ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y ( #ahdf1 he wrote x ) z1 z did ,bailey 9 8 folio1 ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,"h ! z con=ms to ! =ego+ rule1 & ! s does n4 #aai ,l ?is1 ! comp\nd brim-full ought to be writt5 ) a hyph5 & acc5t$ on ! la/ syllable2 b all our lexicograph]s h corrupt$ x into brim'ful1 &1 contr>y to ! au?orities !y quote1 acc5t$ x on ! fir/4 ,_! n\n brim'fulness1 ) a l acc5t1 is also a corruption2 & ! text ( ,%akspe>e1 :i* !y quote = x1 is nons5se1 unless brim1 be !re made a sep>ate adjective3-- ,) ample & brimfulness ( 8 =ce4--,johnson's ,dict4 et al4 ,) ample & brim fullness ( 8 =ce1 w\ld be bett]4 #abj ,accord+ to ,littleton1 ! coraliticus lapis 0 a k9d ( ,phrygian m>ble1 call$ ,coralius or by an o!r "n ,sang>ius4 ,b ?is sub/ance seems to be diff]5t f all t are describ$ by ,web/]1 "u ! names ( corall9e1 corall9ite1 & corallite4 ,see ,web/]'s ,octavo ,dict4 #aba ,! ,greek ^w = argil is ,greek3 argilos1 or ,greek3 argillos1 7f ,greek3 argos1 :ite17 mean+ pure :ite e>?2 & is z (t5 spell$ ) "o ,lamda z ) two4 #abb ,dr4 ,web/]1 ) app>5t propriety1 writes cavil+ & cavil\s ) "o l1 l dial+ & p]il\s2 b he has 9 g5]al no m uni=mity ?an ,johnson1 9 respect to ! d\bl+ ( l f9al4 ,he also1 9 "s in/ances1 acc5ts simil> words v>i\sly3 z1 cor'alli=m1 ^u ! fir/ syllable1 metal'li=m1 ^u ! second2 cav'il\s & pap'ill\s1 ^u ! fir/1 argil'l\s1 ^u ! second2 ax'ill>1 ^u ! fir/1 m$ul'l>1 ^u ! second4 ,see ,web/]'s ,octavo ,dict4 #abc ,p]ry wrote cry/al9e1 cry/alize1 cry/alization1 metal9e1 metali/1 metalurgi/1 & metalurgy2 & ^! =ms1 z well z cry/alography1 metalic1 metalography1 & metalif]\s1 are notic$ & pref]r$ by ! au?ors ( ! ,r$ ,book1 on pp4 #bhh & #cjb4 #abd ,b if a diph?ong prec$es1 or ! acc5t is on ! prec$+ syllable1 ! consonant rema9s s+le3 z1 to toil1 toil+2 to (f]1 an (f]+4--,murray's ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bd2 ,walk]'s ,rhym4 ,dict41 ,introd41 p4 ix4 #abe ,johnson1 ,walk]1 & ,web/]1 all spell ?is ^w sep'ilible2 :i* is obvi\sly wrong2 z is ,johnson's d]ivation ( x f sepio1 to h$ge 94 ,sepio w\ld make1 n ?is ^w1 b sepibilis & sepible1 h$geable4 #abf ,if ! v>iable ^w control1 contr\l1 or controll1 is f con & tr\l or troll1 x %\ld be spell$ ) ll1 by ,rule #g?1 & reta9 ! ll by ,rule #f?4 ,dr4 ,web/] has x s1 b he gives control also4 #abg ,a*e1 & its plural1 a*es1 appe> to h be5 =m]ly pron\nc$ l ! "n ( ! eigh? lett]1 ) its plural1 ,ait*1 & ,ait*es2 = ! old poets made a*es two syllables4 ,b ,johnson says ( a*e1 a pa91 x is n[ g5]ally writt5 ake1 & 9 ! plural akes1 ( "o syllable4--,see 8 ,qu>to ,dict4 ,s ,walk]3 ,x is n[ almo/ univ]sally writt5 ake & akes4--,see ,walk]'s ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #cee4 ,s ,web/]3 ,ake1 less prop]ly writt5 a*e4--,see 8 ,octavo ,dict4 ,b ,worce/] seems r to pref] a*e4--,g4 ,b4 #abh ,?is book has1 probably1 m recomm5d]s ?an any o!r ( ! sort4 ,i h n pati5ce to c\nt !m accurately1 b x w\ld seem t m ?an a ?\s& ( ! great & le>n$ h c]tifi$ to ! _w1 t !y nev] be=e _h se5 s good a spell+-book6 ,) p]sonal k ( m ?an fifty ( ! sign]s1 ,g4 ,b4 refus$ to add 8 poor "n1 be+ a%am$ ( ! mis*iev\s facility ) :i* v respectable m5 _h loan$ _! signatures4 #abi ,scrat1 = scrat*4 ,! ^w is n[ obsolete1 & may be alt]$ by tak+ * 9 ! correction4 #acj ,hairbra9$1 adj4 ,?is %\ld r be writt5 h>ebra9$2 uncon/ant1 unsettl$1 wild z a h>e4--,johnson's ,dict4 ,web/] writes x h>ebra9$1 z f h>e & bra94 ,worce/]1 too1 pref]s ?is =m4 #aca ,! :ole numb] ( v]bs 9 ! ,engli% language1 regul> & irregul>1 simple & comp\nd$1 tak5 toge!r1 is ab\t #d1cjj4 ,see1 9 ,dr4 ,w>d's ,essays on ! ,engli% language1 ! catalogue ( ,engli% v]bs4 ,! :ole numb] ( irregul> v]bs1 ! defective includ$1 is ab\t #agf4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,philad41 #agii1 p4 #ei4 ,l9dley ,murray copi$ ! fir/ & ! la/ ( ^! ?ree s5t5ces1 b made ! latt] numb] ab\t #agg4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #aji2 ,duodecimo1 p4 #hh4 ,9 ! latt] "w1 he has ?is note3 ,! :ole numb] ( words1 9 ! ,engli% language1 is ab\t ?irty-five ?\s&4--,ib4 ,*ur*ill says1 ,! :ole numb] ( v]bs 9 ! ,engli% language1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,w>d1 is ab\t #d1cjj4 ,! irregul>s1 includ+ ! auxil>ies sic--,,k?1 sc>cely exce$ #bjj4--,new ,gram41 p4 #aac4 ,an o!r late au?or has ! foll[+ enum]ation3 ,!re are 9 ! ,engli% language ab\t tw5ty ?\s& five hundr$ n\ns1 =ty pron\ns1 eight ?\s& v]bs1 n9e ?\s& two hundr$ adn\ns1 two ?\s& six hundr$ adv]bs1 sixty-n9e prepositions1 n9ete5 conjunctions1 & sixty-eight int]jections2 9 all1 above =ty ?\s& words4--,rev4 ,david ,blair's ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,william ,w>d1 ,m4 ,a41 9 an old gramm> undat$1 :i* speaks ( ,dr4 ,l[?'s z "o ) :i* ! public _h v lately be5 fav\r$1 says3 ,!re are f\r ,?\s& & ab\t ,five ,hundr$ ,v]bs 9 ! ,engli% language4--,w>d's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #eb4 #acb ,^! def9itions are numb]$ "h1 because ea* ( !m is ! fir/ ( a s]ies n[ begun4 ,9 class rehe>sals1 ! pupils may be requir$ to give ! def9itions 9 turn2 &1 to prev5t any f los+ ! place1 x is important t ! numb]s be m5tion$4 ,:5 all h become suffici5tly famili> ) ! def9itions1 ! ex]cise may be p]=m$ )\t !m4 ,!y are to be read or repeat$ till faults disappe>--or till ! tea*] is satisfi$ ) ! p]=mance4 ,he may !n save "t1 by comm&+ 8 class to proce$ m briefly2 mak+ su* di/9ctions z are requir$ 9 ! praxis1 b ceas+ to expla9 ! t]ms employ$2 t is1 omitt+ all ! def9itions1 = brevity's sake4 ,?is rem>k is applicable likewise to all ! subsequ5t praxes ( etymological p>s+4 #acc ,! modifications :i* belong to ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee* consi/ *iefly ( ! inflections or *anges to :i* c]ta9 words are subject4 ,b ,i use ! t]m sometimes 9 a r broad] s5se1 z includ+ n only v>iations ( words1 b1 9 c]ta9 in/ances1 _! orig9al =ms1 & also su* ( _! relations z s]ve to indicate peculi> prop]ties4 ,?is is no que/ionable lic5se 9 ! use ( ! t]m2 = :5 ! position ( a ^w modifies its mean+1 or *anges its p]son or case1 ?is effect is cle>ly a grammatical modification1 ?\gh !re be no absolute inflection4 ,"l ,kames obs]ves1 ,t quality1 :i* di/+ui%es "o g5us1 "o species1 or ev5 "o individual1 f an o!r1 is t]m$ a modification3 ?us ! same p>ticul> t is t]m$ a prop]ty or quality1 :5 consid]$ z belong+ to an individual1 or a class ( individuals1 is t]m$ a modification1 :5 consid]$ z di/+ui%+ ! individual or ! class f an o!r4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cib4 #acd ,wells1 hav+ put ! articles into ! class ( adjectives1 produces au?ority z foll[s3 ',! words a or an1 & !1 are reckon$ by "s gramm>ians a sep>ate "p ( spee*2 b1 z !y 9 all respects come "u ! def9ition ( ! adjective1 x is unnecess>y1 z well z improp]1 to rank !m z a class by !mselves4'--,cannon4 ,to ?is he adds1 ,! articles are also rank$ ) adjectives by ,prie/ley1 ,e4 ,oliv]1 ,bell1 ,elph9/on1 ,m',cullo*1 ,d',orsey1 ,l9dsay1 ,joel1 ,gre5wood4 ,sme?am1 ,dalton1 ,k+1 ,hort1 ,bu*anan1 ,crane1 ,j4 ,russell1 ,frazee1 ,cutl]1 ,p]ley1 ,swett1 ,day4 ,good5[1 ,will>d1 ,robb9s1 ,felton1 ,snyd]1 ,butl]1 ,s4 ,b>rett1 ,badgley1 ,h[e1 ,:it+1 ,dav5port1 ,f[le1 ,weld1 & o!rs4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #fi4 ,9 ?is way1 he may h made x seem to _m1 t1 aft] ?or\gh inve/igation1 he _h decid$ ! po9t discreetly1 & ) prepond]ance ( au?ority4 ,= x is claim$ z a peculi> m]it ( ?is gramm>1 t1 ,e po9t ( practical importance is ?or\ghly inve/igat$1 & ref]5ce is c>efully made to ! rese>*es ( prec$+ writ]s1 9 all cases :i* admit ( be+ det]m9$ by weight ( au?ority4--,,william ,,russell1 on ! cov]4 ,b1 9 ?is in/ance1 z 9 sundry o!rs1 :]e9 he opposes ! m common doctr9e1 & cites concurr5t au?ors1 bo? he & all 8 au?orities are demon/rably to ! wrong4 ,= h[ c !y be "r1 :ile reason1 usage1 & ! prevail+ op9ion1 are /ill aga9/ !m8 ,if we h =ty gramm>s :i* reject1 ! articles z a "p ( spee*1 we h m ?an twice z _m :i* recognize !m z su*2 among :i* are ^? ( ! foll[+ au?ors3 viz41 ,adam1 ,d4 ,adams1 ,a9swor?1 ,ald51 ,alg]1 ,w4 ,all51 ,a%1 ,bacon1 ,b>n>d1 ,beattie1 ,beck1 ,bicknell1 ,b+ham1 ,blair1 ,j4 ,h4 ,br[n1 ,bucke1 ,bullions1 ,burn1 ,burr1 ,*&l]1 ,*ur*ill1 ,co>1 ,cobbett1 ,cobb91 ,comly1 ,coop]1 ,davis1 ,de>born1 ,ensell1 ,ev]ett1 ,f>num1 ,fisk1 ,a4 ,fl9t1 ,folk]1 ,f[l]1 ,fro/1 ,r4 ,g4 ,gre5e1 ,gre5leaf1 ,guy1 ,hall1 ,hallock1 ,h>t1 ,h>rison1 ,matt4 ,h>rison1 ,haz51 ,h5drick1 ,hiley1 ,hull1 ,+]soll1 ,jaudon1 ,johnson1 ,kirkham1 ,la?am1 ,l5nie1 ,a4 ,lewis1 ,l[?1 ,maltby1 ,maund]1 ,m5nye1 ,m]*ant1 ,t4 ,h4 ,mill]1 ,murray1 ,nixon1 ,nutt+1 ,p>k] & ,fox1 ,john ,peirce1 ,picket1 ,pond1 ,s4 ,putnam1 ,russell1 ,sanborn1 ,s&]s1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?1 ,sp5c]1 ,t[]1 ,tuck]1 ,walk]1 ,webb]1 ,wilcox1 ,wilson1 ,woodwor?1 ,j4 ,e4 ,worce/]1 ,s4 ,worce/]1 ,wright4 ,! articles *>act]ize our language m ?an "s ( ! o!r p>ts ( spee*1 & are wor?y ( di/9ction = _m reasons1 "o ( :i* is ! v great frequ5cy ( _! use4 #ace ,9 ,murray's ,abridgem5t1 & 9 8 ,second ,edition1 #abmo1 ! connective 9 ?is place is or2 & s is x giv5 by mo/ ( 8 am5d]s2 z 9 ,alg]'s ,murray1 p4 #fh2 ,ald5's1 #hi2 ,bacon's1 #dh2 ,coop]'s1 #aaa2 ,a4 ,fl9t's1 #fe2 ,maltby's1 #fj2 ,mill]'s1 #fg2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #gd2 ,russell's1 #eb2 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 #fa4 ,all ^!1 & _m m1 repeat bo? ( ^! ill-devis$ rules4 #acf ,:5 ?is 0 writt51 ,dr4 ,web/] 0 liv+4 #acg ,9 ,fr5*1 ! preposition 1 7to17 is always c>efully di/+ui%$ f ! v]b a1 7has17 by means ( ! grave acc5t1 :i* is plac$ ov] ! =m] = t purpose4 ,& 9 g5]al also ! ,lat9 ^w 1 7f17 is m>k$ 9 ! same way4 ,b1 ) u1 no appropriate sign has hi!rto be5 adopt$ to di/+ui% ! preposition a f ! article a2 ?\gh ! ,saxon a1 7to17 is giv5 by ,johnson ) an acute1 ev5 :]e no o!r a is f\nd4 ,h5ce1 9 _! ignorance1 ?\s&s ( vulg> read]s1 & among !m ! au?ors ( sundry gramm>s1 h con/antly mi/ak5 ?is preposition = an article4 ,examples3 ,"s adv]bs are compos$ ( ! article a prefix$ to n\ns2 z a-side1 a-?ir/1 a-sleep1 a-%ore1 a-gr\nd1 c4--,comly's ,gram41 p#fg4 ,repeat "s adv]bs t are compos$ ( ! article a & n\ns4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #hi4 ,to g a fi%+2 ,to g a hunt+2 i4e4 to g on a fi%+ voyage or bus9ess2 to g on a hunt+ p>ty4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bba2 ,fisk's1 #adg2 ,+]soll's1 #aeg2 ,smi?'s1 #ahd2 ,bullions's1 #abi2 ,m]*ant's1 #aja2 ,weld's1 #aib1 & o!rs4 ,t ?is int]pretation is false & absurd1 may be se5 at once by any body :o c read ,lat92 =1 a hunt+1 a fi%+1 c41 are express$ by ! sup9e 9 um3 z1 ,v5atum ire4--,virg4 n4 ,i4e41 ,to g a hunt+4 ,abeo piscatum4--,beza4 ,i4e4 ,i g a fi%+4--,john1 xxi1 #c4 ,e s*ool-boy ought to "k bett] ?an to call ?is a an article4 ,a fi%+ is equival5t to ! inf9itive to fi%4 ,= ! ,greek ( ! =ego+ text is ,greek3 ,hupg hliee91 :i* is r5d]$ by ,montanus1 ,vado pisc>i2 i4e41 ,i g to fi%4 ,"o au?or ignorantly says1 ,! article a seems to h no p>ticul> mean+1 & is h>dly prop] 9 su* expressions z ^!4 ',he w5t a-hunt+1' ,%e lies a-b$ all day4'--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,no m>vel t he c\ld n f9d ! mean+ ( an article 9 ?is a6 ,) dolti% & d\ble inconsi/5cy1 ,weld fir/ calls ?is ,! article a employ$ 9 ! s5se ( a preposition1 7,e4 ,gram41 p4 #agg17 & aft]w>ds adopts ,murray's int]pretation z above cit$6 ,"s1 too1 h an absurd practice ( jo9+ ?is preposition to ! p>ticiple2 g5]ally ) ! hyph51 b sometimes )\t3 ?us1 ,a-,,go+1 ,9 motion2 z1 to set a mill ago+4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,! doctor does n tell u :at "p ( spee* ago+ is2 b1 c]ta9ly1 to set ! mill to go+1 expresses j ! same mean+1 & is ab\t z (t5 he>d4 ,9 ! burial-s]vice ( ! ,common ,pray] ,book1 we read1 ,!y are ev5 z asleep2 b1 9 ! n9etie? ,psalm1 f :i* ?is is tak51 we f9d ! text ?us3 ,!y are z a sleep2 t is1 z a dream t is fl$4 ,n[ ^! are v diff]5t read+s1 & _c bo? he "r4 #ach ,"h ! lexicograph] =gets 8 false etymology ( a be=e ! p>ticiple1 & writes ! words sep>ately1 z ! g5]ality ( au?ors always h done4 ,a 0 us$ z a preposition long be=e ! article a appe>$ 9 ! language2 & ,i d\bt :e!r !re is any tru? at all 9 ! common notions ( its orig94 ,web/] says1 ,9 ! words ab$1 a%ore1 c41 & be=e ! p>ticiples acom+1 ago+1 a%oot+1 he %\ld h said1 '& be=e p>ticiples2 z1 a com+1 a go+1 a %oot+1' a has be5 suppos$ a contraction ( on or at4 ,x may be s 9 "s cases2 b ) ! p>ticiples1 x is sometimes a contraction ( ! ,saxon prefix ge1 & sometimes p]haps ( ! ,celtic ag4--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #age4 ,see ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #bdd4 ,:at admirable le>n+ is ?is6 ,a1 =soo?1 is a contraction ( ge6 ,& ?is is ! doctor's reason = jo9+ x to ! p>ticiple6 #aci ,! foll[+ con/ruction may he consid]$ an ar*aism1 or a =m ( expression t is n[ obsolete3 ,y h be/[$ a _m ( k9dnesses ^u me4--,walk]'s ,engli% ,p>ticles1 p4 #bgh4 #adj ,if ,i or we is set be=e a "n1 x ! "n is ( ! fir/ p]son3 z1 ,i1 ,n-- ,n--1 decl>e2 we1 ,n-- & ,m-- d promise4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,n\ns :i* relate to ! p]son or p]sons speak+1 are said to be ( ! fir/ p]son2 z1 ,i1 ,william1 speak to y4--,f[le's ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #bb4 ,! fir/ p]son ( n\ns is admitt$ by ,a9swor?1 ,r4 ,w4 ,bailey1 ,b>n>d1 ,brightl&1 ,j4 ,h4 ,br[n1 ,bullions1 ,butl]1 ,c>dell1 ,*&l]1 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 ,coop]1 ,day1 ,emmons1 ,f>num1 ,felton1 ,fisk1 ,john ,fl9t1 ,f[le1 ,frazee1 ,gilb]t1 ,goldsbury1 ,r4 ,g4 ,gre5e1 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 ,hall1 ,hallock1 ,haml91 ,h>t1 ,h5drick1 ,hiley1 ,p]ley1 ,picket1 ,p9neo1 ,russell1 ,sanborn1 ,s&]s1 ,sm>t1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,spe>1 ,weld1 ,wells1 ,wilcox1 & o!rs4 ,x is d5i$1 ei!r expressly or virtually1 by ,alg]1 ,bacon1 ,comly1 ,davis1 ,dilwor?1 ,gre5leaf1 ,guy1 ,haz51 ,+]soll1 ,jaudon1 ,kirkham1 ,la?am1 ,l4 ,murray1 ,maltby1 ,m]*ant1 ,mill]1 ,nutt+1 ,p>khur/1 ,s4 ,putnam1 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?1 & o!rs4 ,among ! gramm>ians :o d n appe> to h notic$ ! p]sons ( n\ns at all1 are ,ald51 ,w4 ,all51 ,d4 ,c4 ,all51 ,a%1 ,bicknell1 ,b+ham1 ,blair1 ,bu*anan1 ,bucke1 ,burn1 ,burr1 ,*ur*ill1 ,co>1 ,cobb1 ,dalton1 ,de>born1 ,abel ,fl9t1 ,r4 ,w4 ,gre51 ,h>rison1 ,johnson1 ,l5nie1 ,l[?1 ,m5nye1 ,mulligan1 ,prie/ley1 ,/ani=d1 ,w>e1 ,webb]1 & ,web/]4 #ada ,pr(4 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e mo/ absurdly & errone\sly tea*es1 t1 ,:5 ! speak] wi%es to repres5t himself1 he _c use 8 "n1 b mu/ use "s o!r ^w1 z1 ,i2 & :5 he wi%es to repres5t ! he>]1 he mu/ use ?\ or y4--,gre5e's ,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 #ahec1 p4 xxxiv4 ,! examples giv5 above suffici5tly %[ ! falsity ( all ?is4 #adb ,9 %oe & %oes1 canoe & canoes1 ! o is s\nd$ sl5d]ly1 l oo2 b 9 doe or does1 foe or foes1 & ! re/ ( ! f\rte5 n\ns above1 :e!r s+ul> or plural1 x reta9s ! full s\nd ( its own "n1 ,o4 ,:e!r ! plural ( two %\ld be twoes z ,*ur*ill writes x1 or twos1 :i* is m common1 is que/ionable4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,a% & ! ,spectator1 ! plural ( :o1 tak5 sub/antively1 is :os4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #aca4 #adc ,!re are "s s+ul> comp\nds ( ! plural ^w p5ce1 :i* =m _! own plurals regul>ly2 z1 sixp5ce1 sixp5ces4 ,if y d n all %[ l gilt twop5ces to me4--,,%akspe>e4 ,! sweep/akes ( :i* are to be compos$ ( ! disput$ diff]5ce 9 ! value ( two d\btful sixp5ces4--,,goodell',s ,,lect43 ,lib]ator4 ,vol4 ix1 p4 #ade4 #add ,9 ! ?ird canto ( ,"l ,byron's ,prophecy ( ,dante1 ?is n\n is us$ 9 ! s+ul> numb]3-- ,& ocean writt5 o'er w\ld n af=d ,space = ! annal1 yet x %all g =?4 #ade ,!y nev] yet _h sep>at$ = _! daylight b$s1 )\t a climax to _! orgy1 some?+ l ! pres5t sc5e4--,! ,crock ( ,gold1 p4 #ac4 ,& /raps nev] call$ ^u to dim9i% t long :ity-br[n int]val betwe5 %oe & tr[s]4--,ib41 p4 #bd4 ,& he gave !m victual 9 abundance4--#b ,*ron41 xi1 #bc4 ,/ore ( victual4--,ib41 v]se #aa4 #adf ,! n\n physic prop]ly signifies m$ic9e1 or ! sci5ce ( m$ic9e3 9 :i* s5se1 x seems to h no plural4 ,b ,crombie & ! o!rs cite "o or two in/ances 9 :i* physic & metaphysic are us$1 n v accurately1 9 ! s5se ( ! s+ul> ( physics & metaphysics4 ,sev]al gramm>ians also quote "s examples 9 :i* physics1 metaphysics1 politics1 optics1 & o!r simil> names ( sci5ces are us$ ) v]bs or pron\ns ( ! s+ul> numb]2 b ,dr4 ,crombie ju/ly says ! plural con/ruction ( su* words1 is m common1 & m agreeable to analogy4--,on ,etym4 & ,syntax1 p4 #bg4 #adg ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 foll[+ ! occupation ( a compositor 9 a pr9t+-(fice1 at a limit$ weekly wage1 c4--,*amb]s' ,ed9burgh ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #bcb4 ,,wage1 ,wages1 hire4 ,! s+ul> numb] is /ill frequ5tly us$1 ?\gh ,dr4 ,johnson ?\ght x obsolete4--,gloss>y ( ,crav54 #ahbh4 #adh ,our lexicograph]s g5]ally treat ! ^w fire>ms z a close comp\nd t has no s+ul>4 ,b "s write x ) a hyph51 z fire-arms4 ,9 fact ! s+ul> is sometimes us$1 b ! way ( writ+ x is unsettl$4 ,dr4 ,johnson1 9 8 ,diction>y1 def9es a c>b9e z1 a small sort ( fire arm2 ,web/] has x1 a %ort gun1 or fire arm2 ,worce/]1 a small fire-arm2 ,cobb1 a sort ( small fire>ms4 ,web/] uses fire-arm1 9 def9+ /ock4 #adi ,b1 soon aft]w>ds1 he made a glori\s am5d = 8 fault1 at ! battle ( ,plata4--,hi/4 ,read]1 p4 #dh4 #aej ,!re n a dreg ( guilt defiles4--,watts's ,lyrics1 p4 #bg4 #aea ,9 ,"y's ,night ,?\ghts1 7,n4 vii1 l4 #dge47 lee1 ! s+ul> ( lees1 is f\nd2 ,*ur*ill says1 7,gram41 p4 #baa17 ,prior has us$ lee1 z ! s+ul> ( lees2 ,web/] & ,bolles h also bo? =ms 9 _! diction>ies3-- ,ref9e1 exalt1 ?r[ d[n _! poison\s lee1 ,& make !m sp>kle 9 ! b[l ( bliss4--,"y4 #aeb ,! ',procru/ean b$' has be5 a my? h]et(ore2 x promises soon to be a %amble & a slaught]h\se 9 reality4--,/4 ,l\is ,democrat1 #ahee4 #aec ,j4 ,w4 ,wright rem>ks1 ,"s n\ns admit ( no plural di/9ctions3 z1 w9e1 wood1 be]1 sug>1 tea1 timb]1 fruit1 meat1 goodness1 happ9ess1 & p]haps all n\ns end+ 9 ness4--,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #aci4 ,if ?is le>n$ au?or _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! woods1 & _h nev] read ( ,murray's ri*] w9es1 or he>d ( ,solomon's da9ty meats1--nev] *aff]$ 9 ! m>ket ab\t sug>s & teas1 or read 9 ,isaiah t all our righte\snesses are z fil?y rags1 or av[$1 l ,timo?y1 a good pr(ession be=e _m witnesses1--he might /ill h hew$ ! timb]s ( "s rude cab91 & p>tak5 ( ! wild fruits :i* nature af=ds4 ,if ^! n9e plurals are "r1 8 ass]tion is n9e times wrong1 or misappli$ by himself sev5 times 9 ! t54 #aed ,i w n suppose x possible = my de> ,james to fall into ei!r ! company or ! language ( ^? p]sons :o talk1 & ev5 write1 ab\t b>leys1 :eats1 clov]s1 fl\rs1 grasses1 & malts4-- ,cobbett's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bi4 #aee ,x is a g5]al rule1 t all names ( ?+s measur$ or weigh$1 h no plural2 = 9 !m n numb]1 b quantity1 is reg>d$3 z1 wool1 w9e1 oil4 ,:5 we speak1 h[ev]1 ( diff]5t k9ds1 we use ! plural3 z1 ! co>s] wools1 ! ri*] w9es1 ! f9] oils4--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #da4 #aef ,s pa9s is ! regul> plural ( pa91 &1 by ,johnson1 ,web/]1 & o!r lexicograph]s1 is recogniz$ only z plural2 b ,worce/] ins]ts x among 8 /ock words1 ) a comm5t1 ?us3 ,pa9s1 n4 ,labor2 "w2 toil2 c>e2 tr\ble4 ,fi/ ,accord+ to ! be/ usage1 ! ^w pa9s1 ?\gh ( plural =m1 is us$ 9 ^! s5ses z s+ul>1 & is jo9$ ) a s+ul> v]b2 z1 ',! pa9s !y _h tak5 0 v great4' ,cl>5don4 ',no pa9s is tak54' ,pope4 ',great pa9s is tak54' ,prie/ley4 ',mu* pa9s4' ,bol+broke4--,univ4 & ,crit4 ,dict4 ,! multiplication ( anomalies ( ?is k9d is s undesirable1 t no?+ %ort ( a v cle> decision ( ,cu/om1 aga9/ ! use ( ! regul> concord1 c well ju/ify ! exception4 ,_m su* examples may be cit$1 b are !y n examples ( false syntax8 ,i incl9e to ?9k ! be/ usage w\ld /ill make all ^! v]bs plural4 ,dr4 ,johnson cites ! fir/ example ?us3 ,! pa9s !y _h tak5 7 v great4 ,cl>5don4--,qu>to ,dict41 w4 ,pa94 ,& ! foll[+ rec5t example is unque/ionably "r3 ,pa9s h be5 tak5 to collect ! in=mation requir$4--,presid5t ,fillmore's ,message1 #aheb4 #aeg ,& ! fi% t is 9 ! riv] %all die4--,exod41 vii1 #ah4 ,& ! fi% t 0 9 ! riv] di$4--,ib41 #ba4 ,"h ! con/ruction is altoge!r 9 ! s+ul>1 & yet ! mean+ seems to be plural4 ,?is con/ruction appe>s to be m objectionable1 ?an ! use ( ! ^w fi% ) a plural v]b4 ,! ,fr5* ,bible "h corresponds ) ours3 b ! ,lat9 ,vulgate1 & ! ,greek ,septuag9t1 h bo? ! n\n & ! v]b 9 ! plural3 z1 ,! fi%es t are 9 ! riv]1--,! fi%es t 71 c4 ,9 our ,bible1 f[l1 z well fi%1 is sometimes plural2 & yet bo? words1 9 "s passages1 h ! plural =m3 z1 ,& f[l t may fly1 c4--,g541 i1 #bj4 ,i w consume ! f[ls ( ! heav51 & ! fi%es ( ! sea4--,zeph41 i1 #c4 #aeh ,"s au?ors1 :5 !y give to m]e words ! con/ruction ( plural n\ns1 are 9 ! habit ( writ+ !m 9 ! =m ( possessives s+ul>2 z1 ,!y h ( late1 'tis true1 re=m$1 9 "s measure1 ! g\ty jo9ts & d>n+ "w ( :]eunto's1 :]eby's1 !re('s1 !re)'s1 & ! re/ ( ?is k9d4--,%aftesbury4 ,"h1 says ,dr4 ,crombie1 ! g5itive s+ul> is improp]ly us$ = ! objective case plural4 ,x %\ld be1 :]euntos1 :]ebys1 !re(s1 !re)s4-- ,treatise on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #cch4 ,accord+ to our rules1 ^! words %\ld r be1 :]euntoes1 :]ebies1 !re(s1 !re)s4 ,any ^w1 :5 us$ z ! "n ( itself1 becomes a n\n4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,b "s gramm>ians say1 ,! plural ( words1 consid]$ z words m]ely1 is =m$ by ! apo/rophe & s2 z1 ',:o1 t has any ta/e1 c endure ! incessant1 quick returns ( ! also's1 & ! likewise's1 & ! moreov]'s1 & ! h[ev]'s1 & ! not)/&+'s8'--,,campbell4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,practice is n altoge!r 9 fav\r ( ?is pr9ciple1 & p]haps x w\ld be bett] to decide ) ,crombie t su* a use ( ! apo/rophe is improp]4 #aei ,! ,supreme ,be+ 7,god1 ,greek3 ,!os1 ,deus1 ,dieu1 c47 is1 9 all languages1 mascul9e2 9 z mu* z ! mascul9e sex is ! sup]ior & m excell5t2 & z ,he is ! ,creator ( all1 ! ,fa!r ( gods & m54--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 p4 #ed4 ,?is rem>k applies to all ! direct names ( ! ,deity1 b ! ab/ract idea ( ,deity itself1 ,greek3 ,to ,!ion1 ,num51 ,godhead1 or ,div9ity1 is n mascul9e1 b neut]4 ,on ?is po9t1 "s notions h be5 publi%$ = gramm>1 t are too het]odox to be cit$ or criticis$ "h4 ,see ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bjh4 #afj ,t is1 we give !m sex1 if we mean to repres5t !m z p]sons4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 a "* commonly e/eem$ fem99e is repres5t$ z neut]1 because ! au?or w\ld seem to d\bt bo? ! sex & ! p]sonality3 ,i don't "k :at a wit* is1 or :at x 0 !n4--,n4 ,p4 ,rog]s's ,writ+s1 p4 #aed4 #afa ,!re is ! same reason = d\bl+ ! t 9 cittess1 z = d\bl+ ! d 9 goddess4 ,see ,rule #c;d = ,spell+4 ,yet ,johnson1 ,todd1 ,web/]1 ,bolles1 ,worce/]1 & o!rs1 spell x citess1 ) "o t4 ,cits & citesses raise a joyful /ra94--,,dryd53 ,joh4 ,dict4 #afb ,b 9 ! ,engli% we h no ,g5d]s1 z has be5 se5 9 ! =ego+ ,notes4 ,! same may be said ( ,cases4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 ,sev5? ,edition1 ,lond41 #agdf1 p4 #he4 #afc ,! ,rev4 ,david ,blair s palpably contradicts himself 9 respect to ?is matt]1 t ,i "k n :i* he fav\rs mo/1 two cases or ?ree4 ,9 8 ma9 text1 he adopts no objective1 b says3 ,accord+ to ! s5se or relation 9 :i* n\ns are us$1 !y are 9 ! ,,nom9ative or ! ,,possessive ,,case1 ?us1 nom4 man2 poss4 man's4 ,to ?is he adds ! foll[+ m>g9al note3 ,9 ! ,engli% language1 ! di/9ction ( ! objective case is obs]vable only 9 ! pron\ns4 ,cases be+ no?+ b inflections1 :]e inflections d n exi/1 !re c be no grammatical di/9ction ( cases1 = ! t]ms inflection & case are p]fectly synonym\s & conv]tible4 ,z ! ,engli% n\n has only "o *ange ( t]m9ation1 s no o!r case is "h adopt$4 ,! objective case is notic$ 9 ! pron\ns2 & 9 p>s+ n\ns x is easy to di/+ui% subjects f objects4 ,a n\n :i* gov]ns ! v]b may be describ$ z 9 ! nom9ative case1 & "o gov]n$ by ! v]b1 or foll[+ a preposition1 z 9 ! objective case4--,blair's ,practical ,gram41 ,sev5? ,edition1 ,london1 #ahae1 p4 #aa4 ,! t]ms inflection & case are n practically synonym\s1 & nev] 7 s 9 ! gramm>s ( ! language f :i* !y are d]iv$4 ,! man :o rejects ! objective case ( ,engli% n\ns1 because x has n a =m peculi> to itself alone1 mu/ reject ! accusative & ! vocative ( all neut] n\ns 9 ,lat91 = ! same reason2 & ! ablative1 too1 mu/ 9 g5]al be disc>d$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,9 "s o!r p>ts ( 8 book1 ,blair speaks ( ! objective case ( n\ns z famili>ly z d o!r au?ors6 #afd ,?is au?or says1 ,we *oose to use ! t]m subjective r ?an nom9ative1 because x is %ort]1 & because x conveys its mean+ by its s\nd1 :]eas ! latt] ^w means1 inde$1 little or no?+ 9 itself4--,text-,book1 p4 #hh4 ,?is appe>s to me a fooli% innovation1 too mu* 9 ! _s ( ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce1 :o also adopts x4 ,! p]son :o kn[s n ! mean+ ( ! ^w nom9ative1 w n be v likely to f9d out :at is meant by subjective2 especially z "s le>n$ gramm>ians1 ev5 su* m5 z ,dr4 ,crombie & ,pr(essor ,bullions1 (t5 errone\sly call ! ^w :i* is gov]n$ by ! v]b its subject4 ,besides1 if we say subjective & objective1 9 /ead ( nom9ative & objective1 we %all inevitably *ange ! acc5t ( bo?1 & give !m a pronunciation hi!rto unkn[n to ! words4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #afe ,! au?orities cit$ by ,fel*1 = 8 doctr9e ( possessive adn\ns1 am\nt to no?+4 ,!y are o/5sibly two4 ,! fir/ is a rem>k ( ,dr4 ,adam's3 ',john's book 0 =m]ly writt5 ,johnis book4 ,"s h ?\ght ! 's a contraction ( 81 b improp]ly4 ,o!rs h imag9$1 ) m ju/ness1 t1 by ! addition ( ! 's1 ! sub/antive is *ang$ into a possessive adjective4'--,adam's ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #g4--;,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,"h ,dr4 ,adam by no means concurs ) :at ^! o!rs h imag9$2 =1 9 ! v same place1 he decl>es ! possessive case ( n\ns to be _! only case4 ,! second is a dogmatical & inconsi/5t rem>k ( "s anonym\s writ] 9 "s "p ( ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,education1 a "w respectable inde$1 b1 on ! subject ( gramm>1 too (t5 fanta/ical & het]odox4 ,fel* ?9ks x n improp]1 to use ! possessive case be=e p>ticiples2 9 :i* situation1 x d5otes1 n ! own] ( some?+1 b ! ag5t1 subject1 or recipi5t1 ( ! action1 be+1 or *ange4 ,& :at a jumble does he make1 :]e he attempts to resolve ?is ungrammatical con/ruction6--tell+ u1 9 almo/ ! same brea?1 t1 ,! ag5t ( a n\nal v]b i4 e4 p>ticiple is nev] express$1 b t1 ,sometimes x ! n\nal or g]undial v]b is qualifi$1 9 its n\nal capacity1 by a possessive adn\n indicative ( its ag5t z a v]b2 z1 !re is no?+ l "o's ,,be+ useful he d\bt$ _! ,,hav+ x3 & !n conclud+1 ,h5ce x appe>s1 t ! pres5t p>ticiple may be us$ z ag5t or object1 & yet reta9 its "* z a v]b4--,fel*'s ,compreh5sive ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,alas = ! s*ools1 if ! wise m5 ( ! ,ea/ receive = gramm> su* utt] confusion1 & palpable self-contradiction1 z ?is6 #aff ,a critic's accuracy is sometimes liable to be br\ght into d\bt1 by subsequ5t alt]ations ( ! texts :i*1 he quotes4 ,_m an error cit$ 9 ?is volume ( criticism1 may possibly n be f\nd 9 "s future edition ( ! book ref]r$ to2 z sev]al ( ^? :i* 7 po9t$ out by ,l[?1 h disappe>$ f ! places nam$ = !m4 ,*ur*ill also cites ?is l9e z above2 7,new ,gram41 p4 #bad27 b1 9 my edition ( ! ,odyssey1 by ,pope1 ! read+ is ?is3 ,by lov'd ,telema*us's bloom+ ye>s6--,book xi1 ,l #hd4 #afg ,corpse =ms ! plural regul>ly1 corpses2 z 9 #b ,k+s1 xix1 #ce3 ,9 ! morn+1 behold1 !y 7 all dead corpses4 #afh ,murray says1 ,an adjective put )\t a sub/antive1 ) ! def9ite article be=e x1 becomes a sub/antive 9 s5se & mean+1 & is writt5 z a sub/antive3 z1 ',provid5ce rew>ds ! good1 & puni%es ! bad4' ,if ,i und]/& ?is1 x is v errone\s1 & pla9ly contr>y to ! fact4 ,i suppose ! au?or to speak ( good p]sons & bad p]sons2 &1 if he does1 is !re n an ellipsis 9 8 language8 ,h[ c x be said1 t good & bad are "h sub/antives1 s9ce !y h a plural mean+ & refuse ! plural =m8 ,a ^w writt5 z a sub/antive1 unque/ionably is a sub/antive2 b nei!r ( ^! is "h entitl$ to t "n4 ,yet ,smi?1 & o!r satellites ( ,murray1 endorse 8 doctr9e2 & say1 t good & bad 9 ?is example1 & all adjectives simil>ly circum/anc$1 may be consid]$ n\ns 9 p>s+4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,an adjective ) ! def9ite article be=e x1 becomes a n\n1 7( ! ?ird p]son1 plural numb]17 & mu/ be p>s$ z su*4--,r4 ,g4 ,gre5e's ,grammatical ,text-,book1 p4 #ee4 #afi ,"h ! ^w ,engli% appe>s to be us$ sub/antively1 n by reason ( ! article1 b r because x has no article2 =1 :5 ! def9ite article is us$ be=e su* a ^w tak5 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 x seems to %[ t ! n\n language is und]/ood4 ,& x is rem>kable1 t be=e ! names or epi!ts by :i* we di/+ui% ! languages1 ?is article may1 9 _m in/ances1 be ei!r us$ or n us$1 repeat$ or n repeat$1 )\t any app>5t impropriety3 z1 ,?is is ! case ) ! ,hebrew1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 p4 #ch4 ,bett]1 p]haps3 ,?is is ! case ) ! ,hebrew1 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,italian1 & ! ,spani%4 ,b we may say3 ,?is is ! case ) ,hebrew1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,spani%4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! =ms1 !re appe>s to be an ellipsis ( ! plural n\n languages1 at ! end ( ! s5t5ce2 9 ! second1 an ellipsis ( ! s+ul> n\n language1 aft] ea* ( ! national epi!ts2 9 ! la/1 no ellipsis1 b r a sub/antive use ( ! words 9 "q4 #agj ,! ,doctor may1 = aught ,i "k1 h tak5 8 notion ( ?is n\n1 f ! language ( ,dugald ,dalgetty1 boa/+ ( 8 '#ejjj ,iri%es' 9 ! prison ( ,argyle4 ,see ,lett] ( ,w5dell ,phillips1 9 ! ,lib]ator1 ,vol4 xi1 p4 #baa4 #aga ,l9dley ,murray1 or "s ignorant pr9t] ( 8 octavo ,gramm>1 has omitt$ ?is s2 & !reby spoil$ ! prosody1 if n ! s5se1 ( ! l9e3 ,( ,s]icana1 :]e ,*9ese drive1 c4 --,f\r? ,am]ican ,ed41 p4 #cde4 ,if !re 0 a design to correct ! error ( ,milton's ^w1 some?+ %\ld h be5 ins]t$4 ,! common phrase1 ! ,*9ese1 w\ld give ! s5se1 & ! "r numb] ( syllables1 b n ! "r acc5t4 ,x w\ld be suffici5tly analog\s ) our mode ( =m+ ! words1 ,engli%m51 ,fr5*m51 ,scot*m51 ,dut*m51 & ,iri%m51 & p]haps n unpoetical1 to say3 ,( ,s]icana1 :]e ,*9ese-m5 drive1 ,) sails & w9d1 _! cany wagons light4 #agb ,! la/ six words are p]haps m frequ5tly pron\ns2 & "s writ]s w h well-nigh all ! re/ to be pron\ns also4 ,9 l mann]1 9 ! ,engli%1 !re h be5 rescu$ f ! adjectives1 & class$ ) ! pron\ns1 any1 aught1 ea*1 e1 _m1 none1 "o1 o!r1 "s1 su*1 t1 ^?1 ?is1 ^!2 & by o!r writ]s1 all1 ano!r1 bo?1 ei!r1 few1 fir/1 la/1 nei!r1 & sev]al4--,wilson's ,essay on ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,_h ! au?or said wre/$1 9 /ead ( rescu$1 he w\ld h taught a mu* bett] doctr9e4 ,^! words are :at ,dr4 ,l[? correctly call$ ,pronom9al ,adjectives4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bd4 ,?is class ( adjectives includes mo/ ( ! words :i* ,murray1 ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 ,kirkham1 & o!rs1 s absurdly d5om9ate ,adjective ,pron\ns4 ,_! ,di/ributive ,adjective ,pron\ns1 ea*1 e1 ei!r1 nei!r2 _! ,demon/rative ,adjective ,pron\ns1 ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?2 & _! ,indef9ite ,adjective ,pron\ns1 "s1 o!r1 any1 "o1 all1 su*1 c41 are e "o ( !m "h2 = !y all are ,adjectives1 & n ,pron\ns4 ,& x is obvi\s1 t ! correspond+ words 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 or ,fr5*1 are adjectives likewise1 & are1 = ! mo/ "p1 s call$2 s t1 f ,g5]al ,gramm>1 or ! usages ( o!r languages1 arises an argum5t = rank+ !m z adjectives1 r ?an z pron\ns4 ,b ! le>n$ ,dr4 ,bullions1 aft] improp]ly assum+ t e adjective mu/ express ! quality ( a n\n1 & !nce argu+ t no su* def9itives c rightly be call$ adjectives1 mo/ absurdly sugge/s1 t o!r languages1 or ! usages ( o!r languages1 g5]ally assign to ^! ,engli% words ! place ( sub/itutes6 ,b s rem>kable = self-contradiction1 z well z o!r errors1 is ?is g5tleman's %ort note ^u ! classification ( ^! words1 t ,i %all pres5t ! :ole ( x = ! read]'s consid]ation4 ,,note4 ,! di/ributives1 demon/ratives1 & indef9ites1 _c /rictly be call$ pron\ns2 s9ce !y nev] /& in/ead ( n\ns1 b always agree ) a n\n express$ or und]/ood3 ,nei!r c !y be prop]ly call$ adjectives1 s9ce !y nev] express ! quality ( a n\n4 ,!y are "h class$ ) pron\ns1 9 accordance ) ! usages ( o!r languages1 :i* g5]ally assign !m ?is place4 ,all ^!1 toge!r ) ! possessives1 9 p>s+1 may ) suffici5t propriety be t]m$ adjectives1 be+ uni=mly reg>d$ z su* 9 syntax4--,bullions's ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #bg4 7,see also 8 ,app5dix ,,iii1 ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aii47 ,:at a sample ( grammatical in/ruction is "h6 ,! pronom9al adjectives _c prop]ly be call$ adjectives1 b !y may ) suffici5t propriety be t]m$ adjectives6 ,& s may ! possessives1 or ! p]sonal pron\ns 9 ! possessive case6 ,"h1 i4e41 9 ,etymology1 !y are all class$ ) pron\ns2 b1 9 ,syntax1 !y are uni=mly reg>d$ z adjectives6 ,preci\s ,,model = ! ,s]ies ( ,gramm>s1 ,engli%1 ,lat91 & ,greek1 all on ,,! ,,same ,,plan6 #agc ,"s1 = some:at1 or 9 "s degree1 appe>s to me a vulg>ism2 z1 ,?is pause is g5]ally "s long] ?an t ( a p]iod4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #bga4 ,! ^w :at seems to h be5 us$ adv]bially 9 sev]al diff]5t s5ses2 9 none ( :i* is x mu* to be comm5d$3 z1 ,?\gh ,i =be>1 :at am ,i eas$8--,job1 xvi1 #f4 ,:at advantage? x me8--#a ,cor41 xv1 #cb4 ,"h :at1 means 9 :at degree8 h[ mu*8 or :]e98 ,= :at kn[e/ ?\1 ,o wife1 :e!r ?\ %alt save ?y husb&8--#a ,cor41 vii1 #af4 ,"h h[ w\ld h be5 bett]4 ,! enemy1 hav+ 8 c\ntry wa/$1 :at by himself & :at by ! soldi]s1 f9de? succ\r 9 no place4--,sp5s]4 ,"h :at means p>tly2--wa/$ p>tly by himself & p>tly by ! soldi]s4 ,?is use ( :at 0 =m]ly v common1 b is n[1 ,i ?9k1 obsolete4 ,:at be=e an adjective seems sometimes to d5ote ) admiration ! degree ( ! quality2 & is call$1 by "s1 an adv]b2 z1 ,:at p>tial judges are our love & hate6--,dryd54 ,b "h ,i take :at to be an adjective2 z :5 we say1 su* p>tial judges1 "s p>tial judges1 c4 ,:at ne$ ,i be =w>d ) ,dea?1 t calls n on me8--,%akspe>e4 ,"h :at seems to be improp]ly put 9 place ( :y4 #agd ,dr4 ,blair1 9 8 ,lectures on ,rhetoric & ,belles-,lettres1 (t5 uses ! phrase ?is mu*2 b x is1 ,i ?9k1 m common to say ?us mu*1 ev5 :5 ! t]m is us$ sub/antively4 #age ,!re seems to be no good reason = jo9+ an & o!r3 on ! contr>y1 ! phrase an o!r is always z prop]ly two words1 z ! phrase ! o!r1 & m s4 ,! latt]1 be+ long ago vulg>ly contract$ into t'o!r1 probably gave rise to ! app>5t contraction ano!r2 :i* _m p n[adays are ignorant en\gh to divide wrong1 & mispron\nce4 ,see a-no-!r 9 ,murray's ,spell+-,book1 p4 #ga2 & a-no?-er 9 ,em]son's1 p4 #gf4 ,an "h excludes any o!r article2 & bo? analogy & consi/5cy require t ! words be sep>at$4 ,_! union1 l t ( ! words ! & o!r1 has l$ sometimes to an improp] repetition ( ! article3 z1 ,ano!r su* a man1 =1 ,an o!r su* man4--,b9d my hair up4 ,an 'twas ye/]day8 ,no1 nor ! t'o!r day4--,,b5 ,,jonson3 9 ,joh4 ,dict4 ,he c n tell :5 he %\ld take ! tone1 & :5 ! to!r4--,,sir ,t4 ,,moore3 ,tooke's ,d4 ,p41 ,vol4 #ae1 p4 #ddh4 ,t is--:5 he %\ld take ! "o & :5 ! o!r4 ,besides1 ! ^w o!r is decl9$1 l a n\n1 & has ! plural o!rs2 b ! comp\nd+ ( ano!r con/ra9s our gramm>ians to say1 t ?is ^w has no plural4 ,all ^! difficulties w be remov$ by writ+ an o!r z two words4 ,! pr9t]s *iefly rule ?is matt]4 ,to !m1 !re=e1 ,i ref] x2 ) directions1 n to unite ^! words = me1 except :]e x has be5 done 9 ! manuscript1 = ! sake ( exactness 9 quotation4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #agf ,?is is a misapplication ( ! ^w betwe51 :i* _c h ref]5ce to m ?an two ?+s or p>ties3 ! t]m %\ld h be5 among4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #agg ,i suppose t1 9 a comp>ison ( two1 any ( ! degrees may be accurately employ$4 ,! common usage is1 to con/rue ! positive ) z1 ! comp>ative ) ?an1 & ! sup]lative ) (4 ,b "h cu/om all[s u also to use ! comp>ative ) (1 aft] ! mann] ( ! sup]lative2 z1 ,?is is ! bett] ( ! two4 ,x 0 b an odd :im ( "s old p$ant1 to f9d 9 ?is a reason = decl>+ x ungrammatical to say ,?is is ! be/ ( ! two4 ,9 "o gramm>1 ,i f9d ! =m] con/ruction condemn$1 & ! latt] approv$1 ?us3 ,?is is ! bett] book ( ! two4 ,n correct1 because ! comp>ative /ate ( ! adjective1 7bett]17 c n correspond ) ! preposition1 (4 ,! def9ite article1 !1 is likewise improp]ly appli$ to ! comp>ative /ate2 ! s5t5ce %\ld /& ?us1 ,?is is ! be/ book ( ! two4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 ,ed4 ( #ahba1 p4 #acj2 ,ed4 ( #ahdg1 p4 #aea4 #agh ,?is example appe>s to h be5 borr[$ f ,campbell2 :o1 h[ev]1 tea*es a diff]5t doctr9e f ,murray1 & cle>ly su/a9s my position2 ,bo? degrees are 9 su* cases us$ indiscrim9ately4 ,we say rightly1 ei!r ',?is is ! weak] ( ! two1' or--'! weake/ ( ! two4'--,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #bjb4 ,h[ positively d "s o!r m5 contradict ?is6 ,9 comp>+ two p]sons or ?+s1 by means ( an adjective1 c>e mu/ be tak51 t ! sup]lative /ate be n employ$3 ,we prop]ly say1 ',john is ! tall] ( ! two2' b we %\ld n say1 ',john is ! talle/ ( ! two4' ,! reason is pla93 we comp>e b two p]sons1 & mu/ !re=e use ! comp>ative /ate4--,wright's ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,rev4 ,matt4 ,h>rison1 too1 insi/s on x1 t ! sup]lative mu/ h ref]5ce to m ?an two1 & c5sures ,dr4 ,johnson = n obs]v+ ! rule4 ,see ,h>rison's ,engli% ,language1 p4 #bee4 #agi ,l4 ,murray copi$ ?is passage lit]ally1 7?\gh anonym\sly17 z f> z ! colon2 & ( c\rse 8 book tea*es u to acc\nt ! t]m9ation i%1 9 "s sort1 a degree ( comp>ison4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,b :at is m absurd1 ?an to ?9k ( acc\nt+ ?is1 or any o!r suffix1 a degree ( comp>ison8 ,! inaccuracy ( ! language is a suffici5t pro( ( ! ha/e ) :i* ,johnson adopt$ ?is notion1 & ( ! bl9dness ) :i* he has be5 foll[$4 ,! passage is n[ f\nd 9 mo/ ( our ,engli% gramm>s4 ,sanborn expresses ! doctr9e ?us3 ,adjectives t]m9at+ ) i%1 d5ote a degree ( comp>ison less ?an ! positive2 z1 salti%1 :iti%1 blacki%4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,b :o does n "k1 t mo/ adjectives ( ?is end+ are d]iv$ f n\ns1 & are comp>$ only by adv]bs1 z *ildi%1 fooli%1 & s =?8 ,wilcox says1 ,words end+ 9 i%1 g5]ally express a slight degree2 z1 r$di%1 booki%4--,practical ,gram41 p4 #ag4 ,b :o w suppose t fooli% d5otes b a slight degree ( folly1 or booki% b a slight fondness = books8 ,&1 ) su* an int]pretation1 :at mu/ be ! mean+ ( m booki% or mo/ fooli%8 #ahj ',a rodde %all come fur? ( ! /ocke ( ,jesse4' ,prim]1 ,h54 ,,viii4--,crav5 ,gloss>y4 #aha ,mid/ is a contraction ( ! regul> sup]lative midde/1 us$ by ,sp5s]1 b n[ obsolete4 ,mid/1 also1 seems to be obsolete z an adjective1 ?\gh /ill frequ5tly us$ z a n\n2 z1 ,9 ! mid/4--,web/]4 ,x is (t5 a poetic contraction = ! preposition amid/4 ,9 "s cases x appe>s to be an adv]b4 ,9 ! foll[+ example x is equival5t to middlemo/1 & !re=e an adjective3 ,/ill greate/ he ! mid/1 ,n[ dragon gr[n4--,p>adise ,lo/1 ,b4 x1 l4 #ebh4 #ahb ,:at ,i "h say1 accords ) ! tea*+ ( all our lexicograph]s & gramm>ians1 except "o dauntless critic1 :o has tak5 p>ticul> pa9s to put me1 & "s ?ree or f\r o!rs1 on ! def5sive4 ,?is g5tleman n only supposes less & few]1 lea/ & fewe/1 to be sometimes equival5t 9 mean+1 b actually exhibits !m z be+ also etymologically ( ! same /ock4 ,less & lea/1 h[ev]1 he ref]s to ?ree diff]5t positives1 & m & mo/1 to f\r4 ,& s9ce1 9 once in/ance1 he traces less & m1 lea/ & mo/1 to ! same primitive ^w1 x foll[s ( c\rse1 if he is "r1 t m is !re equival5t to less & mo/ is equival5t to lea/6 ,! foll[+ is a copy ( ?is rem>kable ,,decl5sion ,,on ,,indef9ite ,,specify+ ,,adnames1 & j "o half ( ! table is wrong3 ,"s1 m1 mo/2 ,"s1 less1 lea/2 ,little1 less1 lea/2 ,few1 few] or less1 fewe/ or lea/2 ,sev]al1 m1 mo/2 ,mu*1 m1 mo/2 ,_m1 m mo/4--,oliv] ,b ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #add4 #ahc ,murray himself _h ! same false notion conc]n+ six ( ^! adjectives1 & p]haps all ! re/2 = 8 indef9ite &s(or?s may embrace j :at ! read] pleases to imag9e4 ,let ! foll[+ p>agraph be comp>$ ) ! obs]vations & pro(s :i* ,i %all (f]3 ,adjectives t h 9 !mselves a sup]lative signification1 d n prop]ly admit ( ! sup]lative or ! comp>ative =m sup]add$3 su* z1 ',*ief1 extreme1 p]fect1 "r1 univ]sal1 supreme1' c42 :i* are sometimes improp]ly writt51 ',*iefe/1 extreme/1 p]fecte/1 righte/1 mo/ univ]sal1 mo/ supreme1' c4 ,! foll[+ expressions are !re=e improp]4 ',he sometimes claims admission to ! *iefe/ (fices2' ',! qu>rel became s univ]sal & national2' ',a me?od ( atta9+ ! righte/ & greate/ happ9ess4' ,! phrases1 s p]fect1 s "r1 s extreme1 s univ]sal1 c41 are incorrect2 because !y imply t "o ?+ is less p]fect1 less extreme1 c4 ?an ano!r1 :i* is n possible4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #afg4 ,= himself1 a man may d z he pleases ab\t comp>+ ^! adjectives2 b :oev] corrects o!rs1 on su* pr9ciples z ! =ego+1 w h "w en\gh on 8 h&s4 ,b ! writ] :o seems to exce$ all o!rs1 9 error on ?is po9t1 is ,joseph ,w4 ,wright4 ,9 8 ,philosophical ,gramm>1 p4 #ea/1 ?is au?or gives a li/ ( sev5ty-two adjectives1 :i*1 he says1 admit ( no v>iation ( /ate2 i4 e41 are n comp>$4 ,among !m are r\nd1 flat1 wet1 dry1 cle>1 pure1 odd1 free1 pla91 fair1 *a/e1 bl9d1 & m ?an =ty o!rs1 :i* are comp>$ ab\t z (t5 z any words 9 ! language4 ,dr4 ,blair is hyp]critically c5sur$ by him1 = say+ mo/ excell5t1 m false1 ! *a/e/ k9d1 m p]fect full]1 m full1 fulle/1 mo/ full1 true/ & mo/ true2 ,murray1 = us+ q wrong2 & ,cobbett1 = ! phrase1 p]fect correctness4 ,correctness1 says ! critic1 does n admit ( degrees ( p]fection4--,ib41 pp4 #adc & #aea4 ,b :at does su* a ?9k] "k ab\t correctness8 ,if ?is excell5t quality _c be p]fect1 surely no?+ c4 ,! words :i* ,dr4 ,bullions ?9ks x improp] to comp>e1 because he judges !m to h an absolute or sup]lative signification1 are true1 p]fect1 univ]sal1 *ief1 extreme1 supreme1 c4--no body kn[s h[ _m4 ,see ,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ai & p4 #aae4 #ahd ,! regul> comp>ison ( ?is ^w1 7l1 lik]1 like/17 seems to be obsolete1 or ne>ly s4 ,x is seldom met )1 except 9 old books3 yet we say1 m l1 or mo/ l1 less l1 or lea/ l4 ,to say ! flock ) :om he is1 is like/ to ,*ri/4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ahj4 ,( ,godlike p['r8 = like/ ,gods !y seem'd4--,milton1 ,p4 ,l4 ,b4 vi1 l4 #cja4 #ahe ,?is example1 & sev]al o!rs t foll[ x1 are no ord9>y solecisms2 !y are d[nright ,iri% bulls1 mak+ actions or relations reciprocal1 :]e reciprocity is utt]ly unimag9able4 ,two words c no m be d]iv$ f ea* o!r1 ?an two liv+ creatures c h receiv$ _! exi/5ce f ea* o!r4 ,s1 two ?+s c nev] succe$ ea* o!r1 except !y alt]nate or move 9 a circle2 & a great] numb] 9 tra9 c foll[ "o an o!r only 9 "s imp]fect s5se1 n at all reciprocal4 ,9 "s in/ances1 !re=e1 ! be/ =m ( correction w be1 to reject ! reciprocal t]ms altoge!r--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ahf ,?is doctr9e ( punctuation1 if n absolutely false 9 itself1 is "h v badly taught4 ,:5 only two words1 ( any sort1 occur 9 ! same con/ruction1 !y seldom require ! comma2 & nev] c !y ne$ m ?an "o1 :]eas ^! gramm>ians1 by _! plural ^w commas1 sugge/ a con/ant dem& = two or m4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ahg ,"s gramm>ians exclude ! ^w x f ! li/ ( p]sonal pron\ns1 because x does n convey ! idea ( t p]sonality :i* consi/s 9 individual intellig5ce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y w h :o to be a p]sonal pron\n1 because x is lit]ally appli$ to p]sons only1 or intellig5t be+s4 ,b ,i judge !m to be wrong 9 respect to bo?2 &1 _h !y giv5 def9itions ( _! sev]al classes ( pron\ns1 !y might p]haps h f\nd out t ! ^w x is always p]sonal1 9 a grammatical s5se1 & :o1 ei!r relative or int]rogative4 #ahh ,:oso & :atso are f\nd 9 old au?ors1 b are n[ out ( use4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #gf4 ,^! antiquat$ words are equival5t 9 import to :osoev] & :atsoev]4 ,! =m]1 :oso1 be+ us$ _m times 9 ! ,bible1 & occasionally also by ! poets1 z by ,c[p]1 ,:itti]1 & o!rs1 c h>dly be said to be obsolete2 ?\gh ,wells1 l ,*ur*ill1 pron\nc$ x s1 9 8 fir/ edition4 #ahi ',! man is prud5t :i* speaks little4' ,?is s5t5ce is incorrect1 because :i* is a pron\n ( ! neut] g5d]4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #ah4 ,:i* is also a relative1 b x is ( ! neut] g5d]4 ,x is also int]rogative4--,web/]'s ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #bf4 ,= ov]sights l ^!1 ,i _c acc\nt4 ,! relative :i* is ( all ! g5d]s1 z e body ought to "k1 :o has ev] he>d ( ! horse :i* ,alex&] rode1 ( ! ass :i* spoke to ,balaam1 or ( any ( ! animals & ?+s :i* ,noah _h ) him 9 ! ark4 #aij ,! ^w :i* also1 :5 tak5 9 its discrim9ative s5se 7i4e4 to di/+ui% "s p]sons or ?+s f o!rs7 may h a con/ruction ( ?is sort2 &1 by ellipsis ( ! n\n aft] x1 x may likewise be> a resemblance to ! d\ble relative :at3 z1 ,i %all n[ give y two passages2 & reque/ y to po9t out :i* words are mono-syllables1 :i* dis-syllables1 :i* tris-syllables1 & :i* poly-syllables4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,"h1 inde$1 ! ^w :at might be sub/itut$ = :i*2 because t also has a discrim9ative s5se4 ,ei!r w\ld be "r2 b ! au?or might h pres5t$ ! same words & ?\ghts r m accurately1 ?us3 ,i %all n[ give y two passages2 & reque/ y to po9t out :i* words are monosyllables2 :i*1 dissyllables2 :i*1 trissyllables2 & :i*1 polysyllables4 #aia ,! relative :at1 be+ equival5t to t :i*1 sometimes has ! demon/rative ^w t set aft] x1 by way ( pleonasm2 z1 ,:at ,i tell y 9 d>kness1 t speak ye 9 light1 & :at ye he> 9 ! e>1 t prea* ye ^u ! h\se-tops4--,matt41 x1 #bg4 ,9 ,covell's ,dige/1 ?is text is pres5t$ z false syntax1 "u ! new & ne$less rule1 ,d\ble relatives always supply two cases4--,dige/ ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #adc4 ,9 my op9ion1 to /rike out ! ^w t1 w\ld greatly weak5 ! expression3 & s ?