,,on ,,compromise ',x makes all ! diff]5ce 9 ! _w :e!r we put ,tru? 9 ! fir/ place or 9 ! second place4' ,,:atley ,,on ,,compromise ,,by ,,john ,,morley ,,macmillan ,,& ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,/4 ,,m>t9',s ,,/reet1 ,,london #aijh ,?is ,edition fir/ pr9t$ #ahhf ,,note4 ,! writ] has avail$ himself ( ! opportunity ( a new edition to add ?ree or f\r additional illu/rations 9 ! footnotes4 ,! criticisms on ! fir/ edition call = no rem>k1 except+ ?is1 p]haps1 t ! pres5t little volume has no pret5sions to be any?+ m ?an an ,essay4 ,to judge su* x p]=mance z if x pr(ess$ to be an exhau/ive ,treatise 9 casui/ry1 is to subject x to te/s :i* x 0 nev] design$ to be>4 ,m]ely to op5 que/ions1 to indicate po9ts1 to sugge/ cases1 to sket* outl9es1--z an ,essay does all ^! ?+s1--may (t5 be a process n )\t its own mode/ usefulness & int]e/4 ,may #d1 #ahgg4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,design ( ?is ,essay ,! "q /at$ ,sugge/$ by "s exi/+ t5d5cies 9 ,engl& ,comp>ison ) o!r c\ntries ,te/ ( ?is comp>ison ,! abs5t quality specifically def9$ ,hi/ory & decay ( "s rec5t aspirations ,illu/rations ,*>act]i/ics ( "o pres5t mood ,analysis ( its causes 7#a7 ,influ5ce ( ,fr5* examples 7#b7 ,influ5ce ( ! ,hi/oric ,me?od 7#c7 ,influ5ce ( ! ,newspap] ,press 7#d7 ,increase ( mat]ial prosp]ity 7#e7 ,trans=mation ( ! spiritual basis ( ?\ght 7#f7 ,influ5ce ( a ,/ate ,*ur* ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,possible ,,utility ,,( ,,error ,que/ions ( a dual doctr9e lies at ! outset ( our inquiry ,?is doctr9e =mulat$ ,m>ks ! triumph ( /atus quo ,psy*ological v9dication ( su* a doctr9e ,answ]$ by ass]tion ( ! dogmatic "* ( popul> belief ,& ! p]nici\s social influ5ce ( its prie/s ,! root idea ( ! def5d]s ( a dual doctr9e ,!sis ( ! pres5t *apt]1 aga9/ t idea ,exam9ation ( "s ( ! pleas = error ,i4 ,t a false op9ion may be clo!d ) good associations ,,ii4 ,t all m9ds are n op5 to reason ,,iii4 ,t a false op9ion1 consid]$ 9 relation to ! g5]al m5tal attitude1 may be less hurtful ?an its premature demolition ,,iv4 ,t m]e negative tru? is n a guide ,v4 ,t error has be5 a /epp+-/one to tru? ,we _c tell h[ mu* tru? has be5 miss$ ,inevitabl5ess is n utility ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,intellectual ,,responsibility ,,& ,,! ,,political ,,_s4 ,! mod]n discipl9a arcani ,hume's immoral advice ,evil intellectual effects ( immoral compromise ,depravation t foll[s its gross] =ms ,! ?ree prov9ces ( compromise ,radical importance ( _! sep>ation ,effects ( _! confusion 9 practical politics ,economy or managem5t 9 ! ,=mation ( op9ion ,its lawfulness turns on ! claims ( majority & m9ority ov] "o ano!r ,!sis ( ! pres5t *apt] ,its importance1 ow+ to ! supremacy ( ! political _s 9 ,engl& ,effects ( ! pr$om9ance ( ?is _s ,contra/$ ) epo*s ( intellectual responsibility ,a mod]n movem5t aga9/ ! political _s ,an objection consid]$ ,importance to "* ( rationalis$ conviction1 & ( ideals ,! abs5ce ( !m att5uates conduct ,illu/rations 9 mod]n politics ,mod]n latitud9>ianism ,illu/ration 9 two supreme issues ,pascal's rem>ks ^u a /ate ( ,d\bt ,dr4 ,newman on ! same ,?ree ways ( deal+ ) ! issues ,ano!r illu/ration ( intellectual improbity ,! ,savoy>d ,vic> ,mis*iev\sness ( sub/itut+ spiritual self-indulg5ce = reason ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,religi\s ,,con=mity4 ,compromise 9 ,expression ,t\*es religion r ?an politics ,hume on non-resi/ance ,reason :y rights ( free spee* d n exactly co9cide ) rights ( free ?\ght ,digression into ! matt] ( free spee* ,diss5t no long] rail+ & vitup]ative ,t5d5cy ( mod]n free ?\ght to assimilate "s elem5ts f ! old fai? ,a wide brea* /ill rema9s ,h]esy1 h[ev]1 no long] trac$ to depravity ,tol]ance n necess>ily acquiesc5ce 9 scepticism ,object ( ! =ego+ digression ,! r>ity ( pla9-speak+ a reason :y x is pa9ful ,con=mity 9 ! relation%ip betwe5 *ild & p>5t ,betwe5 husb& & wife ,9 ! education ( *ildr5 ,! case ( an unbeliev+ prie/ ,! case ( "o :o fe>s to lose 8 influ5ce ,con=mity n h>mless nor unimportant ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,realisation ,,( ,,op9ion4 ,! application ( op9ion to conduct ,temp]+ consid]ations ,n to be press$ too f> ,our action 9 realis+ our op9ions dep5ds on our social !ory ,legitimate & illegitimate compromise 9 view ( t ,! di/9ction equally s\nd on ! evolutional !ory ,condition ( progressive *ange ,a plea = compromise exam9$ ,a second plea ,! allegation ( provisional usefulness exam9$ ,illu/rat$ 9 religi\s in/itutions ,9 political in/itutions ,burke's comm5dation ( political compromise ,! say+ t small re=ms may be ! wor/ enemies ( great ones ,9 :at s5se true ,illu/ration 9 ! ,elem5t>y ,education ,act ,wisdom ( social pati5ce ,! consid]ations :i* apply to political practice d n apply to our own lives ,nor to ! publication ( social op9ions ,! am\nt ( consci5ce 9 a community ,evil ( att5uat+ ?is elem5t ,hi/oric illu/ration ,new side ( ! discussion ,is e>ne/ness ( conviction fatal to concession ( lib]ty to o!rs8 ,two propositions at ! base ( an affirmative answ] ,e>ne/ness ( conviction consi/5t ) s5se ( liability to error ,belief 9 "o's own infallibility does n necess>ily lead to intol]ance ,! contr>y notion due to juri/ic analogies 9 social discussion ,connection betwe5 ! doctr9e ( lib]ty & social evolution ,! timid compromis]s sup]flu\s appreh5sion ,mat]ial limits to ! effect ( moral speculation ,illu/ration f ! hi/ory ( ,slav]y ,illu/ration f ,fr5* hi/ory ,practical influ5ce ( a fai? 9 ! self-protect+ quality ( a society ,conclusion ,,note ,,to ,,page #bdb4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ,lib]ty ,,on ,,compromise4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introductory4 ,! design ( ! foll[+ essay is to consid]1 9 a %ort & direct way1 "s ( ! limits t are set by s\nd reason to ! practice ( ! v>i\s arts ( accommodation1 economy1 managem5t1 con=mity1 or compromise4 ,! "r ( ?9k+ freely & act+ indep5d5tly1 ( us+ our m9ds )\t excessive awe ( au?ority1 & %ap+ our lives )\t unque/ion+ ob$i5ce to cu/om1 is n[ a f9ally accept$ pr9ciple 9 "s s5se or o!r ) e s*ool ( ?\ght t has ! smalle/ *ance ( comm&+ ! future4 ,"u :at circum/ances does ! ex]cise & v9dication ( ! "r1 ?us conc$$ 9 !ory1 become a positive duty 9 practice8 ,if ! majority are b\nd to tol]ate diss5t f ! rul+ op9ions & beliefs1 "u :at conditions & )9 :at limitations is ! diss5ti5t imp]atively b\nd to avail himself ( ?is tol]ation8 ,h[ f>1 & 9 :at way1 ought respect ei!r = imm$iate practical conv5i5ce1 or = curr5t prejudices1 to weigh aga9/ respect = tru?8 ,= h[ mu* is x well t ! individual %\ld all[ ! feel+s & convictions ( ! _m to c\nt1 :5 he comes to %ape1 to express1 & to act ^u 8 own feel+s & convictions8 ,are we only to be p]mitt$ to def5d g5]al pr9ciples1 on condition t we draw no practical inf]5ces f !m8 ,is e o!r idea to yield prec$5ce & empire to exi/+ circum/ances1 & is ! imm$iate & univ]sal workabl5ess ( a policy to be ! ma9 te/ ( its intr9sic fitness8 ,to attempt to answ] all ^! que/ions fully w\ld be no?+ less ?an to attempt a comp5dium ( life & duty 9 all _! details1 a ,summa ( cases ( consci5ce1 a guide to d\bt]s at e po9t ( ! compass4 ,! aim ( ! pres5t writ] is a comp>atively mode/ "o2 namely1 to seek "o or two ( ! mo/ g5]al pr9ciples :i* ought to regulate ! practice ( compliance1 & to sugge/ "s ( ! be>+s :i* !y may h 9 _! application to c]ta9 difficulties 9 mod]n matt]s ( conduct4 ,x is pretty pla9 t an inquiry ( ?is k9d ne$s to be fix$ by ref]5ce to a giv5 set ( social circum/ances tol]ably well und]/ood4 ,!re are "s common rules z to ! exp$i5cy ( compromise & con=mity1 b _! application is a matt] ( endless v>iety & ! wide/ ela/icity4 ,! int]e/+ & useful ?+ is to f9d ! relation ( ^! too vague rules to actual conditions2 to trans=m !m into practical guides & real int]pret]s ( :at is "r & be/ 9 ?\ght & conduct1 9 a special & def9ite k9d ( em]g5cy4 ,accord+ to ! curr5t assumptions ( ! writ] & ! prea*]1 ! "o comm&+ law is t m5 %\ld cl+ to tru? & "r1 if ! v heav5s fall4 ,9 pr9ciple ?is is univ]sally accept$4 ,to ! p>tisans ( au?ority & tradition x is z mu* a commonplace z to ! p>tisans ( ! mo/ absolute & unfl9*+ rationalism4 ,yet 9 practice all s*ools alike are =c$ to admit ! necessity ( a measure ( accommodation 9 ! v int]e/s ( tru? itself4 ,fanatic is a "n ( su* ill repute1 exactly because "o :o des]ves to be call$ by x injures good causes by refus+ timely & h>mless concession2 by irritat+ prejudices t a wis] way ( urg+ 8 own op9ion might h turn$ aside2 by mak+ no all[ances1 respect+ no motives1 & recognis+ none ( ^? qualify+ pr9ciples1 :i* are no?+ less ?an necess>y to make 8 own pr9ciple true & fitt+ 9 a giv5 society4 ,! int]e/+ "q 9 connection ) compromise obvi\sly turns ^u ! plac+ ( ! b\nd>y t divides wise susp5se 9 =m+ op9ions1 wise res]ve 9 express+ !m1 & wise t>d9ess 9 try+ to realise !m1 f unav[$ dis+5u\sness & self-illusion1 f volunt>y dissimulation1 & f indol5ce & pusillanimity4 ,^! are ! ?ree dep>tm5ts or prov9ces ( compromise4 ,our subject is a "q ( b\nd>ies4#a ,& ?is "q1 be+ ma9ly "o ( "t & circum/ance1 may be mo/ satisfactorily discuss$ 9 relation to ! "t & ! circum/ances :i* we "k be/1 or at lea/ ^: defici5cies & requirem5ts are mo/ press+ly visible to u4 ,?\gh ,engl& c\nts h] full %>e ( fe>less tru?-seek]s 9 mo/ dep>tm5ts ( inquiry1 yet !re is on ! :ole no weak5+1 b a r m>k$ confirmation1 ( :at has become an invet]ate national *>act]i/ic1 & has long be5 recognis$ z su*2 a pr(\nd di/ru/1 namely1 ( all g5]al pr9ciples2 a pr(\nd dislike bo? ( mu* ref]5ce to !m1 & ( any disposition to inve/ !m ) practical au?ority2 & a sil5t b mo/ p]t9aci\s measurem5t ( philosophic tru?s by political te/s4 ',x is n at all easy1 humanly speak+1' says "o :o has tri$ ! exp]im5t1 'to w9d an ,engli%man up to ! level ( dogma4' ,! difficulty has ext5d$ fur!r ?an ! dogma ( !ology4 ,! suppos$ antagonism betwe5 exp$i5cy & pr9ciple has be5 press$ fur!r & fur!r away f ! little piece ( true mean+ t x ev] c\ld be rightly all[$ to h1 until x has n[ come to signify ! p>am\nt wisdom ( c\nt+ ! n>r[1 imm$iate1 & p]sonal exp$i5cy = ev]y?+1 & ! :ole1 g5]al1 ultimate1 & complet$ exp$i5cy = no?+4 ,pr9ciple is only ano!r "n = a proposition /at+ ! t]ms ( "o ( ^! l>g] exp$i5cies4 ,:5 pr9ciple is held 9 contempt1 or bani%$ to ! f> dreaml& ( ! philosoph] & ! /ud5t1 ) an affectation ( rev]5ce t 9 a mat]iali/ g5]ation is 9 tru? ! mo/ ov]we5+ k9d ( contempt1 ?is only means t m5 are ?9k+ mu* ( ! int]e/s ( to-day1 & little ( ! m ample int]e/s ( ! _m days to come4 ,x means t ! conditions ( ! "t are unfri5dly to ! p5etration & ! bread? ( vision :i* disclose to u ! :ole range ( consequ5ces t foll[ on c]ta9 k9ds ( action or op9ion1 & unfri5dly to ! intrepidity & dis9t]e/$ness :i* make u will+ to sacrifice our own pres5t ease or ne> conv5i5ce1 9 ! hope ( secur+ high] advantages = o!rs or = ourselves 9 ! future4 ,let u take politics1 = example4 ,:at is ! /ate ( ! case ) u1 if we look at national life 9 its broade/ aspect8 ,a ,g]man has 8 dream ( a great fa!rl& :i* %all n only be "o & consolidat$1 b %all 9 due season w9 fre$om = itself1 & be z a sacr$ he>? :5ce o!rs may borr[ ! w>m? ( fre$om & ord] = !mselves4 ,a ,spani>d has 8 vision ei!r ( militant loyalty to ,god & ! sa9ts & ! exil$ l9e ( 8 k+s1 or else ( devotion to ! newly won lib]ty & to ! rais+ up ( 8 fall5 nation4 ,an ,am]ican1 9 ! mid/ ( ! political corruption :i* = ! mom5t obscures ! great democratic exp]im5t1 yet has 8 imag9ation k9dl$ by ! size & res\rces ( 8 l&1 & 8 en?usiasm fir$ by ! high de/9ies :i* he believes to await its p 9 ! c5turies to come4 ,a ,fr5*man1 republican or royali/1 ) all 8 fr5zies & 'fool-fury' ( r$ or :ite1 /ill has 8 hope & dream & aspiration1 ) :i* to enl>ge 8 life & lift him on an ample p9ion out f ! circle ( a poor egoism4 ,:at /irs ! hope & moves ! aspiration ( our ,engli%man8 ,surely no?+ ei!r 9 ! heav5s above or on ! e>? b5ea?4 ,! ,engli% are z a p little susceptible 9 ! region ( ! imag9ation4 ,b !y h done good "w 9 ! _w1 acquir$ a spl5did hi/oric tradition ( /\t combat = good causes1 f\nd$ a mighty & b5efic5t empire2 & !y h done all ?is not)/&+ _! defici5cies ( imag9ation4 ,_! l&s h be5 ! home ( great & =lorn causes1 ?\gh !y c\ld n always foll[ ! transc5d5tal flights ( _! =eign allies & *ampions4 ,if ,engli%m5 7 n /rong 9 imag9ation1 !y 7 :at is bett] & sur]1 /rong 9 _! hold ( ! great emancipat+ pr9ciples4 ,:at great political cause1 h] own or ano!r's1 is ,engl& befri5d+ to-day8 ,to say t no great cause is left1 is to tell u t we h rea*$ ! f9al /age ( human progress1 & turn$ ov] ! la/ leaf 9 ! volume ( human improvem5ts4 ,! day :5 ?is is said & believ$ m>ks ! end ( a nation's life4 ,is x possible t1 aft] all1 our old prote/ant _s1 ) its rationality1 its au/]ity1 its /eady political en]gy1 has be5 /ruck ) some?+ ( ! mortal fatigue t seizes ca?olic societies aft] _! fits ( revolution8 ,we ne$ n =get ei!r ! atrocities or ! imbecilities :i* m>k ! c\rse ( mod]n politics on ! ,cont95t4 ,i am z ke5ly alive z any "o to ! levity ( ,france1 & ! ,greek3 hubris ( ,g]many4 ,x may be true t ! ord9>y ,fr5*man is 9 "s respects ! victim ( z poor an egoism z t ( ! ord9>y ,engli%man2 & t ! ,am]ican has no advantage ov] u 9 c]ta9 k9ds ( magnanim\s s5tim5t4 ,:at is important is ! m9d & attitude1 n ( ! ord9>y man1 b ( ^? :o %\ld be extraord9>y4 ,! decisive sign ( ! elevation ( a nation's life is to be s\ght among ^? :o lead or ought to lead4 ,! te/ ( ! heal? ( a p is to be f\nd 9 ! utt]ances ( ^? :o are its spokesm51 & 9 ! action ( ^? :om x accepts or *ooses to be its *iefs4 ,we h to look to ! magnitude ( ! issues & ! height ( ! int]e/s :i* engage its =emo/ spirits4 ,:at are ! be/ m5 9 a c\ntry /riv+ =8 ,& is ! /ruggle pursu$ intrepidly & ) a s5se ( its size & amplitude1 or ) creep+ foot & bl9k+ eye8 ,! answ] to ^! que/ions is ! answ] to ! o!r "q1 :e!r ! be/ m5 9 ! c\ntry are small or great4 ,x is a commonplace t ! mann] ( do+ ?+s is (t5 z important z ! ?+s done4 ,& x has be5 po9t$ out m ?an once t ,engl&'s mo/ cr$itable national action con/antly %[s itself s poor & mean 9 expression t ! re/ ( ,europe c disc]n no?+ 9 x b craft & s9i/] int]e/4 ,our public op9ion is (t5 ri* 9 wisdom1 b we lack ! c\rage ( our wisdom4 ,we execute noble a*ievem5ts1 & !n are be/ pleas$ to f9d %abby reasons = !m4 ,!re is a c]ta9 quality atta*+ alike to ?\ght & expression & action1 = :i* we may borr[ ! "n ( gr&eur4 ,x has be5 notic$1 = in/ance1 t ,bacon /rikes & impresses u1 n m]ely by ! sub/antial m]it ( :at he a*iev$1 b /ill m by a c]ta9 greatness ( s*eme & conception4 ,?is quality is n a m]e idle decoration4 ,x is n a !atrical artifice ( mask or busk91 to impose ^u u unreal impressions ( height & dignity4 ,! add$ greatness is real4 ,height ( aim & nobility ( expression are true =ces4 ,!y gr[ to be an obligation ^u u4 ,a l(ty s5se ( p]sonal wor? is "o ( ! sure/ elem5ts ( greatness4 ,t ! lion %\ld love to masqu]ade 9 ! ass's sk9 is n mode/y & res]ve1 b imbecility & degradation4 ,& t ,engl& %\ld wrap h]self 9 ! robe ( small causes & mean reasons is ! m deplorable1 because !re is no nation 9 ! _w ! sub/antial elem5ts ( ^: p[] are s maje/ic & imp]ial z our own4 ,our language is ! mo/ widely spok5 ( all tongues1 its lit]ature is second to none 9 v>iety & p[]4 ,our p1 :e!r ,engli% or ,am]ican1 h long ago sup]s$$ ! b>b>\s device ( dictator & ,caes> by ! manly arts ( self-gov]nm5t4 ,we und]/& t peace & indu/ry are ! two mo/ indisp5sable conditions ( mod]n civilisation1 & we draw ! l9es ( our policy 9 accordance ) su* a conviction4 ,we h _h impos$ ^u u by ! unlucky pr[ess ( our ance/ors ! task ( rul+ a va/ numb] ( millions ( ali5 dep5d5ts4 ,we und]take x ) a dis9t]e/$ness1 & execute x ) a skill ( adm9i/ration1 to :i* hi/ory supplies no p>allel1 & :i*1 ev5 if "t %\ld %[ t ! conditions ( ! problem 7 insoluble1 w /ill rema9 = ev] admirable4 ,all ^! are elem5ts ( true pre-em95ce4 ,!y are calculat$ to inspire u ) ! l(tie/ consci\sness ( national life4 ,!y ought to clo! our voice ) au?ority1 to n]ve our action by g5]\s resolution1 & to fill our c\nsels ) weight9ess & p[]4 ,)9 ! la/ =ty ye>s ,engl& has lo/ "o by "o ea* ( ^? en?usiasms :i* may h be5 illusions1--"s ( !m und\bt$ly 7 s1--b :i* at lea/ te/ifi$ to ! exi/5ce among u1 9 a v consid]able degree1 ( a vivid belief 9 ! possibility ( c]ta9 broad g5]al !ories be+ true & "r1 z well z 9 ! obligation ( mak+ !m lights to practical conduct & desire4 ,p a g5]ation ago _h eag] sympa?y ) ,hung>y1 ) ,italy1 ) ,pol&1 because !y 7 deeply impress$ by ! doctr9e ( nationalities4 ,!y _h aga9 a g5]\s & en]getic hatr$ ( su* an in/itution z ! negro slav]y ( ,am]ica1 because ju/ice & humanity & religion 7 too real & pot5t =ces )9 _! brea/s to all[ !m to li/5 to ^? political consid]ations by :i* ,am]ican /atesm5 us$ to ju/ify temporis+ & compromise4 ,!y _h /rong feel+s ab\t ,p>liam5t>y ,re=m1 because !y 7 p5etrat$ by ! pr9ciple t ! possession ( political p[] by ! bulk ( a society is ! only effective security aga9/ s9i/] gov]nm5t2 or else by ! pr9ciple t p>ticipation 9 public activity1 ev5 9 ! mode/ =m ( an ex]cise ( ! elective fran*ise1 is an elevat+ & in/ruct+ ag5cy2 or p]haps by ! pr9ciple t ju/ice dem&s t ^? :o are compell$ to obey laws & pay national taxes %\ld h a voice 9 mak+ ! "o & impos+ ! o!r4 ,x may be said t ! v fate ( ^! aspirations has _h a blight+ effect on public en?usiasm & ! capacity ( feel+ x4 ,n only h mo/ ( !m n[ be5 fulfill$1 & s pass$ f aspiration to actuality1 b ! results ( _! fulfilm5t h be5 s disappo9t+ z to make u wond] :e!r x is really wor? :ile to pray1 :5 to h our pray]s grant$ c>ries ! _w s v slight a way =w>d4 ,! ,au/rian is no long] 9 ,italy2 ! ,pope has ceas$ to be ma/] 9 ,rome2 ! patriots ( ,hung>y are n[ 9 possession ( _! rights1 & h become fri5ds ( _! old oppressors2 ! negro slave has be5 trans=m$ into an ,am]ican citiz54 ,at home1 aga91 ! gods h li/5$ to our v[s4 ,p>liam5t has be5 re=m$1 & ! long-desir$ me*anical security provid$ = ! vot]'s fre$om4 ,we no long] aspire aft] all ^! ?+s1 y may say1 because our hopes h be5 realis$ & our dreams h come true4 ,x is possible t ! comp>atively prosaic results be=e our eyes at ! end ( all h ?r[n a *ill ov] our political imag9ation4 ,:at seem$ s glori\s :5 x 0 f> (f1 seems p]haps a little poor n[ t x is ne>2 & ?is has damp$ ! w+ ( political fancy4 ,! old aspirations h vani%$1 & no new ones h aris5 9 _! place4 ,be ! cause :at x may1 ,i %\ld express ! *ange 9 ?is way1 t ! exi/+ ord] ( facts1 :atev] x may be1 n[ takes a h>dly disput$ prec$5ce ) u ov] ideas1 & t ! co>se/ political /&>d is und\bt+ly & f9ally appli$ ov] ! :ole realm ( human ?\ght4 ,! l9e tak5 up by ! press & ! gov]n+ classes ( ,engl& dur+ ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w> may s]ve to illu/rate ! k9d ( mood :i* we conceive to be ga9+ firm] hold ?an ev] ( ! national m9d4 ,^? :o sympa?is$ ) ! ,s\!rn ,/ates li/5$ only to political argum5ts1 & v n>r[ & ineffici5t political argum5ts1 z x happ5$1 :5 !y ought to h se5 t "h 0 an issue :i* involv$ n only political ideas1 b moral & religi\s ideas z well4 ,t is to say1 ! ord9>y political te/s 7 n en\gh to reveal ! entire significance ( ! crisis1 nor 7 ! political /&>ds prop] = measur+ ! :ole ( ! exp$i5cies hang+ 9 ! balance4 ,! conflict c\ld n be adequately gaug$ by su* que/ions z :e!r ! ,slave ,/ates _h or _h n a con/itutional "r to e/abli% an indep5d5t gov]nm5t2 :e!r ! ,free ,/ates 7 animat$ by philan?ropy or by love ( empire2 :e!r x 0 to ! political advantage ( ,engl& t ! ,am]ican ,union %\ld be divid$ & consequ5tly weak5$4 ,su* que/ions 7 n necess>ily improp] 9 !mselves1 & we c imag9e circum/ances 9 :i* !y might be n only prop] b decisive4 ,b1 ! circum/ances be+ :at !y 71 ! n>r[] exp$i5cies ( ord9>y politics 7 outweigh$ by "o ( ^? supreme & indefeasible exp$i5cies :i* are classifi$ z moral4 ,^! are1 9 o!r words1 ! high]1 wid]1 m b9d+1 & transc5d5t "p ( ! ma/] art ( social wellbe+4 ,"h 0 only "o illu/ration ( ! gr[+ t5d5cy to sub/itute ! n>r[e/ political po9t ( view = all ! o!r ways ( reg>d+ ! c\rse ( human affairs1 & to raise ! limitations :i* practical exig5cies may happ5 to set to ! application ( g5]al pr9ciples1 into ! v place ( ! pr9ciples !mselves4 ,nor is ! process ( det]iorat+ conviction conf9$ to ! great] or noisi] transactions ( nations4 ,x is impossible t x %\ld be s4 ,t process is due to causes :i* affect ! m5tal temp] an a :ole1 & p\r r\nd u an atmosph]e t en]vates our judgm5t f end to end1 n m 9 politics ?an 9 morality1 & n m 9 morality ?an 9 philosophy1 9 art1 & 9 religion4 ,p]haps ?is t5d5cy nev] %[$ itself m (f5sively ?an :5 ! mo/ important newspap] 9 ! c\ntry criticis$ our great naturali/'s sci5tific speculations z to ! desc5t ( man1 f ! po9t ( view ( prop]ty1 intellig5ce1 & a /ake 9 ! c\ntry1 & sev]ely c5sur$ him = reveal+ 8 p>ticul> zoological conclusions to ! g5]al public1 at a mom5t :5 ! sky ( ,p>is 0 r$ ) ! inc5di>y flames ( ! ,commune4 ,x w\ld be h>d to r$uce ! trans=mation ( all tru? into a subord9ate dep>tm5t ( daily politics1 to a m gross & unseemly absurdity4 ,! consequ5ces ( su* a trans=mation1 ( putt+ imm$iate social conv5i5ce 9 ! fir/ place1 & respect = tru? 9 ! second1 are se51 z we h said1 9 a di/9ct & unmi/akable l[]+ ( ! level ( national life2 a slack & le?>gic quality ab\t public op9ion2 a gr[+ pr$om9ance ( mat]ial1 tempor>y1 & selfi% aims1 ov] ^? :i* are g5]\s1 f>-rea*+1 & spiritual2 a deadly weak5+ ( intellectual conclusiv5ess1 & cle>-%9+ moral illum9ation1 &1 la/ly1 ( a c]ta9 /\tness ( self-respect = :i* ,engl& 0 once especially fam\s4 ,a pla9 categorical proposition is becom+ less & less cr$ible to av]age m9ds4 ,or at lea/ ! slov5ly will+ness to hold two directly contradictory propositions at "o & ! same "t is becom+ m & m common4 ,9 religion1 morals1 & politics1 ! suppression ( y\r true op9ion1 if n ! positive pr(ession ( :at y hold to be a false op9ion1 is h>dly ev] c\nt$ a vice1 & n seldom ev5 goes = virtue & solid wisdom4 ,"o is conjur$ to respect ! beliefs ( o!rs1 b =bidd5 to claim ! same respect = "o's own4 ,?is dread ( ! categorical proposition might be cr$itable1 if x sprang f atta*m5t to a v high /&>d ( evid5ce1 or f a deep s5se ( ! relative & provisional quality ( tru?4 ,!re might ev5 be a plausible def5ce set up = x1 if x sprang f t =mulat$ di/ru/ ( ! en]getic rational judgm5t 9 comp>ison ) ! emotional1 affective1 contemplative p>ts ( man1 :i* und]lies ! v>i\s =ms ( religi\s my/icism4 ,if y look closely into our pres5t mood1 x is se5 to be ! product ma9ly & above all ( a %r9k+ def]5ce to ! /atus quo1 n m]ely z hav+ a claim n to be lightly dealt )1 :i* e s]i\s man conc$es1 b z be+ ! la/ ^w & f9al te/ ( tru? & ju/ice4 ,physical sci5ce is all[$ to be ! sph]e ( accurate reason+ & di/9ct conclusions1 b 9 morals & politics1 in/ead ( admitt+ t ^! subjects h equally a logic ( _! own1 we sil5tly suspect all fir/ pr9ciples1 & practically d5y ! /rict inf]5ces f demon/rat$ premisses4 ,fai? 9 ! s\ndness ( giv5 g5]al !ories ( "r & wrong melts away be=e ! fir/ mom5t>y triumph ( wrong1 or ! fir/ pass+ disc\ragem5t 9 en=c+ "r4 ,our robu/ political s5se1 :i* has discov]$ s _m ( ! secrets ( good gov]nm5t1 :i* has giv5 u fre$om ) ord]1 & popul> adm9i/ration )\t corruption1 & unalt]able respect = law along ) indelible respect = individual "r1 ?is1 :i* has s long be5 our /rong po9t1 is fa/ becom+ our weakness & undo+4 ,= ! ext5sion ( ! ways ( ?9k+ :i* are prop] 9 politics1 to o!r ?an political matt]1 means at ! same "t ! depravation ( ! political s5se itself4 ,n only is social exp$i5cy effac+ ! _m o!r po9ts ( view t m5 ought to take ( ! v>i\s facts ( life & ?\ght3 ! idea ( social exp$i5cy itself is becom+ a dw>f$ & p9*$ idea4 ,ours is ! c\ntry :]e love ( con/ant improvem5t ought to be great] ?an any:]e else1 because fe> ( revolution is less4 ,yet ! art ( politics is gr[+ to be z meanly conceiv$ z all ! re/ ,at elections ! national c&idate has n (t5 a *ance aga9/ ! local c&idate1 nor ! man ( a pr9ciple aga9/ ! man ( a class4 ,9 p>liam5t we are admoni%$ on high au?ority t '! policy ( a p>ty is n ! c>ry+ out ( ! op9ion ( any section ( x1 b ! g5]al cons5sus ( ! :ole1' :i* seems to be a hi]ophantic mann] ( say+ t ! policy ( a p>ty is "o ?+1 & ! pr9ciple :i* makes x a p>ty is ano!r ?+1 & t m5 :o c>e v /rongly ab\t any?+ are to surr5d] t & ! hope ( x1 = ! sake ( succe$+ 9 some?+ ab\t :i* !y c>e v little or n at all4 ,?is is our mod]n way ( giv+ politicians he>t = _! voyage1 ( inspir+ !m ) resolut5ess & self-respect1 ) confid5ce 9 ! wor? ( _! cause & en?usiasm = its success4 ,?or\ghness is a mi/ake1 & nail+ y\r flag to ! ma/ a bit ( delusive h]oics4 ,?9k :olly ( to-day1 & n at all ( to-morr[4 ,bew>e ( ! high & hold fa/ to ! safe4 ,dismiss conviction1 & /udy g5]al cons5sus4 ,no zeal1 no fai?1 no intellectual tr5*ancy1 b z mu* l[-m9d$ g5iality & trivial complaisance z y please4 ,( c\rse1 all ^! *>act]i/ics ( our own society m>k t5d5cies t are common en\gh 9 all societies4 ,!y (t5 spr+ f an indol5ce & en]vation t besets a c]ta9 numb] ( p1 h[ev] invigorat+ ! g5]al m5tal climate may be4 ,:at we are n[ say+ is t ! g5]al m5tal climate itself has1 outside ( ! doma9 ( physical sci5ce1 ceas$ to be invigorat+2 t1 on ! contr>y1 x fo/]s ! m +lori\s pr$ispositions ( m51 & enc\rages a native will+ness1 already s /rong1 to acquiesce 9 a lazy accommodation ) error1 an ignoble economy ( tru?1 & a vici\s compromise ( ! p]man5t ga9s ( adh]+ to a s\nd g5]al pr9ciple1 = ! sake ( ! tempor>y ga9s ( dep>t+ f x4 ,)\t attempt+ an elaborate analysis ( ! causes t h br\ght ab\t ?is debilitation ( m5tal tone1 we may %ortly rem9d ourselves ( "o or two facts 9 ! political hi/ory1 9 ! intellectual hi/ory1 & 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( ?is g5]ation1 :i* p]haps help u to und]/& a ph5om5on t we h all s ke5 an int]e/ bo? 9 und]/&+ & 9 modify+4 ,to beg9 ) :at lies ne>e/ to ! surface4 ,! mo/ obvi\s ag5cy at "w 9 ! pres5t exagg]ation ( ! political /&>d z ! univ]sal te/ ( tru?1 is to be f\nd 9 "s contempor>y incid5ts4 ,! influ5ce ( ,france ^u ,engl& s9ce ! revolution ( #ahdh has t5d$ :olly to ! discr$it ( ab/ract !ory & g5]al reason+ among u1 9 all t relates to politics1 morals1 & religion4 ,9 #ahdh1 n 9 #aghi1 que/ions affect+ ! fundam5tal /ructure & organic condition ( ! social union came = ! fir/ "t into =midable prom95ce4 ,= ! fir/ "t ^? que/ions & ! answ]s to !m 7 /at$ 9 articulate =mulas & di/9ct !ories4 ,!y 7 n m]ely writt5 9 books2 !y s fasc9at$ ! imag9ation & inflam$ ! hopes ( ! "t1 t ?\s&s ( m5 7 will+ actually to g d[n into ! /reets & to %$ _! blood = ! realisation ( _! g5]\s dream ( a r5ovat$ society4 ,! same sight has be5 se5 s9ce1 & ev5 :5 we d n see x1 we are p]fectly aw>e t ! same temp] is sm\ld]+4 ,^? 7 premature attempts to conv]t a crude aspiration into a political reality1 & to f\nd a new social ord] on a numb] ( umcompromis+ d$uctions f ab/ract pr9ciples ( ! common weal4 ,!y h _h ! natural effect ( deep5+ ! ,engli% dislike ( a g5]al !ory1 ev5 :5 su* a !ory did no m ?an pr(ess to ann\nce a remote object ( desire1 & n ! pres5t goal ( imm$iate ef=t4 ,x is n only ! ,sociali/s :o are responsible = ! l[ e/eem into :i* a _s ( political g5]alisation has fall5 9 o!r c\ntries1 9 consequ5ce ( ,fr5* exp]i5ce4 ,mr4 ,mill has describ$ 9 a well-kn[n passage ! *>act]i/ic vice ( ! lead]s ( all ,fr5* p>ties1 & n ( ! democratic p>ty m ?an any o!r4 ',! commonplaces ( politics 9 ,france1' he says1 'are l>ge & sweep+ practical maxims1 f :i*1 z ultimate premisses1 m5 reason d[nw>ds to p>ticul> applications1 & ?is !y call be+ logical & consi/5t4 ,= in/ance1 !y are p]petually argu+ t su* & su* a measure ought to be adopt$1 because x is a consequ5ce ( ! pr9ciple on :i* ! =m ( gov]nm5t is f\nd$2 ( ! pr9ciple ( legitimacy1 or ! pr9ciple ( ! sov]eignty ( ! p4 ,to :i* x may be answ]$ t if ^! be really practical pr9ciples1 !y mu/ re/ on speculative gr\nds2 ! sov]eignty ( ! p 7= example7 mu/ be a "r f\ndation = gov]nm5t1 because a gov]nm5t ?us con/itut$ t5ds to produce c]ta9 b5eficial effects4 ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z no gov]nm5t produces all possible b5eficial effects1 b all are att5d$ ) m or few] inconv5i5ces2 & s9ce ^! _c be combat$ by means drawn f ! v causes :i* produce !m1 x w\ld (t5 be a mu* /rong] recomm5dation ( "s practical arrangem5t t x does n foll[ f :at is call$ ! g5]al pr9ciple ( ! gov]nm5t1 ?an t x does1'#b ,! ,engli% feel+ = compromise is on its bett] side ! result ( a %rewd & practical1 ?\gh in=mal1 recognition ( a tru? :i* ! writ] has "h express$ 9 t]ms ( ,me?od4 ,! disreg>d :i* ! political action ( ,france has repeat$ly betray$ ( a pr9ciple really s important has hi!rto /r5g!n$ our own reg>d = x1 until x has n only made u look on its importance z exclusive & f9al1 b has ext5d$ our respect = ! "r k9d ( compromise to wrong & injuri\s k9ds4 ,a m9or ev5t1 :i* n[ looks mu* less important ?an x did n _m ye>s ago1 b :i* /ill _h real influ5ce 9 det]iorat+ moral judgm5t1 0 ! c>e] ( a late sov]eign ( ,france4 ,"s app>5t advantages foll[$ = a season f a rule :i* _h its orig9 9 a viol5t & p]fidi\s usurpation1 & :i* 0 upheld by all ! arts ( moral corruption1 political en]vation1 & milit>y repression4 ,! advantages la/$ long en\gh to create 9 ?is c\ntry a /eady & p[]ful op9ion t ,napoleon ! ,?ird's e>ly crime 0 r$eem$ by ! seem+ prosp]ity :i* foll[$4 ,! %ock+ prematur5ess ( ?is %all[ condonation is n[ too gl>+ly visible = any "o to d5y x4 ,n (t5 9 hi/ory has ! great tru? t 'morality is ! nature ( ?+s' receiv$ corroboration s prompt & timely4 ,we ne$ n commit ourselves to ! optimi/ic or s5tim5tal hypo!sis t wick$ness always f>es ill 9 ! _w1 or on ! o!r h& t :oso he>k5s dilig5tly to ! div9e voice1 & obs]ves all ! comm&m5ts to d !m1 %all be bless$ 9 8 basket & 8 /ore & all ! "w ( 8 h&4 ,! claims ( morality to our allegiance1 s f> z its precepts are solidly e/abli%$1 re/ on ! same positive base z our fai? 9 ! tru? ( physical laws4 ,moral pr9ciples1 :5 !y are true1 are at bottom only regi/]$ g5]alisations f exp]i5ce4 ,!y record c]ta9 uni=mities ( antec$5ce & consequ5ce 9 ! region ( human conduct ,want ( fai? 9 ! p]si/5cy ( ^! uni=mities is only a little less fatu\s 9 ! moral ord] ?an a correspond+ want ( fai? w\ld in/antly disclose itself to be 9 ! purely physical ord]4 ,9 bo? ord]s alike !re is only too mu* ( ?is k9d ( fatu\sness1 ?is read9ess to believe t = once 9 our fav\r ! /ream %all fl[ up hill1 t we may live 9 miasmatic air unpoison$1 t a gov]nm5t may depress ! en]gy1 ! self-reliance1 ! public _s ( its citiz5s1 & yet be able to c\nt on ^! qualities :5ev] ! gov]nm5t itself may h brok5 d[n1 & left ! c\ntry to make ! be/ ( su* res\rces z are left aft] s sev]e & prolong$ a dra94 ,?is is ! s5se 9 :i* morality is ! nature ( ?+s4 ,! sy/em ( ! ,second ,empire 0 9 ! same s5se an immoral sy/em4 ,unless all ! lessons ( human exp]i5ce 7 futile1 & all ! pr9ciples ( political morality m]e articles ( p$antry1 su* a sy/em mu/ inevitably br+ disa/]1 z we might h se5 t x 0 s[+ ! se$s ( disa/]4 ,yet because ! cata/rophe l+]$1 op9ion 9 ,engl& began to admit ! possibility ( evil be+ = ?is once good1 & to treat any ref]5ce to ! moral & political pr9ciples :i* condemn$ ! imp]ial sy/em1 & all sy/ems l x1 beyond hope or appeal1 z simply ! pretext ( a mut9\s or ,utopian impati5ce4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only "o ( ! m sup]ficial influ5ces :i* h help$ & fall5 9 ) ! work+ ( pr(\nd] causes ( weak5$ aspiration & impov]i%$ moral en]gy1 & ( ! sub/itution ( latitud9>ian acquiesc5ce & falt]+ conviction = ! :ole-he>t$ assurance ( bett] times4 ,( ^! deep] causes1 ! mo/ important 9 ! intellectual developm5t ( ! prevail+ =ms ( ?\ght & s5tim5t is ! gr[? ( ! ,hi/oric ,me?od4 ,let u consid] v %ortly h[ ! abuse ( ?is me?od1 & an unau?oris$ ext5sion & int]pretation ( its conclusions1 are likely to h _h some?+ to d ) ! en]vation ( op9ion4 ,! ,hi/oric ,me?od may be describ$ z ! comp>ison ( ! =ms ( an idea1 or a usage1 or a belief1 at any giv5 "t1 ) ! e>li] =ms f :i* !y 7 evolv$1 or ! lat] =ms into :i* !y 7 develop$1 & ! e/abli%m5t1 f su* a comp>ison1 ( an asc5d+ & desc5d+ ord] among ! facts4 ,x consi/s 9 ! explanation ( exi/+ p>ts 9 ! frame ( society by connect+ !m ) correspond+ p>ts 9 "s e>li] frame2 9 ! id5tification ( pres5t =ms 9 ! pa/1 & pa/ =ms 9 ! pres5t4 ,its ma9 process is ! detection ( correspond+ cu/oms1 op9ions1 laws1 beliefs1 among diff]5t communities1 & a gr\p+ ( !m into g5]al classes ) ref]5ce to "s "o common feature4 ,x is a c]ta9 way ( seek+ answ]s to v>i\s que/ions ( orig91 re/+ on ! same g5]al doctr9e ( evolution1 appli$ to moral & social =ms1 z t :i* is be+ appli$ ) s mu* +5uity to ! s]ies ( organic matt]4 ,! hi/oric conception is a ref]5ce ( e /ate ( society to a p>ticul> /age 9 ! evolution ( its g5]al conditions4 ,ideas ( law1 ( virtue1 ( religion1 ( ! physical univ]se1 ( hi/ory1 ( ! social union itself1 all m>* 9 a h>moni\s & int]-dep5d5t ord]4 ,curiosity ) ref]5ce to orig9s is = v>i\s reasons ! mo/ m>k$ elem5t among mod]n sci5tific t5d5cies4 ,x cov]s ! :ole field1 moral1 intellectual1 & physical1 f ! smile or ! fr[n on a man's face1 up to ! mo/ complex ( ! ideas 9 8 m9d2 f ! expression ( 8 emotions1 to _! root & relations ) "o ano!r 9 8 inmo/ organisation4 ,z an +5i\s writ]1 too soon lo/ to our political lit]ature1 has put x3--',if we want$ to describe "o ( ! mo/ m>k$ results1 p]haps ! mo/ m>k$ result1 ( late ?\ght1 we %\ld say t by x ev]y?+ is made an antiquity4 ,:5 9 =m] times our ance/ors ?\ght ( an antiqu>ian1 !y describ$ him z occupi$ ) co9s & m$als & ,druids' /ones4 ,b n[ !re are o!r relics2 inde$ all matt] is become su*4 ,man himself has to ! eye ( sci5ce become an antiquity4 ,%e tries to read1 is beg9n+ to read1 kn[s %e ought to read1 9 ! frame ( ea* man ! result ( a :ole hi/ory ( all 8 life1 & :at he is & :at makes him s4'#c ,"* is consid]$ less ) ref]5ce to its absolute qualities ?an z an int]e/+ sc5e /rewn ) scatt]$ rudim5ts1 survivals1 inh]it$ pr$ispositions4 ,op9ions are c\nt$ r z ph5om5a to be expla9$ ?an z matt]s ( tru? & falsehood4 ,( usages1 we are beg9n+ fir/ ( all to ?9k :]e !y came f1 & second>ily :e!r !y are ! mo/ fitt+ & conv5i5t t m5 c\ld be got to accept4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury m5 ask$ ( a belief or a /ory1 ,is x true8 ,we n[ ask1 ,h[ did m5 come to take x = true8 ,9 %ort ! relations among social ph5om5a :i* n[ engage mo/ att5tion1 are relations ( orig9al s\rce1 r ?an ^? ( actual consi/5cy 9 !ory & actual fitness 9 practice4 ,! devotees ( ! curr5t me?od are m conc]n$ ) ! p$igree & g5ealogical connections ( a cu/om or an idea ?an ) its own prop] goodness or badness1 its /r5g? or its weakness4 ,?\gh !re is no necess>y or truly logical association betwe5 sy/ematic use ( ?is me?od rightly limit$1 & a slack & slip%od pref]5ce ( vague g5]al =ms ov] def9ite ideas1 yet e "o c see its t5d5cy1 if uncorrect$1 to make m5 %r9k f import+ any?+ l absolute quality into _! propositions4 ,we c see also1 :at is /ill worse1 its t5d5cy to place individual robu/ness & initiative 9 ! light ( sup]fluities1 ) :i* a _w t goes by evolution c v well disp5se4 ,m5 easily come to consid] cle>ness & positiv5ess 9 _! op9ions1 /aun*ness 9 hold+ & def5d+ !m1 & f]v\r 9 c>ry+ !m into action1 z equivocal virtues ( v d\btful p]fection1 9 a /ate ( ?+s :]e e abuse has aft] all _h a def5sible orig92 :]e e error has1 we mu/ confess1 once be5 true relatively to o!r p>ts ( belief 9 ^? :o held ! error2 & :]e all p>ts ( life are s b\nd up ) "o ano!r1 t x is ( no avail to attack "o evil1 unless y attack _m m at ! same "t4 ,?is is a c>icature ( ! real tea*+ ( ! ,hi/oric ,me?od1 ( :i* we %all h to speak pres5tly2 b x is "o ( ^? c>icatures :i* ! natural slo? 9 su* matt]s1 & ! indig5\s intellectual haz9ess ( ! majority ( m51 make !m v will+ to take = ! true philosophy ( ?