file which includes the original illustration4 ,see #aadhg-;h4htm or #aadhg-;h4zip3 7http3_/_/www4ibiblio4org_/gutenberg_/#a _/a_/d_/h_/aadhg_/aadhg-;h_/#aadhg-;h4ht m7 or 7http3_/_/www4ibiblio4org_/gutenberg_/#a _/a_/d_/h_/aadhg_/aadhg-;h4zip7 ,,the ,,mirror ,,of ,,literature1 ,,amusement1 ,,and ,,instruction4 ,,vol4 #ac1 ,,no4 #cga4 ,,saturday1 ,,may #bc1 #ahbi4 ,,price #b;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,fortune ,,playhouse4 ,illustration3 ,the ,fortune ,playhouse4 ,the ,engraving represents one of the playhouses of ,shakspeare's time1 as the premises appeared a few years since4 ,this theatre was in ,golden ,lane1 ,barbican1 and was built by that celebrated and benevolent actor ,edward ,alleyn1 the pious founder of ,dulwich ,college1 in #aeii4 ,it was burnt in #afbd1 but rebuilt in #afbi4 ,a story is told of a large treasure being found in digging for the foundation1 and it is probable that the whole sum fell to ,alleyn4 ,upon equal probability1 is the derivation of the name ,the ,fortune4 ,the theatre was a spacious brick building1 and exhibited the royal arms in plaster on its front4 ,these are retained in the ,engraving2 where the disposal of the lower part on the building into shops1 c4 is a sorry picture of the base purposes to which a temple of the ,drama has been converted4 ,according to the testimony of ,ben ,jonson and others1 ,alleyn was the first actor of his time1 and of course played leading characters in the plays of ,shakspeare and ,jonson4 ,he was probably the ,kemble of his day1 for his biographers tell us such was his celebrity1 that he drew crowds of spectators after him wherever he performed2 so that possessing some private patrimony1 with a careful and provident disposition1 he soon became master of an establishment of his own--and this was the ,fortune4 ,although ,alleyn left behind him a large sum1 it is hardly probable that he made it here2 for in his diary1 which1 we believe is extant1 he records that he once had so slender an audience1 that the whole receipts of the house amounted to no more than three pounds and a few odd shillings--a sum which would not pay the expenses2 for it appears by the ,,ms4 of ,lord ,stanhope1 treasurer to ,james ,i4 that the customary sum paid for the performance of a play at court1 was #bj nobles1 or #fl4 #abs4 #d;d4#a ,alleyn was likewise proprietor of the ,blackfriars' ,theatre1 near what is still called ,playhouse ,yard4 ,however he might have gathered laurels on the stage1 he must have gained his fortune by other means4 ,he was keeper of the ,king's ,bear ,garden and ,menagerie1 which were frequented by thousands1 and produced ,alleyn1 the then great sum of #ejjl4 per annum4 ,he was also thrice married1 and received portions with his two first wives2 and we need not insist upon the turn which matrimony gives to a man's fortune4 #a ,the nightly expenses of ,drury ,lane and ,covent ,garden ,theatres in these days1 are upwards of #bjjl4 ,among the theatrico-antiquarian gossip of ,the ,fortune is1 that it was once the nursery for ,henry ,,viii4's children--but no scandal about the--we hope4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fine ,,arts 99 99 99 99 99 ,,exhibition ,,of ,,the ,,royal ,,academy4 ,all men are critics1 in a greater or less degree4 ,they can generalize upon the merits and defects of a picture1 although they cannot point out the details of the defects1 or in what the beauty of a picture consists2 and to prove this1 only let the reader visit the ,exhibition at ,somerset ,house1 and watch the little critical coteries that collect round the most attractive paintings4 ,could all these criticisms be embodied1 but in terms of art1 what a fine lecture would they make for the ,royal ,academy4 ,our discursive notice would1 probably1 contribute but little to this joint-stock production2 but as even comparing notes is not always unprofitable1 we venture to give our own4 ,the present ,exhibition is much superior to that of last year4 ,there are more works of imagination1 and consequently greater attractions for the lover of painting2 for life-breathing as have been many of the portraits in recent exhibitions1 the interest which they created was of quite a different nature