\ght our translators2 = no equival5t t]m is us$ 9 ! orig9al4 #aib ,z = ,butl]'s me?od ( p>s+ ^! words by always recogniz+ a n\n z be+ ,,und]/ood be=e !m1--a me?od by :i*1 accord+ to 8 publi%]s notice1 ,! ord9>y unphilosophical explanation ( ?is class ( words is disc>d$1 & a simple1 intelligible1 common-s5se view ( ! matt] n[ = ! fir/ "t sub/itut$1--,i "k n :at novelty !re is 9 x1 t is n also j s mu* error4 ,comp>e1 says he1 ^! two s5t5ces3 ',i saw :om ,i want$ to see2' ',i saw :at ,i want$ to see4 ,if :at 9 ! latt] is equival5t to t :i* or ! ?+ :i*1 :om1 9 ! =m] is equival5t to him :om1 or ! p]son :om4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,! =m] example be+ simply elliptical ( ! antec$5t1 he judges ! latt] to be s too2 & inf]s1 t :at is no?+ m ?an a relative pron\n1 & includes no?+ else4--,ib4 ,?is conclusion is n well drawn1 because ! two examples are n analog\s2 & :oev] ?us f9ds t :at is no?+ m ?an a relative1 ought also to f9d x is some?+ less1--a m]e adjective4 ,i saw ! p]son :om ,i want$ to see1 is a s5t5ce t c sc>cely sp>e ! antec$5t & reta9 ! s5se2 ,i saw :at ,i want$ to see1 is "o :i* _c receive an antec$5t1 )\t *ang+ bo? ! s5se & ! con/ruction4 ,"o may say1 ,i saw :at ?+s ,i want$ to see2 b ?is1 9 /ead ( giv+ :at an antec$5t1 makes x an adjective1 :ile x reta9s ! =ce ( a relative4 ,or he may ins]t a n\n be=e :at1 agreeably to ! solution ( ,butl]2 z1 ,i saw ! ?+s1 :at ,i want$ to see3 or1 if he please1 bo? be=e & aft]2 z1 ,i saw ! ?+s1 :at ?+s ,i want$ to see4 ,b /ill1 9 ei!r case1 :at is no simple relative2 = x "h seems equival5t to ! phrase1 s _m z4 ,or1 aga91 he may omit ! comma1 & say1 ,i saw ! ?+ :at ,i want$ to see2 b ?is1 if x be n a vulg>ism1 w only mean1 ,i saw ! ?+ to be :at ,i want$ to see4 ,s t ?is me?od ( p>s+ ! pron\n :at1 is manife/ly no improvem5t1 b r a p]v]sion & mis9t]pretation4 ,b1 = fur!r pro( ( 8 position1 ,butl] adduces in/ances ( :at he calls ! relative ,,t ) ! antec$5t omitt$4 ,a few examples ( ?is1 he says1 w help u to asc]ta9 ! nature ( :at4 ',we speak t we d "k1' ,bible4 ,john1 iii1 #aa4 ',i am t ,i am4' ,bible4 ,exod41 iii1 #ad4 ',es*ewe t wick$ is4' ,g[]4 ',is x possible he %\ld "k :at he is1 & be t he is8' ,%akespe>e4 ',ga!r ! sequel by t w5t be=e4' ,id4 ,9 ^! examples1 cont9ues he1 t is a relative2 & is exactly synonym\s ) :at4 ,no "o w\ld cont5d t t /&s = itself & its antec$5t at ! same "t4 ,! antec$5t is omitt$1 because x is indef9ite1 ,,or ,,easily ,,suppli$4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #eb2 ,bullions's ,analytical & ,practical ,gram41 p4 #bcc4 ,conv]t$ at 8 wise/ age1 by ^! false argum5ts1 s z to r5\nce & ga9say ! doctr9e taught almo/ univ]sally1 & hi!rto spread indu/ri\sly by himself1 9 ! words ( ,l5nie1 t1 ,:at is a comp\nd relative1 includ+ bo? ! relative & ! antec$5t1 ,dr4 ,bullions n[ mo/ absurdly urges1 t1 ,! tru? is1 :at is a simple relative1 hav+1 :]ev] us$1 l all o!r relatives1 ,,b ,,"o ,,case2 b 99 99 99 t x always ref]s to a g5]al antec$5t1 omitt$1 ,,b ,,easily ,,suppli$ by ! m9d1 ?\gh n ,,und]/ood1 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( t expression4--,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram4 ( #ahdi1 p4 #ea4 ,accord+ly1 ?\gh he diff]s f ,butl] ab\t ?is matt] ( ! ord9>y s5se1 he cites ! =ego+ sugge/ions ( ?is au?or1 ) ! foll[+ complim5t3 ,^! rem>ks appe> to me j1 & conclusive on ?is po9t4--,ib41 p4 #bcc4 ,b !re mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be _m to :on !y w appe> f> o!rwise4 ,^! elliptical uses ( t are all ( !m bad or que/ionable ,engli%2 because1 ! ellipsis be+ su* z may be suppli$ 9 two or ?ree diff]5t ways1 ! true con/ruction is d\btful1 ! true mean+ n exactly det]m9$ by ! words4 ,x is q z easy & natural to take t to be "h a demon/rative t]m1 hav+ ! relative :i* und]/ood aft] x1 z to suppose x a relative1 ) an antec$5t to be suppli$ be=e x4 ,s9ce !re w\ld n be ! same unc]ta9ty1 if :at 7 9 ^! cases sub/itut$ = t1 x is evid5t t ! t]ms are n exactly synonym\s2 b1 ev5 if !y 7 s1 exact synonymy w\ld n ev9ce a sam5ess ( con/ruction4 #aic ,see ?is errone\s doctr9e 9 ,kirkham's ,gramm>1 p4 #aab2 9 ,wells's1 p4 #gd2 9 ,sanborn's1 p4 #ga1 p4 #if1 & p4 #agg2 9 ,coop]'s1 p4 #ch2 9 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's1 p4 #gj4 ,^! writ]s %[ a great fondness = ?is complex mode ( p>s+4 ,b1 9 fact1 no pron\n1 n ev5 ! ^w :at1 has any d\ble con/ruction ( cases f a real or absolute necessity2 b m]ely because1 ! n\n be+ suppress$1 yet hav+ a repres5tative1 we *oose r to und]/& & p>se its repres5tative d\bly1 ?an to supply ! ellipsis4 ,no pron\n includes bo? ! antec$5t & ! relative1 by virtue ( its own composition1 or ( its own d]ivation1 z a ^w4 ,no pron\n c prop]ly be call$ comp\nd m]ely because x has a d\ble con/ruction1 & is equival5t to two o!r words4 ,^! positions1 if true1 z ,i am sure !y are1 w refute sundry ass]tions t are conta9$ 9 ! above-nam$ gramm>s4 #aid ,"h ! demon/rative ^w t1 z well z ! phrase t matt]1 :i* ,i =m to expla9 its con/ruction1 unque/ionably ref]s back to ,judas's confession1 t he _h s9n$2 b /ill1 z ! ^w has n ! connect+ p[] ( a relative pron\n1 its true "* is t ( an adjective1 & n t ( a pron\n4 ,?is pronom9al adjective is v (t5 mix$ ) "s su* ellipsis1 & t to repeat ! import ( v>i\s k9ds ( words & phrases3 z1 ,god %all help h]1 & t "r e>ly4--,psal41 xlvi1 #e4 ,nay1 ye d wrong1 & defraud1 & t y\r bre?r54--l ,cor41 vi1 #h4 ,i'll "k y\r bus9ess1 t ,i w4--,%akespe>e4 #aie ,dr4 ,bullions has und]tak5 to prove1 ,t ! ^w ,,z %\ld n be consid]$ a relative 9 any circum/ances4 ,! =ce ( 8 five great argum5ts to ?is end1 ! read] may well conceive (1 :5 he has comp>$ ! foll[+ "o ) :at is %[n 9 ! #bb;d & #bc;d obs]vations above3 #c4 ,z c nev] be us$ z a sub/itute = ano!r relative pron\n1 nor ano!r relative pron\n z a sub/itute = x4 ,if1 !n1 x is a relative pron\n1 x is1 to say ! lea/1 a v unaccommodat+ "o4--,bullions's ,analytical & ,practical ,gram4 ( #ahdi1 p4 #bcc4 #aif ,! latt] "p ( ?is awkw>d & complex rule 0 copi$ f ,l[?'s ,gramm>1 p4 #aja4 ,dr4 ,a%'s rule is1 ,pron\ns mu/ always agree ) ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 or to :i* !y ref]1 9 ,numb]1 p]son1 & g5d]4--,grammatical ,in/itutes1 p4 #ed4 ,i quote ?is exactly z x /&s 9 ! book3 ! ,italics are 81 n m9e4 ,roswell ,c4 ,smi? appe>s to be ignorant ( ! *ange :i* ,murray made 9 8 fif? rule3 = he /ill publi%es z ,murray's a pr9ciple ( concord :i* ! latt] reject$ z e>ly z #ahjf3 ,,rule ,v4 ,correspond+ ) ,murray's ,gramm>1 ,,rule ,v4 ,pron\ns mu/ agree ) ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 9 g5d]1 numb]1 ,,& ,,p]son4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #acj4 ,s ,all5 ,fisk1 9 8 ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm> ,simplifi$1 p4 #aaa2 ,a>on ,m4 ,m]*ant1 9 8 ,abridgm5t ( ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,revis$1 ,enl>g$ & ,improv$1 p4 #gi2 & ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,coop]1 9 8 ,abridgm5t ( ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #aac2 :]e1 f ! titles1 e read] w\ld expect to f9d ! late/ doctr9es ( ,murray1 & n :at he _h s long ago r5\nc$ or *ang$4 #aig ,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ea2 #abmo1 #ea2 #ahmo1 #bb2 ,d4 ,adams's1 #cg2 ,alg]'s1 #ba2 ,bacon's1 #ai2 ,fisk's1 #bj2 ,kirkham's1 #ag2 ,m]*ant's ,murray1 #ce2 ,m]*ant's ,am]ican ,gram41 #dj2 ,f4 ,h4 ,mill]'s ,gram41 #bf2 ,pond's1 #bh2 ,s4 ,putnam's1 #bb2 ,russell's1 #af2 ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s1 #bb4 #aih ,dr4 ,crombie1 & "s o!rs1 repres5t ,i & ?\1 ) _! inflections1 z be+ mascul9e & fem99e4 ,l5nie1 ,m',cullo*1 & o!rs1 repres5t !m z be+ mascul9e or fem99e4 ,b1 if ei!r ( !m c h an antec$5t t is neut]1 nei!r ( ^! views is /rictly correct4 7,see ,obs4 #e?1 above47 ,mack9to% says1 ,we use our1 y\r1 _!1 9 speak+ ( a ?+ or ?+s belong+ to plural n\ns ( any g5d]4--,essay on ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #adi4 ,s ,william ,b>nes says1 ,i1 ?\1 we1 ye or y1 & !y1 are ( all g5d]s1-- ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aif4 #aii ,x is p]fectly pla91 !n1 t my & m9e are b diff]5t =ms ( ! same ^w1 z are a & an4 ,m9e1 = ! sake ( euphony1 or f cu/om1 /&s = ! possessive case )\t a n\n2 b mu/ be *ang$ = my :5 ! n\n is express$3 & my1 = a simil> reason1 /&s be=e a n\n1 b mu/ be *ang$ = m9e :5 ! n\n is dropp$4 99 99 99 ,m9e & my1 ?9e & ?y1 w1 !re=e1 be consid]$ 9 ?is book1 z diff]5t =ms ( ! possessive case f ,i & ,?\4 ,& ! same rule w be ext5d$ to h] & h]s1 our & ours1 y\r & y\rs1 _! & !irs4--,b>n>d's ,analytic ,gramm>1 p4 #adb4 #bjj ,x has long be5 fa%ionable1 9 ! ord9>y int]c\rse ( ! _w1 to sub/itute ! plural =m ( ?is pron\n = ! s+ul> ?r\gh all ! cases4 ,?us1 by ! figure ,,enallage1 y are1 = in/ance1 is commonly put = ?\ art4 ,see ,obs]vations #bj? & #ba/1 bel[2 also ,figures ( ,syntax1 9 ,"p ,,iv4 #bja ,! orig9al nom9ative 0 ye1 :i* is /ill ! only nom9ative ( ! solemn /yle2 & ! orig9al objective 0 y1 :i* is /ill ! only objective t our gramm>ians 9 g5]al ackn[l$ge4 ,b1 :e!r grammatical or n1 ye is n[ v (t5 us$1 9 a famili> way1 = ! objective case4 7,see ,obs]vations #bb;d & #bc;d1 ^u ! decl5sions ( pron\ns47 ,t4 ,dilwor? gave bo? cases alike3 ,nom4 ,ye or y2 ,acc4 or ,obj4 ,ye or y4--,8 ,new ,guide1 p4 #ih4 ,la?am gives ^! =ms3 ,nom4 ye or y2 ,obj4 y or ye4--,elem5t>y ,gram41 p4 #ij4 ,dr4 ,campbell says1 ,i am incl9$ to pref] t use :i* makes ye inv>iably ! nom9ative plural ( ! p]sonal pron\n ?\1 & y ! accusative1 :5 appli$ to an actual plurality4--,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #agd4 ,pr(essor ,f[l] t\*es ! case1 r bl9dly1 ?us3 ,in/ead ( ! true nom9ative ,,ye1 we use1 ) few exceptions1 ! objective case2 z1 ',,y speak2' ',,y two are speak+4' ,9 ?is we sub/itute "o case = ano!r4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #dgh4 ,no o!r gramm>ian1 h[ev]1 disc>ds y z a nom9ative ( actual plurality2 & ! pres5t casual practice ( putt+ ye 9 ! objective1 has prevail$ to "s ext5t = at lea/ two c5turies3 z1 ,y\r *ange approa*es1 :5 all ^! delights ,w vani% & deliv] ye to woe4 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ,b4 iv1 l4 #cfg4 #bjb ,dr4 ,"y has1 9 "o in/ance1 & ) v d\btful propriety1 conv]t$ ?is pron\n into ! second p]son1 by address+ himself ?us3-- ,o ?\1 myself ,i abroad our c\nsels roam ,&1 l ill husb&s1 take no c>e at home4 --,love ( ,fame1 ,sat4 ,,ii1 l4 #bga4 #bjc ,! fa%ion ( us+ ! plural numb] = ! s+ul>1 or y = ?\1 has also sub/itut$ y\rself = ?yself1 9 common disc\rse4 ,9 poetry1 9 pray]1 9 ,scripture1 & 9 ! famili> language ( ! ,fri5ds1 ! orig9al comp\nd is /ill reta9$2 b ! poets use ei!r t]m1 accord+ to ! gravity or ! lightness ( _! /yle4 ,b y\rself1 l ! regal comp\nd ourself1 ?\gh app>5tly ( ! s+ul> numb]1 & always appli$ to "o p]son only1 is1 9 its v nature1 an anomal\s & ungrammatical ^w2 = x c nei!r mean m ?an "o1 nor agree ) a pron\n or a v]b t is s+ul>4 ,swift inde$ wrote3 ,conv]sation is b c>v+2 c>ve = all1 y\rself is />v+4 ,b he wrote errone\sly1 & 8 mean+ is d\btful3 probably he meant1 ,to c>ve = all1 is1 to />ve y\rself4 ,! comp\nd p]sonals1 :5 !y are nom9atives be=e ! v]b1 are commonly associat$ ) ! simple2 z1 ,i myself also am a man4--,acts1 x1 #af4 ,t ?\ ?yself art a guide4--,rom41 ii1 #ai4 ,if x /&1 z y y\rself /ill d--,%akspe>e4 ,t y y\rself are mu* condemn$4--,id4 ,&1 if ! simple pron\n be omitt$1 ! comp\nd /ill requires ! same =m ( ! v]b2 z1 ,:i* way ,i fly is ,hell2 myself am ,hell4--,milton4 ,! foll[+ example is diff]5t3 ,i love mank9d2 & 9 a mon>*y myself is all t ,i c love4--,life ( ,s*ill]1 ,foll5's ,pref41 p4 x4 ,dr4 ,foll5 objects to ! ,briti% v]sion1 ,myself 7 all t ,i c\ld love2 &1 if 8 own is good ,engli%1 ! v]b is agrees ) all1 & n ) myself4 ,is is ( ! ?ird p]son3 h5ce1 myself is or1 y\rself is1 _c be good syntax2 nor does any "o say1 y\rself art1 or1 ourself am1 b r1 y\rself are3 z1 ,capta91 y\rself are ! fitte/4--,dryd54 ,b to call ?is a concord1 is to turn a ?ird "p ( ! language upsid$[n2 because1 by analogy1 x conf\nds1 to su* ext5t at lea/1 ! plural numb] ) ! s+ul> ?r\gh all our v]bs2 t is1 if ourself & y\rself are s+ul>s1 & n r plurals put = s+ul>s by a figure ( syntax4 ,b ! words are1 9 "s few in/ances1 writt5 sep>ately2 & !n bo? ! mean+ & ! con/ruction are diff]5t2 z1 ,y\r self is sacr$1 pr(ane x n4--,! ,dial1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #hf4 ,p]haps ! ^w myself above ought r to h be5 two words2 ?us1 ,&1 9 a mon>*y1 my self is all t ,i c love4 ,! two words "h diff] 9 p]son & case1 p]haps also 9 g5d]2 &1 9 ! prec$+ in/ance1 !y diff] 9 p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 & case4 ,b ! comp\nd always foll[s ! p]son1 numb]1 & g5d] ( its fir/ "p1 & only ! case ( its la/4 ,! notion ( "s gramm>ians1 7to wit1 ( ,wells1 & ! sixty-eight o!rs :om he cites = x17 t y & y\r are actually made s+ul> by usage1 is demon/rably untrue4 ,d we1 our1 & u1 become actually s+ul>1 z (t5 z a k+ or a critic applies !m to himself8 ,no3 = no?+ c be worse syntax ?an1 we am1 we 01 or y 01 ?\gh "s cont5d = ?is la/ con/ruction4 #bjd ,^: is sometimes us$ z ! possessive case ( :i*2 z1 ,a religion ^: orig9 is div9e4--,blair4 ,see ,obs]vations #d? & #e?1 on ! ,classes ( ,pron\ns4 #bje ,aft] b1 z 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ! d\ble relative :at is sometimes appli$ to p]sons2 & x is "h equival5t to ! fri5d :o3-- ,lor5zo1 pride repress2 nor hope to f9d ,a fri5d1 b :at has f\nd a fri5d 9 !e4--,"y4 #bjf ,( all ^! comp\nds4 ,l4 ,murray v improp]ly says1 ,!y are seldom us$1 9 mod]n /yle4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #ed2 also ,fisk's1 p4 #fe4 ,none ( !m are yet obsolete1 ?\gh ! %ort] =ms seem to be n[ g5]ally pref]r$4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ion ( ,cobbett's is errone\s2 because x implies t ! %ort] =ms are innovations & faults2 & because ! au?or c>elessly speaks ( !m z "o ?+ only3 ,we sometimes omit ! s1 & say1 :oev]1 :omev]1 :atev]1 & ev5 :osev]4 ,x is a m]e abbreviation4 ,! s is und]/ood3 &1 x is be/ n to omit to write x4--,eng4 ,gram41 #bji4 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi? dismisses ! comp\nd relatives ) ?ree l9es2 & ^! he closes ) ! foll[+ notion3 ,!y are n (t5 us$6--,new ,gram41 p4 #fa4 #bjg ,sanborn1 ) /range ignorance ( ! hi/ory ( ^? words1 tea*es ?us3 ,m9e & ?9e appe> to h be5 =m$ f my & ?y by *ang+ y into i & add+ n1 & !n subjo9+ e to reta9 ! long s\nd ( ! v[el4--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #ib4 ,?is false notion1 z we le>n f 8 guillemets & a rem>k 9 8 preface1 he borr[$ f ,p>khur/'s ,sy/ematic ,introduction4 ,dr4 ,l[? says1 ,! ,saxon ,ic ha? ! possessive case ,m92 ,?u1 possessive ,?92 ,he1 possessive ,83 ,f :i* our possessive cases ( ! same pron\ns are tak5 )\t alt]ation4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #bc4 #bjh ,la?am1 ) a s+ul>ity q rem>kable1 rev]ses ?is doctr9e 9 respect to ! two classes1 & says1 ,my1 ?y1 our1 y\r1 h]1 & _! signify possession1 because !y are possessive cases4 99 99 99 ,m9e1 ?9e1 ours1 y\rs1 h]s1 !irs1 signify possession = a diff]5t reason4 ,!y p>take ( ! nature ( adjectives1 & 9 all ! alli$ languages are decl9$ z su*4--,la?am's ,elem5t>y ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,weld1 l ,wells1 ) a few m ^: doctr9e w be criticis$ by-&-by1 adopt+ "h an o!r odd op9ion1 takes ! =m] class only = =ms ( ! possessive case2 ! latt] he disposes ( ?us3 ,ours1 y\rs1 !irs1 h]s1 & g5]ally m9e & ?9e1 are ,,possessive ,,pron\ns1 us$ 9 ei!r ! nom9ative or objective case1--,weld's ,gram41 ,improv$ ,ed41 p4 #fh4 ,n only d5y+ ! possessives ) ellipsis to be in/ances ( ! possessive case1 b /upidly mi/ak+ at once two dissimil> ?+s = a ?ird :i* is totally unlike to ei!r1--i4 e41 assum+ toge!r = sub/itution bo? an ellipsis ( "o ^w & an equival5ce to two--7z "s o!rs m le>n$ h v /rangely done--7 he supposes all ?is class ( pron\ns to h =sak5 e prop]ty ( _! legitimate roots1--_! p]son1 _! numb]1 _! g5d]1 _! case1--& to h assum$ o!r prop]ties1 su* z belong to ! ?+ possess$6 ,9 ! example1 ,y\r h\se is on ! pla91 ours is on ! hill1 he supposes ours to be ( ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 neut] g5d]1 & nom9ative case2 & n1 z x pla9ly is1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 plural numb]1 mascul9e g5d]1 & possessive case4 ,su* p>s+ %\ld condemn =ev] any book t tea*es x4 #bji ,?is ^w %\ld h be5 num]als1 = two or ?ree reasons4 ,! au?or speaks ( ! num]al adjectives2 & to say ! numb]s mu/ agree 9 numb] ) _! sub/antives1 is tautological--,g4 ,br[n4 #baj ,c>dell assails ! common doctr9e ( ! gramm>ians on ?is po9t1 ) simil> ass]tions1 & /ill m e>ne/ness4 ,see 8 ,essay on ,language1 p4 #hj4 ,! notion t ^! pret5d$ possessives are uni=mly us$ z nom9atives or objectives--?\gh demon/rably absurd1 & confess$ly repugnant to :at is usually consid]$ to be _! true explanation--0 adopt$ by ,jaudon1 9 #ahab2 & has rec5tly f\nd sev]al new advocates2 among :om are ,davis1 ,fel*1 ,good5[1 ,haz51 ,sm>t1 ,weld1 & ,wells4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 mu* div]sity1 z well z mu* inaccuracy1 9 _! sev]al expositions ( ! matt]4 ,sm>t ins]ts 9 8 decl5sions1 z ! only =ms ( ! possessive case1 ! words ( :i* he aft]w>ds speaks ?us3 ,! foll[+ possessive cases ( ! p]sonal pron\ns1 7,see page vii17 mu/ be call$ ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns ,,possessive3 m9e1 ?9e1 81 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 !irs4 ,= ^! words are always us$ sub/antively1 s z to include ! mean+ ( "s n\n 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> or plural1 9 ! nom9ative or ! objective ease4 ,?us1 if we are speak+ ( books1 & say 1 ',m9e are "h1' m9e means my books1 ,fi/ & x mu/ be deem$ a p]sonal pron\n possessive 9 ! ?ird p]son plural1 & nom9ative to ! v]b are4--,sm>t's ,accid5ce1 p4 xxii4 ,if to say1 ^! possessive cases mu/ be call$ a class ( pron\ns1 us$ sub/antively1 & deem$ nom9atives or objectives1 is n absurd1 !n no?+ c be4 ,nor is any ?+ 9 gramm> m c]ta91 ?an t ! pron\n m9e c only be us$ by ! speak] or writ]1 to d5ote himself or h]self z ! own] ( some?+4 ,x is !re=e ( ! fir/ p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 mascul9e 7or fem99e7 g5d]1 & possessive case2 be+ gov]n$ by ! "n ( ! ?+ or ?+s possess$4 ,?is "n is1 ( c\rse1 always kn[n2 &1 if kn[n & n express$1 x is und]/ood4 ,= sometimes a ^w is repeat$ to ! m9d1 & cle>ly und]/ood1 :]e x _c prop]ly be express$2 z1 ,& he came & s\ght fruit !reon1 & f\nd none4--,luke1 xiii1 #f4 ,wells opposes ?is doctr9e1 cit+ a passage f ,web/]1 z above1 & also imitat+ 8 argum5t4 ,?is au?or ackn[l$ges ?ree classes ( pron\ns--p]sonal1 relative1 & int]rogative2 & !n1 exclud+ ^! words f _! true place among p]sonals ( ! possessive case1 absurdly makes !m a sup]num]>y class ( possessive nom9atives or objectives6 ,m9e1 ?9e1 81 ours1 y\rs1 & !irs1 are ,,possessive ,,pron\ns1 us$ 9 con/ruction ei!r z nom9atives or objectives2 z1 ',y\r pleasures are pa/1 m9e are to come4' ,"h ! ^w m9e1 :i* is us$ z a sub/itute = my pleasures1 is ! subject ( ! v]b are4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ga2 #aac ,ed41 p4 #gh4 ,n[ ! "q to f9d ! subject ( ! v]b are1 is1 ,my :at are to come8 ,ans4 pleasures4 ,b ! au?or proce$s to argue 9 a note ?us3 ,m9e1 ?9e1 etc4 are (t5 p>s$ z pron\ns 9 ! possessive case1 & gov]n$ by n\ns und]/ood4 ,?us1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',?is book is m9e1' ! ^w m9e is said to possess book4 ,t ! ^w book is n "h und]/ood1 is obvi\s f ! fact1 t1 :5 x is suppli$1 ! phrase becomes n 'm9e book1' b 'my book1' ! pron\n be+ *ang$ f m9e to my2 s t we are made1 by ?is practice1 to p>se m9e z possess+ a ^w und]/ood1 be=e :i* x _c prop]ly be us$4 ,! ^w m9e is "h evid5tly employ$ z a sub/itute = ! two words1 my & book4--,wells1 ibid4 ,?is note appe>s to me to be1 9 _m respects1 faulty4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 its :ole design 01 to disprove :at is true4 ,=1 bat+ ! m]e diff]5ce ( p]son1 ! au?or's example above is equal to ?is3 ,y\r pleasures are pa/1 ,w4 ,h4 ,wells's are to come4 ,! ellipsis ( pleasures1 is evid5t 9 bo?4 ,b ellipsis is n sub/itution2 no1 nor is equival5ce4 ,m9e1 :5 x sugge/s an ellipsis ( ! gov]n+ n\n1 is equival5t to my & t n\n2 b c]ta9ly1 n a sub/itute = ! two words4 ,x is a sub/itute1 or pron\n1 = ! "n ( ! speak] or writ]2 & s is my2 bo? =ms repres5t+1 & always agree+ )1 t "n or p]son only4 ,no possessive agrees ) :at gov]ns x2 b e pron\n ought to agree ) t = :i* x /&s4 ,secondly1 if ! note above cit$ does n av]1 9 its fir/ s5t5ce1 t ! pron\ns 9 "q are gov]n$ by n\ns und]/ood1 x comes mu* ne>] to say+ ?is1 ?an a writ] %\ld :o meant to d5y x4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 ! example1 ,?is book is m9e1 is n a good "o = its purpose4 ,! ^w m9e may be regul>ly p>s$ z a possessive1 )\t suppos+ any ellipsis2 = book1 ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$1 is giv51 & 9 obvi\s connexion ) x4 ,& fur!r1 ! matt] affirm$ is own]%ip1 requir+ diff]5t cases2 & n ! id5tity ( some?+ "u diff]5t names1 :i* mu/ be put 9 ! same case4 ,9 ! f\r? place1 to mi/ake regim5 = possession1 & !nce speak ( "o ^w z possess+ an o!r1 a mode ( expression occurr+ twice 9 ! =ego+ note1 is n only uns*ol>like1 b positively absurd4 ,b1 possibly1 ! au?or may h meant by x1 to ridicule ! *oice phraseology ( ! foll[+ ,rule3 ,a n\n or pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 is gov]n$ by ! n\n x possesses4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aha2 ,frazee's1 #ahdd1 p4 #be4 #baa ,9 respect to ! numb]s1 ! foll[+ text is an unc\? exception3 ,pass ye away1 ?\ inhabitant ( ,saphir4--,micah1 i1 #aa4 ,! s+ul> & ! plural are "h /rangely conf\nd$4 ,p]haps ! read+ %\ld be1 ,pass ?\ away1 ,o inhabitant ( ,saphir4 ,nor is ! ,bible free f abrupt transitions f "o numb] to ! o!r1 or f "o p]son to an o!r1 :i* are nei!r agreeable nor /rictly grammatical2 z1 ,bre?r51 if a man be ov]tak5 9 a fault1 ye :i* :o are spiritual1 re/ore su* an a "o 9 ! _s ( meekness2 consid]+ ?yself1 le/ ?\ also be tempt$4--,gal41 vi1 #a4 ,ye t put f> away ! evil day1 & cause ! seat ( viol5ce to come ne>2 t lie ^u b$s ( ivory1 & /ret* !mselves ^u _! c\*es1 c--,amos1 vi1 #i4 #bab ,! solemn /yle is us$1 *iefly1 9 ! ,bible & 9 pray]4 ,! ,society ( ,fri5ds reta9 x 9 common p>lance4 ,x consi/s 9 us+ ?\ 9 ! s+ul> numb]1 & ye 9 ! plural1 in/ead ( us+ y 9 bo? numb]s z 9 ! famili> /yle4 99 99 99 ,! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( v]bs ends ) ? or e?1 :i* affects only ! pres5t indicative1 & ha? ( ! p]fect4 ,! second p]son1 s+ul>1 ends ) /1 e/1 or t only4--,sanborn's ,gram41 p4 #eh4 ,9 ! solemn & poetic /yles1 m9e1 ?9e1 & ?y1 are us$2 & ,,?is is ! /yle adopt$ by ! ,fri5ds' society4 ,9 common disc\rse x appe>s v /iff & affect$4--,b>tlett's ,c4 ,s4 ,man'l1 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #gb4 #bac ,& ( ! ,hi/ory ( 8 be+ to/ 9 a ,blanket1 he sai?1 ',"h1 ,scribl]us1 ?\ lesse/ 9 :at ?\ ass]te/ conc]n+ ! blanket3 x 0 n a blanket1 b a rug4--,curlliad1 p4 #be4--,notes to ,pope's ,dunciad1 ,b4 ii1 v]se #c4 ,a vulg> idea solemnly express$1 is ludicr\s4 ,utt]$ 9 famili> t]ms1 x is simply vulg>3 z1 ,y lie1 ,scribl]us1 9 :at y say ab\t ! blanket4 #bad ,not)/&+ ^! v]bal mi/akes1 ! ,bible1 = ! size ( x1 is ! mo/ accurate grammatical composition t we h 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,! au?ority ( sev]al em95t gramm>ians might be adduc$ 9 support ( ?is ass]tion1 b x may be suffici5t to m5tion only t ( ,dr4 ,l[?1 :o says1 ',! pres5t translation ( ! ,bible1 is ! be/ /&>d ( ! ,engli% language4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #aff4 ,i rev]e ! ,bible va/ly too mu* to be pleas$ ) an imitation ( its peculi> /yle1 9 any man's ord9>y spee* or writ+4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #bae ,ye1 except 9 ! solemn /yle1 is obsolete2 b x is us$ 9 ! language ( trag$y1 to express contempt3 z1 ',:5 ye %all "k :at ,m>g>et kn[s1 ye may n be s ?ankful4' ,frankl94--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #eg4 ,! second p]son plural _h =m]ly ,,ye bo? 9 ! nom9ative & ! objective4 ,?is =m is n[ obsolete 9 ! objective1 & ne>ly obsolete 9 ! nom9ative4--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 #baf ,s has ,milton3-- ,to wa/e x all myself1 & leave ye none6 ,s dis9h]it$ h[ w\ld y bless me6--,p>4 ,lo/1 ,b4 x1 l4 #hbj4 #bag ,! ^w :at is a comp\nd ( two specify+ adjectives1 ea*1 ( c\rse1 ref]r+ to a n\n1 express$ or und]/ood4 ,x is equival5t to ! :i*2 t :i*2 :i* t2 or t t2 us$ also 9 ! plural4 ,at diff]5t p]iods1 & 9 diff]5t au?ors1 x appe>s 9 ! v>y+ =ms1 ?a qua1 qua ?a1 qu'?a1 qu?at1 quhat1 hwat1 & :at4 ,?is ^w is f\nd 9 o!r =ms2 b x is ne$less to multiply !m4--,c>dell's ,essay on ,language1 p4 #hf4 #bah ,?is au?or's di/ribution ( ! pron\ns1 ( :i* ,i h tak5 "s notice 9 ,obs4 #aj? above1 is rem>kable = its inconsi/5cies & absurdities4 ,fir/ he av]s1 ,pron\ns are g5]ally divid$ into ?ree k9ds1 ! ,p]sonal1 ! ,adjective1 & ! ,relative pron\ns4 ,!y are all kn[n by ! li/s4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,^! %ort s5t5ces are f> f be+ accurate1 cle>1 or true4 ,he %\ld h made ! sev]al k9ds kn[n1 by a good def9ition ( ea*4 ,b ?is 0 "w to :i* he did n f9d himself adequate4 ,& if we look to 8 li/s = ! p>ticul> words ( ea* k9d1 we %all get little satisfaction4 ,( ! ,p]sonal pron\ns1 he says1 ,!re are five ( !m2 ,i1 ?\1 he1 %e1 x4--,ib41 p4 #ig4 ,^! are simple words1 & 9 _! decl5sion !y are prop]ly multipli$ to =ty4 7,see ,ib41 p4 #ii47 ,next he seems to d\ble ! numb]1 ?us3 ,:5 self is add$ to ! p]sonal pron\ns1 z himself1 myself1 itself1 !mselves1 c4 !y are call$ ,comp\nd ,p]sonal ,pron\ns4--,ib41 p4 #ii4 ,!n he ass]ts t m9e1 ?9e1 81 h]s1 ours1 y\rs1 & !irs1 are comp\nds ( ne or s ) mi1 ?i1 hi1 c43 t _! application inv>iably gives !m a comp\nd "*3 & t1 ,!y may1 !re=e1 be prop]ly d5om9at$ ,comp\nd ,p]sonal ,pron\ns4--,ib41 p4 #aja4 ,next he comes to 8 ,adjective pron\ns2 &1 aft] prov+ t he has grossly misplac$ & misnam$ e "o ( !m1 he gives 8 li/s ( ! ?ree k9ds ( ^!4 ,8 ,relative pron\ns are :o1 :i*1 & t4 ,:at is g5]ally a comp\nd relative4--,ib41 p4 #aaa4 ,! comp\nds ( :o1 :i*1 & :at1 ) ev] or soev]1 he calls comp\nd pron\ns1 b n comp\nd relatives4--,ib41 pp4 #aaj & #aab4 ,la/ly he discov]s1 t1 ,tru? & simplicity h be5 %amefully neglect$ 9 ?is 8 ?ird section ( pron\ns2 t1 ,( ! words call$ 'relatives1' :o only is a pron\n1 & ?is is /rictly p]sonal2 t1 ,x ought to be class$ ) ! p]sonal pron\ns2 & t1 ,:i*1 t1 & :at1 are always adjectives4 ,!y nev] /& =1 b always belong to n\ns1 ei!r express$ or impli$4--,ib41 p4 #aad4 ,:at admirable tea*+s are ^!6 #bai ,x is n[ prop] to give "s examples ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! le>n]s %\ld be ex]cis$1 9 ord] to improve _! k1 & to r5d] x famili> to !m4 ,?is is call$ p>s+4 ,! nature ( ! subject1 z well z ! adaptation ( x to le>n]s1 requires t x %\ld be divid$ into two p>ts3 viz4 p>s+1 z x respects etymology alone2 & p>s+1 z x respects bo? etymology & syntax4--,murray's ,gram41 ,octavo1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #bbe4 ,h[ v little real respect = ! op9ions ( ,murray1 has be5 ent]ta9$ by ^! self-seek+ magnifi]s & modifi]s ( 8 "w6 ,:at ,murray calls ,syntactical ,p>s+ is sometimes call$ ,con/ru+1 especially by ^? :o w h ,p>s+ to be no?+ m ?an an etymological ex]cise4 ,a late au?or says1 ,! practice ( ,con/ru+ diff]s f t ( p>s+1 9 ! ext5sion ( its objects4 ,p>s+ m]ely indicates ! p>ts ( spee* & _! accid5ts1 b con/ru+ se>*es = & po9ts out _! syntactical relations4--,d4 ,blair's ,gram41 p4 #di4 ,"h ! di/9ction :i* ,murray judg$ to be necess>y1 is /ill m /rongly m>k$ & insi/$ on4 ,& ?\gh ,i see no utility 9 re/rict+ ! ^w ,p>s+ to a m]e description ( ! p>ts ( spee* ) _! accid5ts1 & no impropriety 9 call+ ! latt] bran* ( ! ex]cise ,syntactical ,p>s+2 ,i _c b ?9k !re is su* a necessity = ! division1 z =ms a v grave argum5t aga9/ ^? tangl$ s*emes ( gramm> :i* d n admit ( x4 ,blair is grossly inconsi/5t ) himself4 ,=1 aft] draw+ 8 di/9ction betwe5 ,p>s+ & ,con/ru+1 z above1 he takes no fur!r notice ( ! latt]2 b1 hav+ fill$ up sev5 pages ) 8 mo/ wret*$ mode ( ,,p>s+1 adds1 9 an emphatic note3 ,! ,tea*] %\ld direct ! ,pupil to ,,con/rue1 ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,mann]1 any passage f ,,my ,,class-,,book1 or o!r ,"w1 at ! rate ( ?ree or f\r l9es p] day4--,d4 ,blair's ,gram41 p4 #ef4 #bbj ,?is is a comm5t ^u ! foll[+ quotation f ,milton1 :]e ,h]s = ,8 w\ld be a gross b>b>ism3-- ,%\ld int]mitt$ v5geance arm aga9 ,8 r$ "r h& to plague u4--,p>4 ,lo/1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #agd4 #bba ,! ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple1 :5 simple1 or :5 tak5 z "o ( ! f\r pr9cipal t]ms con/itut+ ! v]b or spr++ f x1 ends always 9 +4 ,b1 9 a subsequ5t *apt]1 ,i include "u ?is "n ! fir/ p>ticiple ( ! passive v]b2 & ?is1 9 our language1 is always a comp\nd1 & ! latt] t]m ( x does n end 9 +3 z1 ,9 all languages1 inde$1 examples are to be f\nd ( adjectives be+ comp>$ ^: signification admits nei!r int5sion nor remission4--,,crombie1 on ,etym4 & ,syntax1 p4 #ajf4 ,accord+ to mo/ ( our writ]s on ,engli% gramm>1 ! ,pres5t or ,imp]fect ,p>ticiple ,passive is always a comp\nd ( be+ & ! =m ( ! p]fect p>ticiple3 z1 be+ lov$1 be+ se54 ,b "s repres5t x to h two =ms1 "o ( :i* is always simple2 z1 ,,p]fect ,,passive1 obey$ or be+ obey$4--,sanborn's ,analytical ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,lov$ or be+ lov$4--,p>khur/'s ,gramm> = ,beg9n]s1 p4 #aa2 ,gre5e's ,analysis1 p4 #bbe4 ,lov$1 or1 be+ lov$4--,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #hc4 ,i "h concur ) ! majority1 :o 9 no in/ance take ! p>ticiple 9 ed or en1 alone1 = ! ,pres5t or ,imp]fect4 #bbb ,9 ! foll[+ example1 he & %e are conv]t$ into v]bs2 z ?\ sometimes is1 9 ! writ+s ( ,%akspe>e1 & o!rs3 ,is x n an impulse ( selfi%ness or ( a deprav$ nature to he & %e inanimate objects8--,cutl]'s ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #af4 ,dr4 ,bullions1 :o has h]et(ore publi%$ sev]al ( ! wor/ def9itions ( ! v]b any:]e extant1 has n[ p]haps "o ( ! be/3 ,a ,,v]b is a ^w us$ to express ! act1 be+1 or /ate ( its subject4 --,analyt4 ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,yet x is n v obvi\s1 t he & %e are "h v]bs "u ?is def9ition4 ,dr4 ,m&eville1 p]ceiv+ t ! usual def9itions ( ! v]b are extremely defective1 n long ago help$ ! s*ools to ! foll[+3 ,a v]b is a ^w :i* describes ! /ate or condition ( a n\n or pron\n 9 relation to "t1--,c\rse ( ,read+1 p4 #bd4 ,n[ x is pla91 t "u ?is def9ition too1 ,cutl]'s inf9itives1 to he & %e _c be v]bs2 &1 9 my op9ion1 v small is ! numb] ( words t c be4 ,no v]b describes ! /ate or condition ( a n\n or pron\n1 except 9 "s =m ( p>s+2 nor1 ev5 9 ?is sort ( ex]cise1 d ,i f9d any v]b :i* describes ! /ate or condition ( su* a ^w 9 relation to "t4 ,h5ce1 ,i c make ( ?is def9ition no?+ b nons5se4 ,aga9/ my def9ition ( a v]b1 ?is au?or urges1 t x excludes neut] v]bs1 expresses no relation to subject or "t1 & uses t]ms 9 a vague or contradictory s5se4--,ib41 p4 #be4 ,! fir/ & ! la/ ( ^! ?ree allegations d n appe> to be well f\nd$2 & ! second1 if inf9itives are v]bs1 indicates an excell5ce r ?an a fault4 ,! def9ition assumes t ! m9d z well z ! body may act or be act$ ^u4 ,= ?is cause1 ,dr4 ,m&eville1 :o _c conceive t to be lov$ is 9 any wise to be act$ ^u1 pron\nces x fatally defective6 ,8 argum5t is a little web ( sophi/ry1 n wor? unweav+ "h4 ,"o ( ! be/ s*ol>s cit$ 9 ! rev]5d ,doctor's book says1 ,( m5tal p[]s we h no conception1 b z c]ta9 capacities ( intellectual action4 ,& aga91 he asks1 ,:o c be consci\s ( judgm5t1 memory1 & reflection1 & d\bt t man 0 made to act6--,,ev]ett3 ,c\rse ( ,read+1 p4 #cbj4 #bbc ,dr4 ,johnson says1 ,engli% v]bs are active1 z ,i love2 or neut]1 z ,i langui%4 ,! neut]s are =m$ l ! actives4 ,! passive voice is =m$ by jo9+ ! p>ticiple pret]it to ! sub/antive v]b1 z ,i am lov$4 ,he also obs]ves1 ,mo/ v]bs signify+ action may likewise signify condition or habit1 & become neut]s2 z1 ,i love1 ,i am 9 love2 ,i /rike1 ,i am n[ /rik+4--,gram4 ) 8 ,qu>to ,dict41 p4 #g4 #bbd ,! doctr9e "h ref]r$ to1 appe>s 9 bo? works 9 ! v same words3 to wit1 ,engli% ,v]bs are ei!r ,active1 ,passive1 or ,neut]4 ,!re are two sorts ( ,active ,v]bs1 viz4 active-transitive & active-intransitive ,v]bs4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #aec2 ,bu*anan's1 #ef4 ,bu*anan 0 9 ?is case ! copyi/4 #bbe ,! di/9ction betwe5 v]bs absolutely neut]1 z to sleep1 & v]bs active intransitive1 z to walk1 ?\gh f\nd$ 9 ,,nature & ,,tru?1 is ( little use 9 gramm>4 ,inde$ x w\ld r p]plex ?an assi/ ! le>n]2 = ! diff]5ce betwe5 v]bs active & v]bs neut]1 z transitive & intransitive1 is easy & obvi\s2 b ! diff]5ce betwe5 v]bs absolutely neut] & ^? :i* are intransitively active is n always cle>4 ,b h[ev] ^! latt] may diff] 9 nature1 ! con/ruction ( !m bo? is ! same2 & gramm> is n s mu* conc]n$ ) _! real1 z ) _! grammatical prop]ties4--,l[?'s ,gram2 p4 #cj4 ,b are n ,,tru?1 ,,nature1 & ,,reality1 wor?y to be pref]r$ to any in/ructions t contradict !m8 ,if !y are1 ! good doctor & 8 wor?y copyi/ h "h made an ill *oice4 ,x is n only = ! sake ( ^! prop]ties1 t ,i reta9 a di/9ction :i* ^! gramm>ians1 & o!rs above nam$1 reject2 b = ! sake ( avoid+ ! untru?1 confusion1 & absurdity1 into :i* "o mu/ fall by call+ all active-intransitive v]bs neut]4 ,! di/9ction ( active v]bs1 z be+ ei!r transitive or intransitive1 is also necess>ily reta9$4 ,b ! sugge/ion1 t ?is di/9ction is m easy & obvi\s ?an ! o!r1 is altoge!r an error4 ,! really neut] v]bs1 be+ v few1 occasion little or no difficulty4 ,b v _m active v]bs1 p]haps a l>ge majority1 are sometimes us$ intransitively2 & ( ^? :i* our lexicograph]s record z be+ always transitive1 n a few are occasionally f\nd )\t any object1 ei!r express$ or cle>ly sugge/$3 z1 ,he conv9ces1 b he does n elevate nor animate1--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bdb4 ,! *ild imitates1 & commits to memory2 :il/ ! rip] age dige/s1 & ?9ks indep5d5tly4--,dr4 ,lieb]1 ,lit4 ,conv41 p4 #cac4 ,( examples l ^!1 ?ree diff]5t views maybe tak52 & x is v que/ionable :i* is ! "r "o3 ,fir/1 t ^! v]bs are "h intransitive1 ?\gh !y are n commonly s2 ,second1 t !y are transitive1 & h objects und]/ood2 ,?ird1 t !y are us$ improp]ly1 because no det]m9ate objects are giv5 !m4 ,if we assume ! second op9ion or ! la/1 ! full or ! correct expressions may be ^!3 ,he conv9ces ! judgem5t1 b he does n elevate ! imag9ation1 or animate ! feel+s4--,! *ild imitates o!rs1 & commits words to memory2 :il/ ! rip] age dige/s facts or tru?s1 & ?9ks indep5d5tly4 ,^! v]bs are "h transitive1 b are !y s above8 ,^? gramm>ians :o1 suppos+ no o!r di/9ction important1 make ( v]bs b two classes1 transitive & intransitive1 are /ill z mu* at v>iance1 & z mu* at fault1 z o!rs1 7& (t5 m s17 :5 !y come to draw ! l9e ( ?is di/9ction4 ,to require an objective1 to gov]n an objective1 to admit an objective1 & to h an objective1 are crit]ions consid]ably diff]5t4 ,!n x is que/ionable1 :e!r inf9itives1 p>ticiples1 or s5t5ces1 mu/ or c h ! effect ( objectives4 ,"o au?or says1 ,if a v]b has any objective case express$1 x is transitive3 if x has none1 x is intransitive4 ,v]bs :i* appe> transitive 9 _! nature1 may frequ5tly be us$ intransitively4-- ,*&l]'s ,old ,gram41 p4 #cb2 8 ,common ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #dh4 ,an o!r says1 ,a transitive v]b ass]ts action :i* does or c1 t]m9ate on "s object4--,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #bi4 ,an o!r av]s1 ,!re are two classes ( v]bs p]fectly di/9ct f ea* o!r1 viz3 ,^? :i* d1 & ^? :i* d n1 gov]n an objective case4 ,& 8 def9ition is1 ,a ,transitive ,v]b is "o :i* requires an objective case aft] x4--,h>t's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,bo? ,frazee & ,h>t reckon ! passive v]b transitive6 ,& ! latt] tea*es1 t1 ,transitive v]bs 9 ,engli%1 are sometimes us$ )\t an objective case2 z1 ,! apple ta/es sweet6--,h>t's ,gram41 p1 #gc4 #bbf ,9 ! h&s ( "s g5tlem51 ! ,pr9ciples ( ,lat9 ,gramm>1 & ! ,pr9ciples ( ,engli% ,gramm>1--are equally pliable1 or *angeable2 &1 :at is v rem>kable1 a comp>ison ( diff]5t editions w %[1 t ! fundam5tal doctr9es ( a :ole ,s]ies ( ,gramm>s1 ,engli%1 ,lat91 & ,greek1 may s *ange 9 a s+le lu/rum1 z to re/ ^u au?orities altoge!r diff]5t4 ,dr4 ,bullions's gramm>s1 a few ye>s ago1 l ^? ( 8 great oracles1 ,adam1 ,murray1 & ,l5nie1 divid$ v]bs into ?ree k9ds1 ,active1 ,passive1 & ,neut]4 ,n[ !y divide !m into two only1 ,transitive & ,intransitive2 & absurdly av]1 t ,v]bs 9 ! passive =m are really transitive z 9 ! active =m4--,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 #ahdc1 p4 #bjj4 ,n[1 z if no v]b c\ld be plural1 & no transitive act c\ld be future1 conditional1 9 progress1 or left undone1 !y def9e ?us3 ,a ,transitive v]b expresses an act done by "o p]son or ?+ to ano!r4--,ib41 p4 #bi2 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #fj2 ,lat9 ,gram41 #gg4 ,n[1 ! division :i* s lately z #ahdb 0 pron\nc$ by ! ,doctor to be m useful ?an any o!r1 & advantage\sly accordant ) mo/ diction>ies ( ! ,engli% language1 7see 8 ,f\r? ,edition1 p4 #cj17 is :olly reject$ f ?is notable ,s]ies4 ,n[1 ! vex$ "q ab\t ! classification ( v]bs1 :i*1 at "s revision /ill lat]1 drew f ?is au?or :ole pages ( weak argum5ts = 8 faulty *anges1 is complac5tly suppos$ to h be5 well settl$ 9 8 fav\r6 ,( ?is matt]1 n[1 9 #ahdi1 he speaks ?us3 ,! division ( v]bs into transitive & intransitive has be5 s g5]ally adopt$ & approv$ by ! be/ gramm>ians1 t any discussion ( ! subject is n[ unnecess>y4--,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ei4 #bbg ,?is late writ] seems to h publi%$ 8 doctr9e on ?is po9t z a novelty2 & sev]al tea*]s ignorantly receiv$ & admir$ x z su*3 ,i h briefly %[n1 9 ! ,introduction to ?is "w1 h[ easily !y 7 deceiv$4 ,by ?is1 t ,"q may be resolv'd1 :e!r e ,v]b n ,passive gov]ns always an ,accusative1 at lea/ und]/ood3 ',tis ! ,op9ion ( "s v able ,,gramm>ians1 b = our ,p>ts we don't ?9k x4--,gramm> publi%$ by ,john ,brightl&1 #g? ,ed41 ,london1 #agdf1 p4 #aae4 #bbh ,^u ?is po9t1 ,ri*>d ,johnson cites & criticises ,lily's sy/em ?us3 ',a ,v]b ,neut] ende? 9 o or m1 & _c take r to make him a ,passive2 z1 ,curro1 ,i run2 ,sum1 ,i am4'--,gramm>1 ,eng4 p4 #ac4 ,?is ,def9ition1 is f\nd$ ^u ! ,notion abovem5tion$1 viz4 ,t none b ,transitives are ,v]bs ,active1 :i* is contr>y to ! reason ( ,?+s1 & ! common s5se ( ,mank9d4 ,& :at c %ock a ,*ild m1 ( any ,+5uity1 ?an to be told1 ,t ,ambuto & ,curro are ,v]bs ,neut]2 t is1 to speak accord+ to ! common ,appreh5sions ( ,mank9d1 t !y signifie nei!r to d1 nor suff]4--,johnson's ,grammatical ,comm5t>ies1 #hvo1 ,london1 #agjf1 p4 #bgc4 #bbi ,murray says1 ,mood or ,mode is a p>ticul> =m ( ! v]b1 %[+ ! mann] 9 :i* ! be+1 action1 or passion is repres5t$4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #fc4 ,by _m gramm>ians1 ! t]m ,mode is pref]r$ to ,mood2 b ! latt] is1 = ?is use1 ! m di/9ctive1 & by f> ! m common ^w4 ,9 "s treatises on gramm>1 z well z 9 books ( logic1 c]ta9 p>ts ( spee*1 z adjectives & adv]bs1 are call$ ,modes1 because !y qualify or modify o!r t]ms4 ,e4g41 ,?us all ! p>ts ( spee* are r$ucible to f\r2 viz41 ,names1 ,v]bs1 ,modes1 ,connectives4--,enclytica1 or ,univ]sal ,gram41 p4 #h4 ,modes are naturally divid$1 by _! attribution to names or v]bs1 into adnames & adv]bs4--,ibid41 p4 #bd4 ,aft] mak+ ?is application ( ! "n modes1 0 x n improp] = ! le>n$ au?or to call ! moods also modes8 #bcj ,we h1 9 ,engli%1 no g5u9e subjunctive mood1 except ! pret]imp]fect1 if ,i 71 if ?\ w]t1 c4 ( ! v]b to be4 ,see ,notes & ,obs]vations on ! ,?ird ,example ( ,conjugation1 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! phrase t]m$ ! subjunctive mood1 is elliptical2 %all1 may1 c4 be+ und]/ood3 z1 ',?\gh h& 7%all7 jo9 9 h&1 ! wick$ %all n be unpuni%$4' ',if x 7may7 be possible1 live peaceably ) all4' ,scriptures4--,rev4 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #fa4 ,su* expressions z1 ,if ?\ d love1 ,if he d love1 appe> to disprove ?is doctr9e4 ,see ,notes & ,rem>ks on ! ,subjunctive ( ! ,fir/ ,example conjugat$ bel[4 #bca ,mr4 ,murray has *ang$ 8 op9ion1 z (t5 z ,laban *ang$ ,jacob's wages4 ,9 ! edition we pr9t f1 we f9d %all & w us$ 9 ea* p]son ( ! fir/ & second future t5ses ( ! subjunctive1 b he n[ /ates t 9 ! second future t5se1 %alt1 %all1 %\ld be us$ in/ead ( wilt1 w4 ,p]haps ?is is ! only improvem5t he has made 9 8 ,gramm> s9ce #agif4--,rev4 ,t4 ,smi?'s ,edition ( ,l9dley ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #fg4 #bcb ,not)/&+ ?is expression1 ,murray did n tea*1 z d _m mod]n gramm>ians1 t inflect$ =ms ( ! pres5t t5se1 su* z1 ,if he ?9ks s1 ,unless he deceives me1 ,if ?\ lov'/ me1 are ( ! subjunctive mood2 ?\gh1 :5 he reject$ 8 *angeless =ms ( ! o!r t5ses ( ?is mood1 he improp]ly put z _m indicatives 9 _! places4 ,) him1 & 8 num]\s foll[]s1 ! end+ det]m9es ! mood 9 "o t5se1 :ile ! conjunction controls x 9 ! o!r five6 ,9 8 syntax1 he argues1 t 9 cases :]e9 cont+5cy & futurity d n occur1 x is n prop] to turn ! v]b f its signification ( pres5t "t1 nor to v>y he means1 or to =be> to *ange its =m or t]m9ation4 ,fi/ ,! v]b w\ld !n be 9 ! indicative mood1 :atev] conjunctions might att5d x4--,l4 ,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bjh3 #abmo1 p4 #afg4 #bcc ,"s gramm>ians--7among :om are ,l[?1 ,dalton1 ,cobbett1 & ,c>dell--7 recognize only ?ree t5ses1 or times1 ( ,engli% v]bs2 namely1 ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 & ! future4 ,a few1 l ,la?am & ,*ild1 d5y+ all ! comp\nd t5ses to be t5ses1 ackn[l$ge only ! fir/ two1 ! pres5t & ! pa/2 & ^! !y w h to consi/ only ( ! simple or radical v]b & ! simple pret]it4 ,"s o!rs1 :o ackn[l$ge six t5ses1 su* z are above describ$1 h endeav\r$ ( late to *ange ! names ( a majority ( !m2 ?\gh ) too little agreem5t among !mselves1 z may be se5 by ! foll[+ citations3 7#a47 ,we h six t5ses2 ?ree1 ! ,pres5t1 ,pa/1 & ,future1 to repres5t "t 9 a g5]al way2 & ?ree1 ! ,pres5t ,p]fect1 ,pa/ ,p]fect1 & ,future ,p]fect1 to repres5t ! precise "t ( f9i%+ ! action4--,p]ley's ,gram41 #ahcd1 p4 #be4 7#b47 ,!re are six t5ses2 ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 ! pres5t-p]fect1 ! pa/-p]fect1 ! future1 & ! future-p]fect4--,hiley's ,gram41 #ahdj1 p4 #bh4 7#c47 ,!re are six t5ses2 ! ,pres5t & ,pres5t ,p]fect1 ! ,pa/ & ,pa/ ,p]fect1 & ! ,future & ,future ,p]fect4--,f>num's ,gram41 #ahdb1 p4 #cd4 7#d47 ,! names ( ! t5ses w !n be1 ,pres5t1 ,pres5t ,p]fect2 ,pa/1 ,pa/ ,p]fect2 ,future1 ,future ,p]fect4 ,!y are usually nam$ z foll[s3 ,pres5t1 ,p]fect1 ,imp]fect1 ,plup]fect1 ,future1 ,second ,future4--,n4 ,butl]'s ,gram1 #ahde1 p4 #fi4 7#e47 ,we h six t5ses2--! pres5t1 ! pa/1 ! future1 ! pres5t p]fect1 ! pa/ p]fect1 & ! future p]fect4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #ahdf4 p4 #hb4 7#f47 ,! t5ses 9 ,engli% are six--! ,pres5t1 ! ,pres5t-p]fect1 ! ,pa/1 ! ,pa/-p]fect1 ! ,future1 & ! ,future-p]fect4--,bullions's ,gram41 #ahdi4 p4 #ga4 7#g47 ,v]bs h ,six ,t5ses1 call$ ! ,pres5t1 ! ,p]fect-,pres5t1 ! ,pa/1 ! ,p]fect-,pa/1 ! ,future1 & ! ,p]fect-,future4--,sp5c]'s ,gram41 #aheb1 p4 #ec4 7#h47 ,!re are six t5ses3 ! pres5t1 pa/1 future1 pres5t p]fect1 pa/ p]fect1 & future p]fect4--,covell's ,gram41 #ahec1 p4 #fb4 7#i47 ,! t5ses are--! pres5t1 ! pres5t p]fect2 ! pa/1 ! pa/ p]fect2 ! future1 ! future p]fect4--,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's ,gram41 #ahec1 p4 #fe4 7#aj47 ,!re are six t5ses2 "o pres5t1 & b "o1 ?ree pa/1 & two future4 ,!y are nam$ ?us3 ,! ,pres5t1 ! ,fir/ ,pa/1 ! ,second ,pa/1 ! ,?ird ,pa/1 ! ,fir/ ,future1 ! ,second ,future4--,= ! sake ( symmetry1 to call two ( !m pres5t1 & two only pa/1 :ile "o only is pres5t1 & ?ree are pa/ t5ses1 is to sacrifice tru? to beauty4--,p9neo's ,gram41 #ahec1 pp4 #fi & #gj4 ,! old names1 imp]fect1 p]fect1 & plup]fect1 :i*1 9 #ahde1 ,butl] ju/ly admitt$ to be ! usual names ( ! ?ree pa/ t5ses4 ,dr4 ,p9neo1 :o dates 8 copy-"r f #ahej1 mo/ unw>rantably decl>es to be n[ g5]ally disc>d$6--,analytical ,gram41 p4 #gf2 ,same ,revis$1 p4 #ha4 ,^! t]ms1 /ill pr$om9ant 9 use1 he /rangely supposes to h be5 sudd5ly sup]s$$ by o!rs :i* are no bett]1 if s good3 imag9+ t ! s*eme :i* ,p]ley or ,hiley introduc$1 ( two pres5t1 two pa/1 & two future t5ses1--a s*eme :i*1 he says1 has no f\ndation 9 tru?1 & is !re=e to be reject$1--_h prep>$ ! way = ! above-cit$ innovation ( 8 own1 :i* m]ely pres5ts ! old ideas "u new t]ms1 or t]ms p>tly new1 & :olly unlikely to prevail4 ,william ,w>d1 "o ( ! able/ ( our old gramm>ians1 reject+ 9 #agfe ! two t]ms imp]fect & p]fect1 adopt$ o!rs :i* resemble ,p9neo's2 b few1 if any1 h s9ce nam$ ! t5ses z he did1 ?us3 ,! ,pres5t1 ! ,fir/ ,pret]ite1 ! ,second ,pret]ite1 ! ,plup]fect1 ! ,fir/ ,future1 ! ,second ,future4--,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 #bcd ,! inf9itive mood1 z 'to %9e1' may be call$ ! "n ( ! v]b2 x c>ries nei!r "t nor affirmation2 b simply expresses t attribute1 action1 or /ate ( ?