+s4 ,!n !re is ! newspap] press1 t huge eng9e = keep+ discussion on a l[ level1 & mak+ ! political te/ f9al4 ,to take (f ! taxes on k 0 to place a heavy tax on broad & indep5d5t op9ion4 ,! multiplication ( j\rnals 'deliv]+ brawl+ judgm5ts una%am$ on all ?+s all day long1' has done mu* to dead5 ! small /ock ( individuality 9 public v]dicts4 ,x has done mu* to make vulg> ways ( look+ at ?+s & vulg> ways ( speak+ ( !m /rong] & /rong]1 by =mulat+ & repeat+ & /]eotyp+ !m incessantly f morn+ until aft]noon1 & f ye>'s end to ye>'s end4 ,= a newspap] mu/ live1 & to live x mu/ please1 & its conductors suppose1 p]haps n altoge!r rightly1 t x c only please by be+ v *e]ful t[>ds prejudices1 v *illy to g5]al !ories1 l(tily disda9ful to ! m5 ( a pr9ciple4 ,_! "o cry to an advocate ( improvem5t is "s sagaci\s sill9ess ab\t recognis+ ! limits ( ! practicable 9 politics1 & see+ ! necessity ( adapt+ !ories to facts4 ,z if ! fact ( tak+ a broad] & wis] view ?an ! common cr[d disqualifies a man f kn[+ :at ! view ( ! common cr[d happ5s to be1 & f e/imat+ x at ! prop] value = practical purposes4 ,:y are ! m5 :o despair ( improvem5t to be ! only p]sons end[$ ) ! gift ( disc]n+ ! practicable8 ,x is1 h[ev]1 only too easy to und]/& h[ a j\rnal1 exi/+ = a day1 %\ld limit its view to ! possibilities ( ! day1 & h[1 be+ mo/ closely affect$ by ! p>ticul>1 x %\ld coldly turn its back ^u all t is g5]al4 ,& x is easy1 too1 to und]/& ! reaction ( ?is intellectual timor\sness ^u ! m9ds ( ord9>y read]s1 :o h too little natural =ce & too little cultivation to be able to resi/ ! n>r[+ & deadly effect ( ! daily it]ation ( %ort-sight$ commonplaces4 ,f> ! mo/ p5etrat+ ( all ! influ5ces t are impair+ ! moral & intellectual n]ve ( our g5]ation1 rema9 /ill to be m5tion$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! imm5se increase ( mat]ial prosp]ity1 & ! second is ! imm5se decl9e 9 s9c]ity ( spiritual int]e/4 ,! evil wr\ght by ! "o fills up ! measure ( ! evil wr\ght by ! o!r4 ,we h be51 9 spite ( mom5t>y decl5sions1 on a flood tide ( high pr(its & a ro>+ trade1 & !re is no?+ l a ro>+ trade = eng5d]+ latitud9>ians4 ,! effect ( _m possessions1 especially if !y be newly acquir$1 9 slack5+ moral vig\r1 is a prov]b4 ,our new weal? is h>dly leav5$ by any tradition ( public duty su* z l+]s among ! ,engli% nobles1 nor z yet by any common cu/om ( devotion to public causes1 su* z seems to live & gr[ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"u su* conditions1 ) new weal? come luxury & love ( ease & t fatal read9ess to believe t ,god has plac$ u 9 ! be/ ( possible worlds1 :i* s l[]s m5's aims & un/r+s _! firmness ( purpose4 ,pleasure saps high int]e/s1 & ! weak5+ ( high int]e/s leaves m undisput$ room = pleasure4 ,managem5t & compromise appe> among ! p]mitt$ arts1 because !y t5d to com=t1 & com=t is ! end ( ends1 compreh5d+ all ends4 ,n tru? is ! /&>d1 b ! politic & ! reputable4 ,are we to suppose t x is firm p]suasion ( ! great] scripturalness ( episcopacy t turns ! second g5]ation ( diss5t+ manufactur]s 9 our busy ,lanca%ire into *ur*m58 ,c]ta9ly su* conv]sions d no viol5ce to ! consci5ce ( ! proselyte1 = he is intellectually indiff]5t1 a spiritual neut]4 ,t br+s u to ! root ( ! matt]1 ! s]i\s side ( a revolution t 9 ?is social consequ5ce is s unspeakably ignoble4 ,?is root ( ! matt] is ! sl[ trans=mation n[ at "w ( ! :ole spiritual basis ( ?\ght4 ,e age is 9 "s sort an age ( transition1 b our own is *>act]i/ically & c>d9ally an epo* ( transition 9 ! v f\ndations ( belief & conduct4 ,! old hopes h gr[n pale1 ! old fe>s dim2 /rong sanctions are become weak1 & once vivid fai?s v numb4 ,religion1 :atev] de/9ies may be 9 /ore = x1 is at lea/ = ! pres5t h>dly any long] an organic p[]4 ,x is n t supreme1 p5etrat+1 controll+1 decisive "p ( a man's life1 :i* x has be51 & w be aga94 ,! "w ( de/ruction is all ! m p]turb+ to timor\s spirits1 & m h>ass+ ev5 to d\ghti] spirits1 = be+ done impalpably1 indirectly1 almo/ sil5tly & z if by unse5 h&s4 ,^? :o dwell 9 ! t[] ( anci5t fai?s look ab\t !m 9 con/ant appreh5sion1 misgiv+1 & wond]1 ) ! hurri$ uneasy mi5 ( p liv+ amid e>?quakes4 ,! air seems to _! al>ms to be full ( missiles1 & all is d\bt1 hesitation1 & %iv]+ expectancy4 ,h5ce a decisive reluctance to commit "o's self4 ,consci5ce has lo/ its /rong & on-press+ en]gy1 & ! s5se ( p]sonal responsibility lacks %>pness ( edge4 ,! native hue ( spiritual resolution is sickli$ o'er ) ! pale ca/ ( di/ract$1 wav]+1 confus$ ?\ght4 ,! s\ls ( m5 h become void4 ,into ! void h ent]$ 9 triumph ! sev5 devils ( ,secul>ity4 ,& all ?is hesitancy1 ?is tamp]+ ) conviction = fe> ( its consequ5ces1 ?is want ( fai?ful deal+ 9 ! highe/ matt]s1 is be+ int5sifi$1 aggravat$1 driv5 inw>ds l a fatal disord] t[>d ! vital p>ts1 by ! exi/5ce ( a ,/ate ,*ur*4 ,:ile ?\ght /irs & k ext5ds1 %e rema9s fa/ moor$ by anci5t =mul>ies4 ,:ile ! _s ( man exp&s 9 se>* aft] new light1 & feels en]getically = new tru?1 ! _s ( ! ,*ur* is et]nally entomb$ )9 ! f\r corn]s ( acts ( p>liam5t4 ,h] m9i/]s v[ almo/ be=e !y h cross$ ! ?re%old ( manhood t !y w se>* no m4 ,!y virtually swe> t !y w to ! end ( _! days believe :at !y believe !n1 be=e !y h _h "t ei!r to ?9k or to "k ! ?\ghts ( o!rs4 ,!y take oa?1 9 o!r words1 to lead mutilat$ lives4 ,if !y _c keep ?is solemn promise1 !y h at lea/ e inducem5t t ord9>y human motives c supply1 to conceal _! brea* ( x4 ,! same sy/em :i* beg9s by mak+ m5tal indol5ce a virtue & intellectual n>r[ness a "p ( sanctity1 ends by putt+ a premium on some?+ too l hypocrisy4 ,consid] ! s]i\sness ( fa/5+ up 9 ^! bonds "s ?\s&s ( ! mo/ in/ruct$ & intellig5t classes 9 ! c\ntry1 ! v m5 :o w\ld o!rwise be be/ fitt$ f position & opportunities = aid+ a little 9 ! long1 difficult1 & pla9ly inevitable "w ( trans=m+ op9ion4 ,consid] ! wa/e ( intellig5ce1 & :at is assur$ly n less grave1 ! positive dead-weight & ?ick ob/ruction1 by :i* an (ficial hi]>*y s organis$ mu/ p>alyse m5tal indep5d5ce 9 a community4 ,we "k ! k9d ( man :om ?is sy/em delights to hon\r4 ,he 0 describ$ = u five & ?irty ye>s ago by a ma/] h&4 ',mi/9ess is ! "m ( wisdom4 ,a man :o c set d[n half a doz5 g5]al propositions :i* escape f de/roy+ "o ano!r only by be+ dilut$ into truisms2 :o c hold ! balance betwe5 opposites s skilfully z to d )\t fulcrum or beam2 :o nev] enunciates a tru? )\t gu>d+ himself aga9/ be+ suppos$ to exclude ! contradictory1--:o holds t scripture is ! only au?ority1 yet t ! ,*ur* is to be def]r$ to1 t fai? only ju/ifies1 yet t x does n ju/ify )\t works1 t grace does n dep5d ^u ! sacram5ts1 yet is n giv5 )\t !m1 t bi%ops are a div9e ord9ance1 yet t ^? :o h !m n are 9 ! same religi\s condition z ^? :o h1--?is is y\r safe man & ! hope ( ! ,*ur*2 ?is is :at ! ,*ur* is said to want1 n p>ty m51 b s5sible1 temp]ate1 sob]1 well-judg+ p]sons1 to guide x ?r\gh ! *annel ( no mean+1 betwe5 ! ,scylla & ,*>ybdis ( ,aye & ,no4'#d ,! writ] !n ?\ght t su* a type c\ld n endure1 & t ! ,*ur* mu/ become m real4 ,on ! contr>y1 h] reality is m phantom-l n[ ?an x 0 !n4 ,%e is ! sov]eign patt]n & exempl> ( managem5t1 ( ! triumph ( ! political me?od 9 spiritual ?+s1 & ( ! subord9ation ( ideas to ! /atus quo4 ,x is true t all o!r organis$ prie/hoods are also bodies :i* move )9 =mul>ies ev5 m inela/ic ?an ^? ( ! ,e/abli%m5t4 ,b !n !y h n ! same imm5se social p[]1 nor ! same temptations to make all sacrifices to pres]ve x4 ,!y affect ! intellectual temp] ( l>ge numb]s ( p1 b ! p :om !y affect are n s /rongly id5tifi$ ) ! great] organs ( ! national life4 ,! ,/ate ,*ur* is b\nd up 9 ! m9ds ( ! mo/ p[]ful classes ) a giv5 ord]+ ( social arrangem5ts1 & ! consequ5ce ( ?is is t ! tea*]s ( ! ,*ur* h reflect$ back ^u ?orn a s5se ( responsibility = ^! arrangem5ts1 :i* obscures _! spirituality1 clogs _! intellectual en]gy & m5tal op5ness1 & turns !m into a political army ( ob/ruction to new ideas4 ,!y feel !mselves to a c]ta9 ext5t dis*>g$ f ! necessity ( recognis+ ! trem5d\s conflict 9 ! region ( belief t goes on ar\nd !m1 j z if !y 7 purely civil adm9i/rators1 conc]n$ only ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! pres5t ord]4 ,none ( ?is is true ( ! private ,*ur*es4 ,_! tea*]s & memb]s reg>d belief z some?+ :olly indep5d5t ( ! civil ord]+ ( ?+s4 ,h[ev] little enlight5$ 9 "s respects1 h[ev] ho/ile to c]ta9 ( ! ideas by :i* x is s\ght to replace _! own1 !y are at lea/ repres5tatives ( ! mom5t\s pr9ciple ( our individual responsibility = ! tru? ( our op9ions4 ,!y may br+ _! judgm5ts to conclusions t are less 9 accord ) mod]n t5d5cies ?an ^? ( "o or two s*ools t /ill see _! way to subscrib+ ,anglican articles & adm9i/]+ ,anglican rites4 ,at any rate1 !y admit t ! use ( 8 judgm5t is a duty incumb5t on ! individual1 & a duty to be dis*>g$ )\t ref]5ce to any ext]nal consid]ations :atev]1 political or o!rwise4 ,?is is an elevat+1 an exhil>at+ pr9ciple1 h[ev] defici5cies ( culture may h n>r[$ ! sph]e ( its op]ations4 ,x is because a ,/ate ,*ur* is by its v conception ho/ile to su* a pr9ciple1 t we are ju/ifi$ 9 c\nt+ x ap>t f ! private ,*ur*es ) all _! faults1 & plac+ x among ! ag5cies t weak5 ! vig\r ( a national consci5ce & *eck ! free play & access ( intellectual light4 ,"h we may leave ! conditions t h made an inquiry z to "s ( ! limits ( compromise1 :i* mu/ always be an int]e/+ & important subject1 "o ( especial int]e/ & importance to ourselves at pres5t4 ,is any r5ovation ( ! sacr$ness ( pr9ciple a possible rem$y = "s ( ^! elem5ts ( national det]ioration8 ,!y w n disappe> until ! _w has gr[n into possession ( a new doctr9e4 ,:5 t comes1 all o!r good ?+s w foll[4 ,:at we h to rememb] is t ! new doctr9e itself w nev] come1 except to spirits pr$ispos$ to _! own lib]ation4 ,our day ( small calculations & petty utilities mu/ fir/ pass away2 our vision ( ! true exp$i5cies mu/ rea* fur!r & deep]2 our resolution to se>* = ! highe/ v]ities1 to give up all & foll[ !m1 mu/ fir/ become ! supreme "p ( ourselves4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,see bel[1 *4 iii4 ,footnote #b3 ,sy/em ( ,logic1 bk4 vi4 *4 xi4 ,footnote #c3 ,bagehot4 ,footnote #d3 ,dr4 ,j4,h4 ,newman's ,essays ,critical & ,hi/orical1 vol4 i4 p4 #cja4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,( ,,! ,,possible ,,utility ,,( ,,error4 ,das ,wahre frd]t2 aus dem ,irr?um entwickelt si* ni*ts1 er v]wickeltuns nur4-- ,,goe!4 ,at ! outset ( an inquiry h[ f> exi/+ facts ought to be all[$ to ov]rule ideas & pr9ciples t are at v>iance ) !m1 a prelim9>y "q lies 9 our way1 ab\t :i* x may be well to say some?+4 ,?is is ! "q ( a dual doctr9e4 ,9 pla9] words1 ! "q :e!r x is exp$i5t t ! m enlight5$ classes 9 a community %\ld ^u sy/em n only possess _! light 9 sil5ce1 b :e!r !y %\ld op5ly enc\rage a doctr9e = ! less enlight5$ classes :i* !y d n believe to be true = !mselves1 :ile !y reg>d x z indisp5sably useful 9 ! case ( less =tunate p4 ,an em95t tea*] tells u h[ aft] he _h once succe$$ 9 pres5t+ ! pr9ciple ( ,necessity to 8 own m9d 9 a %ape :i* seem$ to br+ ) x all ! advantages ( ! pr9ciple ( ,free ,w1 he 'no long] suff]$ "u ! burd5 s heavy to "o :o aims at be+ a re=m] 9 op9ions1 ( ?9k+ "o doctr9e true1 & ! contr>y doctr9e morally b5eficial4'#e ,! discrepancy :i* ?is writ] ?\ght a heavy burd5 has /ruck o!rs z ! basis ( a satisfactory solution4 ,nil dulcius e/ b5e quam munita t5]e ,edita doctr9a sapi5tum templa s]5a1 ,despic]e unde queas alios passimque vid]e ,err>e atque viam palantes qua]]e vitae4 ,! le>n$ are to hold ! true doctr9e2 ! unle>n$ are to be taught its morally b5eficial contr>y4 ',let ! ,*ur*1' x has be5 said1 'admit two descriptions ( believ]s1 ^? :o are = ! lett]1 & ^? :o hold by ! _s4 ,at a c]ta9 po9t 9 rational culture1 belief 9 ! sup]natural becomes = _m an impossibility2 d n =ce su* p]sons to we> a c[l ( lead4 ,d n y m$dle ) :at we tea* or write1 & !n we w n dispute ! common p ) y2 d n conte/ our place 9 ! s*ool & ! academy1 & !n we w surr5d] to y\r h&s ! c\ntry s*ool4'#f ,?is is only a v c\rage\s & def9ite way ( say+ :at a great _m less accompli%$ p]sons ?an ,m4 ,r5an h sil5tly 9 _! he>ts1 & 9 ,engl& q z ext5sively z 9 ,france4 ,!y d n believe 9 hell1 = in/ance1 b !y ?9k hell a useful fiction = ! l[] classes4 ,!y w\ld deeply regret any *ange 9 ! _s or ! ma*9]y ( public in/ruction :i* w\ld release ! l[] classes f s :olesome an error4 ,& z ) hell1 s ) o!r articles ( ! sup]natural sy/em2 ! exi/5ce ( a ,be+ :o w di/ribute rew>ds & p5alties 9 a future /ate1 ! p]man5t s5ti5ce ( ea* human p]sonality1 ! vigilant sup]vision ( our conduct1 z well z our inmo/ ?\ghts & desires1 by ! heav5ly p[]s2 & s =?4 ,let u discuss ?is matt] imp]sonally1 )\t ref]5ce to our own op9ions & )\t ref]5ce to ! evid5ce = or aga9/ _! tru?4 ,i am n speak+ n[ ( ^? :o hold all ^! ideas to be c]ta9ly true1 or highly probable1 & :o at ! same "t incid5tally insi/ on ! great usefulness ( su* ideas 9 confirm+ morality & produc+ virtu\s types ( "*4 ,) su* p]sons1 ( c\rse1 !re is no "q ( a dual doctr9e4 ,!y ent]ta9 c]ta9 convictions !mselves1 & naturally desire to h _! influ5ce ext5d$ ov] o!rs4 ,! proposition :i* we h to consid] is ( ano!r k9d4 ,x expresses ! notions ( ^? :o--to take ! mo/ important k9d ( illu/ration--?9k untrue ! popul> ideas ( sup]natural int]f]5ce 9 our obscure human affairs2 :o ?9k untrue ! notion ( ! prolongation ( our exi/5ce aft] dea? to fulfil ! purpose ( ! sup]natural p[]s2 or at lea/ :o ?9k !m s extremely improbable t no reasonable man or woman1 once awak5$ to a conviction ( ?is improbability1 w\ld !nce=? be capable ( receiv+ effective *eck or guidance f beliefs1 t w\ld h sunk sl[ly d[n to ! level ( d\btful guesses4 ,we h n[ to deal ) ^? :o :ile tak+ ?is view ( c]ta9 doctr9es1 /ill decl>e !m to be indisp5sable = re/ra9+ f anti-social conduct all :o are n acute or in/ruct$ en\gh to see ?r\gh !m4 ,9 o!r words1 !y ?9k error useful1 & t x may be ! be/ ?+ = society t masses ( m5 %\ld *eat & deceive !mselves 9 _! mo/ f]v5t aspirations & _! deepe/ assurances4 ,?is is ! fur!/ extreme to :i* ! empire ( exi/+ facts ov] pr9ciples c well be imag9$ to g4 ,x lies at ! root ( e discussion ^u ! limits :i* sep>ate lawful compromise or accommodation f palpable hypocrisy4 ,x w probably be said t accord+ to ! !ory ( ! s*ool ( :i* ,m4 ,r5an is ! mo/ eloqu5t repres5tative1 ! common p are n really *eat+ !mselves or be+ *eat$4 ,inde$ ,m4 ,r5an himself has expatiat$ on ! *>m ( see+ figures ( ! ideal 9 ! cottages ( ! poor1 images repres5t+ no reality1 & s =?4 ',:at a delight1' he cries1 '= ! man :o is borne d[n by six days ( toil to come on ! sev5? to re/ ^u 8 knees1 to contemplate ! tall columns1 a vault1 ar*es1 an alt>2 to li/5 to ! *ant+1 to he> moral & consol+ words6'#g ,! dogmas :i* criticism attacks are n = ^! poor p '! object ( an explicit affirmation1' & !re=e !re is no h>m 9 !m2 'x is ! privilege ( pure s5tim5t to be invuln]able1 & to play ) poison )\t be+ hurt by x4' ,9 o!r words1 ! dogmas are false1 b ! liturgy1 z a p]=mance /irr+ ! s5ses ( awe1 rev]5ce1 susceptibility to beauty ( v>i\s k9ds1 appeals to & satisfies a s5tim5t t is bo? true & indisp5sable 9 ! human m9d4 ,m ?an ?is1 9 ! two or ?ree supreme mom5ts ( life to :i* m5 look =w>d & on :i* !y look back1--at bir?1 at ! pass+ ( ! ?re%old into fulness ( life1 at m>riage1 at dea?1--! ,*ur* is pres5t to inve/ ! h\r ) a c]ta9 solemn & dignifi$ *>m4 ,t is ! way 9 :i* ! in/ruct$ are to look at ! s]vices ( a ,*ur*1 aft] !y h !mselves ceas$ to believe its fai?1 u a true acc\nt ( v>i\s matt]s :i* x pr(esses to acc\nt = truly4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ?is is n exactly ! gr\nd ( ^? :o ?9k a numb] ( :at !y confess to be untru?s1 :olesome = ! common p = reasons ( police1 & :o w\ld ma9ta9 *ur*es on ! same pr9ciple on :i* !y ma9ta9 ! c\nty con/abul>y4 ,x is a psy*ological1 n a political gr\nd4 ,x is on ! :ole a m true1 z well z a f> m exalt$ position4 ,! human s\l1 !y say1 has ^! lovely & elevat+ aspirations2 n to satisfy !m is to leave man a dw>f$ creature4 ,:y qu>rel ) a sy/em t leaves y to satisfy !m 9 ! true way1 & does mu* to satisfy ?orn 9 a false b n v h>mful way among ^? :o un=tunately h to sit 9 ! d>kness ( ! out] c\rt8 ,?is is n a prop] occasion = say+ any?+ ab\t ! adequat5ess ( ! ca?olic1 or any o!r special mann] ( fo/]+ & solac+ ! religi\s impulses ( m54 ,we h to assume t ! in/ruct$ class believe ! ca?olic dogmas to be untrue1 & yet wi%es ! un9/ruct$ to be h&$ ov] to a sy/em t reposes on ! !ory t ^! dogmas are sup]latively true4 ,:at !n is to be said ( ! t5abl5ess ( su* a position8 ,to ! pla9 man x looks l a delib]ate connivance at a plan = ! propagation ( error--assum+1 z ,i say1 = ! mom5t1 t ^! articles ( belief are errone\s & contr>y to fact & evid5ce4 ,ah1 b1 we are told1 ! p make no explicit affirmation ( dogma2 t does no?+ = !m2 !y are indiff]5t to x4 ,a great v>iety ( ?+s might be said to ?is /atem5t4 ,we might ask1 = in/ance1 :e!r ! p ev] made an explicit affirmation ( dogma 9 ! pa/1 or :e!r x 0 always ! hazy indiff]5t matt] :i* x is suppos$ to be n[4 ,if s1 :e!r we %all n h to re-ca/ our mo/ fundam5tal notions ( ! way 9 :i* ,*ri/ian civilisation has be5 evolv$4 ,if n1 & if p did once explicitly affirm dogma1 :5 exactly 0 x t !y ceas$ to d s8 ,! answ]s to ^! que/ions w\ld all g to %[ t at ! "t :5 religion 0 ! great controll+ & organis+ =ce 9 conduct1 ! prime elem5tal dogmas 7 accept$ ) ! mo/ vivid conviction ( reality4 ,i d n pret5d t ! common p foll[$ all ! inf]5ces :i* ! intellectual subtlety ( ! ma/]-spirits ( !ology drew s indu/ri\sly f ! simple premisses ( scripture & tradition4 ,b assur$ly dogma 0 at ! f\ndation ( ! :ole /ructure4 ,:5 did x cease to be s8 ,h[ 0 ! /ructure support$1 aft] y _h alt]$ ?is condition ( ?+s8 ,ap>t f ?is hi/oric issue1 ! ma9 "q "o w\ld l to put to ! uphold] ( duality ( religion on ?is plea1 is ! simple "o1 :e!r ! p[] ( ! c]emonial :i* *>ms him s mu* is n actually at ?is mom5t drawn :olly f dogma & ! tradition ( dogma2 :e!r its tru? is n explicitly affirm$ to ! unlett]$ man1 & :e!r ! insep>able connection betwe5 ! dogma & ! c]emonial is n con/antly impress$ ^u him by ! spiritual tea*]s to :om ! dual sy/em h&s him & 8 ord] ov] = all "t8 ,if any "o ( ^? philosophic critics w take ! tr\ble to li/5 to a few c\rses ( s]mons at ! pres5t day1 & ! rem>k applies n less to prote/ant ?an to ca?olic *ur*es1 he w f9d t in/ead ( t 'p>ole morale et consolante' :i* is s soo?+ to ?9k (1 ! pulpit is n[ ! home ( f]vid controv]sy & (t5 exac]bat$ declamation 9 fav\r ( anci5t dogma aga9/ mod]n sci5ce4 ,we d n say :e!r ?is is or is n ! wise/ l9e = ! cl]gy to foll[4 ,we only press ! fact aga9/ ^? :o wi% u to believe t dogma c\nts = no?+ 9 ! popul> fai?1 & t !re=e we ne$ n be uneasy z to its effects4 ,next1 "o w\ld say to ^? :o ?9k t all w g well if y divide ! community into two classes1 "o privileg$ to use its own m9d1 ! o!r privileg$ to h its m9d us$ by a prie/hood1 t !y ov]look ! mom5t\s circum/ance ( ^! pr(essional uphold]s ( dogmatic sy/ems be+ also possess$ ( a va/ social influ5ce 9 que/ions t naturally belong to ano!r sph]e4 ,!re is h>dly a s+le great controv]sy 9 mod]n politics1 :]e ! /atesman does n f9d himself 9 imm$iate contact ) ! real or suppos$ int]e/s1 & ) ! active or passive s5tim5t1 ( "o ( ^! religi\s sy/ems4 ,!re=e if ! in/ruct$ or intellectually privileg$ class *e]fully leave ! field op5 to m5 :o1 ex hypo!si1 are presum$ to be less in/ruct$1 n>r[]1 m imp5etrable by reason1 & ! p>tisans ( ! lett] aga9/ ! _s1 !n ?is result foll[s4 ,!y are delib]ately /r5g!n+ ! h&s ( ! p]sons lea/ fitt$ by judgm5t1 exp]i5ce1 & temp]1 = us+ su* p[] rightly4 ,& !y are /r5g!n+ !m n m]ely 9 deal+ ) religi\s matt]s1 b1 :at is ( m importance1 9 deal+ ) an endless v>iety ( ! grave/ social & political matt]s4 ,x is impossible to map out ! exact dim5sions ( ! field 9 :i* a man %all ex]cise 8 influ5ce1 & to :i* he is to be rigor\sly conf9$4 ,give m5 influ5ce 9 "o matt]1 especially if t be su* a matt] z religi\s belief & c]emonial1 & x is simply impossible t ?is influ5ce %all n ext5d ) m or less effect ov] z mu* ( ! :ole sph]e ( conduct z !y may *oose surr5d]+ ! common p )\t dispute or ef=t to organis$ prie/hoods = religi\s purposes1 y w\ld be inevitably includ+ a va/ numb] ( o!r purposes 9 ! self-same de/9ation4 ,?is does n 9 ! lea/ prejudice practical ways ( deal+ ) c]ta9 exi/+ circum/ances1 su* z ! propriety or ju/ice ( all[+ a ca?olic p to h a ca?olic univ]sity4 ,x is only an argum5t aga9/ erect+ into a complete & def9ite =mula ! division ( a society into two great ca/es1 ! "o ) a religion ( ! _s1 ! o!r ) a cre$ ( ! lett]4 ,aga91 suppos+ t ! enlight5$ ca/e 7 to cons5t to ab&on ! common p to :at are assum$ to be l[] & n>r[] =ms ( tru?1--:i* is aft] all little m ?an a f9e phrase = =ms ( falsehood1--:at c be m futile ?an to suppose t su* a compromise w be li/5$ to = a s+le mom5t by a ca/e ^: fir/ pr9ciple is t !y are ! possessors & m9i/]s1 n ( an inf]ior or sup]ior =m ( tru?1 b ( ! v tru? itself1 absolute1 f9al1 complete1 div9ely s5t1 infallibly int]pret$8 ,! disciples ( ! relative may af=d to compromise4 ,! disciples ( ! absolute1 nev]4 ,we %all see o!r objections z we g on to ?is /ate ( ?+s1 9 :i* a m9ority holds true op9ions & ab&ons ! majority to false ones4 ,at ! bottom ( ! advocacy ( a dual doctr9e slumb]s ! idea t !re is no h>m 9 m5 be+ mi/ak51 or at lea/ only s little h>m z is m ?an comp5sat$ = by ! m>k$ tranquillity 9 :i* _! mi/ake may wrap !m4 ,?is is n an idea m]ely t intellectual error is a pa?ological necessity ( ! m9d1 no m to be escap$ ?an ! pa?ological necessities :i* afflict & f9ally dissolve ! body4 ,t is hi/orically true4 ,x is an idea t error someh[ 9 c]ta9 /ages1 :]e !re is en\gh ( x1 actually does good1 l vacc9ation4 ,well1 ! !sis ( ! pres5t *apt] is t errone\s op9ion or belief1 9 itself & z su*1 c nev] be useful4 ,?is may seem a truism :i* ev]ybody is will+ to accept )\t demur4 ,b x is "o ( ^? truisms :i* p]sons habitually =get & repudiate 9 practice1 j because !y h nev] made x real to !mselves by consid]+ & answ]+ ! objections t may be br\ght aga9/ x4 ,we see ?is repudiation be=e our eyes e day4 ,?us = in/ance1 p>5ts !oretically take x = grant$ t error _c be useful1 :ile !y are tea*+ or all[+ o!rs to tea* _! *ildr5 :at !y1 ! p>5ts1 believe to be untrue4 ,?us husb&s :o ?9k ! common !ology baseless & unmean+1 are f\nd to pref] t _! wives %all n "q ?is !ology nor neglect its rites4 ,^! are only two out ( a hundr$ examples ( ! daily admission t error may be v useful to o!r p4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t to d5y ?is1 z ! commonplace to :i* ?is *apt] is devot$ d5ies x1 is a diff]5t ?+ f d5y+ ! exp$i5cy ( lett+ errors alone at a giv5 "t4 ,t is ano!r "q1 to be discuss$ aft]w>ds4 ,y may h a ?or\ghly vici\s & dang]\s enemy1 & yet x may be exp$i5t to *oose y\r own h\r & occasion = attack+ him4 ',! passage f error to tru?1' 9 ! words ( ,condorcet1 'may be accompani$ by c]ta9 evils4 ,e great *ange necess>ily br+s "s ( ^! 9 its tra92 & ?\gh !y may be always f> bel[ ! evil y are = de/roy+1 yet x ought to d :at is possible to dim9i% !m4 ,x is n en\gh to d good2 "o mu/ d x 9 a good way4 ,no d\bt we %\ld de/roy all errors1 b z x is impossible to de/roy !m all 9 an in/ant1 we %\ld imitate a prud5t ar*itect :o1 :5 oblig$ to de/roy a build+1 & kn[+ h[ its p>ts are unit$ toge!r1 sets ab\t its demolition 9 su* a way z to prev5t its fall f be+ dang]\s4'#h ,^?1 let u note by ! way1 :o are accu/om$ to ?9k ! moral tone ( ! eighte5? c5tury l[ & gross comp>$ ) t ( ! n9ete5?1 may usefully contra/ ^! j & prud5t ^w8 ( caution 9 extirpat+ error1 ) ,m4 ,r5an's invitation to m5 :om he consid]s wrong 9 _! int]pretation ( religion1 to plant _! error z widely & deeply z !y c2 & :o are moreov] !mselves suppos$ to be demoralis$1 or else !y w\ld n be likely to acquiesce 9 a previ\s surr5d] ( ! univ]sities to m5 :om !y ?9k 9 mortal error4 ,ap>t h[ev] f ,m4 ,r5an1 ,condorcet's words m]ely ass]t ! duty ( sett+ to "w to help on ! *ange f false to true op9ions ) prud5ce1 & ?is e s5sible man admits4 ,our position is t 9 e/imat+ ! situation1 9 c\nt+ up & balanc+ ! exp$i5cies ( an attack ^u error at ?is or t po9t1 no?+ is to be set to ! cr$it ( error z su*1 nor is !re any?+ 9 its own op]ations or effects to entitle x to a mom5t's respite4 ,e "o w\ld admit ?is at once 9 ! case ( physical tru?s1 ?\gh !re are ^? :o say t "s ( ! "t sp5t 9 ! inve/igation ( physical tru?s might be m advantage\sly devot$ to social problems4 ,b 9 ! case ( moral & religi\s tru?s or errors1 p1 if !y admit t no?+ is to be set to ! cr$it ( error z su*1 /ill con/antly h a subtle & practically mis*iev\s confusion 9 _! m9ds betwe5 ! possible usefulness ( error1 & ! possible exp$i5cy ( leav+ x tempor>ily undi/urb$4 ,:at happ5s 9 consequ5ce ( su* a confusion is ?is4 ,m5 leave error undi/urb$1 because !y accept 9 a loose way ! proposition t a belief may be 'morally useful )\t be+ intellectually su/a9able1' ,!y disguise _! own diss5t f popul> op9ions1 because !y reg>d su* op9ions z useful to o!r p4 ,we are n n[ discuss+ ! case ( ^? :o embrace a cre$ = !mselves1 on ! gr\nd t1 ?\gh !y _c demon/rate its tru? to ! und]/&+1 yet !y f9d x pregnant ) moralis+ & elevat+ *>act]i/ics4 ,we are ?9k+ ( a v diff]5t attitude--t1 namely1 ( p]sons :o believe a cre$ to be n m morally useful ?an x is intellectually su/a9able1 s f> z !y !mselves are conc]n$4 ,to !m x is pure & uncomp5sat$ error4 ,yet f a vague & g5]al idea t :at is useless error to !m may be useful to o!rs1 !y insi/ on do+ _! be/ to p]petuate ! sy/em :i* spreads & consecrates ! error4 ,& h[ d !y settle ! "q8 ,!y reckon up ! advantages1 & =get ! drawbacks4 ,!y detect & dwell on "o or two elem5ts ( utility 9 ! false belief or ! worn-out in/itution1 & leave out ( all acc\nt ! elem5ts t make 9 ! o!r direction4 ,consid]+ h[ mu* influ5ce ?is vague p]suasion has 9 enc\rag+ a well-mean+ hypocrisy 9 individuals1 & a pr(\nd /agnation 9 societies1 x may be well to exam9e ! matt] some:at g5]ally4 ,let u try to measure ! =ce ( "s ( ! mo/ usual pleas = error4 ,i4 ,a false op9ion1 x may be said1 is frequ5tly f\nd to h clu/]+ ar\nd x a multitude ( excell5t associations1 :i* d f> m good ?an ! false op9ion t supports !m1 does h>m4 ,9 ! middle ages1 = in/ance1 !re 0 a belief t a holy man _h ! gift ( r\t+ demons1 ( heal+ ! sick1 & ( work+ div]s o!r miracles4 ,suppos+ t ?is belief 0 untrue1 suppos+ t x 0 an error to attribute ! sudd5 dea? ( an incr$ible multitude ( tr\blesome flies 9 a *ur* to ! fact ( ,sa9t ,b]n>d hav+ excommunicat$ !m1 :at !n8 ,! mi/ak5 op9ion 0 /ill associat$ ) a deep rev]5ce = virtue & sanctity1 & ?is 0 m valuable1 ?an ! error ( ! explanation ( ! dea? ( ! flies 0 noxi\s or degrad+4 ,! answ] to ?is seems to be z foll[s4 ,fir/1 9 mak+ false notions ! pro(s or close associates ( true ones1 y are expos+ ! latt] to ! ru9 :i* awaits ! =m]4 ,= example1 if y h 9 ! m9ds ( *ildr5 or s]vants associat$ hone/y1 indu/ry1 tru?fulness1 ) ! fe> ( hell-fire1 !n suppos+ ?is fe> to become ext9ct 9 _! m9ds1--:i*1 be+ unf\nd$ 9 tru?1 x is 9 con/ant risk ( do+--! virtues associat$ ) x are likely to be weak5$ exactly 9 proportion z t association 0 /rong4 ,second1 = all good habits 9 ?\ght or conduct !re are good & real reasons 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,to leave su* habits atta*$ to false op9ions is to less5 ! weight ( ^! natural or spontane\s reasons1 & s to d m h>m 9 ! long run ?an effacem5t ( !m seems = a "t to d good4 ,mo/ excell5ces 9 human "* h a spontane\s root 9 our nature4 ,moreov] if !y _h n1 & :]e !y h n1 !re is always a valid & real ext]nal def5ce = !m4 ,! unreal def5ce mu/ be weak] ?an ! real "o1 & ! sub/itution ( a weak = a /rong def5ce1 :]e bo? are to be _h1 is n useful b ! v opposite4 ,,ii4 ,x is true1 ! objector w\ld probably cont9ue1 t !re is a rational def5ce = all excell5ces ( conduct1 z !re is = all t is wor?y & fitt+ 9 in/itutions4 ,b ! =ce ( a rational def5ce lies 9 ! rationality ( ! man to :om x is pr(f]$4 ,! argum5ts :i* p]suade "o tra9$ 9 sci5tific habits ( ?\ght1 only t\* p]sons ( ! same k9d4 ,"* is n all pure reason4 ,t fitness ( ?+s :i* y pron\nce to be ! f\ndation ( good habits1 may be borne 9 ^u m51 & may speak to !m1 ?r\gh o!r *annels ?an ! syllogism4 ,y assume a community ( highly-tra9$ wrangl]s & pr(ici5t sophi/]s4 ,! pla9 fact is t1 = ! mass ( m51 use & wont1 rude or graci\s symbols1 bl9d cu/om1 prejudices1 sup]/itions1--h[ev] errone\s 9 !mselves1 h[ev] inadequate to ! conveyance ( ! be/ tru?1--are ! only safe gu>dians ( ! common virtues4 ,9 ?is s5se1 !n1 error may h its usefulness4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago ?is apology = error 0 met by ^? high-m9d$ & int]e/+ m51 ! ,fr5* believ]s 9 human p]fectibility1 ) _! *>act]i/ic dogma1--( :i* ,r\sseau 0 ! ard5t exp\nd]1--t man is born ) a cle> & unsophi/icat$ _s1 p]fectly able to disc]n all ! simple tru?s necess>y = common conduct by its own unaid$ light4 ,8 motives are all pure & unselfi% & 8 intellig5ce is uncl\d$1 until prie/s & tyrants mutilate ! "o & corrupt ! o!r4 ,we :o h ! b5efit ( ! hi/oric me?od1 & h to take into acc\nt ! m$ium t surr\nds a human creature ! mom5t x comes into ! _w1 to say no?+ ( all ! inh]itance f ! pa/ :i* x br+s )9 x into ! _w at ! same mom5t1 _c take up ?is gr\nd4 ,we _c ma9ta9 t ev]ybody is born ) light en\gh to see ! rational def5ces ( ?+s = himself1 )\t ! education ( in/itutions4 ,:at we d ma9ta9 is--& ?is is ! answ] to ! plea = error at pres5t "u consid]ation--t :atev] impairs ! brightness ( su* light z a man has1 is n useful b hurtful4 ,our reply to ^? :o cont5d = ! usefulness ( error on ! gr\nd ( ! comp>ative impot5ce ( rationality ov] ord9>y m9ds1 is some?+ ( ?is k9d4 ,sup]/ition1 bl9d ob$i5ce to cu/om1 & ! o!r sub/itutes = a "r & indep5d5t use ( ! m9d1 may accid5tally & 9 "s few respects impress good ideas ^u p]sons :o are too d>k5$ to accept ^? ideas on _! real m]its4 ,b !n sup]/ition itself is ! ma9 cause ( ?is v d>kness4 ,to hold error is 9 s f> to fo/] errone\s ways ( ?9k+ on all subjects2 is to make ! intellig5ce less & less ready to receive tru? 9 all matt]s :atev]4 ,m5 are made incapable ( p]ceiv+ ! rational def5ces1 & ( feel+ rational motives1 = good habits1--s f> z !y are ?us incapable1--by ! v errors :i* we are ask$ sil5tly to c\nt5ance z useful sub/itutes = "r reason4 ',errone\s motives1' z ,condorcet has express$ ?is matt]1 'h an additional drawback atta*$ to !m1 ! habit :i* !y /r5g!n ( reason+ ill4 ,! m important ! subject on :i* y reason ill1 & ! m y busy y\rself ab\t x1 by s mu* ! m dang]\s d ! influ5ces ( su* a habit become4 ,x is especially on subjects analog\s to t on :i* y reason wrongly1 or :i* y connect ) x by habit1 t su* a defect ext5ds mo/ p[]fully & mo/ rapidly4 ,h5ce x is extremely h>d = ! man :o believes himself oblig$ to con=m 9 8 conduct to :at he consid]s tru?s useful to m51 b :o attributes ! obligation to errone\s motives1 to reason v correctly on ! tru?s !mselves2 ! m att5tion he pays to su* motives1 & ! m importance he comes to atta* to !m1 ! m likely he w be to g wrong4'#i ,s1 9 %ort1 sup]/ition does an imm5se h>m by enfeebl+ rational ways ( ?9k+2 x does a little good by accid5tally endors+ rational conclusions 9 "o or two matt]s4 ,& yet1 ?\gh ! evil :i* x is said to repair is a trifle beside ! evil :i* x is admitt$ to inflict1 ! balance ( exp$i5cies is aft] all decl>$ to be su* z to w>rant u 9 call+ errors useful6 ,,iii4 ,a ?ird objection n[ pres5ts itself to me1 :i* ,i wi% to /ate z /rongly z possible4 ',ev5 if a false op9ion _c 9 itself be m useful ?an a true "o1 :atev] good habits may seem to be connect$ ) x1 yet1' x may be cont5d$1 'relatively to ! g5]al m5tal attitude ( a set ( m51 to _! o!r notions & maxims1 ! false op9ion may entail less h>m ?an w\ld be wr\ght by its m]e demolition4 ,!re are false op9ions s intimately b\nd up ) ! :ole way ( ?9k+ & feel+1 t to introduce "o or two deta*$ true op9ions 9 _! /ead1 w\ld1 ev5 if x 7 possible1 only s]ve to break up t coh]5cy ( "* & conduct :i* x is "o ( ! *ief objects ( morali/s & ! great art ( liv+ to produce4 ,= a true op9ion does n necess>ily br+ 9 its tra9 all ! o!r true op9ions t are logically connect$ ) x4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is only too notori\s a fact 9 ! hi/ory ( belief1 t n m]ely individuals b :ole societies are capable ( hold+ at "o & ! same "t contradictory op9ions & mutually de/ructive pr9ciples4 ,on ! o!r h&1 nei!r does a false op9ion involve practically all ! evil consequ5ces d$ucible f x4 ,= ! results ( human inconsi/5cy are n all unhappy1 & if we d n always act up to virtu\s pr9ciple1 no m d we always "w out to its remote/ inf]5ce e vici\s pr9ciple4 ,n ins9c]ity1 b inconsi/5cy1 has con/antly turn$ ! adh]5ts ( p]secut+ precepts into fri5ds ( tol]ant practice4' ',x is a comp>atively small ?+ to p]suade a sup]/iti\s p]son to ab&on ?is or t article ( 8 sup]/ition4 ,y h no security t ! rejection ( ! "o article :i* y h displac$ w lead to ! rejection ( any o!r1 & x is q possible t x may lead to all ! m f]vid an adhesion to :at rema9s beh9d4 ,error1 !re=e1 9 view ( su* consid]ations may surely be all[$ to h at lea/ a provisional utility4' ,n[ und\bt$ly ! repudiation ( error is n at all ! same ?+ z embrac+ tru?4 ,p are (t5 able to see ! =ce ( argum5ts t de/roy a giv5 op9ion1 )\t be+ able to see ! =ce ( argum5ts = ! positive op9ion t ought to replace x4 ,!y c only be q sure ( see+ bo?1 :5 !y h acquir$ n m]ely a conviction t "o notion is false & ano!r true1 b h fur!rmore ex*ang$ a g5]ally errone\s way ( ?9k+ = a g5]ally correct way4 ,h5ce ! truly important object ) e "o :o holds op9ions :i* he deems x ( ! highe/ mom5t t o!rs %\ld accept1 mu/ obvi\sly be to rea* p's g5]al ways ( ?9k+2 to /ir _! love ( tru?2 to p5etrate !m ) a s5se ( ! diff]5ce 9 ! quality ( evid5ce2 to make !m will+ to li/5 to criticism & new op9ion2 & p]haps above all to tea* !m to take ungrudg+ & daily tr\ble to cle> up 9 _! m9ds ! exact s5se ( ! t]ms !y use4 ,if ?is be s1 a false op9ion1 l an errone\s motive1 c h>dly h ev5 a provisional usefulness4 ,= h[ c y attack an errone\s way ( ?9k+ except 9 detail1 t is to say ?r\gh ! sides ( ?is or t s+le wrong op9ion8 ,ea* ( ^! wrong op9ions is an illu/ration & type1 z x is a /&+ support & abettor1 ( "s k9d ( wrong reason+1 ?\gh !y are n all on ! same scale nor all ( !m equally in/ructive4 ,x is precisely by ?is me?od ( gradual displacem5t ( error /ep by /ep1 t ! few /ages ( progress :i* ! race has yet trav]s$1 h be5 actually a*iev$4 ,ev5 if ! place ( ! errone\s idea is n imm$iately tak5 by ! correspond+ true "o1 or by ! idea :i* is at lea/ "o or two degrees ne>] to ! true "o1 /ill ! removal ( error 9 ?is purely negative way am\nts to a positive ga94 ,:y8 ,= ! excell5t reason t x is ! removal ( a bad elem5t :i* o!rwise t5ds to propagate itself1 or ev5 if x fails to d t1 t5ds at ! be/ to make ! surr\nd+ mass ( error m invet]ate4 ,all error is :at physiologi/s t]m fissip>\s1 & 9 ext]m9at+ "o false op9ion y may be h9d]+ ! gr[? ( an unc\nt$ brood ( false op9ions4 ,!n z to ! ma9t5ance ( t coh]5cy1 int]dep5d5ce1 & sy/ematisation ( op9ions & motives1 :i* is said to make "* organic1 & is !re=e s highly priz$ by "s s*ools ( ?\ght4 ,no d\bt ! loos5+ ( ?is or t "p ( ! fabric ( het]og5e\s orig91 :i* con/itutes ! "* ( a man or woman1 t5ds to loos5 ! :ole4 ,b d n let u fe$ ourselves ^u phrases4 ,?is organic coh]5cy1 :at does x come to8 ,x signifies 9 a g5]al way1 to describe x briefly1 a h>mony betwe5 ! intellectual1 ! moral1 & ! practical p>ts ( human nature2 an undi/urb$ coop]ation betwe5 reason1 affection1 & w2 ! reason prescrib+ no?+ aga9/ :i* ! affections revolt1 & proscrib+ no?