to that which we take in not a few of the pictures of the present collection4 ,portraits still superabound1 and finely painted portraits too2 but1 strange to say1 there are fewer female portraits in the present than in any recent exhibition4 ,but the elite are seven pictures by ,mr4 ,wilkie1 who has reappeared1 as it were1 in ,british art1 after an absence from ,england2 during which he appears to have studied manners and costume with beautiful effect2 and the paintings to which we allude1 are triumphant proofs of his success4 ,they are embodiments or realizations of character1 manners1 and scenery1 with which the painter has been wont to mix1 and thus to transfer them to his canvass with vividness and fidelity--merits of the highest order in all successes of art4 ,we shall touch upon these pictures in our ramble through the rooms-- #d4 ,subject from the ,revelations4--,f4 ,danby--,a sublime composition4 #aj4 ,the ,fountain3 morning4--,a4,w4 ,callcott4 ,a delightful picture4 #ad4 ,rubens and the ,philosopher4--,g4 ,clint4 ,the anecdote of ,rubens and ,brondel1 the alchemist1 remarkably well told4 #af4 ,benaiah4--,w4 ,etty--,the line in #b ,samuel xxiii4 #bj41 he slew two lion-like men of ,moab1 has furnished ,mr4 ,etty with the subject of this picture4 ,it is a surprising rather than a pleasing composition2 but the strength of colouring is very extraordinary4 ,the disproportions of parts of the principal figure will1 however1 be recognised by the most casual beholder3 although as a fine display of muscular energy1 this picture is truly valuable1 and is a proud specimen of the powerful genius of the painter4 #bh4 ,waterfall near ,vatlagunta1 in the peninsula of ,india1 in the mountains that divide the ,coasts of ,coromandel and ,malabar3 its height between #ejj and #fjj feet4--,w4 ,daniell4--,the sublime and stupendous character of the scenery will enable the reader to form some idea of the difficulty with which the artist had to contend4 #dc4 ,the ,lady in ,st4 ,swithin's ,chair from vol4 i4 ,waverley4--,sir ,w4 ,beechey4--,we confess ourselves far from pleased with this picture4 ,there is a want of freedom in it which is any thing but characteristic of the incident which it is intended to portray4 #ef4 ,the ,spanish ,posado4--,d4 ,wilkie4--,we must describe this picture in the words of the catalogue3-- ,this represents a ,guerrilla council of war1 at which three reverend fathers--a ,dominican1 a monk of the ,escurial1 and a ,jesuit1 are deliberating on some expedient of national defence1 with an emissary in the costume of ,valencia4 ,behind them is the posadera1 or landlady1 serving her guests with chocolate1 and the begging student of ,salamanca1 with his lexicon and cigar1 making love to her4 ,on the right of the picture1 a contrabandist of ,bilboa enters1 upon his mule1 and in front of him is an athletic ,castilian armed1 and a minstrel dwarf1 with a ,spanish guitar4 ,on the floor are seated the goatherd and his sister1 with the muzzled house-dog and pet lamb of the family1 and through the open portal in the background is a distant view of the ,guadarama mountains--,it is next to impossible for us to do justice to the diversified character of this picture4 ,the deliberation of the fathers1 and the little bit of episode between the landlady and student are extremely interesting4 7,to be continued47 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spittle-,,fields1 ,,and ,,weaving ,,in ,,former ,,days4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,stowe says1 ,on the east side of the churchyard of ,st4 ,mary ,spittle1 lyeth a large field1 of old time called ,lolesworth1 now ,spittle-,field1 which about the year #aegf1 was broken up for clay to make bricke2 in digging thereof many earthen pots called urnae1 were found full of ashes and the bones of men1 to wit of the ,romans that inhabited here4 ,for it was the custom of the ,romans to burne their dead1 to put their ashes in an urne1 and then bury the same with certain ceremonies1 in some field appointed for the purpose neere unto their city4 ,every one of these pots had in them 7with the ashes of the dead7 one piece of copper money1 with an inscription of the emperor then reigning4 ,some of them were