+s1 :i* is to be ! subject ( ! o!r moods & t5ses4--,blair's ,lectures1 p4 #ha4 ,by ! ^w subject ! ,doctor does n "h mean ! nom9ative to ! o!r moods & t5ses1 b ! mat]ial ( !m1 or t :i* is =m$ into !m4 #bce ,"s gramm>ians absurdly d5y t p]sons & numb]s are prop]ties ( v]bs at all3 n inde$ because our v]bs h s few inflections1 or because ^! au?ors wi% to disc>d ! little di/9ction t rema9s2 b because !y h "s fanciful conception1 t ^! prop]ties _c p]ta9 to a v]b4 ,yet1 :5 !y come to _! syntax1 !y all =get1 t if a v]b has no p]son & numb]1 x _c agree ) a nom9ative 9 ^! respects4 ,?us ,,kirkham3 ,p]son1 /rictly speak+1 is a quality t belongs n to v]bs1 b to n\ns & pron\ns4 ,we say1 h[ev]1 t ! v]b mu/ agree ) its nom9ative 9 p]son1 z well z 9 numb]4--,gram4 9 ,famili> ,lect41 p4 #df4 ,s ,j4 ,w4 ,,wright3 ,9 tru?1 numb] & p]son are n prop]ties ( v]bs4 ,mr4 ,murray grants t1 '9 philosophical /rictness1 bo? numb] & p]son might 7say1 may7 be exclud$ f e v]b1 z !y are1 9 fact1 ! prop]ties ( sub/antives1 n a "p ( ! ess5ce ( ! v]b4'--,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #fh4 ,?is au?or's rule ( syntax = v]bs1 makes !m agree ) _! nom9atives1 n 9 p]son & numb]1 b 9 t]m9ation1 or else 9 nobody kn[s :at3 ,a v]b mu/ v>y its t]m9ations1 s z to agree ) ! nom9ative to :i* x is connect$4--,ib41 p4 #afh4 ,b ,murray's rule is1 ,a v]b mu/ agree ) its nom9ative case 9 numb] & p]son3 & ?is doctr9e is directly repugnant to t int]pretation ( 8 words above1 by :i* ^! g5tlem5 h s egregi\sly misl$ !mselves & o!rs4 ,und\bt$ly1 bo? ! numb]s & ! p]sons ( all ,engli% v]bs might be aboli%$1 & ! language w\ld /ill be intelligible4 ,b :ile any su* di/9ctions rema91 & ! v]b is actually modifi$ to =m !m1 !y belong z prop]ly to ?is "p ( spee* z !y c to any o!r4 ,de ,sacy says1 ,! di/9ction ( numb] occurs 9 ! v]b2 & !n adds1 yet ?is di/9ction does n prop]ly belong to ! v]b1 z x signifies no?+ :i* c be numb]$4--,fosdick's ,v]sion1 p4 #fd4 ,?is deceptive reason is only a new =m ( ! blund] :i* ,i h once expos$1 ( conf\nd+ ! numb]s 9 gramm> ) numb]s 9 ari?metic4 ,j4 ,m4 ,putnam1 aft] repeat+ :at is above cit$ f ,murray1 adds3 ,! t]ms numb] & p]son1 z appli$ to ! v]b are figurative4 ,! prop]ties :i* belong to "o ?+1 = conv5i5ce' sake are ascrib$ to ano!r4--,gram41 p4 #di4 ,kirkham imag9es1 if t5 m5 build a h\se1 or navigate a %ip r\nd ! _w1 !y p]=m j t5 actions1 & no m4 ,common s5se tea*es y1 says he1 t !re mu/ be z _m actions z !re are actors2 & t ! v]b :5 x has no =m or end+ to %[ x1 is z /rictly plural1 z :5 x has4 ,s1 9 ! phrase1 ',we walk1' ! v]b walk is ( ! fir/ p]son1 because x expresses ! actions p]=m$ by ! speak]s4 ,! v]b1 !n1 :5 correctly writt51 always agrees1 9 s5se1 ) its nom9ative 9 numb] & p]son4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #dg4 ,x seems to me1 t ^! au?ors d n v well "k :at p]sons or numb]s1 9 gramm>1 are4 #bcf ,john ,despaut]1 ^: ample ,gramm> ( ! ,lat9 language appe>$ 9 its ?ird edition 9 #aeag1 repres5ts ?is practice z a corruption orig9at+ 9 false pride1 & ma9ta9$ by ! wick$ness ( hungry flatt]]s4 ,on ! tw5tie? leaf ( 8 ,syntax1 he says1 ,vid5tur hodie ,*ri/iani sup]biores1 quam olim e?nici imp]atores1 qui dii hab]i volu]unt2 nam hi nunquam inviti audi]unt pronom9a tu1 tibi1 tuus4 ,qu si hodie alicui mona*orum anti/iti1 aut decano1 aut pontifici dicantur aut scribantur1 videbitur ita loqu5s aut scrib5s blasphemasse1 et ana!mate dignus3 nec tam5 ,abbas1 aut pontifex1 tam gr f]et1 quam ,mal*i1 aut famelici gna?ones1 8 assi/5tes1 et vocif]antes1 ,sic loqu]is1 aut scribis1 pontifici8 ,qu9tilianus et ,donatus dicunt b>b>ismum1 aut soloecismum esse1 siquis uni dicat4 ,salvete4 ,! le>n$ ,erasmus also ridicul$ ?is practice1 call+ ^? :o adopt$ x1 voscitatores1 or y\y\]s4 #bcg ,by a p]v]sion ( language ! pron\n y is almo/ inv>iably us$ = ! second p]son s+ul>1 z well z plural2 always1 h[ev]1 reta9+ ! plural v]b2 z1 ',my fri5d1 y write a good h&4' ,?\ is conf9$ to a solemn /yle1 or to poetical compositions4--,*&l]'s ,gramm>1 ,edition ( #ahba1 p4 #da2 ,ed4 ( #ahdg1 p4 #ff4 #bch ,9 reg>d to ! inflection ( our v]bs1 ,william ,b4 ,f[le1 :o is some?+ ( an antiqu>ian 9 gramm>1 & :o pr(esses n[ to be cons]vative ( ! popul> sy/em1 makes a ?reefold di/9ction ( /yle1 ?us3 ,engli% v]bs h ?ree ,/yles1 or ,modes12 call$ ! ,famili>1 ! ,solemn1 & ! ,anci5t4 ,! famili> /yle1 or mode1 is t us$ 9 common conv]sation2 z1 y see1 he fe>s4 ,! solemn /yle1 or mode1 is t us$ 9 ! ,bible1 & 9 pray]2 z1 ,?\ see/1 he fe>e?4 ,! anci5t /yle1 or mode1 n[ little us$1 all[s no *ange 9 ! second & ?ird p]son1 p]sons1 s+ul>1 ( ! v]b1 & g5]ally foll[s ! ^w if1 ?\gh1 le/1 or :e!r2 z1 if ?\ see2 ?\gh he fe>2 le/ he be angry2 :e!r he g or /ay4--,f[le's ,common ,s*ool ,gramm>1 ,"p ,second1 p4 #dd4 ,among 8 subsequ5t examples ( ! ,solemn /yle1 he gives ! foll[+3 ,?\ love/1 ,?\ lov$/1 ,?\ art1 ,?\ wa/1 ,?\ ha/1 ,?\ had/1 ,?\ doe/ or do/1 ,?\ did/4 ,&1 z correspond+ examples ( ! ,anci5t /yle1 he has ^! =ms3 ,?\ love1 ,?\ lov$1 ,?\ or y be1 ,?\ w]t1 ,?\ h1 ,?\ _h1 ,?\ d1 ,?\ did4--,ib41 pp4 #dd-ej4 ,?is di/9ction & ?is arrangem5t d n appe> to me to be altoge!r w>rant$ by facts4 ,! necess>y di/9ction ( moods1 ?is au?or rejects2 conf\nd+ ! ,subjunctive ) ! ,indicative1 9 ord] to furni% out ?is useless & fanciful contra/ ( 8 ,solemn & ,anci5t /yles4 #bci ,9 t mon/r\s jumble & p]v]sion ( ,murray's doctr9es1 entitl$1 ,engli% ,gramm> on ! ,productive ,sy/em1 by ,roswell ,c4 ,smi?1 y is ev]y:]e pref]r$ to ?\1 & ! v]bs are conjugat$ )\t ! latt] pron\n4 ,at ! close ( 8 p>adigms1 h[ev]1 ! au?or ins]ts a few l9es respect+ ^! obsolete conjugations1 ) ! pron\n ?\2 = a fur!r acc\nt ( :i*1 he ref]s ! le>n]1 ) a sne]1 to ! common gramm>s 9 ! s*ools4 ,see ! "w1 p4 #gi4 ,he mu/ ne$s be a rem>kable gramm>ian1 ) :om ,scripture1 poetry1 & pray]1 are all obsolete6 ,aga93 ,?\ 9 ! s+ul> is obsolete1 except among ! ,society ( ,fri5ds2 & ye is an obsolete plural6--,guy's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #be4 ,9 an o!r late gramm>1 pr(ess$ly con/ruct$ ^u ! basis ( ,murray's1 by ! ,rev4 ,*>les ,adams1 ,a4 ,m41 ,pr9cipal ( ,newbury ,sem9>y1 ! second p]son s+ul> is ev]y:]e sup]s$$ by ! plural2 ! =m] be+ sil5tly dropp$ f all 8 tw5ty pages ( conjugations1 )\t s mu* z a h9t1 or a sav+ clause1 respect+ x2 & ! latt]1 :i* is put 9 its /ead1 is falsely call$ s+ul>4 ,by 8 pupils1 all =ms ( ! v]b t agree only ) ?\1 w ( c\rse be conceiv$ to be ei!r obsolete or b>b>\s1 & consequ5tly ungrammatical4 ,:e!r or n ! rev]5d g5tleman makes any acc\nt ( ! ,bible or ( pray]1 does n appe>2 he cites "s poetry1 9 :i* !re are examples t _c be reconcil$ ) 8 ,sy/em ( ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,p>khur/1 9 8 late ,gramm> = ,beg9n]s1 tells u t1 ,su* words z are us$ 9 ! ,bible1 & n us$ 9 common books1 are call$ obsolete6--,p4 #adf4 ,among ^!1 he reckons all ! di/9ctive =ms ( ! second p]son s+ul>1 & all ! peculi>ities :i* con/itute :at is commonly call$ ! ,solemn ,/yle4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 ,yet1 ) no great consi/5cy1 he adds3 ,?is /yle is always us$ 9 pray]1 & is frequ5tly us$ 9 poetry4--,ibid4 ,joab ,brace1 ,jnr41 may be suppos$ to h ! same notion ( :at is obsolete3 = he too has p]v]t$ all ,l5nie's examples ( ! v]b1 z ,smi? & ,adams did ,murray's4 #bdj ,co> gives dur/ 9 ! ,indicative mood1 ?us3 ,i dur/1 ?\ dur/1 he dur/2 c4--,co>'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aae4 ,b :5 he comes to wi/1 he does n "k :at ! second p]son s+ul> %\ld be1 & s he leaves x out3 ,i wi/1 ------1 he wi/2 we wi/1 ye wi/1 !y wi/4--,co>'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 #bda ,dr4 ,la?am1 :o1 (t5] p]haps ?an any o!r mod]n writ]1 corrupts ! gramm> ( our language by ef=ts to revive 9 x ?+s really & des]v$ly obsolete1 mo/ /rangely av]s t ,! words ?\ & !e are1 except 9 ! m\?s ( ,quak]s1 obsolete4 ,! plural =ms1 ye & y1 h replac$ !m4--,h&-,book1 p4 #bhd4 ,ignor+ also any curr5t or vital process ( =m+ ,engli% v]bs 9 ! second p]son s+ul>1 he gravely tells u t ! old =m1 z calle/ 7:i* is /ill ! true =m = ! solemn /yle17 is becom+ obsolete4--,ib41 p4 #baj4 ,9 phrases l y are speak+1 c41 says he rightli]1 ev5 :5 appli$ to a s+le individual1 ! idea is really plural2 9 o!r words1 ! c\rtesy consi/s 9 treat+ "o p]son z m ?an "o1 & address+ him z su*1 r ?an 9 us+ a plural =m 9 a s+ul> s5se4 ,x is c]ta9 t1 grammatically consid]$1 y?\ is a plural1 s9ce ! v]b ) :i* x agrees is plural4--,ib41 p4 #afc4 ,if ^! ?+s be s1 ! ,engli% ,language owes mu* to ! scrupul\s cons]vatism ( ! ,quak]s2 =1 _h _! c\rtesy cons5t$ to ! gramm> ( ! fa%ionables1 ! s+ul> numb] w\ld n[ h _h b two p]sons6 #bdb ,= ! sub/itution ( y = ?\1 our gramm>ians assign v>i\s causes4 ,t :i* is mo/ commonly giv5 9 mod]n books1 is c]ta9ly n ! orig9al "o1 because x conc]ns no o!r language ?an ours3 ,9 ord] to avoid ! unpleasant =mality :i* accompanies ! use ( ?\ ) a correspond5t v]b1 its plural y1 is usually adopt$ to famili> conv]sation2 z1 ,*>les1 w y walk8 in/ead (--wilt ?\ walk8 ,y read too fa/1 in/ead (--?\ reade/ too fa/4--,jaudon's ,gram41 p4 #cc4 #bdc ,?is position1 z may be se5 above1 ,i d n suppose x compet5t = any critic to ma9ta94 ,! use ( y = ?\ is no m contr>y to gramm>1 ?an ! use ( we = ,i2 :i*1 x seems1 is grammatical en\gh = all editors1 compil]s1 & cr[n$ heads1 if n = o!rs4 ,b bo? are figures ( syntax2 &1 z su*1 !y /& ^u ! same foot+4 ,_! only contr>iety to gramm> consi/s 9 ?is1 t ! words are n ! lit]al repres5tatives ( ! numb] = :i* !y are put4 ,b 9 :at a po/ure does ! gramm>ian place himself1 :o condemns1 z bad ,engli%1 t phraseology :i* he con/antly & purposely uses8 ,! au?or ( ! foll[+ rem>k1 z well z all :o h prais$ 8 "w1 ought imm$iately to adopt ! /yle ( ! ,fri5ds1 or ,quak]s3 ,! ^w ?\1 9 grammatical con/ruction1 is pref]able to y1 9 ! second p]son s+ul>3 h[ev]1 cu/om has famili>iz$ ! latt]1 & consequ5tly made x m g5]al1 ?\gh ,,bad ,,gramm>4 ,to say1 ',y are a man4' is ,,n ,,grammatical ,,language2 ! ^w y hav+ ref]5ce to a plural n\n only4 ,x %\ld be1 ',?\ art a man4'--,wright's ,philosoph4 ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,?is au?or1 l ,l9dley ,murray & _m o!rs1 cont9ually calls himself ,,we2 & x is probable1 t nei!r he1 nor any "o ( 8 sixty rev]5d comm5d]s1 d>es address any man o!rwise ?an by ! above-m5tion$ ,,bad ,,gramm>6 #bdd ,we are always giv5 to cut our words %ort2 &1 ) v few exceptions1 y f9d p writ+ lov'd1 mov'd1 walk'd2 in/ead ( lov$1 mov$1 walk$4 ,!y wi% to make ! p5 correspond ) ! tongue4 ,f lov'd1 mov'd1 walk'd1 x is v easy to slide into lovt1 movt1 walkt4 ,& ?is has be5 ! case ) reg>d to cur/1 dealt1 dwelt1 leapt1 helpt1 & _m o!rs 9 ! la/ ins]t$ li/4 ,x is j z prop] to say jumpt1 z x is to say leapt2 & j z prop] to say walkt z ei!r2 & ?us we might g on till ! or?ography ( ! :ole language 7 *ang$4 ,:5 ! love ( contraction came to op]ate on su* v]bs z to bur/ & to light1 x f\nd su* a clump ( consonants already at ! end ( ! words1 t1 x c\ld add none4 ,x c\ld n enable ! organs ev5 ( ,engli% spee* to pron\nce bur/$/1 light$/4 ,x1 !re=e1 made really %ort "w ( x1 & dropp+ ! la/ syllable altoge!r1 wrote1 bur/1 light1 r1 lit 9 ! pa/ "t & passive p>ticiple4--,cobbett's ,engli% ,gram41 #afi4 ,h[ c\ld ! man :o saw all ?is1 insi/ on add+ / = ! second p]son1 :]e n ev5 ! d ( ! pa/ t5se c\ld he articulat$8 ,am ,i to be call$ an innovator1 because ,i d n l 9 conv]sation su* new & unau?oriz$ words z litte/1 leapte/1 cur/e/2 or a corrupt] ( ! language1 because ,i d n admire 9 poetry su* unutt]able mon/rosities z1 light'd/1 leap'd/1 curs'd/8 ,! novelism1 ) ! corruption too1 is :olly !irs :o /ickle = ^! awkw>d =ms4 #bde ,y 71 n y 01 = y 0 seems to be z ungrammatical1 z y ha/ w\ld be4 ,= ! pron\n y be+ confess$ly plural1 its correspond5t v]b ought to be plural4--,john ,burn's ,gram41 #aj? ,ed41 ,p4 #gb4 #bdf ,among gramm>ians1 z well z among o!r writ]s1 !re is "s div]sity ( usage conc]n+ ! p]sonal inflections ( v]bs2 :ile ne>ly all1 n[adays1 remove ! *ief occasion = any su* div]sity1 by d5y+ ) a fa%ionable bigotry ! possibility ( any grammatical use ( ! pron\n ?\ 9 a famili> /yle4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 ,i w cite ,coop] & ,wells--two mod]n au?ors :o e>ne/ly agree to acc\nt y & its v]b lit]ally s+ul>1 & ?\ altoge!r errone\s1 9 common disc\rse3 except t ,wells all[s ! phrase1 ,if ?\ art1 = ,common /yle4--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 #a4 ,coop]1 improp]ly ref]r+ all inflection ( ! v]b to ! grave or solemn /yle1 says3 ,9 ! colloquial or famili> /yle1 we obs]ve no *ange4 ,! same is ! case 9 ! plural numb]4 ,he !n proce$s ?us3 ,9 ! second p]son ( ! pres5t ( ! indicative1 9 ! solemn /yle1 ! v]b takes / or e/2 & 9 ! ?ird p]son ? or e?1 z3 ?\ ha/1 ?\ love/1 ?\ tea*e/2 he ha?1 he love?1 he goe?4 ,9 ! colloquial or famili> /yle1 ! v]b does n v>y 9 ! second p]son2 & 9 ! ?ird p]son1 x ends 9 s or es1 z3 he loves1 he tea*es1 he does4 ,! indef9ite1 i4 e4 ! pret]it1 9 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! indicative1 9 ! grave /yle1 ends 9 e/1 z3 ?\ taughte/1 ?\ w5te/4 ,fi/ ,b1 9 ^? v]bs1 :]e ! s\nd ( / w unite ) ! la/ syllable ( ! v]b1 ! v[el is omitt$1 z3 ?\ lov$/1 ?\ he>d/1 ?\ did/4--,coop]'s ,murray1 p4 #fj2 ,pla9 & ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,?is1 ! read] w see1 is some:at contradictory2 = ! colloquial /yle v>ies ! v]b by s or es1 & taught'/ may be utt]$ )\t ! e4 ,z = lov$/1 ,i d5y t any v[el is omitt$ f x2 b possibly "o may be1 z lov'd/4 #b4 ,wells's acc\nt ( ! same ?+ is ?is3 ,9 ! simple =m ( ! pres5t & pa/ indicative1 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! solemn /yle ends regul>ly 9 / or e/1 z1 ?\ see/1 ?\ he>e/1 ?\ sawe/1 ?\ he>de/2 & ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! pres5t1 9 s or es1 z1 he he>s1 he wi%es1 & also 9 ? or e?1 z1 he sai?1 he love?4 ,9 ! simple =m ( ! pres5t indicative1 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! common or famili> /yle1 ends 9 s or es2 z1 he sleeps2 he rises4 ,! fir/ p]son s+ul> ( ! solemn /yle1 & ! fir/ & second p]sons s+ul> ( ! common /yle1 h ! same =m z ! ?ree p]sons plural4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>1 #a/ ,ed4 p4 #hc2 #c;d ,ed4 p4 #hf4 ,?is1 too1 is bo? defective & inconsi/5t4 ,x does n tell :5 to add e/1 & :51 / only4 ,x does n %[ :at ! regul> pret]it1 z fre$ or lov$1 %\ld make ) ?\3 :e!r fre$e/ & lov$e/1 by assum+ ! syllable e/2 fre-ed/ & lov-ed/1 by increas+ syllabically f assum+ / only2 or fre$/ & lov'd/1 or lov$/1 /ill to be utt]$ z monosyllables4 ,x absurdly makes s or es a sign ( two opposite /yles4 7,see ,,obs4 #i?1 above47 ,& x does n except ,i am1 ,i 01 ,if ,i am1 ,if ,i 01 ,if ?\ art1 ,i am lov$1 & s =?1 f requir+ ! same =m1 are or 71 z ! ?ree p]sons plural4 ,?is au?or pref]s he>de/2 ! o!r1 he>d/1 :i* ,i ?9k bett] w>rant$3 ,& he>d/ ?\ :y he drew 8 blade8 ,he>d/ ?\ t %ameful ^w & bl[ ,br\ght ,rod]ick's v5geance on 8 foe8--,scott1 ,l4 ,l41 ,c4 v1 /4 #f4 #bdg ,bett]1 z ,wickliffe has x1 ! day 9 :i*2 ?\gh1 aft] n\ns ( "t1 ! relative t is (t5 us$1 l ! ,lat9 ablative quo or qu1 z be+ equival5t to 9 :i* or on :i*4 #bdh ,x is n a little /range1 t "s m51 :o nev] h se5 or he>d su* words z _! own rules w\ld produce = ! second p]son s+ul> ( _m hundr$s ( our mo/ common v]bs1 w nev]!less p]t9aci\sly insi/1 t x is wrong to c\nt5ance 9 ?is matt] any dep>ture f ! /yle ( ,k+ ,james's ,bible4 ,"o ( ! v ra%e/ & wilde/ ( mod]n innovators1--a critic :o1 b = ! sake ( ^? :o /ill speak 9 ?is p]son & numb]1 w\ld gladly consign ! pron\n ?\1 & all its att5dant v]bal =ms1 to utt] oblivion1--?us treats ?is subject & me3 ,! ,quak]s1 or ,fri5ds1 h[ev]1 use ?\1 & its att5dant =m ( ! ass]t]1 9 conv]sation4 ,,= ,,_! ,,b5efit1 ?\ is giv51 9 ?is "w1 9 all ! v>ieties ( inflection2 79 "s ( :i* x c\ld n prop]ly be us$ 9 an address to ! ,deity27 = ,,!y ,,err ,,mo/ ,,egregi\sly 9 ! use ( ?\1 ) ! =m ( ! ass]t] :i* foll[s he or !y1 & are c\nt5anc$ 9 _! errors by ,g4 ,br[n1 :o1 in/ead ( 'disburd5+ ! language ( #add1jjj useless di/9ctions1 increases _! numb] j #add1jjj4--,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #he ,among p ( s5se1 conv]ts are made by tea*+1 & reason+1 & prov+2 b ?is man's disciples mu/ yield to ! bald]da% ( a false spell]1 false quot]1 & false ass]tor6 ,?is au?or says1 t dropt is ! pa/ t5se ( drop2 7p4 #aah27 let him prove1 = example1 t dropte/ is n a clumsy innovation1 & t dropp$/ is n a =mal ar*aism1 & !n tell ( ! egregi\s error ( adopt+ nei!r ( ^! =ms 9 common conv]sation4 ,! foll[+1 ) its _m common contractions1 is ! language ( ,,pope2 & ,i ask ?is1 or any o!r oppon5t ( my doctr9e1 ,,to ,,%[ ,,h[ ,,su* ,,v]bs ,,are ,,rightly ,,=m$1 ei!r = poetry or = conv]sation1 9 ! second p]son s+ul>4 ,x fl$1 ,i foll['d2 n[ 9 hope1 n[ pa92 ,x /opt1 ,i /opt2 x mov'd1 ,i mov'd aga94 ,at la/ x fix't1'twas on :at plant x pleas'd1 ,& :]e x fix'd1 ! beaute\s bird ,i seiz'd4 --,dunciad1 ,b4 ,,iv1 l4 #dbg4 #bdi ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,all51 9 8 ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #acb1 says3 ,y? & e? 7f ! ,saxon la sic--,,k?7 7 =m]ly1 plural t]m9ations2 z1 ',mann]s maky? man4' ,william ( ,wykeham's motto4 ',aft] long advisem5t1 !y take? ^u !m to try ! matt]4' ,/apleton's ,translation ( ,b$e4 ',doctr9e & disc\rse make? nature less importune4' ,bacon4 ,! use ( e? z a plural t]m9ation ( v]bs1 0 evid5tly e>li] ?an ! use ( en = ! same purpose4 ,ev5 ! latt] is utt]ly obsolete1 & ! =m] c sc>cely h be5 ,engli%4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon v]b lufian1 or lufigean1 to love1 appe>s to h be5 inflect$ ) ! sev]al pron\ns ?us3 ,ic lufige1 ,?u lufa/1 ,he lufa?1 ,we lufia?1 ,ge lufia?1 ,hi lufia?4 ,! =m 9 ,old ,engli% 0 ?is3 ,i love1 ,?\ love/1 ,he love?1 ,we lov51 ,ye lov51 ,!y lov54 ,dr4 ,prie/ley rem>ks1 7?\gh 9 my op9ion unadvis$ly17 t1 ,n\ns ( a plural =m1 b ( a s+ul> signification1 require a s+ul> con/ruction2 z1 ma!maticks is a useful /udy4 ,?is obs]vation w likewise1 says he1 9 "s measure1 v9dicate ! grammatical propriety ( ! fam\s say+ ( ,william ( ,wykeham1 ,mann]s make? man4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 ,i "k n :at half-way v9dication !re c be1 = any su* con/ruction4 ,mann]s & ma!matics are n n\ns ( ! s+ul> numb]1 & !re=e bo? is & make? are wrong4 ,i judge x bett] ,engli% to say1 ,ma!matics are a useful /udy4--,mann]s make ! man4 ,b p]haps bo? ideas may be /ill bett] express$ by a *ange ( ! nom9ative1 ?us3 ,! /udy ( ma!matics is useful4--,behavi\r makes ! man4 #bej ,:at ! /ate ( our lit]ature w\ld h be51 _h no au?or attempt$ any ?+ on ,engli% gramm>1 mu/ ( c\rse be a matt] ( m]e conjecture1 & n ( any positive conviction4 ,x is my op9ion1 t1 ) all _! faults1 mo/ ( ! books & essays 9 :i* ?is subject has be5 h&l$1 h be5 9 "s degree b5eficial1 & a few ( !m highly s2 & t1 )\t _! influ5ce1 our language mu/ h be5 mu* m *aotic & indet]m9able ?an x n[ is4 ,b a late writ] says1 &1 ) respect to "s ( our v]bal t]m9ations1 says wisely3 ,x is my s9c]e conviction t few] irregul>ities w\ld h crept into ! language _h no gramm>s exi/$1 ?an h be5 au?oriz$ by gramm>ians2 = x %\ld be und]/ood t ! fir/ ( our gramm>ians1 f9d+ t good writ]s diff]$ ^u _m po9ts1 in/ead ( endeav\r+ to reconcile ^! discrepancies1 absolutely p]petuat$ !m by cit+ opposite usages1 & giv+ high au?orities = bo?4 ,to ?is we owe all ! irregul>ity :i* exi/s 9 ! p]sonal t]m9ations ( v]bs1 "s ( ! be/ e>ly writ]s us+ !m promiscu\sly1 "s us+ !m uni=mly1 & o!rs mak+ no use ( !m2 & really !y are ( no use b to puzzle *ildr5 & =eign]s1 p]plex poets1 & furni% an awkw>d dialect to t exempl>y sect ( ,*ri/ians1 :o 9 e ?+ else /udy simplicity4--,f[le's ,true ,e4 ,gram41 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #bf4 ,wells1 a /ill lat] writ]1 gives ?is unsafe rule3 ,:5 ! pa/ t5se is a monosyllable n end+ 9 a s+le v[el1 ! second p]son s+ul> ( ! solemn /yle is g5]ally =m$ by ! addition ( e/2 z he>de/1 fl$de/1 tooke/4 ,had/1 wa/1 said/1 & did/1 are exceptions4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ajf2 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #aaj2 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #aae4 ,n[ ! t]m9ation d or ed commonly adds no syllable2 s t ! regul> pa/ t5se ( any monosyllabic v]b is1 ) a few exceptions1 a monosyllable /ill2 z1 fre$1 fe$1 lov$1 fe>$1 plann$1 turn$3 & h[ w\ld ^! s\nd ) e/ add$1 :i* ,l[?1 ,hiley1 ,*ur*ill1 & "s o!rs errone\sly claim z hav+ p]ta9$ to su* pret]its anci5tly8 ,aga91 if he>d is a contraction ( he>$1 & fl$1 ( fle$1 z seems probable2 !n are he>d/ & fl$t/1 :i* are sometimes us$1 m regul> ?an he>de/1 fl$de/3 s ( _m o!r pret]its4 #bea ,*auc] appe>s n to h inflect$ ?is ^w 9 ! second p]son3 ,also ryght z ?\ 7 ensample ( mo*e folde err\r1 righte s ?\ mu/ be ensample ( manifold correction4--,te/am5t ( ,love4 ,r5n9 & crie z ?\ 7 wode4--,h\se ( ,fame4 ,s o!rs3 ,i wolde ?\ 7 cold or hoot4--,,wickliffe',s ,,v]sion ,,( ,,! ,,apocalypse4 ,i wolde ?\ 7 cold or hote4--,,v]sion ,,( ,,edw>d ,,vi3 ,tooke1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bgj4 ,see ,rev41 iii1 #ae3 ,i w\ld ?\ w]t cold or hot4--,,common ,,v]sion4 #beb ,see evid5ce ( ! antiquity ( ?is practice1 9 ! examples "u ! tw5ty-?ird obs]vation above4 ,accord+ to ,*ur*ill1 x has _h "s local cont9uance ev5 to ! pres5t "t4 ,=1 9 a rem>k ^u ,l[?'s contractions1 lov'?1 turn'?1 ?is au?or says1 ,^! are /ill 9 use 9 "s c\ntry places1 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( v]bs 9 g5]al be+ =m$ by ! addition ( ! s\nd ? simply1 n mak+ an additional syllable4--,*ur*ill's ,gram41 p4 #bee ,s ! e? 9 ! foll[+ example adds no syllable3-- ,dea? goe? ab\t ! field1 rejoic+ mickle ,to see a sword t s surpass'd 8 sickle4 ,h>r+ton's ,ario/o1 ,b4 xiii3 see ,s+]'s ,%ak41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bif4 #bec ,! second p]son s+ul> ( ! simple v]b d1 is n[ usually writt5 do/1 & read du/2 be+ p]man5tly contract$ 9 or?ography1 z well z 9 pronunciation4 ,& p]haps ! comp\nds may foll[2 z1 ,?\ undo/1 outdo/1 misdo/1 ov]do/1 c4 ,b exceptions to exceptions are puzzl+1 ev5 :5 !y con=m to ! g5]al rule4 ,! ,bible has do/ & do? = auxilli>ies1 & doe/ & doe? = pr9cipal v]bs4 #bed ,n4 ,butl] av]s1 ,! only regul> t]m9ations add$ to v]bs are e/1 s1 ed1 ed/1 & +4--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ha4 ,b he adds1 9 a m>g9al note1 ?is in=mation3 ,! ?ird p]son s+ul> ( ! pres5t =m]ly end$ 9 e?4 ,?is t]m9ation is /ill sometimes us$ 9 ! solemn /yle4 ,contractions sometimes take place2 z1 say/ = saye/4--,ibid4 ,?is /atem5t n only imposes a va/ deal ( ne$less irregul>ity ^u ! few inflections admitt$ by ! ,engli% v]b1 b is1 s f> z x disagrees ) m9e1 a causeless innovation4 ,! t]m9ations reject$1 or "h reg>d$ z irregul>1 are d1 /1 es1 ?1 & e?2 :ile ed/1 :i* is pla9ly a comb9ation ( ed & /1--! pa/ end+ ( ! v]b ) ! p]sonal inflection1--is assum$ to be "o s+le & regul> t]m9ation :i* ,i _h ov]look$6 ,x has long be5 an almo/ univ]sal doctr9e ( our gramm>ians1 t regul> v]bs =m _! pret]its & p]fect p>ticiples by add+ d to f9al e1 & ed to any o!r radical end+4 ,su* is ! tea*+ ( ,blair1 ,brightl&1 ,bullions1 ,*ur*ill1 ,co>1 ,comly1 ,coop]1 ,f[le1 ,frazee1 ,+]soll1 ,kirkham1 ,l5nie1 ,murray1 ,weld1 ,wells1 ,sanborn1 & o!rs1 a great multitude4 ,b ?is au?or alleges1 t1 ,lov$ is n =m$ by add+ d to love1 b by add+ ed1 & dropp+ e f love4--,butl]'s ,answ] to ,br[n4 ,any "o is at lib]ty to ?9k ?is1 if he w4 ,b ,i see n ! use ( play+ ?us ) mute ,ees1 add+ "o to drop an o!r1 & (t5 pret5d+ to drop two "u "o apo/rophe1 z 9 lov'd1 lov'/6 ,to suppose t ! second p]son ( ! regul> pret]it1 z lov$/1 is n =m$ by add+ / to ! fir/ p]son1 is contr>y to ! analogy ( o!r v]bs1 & is some?+ worse ?an an idle :im4 ,& :y %\ld ! =mation ( ! ?ird p]son be call$ irregul> :5 x requires es1 z 9 flies1 d5ies1 goes1 vetoes1 wi%es1 prea*es1 & s =?8 ,9 =m+ flies f fly1 ,butl] *anges y into ie1 on page #bj?1 add+ s only2 &1 on page #aa?1 into i only1 add+ es4 ,uni=mity w\ld be bett]4 #bee ,coop] says1 ,! t]m9ation e? is commonly contract$ into ?1 to prev5t ! addition ( a syllable to ! v]b1 z3 doe?1 do?4--,pla9 & ,practical ,gram41 p4 #ei4 ,?is1 ) ref]5ce to mod]n usage1 is pla9ly errone\s4 ,=1 :5 s or es 0 sub/itut$ = ? or e?1 & ! famili> use ( ! latt] ceas$1 ?is mode ( inflect+ ! v]b )\t increas+ its syllables1 ceas$ also1 or at lea/ became unusual4 ,x appe>s t ! inflect+ ( v]bs ) ? )\t a v[el1 z well z ) / )\t a v[el1 0 m common 9 v anci5t times ?an subsequ5tly4 ,our gramm>ians ( ! la/ c5tury seem to h be5 m will+ to encumb] ! language ) syllabic end+s1 ?an to simplify x by avoid+ !m4 ,see ,obs]vations1 #ba/1 #bb;d1 & #bc;d1 above4 #bef ,^! are :at ,william ,w>d1 9 8 ,practical ,gramm>1 writt5 ab\t #agfe1 d5om9at$ ! ,,capital ,,=ms1 or ,,roots1 ( ! ,engli% ,v]b4 ,_! numb] too is ! same4 ,& ^! ,roots1 says he1 are consid]$ z ,f\r 9 ea* v]b2 al?\gh 9 _m v]bs two ( !m are alike1 & 9 "s few ?ree are alike4--,p4 #ej4 ,few mod]n gramm>ians h be5 c>eful to display ^! ,*ief ,t]ms1 or ,pr9cipal ,p>ts1 prop]ly4 ,_m say no?+ ab\t !m4 ,"s speak ( ?ree1 & "n !m faultily4 ,?us ,wells3 ,! ?ree pr9cipal p>ts ( a v]b are ! pres5t t5se1 ! pa/ t5se1 & ! p]fect p>ticiple4--,s*ool ,gram41 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #ib4 ,n[ a :ole t5se is some?+ m ?an "o v]bal =m1 & ,wells's p]fect p>ticiple includes ! auxili>y hav+4 ,h5ce1 9 /ead ( write1 wrote1 writ+1 writt51 7! true pr9cipal p>ts ( a c]ta9 v]b17 "o might take1 "u ,wells's description1 ei!r ( ^! ?rees1 bo? entirely false3 am writ+1 did write1 & hav+ writt52 or1 d write1 wrote/1 & hav+ writt54 ,b writ+1 be+ ! root ( ! ,progressive ,=m ( ! ,v]b1 is f> m wor?y to be "h c\nt$ a *ief t]m1 ?an wrote1 ! pret]it1 :i* occurs only 9 "o t5se1 & nev] receives an auxili>y4 ,s ( o!r v]bs4 ,?is sort ( treatm5t ( ! ,pr9cipal ,p>ts1 is a v grave defect 9 sundry s*emes ( gramm>4 #beg ,a gramm>ian %\ld "k bett]1 ?an to exhibit1 z a p>adigm = s*ool-boys1 su* ,engli% z ! foll[+3 ,i d h1 ,?\ do/ h1 ,he does h3 ,we d h1 ,y d h1 ,!y d h4--,ev]e/'s ,gram41 p4 #ajf4 ,i did h1 ,?\ did/ h1 ,he did h3 ,we did h1 ,y did h1 ,!y did h4--,ib41 p4 #ajg4 ,i "k n :e!r any "o has yet ?\ght ( conjugat+ ! v]b be aft] ?is fa%ion2 b ! attempt to introduce1 am be+1 is be+1 c41 is an innovation mu* worse4 #beh ,hiley borr[s f ,web/] ! rem>k1 t1 ,ne$1 :5 intransitive1 is =m$ l an auxili>y1 & is foll[$ by a v]b1 )\t ! prefix to2 z1 ',he ne$ g no f>!r4'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ij2 ,web/]'s ,imp4 ,gram41 p4 #abg2 ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,b he =be>s to class x ) ! auxili>ies1 & ev5 contradicts himself1 by a subsequ5t rem>k tak5 f ,dr4 ,campbell1 t1 = ! sake ( ,,analogy1 'he ne$s1' he d>es1' are pref]able to 'he ne$1' 'he d>e1'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #ade2 ,campbell's ,rhet41 p4 #age #bei ,?is gramm>ian "h uses ne$ = ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 design$ly1 & makes a rem>k = ! ju/ification ( ! practice2 b he nei!r calls ! ^w an auxili>y1 nor cites any o!r ?an anonym\s examples1 :i* are1 p]haps1 ( 8 own inv5tion4 #bfj ,! sub/antive =m1 or1 z x is commonly t]m$1 inf9itive mood1 conta9s at ! same "t ! ess5ce ( v]bal mean+1 & ! lit]al ,,root on :i* all inflections ( ! v]b are to be graft$4 ,?is "* be+ common to ! inf9itive 9 all languages1 x ?is mood ought to prec$e ! o!r moods ( v]bs1 in/ead ( be+ made to foll[ !m1 z is absurdly practis$ 9 almo/ all grammatical sy/ems4--,enclytica1 p4 #ad4 #bfa ,by ?is1 ,i mean1 t ! v]b 9 all ! p]sons1 bo? s+ul> & plural1 is ! same 9 =m4 ,b ,l9dley ,murray1 :5 he speaks ( n v>y+ or n *ang+ ! t]m9ation ( ! v]b1 mo/ absurdly means by x1 t ! v]b is inflect$1 j z x is 9 ! indicative or ! pot5tial mood2 & :5 he speaks ( *anges or v>iations ( t]m9ation1 he means1 t ! v]b rema9s ! same z 9 ! fir/ p]son s+ul>6 ,= example3 ,! second p]son s+ul> ( ! imp]fect t5se 9 ! subjunctive mood1 is also v frequ5tly v>i$ 9 its t]m9ation3 z1 ',if ?\ lov$ him truly1 ?\ w\ld/ obey him4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #bji4 ,! auxili>ies ( ! pot5tial mood1 :5 appli$ to ! subjunctive1 d n *ange ! t]m9ation ( ! second p]son s+ul>2 z1 ',if ?\ may/ or can/ g4'--,ib41 p4 #baj4 ,"s au?ors ?9k1 t ! t]m9ation ( ^! auxili>ies %\ld be v>i$3 z1 ,i advise !e1 t ?\ may bew>e4--,ib41 p4 #baj4 ,:5 ! circum/ances ( cont+5cy & futurity concur1 x is prop] to v>y ! t]m9ations ( ! second & ?ird p]sons s+ul>4--,ib41 #baj4 ,x may be consid]$ z a rule1 t ! *anges ( t]m9ation are necess>y1 :5 ^! two circum/ances concur4--,ib41 p4 #bjg4 ,x may be consid]$ z a rule1 t no *anges ( t]m9ation are necess>y1 :5 ^! two circum/ances concur4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bfd4 ,n[ ,murray & ,+]soll "h mean precisely ! same ?+6 ,^: fault is t8 ,if ,murray's1 he has committ$ _m su*4 ,b1 9 ?is matt]1 he is contradict$ n only by ,+]soll1 b1 on "o occasion1 by himself4 ,= he decl>es x to be an op9ion 9 :i* he concurs4 ,t ! def9ition & nature ( ! subjunctive mood1 h no ref]5ce to *ange ( t]m9ation4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #baa4 ,& yet1 amid/ 8 /range blund]s1 he seems to h ascrib$ ! mean+ :i* a v]b has 9 ?is mood1 to ! inflections :i* x receives 9 ! indicative3 say+4 ,t "p ( ! v]b :i* gramm>ians call ! pres5t t5se ( ! subjunctive mood1 has a future signification4 ,?is is effect$ by v>y+ ! t]m9ations ( ! second & ?ird p]sons s+ul> ( ! indicative6--,ib41 p4 #bjg4 ,b ! absurdity :i* he really means to tea*1 is1 t ! subjunctive mood is d]iv$ f ! indicative1--! primitive or radical v]b1 f x's d]ivatives or bran*es6 #bfb ,w]t is sometimes us$ 9 lieu ( wa/2 &1 9 su* in/ances1 bo? by au?ority & by analogy1 x appe>s to belong "h1 if any:]e4 ,see ,,obs4 #b;d & #c;d1 bel[4 #bfc ,"s gramm>ians1 reg>dless ( ! g5]al usage ( au?ors1 pref] 0 to 7 9 ! s+ul> numb] ( ?is t5se ( ! subjunctive mood4 ,9 ! foll[+ rem>k1 ! t5se is nam$ pres5t & ?is pref]5ce is urg$ ) "s critical extravagance3 ,01 ?\gh ! pa/ t5se ( ! indicative mood1 expresses ! pres5t ( ! hypo!tical2 z1 ',i wi% t ,i 0 well4' ,! use ( ?is hypo!tical =m ( ! subjunctive mood1 has giv5 rise to a =m ( expression :olly unw>rant$ by ! rules ( gramm>4 ,:5 ! v]b 0 is to be us$ 9 ! pres5t t5se s+ul>1 9 ?is =m ( ! subjunctive mood1 ! e> is (t5 pa9$ ) a plural 71 z1 ',7 ,i y\r ma/]'--',7 he compell$ to d x1' c4 ,?is has become s common t "s ( ! be/ gramm>s ( ! language furni% au?ority = ! b>b>ism1 & ev5 9 ! second p]son supply w]t1 z a conv5i5t accompanim5t4 ,if su* a conjugation is admitt$1 we may expect to see ,%akspe>e's '?\ bee/' 9 full use4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 ,ed4 ( #ahba1 p4 #ee4 ,9 ,*&l]'s ,common ,s*ool ,gramm>1 ( #ahdg1 ! language ( ?is p>agraph is some:at s(t5$1 b ! sub/ance is /ill reta9$4 ,see ! latt] "w1 p4 #hj4 #bfd ,if ,i 71 ,if ?\ 74 ,if he 74--,h>rison's ,gram41 p4 #ca4 ,if1 or ?\gh1 ,i 7 lov$4 ,if1 or ?\gh1 ?\ 71 or w]t lov$4 ,if1 or ?\gh1 he 7 lov$4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p i1 p4 #fi4 ,if1 ?\gh1 c4 ,i 7 burn$1 ?\ 7 burn$ or y 7 burn$1 he 7 burn$4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #ec4 ,?\gh ?\ 74 ,"s say1 '?\gh ?\ w]t4'--,mack9to%'s ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,if or ?\gh ,i 74 ,if or ?\gh ?\ 74 ,if or ?\gh he 74--,/4 ,qu5t9's ,g5]al ,gram41 p4 #hf4 ,if ,i 01 ,?\ wa/1 or ,y 0 or 71 ,he 04 ,or ?us3 ,if ,i 71 ,?\ w]t1 or y 0 or 71 ,he 74--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #ie2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,,pres5t ,,t5se4 ,be=e1 c4 ,i be2 ?\ bee/1 or y be2 he1 %e1 or x1 be3 ,we1 y or ye1 !y1 be4 ,,pa/ ,,t5se4 ,be=e1 c4 ,i 72 ?\ w]t1 or y 72 he1 %e1 or x1 72 ,we1 y or ye1 !y1 74--,,:ite1 on ! ,engli% ,v]b1 p4 #eb4 #bfe ,! text 9 ,acts1 xxii1 #bj?1 ,i also 0 /&+ by1 & cons5t+ unto 8 dea?1 ought r to be1 ,i also /ood by1 & cons5t$ to 8 dea?2 b ! pres5t read+ is1 ?us f>1 a lit]al v]sion f ! ,greek1 ?\gh ! v]b kept1 t foll[s1 is n4 ,montanus r5d]s x lit]ally3 ,et ipse eram a/ans1 et cons5ti5s int]emptioni ejus1 et cu/odi5s ve/im5ta int]fici5tium illum4 ,beza makes x bett] ,lat9 ?us3 ,ego quoque ad/abam1 et una ass5tieb> cdi ipsius1 et cu/odiebam pallia eorum qui int]imebant eum4 ,o!r examples ( a que/ionable or improp] use ( ! progressive =m may occasionally be f\nd 9 good au?ors2 z1 ,a promis+ boy ( six ye>s ( age1 0 miss+ by 8 p>5ts4--,:itti]1 ,/rang] 9 ,l[ell1 p4 #ajj4 ,miss+1 want+1 & will+1 aft] ! v]b to be1 are commonly reckon$ p>ticipial adjectives2 b "h 0 miss+ is made a passive v]b1 equival5t to 0 miss$1 :i*1 p]haps1 w\ld bett] express ! mean+4 ,to miss1 to p]ceive ! abs5ce (1 is su* an act ( ! m9d1 z seems unsuit$ to ! comp\nd =m1 to be miss+2 &1 if we _c say1 ,! "m 0 miss+ h] son1 ,i ?9k we ought n to use ! same =m passively1 z above4 #bff ,"s gramm>ians1 contr>y to ! common op9ion1 suppose ! v]bs "h spok5 (1 to h1 n a passive1 b a neut] signification4 ,?us1 ,joseph ,guy1 ,jun41 ( ,london3 ,active v]bs (t5 take a neut] s5se2 z1 ,a h\se is build+2 "h1 is build+ is us$ 9 a neut] signification1 because x has no object aft] x4 ,by ?is rule are expla9$ su* s5t5ces z1 ,application is want+2 ,! gramm> is pr9t+2 ,! lott]y is draw+2 ,x is fly+1 c4--,guy's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,neut]1 "h1 z 9 _m o!r places1 is meant to include ! active-intransitives4 ,is fly+ is ( ?is class2 & is want+1 correspond+ to ! ,lat9 c>et1 appe>s to be neut]2 hut ! re/ seem r to be passives4 ,tri$1 h[ev]1 by ! usual crit]ion1--! nam+ ( ! ag5t :i*1 x is said1 a v]b passive necess>ily implies1--:at may at fir/ seem progressive passives1 may n always be f\nd su*4 ,mo/ v]bs signify+ action says ,dr4 ,johnson1 may likewise signify condition1 or habit1 & become neut]s1 i4 e4 active-intransitives2 z ,i love1 ,i am 9 love2 ,i /rike1 ,i am n[ /rik+4--,gram4 be=e ,qu>to ,dict41 p4 #g4 ,s sell1 =m1 make1 & _m o!rs1 usually transitive1 h sometimes an active-intransitive s5se :i* ne>ly approa*es ! passive1 & ( :i* are sell+1 is =m+1 are mak+1 & ! l1 may be only equival5t expressions4 ,= example3 ,x is cold1 & ice =ms rapidly--is =m+ rapidly--or is =m$ rapidly4--,"h1 ) little diff]5ce ( mean+1 is ! appe>ance ( bo? voices1 ! ,active & ! ,passive2 :ile is =m+1 :i* "s w h = an example ( ! ,middle voice1 may be ref]r$ to ei!r4 ,if ! foll[+ passive con/ruction is "r1 is want+ or are want+ may be a v]b ( ?ree or f\r diff]5t sorts3 ,reflections t may drive away despair1 _c be want+ by him1 :o consid]s1 c4--,johnson's ,rambl]1 ,no4 #abi3 ,wright's ,gram41 p4 #aif4 #bfg ,dr4 ,bullions1 9 8 gramm> ( #ahdi1 says1 ,nobody w\ld ?9k ( say+1 ',he is be+ lov$'--',?is result is be+ desir$4'--,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #bcg4 ,b1 accord+ to ,j4 ,w4 ,wright1 ^: sup]iority 9 gramm> has sixty-two titl$ v\*]s1 ?is unhe>d-( b>b>ism is1 = ! pres5t passive1 precisely & solely :at "o ought to say6 ,nor is x1 9 fact1 any m b>b>\s1 or m =eign f usage1 ?an ! spuri\s example :i* ! ,doctor himself takes = a model 9 ! active voice3 ,i am lov+4 ,?\ art lov+1 c2 ,i h be5 lov+1 ,?\ ha/ be5 lov+1 c4--,a4 & ,p4 ,gr41 p4 #ib4 ,s3 ,james is lov+ me4--,ib41 p #bce4 #bfh ,! pr$icate 9 ! =m1 ',! h\se is be+ built1' w\ld be1 accord+ to our view1 ',,be+ ,,be+ built1' :i* is manife/ly an absurd tautology4--,mulligan's ,gram41 #aheb1 p4 #aea4 #bfi ,suppose a crim9al to be endur+ ! op]ation ( b9d+3--,%all we say1 ) ,mr4 ,murray1--',! crim9al is b9d+8' ,if s1 ,,he ,,mu/ ,,be ,,b9d+ ,,some?+1--a circum/ance1 9 effect1 q oppos$ to ! fact pres5t$4 ,%all we !n say1 z he does1 9 ! pres5t t5se conjugation ( 8 passive v]b1--',! crim9al is b\nd8' ,if s1 ! action ( b9d+1 :i* ! crim9al is suff]+1 w be repres5t$ z complet$1 --a position :i* ! action its self w palpably d5y4 ,see ,wright's ,phil4 ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,x is folly = a man to puzzle himself or o!rs ?us1 ) fictiti\s examples1 imag9$ on purpose to make good usage seem wrong4 ,!re is bad gramm> en\gh1 = all useful purposes1 9 ! actual writ+s ( valu$ au?ors2 b :o c %[1 by any pro(s1 t ! ,engli% language1 z h]et(ore writt51 is s mis]ably inadequate to our wants1 t we ne$ use ! /range neologism1 ,! crim9al is be+ b\nd1 or any ?+ simil>8 #bgj ,x is a v /range ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ,engli% gramm>1 t su* a controv]sy z ?is %\ld h aris52 b a /rang] "o /ill1 t1 aft] all t has be5 said1 m argum5t is ne$$4 ,"s m51 :o hope to be valu$ z s*ol>s1 yet /ickle = an odd phrase1 :i* critics h d5\nc$ z foll[s3 ,b ! hi/ory ( ! language sc>cely af=ds a p>allel to ! innovation1 at once unphilosophical & hyp]critical1 p$antic & illit]ate1 :i* has lately appe>$ 9 ! excruciat+ ref9em5t 'is be+' & its unm]ciful v>iations4 ,we hope1 & inde$ believe1 t x has n receiv$ ! sanction ( any gramm> adopt$ 9 our popul> education1 z x c]ta9ly nev] w ( any writ] ( j pret5sions to s*ol>%ip4--,! ,true ,sun4 ,n4 ,y41 ,april #af1 #ahdf4 #bga ,education is a "w ( cont9uance1 yet complet$1 l _m o!rs1 z fa/ z x goes on4 ,x is n1 l ! act ( lov+ or hat+1 s complete at ! fir/ mom5t z n to admit ! progressive =m ( ! v]b2 = "o may say ( a lad1 ,i am educat+ him = ! law2 & possibly1 ,he is educat+ = ! law2 ?\gh n s well z1 ,he is to be educat$ = ! law4 ,b1 to suppose t is educat$ or are educat$ implies unnecess>ily a cessation ( ! educat+ is a mi/ake4 ,t conception is "r1 only :5 educat$ is tak5 adjectively4 ,! phrase1 ^? :o are educat$ 9 our sem9>ies1 h>dly includes su* z h be5 educat$ !re 9 times pa/3 mu* less does x apply to ^! exclusively1 z "s seem to ?9k4 ,be+1 z ins]t$ by ,s\!y1 is !re=e q ne$less3 s x is (t51 9 ?is new phraseology1 ! be/ correction be+ its m]e omission4 #bgb ,worce/] has also ?is citation3 ,! ,eclectic ,review rem>ks1 ',t a ne$ ( ?is phrase1 or an equival5t "o1 is felt1 is suffici5tly prov$ by ! ext5t to :i* x is us$ by educat$ p]sons & respectable writ]s4'--,gram4 be=e ,dict41 p4 xlvi4 ,sundry phrases1 equival5t 9 s5se to ?is new voice1 h long be5 9 use1 & are1 ( c\rse1 /ill ne$$2 some?+ f among !m be+ always1 by e accurate writ]1 /ill pref]r$4 ,b ?is awkw>d innovation1 use x :o w1 c no m be ju/ifi$ by a plea ( ne$1 ?an c e o!r hackney$ solecism extant4 ,ev5 ! ,ar*bi%op1 if quot$ "r by ,worce/]1 has desc5d$ to unc\? ,engli%1 )\t ei!r necessity or propriety1 hav+ !reby only misexp\nd$ a v common ,greek ^w--a p]fect or plup]fect p>ticiple1 :i* means beat51 /ruck1 or hav+ be5 beat5--,g4 ,br[n4 #bgc ,wells has also ! foll[+ citations1 :i* mo/ probably accord ) 8 own op9ions1 ?\gh ! fir/ is r extravagant3 ,! propriety ( ^! imp]fect passive t5ses has be5 d\bt$ by almo/ all our gramm>ians2 ?\gh ,i believe b few ( !m h writt5 _m pages )\t condesc5d+ to make use ( !m4 ,dr4 ,beattie says1 ',"o ( ! greate/ defects ( ! ,engli% tongue1 ) reg>d to ! v]b1 seems to be ! want ( an imp]fect passive p>ticiple4' ,& yet he uses ! imp]fect p>ticiple 9 a passive s5se z (t5 z mo/ writ]s4--,pickb\rn's ,diss]tation on ! ,engli% ,v]b4 ,sev]al o!r expressions ( ?is sort n[ & !n occur1 su* z ! new-fangl$ & mo/ unc\? solecism1 'is be+ done1' = ! good old ,engli% idiomatic expression1 'is do+1'--an absurd p]iphrasis1 driv+ out a po9t$ & pi?y turn ( ! ,engli% language4--,n4 ,a4 ,review4 ,see ,wells's ,gramm>1 #ahej1 p4 #afa4 ,! t]m1 imp]fect passive t5ses1 seems n a v accurate "o2 because ! pres5t1 ! p]fect1 c41 are includ$4 ,pickb\rn applies x to any passive t5ses =m$ f ! simple imp]fect p>ticiple2 b ! phrase1 passive v]bs 9 ! progressive =m1 w\ld bett] express ! mean+4 ,! t]m1 comp\nd passive p>ticiple1 :i* ,wells applies above to be+ built1 be+ pr9t$1 & ! l1 is also bo? unusual & inaccurate4 ,mo/ read]s w\ld soon] und]/& by x ! =m1 hav+ be5 built1 hav+ be5 pr9t$1 c4 ,?is au?or's mode ( nam+ p>ticiples is always ei!r v awkw>d or n di/9ctive4 ,8 s*eme makes x necess>y to add "h1 = ea* ( ^! =ms1 a ?ird epi!t1 ref]r+ to 8 ma9 di/9ction ( imp]fect & p]fect2 z1 ! comp\nd imp]fect p>ticiple passive1 & ! comp\nd p]fect p>ticiple passive4 ,:at is be+ build$ or be+ pr9t$1 b an imp]fect passive p>ticiple8 ,0 ?is1 or some?+ else1 ! desid]atum ( ,beattie8 #bgd ,borne usually signifies c>ri$2 born signifies br\ght =?4 ,j4 ,k4 ,worce/]1 ! lexicograph]1 speaks ( ^! two p>ticiples ?us3 ,fi/ ,! p>ticiple born is us$ 9 ! passive =m1 & borne 9 ! active =m1 ) ref]5ce to bir?2 z1 ',he 0 born bl9d1' ,john ix42 ',! b>r5 ha? borne sev51' ,i ,sam4 ii4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 born & borne1 ?\gh n recogniz$ by gramm>s1 is 9 accordance ) common usage1 at lea/ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 _m editions ( ! ,bible x is recogniz$2 & 9 _m x is n4 ,x seems to h be5 m commonly recogniz$ 9 ,am]ican1 ?an 9 ,engli%1 editions4--,worce/]'s ,univ]sal & ,critical ,dict41 w4 ,be>4 ,9 five1 out ( sev5 good ,am]ican editions ( ! ,bible among my books1 ! latt] text is1 ,! b>r5 ha? born sev52 9 two1 x is z above1 ha? borne4 ,9 ,johnson's ,qu>to ,diction>y1 ! p]fect p>ticiple ( be> is giv5 errone\sly1 bore1 or born2 & t ( =be>1 :i* %\ld be =borne1 is f\nd1 bo? 9 8 columns & 9 8 preface1 =born4 #bge ,accord+ to ,murray1 ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 & "s o!rs1 to use begun = began or run = ran1 is improp]2 b ,web/] gives run z well z ran = ! pret]it1 & begun may be us$ 9 l mann]1 on ! au?ority ( ,dryd51 ,pope1 & ,p>nell4 #bgf ,& !y %all pass ?r\gh x1 h>dly be/ead1 & hungry4--,isaiah1 viii1 #ba4 #bgg ,brake = ! pret]it ( ,break seems n[ obsolesc5t4--,dr4 ,crombie1 ,etymol4 & ,syntax1 p4 #aic4 ,"s rec5t gramm>ians1 h[ev]1 reta9 x2 among :om are ,bullions & ,m',cullo*4 ,wells reta9s x1 b m>ks x z1 ,obsolete2 z he does also ! pret]its b>e1 clave1 drove1 gat1 slang1 spake1 span1 spat1 sw>e1 t>e1 writ2 & ! p>ticiples hov51 load51 rid f ride1 spitt51 /rick51 & writ4 ,9 ?is he is n altoge!r consi/5t4 ,=ms really obsolete belong n to any mod]n li/ ( irregul> v]bs2 & ev5 su* z are ar*aic & obsolesc5t1 x is sometimes bett] to omit4 ,if load51 = example1 is n[ out ( use1 :y %\ld load1 unload1 & ov]load1 be plac$1 z !y are by ?is au?or1 among irregul> v]bs2 :ile freight & di/ract1 9 spite ( fraught & di/raught1 are reckon$ regul>8 ,rid1 = rode or ridd51 ?\gh admitt$ by ,worce/]1 appe>s to me a l[ vulg>ism4 #bgh ,cleave1 to split1 is mo/ commonly1 if n always1 irregul>1 z above2 cleave1 to /ick1 or adh]e1 is usually consid]$ regul>1 b clave 0 =m]ly us$ 9 ! pret]it1 & clove /ill may be3 z1 ,! m5 ( ,judah clave unto _! k+4--,samuel4 ,! tongue ( ! public prosecutor clove to ! ro( ( 8 m\?4--,bo/on ,atlas1 #ahee4 #bgi ,respect+ ! pret]it & ! p]fect p>ticiple ( ?is v]b1 dr9k1 our gramm>ians are greatly at v>iance4 ,dr4 ,johnson says1 pret]4 drank or drunk2 "p4 pass1 drunk or drunk54 ,dr4 ,web/]3 pret4 & pp4 drank4 ,old pret4 & pp4 drunk2 pp4 drunk54 ,l[?3 pret4 drank2 "p1 drunk or drunk54 ,s ,/am=d4 ,webb]1 & o!rs4 ,murray has x3 ,imp]f4 drank1 ,p]f4 ,"p1 drunk4 ,s ,comly1 ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 ,blair1 ,butl]4 ,fro/1 ,felton1 ,goldsbury1 & _m o!rs4 ,*ur*ill cites ! text1 ,s]ve me till ,i h eat5 & drunk52 & obs]ves1 ,drunk5 is n[ us$ only z an adjective4 ,! impropriety ( us+ ! pret]imp]fect drank = ! p>ticiple ( ?is v]b is v common4--,new ,gram41 p4 #bfa4 ,sanborn gives bo? =ms = ! p>ticiple1 pref]r+ drank to drunk4 ,kirkham pref]s drunk to drank2 b contradicts himself 9 a note1 by unconsci\sly mak+ drunk an adjective3 ,! m5 7 drunk2 i4 e4 inebriat$4 ,! toa/s 7 drank4--,gram41 p4 #adj4 ,c>dell1 9 8 ,gramm>1 gives1 dr9k1 drank1 drunk2 b 9 8 /ory ( ,jack ,haly>d1 on page #ei1 he wrote1 _h dr9k$3 & ?is1 accord+ to ,f[le's ,true ,engli% ,gramm>1 is n incorrect4 ,! prepond]ance ( au?ority is yet 9 fav\r ( say+1 _h drunk2 b drank seems to be a ^w ( great] delicacy1 & p]haps x is suffici5tly au?oriz$4 ,a hundr$ late writ]s may be quot$ = x1 & "s t 7 popul> 9 ! days ( ,johnson4 ,9 ! *oice ( :at is fit to be eat5 & drank4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #ea4 ,:i* ,i _h no soon] drank4--,addison1 ,tattl]1 ,no4 #aca4 ,?y bro!r's blood ! ?ir/y e>? ha? drank1 ,broa*'d ) ! /eely po9t ( ,clif=d's lance4--,%akspe>e4 #bhj ,hold5 is n 9 g5]al use2 & is *iefly employ$ by attorneys4--,crombie1 on ,etymology & ,synt41 p4 #aij4 ,wells m>ks ?is ^w z1 ,obsolesc5t4--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,l4 ,murray reject$ x2 b ,l[? gave x alone1 z a p>ticiple1 & held only z a pret]it4 #bha ,i h be5 f\nd guilty ( kill+ cats ,i nev] hurt$4--,rod]ick ,r&om1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #h4 #bhb ,!y keep$ alo( z !y pass$ h] bye4--,j4 ,hogg1 ,pilgrims ( ! ,sun1 p4 #ai4 #bhc ,lie1 to be at re/1 is irregul>1 z above2 b lie1 to utt] falsehood1 is regul>1 z foll[s3 lie1 li$1 ly+1 li$4 ,?us said1 at lea/1 my m\nta9 guide1 ,?\gh deep1 p]*ance1 ! villa9 li$4 --,scott's ,lady ( ! ,lake4 #bhd ,p]haps !re is au?ority suffici5t to place ! v]b r5d among ^? :i* are r$undant4 ,:]e'er its cl\dy veil 0 r5d$4 --,:itti]'s ,moll ,pit*]4 ,mortal1 my message is = !e2 ?y *a9 to e>? is r5d$2 ,i be> !e to et]nity2 prep>e6 ?y c\rse is end$4 --,! ,amulet4 ,come z ! w9ds come1 :5 =e/s are r5d$4 --,sir ,w4 ,scott4 ,! hung] pangs h] sons :i* r5d$4 --,,new ,,qu>t]ly ,,review3 ,exam9]1 ,no4 #aai4 #bhe ,we f9d n[ & !n an in/ance 9 :i* ga9say is made regul>3 z1 ,x c nei!r be rivall$ nor ga9say$4--,*apman's ,s]mons to ,presbyt]ians1 p4 #cf4 ,p]haps x w\ld be z well to foll[ ,web/] "h1 9 writ+ rival$ ) "o l3 & ! analogy ( ! simple v]b say1 9 =m+ ?is comp\nd irregul>ly1 ga9said4 ,usage w>rants ! latt]1 h[ev]1 bett] ?an ! =m]4 #bhf ,%oe1 %o$ or %od1 %oe+1 %o$ or %od4--,old ,gram41 by ,w4 ,w>d1 p4 #fd2 & ,f[le's ,true ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #df4 #bhg ,a4 ,murray has reject$ sung z ! ,pret]ite1 & ,l4 ,murray has reject$ sang4 ,ea* ,pret]ite1 h[ev]1 re/s on good au?ority4 ,! same obs]vation may be made1 respect+ sank & sunk4 ,respect+ ! pret]ites :i* h a or u1 z slang1 or slung1 sank1 or sunk1 x w\ld be bett] 7 ! =m] only to be us$1 z ! ,pret]ite & ,p>ticiple w\ld ?us be discrim9at$4--,dr4 ,crombie1 on ,etymology & ,syntax1 p4 #aii4 ,! pret]its :i* ?is critic ?us pref]s1 are rang1 sang1 /ung1 sprang1 swang1 sank1 %rank1 slank1 /ank1 swam1 & span = spun4 ,9 respect to !m all1 ,i ?9k he makes an ill *oice4 ,accord+ to 8 own %[+1 fl+1 /r+1 & /+1 always make ! pret]it & ! p>ticiple alike2 & ?is is ! obvi\s t5d5cy ( ! language1 9 all ^! words4 ,i reject slang & span1 z d]ivatives f sl+ & sp92 because1 9 su* a s5se1 !y are obsolete1 & ! words h o!r uses4 ,l9dley ,murray1 9 8 e>ly editions1 reject$ sang1 sank1 slang1 swang1 %rank1 slank1 /ank1 & span2 &1 at ! same "t1 pref]r$ rang1 sprang1 & swam1 to rung1 sprung1 & swum4 ,9 8 lat] copies1 he gave ! pref]5ce to ! u1 9 all ^! words2 b re/or$ sang & sank1 :i* ,crombie names above1 /ill omitt+ ! o!r six1 :i* did n happ5 to be m5tion$ to him4 #bhh ,sate = ! pret]it ( sit1 & sitt5 = ! p]fect p>ticiple1 are1 9 my op9ion1 obsolete1 or no long] 9 good use4 ,yet sev]al rec5t gramm>ians pref] sitt5 to sat2 among :om are ,crombie1 ,l5nie1 ,bullions1 & ,m',cullo*4 ,dr4 ,crombie says1 ,sitt51 ?