+ :i* !y crave2 & ! w obey+ ! jo9t impulses ( ^! two direct+ =ces1 )\t liability to caprici\s or extravagant di/urbance ( _! direction4 ,well1 if ! reason 7 p]fect 9 in=mation & me?od1 & ! affections faultless 9 _! impulse1 !n organic unity ( "* w\ld be ! f9al consummation ( all human improvem5t1 & x w\ld be crim9al1 ev5 if x 7 possible1 to und]m9e a /ructure ( su* priceless value4 ,b %ort ( ?is !re c be no value 9 coh]5cy & h>moni\s consi/5cy z su*4 ,s long z error is an elem5t 9 x1 !n = s long ! :ole product is vitiat$4 ,und5iably & mo/ =tunately1 social virtues are f\nd side by side ) speculative mi/akes & ! grave/ intellectual imp]fections4 ,we may apply to humanity ! idea :i*1 z ,hebrew /ud5ts tell u1 is imput$ 9 ! ,talmud to ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,god prays1 ! ,talmud says2 & 8 pray] is ?is1--',be x my w t my m]cy ov]p[] my ju/ice4' ,& s ) m51 ) or )\t _! w1 _! m]cifulness ov]p[]s _! logic4 ,& n _! m]cifulness only1 b all _! good impulses ov]p[] _! logic4 ,to repeat ! words :i* ,i h put into ! objector's m\?1 we d n always "w out e vici\s pr9ciple to its remote/ inf]5ce4 ,:at1 h[ev]1 is ?is b to say t 9 su* cases "* is sav$1 n by its coh]5cy1 b by ! opposite2 to say n t error is useful1 b :at is a v diff]5t ?+1 t its mis*iev\sness is sometimes capable ( be+ av]t$ or m9imis$8 ,! apologi/ may retort t he did n mean answ] to ! argum5t f coh]5cy ( conduct4 ,9 measur+ utility y h to take into acc\nt n m]ely ! s]vice r5d]$ to ! objects ( ! pres5t h\r1 b ! contribution to gr[?1 progress1 & ! future4 ,f ?is po9t ( view mo/ ( ! talk ab\t unity ( "* is n mu* m ?an a glorify+ ( /agnation4 ,x leaves out ( sight ! conditions necess>y = ! cont9uance ( ! un5d+ task ( human improvem5t4 ,n[ :atev] ease may be giv5 to an individual or a g5]ation by social or religi\s error1 su* error at any rate c conduce no?+ to fur!r advancem5t ,t1 at lea/1 is n "o ( its possible utilities4 ,?is is also "o ( ! answ]s to ! foll[+ plea4 ',?\gh ! k ( e positive tru? is an useful acquisition1 ?is doctr9e _c )\t res]vation he appli$ to negative tru?4 ,:5 ! only tru? asc]ta9able is t no?+ c be kn[n1 we d n1 by ?is k1 ga9 any new fact by :i* to guide ourselves4'#aj ,b logical coh]5cy1 b a k9d ( practical ev]yday coh]5cy1 :i* may be op5 to a ?\s& ab/ract objections1 yet :i* /ill secures bo? to ! individual & to society a numb] ( advantages t might be endang]$ by any di/urbance ( op9ion or motive4 ,no d\bt1 & ! me?od & season ( *as+ errone\s op9ions & motives out ( ! m9d mu/ always be a matt] ( mu* c>eful & f>-see+ consid]ation4 ,only 9 ! c\rse ( su* consid]ation1 let u n admit ! notion 9 any =m t error c h ev5 provisional utility4 ,= x is n ! error :i* conf]s ! advantages t we desire to pres]ve1 b "s true op9ion or j motive or high or hone/ s5tim5t1 :i* exi/s & ?rives & op]ates 9 spite ( ! error & 9 face ( x1 spr++ f man's spontane\s & un=mulat$ recognition ( ! real relations ( ?+s4 ,?is recognition is v fa9t 9 ! beg9n+s ( society4 ,x gr[s cle>] & firm] ) ea* /ep =w>d4 ,& 9 a tol]ably civilis$ age x has become a =ce on :i* y c fairly lean ) a consid]able degree ( assurance4 ,& ?is leads to ! c5tral po9t ( ! ! negative tru? t no?+ c be kn[n is 9 fact a tru? t guides u4 ,transcrib]'s note3 sic4 ,x leads u away f /]ile & irreclaimable tracts ( ?\ght & emotion1 & s inevitably compels ! en]gies :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 wa/$1 to feel aft] a m pr(itable direction4 ,by leav+ ! old guide-m>ks undi/urb$1 y may give ease to an exi/+ g5]ation1 b ! pres5t ease is pur*as$ at ! co/ ( future gr[?4 ,to h be5 depriv$ ( ! fai? ( ! old disp5sation1 is ! fir/ condition ( /r5u\s endeav\r aft] ! new4 ,no d\bt hi/ory ab\nds ) cases 9 :i* a false op9ion on moral or religi\s subjects1 or an errone\s motive 9 conduct1 has seem$ to be a /epp+-/one to tru?4 ,b ?is is 9 no s5se a demon/ration ( ! utility ( error4 ,= 9 all su* cases ! errone\s op9ion or motive 0 f> f be+ :olly errone\s1 or :olly )\t elem5ts ( tru? & reality4 ,if x help$ to quick5 ! spe$ or m5d ! direction ( progress1 t mu/ h be5 by virtue ( "s su* elem5ts )9 x4 ,all t 0 error 9 x 0 pure wa/e1 or worse ?an wa/e4 ,x is true t ! religi\s s5tim5t has clo!d itself 9 a great numb] ( unwor?y1 inadequate1 depress+1 & o!rwise mislead+ %apes1 dogmatic & liturgic4 ,yet on ! :ole ! religi\s s5tim5t has conf]r$ enorm\s b5efits on civilisation4 ,?is is no pro( ( ! utility ( ! mi/ak5 direction :i* ^! dogmatic or liturgic %apes impos$ ^u x4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! effect ( ! false dogmas & en]vat+ liturgies is s mu* t has to be d$uct$ f ! advantages conf]r$ by a s5tim5t 9 itself valuable & ( priceless capability4#aa ,yes1 x w be urg$1 b f ! hi/oric conditions ( ! "t1 tru? c\ld only be convey$ 9 errone\s =ms1 & motives ( p]man5t price = humanity c\ld only be secur$ 9 ^! mi/ak5 expressions4 ,"h ,i w\ld aga9 press ! po9t ( ?is necessity = errone\s =ms & mi/ak5 expressions be+1 9 a great _m ( ! mo/ important in/ances1 itself d]ivative1 "o among o!r ill consequ5ces ( previ\s moral & religi\s error4 ',x 0 gravely said1' ,bacon tells u1 'by "s ( ! prelates 9 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 :]e ! doctr9es ( ! ,s*oolm5 h great sway2 t ! s*oolm5 7 l ,a/ronom]s1 :i* did faigne ,ecc5tricks & ,epicycles & ,eng9es ( ,orbs to save ! ,ph5om5a2 ?\gh !y "k !re 7 no su* ,?+s2 & 9 l mann] t ! ,s*oolm5 _h fram$ a numb] ( subtile & intricate ,axioms & ,!orems1 to save ! practice ( ! ,*ur*4' ,?is is true ( mu* else besides s*ola/ic axioms & !orems4 ,subord9ate error 0 made necess>y & inv5t$1 by reason ( "s pro-exi/5t ma9 /ock ( error1 & to save ! practice ( ! ,*ur*4 ,?us we are (t5 ref]r$ to ! consolation :i* ?is or t doctr9e has br\ght to ! human _s4 ,b :at if ! same sy/em _h produc$ ! t]ror :i* made abs5ce ( consolation intol]able8 ,h[ mu* ( ! necessity = express+ ! enl>g$ humanity ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! doctr9e ( purgatory1 arose f ! exi/5ce ( ! old] uns(t5$ doctr9e ( et]nal hell8 ,aga91 h[ mu* ( ?is alleg$ necessity ( error1 z alloy = ! too pure metal ( /]l+ tru?1 is to be expla9$ by ! int]e/ :i* p[]ful ca/es or corporations h _h 9 pres]v+ ! errone\s =ms1 ev5 :5 !y c\ld n resi/1 or did n wi% to resi/1 _! impregnation by new] & bett] doctr9e8 ,?is int]e/ 0 n delib]ately s9i/] or malignant4 ,x may be m correctly z well z m *>itably expla9$ by t infirmity ( human nature1 :i* makes u v ready to believe :at x is on o!r gr\nds conv5i5t to u to believe4 ,nobody attributes to pure malevol5ce ! he>t9ess ) :i* ! great corporation ( lawy]s1 = example1 resi/ ! removal ( sup]flu\s & ob/ructive =ms 9 _! practice2 !y h come to look on su* =ms z indisp5sable safegu>ds4 ,h5ce p[]ful tea*]s & prea*]s ( all k9ds h be5 spontane\sly incl9$ to suppose a necessity1 :i* _h no real exi/5ce1 ( pres]v+ z mu* z 0 possible ( :at we "k to be error1 ev5 :ile introduc+ :olesome modification ( x4 ,?is is ! hone/1 ?\gh mis*iev\s1 cons]vatism ( ! human m9d4 ,we h no "r to condemn our =ego]s2 f> less to lavi% on !m ! evil names ( impo/or1 *>latan1 & brig&1 :i* ! zeal\s unhi/oric s*ool ( ! la/ c5tury us$ s pr(usely4 ,b we h a "r to say ( !m1 z we say ( ^? :o imitate _! policy n[1 t _! cons]vatism is no additional pro( ( ! utility ( error4 ,lea/ ( all is x any ju/ification = ^? :o wi% to h impress$ ^u ! p a complete sy/em ( religi\s op9ion :i* m5 ( culture h av[$ly put away4 ,&1 moreov]1 ! v prie/s mu/1 ,i %\ld ?9k1 be suppos$ to h put x away also4 ,else !y w\ld h>dly be invit$ delib]ately to abdicate _! tea*+ functions 9 ! v seats :]e tea*+ is ( ! weightie/ & mo/ f>-spread+ influ5ce4 ,mean:ile our po9t is t ! re=ms 9 op9ion :i* h be5 effect$ on ! plan ( p\r+ ! new w9e ( tru? into ! old bottles ( sup]/ition--?\gh n di%on\rable to ! s9c]ity ( ! re=m]s--are no te/imony to ev5 ! tempor>y usefulness ( error4 ,^? :o ?9k o!rwise d n look f> en\gh 9 front ( ! ev5t4 ,!y =get ! evil wr\ght by ! prolong$ duration ( ! error1 to :i* ! add$ p>ticle ( tru? may h giv5 new vitality4 ,!y ov]look ! ultimate en]vation t is s (t5 ! price paid = ! tempor>y exaltation4 ,nor1 f9ally1 c !y "k ! tru?s :i* ! error ?us prolong$ has h9d]$ f com+ to ! bir?4 ,a /r5u\s disputant has rec5tly ass]t$ aga9/ me t '! region ( ! might h be5 lies beyond ! limits ( sane speculation4'#ab ,x 9 surely ext5d+ optimism too f> to insi/ on c>ry+ x back "r ?r\gh ! ages4 ,to me at any rate ! hi/ory ( mank9d is a huge pis-all]1 j z our pres5t society is2 a prodigi\s wa/eful exp]im5t1 f :i* a c]ta9 numb] ( preci\s results h be5 extract$1 b :i* is n n[1 nor ev] has be5 at any o!r "t1 a f9al measure ( all ! possibilities ( ! "t4 ,?is is n inconsi/5t ) ! sci5tific conception ( hi/ory2 x is n to d5y ! great law t society has a c]ta9 ord] ( progress2 b only to urge t )9 t1 ! only possible ord]1 !re is always room = all k9ds & degrees ( inv5tion1 improvem5t1 & happy or unhappy accid5t4 ,!re is no discov]able law fix+ precisely ! m or ! less ( ^!2 nor h[ mu* ( ea* ( !m a community %all meet )1 nor exactly :5 x %all meet ) !m4 ,we h to di/+ui% betwe5 possibility & necessity4 ,only c]ta9 /eps 9 advance are possible at a giv5 "t2 b x is n inevitable t ^? pot5tial advances %\ld all be realis$4 ,does anybody suppose t humanity has _h ! pr(it ( all ! inv5tive & improv+ capacity born into ! _w8 ,t ,turgot1 = example1 0 ! only man t ev] liv$ :o might h done m = society ?an he 0 all[$ to d1 & sp>$ society a cataclysm8 ,no1--hi/ory is a pis-all]4 ,x has assur$ly n mov$ )\t ! relation ( cause & effect2 x is a record ( social gr[? & its conditions2 b x is also a record ( int]ruption & misadv5ture & p]turbation4 ,y trace ! long *a9 :i* has made u :at we are 9 ?is aspect & t4 ,b :]e are ! dropp$ l9ks t might h made all ! diff]5ce8 ,ubi sunt eorum tabulae qui po/ vota nuncupate p]i]unt8 ,:]e is ! fruit ( ^? multitud9\s gifts :i* came into ! _w 9 untimely seasons8 ,we accept ! pa/ = ! same reason t we accept ! laws ( ! sol> sy/em1 ?\gh1 z ,comte says1 'we c easily conceive !m improv$ 9 c]ta9 respects4' ,! pa/1 l ! sol> sy/em1 is beyond rea* ( modification at our h&s1 & we _c help x4 ,b x is surely ! m]e midsumm] madness ( philosophic complac5cy to ?9k t we h come by ! %orte/ & easie/ ( all imag9able r\tes to our pres5t po9t 9 ! m>*2 to suppose t we h wa/$ no?+1 lo/ no?+1 cruelly de/roy$ no?+1 on ! road4 ,:at we h lo/ is all 9 ! region ( ! 'might h be51' & we are ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ ?is into acc\nt1 & ?9k+ mu* ( x1 & 9 try+ to f9d causes = ! loss4 ,"o ( !m has be5 want ( lib]ty = ! human intellig5ce2 & ano!r1 to return to our prop] subject1 has be5 ! prolong$ exi/5ce ( sup]/ition1 ( false op9ions1 & ( atta*m5t to gross symbols1 beyond ! "t :5 !y might h be5 successfully attack$1 & w\ld h fall5 into decay b = ! mi/ak5 political notion ( _! utility4 ,9 mak+ a j e/imate ( ?is utility1 if we see reason to believe t ^! false op9ions1 n>r[ sup]/itions1 gross symbols1 h be5 an imp$im5t to ! free ex]cise ( ! intellig5ce & a wor?i] culture ( ! emotions1 !n we are ju/ifi$ 9 plac+ ! unkn[n loss z a real & mo/ weighty item 9 ! acc\nt aga9/ !m4 ,9 %ort1 !n1 ! utmo/ t c be said on behalf ( errors 9 op9ion & motive1 is t !y are inevitable elem5ts 9 human gr[?4 ,b ! inevitable does n co9cide ) ! useful4 ,pa9 c be avoid$ by none ( ! sons ( m51 yet ! horrible & uncomp5sat$ subtraction :i* x makes f ! value & usefulness ( human life1 is "o ( ! mo/ =midable ob/acles to ! smoo!r progress ( ! _w4 ,& z ) pa91 s ) error4 ,! moral ( our cont5tion has ref]5ce to ! temp] 9 :i* practically we ought to reg>d false doctr9e & ill-direct$ motive4 ,x goes to %[ t if we h satisfi$ ourselves on good gr\nds t ! doctr9e is false1 or ! motive ill direct$1 !n ! only "q t we ne$ ask ourselves turns solely ^u ! possibility ( break+ x up & disp]s+ x1 by me?ods compatible ) ! doctr9e ( lib]ty4 ,any emb>rassm5t 9 deal+ ) x1 due to a semi-lat5t notion t x may be useful to "s "o else is a weakness t h9d]s social progress4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #e3 ,mill's ,autobiography p4 #agj4 ,footnote #f3 ,m4 ,r5an's ,r=me ,intellectuelle et ,morale de la ,france1 p4 #ih4 ,footnote #g3 ,etudes d',hi/oire ,religieuse1 ,preface1 p4 xvi4 ,footnote #h3 ,9 #aggi ! ,academy ( ,prussia ann\nc$ ?is z ! "q = _! annual prize essay3--',s'il e/ utile au peuple d'tre tromp4' ,!y receiv$ ?irty-?ree essays2 tw5ty %[+ t x is n useful1 ?irte5 %[+ t x is4 ,! ,academy1 ) an imp>tiality t caus$ mu* amusem5t 9 ,p>is & ,b]l91 aw>d$ two prizes1 "o to ! be/ pro( ( ! negative answ]1 ano!r to ! be/ pro( ( ! affirmative4 ,see ,b>?olmess1 ,hi/4 ,philosophique de l',acadmie de ,prusse1 i4 #bha1 & ii4 #bgh4 ,condorcet did n actually compete = ! prize1 b he wrote a v acute piece1 sugge/$ by ! !me1 :i* 0 pr9t$ 9 #agij4 ,oeuv4 v4 #cdc4 ,to illu/rate ! common fact ( c]ta9 curr5ts ( ?\ght be+ 9 ! air at giv5 times1 we may m5tion t 9 #aggj 0 publi%$ ! po/hum\s "w ( ano!r ,fr5*man1 ,*esneau du ,m>sais 7#afgf-agef7 entitl$3--',essai sur les ,prjugs2 ou de l'influ5ce des ,op9ions sur les ,moeurs et sur le ,bonheur des ,hommes4' ,! pr9cipal prejudices to :i* he ref]s are class$ "u ,antiquity--,ance/ry--,native ,c\ntry--,religion--,respect = ,weal?4 ,"s ( ! reason+ is almo/ v]bally id5tical ) ,condorcet's4 ,= an acc\nt ( ,du ,m>sais1 see ,d',alemb]t1 ,oeuv4 iii #dha4 ,footnote #i3 ,oeuv4 v4 #ced4 ,footnote #aj3 ,mill's ,?ree ,essays on ,religion1 p4#gc4 ,i h (f]$ "s criticisms on ! :ole passage 9 ,critical ,miscellanies1 ,second ,s]ies1 pp4 #cjj-cjd4 ,footnote #aa3 ',enf91 supposons p\r un in/ant que le dogme de l'autre vie soit de quelqu'utilit1 et qu'il reti5ne vraim5t un petit nombre d'individus1 qu'e/-ce que ces foibles avantages comp>s la f\le de maux que l'on en voir dc\l]8 ,contre un homme timide que cette ide conti5t1 il en e/ des millions qu'elle ne peut cont5ir2 il en des millions qu'elle r5d ins5ss1 f>\*es1 fanatiques1 inutiles et m*ants2 il en e/ des millions qu'elle dt\rne de leurs devoirs env]s la socit2 il en e/ une inf9it qu'elle afflige et qu'elle tr\ble1 sans aucun bi5 rel p\r leurs associs4--,sy/me de la ,nature1 i4 xiii4 ,footnote #ab3 ,sir ,j4,f4 ,/eph5's ,lib]ty1 ,equality1 & ,frat]nity1 #b;d4 ed41 p4 #ai1 note4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,intellectual ,,responsibility ,,& ,,! ,,political ,,_s4 ,we h be5 consid]+ ! position ( ^? :o w\ld fa9 divide ! community into two great ca/es2 ! "o ( ?\ghtful & in/ruct$ p]sons us+ _! m9ds freely1 b gu>d+ _! conclusions 9 /rict res]ve2 ! o!r ( ! illit]ate or unreflect+1 :o %\ld h c]ta9 op9ions & practices taught !m1 n because !y are true or are really :at _! vot>ies are made to believe !m to be1 b because ! intellectual sup]iors ( ! community ?9k ! inculcation ( su* a belief useful 9 all cases save _! own4 ,nor is ?is a m]e !ory4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is a fair description ( an exi/+ /ate ( ?+s4 ,we h ! old discipl9a arcani among u 9 z full =ce z 9 ! primitive *ur*1 b ) an all-important diff]5ce4 ,! ,*ri/ian fa!rs practis$ res]ve = ! sake ( lead+ ! acolyte ! m surely to ! fulness ( tru?4 ,! mod]n economis] keeps back 8 op9ions1 or dissembles ! gr\nds ( !m1 = ! sake ( leav+ 8 neighb\rs ! m at _! ease 9 ! peaceful sl\ghs ( prejudice & sup]/ition & l[ ideals4 ,we quote ,sa9t ,paul :5 he talk$ ( mak+ himself all ?+s to all m51 & ( becom+ to ! ,jews a ,jew1 & z )\t ! ,law to ! hea!n4 ,b !n we d s ) a view to ju/ify+ ourselves = leav+ ! ,jew to rema9 a ,jew1 & ! hea!n to rema9 hea!n4 ,we imitate ! same apo/le 9 accept+ old "t-worn alt>s d$icat$ to ! ,unkn[n ,god4 ,we =get t he made ! anci5t symbol ! />t+-po9t ( a revolutionis$ doctr9e4 ,!re is1 z anybody c see1 a :ole _w ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! res]ve ( sagaci\s apo/le%ip1 on ! "o h&1 deal+ t5d]ly ) scruple & te>fulness & f9e s5sibility ( consci5ce1 & ! res]ve ( intellectual c[>dice on ! o!r h&1 deal+ hypocritically ) n>r[ m9ds 9 ! suppos$ int]e/s ( social peace & quietness4 ,! old discipl9a arcani signifi$ ! disclosure ( a little light ) a view to ! disclosure ( m4 ,! new means ! dissimulation ( tru? ) a view to ! p]petuation ( error4 ,consid] ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two fa%ions ( compromise1 9 _! effects ^u ! m9d & "* ( ! p]son compromis+4 ,! "o is fully compatible ) f]v\r & hopefulness & devotion to great causes4 ,! o!r /amps a man ) artifice1 & h9d]s ! free eag]ness ( 8 vision1 & wraps him ab\t ) m$iocrity1--n always ( und]/&+1 b t /ill worse ?+1 m$iocrity ( aspiration & purpose4 ,! co>se/ & mo/ revolt+ %ape :i* ! doctr9e ( con=mity c assume1 & its degrad+ consequ5ces to ! "* ( ! con=m]1 may be conv5i5tly illu/rat$ by a passage 9 ! life ( ,hume4 ,he look$ at ?+s 9 a m practical mann] ?an w\ld f9d fav\r ) ! s5tim5tal *ampions ( compromise 9 ne>] times4 ,!re is a well-kn[n lett] ( ,hume's1 9 :i* he recomm5ds a "y man to become a cl]gyman1 on ! gr\nd t x 0 v h>d to got any tol]able civil employm5t1 & t z ,"l ,bute 0 !n all p[]ful1 8 fri5d w\ld be c]ta9 ( pref]m5t4 ,9 answ] to ! "y man's scruples z to ! ,articles & ! re/1 ,hume says3-- ',x is putt+ too great a respect on ! vulg> & _! sup]/itions to pique "o's self on s9c]ity ) reg>d to !m4 ,if ! ?+ 7 wor?y ( be+ treat$ gravely1 ,i %\ld tell him ! "y man t ! ,py?ian oracle ) ! approbation ( ,x5ophon advis$ e "o to wor%ip ! gods--,greek3 nhom pholes4 ,i wi% x 7 /ill 9 my p[] to be a hypocrite 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,! common duties ( society usually require x2 & ! ecclesia/ical pr(ession only adds a little m to an innoc5t dissimulation1 or r simulation1 )\t :i* x is impossible to pass ?r\gh ! _w4'#ac ,?is is a s+ul>ly /raight=w>d way ( /at+ a view :i* sil5tly influ5ces a mu* great] numb] ( m5 ?an x is pleasant to ?9k (4 ,!y w\ld %r9k f ?r[+ _! conduct into s gross a =mula4 ,!y w lift up _! h&s at ?is quotation1 s /rangely bl9d are we to ! hid+-places ( our own he>ts1 ev5 :5 o!rs fla% ^u !m ! t]rible illum9ation t comes ( call+ conduct & motives by pla9 names4 ,n[ x is n m]ely ! moral improbity ( ^! cases :i* revolts u--! improbity ( mak+ 9 solemn =m a numb] ( false /atem5ts = ! sake ( e>n+ a livelihood2 ( say+ 9 ord] to get money or social position t y accept a numb] ( propositions :i* 9 fact y utt]ly reject2 ( decl>+ expressly t y tru/ y are inw>dly mov$ to take ^u y ?is (fice & m9i/ration by ! ,holy ,gho/1 :5 ! real motive is a desire n to miss ! *ance ( mak+ some?+ out ( ! ,e>l ( ,bute4 ,?is side ( su* dissimulation is %ock+ en\gh4 ,& x is n any m %ock+ to ! mo/ dev\t believ] ?an x is to p :o d\bt :e!r !re be any ,holy ,gho/ or n4 ,^? :o no long] place _! highe/ fai? 9 p[]s above & beyond m51 are = t v reason m deeply int]e/$ ?an o!rs 9 *]i%+ ! integrity & wor?9ess ( man himself4 ,ap>t1 h[ev]1 f ! immorality ( su* reason$ hypocrisy1 :i* no man ) a p>ticle ( hone/y w attempt to bl9k1 !re is ! intellectual improbity :i* x br+s 9 its tra91 ! infidelity to tru?1 ! disloyalty to "o's own intellig5ce4 ,gifts ( und]/&+ are numb$ & enfeebl$ 9 a man1 :o has once play$ su* a trick ) 8 own consci5ce z to p]suade himself t1 because ! vulg> are sup]/iti\s1 x is "r = ! le>n$ to e>n money by turn+ !mselves into ! m9i/]s & accomplices ( sup]/ition4 ,if he is clev] en\gh to see ?r\gh ! vulg> & _! beliefs1 he is tol]ably sure to be clev] en\gh f "t to "t & 9 8 bett] mom5ts to see ?r\gh himself4 ,he beg9s to suspect himself ( be+ an impo/or4 ,t suspicion gradually unmans him :5 he comes to use 8 m9d 9 ! sph]e ( 8 own enlight5m5t4 ,"o ( really sup]ior p[] _c escape ^! bett] mom5ts & ! remorse t !y br+4 ,z he advances 9 life1 z 8 p[]s ought to be com+ to full] maturity & 8 intellectual productiv5ess to its prime1 j 9 ! same degree ! increas+ s]i\sness ( life multiplies su* mom5ts & deep5s _! remorse1 & s ! light ( intellectual promise sl[ly goes out 9 impot5t endeav\r1 or else 9 tak+ com=t t mu* goods are laid up1 or1 :at is deadlie/ ( all1 9 a s\lless cynicism4 ,we d n f9d out until x is too late t ! intellect too1 at lea/ :]e x is capable ( be+ ex]cis$ on ! high] objects1 has its s5sitiv5ess4 ,x loses its col\r & pot5cy & f9] fragrance 9 an atmosph]e ( mean purpose & l[ conception ( ! sacr$ness ( fact & reality4 ,:o has n obs]v$ inf]ior orig9al p[] a*iev+ great] results ev5 9 ! intellectual field itself1 :]e ! sup]ior und]/&+ happ5s to h be5 unequally yok$ ) a self-seek+ "*1 ov] sc5t+ ! exp$i5t8 ,if ,hume _h be5 9 ! e>ly productive "p ( 8 life ! hypocrite :i* he wi%$ x 7 9 8 p[] to %[ himself 9 its latt] "p1 we may be tol]ably sure t ,european philosophy w\ld h miss$ "o ( its =emo/ figures4 ,x has be5 (t5 said t he :o beg9s life by /ifl+ 8 convictions is 9 a fair way = end+ x )\t any convictions to /ifle4 ,we may1 p]haps1 add t he :o sets out ) ! notion t ! diff]5ce betwe5 tru? & falsehood is a ?+ ( no conc]n to ! vulg>1 is v likely soon] or lat] to come to ! k9dr$ notion t x is n a ?+ ( any supreme conc]n to himself4 ,let ?us mu* h be5 said z to ^? :o delib]ately & kn[+ly sell _! intellectual bir?right = a mess ( pottage1 mak+ a braz5 compromise ) :at !y hold despicable1 le/ !y %\ld h to w9 _! bread hon\rably4 ,m5 ne$ to exp5d no declamatory indignation ^u !m4 ,!y h a hell ( _! own2 words c add no bitt]ness to x4 ,x is no light ?+ to h secur$ a livelihood on condition ( go+ ?r\gh life mask$ & gagg$4 ,to be compell$1 week aft] week1 & ye> aft] ye>1 to recite ! symbols ( anci5t fai? & lift up 8 voice 9 ! e*oes ( old hopes1 ) ! blight+ ?\ght 9 8 s\l t ! fai? is a lie1 & ! hope no m ?an ! folly ( ! cr[d2 to read hundr$s ( times 9 a twelvemon? ) solemn unction z ! inspir$ ^w ( ! ,supreme :at to him are mean+less z ! ,abracadabras ( ! conjuror 9 a boo?2 to g on to ! end ( 8 days adm9i/]+ to simple folk holy rites ( commemoration & solace1 :5 he has 9 8 m9d at ea* phrase :at dupes are ^? simple folk & h[ we>isomely c\nt]feit _! rites3 & to "k ?r\gh all t ?is is really to be ! "o bus9ess ( 8 pro/itut$ life1 t s dre>y & hateful a piece ( play-act+ w make ! desp]ate retrospect ( 8 la/ h\rs--( a tru? "h is ! v ,greek3 bdhelygma ts ermhses1 ! abom9ation ( desolation ( ! human _s inde$4 ,no "o w suppose t ?is is design$ = ! normal type ( prie/4 ,b x is well to /udy t5d5cies 9 _! extreme cata/rophe4 ,?is is only ! cata/rophe1 9 "o ( its _m %apes1 ( ! fatal doctr9e t money1 position1 p[]1 philan?ropy1 or any ( ! ?\s& s$uctive masks ( ! pseudo-exp$i5t1 may c>ry a man away f love ( tru? & yet leave him int]nally unh>m$4 ,! depravation t foll[s ! truck+ = money ( intellectual fre$om & self-respect1 att5ds 9 its degree ea* o!r dep>ture f dis9t]e/$ foll[+ ( tru?1 & ea* o!r sub/itution ( conv5i5ce1 :e!r public or private1 9 its place4 ,& bo? p>ties to su* a compromise are los]s4 ,! _w :i* (f]s gifts & tacitly und]takes to ask no que/ions z to ! real /ate ( ! times]v]'s inn] m9d1 loses no less ?an ! times]v] himself :o receives ! gifts & promises to hold 8 peace4 ,x is z ?\gh a society plac$ p5alties on me*anical inv5tions & ! exploration ( new mat]ial res\rces1 & (f]$ b\nties = ! /eadie/ adh]5ce to all anci5t processes 9 culture & production4 ,! injury to weal? 9 ! "o case w\ld n be any deep] ?an ! injury to morality is 9 ! o!r4 ,to pass on to less s9i/] =ms ( ?is abnegation ( intellectual responsibility4 ,9 ! op5+ s5t5ces ( ! fir/ *apt] we spoke ( a wise susp5se 9 =m+ op9ions1 a wise res]ve 9 express+ !m1 & a wise t>d9ess 9 try+ to realise !m4 ,?us we meant to m>k out ! ?ree indep5d5t prov9ces ( compromise1 ea* ( !m be+ ! subject ( consid]ations t ei!r d n apply at all to ! o!r two1 or else apply 9 a diff]5t degree4 ,dis+5u\sness or self-illusion1 aris+ f a depress+ def]5ce to ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 or to :at is imm$iately practicable1 or to :at o!r p w\ld ?9k ( u if !y knew our ?\ghts1 is ! result ( compromis+ tru? 9 ! matt] ( =m+ & hold+ op9ions4 ,secondly1 positive simulation is :at comes ( an unlawful will+ness to compromise 9 ! matt] ( av[+ & publi%+ !m4 ,f9ally1 pusillanimity or want ( fai? is ! vice t belongs to unlawful compromise 9 ! dep>tm5t ( action & realisation4 ,?is is n m]ely a division arrang$ = conv5i5ce ( discussion4 ,x goes to ! root ( conduct & "*1 & is ! key to ! pres5t mood ( our society4 ,x is always a h>dy ?+ to attempt to ?r[ a complex matt] into v simple =m1 b we %\ld say t ! want ( en]gy & def9it5ess 9 contempor>y op9ions1 ( :i* we fir/ compla9$1 is due ma9ly to ! foll[+ notion2 t if a subject is n ripe = practical treatm5t1 y & ,i are !re=e entirely reliev$ f ! duty ( hav+ cle> ideas ab\t x4 ,if ! majority cl+ to an op9ion1 :y %\ld we ask :e!r t is ! s\nd & "r op9ion or ! rev]se8 ,n[ ?is notion1 :i* spr+s f a confusion ( ! ?ree fields ( compromise ) "o ano!r1 quietly reigns almo/ )\t dispute4 ,! devotion to ! practical aspect ( tru? is 9 su* excess1 z to make p habitually d5y t x c be wor? :ile to =m an op9ion1 :5 x happ5s at ! mom5t to be incapable ( realisation1 = ! reason t !re is no direct prospect ( induc+ a suffici5t numb] ( p]sons to %>e x4 ',we are q will+ to ?9k t y\r view is ! "r "o1 & w\ld produce all ! improvem5ts = :i* y hope2 b !n !re is n ! smalle/ *ance ( p]suad+ ! only p]sons able to c>ry out su* a view2 :y !re=e discuss x8' ,no talk is m famili> to u ?an ?is4 ,z if ! m]e possibility ( ! view be+ a "r "o did n obvi\sly entitle x to discussion2 discussion be+ ! only process by :i* p are likely to be induc$ to accept x1 or else to f9d good gr\nds = f9ally dismiss+ x4 ,x is precisely because we believe t op9ion1 & no?+ b op9ion1 c effect great p]man5t *anges1 t we ought to be c>eful to keep ?is mo/ pot5t =ce hone/1 :olesome1 fe>less1 & indep5d5t4 ,take ! political field4 ,politicians & newspap]s almo/ sy/ematically refuse to talk ab\t a new idea1 :i* is n capable ( be+ at once embodi$ 9 a bill1 & receiv+ ! royal ass5t be=e ! foll[+ ,augu/4 ,!re is some?+ r contemptible1 se5 f ! ord9>y /&>ds ( intellectual integrity1 9 ! position ( a m9i/] :o waits to make up 8 m9d :e!r a giv5 measure1 say ! dise/abli%m5t ( ! ,iri% ,*ur*1 is 9 itself & on ! m]its desirable1 until ! (ficial :o runs dilig5tly up & d[n ! back/airs ( ! p>ty1 tells him t ! measure is practicable & requir$ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! b&4 ,on ! "o h&1 a lead] is lavi%ly panegyris$ = 8 highm9d$ness1 9 suff]+ himself to be driv5 into 8 convictions by 8 p>ty4 ,on ! o!r1 a p>ty is extoll$ = its political tact1 9 suff]+ itself to be =c$ out ( its convictions by its lead]4 ,x is h>d to decide :i* is ! m discr$itable & demoralis+ sight4 ,! education ( *iefs by foll[]s1 & ( foll[]s by *iefs1 into ! ab&onm5t 9 a mon? ( ! traditions ( c5turies or ! pr9ciples ( a lifetime may conduce to ! rapid & easy work+ ( ! ma*9e4 ,x c]ta9ly m>ks a triumph ( ! political _s :i* ! au?or ( ,! ,pr9ce might h admir$4 ,x is assur$ly mortal to habits ( intellectual self-respect 9 ! society :i* all[s itself to be amus$ by ! cajol]y & leg]dema9 & self-sophi/ication ( its rul]s4 ,( c\rse !re are excell5t reasons :y a /atesman imm]s$ 9 ! actual conduct ( affairs1 %\ld conf9e 8 att5tion to ! "w :i* 8 h&s f9d to d4 ,b ! fact t lead+ /atesm5 are ( necessity s absorb$ 9 ! tasks ( ! h\r furni%es all ! bett] reason :y z _m o!r p z possible %\ld busy !mselves 9 help+ to prep>e op9ion = ! practical application ( unfamili> b weighty & promis+ sugge/ions1 by con/ant & ready discussion ( !m ^u _! m]its4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is n ! m5 mo/ occupi$ :o are usually mo/ deaf to new ideas4 ,x is ! l\ng]s ( politics1 ! quidnuncs1 gossips1 bu/l+ idl]s1 :o are mo/ indu/ri\s 9 /ifl+ discussion by prote/s aga9/ ! wa/e ( "t & ! loss ( =ce involv$ 9 talk+ ab\t proposals :i* are n exactly ready to be vot$ on4 ,z x is1 ev]ybody kn[s t que/ions are inadequately discuss$1 or (t5 n discuss$ at all1 on ! gr\nd t ! "t is n yet come = _! solution4 ,!n :5 "s un=ese5 p]turbation1 or ! natural c\rse ( ?+s1 =ces on ! "t = _! resolution1 !y are settl$ 9 a slov5ly1 imp]fect1 & (t5 d[nright vici\s mann]1 f ! fact t op9ion has n be5 prep>$ = solv+ !m 9 an effici5t & p]fect mann]4 ,! s-call$ settlem5t ( ! "q ( national education is ! mo/ rec5t & mo/ deplorable illu/ration ( :at comes ( refus+ to exam9e ideas alleg$ to be impracticable4 ,p]haps we may v5ture to prophesy t ! dis5d[m5t ( ! national *ur* w supply ! next illu/ration on an impos+ scale4 ,gratuit\s prim>y in/ruction1 & ! r$i/ribution ( electoral p[]1 are o!r matt]s ( signal importance1 :i* comp>atively few m5 w cons5t to discuss s]i\sly & pati5tly1 & = our indiff]5ce to :i* we %all "o day surely sm>t4 ,a judici\s & cool writ] has said t 'an op9ion gravely pr(ess$ by a man ( s5se & education dem&s always respectful consid]ation--dem&s & actually receives x f ^? ^: own s5se & education give !m a correlative "r2 & :oev] (f5ds aga9/ ?is sort ( c\rtesy may fairly be deem$ to h =feit$ ! privileges x secures4'#ad ,t is ! lea/ "p ( ! matt]4 ,! s]i\s mis*ief is ! ev5tual misc>riage & loss & prodigal wa/e ( good ideas4 ,! evil ( :i* we h be5 speak+ comes ( n see+ ! great tru?1 t x is wor? :ile to take pa9s to f9d out ! be/ way ( do+ a giv5 task1 ev5 if y h /rong gr\nds = suspect+ t x w ultimately be done 9 a worse way4 ,& s also 9 sph]es ( ?\ght away f ! political sph]e1 x is wor? :ile 'to scorn delights & live labori\s days' 9 ord] to make z sure z we c ( hav+ ! be/ op9ion1 ev5 if we "k t ?is op9ion has an inf9itely small *ance ( be+ spe$ily or ev] accept$ by ! majority1 or by anybody b ourselves4 ,tru? & wisdom h to bide _! "t1 & !n take _! *ance aft] all4 ,! mo/ t ! individual c d is to seek !m = himself1 ev5 if he seek alone4 ,& if x is ! mo/1 x is also ! lea/4 ,yet 9 our pres5t mood we seem n to feel ?is4 ,we misund]/& ! consid]ations :i* %\ld rightly lead u 9 practice to surr5d] "s ( :at we desire1 9 ord] to secure ! re/2 & rightly make u acquiesce 9 a second-be/ c\rse ( action1 9 ord] to avoid /agnation or retrogression4 ,we misund]/& all ?is1 & g on to suppose t !re are ! same gr\nds :y we %\ld 9 our own m9ds acquiesce 9 second-be/ op9ions2 :y we %\ld mix a little alloy ( conv5tional expression ) ! too f9e ore ( conviction2 :y we %\ld adopt beliefs t we suspect 9 our he>ts to be ( m ?an equivocal au!nticity1 b into ^: antec$5ts we d n greatly c>e to inquire1 because !y /& s well ) ! g5]al public4 ,?is is compromise or economy or managem5t ( ! fir/ ( ! ?ree k9ds ( :i* we are talk+4 ,x is economy appli$ to ! =mation ( op9ion2 compromise or managem5t 9 mak+ up "o's m9d4 ,! lawfulness or exp$i5cy ( x turns ma9ly1 z ) ! o!r two k9ds ( compromise1 ^u ! relative rights ( ! majority & ! m9ority1 & ^u ! respect :i* is ow+ f ! latt] to ! =m]4 ,x is a v easy ?+ = p end[$ ) ! fanatical temp]am5t1 or demoralis$ by ! habit ( look+ at society exclusively f ! juridical po9t ( view1 to insi/ t no respect at all1 except ! respect t arises f be+ too weak to h y\r own way1 is due f ei!r to ! o!r4 ,?is %all[ & mis*iev\s notion re/s ei!r on a mis9t]pretation ( ! exp]i5ce ( civilis$ societies1 or else on no?+ m cr$itable ?an an arbitr>y & unreflect+ temp]4 ,^? :o h ?\ght mo/ c>efully & dis9t]e/$ly ab\t ! matt]1 are agre$ t 9 advanc$ societies ! exp$i5t c\rse is t no portion ( ! community %\ld insi/ on impos+ its own w ^u any o!r portion1 except 9 matt]s :i* are vitally connect$ ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! social union4 ,! "q :]e ?is vital connection beg9s is op5 to mu* discussion4 ,! l9e def9+ ! sph]e ( legitimate int]f]5ce may be drawn v>i\sly1 :e!r at self-reg>d+ acts1 or 9 "s o!r condition & elem5t ( conduct4 ,:]ev] ?is l9e may be be/ tak51 n only ab/ract speculation1 b ! practical & spontane\s tact ( ! _w1 has decid$ t !re are limits1 alike 9 ! int]e/ ( majority & m9ority1 to ! rights ( ei!r to di/urb ! o!r4 ,9 o!r words1 x is exp$i5t 9 c]ta9 affairs t ! w ( ! majority %\ld be absolutely b9d+1 :ile 9 affairs ( a diff]5t ord] x %\ld c\nt = no?+1 or z ne>ly no?+1 z ! sociable dep5d5ce ( a man on 8 fell[s w p]mit4 ,our !sis is ?is4 ,9 ! positive endeav\r to realise an op9ion1 to conv]t a !ory into practice1 x may be1 & v (t5 is1 highly exp$i5t to def] to ! prejudices ( ! majority1 to move v sl[ly1 to b[ to ! conditions ( ! /atus quo1 to practise ! v utmo/ sobriety1 self-re/ra9t1 & conciliator9ess4 ,! m]e expression ( op9ion1 9 ! next place1 ! av[al ( diss5t f receiv$ notions1 ! refusal to con=m to language :i* implies ! acceptance ( su* notions1--?is re/s on a diff]5t foot+4 ,"h ! reasons = respect+ ! wi%es & s5tim5ts ( ! majority are f> less /rong1 ?\gh1 z we %all pres5tly see1 su* reasons c]ta9ly exi/1 & w weigh ) all well-consid]+ m54 ,f9ally1 9 ! =mation ( an op9ion z to ! ab/ract pref]abl5ess ( "o c\rse ( action ov] ano!r1 or z to ! tru? or falsehood or "r significance ( a proposition1 ! fact t ! majority ( "o's contempor>ies lean 9 ! o!r direction is naught1 & no m ?an du/ 9 ! balance4 ,9 mak+ up our m9ds z to :at w\ld be ! wise/ l9e ( policy if x 7 practicable1 we h no?+ to d ) ! circum/ance t x is n practicable4 ,& 9 settl+ ) ourselves :e!r propositions purport+ to /ate matt]s ( fact are trim or n1 we h to consid] h[ f> !y are con=mable to ! evid5ce4 ,we h no?+ to d ) ! com=t & solace :i* !y w\ld be likely to br+ to o!rs or ourselves1 if !y 7 tak5 z true4 ,a nom9al ass5t to ?is tru? w be in/antly giv5 ev5 by ^? :o 9 practice sy/ematically disreg>d x4 ,! difficulty ( trans=m+ t nom9al ass5t into a reality is enorm\s 9 su* a community z ours4 ,( all societies s9ce ! ,roman ,republic1 & n ev5 except+ ! ,roman ,republic1 ,engl& has be5 ! mo/ emphatically & ess5tially political4 ,%e has pass$ ?r\gh milit>y phases & ?r\gh religi\s phases1 b !y h be5 transitory1 & ! great c5tral /ream ( national life has fl[$ 9 political *annels4 ,! political life has be5 /rong] ?an any o!r1 deep]1 wid]1 m p]si/5t1 m successful4 ,! w>s :i* built up our f>-spread+ empire 7 n wag$ ) designs ( milit>y conque/2 !y 7 mo/ly w>s = a m>ket4 ,! great spiritual emancipation ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies figures 9 our hi/ory p>tly z an accid5t1 p>tly z an intrigue1 p>tly z a raid ( nobles 9 se>* ( spoil4 ,x 0 h>dly until ! re=m$ doctr9e became associat$ ) analog\s ideas & correspond+ precepts 9 gov]nm5t1 t p felt at home ) x1 & became really int]e/$ 9 x4 ,"o great tap-root ( our national increase has be5 ! gr[? ( self-gov]nm5t1 or gov]nm5t by delib]ative bodies1 repres5t+ oppos$ pr9ciples & conflict+ int]e/s4 ,) ! sy/em ( self-gov]nm5t has gr[n ! habit--n ( tol]ance precisely1 = ,engli%m5 :5 9 e>ne/ are z little 9 love ) tol]ance z ,fr5*m5 or any o!r p1 b--( giv+ way to ! w ( ! majority1 s long z !y rema9 a majority4 ,?is has come to pass = ! simple reason t1 on any o!r t]ms1 ! p>ticipation ( l>ge numb]s ( p 9 ! control & arrangem5t ( public affairs imm$iately becomes unworkable4 ,! gradual conc5tration ( p[] 9 ! h&s ( a supreme delib]ative body1 ! active %>e ( s _m ?\s&s ( p]sons 9 *oos+ & controll+ its memb]s1 ! close att5tion ) :i* ! proce$+s ( p>liam5t are foll[$ & wat*$1 ! k9d ( dignity t has be5 l5t to p>liam5t>y me?ods by ! great importance ( ! transactions1 h all t5d$ 9 ! same direction4 ,!y h all help$ bo? to fix our /ronge/ & mo/ con/ant int]e/s ^u politics1 & to +ra9 ! m5tal habits prop] to politics1 f> m deeply ?an any o!r1 into our g5]al con/itution & inmo/ "*4 ,?us ! political _s has gr[n to be ! /ronge/ elem5t 9 our national life2 ! dom9ant =ce1 ext5d+ its influ5ce ov] all our ways ( ?9k+ 9 matt]s t h lea/ to d ) politics1 or ev5 no?