of ,claudius1 some of ,vespasian1 some of ,nero1 c4 ,there hath also been found 7in the same field7 divers coffins of stone1 containing the bones of men2 these ,i suppose to be the bones of some speciall persons1 in the time of the ,brittons1 or ,saxons1 after that the ,romans had left to govern here4 ,the priory and hospital of ,st4 ,mary ,spittle1 was founded 7says ,pennant7 in #aaig1 by ,walter ,brune1 ,sheriff of ,london1 and his wife1 ,rosia1 for canons regular of the order of ,st4 ,augustine4 ,it was remarkable for its pulpit cross1 at which a preacher used to preach a sermon consolidated out of four others1 which had been preached at ,st4 ,paul's ,cross1 on ,good ,friday1 and the ,monday1 ,tuesday1 and ,wednesday in ,easter week2 giving afterwards a sermon of his own4 ,at these sermons the mayor and aldermen attended1 dressed in different coloured robes on each occasion4 ,this custom continued till the destruction of church government in the civil wars4 ,they have since been transferred to ,st4 ,bride's ,church4 ,queen ,elizabeth1 in ,april1 #aeei1 visited ,st4 ,mary ,spittal1 in great state1 probably to hear a sermon delivered from the cross4 ,this princess was attended by a thousand men in harness with shirts of mail and corslets1 and morice pikes1 and ten great pieces carried through ,london unto the court1 with drums and trumpets sounding1 and two morice-dancers1 and in a cart two white bears4 ,the priory of ,st4 ,mary1 of ,st4 ,mary ,spittle1 contained at its dissolution1 about the year #aecf1 no less than #ahj beds for the reception of sick persons and travellers4 ,richard ,tarleton1 the famous comedian1 at the ,curtain ,theatre1 it is said1 kept an ordinary in ,spittle-fields1 pleasant fields for the citizens to walk in2 and the row called ,paternoster ,row1 as the name implies1 was formerly a few houses1 where they sold rosaries1 relics1 c4 ,the once celebrated herbalist and astrologer1 ,nicholas ,culpepper1 was another inhabitant of this spot4 ,he died in #afed1 in a house he had some time occupied1 very pleasantly situated in the fields2 but now a public house at the corner of ,red ,lion ,court1 ,red ,lion ,street1 east of ,spittlefields market4 ,the house1 though it has undergone several repairs1 still exhibits the appearance of one of those that formed a part of old ,london4 ,the weaving art1 which has arrived at such an astonishing perfection1 was patronized by the wise and liberal ,edward ,,iii41 who encouraged the art by the most advantageous offers of reward and encouragement to weavers who would come and settle in ,england4 ,in #acca1 two weavers came from ,brabant and settled at ,york4 ,the superior skill and dexterity of these men1 who communicated their knowledge to others1 soon manifested itself in the improvement and spread of the art of weaving in this island4 ,many ,flemish weavers were driven from their native country by the cruel persecutions of the ,duke d',alva1 in #aefg4 ,they settled in different parts of ,england1 and introduced and promoted the manufacture of baizes1 serges1 crapes1 c4 ,the arts of spinning1 throwing1 and weaving silk1 were brought into ,england about the middle of the fifteenth century1 and were practised by a company of women in ,london1 called silk women4 ,about #adhj1 men began to engage in the silk manufacture1 and in the year #afhf1 nearly #ej1jjj manufacturers1 of various descriptions1 took refuge in ,england1 in consequence of the revocation of the ,edict of ,nantz1 by ,louis le ,grand1 who sent thousands 7says ,pennant7 of the most industrious of his subjects into this kingdom to present his bitterest enemies with the arts and manufactures of his kingdom2 hence the origin of the silk trade in ,spittlefields4 ,p4,t4,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,bird ,,of ,,the ,,tomb4 ,,by ,,leigh ,,cliffe4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,in ,lyon's attempt to reach ,repulse ,bay1 the following passage1 which suggested these verses1 may be met with4 ,near the large grave was a third pile of stones1 covering the body of a child4 ,a ,snow-,buntin 7the ,red-,breast of the ,arctic ,regions7 had found its way through the loose stones which composed this little tomb1 and its now