\gh =m]ly 9 use1 is n[ obsolesc5t4 ,laudable attempts1 h[ev]1 h be5 made to re/ore x4--,on ,etymol4 & ,syntax1 p4 #aii4 ,l5nie says1 ,_m au?ors1 bo? "h & 9 ,am]ica1 use sate z ! ,pa/ "t ( sit2 b ?is is improp]1 = x is apt to be conf\nd$ ) sate to glut4 ,sitt5 & spitt5 are pref]able to sat & spit1 ?\gh obsolesc5t4--,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #de4 ,bullions says1 ,sitt5 & spitt5 are ne>ly obsolete1 ?\gh pref]able to sat & spit4--,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,m',cullo* gives ^! v]bs 9 ! foll[+ =m3 ,sit1 sat1 sitt5 or sat4 ,spit1 spit or spat1 spit or spitt54--,manual ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #fe4 #bhi ,he w f9d ! political hobby :i* he has be/rid$ no *ild's nag4--,! ,vangu>d1 a ,newspap]4 ,?r\gh ! press$ no/ril1 spectacle-be/rid4--,c[p]4 ,a lank hair$ hunt] /rid$4--,:itti]'s ,sabba? ,sc5e4 #bij ,9 ! age ( ,pope1 writ 0 frequ5tly us$ bo? = ! p>ticiple & = ! pret]it ( ?is v]b4 ,x is n[ ei!r obsolete or peculi> to ! poets4 ,9 prose x seems vulg>3 z1 ,he writ x1 at lea/1 publi%$ x1 9 #afgj4--;,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #gg4 ,he1 :o1 supreme 9 judgem5t1 z 9 wit1 ,might boldly c5sure1 z he boldly writ4--,pope1 ,ess4 on ,crit4 ,dr4 ,crombie rem>k$1 m ?an ?irty ye>s ago1 t1 ,wrote z ! ,p>ticiple ( ,write1 is g5]ally disus$1 & likewise writ4--,treatise on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #bjb4 #bia ,a ^w is n necess>ily ungrammatical by reason ( hav+ a rival =m t is m common4 ,! regul> words1 besee*$1 bl[$1 bur/$1 digg$1 freez$1 b]eav$1 hang$1 mean$1 saw$1 %[$1 /r+$1 weep$1 ,i admit = good ,engli%1 ?\gh we f9d !m all condemn$ by "s critics4 #bib ,& ! man 9 :om ! evil _s 01 leapt on !m4--,,fri5ds' ,,bible3 ,acts1 xix1 #af4 ,9 ,scott's ,bible1 & sev]al o!rs1 ! ^w is leap$4 ,walk] says1 ,! pa/ "t ( ?is v]b is g5]ally he>d ) ! diph?ong %ort2 & if s1 x ought to be spell$ leapt1 rhym+ ) kept4--,walk]'s ,pron4 ,dict41 w4 ,leap4 ,worce/]1 :o improp]ly pron\nces leap$ 9 two ways1 lept or lept1 misquotes ,walk]1 z say+1 x ought to be spell$ lept4--,univ]sal & ,critical ,dict41 w4 ,leap4 ,9 ! solemn /yle1 leap$ is1 ( c\rse1 two syllables4 ,z = leap$/ or leapte/1 ,i "k n t ei!r c be f\nd4 #bic ,acquit is almo/ always =m$ regul>ly1 ?us3 acquit1 acquitt$1 acquitt+1 acquitt$4 ,b1 l quit1 x is sometimes f\nd 9 an irregul> =m also2 :i*1 if x be all[able1 w make x r$undant3 z1 ,to be acquit f my cont9ual sm>t4--,,sp5c]3 ,johnson's ,dict4 ,! writ] holds himself acquit ( all *>ges 9 ?is reg>d4--,judd1 on ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 p4 #e4 ,i am glad ,i am s acquit ( ?is t9d]-box4--,,%ak4 #bid ,n "k my voice6 ,o1 "t's extremity6 ,ha/ ?\ s crack'd & splitt$ my poor tongue8 --,,%ak43 ,com4 ( ,er4 #bie ,:et is made r$undant 9 ,web/]'s ,am]ican ,diction>y1 z well z 9 ,wells's ,gramm>2 b ,i c h>dly affirm t ! irregul> =m ( x is well au?oriz$4 #bif ,9 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,practical ,gramm>1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahdg--;a "w ( high pret5sions1 & prep>$ expressly = ! education ( ,tea*]s--sixty-?ree out ( ! =ego+ n9ety-five ,r$undant ,v]bs1 are treat$ z hav+ no regul> or no irregul> =ms4 7#a47 ,! foll[+ tw5ty-n9e are omitt$ by ?is au?or1 z if !y 7 always regul>2 belay1 bet1 betide1 bl5d1 bless1 curse1 dive1 dress1 geld1 lean1 leap1 le>n1 mulet1 pass1 p51 plead1 prove1 rap1 reave1 roa/1 see!1 smell1 spoil1 /ave1 /ay1 wake1 w$1 :et1 wont4 7#b47 ,! foll[+ ?irty-f\r are giv5 by him z be+ always irregul>2 abide1 b5d1 besee*1 bl[1 bur/1 cat*1 *ide1 creep1 deal1 freeze1 gr9d1 hang1 knit1 lade1 lay1 mean1 pay1 %ake1 sleep1 slide1 spe$1 spell1 spill1 split1 /r+1 /rive1 sweat1 sweep1 ?rive1 ?r[1 weave1 weep1 wet1 w9d4 ,?irty-two ( ! n9ety-five are made r$undant by him1 ?\gh n s call$ 9 8 book4 ,9 ,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>1 ! #aac? ,?\s&1 dat$ #ahej1 ! defici5cies ( ! =ego+ k9ds1 if ,i am "r1 are ab\t fifty4 ,?is au?or's ,li/ ( ,irregul> ,v]bs has =ty-f\r ,r$undants1 to :i* he assigns a regul> =m z well z an irregul>4 ,he is "h ab\t z mu* ne>] "r ?an ,cl>k1 z ?is numb] surpasses ?irty-two1 & comes t[>ds n9ety-five4 ,! words ab\t :i* !y diff]1 are--p51 see!1 & :et1 ( ! =m] numb]2 & cat*1 deal1 hang1 knit1 spell1 spill1 sweat1 & ?rive1 ( ! latt]4 #big ,9 ! foll[+ example1 !re is a diff]5t phraseology1 :i* seems n s well suit$ to ! s5se3 ,b we mu/ be aw>e ( imag9+1 t we r5d] /yle /rong & expressive1 by a con/ant & multipli$ use ( epi!ts--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bhg4 ,"h1 9 /ead ( be aw>e1 ! au?or %\ld h said1 bew>e1 or be w>e2 t is1 be w>y1 or cauti\s2 = aw>e means appris$1 or in=m$1 a s5se v diff]5t f ! o!r4 #bih ,dr4 ,crombie cont5ds t mu/ & ought are us$ only 9 ! pres5t t5se4 7,see 8 ,treatise1 p4 #bjd47 ,9 ?is he is wrong1 especially ) reg>d to ! latt] ^w4 ,l5nie1 & 8 copyi/ ,bullions1 adopt ! same notion2 b ,murray1 & _m o!rs1 suppose !m to h bo? a pres5t & a pa/ signification4 #bii ,dr4 ,crombie says1 ,?is ,v]b1 z an auxili>y1 is inflexible2 ?us we say1 'he w g2' & 'he wills to g4'--,treatise on ,etym4 & ,syntax1 p4 #bjc4 ,he %\ld h conf9$ 8 rem>ks to ! famili> /yle1 9 :i* all ! auxili>ies1 except d1 be1 & h1 are inflexible4 ,=1 9 ! solemn /yle1 we d n say1 ,?\ w g1 b1 ,?\ wilt g4 #cjj ,,_h-,i-,,wi/4 ,a prov]bial expression1 ,oh t ,i _h kn[n4 ,g[]4--,*alm]s's ,dict41 also ,web/]'s4 ,9 ?is phrase1 :i* is "h ne$lessly comp\nd$1 & n v prop]ly expla9$1 we see wi/ us$ z a p]fect p>ticiple4 ,b ! ^w is obsolete4 ,_h ,i wi/1 is !re=e an obsolete phrase1 mean+4 ,if ,i _h kn[n1 or1 ,o t ,i _h kn[n4 #cja ,t is1 passive v]bs1 z well z o!rs1 h ?ree p>ticiples = ea*2 s t1 f "o active-transitive root1 !re come six p>ticiples--?ree active1 & ?ree passive4 ,^? num]\s gramm>ians :o1 l ,l9dley ,murray1 make passive v]bs a di/9ct class1 = ! mo/ "p1 v prop]ly /ate ! p>ticiples ( a v]b to be ?ree2 b1 to repres5t ! two voices z modifications ( "o species ( v]bs1 & !n say1 ,! ,p>ticiples are ?ree1 z _m rec5t writ]s d1 is manife/ly absurd3 because two ?rees %\ld be six4 ,?us1 = example1 ,dr4 ,bullions3 ,9 ,engli% 1 ! transitive v]b has always two voices1 ! ,active & ! ,passive4--,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #cc4 ,! ,p>ticiples are ?ree1 3 ! ,pres5t1 ! ,p]fect1 & ! ,comp\nd ,p]fect4--,ib41 p4 #eg4 ,aga93 ,transitive v]bs h two voices1 call$ ! ,active & ! ,passive4--,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,v]bs h ?ree p>ticiples--! pres5t1 ! pa/1 & ! p]fect2 z1 lov+1 lov$1 hav+ lov$1 9 ! active voice3 ,,& be+ lov$1 lov$1 hav+ be5 lov$1 9 ! passive4--,ib41 p4 #gf4 ,n[ ei!r n all ^! are ! p>ticiples ( "o v]b1 or t v]b has m ?an ?ree4 ,take y\r *oice4 ,r$undant v]bs usually h duplicate =ms ( all ! p>ticiples except ! ,imp]fect ,active2 z1 light+1 light$ or lit1 hav+ light$ or hav+ lit2 s aga91 be+ light$ or be+ lit1 light$ or lit1 hav+ be5 light$ or hav+ be5 lit4 #cjb ,! div]sity 9 ! application ( ^! names1 & 9 ! numb] or nature ( ! p>ticiples recogniz$ 9 diff]5t gramm>s1 is q z rem>kable z t ( ! names !mselves4 ,to prep>e a g5]al synopsis ( ?is discordant tea*+1 no man w probably ?9k x wor? 8 :ile4 ,! foll[+ are a few examples ( x3 #a4 ,h[ _m ,p>ticiples1 are !re2 ,!re are two1 ! ,active ,p>ticiple :i* ends 9 7+71 z burn+1 & ! ,passive ,p>ticiple :i* ends 9 7ed7 z1 burn$4--,! ,briti% ,gramm>1 p4 #adj4 ,9 ?is book1 ! p>ticiples ( ,be are nam$ ?us3 ,,active4 ,be+4 ,,passive4 ,be51 hav+ be54--,ib41 p4 #ach4 #b4 ,h[ _m ,sorts ( ,p>ticiples are !re8 ,a4 ,two2 ! ,active ,p>ticiple1 t ends always 9 +2 z1 lov+1 & ! ,passive ,p>ticiple1 t ends always 9 ed1 t1 or n2 z1 lov$1 taught1 sla94--,fi%]'s ,practical ,new ,gram41 p4 #ge4 #c4 ,,active ,,voice4 ,p>ticiples4 ,pres5t1 call+4 ,pa/1 hav+ call$4 ,future1 be+ ab\t to call4 ,,passive ,,voice4 ,pres5t1 be+ call$4 ,pa/1 hav+ be5 call$4 ,future1 be+ ab\t to be call$4--,w>d's ,practical ,gram41 pp4 #ee & #ei4 #d4 ,,act4 ,pres5t1 lov+2 ,p]fect1 lov$2 ,pa/1 hav+ lov$4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ci4 ,! p>ticiples passive are n giv5 by ,l[?2 b1 by inf]5ce f 8 rule = =m+ ! passive v]b1 !y mu/ be ^!3 ,pres5t1 be+ lov$2 ,p]fect1 lov$1 or be5 lov$2 ,pa/1 hav+ be5 lov$4 ,see ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #dd4 #e4 ,,act4 ,v4 ,pres5t1 ,lov+4 ,pa/1 ,lov$4 ,p]fect1 ,hav+ lov$4 ,,pas4 ,v4 ,pres4 ,be+ lov$4 ,pa/1 ,lov$4 ,p]f4 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,l5nie's ,gram41 pp4 #be & #cc2 ,gre5e's ,analysis1 p4 #bbe2 ,bullions's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 pp4 #hg & #ie4 ,?is is ,bullions's revis$ s*eme1 & mu* worse ?an 8 =m] "o copi$ f ,murray4 #f4 ,,act4 ,pres5t4 ,lov+4 ,p]fect4 ,lov$4 ,comp\nd ,p]fect1 ,hav+ lov$4 ,,pas4 ,pres5t4 ,be+ lov$4 ,p]fect or ,passive4 ,lov$4 ,comp\nd ,p]fect4 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,l4 ,murray's late editions1 pp4 #ih & #ii2 ,h>t's ,gram41 pp4 #he & #hh2 ,bullions's ,pr9ciples ( ,e4 ,gram41 pp4 #dg & #ee4 ,no =m or "n ( ! fir/ p>ticiple passive 0 adopt$ by ,murray 9 8 e>ly editions4 #g4 ,,act4 ,pres5t4 ,pursu+4 ,p]fect4 ,pursu$4 ,comp\nd p]fect4 ,hav+ pursu$4 ,,pas4 ,pres5t & ,p]fect4 ,pursu$1 or be+ pursu$4 ,comp\nd ,p]fect4 ,hav+ be5 pursu$4--,rev4 ,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 pp4 #hh & #ic4 ,"h ! fir/ two passive =ms1 & _! names too1 are ?r[n toge!r2 ! =m] z equival5ts1 ! latt] z coalesc5ts4 #h4 ,,transitive4 ,pres4 ,lov+1 ,p]f4 ,hav+ lov$4 ,,passive4 ,pres4 ,lov$ or ,be+ lov$1 ,p]f4 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,p>khur/'s ,gram4 = ,beg9n]s1 p4 #aaj4 ,"h ! second active =m is want+2 & ! second passive is conf\nd$ ) ! fir/4 #i4 ,,act4 ,imp]fect1 ,lov+ 2 ,p]fect1 ,hav+ lov$ 4 ,,pas4 ,imp]fect1 ,be+ lov$ 2 ,p]fect1 ,lov$1 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 pp4 #ii & #aja4 ,"h1 too1 ! second active is n giv52 ! ?ird is call$ by ! "n ( ! second2 & ! second passive is conf\nd$ ) ! ?ird1 z if !y 7 b =ms ( ! same ?+4 #aj4 ,,act4 ,imp]fect1 7,pres5t17 ,lov+4 ,p]fect4 ,hav+ lov$4 ,auxili>y ,p]fect1 ,lov$4 ,,pas4 ,imp]fect1 7,pres5t17 ,be+ lov$4 ,p]fect1 ,hav+ be5 lov$4 ,passive1 ,lov$4--,n4 ,butl]'s ,pract4 ,gram41 pp4 #hd & #ia4 ,"h ! common ord] ( mo/ ( ! p>ticiples is v improp]ly di/urb$1 & z _m are misnam$4 #aa4 ,,act4 ,pres5t1 ,lov+ 2 ,p]fect1 ,lov$ 2 ,comp4 ,p]f4 ,hav+ lov$ 4 ,,pas4 ,pres5t1 ,be+ lov$ 2 ,p]fect1 ,lov$1 or be5 lov$ 2 ,comp\nd ,p]fect1 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,frazee's ,improv$ ,gram41 #fc & #gc4 ,"h ! second p>ticiple passive has two =ms1 "o ( :i*1 be5 lov$1 is n commonly recogniz$1 except z "p ( "s passive v]b or prep]fect p>ticiple4 #ab4 ,,act4 ,v4 ,imp]fect1 ,see+4 ,p]fect1 ,se54 ,comp\nd1 ,hav+ se54 ,,pas4 ,v4 ,pret]imp]fect1 ,be+ se54 ,pret]p]fect1 ,hav+ be5 se54--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #ajb4 ,"h ! *ief & radical passive p>ticiple is lack+1 & nei!r ( ! comp\nds is well nam$4 #ac4 ,,act4 ,pres5t1 ,lov+1 2 ,pa/1 ,lov$1 2 ,com4 ,pa/1 ,hav+ lov$4 ,,pas4 ,pres5t1 ,be+ lov$4 2 ,pa/1 ,lov$4 2 ,com4 ,pa/4 1 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,felton's ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 ( #ahdc1 pp4 #cg & #ej4 #ad4 ,,act4 ,pres5t4 1 ,lov+4 2 ,p]fect4 1 ,lov$4 2 ,comp\nd ,p]fect4 1 ,hav+ lov$4 ,,pas4 ,p]fect or ,passive4 ,lov$4 ,comp\nd ,p]fect4 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,bicknell's ,gram4 ,lond41 #agij1 ,"p ,i1 pp4 #ff & #gj2 ,l4 ,murray's #b;d ,edition1 ,york1 #agif1 pp4 #gb & #gg4 ,"h ,be+ lov$1 is n notic$4 #ae4 ,p>ticiples4 ,active ,voice4 ,pres5t4 ,lov+4 ,pa/4 ,lov$1 or hav+ lov$4 ,p>ticiples4 ,passive ,voice4 ,pres5t4 ,be+ lov$4 ,pa/4 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,john ,burn's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #gj4 ,"h ! *ief ,passive t]m1 ,lov$1 is omitt$1 & two ( ! active =ms are conf\nd$4 #af4 ,pres5t1 lov+1 ,pa/1 lov$1 ,comp\nd1 hav+ lov$4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 ( #ahdh1 p4 #ga4 ,,act4 ,,voice4--,pres5t 444 ,lov+ 2 ,comp\nd 1 ,hav+ lov$444444 ,hav+ be5 lov+4--,ib41 p4 #ha4 ,,pas4 ,,voice4--,pres5t44444 ,lov$1 or1 be+ lov$ 2 ,comp\nd44444 ,hav+ be5 lov$4--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,! ,comp\nd ,p>ticiple consi/s ( ! ,p>ticiple ( a pr9cipal v]b1 add$ to ! ^w hav+1 or be+1 or to ! two words hav+ be54 ,examples--,hav+ lov$--be+ lov$--hav+ be5 lov$4--,ib41 p4 #ga4 ,"h ! second extract is defici5t1 z may be se5 by comp>+ x ) ! fir/2 & ! f\r? is grossly errone\s1 z is %[n by ! ?ird4 ,! p>ticiples1 too1 are misnam$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! read] may obs]ve t ! punctuation ( ! =ego+ examples is v discrepant4 ,i h1 9 brackets1 sugge/$ "s corrections1 b h n attempt$ a g5]al adju/m5t ( x4 #cjc ,! mo/ unexceptionable di/9ction :i* gramm>ians make betwe5 ! p>ticiples1 is1 t ! "o po9ts to ! cont9uation ( ! action1 passion1 or /ate d5ot$ by ! v]b2 & ! o!r1 to ! completion ( x4 ,?us1 ! pres5t p>ticiple signifies imp]fect action1 or action begun & n end$3 z1 ',i am writ+ a lett]4' ,! pa/ p>ticiple signifies action p]fect$1 or f9i%$3 z1 ',i h writt5 a lett]4'--',! lett] is writt54'--,murray's ,gramm>1 #hvo1 p4 #fe4 ,! fir/ p>ticiple expresses a cont9uation2 ! o!r1 a completion4--,w4 ,all5's ,gramm>1 #abmo1 ,london1 #ahac4 ,! idea :i* ?is p>ticiple e4g4 'te>+' really expresses1 is simply t ( ! cont9uance ( an action 9 an incomplete or unf9i%$ /ate4 ,! action may belong to "t pres5t1 to "t pa/1 or to "t future4 ,! p>ticiple :i* d5otes ! completion ( an action1 z torn1 is call$ ! p]fect p>ticiple2 because x repres5ts ! action z p]fect or f9i%$4--,b>n>d's ,analytic ,gram41 p4 #ea4 ,emmons /eal?ily copies f my ,in/itutes z _m z t5 l9es 9 def5ce ( ! t]m ',imp]fect' & yet1 9 8 conjugations1 he calls ! p>ticiple 9 +1 ,pres5t4 ,?is seems inconsi/5t4 ,see 8 ,grammatical ,in/ruct]1 p4 #fa4 #cjd ,! anci5t t]m9ation 7f ! ,anglo-,saxon7 0 &2 z1 ',8 s*yn& sword4' ,d\glas4 ,& sometimes ende2 z1 ',%e1 betwe5 ! de? & life1 ,sw\n5de lay full (te4' ,g[]4--,w4 ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,! pres5t ,p>ticiple1 9 ,saxon1 0 =m$ by &e1 ende1 or onde2 &1 by cutt+ (f ! f9al e1 x acquir$ a ,sub/antive signification1 & ext5d$ ! idea to ! ag5t3 z1 alys5de1 free+1 & alys5d1 a r$eem]2 freonde1 lov+ or fri5dly1 & freond1 a lov] or a fri5d4--,boo?'s ,introd4 to ,dict41 p4 #ge4 #cje ,william ,b4 ,f[le1 a mod]n disciple ( ,tooke1 treats ! subject ( grammatical "t r m /rangely ?an 8 ma/]4 ,?us3 ,h[ _m times or t5ses h v]bs8 ,two1 ! pres5t & ! pa/1 ,to ?is he imm$iately adds 9 a note3 ,we d n believe 9 a pa/ any m ?an a future t5se ( v]bs4--,! ,true ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #cj4 ,s1 betwe5 ^! two au?ors1 our v]bs w reta9 no t5ses at all4 ,inde$1 by 8 two t5ses1 ,f[le only meant to recognize ! two simple =ms ( an ,engli% v]b4 ,= he says1 9 an o!r place1 ,we repeat our conviction t no v]b 9 itself expresses "t ( any sort4--,ib41 p4 #fi1 #cjf ,,/one'-,,bl9d1 ,,/one'-,,cold1 & ,,/one'-,,dead1 are giv5 9 ,worce/]'s ,diction>y1 z comp\nd adjectives2 & ?is is p]haps _! be/ classification2 b1 if ,i mi/ake n1 !y are usually acc5t$ q z /rongly on ! latt] syllable1 z on ! =m]1 be+ spok5 r z two emphatic words4 ,a simil> example f ,sig\rney1 ,i saw an infant m>ble cold1 is giv5 by ,frazee "u ?is ,note3 ,adjectives sometimes belong to o!r adjectives2 z1 'r$ hot iron4'--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,b ,web/] himself1 f :om ?is doctr9e & ! example are borr[$1 7see 8 ,rule ,,xix17 makes ,,r$'-,,hot b "o ^w 9 8 ,diction>y2 & ,worce/] gives x z "o ^w1 9 a less prop] =m1 ev5 )\t a hyph51 ,,r$',,hot4 #cjg ,,( ,,enallage4--,! con/ruction :i* may be r$uc$ to ?is figure 9 ,engli%1 *iefly appe>s :5 "o "p ( spee*1 is us$ ) ! p[] & effect ( ano!r4--,w>d's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #aej4 #cjh ,=soo? is lit]ally a ^w ( affirmation or ass5t1 mean+ = tru?1 b x is n[ almo/ always us$ ironically3 z1 ,9 ^! g5tlem5 :om ! _w =soo? calls wise & solid1 !re is g5]ally ei!r a moros5ess t p]secutes1 or a dullness t tires y4--,home's ,art ( ,?9k+1 p4 #bd4 #cji ,9 mo/ in/ances1 h[ev]1 ! words h]e(1 !re(1 & :]e(1 are plac$ aft] n\ns1 & h no?+ to d ) any v]b4 ,!y are !re=e n prop]ly adv]bs1 ?\gh all our gramm>ians & lexicograph]s call !m s4 ,nor are !y adjectives2 because !y are n us$ adjectively1 b r 9 ! s5se ( a pron\n gov]n$ by (2 or1 :at is ne>ly ! same ?+1 9 ! s5se ( ! possessive or g5itive case4 ,example3 ,& ! fame h]e( w5t abroad4--,matt41 ix1 #bf4 ,t is1 ! fame ( ?is miracle2 :i* la/ is a bett] expression1 ! o!r be+ obsolete1 or wor?y to be s1 on acc\nt ( its irregul>ity4 #caj ,seldom is sometimes comp>$ 9 ?is mann]1 ?\gh n frequ5tly2 z1 ,?is k9d ( v]se occurs ! seldome/1 b has a happy effect 9 div]sify+ ! melody4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #che4 ,9 =m] days1 ?is ^w1 z well z its correlative (t51 0 sometimes us$ adjectively2 z1 ,?9e (t5 infirmities4--#a ,tim41 v1 #bc4 ,i hope ,god's ,book ha? n be5 my seldome/ lectures4--,que5 ,elizabe?1 #aehe4 ,john ,walk] has regul>ly comp>$ ! adv]b =w>d3 9 describ+ ! latt] ,l1 he speaks ( ! tip ( ! tongue z be+ br\ght a little =w>d] to ! tee?4--,pron4 ,dict41 ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #ee4 #caa ,a few in/ances ( ! regul> inflection ( adv]bs end+ 9 ly1 may be met ) 9 mod]n compositions1 z 9 ! foll[+ comp>isons3 ,z melodies w sometimes r+ sweetli] 9 ! e*o4--,! ,dial1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #f4 ,i rememb] no poet ^: writ+s w\ld safeli] /& ! te/4--,col]idge's ,biog4 ,lit41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ec4 #cab ,de ,sacy1 9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 calls ! relative pron\ns ,conjunctive ,adjectives4 ,see ,fosdick's ,translation1 p4 #eg4 ,he also says1 ,! words :o1 :i*1 etc4 are n ! only words :i* connect ! function ( a ,conjunction ) ano!r design4 ,!re are ,conjunctive ,n\ns & ,adv]bs1 z well z ,adjectives2 & a *>act]i/ic ( ^! words is1 t we c sub/itute = !m ano!r =m ( expression 9 :i* %all be f\nd ! words :o1 :i*1 etc4 ,?us1 :51 :]e1 :at1 h[1 z1 & _m o!rs1 are ,conjunctive words3 z1 ',i %all f9i% :5 ,i please2' t is1 ',i %all f9i% at ! "t at :i* ,i please4'--',i "k n :]e ,i am2' i4e4 ',i "k n ! place 9 :i* ,i am4'--,ib41 p4 #eh4 ,9 respect to ! conjunctive adv]bs1 ?is is well en\gh1 s f> z x goes2 b ! ^w :o appe>s to me to be a pron\n1 & n an adjective2 & ( 8 ,conjunctive ,n\ns1 he ought to h giv5 u "s examples1 if he knew ( any4 #cac ,n[ ! ,def9ition ( a ,,conjunction is z foll[s--a ,"p ( ,spee*1 void ( ,signification itself1 b s =m$ z to help ,signification by mak+ ,,two or m significant ,s5t5ces to be ,,"o significant ,s5t5ce4--,h>ris's ,h]mes1 #f? ,edition1 ,london1 p4 #bch4 #cad ,:e!r ^!1 or any o!r conjunctions t come toge!r1 ought to ho p>s$ toge!r1 is d\btful4 ,i am n 9 fav\r ( tak+ any words toge!r1 t c well be p>s$ sep>ately4 ,good5[1 :o def9es a phrase to be ! union ( two or m words hav+ ! nature & con/rucion sic--,,k? ( a s+le ^w1 f9ds an imm5se numb] ( ^! unions1 :i* he _c1 or does n1 analyze4 ,z examples ( a conjunctional phrase1 he gives z if & z ?\gh4--,gram41 p4 #be4 ,b :5 he comes to speak ( ellipsis1 he says3 ,aft] ! conjunctions ?an1 z1 b1 c41 "s words are g5]ally und]/ood2 z1 ',we h m ?an t is :i* w suffice2' ',he act$ z he w\ld act if he 7 mad4'--,ib41 p4 #da4 ,?is doctr9e is pla9ly repugnant to ! o!r4 #cae ,( ! con/ruction notic$ 9 ?is obs]vation1 ! ,rev4 ,matt4 ,h>rison cites a good example2 pron\nces x elliptical2 & sc>cely =be>s to condemn x z bad ,engli%3 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce1 ! relative pron\n is ?ree times omitt$3--',is !re a ,god to swe> by1 & is !re none to believe 91 none to tru/ to8'--,lett]s & ,essays1 ,anonym\s4 ,by1 91 & to1 z prepositions1 /& alone1 d5ud$ ( ! relatives to :i* !y apply4 ,! s5t5ce pres5ts no attractions wor?y ( imitation4 ,x exhibits a lic5se c>ri$ to ! extreme po9t ( endurance4--,h>rison's ,engli% ,language1 p4 #aif4 #caf ,an ellipsis ( f aft] ! adv]b (f has caus$ ! latt] ^w sometimes to be ins]t$ incorrectly among ! prepositions4 ,ex4 '(f 7f7 8 horse4'--,h>t's ,gram41 p4 #if4 ,(f & on are opposites2 &1 9 a s5t5ce l ! foll[+1 ,i see no m ne$ ( ins]t+ f aft] ! =m]1 ?an to aft] ! latt]3 ,?\ %alt n come d[n (f t b$ on :i* ?\ art gone up4--#b ,k+s1 i1 #af4 #cag ,:o consequ5tly r$uc$ ! greate/ "p ( ! isl& ,,to _! own p[]4--,swift1 on ! ,engli% ,tongue4 ,we c say1 t "o nation r$uces ano!r ,,to subjection4 ,b :5 dom9ion or p[] is us$1 we always1 z s f> z ,i "k1 say1 r$uce ,,"u _! p[] or dom9ion--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bbi4 #cah ,o foy1 don't misappreh5d me2 ,i don't say s4--,,d\ble ,,deal]3 ,kames1 ,el4 ( ,crit41 i1 #cje4 #cai ,accord+ to ,walk] & ,web/]1 la is pron\nc$ law2 &1 if !y are "r 9 ?is1 ! latt] is only a false mode ( spell+4 ,b ,i set d[n bo?1 because bo? are f\nd 9 books1 & because ,i incl9e to ?9k ! =m] is f ! ,fr5* la1 :i* is pron\nc$ lah4 ,johnson & ,web/] make la & lo synonym\s2 d]iv+ lo f ! ,saxon la1 & la ei!r f lo or f ! ,fr5* la4 ,law1 h[ y joke1 c\s94--,columbian ,orator1 p4 #agh4 ,law me6 ! v gho/s are come n[6--,ibid4 ,law1 si/] ,betty6 ,i am glad to see y6--,ibid4 ,la y6 ,if y speak ill ( ! devil1 ,h[ he takes x at he>t6--,,%akespe>e3 ,joh4 ,dict41 w4 ,la4 #cbj ,! int]jection ( int]rogat+1 be+ plac$ indep5d5tly1 ei!r aft] a "q1 or aft] some?+ :i* x conv]ts into a "q1 is usually m>k$ ) its own sep>ate eroteme2 z1 ,b ?is is ev5 s3 eh8--,newspap]4 ,is't n dr[n'd i' ! la/ ra98 ,ha8--,%akespe>e4 ,does ,bridget pa9t /ill1 ,pompey8 ,ha8--,id4 ,suits my complexion--hey1 gal8 s ,i ?9k4--,yankee ,s*oolma/]4 ,sometimes we see x divid$ only by a comma1 f ! prec$+ "q2 z1 ,:at do/ ?\ ?9k ( ?is doctr9e1 ,fri5d ,gur?1 ha8--,,scott',s ,,ivanhoe3 ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #bi4 #cba ,?\gh oh & ah are mo/ commonly us$ z signs ( ^! depress+ passions1 x mu/ be confess$ t !y are sometimes employ$ by reputable writ]s1 z m>ks ( *e]fulness or exultation2 z1 ,ah1 pleasant pro(1 c4--,c[p]'s ,task1 p4 #agi4 ,m]rily oh6 m]rily oh6--,moore's ,tyrolese ,song4 ,*e]ily oh6 *e]ily oh6--,ib4 ,b ev5 if ?is usage be suppos$ to be "r1 !re is /ill "s diff]5ce betwe5 ^! words & ! int]jection ,o3 if !re 7 n1 we might disp5se ) ! latt]1 & sub/itute "o ( ! =m]2 b ?is w\ld c]ta9ly *ange ! import ( _m an invocation4 #cbb ,?is position is d5i$ by "s gramm>ians4 ,"o rec5t au?or says1 ,! object _c prop]ly be call$ "o ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( a s5t5ce2 z x belongs only to "s s5t5ces1 & !n is dep5d5t on ! v]b1 :i* x modifies or expla9s4--,good5['s ,gram41 p4 #hg4 ,?is is consi/5t en\gh ) ! notion1 t1 ,an inf9itive1 ) or )\t a sub/antive1 may be ! object ( a transitive v]b2 z1 ',i wi% to ride2' ',i wi% y to ride4'--,ib41 p4 #cg4 ,or1 ) ! contr>y notion1 t1 ,an inf9itive may be ! object ( a preposition1 express$ or und]/ood2 z1 ',i wi% = y to ride4'--,ibid4 ,b if ! object gov]n$ by ! v]b1 is always a m]e qualify+ adjunct1 a m]e explanation ( ! attribute1 7,ib41 p4 #bh17 h[ diff]s x f an adv]b8 ,adv]bs are words add$ to v]bs1 & sometimes to o!r words1 to qualify _! mean+4--,ib41 p4 #bc4 ,& if inf9itives & o!r m]e adjuncts may be ! objects :i* make v]bs transitive1 h[ %all a transitive v]b be kn[n8 ,! fact is1 t ! true object ( ! transitive v]b is "o ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! s5t5ce1 & t ! inf9itive mood _c prop]ly be reckon$ su* an object4 #cbc ,"s writ]s di/+ui% s5t5ces z be+ ( ?ree k9ds1 simple1 & complex1 & comp\nd2 b1 9 ?is "w1 c>e has n 9 g5]al be5 tak5 to discrim9ate betwe5 complex s5t5ces & comp\nd4 ,a late au?or /ates ! diff]5ce ?us3 ,a s5t5ce conta9+ b "o proposition is simple2 a s5t5ce conta9+ two propositions1 "o ( :i* modifies ! o!r1 is complex2 a s5t5ce conta9+ two propositions :i* 9 no way modify ea* o!r1 is comp\nd4--,gre5e's ,analysis1 p4 #c4 ,! t]m comp\nd1 z appli$ to s5t5ces1 is n usually s re/rict$4 ,an o!r1 us+ ! same t]ms = a v diff]5t division1 expla9s !m ?us3 ,a ,simple ,s5t5ce conta9s b "o subject & "o attribute2 z1 ',! sun %9es4' ,a ,complex ,s5t5ce conta9s two or m subjects ( ! same attribute1 or two or m attributes ( ! same subject2 z1 ',! sun & ! />s %9e4' ',! sun rises & sets4' ',! sun & ! />s rise & set4' ,a ,comp\nd ,s5t5ce is compos$ ( two or m simple or complex s5t5ces unit$2 z1 ',! sun %9es1 & ! />s tw9kle4' ',! sun rises & sets1 z ! e>? revolves4'--,p9neo's ,engli% ,tea*]1 p4 #aj2 ,analytical ,gram41 pp4 #abh1 #adb1 & #adf4 ,?is notion ( a complex s5t5ce is n m common ?an ,gre5e's2 nor is x yet app>5t1 t ! usual division ( s5t5ces into two k9ds ought to give place to any trip>tite di/ribution4 #cbd ,! t]ms clause & memb]1 9 gramm>1 appe> to h be5 g5]ally us$ z words synonym\s2 b "s au?ors h ?\ght x conv5i5t to discrim9ate !m1 z hav+ diff]5t s5ses4 ,hiley says1 ,^? p>ts ( a s5t5ce :i* are sep>at$ by commas1 are call$ clauses2 & ^? sep>at$ by semicolons1 are call$ memb]s4--,hiley' s ,gram41 p4 #ff4 ,w4 ,all5 too conf9es ! =m] t]m to simple memb]s3 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce is =m$ by unit+ two or m simple s5t5ces2 z1 ,man is mortal1 & life is unc]ta94 ,ea* ( ^! simple s5t5ces is call$ a clause4 ,:5 ! memb]s ( a comp\nd s5t5ce are complex1 !y are subdivid$ into clauses2 z1 ,virtue leads to honor1 & insures true happ9ess2 b vice degrades ! und]/&+1 & is succe$$ by infamy4--,all5's ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,by "s au?ors1 ! t]ms clause & phrase are (t5 c>elessly conf\nd$1 ea* be+ appli$ ) no sort ( reg>d to its prop] import4 ,?us1 :]e ,l4 ,murray & 8 copyi/s exp\nd _! text ab\t ! pupil's compos+ frequ5tly1 ev5 ! m9or phrase1 compos+ frequ5tly1 is absurdly call$ a clause2 an entire clause ( a s5t5ce4--,see ,murray's ,gram41 p4 #agi2 ,alg]'s1 #fa2 ,fisk's1 #ajh2 ,+]soll's1 #ahj2 ,m]*ant's1 #hd2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #aeb2 ,weld's1 #b;d ,ed41 #aej4 ,! t]m s5t5ce also is sometimes grossly misappli$4 ,?us1 by ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ! phrases ,james & ,william1 ,?omas & ,john1 & o!rs simil>1 are call$ s5t5ces4--,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 pp4 #i & #aj4 ,s ,weld absurdly writes z foll[s2 ,a :ole s5t5ce is frequ5tly ! object ( a preposition2 z1 ',! crime ( be+ a "y man4' ,be+ a "y man1 is ! object ( ! preposition (4--,weld's ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #db4 ,! phrase1 be+ a "y man1 "h dep5ds ^u (2 b ?is preposition gov]ns no?+ b ! p>ticiple be+4 ,! con/ruction ( ! ^w man is expla9$ bel[1 9 ,obs4 #g? on ,rule #f?1 ( ,same ,cases4 #cbe ,9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 all agreem5t consi/s 9 concurr5ce1 correspond5ce1 con=mity1 simil>ity1 sam5ess1 equality2 b gov]nm5t is direction1 control1 regulation1 re/ra91 influ5ce1 au?oritative requisition1 ) ! implication ( inequality4 ,t ^! prop]ties ought to be s f> di/+ui%$ 9 gramm>1 z nev] to be suppos$ to co-exi/ 9 ! same t]ms & "u ! same circum/ances1 mu/ be manife/ to e reason]4 ,"s gramm>ians :o seem to h be5 n always unaw>e ( ?is1 h nev]!less egregi\sly =gott5 x at times4 ,?us ,nutt+1 9 ! foll[+ rem>k1 expresses a true doctr9e1 ?\gh he has writt5 x ) no great accuracy3 ,a ^w 9 p>s+ nev] gov]ns ! same ^w :i* x qualifies1 or ) :i* x agrees4--,practical ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,yet1 9 8 syntax1 9 :i* he pret5ds to sep>ate agreem5t f gov]nm5t1 he frames 8 fir/ rule "u ! bett] head ?us3 ,! nom9ative case gov]ns a v]b4--,ib4 p4 #if4 ,l9dsey ,murray recognizes no su* gov]nm5t z ?is2 b seems to suppose 8 rule = ! agreem5t ( a v]b ) its nom9ative to be suffici5t = bo? v]b & nom9ative4 ,he appe>s1 h[ev]1 n to h kn[n t a ^w does n agree syntactically ) ano!r t gov]ns x2 =1 9 8 ,ex]cises1 he has giv5 u1 app>5tly f 8 own p51 ! foll[+ untrue1 b o!rwise n v objectionable s5t5ce3 ,on ^! occasions1 ! pron\n is gov]n$ by1 an consequ5tly agrees )1 ! prec$+ ^w4--,ex]cises1 #hvo1 ii1 #gd4 ,?is he corrects ?us3 ,on ^! occasions1 ! pron\n is gov]n$ by ! prec$+ ^w1 & consequ5tly agrees ) x4--,key1 #hvo1 ii1 #bjd4 ,! am5dm5ts mo/ ne$$ he ov]looks2 = ! ?\ght is n j1 & ! two v]bs :i* are "h connect$ ) "o & ! same nom9ative1 are diff]5t 9 =m4 ,see ! same example1 ) ! same v>iation ( x1 9 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #afg2 &1 )\t ! *ange1 9 ,+]soll's1 p4 #bcc2 & ,fisk's1 #ada4 #cbf ,x has be5 ! notion ( "s gramm>ians1 t ! v]b gov]ns ! nom9ative be=e x4 ,?is is an old rule1 :i* seems to h be5 v mu* =gott5 by mod]n au?ors2 ?\gh d\btless x is z true1 & z wor?y to be p]petuat$1 z t :i* supposes ! nom9ative to gov]n ! v]b3 ,omne v]bum p]sonale f9iti modi regit ante se expresse vel subaudite ejusdem num]i et p]son nom9ativum vel aliquid pro nom9ativo3 ut1 ego scribo1 tu legis1 ille auscultat4--,,despaut]ii ,,synt4 fol4 xvi4 ,?is ,despaut] 0 a labori\s au?or1 :o1 )9 fifty ye>s aft] ! introduction ( pr9t+1 compla9s t he f\nd 8 task heavy1 on acc\nt ( ! imm5se numb] ( books & op9ions :i* he _h to consult3 ,necdum tam5 huic op]i ultimam manum alit] imposui1 quam ,apelles olim picturis3 siquidem aptius exire1 quum 9 multis tum 9 hac arte e/ difficillimum1 propt] librorum leg5dorum imm5sitatem1 et op9ionum innum]am div]sitatem4--,ibid41 ,epi/4 ,apologetica1 ,a4 ,d4 #aeac4 ,b if1 = ?is reason1 ! task 0 heavy !n1 :at is x n[6 #cbg ,nutt+'s rule c]ta9ly implies t articles may relate to pron\ns1 ?\gh he gives no example1 nor c he give any t is n[ good ,engli%2 b he may1 if he pleases1 quote "s o!r mod]n grammati/s1 :o tea* ! same false doctr9e3 z1 ,,rule ,,ii4 ,! article ref]s to its n\n 7,,or ,,pron\n7 to limit its signification4--,r4 ,g4 ,gre5e's ,grammatical ,text-,book1 p4 #ah4 ,gre5e's two gramm>s are us$ ext5sively 9 ! /ate ( ,ma9e1 b !y appe> to be little kn[n any:]e else4 ,?is au?or pr(esses to inculcate ! pr9ciples e/abli%$ by ,l9dley ,murray4 ,if v]acity1 on ?is po9t1 is wor? any ?+1 x is a pity t 9 bo? books !re are s _m po9ts :i*1 l ! =ego+ p>5!sis1 belie ?is pr(ession4 ,he foll[$ "h ,+]soll's ,,rule ,,iv1 :i* is ?is3 ,! article ref]s to a n\n ,,or ,,pron\n1 express$ or und]/ood1 to limit its signification4-- ,conv]sations on ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ahe4 #cbh ,x is truly a matt] ( surprise to f9d "u :at titles or heads1 _m ( ! rules ( syntax h be5 set1 by "s ( ! be/ s*ol>s t h ev] writt5 on gramm>4 ,9 ?is respect1 ! ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>ians are p>ticul>ly c5surable2 b x bett] suits my purpose to give an example or two f "o ( ! able/ ( ! ,engli%4 ,?us t elegant s*ol> ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,all53 ,,syntax ,,( ,,n\ns4 #cbe4 ,a v]b agrees ) its nom9ative case 9 numb] & p]son4--,elem5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #aca4 ,?is is 9 no wise ! syntax ( ,n\ns1 b r t ( ! ,v]b4 ,aga93 ,,syntax ,,( ,,v]bs4 #dje4 ,active ,v]bs gov]n ! accusative case2 z1 ,i love him4 ,we saw !m4 ,god rules ! _w4--,ib41 p4 #afa4 ,?is is n prop]ly ! syntax ( ,v]bs1 b r t ( ,n\ns or ,pron\ns 9 ! accusative or objective case4 ,any "o :o has b ! lea/ s5se ( ord]1 mu/ see ! propriety ( ref]r+ ! rule to t sort ( words to :i* x is appli$ 9 p>s+1 & n "s o!r4 ,v]bs are nev] p>s$ or con/ru$ by ! latt] ( ^! rules nor n\ns by ! =m]4 #cbi ,:at ! ,s]ies ( ,gramm>s1 ,engli%1 ,lat91 & ,greek1 ,,on ,,! ,,same ,,plan1 w ultimately be1--h[ _m treatises = ea* or any ( ! languages x w probably conta91--:at uni=mity w be f\nd 9 ! di/ribution ( _! sev]al sorts & sizes1--or :at sam5ess !y w h1 except t :i* is be/[$ by ! b9d]s1--_c yet be /at$ ) any c]ta9ty4 ,x appe>s n[1 9 #ahej1 t ! s*eme has ?us f> result$ 9 ! production ( ?ree rem>kably diff]5t gramm>s1 = ! ,engli% "p ( ! s]ies1 & two m1 a ,lat9 gramm> & a ,greek1 :i* resemble ea* o!r1 or any ( ^!1 z little4 ,9 ^! works1 ab\nd *anges & discrepances1 sometimes indicat+ a great unsettlem5t ( pr9ciples or plan1 & (t5 excit+ our wond] at ! extraord9>y v>iety ( tea*+1 :i* has be5 claim$ to be1 z ne>ly 9 ! same words z ! z ! g5ius ( ! languages w\ld p]mit6 ,9 :at %\ld h be5 uni=m1 & easily might h be5 s1 ^! gramm>s are r rem>kably div]se6 ,uni=mity 9 ! ord]1 numb]1 or phraseology ( ! ,rules ( ,syntax1 ev5 = our own language1 seems sc>cely yet to h ent]$ ?is ,,same ,,plan at all6 ,! onw>d progress ( ,engli% gramm>1 or1 r1 ( ! au?or's /udies !re91 has already1 )9 fifte5 ye>s1 greatly v>i$1 f ! fir/ model ( ! ,s]ies1 8 own idea ( a good gramm>2 &1 ?\gh su* *anges b> consi/5cy1 a future progress1 real or imag9>y1 may likewise1 ) z good reason1 v>y x yet z mu* m4 ,9 ! preface to ! "w ( #ahdj1 x is said3 ,?is1 ?\gh n ess5tially diff]5t f ! =m]1 is yet 9 "s respects a new "w4 ,x has be5 almo/ entirely rewritt54 ,& aga93 ,! ,syntax is mu* full] ?an 9 ! =m] "w2 & ?\gh ! rules are n diff]5t1 !y are arrang$ 9 a diff]5t ord]4 ,s x is prov$1 t ! model ne$$ remodell+2 & t ! ,syntax1 especially1 0 defective1 9 matt] z well z 9 ord]4 ,! sugge/ions1 t ! rules are n diff]5t1 & ! works1 n ess5tially s1 w s\nd be/ to ^? :o %all nev] comp>e !m4 ,! old code has ?irty-f\r *ief1 & tw5ty-two special rules2 ! new has tw5ty *ief1 ?irty-six special1 & "o g5]al rule4 ,among all ^!1 we %all sc>cely f9d exact sam5ess pres]v$ 9 s _m z half a doz5 in/ances4 ,( ! old ?irty-f\r1 f\rte5 only 7 judg$ wor?y to rema9 z pr9cipal rules2 & two ( ^! h no claim at all to su* rank1 "o ( !m be+ q useless4 ,( ! tw5ty n[ made *ief1 five are new to ! ,s]ies ( ,gramm>s1 & ?ree ( ^! exce$+ly resemble z _m ( m9e2 five are slightly alt]$1 & five greatly1 f _! pr$ecessors among ! old3 "o is ! fir/ half ( an old rule2 "o is an old subord9ate rule1 alt]$ & elevat$2 & ?ree are z !y 7 be=e1 _! numb]s & relative positions except$6 #ccj ,! grammatical pr$icate is a v]b4--,butl]'s ,pract4 ,gram41 #ahde1 p4 #ace1 ,! grammatical pr$icate is a f9ite v]b4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #ahej1 p4 #ahe4 ,! grammatical pr$icate is ei!r a v]b alone1 or ! copula sum "s "p ( ! v]b be ) a n\n or adjective4--,&rews & ,/odd>d's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #afc4 ,! pr$icate consi/s ( two p>ts1--! v]b1 or copula1 & t :i* is ass]t$ by x1 call$ ! attribute2 z ',sn[ is :ite4'--,gre5e's ,analysis4 p4 #ae4 ,! grammatical pr$icate consi/s ( ! attribute & copula n modifi$ by o!r ^w4--,bullions1 ,analyt1 & ,pract4 ,gram41 ,p4 #abi4 ,! logical pr$icate is ! grammatical1 ) all ! words or phrases t modify x4 ,ib4 p4 #acj4 ,! ,grammatical pr$icate is ! ^w or words conta9+ ! simple affirmation1 made respect+ ! subject4--,bullions1 ,lat9 ,gram41 p4 #bfi4 ,e proposition necess>ily consi/s ( ^! ?ree p>ts3 ! subject1 ! pr$icate1 & ! copula2 b !n x is n alike ne$ful1 t !y be all sev]ally express$ 9 words2 because ! copula is (t5 includ$ 9 ! t]m ( ! pr$icate2 z :5 we say1 he sits1 :i* imports ! same z1 he is sitt+4--,duncan's ,logic1 p #aje4 ,9 respect to ?is ,?ird ,me?od ( ,analysis4 ,x is que/ionable1 :e!r a n\n or an adjective :i* foll[s ! v]b & =ms "p ( ! ass]tion1 is to be includ$ 9 ! grammatical pr$icate or n4 ,wells says1 ,no3 ,x w\ld de/roy at once all di/9ction betwe5 ! grammatical & ! logical pr$icate4--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ahe4 ,an o!r "q is1 :e!r ! copula 7is1 0 or ! l17 :i* ! logicians discrim9ate1 %\ld be includ$ z "p ( ! logical pr$icate1 :5 x occurs z a di/9ct ^w4 ,! preval5t practice ( ! grammatical analyz]s is1 s to include x1--a practice :i* 9 itself is n v logical4 ,! di/9ction ( subjects & pr$icates z grammatical & logical1 is b a rec5t "o4 ,9 "s gramm>s1 ! p>tition us$ 9 logic is copi$ )\t *ange1 except p]haps ( words3 z ,!re are1 9 s5t5ces1 a subject1 a pr$icate & a copula4 ,,jos4 ,r4 ,,*&l]1 ,gram4 ( #ahba1 p4 #aje2 ,gram4 ( #ahdg1 p4 #aaf4 ,! logicians1 h[ev]1 & ^? :o copy !m1 may h be5 hi!rto at fault 9 recogniz+ & specify+ _! copula4 ,mulligan =cibly argues t ! v]b ( be+ is no m entitl$ to ?is "n ?an is e o!r v]b4 7,see 8 ,exposition1 #df47 ,if he is "r 9 ?is1 ! copula ( ! logicians 7an 9 my op9ion1 8 own also7 is a m]e figm5t ( ! bra91 !re be+ no?+ t answ]s to ! def9ition ( ! ?+ or to ! true use ( ! ^w4 #cca ,i cite ?is example f ,wells1 = ! purpose ( expla9+ x )\t ! sev]al errors :i* t g5tleman's ,model incid5tally inculcates4 ,he sugge/s t & connects1 n ! two relative clauses1 z su*1 b ! two v]bs c give & c take2 & t ! connexion betwe5 away & is mu/ be trac$ ?r\gh ! =m]1 & its object :i*4 ,^! positions1 ,i ?9k1 are wrong4 ,he also uses "h1 z else:]e1 ! expressions1 :i* relates x &1 :i* is relat$ by1 ea* 9 a v unusual1 & p]haps an unau?oriz$1 s5se4 ,8 =mule reads ?us3 ,away modifies c take2 c take is ,,connect$ ) c give by &2 ,,:i* is gov]n$ by ,,c ,,give1 & relates to security2 security is ! object ( f9d+1 :i* is ,,relat$ ,,by ( to conviction2 conviction is ! object ( )1 :i* ,,relates ,,x to c look2 to expresses ! relation betwe5 :om & c look1 & :om relates to ,be+1 :i* is ! subject ( is4 --,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #aib4 ,nei!r ?is nor ! subsequ5t me?od has be5 (t5 call$ analysis2 =1 9 gramm>1 ea* us] ( ?is t]m has commonly appli$ x to "s "o me?od only1--! me?od pref]r$ by himself4 #ccb ,! possessive phrase "h %\ld be1 ,&rews & ,/odd>d's1 z ,wells & o!rs write x4 ,! add+ ( ! apo/rophe to ! =m] "n is wrong1 ev5 by ! bett] half ( ,butl]'s own absurd & self-contradictory ,rule3 to wit1 ,:5 two or m n\ns 9 ! possessive case are connect$ by &1 ! possessive t]m9ation %\ld be add$ to ea* ( !m2 z1 ',^! are ,john's & ,eliza's books4' ,b1 if objects are possess$ 9 common by two or m1 & ! n\ns are closely connect$ )\t any int]v5+ words1 ! possessive t]m9ation is add$ to ! la/ n\n only2 z1 ',^! are ,john & ,eliza's books4'--,butl]'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #afc4 ,! sign twice us$ implies two gov]n+ n\ns3 ,john's & ,eliza's books4 ,john's books & ,eliza's2 ,&rews' & ,/odd>d's ,lat9 ,gramm>1 ,&rews' 7or ,&rews's7 ,lat9 ,gramm> & ,/odd>d's #ccc ,9 ,mulligan's rec5t ,exposition ( ! ,grammatical ,/ructure ( ! ,engli% ,language1--! "w ( an able h&1--?is k9d ( ,analysis1 be+ mo/ improp]ly pron\nc$ ! *ief bus9ess ( ! gramm>ian1 is swell$ by copi\s explanation "u m9ute heads1 to a volume conta9+ m ?an ?ree times z mu* matt] z ,gre5e's2 b1 s9ce s*ool-boys h little reli% = long argum5ts1 & prolixity _h "h already rea*$ to satiety & disgu/1 x is v d\btful :e!r ! practical utility ( ?is ,improv$ ,me?od ( ,tea*+ ,gramm>1 w be great] 9 proportion to ?is increase ( bulk4--,g4 ,b41 #ahec4 #ccd ,i w n take ^u me to say1 :e!r we h any ,gramm> t suffici5tly in/ructs u by rule & example2 b ,i am sure we h none1 t 9 ! mann] "h attempt$1 tea*es u :at is "r1 by %[+ :at is wrong2 ?\gh ?is p]haps may prove ! m useful & effectual me?od ( ,in/ruction4--,l[?'s ,gram41 ,pref41 p4 viii4 #cce ,) ! possessive case & its gov]n+ n\n1 we use b "o article2 & sometimes x seems que/ionable1 to :i* ( ! two t article prop]ly relates3 z1 ,?is is "o ( ! ,hebrews' *ildr54--,exodus1 ii1 #f4 ,! s5t5ce is pla9ly equival5t to ! foll[+1 :i* has two articles3 ,?is is "o ( ! *ildr5 ( ! ,hebrews4 ,n because ! "o article is equival5t to ! two1 or because x relates to bo? ( ! n\ns2 b because ! possessive relation itself makes "o ( ! n\ns suffici5tly def9ite4 ,n[1 if we *ange ! latt] con/ruction back into ! =m]1 x is ! n\n *ildr5 t drops its article2 x is !re=e ! o!r to :i* ! rema9+ article relates4 ,b we sometimes f9d examples 9 :i* ! same analogy does n hold4 ,?us1 a summ]'s day means1 a day ( summ]2 & we %\ld h>dly pron\nce x equival5t to ! day ( a summ]4 ,s ! que/ionable phrase1 a ?ree days' j\rney1 means1 a j\rney ( ?ree days2 &1 :e!r ! con/ruction be "r or wrong1 ! article a _c be said to relate to ! plural n\n4 ,possibly su* a phrase z1 ! ?ree ye>s' w>1 might mean1 ! w> ( ?ree ye>s2 s t ! article mu/ relate to ! latt] n\n4 ,b 9 g5]al x is ! latt] n\n t is r5d]$ def9ite by ! possessive relation3 ?us ! phrase1 man's works is equival5t to ! works ( man1 n to works ( ! man2 s1 ! man's works1 is equival5t1 n to ! works ( man1 b to ! works ( ! man4 #ccf ,horne ,tooke says1 ,! use ( ,a aft] ! ^w ,,_m is a corruption = (2 & has no connection :atev] ) ! article ,a1 i4 e4 "o4--,div]sions ( ,purley1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #cbd4 ,) ?is conjecture ( ! le>n$ etymologi/1 ,i d n concur3 x is h>dly wor? :ile to /ate "h1 :at may he urg$ pro & con4 #ccg ,no?+ c be m c]ta9 ?an t 9 ,greek syntax all words us$ = ! purpose ( def9ition1 ei!r /& betwe5 ! article & ! n\n1 or h _! own article prefix$4 ,yet x may sometimes happ5 t an apposition ) an article is p>5!tically ins]t$ in/ead ( be+ affix$4--,j4 ,w4 ,,donaldson3 ,j\rnal ( ,philology1 ,no4 #b1 p4 #bbc4 #cch ,*ur*ill ra%ly condemns ?is con/ruction1 & /ill m ra%ly proposes to make ! n\n s+ul> )\t repeat+ ! article4 ,see 8 ,new ,gram41 p4 #caa4 ,b he sometimes happily =gets 8 own doctr9e2 z1 ,9 fact1 ! second & f\r? l9es "h /amp ! "* ( ! measure4--,ib41 p4 #cia4 ,o4 ,b4 ,peirce says1 ',joram's second & ?ird daught]s1' mu/ mean1 if x means any ?+1 8 second daught]s & ?ird daught]s2 &1 '! fir/ & second v]ses4' if x means any ?+1 mu/ repres5t ! fir/ v]ses & ! second v]ses4-- ,peirce's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #bfc4 ,accord+ to my notion1 ?is int]pretation is z false & hyp]critical1 z is ! rule by :i* ! au?or pr(esses to %[ :at is "r4 ,he might h be5 bett] employ$ 9 expla9+ "s ( 8 own phraseology1 su* z1 ! indef9ite-pa/ & pres5t ( ! decl>ative mode4--,ib41 p4 #ajj4 ,! critic :o writes su* /uff z ?is1 may well be a mis9t]pret] ( good common ,engli%4 ,x is pla91 t ! two examples :i* he ?us di/orts1 are nei!r obscure nor inelegant4 ,b1 9 an alt]native ( s+le ?+s1 ! article mu/ be repeat$1 & a plural n\n is improp]2 z1 ,b !y d n receive ! ,nic5e or ! ,a?anasian cre$s4--,adam's ,religi\s ,_w1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #aje4 ,say1 cre$4 ,s 9 an enum]ation2 z1 ,!re are ?ree p>ticiples3 ! pres5t1 ! p]fect1 & ! comp\nd p]fect p>ticiples--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #db4 ,expunge ?is la/ ^w1 p>ticiples4 ,sometimes a s5t5ce is wrong1 n z be+ 9 itself a solecism1 b z be+ unadapt$ to ! au?or's ?\ght4 ,example3 ,o!r t5d5cies w be notic$ 9 ! ,etymological & ,syntactical "p4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 ,n4 ,y41 #ahej1 p4 #ge4 ,?is implies1 :at appe>s n to be true1 t ! au?or meant to treat ,etymology & ,syntax toge!r 9 a s+le "p ( 8 "w4 ,_h he put an s to ! n\n "p1 he might h be5 und]/ood 9 ei!r ( two o!r ways1 b n 9 ?is4 ,to make sure ( 8 mean+1 !re=e1 he %\ld h said--9 ! ,etymological ,"p & ! ,syntactical4 #cci ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce1 9 8 new !ory ( gramm>1 n only adopts ,+]soll's error1 b adds o!rs to x4 ,he supposes no ellipsis1 & decl>es x grossly improp] ev] to ins]t ! pron\n4 ,accord+ to him1 ! foll[+ text is wrong3 ,my son1 despise n ?\ ! *a/5+ ( ! ,"l4--,heb41 xii1 #e4 ,see ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #bee4 ,( ?is g5tleman's book ,i %all say ! less1 because its faults are s _m & s obvi\s4 ,yet ?is is ,! ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language1 & claims to be ! only "w :i* is wor?y to be call$ an ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,! fir/ & only ,gramm> ( ! ,engli% ,language6--,ib41 p4 #aj4 ,9 punctuation1 x is a v *aos1 z "o might guess f ! foll[+ ,rule3 ,a ^w ( ! second p]son1 & 9 ! subjective case1 mu/ h a semicolon aft] x2 z1 ,john2 he> me4--,id41 p4 #bhb4 ,behold 8 practice6 ,john1 bew>e4--,p4 #hd4 ,*ildr51 /udy4--,p4 #hj4 ,h5ry2 /udy4--,p4 #bdi4 ,pupil3 p>se4--,p4 #baa2 & _m o!r places4 ,be ?\1 or d ?\ be writ+8 ,be ye or y1 or d ye or y be writ+8--,p4 #aaj4 ,accord+ to 8 ,rule1 ?is t5se requires six semicolons2 b ! au?or po9ts x ) two commas & two notes ( int]rogation6 #cdj ,9 ,butl]'s ,practical ,gramm>1 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahde1 ?is doctr9e is taught z a novelty4 ,8 publi%]s1 9 _! circul> lett]1 speak ( x z "o ( ! peculi> advantages ( ?is gramm> ov] prec$+ works1 & z an important matt]1 h]et(ore altoge!r omitt$ by gramm>ians6 ,wells cites ,butl] 9 support ( 8 false pr9ciple3 ,a v]b 9 ! inf9itive is (t5 prec$$ by a n\n or pron\n 9 ! objective1 :i* has no direct dep5d5ce on any o!r ^w4 ,examples3--',columbus ord]$ a /rong =tress ( wood & pla/] to be erect$4'--,irv+4 ',its favors "h %\ld make u tremble4'-- ,"y4 ,see ,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #adg4 #cda ,sometimes inde$ ! v]b ha? two regim5s1 & !n ! preposition is necess>y to "o ( !m2 z1 ',i address myself to my judges4'--,campbell's ,philosophy ( ,rhetoric1 p4 #agh4 ,"h ! v]b address gov]ns ! pron\n myself1 & is also ! antec$5t to ! preposition to2 & ! con/ruction w\ld be simil>1 if ! preposition gov]n$ ! inf9itive or a p>ticiple3 z1 ,i prep>$ myself to swim2 or1 ,i prep>$ myself = swimm+4 ,b1 9 any ( ^! cases1 x is n v accurate to say1 ! v]b has two regim5s2 = ! latt] t]m is prop]ly ! regim5 ( ! preposition4 ,c>dell1 by robb+ ! prepositions1 & suppos+ ellipses1 f\nd two regim5s = e v]b4 ,w4 ,all51 on ! contr>y1 7f :om ,nixon ga!r$ 8 doctr9e above17 by giv+ ! accusative to ! inf9itive1 makes a multitude ( our active-transitive v]bs neut]4 ,see ,all5's ,gram41 p4 #aff4 ,b ,nixon absurdly calls ! v]b active-transitive1 because x gov]ns ! inf9itive2 i4 e4 z he supposes--&1 except :5 to is n us$1 errone\sly supposes4 #cdb ,a c]ta9 new !ori/1 :o v innoc5tly fogs himself & 8 cr$ul\s read]s ) a deal ( imp]t95t p$antry1 aft] d5\nc+ my doctr9e t to be=e ! inf9itive is a preposition1 appeals to me ?us3 ,let me ask y1 ,g4 ,b4--is n ! inf9itive 9 ,lat9 ! same z 9 ! ,engli%8 ,?us1 ,i desire to tea* ,lat9--,ego ,cupio doc]e4 ,i saw ,abel come--,ego videbam ,abelem v5ire4 ,! same pr9ciple is recogniz$ by ! ,greek gramm>s & ^? ( mo/ ( ! mod]n languages4--,o4 ,b4 ,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ceh4 ,( ?is g5tleman ,i "k no?