+ at all to d ) !m4 ,!re has ?us be5 eng5d]$ among u ! real s5se ( political responsibility4 ,9 a correspond+ degree has be5 disc\rag$1 :at x is ! object ( ! pres5t *apt] to urge1 ! s5se ( intellectual responsibility4 ,if x 7 inevitable t "o ( ^! two %\ld always enfeeble or exclude ! o!r1 if ! price ( ! m5tal alacrity & op5-m9d$ness ( ! age ( ,p]icles mu/ always be paid 9 ! political incompet5ce ( ! age ( ,demo/h5es1 x w\ld be h>d to settle :i* quality ought to be mo/ eag]ly enc\rag$ by ^? :o h mo/ to d ) ! spiritual direction ( a community4 ,no d\bt ! tone ( a long-endur+ & imp]ial society1 su* z ,rome 01 mu/ be cons]vative1 dra/ic1 positive1 ho/ile to ! dea? to e speculative novelty4 ,b !n1 aft] all1 ! p]man5ce ( ,roman p[] 0 only valuable to mank9d because x ensur$ ! spread ( c]ta9 civilis+ ideas4 ,& ^! ideas _h orig9at$ among p s *>act]i/ically devoid ( ! sov]eign faculty ( political coh]5cy z 7 ! ,greeks & ! ,jews4 ,9 ! ,greeks1 x is true1 we f9d n only ideas ( ! highe/ speculative f]tility1 b actual political in/itutions4 ,/ill we %\ld h>dly po9t to ,greek hi/ory = ! mo/ fav\rable examples ( _! /able work+4 ,practically & z a matt] ( hi/ory1 a society is seldom at ! same "t successfully en]getic bo? 9 temporals & spirituals2 seldom prosp]\s alike 9 seek+ ab/ract tru? & nurs+ ! political _s4 ,!re is a decisive prepond]ance 9 "o direction or ! o!r1 & ! equal balance betwe5 free & active ?9k+1 & coh]5t practical en]gy 9 a community1 seems too h>d to su/a94 ,! va/ milit>y & political /r5g? ( ,g]many1 = in/ance1 did n exi/1 & 0 sc>cely anticipat$ 9 m5's m9ds1 dur+ ! "t ( h] mo/ /r5u\s passion = ab/ract tru? & deep] le>n+ & new criticism4 ,9 ,france nev] 0 political & national int]e/ s debilitat$1 s ext9ct1 z x 0 dur+ ! reign ( ,lewis ! ,fifte5?3 h] intellectual int]e/ 0 nev] s vivid1 s fruitful1 or s widely felt4 ,yet x is at lea/ well1 & m ?an t1 x is an indisp5sable condition ( social wellbe+1 t ! divorce betwe5 political responsibility & intellectual responsibility1 betwe5 respect = :at is in/antly practicable & se>* aft] :at is only important 9 ?\ght1 %\ld n be too complete & univ]sal4 ,ev5 if !re 7 no o!r objection1 ! undisput$ pr$om9ance ( ! political _s has a pla9 t5d5cy to limit ! subjects 9 :i* ! m5 animat$ by x c take a real int]e/4 ,all matt]s fall out ( sight1 or at lea/ fall into a second>y place1 :i* d n be> m or less directly & pat5tly ^u ! mat]ial & /ructural welf>e ( ! community4 ,9 ?is way ! memb]s ( ! community miss ! mo/ brac+1 wid5+1 & elevat$ ( ! :ole range ( influ5ces t create great *>act]s4 ,fir/1 !y lose s9c]e conc]n ab\t ! l>g] que/ions :i* ! human m9d has rais$ up = itself4 ,second1 !y lose a fe>less desire to rea* ! true answ]s to !m1 or if no c]ta9 answ]s %\ld prove to be )9 rea*1 !n at any rate to be satisfi$ on good gr\nds t ?is is s4 ,su* que/ions are n imm$iately disc]n$ by commonplace m9ds to be ( social import4 ,consequ5tly !y1 & all else t is n obvi\sly connect$ ) ! ma*9]y ( society1 give way 9 ! public consid]ation to :at is s connect$ ) x1 9 a mann] t _c be mi/ak54 ,aga91 ev5 m9ds t are n commonplace are affect$ = ! worse by ! same _s4 ,!y are aw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ! great speculative subjects & ( _! importance1 b ! pressure ( ! political _s on su* m5 makes !m afraid ( ! conclusions to :i* free inquiry might br+ !m4 ,accord+ly !y ab/a9 f inquiry1 & dread no?+ s mu* z mak+ up _! m9ds4 ,!y see reasons = ?9k+ t1 if !y appli$ !mselves s]i\sly to ! =mation ( true op9ions 9 ?is or t dep>tm5t1 !y w\ld come to conclusions :i*1 ?\gh likely to make _! way 9 ! c\rse ( "s c5turies1 are :olly unpopul> n[1 & :i* might ru9 ! influ5ce ( anybody suspect$ ( accept+1 or ev5 ( s mu* z lean+ t[>ds1 !m4 ,life1 !y reflect1 is %ort2 mission>ies d n pass = a v agreeable class1 nor m>tyrs = a v s5sible class2 "o c only d a trifl+ am\nt ( good 9 ! _w1 at be/2 x is moral suicide to ?r[ away any *ance ( a*iev+ ev5 t trifle2 & !re=e x is be/ n only n to express1 b n to take ! tr\ble to acquire1 "r views 9 ?is qu>t] or t1 & to draw cle> away f su* or su* a region ( ?\ght1 = ! sake ( keep+ peace on e>? & sup]ficial good w among m54 ,x w\ld be too h>% to /igmatise su* a tra9 ( ?\ght z self-seek+ & hypocritical4 ,x is ! natural product ( ! political _s1 :i* is incessantly ?9k+ ( pres5t consequ5ces & ! imm$iately feasible4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! m]e dread ( los+ x1 to h9d] influ5ce f be+ well employ$1 s f> z x goes4 ,b "o c h>dly ov]rate ! ill consequ5ces ( ?is p>ticul> k9d ( managem5t1 ?is unspok5 b>ga9+ ) ! little circle ( 8 fell[s :i* con/itutes ! _w ( a man4 ,if he may reta9 8 place among !m z prea*] or tea*]1 he is will+ to =ego 8 bir?right ( free explanation2 he cons5ts to be bl9d to ! duty :i* atta*es to e intellig5t man ( hav+ "s cle> ideas1 ev5 ?\gh only provisional ones1 ^u ! greate/ subjects ( human int]e/1 & ( delib]ately pref]r+ ^!1 :atev] !y may be1 to _! opposites4 ,ei!r an individual or a community is fatally dw>f$ by any su* limitation ( ! field 9 :i* "o is free to use 8 m9d4 ,= x is a limitation1 n prescrib$ by absorption 9 "o set ( subjects r ?an ano!r1 nor by insuffici5t prep>ation = ! discussion ( c]ta9 subjects1 nor by indol5ce nor incuri\sness1 b solely by appreh5sion ( ! conclusions to :i* su* use ( ! m9d might br+ ! too c\rage\s seek]4 ,if !re 7 no o!r ill effect1 ?is k9d ( limitation w\ld at lea/ h ! radical disadvantage ( dull+ ! edge ( responsibility1 ( dead5+ ! %>p s5se ( p]sonal answ]abl5ess ei!r to a ,god1 or to society1 or to a man's own consci5ce & intellectual self-respect4 ,h[ mom5t\s a disadvantage ?is is1 we c be/ "k by contemplat+ ! *>act]s :i* h sometimes light$ up ! old times4 ,m5 7 !n dev\tly p]suad$ t _! et]nal salvation dep5d$ on _! hav+ true beliefs4 ,any slackness 9 f9d+ out :i* beliefs are ! true ones w\ld h to be answ]$ = be=e ! ?rone ( ,almighty ,god1 at ! sure risk & p]il ( ev]la/+ damnation4 ,to :at qu>t] 9 ! l>ge hi/oric firmam5t c we turn our eyes ) su* c]ta9ty ( be+ /irr$ & elevat$1 ( ?9k+ bett] ( human life & ! wor? ( ^? :o h be5 mo/ deeply p5etrat$ by its s]i\sness1 z to ! annals ( ! intrepid spirits :om ! prote/ant doctr9e ( indefeasible p]sonal responsibility br\ght to ! front 9 ,g]many 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 9 ,engl& & ,scotl& 9 ! sev5te5?8 ,x is n _! fanaticism1 /ill less is x _! !ology1 :i* makes ! great ,puritan *iefs ( ,engl& & ! /]n ,cov5ant]s ( ,scotl& s h]oic 9 our sight4 ,x is ! fact t !y s\ght tru? & ensu$ x1 n ?9k+ ( ! practicable nor cauti\sly c\nt+ majorities & m9orities1 b ea* man pond]+ & se>*+ s 'z ev] 9 ! great ,taskma/]'s eye4' ,x is no adequate answ] to urge t ?is awful consci\sness ( a div9e pres5ce & sup]vision has ceas$ to be ! liv+ fact x once 04 ,t p>tly expla9s1 b x c]ta9ly does n ju/ify1 our pres5t lassitude4 ,= ! ev]-wakeful eye ( cele/ial p[] is n ! only conceivable /imulus to responsibility4 ,to pass f ^? grim h]oes ( prote/antism to ! ,fr5* philosoph]s ( ! la/ c5tury is a wide leap 9 a hundr$ respects1 yet !y too 7 prick$ by ! oe/rus ( intellectual responsibility4 ,_! doctr9e 0 dismally insuffici5t1 & sometimes1 z ! pres5t writ] has (t5 po9t$ out1 x 0 directly vici\s4 ,_! daily lives 7 surr\nd$ by mu* %abb9ess & _m meannesses4 ,b1 aft] all1 no temptation & no m5ace1 no pa9s or p5alties = ?9k+ ab\t c]ta9 subjects1 & no rew>ds = turn+ to ?9k ab\t some?+ else1 c\ld div]t su* m5 z ,voltaire & ,did]ot f _! al]t & /r5u\s se>* aft] su* tru? z c\ld be v\*saf$ to _! imp]fect lights4 ,a cata/rophe foll[$1 x is true1 b ! mis=tunes :i* att5d$ x 7 due m to ! *ampions ( tradition & au?ority ?an to ! soldi]s ( emancipation4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( ! latt]1 !y 7 due to an inadequate doctr9e1 & n at all ei!r to _! s5se ( ! necessity ( free speculation & inquiry1 or to ! intrepidity ) :i* !y obey$ ! prompt+s ( t ennobl+ s5se4 ,p]haps ! late/ attempt ( a consid]able k9d to suppress ! political _s 9 non-political conc]ns 0 ! fam\s movem5t :i* _h its bir? a g5]ation ago among ! gray quadrangles & anci5t g>d5s ( ,ox=d1 '! sweet city ) h] dream+ spires1' :]e !re has ev] be5 s mu* deta*m5t f ! _w1 alongside ( ! co>se/ & fi]ce/ hunt aft] ! gross] prizes ( ! _w4 ,no "o has mu* less sympa?y ) ! direction ( ! tract>ian revival ?an ! pres5t writ]1 9 ^: ,ox=d days ! /> ( ,newman _h set1 & ! sun ( ,mill _h ris5 9 its /ead4 ,& x is ne$ful to di/+ui% ! f]vid & /rong spirits ) :om ! revival began f ! mimics ( our lat] day4 ,no d\bt ! m]e occasion ( tract>ianism 0 political4 ,its lead]s 7 al>m$ at ! designs imput$ to ! newly re=m$ p>liam5t ( dise/abli%+ ! ,anglican ,*ur*4 ,!y ask$ !mselves ! "q1 :i* ,i w put 9 _! own words 7,tract i47--',%\ld ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry s f> =get _! ,god z to cut (f ! ,*ur*1 to deprive x ( its temporal hon\rs & sub/ance1 on :at w y re/ ! claims to respect & att5tion :i* y make ^u y\r flock8 ,9 answ]+ ?is "q !y spe$ily f\nd !mselves1 z might h be5 expect$1 at ! opposite pole ( ?\ght f ?+s political4 ,! :ole /r5g? ( _! appeal to memb]s ( ! ,*ur* lay 9 m5's we>9ess ( ! high & dry optimism1 :i* pres5ts ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s z ! noble/ possible1 & ! undi/urb$ way ( ! majority z ! way ( salvation4 ,apo/olical succession & ,sacram5talism may n h be5 9 !mselves progressive ideas4 ,! _s :i* welcom$ !m _h at lea/ ! virtue ( tak+ away f ,caes> ! ?+s t are n ,caes>'s4 ,gl>+ z 7 ! intellectual faults ( ! ,ox=d movem5t1 x 0 at any rate a recognition 9 a v =cible way ( ! doctr9e t spiritual matt]s are n to be settl$ by ! dicta ( a political c\ncil4 ,x ackn[l$g$ t a man is answ]able at 8 own p]il = hav+ f\nd or lo/ ! tru?4 ,x 0 a w>n+ t he mu/ reckon ) a judge :o w n acc\nt ! /atus quo1 nor ! conv5i5ce ( a cab9et1 a good plea = indol5t acquiesc5ce 9 !ological error4 ,x end$1 9 ! case ( its mo/ vigor\s *ampions1 9 a f9al & delib]ate putt+ out ( ! eyes ( ! und]/&+4 ,! la/ act ( ass]tion ( p]sonal responsibility 0 a headlong acceptance ( ! responsibility ( tradition & ! ,*ur*4 ,?is 0 deplorable en\gh4 ,b ap>t f o!r advantages incid5tal to ! tract>ian movem5t1 su* z ! att5tion :i* x 0 ! means ( draw+ to hi/ory & ! organic connection betwe5 pres5t & pa/1 x _h1 we repeat1 ! m]it ( be+ an effective prote/ aga9/ :at may be call$ ! ,h\se ( ,commons' view ( human life--a view excell5t 9 its place1 b mo/ blight+ & dw>f+ out ( x4 ,x 01 :at e s9c]e upris+ ( ! bett] _s 9 m5 & wom5 mu/ always be1 an effective prote/ aga9/ ! lead5 tyranny ( ! man ( ! _w & ! s-call$ practical p]son4 ,! man ( ! _w despises ca?olics = tak+ _! religi\s op9ions on tru/ & be+ ! slaves ( tradition4 ,z if he _h himself =m$ 8 own mo/ important op9ions ei!r 9 religion or any?+ else4 ,he laughs at !m = _! sup]/iti\s awe ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z if 8 own inw>d awe ( ! ,great] ,numb] 7 "o :it less ( a sup]/ition4 ,he mocks _! def]5ce = ! pa/4 ,z if 8 own absorb+ def]5ce to ! pres5t 7 "o tittle bett] bottom$ or a jot m respectable4 ,! mod]n emancipation w pr(it u v little if ! /atus quo is to be fa/5$ r\nd our necks ) ! despotic au?ority ( a heav5ly disp5sation1 & if 9 ! /ead ( anci5t ,scriptures we are to accept ! pl5>y inspiration ( ,majorities4 ,x may be urg$ t if1 z x is ! object ( ! pres5t *apt] to /ate1 !re are op9ions :i* a man %\ld =m = himself1 & :i* x may yet be exp$i5t t he %\ld n only be sl[ to attempt to realise 9 practical life1 b sometimes ev5 sl[ to express1--!n we are dem&+ f him ! p]=mance ( a tr\blesome duty1 :ile we are tak+ f him ! only motives :i* c\ld really induce him to p]=m x4 ,if1 x may be ask$1 ,i am n to c>ry my notions into practice1 nor try to induce o!rs to accept !m1 nor ev5 boldly publi% !m1 :y 9 ! "n ( all economy ( =ce %\ld ,i take s mu* pa9s 9 =m+ op9ions :i* are1 aft] all1 on ^! conditions s v likely to come to naught8 ,! answ] to ?is is t op9ions d n come to naught1 ev5 if ! man :o holds !m %\ld nev] ?9k fit to publi% !m4 ,= "o ?+1 z we %all see 9 our next division1 ! conditions :i* make aga9/ frank decl>ation ( our convictions are ( r>e occurr5ce4 ,&1 ap>t f ?is1 convictions may well ex]t a mo/ decisive influ5ce ov] our conduct1 ev5 if reasons exi/1 or seem to exi/1 = n press+ !m on o!rs4 ,?\gh !mselves invisible to ! out] _w1 !y may yet op]ate ) magnetic =ce bo? ^u o!r p>ts ( our belief :i* ! out] _w does see1 & ^u ! :ole ( our deal+s ) x4 ,:e!r we are good or bad1 x is only a brok5 & incoh]5t fragm5t ( our :ole p]sonality t ev5 ^? :o are intimate ) u1 mu* less ! common _w1 c ev] come into contact )4 ,! important ?+ is t ! p]sonality itself %\ld be z little z possible brok51 incoh]5t1 & fragm5t>y2 t reason$ & consi/5t op9ions %\ld back a firm w1 & indep5d5t convictions inspire ! intellectual self-respect & /r5u\s self-possession :i* ! clam\r ( majorities & ! sil5t yet ev]-press+ =ce ( ! /atus quo are equally p[]less to %ake4 ,"* is d\btless ( f> m importance ?an m]e intellectual op9ion4 ,we only too (t5 see highly rationalis$ convictions 9 p]sons ( weak purpose or l[ motives4 ,b :ile fully recognis+ ?is1 & ! sort ( possible reality :i* lies at ! root ( su* a phrase z 'godless intellect' or 'intellectual devils'--?\gh ! phrase has no reality :5 x is us$ by self-seek+ politicians or prelates--yet x is well to rememb] ! v obvi\s tru? t op9ions are at lea/ an extremely important "p ( "*4 ,z x is sometimes put1 :at we ?9k has a prodigi\sly close connection ) :at we are4 ,! consci\sness ( hav+ reflect$ s]i\sly & conclusively on important que/ions1 :e!r social or spiritual1 augm5ts dignity :ile x does n less5 humility4 ,9 ?is s5se1 tak+ ?\ght c & does add a cubit to our /ature4 ,op9ions :i* we may n feel b\nd or ev5 p]mitt$ to press on o!r p1 are n ! less =ces = be+ lat5t4 ,!y %ape ideals1 & x is ideals t inspire conduct4 ,!y d ?is1 ?\gh f af>1 & ?\gh he :o possesses !m may n presume to take ! _w into 8 confid5ce4 ,f9ally1 unless a man foll[s out ideas to _! full conclusion )\t fe> :at ! conclusion may be1 :e!r he ?9ks x exp$i5t to make 8 ?\ght & its goal fully kn[n or n1 x is impossible t he %\ld acquire a comm&+ grasp ( pr9ciples4 ,& a comm&+ grasp ( pr9ciples1 :e!r !y are public or n1 is at ! v root ( coh]5cy ( "*4 ,x raises m$iocrity ne> to a level ) ! highe/ tal5ts1 if ^? tal5ts are 9 company ) a disposition t all[s ! little prud5ces ( ! h\r incessantly to obscure ! p]si/5t laws ( ?+s4 ,^! p]si/5cies1 if a man has once satisfi$ himself ( _! direction & ma/]$ _! be>+s & application1 are j z cog5t & valuable a guide to conduct1 :e!r he publi%es !m ad urbem et orbem1 or e/eems !m too /rong meat = p :o h1 ?r\gh indurat$ use & wont1 lo/ ! c\rage ( fac+ unexpect$ tru?s4 ,"o conspicu\s result ( ! failure to see t our op9ions h roots to !m1 indep5d5tly ( ! feel+s :i* ei!r majorities or o!r portions ( ! p ar\nd u may ent]ta9 ab\t !m1 is t nei!r political matt]s nor any o!r s]i\s bran*es ( op9ion1 engage u 9 _! l(tie/ or mo/ deep-rea*+ =ms4 ,! advocate ( a giv5 !ory ( gov]nm5t or society is s misl$ by a wrong und]/&+ ( ! practice ( j & wise compromise 9 apply+ x1 z to =get ! noble/ & mo/ inspir+ %ape :i* 8 !ory c be made to assume4 ,x is ! wor/ ( political blund]s to insi/ on c>ry+ an ideal set ( pr9ciples into execution1 :]e o!rs h rights ( diss5t1 & ^? o!rs p]sons ^: ass5t is z indisp5sable to success1 z x is impossible to atta94 ,b to be afraid or a%am$ ( hold+ su* an ideal set ( pr9ciples 9 "o's m9d 9 _! highe/ & mo/ ab/ract expression1 does m ?an any "o o!r cause to /unt or petrify ^? elem5ts 9 "* to :i* life %\ld owe mo/ ( its sav\r4 ,if a man happ5s to be a ,cons]vative1 = in/ance1 x is pitiful t he %\ld ?9k s mu* m ( :at o!r p on 8 side or ! o!r ?9k1 ?an ( ! wide/ & highe/ ( ! ideas on :i* a cons]vative philosophy ( life & human society reposes4 ,su* ideas are ^!1--t ! social union is ! express creation & ord]+ ( ! ,deity3 t its movem5ts foll[ 8 my/]i\s & fix$ disp5sation3 t ! *ur* & ! /ate are conv]tible t]ms1 & ea* citiz5 ( ! latt] is an incorporat$ memb] ( ! =m]3 t consci5ce1 if p]v]sely & misguid$ly self-ass]t+1 has no rights aga9/ ! decrees ( ! consci5ce ( ! nation3 t x is ! mo/ dete/able ( crimes to p]turb ! pacific ord] ( society ei!r by active agitation or speculative re/lessness2 t desc5t f a long l9e ( ance/ors 9 great /ation adds an elem5t ( dignity to life1 & imposes _m high obligations4 ,we d n say t ^! & ! re/ ( ! propositions :i* make up ! true !oretic basis ( a cons]vative cre$1 are prop] = ! hu/+s1 or exp$i5t 9 an election address or a spee* 9 p>liam5t4 ,we d say t if ^! high & n un9telligible pr9ciples1 :i* alone c give to reaction>y pr(essions any wor? or significance1 7 pres5t 9 ! m9ds ( m5 :o speak reaction>y language1 ! c\ntry w\ld be sp>$ ! ignom9y ( see+ c]ta9 real tru?s ( society degrad$ at ! h&s ( ari/ocratic adv5tur]s & plutocratic p>asites into "s mis]able process ( 'di%+ ,:igs4' ,?is impov]i%m5t ( aims & depravation ( pr9ciples by ! triumph ( ! political _s outside ( its prop] sph]e1 _c un=tunately be re/rict$ to any "o set ( p 9 ! /ate4 ,x is some?+ 9 ! v atmosph]e1 :i* no sanit>y cordon c limit4 ,lib]alism1 too1 w\ld be some?+ m g5]\s1 m attractive--yes1 & m practically effective1 if its pr(essors & *ampions c\ld all[ _! s5se ( :at is feasible to be refre%$ & wid5$ by a m free recognition1 h[ev] private & undemon/rative1 ( ! !oretic ideas :i* give _! social cre$ :atev] life & consi/5cy x may h4 ,su* ideas are ^!3 ,t ! conditions ( ! social union are n a my/]y1 only to be t\*$ by miracle1 b ! results ( explicable causes1 & susceptible ( con/ant modification3 t ! ?\ghts ( wise & patriotic m5 %\ld be p]petually turn$ t[>ds ! improvem5t ( ^! conditions 9 e direction3 t cont5t$ acquiesc5ce 9 ! ord]+ t has come d[n to u f ! pa/ is selfi% & anti-social1 because amid ! ceaseless *ange t is inevitable 9 a gr[+ organism1 ! in/itutions ( ! pa/ dem& progressive re-adaptations3 t su* improvem5ts are mo/ likely to be secur$ 9 ! greate/ abundance by limit+ ! sph]e ( au?ority1 ext5d+ t ( free individuality1 & /eadily /riv+ aft] ! be/[al1 s f> z ! nature ( ?+s w ev] p]mit x1 ( equality ( opportunity3 t :ile !re is dignity 9 ance/ry1 a mod]n society is only safe 9 proportion z x summons capacity to its public c\nsels & ent]prises2 t su* a society to endure mu/ progress3 t progress on its political side means m ?an any?+ else ! sub/itution ( ,ju/ice z a gov]n+ idea1 in/ead ( ,privilege1 & t ! be/ gu>antee = ju/ice 9 public deal+s is ! p>ticipation 9 _! own gov]nm5t ( ! p mo/ likely to suff] f inju/ice4 ,?is is n an exhau/ive acc\nt ( ! progressive doctr9e1 & we h "h no?+ to say z to its s\ndness4 ,we only submit t if ^? :o use ! wat*words ( ,lib]alism 7 to return ^u its pr9ciples1 in/ead ( dwell+ exclusively on practical compromises1 ! tone ( public life w\ld be immeasurably rais$4 ,! cause ( social improvem5t w\ld be less sy/ematically balk$ ( ! victories t are be/ wor? ga9+4 ,progress w\ld mean some?+ m ?an m]e entrances & exits on ! !atre ( (fice4 ,we %\ld n see 9 ! mass ( p>liam5t>y c&idates--& !y are important p1 because ne>ly e ,engli%man ) any ambition is a p>liam5t>y c&idate1 actual or pot5tial--t grave anxiety1 t sob] rig\r1 t imm5se caution1 :i* are all s really laughable1 because s _m ( ^? m5 are only anxi\s le/ !y %\ld make a mi/ake 9 f9d+ out :at ! majority ( _! con/itu5ts w\ld l !m to ?9k2 only rigor\s aga9/ ^? :o are indiscreet en\gh to press a pr9ciple aga9/ ! beck ( a :ip or a wire-pull]2 & only v cauti\s n s mu* le/ _! op9ion %\ld be wrong1 z le/ x %\ld n pay4 ,indol5ce & timidity h unit$ to popul>ise among u a flaccid latitud9>ianism1 :i* ?9ks itself a b5ign tol]ance = ! op9ions ( o!rs4 ,x is 9 tru? only a pret5ti\s =m ( be+ )\t settl$ op9ions ( our own1 & )\t any desire to settle !m4 ,no "o c compla9 ( ! want ( speculative activity at ! pres5t "t 9 a c]ta9 way4 ,! air1 at a c]ta9 social elevation1 is z full z x has ev] be5 ( ideas1 !ories1 problems1 possible solutions1 sugge/$ que/ions1 & pr(f]$ answ]s4 ,b !n !y are at l>ge1 )\t cohesion1 & v apt to be ! objects ev5 9 ! m in/ruct$ m9ds ( n mu* m ?an dilettante int]e/4 ,we see 9 solution an imm5se numb] ( notions1 :i* p ?9k x q unnecess>y to precipitate 9 ! =m ( convictions4 ,we con/antly he> ! age laud$ = its tol]ance1 = its c&\r1 = its op5ness ( m9d1 = ! read9ess ) :i* a he>+ is giv5 to ideas t =ty ye>s ago1 or ev5 less ?an t1 w\ld h exclud$ p]sons suspect$ ( hold+ !m f dec5t society1 & 9 fact did s exclude !m4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 we congratulate ourselves too w>mly on ?is1 let u be q sure t we are n mi/ak+ = tol]ance :at is really no?+ m cr$itable ?an indiff]5ce4 ,^! two attitudes ( m9d1 :i* are s vitally unlike 9 _! real quality1 are s h>d to di/+ui% 9 _! out] seem+4 ,"o is l$ to suspect t c>elessness is ! "r "n = :at looks l reason$ tol]ation1 by su* a l9e ( consid]ation z ! foll[+4 ,x is ju/ly said t at ! bottom ( all ! great discussions ( mod]n society lie ! two mom5t\s que/ions1 fir/ :e!r !re is a ,god1 & second :e!r ! s\l is immortal4 ,9 o!r words1 :e!r our fell[-creatures are ! highe/ be+s :o take an int]e/ 9 u1 or 9 :om we ne$ take an int]e/2 &1 !n1 :e!r life 9 ?is _w is ! only life ( :i* we %all ev] be consci\s4 ,x is true ( mo/ p t :5 !y are talk+ ( evolution1 & ! orig9 ( species1 & ! exp]i5tial or intuitional s\rce ( ideas1 & ! utilit>ian or transc5d5tal basis ( moral obligation1 ^! are ! que/ions :i* !y really h 9 _! m9ds4 ,n[1 9 spite ( ! sci5tific activity ( ! day1 nobody is likely to cont5d t m5 are press$ ke5ly 9 _! s\ls by any poignant /ress ( spiritual tribulation 9 ! face ( ! two supreme enigmas4 ,nobody w say t !re is mu* ( t /riv+ & wre/l+ & bitt] agonis+1 :i* :ole societies ( m5 h felt be=e n[ on que/ions ( f> less trem5d\s import4 ,ours1 z has be5 truly said1 is 'a "t ( l\d disputes & weak convictions1' ,9 a g5]ation deeply impress$ by a s5se ( intellectual responsibility ?is c\ld n be4 ,z x is1 ev5 sup]ior m5 are bett] pleas$ to play ab\t ! height ( ^! great argum5ts1 to fly 9 busy intellectual sport f side to side1 f aspect to aspect1 ?an !y are int5t on resolv+ :at x is1 aft] all1 t ! discussion comes to & to :i* solution1 :5 ev]y?+ has be5 said & he>d1 ! balance ( tru? really to incl9e4 ,!re are too _m giggl+ epigrams2 p are too will+ to look on collections ( mutually ho/ile op9ions ) ! same k9d ( curiosity :i* !y be/[ on a collection ( mutually ho/ile bea/s 9 a m5ag]ie4 ,!y h v fa9t pr$ilections = "o r ?an ano!r4 ,if !y 7 truly alive to ! duty ( conclusiv5ess1 or to ! inexpressible magnitude ( ! subjects :i* nom9ally occupy _! m9ds1 b really only ex]cise _! tongues1 ?is elegant ,pyrrhonism w\ld be impossible1 & ?is light-he>t$ neutrality mo/ un5durable4 ,well has ! illu/ri\s ,pascal said ) ref]5ce to "o ( ! two great issues ( ! mod]n controv]sy3--',! immortality ( ! s\l is a ?+ t conc]ns u s closely & t\*es u s pr(\ndly1 t "o mu/ h lo/ all feel+ to be indiff]5t z to kn[+ h[ ! matt] is4 ,all our actions & all our ?\ghts mu/ foll[ su* diff]5t pa?s1 accord+ z !re are et]nal goods to hope = or are n1 t x is impossible to take a /ep ) s5se & judgm5t1 )\t regulat+ x 9 view ( ?is po9t1 :i* ought to be our fir/ object4444 ,i c h no?+ b compassion = ^? :o groan & travail 9 ?is d\bt ) all s9c]ity1 :o look on x z ! wor/ ( mis=tunes1 & :o1 sp>+ no pa9s to escape f x1 make ( ?is se>* _! *ief & mo/ s]i\s employm5t4444 ,b he :o d\bts & se>*es n is at ! same "t a griev\s wrongdo]1 & a griev\sly un=tunate man4 ,if along ) ?is he is tranquil & self-satisfi$1 if he publi%es 8 cont5tm5t to ! _w & plumes himself ^u x1 & if x is ?is v /ate ( d\bt :i* he makes ! subject ( 8 joy & vanity--,i h no t]ms 9 :i* to describe s extravagant a creature4'#ae ,:o1 except a memb] ( ! s*ool ( extravagant creatures !mselves1 w\ld d5y t ,pascal's irritation is mo/ :olesome & righte\s8 ,p]haps 9 reply to ?is1 we may be confront$ by our own doctr9e ( intellectual responsibility int]pret$ 9 a directly opposite s5se4 ,we may be rem9d$ ( ! long array ( difficulties t int]f]e betwe5 u & k 9 t trem5d\s matt]1 & ( objections t rise 9 su* p]plex+ =ce to an answ] ei!r "o way or ! o!r4 ,& f9ally we may be despat*$ ) a eulogy ( caution & a c5sure ( too great heat aft] c]ta9ty4 ,! answ] is t !re is a k9d ( ,d\bt n )\t se>*1 b aft] & at ! end ( se>*1 :i* is n op5 to ,pascal's j reproa*es aga9/ ! m ignoble & frivol\s k9d4 ,& ?is too has be5 describ$ = u by a subtle doctor ( ,pascal's communion4 ',are !re pleasures ( ,d\bt1 z well z ( ,inf]5ce & ,ass5t8 ,9 "o s5se !re are4 ,n inde$ if d\bt means ignorance1 unc]ta9ty1 or hopeless susp5se2 b !re is a c]ta9 grave acquiesc5ce 9 ignorance1 a recognition ( our impot5ce to solve mom5t\s & urg5t que/ions1 :i* has a satisfaction ( its own4 ,aft] high aspirations1 aft] r5ew$ endeav\rs1 aft] bootless toil1 aft] long w&]+s1 aft] hope1 ef=t1 we>9ess1 failure1 pa9fully alt]nat+ & recurr+1 x is an imm5se relief to ! exhau/$ m9d to be able to say1 ,at l5g? ,i "k t ,i c "k no?+ ab\t any?+4 444 ,ignorance rema9s ! evil :i* x ev] 01 b some?+ ( ! peace ( c]titude is ga9$ 9 kn[+ ! wor/1 & 9 hav+ reconcil$ ! m9d to ! endurance ( x4'#af ,precisely1 & :at "o w\ld say ( our own age is t x w n delib]ately face ?is k ( ! wor/4 ,s x misses ! peace ( c]titude1 & n only its peace1 b ! /r5g? & coh]5cy t foll[ /rict acceptance ( ! wor/1 :5 ! wor/ is aft] all ! be/ )9 rea*4 ,^? :o are 9 e>ne/ :5 !y blame too great ha/e aft] c]ta9ty1 d 9 reality mean u to embrace c]ta9ty1 b 9 fav\r ( ! vulg> op9ions4 ,!y only see ! prodigi\s difficulties ( ! controv]sy :5 y d n incl9e to _! own side 9 x4 ,!y only panegyrise caution & ! /rictly provisional :5 !y suspect t intrepidity & love ( ! conclusive w\ld lead !m to unwelcome %ores4 ,^! p]sons1 h[ev]1 :e!r =tunately or un=tunately1 h no long] mu* influ5ce ov] ! mo/ active "p ( ! national intellig5ce4 ,:e!r p]man5tly or n1 resolute or?odoxy1 h[ev] prosp]\s x may seem among _m ( ! uncultivat$ ri*1 has lo/ its hold ^u ?\ght4 ,= ?\ght has become disp]sive1 & ! c5trifugal =ces ( ! human m9d1 among ^? :o ?9k s]i\sly1 h = ! "t become dom9ant & supreme4 ,no "o1 ,i suppose1 imag9es t ! s+ul> ecclesia/ical revival :i* is n[ go+ on1 is accompani$ by any revival ( real & reason$ belief2 or t ! opul5t manufactur]s :o subscribe s g5]\sly = re/or$ ca!dral fabrics & ! l1 h be5 mov$ by ! apologetics ( ,aids to ,fai? & ! ,*ri/ian ,evid5ce ,society4 ,obvi\sly only ?ree ways ( deal+ ) ! great problems ( :i* we h spok5 are compatible ) a /rong & well-bottom$ "*4 ,we may affirm t !re is a deity ) def9able attributes2 & t !re is a consci\s /ate & cont9u$ p]sonality aft] ! dissolution ( ! body4 ,or we may d5y4 ,or we may assure ourselves t we h no faculties enabl+ u on good evid5ce ei!r to d5y or affirm4 ,intellectual self-respect & all ! qualities t are d]iv$ f t1 may well g ) any "o ( ^! ?ree c\rses1 decisively foll[$ & consi/5tly appli$ 9 fram+ a rule ( life & a settl$ s*eme ( its aims & motives4 ,:y d we say t intellectual self-respect is n vigor\s1 nor ! s5se ( intellectual responsibility & tru?fulness & coh]5cy quick & wakeful among u8 ,because s _m p1 ev5 among ^? :o might be expect$ to "k bett]1 insi/ on ! futile attempt to reconcile all ^? c\rses1 in/ead ( fix+ on "o & /eadily abid+ 9 x4 ,!y speak z if !y affirm$1 & !y act z if !y d5i$1 & 9 _! he>ts !y *]i% a slov5ly sort ( suspicion t we c nei!r d5y nor affirm4 ,x may be said t ?is comes to mu* ! same ?+ z if !y _h =mally decid$ 9 ! la/ or neutral s5se4 ,x is n s4 ,?is illegitimate union ( ?ree contradictories fritt]s "* away1 breaks x up into discordant p>ts1 & dissolves into m]curial fluidity t leav5+ s9c]ity & free & *e]ful boldness1 :i* come ( h>moni\s pr9ciples ( fai? & action1 & )\t :i* m5 c nev] walk z confid5t lov]s ( ju/ice & tru?4 ,ambrose's fam\s say+1 t 'x ha? n pleas$ ! ,"l to give 8 p salvation 9 dialectic1' has a pr(\nd mean+ f> beyond its application to !ology4 ,x is deeply true t our rul+ convictions are less ! product ( ratioc9ation ?an ( sympa?y1 imag9ation1 usage1 tradition4 ,b f ?is x does n foll[ t ! reason+ faculties are to be fur!r disc\rag$4 ,on ! contr>y1 j because ! o!r elem5ts are s /rong t !y c be tru/$ to take c>e ( !mselves1 x is exp$i5t to give special c\nt5ance to ! intellectual habits1 :i* alone c *eck & rectify ! con/antly ab]rat+ t5d5cies ( s5tim5t on ! "o side1 & cu/om on ! o!r4 ,?is rem>k br+s u to ano!r type1 ( :om x is n irrelevant to speak %ortly 9 ?is place4 ,! consequ5ces ( ! /r5g? ( ! political _s are n all direct1 nor does its /r5g? by any means spr+ solely f its indulg5ce to ! less respectable elem5ts ( "*1 su* z languor1 extreme pliabl5ess1 sup]ficiality4 ,on ! contr>y1 x has an indirect influ5ce 9 remov+ ! only effective re/ra9t on ! excesses ( "s qualities :i*1 :5 duly direct$ & limit$1 are among ! mo/ preci\s p>ts ( our m5tal con/itution4 ,! political _s is ! great =ce 9 ?r[+ love ( tru? & accurate reason+ into a second>y place4 ,! evil does n /op "h4 ,?is a*ievem5t has indirectly c\nt5anc$ ! po/ponem5t ( intellectual me?ods1 & ! dim9ution ( ! s5se ( intellectual responsibility1 by a s*ool t is any?+ r ?an political4 ,!ology has borr[$1 & col\r$ = h] own use1 ! pr9ciples :i* 7 fir/ br\ght into vogue 9 politics4 ,if 9 ! "o field x is ! fa%ion to consid] conv5i5ce fir/ & tru? second1 9 ! o!r !re is a correspond+ fa%ion ( plac+ tru? second & emotional com=t fir/4 ,if !re are "s :o compromise _! real op9ions1 or ! *ance ( rea*+ tru?1 = ! sake ( ga91 !re are f> m :o %r9k f giv+ _! intellig5ce free play1 = ! sake ( keep+ undi/urb$ c]ta9 luxuri\s spiritual s5sibilities4 ,?is *oice ( emotional gratification be=e tru? & upright deal+ ) "o's own und]/&+1 creates a "* t is c]ta9ly f> less unlovely ?an ^? :o sacrifice _! intellectual integrity to m mat]ial conv5i5ce4 ,! moral flaw is less palpable & less gross4 ,yet "h too !re is ! /a9 ( intellectual improbity1 & x is p]haps all ! m mis*iev\s = be+ p>tly hidd5 "u ! mi5 ( spiritual exaltation4 ,!re is 9 lit]ature no m s$uctive illu/ration ( ?is s$uctive type ?an ,r\sseau's r5[n$ "* ( ! ,savoy>d ,vic>--p5etrat$ ) scepticism z to ! attributes ( ! deity1 ! mean+ ( ! holy rites1 ! au!nticity ( ! sacr$ docum5ts2 yet full ( rev]5ce1 & ev] respect+ 9 sil5ce :at he c\ld nei!r reject nor und]/&4 ',! ess5tial wor%ip1' he says1 'is ! wor%ip ( ! he>t4 ,god nev] rejects ?is homage1 "u :atev] =m x be (f]$ to him4 ,9 old days ,i us$ to say mass ) ! levity :i* 9 "t infects ev5 ! grave/ ?+s :5 we d !m too (t54 ,s9ce acquir+ my new pr9ciples ( rev]5tial scepticism ,i celebrate x ) m v5]ation3 ,i am ov]come by ! maje/y ( ! ,supreme ,be+1 by 8 pres5ce1 by ! insuffici5cy ( ! human m9d1 :i* conceives s ill :at p]ta9s to its au?or4 ,:5 ,i approa* ! mom5t ( consecration1 ,i collect myself = p]=m+ ! act ) all ! feel+s requir$ by ! *ur* & ! maje/y ( ! sacram5t4 ,i /rive to annihilate my reason be=e ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce1 say+1 ,:o art ?\ t ?\ %\ld/ measure inf9ite p[]8'#ag ,! ,savoy>d ,vic> is n imag9>y4 ,! acquiesc5ce 9 indef9ite ideas = ! sake ( com=t$ emotions1 & ! abnegation ( /rong convictions 9 ord] to make room = free & pl5te\s effusion1 h = u all ! m>ks ( a too famili> reality4 ,su* a doctr9e is an ev]yday plea = self-deception1 & a curr5t ju/ification = illusion ev5 among "s ( ! f9] spirits4 ,!y h p]suad$ !mselves n only t ! life ( ! religi\s emotions is ! highe/ life1 b t x is indep5d5t ( ! intellectual =ms ) :i* hi/ory happ5s to h associat$ x4 ,& s !y ref9e & sophi/icate & make havoc ) pla9 & hone/ int]pretation1 9 ord] to pres]ve a s(t s]5ity ( s\l unp]turb$4 ,n[1 we are n at all conc]n$ to dispute su* positions z t ,feel+ is ! "r />t+-po9t ( moral education2 t 9 =m+ "* appeal %\ld be to ! he>t r ?an to ! und]/&+2 t ! only basis on :i* our faculties c be h>moni\sly ord]$ is ! prepond]ance ( affection ov] reason4 ,^! propositions op5 mu* grave & complex discussion1 & !y are n to our pres5t purpose4 ,we only desire to /ate ! evil ( ! notion t a man is w>rant$ 9 com=t+ himself ) dogmas & =mul>ies1 :i* he has fir/ to empty ( all def9ite1 precise1 & cle>ly det]m9able significance1 be=e he c get !m out ( ! way ( 8 religi\s s5sibilities4 ,:e!r ,reason or ,affection is to h ! empire 9 ! society ( ! future1 :5 ,reason may possibly h no m to discov] = u 9 ! region ( morals & religion1 & s w h become em]itus & tak5 a l[] place1 z ( a tutor ^: s]vices ! human family1 be+ n[ gr[n up1 no long] requires1--h[ev] ?is may be1 x is at lea/ c]ta9 t 9 ! meantime ! spiritual life ( man ne$s direction q z mu* z x ne$s impulse1 & light q z mu* z =ce4 ,?is direction & light c only be safely procur$ by ! free & vigor\s use ( ! intellig5ce4 ,b ! intellig5ce is n free 9 ! pres5ce ( a mortal fe> le/ its conclusions %\ld tr\ble s(t tranquillity ( _s4 ,!re is always hope ( a man s long z he dwells 9 ! region ( ! direct categorical proposition & ! unambigu\s t]m2 s long z he does n d5y ! rightly drawn conclusion aft] accept+ ! major & m9or premisses4 ,?is may seem a scanty virtue & v easy grace4 ,yet exp]i5ce %[s x to be too h>d ( atta9m5t = ^? :o tamp] ) dis9t]e/$ness ( conviction1 = ! sake ( luxuriat+ 9 ! s(tness ( spiritual transport )\t int]ruption f a syllogism4 ,x is true t !re are n[ & !n 9 life z 9 hi/ory noble & fair natures1 t by ! sil5t tea*+ & unconsci\s example ( _! inborn purity1 />-l con/ancy1 & great devotion1 d c>ry ! _w ab\t !m to fur!r heights ( liv+ ?an c be atta9$ by ratioc9ation4 ,b ^!1 ! blameless & lov$ sa9ts ( ! e>?1 rise too r>ely on our dull horizons to make a rule = ! _w4 ,! law ( ?+s is t !y :o tamp] ) v]acity1 f :atev] motive1 are tamp]+ ) ! vital =ce ( human progress4 ,our com=t & ! delight ( ! religi\s imag9ation are no bett] ?an =ms ( self-indulg5ce1 :5 !y are secur$ at ! co/ ( t love ( tru? on :i*1 m ?an on any?+ else1 ! increase ( light & happ9ess among m5 mu/ dep5d4 ,we h to fight & d lifelong battle aga9/ ! =ces ( d>kness1 & any?+ t turns ! edge ( reason blunts ! sure/ & mo/ pot5t ( our weapons4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ac3 ,burton's ,lift ( ,hume1 ii4 #ahf-ahh ,footnote #ad3 ,isaac ,taylor's ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,en?usiasm1 p4 #bbf4 ,footnote #ae3 ,p5ses1 ,,ii4 ,art ii4 ,footnote #af3 ,dr4 ,newman's ,gramm> ( ,ass5t1 p4 #bja4 ,footnote #ag3 ,emile1 bk4 iv4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,religi\s ,,con=mity4 ,! ma9 field ( discussion t\*+ ,compromise 9 expression & av[al lies 9 ! region ( religi\s belief4 ,9 politics no "o s]i\sly cont5ds t respect = ! feel+s & prejudices ( o!r p requires u to be sil5t ab\t our op9ions4 ,a republican1 = in/ance1 is at p]fect lib]ty to decl>e himself s4 ,nobody w say t he is n )9 8 rights if he %\ld ?9k x wor? :ile to practise ?is lib]ty1 ?\gh ( c\rse he w h to face ! obloquy :i* att5ds all op9ion t is n %>$ by ! m demon/rative & vocal portions ( ! public4 ,x is true t 9 e /able society a g5]al conviction prevails ( ! extreme undesirabl5ess ( con/antly lay+ b>e ! f\ndations ( gov]nm5t4 ,incessant discussion ( ! !oretical bases ( ! social union is naturally consid]$ worse ?an idle4 ,x is felt by _m wise m5 t ! *ief bus9ess ( ! political ?9k] is to int]e/ himself 9 g5]alisations ( su* a sort z leads ) tol]able /raightness to practical improvem5ts ( a f>-rea*+ & durable k9d4 ,ev5 among ^?1 h[ev]1 :o ?us feel x n to be wor? :ile to be = ev] h&l+ ! ab/ract pr9ciples :i* are1 aft] all1 only clumsy expressions ( ! real conditions t br+ & keep m5 toge!r 9 society1 yet nobody ( any consid]ation pret5ds to sil5ce or limit ! free discussion ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,al?