forsaken1 neatly built nest1 was found placed on the neck of the child4 ,beneath the chilly ,arctic clime1 ,where ,nature reigns severe1 sublime1 ,enthron'd upon eternal snows1 ,or rides the waves on icy floes-- ,where fierce tremendous tempests sweep ,the bosom of the rolling deep1 ,and beating rain1 and drifting hail ,swell the wild fury of the gale2 ,there is a little1 humble tomb1 ,not deckt with sculpture's pageant pride1 ,nor labour'd verse to tell by whom ,the habitant was lov'd who died6 ,no trophied 'scutcheon marks the grave-- ,no blazon'd banners round it wave-- ',tis but a simple pile of stones ,rais'd o'er a hapless infant's bones2 ,perchance a mother's tears have dew'd ,this sepulchre1 so frail and rude2-- ,a father mourn'd in accents wild1 ,his offspring lost--his only child-- ,who might1 in after years1 have spread ,a ray of honour round his head1 ,nor thought1 as stone on stone he threw1 ,his child would meet a stranger's view4 ,but1 lo6 upon its clay-cold breast1 ,the ,arctic ,robin rais'd its nest1 ,and rear'd its little fluttering young1 ,where ,death in awful quiet slept1 ,and fearless chirp'd1 and gaily sung ,around the babe its parents wept4 ,it was the guardian of the grave1 ,and thus its chirping seem'd to say3-- ,tho' naught from ,death's chill grasp could save1 ,tho' naught could chase his power away-- ,as round this humble spot ,i wing1 ,my thrilling voice shall daily sing ,a requiem o'er the faded flower1 ,that bloom'd and wither'd in an hour1 ,and prov'd life is1 in every view1 ,naught but a rose-bud twin'd with rue4 ,a blossom born at day's first light1 ,and fading with the earliest night2 ,nor stranger's step1 nor shrieking loom1 ,shall scare the warbler from the tomb' 99 99 99 99 99 ,,curing ,,the ,,king',s ,,evil4 7,to the ,editor of the ,mirror47 ,about five miles from ,sturminster ,newton1 and near the village of ,hazlebury1 resides a ,dr4 ,b----1 who has attained a reputation1 far extended1 for curing1 in a miraculous manner1 the king's evil2 and as the method he employs is very different from that of most modern practitioners1 a short account of it may1 perhaps1 be acceptable to the readers of the ,,mirror4 ,i had long known that the doctor used some particular season for his operations1 but was unable to say precisely the time1 until a few days since ,i had a conversation with a person who is well acquainted with the doctor and his yearly fair1 or feast1 as it is termed4 ,exactly twenty-four hours before the new moon1 in the month of ,may1 every year1 whether it happens by night or by day1 the afflicted persons assemble at the doctor's residence1 where they are supplied1 by him1 with the hind legs of a toad6 yes1 gentle reader a toad--don't start--enclosed in a small bag 7accompanied1 ,i believe1 with some verbal charm1 or incantation17 and also a lotion and salve of the doctor's preparation4 ,the bag containing the legs of the reptile is worn suspended from the neck of the patient1 and the lotion and salve applied in the usual manner1 until the cure is completed1 or until the next year's fair4 ,one would think that such a mysterious routine of doctoring1 would attract but few1 and those the most illiterate2 but ,i can assure my readers the case is different4 ,the number of carts1 chaises1 and other conveyances laden with the afflicted which passed through this place on the #bnd instant1 bore ample testimony to the number of the doctor's applicants2 and the appearance of many of them corroborated the opinion that they moved in a respectable sphere of life4 ,the new moon happening this year on the #crd instant1 at #eg minutes past #g o'clock in the morning1 the fair took place at the same hour the preceding day4 ,my readers1 no doubt1 have heard of the efficacy of the stone in the toad's head1 alluded to by ,shakspeare1#b for curing the cramp1 c4 by application to the afflicted part2 but it was left for ,dr4 ,b---- to discover the virtues of a toad's leg4 ,apropos1 an eccentric friend of mine1 once gravely told me he intended to procure this precious ,bufonian jewel2 and as probably some reader may feel a wish to possess it1 ,i will furnish him with the proper method of obtaining it1 as communicated by my scientific friend4 ,voici--,cut off poor bufo's head and enclose it in a small box pierced with many holes2 place it in an ant hill1 and let it remain some ten or twelve days1 in which time1 or a little longer1 the ants will have entered and eaten up every part except the stone4 ,,ruris4 #b ,sweet are the uses of ,adversity1 ,which1 like a toad1 ugly and venomous1 ,wears yet1 a precious jewel in his head4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,morning ,,star4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,queen of celestial beauty6 ,morning ,star6 ,accept a humble bard's untut'red lay2 ,to him1 thy loveliness1 surpasseth far ,the silv'ry moon1 and eke the ,god of day4 ,the world with all its pride cannot display ,a form so fair1 so beautiful as thine2 ,its glories fade1 its proudest beauties die2 ,but you fair star6 as first created shine1 ,in never fading immortality6 ,like vice1 from virtue's glance1 yon clouds retire1 ,before the smile of one benignant ray1 ,sleepless and sad1 my soul would fain aspire1 ,promethean like1 to snatch ethereal fire1 ,and draw relief from thee6 bright harbinger of day6 ,,jno4 ,,jones4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,sketch-,,book 99 99 99 99 99 ,,schinderhannes1 ,,the ,,german ,,robber4 ,at the commencement of the ,french ,revolution1 and for some time after1 the two banks of the ,rhine were the theatre of continual wars4 ,commerce was interrupted1 industry destroyed1 the fields ravaged1 and the barns and cottages plundered2 farmers and merchants became bankrupts1 and journeymen and labourers thieves4 ,robbery was the only mechanical art which was worth pursuing1 and the only exercises followed were assault and battery4 ,these enterprises were carried on at first by individuals trading on their own capital of skill and courage2 but when the ,french laws came into more active operation in the seat of their exploits1 the desperadoes formed themselves1 for mutual protection1 into copartnerships1 which were the terror of the country4 ,men soon arose among them whose talents1 or prowess1 attracted the confidence of their comrades1 and chiefs were elected1 and laws and institutions established4 ,different places of settlement were chosen by different societies2 the famous ,pickard carried his band into ,belgium and ,holland2 while on the confines of ,germany1 where the wild provinces of ,kirn1 ,simmerm1 and ,birkenfield offered a congenial field1 the banditti were concentrated1 whose last and most celebrated chief1 the redoubted ,schinderhannes1 is the subject of this brief notice4 ,his predecessors1 indeed1 ,finck1 ,peter the ,black1 ,zughetto1 and ,seibert were long before renowned among those who square their conduct by the good old rule of clubs2 they were brave men1 and stout and pitiless robbers4 ,but ,schinderhannes1 the boldest of the bold1 young1 active and subtle1 converted the obscure exploits of banditti into the comparatively magnificent ravages of the outlaw and his men2 and sometimes marched at the head of sixty or eighty of his troop to the attack of whole villages4 ,devoted to pleasure1 no fear ever crossed him in its pursuit2 he walked publicly with his mistress1 a beautiful girl of nineteen1 in the very place which the evening before had been the scene of one of his criminal exploits2 he frequented the fairs and taverns1 which were crowded with his victims2 and such was the terror he had inspired1 that these audacious exposures were made with perfect impunity4 ,free1 generous1 handsome1 and jovial1 it may even be conceived that sometime he gained the protection from love which could not have been extorted by force4 ,it is scarcely a wonder that with the admirable regulations of the robbers1 they should have succeeded even to so great an extent as they did in that unsettled country4 ,not more than two or three of them were allowed to reside in the same town or village2 they were scattered over the whole face of the district1 and apparently connected with each other only by some mysterious free-masonry of their craft4 ,when a blow was to be struck1 a messenger was sent round by the chief to warn his followers2 and at the mustering place the united band rose up1 like the clan of ,roderick ,dhu from the