+ b f :at appe>s 9 8 book--a "w ( immeasurable & ill-f\nd$ vanity--a :imsical1 dogmatical1 blund]+ p]=mance4 ,?is %ort sample ( 8 ,lat91 7) six pu]ile errors 9 sev5 words17 is pro( positive t he kn[s no?+ ( t language1 :atev] may be 8 atta9m5ts 9 ,greek1 or ! o!r tongues ( :i* he tells4 ,to 8 "q ,i answ] emphatically1 ,,no4 ,9 ,lat91 ,"o v]b gov]ns an o!r 9 ! inf9itive2 z1 ,cupio disc]e1 ,i desire to le>n4--,adam's ,gram41 p4 #aha4 ,?is gov]nm5t nev] admits ! int]v5tion ( a preposition4 ,i saw ,abel come1 has no preposition2 b ! ,lat9 ( x is1 ,vidi ,abelem v5i5tem1 & n :at is giv5 above2 or1 accord+ to ,/4 ,j]ome & o!rs1 :o wrote1 ,abel1 )\t decl5sion1 we ought r to say1 ,vidi ,abel v5i5tem4 ,if !y are "r1 ,ego videbam ,abelem v5ire1 is e ^w ( x wrong6 #cdc ,prie/ley cites ^! examples z au?orities1 n z false syntax4 ,! errors :i* ,i ?us quote at secondh& f o!r gramm>ians1 & m>k ) d\ble ref]5ces1 are 9 g5]al su* z ! fir/ quot]s h all[$1 & made !mselves responsible =2 b ?is is n ! case 9 e in/ance4 ,su* cr$it has sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 be5 giv51 :]e ! expression 0 disapprov$4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #cdd ,l9dley ,murray ?\ght x n impracticable to put two or m n\ns 9 apposition & add ! possessive sign to ea*2 nor did he imag9e !re w\ld (t5 be any positive impropriety 9 s do+4 ,8 words1 on ?is po9t1 are ^!3 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! application ( ! g5itive sign to bo? or all ( ! n\ns 9 apposition1 w\ld be g5]ally h>% & displeas+1 & p]haps 9 "s cases incorrect3 z1 ',! ,emp]or's ,leopold's2 ,k+ ,george's2 ,*>les's ! ,second's2 ,! p>cel 0 left at ,smi?'s1 ! booksell]'s & /ation]'s4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #agg4 ,:e!r he imag9$ any ( ^! to be incorrect or n1 does n appe>6 ,"u ! next rule1 ,i %all give a %ort note :i* w %[ !m all to be s4 ,! au?or1 h[ev]1 aft] pres5t+ ^! unc\? fictions1 :i* %[ no?+ b 8 own defici5cy 9 gramm>1 has done ! _w ! fav\r n to pron\nce !m v conv5i5t phrases2 = he cont9ues ! p>agraph z foll[s3 ,! rules :i* we h endeav\r$ to elucidate1 w prev5t ! inconv5i5ces ( bo? ^! modes ( expression2 & !y appe> to be simple1 p]spicu\s1 & consi/5t ) ! idiom ( ! language4'--,ib4 ,?is undes]v$ praise ( 8 own rules1 he might z well h left to "s o!r h&4 ,!y h _h ! =tune1 h[ev]1 to please sundry critics1 & to become ! prey ( _m ?ieves2 b are c]ta9ly v defici5t 9 ! ?ree qualities "h nam$2 &1 tak5 toge!r ) _! illu/rations1 !y =m little else ?an a tissue ( errors1 p>tly 8 own1 & p>tly copi$ f ,l[? & ,prie/ley4 ,dr4 ,la?am1 too1 & ,pr(4 ,*ild1 ^: errone\s tea*+ on ?is po9t is /ill m m>vell\s1 n only inculcate ! idea t possessives 9 =m may be 9 apposition1 b seem to suppose t two possessive end+s are ess5tial to ! relation4 ,=gett+ all su* ,engli% z we h 9 ! phrases1 ,john ! ,bapti/'s head1--,= ,jacob my s]vant's sake1--,julius ,cs>'s ,comm5t>ies1--!y inv5t %am expressions1 too awkw>d ev] to h come to _! k f any actual use1--su* z1 ,john's ! f>m]'s wife1--,oliv]'s ! spy's evid5ce1--& !n end _! section ) ! g5]al tru?1 ,= words to be 9 apposition ) ea* o!r1 !y mu/ be 9 ! same case4--,elem5t>y ,gramm>1 ,revis$ ,edition1 p4 #aeb4 ,:at sort ( s*ol>%ip is t 9 :i* fictiti\s examples mislead ev5 _! inv5tors8 #cde ,9 ,pr(essor ,f[l]'s rec5t & copi\s "w1 ,! ,engli% ,language 9 its ,elem5ts & ,=ms1 our pres5t ,reciprocals are call$1 n ,pronom9al ,adjectives1 b ,pron\ns1 & are spok5 (1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ?us3 #bdh4 ,a ,,reciprocal ,,pron\n is "o t implies ! mutual action ( diff]5t ag5ts4 ,,ea* ,,o!r1 & ,,"o ,,ano!r1 are our reciprocal =ms1 :i* are treat$ exactly z if !y 7 comp\nd pron\ns1 tak+ = _! g5itives1 ea* o!r's1 "o ano!r's4 ,ea* o!r is prop]ly us$ ( two1 & "o ano!r ( m4 ,! def9ition "h giv5 takes = grant$ :at is at lea/ disputable1 t ea* o!r1 or "o ano!r1 is n a phrase1 b is m]ely "o pron\n4 ,b1 to none ( 8 ?ree important positions "h tak51 does ! au?or himself at all adh]e4 ,9 #dea1 at ,note #c1 he tea*es ?us3 ',!y love ea* o!r4' ,"h ea* is 9 ! nom9ative case 9 apposition ) !y1 & o!r is 9 ! objective case4 ',!y help$ "o ano!r4' ,"h "o is 9 apposition ) !y1 & ano!r is 9 ! objective case4 ,n[1 by ?is mode ( p>s+1 ! reciprocal t]ms are treat$1 n z comp\nd pron\ns1 b z phrases consi/+ ( di/9ct or sep>able words3 &1 z be+ sep>ate or sep>able words1 :e!r !y be ,adjectives or ,pron\ns1 !y con=m n to 8 def9ition above4 ,out ( ! sundry in/ances 9 :i*1 accord+ to 8 own %[+1 he has misappli$ "o or ! o!r ( ^! phrases1 ,i cite ! foll[+3 7#a47 ,! two ideas ( ,sci5ce & ,art diff] f "o ano!r z ! und]/&+ diff]s f ! w4--,f[l]'s ,gram41 #ahej1 #ahj4 ,say1--f ea* o!r2 or1--"o f ! o!r4 7#b47 ,,?\1 ,,?y1 ,,!e1 are etymologically relat$ to ea* o!r4--,ib41 #baf4 ,say1--to "o an o!r2 because !re are m ?an two4 7#c47 ,till )9 "s c5turies1 ! ,g]mans1 l ! ,fr5* & ! ,engli%1 address$ ea* o!r 9 famili> conv]sation by ! ,second ,p]son ,s+ul>4--,ib41 #bba4 ,say1--address$ "o an o!r4 7#d47 ,two s5t5ces are1 on ! o!r h&1 connect$ 9 ! way ( co-ord9ation 1 :5 !y are n ?us dep5d5t "o ^u ano!r4--,ib41 #ccb4 ,say1--^u ea* o!r2 or1--"o ^u ! o!r2 because !re are b two4 7#e47 ,^! two riv]s are at a great di/ance f "o ano!r4--,ib41 #fag4 ,say1--f ea* o!r2 or1--"o f ! o!r4 7#f47 ,! trees 9 ! ,=e/ ( ,bomba/ are close1 spread+1 & tw9$ into ea* o!r4--,ib41 #fag4 ,say1--into "o an o!r4 #cdf ,= ?is quotation1 ,dr4 ,campbell gives1 9 8 m>g91 ! foll[+ ref]5ce3 ,introduction1 c41 ,s5t5ces1 ,note on ! #f? ,phrase4 ,b 9 my edition ( ,dr4 ,l[?'s ,introduction to ,engli% ,gramm>1 7a ,philadelphia edition ( #agii17 ,i d n f9d ! passage4 ,p]haps x has be5 omitt$ 9 consequ5ce ( ,campbell's criticism1 ( :i* ,i "h cite b a "p4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #cdg ,by "s gramm>ians x is presum$ to be consi/5t ) ! nature ( p>ticiples to gov]n ! possessive case2 & ,hiley1 if he is to be und]/ood lit]ally1 assumes x z an e/abli%$ pr9ciple1 t !y all d s6 ,p>ticiples gov]n n\ns & pron\ns 9 ! possessive case1 & at ! same "t1 if d]iv$ f transitive v]bs1 require ! n\n or pron\n foll[+ to be 9 ! objective case1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! preposition (2 z ',mu* dep5ds on ,william's obs]v+ ! rule1 & error w be ! consequ5ce ( 8 neglect+ x2' or1 ',mu* w dep5d on ! rule's be+ obs]v$ by ,william1 & error w be ! consequ5ce ( its be+ neglect$4'--,hiley's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,^! s5t5ces1 )\t d\bt1 are ne>ly equival5t to ea* o!r 9 mean+4 ,to make !m exactly s1 dep5ds or w dep5d mu/ be *ang$ 9 t5se1 & its be+ neglect$ mu/ be its be+ neglect$ by him4 ,b :o t has look$ at ! facts 9 ! case1 or in=m$ himself on ! po9ts "h 9 dispute1 w ma9ta9 t ei!r ! awkw>d phraseology ( ! latt] example1 or ! mix$ & que/ionable con/ruction ( ! =m]1 or ! ext5sive rule "u :i* !y are "h pres5t$1 is among ! e/abli%$ pr9ciples & be/ usages ( ! ,engli% language8--,ib41 p4 #a4 #cdh ,:at1 9 ,weld's ,abridg$ ,edition1 is improp]ly call$ a p>ticipial n\n1 01 9 8 orig9al "w1 /ill m errone\sly t]m$ a p>ticipial clause4 ,?is g5tleman1 :o has lately am5d$ 8 g5]al rule = possessives by wrongfully copy+ or imitat+ m9e1 has also z widely v>i$ 8 conception ( ! p>ticipial--object possess$2 b1 9 my judgem5t1 a *ange /ill great] might n be amiss4 ,! possessive is (t5 gov]n$ by a p>ticipial clause2 z1 mu* w dep5d on ! pupil's compos+ frequ5tly4 ,pupil's is gov]n$ by ! clause1 'compos+ frequ5tly4' ,,note4--,! sign 7's7 %\ld be annex$ to ! ^w gov]n$ by ! p>ticipial clause foll[+ x4--,weld's ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #aej4 ,aga93 ,! possessive is (t5 gov]n$ by a p>ticipial n\n2 z1 ,mu* w dep5d on ! pupil's compos+ frequ5tly4 ,pupil's is gov]n$ by ! p>ticipial n\n compos+4 ,,note4--,! sign 7's7 %\ld be annex$ to ! ^w gov]n$ by ! p>ticipial n\n foll[+ x4--,weld's ,gram41 ,abridg$1 p4 #aag4 ,*oos+ ! possessive case1 :]e1 bo? by analogy & by au?ority1 ! objective w\ld be q z grammatical1 if n m s2 de/roy+1 z f> z possible1 all syntactical di/9ction betwe5 ! p>ticiple & ! p>ticipial n\n1 by conf\nd+ !m purposely1 ev5 9 "n2 ?is au?or1 l ,wells1 :om he too (t5 imitates1 takes no notice ( ! "q "h discuss$1 & seems q unconsci\s t p>ticiples p>tly made n\ns c produce false syntax4 ,to ! =ego+ in/ructions1 he subjo9s ! foll[+ comm5t1 z a m>g9al note3 ,! p>ticiple us$ z a n\n1 /ill reta9s its v]bal prop]ties1 & may gov]n ! objective case1 or be modifi$ by an adv]b or adjunct1 l ! v]b f :i* x is d]iv$4--,ibid4 ,:5 "o "p ( spee* is said to be us$ z an o!r1 ! le>n] may be greatly puzzl$ to und]/& to :i* class ! giv5 ^w belongs4 ,if ! p>ticiple us$ z a n\n1 /ill reta9s its v]bal prop]ties1 x is1 manife/ly1 n a n\n1 b a p>ticiple /ill2 n a p>ticipial n\n1 b a n\nal p>ticiple1 :e!r ! ?+ be all[able or n4 ,h5ce ! tea*+s j cit$ are inconsi/5t4 ,wells says1 ,p>ticiples are (t5 us$ 9 ! s5se ( n\ns2 z1 ',!re 0 aga9 ! smack+ ( :ips1 ! clatt]+ ( ho(s1 & ! glitt]+ ( h>ness4'--,,irv+4--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,?is is n well /at$2 because ^! are p>ticipial n\ns1 & n p>ticiples4 ,:at ,wells calls p>ticipial n\ns1 diff] f ^!1 & are all spuri\s1 all mongrels1 all p>ticiples r ?an n\ns4 ,9 reg>d to possessives be=e p>ticiples1 no in/ructions appe> to be m defective ?an ^? ( ?is g5tleman4 ,8 sole rule supposes ! pupil always to "k :5 & :y ! possessive is prop]1 & only in/ructs him n to =m x )\t ! sign6 ,x is ?is3 ,:5 a n\n or a pron\n1 prec$+ a p>ticiple us$ z a n\n1 is prop]ly 9 ! possessive case1 ! sign ( possession %\ld n be omitt$4--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #aba4 ,all ! examples put "u ?is rule1 are inappropriate3 ea* w mislead ! le>n]4 ,^? :i* are call$ ,correct1 are1 ,i ?9k errone\s2 & ^? :i* are call$ ,false ,syntax1 ! add+ ( ! possessive sign w n am5d4 #cdi ,x is rem>kable1 t ,l9dley ,murray1 ) all 8 c>e 9 revis+ 8 "w1 did n see ! inconsi/5cy ( 8 in/ructions 9 relation to phrases ( ?is k9d4 ,fir/ he copies ,l[?'s doctr9e1 lit]ally & anonym\sly1 f ! ,doctor's #ag? page1 ?us3 ,:5 ! ?+ to :i* ano!r is said to belong1 is express$ by a circumlocution1 or by _m t]ms1 ! sign ( ! possessive case is commonly add$ to ! la/ t]m3 z1 ',! k+ ( ,great ,brita9's dom9ions4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #de4 ,aft]w>ds he condemns ?is3 ,! ^w 9 ! g5itive case is frequ5tly ,,plac$ ,,improp]ly3 z1 ',?is fact appe>s f ,dr4 ,pe>son ( ,birm+ham's exp]im5ts4' ,x %\ld be1 'f ! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,pe>son ( ,birm+ham4' --,ib41 p4 #age4 ,& aga9 he makes x necess>y3 ,a phrase 9 :i* ! words are s connect$ & dep5d5t1 z to admit ( no pause be=e ! conclusion1 necess>ily requires ! g5itive sign at or ne> ! end ( ! phrase3 z1 ',^: pr]ogative is x8 ,x is ! k+ ( ,great ,brita9's2' ',t is ! duke ( ,bridgewat]'s canal2' c4--,ib41 p4 #bgf4 ,is !re n contradiction 9 ^! in/ructions8 #cej ,a late gramm>ian tells u3 ,9 n\ns end+ 9 es & ss1 ! o!r s is n add$2 z1 ,*>les' hat1 ,goodness' sake4--,wilcox's ,gram41 p4 #aa4 ,he %\ld r h said1 ,to n\ns end+ 9 es or ss1 ! o!r s is n add$4 ,b 8 doctr9e is worse ?an 8 syntax2 &1 :at is rem>kable1 he himself =gets x 9 ! c\rse ( a few m9utes1 ?us3 ,decl9e ,*>les4 ,nom4 ,*>les1 ,poss4 ,*>les's1 ,obj4 ,*>les4--,ib41 p4 #ab4 ,see ! l doctr9e 9 ,mulligan's rec5t "w on ! ,/ructure ( ,language1 p4 #ahb4 #cea ,,vaugelas 0 a not$ ,fr5* critic1 :o di$ 9 #afej4 ,9 ,murray's ,gramm>1 ! "n is m ?an once mi/ak54 ,on page #cei?1 ( ! edition above cit$1 x is pr9t$ ,vangelas--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ceb ,nixon p>ses boy1 z be+ 9 ! possessive case1 gov]n$ by di/ress und]/ood2 & girl's1 z be+ c\pl$ by nor to boy1 accord+ to ! ,rule1 ,conjunctions connect ! same cases4 ,?us "o ^w is writt5 wrong2 ! o!r1 p>s$ wrong3 & s ( all 8 examples above4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #cec ,wells1 ^: ,gramm>1 9 its fir/ edition1 divides v]bs into transitive1 intransitive1 & passive2 b ^: late edition absurdly make all passives transitive2 says1 9 8 ?ird edition1 ,a transitive v]b is a v]b t has "s n\n or pron\n = its object2 7p4 #gh27 adopts1 9 8 syntax1 ! old dogma1 ,transitive v]bs gov]n ! objective case2 7#c;d ,ed41 p4 #aed27 & to ?is rule subjo9s a s]ies ( rem>ks1 s s+ul>ly fit to puzzle or mislead ! le>n]1 & )al s successful 9 w9n+ ! approbation ( committees & tea*]s1 t x may be wor? :ile to notice mo/ ( !m "h4 ,,rem4 #a4--;,a s5t5ce or phrase (t5 supplies ! place ( a n\n or pron\n 9 ! objective case2 z1 ',y see h[ few ( ^! m5 h return$4'--,wells' s ,s*ool ,gram41 ,?ird ,?\s&1 p4 #aed2 late ,ed4 #bae4 ,accord+ to ?is1 mu/ we n suppose v]bs to be (t5 transitive1 :5 n made s by ! au?or's def9ition8 ,& if see is "h transitive1 w\ld n o!r =ms1 su* z are told1 h be5 told1 or are aw>e1 be j z mu* s1 if put 9 its place8 ,,rem4 #b4--;,an intransitive v]b may be us$ to gov]n an objective1 :5 ! v]b & ! n\n dep5d+ ^u x are ( k9dr$ signification2 z1 ',to live a blameless life2'--',to run a race4'--,ib4 ,"h v]bs are absurdly call$ intransitive1 :51 bo? 9 fact & by ! =ego+ def9ition1 !y are cle>ly transitive2 or1 at lea/1 are1 by _m tea*]s1 suppos$ to be s4 ,,rem4 #c4--;,idiomatic expressions sometimes occur 9 :i* intransitive v]bs are foll[$ by objectives dep5d+ ^u !m2 z1 ',to look ! subject fully 9 ! face4'--,*ann+4 ',!y laugh$ him to scorn4'--,matt4 #i3bd4 ',& talk$ ! night away4'--,goldsmi?4-- ,ib4 ,"h aga91 v]bs evid5tly made transitive by ! con/ruction1 are1 ) /range inconsi/5cy1 call$ intransitive4 ,by ^! ?ree rem>ks toge!r1 ! di/9ction betwe5 transitives & intransitives mu/ ne$s be ext5sively obscur$ 9 ! m9d ( ! le>n]4 ,,rem4 #d4--,transitive v]bs ( ask+1 giv+1 tea*+1 & "s o!rs1 are (t5 employ$ to gov]n two objectives2 z1 ',ask him 8 op9ion2'--',?is exp]i5ce taught me a valuable lesson4'--',sp>e me yet ?is bitt] cup4'--,hemans4 ',i ?rice pres5t$ him a k+ly cr[n4'--,%akspe>e4--,ib4 ,?is rule n only jumbles toge!r sev]al diff]5t con/ructions1 su* z w\ld require diff]5t cases 9 ,lat9 or ,greek1 b is evid5tly repugnant to ! s5se ( _m ( ! passages to :i* x is meant to be appli$4 ,wells ?9ks1 ! practice ( supply+ a preposition1 is1 9 _m cases1 arbitr>y1 & does viol5ce to an important & well e/abli%$ idiom ( ! language4--,ib4 ,b h[ c any idiom be violat$ by a mode ( p>s+1 :i* m]ely exp\nds its true mean+8 ,if ! dative case has ! mean+ ( to1 & ! ablative has ! mean+ ( f1 h[ c !y be exp\nd$1 9 ,engli%1 b by sugge/+ ! p>ticle1 :]e x is omitt$8 ,= example3 ,sp>e me yet f ?is bitt] cup4--,sp>e to me yet ?is joy\s cup4 ,?is au?or says1 ,! rule = ! gov]nm5t ( two objectives by a v]b1 )\t ! aid ( a preposition1 is adopt$ by ,web/]1 ,murray1 ,alex&]1 ,frazee1 ,nutt+1 ,p]ley1 ,goldsbury1 ,j4 ,m4 ,putnam1 ,haml91 ,fl[]1 ,crane1 ,brace1 & _m o!rs4--,ib4 ,yet1 if ,i mi/ake n1 ! weight ( au?ority is va/ly aga9/ x4 ,su* a rule z ?is1 is n ext5sively approv$2 & ev5 "s ( ! names "h giv51 are improp]ly cit$4 ,l9dley ,murray's rem>k1 ,"s ( our v]bs appe> to gov]n two words 9 ! objective case1 is appli$ only to words 9 apposition1 & wrong ev5 !re2 ,p]ley's rule is only ( ,"s v]bs ( ask+ & tea*+2 & ,nutt+'s note1 ,x sometimes happ5s t "o transitive v]b gov]ns two objective cases1 is s v loose1 t "o c nei!r d5y x1 nor tell h[ mu* x means4 ,,rem4 #e4--,v]bs ( ask+1 giv+1 tea*+1 & "s o!rs1 are (t5 employ$ 9 ! passive voice to gov]n a n\n or pron\n2 z1 ',he 0 ask$ 8 op9ion4'--,johnson4 ',he _h be5 refus$ %elt]4'-- ,irv+4--,ib41 p4 #aee1 #bae4 ,passive gov]n+ is n f> f absurdity4 ,"h1 by way ( illu/ration1 we h examples ( two sorts2 ! "o elliptical1 ! o!r soleci/ical4 ,! =m] text appe>s to mean1 ,he 0 ask$ =1 8 op9ion2--or1 ,he 0 ask$ to give 8 op9ion3 ! latt] %\ld h be51 ,%elt] _h be5 refus$ him2--i4e41 to him4 ,( ! sev5 in/ances cit$ by ! au?or1 five at lea/ are ( ! latt] k9d1 & !re=e to be condemn$2 & x is to be obs]v$1 t :5 !y are correct$1 & ! "r ^w is made nom9ative1 ! passive gov]nm5t1 by ,wells's own %[+1 becomes no?+ b ! ellipsis ( a preposition4 ,hav+ j giv5 a rule1 by :i* all 8 v>i\s examples are assum$ to be regul> & "r1 he v inconsi/5tly adds ?is n3 ,?is =m ( expression is anomal\s1 & might1 9 _m cases1 be improv$4 ,?us1 in/ead ( say+1 ',he 0 (f]$ a seat on ! c\ncil1' x w\ld be pref]able to say ',a seat 9 ! c\ncil 0 (f]$ to him4'--,ib41 p4 #aee1 ,sec4 #bae4 ,by admitt+ "h ! ellipsis ( ! preposition to1 he evid5tly refutes ! doctr9e ( 8 own text1 s f> z x relates to passive gov]nm5t1 &1 by implication1 ! doctr9e ( 8 f\r? rem>k also4 ,= ! ellipsis ( to1 be=e him1 is j z evid5t 9 ! active expression1 ,i ?rice pres5t$ him a k+ly cr[n1 z 9 ! passive1 ,a k+ly cr[n 0 ?rice pres5t$ him4 ,x is absurd to d5y x 9 ei!r4 ,hav+ (fset himself1 ,wells z +5i\sly balances 8 au?orities1 pro & con2 b1 ! elliptical examples be+ all[able1 he %\ld n h said t ,i & o!rs condemn ?is usage altoge!r4 ,,rem4 #f4--,! passive voice ( a v]b is sometimes us$ 9 connection ) a preposition1 =m+ a comp\nd passive v]b2 z ',he 0 li/5$ to4'--',nor is ?is to be sc(f$ at4'--',?is is a t5d5cy to be gu>d$ aga9/4'--',a bitt] p]secution 0 c>ri$ on4'--,hallam4-- ,ib41 p4 #aee1 ,sec4 #bae4 ,! words "h call$ prepositions1 are adv]bs4 ,prepositions !y _c be2 because !y h no subsequ5t t]m4 ,nor is x ei!r necess>y or prop]1 to call !m p>ts ( ! v]b3 0 c>ri$ on1 is no m a comp\nd v]b1 ?an 0 c>ri$ (f1 or 0 c>ri$ =w>d1 & ! l4 ,,rem4 #g4--;,idiomatic expressions sometimes occur 9 :i* a n\n 9 ! objective is prec$$ by a passive v]b1 & foll[$ by a preposition us$ adv]bially4 ,,examples3 ',vocal & in/rum5tal music 7 made use (4'--,addison4 ',! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif?1 7 tak5 possession ( at half pa/ eight4--,s\!y4 ',! ,p9ta 0 soon lo/ sight ( 9 ! d>kness ( ! night4'--,irv+4--,ib41 p4 #aee1 ,sec4 #bae4 ,z x is by ! mann] ( _! use1 t we di/+ui% prepositions & adv]bs1 x seems no m prop] to speak ( a preposition us$ adv]bially1 ?an ( an adv]b us$ prepositionally4 ,b ev5 if ! =m] phrase is "r & ! ?+ conceivable1 "h is no in/ance ( x2 = ( "h modifies no v]b1 adjective1 or adv]b4 ,! con/ruction is an unp>sable syn*ysis1 a vile sn>l1 :i* no gramm>ian %\ld hesitate to condemn4 ,^! examples may ea* be correct$ 9 sev]al ways3 #a4 ,say--7 us$2--7 tak5 into possession2--0 soon lo/ f sight4 #b4 ,say--,!y made use ( music1 bo? vocal & in/rum5tal4--,( ! ?ird1 ! f\r?1 & ! fif?1 !y took possession at half pa/ eight4--,( ! ,p9ta !y soon li/ sight1 c4 #c4 ,say--,use 0 also made ( bo? vocal & in/rum5tal music4--,possession ( ! ?ird1 ! f\r?1 & ! fif?1 0 tak5 at half pa/ eight4--,! ,p9ta soon disappe>$ 9 ! d>kness ( ! night4 ,"h aga91 ,wells puzzles 8 pupil1 ) a note :i* half ju/ifies & half condemns ! awkw>d usage 9 "q4 ,see ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #adg2 #c;d ,ed41 #aef2 late ,ed41 ,sec4 #bae4 ,,rem4 #h4--,!re are "s v]bs :i* may be us$ ei!r transitively or intransitively2 z1 ',he w return 9 a week1' ',he w return ! book4'--,ib41 p4 #adg2 #aef2 c4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson1 ?is is true ( mo/ v]bs1 & ,l9dley ,murray ass]ts x ( _m4 ,!re are1 ,i ?9k1 b few :i* may n1 9 "s phraseology or o!r1 be us$ bo? ways4 ,h5ce ! rule1 ,transitive v]bs gov]n ! objective case1 or1 z ,wells n[ has x1 ,transitive v]bs1 9 ! active voice1 gov]n ! objective case1 7,sec4 #bae17 re/s only ^u a di/9ction :i* itself creates1 betwe5 transitives & intransitives2 & !re=e x am\nts to little4 #ced ,to ^! examples1 ,web/] adds two o!rs1 ( a diff]5t sort1 ) a comm5t1 ?us3 ',ask him 8 op9ion8' ',y h ask$ me ! news4' ,w x be said t ! latt] phrases are elliptical1 = 'ask ( him 8 op9ion8' ,i appreh5d ?is to be a mi/ake4 ,accord+ to ! true idea ( ! gov]nm5t ( a transitive v]b1 him mu/ be ! object 9 ! phrase "u consid]ation1 z mu* z 9 ?is1 ',ask him = a gu9ea2' or 9 ?is1 'ask him to g4'--,ibid1 ut supra2 ,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #aeb2 ,f[l]'s1 p4 #dhj4 ,if1 = ! reason "h /at$1 x is a mi/ake to supply ( 9 ! =ego+ in/ances1 x does n foll[ t !y are n elliptical4 ,on ! contr>y1 if !y are analog\s to1 ,ask him = a gu9ea2 or1 ,ask him to g2 x is manife/ t ! con/ruction mu/ be ?is3 ,ask him = 8 op9ion2 or1 ,ask him to tell 8 op9ion4 ,s t ! "q resolves itself into ?is3 ,:at is ! be/ way ( supply+ ! ellipsis1 :5 two objectives ?us occur aft] ask8--,g4 ,,br[n4 #cee ,^! examples ,murray borr[$ f ,web/]1 :o publi%$ !m1 ) ref]5ces1 "u 8 #cd? ,rule4 ,) too little fai? 9 ! corrective p[] ( gramm>1 ! ,doctor rem>ks ^u ! con/ructions z foll[s3 ,?is idiom is outrage\sly anomal\s1 b p]haps incorrigible4-- ,web/]'s ,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #ahj2 ,imp4 ,g41 #abh4 #cef ,?is seems to be a reasonable pr9ciple ( syntax1 & yet ,i f9d x contradict$1 or a pr9ciple opposite to x set up1 by "s mod]n tea*]s ( note1 :o v5ture to ju/ify all ^? abnormal phrases :i* ,i "h condemn z errors4 ,?us ,f[l]3 ,note #e4 ,:5 a ,v]b ) its ,accusative case1 is equival5t to a s+le v]b1 x may take ?is accusative aft] x 9 ! passive voice2 z1 ',?is has be5 put an end to4'--,f[l]'s ,engli% ,language1 #hvo1 #eeb4 ,n[ :at is ?is1 b an ef=t to tea* bad ,engli% by rule8--& by su* a rule1 too1 z is va/ly m g5]al ?an ev5 ! great class ( t]ms :i* x 0 design$ to include8 ,& yet ?is rule1 broad z x is1 does n apply at all to ! example giv56 ,= put an end1 )\t ! important ^w to1 is n equival5t to /op or t]m9ate4 ,nor is ! example "r4 ,"o ought r to say1 ,?is has be5 end$2 or1 ,?is has be5 /opp$4 ,see ! m>g9al ,note to ,obs4 #e?1 above4 #ceg ,"s1 h[ev]1 h conceiv$ ! putt+ ( ! same case aft] ! v]b z be=e x1 to be gov]nm5t2 z1 ,neut] v]bs occasionally gov]n ei!r ! nom9ative or ! objective case1 aft] !m4--,alex&]'s ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,! v]b to be1 always gov]ns a ,nom9ative1 unless x be ( ! ,inf9itive ,mood4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #id4 ,?is latt] ass]tion is1 9 fact1 mon/r\sly untrue1 & also soleci/ical4 #ceh ,n unfrequ5tly ! conjunction z int]v5es betwe5 ^! same cases1 z x may also betwe5 words 9 apposition2 z1 ,he !n is z ! head1 & we z ! memb]s2 he ! v9e1 & we ! bran*es4--,b>clay's ,works1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #ahi4 #cei ',^: h\se is t8' ,?is s5t5ce1 be=e x is p>s$1 %\ld be transpos$2 ?us1 ',^: is t h\se8' ,! same obs]vation applies to e s5t5ce ( a simil> con/ruction4--,*&l]'s old ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,?is in/ruction is worse ?an nons5se2 = x tea*es ! pupil to p>se e ^w 9 ! s5t5ce wrong6 ,! au?or proce$s to expla9 ,^:1 z qualify+ h\se1 und]/ood2 is1 z agree+ ) its nom9ative1 h\se2 t1 z qualify+ h\se2 & h\se1 z nom9ative case to ! v]b1 is4 ,no?+ ( ?is is true ( ! orig9al "q4 ,=1 9 t1 ,^: is gov]n$ by h\se2 h\se is nom9ative aft] is2 is agrees ) h\se und]/ood2 & t relates to h\se und]/ood4 ,! mean+ is1 ,^: h\se is t h\se8 or1 9 ! ord] ( a decl>ative s5t5ce1 ,t h\se is ^: h\se8 #cfj #a3 ,9 ,lat91 ! accusative case is us$ aft] su* a v]b1 because an o!r ^w 9 ! same case is und]/ood be=e x2 z1 ,fac]e qu libet1 ,,id e/ hom9em esse regem4--,,sallu/4 ,to d :at he pleases1 ,,t is = a man to be a k+4 ,if ,pr(essor ,bullions _h und]/ood ,lat91 or ,greek1 or ,engli%1 z well z 8 comm5d]s imag9e1 he might h discov]$ :at con/ruction ( cases we h 9 ! foll[+ in/ances3 ,x is an hon\r = a man to be ! au?or ( su* a "w4--,bullions's ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #hb4 ,to be surety = a /rang] 1 is dang]\s4--,ib4 ,n to "k :at happ5$ be=e y 7 born1 is to be always a *ild4--,ib4 ,nescire quid accid]it antequam natus es1 e/ semp] esse pu]um4--,ib4 ,greek3 ,e/i tion ais*ron 444topon1 hon hm5 pote kurioi pha9e/hai proiem5\s4 ,x is a %ame to be se5 giv+ up c\ntries ( :i* we 7 once ma/]s4--,,demo/h5es3 ib4 ,:at support ^! examples give to ?is gramm>ian's new notion ( ! objective indef9ite or to 8 /ill lat] seizure ( ,gre5e's doctr9e ( ! pr$icate-nom9ative ! le>n$ read] may judge4 ,all ! ,lat9 & ,greek gramm>ians suppose an ellipsis1 9 su* in/ances2 b "s mod]ns are c>eless en\gh ( t1 & ( ! analogy ( ,g5]al ,gramm> 9 ?is case1 to h second$ ! ,doctor 9 8 absurdity4 ,see ,f>num's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #bc2 & ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's1 p4 #adi4 #b4 ,pr(essor ,h>t has an indecisive rem>k on ?is con/ruction1 z foll[s3 ,sometimes a v]b 9 ! inf9itive mood has a n\n aft] x )\t any o!r n\n be=e x2 z1 ',to be a good man1 is n s easy a ?+ z _m p imag9e4' ,"h 'man' may be p>s$ z us$ indef9itely aft] ! v]b to be4 ,x is n easy to say 9 :at case ! n\n is 9 su* s5t5ces4 ,! analogy ( ! ,lat9 w\ld seem to indicate ! objective4--,?us1 ',n to "k :at happ5$ 9 pa/ ye>s1 is to be always a *ild1' ,lat91 'semp] esse pu]um4' ,9 l mann]1 9 ,engli%1 we may say1 ',its be+ me1 ne$ make no *ange 9 y\r det]m9ation4'--,h>t's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #abg4 #c4 ,^! le>n$ au?ors ?us diff] ab\t :at c]ta9ly admits ( no o!r solution ?an t :i* is giv5 9 ! ,obs]vation above4 ,to p>se ! n\ns 9 "q1 z us$ indef9itely1 )\t case1 & to call !m objectives indef9ite1 )\t agreem5t or gov]nm5t1 are two me?ods equally repugnant to reason4 ,! la/ sugge/ion ( ,h>t's is also a false argum5t = a true position4 ,! phrases1 ,its be+ me1 & ,to be a good man1 are f> f be+ con/ruct$ 9 l mann]4 ,! =m] is manife/ly bad ,engli%2 because its & me are n 9 ! same case4 ,b ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e w\ld say1 ,its be+ ,i1 is "r4 ,= 9 a simil> in/ance1 he has ?is conclusion3 ,h5ce1 9 abridg+ ! foll[+ proposition1 ',i 0 n aw>e t x 0 he1' we %\ld say '( its be+ he1' n '8' nor 'him4'--,gre5e's ,analysis1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #aga4 ,:5 be+ becomes a n\n1 no case aft] x appe>s to be v prop]2 b ?is au?or1 ?us abridg+ f\r syllables into five1 produces an anomal\s con/ruction :i* x w\ld be mu* bett] to avoid4 #cfa ,p>khur/ & ,sanborn1 by :at !y call ,a ,,new ,,rule1 attempt to det]m9e ! d\btful or unkn[n case :i* ?is note c5sures1 & to ju/ify ! con/ruction z be+ well-au?oriz$ & h>dly avoidable4 ,_! rule is ?is3 ,a n\n foll[+ a neut] or a passive p>ticipial n\n1 is 9 ! nom9ative indep5d5t4 ,a n\n or pron\n 9 ! possessive case1 always prec$es ! p>ticipial n\n1 ei!r express$ or und]/ood1 signify+ ! same ?+ z ! n\n does t foll[s x4 ,to ?is new & exceptionable' dogma1 ,sanborn adds3 ,?is =m ( expression is "o ( ! mo/ common idioms ( ! language1 & 9 g5]al composition _c be well avoid$4 ,9 confirmation ( ! /atem5t made1 v>i\s au?orities are subjo9$4 ,two gramm>ians only1 to our k1 h rem>k$ ,,oh ?is phraseology3 ',p>ticiples are sometimes prec$$ by a possessive case & foll[$ by a nom9ative2 z1 ,!re is no d\bt ( 8 be+ a great /atesman4' ,b4 ,,gre5leaf4 ',we sometimes f9d a p>ticiple t takes ! same case aft] z be=e x1 conv]t$ into a v]bal n\n1 & ! latt] ^w reta9$ un*ang$ 9 connexion ) x2 z1 ,i h "s recollection ( 8 fa!r's be+ a judge4' ,,goold ,,br[n4--,sanborn's ,analytical ,gram41 p4 #ahi4 ,on :at pr9ciple ! words /atesman & judge c be affirm$ to be 9 ! nom9ative case1 ,i see n2 & c]ta9ly !y are n nom9atives indep5d5t because ! ^w be+1 aft] :i* !y /&1 is n itself indep5d5t4 ,x is true1 ! phraseology is common en\gh to be good ,engli%3 b ,i dislike x2 & if ?is citation f me1 0 meant = a confirmation ( ! reasonless dogmatism prec$+1 x is n made ) fairness1 because my op9ion ( ! con/ruction is omitt$ by ! quot]4 ,see ,in/itutes ( ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #afb4 ,9 an o!r late gramm>1--a %ameful "w1 because x is 9 great measure a tissue ( petty l>c5ies f my ,in/itutes1 ) alt]ations = ! worse1--,i f9d ! foll[+ absurd ,note1 or ,rule3 ,an inf9itive or p>ticiple is (t5 foll[$ by a sub/antive explanatory ( an indef9ite p]son or ?+4 ,! sub/antive is !n 9 ! objective case1 & may be call$ ! objective aft] ! inf9itive1 or p>ticiple2 z1 ,x is an honor to be ! au?or ( su* a "w4 ,8 be+ a great man1 did n make him a happy man4 ,by be+ an ob$i5t *ild1 y w secure ! approbation ( y\r p>5ts4--,f>num's ,practical ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #be4 ,! fir/ ( ^! examples is elliptical2 7see ,obs4 #ab? above1 & ! ,m>g9al ,note27 ! second is bad ,engli%1--or1 at' any rate1 directly repugnant to ! rule = same cases2 & ! ?ird p>s$ wrong by ! rule3 *ild is 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,see ,obs4 #g? above4 #cfb ,:5 ! prec$+ case is n ! v]b's nom9ative ?is phrase mu/ ( c\rse be omitt$2 & :5 ! ^w :i* is to be correct$1 does n lit]ally foll[ ! v]b1 x may be prop] to say1 con/ructively foll[s1 9 lieu ( ! phrase1 comes aft]4 #cfc ,! au?or ( ?is example supposes fri5d to be 9 ! nom9ative case1 ?\gh ,john's is 9 ! possessive1 & bo? words d5ote ! same p]son4 ,b ?is is n only contr>y to ! g5]al rule = ! same cases1 b contr>y to 8 own application ( "o ( 8 rules4 ,example3 ,m>ia's duty1 z a tea*]1 is1 to in/ruct h] pupils4 ,"h1 he says1 ,tea*] is 9 ! possessive case1 f its relation to ! "n ,m>ia1 d5ot+ ! same object4--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #baa4 ,?is explanation1 inde$1 is sc>cely intelligible1 on acc\nt ( its grammatical inaccuracy4 ,he means1 h[ev]1 t1 ,tea*] is 9 ! possessive case1 f its relation to ! "n ,m>ia's1 ! two words d5ot+ ! same object4 ,no ^w c be possessive f its relation to ! "n ,m>ia1 except by /&+ imm$iately be=e x1 9 ! usual mann] ( possessives2 z1 ,/]ne's ,m>ia4 #cfd ,dr4 ,web/]1 :o 0 ev] ready to ju/ify almo/ any usage = :i* he c\ld f9d half a doz5 respectable au?orities1 absurdly supposes1 t :o may sometimes be rightly pref]r$ to :om1 z ! object ( a preposition4 ,8 rem>k is ?is3 ,9 ! use ( :o z an int]rogative1 !re is an app>5t deviation f regul> con/ruction--x be+ us$ )\t di/9ction ( case2 z1 ',:o d y speak to8' ',:o is %e m>ri$ to8' ',:o is ?is res]v$ =8' ',:o 0 x made by8' ,?is idiom is n m]ely colloquial3 x is f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( our be/ au?ors4--,web/]'s ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aid2 8 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #acf4 ,9 ?is phrase1 ',:o d y speak to8' !re is a deviation f regul> con/ruction2 b ! practice ( ?us us+ :o1 9 c]ta9 famili> phrases1 seems to be e/abli%$ by ! be/ au?ors4--,web/]'s ,rudim5ts ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #gb4 ,almo/ any o!r solecism may be q z well ju/ifi$ z ?is4 ,! pres5t "w %[s1 9 fact1 a great mass ( au?orities = _m ( ! incongruities :i* x v5tures to rebuke4 #cfe ,gramm>ians diff] mu* z to ! prop] mode ( p>s+ su* n\ns4 ,wells says1 ,?is is ! case indep5d5t by ellipsis4--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #abc4 ,b ! idea ( su* a case is a flat absurdity4 ,ellipsis occurs only :]e some?+1 n utt]$1 is impli$2 & :]e a preposition is ?us want+1 ! n\n is1 ( c\rse1 its object2 & !re=e n indep5d5t4 ,web/]1 ) too mu* contempt = ! op9ion ( ,l[?1 foll[$ by ! :ole tribe ( writ]s on ?is subject1 decl>es x a palpable error1 to suppose prepositions to be und]/ood be=e ^! expressions2 &1 by two new rules1 8 #bb;d & #bh?1 tea*es1 t1 ,names ( measure or dim5sion1 foll[$ by an adjective1 & ,names ( c]ta9 portions ( "t & space1 & especially words d5ot+ cont9uance ( "t or progression1 are us$ )\t a gov]n+ ^w4--,philos4 ,gram41 pp4 #afe & #agb2 ,imp4 ,gram41 #aaf & #abb2 ,rudim5ts1 #fe & #fg4 ,b ?is is no acc\nt at all ( ! con/ruction1 or ( ! case ( ! n\n4 ,z ! nom9ative1 or ! case :i* we may use indep5d5tly1 is nev] a subject ( gov]nm5t1 ! phrase1 )\t a gov]n+ ^w1 implies t ! case is objective2 & h[ c ?is case be kn[n1 except by ! discov]y ( "s gov]n+ ^w1 ( :i* x is ! object8 ,we f9d1 h[ev]1 _m su* rules z ! foll[+3 ,n\ns ( "t1 di/ance1 & degree1 are put 9 ! objective case )\t a preposition4--,nutt+'s ,gram41 p4 #ajj4 ,n\ns :i* d5ote "t1 quantity1 measure1 di/ance1 value1 or direction are (t5 put 9 ! objective case )\t a preposition4--,weld's ,gram41 p4 #aec2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 #aah4 ,numes signify+ duration1 ext5sion1 quantity1 quality1 & valuation1 are 9 ! objective case )\t a gov]n+ ^w4--,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #aed4 ,bullions1 too1 has a simil> rule4 ,to e/imate ^! rules aright1 "o %\ld obs]ve h[ (t5 ! n\ns 9 "q are f\nd ) a gov]n+ ^w4 ,weld1 ( late1 contradicts himself by admitt+ ! ellipsis2 & !n1 inconsi/5tly ) 8 admission1 mo/ absurdly d5ies ! frequ5t use ( ! preposition ) n\ns ( "t1 quantity1 c4 ,be=e words ( ?is description1 ! ellipsis ( a preposition is obvi\s4 ,b x is seldom prop] to use ! preposition be=e su* words4--,weld's ,abridg$ ,edition1 p4 #aah4 #cff ,pr(essor ,f[l] absurdly says1 ,nigh1 ne>1 next1 l1 :5 foll[$ by ! objective case1 may be reg>d$ ei!r z ,prepositions or z ,adjectives1 to be+ und]/ood4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 #deh1 ,note #g4 ,n[1 to be+ und]/ood1 x is pla9 t no "o ( ^! words c be acc\nt$ a preposition1 b by suppos+ ! preposition to be complex1 & to be p>tly suppress$4 ,?is c be no?+ bett] ?an an idle :im2 &1 s9ce ! classification ( words z p>ts ( spee*1 is always positive & exclusive1 to ref] any p>ticul> ^w indecisively to ei!r ( two classes1 is c]ta9ly no bett] tea*+1 ?an to say1 ,i d n "k ( :i* sort x is2 call x :at y please6 ,) decision prompt en\gh1 b ) too little reg>d to analogy or consi/5cy1 ,la?am & ,*ild say1 ,! adjective l gov]ns a case1 & x is ! only adjective t does s4--,elem5t>y ,gram41 p4 #aee4 ,9 tea*+ ?us1 !y seem to ignore ^! facts3 t ne>1 nigh1 or opposite1 might j z well be said to be an adjective gov]n+ a case2 & t ! use ( to or unto aft] l has be5 common en\gh to prove ! ellipsis4 ,! ,bible has _m examples2 z1 ,:o is l to !e 9 ,israel8--#a ,samuel1 xxvi1 #ae4 ,hew !e two tables ( /one l unto ! fir/4--,exodus1 xxxiv1 #a2 & ,deut41 x1 #a4 ,b _! great inconsi/5cy "h is1 t !y call ! case aft] l a dative--a case unkn[n to _! etymology6 ,see ,gram4 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bei4 ,9 gramm>1 a solit>y exception or in/ance c sc>cely be a true "o4 #cfg ,! foll[+ examples may illu/rate ^! po9ts3 ,^! v]bs1 & all o!rs l to !m1 7 l ,,timao4--,dr4 ,murray's ,hi/4 ( ,europ4 ,lang41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #abh4 ,! old ,g]man1 & ev5 ! mod]n ,g]man1 are mu* lik] to ! ,visigo?ic ?an !y are to ! dialect ( ! ,edda4--,ib41 i1 #ccj4 ,proximus f9em1 nighe/ ! end4--,ib41 ii1 #aej4 ,let u n[ come ne>] to our own language4--,dr4 ,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #he4 ,?is looks v l a p>adox4--,,beattie3 ,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aac4 ,he 0 ne> to fall+4--,ib41 p4 #aaf4 ,murray1 :o puts ne> into 8 li/ ( prepositions1 gives ?is example to %[ h[ prepositions become adv]bs6 ,!re 0 none ev] be=e l unto x4--,/one1 on ,masonry1 p4 #e4 ,& e>?ly p[] do? !n %[ like/ ,god's1 ,:5 m]cy seasons ju/ice4--,beauties ( ,%akspe>e1 p4 #de4 #cfh ,wright's notion ( ?is con/ruction is positively absurd & self-contradictory4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 ,my cane is wor? a %ill+1 he takes ! ^w wor? to be a n\n 9 apposition to ! ^w %ill+4 ,& to prove x s1 he puts ! s5t5ce successively into ^! f\r =ms3 ,my cane is wor? or value = a %ill+2--,! wor? or value ( my cane is a %ill+2--,my cane is a %ill+'s wor?2--,my cane is ! wor? ( a %ill+4--,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #aej4 ,9 all ^! transmutations1 wor? is unque/ionably a n\n2 b1 9 none ( !m1 is x 9 apposition ) ! ^w %ill+2 & he is q mi/ak5 9 suppos+ t !y indisp5sably prove ! ^w 9 "q to be a n\n4 ,!re are o!r au?ors1 :o1 ) equal confid5ce1 & equal absurdity1 call wor? a v]b4 ,= example3 ,a n\n1 :i* signifies ! price1 is put 9 ! objective case1 )\t a preposition2 z1 'my book is wor? tw5ty %ill+s4' ,is wor? is a neut] v]b1 & answ]s to ! lat9 sic--,,k? v]b valet4--,b>rett's ,gram41 p4 #ach4 ,i d n d5y t ! phrase is wor? is a j v]sion ( ! v]b valet2 b ?is equival5ce 9 import1 is no pro( at all t wor? is a v]b4 ,prode/ is a ,lat9 v]b1 :i* signifies is pr(itable to2 b :o w !nce inf]1 t pr(itable to is a v]b8 #cfi ,9 ,j4 ,r4 ,*&l]'s ,engli% ,gramm>1 z publi%$ 9 #ahba1 ! ^w wor? appe>s 9 ! li/ ( prepositions3 b ! revis$ li/1 9 8 edition ( #ahdg1 does n conta9 x4 ,9 bo? books1 h[ev]1 x is expressly p>s$ z a preposition2 &1 9 exp\nd+ ! s5t5ce1 ,! book is wor? a doll>1 ! au?or makes ?is rem>k3 ,wor? has be5 call$ an adjective by "s1 & a n\n by o!rs3 wor?1 h[ev]1 9 ?is s5t5ce expresses a relation by value1 & is s f> a preposition2 & no ellipsis1 :i* may be =m$1 w\ld *ange ! nature ( ! ^w1 )\t giv+ ! s5t5ce a diff]5t mean+4--,*&l]'s ,gram41 ,old ,ed41 p4 #aee2 ,new ,ed41 p4 #aha4 #cgj ,c[p] "h purposely makes ,mrs4 ,gilp9 use bad ,engli%2 b ?is is no reason :y a s*ool-boy may n be taught to correct x4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley suppos$ t ! ^w we1 9 ! example1 ,to poor we1 ?9e enmity1 c41 0 also us$ by ,%akespe>e1 9 a droll humor\s way4--,gram41 p4 #ajc4 ,he surely did n "k ! connexion ( ! text4 ,x is 9 ,volumnia's pa!tic spee* to h] victori\s son4 ,see ,coriolanus1 ,act ,v1 ,sc4 #c4 #cga ,dr4 ,enfield misund]/ood ?is passage2 &1 9 copy+ x into 8 ,speak]1 7a v popul> s*ool-book17 he has p]v]t$ ! text1 by *ang+ we to u3 z if ! mean+ 71 ,mak+ u fools ( nature4 ,b x is pla91 t all fool's ( nature6 mu/ be fools ( nature's own mak+1 & n p]sons tempor>ily fright$ out ( _! wits by a gho/2 nor does ! mean+ ( ! la/ two l9es comport ) any objective con/ruction ( ?is pron\n4 ,see ,enfield's ,speak]1 p4 #hfd4 #cgb ,9 ,cl>k's ,practical ,gramm>1 ( #ahdh1 is f\nd ?is ,,note3 ,! ,n\n %\ld correspond 9 numb] ) ! ,adjectives4 ,,examples--,a two feet rul]4 ,a t5 feet pole4--,p4 #afe4 ,^! examples are wrong3 ! doctr9e is misappli$ 9 bo?4 ,) ?is au?or1 a1 z well z two or t51 is an adjective ( numb]2 &1 s9ce ^! diff] 9 numb]1 :at sort ( concord or con/ruction d ! f\r words 9 ea* ( ^! phrases make8 ,:5 a num]al & a n\n are unit$ to =m a comp\nd adjective1 we commonly1 if n always1 use ! latt] 9 its primitive or s+ul> =m3 z1 ,a twop5ny toy1--a tw(old error1--?ree-coat pla/]+1 say1 a tw(oot rule1--a t5foot pole2 :i* phrases are "r2 :ile ,cl>k's are n only unusual1 b unanalogical1 ungrammatical4 #cgc ,c]ta9 adjectives t diff] 9 numb]1 are sometimes connect$ disjunctively by or or ?an1 :ile ! n\n lit]ally agrees ) t :i* imm$iately prec$es x1 & ) ! o!r m]ely by implication or supplem5t1 "u ! figure :i* is call$ zeugma3 z1 ,two or m n\ns jo9$ toge!r by "o or m copulative conjunctions4-- ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ge2 ,l4 ,murray's1 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ajf4 ,he speaks n to "o or a few judges1 b to a l>ge assembly4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #bhj4 ,m ?an "o object at a "t4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #cja4 ,see ,obs4 #aj? on ,rule #ag?4 #cgd ,d\ble comp>atives & d\ble sup]latives1 su* z1 ,! m s]5] _s1--,! mo/ /raite/ sect1--are notic$ by ,la?am & ,*ild1 9 _! syntax1 z expressions :i* we occasionally f9d1 ev5 9 good writ]s1 & are truly /at$ to be pleona/ic2 b1 =be>+ to c5sure !m z errors1 ^! critics seem r to ju/ify !m z pleonasms all[able4 ,_! indecisive rem>ks are at fault1 n only because !y are indecisive1 b because !y are bo? liable & likely to mislead ! le>n]4--,see _! ,elem5t>y ,gramm>1 p4 #aee4 #cge ,! le>n$ ,william ,b4 ,f[le /rangely imag9es all pron\ns to be adjectives1 belong+ to n\ns express$ or und]/ood aft] !m2 z1 ,we k+s require !m 7subjects7 to obey u 7k+s74--,! ,true ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ba4 ,!y gramm>ians1 i4 e4 ^? gramm>ians4 ,!y is an o!r spell+ ( !1 & ( c\rse means ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?1 z ! case may be4--,ibid4 ,accord+ to him1 !n1 !m gramm>ians1 = ^? gramm>ians1 is p]fectly good ,engli%2 & s is !y gramm>ians1 ?\gh ! vulg> d n take c>e to v>y ?is adjective1 z ! case may be4 ,8 notion ( subjo9+ a n\n to e pron\n1 is a fit c\nt]p>t to t ( "s o!r gramm>ians1 :o imag9e an ellipsis ( a pron\n aft] almo/ e n\n4 ,?us3 ,! p]sonal ,relatives1 = ! mo/ "p1 are suppress$ :5 ! ,n\n is express$3 z1 ,man 7he7 is ! ,"l ( ?is l[] _w4 ,woman 7%e7 is ! faire/ ,"p ( ! ,creation4 ,! ,palace 7x7 /&s on a ,hill4 ,m5 & ,wom5 7!y7 are rational ,creatures4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #bcd2 ,bu*anan's1 #aca4 ,x w\ld h be5 wor? a great deal to "s m51 to h kn[n :at an ,ellipsis is2 & ! man :o %all yet make su* k common1 ought to be =ev] hon\r$ 9 ! s*ools4 #cgf ,an illegitimate & ungrammatical use ( ^! words1 ei!r & nei!r1 has lately be5 creep+ into ! language1 9 ! application ( ^! t]ms to a plurality ( objects3 z1 ',tw5ty ruffians broke into ! h\se1 b nei!r ( !m c\ld be recogniz$4' ',"h are fifty p5s1 y w f9d t ei!r ( !m w d4'--,,matt4 ,,h>rison1 on ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #aii4 ,ei!r & nei!r1 appli$ to any numb] m ?an "o ( two objects1 is a m]e solecism1 & "o ( late introduction4--,ib41 p4 #bjj4 ,say1 ,ei!r ,,or nei!r1 c4--,g4 ,b4 #cgg ,dr4 ,prie/ley c5sures ?is con/ruction1 on ! gr\nd1 t ! ^w :ole is an attribute ( unity1 & !re=e improp]ly add$ to a plural n\n4 ,b1 9 fact1 ?is adjective is n necess>ily s+ul>1 nor is all necess>ily plural4 ,yet !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ! words3 :ole is equival5t to all only :5 ! n\n is s+ul>2 = !n only d entir5ess & totality co9cide4 ,a man may say1 ! :ole ?+1 :5 he means1 all ! ?+2 b he mu/ n call all ?+s1 :ole ?+s4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 all is put = :ole1 & tak5 sub/antively2 b ! expression is a qua9t "o1 because ! article & preposition seem ne$less3 ,:i* do? encompass & embrace ! all ( ?+s4--,! ,dial1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ei4 #cgh ,?is is n a m]e repetition ( ! la/ example cit$ "u ,note #ad? above2 b x is ,murray's int]pretation ( ! text !re quot$4 ,bo? =ms are faulty1 b n 9 ! same way4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #cgi ,"s au?ors errone\sly say1 ,a p]sonal pron\n does n always agree 9 p]son ) its antec$5t2 z1 ',john said1 ,i w d x4'--,good5['s ,gram4 ,:5 ,i say1 ',g1 & say to ^? *ildr51 y mu/ come 91' y p]ceive t ! n\n *ildr5 is ( ! ?ird p]son1 b ! pron\n y is ( ! second2 yet y /&s = *ildr51--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #ed4 ,"h are diff]5t speak]s1 ) sep>ate spee*es2 & ^! critics are manife/ly deceiv$ by ! circum/ance4 ,x is n to be suppos$1 t ! n\ns repres5t$ by "o speak]'s pron\ns1 are to be f\nd or s\ght 9 :at an o!r speak] utt]s4 ,! pron\n ,i does n "h /& = ! n\n ,john :i* is ( ! ?ird p]son2 x is ,john's own ^w1 repres5t+ himself z ! speak]4 ,! mean+ is1 ,i myself1 ,john1 ( ! fir/ p]son1 w d x4 ,nor does y /& = *ildr5 z spok5 ( by ,+]soll2 b = *ildr5 ( ! second p]son1 utt]$ or impli$ 9 ! address ( 8 mess5g]3 z1 ,*ildr51 y mu/ come 94 #chj ,! propriety ( ?is con/ruction is que/ionable4 ,see ,obs4 #b;d on ,rule #ad?4 #cha ,among ! au?ors :o h committ$ ?is great fault1 are1 ,ald51 ,w4 ,all51 ,d4 ,c4 ,all51 ,c4 ,adams1 ! au?or ( ! ,briti% ,gramm>1 ,bu*anan1 ,coop]1 ,cutl]1 ,davis1 ,dilwor?1 ,felton1 ,fi%]1 ,f[l]1 ,frazee1 ,goldsbury1 ,hallock1 ,hull1 ,m',cullo*1 ,morley1 ,p9neo1 ,j4 ,putnam1 ,russell1 ,sanborn1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,sp5c]1 ,weld1 ,wells1 ,web/]1 & ,:ite4 ,y is plural1 :e!r x ref] to only "o individual1 or to m4--,dr4 ,crombie1 on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #bdj4 ,! ^w y1 ev5 :5 appli$ to "o p]son1 is plural1 & %\ld nev] he connect$ ) a s+ul> v]b4--,alex&]'s ,gram41 p4 #ec2 ,emmons's1 #bf4 ,y is ( ! ,plural ,numb]1 ev5 ?\gh us$ z ! ,"n ( a s+le ,p]son4--,w4 ,w>d's ,gram41 p4 #hh4 ,al?o' ! ,second ,p]son ,s+ul> 9 bo? ,times be m>k$ ) ?\1 to di/+ui% x f ! ,plural1 yet we1 out ( ,complaisance1 ?\gh we speak b to "o p>ticul> ,p]son1 use ! ,plural y1 & nev] ?\1 b :5 we address ourselves to ,almighty ,god1 or :5 we speak 9 an emphatical ,mann]1 or make a di/9ct & p>ticul> ,application to a ,p]son4--,briti% ,gram41 p4 #abf2 ,bu*anan's1 #cg4 ,b y1 ?o' appli$ to a s+le ,p]son1 requires a ,plural ,v]b1 ! same z ye2 z1 y love1 n y love/ or loves2 y 71 n y 0 or wa/4--,bu*anan's ,gram41 p4 #cg4 #chb ,mr4 ,murray's #f? ,rule is unnecess>y4--,l5nie's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ha2 ,bullions's1 p4 #ij4 ,! two rules ( :i* ,i speak1 con/itute ,murray's ,rule ,,vi2 ,alg]'s & ,bacon's ,rule ,,vi2 ,m]*ant's ,rule ,,ix2 ,+]soll's ,rule ,,xii2 ,kirkham's ,rules ,,xv & ,,xvi2 ,jaudon's ,,xxi & ,,xxii2 ,crombie's ,x & ,,xi2 ,nixon's ,obs4 #hf? & #hg?3 & are f\nd 9 ,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ajj2 ,*ur*ill's1 #acf2 ,adam's1 #bjc2 ,w4 ,all5's1 #aef2 ,blair's1 #ge2 & _m o!r books4 #chc ,?is rule1 9 all its p>ts1 is to be appli$ *iefly1 if n solely1 to su* relative clauses z are tak5 9 ! re/rictive s5se2 =1 9 ! resumptive s5se ( ! relative1 :o or :i* may be m prop] ?an t3 z1 ,abraham solemnly adjures 8 mo/ fai?ful s]vant1 :om he despat*es to ,*>ran on ?is matrimonial mission = 8 son1 to dis*>ge 8 mission ) all fidelity4--,milman's ,jews1 i1 #ba4 ,see ,etymology1 ,*ap4 #e?1 ,obs4 #bc;d1 #bd?1 c41 on ! ,classes ( ,pron\ns4 #chd ,murray imag9$ ?is s5t5ce to be bad ,engli%4 ,he v /rangely mi/ook ! pron\n he = ! object ( ! preposition )2 & accord+ly condemn$ ! text1 "u ! rule1 ,prepositions gov]n ! objective case4 ,s ( ! foll[+3 ,x is n ,i he is engag$ )4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 ,r4 #ag4 ,bett]3 ,x is n ,i t he is engag$ )4 ,"h is no violation ( ! =ego+ rule1 or ( any o!r2 & bo? s5t5ces1 ) ev5 ,murray's =m ( ! latt]1 are q z good z 8 propos$ sub/itutes3 ,x 0 n ) him1 t !y 7 s angry4--,murray's ,key1 p4 #ea4 ,x is n ) me he is engag$4--,ib4 ,9 ^! fanci$ corrections1 ! phrases ) him & ) me h a v awkw>d & que/ionable position3 x seems d\btful1 :e!r !y dep5d on 0 & is1 or on angry & engag$4 #che ,9 _! speculations on ! p]sonal pron\ns1 gramm>ians sometimes contrive1 by a sort ( ab/raction1 to r$uce all ! p]sons to ! ?ird2 t is1 ! au?or or speak] puts ,i1 n = himself 9 p>ticul>1 b = any "o :o utt]s ! ^w1 & ?