\gh a man is n likely to be ?ank$ :o calls att5tion to ! va/ discrepancies betwe5 ! !ory & practice ( ! con/itution1 yet nobody n[ w\ld c\nt5ance ! notion ( an inn] doctr9e 9 politics4 ,we smile at ! l9e t ,hume took 9 speak+ ( ! doctr9e ( non-resi/ance4 ,he did n d5y t ! "r ( resi/ance to a tyrannical sov]eign does actually belong to a nation4 ,b1 he said1 'if ev] on any occasion x 7 laudable to conceal tru? f ! populace1 x mu/ be confess$ t ! doctr9e ( resi/ance af=ds su* an example2 & t all speculative reason]s ought to obs]ve ) reg>d to ?is pr9ciple ! same cauti\s sil5ce :i* ! laws1 9 e species ( gov]nm5t1 h ev] prescrib$ to !mselves4' ,z if ! cauti\s sil5ce ( ! political writ] c\ld prev5t a populace f feel+ ! heav9ess ( an oppressor's h&1 & /riv+ to f9d relief f unju/ burd5s4 ,z if any nation end[$ ) en\gh ( ! _s ( indep5d5ce to ass5t to ! "r ( resi/ance :5 (f]$ to !m z a speculative !orem1 w\ld n infallibly be l$ by ! same _s to ass]t ! "r )\t ! speculative !orem4 ,t s acute a head z ,hume's %\ld h fail$ to p]ceive ^! v pla9 consid]ations1 & t he %\ld moreov] h p]petrat$ ! absurdity ( decl>+ ! "r ( resi/ance1 9 ! same brea? 9 :i* he decl>es ! laudabl5ess ( keep+ x a secret1 only all[s h[ c>efully a man ne$ /e] aft] he has once involv$ himself 9 ! labyr9?s ( ,economy4#ah ,9 religion ! unreasonabl5ess ( impos+ a simil> cauti\s sil5ce is n yet fully e/abli%$1 nor ! vici\s effects ( practis+ x cle>ly recognis$4 ,9 ^! high matt]s an am\nt ( economy & managem5t is held praisewor?y1 :i* 9 any o!r subject w\ld be univ]sally condemn$ z c[>dly & ignoble4 ,inde$ ! prelim9>y /age has sc>cely be5 rea*$--! /age 9 :i* public op9ion grants to e "o ! unre/rict$ "r ( %ap+ 8 own beliefs1 indep5d5tly ( ^? ( ! p :o surr\nd him4 ,any woman1 = in/ance1 suspect$ ( hav+ ca/ beh9d h] ! ,bible & all practices ( devotion & ! elem5t>y articles ( ! common cre$1 w\ld be di/ru/fully reg>d$ ev5 by ^? :o w9k at ! same k9d ( m5tal boldness 9 m54 ,nay1 %e w\ld be s reg>d$ ev5 by "s ( ! v m5 :o h !mselves disc>d$ z sup]/ition :at !y /ill wi% wom5 to reta9 = law & gospel4 ,s long z any class ( adults are effectually disc\rag$ 9 ! free use ( _! m9ds ^u ! mo/ important subjects1 we are w>rant$ 9 say+ t ! era ( free ?\ght1 :i* naturally prec$es ! era ( free spee*1 is /ill imp]fectly develop$4 ,! duties & rights ( free spee* are by no means id5tical ) ^? ( indep5d5t ?\ght4 ,"o g5]al reason = ?is is tol]ably pla94 ,! expression ( op9ion directly affects o!r p1 :ile its m]e =mation directly affects no "o b ourselves4 ,!re=e ! limits ( compromise 9 expression are less widely & freely plac$1 because ! rights & int]e/s ( all :o may be made li/5]s to our spok5 or writt5 words are imm$iately conc]n$4 ,9 =m+ op9ions1 a man or woman owes no consid]ation to any p]son or p]sons :atev]4 ,tru? is ! s+le object4 ,x is tru? t 9 ! =um ( consci5ce claims an undivid$ allegiance4 ,! publication ( op9ion /&s on ano!r foot+4 ,t is an ext]nal act1 ) possible consequ5ces1 l all o!r ext]nal acts1 bo? to ! do] & to e "o )9 ! sph]e ( 8 influ5ce4 ,&1 besides ^!1 x has possible consequ5ces to ! prosp]ity ( ! op9ion itself4#ai ,a hundr$ que/ions ( fitness1 ( seasonabl5ess1 ( conflict+ exp$i5cies1 pres5t !mselves 9 ?is connection1 & no?+ gives m anxiety to a s5sible man :o holds notions oppos$ to ! curr5t prejudices1 ?an to hit ! "r m>k :]e intellectual integrity & prud5ce1 firmness & wise res]ve1 are 9 exact accord4 ,:5 we come to decl>+ op9ions t are1 h[ev] fooli%ly & unreasonably1 associat$ ) pa9 & ev5 a k9d ( turpitude 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o /rongly object to !m1 !n "s ( our mo/ p[]ful sympa?ies are naturally engag$4 ,we wond] :e!r duty to tru? c possibly require u to inflict ke5 di/ress on ^? to :om we are b\nd by ! t5d]e/ & mo/ consecrat$ ties4 ,?is is s :olly hon\rable a s5tim5t1 t no "o :o has n made himself drunk ) ! ?9 s\r w9e ( a crude & absolute logic w refuse to consid] x4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 attempt+ to illu/rate cases ( consci5ce 9 ?is ord]1 we v5ture to make a %ort digression into ! region ( ! matt]1 z di/9ct f ! mann] ( free spee*4 ,"o or two *anges ( great importance 9 ! way 9 :i* m5 ?9k ab\t religion1 be> directly ^u ! conditions on :i* !y may p]mit !mselves & o!rs to speak ab\t x4 ,! peculi> "* ( all ! be/ k9ds ( diss5t f ! nom9al cre$ ( ! "t1 makes x r less difficult = u to try to reconcile unfl9*+ hone/y ) a j & becom+ reg>d = ! feel+s ( ^? :o h claims ^u our =be>ance1 ?an w\ld h be5 ! case a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ',x is n n[ ) a polite sne]1' z a high ecclesia/ical au?ority lately admitt$1 '/ill less ) a rude buffet or co>se words1 t ,*ri/ianity is assail$4' ,be=e *ur*m5 congratulate !mselves too w>mly on ?is improvem5t 9 ! nature ( ! attack1 p]haps !y ought to ask !mselves h[ f> x is due to ! *ange 9 ! position ( ! def5d+ p>ty4 ,! tru? is t ! co>se & reali/ic criticism ( :i* ,voltaire 0 ! consummate ma/]1 has done its "w4 ,x has driv5 ! def5d]s ( ! old fai? into ! mild] & m g5ial climate ( non-natural int]pretations1 & ! hi/oric s5se1 & a c]ta9 ela/ic relativity ( dogma4 ,! old criticism 0 victori\s1 b aft] victory x vani%$4 ,"o reason ( ?is 0 t ! co>se & reali/ic =ms ( belief _h ei!r vani%$ be=e x1 or else !y =sook _! anci5t pret5sions & clo!d !mselves 9 m mode/ robes4 ,! consequ5ce ( ?is1 & ( o!r causes :i* might be nam$1 is t ! mod]n attack1 :ile fully z s]i\s & mu* m radical1 has a c]ta9 gravity1 decorum1 & wor?9ess ( =m4 ,no "o ( any s5se or k n[ ?9ks ! ,*ri/ian religion _h its orig9 9 delib]ate impo/ure4 ,! mod]n free?9k] does n attack x2 he expla9s x4 ,& :at is m1 he expla9s x by ref]r+ its gr[? to ! bett]1 & n to ! worse "p ( human nature4 ,he traces x to m5's crav+s = a high] morality4 ,he f9ds its s\rce 9 _! aspirations aft] nobl] expression ( t feel+ = ! incomm5surable ?+s1 :i* is 9 tru? "u s _m v>ieties ( inwov5 patt]n ! common univ]sal web ( religi\s fai?4 ,! result ( ?is way ( look+ at a cre$ :i* a man no long] accepts1 is t he is able to speak ( x ) pati5ce & hi/oric respect4 ,he c op5ly m>k 8 diss5t f x1 )\t exac]bat+ ! or?odox s5tim5t by gall+ pleasantries or bitt] animadv]sion ^u details4 ,we are n[ awake to ! all-important tru? t belief 9 ?is or t detail ( sup]/ition is ! result ( an irrational /ate ( m9d1 & fl[s logically f sup]/iti\s premisses4 ,we see t x is to beg9 at ! wrong end1 to assail ! d$uctions z impossible1 in/ead ( s$ul\sly build+ up a /ate ( m9d 9 :i* _! impossibility w\ld become spontane\sly visible4 ,besides ! great *ange :i* su* a po9t ( view makes 9 m5's way ( speak+ ( a religion1 ^: dogmas & docum5ts !y reject1 !re is ?is fur!r consid]ation lean+ 9 ! same direction4 ,! t5d5cy ( mod]n free ?\ght is m & m visibly t[>ds ! extraction ( ! fir/ & m p]man5t elem5ts ( ! old fai?1 to make ! purifi$ mat]ial ( ! new4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,congreve met ! fam\s epigram ab\t ,comte's sy/em be+ ,ca?olicism m9us ,*ri/ianity1 by ! reply t x is ,ca?olicism plus ,sci5ce1 he gave an +5i\s expression to ! direction :i* is almo/ necess>ily tak5 by all :o attempt1 9 h[ev] in=mal a mann]1 to con/ruct = !mselves "s work+ sy/em ( fai?1 9 place ( ! fai? :i* sci5ce & criticism h sapp$4 ,9 :at ultimate =m1 acceptable to great multitudes ( m51 ^! attempts w at la/ issue1 no "o c n[ tell4 ,= we1 l ! ,hebrews ( old1 %all all h to live & die 9 fai?1 'n hav+ receiv$ ! promises1 b hav+ se5 !m af> (f1 & be+ p]suad$ ( !m1 & embrac+ !m1 & confess+ t we are /rang]s & pilgrims on ! e>?4' ,mean:ile1 aft] ! fir/ great gl[ & passion ( ! j & necess>y revolt ( reason aga9/ sup]/ition h sl[ly lo/ ! excit+ spl5d\r ( ! dawn1 & become diffus$ 9 ! col\rless space ( a r bleak noonday1 ! m9d gradually collects aga9 "s ( ! ideas ( ! old religion ( ! ,we/1 & will+ly1 or ev5 joyfully1 suff]s itself to be once m brea!d ^u by some?+ ( its _s4 ,*ri/ianity 0 ! la/ great religi\s syn!sis4 ,x is ! "o ne>e/ to u4 ,no?+ is m natural ?an t ^? :o _c re/ cont5t ) intellectual analysis1 :ile await+ ! adv5t ( ! ,sa9t ,paul ( ! humanit>ian fai? ( ! future1 %\ld ga!r up provisionally su* fragm5t>y illu/rations ( ?is new fai? z are to be f\nd 9 ! records ( ! old4 ,:atev] =m may be ultimately impos$ on our vague religi\s aspirations by "s prophet to come1 :o %all unite sublime dep? ( feel+ & l(ty purity ( life ) /rong intellectual grasp & ! gift ( a noble eloqu5ce1 we may at lea/ be sure ( ?is1 t x w /& z closely relat$ to ,*ri/ianity z ,*ri/ianity /ood closely relat$ to ! old ,judaic disp5sation4 ,x is commonly assum$ t ! reject]s ( ! popul> religion /& 9 face ( x1 z ! ,*ri/ians /ood 9 face ( ! pagan belief & pagan rites 9 ! ,empire4 ,! analogy is inexact4 ,! mod]n d5i]1 if he is any?+ bett] ?an t1 or ent]ta9s hopes ( a cre$ to come1 is ne>] to ! position ( ! ,*ri/ianis+ ,jew4#bj ,sci5ce1 :5 %e has accompli%$ all h] triumphs 9 h] own ord]1 w /ill h to g back1 :5 ! "t comes1 to assi/ 9 ! build+ up ( a new cre$ by :i* m5 c live4 ,! build]s w h to seek mat]ial 9 ! purifi$ & sublimat$ ideas1 ( :i* ! confessions & rites ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es h be5 ! gross] expression4 ,j z :at 0 once ! new disp5sation 0 prea*$ a ,judaeos ad ,judaeos apud ,judaeos1 s mu/ ! new1 t is to be1 f9d a ,*ri/ian tea*] & ,*ri/ian he>]s4 ,x c h>dly be o!r ?an an expansion1 a developm5t1 a readaptation1 ( all ! moral & spiritual tru? t lay hidd5 "u ! worn-out =ms4 ,x mu/ be su* a h>monis+ ( ! tru? ) our intellectual conceptions z %all fit x to be an active guide to conduct4 ,9 a _w ':]e m5 sit & he> ea* o!r groan1 :]e b to ?9k is to be full ( sorr[1' x is h>d to imag9e a "t :5 we %all be indiff]5t to t sov]eign leg5d ( ,pity4 ,we h to incorporate x 9 "s wid] gospel ( ,ju/ice & ,progress4 ,i %all n1 ,i hope1 be suspect$ ( any desire to prophesy too smoo? ?+s4 ,x is no object ( ours to bridge ov] ! gulf betwe5 belief 9 ! vulg> !ology & disbelief4 ,nor = a s+le mom5t d we pret5d t1 :5 all ! po9ts ( contact betwe5 virtu\s belief & virtu\s disbelief are made ! mo/ ( t good fai? w all[1 !re w n /ill & aft] all rema9 a t]rible controv]sy betwe5 ^? :o cl+ passionately to all ! consolations1 my/]ies1 p]sonalities1 ( ! or?odox fai?1 & u :o h made up our m9ds to face ! wor/1 & to %ape1 z be/ we c1 a life 9 :i* ! c>d9al v]ities ( ! common cre$ %all h no place4 ,! future fai?1 l ! fai? ( ! pa/1 br+s n peace b a sword4 ,x is a tale n ( concord1 b ( h\seholds divid$ aga9/ !mselves4 ,^? :o are incessantly /riv+ to make ! old bottles hold ! new w9e1 to reconcile ! irreconcilable1 to br+ ! ,bible & ! dogmas ( ! *ur*es to be good fri5ds ) hi/ory & criticism1 are prompt$ by ! humane/ int5tion4#ba ,"o sympa?ises ) ?is amiable anxiety to s(t5 %ocks1 & break ! rud5ess ( a vital transition4 ,9 ?is essay1 at any rate1 !re is no su* attempt4 ,we "k t x is ! son aga9/ ! fa!r1 & ! "m-9-law aga9/ ! daught]-9-law4 ,no s(tness ( spee* w disguise ! port5t\s diff]5ces betwe5 ^? :o admit a sup]natural revelation & ^? :o d5y x4 ,no *>ity nor goodwill c n>r[ ! intellectual brea* betwe5 ^? :o decl>e t a _w )\t an ev]-pres5t ,creator ) intelligible attributes w\ld be to !m empty & void1 & ^? :o insi/ t none ( ! attributes ( a ,creator c ev] be grasp$ by ! f9ite intellig5ce ( m54#bb ,our object 9 urg+ ! hi/oric1 semi-cons]vative1 & almo/ sympa!tic quality1 :i* di/+ui%es ! unbelief ( to-day f ! unbelief ( a hundr$ ye>s ago1 is only to %[ t ! mo/ /r5u\s & upright ( pla9-speak]s is less likely to %ock & w\nd ! lawful s5sibilities ( dev\t p]sons ?an he w\ld h be5 s long z unbelief w5t no fur!r ?an bitt] attack on small details4 ,9 %ort1 all save ! purely negative & purely de/ructive s*ool ( free?9k]s1 are n[ able to deal ) ! beliefs f :i* !y diss5t1 9 a way :i* makes pati5t & dis9t]e/$ controv]sy n :olly impossible4 ,"o m po9t ( mu* importance ought to be m5tion$4 ,! belief t h]esy is ! result ( wilful depravity is fa/ dy+ out4 ,p no long] s]i\sly ?9k t speculative error is b\nd up ) moral iniquity1 or t mi/ak5 ?9k+ is ei!r ! result or ! cause ( wick$ liv+4 ,ev5 ! (ficial m\?pieces ( e/abli%$ beliefs n[ usually repres5t a bad he>t z only "o among o!r possible causes ( unbelief4 ,x divides ! curse ) ignorance1 intellectual %all[ness1 ! un=tunate influ5ce ( plausible h]esi>*s1 & o!r alt]native roots ( evil4 ,!y ?us leave a way ( escape1 by :i* ! p]son :o does n %>e _! own convictions may /ill be cr$it$ ) a good moral "*4 ,"s p]sons1 x is true1 '_c see h[ a man :o delib]ately rejects ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion c1 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o e>ne/ly believe x1 be o!r ?an a rebel aga9/ ,god4' ,!y assure u t1 'z op9ions become bett] m>k$ & m di/9ctly connect$ ) action1 ! tru? t decid$ diss5t f !m implies m or less ( a reproa* ^u ^? :o hold !m decid$ly1 becomes s obvi\s t e "o p]ceives x4' ,no d\bt a prote/ant or a sceptic reg>ds ! beliefs ( a ca?olic z a reproa* ^u ! believ]'s und]/&+4 ,s ! man ^: :ole fai? re/s on ! miracul\s & on acts ( special int]v5tion1 reg>ds ! /rictly positive & sci5tific ?9k] z ! dupe ( a crude & n>r[ logic4 ,b ?is n[ c>ries ) x no implication ( moral obliquity4 ,de ,mai/re's r grotesque conviction t infidels always die ( horrible diseases ) special names1 c\ld n[ only be held among ! v dregs ( ! ecclesia/ical _w4 ,nor is x correct to say t ':5 religi\s diff]5ces come to be1 & are reg>d$ z1 m]e diff]5ces ( op9ion1 x is because ! controv]sy is really decid$ 9 ! sceptical s5se4' ,^? :o agree ) ! pres5t writ]1 = example1 are n sceptics4 ,!y positively1 absolutely1 & )\t res]ve1 reject z false ! :ole sy/em ( objective propositions :i* make up ! popul> belief ( ! day1 9 "o & all ( its !ological expressions4 ,!y look ^u t sy/em z mis*iev\s 9 its consequ5ces to society1 = _m reasons1--among o!rs because x t5ds to div]t & misdirect ! mo/ en]getic faculties ( human nature4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n make !m suspect ! motives or ! habitual morality ( ^? :o rema9 9 ! cre$ 9 :i* !y 7 nurtur$4 ,! diff]5ce is a diff]5ce ( op9ion1 z purely z if we refus$ to accept ! undulatory !ory ( light2 & we treat x z su*4 ,!n rev]se ?is4 ,:y is x any m impossible = ^? :o rema9 9 ! !ological /age1 :o are n 9 ! smalle/ degree sceptical1 :o 9 _! he>t ( he>ts embrace )\t a %ad[ ( misgiv+ all ! my/]ies ( ! fai?1 :y is x any m impossible = !m ?an = u1 ^: convictions are z /rong z !irs1 to treat ! mo/ radical dissid5ce z t & no?+ o!r or worse8 ,logically1 x p]haps might n be h>d to convict !m ( inconsi/5cy1 b !n1 z has be5 s (t5 said1 inconsi/5cy is a totally diff]5t ?+ f ins9c]ity1 or d\bt+ adh]5ce1 or sil5t scepticism4 ,! beliefs ( an ord9>y man are a complex /ructure ( v subtle mat]ials1 all compact$ into a :ole1 n by logic1 b by lack ( logic2 n by syllogism or sorites1 b by ! vague4 ,z a pla9 matt] ( fact & obs]vation1 we may all p]ceive t diss5t f religi\s op9ion less & less implies reproa* 9 any s]i\s s5se4 ,we all ( u "k 9 ! fle% lib]al ca?olics & latitud9>ian prote/ants1 :o hold ! v consid]able numb] ( beliefs t rema9 to !m1 q z firmly & und\bt+ly z believ]s :o are nei!r lib]al nor latitud9>ian4 ,! compatibility ( error 9 fai? ) virtue 9 conduct is to !m only a my/]y ! m1 a bran* ( ! insoluble problem ( ,evil1 p]mitt$ by a ,be+ at once all-p[]ful & all-b5evol5t4 ,/r+5t logic may make %ort "w ( ei!r fact1--a b5evol5t au?or ( evil1 or a virtu\s despis] ( div9e tru?4 ,b 9 an atmosph]e ( my/]y1 logical contradictions melt away4 ,fai? gives a sanction to t tol]ant & *>itable judgm5t ( ! "* ( h]etics1 :i* has its real spr+s p>tly 9 common human sympa?y :]eby we are all b\nd to "o ano!r1 & p>tly 9 exp]i5ce1 :i* tea*es u t practical righte\sness & speculative or?odoxy d n always h _! roots 9 ! same soil4 ,! _w is e day gr[+ l>g]4 ,! range ( ! facts ( ! human race is be+ enorm\sly ext5d$ by naturali/s1 by hi/orians1 by philologi/s1 by travell]s1 by critics4 ,! manifold pa/ exp]i5ces ( humanity are daily op5+ out to u 9 va/] & at ! same "t m ord]$ proportions4 ,& s ev5 ^? :o hold fa/ to ,*ri/ianity z ! noble/1 /ronge/1 & only f9al conclusion ( ^! exp]i5ces1 are yet con/ra9$ to admit t x is no m ?an a s+le t]m 9 a v long & intricate s]ies4 ,! object ( ! =ego+ digression is to %[ "s cause = ?9k+ t diss5t f ! curr5t beliefs is less & less likely to inflict ^u ^? :o reta9 !m any v intol]able k9d or degree ( m5tal pa94 ,!re=e x is 9 s f> all ! pla9]1 z well z easi]1 a duty n to conceal su* diss5t4 ,:at we h be5 say+ comes to ?is4 ,if a believ] f9ds t 8 son1 = in/ance1 has ceas$ to believe1 he no long] has ?is disbelief ?ru/ ^u him 9 gross & irrev]5t =ms4 ,nor does he any long] suppose t ! unbeliev+ son mu/ necess>ily be a pr(ligate4 ,& moreov]1 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$1 he no long] supposes t infidels1 ( 8 own family or acqua9tance at any rate1 w consume = et]nal ages 9 lakes ( burn+ m>l4 ,let u add ano!r consid]ation4 ,"o reason :y s _m p]sons are really %ock$ & pa9$ by ! av[al ( h]etical op9ions is ! v fact t su* av[al is uncommon4 ,if unbeliev]s & d\bt]s 7 m c\rage\s1 believ]s w\ld be less timor\s4 ,x is because !y live 9 an en]vat+ fool's p>adise ( seem+ ass5t & con=mity1 t ! brea? ( an hone/ & outspok5 ^w /rikes s eag] & nipp+ on _! s5sibilities4 ,if !y 7 n enc\rag$ to suppose t all ! _w is ( _! own m9d1 if !y 7 =c$ out ( t atmosph]e ( self-indulg5t sil5ces & hypocritical res]ves1 :i* is sy/ematically p\r$ r\nd !m1 !y w\ld acquire a robu/] m5tal habit4 ,!y w\ld le>n to take diss5ts = :at !y are wor?4 ,!y w\ld be l$ ei!r to /r5g!n or to disc>d _! own op9ions1 if ! diss5ts happ5$ to be weighty or in/ructive2 ei!r to refute or neglect su* diss5ts z %\ld be ill-f\nd$ or insignificant4 ,!y w rema9 valetud9>ians1 s long z a curta9 ( compromise %elt]s !m f ! real belief ( ^? ( _! neighb\rs :o h v5tur$ to use _! m9ds ) "s measure ( indep5d5ce4 ,a v brief contact ) p :o1 :5 ! occasion comes1 d n %r9k f say+ :at !y ?9k1 is en\gh to modify t excessive liability to be %ock$ at tru?-speak+1 :i* is only s common because tru?-speak+ itself is s unfamili>4 ,n[1 h[ev] great ! pa9 inflict$ by ! av[al ( unbelief1 x seems to ! pres5t writ] t "o relation%ip 9 life1 & "o only1 ju/ifies u 9 be+ sil5t :]e o!rwise x w\ld be "r to speak4 ,?is relation%ip is t betwe5 *ild & p>5ts4 ,^? p>5ts are wise/ :o tra9 _! sons & daught]s 9 ! utmo/ lib]ty bo? ( ?\ght & spee*2 :o d n in/ill dogmas into !m1 b inculcate ^u !m ! sov]eign importance ( correct ways ( =m+ op9ions2 :o1 :ile nev] dissembl+ ! great fact t if "o op9ion is true1 its contradictory _c be true also1 b mu/ be a lie & mu/ p>take ( all ! evil qualities ( a lie1 yet always set !m ! example ( li/5+ to unwelcome op9ions ) pati5ce & c&\r4 ,/ill all p>5ts are n wise4 ,!y _c all endure to he> ( any religi\s op9ions except _! own4 ,:]e x w\ld give !m s9c]e & deep pa9 to he> a son or daught] av[ disbelief 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,bible & s =?1 !n x seems t ! y\ng] p]son is w>rant$ 9 refra9+ f say+ t he or %e does n accept su* & su* doctr9es4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 only :]e ! son or daught] feels a t5d] & g5u9e atta*m5t to ! p>5t4 ,:]e ! p>5t has n e>n$ ?is atta*m5t1 has be5 selfi%1 indiff]5t1 or cruel1 ! title to ! special k9d ( =be>ance ( :i* we are speak+ c h>dly exi/4 ,9 an ord9>y way1 h[ev]1 a p>5t has a claim on u :i* no o!r p]son 9 ! _w c h1 & a man's self-respect ought sc>cely to be injur$ if he f9ds himself %r9k+ f play+ ! apo/le to 8 own fa!r & "m4 ,"o c inde$ imag9e circum/ances :]e ?is w\ld n be true4 ,if y are p]suad$ t y h _h reveal$ to y a glori\s gospel ( light & bless$ness1 x is impossible n to ?ir/ to imp>t su* tid+s mo/ eag]ly to ^? :o are close/ ab\t y\r he>t4 ,we are n 9 t position4 ,we h z yet no magnific5t vision1 s def9ite1 s t\*+1 s 'clo!d ) ! beauty ( a ?\s& />s1' z to make u eag]1 = ! sake ( x1 to murd] all ! sweetnesses ( filial piety 9 an aggressive eri/ic4 ,?is mu* "o conc$es4 ,yet let u ev] rememb] t ^? eld]s are ( nobl] type :o h kept _! m9ds 9 a g5]\s fre$om1 & h made !mselves /rong ) t magnanim\s confid5ce 9 tru?1 :i* ! ,hebrew express$ 9 old phrase1 t if c\nsel or "w be ( m5 x w come to n\ght1 b if x be ( ,god ye _c ov]?r[ x4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( p>5ts1 & ev5 ?\gh our new cre$ is b rudim5t>y1 !re c be no good reason :y we %\ld g fur!r 9 ! way ( economy ?an m]e sil5ce4 ,nei!r !y nor any o!r human be+ c possibly h a "r to expect u1 n m]ely to ab/a9 f ! op5 expression ( diss5ts1 b positively to pr(ess unreal & feign$ ass5ts4 ,no fe> ( giv+ pa91 no wi% to soo! ! al>ms ( ^? to :om we owe mu*1 no respect = ! natural cl++ ( ! old to ! fai? :i* has accompani$ !m ?r\gh hon\rable lives1 c w>rant u 9 say+ t we believe to be true :at we are conv9c$ is false4 ,! mo/ lax morali/ c\nts a lie wrong1 ev5 :5 ! motive is unselfi%1 & spr+s f ! desire to give pleasure to ^? :om x is our duty to please4 ,a delib]ate lie av[$ly does n cease to be "o because x conc]ns spiritual ?+s4 ,nor is x ! less wrong because x is utt]$ by "o to :om all spiritual ?+s h become indiff]5t4 ,filial affection is a motive :i* w\ld1 if any motive c\ld1 remove "s ( ! ta9t ( meanness ) :i* pi\s ly+1 l e o!r k9d ( ly+1 t5ds to infect "*4 ,! motive may no d\bt ennoble ! act1 ?\gh ! act rema9s 9 ! category ( =bidd5 ?+s4 ,b ! motive ( ^! complaisant ass5ts & false affirmations1 tak5 at _! v be/1 is /ill comp>atively a poor motive4 ,no real elevation ( _s is possible = a man :o is will+ to subord9ate 8 convictions to 8 dome/ic affections1 & to br+ himself to a habit ( view+ falsehood lightly1 le/ ! tru? %\ld %ock ! illegitimate & ov]-exact+ s5sibilities ei!r ( 8 p>5ts or any "o else4 ,we may und]/& :at is meant by ! logic ( ! feel+s1 & accept x z ! prop] corrective = a too int5se egoism4 ,b :5 ! logic ( ! feel+s is invok$ to sub/itute ! egoism ( ! family = ! slightly n>r[] egoism ( ! individual1 x c h>dly be m ?an a f9e "n = self-indulg5ce & a call\s indiff]5ce to all ! l>ge/ human int]e/s4 ,?is br+s u to consid] ! case ( ano!r no less mom5t\s relation%ip1 & ! k9d ( compromise 9 ! matt] ( religi\s con=mity :i* x ju/ifies or imposes4 ,x con/antly happ5s t ! husb& has :olly ceas$ to believe ! religion to :i* 8 wife cl+s ) un%ak5 fai?4 ,we ne$ n ent] into ! causes :y wom5 rema9 9 bondage to op9ions :i* s _m cultivat$ m5 ei!r reject or else hold 9 a transc5d5tal & non-natural s5se4 ,! only "q ) :i* we are conc]n$ is ! am\nt ( free ass]tion ( 8 own convictions :i* a man %\ld claim & practise1 :5 he kn[s t su* convictions are di/a/eful to 8 wife4 ,is x lawful1 z x seems to be 9 deal+ ) p>5ts1 to hold 8 conviction sil5tly8 ,is x lawful ei!r positively or by implication to lead 8 wife to suppose t he %>es h] op9ions1 :5 9 tru? he rejects !m8 ,if x 7 n = ! maxims & practice 9 daily use among m5 o!rwise hon\rable1 "o w\ld n suppose x possible t two answ]s c\ld be giv5 to ^! que/ions by any "o ) ! smalle/ pret5ce ( pr9ciple or self-respect4 ,z x is1 we all ( u "k m5 :o delib]ately reject ! entire ,*ri/ian sy/em1 & /ill ?9k x compatible ) uprightness to summon _! :ole e/abli%m5ts r\nd !m at morn+ & ev5+1 & on _! knees to (f] up elaborately =mulat$ pray]s1 :i* h j z mu* mean+ to !m z ! entrails ( ! sacrificial victim _h to an infidel h>uspex4 ,we see ! same m5 dilig5tly att5d+ religi\s s]vices2 utt]+ ass5ts to confessions ( :i* !y really reject e syllable2 kneel+1 ris+1 b[+1 ) deceptive solemnity2 ev5 p>tak+ ( ! sacram5t ) a consummate dev\tness t is v edify+ to all :o are n 9 ! secret1 & :o d n "k t !y are act+ a "p1 & mak+ a mock bo? ( _! own reason & _! own probity1 m]ely to please p]sons ^: delusions !y pity & despise f ! bottom ( _! he>ts4 ,on ! surface !re is c]ta9ly no?+ to di/+ui% ?is k9d ( conduct f ! grosse/ hypocrisy4 ,is !re any?+ "u ! surface to relieve x f ?is complexion8 ,is !re any weight 9 ! sort ( answ] :i* su* m5 make to ! accusation t _! con=mity is a v degrad+ =m ( deceit1 & a s+ul>ly mis*iev\s k9d ( trea*]y8 ,is ! plea ( a wi% to sp>e m5tal discom=t to o!rs an admissible & valid plea8 ,x seems to u to be none ( ^! ?+s1 & = ! foll[+ among o!r reasons4 ,if a man drew 8 wife by lot1 or by any o!r me?od ov] :i* nei!r he nor %e has any control1 z 9 ! case ( p>5ts1 p]haps he might ) "s plausibl5ess cont5d t he ow$ h] c]ta9 limit$ def]5ces & res]ves1 j z we admit t he may owe !m to 8 p>5ts4 ,b ?is is n ! case4 ,m>riage1 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 is ! result ( mutual *oice4 ,if m5 & wom5 d z a matt] ( fact usually make ?is *oice ha/ily & on w(ully imp]fect in=mation ( "o ano!r's *>act]s1 t is no w>rant = a resort to unlawful exp$i5ts to rem$y ! blund]4 ,if a woman c>es ard5tly en\gh ab\t religion to feel ke5 di/ress at ! idea ( diss5t f x on ! "p ( ^? closely connect$ ) h]1 %e surely may be expect$ to take reasonable pa9s to asc]ta9 be=eh& ! religi\s attitude ( "o ) :om %e is ab\t to unite h]self = life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if a man sets any value on 8 own op9ions1 if !y are 9 any real s5se a "p ( himself1 he mu/ be guilty ( some?+ l delib]ate & sy/ematic duplicity dur+ ! acqua9tance prec$+ m>riage1 if 8 diss5t has rema9$ unsuspect$4 ,c]ta9ly if m5 g ?r\gh society be=e m>riage "u false col\rs1 & feign beliefs :i* !y d n hold1 !y h only !mselves to ?ank = ! degradation ( hav+ to keep up ! impo/ure aft]w>ds4 ,suppose a prote/ant 7 to pass himself (f = a ca?olic because he happ5$ to meet a ca?olic lady :om he desir$ to m>ry4 ,ev]ybody w\ld agree 9 call+ su* a man by a v h>% "n4 ,x is h>d to see :y a free?9k]1 :o by retic5ce & con=mity passes himself (f = a believ]1 %\ld be m l5i5tly judg$4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 a ca?olic & a prote/ant are assur$ly n any great] ?an ^? betwe5 a believ] & an unbeliev]4 ,we all admit ! bas5ess ( dissimulation 9 ! =m] case4 ,:y is x any less base 9 ! latt]8 ,m>riages1 h[ev]1 are (t5 made 9 ha/e1 or he$lessly1 or e>ly 9 life1 be=e ei!r man or woman has come to feel v deeply ab\t religion ei!r "o way or ano!r4 ,! woman does n "k h[ mu* %e w ne$ religion1 nor :at com=t x may br+ to h]4 ,! man does n "k all ! objections to x :i* may disclose !mselves to 8 und]/&+ z ! ye>s rip54 ,!re is always at "w t mo/ un=tunate maxim1 tacitly held & act$ ^u 9 n9ety-n9e m>riages out ( a hundr$1 t money is ( importance1 & social position is ( importance1 & good connections are ( importance1 & heal? & mann]s & comely looks1 & t ! only ?+ :i* is ( no importance :atev] is op9ion & intellectual quality & temp]4 ,n[ grant+ t bo? man & woman are indiff]5t at ! "t ( _! union1 is t any reason :y ^u ei!r ( !m acquir+ s]i\s convictions1 ! o!r %\ld be expect$1 out ( m]e complaisance1 to make a false & hypocritical pret5ce ( %>+ !m8 ,to see h[ flimsy is ?is plea ( fe>+ to give pa9 to ! religi\s s5sitiv5ess ( wom51 we h only to imag9e "o or two cases :i* g beyond ! common exp]i5ce1 yet :i* ought n to /ra9 ! plea1 if x be valid4 ,?us1 if my wife turns ca?olic1 am ,i to pret5d to turn ca?olic too1 to save h] ! horrible di/ress ( ?9k+ t ,i am doom$ to et]nal p]dition8 ,or if %e *ooses to embrace ! doctr9e ( direct illum9ation f heav51 & to he> voices bidd+ h] to g or come1 to d or ab/a9 f do+1 am ,i too to %ape my conduct aft] ^! fanci$ monitions8 ,or if x comes into h] m9d to s]ve tables1 & to li/5 9 all fai? to ! miracles ( spiritualism1 am ,i1 le/ ,i %\ld pa9 h]1 to feign a surr5d] ( all my notions ( evid5ce1 to pret5d a trans=mation ( all my ideas ( wor?9ess 9 life & beyond life1 & to g to sances ) ! same regul>ity & s]i\sness ) :i* y g to *ur*8 ,( c\rse 9 ea* ( ^! cases ev]ybody :o does n happ5 to %>e ! giv5 peculi>ity ( belief1 w agree t h[ev] sev]ely a husb&'s diss5t might pa9 ! wife1 :atev] di/ress & discom=t x might inflict ^u h]1 yet he w\ld be b\nd to let h] suff]1 r ?an sacrifice 8 v]acity & self-respect4 ,:y !n is x any less discr$itable to practise an ins9c]e con=mity 9 m ord9>y circum/ances8 ,if ! pr9ciple ( su* con=mity is good = any?+ at all1 x ought to cov] ^! less usual cases z completely z ! o!rs :i* are m usual4 ,inde$ !re w\ld be m to be said on behalf ( con=mity = polit5ess' sake1 :]e ! woman _h gone ?r\gh "s great process ( *ange1 = !n "o might suppose t h] he>t 0 deeply set on ! matt]4 ,ev5 !n ! plea w\ld be wor?less1 b x is m indisputably wor?less /ill :]e ! s5tim5t :i* we are bidd5 to respect at ! co/ ( our own fre$om ( spee* is no?+ m laudable ?an a fe> ( mov+ out ( ! common groove ( religi\s op9ion1 or an intol]ant & unreason$ bigotry1 or m]e /upidity & sill9ess ( ! vulg>e/ type4#bc ,ah1 x is said1 y =get t wom5 _c live )\t religion4 ,! pres5t writ] is equally ( ?is op9ion t wom5 _c be happy )\t a religion1 nor m5 ei!r4 ,t is n ! "q4 ,x does n foll[ because a woman _c be happy )\t a religion1 t !re=e %e _c be happy unless h] husb& is ( ! same religion4 ,/ill less1 t %e w\ld be made happy by 8 ins9c]ely pret5d+ to be ( ! same religion4 ,& lea/ ( all is x true1 if bo? ^! propositions 7 cr$ible1 t ev5 !n = ! sake ( h] happ9ess he is b\nd n m]ely to live a life ( impo/ure1 b 9 s do+ to augm5t ! g5]al =ces ( impo/ure 9 ! _w1 & to make ! *ances ( tru?1 light1 & human improvem5t m & m unfav\rable4 ,wom5 are at pres5t f> less likely ?an m5 to possess a s\nd intellig5ce & a habit ( correct judgm5t4 ,!y w rema9 s1 :ile !y h less ready access ?an m5 to ! be/ k9ds ( lit]>y & sci5tific tra9+1 &--:at is f> m important--:ile social arrangem5ts exclude !m f all ^? k9ds ( public activity1 :i* are su* p[]ful ag5ts bo? 9 fitt+ m5 to judge s\ndly1 & 9 =m+ 9 !m ! s5se ( responsibility = _! judgm5ts be+ s\nd4 ,x may be cont5d$ t ?is alleg$ /rong] religiosity ( wom51 h[ev] co>se & poor 9 its =mulae1 is yet ( con/ant value z a prote/ 9 fav\r ( ! ma9t5ance ( ! religi\s elem5t 9 human "* & life1 & t ?is is a f> m important ?+ = u all ?an ! great] or less tru? ( ! dogmas ) :i* su* religiosity happ5s to be associat$4 ,9 reply to ?is1 )\t t$i\sly lab\r+ ! argum5t1 ,i v5ture to make ! foll[+ obs]vations4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is an unt5able idea t religiosity or dev\tness ( _s is valuable 9 itself1 )\t ref]5ce to ! goodness or badness ( ! dogmatic =ms & ! practices 9 :i* x clo!s itself4 ,a fakir w\ld h>dly be an e/imable figure 9 our society1 m]ely because 8 way ( liv+ happ5s to be a manife/ation ( ! religi\s _s4 ,if ! religi\s _s leads to a wor?y & beautiful life1 if x %[s itself 9 *e]fulness1 9 pity1 9 *>ity & tol]ance1 9 =giv5ess1 9 a s5se ( ! l>g5ess & ! my/]y ( ?+s1 9 a lift+ up ( ! s\l 9 gratitude & awe to "s supreme p[] & sov]eign =ce1 !n :atev] drawback !re may be 9 ! way ( sup]/iti\s dogma1 /ill su* a _s is on ! :ole a good ?+4 ,if n1 n4 ,x w\ld be bett] )\t ! sup]/ition3 ev5 ) ! sup]/ition x is good4 ,b if ! religi\s _s is only a f9e "n = n>r[ness ( und]/&+1 = /ubborn intol]ance1 = m]e social =mality1 = a dread ( los+ t poor respectability :i* means ?9k+ & do+ exactly z ! p ar\nd u ?9k & d1 !n ! religi\s _s is n a good ?+1 b a ?or\ghly bad & hateful ?+4 ,to t we owe no managem5t ( any k9d4 ,any "o :o suppresses 8 real op9ions1 & feigns o!rs1 out ( def]5ce to su* a _s z ?is 9 8 h\sehold1 ought to say pla9ly bo? to himself & to u t he c>es m = 8 own ease & undi/urb$ com=t ?an he c>es = tru? & uprightness4 ,= x is t1 & n any t5d]ness = holy ?+s1 :i* is ! real gr\nd ( 8 hypocrisy4 ,n[ ) ref]5ce to ! religi\s _s 9 its nobl] =m1 x is difficult to believe t any "o g5u9ely animat$ by x w\ld be soo!d by ! k t h] de>e/ companion is go+ ?r\gh life ) a mask on1 quietly play+ a "p1 utt]+ untrue pr(essions1 do+ 8 be/ to *eat h] & ! re/ ( ! _w by a mon/r\s spiritual make-believe4 ,"o w\ld suppose t in/ead ( hav+ h] religi\s feel+ gratifi$ by con=mity on ^! t]ms1 no?+ c\ld w\nd x s bitt]ly nor outrage x s unp>donably4 ,to "k t h] s5sibility is de/roy+ ! entir5ess ( ! man's nature1 its loyalty alike to h]self & to tru?1 its fre$om & s+l5ess & c\rage--surely ?is c h>dly be less di/ress+ to a f9e _s ?an ! suspicion t 8 h]esies may br+ him to ! pit1 or ?an ! void ( go+ ?r\gh life )\t ev5 ! semblance ( religi\s sympa?y betwe5 !m4 ,if x be urg$ t ! woman w\ld nev] discov] ! piety ( ! man to be a c\nt]feit1 we reply t unless h] own piety 7 ( ! m]ely =mal k9d1 %e w\ld be sure to make ! discov]y4 ,! congregation 9 ! old /ory 7 unt\*$ by ! disguis$ devil's eloqu5ce on behalf ( religion3 x lack$ unction4 ,! v]bal con=mity ( ! unbeliev] lacks unction1 & its holl[ness is spe$ily reveal$ to ! quick appreh5sion ( true fai?4#bd ,let u n be suppos$ to be argu+ 9 fav\r ( incessant battle ( high dialectic 9 ! h\sehold4 ,no?+ c\ld be m de/ructive ( ! graci\s composure & m5tal h>mony1 ( :i* h\sehold life ought to be1 b p]haps seldom is1 ! great organ & in/rum5t4 ,/ill less are we plead+ = ! free?9k]'s "r at e h\r ( day or night to mock1 sne]1 & gibe at ! s9c]e beliefs & consci5ti\sly p]=m$ rites ( ^?1 :e!r m5 or wom51 :e!r /rang]s or k9sfolk1 f ^: religion he disagrees4 ',x is n anci5t impressions only1' said ,pascal1 ':i* are capable ( abus+ u4 ,! *>m ( novelty has ! same p[]4' ,! prate ( new-born scepticism may be z tiresome & z odi\s z ! cant ( gray or?odoxy4 ,religi\s discussion is n to be foi/$ ^u u at e turn ei!r by def5d]s or assailants4 ,all we plead = is t :5 ! opportunity meets ! free?9k] full 9 front1 he is call$ ^u to speak z freely z he ?9ks4 ,n m ?an ?is4 ,a pla9 man has no tr\ble 9 acquir+ ?is tact ( reasonabl5ess4 ,we may all write :at we please1 because x is 9 ! discretion ( ! re/ ( ! _w :e!r !y w he>k5 or n4 ,b 9 ! family ?is is n s4 ,if a man sy/ematically intrudes disrespectful & unwelcome criticism ^u a woman :o reta9s ! anci5t belief1 he is only %[+ t free?9k] may be no m ?an bigot diff]5tly writ4 ,x ought to be ess5tial to no "o's self-respect t he _c cons5t to live ) p :o d n ?9k z he ?9ks4 ,we may be sure t !re is some?+ %all[ & convulsive ab\t ! beliefs ( a man :o _c all[ 8 h\se-mates to possess _! own beliefs 9 peace4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is ess5tial to ! self-respect ( e "o ) ! lea/ love ( tru? t he %\ld be free to express 8 op9ions on e occasion1 :]e sil5ce w\ld be tak5 = an ass5t :i* he does n really give4 ,/ill m unque/ionably1 he %\ld be free f any obligation to =swe> himself ei!r directly1 z by false pr(essions1 or by implication1 z :5 he att5d s]vices1 public or private1 :i* are to him ! symbol ( sup]/ition & m]e spiritual phantasmagoria4 ,! v9dication ( ?is simple "r ( liv+ "o's life hone/ly c h>dly dem& any h]oic virtue4 ,a little ( ! /raight=w>dness :i* m5 are accu/om$ to call manly1 is ! only quality t is ne$$2 a little ( t frank c\rage & det]m9ation 9 spiritual ?+s1 :i* m5 are usually s ready to practise t[>ds _! wives 9 temporal ?+s4 ,x mu/ be a ke5 delight to a cynic to see a man :o owns t he _c be> to pa9 8 wife by n go+ to *ur* & say+ pray]s1 yet insi/+ on hav+ 8 own way1 fe>lessly ?w>t+ h] wi%es1 & contradict+ h] op9ions1 9 e o!r detail1 small & great1 ( ! dome/ic economy4 ,! tru? ( ! matt] is t ! pa9ful elem5t 9 companion%ip is n diff]5ce ( op9ion1 b discord ( temp]am5t4 ,! important ?+ is n t two p %\ld be inspir$ by ! same convictions1 b r t ea* ( !m %\ld hold 8 & h] own convictions 9 a high & wor?y _s4 ,h>mony ( aim1 n id5tity ( conclusion1 is ! secret ( ! sympa!tic life2 to /& on ! same moral plane1 & t1 if possible1 a high "o2 to f9d satisfaction 9 diff]5t explanations ( ! purpose & significance ( life & ! univ]se1 & yet ! same satisfaction4 ,x is c]ta9ly n less possible to disbelieve religi\sly ?an to believe religi\sly4 ,?is accord ( m9d1 ?is emulation 9 fre$om & l(t9ess ( s\l1 ?is k9dr$ s5se ( ! awful dep? ( ! enigma :i* ! "o believes to be answ]$1 & ! o!r suspects to be = ev] unansw]able--"h1 & n 9 a degrad+ & hypocritical con=mity1 is ! true gratification ( ^? spiritual s5sibilities :i* are alleg$ to be s mu* high] 9 wom5 ?an 9 m54 ,:]e su* an accord exi/s1 !re may /ill be solicitude left 9 ! m9d ( ei!r at ! sup]/ition or ! incr$ulity ( ! o!r1 b x w be solicitude ( t magnanim\s sort :i* is 9 "s %ape or o!r ! inevitable & n unfruitful portion ( e bett] nature4 ,if !re are wom5 :o petulantly or s\rly insi/ on m ?an ?is k9d ( h>mony1 x is probable t _! sy/em ( div9ity is little bett] ?an a special manife/ation ( %rewi%ness4 ,! man is z mu* b\nd to resi/ t1 z he is b\nd to resi/ extravagance 9 sp5d+ money1 or any o!r vice ( "*4 ,if he does n resi/ x1 if he suppresses 8 op9ions1 & practices a hypocritical con=mity1 x mu/ be f weakness ( w & pr9ciple4 ,aga9/ ?is we h no?