heather1 to disappear as suddenly again in darkness when the object was accomplished4 ,their clothing1 names and nations were changed perpetually2 a ,jew broker at ,cologne would figure some days after at ,aix-la-,chapelle or ,spa as a ,german baron1 or a ,dutch merchant1 keeping open table1 and playing a high game2 and the next week he might be met with in a forest at the head of his troop4 ,young and beautiful women were always in their suite1 who1 particularly in the task of obtaining or falsifying passports1 did more by their address than their lovers could have effected by their courage4 ,spies1 principally ,jews1 were employed throughout the whole country1 to give notice where a booty might be obtained4 ,spring and autumn were the principal seasons of their harvest2 in winter the roads were almost impassable1 and in summer the days were too long2 the light of the moon1 in particular1 was always avoided1 and so were the betraying foot prints in the snow4 ,they seldom marched in a body to the place of attack1 but went thither two or three in a party1 some on foot1 some on horseback1 and some even in carriages4 ,as soon as they had entered a village1 their first care was to muffle the church bell1 so as to prevent an alarm being rung2 or to commence a heavy fire1 to give the inhabitants an exaggerated idea of their numbers1 and impress them with the feeling that it would be more prudent to stay at home than to venture out into the fray4 ,john ,buckler1 alias ,schinderhannes1 the worthy whose youthful arm wielded with such force a power constituted in this manner1 was the son of a currier1 and born at ,muhlen1 near ,nastoeten1 on the right bank of the ,rhine4 ,the family intended to emigrate to ,poland1 but on the way the father entered the ,imperial service at ,olmutz1 in ,moravia4 ,he deserted1 and his wife and child followed him to the frontiers of ,prussia1 and subsequently the travellers took up their abode again in the environs of the ,rhine4 ,at the age of fifteen1 ,schinderhannes commenced his career of crime by spending a louis1 with which he had been entrusted1 in a tavern4 ,afraid to return home1 he wandered about the fields till hunger compelled him to steal a horse1 which he sold4 ,sheep stealing was his next vocation1 but in this he was caught and transferred to prison4 ,he made his escape1 however1 the first night1 and returned in a very business-like manner to receive two crowns which were due to him on account of the sheep he had stolen4 ,after being associated with the band as their chief1 he went to buy a piece of linen1 but thinking1 from the situation of the premises1 that it might be obtained without any exchange of coin on his part1 he returned the same evening1 and stealing a ladder in the neighbourhood1 placed it at a window of the warehouse1 and got in4 ,a man was writing in the interior1 but the robber looked at him steadily1 and shouldering his booty1 withdrew4 ,he was taken a second time1 but escaped as before on the same night4 ,his third escape was from a dark and damp vault in the prison of ,schneppenbach1 where1 having succeeded in penetrating to the kitchen1 he tore an iron bar from the window by main force1 and leaped out at hazard4 ,he broke his leg in the fall1 but finding a stick1 managed to drag himself along1 in the course of three nights1 to ,birkenmuhl1 without a morsel of food1 but on the contrary1 having left some ounces of skin and flesh of his own on the road4 ,marianne ,schoeffer was the first avowed mistress of ,schinderhannes4 ,she was a young girl of fourteen1 of ravishing beauty1 and always se mettait avec une lgance extreme4 ,blacken ,klos1 one of the band1 an unsuccessful suitor of the lady1 one day1 after meeting with a repulse1 out of revenge carried off her clothes4 ,when the outrage was communicated to ,schinderhannes1 he followed the ruffian to a cave where he had concealed himself1 and slew him4 ,it was ,julia ,blaesius1 however1 who became the permanent companion of the young chief4 ,the account given by her of the manner in which she was united to the destiny of the robber is altogether improbable4 ,a person came to her1 she said1 and mentioned that somebody wished to speak to her in the forest of ,dolbach2 