\1 n = 8 p>ticul> he>] or read]1 b = any "o :o is address$2 &1 conceiv+ ( ^! z p]sons m]ely spok5 ( by himself1 he puts ! v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son1 & n 9 ! fir/ or second3 z1 ,i is ! speak]1 ?\ is ! he>]1 & he1 %e1 or x1 is ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (4 ,all d5ote qualities ( exi/5ce1 b su* qualities z make diff]5t impressions on ! m9d4 ,i is ! be+ ( consci\sness1 ?\ is ! be+ ( p]ception1 & he ( memory4--,boo?'s ,introd41 p4 #dd4 ,?is is su* syntax z ,i %\ld n *oose to imitate2 nor is x v prop] to say1 t ! ?ree p]sons 9 gramm> d5ote qualities ( exi/5ce4 ,b1 suppos+ ! phraseology to be correct1 x is no real exception to ! =ego+ rule ( concord2 = ,i & ?\ are "h made to be pron\ns ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,s 9 ! foll[+ example1 :i* ,i take to be bad ,engli%3 ,i1 or ! p]son :o speaks1 is ! fir/ p]son2 y1 is ! second2 he1 %e1 or x1 is ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4--,b>tlett's ,manual1 ,"p ii1 p4 #gj4 ,aga91 9 ! foll[+2 :i* is p]haps a little bett]3 ,! p]son ',i' is spok5 ( z act$ ^u4--,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,edition1 p4 #bi4 ,b !re is a manife/ absurdity 9 say+1 ) ?is le>n$ ,pr(essor ( ,languages1 t ! pron\ns ( ! diff]5t p]sons are ^? p]sons3 z1 ,i is ! fir/ p]son1 & d5otes ! speak]4 ,?\ is ! second1 & d5otes ! p]son spok5 to4--,ib41 p4 #bb4 #chf 7#a47 ,conc]n+ ! v]b ne$1 ,dr4 ,web/] has ! foll[+ note3 ,9 ! use ( ?is v]b !re is ano!r irregul>ity1 :i* is peculi>1 ! v]b be+ )\t a nom9ative1 express$ or impli$4 ',:]e( "h ne$s no acc\nt4'--,milt41 ,p4 ,l41 #d4 #bce4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( ! fact1 & !re ne$s none4 ,?is is an e/abli%$ use ( ne$4--,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #agh2 ,improv$ ,gram41 #abg2 ,gre5leaf's ,gram4 ,simp41 p4 #ch2 ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ecg4 ,e/abli%$ use8 ,to be sure1 x is an e/abli%$ use2 b ! le>n$ ,doctor's comm5t is a mo/ unconscionable blund]1--a p$antic violation ( a sure pr9ciple ( ,univ]sal ,gramm>1--a p]v]sion wor?y only ( ! v]ie/ ignoramus4 ,yet ,gre5leaf pr(itably publi%es x1 ) o!r plagi>isms1 = ,gramm> ,simplifi$6 ,n[ ! v]b ne$s1 l ! ,lat9 eget1 signify+ is necess>y1 is "h n active1 b neut]2 & has ! nom9ative set aft] x1 z any v]b mu/1 :5 ! adv]b !re or "h is be=e x4 ,! v]bs lack & want may h ! same con/ruction1 & c h no o!r1 :5 ! ^w !re1 & n a nom9ative1 prec$es !m2 z1 ,p]adv5ture !re %all lack five ( ! fifty righte\s4--,g541 xviii1 #bh4 ,!re is !re=e nei!r irregul>ity1 nor any ?+ peculi>1 9 ?us plac+ ! v]b & its nom9ative4 7#b47 ,yet h we o!r gramm>ians1 :o1 ) a/oni%+ facility1 h all[$ !mselves to be misl$1 & ^: books are n[ mislead+ ! s*ools1 9 reg>d to ?is v simple matt]4 ,?us ,wells3 ,! transitive v]bs ne$ & want1 are sometimes employ$ 9 a g5]al s5se1 )\t a nom9ative1 express$ or impli$4 ,examples3--',!re ne$$ a new disp5sation4'--,caleb ,cu%+4 ',!re ne$s no bett] picture4'--,irv+4 ',!re want$ n patrons to /& up4'--,sp>ks4 ',nor did !re want ,cornice1 or frieze4'--,milton4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ada3 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #aed4 ,9 my edition ( ,milton1 ! text is1 ,nor did !y want ,cornice or frieze4--,p4 ,l41 ,b4 i1 l4 #gae1 #gaf4 ,?is read+ makes want a transitive v]b1 b ! o!r makes x neut]1 ) ! nom9ative foll[+ x4 ,aga91 ?us ,weld3 ,a v]b 9 ! imp]ative mode1 & ! transitive v]bs ne$1 want1 & require1 sometimes appe> to be us$ indef9itely1 )\t a nom9ative2 z1 let !re be light2 ,!re requir$ ha/e 9 ! bus9ess2 ,!re ne$s no argum5t = prov+1 c4 ,!re want$ n m5 :o w\ld1 c4 ,! la/ expressions h an active =m ) a passive s5se1 & %\ld p]haps r be consid]$ elliptical ?an want+ a nom9ative2 z1 ha/e is requir$1 no argum5t is ne$$1 c4--,weld's ,engli% ,gramm> ,illu/rat$1 p4 #adc4 ,is !re any:]e1 9 pr9t1 vil] p$antry ?an ?is8 ,! only elliptical example1 ,let !re be light1--a k9d ( s5t5ce f :i* ! nom9ative is usually suppress$1--is "h absurdly repres5t$ z be+ full1 yet )\t a subject = its v]b2 :ile o!r examples1 :i* are full1 & 9 :i* ! nom9ative mu/ foll[ ! v]b1 because ! adv]b !re prec$es1 are fir/ d5i$ to h nom9atives1 & !n mo/ bungl+ly tortur$ ) false ellipses1 to prove t !y h !m6 7#c47 ,! idea ( a comm& :]e9 no p]son or ?+ is comm&$1 seems to h orig9at$ ) ,web/]1 by :om x has be5 taught1 s9ce #ahjg1 z foll[s3 ,9 "s cases1 ! imp]ative v]b is us$ )\t a def9ite nom9ative4--,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #ada2 ,imp4 ,gram41 #hf2 ,rudim5ts1 #fi4 ,see ! same words 9 ,frazee's ,gram41 p4 #acc4 ,wells has some?+ simil>3 ,a v]b 9 ! imp]ative is sometimes us$ absolutely1 hav+ no direct ref]5ce to any p>ticul> subject express$ or impli$2 z1 ',& ,god said1 ,let !re be light4'--,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ada4 ,b1 :5 ?is comm& 0 utt]$ to ! d>k waves ( primeval *aos1 x mu/ h meant1 ,d ye let light be !re4 ,:at else c\ld x mean8 ,!re may frequ5tly be difficulty 9 det]m9+ :at or :o is address$ by ! imp]ative let1 b !re seems to be m 9 affirm+ t x has no subject4 ,nutt+1 puzzl$ ) ?is ^w1 makes ! foll[+ dubi\s & unsatisfactory sugge/ion3 ,p]haps x may be1 9 _m cases1 equival5t to may2 or x may be t]m$ itself an imp]ative mode imp]sonal2 t is1 conta9+ a comm& or an entreaty address$ to no p>ticul> p]son4--,nutt+'s ,practical ,gram41 p4 #dg4 7#d47 ,^! sev]al errors1 ab\t ! ,imp]ative us$ ,absolutely1 ) no subject address$1 z 9 ,let !re be light1 & ! ,indicative v]bs ,,ne$ & ,,want1 employ$ )\t a nom9ative1 ei!r express$ or impli$1 are aga9 c>efully reit]at$ by ! le>n$ ,pr(essor ,f[l]1 9 8 great text-book ( philology 9 its ,elem5ts & ,=ms1--call$1 r extravagantly1 an ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,see1 9 8 edition ( #ahej1 #eig1 ,note #c & ,note #g2 also #ebj1 ,note #b4 ,wells's au?orities = ,imp]atives ,absolute1 are1 ,frazee1 ,all5 & ,cornwell1 ,nutt+1 ,lynde1 & ,*ap92 &1 ) ref]5ce to ,,ne$ & ,,want1 he says1 ,see ,web/]1 ,p]ley1 & ,+]soll4--,s*ool ,gram41 #ahej1 #bji4 7#e47 ,b1 9 obvi\s absurdity mo/ /rangely ov]look$ by ! writ]1 all ^! blund]]s are outdone by a lat] "o1 :o says3 ,ne$ & d>e are sometimes us$ 9 a g5]al s5se )\t a nom9ative3 z1 ',!re ne$$ no prophet to tell u t2' ',!re want$ no advocates to secure ! voice ( ! p4' ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to supply x1 z a nom9ative1 ?an admit an anomala4 ,sometimes1 :5 intransitive1 !y h ! plural =m ) a s+ul> n\n3 z1 ',he ne$ n fe>2' ',he d>e n hurt y4'--,rev4 ,h4 ,w4 ,bailey's ,e4 ,gram41 #ahed1 p4 #abh4 ,! la/ example--,he d>e--is bad ,engli%3 d>e %\ld be d>es4 ,he ne$ n fe>1 if admitt$ to be "r1 is ( ! pot5tial mood2 9 :i* no v]b is inflect$ 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,he1 too1 is n a n\n2 nor c x ev] rightly h a plural v]b4 ,to supply x1 z a nom9ative1 :]e ! v]b is decl>$ to be )\t a nom9ative1 & to make want$ an example ( d>e are blund]s precisely wor?y ( an au?or :o kn[s n h[ to spell anomaly6 #chg ,?is int]pretation1 & o!rs l x1 are giv5 n only by ,murray1 b by _m o!r gramm>ians1 "o ( :om at lea/ 0 e>li] ?an he4 ,see ,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p i1 p4 #abc2 ,+]soll's1 #aec2 ,guy's1 #ia2 ,alg]'s1 #gc2 ,m]*ant's1 #ajj2 ,picket's1 #baa2 ,fisk's1 #adf2 ,d4 ,adams's1 #ha2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #ahb4 #chh ,! same may be said ( ,dr4 ,web/]'s nom9ative s5t5ces2 ?ree f\r?s ( :i* are no?+ b phrases t include a nom9ative ) :i* ! foll[+ v]b agrees4 ,& :o does n "k1 t to call ! adjuncts ( any ?+ an ess5tial "p ( x1 is a flat absurdity8 ,an adjunct is some?+ add$ to ano!r1 b n ess5tially a "p ( x4--,web/]'s ,dict4 ,b1 says ! ,doctor1 ,attributes & o!r words (t5 make an ess5tial "p ( ! nom9ative2 z1 ',our ,,ideas ( et]nity ,,c ,,be no?+ b an inf9ite succession ( mom5ts ( duration4'--,,locke4 ',a wise ,,son ,,make? a glad fa!r2 b a fooli% ,,son ,,is ! heav9ess ( 8 "m4' ,ab/ract ! "n f its attribute1 & ! proposition _c always be true4 ',,he t ga!re? 9 summ] is a wise son4' ,take away ! description1 't ga!re? 9 summ]1' & ! affirmation ceases to be true1 or becomes inapplicable4 ,^! s5t5ces or clauses ?us con/itut+ ! subject ( an affirmation1 may be t]m$ nom9ative s5t5ces4--,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,?is tea*+ rem9ds me ( ! ,doctor's own exclamation3 ,:at /range "w has be5 made ) ,gramm>6--,ib41 p4 #id2 ,philos4 ,gram41 #ach4 ,9 ,nesbit's ,engli% ,p>s+1 a book design$ ma9ly = a ,key to ,murray's ,ex]cises 9 ,p>s+1 ! foll[+ example is ?us exp\nd$3 ,! smoo? /ream1 ! s]5e atmosph]e1 & ! mild zephyr1 are ! prop] emblems ( a g5tle temp]1 & a peaceful life4--,murray's ,ex]cises1 p4 #h4 ,! smoo? /ream1 ! s]5e atmosph]e1 ! mild zephyr1 is "p ( a s5t5ce1 :i* is ! nom9ative case to ! v]b 'are4' ,are is an irregul> v]b neut]1 9 ! indicative mood1 ! pres5t t5se1 ! ?ird p]son plural1 & agrees ) ! a=em5tion$ "p ( a s5t5ce1 z its nom9ative case4--,introduction to ,engli% ,p>s+1 p4 #acg4 ,on ?is pr9ciple ( analysis1 all ! rules t speak ( ! nom9atives or antec$5ts connect$ by conjunctions1 may be disp5s$ )1 z useless2 & ! doctr9e1 t a v]b :i* has a phrase or s5t5ce = its subject1 mu/ be s+ul>1 is palpably contradict$1 & suppos$ errone\s6 #chi ,no ,relative c become a ,nom9ative to a ,v]b4--,joseph ,w4 ,wright's ,philosophical ,gramm>1 p4 #afb4 ,a p]sonal pron\n becomes a nom9ative1 ?\gh a relative does n4--,ib41 p4 #aeb4 ,?is tea*] is criticis$ by ! o!r z foll[s3 ,wright says t ',p]sonal pron\ns may be 9 ! nom9ative case1' & t 'relative pron\ns c n be4 ,yet he decl9es 8 relatives ?us3 ',nom9ative case1 :o2 possessive1 ^:2 objective1 :om6--,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce's ,gramm>1 p4 #cca4 ,?is latt] au?or "h sees ! palpable inconsi/5cy ( ! =m]1 & accord+ly treats :o1 :i*1 :at1 :atev]1 c41 z relative pron\ns ( ! nom9ative case--or1 z he calls !m1 connective sub/itutes 9 ! subjective =m2 b :5 :at or :atev] prec$es its n\n1 or :5 z is pref]r$ to :o or :i*1 he ref]s bo? v]bs to ! n\n itself1 & adopts ! v pr9ciple by :i* ,cobbet & ,wright errone\sly p>se ! v]bs :i* belong to ! relatives1 :o1 :i*1 & t3 z1 ,:atev] man w adh]e to /rict pr9ciples ( hone/y1 w f9d 8 rew>d 9 himself4--,peirce's ,gram41 p4 #ee4 ,"h ,peirce consid]s :atev] to be a m]e adjective1 & man ! subject ( w adh]e & w f9d4 ,su* p]sons z write gramm>1 %\ld !mselves be gramm>ians4--,ib41 p4 #ccj4 ,"h he decl>es z to be no pron\n1 b a modify+ connective1 i4e41 conjunction2 & supposes p]sons to be ! direct subject ( write z well z ( %\ld be3 z if a conjunction c\ld connect a v]b & its nom9ative6 #cij ,dr4 ,la?am1 conceiv+ t1 ( words 9 apposition1 ! fir/ mu/ always be ! lead+ "o & control ! v]b1 gives to 8 example an o!r =m ?us3 ,y\r ma/]1 ,i1 comm&s y 7n comm&74--,ib4 ,b ?is ,i take to be bad ,engli%4 ,x is ! op9ion ( _m gramm>ians1 p]haps ( mo/1 t n\ns1 :i* are ord9>ily ( ! ?ird p]son1 may be *ang$ 9 p]son1 by be+ set 9 apposition ) a pron\n ( ! fir/ or second4 ,b ev5 if t]ms s us$ d n assimilate 9 p]son1 ! fir/ _c be subject$ to ! ?ird1 z above4 ,x mu/ h ! pref]5ce1 & ought to h ! fir/ place4 ,! foll[+ /udy-br$ example ( ! ,doctor's1 is also awkw>d & ungrammatical3 ,i1 y\r ma/]1 :o comm&s y to make ha/e1 am 9 a hurry4--,h&-,book1 p4 #ccd4 #cia ,pr(essor ,f[l] says1 ,"o :5 contra/$ ) o!r1 sometimes repres5ts plural n\ns2 z1 ',! reason :y ! "o are ord9>ily tak5 = real qualities1 & ! o!r = b>e p[]s1 seems to be4'--,,locke41 ,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #bdb4 ,?is doctr9e is1 ,i ?9k1 errone\s2 & ! example1 too1 is defective4 ,=1 if "o may be plural1 we h no di/9ctive def9ition or notion ( ei!r numb]4 ,"o & o!r are n "h to be reg>d$ z ! lead+ words 9 _! clauses2 !y are m]e adjectives1 ea* ref]r+ to ! collective n\n class or species1 und]/ood1 :i* %\ld h be5 express$ aft] ! =m]4 ,see ,etym41 ,obs4 #ai1 p4 #bgf4 #cib ,dr4 ,prie/ley says1 ,x is a rule1 ,i believe1 9 all gramm>s1 t :5 a v]b comes betwe5 two n\ns1 ei!r ( :i* may be und]/ood z ! subject ( ! affirmation1 t x may agree ) ei!r ( !m2 b "s reg>d mu/ be _h to t :i* is m naturally ! subject ( x1 z also to t :i* /&s next to ! v]b2 = if no reg>d be paid to ^! circum/ances1 ! con/ruction w be h>%3 z1 ,m9c$ pies 0 reg>d$ z a pr(ane & sup]/iti\s vi& by ! sect>ies4 ,hume's ,hi/4 ,a great cause ( ! l[ /ate ( indu/ry 7 ! re/ra9ts put ^u x4 ,ib4 ,by ?is t]m 0 und]/ood1 su* p]sons z inv5t$1 or drew up rules = !mselves & ! _w4--,engli% ,gram4 ) ,notes1 p4 #ahi4 ,! ,doctor evid5tly suppos$ all ^! examples to be bad ,engli%1 or at lea/ h>% 9 _! con/ruction4 ,& ! fir/ two unque/ionably are s2 :ile ! la/1 :e!r "r or wrong1 has no?+ at all to d ) 8 rule3 x has b "o nom9ative1 & t appe>s to be "p ( a def9ition1 & n ! true subject ( ! v]b4 ,nor1 inde$1 is ! fir/ any m relevant2 because ,hume's vi& _c possibly be tak5 z ! subject ( ! affirmation4 ,l9dley ,murray1 :o lit]ally copies ,prie/ley's note1 7all b ! fir/ l9e & ! la/17 rejects ^! two examples1 sub/itut+ = ! =m]1 ,8 meat 0 locu/s & wild honey1 & = ! latt]1 ,! wages ( s9 is dea?4 ,he v evid5tly supposes all ?ree ( 8 examples to be good ,engli%4 ,9 ?is1 accord+ to ,*ur*ill1 he is at fault 9 two in/ances out ( ! ?ree2 & /ill m s1 9 reg>d to ! note1 or rule1 itself4 ,9 /ead ( be+ a rule 9 all gramm>s1 x is 7s f> z ,i "k7 f\nd only 9 ^! au?ors1 & su* z h implicitly copi$ x f ,murray4 ,among ^! la/1 are ,alg]1 ,+]soll1 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?1 ,fisk1 & ,m]*ant4 ,*ur*ill1 :o cites x only z ,murray's1 & yet exp5ds two pages ( criticism ^u x1 v ju/ly says3 ,to make t ! nom9ative case1 or subject ( ! affirmation1 :i* happ5s to /& ne>e/ to ! v]b1 appe>s to me to be on a p> ) ! blund] po9t$ out 9 note #bjd?2 t is1 ( mak+ ! v]b agree ) an objective case :i* happ5s to /& ne>] to x1 ?an its subject1 or nom9ative4-- ,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #cac4 #cic ,if ! excell5ce ( ,dryd5's works 0 less5$ by 8 indig5ce1 _! numb] 0 increas$4--,dr4 ,johnson4 ,?is is an example ( ! prop] & necess>y use ( ! indicative mood aft] an if1 ! matt] ( ! condition be+ reg>d$ z a fact4 ,b ,dr4 ,web/]1 :o pref]s ! indicative too (t51 has ! foll[+ note ^u x3 ,if ,johnson _h foll[$ ! common gramm>s1 or ev5 8 own1 :i* is prefix$ to 8 ,diction>y1 he w\ld h writt5 7--',if ! excell5ce ( ,dryd5's works 7 less5$'--,=tunately ?is great man1 l$ by usage r ?an by books1 wrote correct ,engli%1 in/ead ( gramm>4-- ,philosophical ,gram41 p4 #bch4 ,n[ ?is is z absurd1 z x is *>act]i/ic ( ! gramm> f :i* x is tak54 ,ea* =m is "r sometimes1 & nei!r c be us$ = ! o!r1 )\t error4 #cid ,tak+ ?is allegation 9 "o s5se1 ! read] may see t ,kirkham 0 n altoge!r wrong "h2 & t1 _h he condemn$ ! solecisms adopt$ by himself & o!rs1 ab\t unity ( idea & plurality ( idea1 9 /ead ( condemn+ ! ?+s int5d$ to be spok5 (1 he might h made a discov]y :i* w\ld h set him :olly "r4 ,see a footnote on page #gch1 "u ! head ( ,absurdities4 #cie ,9 8 ,engli% ,read]1 7,"p ,,ii1 ,*ap4 #e?1 ,sec4 #g?17 ,murray has ?is l9e 9 its prop] =m1 z x "h /&s 9 ! words ( ,?omson2 b1 9 8 ,gramm>1 he corrupt$ x1 fir/ 9 8 ,ex]cises1 & !n /ill m 9 8 ,key4 ,among 8 examples ( ,false ,syntax x /&s ?us3 ,:at black despair1 :at horror1 fills 8 m9d6 --,ex]cises1 ,rule #b4 ,s ! error is propagat$ 9 ! "n ( ,le>n+1 & ?is v]se goes f gramm> to gramm>1 z "o t mu/ h a plural v]b4 ,see ,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bdb2 ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #abg2 ,fisk's ,gram41 p4 #abj2 ,weld's ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #ahi2 ,imp4 ,ed41 p4 #aif4 #cif ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 by reckon+ z a preposition1 p]v]ts ! con/ruction ( s5t5ces l ?is1 & ins]ts a wrong case aft] ! conjunction4 ,see ,cl>k's ,practical ,gramm>1 pp4 #ib & #agh2 also ?is ,syntax1 ,obs4 #f & ,obs4 #ah1 on ,conjunctions4 #cig ,murray gives u ! foll[+ text = false gramm>1 "u ! head ( ,/r5g?3 ,& ,elias ) ,moses appe>$ to !m4--,ex]cises1 #hvo1 p4 #ace4 ,?is he corrects ?us3 ,& !re appe>$ to !m ,elias ) ,moses4--,key1 #hvo1 p4 #bff4 ,he omits ! comma aft] ,elias1 :i* "s copies ( ! ,bible conta91 & o!rs d n4 ,:e!r he suppos$ ! v]b appe>$ to be s+ul> or plural1 ,i _c tell2 & he did n ext5d 8 quotation to ! pron\n !y1 :i* imm$iately foll[s1 & 9 :i* alone ! incongruity lies4 #cih ,?is ord] ( ! p]sons1 is n univ]sally ma9ta9$ 9 ^? languages4 ,! words ( ,m>y to h] son1 ,?y fa!r & ,i h s\ght !e sorr[+1 seem v prop]ly to give ! prec$5ce to h] husb&2 & ?is is _! arrangem5t 9 ,/4 ,luke's ,greek1 & 9 ! ,lat9 v]sions1 z well z 9 o!rs4 #cii ,! hackney$ example1 ,i & ,cic]o are well1--,ego et ,cic]o valemus--:i* makes su* a figure 9 ! gramm>s1 bo? ,lat9 & ,engli%1 & yet is ascrib$ to ,cic]o himself1 des]ves a ^w ( explanation4 ,cic]o ! orator1 hav+ ) him 8 "y son ,m>cus ,cic]o at ,a!ns1 :ile 8 belov$ daught] ,tullia 0 ) h] "m 9 ,italy1 ?us wrote to 8 wife1 ,t]5tia3 ,si tu1 et ,tullia1 lux no/ra1 valetix2 ego1 et suavissimus ,cic]o1 valemus4--,,epi/4 ,,ad ,,fam4 ,lib4 xiv1 ,ep4 v4 ,t is1 ,if ?\1 & ,tullia1 our joy1 are well2 ,i1 & ! sweet lad ,cic]o1 are likewise well4 ,?is lit]al translation is good ,engli%1 & n to be am5d$ by inv]sion2 = a fa!r is n expect$ to give prec$5ce to 8 *ild4 ,b1 :5 ,i 0 a boy1 ! text & v]sion ( ,dr4 ,adam puzzl$ me n a little2 because ,i c\ld n conceive h[ ,cic]o c\ld ev] h said1 ,i & ,cic]o are well4 ,! g>bl$ citation is n[ mu* (t5] read ?an ! orig9al4 ,see x 9 ,crombie's ,treatise1 p4 #bdc2 ,mc,culloch's ,gram41 p4 #aeh2 & o!rs4 #djj ,two s+ul>s connect$ by &1 :5 !y =m a "p ( su* a disjunction1 are /ill equival5t to a plural2 & are to be treat$ z su*1 9 ! syntax ( ! v]b4 ,h5ce ! foll[+ con/ruction appe>s to be inaccurate3 ,a s+le consonant or a mute & a liquid be=e an acc5t$ v[el1 is jo9$ to t v[el--,dr4 ,bullions1 ,lat4 ,gram4 p4 xi4 #dja ,murray ! s*oolma/] has x1 us$ to gov]n4--,engli% ,gram41 p4 #fd4 ,he puts ! v]b 9 a wrong t5se4 ,dr4 ,bullions has x1 usually gov]ns4--,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bjb4 ,?is is "r4--,g4 ,b4 #djb ,! two v]bs to sit & to set are 9 g5]al q diff]5t 9 _! mean+2 b ! passive v]b to be set sometimes comes pretty ne> to ! s5se ( ! =m]1 :i* is = ! mo/ "p neut]4 ,h5ce1 we n only f9d ! ,lat9 ^w s$eo1 to sit1 us$ 9 ! s5se ( be+ set1 z1 ,+5s co5a s$et1 ,a huge supp] is set1 ,juv41 #b1 #aai2 b1 9 ! sev5 texts above1 our translators h us$ is set1 0 set1 c41 ) ref]5ce to ! p]sonal po/ure ( sitt+4 ,?is1 9 ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,l[? & "s o!rs1 is errone\s4 ,set1 says ! ,doctor1 c be no "p ( ! v]b to sit4 ,if x belong to ! v]b to set1 ! translation 9 ^! passages is wrong4 ,= to set1 signifies to place1 b )\t any designation ( ! po/ure ( ! p]son plac$2 :i* is a circum/ance ( importance1 express$ by ! orig9al4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ec2 ,*ur*ill's1 #bfe4 ,^! g5tlem5 cite ?ree ( ^! sev5 examples1 & ref] to ! o!r f\r2 b !y d n tell u h[ !y w\ld am5d any ( !m--except t !y pref] sitt5 to sat1 va9ly endeav\r+ to re/ore an old p>ticiple :i* is c]ta9ly obsolete4 ,if any critic dislike my v]sion ( ! la/ two texts1 because ,i use ! pres5t t5se = :at 9 ! ,greek is ! fir/ aori/2 let him notice t ?is has be5 done 9 bo? by our translators1 & 9 "o by ^? ( ! ,vulgate4 ,9 ! prec$+ example1 too1 ! same aori/ is r5d]$1 am set1 & by ,beza1 s$eo2 ?\gh ,montanus & ! ,vulgate r5d] x lit]ally by s$i1 z ,i d by sat4 ,see ,key to ,false ,syntax1 ,rule ,,xvii1 ,note xii4 #djc ,nutt+1 ,i suppose1 did n imag9e ! ,greek article1 ,greek3 to1 !1 & ! ,engli% or ,saxon v]b d1 to be equival5t or k9dr$ words4 ,b !re is no kn[+ :at t]ms conjectural etymology may n contrive to id5tify1 or at lea/ to approximate & ally4 ,! +5i\s ,david ,boo?1 if he does n actually id5tify d1 ) ,greek3 to1 !1 has discov]$ synonymes sic--,,k? & cognates t are altoge!r z unapp>5t to common obs]v]s3 z1 ,x & !1 says he1 :5 ,g5d] is n att5d$ to1 are synonym\s4 ,ea* is expressive ( ,be+ 9 g5]al1 & :5 us$ ,v]bally1 signifies to br+ =?1 or to add to :at we already see4 ,!1 x1 &1 add1 at1 to1 & d1 are k9dr$ words4 ,!y m>k t an addition is made to "s collect$ mass ( exi/5ce4 ,to1 :i* lit]ally signifies add1 7l at & ! ,lat9 ad17 is m]ely a diff]5t pronunciation ( d4 ,x expresses ! junction ( an o!r ?+1 or circum/ance1 z appe>s m evid5tly f its v>i$ or?ography ( too4--,introd4 to ,analyt4 ,dict41 p4 #de4 ,horne ,tooke1 x seems1 c\ld n p]suade ?is au?or into 8 notion ( ! d]ivation & mean+ ( !1 x1 to1 or d4 ,b ,l9dley ,murray1 & 8 foll[]s1 h be5 m tractable4 ,!y 7 ready to be l$ )\t look+4 ,to1 say !y1 comes f ,saxon & ,go?ic words1 :i* signify action1 effect1 t]m9ation1 to act1 c4--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ahc2 ,fisk's1 #ib4 ,:at an admirable explanation is ?is6 & h[ prettily ! great ,compil] says on ! next leaf3 ,etymology1 :5 x is guid$ by judgm5t1 & :5 prop] limits are set to x1 c]ta9ly m]its great att5tion6--,ib41 p4 #ace4 ,accord+ to 8 own express rules = int]pret+ a sub/antive )\t any article to limit x & ! relative pron\n ) a comma be=e x1 he mu/ h meant1 t to comes f ,saxon & ,go?ic words ( e sort1 & t ! words ( ^! two languages signify action1 effect1 t]m9ation1 to act1 c4 ,! latt] ass]tion is true en\gh3 b1 conc]n+ ! =m]1 a man ( s5se may demur4 ,nor d ,i see h[ x is possible n to despise su* etymology1 be ! int]pretation ( ! words :at x may4 ,=1 if to means action or to act1 !n our little inf9itive phrase1 to be1 mu/ mean1 action be1 or to act be2 & :at is ?is1 b nons5se8 #djd ,s1 f ! foll[+ language ( ?ree mod]n au?ors1 "o _c b inf]1 t !y w\ld p>se ! v]b z gov]n$ by ! preposition2 b ,i d n p]ceive t !y any:]e expressly say s3 7#a47 ,! ,inf9itive is ! =m ( ! supplem5tal v]b t always has1 or admits1 ! preposition ,,to be=e x2 z1 to move4 ,its g5]al "* is to repres5t ! action 9 prospect1 or to d2 or 9 retrospect1 z to h done4 ,z a v]b1 x signifies to d ! action2 & z object ( ! preposition ,,to1 x /&s 9 ! place ( a n\n = ! do+ ( x4 ,! inf9itive v]b & its prefix to are us$ mu* l a preposition & its n\n object4--,fel*'s ,compreh5sive ,gram41 p4 #fb4 7#b47 ,! action or o!r signification ( a v]b may be express$ 9 its wide/ & mo/ g5]al s5se1 )\t any limitation by a p]son or ag5t1 b m]ely z ! end or purpose ( "s o!r action1 /ate ( be+1 quality1 or ?+2 x is1 f ?is want ( limitation1 said to be 9 ! ,inf9itive mode2 & is express$ by ! v]b ) ! preposition ,,to be=e x1 to d5ote ?is relation ( end or purpose2 z1 ',he came to see me2' ',! man is n fit die2' ',x 0 n "r = him to d ?us4'--,dr4 ,s4 ,webb]'s ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #ce4 7#c47 ,,rule #c4 ,a v]b 9 ! ,inf9itive ,mode1 is ! object ( ! preposition ,,to1 express$ or und]/ood4--,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #abg4 #dje ,rufus ,nutt+1 ,a4 ,m41 a gramm>ian ( "s skill1 supposes t 9 all su* s5t5ces !re 0 anci5tly an ellipsis1 n ( ! phrase 9 ord] to1 b ( ! preposition =4 ,he says1 ,consid]+ ?is mode z m]ely a v]bal n\n1 x might be obs]v$1 t ! inf9itive1 :5 x expresses ! object1 is gov]n$ by a transitive v]b2 &1 :5 x expresses ! f9al cause1 is gov]n$ by an intransitive v]b1 ,,or ,,anci5tly1 ,,by ,a ,,preposition ,,und]/ood4 ,( ! =m] k9d--'he le>ns to read4' ,( ! latt]--'he reads to le>n1' i4 e4 '= to le>n4'--,practical ,gram41 p4 #aja4 ,if = 0 anci5tly und]/ood 9 examples ( ?is sort1 x is und]/ood n[1 & to a /ill great] ext5t2 because we d n n[ ins]t ! ^w =1 z our ance/ors sometimes did2 & an ellipsis c no o!rwise gr[ obsolete1 ?an by a cont9ual use ( :at 0 once occasionally omitt$4 #djf 7#a47 ,la prposition1 e/ un mot indcl9able1 plac devant les noms1 les pronoms1 et les v]bes1 qu'elle rgit4--,! preposition is an indecl9able ^w plac$ be=e ! n\ns1 pron\ns1 & v]bs :i* x gov]ns4--,p]r9's ,gramm>1 p4 #aeb4 7#b47 ,e v]b plac$ imm$iately aft] an o!r v]b1 or aft] a preposition1 ought to be put 9 ! inf9itive2 because x is !n ! regim5 ( ! v]b or preposition :i* prec$es4--,see ,la ,grammaire des ,grammaires1 p> ,girault ,du ,vivi]1 p4 #ggd4 7#c47 ,! ,am]ican translator ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,g5]al ,gramm>1 by ! ,b>on ,de ,sacy1 is naturally l$1 9 giv+ a v]sion ( 8 au?or's me?od ( analysis1 to p>se ! ,engli% inf9itive mood ess5tially z ,i d2 call+ ! ^w to a preposition1 & ! expon5t1 or sign1 ( a relation betwe5 ! v]b :i* foll[s x1 & "s o!r ^w :i* is antec$5t to x4 ,?us1 9 ! phrase1 comm&+ !m to use 8 p[]1 he says1 t 'to' is ! ,expon5t ( a relation ^: ,antec$5t is 'comm&+1' & ^: ,consequ5t is 'use4'--,fosdick's ,de ,sacy1 p4 #aca4 ,9 %ort1 he exp\nds ! ^w to 9 ?is relation1 j z he does :5 x /&s be=e ! objective case4 ,= example1 9 ! phrase1 belong+ to him alone3 'to1' ,expon5t ( a relation ( :i* ! ,antec$5t is 'belong+1' & ! ,consequ5t1 'him alone4'--,ib41 p4 #abf4 ,my solution1 9 ei!r case1 diff]s f ?is 9 sc>cely any ?+ else ?an ! *oice ( words to express x4 7#d47 ,x appe>s t1 9 sundry dialects ( ! nor? ( ,europe1 ! preposition at has be5 pref]r$ = ! gov]n+ ( ! inf9itive3 ,! use ( at = to1 z ! sign ( ! inf9itive mode1 is ,norse1 n ,saxon4 ,x is ! regul> prefix 9 ,icel&ic1 ,dani%1 ,sw$i%1 & ,f]oic4 ,x is also f\nd 9 ! nor!rn dialects ( ! ,old ,engli%1 & 9 ! p>ticul> dialect ( ,we/morel& at ! pres5t day4--,f[l]1 on ! ,engli% ,language1 #hvo1 #ahej1 p4 #df4 #djg ,"h is a lit]al v]sion1 9 :i* two inf9itives are gov]n$ by ! preposition betwe52 & ?\gh su* a con/ruction is uncommon1 ,i "k n :y x %\ld be ?\ght less accurate 9 ! "o language ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,9 "s exceptive phrases1 also1 x seems n improp] to put ! inf9itive aft] "s o!r preposition ?an to2 z1 ,:at c %e d besides s+8--,:at has %e done1 except rock h]self8 ,b su* expressions1 if all[able1 are too unfrequ5t to be notic$ 9 any g5]al ,rule ( syntax4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 ! ^w ( pretty evid5tly gov]ns ! inf9itive3 ,intemp]ance *>act]izes our discussions1 t is calculat$ to embitt] 9 /ead ( conciliate4--,,c9c9nati ,,h]ald3 ,lib]ator1 ,no4 #ihf4 #djh ,?is doctr9e has be5 lately reviv$ 9 ,engli% by ,william ,b4 ,f[le1 :o quotes ,dr4 ,rees1 ,beauze1 ,h>ris1 ,tracy1 & ,crombie1 z 8 au?orities = x4 ,he is "r 9 suppos+ ! ,engli% inf9itive to be g5]ally gov]n$ by ! preposition to1 b wrong 9 call+ x a n\n1 or ! "n ( ! v]b1 except ?is phrase be us$ 9 ! s5se 9 :i* e v]b may be ! "n ( itself4 ,x is an error too1 to suppose ) ,beauze1 t ! inf9itive nev] 9 any language ref]s to a subject or nom9ative2 or1 z ,h>ris has x1 t inf9itives h no ref]5ce at all to p]sons or sub/ances4 ,see ,f[le's ,true ,engli% ,gram41 ,"p ii1 pp4 #gd & #ge4 ,= ?\gh ! inf9itive v]b nev] agrees ) a subject or nom9ative1 l a f9ite v]b1 x mo/ commonly has a v obvi\s ref]5ce to some?+ :i* is ! subject ( ! be+1 action1 or passion1 :i* x expresses2 & ?is ref]5ce is "o ( ! *ief po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! inf9itive & a n\n4 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e1 9 a rec5t gramm>1 absurdly p>ses inf9itives z n\ns1 & by ! common rules = n\ns1 ?\gh he beg9s ) call+ !m v]bs4 ,?us3 ,our honor is to be ma9ta9$4 ,to be ma9ta9$1 is a regul> passive ,,v]b1 inf9itive mode1 pres5t t5se1 & is us$ z a ,,n\n 9 ! relation ( pr$icate2 accord+ to ,rule ,,ii4 ,a n\n or pron\n us$ ) ! copula to =m ! pr$icate1 mu/ be 9 ! nom9ative case4--,gre5e's ,gram41 #ahdh4 p4 #ic4 7,see ! ,rule1 ib4 p4 #bi47 ,?is au?or admits1 ,! 'to' seems1 l ! preposition1 to p]=m ! (fice ( a connective3 b !n he +5i\sly imag9es1 ,! inf9itive diff]s f ! preposition & its object1 9 t ! 'to' is ! only preposition us$ ) ! v]b4 ,& s he concludes1 ,! two or m p>ts ( ! inf9itive are tak5 toge!r1 &1 ?us comb9$1 may become a ,,n\n 9 any relation4--,ib41 #a/ ,edition1 p4 #hg4 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e w also h ! inf9itive to make ! v]b be=e x transitive2 = he says1 ,! only =m ( phrase us$ z ! direct object ( a transitive v]b is ! inf9itive2 z1 ',we int5d 7,:at87 to leave t[n to-day3' ',!y tri$ 7,:at87 to conceal _! fe>s4'--,ib41 p4 #ii4 ,"o might z well f9d transitive v]bs 9 ^! equival5ts3 ,x is our purpose to leave t[n to-day4--,!y endeav\r$ to conceal _! fe>s4 ,or 9 ?is3--,!y blu/]$ to conceal _! fe>s4 #dji ,x is rem>kable t ! +5i\s ,j4 ,e4 ,worce/] c\ld disc]n no?+ ( ! import ( ?is p>ticle be=e a v]b4 ,he exp\nds x1 ) v little consi/5cy1 ?us3 ,t1 or ,to1 ad4 ,a p>ticle employ$ z ! usual sign or prefix ( ! inf9itive mood ( ! v]b2 & x might1 9 su* use1 be deem$ a syllable ( ! v]b4 ,x is us$ m]ely z a sign ( ! inf9itive1 )\t hav+ any di/9ct or sep>ate mean+3 z1 ',he loves to read4'--,univ4 & ,crit4 ,dict4 ,n[ is x n pla91 t ! action express$ by read is t t[>ds :i* ! affection signifi$ by loves is direct$8 ,x is only because we c use no o!r ^w 9 lieu ( ?is to1 t its mean+ is n readily se54 ,= call+ x a syllable ( ! v]b1 !re is1 ,i ?9k1 no reason or analogy :atev]4 ,!re is absurdity 9 call+ x ev5 a "p ( ! v]b4 #daj ,z !re is no po9t ( gramm> on :i* our philologi/s are m at v>iance1 s !re seems to be none on :i* !y are m at fault1 ?an 9 _! treatm5t ( ! inf9itive mood1 ) its usual sign1 or gov]n+ p>ticle1 to4 ,= ! in=mation ( ! read]1 ,i w\ld gladly cite e explanation n consonant ) my own1 & %[ :]e9 x is objectionable2 b s num]\s are ! =ms ( error "u ?is head1 t su* z _c be class$ toge!r1 or are n likely to be repeat$1 mu/ 9 g5]al be left to run _! c\rse1 exempt f any criticism ( m9e4 ,( ^! v>i\s =ms ( error1 h[ev]1 ,i may "h add an example or two4 7#a47 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! ^w to8 ,ans4 ,to means act4 ,,note4--,z our v]bs & n\ns are spell$ 9 ! same mann]1 x 0 =m]ly ?\ght be/ to prefix ! ^w ,,to1 to words :5 us$ z v]bs4 ,= !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,,n\n1 love2 & ! ,,v]b1 to love2 b :at is %[n by ! prefix ,,to1 :i* signifies act2 i4 e4 to act love4--,r4 ,w4 ,gre5e's ,inductive ,ex]cises 9 ,engli% ,gramm>1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahbi1 p4 #eb4 ,n[ all ?is1 positive z ! words are1 is n only fanciful1 b false1 utt]ly false4 ,to no m means act1 ?an f means act4 ,& if x did1 x c\ld n be a sign ( ! inf9itive1 or ( a v]b at all2 =1 act love1 is imp]ative1 & makes ! ^w love a n\n2 & s1 to act love1 7:]e love is also a n\n17 mu/ mean act act love1 :i* is tautological nons5se4 ,our n\ns & v]bs are n1 9 g5]al1 spell$ alike2 nor are ! latt]1 9 g5]al1 prec$$ by to2 nor c\ld a p>ticle :i* may gov]n ei!r1 h be5 specifically int5d$1 at fir/1 to m>k _! diff]5ce4 ,by "s1 z we h se51 x is argu$ f ! v sign1 t ! inf9itive is always ess5tially a n\n4 7#b47 ,! inf9itive mode is ! root or simple =m ( ! v]b1 us$ to express an action or /ate indef9itely2 z1 to he>1 to speak4 ,x is g5]ally di/+ui%$ by ! sign to4 ,:5 ! p>ticle to is employ$ 9 =m+ ! inf9itive1 x is to be reg>d$ z a "p ( ! v]b4 ,9 e o!r case x is a preposition4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #hj4 ,a ,preposition is a ^w :i* is us$ to express ! relation ( a n\n or pron\n dep5d+ ^u x1 to "s o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4--,ib41 pp4 #df & #ajh4 ,! passive =m ( a v]b is sometimes us$ 9 connection ) a preposition1 =m+ a comp\nd passive v]b4 ,examples3--',he 0 li/5$ to )\t a murmur4'--,a4 ,h4 ,,ev]ett4 ',nor is ?is ent]prise to be sc(f$ at4'--,,*ann+4--,ib41 p4 #adf4 ,a v]b 9 ! inf9itive usually relates to "s n\n or pron\n4 ,?us1 9 ! s5t5ce1 ',he desires to improve1' ! v]b to improve relates to ! pron\n he :ile x is gov]n$ by desires4--,ib41 p4 #aej4 ',! ag5t to a v]b 9 ! inf9itive mode mu/ be 9 ! objective case4'--,,nutt+4--,ib41 p4 #adh4 ,^! citations f ,wells1 ! la/ ( :i* he quotes approv+ly1 by way ( au?ority1 are 9 _m respects self-contradictory1 & 9 ne>ly all respects untrue4 ,h[ c ! inf9itive be only ! root or simple =m ( ! v]b1 & yet consi/ g5]ally ( two di/9ct words1 & (t5 ( ?ree1 f\r1 or five2 z1 to he>1--to h he>d1--to be li/5$ to1--to h be5 li/5$ to8 ,h[ c to be a preposition 9 ! phrase1 ,he 0 li/5$ to1 & n s at all 9 to be li/5$ to8 ,h[ does ! inf9itive express an action or /ate indef9itely1 if x usually relates to "s n\n or pron\n8 ,:y mu/ its ag5t be 9 ! objective case1 if to improve relates to ! pron\n he8 ,is to 9 e o!r case a preposition1 & n su* be=e a v]b or a p>ticiple8 ,mu/ e preposition gov]n "s n\n or pron\n8 ,& yet are !re "s prepositions :i* gov]n no?+1 prec$e no?+8 ,! door bang$ to beh9d him4--,,blackwell3 ,prose ,edda1 #b4 ,:at is to "h8 7#c47 ,! preposition ,,to be=e a v]b is ! sign ( ! ,inf9itive4--,weld's ,e4 ,gram41 #b;d ,ed41 p4 #gd4 ,! preposition is a "p ( spee* us$ to connect words1 & %[ _! relation4--,ib41 p4 #db4 ,! p]fect inf9itive is =m$ ( ! p]fect p>ticiple & ! auxili>y ,,h prec$$ by ! preposition ,,to4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,! inf9itive mode foll[s a v]b1 n\n1 or adjective4--,ib41 pp4 #ge & #aff4 ,a v]b 9 ! ,inf9itive may foll[3 #a4 ,v]bs or p>ticiples2 #b4 ,n\ns or pron\ns2 #c4 ,adjectives2 #d4 ,z or ?an2 #e4 ,adv]bs2 #f4 ,prepositions2 #g4 ,! ,inf9itive is (t5 us$ indep5d5tly2 #h4 ,! ,inf9itive mode is (t5 us$ 9 ! (fice ( a v]bal n\n1 z ! nom9ative case to ! v]b1 & z ! objective case aft] v]bs & prepositions4--,ib41 p4 #afg4 ,^! la/ two c\nts are absurdly includ$ among :at ! ,inf9itive may foll[2 & is x n r que]1 t ?is mood %\ld be f\nd to foll[ e ?+ else1 & n ! preposition ,,to1 :i* comes be=e x1 & by :i* x is prec$$8 ,?is au?or adopts also ! foll[+ absurd & ne$less rule3 ,! ,inf9itive mode has an objective case be=e x :5 ! ^w ,,t is omitt$3 z1 ,i believe ! sun to be ! c5tre ( ! sol> sy/em2 ,i "k him to be a man ( v]acity4--,ib41 p4 #afg2 ,abridg$ ,ed41 #abd4 7,see ,obs4 #aj? on ,rule #b;d1 above47 ,sun is "h gov]n$ by believe2 & him1 by "k2 & be1 9 bo? in/ances1 by ! preposition ,,to3 = ?is p>ticle is n only ! sign ( ! ,inf9itive1 b its gov]n+ ^w1 answ]+ well to ! def9ition ( a preposition above cit$ f ,weld4 #daa ,! inf9itive is sometimes gov]n$ by a preposition2 z1 ',! %ipm5 7 ab\t to flee4'--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #adi2 #c;d ,ed41 p4 #aeh4 ,wells has alt]$ ?is1 & = preposition put adv]b4--,ed4 ( #ahej1 p4 #afc4 #dab ,"s grammati/s1 be+ pr$et]m9$ t no preposition %all control ! inf9itive1 avoid ! conclusion by absurdly call+ ,,=1 a conjunction2 ,,ab\t1 an adv]b2 & ,,to--no matt] :at--b g5]ally1 no?+4 ,?us3 ,! conjunction ,,=1 is inelegantly us$ be=e v]bs 9 ! inf9itive mood2 z1 ',he came = to /udy ,lat94'--,gre5leaf's ,gram41 p4 #ch4 ,! inf9itive mood is sometimes gov]n$ by conjunctions or adv]bs2 z1 ',an object s high z to be invisible2' ',! army is ab\t to m>*4'--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #ahh4 ,?is is a note to t extra rule :i* ,kirkham proposes = our use1 if we reject ! idea ( gov]nm5t1 z appli$ to ! v]b 9 ?is mood6--,ib4 #dac ,aft] ! ^w f>e1 ,murray put a semicolon1 :i* %[s t he misund]/ood ! mood ( ! v]b he>4 ,x is n always necess>y to repeat ! p>ticle to1 :5 two or m inf9itives are connect$2 & ?is fact is an o!r good argum5t aga9/ call+ ! preposition to a "p ( ! v]b4 ,b 9 ?is example1 & "s o!rs "h exhibit$1 ! repetition is requisite4--,g4 ,b4 #dad ,! ,inf9itive ,mood is n conf9$ to a trunk or nom9ative1 & is always prec$$ by to1 express$ or impli$4--,s4 ,b>rett's ,gram41 #ahed1 p4 #dc4 #dae ,l9dley ,murray1 & sev]al ( 8 pret5d$ improv]s1 say1 ,! inf9itive sometimes foll[s ! ^w ,,z3 ?us1 ',an object s high z to be invisible4' ,! inf9itive occasionally foll[s ,,?an aft] a comp>ison2 z1 ',he desir$ no?+ m ?an to "k 8 own imp]fections4'--,murray's ,gram41 #hvo1 p4 #ahd2 ,fisk's1 #abe2 ,alg]'s1 #fc2 ,m]*ant's1 #ib4 ,see ?is second example 9 ,weld's ,gram41 p4 #afg2 ,abridg41 #abd4 ,m]*ant1 n reli%+ ! latt] example1 *anges x ?us3 ,i wi% no?+ m1 ?an to "k 8 fate4 ,he puts a comma aft] m1 & probably means1 ,i wi% no?+ else ?an to "k 8 fate4 ,s does ,fisk1 9 ! o!r v]sion3 & probably means1 ,he desir$ no?+ else ?an to "k 8 own imp]fections4 ,b ,murray1 ,alg]1 & ,weld1 accord 9 punctuation1 & _! mean+ seems r to be1 ,he desir$ no?+ m he>tily ?an he desir$ to "k 8 own imp]fections4 ,& s is ?is or a simil> text int]pret$ by bo? ,+]soll & ,weld1 :o suppose ?is inf9itive to be gov]n$ by ano!r v]b1 und]/ood3 z1 ',he desir$ no?+ m ?an to see 8 fri5ds2' t is1 '?an he desir$ to see1' c4--,+]soll's ,gram41 p4 #bdd2 ,weld's ,abridg$1 #abd4 ,b obvi\s z is ! ambiguity ( ?is fictiti\s example1 9 all its =ms1 n "o ( ^! five critics p]ceiv$ ! fault at all4 ,aga91 9 _! rem>k above cit$1 ,+]soll1 ,fisk1 & ,m]*ant1 put a comma be=e ! preposition aft]1 & ?us make ! phrase1 aft] a comp>ison1 describe ! place ( ! inf9itive4 ,b ,murray & ,alg] probably meant t ?is phrase %\ld d5ote ! place ( ! conjunction ?an4 ,! great ,compil] seems to me to h misus$ ! phrase a comp>ison1 =1 an adjective or adv]b ( ! comp>ative degree2 & ! re/1 ,i suppose1 h bl9dly copi$ him1 )\t ?9k+ or kn[+ :at he ought to h said1 or meant to say4 ,ei!r ?is1 or a worse error1 is "h app>5t4 ,five le>n$ gramm>ians sev]ally repres5t ei!r ?an or ! inf9itive1 z be+ ,,aft] a comp>ison2 ( :i* "o is ! copula1 & ! o!r b ! beg9n+ ( ! latt] t]m6 ,palpable z is ! absurdity1 no "o ( ! five p]ceives x6 ,&1 besides1 no "o ( !m says any ?+ ab\t ! gov]nm5t ( ?is inf9itive1 except ,+]soll1 & he supplies a v]b4 ,?an & z1 says ,gre5leaf1 sometimes appe> to gov]n ! inf9itive mood2 z1 ',no?+ makes a man suspect mu* m1 ?an to "k little2' ',an object s high z to be invisible4--,gram4 ,simp41 p4 #ch4 ,"h is an o!r fictiti\s & ambigu\s example1 9 :i* ! phrase1 to "k little1 is ! subject ( makes und]/ood4 ,nixon supposes ! inf9itive phrase aft] z to be always ! subject ( a f9ite v]b und]/ood aft] x2 z1 ,an object s high z to be invisible is or1 implies4 ,see ,engli% ,p>s]1 p4 #ajj4 #daf ,dr4 ,crombie1 aft] copy+ ! sub/ance ( ,campbell's second ,canon1 t1 ,9 d\btful cases analogy %\ld be reg>d$1 rem>ks3 ,= ! same reason1 'x ne$s' & 'he d>es1' are bett] ?an 'he ne$' & 'he d>e4'--,on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #cbf4 ,dr4 ,campbell's language is some:at /rong]3 ,9 ! v]bs to d>e & to ne$1 _m say1 9 ! ?ird p]son pres5t s+ul>1 d>e & ne$1 z 'he ne$ n g3 he d>e n d x4' ,o!rs say1 d>es & ne$s4 ,z ! fir/ usage is exce$+ly irregul>1 h>dly any ?+ less ?an uni=m practice c\ld au?orize x4--,philosophy ( ,rhet41 p4 #age4 ,d>e = d>es ,i suppose to be wrong2 b if ne$ is an auxili>y ( ! pot5tial mood1 to use x )\t inflection1 is nei!r irregul>1 nor at all inconsi/5t ) ! =ego+ canon4 ,b ! =m] critic notices ^! v]bs a second "t1 ?us3 ',he d>e n1' 'he ne$ n1' may be ju/ly pron\nc$ solecisms1 = 'he d>es1' 'he ne$s4'--,crombie1 on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #cgh4 ,he also says1 ,! v]bs bid1 d>e1 ne$1 make1 see1 he>1 feel1 let1 are n foll[$ by ! sign ( ! inf9itive4--,ib41 p4 #bgg4 ,& yet he writes ?us3 ,^! are tru?s1 ( :i*1 ,i am p]suad$1 ! au?or1 to :om ,i allude1 ne$s n to be rem9d$4--,ib41 p4 #abc4 ,s ,dr4 ,bullions decl>es aga9/ ne$ 9 ! s+ul>1 by putt+ d[n ! foll[+ example z bad ,engli%3 ,he ne$ n be 9 s mu* ha/e4--,bullions's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #acd4 ,yet he himself writes ?us3 ,a "n m appropriate ?an ! t]m neut]1 ne$ n be desir$4--,ib41 p4 #aif4 ,a s*ool-boy may see ! inconsi/5cy ( ?is4 #dag ,"s mod]n gramm>ians w h x1 t a p>ticiple gov]n$ by a preposition is a p>ticipial n\n2 & yet1 :5 !y come to p>se an adv]b or an objective foll[+1 _! n\n becomes a p>ticiple aga91 & n a n\n4 ,to all[ words ?us to dodge f "o class to an o!r1 is n only unphilosophical1 b ridicul\sly absurd4 ,among ^? :o ?us treat ?is con/ruction ( ! p>ticiple1 ! *ief1 ,i ?9k1 are ,butl]1 ,hurt1 ,weld1 ,wells1 & ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e4 #dah ,dr4 ,blair1 to :om ,murray ought to h ackn[l$g$ himself indebt$ = ?is s5t5ce1 introduc$ a n\n1 to :i*1 9 8 "w1 ?is inf9itive & ^! p>ticiples ref]3 ?us1 ,x is disagreeable = ! m9d to be left paus+ on a ^w :i* does n1 by itself1 produce any idea4--,blair's ,rhetoric1 p4 #aah4 ,see ,obs4 #aj? & #aa? on ,rule #ad?4 #dai ,! p]fect contra/ betwe5 f & to1 :5 ! =m] gov]ns ! p>ticiple & ! latt] ! inf9itive1 is an o!r pro( t ?is to is ! common preposition to4 ,= example1 ,^! are ! f\r spirits ( ! heav5s1 :i* g =? f /&+ be=e ! ,"l ( all ! e>?4--,ze*41 vi1 #e4 ,n[ if ?is 7 r5d]$ :i* g =? to /&1 c41 x is pla9 t ^! prepositions w\ld express q opposite relations4 ,yet1 probably f "s obscurity 9 ! orig9al1 ! ,greek v]sion has be5 made to mean1 go+ =? to /&2 & ! ,lat91 :i* g =?1 t !y may /&2 :ile ! ,fr5* text conveys ne>ly ! same s5se z ours1--:i* g =? f ! place :]e !y /ood4 #dbj ,_c1 ) a v]b ( avoid+1 or ) ! negative b1 is equival5t to mu/4 ,su* examples may !re=e be v>i$ ?us3 ,i _c b m5tion3 i4e41 ,i mu/ m5tion4--,i _c help exhort+ him to assume c\rage4--,knox4 ,t is1 ,i _c b exhort him4 #dba ,see ! same ?+ 9 ,kirkham's ,gram4 p4 #ahi2 9 ,+]soll's1 p4 #bjj2 9 ,smi?'s ,new ,gramm>1 p4 #afb2 & 9 o!r modifications & mutilations ( ,murray's "w4 ,kirkham1 9 an o!r place1 adopts ! doctr9e1 t1 ,p>ticiples frequ5tly gov]n n\ns & pron\ns 9 ! possessive case2 z1 ',9 case ( 8 maje/y's dy+ )\t issue1 c42 ,^u ,god's hav+ end$ all 8 works1 c42 ,i rememb] its be+ reckon$ a great exploit2 ,at my com+ 9 he said1 c4--,kirkham's ,gram41 p4 #aha4 ,none ( ^! examples are writt5 accord+ to my notion ( elegance1 or ( accuracy4 ,bett]3 ,9 case 8 ,maje/y die )\t issue4--,god hav+ end$ all 8 works4--,i rememb] x 0 reckon$ a great exploit4--,at my entrance1 he said1 c4 #dbb ,we h se5 t ,prie/ley's doctr9e1 z well z ,l[?'s1 is1 t :5 a p>ticiple is tak5 sub/antively1 x ought n to gov]n ano!r ^w2 &1 = ! same reason1 x ought n to h an adv]b relat+ to x4 ,b _m ( our mod]n gramm>ians disreg>d ^! pr9ciples1 & d n re/rict _! p>ticipial n\ns to ! con/ruction ( n\ns1 9 ei!r ( ^! respects4 ,= example3 ,because "o may say1 ,to read sup]ficially1 is useless1 ,b>n>d supposes x "r to say1 ,read+ sup]ficially is useless4 ,b ! p>ticiple1 says he1 w also take ! adjective2 z1 ',sup]ficial read+ is useless4'--,analytic ,gram41 p4 #bab4 ,9 my op9ion1 ?is la/ con/ruction ought to be pref]r$2 & ! second1 :i* is bo? irregul> & unnecess>y1 reject$4 ,aga91 ?is au?or says3 ,we h laid x d[n z a rule1 t ! possessive case belongs1 l an adjective1 to a n\n4 ,:at %all be said ( ! foll[+8 ',s9ce ! days ( ,samson1 !re has be5 no in/ance ( a man's accompli%+ a task s /up5d\s4' ,! entire clause foll[+ man's1 is tak5 z a n\n4 ',( a man's success 9 a task s /up5d\s4' w\ld pres5t no difficulty4 ,a "p ( a s5t5ce1 or ev5 a s+le p>ticiple1 ?us (t5 /&s = a n\n4 ',my go+ w dep5d on my fa!r's giv+ 8 cons5t1' or 'on my fa!r's cons5t+4' ,a p>ticiple ?us us$ z a n\n1 may be call$ a ,,p>ticipial ,,n\n4--,ib41 p4 #aca4 ,i dislike ?is doctr9e also4 ,9 ! fir/ example1 man may well be made ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se2 &1 z su*1 x mu/ be 9 ! objective case2 ?us3 ,!re has be5 no in/ance ( a man accompli%+ a task s /up5d\s4 ,x is also prop] to say4 ,my go+ w dep5d on my fa!r's cons5t+1 or1 on my fa!r's cons5t4 ,b an action possess$ by ! ag5t1 ought n to be transitive4 ,if1 !re=e1 y make ?is ! lead+ idea1 ins]t (3 ?us1 ,!re has be5 no in/ance ( a man's accompli%+ ( a task s /up5d\s4 ,my go+ w dep5d on my fa!r's giv+ ( 8 cons5t4--,my bro!r's acquir+ ( ! ,fr5* language w be a useful prep>ation = 8 travels4--,b>n>d's ,gram41 p4 #bbg4 ,if p>ticipial n\ns reta9 ! p[] ( p>ticiples1 :y is x wrong to say1 ,a sup]ficial read+ books is useless8 ,aga91 ,b>n>d approves ( ! "q1 ,:at d y ?9k ( my horse's runn+ to-day8 & adds1 ,betwe5 ?is =m ( expression & ! foll[+1 ',:at d y ?9k ( my horse runn+ to-day8' x is sometimes said1 t we %\ld make a di/9ction2 because ! =m] implies t ! horse _h actually run1 & ! latt]1 t x is 9 contemplation to h him d s4 ,! diff]5ce ( mean+ c]ta9ly exi/s2 b x w\ld seem m judici\s to treat ! latt] z an improp] mode ( speak+4 ,:at c be m unc\? ?an to say1 ',:at d y ?9k ( me go+ to ,niag>a8' ,we %\ld say my go+1 not)/&+ ! ambiguity4 ,we ought1 !re=e1 to introduce some?+ explanatory2 z1 ',:at d y ?9k ( ! propriety ( my go+ to ,niag>a8--,analytic ,gram41 p4 #bbg4 ,! propriety ( a pa/ action is z prop] a subject ( rem>k z t ( a future "o2 ! explanatory phrase "h introduc$ has !re=e no?+ to d ) ,prie/ley's di/9ction1 or ) ! alleg$ ambiguity4 ,nor does ! unc\?ness ( an objective pron\n ) ! lead+ ^w 9 s5se improp]ly tak5 z an adjunct1 prove t a p>ticiple may prop]ly take to itself a possessive adjunct1 & /ill reta9 ! active nature ( a p>ticiple4 #dbc ,! foll[+ is an example1 b x is n v intelligible1 nor w\ld x be at all am5d$1 if ! pron\n 7 put 9 ! possessive case3 ,i sympa?ize ) my sable bre?r51 :5 ,i he> ( !m be+ sp>$ ev5 "o la% ( ! c>t-:ip4--,,rev4 ,,dr4 ,,?ompson3 ,g>rison1 on ,colonization1 p4 #hj4 ,& ?is is an o!r1 9 :i* ! possessive pron\n w\ld n be bett]3 ,b1 if ! slaves wi%1 to return to slav]y1 let !m d s2 n an abolitioni/ w turn out to /op !m go+ back4--,antislav]y ,report]1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #bbc4 ,yet x might be m accurate to say--to /op !m f go+ back4 ,9 ! foll[+ example f ! p5 ( ,prie/ley1 ! objective is correctly us$ ) z1 :]e "s w\ld be apt to adopt ! possessive3 ,x gives u an idea ( him1 z be+ ! only p]son to :om x c be appli$4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aea4 ,is n ?is bett] ,engli% ?an to say1 ( 8 be+ ! only p]son8 ,! foll[+ is f ! p5 ( a good s*ol>3 ,?is made me rememb] ! disc\rse we _h toge!r1 at my h\se1 ab\t me draw+ con/itutions1 n z proposals1 b z if fix$ to ! h&4--,,william ,,p5n3 ,lett] to ,alg]non ,sidney1 ,oct4 #ac?1 #afha4 ,"h1 if me is objectionable1 my )\t ( w\ld be no less s4 ,x might be bett] gramm> to say1 ab\t my draw+ ( con/itutions4 #dbd ,sometimes ! passive =m is adopt$1 :5 !re is no real ne$ ( x1 & :5 p]haps ! active w\ld be bett]1 because x is simpl]2 z1 ,^? portions ( ! gramm> are wor? ! tr\ble ( be+ committ$ to memory4--,dr4 ,b>r['s ,essays1 p4 #aji4 ,bett]1 p]haps3--wor? ! tr\ble ( committ+ to memory3 or1--wor? ! tr\ble committ+ !m to memory4 ,aga93 ,:at is wor? be+ utt]$ at all1 is wor? be+ spok5 9 a prop] mann]4--,kirkham's ,elocution1 p4 #fh4 ,bett]1 p]haps3 ,:at is wor? utt]+ at all1 is wor? utt]+ 9 a prop] mann]4--,g4 ,br[n4 #dbe ,,rule4--,:5 ! p>ticiple expresses some?