+ to say4 ,a consid]able proportion ( p1 m5 no less ?an wom51 are born inv]tebrate1 & !y mu/ got on z !y be/ c4 ,b let u at lea/ b>ga9 t !y %all n erect ! maxims ( _! own feebl5ess into a rule = ^? :o are brav] & ( /rong] pr9ciple ?an !mselves4 ,& d n let ! accid5tal exig5cies ( a p]sonal mi/ake be made ! f\ndation ( a g5]al doctr9e4 ,x is a poor say+1 t ! _w is to become void ( spiritual s9c]ity1 because ,xan?ippe has a turn = respectable !ology4 ,"o or two words %\ld p]haps be said 9 ?is place z to con=mity to common religi\s belief 9 ! education ( *ildr54 ,:]e ! p>5ts diff]1 ! "o be+ an unbeliev]1 ! o!r a believ]1 x is almo/ impossible = anybody to lay d[n a g5]al rule4 ,! pres5t writ] c]ta9ly has no ambition to attempt ! ?orny task ( compil+ a manual = mix$ m>riages4 ,x is p]haps en\gh to say t all w\ld dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! beliefs :i* ! religi\s p]son wi%$ to inculcate4 ,consid]+ t ! woman has an absolutely equal moral "r ) ! man to decide 9 :at fai? ! *ild %all be br\ght up1 & consid]+ h[ important x is t ! "m %\ld take an active "p 9 ! developm5t ( ! *ild's affections & impulses1 ! mo/ resolute ( d5i]s may p]haps ?9k t ! advantages ( leav+ ! matt] to h]1 outweigh ! disadvantages ( hav+ a sup]/iti\s bias giv5 to ! "y m9d4 ,9 ^! complex cases an hone/ & fair-m9d$ man's own in/9cts are m likely to lead him "r ?an any h>d & fa/ rule4 ,two res]ves 9 ass5t+ to ! wife's control ( e>ly tea*+ w probably sugge/ !mselves to ev]ybody :o is 9 e>ne/ ab\t religion4 ,fir/1 if ! !ology :i* ! woman desires to in/ill conta9s any ( ^? wick$ & deprav+ doctr9es :i* nei!r ,ca?olicism nor ,calv9ism is )\t1 9 ! h&s ( "s pr(essors1 ! husb& is z mu* ju/ifi$ 9 press+ 8 legal rights ov] ! *ild to ! utt]mo/1 z he w\ld be if ! propos$ religion dem&$ physical mutilation4 ,secondly1 he w n himself take "p 9 baptismal or o!r c]emonies :i* are to him no bett] ?an m]e mumm]ies1 nor w he ev] d any?+ to lead 8 *ildr5 at any age to suppose t he believes :at he does n believe4 ,su* limitations z ^! are comm&$ by all consid]ations alike ( morality & good s5se4 ,to turn to ! m normal case :]e ei!r ! man has _h ! wise =e?\ght n to yoke himself unequally ) a p]son ( ard5t belief :i* he does n %>e1 or :]e bo? p>5ts diss5t f ! popul> cre$4 ,"h1 :atev] difficulties may att5d its application1 ! pr9ciple is surely z cle> z ! sun at noonday4 ,!re c be no good plea = ! delib]ate & =mal inculcation ^u ! "y ( a numb] ( propositions :i* y believe to be false4 ,to d ?is is to s[ t>es n 9 y\r enemy's field1 b 9 ! v gr\nd :i* is mo/ preci\s ( all o!rs to y & mo/ full ( hope = ! future4 ,to all[ x to be done m]ely t *ildr5 may gr[ up 9 ! /]eotyp$ m\ld1 is simply to p]petuate 9 new g5]ations ! pres5t ?ick-sight$ & dead-heavy /ate ( our spirits4 ,x is to d "o's be/ to keep society = an indef9ite "t sapp$ by holl[ & void pr(essions1 in/ead ( be+ n\ri%$ by s9c]ity & :ole-he>t$ness4#be ,nor "h1 m ?an else:]e 9 ?is *apt]1 are we try+ to turn ! family into a field ( ceaseless polemic4 ,no "o :o kn[s ! /uff ( :i* life is made1 ! pressure ( mat]ial c>es1 ! play ( passion1 ! busy en]gis+ ( ! affections1 ! anxieties ( heal?1 & all ! o!r solicitudes1 g5]\s or ignoble1 :i* naturally absorb ! days ( ! common multitude ( m5--is likely to ?9k su* an ideal ei!r desirable or atta9able4 ,lea/ ( all is x desirable to give "* a /rong set 9 ?is polemical direction 9 its mo/ pla/ic days4 ,! controv]sial & d5y+ hum\r is a diff]5t ?+ f ! habit ( be+ c>eful to "k :at we mean by ! words we use1 & :at evid5ce !re is = ! beliefs we hold4 ,x is possible to fo/] ! latt] habit )\t creat+ ! =m]4 ,& x is possible to br+ up ! "y 9 diss5t f ! common beliefs ar\nd !m1 or 9 indiff]5ce to !m1 )\t eng5d]+ any ( t pride 9 ecc5tricity = its own sake1 :i* is s little likeable a quality 9 ei!r "y or old4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 little risk ( an excess 9 ?is direction4 ,! "y tremble ev5 m ?an ! old at ! p5alties ( noncon=mity4 ,!re is m excuse = !m 9 ?is4 ,su* p5alties 9 _! case usually come clos] & 9 m /r+5t =ms4 ,nei!r h !y _h "t to f9d out1 z _! eld]s h or ought to h f\nd out1 :at a v mod]ate degree ( =titude enables u to be> up aga9/ social disapproval1 :5 we "k t x is no?+ m ?an ! common =m ( conv5tion4 ,! great object is to keep ! m9ds ( ! "y z op5 z possible 9 ! matt] ( religion2 to bre$ 9 !m a c]ta9 simplicity & fre$om f self-consci\sness1 9 f9d+ !mselves )\t ! religi\s beliefs & cu/oms ( ^? ar\nd !m2 to make !m reg>d diff]5ces 9 ^! respects z v natural & ord9>y matt]s1 susceptible ( an easy explanation4 ,x is ( c\rse inevitable1 unless !y are br\ght up 9 cloi/]$ seclusion1 t !y %\ld he> mu* ( ! v>i\s articles ( belief :i* we are anxi\s t !y %\ld n %>e4 ,!y w ask y :e!r ! /ory ( ! creation ( ! univ]se is true2 :e!r su* & su* miracles really happ5$2 :e!r ?is p]son or t actually liv$1 & actually did all t he is said to h done4 ,pla9ly ! "r c\rse is to tell !m1 )\t any agitation or excess or vehem5ce or too mu* elaboration1 ! simple tru? 9 su* matt]s exactly z x appe>s to "o's own m9d4 ,!re is no reason :y !y %\ld n "k ! be/ p>ts ( ! ,bible z well z !y "k ! ,iliad or ,h]odotus4 ,!re are _m reasons :y !y %\ld "k !m bett]4 ,b "o mo/ important condition ( ?is is con/antly ov]look$ by p1 :o l to satisfy _! intellectual vanity by scepticism1 & at ! same "t to make _! com=t safe by ext]nal con=mity4 ,if ! ,bible is to be taught only because x is a noble & mo/ maje/ic monum5t ( lit]ature1 x %\ld be taught z t & no m4 ,t a man :o reg>ds x solely u supreme lit]ature1 %\ld impress x ^u ! "y z ! sup]naturally inspir$ ^w ( ,god & ! accurate record ( objective occurr5ces1 is a piece ( ! pla9e/ & mo/ %ock+ di%one/y4 ,let a y\? be tra9$ 9 simple & /raight=w>d recognition ( ! tru? t we c "k1 & c conjecture1 no?+ ) any assurance z to ! ultimate my/]ies ( ?+s4 ,let 8 imag9ation & 8 s5se ( awe be f$ f ^? spr+s1 :i* are none ! less b\nte\s because !y fl[ 9 natural r ?an sup]natural *annels4 ,let him be taught ! hi/oric place & s\rce ( ! religions :i* he is n b\nd to accept1 unless ! evid5ce = _! au?ority by & by br+s him to ano!r m9d4 ,a boy or girl tra9$ 9 ?is way has an inf9itely bett] *ance ( gr[+ up ) ! true _s & lean+s ( religion implant$ 9 ! "*1 ?an if !y _h be5 educat$ 9 =mulae :i* !y c\ld n und]/&1 by p :o d n believe !m4 ,! mo/ common illu/ration ( a p]sonal mi/ake be+ made ! base ( a g5]al doctr9e1 is f\nd 9 ! case ( ^? :o1 aft] committ+ !mselves = life to ! pr(ession ( a giv5 cre$1 awake to ! %ock+ discov]y t ! cre$ has ceas$ to be true = !m4 ,! action ( a popul> mod]n /ory1 ,mrs4 ,gaskell's ,nor? & ,s\?1 turns ^u ! case ( a cl]gyman :oso fai? is ov]?r[n1 & :o 9 consequ5ce ab&ons 8 call+1 to 8 own s]i\s mat]ial detrim5t & "u circum/ances ( sev]e suff]+ to 8 family4 ,i am afraid t curr5t op9ion1 especially among ! cultivat$ class1 w\ld condemn su* a sacrifice z a piece ( misplac$ scrupulosity4 ,no man1 x w\ld be said1 is call$ ^u to proclaim 8 op9ions1 :5 to d s w co/ him ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,?is w dep5d ^u ! value :i* he sets ^u ! op9ions t be has to proclaim4 ,if su* a proposition is true1 ! _w mu/ efface its habit ( admiration = ! m>tyrs & h]oes ( ! pa/1 :o embrac$ viol5t dea? r ?an defile !mselves by a ly+ confession4 ,or is pres5t h]oism ridicul\s1 & only pa/ h]oism admirable8 ,h[ev]1 nobody has a "r to dem& ! h]oic f all ! _w2 & if to publi% 8 diss5t f ! op9ions :i* he nom9ally holds w\ld r$uce a man to begg>y1 human *>ity bids u say z little z may be4 ,we may leave su* m5 to _! un=tunate de/9y1 hop+ t !y w make :at good use ( x may be possible4 ,non ragioniam di lor4 ,^! cases only %[ ! ess5tial & pr(\nd immorality ( ! prie/ly pr(ession--9 all its =ms1 & no matt] 9 connection ) :at *ur* or :at dogma--:i* makes a man's liv+ dep5d on 8 ab/a9+ f us+ 8 m9d1 or conceal+ ! conclusions to :i* use ( 8 m9d has br\ght him4 ,! "t w come :5 society w look back on ! doctr9e1 t !y :o s]ve ! alt> %\ld live by ! alt>1 z a doctr9e ( b>b>ism & degradation4 ,b if "o1 by refus+ to (f] a p9* ( inc5se to ! eld] gods1 %\ld ?us /rip himself ( a m>k$ opportunity ( ex]t+ an und\bt$ly useful influ5ce ov] public op9ion1 or ov] a c]ta9 section ( society1 is he n ju/ifi$ 9 compromis+ to ! ext5t necess>y to pres]ve ?is influ5ce8 ,in/ead ( answ]+ ?is directly1 we w\ld make ! foll[+ rem>ks4 ,fir/1 x c seldom be cle> 9 times l our own t religi\s het]odoxy mu/ involve ! loss ( influ5ce 9 o!r ?an religi\s sph]es4 ,! appreh5sion t x w d s is due r to timor\sness & a desire to f9d a fair reason = ! com=ts ( sil5ce & res]ve4 ,if a tea*] has any?+ to tell ! _w 9 sci5ce1 philosophy1 hi/ory1 ! _w w n be det]r$ f li/5+ to him by kn[+ t he does n walk 9 ! pa?s ( conv5tional !ology4 ,second1 :at influ5ce c a man ex]t1 t %\ld seem to him m useful ?an t ( a prote/] aga9/ :at he c\nts false op9ions1 9 ! mo/ decisive & important ( all regions ( ?\ght8 ,surely if any "o is p]suad$1 :e!r rightly or wrongly1 t 8 fell[s are exp5d+ ! be/ "p ( _! imag9ations & feel+s on a dream & a delusion1 & t by s do+ moreov] !y are ret>d+ to an indef9ite degree ! wid] spread ( light & happ9ess1 !n no?+ t he c tell !m ab\t *emi/ry or psy*ology or hi/ory c 9 8 eyes be comp>able 9 importance to ! duty ( tell+ !m ?is4 ,!re is no advantage nor hone/ delight 9 influ5ce1 if x is only to be ex]t$ 9 ! sph]e ( second>y objects1 & at ! co/ ( ! objects :i* ought to be =emo/ 9 ! eyes ( s]i\s p4 ,9 tru? ! m5 :o h done mo/ = ! _w h tak5 v little he$ ( influ5ce4 ,!y h s\ght light1 & left _! influ5ce to f>e z x might li/4 ,c we n imag9e ! m+l$ my/ification & disda9 ) :i* a ,sp9osa or a ,desc>tes1 a ,lu!r or a ,pascal1 w\ld h li/5$ to an exhortation 9 our p]suasive mod]n mann] on ! niceties ( ! politic & ! social obligation ( pi\s fraud8 ,x is n giv5 to _m to p]=m ! a*ievem5ts ( su* giants z ^!1 b e "o may help to keep ! /&>d ( intellectual hone/y at a l(ty pit*1 & :at bett] s]vice c a man r5d] ?an to furni% ! _w ) an example ( fai?ful deal+ ) 8 own consci5ce & ) 8 fell[s8 ,?is at lea/ is ! "o tal5t t is plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! obscure/ ( u all4#bf ,& :at is ?is smile ( ! _w1 to w9 :i* we are bidd5 to sacrifice our moral manhood2 ?is fr[n ( ! _w1 ^: t]rors are m awful ?an ! )]+ up ( tru? & ! sl[ go+ out ( light )9 ! s\ls ( u8 ,consid] ! triviality ( life & conv]sation & purpose1 9 ! bulk ( ^? ^: approval is held out = our prize & ! m>k ( our high call+4 ,measure1 if y c1 ! empire ov] !m ( prejudice unadult]at$ by a s+le elem5t ( rationality1 & weigh1 if y c1 ! huge burd5 ( cu/om1 unreliev$ by a s+le leav5+ p>ticle ( fre% ?\ght4 ,pond] ! %>e :i* selfi%ness & love ( ease h 9 ! vitality & ! ma9t5ance ( ! op9ions t we are =bidd5 to dispute4 ,!n h[ pitiful a ?+ seems ! approval or disapproval ( ^! creatures ( ! conv5tions ( ! h\r1 z "o figures ! m]ciless va/ness ( ! univ]se ( matt] sweep+ u headlong ?r\gh viewless space2 z "o he>s ! wail ( mis]y t is = ev] asc5d+ to ! deaf gods2 z "o c\nts ! little tale ( ! ye>s t sep>ate u f et]nal sil5ce4 ,9 ! light ( ^! ?+s1 a man %\ld surely d>e to live 8 small span ( life ) little he$ ( ! common spee* ^u him or 8 life1 only c>+ t 8 days may be full ( reality1 & 8 conv]sation ( tru?-speak+ & :ol5ess4 ,^? :o ?9k con=mity 9 ! matt]s ( :i* we h be5 speak+ h>mless & unimportant1 mu/ d s ei!r f indiff]5ce or else f despair4 ,x is difficult to conv9ce any "o :o is possess$ by ei!r "o or o!r ( ^! two evil spirits4 ,m5 :o h once accept$ !m1 d n easily rel9qui% philosophies t relieve _! pr(essors f disagreeable obligations ( c\rage & endeav\r4 ,to ! indiff]5t p]son "o c say no?+4 ,we c only acquiesce 9 t deep & t]rible scripture1 ',he t is fil?y1 let him be fil?y /ill4' ,to ^? :o despair ( human improvem5t or ! spread ( light 9 ! face ( ! huge mass ( brute prejudice1 we c only urge t ! enorm\s weight & ! firm hold ( baseless prejudice & false commonplace are ! v reasons :i* make x s important t ^? :o are n ( ! night nor ( ! d>kness %\ld ! m /r5u\sly insi/ on liv+ _! own lives 9 ! daylight4 ,to ^?1 f9ally1 :o d n despair1 b ?9k t ! new fai? w come s sl[ly t x is n wor? :ile = ! poor mortal ( a day to make himself a m>tyr1 we may sugge/ t ! new fai? :5 x comes w be ( little wor?1 unless x has be5 %ap$ by g5]ations ( hone/ & fe>less m51 & unless x f9ds 9 ^? :o are to receive x an hone/ & fe>less temp]4 ,our plea is n = a life ( p]v]se disput+s or busy proselytis+1 b only t we %\ld le>n to look at "o ano!r ) a cle> & /eadfa/ eye1 & m>* =w>d along ! pa?s we *oose ) firm /ep & erect front4 ,! fir/ advance t[>ds ei!r ! r5ovation ( "o fai? or ! gr[? ( ano!r1 mu/ be ! ab&onm5t ( ^? habits ( hypocritical con=mity & compliance :i* h fill$ ! air ( ! ,engl& ( to-day ) gross & obscur+ mi/s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ah3 ,x may be said t ,hume meant no m ?an ?is3 t ( two equally oppress$ nations1 ! "o :i* _h be5 taught to ass5t to ! doctr9e ( resi/ance w\ld be m likely to practise '! sacr$ duty ( insurrection' ?an ! o!r1 f :om ! doctr9e _h be5 conceal$4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 t ! fir/ w\ld rise aga9/ oppression1 :5 ! oppression _h rea*$ a pit* :i* to ! second w\ld /ill seem be>able4 ,! answ] to ,hume's proposition1 int]pret$ 9 ?is way1 w\ld be t if ! doctr9e ( resi/ance be pres5t$ to ! populace 9 its true %ape1--if x be 'tru?1' z he admits1--!n ! application ( x 9 practice %\ld be z little likely to prove mis*iev\s z t ( any o!r tru?4 ,if ! gi/ ( ! rem>k be t ?is is a tru? :i* ! populace is especially likely to apply wrongly1 9 consequ5ce ( its ignorance1 passion1 & he$lessness1 we may answ] by appeal+ to hi/ory1 :i* is r a record ( excessive pati5ce 9 ! v>i\s nations ( ! e>? ?an ( excessive petulance4 ,footnote #ai3 ,!re is ano!r gr\nd = ! di/9ction betwe5 ! conditions ( hold+ & ^? ( express+ op9ion4 ,?is dep5ds ^u ! psy*ological proposition t belief is indep5d5t ( ! w4 ,?\gh ?is or any o!r /ate ( ! und]/&+ may be involunt>y1 ! manife/ation ( su* a /ate is n s1 b is a volunt>y act1 &1 'be+ neutral 9 itself1 may be comm5dable or repreh5sible accord+ to ! circum/ances 9 :i* x takes place4' 7,bailey's ,essay on ,=mation ( ,op9ion1 #g74 ,footnote #bj3 ,! foll[+ words1 illu/rat+ ! cont9uity betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian & ,jewi% *ur*es1 are n )\t in/ruction to ^? :o m$itate on ! possible cont9uity betwe5 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* & t :i* is "o day to gr[ into ! place ( x3--',n only d =ms & ord9ances rema9 "u ! ,gospel equally z be=e2 b1 :at 0 9 use be=e is n s mu* sup]s$$ by ! ,gospel ord9ances z *ang$ into !m4 ,:at took place "u ! ,law is a patt]n1 :at 0 comm&$ is a rule1 "u ! ,gospel4 ,! sub/ance rema9s1 ! use1 ! mean+1 ! circum/ances1 ! b5efit is *ang$2 grace is add$1 life is infus$3 ! body is ( ,*ri/2 b x is 9 great measure t same body :i* 0 9 be+ be=e ,he came4 ,! ,gospel has n put aside1 x has incorporat$ into itself ! revelation :i* w5t be=e x4 ,x avails itself ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z a great gift to ,*ri/ian z well z to ,jew4 ,x does n disp5se ) x1 b x disp5ses x4 ,p]sons sometimes urge t !re is no code ( duty 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 no c]emonial1 no rules = ,*ur* polity4 ,c]ta9ly n2 !y are unnecess>y2 !y are already giv5 9 ! ,old4 ,:y %\ld ! ,old ,te/am5t rema9 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* b to be us$8 ,!re we are to look = our =ms1 our rites1 our polity2 only illu/rat$1 temp]$1 spiritualis$ by ! ,gospel4 ,! preempts rema91 ! obs]vance ( !m is *ang$1'--,dr4 ,j4,h4 ,newman2 ,s]mon on ,subjects ( ! ,day1 p4 #bje4 ,footnote #ba3 ,!re is a set ( mo/ acute & se>*+ criticisms on ?is matt] 9 ,mr4 ,leslie ,/eph5's ,essays on ,free-,?9k+ & ,pla9-,speak+ 7,longmans1 #ahgc74 ,! la/ essay 9 ! volume1 ,an ,apology = ,pla9-,speak+1 is a decisive & rem>kable exposition ( ! trea*]\s play+ ) words1 :i* und]lies ev5 ! mo/ vigor\s ef=ts to make ! phrases & =mula ( ! old cre$ hold ! reality ( new fai?4 ,footnote #bb3 ,^u ?is s5t5ce ! foll[+ criticism has be5 made3--',surely bo? ( ^! s-call$ contradictions are delib]ately affirm$ by ! va/ majority ( all ?9k]s ^u ! subject4 ,:at or?odox ass]t] ( ! omnipres5ce ( a ,creator ) intelligible attributes ev] ma9ta9$ t ^! attributes c\ld be grasp$ by m58'--,! or?odox ass]t]1 no d\bt1 says t he does n ma9ta9 t ! div9e attributes c be grasp$ by m52 b 8 habitual treatm5t ( !m z intelligible1 & z ! subjects ( propositions made 9 languages t is design$ to be intelligible1 %[s t 8 fir/ res]vation is m]ely nom9al1 z x is c]ta9ly inconsi/5t ) 8 g5]al position4 ,religi\s p :o w>n y mo/ solemnly t man :o is a worm & ! son ( a worm _c possibly compass 9 8 puny und]/&+ ! attributes ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 w yet--z an em95t div9e n 9 holy ord]s has truly said--tell y all ab\t him1 z if he 7 ! man :o lives 9 ! next /reet4 ,footnote #bc3 ,t able man1 ! late ,j4,e4 ,cairnes1 sugge/$ ! foll[+ objection to ?is p>agraph4 ,:5 two p]sons m>ry1 !re is a reasonable expectation1 almo/ am\nt+ to an und]/&+1 t !y w bo? ( !m adh]e to _! religion1 j z bo? ( !m tacitly agree to foll[ ! ways ( ! _w 9 ! ho/ ( m9or social matt]s4 ,if1 !re=e1 ei!r ( !m turns to "s o!r cre$1 ! p]son s turn+ has1 s to speak1 brok5 ! contract4 ,! utmo/ he or %e c cont5d = is =be>ance4 ,if a woman embraces ca?olicism1 %e may seek tol]ance1 b %e has no "r to exact con=mity4 ,if ! man becomes an unbeliev]1 he 9 l mann] breaks ! b>ga91 & may be ju/ly ask$ n to flaunt 8 misdemean\r4 ,my answ] to ?is w\ld turn ^u ! absolute inexp$i5cy ( su* sil5t b>ga9s be+ assum$ by public op9ion4 ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( op9ion1 :]e ! :ole air is alive ) ! _s ( *ange1 nobody :o takes 8 life or h] life s]i\sly1 c\ld all[ an assumption :i* means r$uction ( "o ( ! mo/ important p>ts ( "*1 ! love ( tru?1 to a nullity4 ,footnote #bd3 ,! read] rememb]s h[ ,wolm>1 ! a!i/ic husb& ( ,julie 9 ,r\sseau's ,new ,helosa1 is di/ress$ by ! *agr9 :i* 8 unbelief inflicts on ! piety ( 8 wife4 ',he told me t he _h be5 frequ5tly tempt$ to make a fe9t ( yield+ to h] argum5ts1 & to pret5d1 = ! sake ( calm+ h] s5tim5ts t he did n really hold4 ,b su* bas5ess ( s\l is too f> f him4 ,)\t = a mom5t impos+ on ,julie1 su* dissimulation w\ld only h be5 a new torm5t to h]4 ,! good fai?1 ! frankness1 ! union ( he>t1 t console = s _m tr\bles1 w\ld h be5 eclips$ betwe5 !m4 ,0 x by less5+ 8 wife's e/eem = him t he c\ld reassure h]8 ,in/ead ( us+ any disguise1 he tells h] s9c]ely :at he ?9ks1 b he says x 9 s simple a tone1 etc4--,v4 v4 #abf4 ,footnote #be3 ,! common reason alleg$ by free?9k]s = hav+ _! *ildr5 br\ght up 9 ! or?odox ways is t1 if !y 7 n s br\ght up1 !y w\ld be look$ on z contam9at+ ag5ts :om o!r p>5ts w\ld take c>e to keep away f ! companion%ip ( _! *ildr54 ,?is excuse may h _h "s =ce at ano!r "t4 ,at ! pres5t day1 :5 belief is s weak1 we d\bt :e!r ! "y w\ld be exclud$ f ! companion%ip ( _! equals 9 age1 m]ely because !y _h n be5 tra9$ 9 "s ( ! conv5tional %ibbole?s4 ,ev5 if x 7 s1 !re are c]ta9ly "s ways ( comp5sat+ = ! disadvantages ( exclusion f or?odox circles4 ,i h he>d ( a m int]e/+ reason2 namely1 t ! hi/oric position ( ! "y1 relatively to ! "t 9 :i* !y are plac$1 is 9 "s sort falsifi$1 unless !y h gone ?r\gh a tra9+ 9 ! curr5t beliefs ( _! age3 unless !y h und]gone t1 !y miss1 z x 71 "s ( ! normal antec$5ts4 ,i d n ?9k ?is plea w hold good4 ,h[ev] desirable x may be t ! "y %\ld "k all sorts ( errone\s beliefs & op9ions z products ( ! pa/1 x c h>dly be 9 any degree desirable t !y %\ld take !m = tru?s4 ,if !re 7 no o!r objection1 !re w\ld be ?is1 t ! di/urbance & wa/e ( =ce involv$ 9 %ak+ (f 9 _! rip] ye>s ! errone\s op9ions :i* _h be5 in/ill$ into !m 9 *ildhood1 w\ld m ?an c\nt]-balance any advantages1 :atev] _! precise nature may be1 to be d]iv$ f hav+ %>$ 9 _! own prop] p]sons ! ungr\nd$ notions ( o!rs4 ,footnote #bf3 ,miss ,m>t9eau has an excell5t prote/ aga9/ '! d]eliction ( pr9ciple %[n 9 suppos+ t any ,cause c be ( s mu* importance z fidelity to tru?1 or c be important at all o!rwise ?an 9 its relation to tru? :i* wants v9dicat+4 ,x rem9ds me ( an incid5t :i* happ5$ :5 ,i 0 9 ,am]ica1 at ! "t ( ! sev]e/ trials ( ! ,abolitioni/s4 ,a pa/or f ! s\!rn ,/ates lam5t$ to a bro!r cl]gyman 9 ! ,nor? ! introduction ( ! ,anti-slav]y "q1 because ! views ( _! sect 7 gett+ on s well be=e6 ,gett+ on6 cri$ ! nor!rn m9i/]4 ,:at is ! use ( gett+ y\r vessel on :5 y h ?r[n bo? capta9 & c>go ov]bo>d8 ,?us1 :at signifies ! pursuit ( any "o re=m1 l ^? specifi$1--,anti-slav]y & ! ,woman "q1--:5 ! fre$om :i* is ! v s\l ( ! controv]sy1 ! v pr9ciple ( ! movem5t1--is m\rn$ ov] 9 any o!r ( its _m manife/ations8 ,! only effectual advocates ( su* re=ms z ^? are p :o foll[ tru? :]ev] x leads4'--,autobiography1 ii4 #ddb4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,realisation ,,( ,,op9ion4 ,a p]son :o takes ! tr\ble to =m 8 own op9ions & beliefs w feel t he owes no responsibility to ! majority = 8 conclusions4 ,if he is a g5u9e lov] ( tru?1 if he is inspir$ by ! div9e passion = see+ ?+s z !y are1 & a div9e abhorr5ce ( hold+ ideas :i* d n con=m to ! facts1 he w be :olly indep5d5t ( ! approval or ass5t ( ! p]sons ar\nd him4 ,:5 he proce$s to apply 8 beliefs 9 ! practical conduct ( life1 ! position is diff]5t4 ,!re are n[ good reasons :y 8 attitude %\ld be 9 "s ways less inflexible4 ,! society 9 :i* he is plac$ is a v anci5t & composite gr[?4 ,! p f :om he diss5ts h n come by _! op9ions1 cu/oms1 & in/itutions by a process ( m]e haphaz>d4 ,^! op9ions & cu/oms all _h _! orig9 9 a c]ta9 real or suppos$ fitness4 ,!y h a c]ta9 dep? ( root 9 ! lives ( a proportion ( ! exi/+ g5]ation4 ,_! fitness = satisfy+ human ne$s may h vani%$1 & _! congruity ) "o ano!r may h come to an end4 ,t is only "o side ( ! tru?4 ,! mo/ zeal\s propag&ism _c p5etrate to !m4 ,! quality ( be>+ to be transplant$ f "o k9d ( soil & climate to ano!r is n v common1 & x is f> f be+ inexhau/ible ev5 :]e x exi/s4 ,9 common language we speak ( a g5]ation z some?+ possess$ ( a k9d ( exact unity1 ) all its p>ts & memb]s "o & homog5e\s4 ,yet v pla9ly x is n ?is4 ,x is a :ole1 b a :ole 9 a /ate ( con/ant flux4 ,its factors & elem5ts are et]nally %ift+4 ,x is n "o1 b _m g5]ations4 ,ea* ( ! sev5 ages ( man is neighb\r to all ! re/4 ,! column ( ! vet]ans is already /agg]+ ov] into ! la/ abyss1 :ile ! column ( ! newe/ recruits is =m+ ) all its nameless & unc\nt$ hopes4 ,to ea* its tradition1 its t5d5cy1 its possibilities4 ,only a proportion ( ea* 9 "o society c h n]ve en\gh to grasp ! bann] ( a new tru?1 & endurance en\gh to be> x along rugg$ & untrodd5 ways4 ,& !n1 z we h said1 "o mu/ rememb] ! /uff ( :i* life is made4 ,"o mu/ consid] :at an ov]:elm+ prepond]ance ( ! mo/ t5aci\s en]gies & mo/ conc5trat$ int]e/s ( a society mu/ be absorb$ betwe5 mat]ial c>es & ! solicitude ( ! affections4 ,x is obvi\sly unreasonable to lose pati5ce & qu>rel ) "o's "t1 because x is t>dy 9 ?r[+ (f its in/itutions & beliefs1 & sl[ to a*ieve ! trans=mation :i* is ! problem 9 front ( x4 ,m5 & wom5 h to live4 ,! task = mo/ ( !m is ardu\s en\gh to make !m well pleas$ ) ev5 su* imp]fect %elt] z !y f9d 9 ! use & wont ( daily exi/5ce4 ,to insi/ on a :ole community be+ made at once to submit to ! reign ( new practices & new ideas1 :i* h j begun to comm5d !mselves to ! mo/ advanc$ speculative intellig5ce ( ! "t1--?is1 ev5 if x 7 a possible process1 w\ld d mu* to make life impracticable & to hurry on social dissolution4 ',x _c be too emphatically ass]t$1' z has be5 said by "o ( ! mo/ influ5tial ( mod]n ?9k]s1 't ?is policy ( compromise1 alike 9 in/itutions1 9 actions1 & 9 beliefs1 :i* especially *>act]ises ,engli% life1 is a policy ess5tial to a society go+ ?r\gh ! transitions caus$ by cont9u$ gr[? & developm5t4 ,ideas & in/itutions prop] to a pa/ social /ate1 b incongru\s ) ! new social /ate t has gr[n out ( x1 surviv+ into ?is new social /ate !y h made possible1 & disappe>+ only z ?is new social /ate e/abli%es its own ideas & in/itutions1 are necess>ily1 dur+ _! survival1 9 conflict ) ^! new ideas & in/itutions--necess>ily furni% elem5ts ( contradiction 9 m5's ?\ghts & de$s4 ,& yet1 z = ! c>ry+ on ( social life1 ! old mu/ cont9ue s long z ! new is n ready1 ?is p]petual compromise is an indisp5sable accompanim5t ( a normal developm5t4'#bg ,yet we mu/ n press ?is argum5t1 & ! /ate ( feel+ t belongs to x1 fur!r ?an !y may be fairly made to g4 ,! dang] 9 mo/ natures lies on ?is side1 = on ?is side our love ( ease works1 & our prejudices4 ,! writ] 9 ! passage we h j quot$ is describ+ compromise z a natural /ate ( ?+s1 ! resultant ( div]g5t =ces4 ,he is n pr(ess+ to def9e its conditions or limits z a practical duty4 ,nor is !re any?+ 9 8 words1 or 9 ! doctr9e ( social evolution ( :i* he is ! mo/ elaborate & sy/ematic exp\nd]1 to fav\r t delib]ate sacrifice ( tru?1 ei!r 9 se>* or 9 expression1 aga9/ :i* our two previ\s *apt]s 7 meant to prote/4#bh ,:5 ,mr4 ,sp5c] talks ( a new social /ate e/abli%+ its own ideas1 ( c\rse he means1 & c only mean1 t m5 & wom5 e/abli% _! own ideas1 & to d t1 x is obvi\s t !y mu/ at "o "t or ano!r h conceiv$ !m )\t any special fri5dl9ess ( ref]5ce to ! old ideas1 :i* !y 7 9 ! fulness ( "t to sup]s$e4 ,/ill less1 ( c\rse1 c a new social /ate ev] e/abli% its ideas1 unless ! p]sons :o hold !m confess !m op5ly1 & give to !m an hone/ & effective adh]5ce4 ,e discussion ( ! m fundam5tal pr9ciples ( conduct mu/ conta91 expressly or by implication1 "s g5]al !ory ( ! nature & con/itution ( ! social union4 ,let u /ate 9 a few words t :i* seems to comm& ! greate/ am\nt bo? ( direct & analogical evid5ce 9 our "t4 ,x is p]haps all ! m important to discuss our subject ) imm$iate & express ref]5ce to ?is !ory1 because x has become 9 "s m9ds a plea = a k9d ( philosophic indiff]5ce t[>ds any policy ( ,?or\gh1 z well z an excuse = sy/ematic ab/5tion f vigor\s & d[nright c\rses ( action4 ,a progressive society is n[ con/antly & ju/ly comp>$ to a gr[+ organism4 ,its vitality 9 ?is aspect consi/s ( a s]ies ( *anges 9 ideas & in/itutions4 ,^! *anges arise spontane\sly f ! op]ation ( ! :ole body ( social conditions1 ext]nal & int]nal4 ,! und]/&+ & ! affections & desires are always act+ on ! dome/ic1 political1 & economic ord]+4 ,!y influ5ce ! religi\s s5tim5t4 ,!y t\* relations ) societies outside4 ,9 turn !y are con/antly be+ act$ on by all ^! elem5ts4 ,9 a society progress+ 9 a normal & un9t]rupt$ c\rse1 ?is play & int]action is ! sign & ess5ce ( life4 ,x is1 z we are s (t5 told1 a long process ( new adaptations & re-adaptations2 ( ! modification ( tradition & usage by tru] ideas & improv$ in/itutions4 ,!re may be1 & !re are1 epo*s ( re/1 :5 ?is modification 9 its active & demon/rative %ape slack5s or ceases to be visible4 ,b ev5 !n ! modify+ =ces are only lat5t4 ,fur!r progress dep5ds on ! revival ( _! en]gy1 be=e !re has be5 "t = ! social /ructure to become ossifi$ & inela/ic4 ,! hi/ory ( civilisation is ! hi/ory ( ! displacem5t ( old conceptions by new ones m con=mable to ! facts4 ,x is ! record ( ! removal ( old in/itutions & ways ( liv+1 9 fav\r ( o!rs ( great] conv5i5ce & ampl] capacity1 at once multiply+ & satisfy+ human requirem5ts4 ,n[ compromise1 9 view ( ! =ego+ !ory ( social advance1 may be ( two k9ds1 & ( ^! two k9ds "o is legitimate & ! o!r n4 ,x may /& = two di/9ct attitudes ( m9d1 "o ( !m ob/ructive & ! o!r n4 ,x may mean ! delib]ate suppression or mutilation ( an idea1 9 ord] to make x congru\s ) ! traditional idea or ! curr5t prejudice on ! giv5 subject1 :atev] t may be4 ,or else x may mean a rational acquiesc5ce 9 ! fact t ! bulk ( y\r contempor>ies are n yet prep>$ ei!r to embrace ! new idea1 or to *ange _! ways ( liv+ 9 con=mity to x4 ,9 ! "o case1 ! compromis] rejects ! highe/ tru?1 or dissembles 8 own acceptance ( x4 ,9 ! o!r1 he holds x c\rage\sly = 8 ensign & device1 b nei!r =ces nor expects ! :ole _w /raightway to foll[4 ,! fir/ prolongs ! duration ( ! empire ( prejudice1 & ret>ds ! arrival ( improvem5t4 ,! second does 8 be/ to abbreviate ! "o1 & to ha/5 & make def9ite ! o!r1 yet he does n insi/ on hurry+ *anges :i*1 to be effective1 w\ld require ! active support ( numb]s ( p]sons n yet ripe = !m4 ,x is legitimate compromise to say3--',i d n expect y to execute ?is improvem5t1 or to surr5d] t prejudice1 9 my "t4 ,b at any rate x %all n be my fault if ! improvem5t rema9s unkn[n or reject$4 ,!re %all be "o man at lea/ :o has surr5d]$ ! prejudice1 & :o does n hide t fact4' ,x is illegitimate compromise to say3--',i _c p]suade y to accept my tru?2 !re=e ,i w pret5d to accept y\r falsehood4' ,t ?is di/9ction is z s\nd on ! evolutional !ory ( society z on any o!r is q evid5t4 ,x w\ld be odd if ! !ory :i* makes progress dep5d on modification =bade u to attempt to modify4 ,:5 x is said t ! v>i\s successive *anges 9 ?\ght & in/itution pres5t & consummate !mselves spontane\sly1 no "o means by spontaneity t !y come to pass indep5d5tly ( human ef=t & volition4 ,on ! contr>y1 ?is en]gy ( ! memb]s ( ! society is "o ( ! spontane\s elem5ts4 ,x is q z indisp5sable z any o!r ( !m1 if inde$ x be n m s4 ,progress dep5ds ^u t5d5cies & =ces 9 a community4 ,b ( ^! t5d5cies & =ces1 ! organs & repres5tatives mu/ pla9ly be f\nd among ! m5 & wom5 ( ! community1 & _c possibly be f\nd any:]e else4 ,progress is n automatic1 9 ! s5se t if we 7 all to be ca/ into a deep slumb] = ! space ( a g5]ation1 we %\ld awake to f9d ourselves 9 a greatly improv$ social /ate4 ,! _w only gr[s bett]1 ev5 9 ! mod]ate degree 9 :i* x does gr[ bett]1 because p wi% t x %\ld1 & take ! "r /eps to make x bett]4 ,evolution is n a =ce1 b a process2 n a cause1 b a law4 ,x expla9s ! s\rce1 & m>ks ! immovable limitations1 ( social en]gy4 ,b social en]gy itself c nev] be sup]s$$ ei!r by evolution or by any?+ else4 ,! reproa* ( be+ impracticable & artificial atta*es by rights n to ^? :o insi/ on resolute1 p]si/5t1 & uncompromis+ ef=ts to remove abuses1 b to a v diff]5t class--to ^?1 namely1 :o are cr$ul\s en\gh to suppose t abuses & bad cu/oms & wa/eful ways ( do+ ?+s w remove !mselves4 ,?is cr$ulity1 :i* is a cloak = indol5ce or ignorance or /upidity1 ov]looks ! fact t !re are bodies ( m51 m or less num]\s1 atta*$ by e selfi% int]e/ !y h to ! ma9t5ance ( ^! abusive cu/oms4 ',a plan1' says ,b5?am1 'may be said to be too good to be practicable1 :]e1 )\t adequate inducem5t 9 ! %ape ( p]sonal int]e/1 x requires = its accompli%m5t t "s individual or class ( individuals %all h made a sacrifice ( 8 or _! p]sonal int]e/ to ! int]e/ ( ! :ole4 ,:5 x is on ! "p ( a body ( m5 or a multitude ( individuals tak5 at r&om t any su* sacrifice is reckon$ ^u1 !n x is t 9 speak+ ( ! plan ! t]m ,utopian may )\t impropriety be appli$4' ,& ?is is ! v k9d ( sacrifice :i* mu/ be anticipat$ by ^? :o s misund]/& ! doctr9e ( evolution z to believe t ! _w is improv$ by "s my/ic & self-act+ social discipl9e1 :i* disp5ses ) ! necessity ( p]t9aci\s attack ^u in/itutions t h outliv$ _! "t1 & int]e/s t h lo/ _! ju/ification4 ,we are ?us br\ght to ! position--to :i*1 inde$1 b>e obs]vation ( actual occurr5ces might well br+ u1 if x 7 n = ! cl\d+ di/urbances ( selfi%ness1 or ( a true philosophy ( society wrongly appli$--t a society c only pursue its normal c\rse by means ( a c]ta9 progression ( *anges1 & t ^! *anges c only be initiat$ by individuals or v small gr\ps ( individuals4 ,! progressive t5d5cy c only be a t5d5cy1 x c only "w its way ?r\gh ! inevitable ob/ructions ar\nd x1 by means ( p]sons :o are possess$ by ! special progressive idea4 ,su* ideas d n spr+ up uncaus$ & uncondition$ 9 vacant space4 ,!y h _h a def9ite orig9 & ord]$ antec$5ts4 ,!y are 9 direct relation ) ! pa/4 ,!y pres5t !mselves to "o p]son or little gr\p ( p]sons r ?an to ano!r1 because circum/ances1 or ! accid5t ( a sup]ior faculty ( p5etration1 h plac$ ! p]son or gr\p 9 ! way ( su* ideas4 ,9 matt]s ( social improvem5t ! mo/ common reason :y "o hits ^u a po9t ( progress & n ano!r1 is t ! "o happ5s to be m directly t\*$ ?an ! o!r by ! unimprov$ practice4 ,or he is "o ( ^? r>e intellig5ces1 active1 al]t1 inv5tive1 :i* by con/itution or tra9+ f9d _! *ief happ9ess 9 ?9k+ 9 a discipl9$ & s]i\s mann] h[ ?+s c be bett] done4 ,9 all cases ! possession ( a new idea1 :e!r practical or speculative1 only raises into def9ite spee* :at o!rs h ne$$ )\t be+ able to make _! ne$ articulate4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple on :i* exp]i5ce %[s u t fame & popul>ity are di/ribut$4 ,a man does n become celebrat$ 9 proportion to 8 g5]al capacity1 b because he does or says some?+ :i* happ5$ to ne$ do+ or say+ at ! mom5t4 ,?is br+s u directly to our imm$iate subject4 ,= su* a man is ! hold] ( a tru/ ,x is ^u him & ^? :o are l him t ! advance ( a community dep5ds4 ,if he is sil5t1 !n repair is *eck$1 & ! hurtful elem5ts ( worn-out beliefs & wa/e in/itutions rema9 to enfeeble ! society1 j z ! ret5tion ( wa/e products enfeebles or poisons ! body4 ,if 9 a _s ( mode/y :i* is (t5 g5u9e1 ?\gh x is (t5 only a veil = love ( ease1 he asks :y he r ?an ano!r %\ld speak1 :y he be=e o!rs %\ld refuse compliance & ab/a9 f con=mity1 ! answ] is t ?\gh ! _m are ultimately mov$1 x is always "o :o is fir/ to leave ! old encampm5t4 ,if ! maxim ( ! compromis] 7 s\nd1 x ought to be capable ( univ]sal application4 ,nobody has a "r to make an apology = himself 9 ?is matt]1 :i* he w n all[ to be valid = o!rs4 ,if "o has a "r to conceal 8 true op9ions1 & to practice equivocal con=mities1 !n all h a "r4 ,"o plea = exemption is 9 ?is case z good z ano!r1 & no bett]4 ,t he has m>ri$ a wife1 t he has b\ght a yoke ( ox5 & mu/ prove !m1 t he has bidd5 gue/s to a fea/--"o excuse lies on ! same level z ! re/4 ,all are equally wor?less z answ]s to ! g5]\s solicitation ( enlight5$ consci5ce4 ,suppose1 !n1 t ea* man on :om 9 turn ! new ideas dawn$ wore to borr[ ! compromis]'s plea & imitate 8 example4 ,we "k :at w\ld happ54 ,! exploit 9 :i* no "o w cons5t to g fir/1 rema9s una*iev$4 ,y wait until !re are p]sons en\gh agree+ ) y to =m an effective p>ty8 ,b h[ are ! memb]s ( ! b& to "k "o ano!r1 if all are to keep _! diss5t f ! old1 & _! adh]5ce to ! new1 rigor\sly private8 ,& h[ _m memb]s con/itute ! innovat+ b& an effective =ce6 ,:5 "o-half ( ! att5dants at a *ur* are unbeliev]s1 w t w>rant u 9 ceas+ to att5d1 or %all we t>ry until ! dissembl]s numb] two-?irds8 ,conceive ! additions :i* y\r caution has made to ! moral integrity ( ! community 9 ! meantime4 ,measure ! enorm\s h9drances t w h be5 plac$ 9 ! way ( tru? & improvem5t1 :5 ! day at la/ arrives on :i* y & y\r two-?irds take he>t to say t falsehood & abuse h n[ rea*$ _! f9al t]m1 & mu/ at l5g? be swept away into ! out] d>kness4 ,consid] h[ mu* m t]rible ! %ock ( *ange w be :5 x does come1 & h[ mu* less able w m5 be to meet x1 & to em]ge successfully f x4 ,p]haps ! compromis] %r9ks1 n because he fe>s to m>* alone1 b because he ?9ks t ! "t has n yet come = ! progressive idea :i* he has made 8 own1 & = ^: triumph "o day he confid5tly hopes4 ,?is plea may mean two :olly diff]5t /ates ( ! case4 ,! "t has n yet come = :at8 ,= mak+ ^? positive *anges 9 life or in/itution1 :i* ! *ange 9 idea mu/ ultimately involve8 ,t is "o ?+4 ,or = propagat+1 elaborat+1 en=c+ ! new idea1 & /r5u\sly do+ all t "o c to br+ z _m p z possible to a /ate ( !ory1 :i* w at la/ p]mit ! requisite *ange 9 practice to be made ) safety & success8 ,?is is ano!r & entirely diff]5t ?+4 ,! "t may n h come = ! fir/ ( ^! two c\rses4 ,! season may n be advanc$ en\gh = u to pu% on to active conque/4 ,b ! "t has always come1 & ! season is nev] unripe1 = ! ann\ncem5t ( ! fruitful idea4 ,we mu/ g fur!r ?an t4 ,9 s f> z x c be done by "o man )\t h>m+ 8 neighb\rs1 ! "t has always come = ! realisation ( an idea4 ,:5 ! *ange 9 way ( liv+ or 9 in/itution is "o :i* requires ! ass5t & co-op]ation ( numb]s ( p1 x may cle>ly be a matt] = "q :e!r m5 en\gh are ready to yield ass5t & co-op]ation4 ,b ! expression ( ! necessity ( ! *ange & ! gr\nds ( x1 ?