+ ( :i* ! n\n foll[+ is ! ,,do]1 x %\ld h ! article & preposition2 z1 ',x 0 said 9 ! he>+ ( ! witness4' ,:5 x expresses some?+ ( :i* ! n\n foll[+ is n ! do]1 b ! ,,object1 bo? %\ld be omitt$2 z1 ',! c\rt sp5t "s "t 9 he>+ ! witness4'--,,bullions1 ,pr94 ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ajh2 ,analyt4 & ,pract4 ,gram41 #aha4 #dbf ,?is doctr9e is f> f be+ true4 ,see ,obs4 #ab?1 9 ?is s]ies1 above4--,g4 ,b4 #dbg ,dr4 ,web/] consid]s ! use ( !n & above z ,,adn\ns1 i4 e41 adjectives1 to be 'well au?oriz$ & v conv5i5t2' z1 ! !n m9i/ry2 ! above rem>ks4--,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #ajh4 ,dr4 ,web/]'s rem>k is 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,!n & above are (t5 us$ z ,,attributes3 i4 e41 adjectives2 z1 ! !n m9i/ry2 ! above rem>ks2 nor w\ld ,i prescribe ?is use4 ,x is well au?oriz$ & v conv5i5t4--,philos4 ,gram41 p4 #bde2 ,improv$ ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,( ?is use ( !n1 ,dr4 ,crombie has express$ a v diff]5t op9ion3 ,"h !n1 says he1 ! adv]b equival5t to at t "t1 is soleci/ically employ$ z an adjective1 agree+ ) m9i/ry4 ,?is error seems to ga9 gr\nd2 x %\ld !re=e be vigilantly oppos$1 & c>efully avoid$4--,on ,etym4 & ,synt41 p4 #dje4 #dbh ,w4 ,all5 supposes1 ,an adv]b sometimes qualifies a :ole s5t5ce3 z1 ,un=tunately = ! lov]s ( antiquity1 no rema9s ( ,grecian pa9t+s h be5 pres]v$4--,elem5ts ( ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #agc4 ,b ?is example may be resolv$ ?us3 ,x happ5s un=tunately = ! lov]s ( antiquity1 t no rema9s ( ,grecian pa9t+s h be5 pres]v$4 #dbi ,?is ass]tion ( ,*ur*ill's is v f> f ! tru?4 ,i am confid5t t ! latt] con/ruction occurs1 ev5 among reputable au?ors1 t5 times z (t5 z ! =m] c be f\nd 9 any ,engli% books4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #dcj ,%\ld n ! ,doctor h said1 are !re m1 s9ce m ?an "o mu/ ne$s be plural8 ,see ,obs4 #aj? on ,rule #ag?4 #dca ,?is degree ( tru? is impossible1 & !re=e n ju/ly supposable4 ,we h also a late ,am]ican gramm>ian :o gives a simil> int]pretation3 ',?\gh nev] s ju/ly des]v+ ( x4' ,comb]4 ,nev] is "h an emphatic adv]b2 z if x 7 said1 s ju/ly z 0 nev]4 ,?\gh well au?oriz$1 x is disapprov$ by mo/ gramm>ians ( ! pres5t day2 & ! ^w ev] is us$ in/ead ( nev]4--,fel*'s ,comp4 ,gram41 p4 #ajg4 ,! text "h cit$ is n necess>ily bad ,engli% z x /&s2 b1 if ! comm5t] has n mi/ak5 its mean+1 z well z its con/ruction1 x ought c]ta9ly to be1 ,?\gh ev]so ju/ly des]v+ ( x4--,s ju/ly z 0 nev]1 is a positive degree t is n imag9able2 & :at is ?is b an absurdity8 #dcb ,s9ce ?is rem>k 0 writt51 ,i h read an o!r gramm>1 7t ( ! ,rev4 ,*>les ,adams17 9 :i* ! au?or sets d[n among ! m frequ5t improprieties committ$1 9 conv]sation1 ',ary "o' = ei!r1 & 'n>y "o' = nei!r4--,adams's ,sy/em ( ,gram41 p4 #aaf4 ,eli ,gilb]t too betrays ! same ignorance4 ,among 8 ,improp] ,pronunciations he puts d[n ,n>y & ,ary & = ,corrections ( !m1 gives nei!r & ei!r4--,gilb]t's ,cate*etical ,gram41 p4 #abh4 ,b ^! latt] t]ms1 ei!r & nei!r1 are applicable only to "o ( two ?+s1 & _c be us$ :]e _m are spok5 (2 z1 ,/eal+ h] s\l ) _m v[s ( fai?1 ,& ne'er a true "o4--,%akspe>e4 ,:at s5se w\ld !re be 9 exp\nd+ ?is to mean1 ,& nei!r a true "o8 ,s "s m5 bo? write & int]pret _! "m tongue errone\sly ?r\gh ignorance4 ,b ^! au?ors condemn ! errors :i* !y "h falsely suppose to be common4 ,:at is yet m /range1 no less a critic ?an ,pr(4 ,william ,c4 ,f[l]1 has lately exhibit$1 )\t disapprobation1 "o ( ^! lit]>y blund]s1 ) sundry localisms1 7(t5 desc5d+ to slang17 :i*1 he says1 are m5tion$ by ,mr4 ,b>tlett1 9 8 valuable diction>y ,diction>y ( ,am]icanisms4 ,! brief example1 :i* may d\btless be und]/ood to speak = bo? phrases & bo? au?ors1 is ?is3 ,,ary ei!r4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahej1 p4 #ib4 #dcc ,! conjunction t1 at ! head ( a s5t5ce or clause1 enables u to assume ! :ole preposition z "o ?+2 z1 ,all argum5ts :atev] are direct$ to prove "o or o!r ( ^! ?ree ?+s3 t some?+ is true2 t x is morally "r or fit2 or t x is pr(itable & good4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #cah4 ,"h ea* t may be p>s$ z connect+ its own clause to ! fir/ clause 9 ! s5t5ce2 or1 to ! ^w ?+s ) :i* ! ?ree clauses are 9 a sort ( apposition4 ,if we conceive x to h no su* connect+ p[]1 we mu/ make ?is too an exception4 #dcd ,note4 ,!n & ?an are di/9ct ,p>ticles1 b use ha? made ! us+ ( !n = ?an aft] a ,comp>ative ,degree at lea/ passable4 ,see ,butl]'s ,eng4 ,gram4 ,index4--,walk]'s ,eng4 ,p>ticles1 ,t5? ,ed41 #afia1 p4 #ccc4 #dce ,:5 ! relative :o foll[s ! preposition ?an1 x mu/ be us$ z 9 ! accusative case4--,bucke's ,gram41 p4 #ic4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley seems to h imag9$ ! ^w ?an to be always a preposition2 = he cont5ds aga9/ ! common doctr9e & practice respect+ ! case aft] x3 ,x is1 likewise1 said1 t ! nom9ative case ought to foll[ ! preposition ?an2 because ! v]b to be is und]/ood aft] x2 ,z1 ,y are tall] ?an he1 & n tall] ?an him2 because at full l5g?1 x w\ld be1 ,y are tall] ?an he is2 b s9ce x is all[$1 t ! oblique case %\ld foll[ prepositions2 & s9ce ! comp>ative degree ( an adjective1 & ! p>ticle ?an h1 c]ta9ly1 betwe5 !m1 ! =ce ( a preposition1 express+ ! relation ( "o ^w to ano!r1 !y ought to require ! oblique case ( ! pron\n foll[+4--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #aje4 ,if ?an 7 a preposition1 ?is reason+ w\ld c]ta9ly be "r2 b ! ,doctor begs ! "q1 by assum+ t x is a preposition4 ,william ,w>d1 an o!r not$ gramm>ian ( ! same age1 supposes t1 ,,me sapi5tior es1 may be translat$1 ,?\ art wis] ,,?an ,,me4 ,he also1 9 ! same place1 av]s1 t1 ,! be/ ,engli% ,writ]s h consid]$ ?an z a ,sign ( an oblique ,case2 z1 ',%e suff]s m ,,?an ,,me4' ,swift1 i4e4 m ?an ,i suff]4 ',?\ art a ,girl z mu* bright] ,,?an ,,h]1 ,z he 0 a ,poet sublim] ,,?an ,,me4' ,prior4 i4e4 ,?\ art a ,girl z mu* bright] ?an %e 01 z he 0 a ,poet sublim] ?an ,i am4--,w>d's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #aab4 ,^! examples ( ! objective case aft] ?an1 7 ju/ly reg>d$ by ,l[? z bad ,engli%4 ,! con/ruction1 h[ev]1 has a mod]n advocate 9 ,s4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 :o w h ! conjunctions z1 b1 save1 sav+1 & ?an1 z well z ! adjectives l1 unlike1 ne>1 next1 nigh1 & opposite1 to be prepositions4 ,aft] a ,comp>ative ! ,preposition ?an is commonly us$4 ,example--,gramm> is m int]e/+ ?an all my o!r /udies4--,cl>k's ,practical ,gram41 p4 #agh4 ,z1 l1 ?an1 c41 indicate a relation ( comp>ison4 ,example ',?\ ha/ be5 wis] all ! :ile ?an me4' ,s\!y's ,lett]s4--,ib41 p4 #if4 ,"h correct usage und\bt$ly requires ,i1 & n me4 ,su* at lea/ is my op9ion4 #dcf ,9 respect to ! case1 ! phrase ?an :o is simil> to ?an he1 ?an !y1 c41 z has be5 obs]v$ by _m gramm>ians2 b1 s9ce ?an is a conjunction1 & :o or :om is a relative1 x is d\btful :e!r x c be /rictly prop] to set two su* connectives toge!r1 be ! case ( ! latt] :i* x may4 ,see ,note #e?1 9 ! pres5t *apt]1 bel[4 #dcg ,aft] else or o!r1 ! preposition besides is sometimes us$2 &1 :5 x recalls an idea previ\sly sugge/$1 x appe>s to be z good z ?an1 or bett]3 z1 ,o!r words1 besides ! prec$+1 may beg9 ) capitals4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i4 p4 #bhe4 ,or p]haps ?is preposition may be prop]1 :5ev] else or o!r d5otes :at is additional to ! object ( contra/1 & n exclusive ( x2 z1 ,:5 we speak ( any o!r quantity besides b>e numb]s4--,tooke's ,div]sions1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #bae4 ,because he _h no o!r fa!r besides ,god4--,milton1 on ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #aji4 ,?\gh we sometimes express an addition by m ?an1 ! foll[+ example appe>s to me to be bad ,engli%1 & its int]pretation /ill worse3 ',! secret 0 communicat$ to m m5 ?an him4' ,t is1 7:5 ! ellipsis is duly suppli$17 ',! secret 0 communicat$ to m p]sons ?an to him4'--,murray's ,key1 #abmo1 p4 #fa2 8 ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bae2 ,+]soll's ,gram41 #beb4 ,say r1--to o!r m5 besides him4 ,nor1 aga91 does ! foll[+ con/ruction appe> to be "r3 ,n[ %ew me ano!r ,popi% rhyme/] b he4--,,d5nis3 ,notes to ! ,dunciad1 ,b4 ii1 l4 #bfh4 ,say r1 ,n[ %[ me an o!r popi% rhyme/] besides him4 ,or ?us3 ,n[ %[ me any popi% rhyme/] except him4 ,?is too is que/ionable3 ,n[ pa9 mu/ "h be int5d$ to signify some?+ else besides w>n+4--,wayl&'s ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #aba4 ,if w>n+ 0 "h int5d$ to be includ$ ) some?+ else1 ! expression is "r2 if n1 besides %\ld be ?an4 ,aga93 ,!re is seldom any o!r c>d9al 9 ,pol& b him4--,life ( ,*>les ,,xii4 ,"h b him %\ld be ei!r besides him1 or ?an he2 = b nev] rightly gov]ns ! objective case1 nor is x prop] aft] o!r4 ,_m m examples1 besides ! =ego+1 might h be5 adduc$4--,nesbit's ,engli% ,p>s+1 p4 xv4 ,"h1 9 fact1 no comp>ison is express$2 & !re=e x is que/ionable1 :e!r ! ^w m is all[ably us$4 ,l else & o!r1 :5 con/ru$ ) besides1 x signifies additional2 &1 z ?is idea is impli$ 9 besides1 any "o ( ^! adjectives go+ be=e is really pleona/ic4 ,9 ! s5se above notic$1 ! ^w beside is sometimes writt5 9 /ead ( besides1 ?\gh n v (t52 z1 ,!re are o!r ?+s :i* pass 9 ! m9d ( man1 beside ideas4--,%]idan's ,elocution1 p4 #acf4 #dch ,a few ( ! examples "u ?is head might be correct$ equally well by "s prec$+ note ( a m specific "*2 = a g5]al note aga9/ ! improp] omission ( prepositions1 ( c\rse includes ^? pr9ciples ( gramm> by :i* any p>ticul> prepositions are to be ins]t$4 ,s ! examples ( error :i* 7 giv5 9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,etymology1 might ne>ly all ( !m h be5 plac$ "u ! fir/ note 9 ?is t5? *apt] ( ,syntax4 ,b x 0 ?\ght be/ to illu/rate e "p ( ?is volume1 by "s examples ( false gramm>1 out ( ! inf9ite numb] & v>iety ) :i* our lit]ature ab\nds4 #dci ,! ,rev4 ,joab ,goldsmi? ,coop]1 ,a4 ,m41 0 ! au?or ( two ,engli% gramm>s1 z well z ( :at he call$ ,a ,new & ,improv$ ,lat9 ,gramm>1 ) ,an ,edition ( ! ,works ( ,virgil1 c41 all publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia4 ,8 fir/ gramm>1 dat$ #ahbh1 is entitl$1 ,an ,abridgm5t ( ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm>1 & ,ex]cises4 ,b x is no m an abridgem5t ( ,murray's "w1 ?an ( m9e2 he hav+ *os5 to /eal f ! text ( my ,in/itutes1 or supply matt] ( 8 own1 ab\t z (t5 z to copy ,murray4 ,8 second is ! ,lat9 ,gramm>4 ,8 ?ird1 :i* is entitl$1 ,a ,pla9 & ,practical ,engli% ,gramm>1 & dat$ #ahca1 is a book v diff]5t f ! fir/1 b equally inaccurate & wor?less4 ,9 ?is book1 ! syntax ( int]jections /&s ?us3 ,,rule #ba4 ,! int]jections ,o1 oh & ah are foll[$ by ! objective case ( a n\n or pron\n1 z3 ',o me6 ah me6 oh me6' ,9 ! second p]son1 !y are a m>k or sign ( an address1 made to a p]son or ?+1 z3 ,o ?\ p]secutor6 ,oh1 ye hypocrites6 ,o virtue1 h[ amiable ?\ art6--,page #aeg4 ,! inaccuracy ( all ?is c sc>cely be exce$$4 #ddj ,oh is us$ to express ! emotion ( pa91 sorr[1 or surprise4 ,o is us$ to express wi%+1 exclamation1 or a direct address to a p]son4--,l5nie's ,gram41 #ab? ,ed41 p4 #aaj4 ,( ?is di/9ction our gramm>ians 9 g5]al seem to h no conception2 &1 9 fact1 x is s (t5 disreg>d$ by o!r au?ors1 t ! propriety ( x may be disput$4 ,s9ce ,o & oh are pron\nc$ alike1 or v ne>ly s1 if !re is no diff]5ce 9 _! application1 !y are only diff]5t modes ( writ+ ! same ^w1 & "o or ! o!r ( !m is useless4 ,if !re is a real diff]5ce1 z ,i suppose !re is1 x ought to be bett] obs]v$2 & ,o me6 & oh ye6 :i* ,i believe are f\nd only 9 gramm>s1 %\ld be reg>d$ z bad ,engli%4 ,bo? ,o & oh1 z well z ah1 7 us$ 9 ,lat9 by ,t]5ce1 :o 0 reckon$ an elegant writ]2 & 8 mann] ( apply+ !m fav\rs ?is di/9ction3 & s d our own diction>ies1 ?\gh ,johnson & ,walk] d n draw x cle>ly1 = oh is z mu* an exclamation z ,o4 ,9 ! works ( ,virgil1 ,ovid1 & ,horace1 we f9d ,o or o us$ frequ5tly1 b n[h]e oh4 ,yet ?is is no evid5ce ( _! sam5ess1 or ( ! uselessness ( ! latt]2 b r ( _! diff]5ce1 & ( ! impropriety ( conf\nd+ !m4 ,o1 oh1 ho1 & ah1 are ,fr5* words z well z ,engli%4 ,boy]1 9 8 ,qu>to ,diction>y1 conf\nds !m all2 translat+ ,o6 only by ,oh6 ,,oh6 ou ,,ho6 by ,ho6 ,oh6 & ,,ah6 by ,oh6 alas6 well-a-day6 ough6 ,a6 ah6 hah6 ho6 ,he w\ld h done bett] to h made ea* "o expla9 itself2 & especially1 n to h set d[n ough6 & ,a6 z ,engli% words :i* correspond to ! ,fr5* ah6 #dda ,?is sil5ce is suffici5tly acc\nt$ = by ,murray's2 ( ^: "w1 mo/ ( ! au?ors :o h any su* rule1 are ei!r piddl+ modifi]s or s]vile copyi/s4 ,& ,murray's sil5ce on ^! matt]s1 is 9 "p attributable to ! fact1 t :5 he wrote 8 rem>k1 8 sy/em ( gramm> d5i$ t n\ns h any fir/ p]son1 or any objective case4 ,( c\rse he suppos$ t all n\ns t 7 utt]$ aft] int]jections1 :e!r !y 7 ( ! second p]son or ( ! ?ird1 7 9 ! nom9ative case2 = he gave to n\ns two cases only1 ! nom9ative & ! possessive4 ,& :5 he aft]w>ds admitt$ ! objective case ( n\ns1 he did n alt] 8 rem>k1 b left all 8 pupils ignorant ( ! case ( any n\n t is us$ 9 exclamation or invocation4 ,9 8 doctr9e ( two cases1 he foll[$ ,dr4 ,a%3 f :om also he copi$ ! rule :i* ,i am criticis+3 ,! ,int]jections1 ,o1 ,oh1 & ,ah1 require ! accusative case ( a pron\n 9 ! fir/ ,p]son3 z1 ,o me1 ,oh me1 ,ah me3 ,b ! ,nom9ative 9 ! second3 z1 ,o ?\1 ,o ye4--,a%'s ,gram41 p4 #fj4 ,or p]haps he _h ,bicknell's book1 :i* 0 lat]3 ,! int]jections ,o1 oh1 & ah1 require ! accusative case ( a pron\n 9 ! fir/ p]son aft] !m2 z1 ,o1 me6 ,oh1 me6 ,ah1 me6 ,b ! nom9ative case 9 ! second p]son2 z1 ,o1 ?\ t rule/6 ,o1 ye rul]s ( ?is l&6--,! ,grammatical ,wrea?1 ,"p ,i1 p4 #aje4 #ddb ,see #b ,sam41 xix1 #d2 also xviii1 #cc4 ,peirce has _m times misquot$ ?is text1 or "s "p ( x2 &1 :at is rem>kable1 he n[h]e agrees ei!r ) himself or ) ! ,bible6 ,o6 ,absalom6 my son6--,gram41 p4 #bhc4 ,o ,absalom6 my son1 my son6 w\ld to ,god ,i _h di$ = !e4--,ib41 p4 #cjd4 ,p9neo also misquotes & p]v]ts a "p ( x1 ?us3 ,oh1 ,absalom6 my son--,prim>y ,gram41 ,revis$ ,ed41 p4 #eg4 #ddc ,( ?is example1 ,pr(essor ,bullions says1 ,?is w be all[$ to be a correct ,engli% s5t5ce1 complete 9 itself1 & requir+ no?+ to be suppli$4 ,! phrase1 'be+ an exp]t danc]1' is ! subject ( ! v]b 'does entitle2' b ! ^w 'danc]' 9 t phrase is nei!r ! subject ( any v]b1 nor is gov]n$ by any ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4--,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #eb4 ,x is because ?is ^w _c h any regul> con/ruction aft] ! p>ticiple :5 ! possessive case prec$es1 t ,i d5y 8 fir/ proposition1 & decl>e ! s5t5ce n to be correct ,engli%4 ,b ! ,pr(essor at l5g? reasons himself into ! notion1 t ?is indet]m9ate pr$icate1 z he errone\sly calls x1 is prop]ly 9 ! objective case1 & 9 p>s+1 may correctly be call$ ! objective indef9ite2 ( :i* case1 he says1 ,! foll[+ are also examples3 ',he _h ! hon\r ( be+ a director = life4' ',by be+ a dilig5t /ud5t1 he soon acquir$ em95ce 9 8 pr(ession4'--,ib41 p4 #hc4 ,b director & /ud5t are "h manife/ly 9 ! nom9ative case3 ea* agree+ ) ! pron\n he1 :i* d5otes ! same p]son4 ,9 ! latt] s5t5ce1 !re is a v obvi\s transposition ( ! fir/ five words4 #ddd ,faulty z ?is example is1 ,dr4 ,blair says ( x3 ,no?+ c be m elegant1 or m f9ely turn$1 ?an ?is s5t5ce4 ,x is neat1 cle>1 & musical4 ,we c\ld h>dly alt] "o ^w1 or dis>range "o memb]1 )\t spoil+ x4 ,few s5t5ces are to be f\nd1 m f9i%$1 or m happy4--,lecture ,,xx1 p4 #bja4 ,see ! six corrections sugge/$ 9 my ,key1 & judge :e!r or n !y spoil ! s5t5ce4--,g4 ,b4 #dde ,?is ,note1 z well z all ! o!rs1 w by-&-by be amply illu/rat$ by citations f au?ors ( suffici5t repute to give x "s value z a grammatical pr9ciple3 b "o _c hope su* language z is1 9 reality1 incorrigibly bad1 w always appe> s to ! g5]ality ( read]s4 ,ta/es1 habits1 pr9ciples1 judgem5ts1 diff]2 &1 :]e confid5ce is ga9$1 _m utt]ances are well receiv$1 t are nei!r well consid]$ nor well und]/ood4 ,:5 a pr(ess$ critic utt]s :at is incorrect beyond am5dm5t1 ! fault is ! m notewor?y1 z 8 pr(essions are l\d]1 or 8 /&+ is m em95t4 ,9 a rec5t preface1 delib]ately compos$ = a v compreh5sive "w on ,engli% ,gramm>1 & design$ to allure bo? "y & old to a ?or\gh & ext5sive acqua9tance ) _! "m tongue1--9 ! /udi$ preface ( a le>n$ writ]1 :o has aim$ to furni% n only a text-book = ! high] in/itutions1 b also a ref]5ce-book = tea*]s1 :i* may give bread? & exactness to _! views1--,i f9d a p>agraph ( :i* ! foll[+ is a "p3 ,unless m51 at lea/ occasionally1 be/[ _! att5tion ^u ! sci5ce & ! laws ( ! language1 !y are 9 "s dang]1 amid ! excitem5ts ( pr(essional life1 ( los+ ! delicacy ( _! ta/e & giv+ sanction to vulg>isms1 or to :at is worse4 ,on ?is po9t1 li/5 to ! rec5t decl>ations ( two lead+ m5 9 ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 bo? ( :om und]/& ! use ( ! ,engli% language 9 its p[]3 ',9 tru?1 ,i mu/ say t1 9 my op9ion1 ! v]nacul> tongue ( ! c\ntry has become greatly vitiat$1 deprav$1 & corrupt$ by ! /yle ( our ,congressional debates4' ,& ! o!r1 9 c\rte\s response rem>k$1 ',!re is su* a ?+ z an ,engli% & a p>liam5t>y vocabul>y1 & ,i h nev] he>d a worse1 :5 circum/ances call$ x out1 on ?is side ( ,bill+sgate6'--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo4 #ahej1 ,pref41 p4 iv4 ,n[ ( ^! two lead+ m51 ! =m] 0 ,daniel ,web/]1 :o1 9 a s5atorial spee*1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahej1 made su* a rem>k conc]n+ ! /yle ( oratory us$ 9 ,congress4 ,b :o repli$1 or :at idea ! c\rte\s response1 z "h giv51 c be said to convey1 ,i d n "k4 ,! language seems to me bo? un9telligible & soleci/ical2 &1 !re=e1 b a fair sample ( ! ,incorrigible4 ,"s intellig5t p]sons1 :om ,i h ask$ to int]pret x1 ?9k1 z ,web/] _h accus$ our ,congress ( corrupt+ ! ,engli% language1 ! respond5t meant to accuse ! ,briti% ,p>liam5t ( do+ ! same ?+ 9 a great] degree1--( desc5d+ yet l[] into ! vil5ess ( slang4 ,b ?is is h>dly a probable conjecture4 ,web/] might be "r 9 ackn[l$g+ a v deprav+ abuse ( ! tongue 9 ! two ,h\ses ( ,congress2 b c\ld x be c\rte\s1 or prop]1 = ! answ]] to jump ! ,atlantic1 & p\nce ^u ! ,engli% ,lords & ,commons1 z a set ( worse corrupt]s8 ,! g5tleman beg9s ) say+1 ,!re is su* a ?+--z if he meant to describe "s "o ?+2 & proce$s ) say+1 z an ,engli% & a p>liam5t>y vocabul>y1 9 :i* phrase1 by repeat+ ! article1 he speaks ( two ?+s--two vocabul>ies2 !n goes on1 & ,i h nev] he>d a worse6 ,a worse :at8 ,does he mean a worse vocabul>y8 ,if s1 :at s5se has vocabul>y8 ,&1 aga91 a worse ?an :at8 ,:]e & :at is ?is ?+ :i* is s bad t ! lead+ ,s5ator has nev] he>d a worse8 ,is x "s vocabul>y bo? ,engli% & p>liam5t>y8 ,if s1 ^:8 ,if n1 :at else is x8 ,le/ ! wisdom ( ?is oracul\s decl>ation be lo/ to ! public ?r\gh ! defects ( its syntax1--& le/ m ?an "o rhetorical critic seem h]eby 9 "s dang] ( giv+ sanction to nons5se1--x may be well = ,pr(essor ,f[l]1 9 8 next edition1 to pres5t "s elucidation ( ?is %ort b rem>kable passage1 :i* he values s highly6 ,an o!r example1 9 sev]al respects /ill m rem>kable1--a %ort] "o1 into :i* an equally successful pr(essor ( gramm> has cond5s$ a mu* great] numb] & v>iety ( faults1--is se5 9 ! foll[+ citation3 ,! v]b is s call$1 because x means ^w2 & z !re c be no s5t5ce )\t x1 x is call$1 emphatically1 ! ^w4--,p9neo's ,analytical ,gram41 p4 #ad4 ,?is s5t5ce1 9 :i*1 p]haps1 mo/ read]s w discov] no error1 has 9 fact faults ( s _m diff]5t k9ds1 t a critic mu/ pause to det]m9e "u :i* ( m ?an half a doz5 diff]5t heads ( false syntax x might mo/ fitly be pres5t$ = correction or criticism4 7#a47 ,x might be set d[n "u my ,note #e? to ,rule #aj?2 =1 9 "o or two in/ances out ( ! ?ree1 if n 9 all1 ! pron\n x gives n ! same idea z its antec$5t4 ,! faults com+ "u ?is head might be obviat$ by ?ree *anges1 made ?us3 ,! v]b is s call$1 because v]b means ^w2 &1 z !re c be no s5t5ce )\t a v]b1 ?is "p ( spee* is call$1 emphatically1 ! ^w4 ,cobbett wisely says1 ,nev] put an x ^u pap] )\t ?9k+ well ( :at y are ab\t4--,e4 ,gram41 #aif4 ,b 7#b47 ! errone\s text1 & ?is p>tial correction ( x too1 might be put "u my ,critical ,note #e?1 among ,falsities2 =1 9 ei!r =m1 ea* memb] affirms :at is manife/ly untrue4 ,! t]m ^w has _m mean+s2 b no usage ev] makes x1 emphatically or o!rwise1 a "n = "o ( ! classes call$ p>ts ( spee*2 nor is !re n[adays any curr5t usage 9 :i* v]b means ^w4 7#c47 ,?is text might be put "u ,critical ,note #f?1 among ,absurdities2 = :oev] w read x1 z 9 fairness he %\ld1 tak+ ! pron\n x 9 ! exact s5se ( its antec$5t ! v]b1 w see t ! import ( ea* "p is absurd--! :ole1 a two-fold absurdity4 7#d47 ,x might be put "u ,critical ,note #g?1 among ,self-,contradictions2 =1 to tea* at once t ! v]b is s call$1 & is call$1 emphatically1 o!rwise1--namely1 ! ^w1--is1 to contradict "o's self4 7#e47 ,x might be set d[n "u ,critical ,note #i?1 among examples ( ,words ,ne$less2 = ! au?or's "q is1 ,:y is ! v]b s call$8 & ?is may be mu* bett] answ]$ 9 few] words1 ?us3 ,,! ,,v]b is s call$1 because 9 ,fr5* x is call$ le v]be & 9 ,lat91 v]bum1 :i* means ^w4 7#f47 ,x might be put "u ,critical ,note #aj?1 z an example ( ,improp] ,omissions2 = x may be greatly bett]$ by ! addition ( "s words1 ?us3 ,! v]b is s call$1 because 9 ,fr5* x is call$ le v]be1 & 9 ,lat91 v]bum1 :i* means ^w3 z !re c be no s5t5ce )\t a v]b1 ?is mo/ important "p ( spee* is call$1 emphatically1 ! v]b1--q4d41 ! ^w4 7#g47 ,x might be put "u ,critical ,note #aa?1 among ,lit]>y ,blund]s2 = !re is at lea/ "o blund] 9 ea* ( its memb]s4 7#h47 ,x might be set d[n "u ,critical ,note #ac?1 z an example ( ,awkw>dness2 = x is b clumsy "w1 to tea* gramm> aft] ?is sort4 7#i47 ,x might be giv5 "u ,critical ,note #af?1 z a sample ( ! ,incorrigible2 = x is sc>cely possible to elim9ate all its defects & reta9 its ess5tials4 ,^! in/ances may suffice to %[1 t ev5 gross errors ( gramm> may lurk :]e !y are lea/ to be expect$1 9 ! didactic phraseology ( pr(ess$ ma/]s ( /yle or oratory1 & may ab\nd :]e common read]s or ! g5]ality ( he>]s w discov] no?+ amiss4 #ddf ,z a m]e ass]tion1 ?is example is "h suffici5tly correct$2 b1 z a def9ition1 7= :i* ! au?or probably int5d$ x17 x is defici5t2 & consequ5tly1 9 t s5se1 is /ill inaccurate4 ,i w\ld also obs]ve t mo/ ( ! subsequ5t examples "u ! pres5t head1 conta9 o!r errors ?an t = :i* !y are "h introduc$2 &1 ( "s ( !m1 ! faults are1 9 my op9ion1 v _m3 = example1 ! sev]al def9itions ( an adv]b1 cit$ bel[4 ,l9dley ,murray's def9ition ( ?is "p ( spee* is n ins]t$ among ^!1 because ,i _h else:]e criticis$ t4 ,s too ( 8 faulty def9ition ( a conjunction4 ,see ! ,introduction1 ,*ap4 ,x4 p>agraphs #bf & #bh4 ,see also ,corrections 9 ! ,key1 "u ,note #aj? to ,rule #a/4 #ddg ,9 8 explanation ( ,ellipsis1 ,l9dley ,murray cont9ually calls x ! ellipsis1 & speaks ( x z some?+ t is us$1--made use (1--appli$1--conta9$ 9 ! examples2 :i* expressions1 ref]r+1 z !y !re d1 to ! m]e abs5ce ( some?+1 appe> to me soleci/ical4 ,! notion too1 :i* ?is au?or & o!rs h ent]ta9$ ( ! figure itself1 is 9 _m respects errone\s2 & ne>ly all _! examples = its illu/ration are ei!r que/ionable z to su* an application1 or obvi\sly inappropriate4 ,! abs5ce ( :at is ne$less or unsugge/$1 is no ellipsis1 ?\gh "s grave m5 h n disc]n$ ?is obvi\s fact4 ,! n9e solecisms "h quot$ conc]n+ ! ellipsis1 are all f\nd 9 _m o!r gramm>s4 ,see ,fisk's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #add2 ,guy's1 #ia2 ,+]soll's1 #aec2 ,j4 ,m4 ,putnam's1 #acg2 ,r4 ,c4 ,smi?'s1 #ahj2 ,weld's1 #aij4 #ddh ,"s ( ^! examples d1 9 fact1 conta9 m ?an two errors2 = mi/akes 9 punctuation1 or 9 ! use ( capitals1 are n "h reckon$4 ,?is rem>k may also he applicable to "s ( ! o!r lessons4 ,! read] may likewise p]ceive1 t :]e two1 ?ree1 or m improprieties occur 9 "o s5t5ce1 "s "o or m ( !m may happ5 to be su*1 z he c1 if he *oose1 correct by "s rule or note belong+ to a previ\s *apt]4 ,great lab\r has be5 be/[$ on ! selection & arrangem5t ( ^! syntactical ex]cises2 b to give to s great a v>iety ( lit]>y faults1 a di/ribution p]fectly di/9ct1 & p]fectly adapt$ to all ! heads assum$ 9 ?is dige/1 is a "w n only ( great lab\r1 b ( great difficulty4 ,i h come z ne> to ^! two po9ts ( p]fection 9 ! arrangem5t1 z ,i well c\ld4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ddi ,9 ,murray's six? *apt] ( ,punctuation1 f :i* ?is example1 & elev5 o!rs t foll[ x1 are tak51 !re is sc>cely a s+le s5t5ce t does n conta9 _m errors2 & yet ! :ole is lit]ally copi$ 9 ,+]soll's ,gramm>1 p4 #bic2 9 ,fisk's1 p4 #aei2 9 ,abel ,fl9t's1 #aaf2 & probably 9 "s o!rs4 ,i h n always be5 c>eful to subjo9 ! great numb] ( ref]5ces :i* might be giv5 = blund]s select$ f ?is hackney$ lit]ature ( ! s*ools4 ,= corrections1 or improvem5ts1 see ! ,key4 #dej ,?is example1 or ,l4 ,murray's mis]able modification ( x1 trac$ ?r\gh ! gramm>s ( ,ald51 ,alg]1 ,bullions1 ,comly1 ,coop]1 ,fl9t1 ,hiley1 ,+]soll1 ,jaudon1 ,m]*ant1 ,russell1 ,smi?1 & o!rs1 w be f\nd to h a doz5 diff]5t =ms--all ( !m no less faulty ?an ! orig9al--all ( !m obscure1 untrue1 inconsi/5t1 & almo/ incorrigible4 ,x is pla91 t a comma1 or "o comma1 _c divide m ?an two simple memb]s2 & ^!1 surely1 _c be connect$ by m ?an "o relative1 or by m ?an "o comp>ative2 if x be all[able to call ?an1 z1 or s1 by ?is que/ionable "n4 ,( ! multitude ( errors into :i* ^! pret5d$ critics h s bl9dly fall51 ,i %all h space & "t to po9t out only a v small "p3 ?is text1 too ju/ly1 may be tak5 z a pretty fair sample ( _! s*ol>%ip6 #dea ,! idea :i* is "h spok5 (1 ,dr4 ,blair discov]s 9 a passage ( ,addison's ,spectator4 ,x is1 9 fact1 z "h br\ght out by ! critic1 a bald & d[nright absurdity4 ,dr4 ,campbell has criticis$1 "u ! "n ( m>vell\s nons5se1 a diff]5t display ( ! same idea1 cit$ f ,de ,piles's ,pr9ciples ( ,pa9t+4 ,! passage ends ?us3 ,9 ?is s5se x may be ass]t$1 t 9 ,rub5s' pieces1 ,art is above ,nature1 & ,nature only a copy ( t great ma/]'s works4 ,( ?is ! critic says3 ,:5 ! expression is /ript ( ! absurd mean+1 !re rema9s no?+ b bald]da%4--,philosophy ( ,rhet41 p1 #bgh4 #deb ,all 8 rules = ! comma1 ,fisk appe>s to h tak5 unju/ly f ,gre5leaf4 ,x is a d\ble %ame1 = a gramm>ian to /eal :at is s badly writt56--,g4 ,,br[n4 #dec ,bad def9itions may h o!r faults ?an to include or exclude :at !y %\ld n1 b ?is is _! great & peculi> vice4 ,= example3 ,p]son is t prop]ty ( n\ns & pron\ns :i* di/+ui%es ! speak]1 ! p]son or ?+ address$1 & ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #ea2 #aac? ,ed41 p4 #eg4 ,see ne>ly ! same words1 9 ,weld's ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #fg2 & 9 8 ,abridgem5t1 p4 #di4 ,! ?ree p]sons ( v]bs are all improp]ly exclud$ f ?is def9ition2 :i* absurdly takes p]son to be "o prop]ty t has all ! effect ( all ! p]sons2 s t ea* p]son1 9 its turn1 s9ce ea* _c h all ?is effect1 is se5 to be exclud$ also3 t is1 x is n su* a prop]ty z is describ$6 ,aga93 ,an intransitive v]b is a v]b :i* does n h a n\n or pron\n = its object4--,wells1 #a/ ,ed41 p4 #gf4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,johnson1 does n h1 is n a s*ol>ly phrase2 b ! adoption ( a pu]ile expression is a trifl+ fault1 comp>$ ) t ( includ+ "h all passive v]bs1 & "s transitives1 :i* ! au?or meant to exclude2 to say no?+ ( ! inconsi/5cy ( exclud+ "h ! two classes ( v]bs :i* he absurdly calls intransitive1 ?\gh he f9ds !m foll[$ by objectives dep5d+ ^u !m6--,id41 p4 #ade4 ,weld imitates ^! errors too1 on pp4 #gj & #aec4 #ded ,s4 ,r4 ,hall ?9ks x necess>y to recognize f\r di/9ctions ( ! di/9ction occasion$ by sex4 ,9 g5]al1 ! o!r au?ors "h quot$1 suppose t we h only ?ree di/9ctions ( ! di/9ction ( sex4 ,&1 z no philosoph] has yet discov]$ m ?an two sexes1 "s h !nce /\tly argu$1 t x is absurd to speak ( m ?an two g5d]s4 ,lily makes x out1 t 9 ,lat9 !re are sev53 yet1 ) no great consi/5cy1 he w h a g5d] to be a or ! di/9ction ( sex4 ,,g5us e/ sexus discretio4 ,et sunt g5]a num]o septem4--,lilii ,gram41 p4 #aj4 ,t is1 ,,g5d] is ! di/9ction ( sex4 ,& ! g5d]s are sev5 9 numb]4 ,ruddiman says1 ,,g5us e/1 discrim5 nom9is secundum sexum1 vel ejus 9 /ructur grammatic imitatio4 ,g5]a nom9um sunt tria4--,ruddimanni ,gram41 p4 #d4 ,t is1 ,,g5d] is ! div]sity ( ! n\n accord+ to sex1 or x is ! imitation ( x 9 grammatical /ructure4 ,! g5d]s ( n\ns are ?ree4 ,^! old def9itions are no bett] ?an ! new] ones cit$ above4 ,all ( !m are mis]able failures1 full ( faults & absurdities4 ,bo? ! nature & ! cause ( _! defects are 9 "s degree expla9$ ne> ! close ( ! t5? *apt] ( my ,introduction4 ,_! mo/ prom95t errors are ^!3 #a4 ,!y all assume1 t g5d]1 tak5 z "o ?+1 is 9 fact two1 ?ree1 or m1 g5d]s1 #b4 ,ne>ly all ( !m seem to say or imply1 t words diff] f "o an o!r 9 sex1 l animals4 #c4 ,_m ( !m expressly conf9e g5d]1 or ! g5d]s1 to n\ns only4 #d4 ,_m ( !m confess$ly exclude ! neut] g5d]1 ?\gh _! au?ors aft]w>ds admit ?is g5d]4 #e4 ,t ( ,dr4 ,web/] supposes1 t words diff]+ 9 g5d] nev] h ! same t]m9ation4 ,! absurdity ( ?is may be %[n by a multitude ( examples3 z1 man & woman1 male & female1 fa!r & "m1 bro!r & si/]4 ,?is is bett]1 b /ill n free f "s o!r faults :i* ,i h m5tion$4 ,= ! correction ( all ?is great bat* ( errors1 ,i %all simply sub/itute 9 ! ,key "o %ort def9ition1 :i* appe>s to me to be exempt f ea* ( ^! inaccuracies4 #dee ,walk] /ates ?is diff]5tly1 & ev5 repeats 8 rem>k1 ?us3 ,b y prec$$ by a v[el is nev] *ang$3 z coy1 coyly1 gay1 gayly4--,walk]'s ,rhym+ ,dict41 p4x4 ,y prec$$ by a v[el is nev] *ang$1 z boy1 boys1 ,i cloy1 he cloys1 etc4--,ib41 p viii4 ,walk]'s twelve ,or?ographical ,aphorisms1 :i* ,murray & o!rs republi% z _! ,rules = ,spell+1 & :i* 9 /ead ( am5d+ !y m]ely corrupt1 happ5$ ?r\gh "s c>elessness to conta9 two :i* %\ld h be5 cond5s$ into "o4 ,= words end+ ) y prec$$ by a consonant1 he has n only ! absurd rule or ass]tion above recit$1 b an o!r :i* is bett]1 ) an exception or rem>k "u ea*1 respect+ y prec$$ by a v[el4 ,! gramm>ians foll[ him 9 8 errors1 & add to _! numb]3 h5ce ! repetition1 or simil>ity1 9 ! absurdities "h quot$4 ,by ! t]m v]bal n\ns1 ,walk] meant n\ns d5ot+ ag5ts1 z c>ri] f c>ry2 b ,kirkham und]/ood him to mean p>ticipial n\ns1 z ! c>ry+4 ,or r1 he s mi/ook t able philologi/ ,murray2 = he probably knew no?+ ( ,walk] 9 ! matt]2 & accord+ly *ang$ ! ^w v]bal to p>ticipial2 ?us tea*+1 ?r\gh all 8 hundr$ editions1 except a few ( ! fir/1 t p>ticipial n\ns f v]bs end+ 9 y prec$$ by a consonant1 are =m$ by m]ely *ang+ ! y into i4 ,b he seems to h kn[n1 t ?is is n ! way to =m ! p>ticiple2 ?\gh he did n "k1 t coyless is n a prop] ,engli% ^w4 #def ,! idea ( plurality is n plurality ( idea1 any m ?an ! idea ( wick$ness1 or ! idea ( absurdity1 is absurdity or wick$ness ( idea2 yet1 behold1 h[ our gramm>ians copy ! blund]1 :i* ,l[? 7p]haps7 fir/ fell into1 ( putt+ ! "o phrase = ! o!r6 ,ev5 ,pr(essor ,f[l]1 7z well z ,murray1 ,kirkham1 & o!rs17 talks ( hav+ reg>d to unity or plurality ( idea6--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #hvo4 #ahej1 #eac1--;,g4 ,,br[n4 #deg ,9 ! ,doctor's ,new ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,correct$1 ! text /&s ?us3 ,! ,pres5t p>ticiple ( ,,! ,,active ,,voice has an active signification2 z1 ,james is build+ ! h\se4 ,9 _m ( ^!1 h[ev]1 x has1 c4 ,"h ! fir/ s5t5ce is b an idle truism2 & ! phrase1 ,9 _m ( ^!1 = lack ( an antec$5t to ^!1 is utt] nons5se4 ,:at is 9 ! active voice1 ought ( c\rse to be active 9 signification2 b1 9 ?is au?or's pres5t s*eme ( ! v]b1 we f9d ! active voice1 9 direct violation ( 8 own def9ition ( x1 ascrib$ n only to v]bs & p>ticiples ei!r neut] or intransitive1 b also1 z x w\ld seem by ?is passage1 to _m t are passive6--,g4 ,,br[n4 #deh ,"o objection to ^! passage is1 t !y are examples ( ! v con/ruction :i* !y describe z a fault4 ,! fir/ & second s5t5ces ought to h be5 sep>at$ only by a semicolon4 ,?is w\ld h made !m memb]s ( "o & ! same s5t5ce4 ,c x be support$ t "o ?\ght is suffici5t = two p]iods1 or = :at "o *ooses to po9t z su*1 b n = two memb]s ( ! same p]iod8--,g4 ,,br[n4 #dei 7#a47 ,acc5t is ! tone ) :i* "o speaks4 ,=1 9 speak+1 ! voice ( e man is sometimes m grave 9 ! s\nd1 & at o!r times m acute or %rill4--,beattie's ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #be4 ,acc5t is ! tone ( ! voice ) :i* a syllable is pron\nc$4--,dr4 ,adam's ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gram41 p4 #bff4 7#b47 ,acc5t 9 a peculi> /ress ( ! voice on "s syllable 9 a ^w to di/+ui% x f ! o!rs4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bdc4 7#c47 ,! tone by :i* "o syllable is di/+ui%$ f ano!r is ! acc5t2 :i* is a great] /ress & elevation ( voice on t p>ticul> syllable4--,bicknell's ,eng4 ,gram41 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #aaa4 7#d47 ,quantity is ! ,l5g? or ,%ortness ( ,syllables2 & ! ,proportion1 g5]ally speak+1 betwixt a long & a %ort ,syllable1 is two to "o2 z 9 ,music1 two ,quav]s to "o ,crot*et4--,acc5t is ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! ,voice1 above or "u its usual ,tone1 b an ,art ( :i* we h little ,use1 & "k less1 9 ! ,engli% ,tongue2 nor are we l to improve our ,k 9 ?is ,p>ticul>1 unless ! ,art ( ,deliv]y or ,utt]ance 7 a little m /udy'd4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #aef4 7#e47 ,,acc5t1 s4 m4 7inflexion de la voix47 ,acc5t1 tone1 pronunciation4--,n\veau ,dictionnaire ,univ]sel1 #dto1 ,tome ,premi]1 s\s le mot ,acc5t4 ,,acc5t1 sub/4 7tone or inflection ( ! voice47 ,acc5t1 ton ou inflexion de voix4--,same ,"w1 ,g>n]'s ,new ,univ]sal ,diction>y1 #dto1 "u ! ^w ,acc5t4 7#f47 ,! ^w acc5t is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 language & signifies ! tone ( ! voice4--,p>k] & ,fox's ,engli% ,gram41 ,"p ,,iii1 p4 #cb4 7#g47 ,! unity ( ! ^w consi/s 9 ! tone or acc5t1 :i* b9ds toge!r ! two p>ts ( ! composition4--,f[l]'s ,e4 ,gram41 #cfj4 7#h47 ,! acc5t ( ! anci5ts is ! opprobrium ( mod]n criticism4 ,no?+ c %[ m evid5tly ! fallibility ( ! human faculties1 ?an ! total ignorance we are 9 at pres5t ( ! nature ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek acc5t4--,walk]'s ,pr9ciples1 ,no4 #dhf2 ,dict41 p4 #ec4 7#i47 ,x is n surpris+1 t ! acc5t & quantity ( ! anci5ts %\ld be s obscure & my/]i\s1 :5 two su* le>n$ m5 ( our own nation z ,mr4 ,fo/] & ,dr4 ,gaily1 diff] ab\t ! v exi/5ce ( quantity 9 our own language4--,walk]'s ,obs]vations on ,acc5t1 c42 ,key1 p4 #caa4 7#aj47 ,:at ^! acc5ts are has puzzl$ ! le>n$ s mu* t !y seem nei!r to und]/& ea* o!r nor !mselves4--,walk]'s ,octavo ,dict41 w4 ,b>ytone4 7#aa47 ,! anci5ts designat$ ! pit* ( vocal s\nds by ! t]m acc5t2 mak+ ?ree k9ds ( acc5ts1 ! acute 771 ! grave 771 & ! circumflex 771 :i* signifi$ sev]ally ! rise1 ! fall1 & ! turn ( ! voice1 or union ( acute & grave on ! same syllable4--,s>g5t's ,/&>d ,speak]1 p4 #ah4 #dfj ,int]rogatio1 ,grc ,erotema1 ,acc5tum quoque transf]t2 ut1 ,t]4 ,sicc9e ais ,p>m58 ,voss4 ,sus5br4--,prat's ,lat9 ,gramm>1 #hvo1 ,"p ,,ii1 p4 #aij4 #dfa ,9 reg>d to ! admission ( a comma be=e ! v]b1 by ! =ego+ exception1 nei!r ! practice ( au?ors nor ! doctr9e ( punctuators is entirely uni=m2 b1 :]e a consid]able pause is1 & mu/ be1 made 9 ! read+1 ,i judge x n only all[able1 b necess>y1 to m>k x 9 writ+4 ,9 ,w4 ,day's ,punctuation ,r$uc$ to a ,sy/em1 a "w ( no inconsid]able m]it1 ?is pr9ciple is disall[$2 & ev5 :5 ! adjunct ( ! nom9ative is a relative clause1 :i*1 by ,rule #b;d bel[ & its fir/ exception1 requires a comma aft] x b none be=e x1 ?is au?or excludes bo?1 putt+ no comma be=e ! pr9cipal v]b4 ,! foll[+ is an example3 ,b x frequ5tly happ5s1 t punctuation is n made a prom95t ex]cise 9 s*ools2 & ! brief mann] 9 :i* ! subject is !re dismiss$ has prov$ insuffici5t to impress ^u ! m9ds ( y\? a due s5se ( its importance4--,day's ,punctuation1 p4 #cb4 ,a pupil ( m9e w\ld "h h put a comma aft] ! ^w dismiss$4 ,s1 9 ! foll[+ examples1 aft] sake1 & aft] disp5ses3 ,! vanity t w\ld accept p[] = its own sake is ! pettie/ ( human passions4--,ib41 p4 #ge4 ,! g5]\s delight ( behold+ ! happ9ess he disp5ses is ! highe/ enjoym5t ( man4--,ib41 p1 #ajj4 #dfb ,:5 sev]al nom9atives are connect$1 "s au?ors & pr9t]s put ! comma only :]e ! conjunction is omitt$4 ,w4 ,day sep>ates !m all1 "o f an o!r2 b aft] ! la/1 :5 ?is is s+ul> be=e a plural v]b1 he ins]ts no po9t4 ,example3 ,imag9ation is "o ( ! pr9cipal +r$i5ts :i* ent] into ! complex idea ( g5ius2 b judgm5t1 memory1 und]/&+1 en?usiasm1 & s5sibility are also includ$4--,day's ,punctuation1 p4 #eb4 ,if ! po9ts are to be put :]e ! pauses naturally occur1 "h %\ld be a comma aft] s5sibility2 &1 if ,i mi/ake n1 x w\ld be m consonant ) curr5t usage to set "o !re4 ,john ,wilson1 h[ev]1 9 a lat] "w1 :i* is = ! mo/ "p a v good "o1 pref]s ! doctr9e ( ,day1 z 9 ! foll[+ in/ance3 ,reputation1 virtue1 & happ9ess dep5d greatly on ! *oice ( companions4--,wilson's ,treatise on ,punctuation1 p4 #cj4 #dfc ,"s pr9t]s1 & likewise "s au?ors1 suppose a s]ies ( words to require ! comma1 only :]e ! conjunction is suppress$4 ,?is is c]ta9ly a great error4 ,x gives u su* punctuation z comports nei!r ) ! s5se ( ?ree or m words 9 ! same con/ruction1 nor ) ! pauses :i* !y require 9 read+4 ,john1 ,james & ,?omas are "h1 is a s5t5ce :i* pla9ly tells ,john t ,james & ,?omas are "h2 & :i*1 if read accord+ to ?is po9t+1 _c possibly h any o!r mean+4 ,yet ?is is ! way 9 :i* ! rules ( ,coop]1 ,felton1 ,fro/1 ,web/]1 & p]haps o!rs1 tea* u to po9t x1 :5 we mean to tell somebody else t all ?ree are "h6 ,9 8 pret5d$ ,abridgm5t ( ,murray's ,engli% ,gramm>1 7a "w ab\nd+ 9 small !fts f ,br[n's ,in/itutes17 ,coop] has ! foll[+ example3 ,john1 ,james or ,joseph int5ds to accompany me4--,page #abj4 ,"h1 ,john be+ address$1 ! punctuation is "r2 b1 to make ?is n\n a nom9ative to ! v]b1 a comma mu/ be put aft] ea* ( ! o!rs4 ,9 ,coop]'s ,pla9 & ,practical ,gramm>1 ! passage is f\nd 9 ?is =m3 ,john1 ,james1 or ,joseph int5ds to accompany u4--,page #acb4 ,?is po9t+ is d\bly wrong2 because x is adapt$ to nei!r s5se4 ,if ! ?ree n\ns h ! same con/ruction1 ! pr9cipal pause w be imm$iately be=e ! v]b2 & surely a comma is z mu* requir$ by t pause1 z by ! second4 ,see ! ,note on ,rule #c;d1 above4 #dfd ,9 punctuation1 ! gramm> "h cit$ is unacc\ntably defective4 ,?is is ! m /range1 because _m ( its errors are m]e p]v]sions ( :at 0 accurately po9t$ by an o!r h&4 ,on ! page above ref]r$ to1 ,dr4 ,bullions1 9 copy+ f ,l5nie's syntactical ex]cises a doz5 consecutive l9es1 has omitt$ n9e ne$ful commas1 :i* ,l5nie _h be5 c>eful to ins]t6 #dfe ,ne$less abbreviations1 l mo/ t occur 9 ?is example1 are 9 bad ta/e1 & ought to be avoid$4 ,! great fault9ess ( ?is text z a model = le>n]s1 compels me to v>y ! words consid]ably 9 sugge/+ ! correction4 ,see ! ,key4--,g4 ,b4 #dff ,to be1 or n to be8--t's ! "q4--,hallock's ,gram41 p4 #bbj4 ,to be1 or n to be1 t is ! "q4--,s+]'s ,%ak41 ii4 #dhh4 ,to be1 or n to be2 t is ! ,"q4--,w>d's ,gram41 p #afj4 ,to be1 or n to be1 t is ! ,"q4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 p #bji4 ,to be1 or n to be8--,m&eville's ,c\rse ( ,read+1 p4 #ada4 ,to be or n to be6 ,t is ! "q4--,p9neo's ,gram41 p4 #agf4 ,to be--or n to be--t is ! "q----,burgh's ,speak]1 p4 #agi4 #dfg ,9 ! works ( "s ( our old] poets1 ! apo/rophe is sometimes irregul>ly ins]t$1 & p]haps ne$lessly1 to m>k a prosodial synsresis1 or synalepha1 :]e no lett] is cut (f or left out2 z1 ,retire1 or ta/e ?y folly'1 & le>n by pro(1 ,hell-born1 n to cont5d ) spir'its ( ,heav54 --,milton1 ,p4 ,l41 ii1 #fhf4 ,9 ! foll[+ example1 x seems to d5ote no?+ m ?an ! op5 or long s\nd ( ! prec$+ v[el e3 ,t sleep & fe$+ may prorogue 8 hon\r1 ,ev5 till a le!'d dulness4 --,s+]'s ,%akspe>e1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bhj4 #dfh ,! breve is prop]ly a m>k ( %ort quantity1 only :5 x is set ov] an unacc5t$ syllable or an unemphatic monosyllable1 z x (t5 is 9 ! scann+ ( v]ses4 ,9 ! examples above1 x m>ks ! close or %ort p[] ( ! v[els2 b1 "u ! acc5t1 ev5 ?is p[] may become "p ( a long syllable2 z x does 9 ! ^w raven1 :]e ! syllable rav1 hav+ twice ! l5g? ( t :i* foll[s1 mu/ be reckon$ long4 ,9 poetry1 rav-en & ra-v5 are bo? tro*ees1 ! =m] syllable 9 ea* be+ long1 & ! latt] %ort4 #dfi #a4 ,! signs ( long & %ort s\nds1 & especially ( ! =m]1 h be5 s+ul>ly sl[ 9 acquir+ appropriate names--or any appellatives suit$ to _! nature1 or su* z c\ld obta9 ! sanction ( g5]al use4 ,! "n breve1 f ! ,fr5* brve1 7:i* latt] ^w came1 d\btless1 orig9ally f ! neut] ( ! ,lat9 adjective brevis1 %ort17 is n[ pretty g5]ally appli$ to ! "o2 & ! ,greek t]m macron1 long1 7also orig9ally a neut] adjective17 is p]haps z common z any "n = ! o!r4 ,b ^! are n q s well adapt$ to ea* o!r1 & to ! ?+s nam$1 z are ! sub/itutes add$ above4 #b4 ,^! signs are expla9$ 9 our gramm>s "u v>i\s names1 & (t5 v unfit ones1 to say ! lea/2 &1 9 _m in/ances1 _! use is1 9 "s way1 awkw>dly /at$1 )\t any attempt to "n !m1 or m ?an "o1 if ei!r4 ,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,smi? names !m ,long 771 & ,%ort 774--,smi?'s ,murray1 p4 #gb4 ,*ur*ill calls !m ,! long & ! %ort 4--,new ,gram41 p4 #agj4 ,g\ld calls !m a horizontal l9e & a curv$ l9e4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #c4 ,co> says1 ,quantity is di/+ui%$ by ! *>act]s ( - long1 & %ort4--,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #aig4 ,b1 9 speak+ ( ! signs1 he calls !m1 ,a long syllable 1 & ,a %ort syllable 4--,gram41 pp4 #bbb & #bbh4 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e calls !m ! long s\nd1 & ! breve or %ort s\nd4--,gram41 p4 #beg4 ,w4 ,all5 says1 ,! long-syllable m>k1 77 & ! breve1 or %ort-syllable m>k1 77 d5ote ! quantity ( words poetically employ$4--,gram41 p4 #bae4 ,"s call !m ! ,long ,acc5t1 & ! ,%ort ,acc5t2 z does ,guy's ,gram41 p4 #ie4 ,?is nam+ seems to conf\nd acc5t ) quantity4 ,by "s1 ! ,macron is improp]ly call$ a ,da%2 z by ,l5nie1 p4 #acg2 by ,bullions1 p4 #aeg2 by ,hiley1 p4 #abc2 by ,butl]1 p4 #bae4 ,"s call x a small da%2 z does ,well's1 p4 #ahc2 s ,hiley1 p4 #aag4 ,by "s x is absurdly nam$ ,hyph52 z by ,bu*anan1 p4 #afb2 by ,ald51 p4 #afe2 by ,*&l]1 #ahc2 by ,p>k] & ,fox1 iii1 #cf2 by ,jaudon1 #aic4 ,sanborn calls x ! hyph51 or macron4--,analyt4 ,gr41 p4 #bgi4 ,_m1 :o "n x n1 introduce x to _! read]s by a ?is 1 or ?us 2 z d ,alg]1 ,blair1 ,dr4 ,adam1 ,comly1 ,coop]1 ,+]soll1 ,l4 ,murray1 ,s&]s1 ,wright1 & o!rs6 #dgj ,z soon z language proce$s1 f m]e articulation1 to coh]5cy1 & connection1 acc5t becomes ! guide ( ! voice4 ,x is f\nd$ ^u an obscure p]ception ( symmetry1 & proportion1 betwe5 ! diff]5t s\nds t are utt]$4--,noehd5's ,gramm> ( ! ,g]man ,language1 p4 #ff4 #dga ,accord+ to ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,web/]1 ,worce/]1 & p]haps all o!r lexicograph]s1 ,quantity1 9 gramm>1 is--,! measure ( "t 9 pron\nc+ a syllable4 ,&1 to ?is ma9 idea1 are con=m$1 s f> z ,i "k1 all ! diff]5t def9itions ev] giv5 ( x by gramm>ians & critics1 except t :i* appe>$ 9 ,asa ,humphrey's ,engli% ,prosody1 publi%$ 9 #ahdg4 ,9 ?is "w--! mo/ elaborate & ! mo/ compreh5sive1 ?\gh n ! mo/ accurate or consi/5t treatise we h on ! subject--,"t & ,quantity are expla9$ sep>ately1 z be+ two di/9ct ?+s2 & ! latt] is suppos$ n to h reg>d to duration1 b solely to ! am\nt ( s\nd giv5 to ea* syllable4 ,?is is n only a fanciful di/9ction1 b a radical innovation--& "o :i*1 9 any view1 has little to recomm5d x4 ,! au?or's explanations ( bo? "t & quantity--( _! *>act]i/ics1 diff]5ces1 & subdivisions--( _! relations to ea* o!r1 to poetic numb]s1 to emphasis & cad5ce1 or to acc5t & non-acc5t--z well z 8 d]ivation & hi/ory ( ^! te*nical t]ms1 "t & quantity--are h>dly j or cle> en\gh to be satisfactory4 ,accord+ to 8 !ory1 ,poetic numb]s are compos$ ( long & %ort syllables alt]nately2 7page #e27 b ! diff]5ce or proportion betwe5 ! times ( ^! classes ( syllables he holds to be indet]m9able1 because _! l5g?s are v>i\s4 ,he began ) de/roy+ ! prop] di/9ction ( quantity1 or "t1 z be+ ei!r long or %ort1 by ! useless recognition ( an indef9ite numb] ( int]m$iate l5g?s2 say+ ( our syllables at l>ge1 "s are ,,long1 "s ,,%ort1 & "s are ( ,,int]m$iate ,,l5g?s2 z1 mat1 n1 con1 c4 are %ort s\nds2 mate1 note1 cone1 & grave are long4 ,"s ( our diph?ongal s\nds are ,,long] ,,/ill2 z1 voice1 noise1 s\nd1 b\nd1 c4 ,,o!rs are se5 to be ( ,,int]m$iate l5g?s4--,humphrey's ,prosody1 p4 #d4 ,on a s*eme l ?is1 x mu/ evid5tly be impossible to det]m9e1 ) any c]ta9ty1 ei!r :at syllables are long & :at %ort1 or :at is ! diff]5ce or ratio betwe5 any two ( ! innum]able l5g?s ( t "t1 or quantity1 :i* is long1 %ort1 v>i\sly int]m$iate1 or long] /ill1 & aga9 v>i\sly int]m$iate6 ,no m>vel !n t ! +5i\s au?or scans "s l9es 9 a mann] peculi> to himself4 #dgb ,x 0 ! doctr9e ( ,%]idan1 & p]haps ( our old lexicograph]s 9 g5]al1 t no ,engli% ^w c h m ?an "o full acc5t2 b1 9 "s mod]n diction>ies1 z ,bolles's1 & ,worce/]'s1 _m words are m>k$ z if !y _h two2 & a few are giv5 by ,bolles's z hav+ ?ree4 ,%]idan errone\sly affirm$1 t e ^w has an acc5t1 ev5 all monosyllables1 ! p>ticles alone except$4--,lecture on ,elocution1 pp4 #fa & #ga4 ,& aga91 yet m errone\sly3 ,! ess5ce ( ,engli% words consi/+ 9 acc5t1 z t ( syllables 9 articulation2 we "k t !re are z _m syllables z we he> articulate s\nds1 & z _m words z we he> acc5ts4-- ,ib41 p4 #gj4 ,yet he _h said be=e1 9 ! same lecture3 ,! long] polysyllables1 h frequ5tly two acc5ts1 b "o is s mu* /rong] ?an ! o!r1 z to %ew t x is b "o ^w2 & ! inf]ior acc5t is always less =cible1 ?an any acc5t t is ! s+le "o 9 a ^w4--,ib41 p4 #ca4 ,wells def9es acc5t z if x might lie on _m syllables ( a ^w2 b1 9 8 examples1 he places x on no m ?an "o3 ,acc5t is ! /ress :i* is laid on "o or m syllables ( a ^w1 9 pronunciation2 z1 rev]b]ate1 "utake4--,wells's ,s*ool ,gram41 p4 #ahe4 ,accord+ to ?is loose def9ition1 he might z well h acc5t$ at lea/ "o o!r syllable 9 ea* ( ^! examples2 = !re seems1 c]ta9ly1 to be "s little /ress on ate & un4 ,= sundry o!r def9itions ( acc5t1 see ,*ap4 ,,iv1 ,section #b;d1 ( ,v]sification2 & ! m>g9al note ref]r+ to ,obs4 #a/ on ,prosody4 #dgc ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,ru%1 ,emphasis is--a /ress ( voice on "o or m words ( a s5t5ce1 di/+ui%+ !m by int5sity or peculi>ity ( mean+4--,philosophy ( ! ,voice1 p4 #bhb4 ,aga91 he def9es ?us3 ,acc5t is ! fix$ b inexpressive di/9ction ( syllables by quantity & /ress3 alike bo? 9 place & nature1 :e!r ! words are pron\nc$ s+ly f ! columns ( a vocabul>y1 or connect$ly 9 ! s]ies ( disc\rse4 ,emphasis may be def9$ to be ! expressive b occasional di/9ction ( a syllable1 & consequ5tly ( ! :ole ^w1 by "o or m ( ! specific modes ( "t1 quality1 =ce1 or pit*4--,ibid4 #dgd #a4 ,?is doctr9e1 ?