\gh x may n always be appropriate1 c nev] be premature1 & = ^! reasons4 ,! fact ( a new idea hav+ come to "o man is a sign t x is 9 ! air4 ,! innovator is z mu* ! son ( 8 g5]ation z ! cons]vative4 ,h]etics h z direct a relation to antec$5t conditions z ! or?odox4 ,tru?1 said ,bacon1 has be5 rightly nam$ ! daught] ( ,"t4 ,! new idea does n spr+ up uncaus$ & by miracle4 ,if x has come to me1 !re mu/ be o!rs to :om x has only j miss$ com+4 ,if ,i h f\nd my way to ! light1 !re mu/ be o!rs grop+ aft] x v close 9 my neighb\rhood4 ,my discov]y is _! goal4 ,!y are prep>$ to receive ! new tru?1 :i* !y 7 n prep>$ to f9d = !mselves4 ,! fact t ! mass are n yet ready to receive1 any m ?an to f9d1 is no reason :y ! possessor ( ! new tru? %\ld run to hide "u a bu%el ! c&le :i* has be5 light$ = him4 ,if ! "t has n come = !m1 at lea/ x has come = him4 ,no man c ev] "k :e!r 8 neighb\rs are ready = *ange or n4 ,he has all ! foll[+ c]ta9ties1 at lea/3--t he himself is ready = ! *ange2 t he believes x w\ld be a good & b5efic5t "o2 t unless "s "o beg9s ! "w ( prep>ation1 assur$ly !re w be no consummation2 & t if he decl9es to take a "p 9 ! matt]1 !re c be no reason :y e "o else 9 turn %\ld n decl9e 9 l mann]1 & s ! "w rema9 = ev] unp]=m$4 ,! compromis] :o bl9ds himself to all ^? po9ts1 & acts j z if ! tru? 7 n 9 him1 does = ideas ) :i* he agrees1 ! v ?+ :i* ! acute p]secutor does = ideas :i* he dislikes--he ext+ui%es beg9n+s & kills ! g]ms4 ,! consid]ation on :i* s _m p]sons rely1 t an exi/+ in/itution1 ?\gh de/9$ to be replac$ by a bett]1 p]=ms useful functions provisionally1 is really n to ! po9t4 ,x is an excell5t reason :y ! in/itution %\ld n be remov$ or fundam5tally modifi$1 until public op9ion is ripe = ! giv5 piece ( improvem5t4 ,b x is no reason at all :y ^? :o are anxi\s = ! improvem5t1 %\ld speak & act j z !y w\ld d if !y ?\ght ! *ange p]fectly ne$less & undesirable4 ,x is no reason :y ^? :o all[ ! provisional utility ( a belief or an in/itution or a cu/om ( liv+1 %\ld ?9k solely ( ! utility & =get ! equally important elem5t ( its provisionalness4 ,= ! fact ( its be+ provisional is ! v gr\nd :y e "o :o p]ceives ?is elem5t1 %\ld set himself to act accord+ly4 ,x is ! gr\nd :y he %\ld set himself1 9 o!r words1 to draw op9ion 9 e way op5 to him--by spee*1 by vot+1 by mann] ( life & conduct--9 ! direction ( new tru? & ! bett] practice4 ,let u n1 because we deem a ?+ to be useful = ! h\r1 act z if x 7 to be useful = ev]4 ,! p :o selfi%ly seek to enjoy z mu* com=t & ease z !y c 9 an exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 ) ! desp]ate maxim1 ',aft] u1 ! deluge1' are n any worse ?an ^? :o *]i% pres5t com=t & case & take ! _w z x comes1 9 ! fatu\s & self-delud+ hope1 ',aft] u1 ! mill5nium4' ,^? :o make no sacrifice to av]t ! deluge1 & ^? :o make none to ha/5 _! mill5nium1 are on ! same moral level4 ,& ! =m] h at lea/ ! quality ( be+ no worse ?an _! av[$ pr9ciple1 :ile ! latt] nullify _! pret5d$ hopes by con=mities :i* are only prop] ei!r to pr(\nd social cont5tm5t1 or to pr(\nd social despair4 ,nay1 !y seem to ?9k t !re is "s m]it 9 ?is m]ely speculative hopefulness4 ,!y act z if !y suppos$ t to be v sangu9e ab\t ! g5]al improvem5t ( mank9d1 is a virtue t relieves !m f tak+ tr\ble ab\t any improvem5t 9 p>ticul>4 ,if ^? :o def5d a giv5 in/itution are do+ _! "w well1 t furni%es ! bett] reason :y ^? :o disapprove ( x & disbelieve 9 its endur+ efficacy1 %\ld d _! "w well also4 ,take ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es1 = in/ance4 ,assume1 if y w1 t !y are s]v+ a v>iety ( useful functions4 ,if t 7 all1 x w\ld be a reason = con=m+4 ,b we are speak+ ( ^? = :om ! matt] does n end "h4 ,if y are conv9c$ t ! dogma is n true2 t a /eadily increas+ numb] ( p]sons are becom+ aw>e t x is n true2 t its efficacy z a basis ( spiritual life is be+ l[]$ 9 ! same degree z its cr$ibility2 t bo? dogma & *ur* mu/ be sl[ly replac$ by high] =ms ( fai?1 if n also by m effective organisations2 !n1 all :o hold su* views z ^! h z di/9ctly a function 9 ! community z ! m9i/]s & uphold]s ( ! *ur*es1 & ! zeal ( ! latt] is simply ! mo/ mon/r\sly unt5able apology t c\ld be inv5t$ = d]eliction ( duty by ! =m]4 ,if ! or?odox to "s ext5t satisfy c]ta9 ( ! necessities ( ! pres5t1 !re are o!r necessities ( ! future :i* c only be satisfi$ by ^? :o n[ pass = h]etical4 ,! plea :i* we are exam9+1 if x is good = ! purpose = :i* x is urg$1 w\ld h to be express$ 9 ?is way3--,! in/itution is work+ z p]fectly z x c be made to d1 or z any o!r 9 its place w\ld be likely to d1 & !re=e ,i w d no?+ by ^w or de$ t[>ds m$dl+ ) x4 ,^? :o ?9k ?is1 & act accord+ly1 are ! consi/5t cons]vatives ( ! community4 ,if a man takes up any position %ort ( ?is1 8 con=mity1 acquiesc5ce1 & in]tia at once become inconsi/5t & culpable4 ,= unless ! in/itution or belief is entirely adequate1 x mu/ be ! duty ( all :o h satisfi$ !mselves t x is n s1 to recognise its defici5ces1 & at lea/ to call att5tion to !m1 ev5 if !y lack opportunity or capacity to sugge/ rem$ies4 ,n[ we are deal+ ) p]sons :o1 f ! hypo!sis1 d n admit t ?is or t factor 9 an exi/+ social /ate secures all ! advantages :i* might be secur$ if in/ead ( t factor !re 7 "s o!r4 ,we are speak+ ( all ! v>i\s k9ds ( dissid5ts1 :o ?9k t ! curr5t !ology1 or an e/abli%$ *ur*1 or a mon>*y1 or an olig>*ic republic1 is a bad ?+ & a l[] =m1 ev5 at ! mom5t :ile !y attribute provisional m]it to x4 ,!y c mean no?+ by class+ ea* ( ^! z bad ?+s1 except t !y ei!r br+ ) !m c]ta9 s]i\s drawbacks1 or exclude c]ta9 valuable advantages4 ,! fact t !y p]=m _! functions well1 su* z !y are1 leaves ! fundam5tal vice or defect ( ^! functions j :]e x 04 ,if any "o really ?9ks t ! curr5t !ology involves deprav$ notions ( ! supreme imp]sonation ( good1 re/ricts & n>r[s ! intellig5ce1 misdirects ! religi\s imag9ation1 & has become p[]less to guide conduct1 !n h[ does ! circum/ance t x happ5s n to be :olly & unr$eem$ly bad 9 its influ5ce1 relieve our dissid5t f all c>e or anxiety z to ! po9ts 9 :i*1 z we h se51 he does c\nt x inadequate & mis*iev\s8 ,ev5 if he ?9ks x does m good ?an h>m--a position :i* mu/ be v difficult = "o :o believes ! common sup]natural conception ( x to be entirely false--ev5 !n1 h[ is he dis*>g$ f ! duty ( /igmatis+ ! h>m :i* he admits t x does8 ,aga91 take ! case ( ! ,engli% mon>*y4 ,grant1 if y w1 t ?is in/itution has a c]ta9 function1 & t by ! pres5t *ief magi/rate ?is function is e/imably p]=m$4 ,yet if we are ( ^? :o believe t 9 ! /age ( civilisation :i* ,engl& has rea*$ 9 o!r matt]s1 ! mon>*y mu/ be ei!r ob/ructive & injuri\s1 or else m]ely decorative2 & t a m]ely decorative mon>*y t5ds 9 div]s ways to eng5d] habits ( abasem5t1 to n\ri% l[] social ideals1 to less5 a high civil self-respect 9 ! community2 !n x mu/ surely be our duty n to lose any opportunity ( press+ ^! convictions4 ,to d ?is is n necess>ily to act z if "o 7 anxi\s = ! imm$iate removal ( ! ?rone & ! cr[n into ! museum ( political antiquities4 ,we may h no urg5t practical solicitude 9 ?is direction1 on ! intelligible pr9ciple t a free p always gets z good a k9d ( gov]nm5t z x des]ves4 ,our conviction is n1 on ! pres5t hypo!sis1 t mon>*y ought to be swept away 9 ,engl&1 b t mon>*y produces c]ta9 mis*iev\s consequ5ces to ! public _s ( ! community4 ,& s :at we are b\nd to d is to take c>e n to conceal ?is conviction2 to ab/a9 scrupul\sly f all k9ds ( action & obs]vance1 public or private1 :i* t5d ev] s remotely to fo/] ! ignoble & degrad+ elem5ts t exi/ 9 a c\rt & spread f x outw>ds2 & to use all ! influ5ce we h1 h[ev] slight x may be1 9 load+ public op9ion to a "r attitude ( contempt & dislike = ^! ignoble & degrad+ elem5ts1 & ! conduct eng5d]$ by !m4 ,a policy l ?is does n int]f]e ) ! advantages ( ! mon>*y1 su* z !y are ass]t$ to be1 & x has ! effect ( mak+ :at are suppos$ to be its disadvantages z little noxi\s z possible4 ,! "q :e!r we c get o!rs to agree ) u is n relevant4 ,if we 7 eag] = in/ant ov]?r[1 x w\ld be ! mo/ relevant ( all que/ions4 ,b we are 9 ! prelim9>y /age1 ! /age = act+ on op9ion4 ,! fact t o!rs d n yet %>e our op9ion1 is ! v reason = our action4 ,we c only br+ !m to agree ) u1 if x be possible on any t]ms1 by p]si/5cy 9 our pr9ciples4 ,?is p]si/5cy1 9 all b ei!r v timid or v vulg> natures1 always has be5 & always w be indep5d5t ( ext]nal ass5t or co-op]ation4 ,! hi/ory ( success1 z we c nev] too (t5 repeat to ourselves1 is ! hi/ory ( m9orities4 ,& :at is m1 x is = ! mo/ "p ! hi/ory ( insurrection exactly aga9/ :at ! worldly spirits ( ! "t1 :5ev] x may h be51 deem$ m]e trifles & accid5ts1 ) :i* s5sible m5 %\ld on no acc\nt dream ( tak+ ! tr\ble to qu>rel4 ',halifax1' says ,macaulay1 '0 9 speculation a /rong republican & did n conceal x4 ,he (t5 made h]$it>y mon>*y & ari/ocracy ! subjects ( 8 ke5 pleasantry1 :ile he 0 fight+ ! battles ( ! c\rt & obta9+ = himself /ep aft] /ep 9 ! pe]age4' ,we are p]fectly famili> ) ?is type1 bo? 9 m5 :o h1 & m5 :o h n1 su* brilliant p>ts z ,halifax4 ,su* m5 pr(ess to n\ri% high ideals ( life1 ( "*1 ( social in/itutions4 ,yet !y nev] ?9k ( ^! ideals1 :5 !y are decid+ :at is practically atta9able4 ,"o w\ld l to ask !m :at purpose is s]v$ by an ideal1 if x is n to make a guide = practice & a l&m>k 9 deal+ ) ! real4 ,a man's l(tie/ & mo/ ideal notions mu/ be ( a s+ul>ly e!real &1 %all we n say1 s5seless k9d1 if he c nev] see h[ to take a s+le /ep t may t5d 9 ! slighte/ degree t[>ds mak+ !m m real4 ,if an ideal has no po9t ( contact ) :at exi/s1 x is probably n mu* m ?an ! vapid outcome ( intellectual or spiritual self-indulg5ce4 ,if x has su* a po9t ( contact1 !n !re is sure to be some?+ :i* a man c d t[>ds ! fulfilm5t ( 8 hopes4 ,he _c sub/itute a new national religion = ! old1 b he c at lea/ d some?+ to prev5t p f suppos+ t ! adh]5ts ( ! old are m num]\s ?an !y really are1 & some?+ to %[ !m t good ideas are n all exhau/$ by ! anci5t =ms4 ,he _c trans=m a mon>*y into a republic1 b he c make sure t "o citiz5 at lea/ %all aim at republican virtues1 & ab/a9 f ! debas+ complaisance ( ! cr[d4 ',x is a v great mi/ake1 said ,burke1 _m ye>s be=e ! ,fr5* ,revolution is alleg$1 & mo/ unreasonably alleg$1 to h ali5at$ him f lib]alism3 'x is a v great mi/ake to imag9e t mank9d foll[ up practically any speculative pr9ciple1 ei!r ( gov]nm5t or ( fre$om1 z f> z x w g 9 argum5t & logical illation4 ,all gov]nm5t1 inde$ e human b5efit & enjoym5t1 e virtue1 & e prud5t act1 is f\nd$ on compromise & b>t]4 ,we balance inconv5i5ces2 we give & take2--we remit "s rights t we may enjoy o!rs4444 ,man acts f motives relative to 8 int]e/s2 & n on metaphysical speculations4#bi ,^! are ! words ( wisdom & tru?1 if we c be sure t m5 w int]pret !m 9 all ! fulness ( _! mean+1 & n be cont5t to take only t "p ( ! mean+ :i* falls 9 ) ! dictates ( _! own love ( ease4 ,9 ,france su* words ought to be pr9t$ 9 capitals on ! front ( e newspap]1 & writt5 up 9 lett]s ( burni%$ gold ov] ea* faction ( ! ,assembly1 & on ! door ( e bureau 9 ! ,adm9i/ration4 ,9 ,engl& !y ne$ a comm5t>y :i* %all br+ out ! v simple tru?1 t compromise & b>t] d n mean ! undisput$ triumph ( "o set ( pr9ciples4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 d !y mean ! mutilation ( bo? sets ( pr9ciples1 ) a view to produc+ a t]tium quid t %all involve ! disadvantages ( ea*1 )\t secur+ ! advantages ( ei!r4 ,:at ,burke means is t we ought nev] to press our ideas up to _! remote/ logical issues1 )\t ref]5ce to ! conditions 9 :i* we are apply+ !m4 ,9 politics we h an art4 ,success 9 politics1 z 9 e o!r art1 obvi\sly be=e all else implies bo? k ( ! mat]ial ) :i* we h to deal1 & also su* concession z is necess>y to ! qualities ( ! mat]ial4 ,above all1 9 politics we h an art 9 :i* developm5t dep5ds ^u small modifications4 ,t is ! true side ( ! cons]vative !ory4 ,to hurry on aft] logical p]fection is to %[ "o's self ignorant ( ! mat]ial ( t social /ructure ) :i* ! politician has to deal4 ,to disda9 any?+ %ort ( an organic *ange 9 ?\ght or in/itution 9 infatuation4 ,to be will+ to make su* *anges too frequ5tly1 ev5 :5 !y are possible1 is foolh>d9ess4 ,t fatal ,fr5* say+ ab\t small re=ms be+ ! wor/ enemies ( great re=ms is1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is commonly us$1 a =mula ( social ru94 ,on ! o!r h&1 let u n =get t !re is a s5se 9 :i* ?is v say+ is pr(\ndly true4 ,a small & tempor>y improvem5t may really be ! wor/ enemy ( a great & p]man5t improvem5t1 unless ! fir/ is made on ! l9es & 9 ! direction ( ! second4 ,& s x may1 if x be successfully palm$ (f ^u a society z actually be+ ! second4 ,9 su* a case z ?is1 & our legislation pres5ts in/ances ( ! k9d1 ! small re=m1 if x be n made ) ref]5ce to "s l>ge progressive pr9ciple & ) a view to fur!r ext5sion ( its scope1 makes x all ! m difficult to return to ! "r l9e & direction :5 improvem5t is aga9 dem&$4 ,to take an example :i* is n[ v famili> to u all4 ,! ,education ,act ( #ahgj 0 ( ! nature ( a small re=m4 ,no "o pret5ds t x is any?+ approa*+ to a f9al solution ( a complex problem4 ,b ! gov]nm5t insi/$1 :e!r rightly or wrongly1 t _! ,act 0 z l>ge a measure z public op9ion 0 at t mom5t ready to support4 ,at ! same "t x 0 cle>ly agre$ among ! gov]nm5t & ! :ole ( ! p>ty at _! backs1 t at "s "t or o!r1 ne> or remote1 if public in/ruction 0 to be made g5u9ely effective1 ! private1 volunt>y1 or d5om9ational sy/em w\ld h to be replac$ by a national sy/em4 ,to prep>e = ?is ultimate replacem5t 0 "o ( ! po9ts to be mo/ /eadily borne 9 m9d1 h[ev] sl[ly & t5tatively ! process might be conduct$4 ,in/ead ( t1 ! au?ors ( ! ,act delib]ately introduc$ provisions = ext5d+ & /r5g!n+ ! v sy/em :i* w h ev5tually to be sup]s$$4 ,!y ?us by _! small re=m made ! future great re=m ! m difficult ( a*ievem5t4 ,assur$ly ?is is n ! compromise & b>t]1 ! give & take1 :i* ,burke int5d$4 ,:at ,burke means by compromise1 & :at e true /atesman und]/&s by x1 is t x may be mo/ inexp$i5t to m$dle ) an in/itution m]ely because x does n h>monise ) 'argum5t & logical illation4' ,?is is a v diff]5t ?+ f giv+ new com=t & /r5g? ) "o h&1 to an in/itution ^: dea?-w>rant y pret5d to be sign+ ) ! o!r4 ,9 a diff]5t way ! second possible evil ( a small re=m may be equally mis*iev\s--:]e ! small re=m is repres5t$ z settl+ ! "q4 ,! mis*ief "h is n t x takes u out ( ! progressive c\rse1 z 9 ! case we h j be5 consid]+1 b t x sets m5's m9ds 9 a po/ure ( cont5tm5t1 :i* is n ju/ifi$ by ! am\nt ( :at has be5 done1 & :i* makes x all ! h>d] to ar\se !m to new ef=t :5 ! inevitable "t arrives4 ,9 ^! ways1 !n1 compromise may mean1 n acquiesc5ce 9 an in/alm5t1 on ! gr\nd t ! "t is n ripe to yield u m ?an an in/alm5t1 b ei!r ! acceptance ( ! in/alm5t z f9al1 foll[$ by ! virtual ab&onm5t ( hope & ef=t2 or else x may mean a mi/ak5 rev]sal ( direction1 :i* augm5ts ! di/ance t has ultimately to be trav]s$4 ,9 ei!r ( ^! s5ses1 ! small re=m may become ! enemy ( ! great "o4 ,b a "r conception ( political me?od1 bas$ on a rightly int]pret$ exp]i5ce ( ! conditions on :i* societies unite progress ) ord]1 leads ! wise cons]vative to accept ! small *ange1 le/ a worse ?+ befall him1 & ! wise innovator to seize ! *ance ( a small improvem5t1 :ile incessantly work+ 9 ! direction ( great ones4 ,! important ?+ is t ?r\gh\t ! process nei!r ( !m %\ld lose sight ( 8 ultimate ideal2 nor fail to look at ! detail f ! po9t ( view ( ! :ole2 nor all[ ! ne> p>ticul> to bulk s unduly l>ge z to obscure ! g5]al & di/ant4 ,if ! process seems intol]ably sl[1 we may correct our impati5ce by look+ back ^u ! pa/4 ,p seldom realise ! enorm\s p]iod ( "t :i* ea* *ange 9 m5's ideas requires = its full accompli%m5t4 ,we speak ( ^! *anges ) a p]emptory k9d ( def9it5ess1 z if !y _h cov]$ no m ?an ! space ( a few ye>s4 ,?us we talk ( ! "t ( ! ,re=mation1 z we might talk ( ! ,re=m ,bill or ! ,repeal ( ! ,corn ,duties4 ,yet ! ,re=mation is ! "n = a movem5t ( ! m9d ( nor!rn ,europe1 :i* w5t on = ?ree c5turies4 ,!n if we turn to t /ill m mom5t\s set ( ev5ts1 ! rise & e/abli%m5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 "o might suppose f curr5t spee* t we c\ld fix t )9 a space ( half a c5tury or s4 ,yet x 0 at lea/ f\r hundr$ ye>s be=e all ! f\ndations ( t great sup]/ructure ( doctr9e & organisation 7 completely laid4 ,aga91 to desc5d to less impos+ occurr5ces1 ! transition 9 ! ,ea/]n ,empire f ! old ,roman sy/em ( national organisation to t o!r sy/em to :i* we give ! specific "n ( ,byzant9e1--?is transition1 s inf9itely less important z x 0 ?an ei!r ( ! two o!r movem5ts1 yet occupi$ no less ?an a c\ple ( hundr$ ye>s4 ,! conditions ( spee* make x indisp5sable = u to use def9ite & comp5di\s names = movem5ts t 7 bo? t>dy & complex4 ,we are =c$ to "n a long s]ies ( ev5ts z if !y 7 a s+le ev5t4 ,b we lose ! reality ( hi/ory1 we fail to recognise "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ aspects ( human affairs1 & above all we miss t mo/ invaluable practical lesson1 ! lesson ( pati5ce1 unless we rememb] t ! great *anges ( hi/ory took up long p]iods ( "t :i*1 :5 measur$ by ! little life ( a man1 are almo/ colossal1 l ! va/ *anges ( geology4 ,we "k h[ long x takes be=e a species ( plant or animal disappe>s 9 face ( a bett] adapt$ species4 ,ideas & cu/oms1 beliefs & in/itutions1 h always l+]$ j z long 9 face ( _! successors1 & ! competition is n less ke5 nor less prolong$1 because x is = "o or o!r inevitably de/9$ to be hopeless4 ,hi/ory1 l geology1 dem&s ! use ( ! imag9ation1 & 9 proportion z ! ex]cise ( ! hi/oric imag9ation is vigor\sly p]=m$ 9 ?9k+ ( ! pa/1 w be ! bread? ( our conception ( ! *anges :i* ! future has 9 /ore = u1 z well z ( ! l5g? ( "t & ! magnitude ( ef=t requir$ = _! p]fect a*ievem5t#cj4 ,?is mu*1 conc]n+ mod]ation 9 political practice4 ,no su* consid]ations pres5t !mselves 9 ! matt]s :i* conc]n ! %ap+ ( our own lives1 or ! publications ( our social op9ions4 ,9 ?is region we are n impos+ *>ges ^u o!rs1 ei!r by law or o!rwise4 ,we !re=e owe no?+ to ! prejudices or habits ( o!rs4 ,if any "o sets s]i\s value ^u ! po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 8 own ideal & t :i* is curr5t1 if he ?9ks t 8 'exp]im5t 9 liv+' has promise ( real wor?1 & t if m p]sons c\ld be induc$ to imitate x1 "s portion ( mank9d w\ld be ?us put 9 possession ( a bett] k9d ( happ9ess1 !n x is sell+ a bir?right = a mess ( pottage to ab&on hopes s ri* & g5]\s1 m]ely 9 ord] to avoid ! pass+ & casual p5alties ( social disapproval4 ,& !re is a d\ble evil 9 ?is k9d ( fl9*+ f ob$i5ce to ! voice ( our bett] selves1 :e!r x takes ! =m ( absolute suppression ( :at we ?9k & hope1 or only ( timor\s & mutilat$ pres5tation4 ,we lose n only ! possible advantage ( ! giv5 *ange4 ,besides t1 we lose also ! c]ta9 advantage ( ma9ta9+ or increas+ ! am\nt ( consci5ti\sness 9 ! _w4 ,& ev]ybody c p]ceive ! loss incurr$ 9 a society :]e dim9ution ( ! latt] sort takes place4 ,! advance ( ! community dep5ds n m]ely on ! improvem5t & elevation ( its moral maxima1 b also on ! quick5+ ( moral s5sibility4 ,! latt] "w has mo/ly be5 effect$1 :5 x has be5 effect$ on a l>ge scale1 by tea*]s ( a c]ta9 s+ul> p]sonal quality4 ,!y d no?+ to improve ! !ory ( conduct1 b !y h ! art ( /imulat+ m5 to a m en?usia/ic will+ness to rise 9 daily practice to ! requirem5ts ( :atev] !ory !y may accept4 ,! love ( virtue1 ( duty1 ( hol9ess1 or by :atev] "n we call ?is p[]ful s5tim5t1 exi/s 9 ! majority ( m51 :]e x exi/s at all1 indep5d5tly ( argum5t4 ,x is a matt] ( affection1 sympa?y1 association1 aspiration4 ,h5ce1 ev5 :ile1 9 quality1 s5se ( duty is a /ation>y factor1 x is con/antly *ang+ 9 quantity4 ,! am\nt ( consci5ce 9 diff]5t communities1 or 9 ! same community at diff]5t times1 v>ies inf9itely4 ,! imm$iate cause ( ! decl9e ( a society 9 ! ord] ( morals is a decl9e 9 ! quantity ( its consci5ce1 a dead5+ ( its moral s5sitiv5ess1 & n a depravation ( its !oretical e?ics4 ,! ,greeks became corrupt & enfeebl$1 n = lack ( e?ical sci5ce1 b ?r\gh ! decay 9 ! numb]s ( ^? :o 7 actually alive to ! reality & =ce ( e?ical obligations4 ,mahometans triumph$ ov] ,*ri/ians 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ,spa9--if we may = a mom5t isolate moral conditions f ! re/ ( ! total circum/ances--n because _! s*eme ( duty 0 m elevat$ or compreh5sive1 b because _! respect = duty 0 m /r5u\s & f]vid4 ,! great importance ( leav+ ?is priceless elem5t 9 a community z free1 z ke51 & z active z possible1 is ov]look$ by ! ?9k]s :o uphold co]cion aga9/ lib]ty1 z a sav+ social pr9ciple4 ,e act ( co]cion direct$ aga9/ an op9ion or a way ( liv+ is 9 s f> calculat$ to less5 ! quantity ( consci5ce 9 ! society :]e su* acts are practis$4 ,( c\rse1 :]e ways ( liv+ int]f]e ) ! lawful rights ( o!rs1 :]e !y are n /rictly self-reg>d+ 9 all _! details1 x is necess>y to =ce ! dissid5ts1 h[ev] /rong may be _! consci5ti\s s5tim5t4 ,! evil ( att5uat+ t s5tim5t is small] ?an ! evil ( all[+ "o set ( p]sons to realise _! own notions ( happ9ess1 at ! exp5se ( all ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,b :]e ^! notions c be realis$ )\t unlawful int]f]5ce ( t k9d1 !n ! =cible h9drance ( su* realisation is a direct weak5+ ( ! =ce & am\nt ( consci5ce on :i* ! community may c\nt4 ,!re is "o memorable hi/oric case to illu/rate ?is4 ,lewis ,,xiv41 9 revok+ ! ,edict ( ,nantes1 & ! au?or ( ! /ill m cruel law ( #agbd1 n only viol5tly drove out multitudes ( ! mo/ scrupul\s "p ( ! ,fr5* nation2 !y virtually (f]$ ! mo/ trem5d\s bribes to ^? ( less /]n resolution1 to feign conv]sion to ! or?odox fai?4 ,?is 0 to treat consci5ce z a ?+ ( mean value4 ,x 0 to scatt] to ! w9d ) bo? h&s ! moral res\rces ( ! community4 ,& :o c fail to see ! /r5g? :i* w\ld h be5 giv5 to ,france 9 h] h\r ( /orm1 a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes1 if h] prote/ant sons1 =tifi$ by ! tra9+ 9 ! habits ( individual responsibility :i* prote/antism involves1 _h only be5 !re to aid8 ,?is consid]ation br+s u to a new side ( ! discussion4 ,we may seem to h be5 unconsci\sly argu+ z /rongly 9 fav\r ( a vigor\s social cons]vatism z ( a self-ass]t+ _s ( social improvem5t4 ,all t we h be5 say+ may appe> to cut bo? ways4 ,if ! innovator %\ld decl9e to practise sil5ce or res]ve1 :y %\ld ! possessor ( p[] be less uncompromis+1 & :y %\ld he n impose sil5ce by =ce8 ,if ! h]etic ought to be uncompromis+ 9 express+ 8 op9ions1 & 9 act+ ^u !m1 9 ! fulness ( 8 conviction t !y are "r1 :y %\ld n ! or?odox be equally uncompromis+ 9 8 resolution to /amp out ! h]etical notions & unusual ways ( liv+1 9 ! fulness ( 8 conviction t !y are ?or\ghly wrong8 ,to ?is "q ! answ] is t ! holl[ k9ds ( compromise are z bad 9 ! or?odox z 9 ! h]etical4 ,tru? has z mu* to ga9 f s9c]ity & ?or\ghness 9 "o z 9 ! o!r4 ,b ! issue betwe5 ! p>tisans ( ! two oppos$ s*ools turns ^u ! s5se :i* we design to give to ! process ( /amp+ out4 ,^? :o cl+ to ! t5ets ( lib]ty limit ! action ( ! majority1 z ( ! m9ority1 /rictly to p]suasion4 ,^? :o dislike lib]ty1 insi/ t e>ne/ness ( conviction ju/ifies ei!r a majority or a m9ority 9 us+ n p]suasion only1 b =ce4 ,i d n propose "h to ent] into ! great "q :i* ,mr4 ,mill press$ anew ^u ! m9ds ( ?is g5]ation4 ,8 argum5ts are famili> to e read]1 & ! conclusion at :i* he arriv$ is almo/ tak5 = a po/ulate 9 ! pres5t essay4#ca ,! object ( ^! *apt]s is to reit]ate ! importance ( self-ass]tion1 t5acity1 & positiv5ess ( pr9ciple4 ,! p>tisan ( co]cion w argue t ?is !sis is on "o side ( x a ju/ification ( p]secution1 & o!r modes ( int]f]+ ) new op9ions & new ways ( liv+ by =ce1 & ! /rong arm ( ! law1 & :atev] o!r en]getic means ( repression may be at comm&4 ,if ! m9ority are to be uncompromis+ alike 9 seek+ & realis+ :at !y take = tru?1 :y n ! majority8 ,n[ ?is implies two propositions4 ,x is ! same z to say1 fir/1 t e>ne/ness ( conviction is n to be di/+ui%$ f a belief 9 our own infallibility2 second1 t fai? 9 our infallibility is necess>ily b\nd up ) intol]ance4 ,nei!r ( ^! propositions is true4 ,let u take !m 9 turn4 ,e>ne/ness ( conviction is p]fectly compatible ) a s5se ( liability to error4 ,?is has be5 s excell5tly put by a =m] writ] t we ne$ n attempt to bett] 8 exposition4 ',e "o mu/1 ( c\rse1 ?9k 8 own op9ions "r2 = if he ?\ght !m wrong1 !y w\ld no long] be 8 op9ions3 b !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 reg>d+ ourselves z infallible1 & be+ firmly conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( our cre$4 ,:5 a man reflects on any p>ticul> doctr9e1 he may be impress$ ) a ?or\gh conviction ( ! improbability or ev5 impossibility ( its be+ false3 & s he may feel ) reg>d to all 8 o!r op9ions1 :5 he makes !m objects ( sep>ate contemplation4 ,& yet :5 he views !m 9 ! aggregate1 :5 he reflects t n a s+le be+ on ! e>? holds collectively ! same1 :5 he looks at ! pa/ hi/ory & pres5t /ate ( mank9d1 & obs]ves ! v>i\s cre$s ( diff]5t ages & nations1 ! peculi> modes ( ?9k+ ( sects & bodies & individuals1 ! notions once firmly held1 :i* h be5 explod$1 ! prejudices once univ]sally preval5t1 :i* h be5 remov$1 & ! endless controv]sies :i* h di/ract$ ^? :o h made x ! bus9ess ( _! lives to arrive at ! tru?2 & :5 he fur!r dwells on ! consid]ation t _m ( ^!1 8 fell[-creatures1 h _h a conviction ( ! ju/ness ( _! respective s5tim5ts equal to 8 own1 he _c help ! obvi\s inf]5ce1 t 9 8 own op9ion x is next to impossible t !re is n an admixture ( error2 t !re is an inf9itely great] probability ( 8 be+ wrong 9 "s ?an "r 9 all4'#cb ,( c\rse ?is is n an acc\nt ( ! actual frame ( m9d ( ord9>y m54 ,!y nev] d ?9k ( _! op9ions 9 ! aggregate 9 comp>ison ) ! collective op9ions ( o!rs1 nor ev] draw ! conclusions :i* su* reflections w\ld sugge/4 ,b su* a frame ( m9d is p]fectly atta9able1 & has (t5 be5 atta9$1 by p]sons ( f> l[] ?an fir/-rate capacity4 ,& if ?is is s1 !re is no reason :y x %\ld n be held up = ! admiration & imitation ( all ^? classes ( society :i* pr(ess to h op9ions4 ,x w\ld ?us become an e/abli%$ elem5t 9 ! temp] ( ! age4 ,nor ne$ we fe> t ! result ( ?is w\ld be any flaccidity ( conviction1 or le?>gy 9 act4 ,a man w\ld /ill be p5etrat$ ) ! rightness ( 8 own op9ion on a giv5 issue1 & w\ld /ill d all t he c\ld to make x prevail 9 practice4 ,b among ! ?+s :i* he w\ld no long] p]mit himself to d1 w\ld be ! =cible repression 9 o!rs ( any op9ions1 h[ev] ho/ile to 8 own1 or ( any k9d ( conduct1 h[ev] widely x div]g$ f 8 own1 & provid$ t x conc]n$ !mselves only4 ,?is wid5+ ( 8 tol]ance w\ld be ! natural result ( a rational & realis$ consci\sness ( 8 own g5]al fallibility4 ,next1 ev5 belief 9 "o's own infallibility does n necess>ily lead to intol]ance4 ,= x may be said t ?\gh no man 9 8 s5ses w\ld claim to be incapable ( error1 yet 9 e giv5 case he is q sure t he is n 9 error1 & !re=e ?is assurance 9 p>ticul> is tantam\nt by process ( cumulation to a s5se ( infallibility 9 g5]al4 ,n[ ev5 if ?is 7 s1 x w\ld n ( necessity ei!r produce or ju/ify intol]ance4 ,! c]ta9ty ( ! tru? ( y\r own op9ions is indep5d5t ( any special idea z to ! means by :i* o!rs may be/ be br\ght to %>e !m4 ,! "q betwe5 p]suasion & =ce rema9s ap>t--unless1 inde$1 we may say t 9 societies :]e habits ( free discussion h once begun to take root1 ^? :o are lea/ really sure ab\t _! op9ions1 are (t5 mo/ unwill+ to tru/ to p]suasion to br+ !m conv]ts1 & mo/ dispos$ to grasp ! rude implem5ts ( co]cion1 :e!r legal or m]ely social4 ,! cry1 ',be my bro!r1 or ,i slay !e1' 0 ! sign ( a v weak1 ?\gh v fi]y1 fai? 9 ! wor? ( frat]nity4 ,he ^: fai? is mo/ assur$1 has ! be/ reason = rely+ on p]suasion1 & ! /ronge/ motive to ?ru/ f him all temptations to use angry =ce4 ,! sub/itution ( =ce = p]suasion1 among its o!r disadvantages1 has ?is fur!r drawback1 f our pres5t po9t ( view1 t x less5s ! consci5ce ( a society & bre$s hypocrisy4 ,y h n conv]t$ a man1 because y h sil5c$ him4 ,op9ion & =ce belong to diff]5t elem5ts4 ,to ?9k t y are able by social disapproval or o!r co]cive means to cru% a man's op9ion1 is z "o :o %\ld fire a blund]buss to put out a />4 ,! acquiesc5ce 9 curr5t notions :i* is secur$ by law or by petulant social disapproval1 is z wor?less & z ess5tially hypocritical1 z ! conv]sion ( an ,iri% paup] to prote/antism by means ( s\p-tickets1 or t ( a savage to ,*ri/ianity by ! gift ( a /r+ ( beads4 ,"h is ! radical fallacy ( ^? :o urge t p mu/ use promises & ?reats 9 ord] to enc\rage op9ions1 ?\ghts1 & feel+s :i* !y ?9k good1 & to prev5t o!rs :i* !y ?9k bad4 ,promises & ?reats c influ5ce acts4 ,op9ions & ?\ghts on morals1 politics1 & ! re/1 aft] !y h once gr[n 9 a man's m9d1 c no m be influ5c$ by promises & ?reats ?an c my k t sn[ is :ite or t ice is cold4 ,y may impose p5alties on me by /atute = say+ t sn[ is :ite1 or act+ z if ,i ?\ght ice cold1 & ! p5alties may affect my conduct4 ,!y w n1 because !y _c1 modify my beliefs 9 ! matt] by a s+le iota4 ,"o result !re=e ( intol]ance is to make hypocrites4 ,on ?is1 z on ! re/ ( ! gr\nds :i* v9dicate ! doctr9e ( lib]ty1 a man :o ?\ght himself infallible ei!r 9 p>ticul> or 9 g5]al1 f ! ,pope ( ,rome d[n to ! editor ( ! daily newspap]1 might /ill be incl9$ to ab/a9 f any =m ( compulsion4 ,! only reason to ! contr>y is t a man :o is s silly z to ?9k himself incapable ( go+ wrong1 is v likely to be too silly to p]ceive t co]cion may be "o way ( go+ wrong4 ,! curr5cy ( ! notion t e>ne/ s9c]ity ab\t "o's op9ions & ideals ( conduct is insep>ably connect$ ) intol]ance1 is indirectly due to ! pr$om9ance ( legal or juri/ic analogies 9 social discussion4 ,= "o ?+1 ! lawy] has to deal ma9ly ) acts1 & to deal ) !m by way ( repression4 ,8 att5tion is prim>ily fix$ on ! de$1 & only second>ily on ! m9d ( ! do]4 ,& s a habit ( ?\ght is creat$1 :i* treats op9ion z some?+ equally 9 ! sph]e ( co]cion ) actions4 ,at ! same "t x fav\rs co]cive ways ( affect+ op9ion4 ,!n1 :at is /ill m important1 ! juri/'s conception ( society has its root 9 ! relation betwe5 sov]eign & subject1 betwe5 lawmak] & ^? :om law re/ra9s4 ,ex]tion ( p[] on "o h&1 & compliance on ! o!r--?is is 8 type ( ! conditions ( ! social union4 ,! f]tility & advance ( discussion on social issues dep5ds on ! sub/itution ( ! evolutional = ! legal conception4 ,! lawy]'s type ( proposition is absolute4 ,x is also1 = v>i\s reasons :i* ne$ n be giv5 "h1 inspir$ by involunt>y ref]5ce to ! l[]1 r ?an to ! m highly develop$1 social /ates4 ,9 ! l[] /ates law1 p5alties1 co]cion1 compulsion1 ! /rong h&1 a /]nly repressive public op9ion1 7 ! conditions on :i* ! community 0 unit$ & held toge!r4 ,b ! l9e ( ?\ght :i* ^! analogies sugge/1 becomes less & less g5]ally appropriate 9 social discussion1 9 proportion z ! community becomes m complex1 m v>i\s 9 res\rce1 m special 9 its organisation1 9 a ^w1 m elaborately civilis$4 ,! evolutioni/'s idea ( society conc$es to law its hi/oric place & its actual "p4 ,b !n ?is idea leads directly to a way ( look+ at society1 :i* makes ! replacem5t ( law by lib]ty a condition ( rea*+ ! high] /ages ( social developm5t4 ,! doctr9e ( lib]ty belongs to ! subject ( ?is *apt]1 because x is only ano!r way ( express+ ! want ( connection betwe5 e>ne/ness 9 realis+ our op9ions1 & any?+ l co]cion 9 _! fav\r4 ,if x 7 true t av]sion f compromise1 9 c>ry+ out our ideas1 impli$ ! rightfulness ( us+ all ! means 9 our p[] to h9d] o!rs f c>ry+ out ideas ho/ile to !m1 !n we %\ld h be5 prea*+ 9 a _s unfav\rable to ! pr9ciple ( lib]ty4 ,our ma9 text has be5 t m5 %\ld refuse to sacrifice _! op9ions & ways ( liv+ 79 ! self-reg>d+ sph]e7 out ( reg>d to ! /atus quo1 or ! prejudices ( o!rs4 ,& ?is1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 excludes ! "r ( =c+ or wi%+ any "o else to make su* a sacrifice to u4 ,well1 ! fir/ f\ndation-/one = ! doctr9e ( lib]ty is to be s\ght 9 ! conception ( society z a gr[+ & develop+ organism4 ,?is is its true base1 ap>t f ! num]\s m9or exp$i5cies :i* may be adduc$ to complete ! /ructure ( ! argum5t4 ,x is fundam5tally advantage\s t 9 societies :i* h rea*$ our degree ( complex & intricate organisation1 unfett]$ lib]ty %\ld be conc$$ to ideas &1 )9 ! self-reg>d+ sph]e1 to conduct also4 ,! reasons = ?is are ( "s su* k9d z ! foll[+4 ,new ideas & new 'exp]im5ts 9 liv+' w\ld n arise1 if !re 7 n a c]ta9 inadequat5ess 9 exi/+ ideas & ways ( liv+4 ,!y may n po9t to ! "r mode ( meet+ inadequat5ess1 b !y d po9t to ! exi/5ce & consci\sness ( x4 ,!y orig9ate 9 ! social capability ( gr[?4 ,society c only develop itself on condition t all su* novelties 7)9 ! limit laid d[n1 = good & valid reasons1 at self reg>d+ conduct7 are all[$ to pres5t !mselves4 ,fir/1 because nei!r ! legislature nor any "o else c ev] "k = c]ta9 :at novelties w prove ( endur+ value4 ,second1 because ev5 if we did "k = c]ta9 t giv5 novelties 7 pa?ological gr[?s & n normal developm5ts1 & t !y nev] w\ld be ( any value1 /ill ! repression necess>y to extirpate !m w\ld involve too s]i\s a risk bo? ( keep+ back social gr[? at "s o!r po9t1 & ( giv+ ! direction ( t gr[? an irrep>able w>p4 ,& let u repeat once m1 9 proportion z a community gr[s m complex 9 its classes1 divisions1 & subdivisions1 m intricate 9 its productive1 comm]cial1 or mat]ial arrangem5ts1 s does ?is risk v obvi\sly wax m grave4 ,9 ! s5se 9 :i* we are speak+ ( x1 lib]ty is n a positive =ce1 any m ?an ! smoo?ness ( a railroad is a positive =ce4#cc ,x is a condition4 ,z a =ce1 !re is a s5se 9 :i* x is true to call lib]ty a negation4 ,z a condition1 ?\gh x may /ill be a negation1 yet x may be indisp5sable = ! production ( c]ta9 positive results4 ,! vacuity ( an exhau/$ receiv] is n a =ce1 b x is ! indisp5sable condition ( c]ta9 positive op]ations4 ,lib]ty z a =ce may be z impot5t z its oppon5ts allege4 ,?is does n affect its value z a prelim9>y or accompany+ condition4 ,! abs5ce ( a /rait-wai/coat is a negation2 b x is a useful condition = ! activity ( sane m54 ,no d\bt !re mu/ be a def9ite limit to ?is abs5ce ( ext]nal int]f]5ce ) conduct1 & t limit w be fix$ at v>i\s po9ts by diff]5t ?9k]s4 ,we are n[ only urg+ t x _c be wisely fix$ = ! m complex societies by any "o :o has n grasp$ ?is fundam5tal preconception1 t lib]ty1 or ! abs5ce ( co]cion1 or ! leav+ p to ?9k1 speak1 & act z !y please1 is 9 itself a good ?+4 ,x is ! object ( a fav\rable presumption4 ,! burd5 ( prov+ x inexp$i5t always lies1 & :olly lies1 on ^? :o wi% to abridge x by co]cion1 :e!r direct or indirect4 ,"o reason :y ?is tru? is s reluctantly admitt$1 is m5's irrational want ( fai? 9 ! self-protective quality ( a highly develop$ & heal?y community4 ,! timid compromis] on ! "o h&1 & ! advocate ( co]cive re/riction on ! o!r1 are equally ! victims ( a sup]flu\s appreh5sion4 ,! "o fe>s to use 8 lib]ty = ! same reason t makes ! o!r fe>ful ( p]mitt+ lib]ty4 ,?is common reason is ! want ( a s5sible confid5ce t1 9 a free we/]n community1 :i* has rea*$ our /age ( developm5t1 religi\s1 moral1 & social novelties--provid$ !y are ta9t$ by no elem5t ( compulsion or int]f]5ce ) ! j rights ( o!rs1 may be tru/$ to f9d _! own level4 ,moral & intellectual conditions are n ! only motive =ces 9 a community1 nor are !y ev5 ! mo/ decisive4 ,political & mat]ial conditions fix ! limits at :i* speculation c d ei!r good or h>m4 ,let u take an illu/ration ( ! impot5ce ( moral ideas to ov]ride mat]ial circum/ances2 & we %all v5ture to place ?is illu/ration some:at fully be=e ! read]4 ,!re is no m important di/9ction betwe5 mod]n civilis$ communities & ! anci5t communities ?an ! fact t ! latt] re/$ on ,slav]y1 :ile ! =m] h aboli%$ x4 ,h5ce !re c h>dly be a m int]e/+ "q ?an ?is--by :at ag5cies s prodigi\s a trans=mation ( "o ( ! fundam5tal conditions ( society 0 br\ght ab\t4 ,! popul> answ] is ( a v ready k9d1 & x passes q satisfactorily4 ,?is answ] is t ! fir/ great /ep t[>ds free lab\r1 ! trans=mation ( p]sonal slav]y into s]fdom1 0 ! result ( ! spiritual *ange :i* 0 wr\ght 9 m5's m9ds by ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is unque/ionable t ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur* t5d$ to mitigate ! evils ( slav]y1 to humanise ! relations betwe5 ma/] & slave1 betwe5 ! "l & ! s]f4 ,b ?is is a v diff]5t ?+ f ! radical trans=mation ( ^? relations4 ,if we ?9k ( society z an organism we in/antly und]/& t s imm5se a *ange z ?is c\ld n possibly h be5 effect$ )\t ! co-op]ation ( ! o!r great p>ts ( ! social sy/em1 any m ?an a critical evolution c\ld take place 9 ! nutritive app>atus ( an animal1 )\t a *ange 9 ! :ole s]ies ( its organs4 ,?us 9 ord] t s]fage %\ld be evolv$ f slav]y1 & free lab\r aga9 f s]fage1 x c\ld n be en\gh t an alt]ation %\ld h be5 wr\ght 9 m5's ideas z to _! common bro!rhood1 & ! connect$ ideas z to ! lawfulness or unlawfulness ( c]ta9 human relations4 ,!re mu/ h be5 an alt]ation also ( ! economic & mat]ial conditions4 ,hi/ory confirms ! expectations :i* we %\ld ?us h be5 l$ to ent]ta94 ,! impot5ce ( spiritual & moral ag5cies alone 9 br++ ab\t ?is great metamorphosis1 is %[n by su* facts z ^!4 ,= c5turies aft] ! new fai? _h consolidat$ itself1 slav]y 0 reg>d$ )\t a p>ticle ( t deep abhorr5ce :i* ! possession ( man by man excites 9 u n[4 ,9 ! n9? & t5? c5turies ! slave trade 0 ! mo/ pr(itable bran* ( ! comm]ce t 0 c>ri$ on 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! hi/orian tells u t1 ev5 s late z ?is1 slaves 7 ! pr9cipal article ( ,european export to ,africa1 ,syria1 & ,egypt1 9 paym5t = ! produce ( ! ,ea/ :i* 0 br\ght f ^? c\ntries4 ,x 0 ! crumbl+ ( ! old social sy/em :i*1 by r$uc+ ! population1 less5+ ! weal?1 & l[]+ ! /&>d ( liv+ among ! free ma/]s1 t5d$ to ext+ui% slav]y1 by dim9i%+ ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ma/]s & _! bondsm54 ,aga91 x 0 c]ta9 laws enact$ by ! ,roman gov]nm5t = ! b5efit ( ! imp]ial fisc1 :i* fir/ conf]r$ rights on ! slave4 ,! same laws br\ght ! free f>m]1 ^: position 0 less satisfactory = ! purposes ( ! rev5ue1 d[n ne>] & ne>] to a s]vile condition4 ,aga91 9 ! n9? & t5? c5turies1 pe/il5ce & fam9e accel]at$ ! ext9ction ( pr$ial slav]y by weak5+ ! numb]s ( ! free population4 ',hi/ory1' we are told by t ?or\ghly compet5t au?ority1 ,mr4 ,f9lay1 'af=ds its te/imony t nei!r ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 nor ! s5tim5ts ( humanity1 h ev] yet succe$$ 9 ext+ui%+ slav]y1 :]e ! soil c\ld be cultivat$ ) pr(it by slave lab\r4 ,no ,*ri/ian community ( slave-hold]s has yet volunt>ily aboli%$ slav]y4 ,9 no c\ntry :]e x prevail$ has rural slav]y ceas$1 until ! price ( productions rais$ by slave lab\r has fall5 s l[ z to leave no pr(it to ! slave-own]4' ,! moral ( all ?is is ! tol]ably obvi\s tru?1 t ! prosp]ity ( an ab/ract idea dep5ds z mu* on ! m$ium into :i* x is laun*$1 z ^u any quality ( its own4 ,/able societies are amply furni%$ ) =ce en\gh to resi/ all ef=t 9 a de/ructive direction4 ,!re is seldom mu* fe>1 & 9 our own c\ntry !re is h>dly any fe> at all1 ( ha/y re=m]s mak+ too mu* way aga9/ ! spontane\s cons]vatism :i* belongs to a heal?y & well-organis$ community4 ,if dissolv5t ideas d make _! way1 x is because ! society 0 already ripe = dissolution4 ,new ideas1 h[ev] ard5tly prea*$1 w dissolve no society :i* 0 n already 9 a condition ( pr(\nd disorganisation4 ,we may be all[$ j to po9t to two memorable in/ances1 by way ( illu/ration1 ?\gh a long & elaborate discussion w\ld be ne$$ to br+ out _! full =ce4 ,x has (t5 be5 ?\ght s9ce1 z x 0 ?\ght by timor\s reaction>ies at ! "t1 t ,*ri/ianity 9 v>i\s ways sapp$ ! /r5g? ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & op5$ ! way = ! b>b>ians4 ,9 tru?1 ! mo/ c>eful & compet5t /ud5ts "k n[ t ! ,empire sl[ly fell to pieces1 p>tly because ! political arrangem5ts 7 vici\s & inadequate1 b ma9ly because ! fiscal & economic sy/em impov]i%$ & depopulat$ "o di/rict ( ! va/ empire aft] ano!r4 ,x 0 ! break-up ( ! ,empire t gave ! ,*ur* its *ance2 n ! ,*ur* t broke up ! ,empire4 ,x is a mi/ake ( ! same k9d to suppose t ! de/ructive criticism ( ! ,fr5* philosoph]s a hundr$ ye>s ago 0 ! great op]ative cause ( ! cata/rophe :i* befel ! old social rgime4 ,if ,voltaire1 ,did]ot1 ,r\sseau1 _h nev] liv$1 or if _! works _h all be5 suppress$ z soon z !y 7 pr9t$1 _! abs5ce w\ld h giv5 no new life to agriculture1 w\ld n h /imulat$ trade1 nor repl5i%$ ! bankrupt fisc1 nor incorporat$ ! privileg$ classes ) ! bulk ( ! nation1 nor done any?+ else to repair an organisation ( :i* e s+le "p _h become incompet5t = its prop] function4 ,x 0 ! mat]ial mis]y & ! political despair eng5d]$ by ! reign+ sy/em1 :i* br\ght will+ li/5]s to ! feet ( ! tea*]s :o fram$ b5efic5t gov]nm5ts on ! simple pr9ciples ( reason & ! natural law4 ,& ^! tea*]s only busi$ !mselves ) ab/ract politics1 because ! real situation 0 desp]ate4 ,!y _h no alt]native b to evolve social improvem5ts out ( _! own consci\sness4 ,!re 0 n a s+le s\nd organ 9 ! body politic1 :i* !y c\ld h made ! />t+-po9t ( a recon/itution ( a society on ! base ( its actual or hi/oric /ructure4 ,! mis*iefs :i* result$ f _! me?od are pat5t & und5iable4 ,b ! me?od 0 made inevitable by ! curse ( ! old rgime4#cd ,nor is !re any in/ance 9 hi/ory ( m]e op9ion mak+ a brea* 9 ! ess5tial con/itution ( a community1 s long z ! political conditions 7 /able & ! economic or nutritive conditions s\nd4 ,if "s absolute mon>* 7 to be seiz$ by a philan?ropic resolution to trans=m ! ord]+ ( a society :i* seem$ to be at 8 disposal1 he might possibly1 by ! p]sev]ance ( a lifetime1 succe$ 9 ?r[+ ! community into p]man5t confusion4 ,joseph ,,ii4 p]haps did z mu* z a mod]n sov]eign c d 9 ?is direction4 ,yet little came ( 8 ef=ts1 ei!r = good or h>m4 ,b a man )\t ! :ole political ma*9]y 9 8 p[] ne$ h>dly lab\r "u any appreh5sion t he may1 by ! m]e =ce ( speculative op9ion1 involunt>ily "w a correspond+ mis*ief4 ,if x is true t ! mo/ f]v5t apo/les ( progress usually d v little ( ! good on :i* !y congratulate !mselves1 !y ought surely on ! same gr\nd to be acquitt$ ( mu* ( ! h>m = :i* !y are sometimes revil$4 ,9 a c\ntry ( un*eck$ & abundant discussion1 a new idea is n at all likely to make mu* way aga9/ ! objection ( its novelty1 unless x is really comm5d$ by "s quality ( tempor>y or p]man5t value4 ,s f> !re=e z ! m]e publication ( new pr9ciples is conc]n$1 & s f> also z m]ely self-reg>d+ action goes1 "o :o has ! ke5e/ s5se ( social responsibility1 & is mo/ scrupul\sly afraid ( do+ any?+ to slack5 or p]turb ! process ( social gr[?1 may /ill consi/5tly give to ! _w :atev] ideas he has gravely embrac$4 ,he may safely tru/1 if ! society be 9 a normal condition1 to its ju/ice ( assimilation & rejection4 ,!re are a few individuals = :om newness is a recomm5dation4 ,b :at are ^! few among ! _m to :om newness is a /umbl+-block8 ,old ideas may survive m]ely because !y are old4 ,a new "o w c]ta9ly n1 among a consid]able body ( m5 9 a heal?y social /ate1 ga9 any acceptance wor? speak+ (1 m]ely because x is new4 ,! recognition ( ! self-protect+ quality ( society is some?+ m ?an a po9t ( speculative importance4 ,x has a direct practical influ5ce4 ,= x w\ld add to ! c\rage & intrepidity ( ! m5 :o are mo/ atta*$ to ! reign+ ord] ( ?+s4 ,if su* m5 c\ld only dive/ !mselves ( a futile & n]v\s appreh5sion1 t ?+s z !y are h no root 9 _! ess5tial fitness & h>mony1 & t ord] consequ5tly is ev] hang+ on a trembl+ & d\btful balance1 !y w\ld n only ga9 by ! self-respect :i* w\ld be add$ to !m & ! re/ ( ! community1 b all discussion w\ld become m robu/ & real4 ,if !y _h a l>g] fai? 9 ! /ability = :i* !y pr(ess s great an anxiety1 !y w\ld be m free alike 9 und]/&+ & temp] to deal g5]\sly1 hone/ly1 & effectively ) ^? :om !y c\nt imprud5t innovators4 ,!re is no?+ m amus+ or m in/ructive ?an to turn to ! debates 9 p>liam5t or ! press ^u "s innovat+ proposal1 aft] an int]val s9ce ! proposal 0 accept$ by ! legislature4 ,! flam+ hopes ( its fri5ds1 ! wild & desp]ate prophecies ( its antagoni/s1 are f\nd to be ea* z ill-f\nd$ z ! o!r4 ,! measure :i* 0 to d su* va/ good accord+ to ! "o1 su* port5t\s evil accord+ to ! o!r1 has done only a "p ( ! promis$ good1 & has done none ( ! ?reat5$ evil4 ,! true lesson f ?is is "o ( p]sev]ance & ?or\ghness = ! improv]1 & "o ( fai? 9 ! self-protectiv5ess ( a heal?y society = ! cons]vative4 ,! ma/] error ( ! latt] is to suppose t m5 are mov$ ma9ly by _! passions r ?an _! int]e/s1 t all _! passions are presumably selfi% & de/ructive1 & t _! own int]e/s c seldom be adequately und]/ood by ! p]sons mo/ directly conc]n$4 ,h[ _m fallacies are involv$ 9 ?is gr\p ( propositions1 ! read] may well be left to judge = himself4 ,we h 9 ?is *apt] consid]$ "s ( ! limitations :i* are set by ! conditions ( society on ! duty ( try+ to realise our pr9ciples 9 action4 ,! g5]al conclusion is 9 p]fect h>mony ) t ( ! previ\s *apt]s4 ,a pr9ciple1 if x be s\nd1 repres5ts "o ( ! l>g] exp$i5cies4 ,to ab&on t = ! sake ( "s seem+ exp$i5cy ( ! h\r1 is to sacrifice ! great] good = ! less1 on no m cr$itable gr\nd ?an t ! less is ne>]4 ,x is bett] to wait1 & to def] ! realisation ( our ideas until we c realise !m fully1 ?an to defraud ! future by truncat+ !m1 if truncate !m we mu/1 9 ord] to secure a p>tial triumph = !m 9 ! imm$iate pres5t4 ,x is bett] to be> ! burd5 ( impracticabl5ess1 ?an to /ifle conviction & to p>e away pr9ciple until x becomes m holl[ness & triviality4 ,:at is ! s5se1 & :at is ! morality1 ( po/pon+ ! wid] utility to ! n>r[]8 ,no?+ is s sure to impov]i% an epo*1 to deprive conduct ( nobl5ess1 & "* ( elevation4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #bg3 ,! ,/udy ( ,sociology1 p4 #cif4 ,footnote #bh3 ,no "o1 = in/ance1 has giv5 m =cible or decisive expression ?an ,mr4 ,sp5c] has done to ! duty ( n passively accept+ ! curr5t !ology4 ,see 8 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 pt4 i4 *4 vi1 #cd2 p>agraph beg9n+1--',:oev] hesitates to utt] t :i* he ?9ks ! highe/ tru?1 le/ x %\ld be too mu* 9 advance ( ! "t1 may reassure himself by look+ at 8 acts f an imp]sonal po9t ( view1' etc4 ,footnote #bi3 ,spee* on ,conciliation ) ,am]ica4 ,footnote #cj3 ',t\te normit dans les esprits d'un c]ta9 ordre n'e/ s\v5t qu'une gr&e vue prise hors du temps et du lieu1 et ne g>dant aucun rapport rel avec les objets environnants4 ,le propre de c]ta9es prunelles ard5tes e/ de fran*ir du reg>d les int]valles et de les supprim]4 ,tantt c'e/ une ide qui ret>de de plusieurs sicles1 et que ces vig\reux esprits se figur5t encore prs5te et vivante2 tantt c'e/ une ide qui avance1 et qu'ils croi5t incont95t ralisable4 ,m4 de ,c\an tait a9si2 il voyait #ahad ds #ahjd1 et de l une supriorit2 mais il jugeait #ahad possible ds #ahjd ou #ahje1 et de l t\t un *imrique entassem5t4--,voil un po9t blanc l'horizon1 *acun jur]ait que c'e/ un nuage4 ,c'e/ une montagne1 dit le voyageur l'oeil d'aigle2 mais s'il aj\te3 ,n\s y arriv]ons ce soir1 dans deux heures2 si1 *aque heure de m>*e1 il crie avec emportem5t3 ,n\s y sommes1 et le veut dmontr]1 il *oque les vois9s avec sa p\tre1 et donne l'avantage aux yeux mo9s p]ants et plus habitus la pla9e4'--,/e4 ,beuve's ,volupt1 p4 #bfb ,footnote #ca3 ,x is sometimes conv5i5t to set famili> argum5ts d[n once m2 s ,i v5ture to repr9t 9 a note at ! end ( ! *apt] a %ort exposition ( ! doctr9e ( lib]ty1 :i* ,i _h occasion to make 9 consid]+ ,sir ,j4,f4 ,/eph5's vigor\s attack on t doctr9e4 ,footnote #cb3 ,mr4 ,samuel ,bailey's ,essays on ! ,=mation & ,publication ( ,op9ions1 etc41 p4 #ach1 7#ahbf47 ,footnote #cc3 ,!re is a s5se1 & a mo/ important s5se1 9 :i* lib]ty is a positive =ce4 ,x is its robu/ & brac+ influ5ce on "*1 :i* makes wise m5 prize fre$om & /rive = ! enl>gem5t ( its prov9ce4 ,z ,mr4 ,mill express$ ?is3--',x is ( importance n only :at m5 d1 b :at mann] ( m5 !y are t d x1' ,milton po9t$ to ! positive effect ( lib]ty on "* 9 ! foll[+ passage3--',!y are n skilful consid]]s ( human ?+s :o imag9e to remove s9 by remov+ ! matt] ( s94 ,?\gh ye take f a covet\s man 8 treasure1 he has yet "o jewel left2 ye _c b]eave him ( 8 covet\sness4 ,bani% all objects ( lu/1 %ut up all y\? into ! sev]e/ discipl9e t c be ex]cis$ 9 any h]mitage1 ye _c make !m *a/e t came n ?i!r s4 ,suppose we c\ld expel s9 by ?is means2 look h[ mu* we ?us expel ( s91 s mu* we expel ( virtue4 ,& 7 ,i ! *oos]1 a dram ( well-do+ %\ld be pref]r$ be=e _m times z mu* ! =cible h9drance ( evil-do+4 ,= ,god sure e/eems ! gr[? & complet+ ( "o virtu\s p]son1 m ?an ! re/ra9t ( t5 vici\s4' ,footnote #cd3 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1 no?+ 9 ?is p>agraph really inconsi/5t ) ,de ,tocqueville's well-kn[n & /rik+ *apt]1 ',comm5t les hommes de lettres dev9r5t les pr9cipaux hommes politiques du pays1 et des effets qui en rsultr5t4' 7,anci5 ,rgime1 iii4 i47 ,?us ,snac de ,meilhan writes 9 #agie2--';,c'e/ qu& la ,rvolution a t entame qu'on a *]* dans ,mably1 dans ,r\sseau1 des armes p\r su/5t] le sy/me v]s lequel entra9ait l'eff]vesc5ce de quelques esprits h>dis4 ,mais ce ne sont po9t les auteurs que j'ai cits qui ont enflamme les ttes2 ,m4 ,neck] seul a produit cet effet1 et dt]m9 l'explosion1' 444 ',les crits de ,voltaire ont c]ta9em5t nui la religion1 et branl la croyance dans un assez gr& nombre2 mais ils n'ont aucun rapport avec les affaires du g\v]nem5t1 et sont plus favorables que contraires la mon>*ie4444' ,( ,r\sseau's ,social ,contract3--',ce livre pr(ond et ab/rait tait peu lu1 et et5du de bi5 peu de g5s4' ,mably--'avait peu de vogue4' ,de ,g\v]nm5t1 etc41 en ,france1 p4 #abi1 etc4 ,,note ,,to ,,page #bdb4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,lib]ty4 ,mr4 ,mill's memorable plea = social lib]ty 0 little m ?an an enl>gem5t1 ?\gh a v important enl>gem5t1 ( ! pr9ciples ( ! /ill m fam\s ,spee* = ,lib]ty ( ,unlic5s$ ,pr9t+ ) :i* ,milton ennobl$ ,engli% lit]ature two c5turies be=e4 ,milton cont5d$ = free publication ( op9ion ma9ly on ^! gr\nds3 ,fir/1 t ! opposite sy/em impli$ ! 'grace ( infallibility & incorruptibl5ess' 9 ! lic5s]s4 ,second1 t ! prohibition ( bold books l$ to m5tal indol5ce & /agnant =malism bo? 9 tea*]s & congregations1 produc+ ! 'laz9ess ( a lic5s+ *ur*4' ,?ird1 t x 'h9d]s & ret>ds ! importation ( our ri*e/ m]*&ise1 tru?2' = ! commission ( ! lic5s] enjo9s him to let no?+ pass :i* is n vulg>ly receiv$ already1 & 'if x come to prohibit+1 !re is n aught m likely to be prohibit$ ?an tru? itself1 ^: fir/ appe>ance to our eyes1 ble>$ & dimm$ ) prejudice & cu/om1 is m unsightly & unplausible ?an _m errors1 ev5 z ! p]son is ( _m a great man slight & contemptible to see to4' ,f\r?1 t fre$om is 9 itself an +r$i5t ( true virtue1 & '!y are n skilful consid]]s ( human ?+s :o imag9e to remove s9 by remov+ ! matt] ( s92 t virtue !re=e1 :i* is b a y\ngl+ 9 ! contemplation ( evil1 & kn[s n ! utmo/ t vice promises to h] foll[]s1 & rejects x1 is b a blank virtue1 n a pure2 h] virtue is b an excrem5tal virtue1 :i* 0 ! reason :y our sage & s]i\s poet ,sp5s]1 :om ,i d>e be kn[n to ?9k a bett] tea*] ?an ,scotus or ,aqu9as1 describ+ true temp]ance "u ! =m ( ,guion1 br+s him 9 ) 8 palm] ?r\gh ! cave ( ,mammon & ! t[] ( e>?ly bliss1 t he might see & "k & yet ab/a94' ,! f\r gr\nds on :i* ,mr4 ,mill cont5ds = ! necessity ( fre$om 9 ! expression ( op9ion to ! m5tal wellbe+ ( mank9d1 are virtually conta9$ 9 ^!4 ,8 f\r gr\nds are1 7#a7 t ! sil5c$ op9ion may be true2 7#b7 x may conta9 a portion ( tru?1 ess5tial to supplem5t ! prevail+ op9ion2 7#c7 vigor\s conte/+ ( op9ions t are ev5 :olly true1 is ! only way ( prev5t+ !m f s9k+ to ! level ( uncompreh5d$ prejudices2 7#d7 )\t su* conte/+1 ! doctr9e w lose its vital effect on "* & conduct4 ,b ,milton drew ! l9e ( lib]ty at :at he calls 'neighb\r+ diff]5ces1 or r indiff]5ces4' ,! ,arm9ian controv]sy _h loos5$ ! bonds ) :i* ! newly lib]at$ *ur*es ( ! ,re=mation1 _h made ha/e to b9d !mselves aga91 & weak5$ t au?ority ( confessions1 :i* _h replac$ ! old] b n m intol]ant au?ority ( ! univ]sal *ur*4 ,o!r controv]sies :i* rag$ dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1--^? betwe5 ca?olics & prote/ants1 betwe5 prelati/s & presbyt]ians1 betwe5 soc9ians & tr9it>ians1 betwe5 latitud9>ians1 puritans1 & sacram5tali/s1--all t5d$ to weak5 !ological exclusiv5ess4 ,?is slack5+1 h[ev]1 0 no m ?an p>tial4 ,rog] ,williams1 inde$1 ! ,wel% f\nd] ( ,rhode ,isl&1 prea*$1 z e>ly z #afca1 ! pr9ciples ( an unlimit$ tol]ation1 ext5d+ to ca?olics1 ,jews1 & ev5 infidels4 ,milton /opp$ a long way %ort ( ?is4 ,he did n mean 'tol]at$ pop]y & op5 sup]/ition1 :i*1 z x extirpates all religi\s & civil supremacies1 s itself %\ld be extirpate1 provid$ fir/ t all *>itable & compassionate means be us$ to w9 & rega9 ! weak & ! misl$3 t also :i* is impi\s or evil absolutely ei!r aga9/ fai? or mann]s no law c possibly p]mit t int5ds n to unlaw itself4' ,locke1 writ+ five-&-=ty ye>s lat]1 some:at wid5$ ^! limitations4 ,8 "q 0 n m]ely :e!r !re %\ld be free expression ( op9ion1 b :e!r !re %\ld fur!rmore be fre$om ( wor%ip & ( religi\s union4 ,he answ]$ bo? que/ions affirmatively1--n on ! semi-sceptical gr\nd ( ,j]emy ,taylor1 :i* is also "o ( ! gr\nds tak5 by ,mr4 ,mill1 t we _c be sure t our own op9ion is ! true "o1--b on ! /r5g? ( 8 def9ition ( ! prov9ce ( ! civil magi/rate4 ,locke held t ! magi/rate's :ole jurisdiction rea*$ only to civil conc]nm5ts1 & t 'all civil p[]1 "r1 & dom9ion is b\nd$ to t only c>e ( promot+ ^! ?+s2 & t x nei!r c nor ought 9 any mann] to be ext5d$ to ! sav+ ( s\ls4 ,?is *iefly because ! p[] ( ! civil magi/rate consi/s only 9 outw>d =ce1 :ile true & sav+ religion consi/s 9 ! inw>d p]suasion ( ! m9d1 )\t :i* no?+ c be acceptable to ,god1 & su* is ! nature ( ! und]/&+ t x _c he compell$ to ! belief ( any?+ by outw>d =ce4444 ,x is only light & evid5ce t c "w a *ange 9 m5's op9ions2 & t light c 9 no mann] proce$ f corporal suff]+s1 or any o!r outw>d p5alties4' ',i may gr[ ri* by an art t ,i take n delight 92 ,i may be cur$ ( "s disease by rem$ies t ,i h n fai? 92 b ,i _c be sav$ by a religion t at ,i di/ru/ & a ritual t ,i abhor4' 7,fir/ ,lett] conc]n+ ,tol]ation47 ,& mu* m 9 ! same excell5t ve94 ,b ,locke fix$ limits to tol]ation4 #a4 ,no op9ions contr>y to human society1 or to ^? moral rules :i* are necess>y to ! pres]vation ( civil society1 are to be tol]at$ by ! magi/rate4 ,?us1 to take examples f our own day1 a cons]vative m9i/] w\ld ?9k himself "r on ?is pr9ciple 9 suppress+ ! ,l& & ,lab\r ,league2 a ca?olic m9i/] 9 dissolv+ ! ,education ,league2 & any m9i/] 9 mak+ m]e memb]%ip ( ! ,mormon sect a p5al (f5ce4 #b4 ,no tol]ance ought to be ext5d$ to '^? :o attribute unto ! fai?ful1 religi\s1 & or?odox1 t is 9 pla9 t]ms unto !mselves1 any peculi> privilege or p[] above o!r mortals1 9 civil conc]nm5ts2 or :o1 ^u pret5ce ( religion1 d *all5ge any mann] ( au?ority ov] su* z are n associat$ ) !m 9 _! ecclesia/ical communion4' ,z ,i h seldom he>d ( any sect1 except ! ,fri5ds1 :o did n *all5ge z mu* au?ority z x c\ld possibly get ov] p]sons n associat$ ) x1 ?is w\ld am\nt to a univ]sal proscription ( religion2 b ,locke's pr9ciple might at any rate be invok$ aga9/ ,ultra-montanism 9 "s circum/ances4 #c4 ,^? are n at all to be tol]at$ :o d5y ! be+ ( ,god4 ,! tak+ away ( ,god1 ?\gh b ev5 9 ?\ght1 dissolves all society2 & promises1 cov5ants1 & oa?s1 :i* are ! bonds ( human society1 h no hold on su*4 ,?us ! police ought to close ,mr4 ,bradlaugh's ,hall ( ,sci5ce1 & p]haps on "s occasions ! ,positivi/ ,s*ool4 ,locke's pr9ciples dep5d$ on a di/9ction betwe5 civil conc]nm5ts1 :i* he tries to def9e1 & all o!r conc]nm5ts4 ,w>burton's argum5ts on ! alliance betwe5 *ur* & /ate turn$ on ! same po9t1 z did ! once-fam\s ,bangorian controv]sy4 ,?is di/9ction w\ld fit into ,mr4 ,mill's c>d9al position1 :i* consi/s 9 a di/9ction betwe5 ! ?+s t only affect ! do] or ?9k] ( !m1 & ! ?+s t affect o!r p]sons z well4 ,locke's attempt to divide civil affairs f affairs ( salvation1 0 satisfactory en\gh = ! comp>atively n>r[ object ) :i* he op5$ 8 discussion4 ,mr4 ,mill's acc\nt ( civil affairs is bo? wid] & m def9ite2 naturally s1 z he _h to ma9ta9 ! cause ( tol]ance 9 a mu* m complex set ( social conditions1 & amid a f> great] div]sity ( speculative en]gy1 ?an any "o dream$ ( 9 ,locke's "t4 ,mr4 ,mill limits ! prov9ce ( ! civil magi/rate to ! repression ( acts t directly & imm$iately injure o!rs ?an ! do] ( !m4 ,s long z acts1 includ+ ! expression ( op9ions1 are purely self-reg>d+1 x seems to him exp$i5t 9 ! long run t !y %\ld n be int]f]$ ) by ! magi/rate4 ,he goes mu* fur!r ?an ?is4 ,self-reg>d+ acts %\ld n be int]f]$ ) by ! magi/rate4 ,n only self-reg>d+ acts1 b all op9ions :atev]1 %\ld1 moreov]1 be z little int]f]$ ) z possible by public op9ion1 except 9 ! way ( vigor\s argum5tation & e>ne/ p]suasion 9 a contr>y direction2 ! sil5t b mo/ impressive solicitation ( virtu\s example2 ! wise & c>eful upbr++ ( ! "y1 s t :5 !y ent] life !y may be mo/ nobly fitt$ to *oose ! "r op9ions & obey ! "r motives4 ,! consid]ation by :i* he supports ?is rigor\s conf9em5t ( ext]nal int]f]5ce on ! "p ( gov]nm5t1 or ! unorganis$ memb]s ( ! community ^: op9ion is call$ public op9ion1 to cases ( self-protection1 are ^!1 "s ( :i* h be5 already /at$3-- #a4 ,by int]f]+ to suppress op9ions or exp]im5ts 9 liv+1 y may resi/ tru?s & improvem5ts 9 a great] or less degree4 #b4 ,con/ant discussion is ! only c]ta9 means ( pres]v+ ! fre%ness ( tru? 9 m5's m9ds1 & ! vitality ( its influ5ce ^u _! conduct & motives4 #c4 ,individuality is "o ( ! mo/ valuable elem5ts ( wellbe+1 & y c only be sure ( mak+ ! mo/ ( individuality1 if y h an atmosph]e ( fre$om1 enc\rag+ free developm5t & expansion4 #d4 ,habitual resort to repressive means ( influ5c+ conduct t5ds m ?an any?+ else to discr$it & fru/rate ! bett] means1 su* z education1 good example1 & ! l4 7,lib]ty1 #adh47 ,! pr9ciple :i* he d$uces f ^! consid]ations is--'t ! sole end = :i* mank9d are w>rant$1 individually or collectively1 9 int]f]+ ) ! lib]ty ( action ( any ( _! numb] is self-protection2 ! only purpose = :i* p[] c be rightfully ex]cis$ ov] any memb] ( a civilis$ community1 is to prev5t h>m to o!rs4 ,8 own good1 ei!r physical or moral1 is n a suffici5t w>rant4 ,he _c be rightfully compell$ to d or =be> because x w make him happi]1 because 9 ! op9ion ( o!rs to d s w\ld be wise or ev5 "r4 ,^! are good reasons = remon/rat+ ) him1 or reason+ ) him1 or p]suad+ him1 or entreat+ him1 b n = compell+ him1 or visit+ him ) any evil 9 case he d o!rwise4 ,to ju/ify t1 ! conduct f :i* x is desir$ to det] him mu/ be calculat$ to produce evil to o!rs4' 7,lib]ty1 #bb47 ,two disputable po9ts 9 ! above doctr9e are likely at once to reveal !mselves to ! lea/ critical eye4 ,fir/1 t doctr9e w\ld seem to *eck ! free expression ( disapproval2 "o ( ! mo/ :olesome & indisp5sable duties :i* anybody ) int]e/ 9 s]i\s que/ions has to p]=m1 & ! non-p]=mance ( :i* w\ld remove ! mo/ prop] & natural p5alty f frivol\s or p]v]se op9ions & obnoxi\s conduct4 ,mr4 ,mill deals ) ?is difficulty z foll[s3--',we h a "r 9 v>i\s ways to act ^u our unfav\rable op9ion ( any "o1 n to ! oppression ( 8 individuality1 b 9 ! ex]cise ( ours4 ,we are n b\nd1 = example1 to seek 8 society2 we h a "r to avoid x 7?\gh n to p>ade ! avoidance7 = we h a "r to *oose ! society mo/ acceptable to u4 ,we h a "r1 & x may be our duty1 to caution o!rs aga9/ him1 if we ?9k 8 example or conv]sation likely to h a p]nici\s effect on ^? ) :om he associates4 ,we may give o!rs a pref]5ce ov] him 9 optional good (fices1 except ^? :i* t5d to 8 improvem5t4 ,9 ^! v>i\s modes a p]son may suff] v sev]e p5alties at ! h&s ( o!rs = faults :i* directly conc]n only himself2 b he suff]s ^! p5alties only 9 s f> z !y are ! natural1 & z x 7 ! spontane\s1 consequ5ces ( ! faults !mselves1 n because !y are purposely inflict$ on him = ! sake ( puni%m5t4' 7,lib]ty1 #aci47 ,?is appe>s to be a satisfactory way ( meet+ ! objection4 ,= ?\gh ! p5alties ( disapproval may be j ! same1 :e!r delib]ately inflict$1 or naturally & spontane\sly fall+ on ! object ( su* disapproval1 yet !re is a v intelligible diff]5ce betwe5 ! two processes 9 _! effect on ! two p>ties conc]n$4 ,a p]son imbu$ ) ,mr4 ,mill's pr9ciple w\ld feel ! responsibility ( c5sor%ip mu* m s]i\sly2 w\ld reflect m c>efully & c&idly ab\t ! conduct or op9ion ( :i* he ?\ght ill2 w\ld be m on 8 gu>d aga9/ ph>isaic c5sori\sness1 & t desire to be ev] judg+ "o ano!r1 :i* ,milton well call$ ! /ronghold ( our hypocrisy4 ,! disapproval ( su* a p]son w\ld h an au/]e col\r1 a gravity1 a self-respect+ res]ve1 :i* c\ld nev] belong to an equal degree ( disapproval 9 a p]son :o _h />t$ f ! (fici\s pr9ciple1 t if we are sure we are "r1 x is /raightway our bus9ess to make ! p]son :om we ?9k wrong sm>t = 8 error4 ,& 9 ! same way su* disapproval w\ld be mu* m impressive to ! p]son :om x affect$4 ,if x 0 ju/ifi$1 he w\ld be l a fr[>d *ild :o is always less effectively re=m$--if re=mable at all--by angry *id+s & passionate puni%m5ts ?an by ! sight ( a cool & au/]e displeasure :i* lets him p]si/ 9 8 fr[>dness if he *ooses4 ,! second weak po9t 9 ! doctr9e lies 9 ! extreme vagu5ess ( ! t]ms1 protective & self-reg>d+4 ,! practical difficulty beg9s ) ! def9ition ( ^! t]ms4 ,c any op9ion1 or any s]i\s "p ( conduct1 be look$ ^u z truly & exclusively self-reg>d+8 ,?is c5tral +r$i5t 9 ! discussion seems insuffici5tly lab\r$ 9 ! essay on ,lib]ty4 ,yet x is "h m ?an any:]e else t controv]sy is ne$$ to cle> up :at is 9 j z mu* ne$ ( elucidation1 :atev] view we may take ( ! inh]5t virtue ( fre$om--:e!r we look on fre$om z a m]e negation1 or z "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful positive conditions ( atta9+ ! highe/ k9d ( human excell5ce4 ,to "s p]sons ! analysis ( conduct1 on :i* ! :ole doctr9e ( lib]ty re/s1 seems metaphysical & arbitr>y4 ,!y are reluctant to admit !re are any self-reg>d+ acts at all4 ,?is reluctance implies a p]fectly t5able proposition1 a proposition :i* has be5 ma9ta9$ by ne>ly all religi\s bodies 9 ! _w's hi/ory 9 _! non-latitud9>ian /ages4 ,to di/+ui% ! self-reg>d+ f ! o!r p>ts ( conduct1 /rikes !m n only z unsci5tific1 b z morally & socially mis*iev\s4 ,!y insi/ t !re is a social z well z a p]sonal elem5t 9 e human act1 ?\gh 9 v diff]5t proportions4 ,!re is no ga91 !y cont5d1 & !re may be mu* h>m1 9 try+ to m>k (f actions1 9 :i* ! p]sonal elem5t decisively prepond]ates1 f actions ( ano!r sort4 ,mr4 ,mill did s di/+ui% actions1 nor 0 8 di/9ction ei!r metaphysical or arbitr>y 9 its s\rce4 ,z a matt] ( obs]vation1 & = ! practical purposes ( morality1 !re are k9ds ( action ^: consequ5ces d n g beyond ! do] ( !m4 ,no d\bt1 y may say t by engag+ 9 ^! k9ds 9 any giv5 mom5t1 ! do] is neglect+ ! actions 9 :i* ! social elem5t prepond]ates1 & !re=e ev5 acts t seem purely self-reg>d+ h indirect & negative consequ5ces to ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,b to all[ consid]ations ( ?is sort to prev5t u f us+ a common-s5se classification ( acts by ! proportion ( ! p]sonal elem5t 9 !m1 is z unreasonable z if we all[$ ! doctr9e ( ! cons]vation ( physical =ce1 or ! evolution ( "o mode ( =ce into ano!r1 to prev5t u f classify+ ! affections ( matt] indep5d5tly1 z light1 heat1 motion1 & ! re/4 ,!re is "o objection obvi\sly to be made to mo/ ( ! illu/rations :i* are design$ to %[ ! public elem5t 9 all private conduct4 ,! connection betwe5 ! act & its influ5ce on o!rs is s remote 7us+ ! ^w 9 a legal s5se71 ?\gh q c]ta91 di/9ct1 & traceable1 t y c only take ! act out ( ! self-reg>d+ category1 by a process :i* virtually d5ies ! exi/5ce ( any su* category4 ,y mu/ set a limit to ?is 'indirect & at-a-di/ance argum5t1' z ,locke call$ a simil> plea1 & ! sett+ ( ?is limit is ! natural supplem5t to ,mr4 ,mill's 'simple pr9ciple4' ,! division betwe5 self-reg>d+ acts & o!rs !n1 re/s on obs]vation ( _! actual consequ5ces4 ,& :y 0 ,mr4 ,mill s anxi\s to erect self-reg>d+ acts into a di/9ct & important class1 s important z to be c>efully & dilig5tly secur$ by a special pr9ciple ( lib]ty8 ,because obs]vation ( ! record$ exp]i5ce ( mank9d tea*es u1 t ! recognition ( ?is indep5d5t provision is ess5tial to ! ri*e/ expansion ( human faculty4 ,to n>r[ or to repudiate su* a prov9ce1 & to insi/ exclusively on ! social be>+ ( ea* "p ( conduct1 is to limit ! play ( motives1 & to ?w>t ! doctr9e t 'mank9d obta9 a great] sum ( happ9ess :5 ea* pursues 8 own1 "u ! rules & conditions requir$ by ! re/1 ?an :5 ea* makes ! good ( ! re/ 8 only object4' ,to n>r[ or to repudiate su* a prov9ce is to tight5 ! p[] ( ! majority ov] ! m9ority1 & to augm5t ! au?ority ( :atev] sac]dotal or legislative body may repres5t ! majority4 ,:e!r ! lawmak]s be laym5 9 p>liam5t1 or prie/s ( humanity ex]cis+ ! spiritual p[]1 x matt]s n4 ,we may be/ e/imate ! wor? & ! significance ( ! doctr9e ( ,lib]ty by consid]+ ! l9e ( ?\ght & obs]vation :i* l$ to x4 ,to beg9 )1 x is 9 ,mr4 ,mill's h&s some?+ q diff]5t f ! same doctr9e z prea*$ by ! ,fr5* revolution>y s*ool2 inde$ "o might ev5 call x reaction>y1 9 respect ( ! ,fr5* !ory ( a hundr$ ye>s back4 ,x reposes on no pr9ciple ( ab/ract "r1 b1 l ! re/ ( its au?or's op9ions1 on pr9ciples ( utility & exp]i5ce4 ,dr4 ,arnold us$ to divide re=m]s into two classes1 popul> & lib]al4 ,! fir/ he def9$ z seek]s ( lib]ty1 ! second z seek]s ( improvem5t2 ! fir/ 7 ! goats1 & ! second 7 ! %eep4 ,mr4 ,mill's doctr9e d5i$ ! mutual exclusiv5ess ( ! two p>ts ( ?is classification1 = x made improvem5t ! end & ! te/1 :ile x proclaim$ lib]ty to be ! means4 ,e ?9k] n[ p]ceives t ! /ronge/ & mo/ durable influ5ces 9 e we/]n society lead 9 ! direction ( democracy1 & t5d ) m or less rapidity to ?r[ ! control ( social organisation into ! h&s ( num]ical majorities4 ,!re are _m p :o believe t if y only make ! rul+ body big en\gh1 x is sure to be ei!r v wise itself1 or v eag] to *oose wise lead]s4 ,mr4 ,mill1 z any "o :o is famili> ) 8 writ+s is well aw>e1 did n hold ?is op9ion4 ,he _h no m p>tiality = mob rule ?an ,de ,mai/re or ,goe! or ,mr4 ,c>lyle4 ,he saw its evils m cle>ly ?an any ( ^! em95t m51 because he _h a m sci5tific eye1 & because he _h _h ! invaluable tra9+ ( a political adm9i/rator on a l>ge scale1 & 9 a v responsible po/4 ,b he did n cont5t himself ) see+ ^! evils1 & he wa/$ no en]gy 9 passionate d5unciation ( !m1 :i* he knew mu/ prove futile4 ,guizot said ( ,de ,tocqueville1 t he 0 an ari/ocrat :o accept$ 8 defeat4 ,mr4 ,mill 0 too p5etrat$ by popul> sympa?ies to be an ari/ocrat 9 ,de ,tocqueville's s5se1 b he likewise 0 full ( ideas & hopes :i* ! un*eck$ or undirect$ c\rse ( democracy w\ld defeat )\t *ance ( rep>ation4 ,?is fact he accept$1 & f ?is he />t$4 ,mr4 ,c>lyle1 & "o or two rhetorical imitators1 p\r$ mal$iction on ! _m-head$ populace1 & ) a r pitiful impati5ce insi/$ t ! only hope = m5 lay 9 _! f9d+ & obey+ a /rong man1 a k+1 a h]o1 a dictator4 ,h[ he 0 to be f\nd1 nei!r ! ma/] nor 8 /ill angri] & m impati5t mimics c\ld ev] tell u4 ,n[ ,mr4 ,mill's doctr9e laid d[n ! ma9 condition ( f9d+ y\r h]o2 namely1 t all ways %\ld be left op5 to him1 because no man1 nor majority ( m51 c\ld possibly tell by :i* ( ^! ways _! deliv]]s 7 f "t to "t de/9$ to pres5t !mselves4 ,wits h c>icatur$ all ?is1 by ask+ u :e!r by enc\rag+ ! t>es to gr[1 y give ! :eat a bett] *ance4 ,?is is z mislead+ z su* metaphors usually are4 ,! doctr9e ( lib]ty re/s on a fai? drawn f ! obs]vation ( human progress1 t ?\gh we "k :eat to be s]viceable & t>es to be wor?less1 yet !re are 9 ! great se$-plot ( human nature a ?\s& rudim5t>y g]ms1 n :eat & n t>es1 ( ^: prop]ties we h n _h a fair opportunity ( assur+ ourselves4 ,if y are too eag] to pluck up ! t>es1 y are v likely to pluck up ) !m ^! untri$ possibilities ( human excell5ce1 & y are1 moreov]1 v likely to injure ! gr[+ :eat z well4 ,! demon/ration ( ?is lies 9 ! record$ exp]i5ce ( mank9d4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,mr4 ,mill's doctr9e does n l5d ! lea/ c\nt5ance to ! c>d9al op9ion ( "s writ]s 9 ! la/ c5tury1 t ! only ne$ ( human "* & ( social in/itutions is to be let alone4 ,he nev] said t we 7 to leave ! gr\nd uncultivat$1 to br+ up :atev] might *ance to gr[4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! gr\nd 0 to be cultivat$ ) ! utmo/ c>e & k1 ) a view to prev5t ! gr[? ( t>es--b cultivat$ 9 a c]ta9 mann]4 ,y may take ! me?od ( ! ,inquisition1 ( ! m cruel ( ! ,puritans1 ( ,de ,mai/re1 ( ,mr4 ,c>lyle2 or y may take ,mr4 ,mill's me?od ( cultivation4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,lib]ty1 we are to devote ourselves to prev5tion1 z ! sure/ & mo/ :olesome mode ( extirpation4 ,p]suade2 argue2 *]i% virtu\s example2 br+ up ! "y 9 habits ( "r op9ion & "r motive2 %ape y\r social arrangem5ts s z to /imulate ! be/ p>ts ( "*4 ,by ^! means y w ga9 all ! advantages t c\ld possibly h come ( h]oes & legislative dragoon+1 z well z a great _m m :i* nei!r h]oes nor legislative dragoon+ c\ld ev] h secur$4 ,x is well ) m51 ,mr4 ,mill said1 moreov]1 9 proportion z !y respect tru?4 ,n[ !y at once prove & /r5g!n _! respect = tru?1 by hav+ an op5 m9d to all its possibilities1 :ile at ! same "t !y hold firmly to _! own prov$ convictions1 until !y he> bett] evid5ce to ! contr>y4 ,!re is no an>*y1 nor unc]ta9ty1 nor p>alys+ air ( provisionalness 9 su* a frame ( m9d4 ,s f> is x f be+ fatal to loyalty or rev]5ce1 t x is an indisp5sable "p ( ! gr\ndwork ( ! only loyalty t a wise rul] or tea*] w\ld c>e to inspire--! loyalty spr++ f a rational conviction t1 9 a field op5 to all com]s1 he is ! be/ man !y c f9d4 ,only on condition ( lib]ty )\t limit is ! able/ & mo/ helpful ( 'h]oes' sure to be f\nd2 & only on condition ( lib]ty )\t limit are 8 foll[]s sure to be wor?y ( him4 ,y mu/ h au?ority1 & yet mu/ h ob$i5ce4 ,! noble/ & deepe/ & mo/ b5efic5t k9d ( au?ority is t :i* re/s on an ob$i5ce t is rational & spontane\s4 ,! same futile impati5ce :i* animates ! political utt]ances ( ,mr4 ,c>lyle & 8 m weak-voic$ imitators1 takes ano!r =m 9 m5 ( a diff]5t tra9+ or temp]am5t4 ,!y insi/ t if ! majority has ! means ( prev5t+ vice by law1 x is folly & weakness n to resort to ^? means4 ,! sup]ficial attractiv5ess ( su* a doctr9e is obvi\s4 ,! doctr9e ( lib]ty implies a broad] & a m pati5t view4 ,x says3--,ev5 if y c\ld be sure t :at y take = vice is s--& ! hi/ory ( p]secution %[s h[ c>eful y %\ld be 9 ?is prelim9>y po9t--ev5 !n x is an und\bt$ &1 inde$1 a necess>y t5d5cy ( ?is facile repressive legislation1 to make ^? :o resort to x neglect ! m effective1 humane1 & durable k9ds ( prev5tive legislation4 ,y pass a law 7if y c7 putt+ d[n drunk5ness2 !re is a neatness 9 su* a me?od v attractive to f]vid & impati5t natures4 ,w\ld y n h done bett] to leave t law unpass$1 & apply y\rselves s$ul\sly in/ead to ! improvem5t ( ! dwell+s ( ! m drunk5 class1 to ! provision ( amusem5ts t might compete ) ! ale-h\se1 to ! ext5sion & elevation ( in/ruction1 & s on8 ,y may say t ?is %\ld be done1 & yet ! o!r %\ld n be left undone2 b1 z matt] ( fact & hi/ory1 ! do+ ( ! "o has always gone ) ! neglect ( ! o!r1 & ascetic law-mak+ 9 ! int]e/s ( virtue has nev] be5 accompani$ ei!r by law-mak+ or any o!r k9ds ( activity = mak+ virtue easi] or m attractive4 ,x is ! recognition h[ little puni%m5t c d1 t leaves m5 free to see h[ mu* social prev5tion c d4 ,i believe1 !n1 t :at seems to ! crim9al lawy]s & passionate philan?ropi/s self-evid5t1 is 9 tru? an illusion1 spr++ f a v %all[ k9d ( impati5ce1 heat$ 9 "s ( !m by ! addition ( a cynical contempt = human nature & ! wor? ( human exi/5ce4 ,if p believe t ! book ( social or moral k is n[ complet$1 t we h turn$ ov] ! la/ page & he>d ! la/ ^w1 mu* ( ! f\ndation ( ,mr4 ,mill's doctr9e w\ld disappe>4 ,b ^? :o hold ?is c h>dly h mu* to congratulate !mselves ^u4 ,if x 7 s1 & if gov]nm5ts 7 to accept ! pr9ciple t ! only limits to ! en=cem5t ( ! moral /&>d ( ! majority are ! n>r[ exp$i5cies ( ea* special case1 )\t ref]5ce to any deep & compreh5sive pr9ciple cov]+ all ! l>ge/ consid]ations1 :y1 !n1 ! society to :i* we ought to look ) mo/ admiration & envy1 is ! ,ea/]n ,empire dur+ ! n9? & t5? c5turies1 :5 ! ,byzant9e sy/em ( a ?or\gh subord9ation ( ! spiritual p[] _h fully consolidat$ itself6