\gh true 9 its ma9 int5t1 & especially applicable to ! poetic quantity ( monosyllables1 7! class ( words mo/ frequ5tly us$ 9 ,engli% poetry17 is1 p]haps1 r too /rongly /at$ by ,murray2 because x agrees n ) o!r /atem5ts ( 81 conc]n+ ! p[] ( acc5t ov] quantity2 & because ! effect ( acc5t1 z a regulator ( quantity1 may1 on ! :ole1 be z great z t ( emphasis4 ,%]idan contradicts himself yet m po9t$ly on ?is subject2 & 8 discrepancies may h be5 ! effici5ts ( ,murray's4 ,! quantity ( our syllables is p]petually v>y+ ) ! s5se1 & is = ! mo/ "p regulat$ by ,,emphasis4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #fe4 ,aga93 ,x is by ! ,,acc5t *iefly t ! quantity ( our syllables is regulat$4--,%]idan's ,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #eg4 ,see ,*ap4 ,,iv1 ,sec4 #b;d1 ,obs4 #a2 & m>g9al note on ,obs4 #h4 #b4 ,"s writ]s errone\sly conf\nd emphasis ) acc5t2 especially ^? :o make acc5t1 & n quantity1 ! f\ndation ( v]se4 ,contr>y to common usage1 & to 8 own def9ition ( acc5t1 ,wells takes x ^u him to say1 ,! t]m acc5t is also appli$1 9 poetry1 to ! /ress laid on monosyllabic words2 z1 ',cont5t is weal?1 ! ri*es ( ! m9d4'--,dryd54 --,wells's ,s*ool ,gramm>1 p4 #ahe4 ,x does n appe> t /ress laid on monosyllables is any m fitly t]m$ acc5t1 :5 x occurs 9 ! read+ ( poetry1 ?an :5 9 ! utt]ance ( prose4 ,*ur*ill1 :o makes no su* di/9ction1 ?9ks acc5t ess5tial alike to emphasis & to ! quantity ( a long v[el1 & yet1 z reg>ds monosyllables1 dep5d5t on !m bo?6 ,8 words are ^!3 ,monosyllables are sometimes acc5t$1 sometimes n4 ,?is dep5ds *iefly on _! be+ m or less emphatic2 & on ! v[el s\nd be+ long or %ort4 ,we _c give emphasis to any ^w1 or x's its prop] duration to a long v[el1 )\t acc5t+ x4--,*ur*ill's ,new ,gram41 p4 #ahb4 #dge ,n only are ^! inflections d5ot$ occasionally by ! acc5tual m>ks1 b !y are sometimes expressly id5tifi$ ) acc5ts1 be+ call$ by t "n4 ,?is practice1 h[ev]1 is pla9ly objectionable4 ,x conf\nds ?+s kn[n to be diff]5t1--m]e /ress ) elevation or depression1--& may lead to ! supposition1 t to acc5t a syllable1 is to inflect ! voice ^u x4 ,su* inde$ has be5 ! guess ( _m conc]n+ ! nature ( ,greek & ,lat9 acc5ts1 b ( ! ,engli% acc5t1 ! common idea is1 t x is only a great] =ce di/+ui%+ "s "o syllable ( a ^w f ! re/4 ,walk]1 h[ev]1 9 ! /range acc\nt he gives 9 8 ,key1 ( :at we mean by ! acc5t & quantity ( our own language1 *>ges ?is curr5t op9ion ) error1 diss5t+ f ,%]idan & ,n>es1 :o held x2 &1 hav+ ass]t$1 t1 9 speak+1 ! voice is cont9ually slid+ upw>ds or d[nw>ds1 proce$s to contradict himself ?us3 ,z high & l[1 l\d & s(t1 =cible & feeble1 are comp>ative t]ms1 words ( "o syllable pron\nc$ alone1 & )\t relation to o!r words or syllables1 _c be said to h any ,,acc5t4 ,! only di/9ction to :i* su* words are liable1 is an elevation or depression ( voice1 :5 we comp>e ! beg9n+ ) ! end ( ! ^w or syllable4 ,?us a monosyllable1 consid]$ s+ly1 rises f a l[] to a high] tone 9 ! "q ,n8 :i* may !re=e be call$ ! acute ,,acc5t3 & falls f a high] to a l[] tone ^u ! same ^w 9 ! answ] ,n1 :i* may !re=e be call$ ! grave ,,acc5t4--,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #caf4 ,?us he tells ( diff]5t acc5ts on a monosyllable1 :i*1 by 8 own %[+1 _c be said to h any acc5t6 & o!rs read & copy ! text ) z little suspicion ( its inconsi/5cy6 ,see ,worce/]'s ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y1 p4 #icd4 #dgf ,9 ,humphrey's ,engli% ,prosody1 cad5ce is tak5 = ! rev]se ( acc5t1 & is obvi\sly id5tifi$ or conf\nd$ ) %ort quantity1 or :at ! au?or incl9es to call small quantity4 ,he def9es x z foll[s3 ,cad5ce is ! rev]se or c\nt]p>t to acc5t2 a fall+ or depression ( voice on syllables unacc5t$3 & by :i* ! s\nd is %ort5$ & depress$4--,p4 #c4 ,?is is n exactly :at is g5]ally und]/ood by ! ^w cad5ce4 ,"l ,kames also contra/s cad5ce ) acc5t2 b1 by ! latt] t]m1 he seems to h meant some?+ diff]5t f our ord9>y acc5t4 ,sometimes to hum\r ! s5se1 says he1 & sometimes ! melody1 a p>ticul> syllable is s\nd$ 9 a high] tone2 & ?is is t]m$ acc5t+ a syllable1 or grac+ x ) an acc5t4 ,oppos$ to ! acc5t1 is ! cad5ce1 :i* ,i h n m5tion$ z "o ( ! requisites ( v]se1 because x is entirely regulat$ by ! s5se1 & ha? no peculi> relation to v]se4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #gh4 #dgg ,! ,lat9 t]m1 7made plural to agree ) v]ba1 words17 is subaudita1 und]he>d--! p]fect p>ticiple ( subaudio1 to und]he>4 ,h5ce ! n\n1 subauditio1 subaudition1 ! recognition ( ellipses4 #dgh ,?us1 9 ! ,prov]bs ( all ,languages1 _m ,words are usually left to be suppli$ f ! trite obvi\s ,nature ( :at !y express2 z1 out ( ,sight out ( ,m9d2 ! m ! m]ri]1 c4--,w4 ,w>d's ,pract4 ,gram41 p4 #adg4 #dgi ,l9dley ,murray & "s o!rs say1 ,z ! ellipsis occurs 9 almo/ e s5t5ce 9 ! ,engli% language1 num]\s examples ( x might be giv54--,murray's ,gram41 p4 #bbj2 ,weld's1 #bib2 ,fisk's1 #adg4 ,!y c\ld1 )\t d\bt1 h exhibit$ _m true specim5s ( ,ellipsis2 b mo/ ( ^? :i* !y h giv51 are only fanciful & false ones2 & _! notion ( ! frequ5cy ( ! figure1 is mon/r\sly hyp]bolical4 #dhj ,:o besides ,web/] has call$ syllepsis sub/itution1 ,i d n "k4 ,sub/itution & conception are t]ms ( q diff]5t import1 & _m au?ors h expla9$ syllepsis by ! latt] ^w4 ,dr4 ,web/] gives to ,,sub/itution two mean+s1 ?us3 #a4 ,! act ( putt+ "o p]son or ?+ 9 ! place ( ano!r to supply 8 or its place4--#b4 ,9 gramm>1 syllepsis1 or ! use ( "o ^w = ano!r4--,am]ican ,dict41 #hvo4 ,?is explanation seems to me inaccurate2 because x conf\nds bo? sub/itution & syllepsis ) enallage4 ,x has signs ( c>elessness ?r\gh\t2 ! =m] s5t5ce be+ bo? tautological & ungrammatical4--,g4 ,b4 #dha ,betwe5 ,tropes & ,figures1 "s writ]s attempt a full di/9ction2 b ?is1 if practicable1 is ( little use4 ,accord+ to ,holmes1 ,,tropes affect only s+le ,words2 b ,,figures1 :ole ,s5t5ces4--,rhetoric1 ,b4 i1 p4 #bh4 ,! ,,*ief ,,tropes 9 ,language1 says ?is au?or1 are sev52 a ,metaphor1 an ,allegory1 a ,metonymy1 a ,synecdo*e1 an ,irony1 an ,hyp]bole1 & a ,cata*resis4--,ib41 p4 #cj4 ,! t]m ,figure or ,figures is m compreh5sive ?an ,trope or ,tropes2 ,i h !re=e n ?\ght x exp$i5t to make mu* use ( ! latt]1 9 ei!r ! s+ul> or ! plural =m4 ,holmes's sev5 tropes are all ( !m def9$ 9 ! ma9 text ( ?is section1 except ,cata*resis1 :i* is commonly expla9$ to be an abuse ( a trope4 ,accord+ to ?is s5se1 x seems 9 g5]al to diff] b little f impropriety4 ,at be/1 a ,cata*resis is a =c$ expression1 ?\gh sometimes1 p]haps1 to be indulg$ :]e !re is great excitem5t4 ,x is a sort ( figure by :i* a ^w is us$ 9 a s5se diff]5t f1 yet connect$ )1 or analog\s to1 its own2 z1 ,& pity1 l a nak$ new-born babe1 ,/rid+ ! bla/1 z heav5's *]ubim ,hors'd ^u ! sightless c\ri]s ( ! air1 ,%all bl[ ! horrid de$ 9 e eye1 ,t te>s %all dr[n ! w9d4--,%ak41 ,macbe?1 ,act i1 ,sc4 #g4 #dhb ,holmes1 9 8 ,art ( ,rhetoric1 writes ?is ^w ,p>aleipsis reta9+ ! ,greek or?ography4 ,s does ,f[l] 9 8 rec5t ,engli% ,gramm>1 #fdf4 ,web/]1 ,adam1 & "s o!rs1 write x ,p>alepsis4 ,i write x z above on ! au?ority ( ,littleton1 ,a9swor?1 & "s o!rs2 & ?is is accord+ to ! analogy ( ! k9dr$ ^w ellipsis1 :i* we nev] write ei!r ellepsis1 or1 z ! ,greek1 elleipsis4 #dhc ,to ?is pr9ciple !re seems to be n[ & !n an exception1 z :5 a weak dissyllable beg9s a foot 9 an anape/ic l9e1 z 9 ! foll[+ examples3-- ,i ?9k--let me see--yes1 x is1 ,i decl>e1 ,z long ago n[ z t ,buck+ham !re4--,leigh ,hunt4 ,& ,?omson1 ?\gh be/ 9 8 indol5t fits1 ,ei!r slept himself we>y1 or bla/$ 8 wits4--,id4 ,"h1 if we reckon ! feet 9 "q to be anape/s1 we h dissyllables ) bo? p>ts %ort4 ,b "s1 acc5t+ ago on ! latt] syllable1 & ,ei!r on ! =m]1 w call ago n[ a bac*y1 & ,ei!r slept an amphimac3 because !y make !m su* by _! mann] ( read+4--,g4 ,b4 #dhd ,edg> ,a4 ,poe1 ! au?or1 di$ at ,baltimore on ,sunday ! #g?4--,daily ,ev5+ ,travell]1 ,bo/on ,oct4 #i1 #ahdi4 ,?is 0 eight or t5 mon?s aft] ! writ+ ( ^! obs]vations4--,g4 ,b4 #dhe ,v]sification is ! art ( arrang+ words into l9es ( correspond5t l5g?1 s z to produce h>mony by ! regul> alt]nation ( syllables diff]+ 9 quantity--,br[n's ,in/itutes ( ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #bce4 #dhf ,?is appe>s to be an error2 =1 accord+ to ,dilwor?1 & o!r ari?meticians1 a unit is a numb]2 & s is x exp\nd$ by ,johnson1 ,walk]1 ,web/]1 & ,worce/]4 ,see1 9 ! ,introduction1 a note at ! foot ( p4 #aag4 ,mulligan1 h[ev]1 cont5ds /ill1 t "o is no numb]2 & t1 to talk ( ! s+ul> numb] is absurd--a contradiction 9 t]ms2--because1 9 common disc\rse1 a numb] is always a plurality1 except--:5 x is numb] "o6--,see ,grammatical ,/ructure ( ! ,e4 ,language1 #cc4 ,"s prosodi/s h taught ! absurdity1 t two feet are necess>y to con/itute a metre1 & h accord+ly appli$ ! t]ms1 monomet]1 dimet]1 trimet]1 tetramet]1 p5tamet]1 & hexamet]1--or s _m ( !m z !y c\ld s misapply1--9 a s5se v diff]5t f ! usual acceptation4 ,! prop] pr9ciple is1 t1 ,"o foot con/itutes a metre4--,dr4 ,p4 ,wilson's ,greek ,prosody1 p4 #ec4 ,& v]ses are to be d5om9at$ ,monomet]1 ,dimet]1 ,trimet]1 c41 accord+ to ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,feet4--,see ib4 p4 #f4 ,b ,worce/]'s ,univ]sal & ,critical ,diction>y has ! foll[+ n v consi/5t explanations3 ,,monomet]1 n4 ,"o metre4 ,beck4 ,,dimet]1 n4 ,a poetic measure ( f\r feet2 a s]ies ( two met]s4 ,beck4 ,,trimet]1 a4 ,consi/+ ( ?ree poetical measures1 =m+ an iambic ( six feet4 ,tyr:itt4 ,,tetramet]1 n4 ,a ,lat9 or ,greek v]se consi/+ ( f\r feet2 a s]ies ( f\r metres4 ,,tetramet]1 a4 ,hav+ f\r metrical feet4 ,tyr:itt4 ,,p5tamet]1 n4 ,a ,greek or ,lat9 v]se ( five feet2 a s]ies ( five metres4 ,,p5tamet]1 a4 ,hav+ five metrical feet4 ,w>ton4 ,,hexamet]1 n4 ,a v]se or l9e ( poetry1 hav+ six feet1 ei!r dactyls or spondees2 ! h]oic1 & mo/ important1 v]se among ! ,greeks & ,romans2--a rhy?mical s]ies ( six metres4 ,,hexamet]1 a4 ,hav+ six metrical feet4 ,dr4 ,w>ton4 ,accord+ to ^! def9itions1 ,dimet] has z _m feet z ,tetramet]2 & ,trimet] has z _m z ,hexamet]6 #dhg ,x is common1 at any rate1 = prosodi/s to speak ( ! movem5t ( ! voice1 z d ,%]idan1 ,murray1 ,humphrey1 & ,ev]ett2 b ,kames1 9 treat+ ( ! ,beauty ( ,language f ,resemblance1 says ,!re is no resemblance ( s\nd to motion1 nor ( s\nd to s5tim5t4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #fc4 ,?is usage1 h[ev]1 is admitt$ by ! critic1 _h cit$ to %[ h[1 causes t h no resemblance may produce resembl+ effects4--,ib4 #fd4 ,by a numb] ( syllables 9 succession1 an emotion is sometimes rais$ extremely simil> to t rais$ by successive motion3 :i* may be evid5t ev5 to ^? :o are defective 9 ta/e1 f ! foll[+ fact1 t ! t]m movem5t 9 all languages is equally appli$ to bo?4--,ib4 ii4 #ff4 #dhh ,f :at has be5 said ( acc5t & quantity 9 our own language1 we may conclude !m to be ess5tially di/9ct & p]fectly sep>able3 nor is x to be d\bt$ t !y 7 equally sep>able 9 ! le>n$ languages4--,walk]s's ,obs]vations on ,gr4 & ,lat4 ,acc5t & ,quantity1 #bj2 ,key1 p4 #cbf4 ,9 ! speculative essay "h cit$1 ,walk] meant by acc5t ! ris+ or ! fall+ inflection1--an upw>d or a d[nw>d slide ( ! voice3 & by quantity1 no?+ b ! op5 or close s\nd ( "s v[el2 z ( ! a 9 scatt] & 9 skat]1 ! initial syllables ( :i* words be suppos$ to diff] 9 quantity z mu* z any two syllables c6--,ib41 #bd2 ,key1 p4 #cca4 ,) ^! views ( ! ?+s1 x is p]haps ! less to be wond]$ at1 t ,walk]1 :o appe>s to h be5 a c&id & c\rte\s writ]1 *>ges t excell5t s*ol> ,mr4 ,=/]--) a total ignorance ( ! acc5t & quantity ( 8 own language1 7,ib41 ,note on #h2 ,key1 p4 #cag27 &1 9 reg>d to acc5t1 anci5t or mod]n1 else:]e confesses 8 own ignorance1 & t ( e body else1 to be z total4 ,see m>g9al note on ,obs4 #d? bel[4 #dhi 7#a47 ,we %all n[ take a view ( s\nds :5 unit$ into syllables4 ,"h a beautiful v>iation ( quantity pres5ts itself z ! next object ( our att5tion4 ,! k ( long & %ort syllables1 is ! mo/ excell5t & mo/ neglect$ quality 9 ! :ole art ( pronunciation4 ,! disputes ( our mod]n writ]s on ?is subject1 h aris5 *iefly f an absurd notion t has long prevail$2 viz4 t !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ! acc5t & ! quantity1 9 ! ,engli% language2 t ! acc5t$ syllables are always long1 & ! unacc5t$ always %ort4 ,an absurdity s gl>+1 does n ne$ refutation4 ,pron\nce any "o l9e f ,milton1 & ! e> w det]m9e :e!r or n ! acc5t & quantity always co9cide4 ,v seldom !y d4--,,h]ries3 ,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #ajh4 7#b47 ,"s ( our ,mod]ns 7especially ,mr4 ,bi%e1 9 8 ,art ( ,poetry7 & lately ,mr4 ,mattaire1 9 :at he calls1 ,! ,engli% ,gramm>1 errone\sly use ,acc5t = ,quantity1 "o signify+ ! ,l5g? or ,%ortness ( a ,syllable1 ! o!r ! rais+ or fall+ ( ! ,voice 9 ,disc\rse4--,brightl&'s ,gram41 ,london1 #agdf1 p4 #aef4 7#c47 ,tempus cum acc5tu a nonnullis mal confunditur2 quasi idem sit acui et produci4 ,cum brevis autem syllaba acuitur1 elevatur quidem vox 9 e pr(]5d1 s$ tempus non augetur4 ,sic 9 voce hom9ibus acuitur mi2 at ni qu sequitur1 quam 9 eff]5do moram po/ulat4--,lily's ,gram41 p4 #abe4 ,v]sion3 ,by "s p]sons1 "t is improp]ly conf\nd$ ) acc5t2 z if to acute & to l5g!n 7 ! same4 ,b :5 a %ort syllable is acut$1 ! voice inde$ is rais$ 9 pron\nc+ x1 b ! "t is n increas$4 ,?us1 9 ! ^w hom9ibus1 mi z ! acute acc5t2 b ni1 :i* foll[s1 dem&s equal sl[ness 9 ! pronunciation4 ,to ,engli% e>s1 ?is c h>dly seem a correct repres5tation2 =1 9 pron\nc+ hom9ibus1 x is n mi1 b m91 t we acc5t2 & ?is syllable is manife/ly z mu* long] ?an ! re/1 z x is l\d]4 #dij 7#a47 ,syllables1 ) respect to _! quantity1 are ei!r long1 %ort1 or common4--,g\ld's ,adam's ,lat4 ,gram41 p4 #bdc4 ,"s syllables are common2 t is1 sometimes long1 & sometimes %ort4--,adam's ,lat4 & ,eng4 ,gram41 p4 #beb4 ,common is "h put = v>iable1 or n p]man5tly settl$ 9 respect to quantity3 9 ?is s5se1 f :i* no ?ird species ought to be inf]r$1 our language is1 p]haps1 m ext5sively common ?an any o!r4 7#b47 ,mo/ ( our ,monosyllables ei!r take ?is ,/ress or n1 accord+ z !y are m or less emphatical2 & !re=e ,engli% ,words ( "o ,syllable may be consid]$ z common2 i4e4 ei!r z long or %ort 9 c]ta9 ,situations4 ,^! ,situations are *iefly det]m9$ by ! ,pause1 or ,cesure1 ( ! ,v]se1 & ?is ,pause by ! ,s5se4 ,& z ! ,engli% ab\nds 9 ,monosyllables1 !re is probably no ,language 9 :i* ! ,quantity ( ,syllables is m regulat$ by ! ,s5se ?an 9 ,engli%4--,w4 ,w>d's ,gram41 ,ed4 ( #agfe1 p4 #aef4 7#c47 ,bicknell's !ory ( quantity1 = :i* he ref]s to ,h]ries1 is ?is3 ,! ,engli% quantity is divid$ into long1 %ort1 & common4 ,! longe/ species ( syllables are ^? t end 9 a v[el1 & are "u ! acc5t2 z1 mo 9 h>moni\s1 sole 9 console1 c4 ,:5 a monosyllable1 :i* is unemphatic1 ends 9 a v[el1 x is always %ort2 b :5 ! emphasis is plac$ ^u x1 x is always long4 ,%ort syllables are su* z end 9 any ( ! six mutes2 z cut1 /op1 rapid1 rugged1 lock4 ,9 all su* syllables ! s\nd _c be l5g!n$3 !y are necess>ily & inv>iably %ort4 ,if ano!r consonant int]v5es betwe5 ! v[el & mute1 z rend1 sft1 flask1 ! syllable is r5d]$ some:at long]4 ,! o!r species ( syllables call$ common1 are su* z t]m9ate 9 a half-v[el or aspirate4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! words run1 swim1 cru%1 purl1 ! conclud+ s\nd c be cont9u$ or %ort5$1 z we please4 ,?is s*eme ( quantity1 x is add$1 is f\nd$ on fact & exp]i5ce4--,bicknell's ,gram41 ,"p ii1 p4 #aji4 ,b is x n a fact1 t su* words z cutte/1 /opp+1 rapid1 rugg$1 are tro*ees1 9 v]se8 & is n unlock an iambus8 ,& :at becomes ( syllables t end ) v[els or liquids & are n acc5t$8 #dia ,i d n say ! m]e abs5ce ( /ress is nev] call$ acc5t2 = x is1 pla9ly1 ! doctr9e ( "s au?ors t ! ,engli% acc5t diff]s n at all 9 its nature f ! acc5t ( ! anci5t ,greeks or ,romans1 :i* 0 di/+ui%$ z be+ ( ?ree sorts1 acute1 grave1 inflex2 t ! /rong] brea?+1 or high] s\nd1 :i* di/+ui%es "o syllable ( a ^w f or above ! re/1 is ! acute acc5t only2 t ! s(t] brea?+1 or l[] s\nd1 :i* belongs to an unacut$ 7or unacc5t$7 syllable1 is ! grave acc5t2 & t a comb9ation ( ^! two s\nds1 or brea?+s1 ^u "o syllable1 con/itutes ! inflex or circumflex acc5t4 ,su*1 ,i ?9k1 is ! tea*+ ( ,rev4 ,william ,b>nes2 :o fur!r says1 ,engli% v]se is con/ruct$ ^u sundry ord]s ( acute & grave acc5ts & mat*+s ( rhymes1 :ile ! poetic language ( ! ,romans & ,greeks is =m$ ^u rules ( ! sundry clu/]+s ( long & %ort syllables4--,philological ,gramm>1 p4 #bfc4 ,?is s*eme is n :olly consi/5t1 because ! au?or expla9s acc5t or acc5ts z be+ applicable only to words ( two or m syllables2 & x is pla91 t ! acc5t :i* includes ! ?ree sorts above1 mu/ ne$s be "s o!r ?+ ?an :at we call acc5t1 if ?is includes only ! acute4 #dib ,%]idan us$ ! same comp>ison1 ,to illu/rate ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! acc5t ( ! anci5ts & t ( ours our tongue4 ,our acc5t he suppos$1 ) ,n>es & o!rs1 to h no ref]5ce to inflections ( ! voice4--,see ,art ( ,read+1 p4 #ge2 ,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #ef2 ,walk]'s ,key1 p4 #cac4 #dic 7#a47 ,x may 9 "s measure acc\nt = ^! rem>kable omissions1 to obs]ve t ,walk]1 9 8 lexicography1 foll[$ ,johnson 9 almo/ e ?+ b pronunciation4 ,on ?is latt] subject1 8 own au?ority is p]haps z great z t ( any s+le au?or4 ,& "h ,i am l$ to introduce a rem>k or two t\*+ ! acc5t & quantity ) :i* he 0 *iefly conc]n$2 ?\gh ! sugge/ions may h no imm$iate connexion ) ! error ( conf\nd+ ^! prop]ties4 7#b47 ,walk]1 9 8 !ory1 reg>d$ ! inflections ( ! voice z p]ta9+ to acc5t1 & z af=d+ a satisfactory solution ( ! difficulties 9 :i* ?is subject has be5 involv$2 b1 z an ,engli% or?opi/1 he treats ( acc5t 9 no o!r s5se1 ?an z /ress laid on a p>ticul> syllable ( a ^w--a s5se imply+ contra/1 & necess>ily divid+ all syllables into acc5t$ & unacc5t$1 except monosyllables4 ,hav+ ackn[l$g$ our total ignorance ( ! nature ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek acc5t1 he adds3 ,! acc5t ( ! ,engli% language1 :i* is con/antly s\nd+ 9 our e>s1 & e mom5t op5 to inve/igation1 seems z mu* a my/]y z t acc5t :i* is remov$ almo/ two ?\s& ye>s f our view4 ,obscurity1 p]plexity1 & confusion1 run ?r\gh e treatise on ! subject1 & no?+ c\ld be s hopeless z an attempt to expla9 x1 did n a circum/ance pres5t itself1 :i* at once acc\nts = ! confusion1 & af=ds a clew to lead u out ( x4 ,n "o writ] on acc5t has giv5 su* a def9ition ( ! voice z acqua9ts u ) its ess5tial prop]ties4 99 99 99 ,b let u once divide ! voice into its ris+ & fall+ inflections1 ! obscurity vani%es1 & acc5t becomes z intelligible z any o!r "p ( language4 99 99 99 ,on ! pres5t occasion x w be suffici5t to obs]ve1 t ! /ress we call acc5t is z well und]/ood z is necess>y = ! pronunciation ( s+le words1 :i* is ! object ( ?is treatise4--,walk]'s ,dict41 p4 #ec1 ,pr9cip4 #dhf1 #dhg1 #dhh4 7#c47 ,aft]w>ds1 on introduc+ quantity1 z an or?opical topic1 he has ! foll[+ rem>k3 ,9 treat+ ?is "p ( pronunciation1 x w n be necess>y to ent] into ! nature ( t quantity :i* con/itutes poetry2 ! quantity "h consid]$ w be t :i* relates to words tak5 s+ly2 & ?is is no?+ m ?an ! l5g? or %ortness ( ! v[els1 ei!r z !y /& alone1 or z !y are diff]5tly comb9$ ) ! v[els or consonants4 ,ib41 p4 #fb1 ,pr9cip4 #ebi4 ,"h is sugge/$ a di/9ction :i* has n be5 s well obs]v$ by gramm>ians & prosodi/s1 or ev5 by ,walk] himself1 z x ought to h be54 ,s long z ! practice cont9ues ( d5om9at+ c]ta9 m]e v[el s\nds ! long & ! %ort1 x w be v necess>y to notice t ^! are n ! same z ! syllabic quantities1 long & %ort1 :i* con/itute ,engli% v]se4 #did 7#a47 ,9 ! ,lat9 & ,greek languages1 ?is is n commonly suppos$ to be ! case2 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! quantity ( syllables is pr(ess$ly adju/$ by its own rules indep5d5tly ( :at we call acc5t2 &1 9 our ,engli% pronunciation ( ^! languages1 ! acc5tuation ( all long words is regulat$ by ! quantity ( ! la/ syllable b "o4 ,walk]1 9 ! introduction to 8 ,key1 speaks ( ,! ,engli% pronunciation ( ,greek & ,lat9 z injuri\s to quantity4 ,& no "o c d5y1 t we (t5 acc5t :at are call$ %ort syllables1 & p]haps (t5] leave unacc5t$ su* z are call$ long2 b1 aft] all1 7 ! quantity ( ,lat9 & ,greek syllables always judg$ ( by _! actual "t1 & n ) ref]5ce to ! v[el s\nds call$ long & %ort1 ^! our violations ( ! old quantities w\ld be f\nd mu* few] ?an "s suppose !y are4 7#b47 ,dr4 ,adam's view ( ! acc5ts1 acute & grave1 appe>s to be peculi>2 & ( a nature :i* may p]haps come ne>] to an actual id5tity ) ! quantities1 long & %ort1 ?an any o!r4 ,he says1 #a4 ,! acute or %>p acc5t raises ! voice 9 pronunciation1 & is ?us m>k$ 2 prf]o1 prf]4 ,! ,engli% ^w is writt51 n ?us1 b ) two ,effs1 pr(f]4--,g4 ,b4 #b4 ,! grave or base acc5t depresses ! voice1 or keeps x 9 its natural tone2 & is ?us m>k$ 2 z1 doct4 ,fi/ ,?is acc5t prop]ly belongs to all syllables :i* h no o!r4 ,! acc5ts are h>dly ev] m>k$ 9 ,engli% books1 except 9 diction>ies1 gramm>s1 spell+-books1 or ! l1 :]e ! acute acc5t only is us$4 ,! acc5ts are likewise seldom m>k$ 9 ,lat9 books1 unless = ! sake ( di/9ction2 z 9 ^! adv]bs1 aliqu1 cont9u1 doct1 un1 c4--,adam's ,lat9 & ,engli% ,gramm>1 p4 #bff4 7#c47 ,z /ress naturally l5g!ns ! syllables on :i* x falls1 if we suppose ! grave acc5t to be ! opposite ( ?is1 & to belong to all syllables :i* h no peculi> /ress1--are n en=c$1 n acut$1 n circumflect$1 n emphasiz$2 !n %all we truly h an acc5t ) :i* our %ort quantity may fairly co9cide4 ,b ,i h said1 ! m]e abs5ce ( /ress1 :i* produces %ort quantity1 we d n call acc5t2 & x may be obs]v$1 t ! le>n$ improv] ( ,dr4 ,adam's ,gramm>1 ,b4 ,a4 ,g\ld1 has totally reject$ all t 8 pr$ecessor taught conc]n+ acc5t1 & has giv5 an entirely diff]5t def9ition ( ! ?+4 ,see m>g9al notes on page #gga1 above4 ,dr4 ,johnson also cites f ,hold] a v diff]5t explanation ( x1 z foll[s3 ,acc5t1 z 9 ! ,greek names & usage1 seems to h reg>d$ ! tune ( ! voice2 ! acute acc5t1 rais+ ! voice 9 "s c]ta9 syllables1 to a high]1 7i4e4 m acute7 pit* or tone2 & ! grave1 depress+ x l[]2 ,fi/ & bo? hav+ "s emphasis1 i4e4 m vigor\s pronunciation4 ,,hold]4--,johnson's ,qu>to ,dict41 w4 ,acc5t4 #die 7#a47 ,among/ !m ! anci5ts1 we "k t acc5ts 7 m>k$ by c]ta9 inflexions inflections ( ! voice l musical notes2 & ! gramm>ians to ?is day1 ) great =mality in=m _! pupils1 t ! acute acc5t1 is ! rais+ ( ! voice on a c]ta9 syllable2 ! grave1 a depression ( x2 & ! circumflex1 a rais+ & depression bo?1 9 "o & ! same syllable4 ,?is j>gon !y con/antly pres]ve1 ?\gh !y h no sort ( ideas annex$ to ^! words2 = if !y are ask$ to %ew h[ ?is is to be done1 !y _c tell1 & _! practice always belies _! precept4--,%]idan's ,lectures on ,eloc41 p4 #ed4 7#b47 ,x is by ! acc5t *iefly t ! quantity ( our syllables is regulat$2 b n accord+ to ! mi/ak5 rule laid d[n by all :o h writt5 on ! subject1 t ! acc5t always makes ! syllable long2 ?an :i* !re _c be any ?+ m false4--,ib41 p4 #eg4 7#c47 ,& "h ,i _c help tak+ notice ( a circum/ance1 :i* %ews 9 ! /ronge/ light1 ! amaz+ defici5cy ( ^?1 :o h hi!rto employ$ _! lab\rs on t subject1 acc5t1 or pronunciation1 9 po9t ( k ( ! true g5ius & con/itution ( our tongue4 ,sev]al ( ! compil]s ( diction>ies1 vocabul>ies1 & spell+ books1 h und]tak5 to m>k ! acc5ts ( our words2 b s little acqua9t$ 7 !y ) ! nature ( our acc5t1 t !y ?\ght x necess>y only to m>k ! syllable on :i* ! /ress is to be laid1 )\t m>k+ ! p>ticul> lett] ( ! syllable to :i* ! acc5t belongs4--,ib41 p4 #ei4 7#d47 ,! m9d ?us tak+ a bias "u ! prejudice ( false rules1 nev] arrives at a k ( ! true nature ( quantity2 & accord+ly we f9d t all attempts hi!rto to settle ! prosody ( our language1 h be5 va9 & fruitless4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #eb4 #dif ,9 ! foll[+ extract1 ?is matt] is /at$ some:at diff]5tly3 ,! quantity dep5ds ^u ! seat ( ! acc5t1 :e!r x be on ! v[el or on ! consonant2 if on ! v[el1 ! syllable is necess>ily long3 z x makes ! v[el long2 if on ! consonant1 x may be ei!r long or %ort1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! consonant1 or ! "t tak5 up 9 dwell+ ^u x4--,%]idan's ,lectures on ,eloc41 p4 #eg4 ,?is la/ clause %[s ! di/9ction to be a v weak "o4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #dig ,if ! consonant be 9 its nature a %ort "o1 ! syllable is necess>ily %ort4 ,if x be a long "o1 t is1 "o ^: s\nd is capable ( be+ l5g!n$1 x may be long or %ort at ! w ( ! speak]4 ,by a %ort consonant ,i mean "o ^: s\nd _c be cont9u$ aft] a v[el1 su* z c or k p t1 z ac1 ap1 at--:il/ t ( long consonants c1 z1 el em en er ev1 c4--,%]idan's ,lectures on ,elocution1 p4 #eh4 ,%]idan "h =gets t bor'r[ is "o ( 8 examples ( %ort quantity4 ,murray admits t acc5t on a semi-v[el may make ! syllable long2 & 8 semiv[els are ^!3 f1 l1 m1 n1 r1 v1 s1 z1 x1 & c & g s(t4 ,see 8 ,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bdj & p4 #h4 #dih ,on acc\nt ( ! diff]5t uses made ( ! breve1 ! macron1 & ! acc5ts1 "o gramm>ian has propos$ a new mode ( m>k+ poetic quantities4 ,some?+ ( ! k9d might be useful2 b !re seems to be a rev]sal ( ord] 9 ?is s*eme1 ! macrotone be+ "h made light1 & ! /5otone d>k & heavy4 ,long & %ort syllables h sometimes be5 designat$ by ! same m>ks :i* are us$ = acc5t1 tones1 & ! quality ( ! v[els2 b x w be bett]1 to prev5t confusion1 to use diff]5t m>ks4 ,?is m>k may repres5t a long syllable1 & ?is a %ort syllable2 z1 ',at ! close ( ! day :5 ! hamlet is /ill4' --,p]ley's ,gram41 p4 #gc4 no ov] 'let'1 sic--,,k? #dii ,dr4 ,adam's ,gram41 p4 #bfg2 ,b4 ,a4 ,g\ld's1 #beg4 ,! ,lat9 ^w csura signifies a cutt+1 or division4 ,?is "n is sometimes ,angliciz$1 & writt5 ,cesure4 ,see ,brightl&'s ,gram41 p4 #afa2 or ,worce/]'s ,dict41 w4 ,cesure4 #ejj ,z to ! long quantity aris+ f ! succession ( two consonants1 :i* ! anci5ts are uni=m 9 ass]t+1 if x did n mean t ! prec$+ v[el 0 to l5g!n its s\nd1 z we %\ld d by pron\nc+ ! a 9 scatt] z we d 9 skat]1 7"o :o skates17 ,i h no conception ( :at x meant2 = if x meant t only ! "t ( ! syllable 0 prolong$1 ! v[el reta9+ ! same s\nd1 ,i mu/ confess z ut er sic--,,k? an inability ( compreh5d+ ?is s\rce ( quantity 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 z 9 ,engli%4--,walk] on ,gr4 & ,l4 ,acc5t1 #bd2 ,key1 p4 #cca4 ,?is di/+ui%$ au?or seems unwill+ to admit1 t ! consonants occupy "t 9 _! utt]ance1 or t o!r v[el s\nds ?an ^? :i* "n ! v[els1 c be protract$ & become long2 b ^! are tru?s1 nev]!less2 &1 s9ce e lett] adds some?+ to ! syllable 9 :i* x is utt]$1 x is by consequ5ce a s\rce ( quantity1 :e!r ! syllable be long or %ort4 #eja ,murray has "h a m>g9al note1 z foll[s3 ,movem5t & measure are ?us di/+ui%$4 ,movem5t expresses ! progressive ord] ( s\nds1 :e!r f /rong to weak1 f long to %ort1 or vice v]sa4 ,measure signifies ! proportion ( "t1 bo? 9 s\nds & pauses4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #bei4 ,?is di/9ction is nei!r usual nor accurate2 ?\gh ,humphrey adopts x1 ) slight v>iations4 ,)\t "s species ( measure1--,iambic1 ,tro*aic1 ,anape/ic1 ,dactylic1 or "s o!r1--!re c be no regul> movem5t1 no progressive ord] ( s\nds4 ,measure is !re=e too ess5tial to movem5t to be 9 contra/ ) x4 ,& ! movem5t f /rong to weak1 f long to %ort1 is b "o & ! same1 a tro*aic movem5t2 its rev]se1 ! movem5t1 vice v]sa1 f weak to /rong1 or f %ort to long1 is1 ( c\rse1 t ( iambic measure4 ,b ,murray's doctr9e is1 t /rong & long1 weak & %ort1 may be sep>at$2 t /rong may be %ort1 & weak be long2 s t ! movem5t f weak to /rong may be f long to %ort1 & vice v]sa3 z if a tro*aic movem5t might arise f iambic measure1 & an iambic movem5t f tro*aic feet6 ,?is absurdity comes ( attempt+ to regulate ! movem5t ( v]se by acc5t1 & n by quantity1 :ile x is admitt$ t quantity1 & n acc5t1 =ms ! measure1 :i* signifies ! proportion ( "t4 ,! idea t pauses belong to measure1 is an o!r radical error ( ! =ego+ note4 ,!re are m pauses 9 poetry ?an 9 prose1 b none ( !m are prop]ly p>ts ( ei!r4 ,humphrey says truly1 ,feet are ! con/itu5t p>ts ( v]se4--,engli% ,prosody1 p4 #h4 ,b ,l4 ,murray says1 ,feet & pauses are ! con/itu5t p>ts ( v]se4--,octavo ,gram41 p4 #beb4 ,"h ,%]idan gave bias4 ,int5d+ to treat ( v]se1 & ! pauses peculi>ly belong+ to x1 ! ,csural pause & ! ,f9al1 ! rhetorician _h improp]ly said1 ,! con/itu5t p>ts ( v]se are1 feet1 & pauses4--,%]idan's ,rhetorical ,gram41 p4 #fd4 #ejb ,b z _m ,ways z ,quantities may be v>i$ by ,composition & ,transposition1 s _m diff]5t ,feet h ! ,greek ,poets contriv'd1 & t "u di/9ct ,names1 f two to six ,syllables1 to ! ,numb] ( #abd4 ,b x is ! ,op9ion ( "s ,le>n$ ,m5 9 ?is ,way1 t ,poetic ,numb]s may be suffici5tly expla9'd by ^? ( two or ?ree ,syllables1 into :i* ! re/ are to be resolv'd4--,brightl&'s ,gramm>1 #g? ,ed41 p4 #afa4 #ejc ,,! ,,bells ,,( ,,/4 ,,pet]sburgh4 ,^? ev'n+ bells1 ^? ev'n+ bells1 ,h[ _m a tale _! music tells6--,moore's ,melodies1 p4 #bfc4 ,?is c\plet1 l all ! re/ ( ! piece f :i* x is tak51 is iambic v]se1 & to be divid$ into feet ?us3-- ,^? ev' -n+ bells1 ^? ev' -n+ bells1 ,h[ man -y a tale _! mu -sic tells6 #ejd ,"l ,kames1 too1 speak+ ( ,engli% ,h]oic v]se1 says3 ,e l9e consi/s ( t5 syllables1 five %ort & five long2 f :i* rule !re are b two exceptions1 bo? ( !m r>e4--,elem5ts ( ,criticism1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #hi4 #eje ,! ,lat9 is a f> m /ately tongue ?an our own4 ,x is ess5tially spondaic2 ! ,engli% is z ess5tially dactylic4 ,! long syllable is ! _s ( ! ,roman 7& ,greek7 v]se2 ! %ort syllable is ! ess5ce ( ours4--,poe's ,notes ^u ,engli% ,v]se2 ,pione]1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #aaj4 ,we mu/ se>* = spondaic words1 :i*1 9 ,engli%1 are r>e inde$4--,ib41 p4 #aaa4 #ejf ,!re is a rule1 9 ,lat9 prosody1 t a v[el be=e two consonants is long4 ,we mod]ns h n only no su* rule1 b pr(ess inability to compreh5d its rationale4--,poe's ,notes3 ,pione]1 p4 #aab4 #ejg ,! oppon5ts ( capital puni%m5t w h>dly take ?is = a fair v]sion ( ! six? comm&m5t4--,g4 ,b4 #ejh ,^! v]sicles1 except ! two :i* are ,italiciz$1 are n iambic4 ,! o!rs are p>tly tro*aic2 &1 accord+ to _m ( our prosodi/s1 :olly s2 b x is que/ionable :e!r !y are n z prop]ly amphimacric1 or ,cretic4 #eji ,see ex]cises 9 ,punctuation1 on page #ghf1 ( ?is "w4--,g4 ,b4 #eaj ,! ,sev5tie? ,psalm is ! same z ! la/ five v]ses ( ! ,=tie?1 except a few unimportant diff]5ces ( words or po9ts4 #eaa ,x is obvi\s1 t ^! two l9es may easily be r$uc$ to an agreeable /anza1 by simply divid+ ea* aft] ! f\r? foot--,g4 ,b4 #eab ,9 ,sanborn's ,analytical ,gramm>1 on page #bgi?1 ?is c\plet is ascrib$ to ,pope2 b ,i h s\ght 9 va9 = ?is quotation1 or any example ( simil> v]se1 9 ! works ( t poet4 ,! l9es1 "o or bo? ( !m1 appe>1 )\t ref]5ce1 9 ,l4 ,murray's ,gramm>1 ,second ,edition1 #agif1 p4 #agf1 & 9 subsequ5t editions2 9 ,w4 ,all5's1 p4 #bbe2 ,bullions's1 #agh2 ,n4 ,butl]'s1 #aib2 ,*&l]'s ,new1 #aif2 ,cl>k's1 #bja2 ,*ur*ill's1 #ahg2 ,coop]'s ,practical1 #ahe2 ,davis's1 #acg2 ,f>num's1 #ajf2 ,felton's1 #adb2 ,frazee's1 #ahd2 ,fro/'s1 #afd2 ,s4 ,s4 ,gre5e's1 #bej2 ,hallock's1 #bdd2 ,h>t's1 #ahg2 ,hiley's1 #abg2 ,humphrey's ,prosody1 #ag2 ,p>k] & ,fox's ,gram41 ,"p iii1 p4 #fj2 ,weld's1 #baa2 ,ditto ,abridg$1 #ach2 ,wells's1 #bjj2 ,f[l]'s1 #feh2 & d\btless 9 _m o!r su* books4 #eac ,ow5 succe$$ 8 fa!r ,griff9 9 ! pr9cipality ( ,nor? ,wales1 ,a4 ,d4 #aabj4 ,?is battle 0 f\ght ne> =ty ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,nor? ,wales is call$1 9 ! f\r? l9e1 ',gwyne?2' & ',lo*l91' 9 ! f\rte5?1 is ,d5m>k4--,gray4 ,"s say ,lo*l91 9 ! ,annals ( ,ul/]1 means ,norway4--,g4 ,b4 #ead ,! r$ dragon is ! device ( ,cadwallad]1 :i* all 8 desc5dants bore on _! bann]s4--,gray4 #eae ,?is passage1 or "s "p ( x1 is giv5 z a tro*aic example1 9 _m diff]5t sy/ems ( prosody4 ,ev]ett ascribes x entire to ,john ,*alkhill2 & ,nutt+1 m ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e1 _h atta*$ ! "n ( ,*alkhill to a "p ( x4 ,b ! six l9es ( ?ree syllables1 ,dr4 ,johnson1 9 8 ,gramm>1 cr$its to ,walton's ,angl]2 & ,bicknell1 too1 ascribes ! same to ,walton4 ,! read+s also h become v>i\s4 ,johnson1 ,bicknell1 ,burn1 ,*ur*ill1 & ,nutt+1 h ,"h = ,:]e 9 ! fif? l9e above2 & ,bicknell & ,burn h ,/op 9 ! eigh? l9e1 :]e ! re/ read ,/ops4 ,nutt+ has1 = ! n9? l9e1 ,o!rs' joys1 & n1 ,o!r joys1 z h ! re/4--,g4 ,b4 #eaf ,,obs4--,( ?is1 & ( e o!r example :i* requires no am5dm5t1 let ! le>n] simply say1 aft] read+ ! passage1 ,?is s5t5ce is correct z x /&s4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #eag ,,obs]vation4--,9 ! ,bible1 ! ^w ,,"l1 :5ev] x /&s = ! ,hebrew "n ,,jehovah1 n only comm5ces ) a full capital1 b has small or half capitals = ! o!r lett]s2 & ,i h ?\ght prop] to pr9t bo? words 9 t mann] "h4 ,9 correct+ ! la/ example1 ,i foll[ ,dr4 ,scott's ,bible1 except 9 ! ^w ,god1 :i* he writes ) a small g4 ,sev]al o!r copies h fir/ & la/ ) small initials1 :i* ,i ?9k n s correct2 & "s di/+ui% ! ^w ho/s ) a capital1 :i* seems to be ne$less4 ,! s5t5ce "h has elev5 capitals3 9 ! ,lat9 ,vulgate1 x has b six1 & "o ( !m is = ! la/ ^w1 ,deus1 ,god4--,g4 ,b4 #eah ,,obs4--,?is con/ruction ,i dislike4 ,)\t hyph5s1 x is improp]2 & ) !m x is n to be comm5d$4 ,see ,syntax1 ,obs #bd? on ,rule ,,iv4--,g4 ,b4 #eai ,on ! page "h ref]r$ to1 ! au?or ( ! ,gazette] has writt5 ,*>les city1 c4 ,analogy requires t ! words be comp\nd$1 because !y con/itute ?ree names :i* are appli$ to c\nties1 & n to cities4 #ebj ,,obs4--,! foll[+ words1 z names ( t[ns1 come "u ,rule #f?1 & are commonly f\nd correctly comp\nd$ 9 ! books ( ,scot* geography & /ati/ics2 ,/ra?av51 ,/onehav51 ,/ra?don1 ,gl5luce1 ,gre5law1 ,cold/ream1 ,lo*w9no*1 ,lo*c>ron1 ,loehmab]1 ,pre/onpans1 ,pre/onkirk1 ,pet]head1 ,que5sf]ry1 ,newmills1 & _m m l !m4 #eba ,section ,,obs4--,?is "n1 9 bo? ! ,vulgate & ! ,septuag9t1 is ,ph>ao ,ne*ao1 ) two capitals & no hyph54 ,walk] gives ! two words sep>ately 9 8 ,key1 & spells ! latt] ,ne*o1 & n ,ne*oh4 ,see ! same or?ography 9 ,j]41 xlvi1 #b4 ,9 our common ,bibles1 _m su* names are ne$lessly1 if n improp]ly1 comp\nd$2 sometimes ) "o capital1 & sometimes ) two4 ,! prop] mann] ( writ+ ,scripture names1 is too little reg>d$ ev5 by good m5 & biblical critics4 #ebb ,m>cus ,t]5tius ,v>ro1 vir ,romanorum eruditissimus4--,,qu9tilian4 ,lib4 x1 ,cap4 #a1 p4 #egg4 #ebc ,,note4--,by ?is am5dm5t1 we remove a multitude ( errors1 b ! passage is /ill v faulty4 ,:at ,murray "h calls phrases1 are prop]ly s5t5ces2 &1 9 8 second clause1 he des]ts ! t]ms ( ! fir/ to br+ 9 my1 our1 & also c41 :i* seem to be out ( place !re4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ebd ,an o!r is a phrase ( two words1 :i* ought to be writt5 sep>ately4 ,! transf]r+ ( ! n to ! latt] ^w1 is a gross vulg>ism4 ,sep>ate ! words1 & x w be avoid$4 #ebe ,mys-t]-y1 accord+ to ,scott & ,cobb2 mys-te-ry1 accord+ to ,walk] & ,worce/]4 #ebf ,kirkham borr[$ ?is doctr9e ( ,tonics1 ,subtonics1 & ,atonies1 f ,ru%3 & dress$ x up 9 8 own worse bomba/4 ,see ,obs4 #ac & #ad1 on ! ,p[]s ( ! ,lett]s4--,,gb4 #ebg ,!re is1 9 mo/ ,engli% diction>ies1 a contract$ =m ( ?is phrase1 writt5 pri!e1 or ,i pri!e2 b ,dr4 ,johnson c5sures x z a famili> corruption1 :i* "s writ]s h injudici\sly us$2 &1 z ! abbreviation am\nt$ to no?+ b ! slurr+ ( "o v[el s\nd into an o!r1 x has n[1 ,i ?9k1 v des]v$ly become obsolete4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ebh ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ,murray1 & 8 hundr$ copyi/s2 b x is by no means g5]ally true4 ,x is true ( adv]bs1 only :5 !y are connect$ by conjunctions2 & seldom applies to two words1 unless ! conjunction :i* may be said to connect !m1 be suppress$ & und]/ood4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ebi ,example3 ,imp]fect articulation comes n s mu* f bad organs1 z f ! abuse ( good ones4--,port]'s ,analysis4 ,"h ones repres5ts organs1 & prev5ts unpleasant repetition4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ecj ,f ! =ce ( habit1 or to prev5t ! possibility ( a false pronunciation1 ^! ocul> contractions are /ill sometimes c>efully made 9 pr9t+ poetry2 b !y are n v important1 & "s mod]n au?ors1 or _! pr9t]s1 disreg>d !m altoge!r4 ,9 correct+ %ort poetical examples1 ,i %all 9 g5]al take no p>ticul> pa9s to di/+ui% !m f prose4 ,all ne$ful contractions h[ev] w be pres]v$1 & sometimes also a capital lett]1 to %[ :]e ! au?or comm5c$ a l9e4 #eca ,! ^w imp]fect is n really necess>y "h2 = ! decl>ation is true ( any phrase1 z ?is "n is commonly appli$4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ecb ,a "p ( spee* is a sort ( words1 & n "o ^w only4 ,we _c say1 t e pron\n1 or e v]b1 is a "p ( spee*1 because ! p>ts ( spee* are only t54 ,b e pron\n1 v]b1 or o!r ^w1 is a ^w2 &1 if we w ref] to ?is g5us1 !re is no difficulty 9 def9+ all ! p>ts ( spee* 9 ! s+ul>1 ) an or a3 z1 ,a pron\n is a ^w put = a n\n4 ,murray & o!rs say1 ,an ,adv]b is a "p ( spee*1 c41 ,a ,conjunction is a "p ( spee*1 c41 :i* is ! same z to say1 ,"o adv]b is a sort ( words1 c4 ,?is is a palpable absurdity4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ecc ,! propriety ( ?is conjunction1 nor1 is some:at que/ionable3 ! read+ 9 bo? ! ,vulgate & ! ,septuag9t is--!y1 & _! wives1 & _! sons1 & _! daught]s4 #ecd ,all our lexicograph]s1 & all accurate au?ors1 spell ?is ^w ) an o2 b ! g5tleman :o has furni%$ u ) ! la/ set ( new t]ms = ! sci5ce ( gramm>1 writes x ) an e1 & applies x to ! v]b & ! p>ticiple4 ,) him1 e v]b or p>ticiple is an ass]t]2 except :5 he =gets 8 cre$1 z he did 9 writ+ ! prec$+ example ab\t c]ta9 v]bs4 ,z he *anges ! names ( all ! p>ts ( spee*1 & d5\nces ! entire te*nology ( gramm>1 p]haps 8 innovation w\ld h be5 suffici5tly broad1 _h he = ,,! ,,v]b1 ! mo/ important class ( all1 adopt$ "s "n :i* he knew h[ to spell4--,g4 ,b4 #ece ,x w\ld be bett] to omit ! ^w =?1 or else to say--:om ,i br\ght =? f ! l& ( ,egypt4 ,! phrase1 =? out (1 is nei!r a v common nor a v t]se "o4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ecf ,?is doctr9e1 t p>ticiples divide & specify "t1 ,i h else:]e %[n to be errone\s4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ecg ,p]haps x w\ld be z well or bett]1 9 correct+ ^! two examples1 to say1 ,!re are a g5]ation4 ,b ! article a1 z well z ! lit]al =m ( ! n\n1 is a sign ( unity2 & a complete uni=mity ( numb]s is n "h practicable4 #ech ,?\gh ! pron\n ?\ is n mu* us$ 9 common disc\rse1 x is z prop] = ! gramm>ian to consid] & %[1 :at =m ( ! v]b belongs to x :5 x is s us$1 z x is = him to det]m9e :at =m is adapt$ to any o!r pron\n1 :5 a diff]5ce ( /yle affects ! "q4 #eci ,=gave/1 z ! read+ is 9 our common ,bible1 appe>s to be wrong2 because ! relative t & its antec$5t ,god are ( ! ?ird p]son1 & n ( ! second4 #edj ,all ! corrections "u ?is head are directly contr>y to ! tea*+ ( ,william ,s4 ,c>dell4 ,oliv] ,b4 ,peirce1 & p]haps "s o!r su* writ]s on gramm>2 & "s ( !m are contr>y also to ,murray's late editions4 ,b ,i am confid5t t ^! au?ors tea* errone\sly2 t _! use ( indicative =ms = m]e suppositions t are contr>y to ! facts1 is positively ungrammatical2 & t ! pot5tial imp]fect is less elegant1 9 su* in/ances1 ?an ! simple subjunctive1 :i* !y reject or di/ort4 #eda ,?is is :at ,smi? mu/ h meant by ! inaccurate phrase1 ^? 9 ! fir/4 ,= 8 fir/ example is1 ,he w5t to s*ool2 :i* conta9s only ! "o pron\n ,he4--,see ,smi?'s ,new ,gram41 p4 #ai4 #edb ,accord+ to mod]n usage1 has w\ld "h be bett] ?an is1--?\gh is fall5 is /ill all[able4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #edc ,f ?is op9ion1 ,i diss5t4 ,see ,obs4 #a/ on ! ,degrees ( ,comp>ison1 & ,obs4 #d? on ,regul> ,comp>ison1 9 ! ,etymology ( ?is "w1 at pp4 #bgi & #bhe4--;,g4 ,,br[n4 #edd ,! c\ntry looks beautiful2' t is1 appe>s beautiful--is beautiful4 ,?is is "r1 & !re=e ! use :i* ,bucke makes ( x1 may be fairly rev]s$4 ,b ! example 0 ill *os52 & ,i incl9e to ?9k1 x may also be "r to say1 ,! c\ntry looks beautifully2 = ! quality express$ by beautiful1 is no?+ else ?an ! mann] 9 :i* ! ?+ %[s to ! eye4 ,see ,obs4 #aa? on ,rule #i?4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #ede ,_m examples & au?orities may be cit$ 9 fav\r ( ^! corrections2 z1 ,he act$ indep5d5tly ( =eign assi/ance4-- ,murray's ,key1 ,gram41 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #bbb4 ,indep5d5tly ( any necess>y relation4--,murray's ,gram41 ,vol4 i4 p4 #bge4 ,indep5d5tly ( ?is peculi> mode ( con/ruction4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #dgc4 ,indep5d5t ( ! w ( ! p4--,web/]'s ,essays1 p4 #ac4 ,indep5d5t "o ( an o!r4--,b>clay's ,works1 i1 #hd4 ,! inf9itive is (t5 indep5d5t ( ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce4--,l5nie's ,gram41 p4 #he4 ,"s s5t5ces are indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4--,murray's ,gram41 i1 #bgg4 ,z if x 7 indep5d5t ( x--,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #ahf4 ,indep5d5t ( appe>ance & %[4--,blair's ,rhet41 p4 #ac4 #edf ,! preposition ( :i* ,jeff]son uses be=e ab\t1 appe>s to me to be useless4 ,x does n gov]n ! n\n diamet]1 & is !re=e no sub/itute = ! 9 :i* ,i suppose to be want+2 &1 z ! preposition ab\t seems to be suffici5t betwe5 is & feet1 ,i omit ! (4 ,s 9 o!r in/ances bel[4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #edg ,murray1 ,jamieson1 & o!rs1 h ?is def9ition ) ! article a1 & ! comma1 b )\t ! hyph53 ,,apo/rophe is a turn+ (f f ! regul> c\rse1 c4 ,see errors "u ,note #d? to ,rule #bj?4 #edh ,?is s5t5ce may be writt5 correctly 9 a doz5 diff]5t ways1 ) precisely ! same mean+1 & v ne>ly ! same words4 ,i h "h made ! n\n gold ! object ( ! v]b took1 :i* 9 ! orig9al appe>s to gov]n ! n\n treasure1 or money1 und]/ood4 ,! n\n am\nt might z well be made its object1 by a suppression ( ! preposition to4 ,& aga91 = p\nds' weight1 we may say1 p\nds 9 weight4 ,! words w also admit ( _m o!r positions4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #edi ,see a diff]5t read+ ( ?is example1 cit$ z ! fir/ item ( false syntax "u ,rule #af? above1 & !re correct$ diff]5tly4 ,! words bo? (1 :i* make ! diff]5ce1 7 probably add$ by ,l4 ,murray 9 "s ( 8 revisals2 & yet x does n appe> t ?is popul> critic ev] got ! s5t5ce "r4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #eej ,if su* maxims1 & su* practices prevail1 :at has become ( national lib]ty8--,hume's ,hi/ory4 ,vol4 vi1 p4 #bed2 ,prie/ley's ,gram41 p4 #abh4 #eea ,accord+ to my notion1 b is nev] a preposition2 b !re are "s :o ?9k o!rwise4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #eeb ,cm ve/i]is te cocc9o1 cm ornata fu]is monili aureo1 et p9x]is /ibio oculos tuos1 fru/ra componris4--,vulgate4 ,greek3 ,en p]ibli kkk9on1 ka kosm'si ksmwi *ryswi en eg*rsi /bi tos oph?almos s\ es mtaion wrasms s\4--,septuag9t4 ,quoique tu te revtes de p\rpre1 que tu te p>es d'ornem5s d'or1 et que tu te peignes les yeux avec du f>d1 tu t'embellis en va94--,fr5* ,bible4 #eec ,! ^w any is "h omitt$1 n m]ely because x is unnecess>y1 b because e any o!r piece1--) :i* a score ( our gramm>ians h pleas$ !mselves1--is n good ,engli%4 ,! impropriety might p]haps be avoid$1 ?\gh less elegantly1 by repeat+ ! preposition1 & say+1--or ( any o!r piece ( writ+4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #eed ,?is correction1 z well z ! o!rs :i* relate to :at ,murray says ( ! sev]al =ms ( ellipsis1 d\btless conveys ! s5se :i* he int5d$ to express2 b1 z an ass]tion1 x is by no means true ( all ! examples :i* he subjo9s1 nei!r inde$ are ! re/4 ,b t is a fault ( 8 :i* ,i _c correct4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #eee ,! article may be repeat$ 9 examples l ^!1 )\t produc+ impropriety2 b !n x w alt] ! con/ruction ( ! adjectives1 & r5d] ! expression m =mal & emphatic1 by sugge/+ a repetition ( ! n\n4--,g4 ,,br[n4 #eef ,! :ole numb] ( v]bs 9 ! ,engli% language1 regul> & irregul>1 simple & comp\nd$1 tak5 toge!r1 is ab\t #dcjj4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #ei2 ,murray's1 #abmo1 p4 #ih2 #hvo1 p4 #aji2 et al4 #eeg ,9 ,s+]'s ,%akspe>e1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #die1 ?is s5t5ce is express$ & po9t$ ?us3 ,o1 %ame6 :]e is ?y blu%8--,hamlet1 ,act ,,iii1 ,sc4 #d4 ,?is is z if ! speak] meant1 ,o6 x is a %ame6 :]e is ?y blu%8 ,su* is n ! s5se above2 = !re ,%ame is ! p]son address$4 #eeh ,if1 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 ! colon 7 sub/itut$ = ! latt] semicolon1 ! curves might well be sp>$4 ,l[? has a simil> passage1 :i* 7bat+ a ne$ful v>iation ( guillemets7 he po9t$ ?us3 z ----1 z2 express+ a comp>ison ( equality2 'z :ite z sn[3' z ----1 s2 express+ a comp>ison sometimes ( equality2 'z ! />s1 s %all ?y se$ be2' t is1 equal 9 numb]3 b c4--,l[?'s ,gram41 p4 #aji4 ,murray1 :o broke ?is passage into p>agraphs1 reta9$ at fir/ ^! semicolons1 b aft]w>ds *ang$ !m all to colons4 ,( lat] gramm>ians1 "s reta9 ! =m] colon 9 ea* s5t5ce2 "s1 ! latt]2 & "s1 nei!r4 ,hiley po9ts ?us3 ,z requires z1 express+ equality2 z1 ',he is z good z %e4'--,hiley's ,e4 ,gram41 p4 #ajg4