she kept the assignation1 and found there a handsome young man who told her that she must follow him--an invitation which she was obliged at length by threats to accede to4 ,it appears sufficiently evident1 however1 that the personal attractions of ,schinderhannes1 who was then not twenty-two1 had been sufficient of themselves to tempt poor ,julia to her fate1 and that of her own accord ,she fled to the forest to hear a love tale4 ,it may be1 indeed1 as she affirmed1 that she was at first ignorant of the profession of her mysterious lover1 who might address her somewhat in the words of the ,scottish free-booter-- ,a lightsome eye1 a soldier's mien-- ,a bonnet of the blue1 ,a doublet of the ,lincoln green1 ',twas all of me you knew4 ,but it is known that afterwards she even accompanied him personally in some of his adventures dressed in men's clothes4 ,the robberies of this noted chief became more audacious and extensive every day1 and at last he established a kind of black mail among the ,jews1 at their own request4 ,accompanied one day by only two of his comrades1 he did not hesitate to attack a cavalcade of forty-five ,jews and five ,christian peasants4 ,the booty taken was only two bundles of tobacco1 the robbers returning some provisions on a remonstrance from one of the ,jews1 who pleaded poverty4 ,schinderhannes then ordered them to take off their shoes and stockings1 which he threw into a heap1 leaving to every one the care of finding his own property4 ,the affray that ensued was tremendous2 the forty-five ,jews who had patiently allowed themselves to be robbed by three men1 fought furiously with each other about their old shoes2 and the robber1 in contempt of their cowardice1 gave his carbine to one of them to hold while he looked on4 ,his daring career at length drew to a close1 and he and his companions were arrested by the ,french authorities1 and brought to trial4 ,the chief1 with nineteen others1 were condemned to death in ,november1 #ahjc1 and ,julia ,blaesius to two years' imprisonment4 ,the former met his fate with characteristic intrepidity1 occupied to the last moment with his cares about ,julia and his father4--,from the ,foreign ,quarterly ,review4--,an excellent work4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,restrospective ,,gleanings4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,old ,,mansions4 ,we are in the habit of passing by our old stone manor houses without knowing that they were important village fortresses1 and substitutes for castles4 ,that this is the fact is beyond all doubt1 for ,margaret ,paston1 writing to ,sir ,john1 says1 ,ry't w'chipful hwsbond1 ,i recomawnd to zw and prey zw to gete some crosse bowis and wydses 7windlasses to strain cross-bows17 and quarrels 7arrows with square heads7 for zr howsis her ben low1 yat yer may non man schet owt wt no long bowe4 ,from hence we learn that the service of the long bow was connected with elevation in the building4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,legal ,,crushing ,,to ,,death4 ,at the assizes in ,sussex1 ,august1 #agce1 a man who pretended to be dumb and lame1 was indicted for a barbarous murder and robbery4 ,he had been taken up upon suspicion1 several spots of blood1 and part of the property being found upon him4 ,when he was brought to the bar1 he would not speak or plead1 though often urged to it1 and the sentence to be inflicted on such as stand mute1 read to him1 in vain4 ,four or five persons in the court1 swore that they had heard him speak1 and the boy who was his accomplice1 and apprehended1 was there to be a witness against him2 yet he continued mute2 whereupon he was carried back to ,horsham gaol1 to be pressed to death1 if he would not plead--when they laid on him #ajj weight1 then added #ajj more1 and he still continued obstinate2 they then added #ajj more1 which made #cjj lb4 weight1 yet he would not speak2 #ej lb4 more was added1 when he was nearly dead1 having all the agonies of death upon him2 then the executioner1 who weighed about #af or #ag stone1 laid down upon the board which was over him1 and1 adding to the weight1 killed him in an instant4 ,g4,k4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,late ,,instruction4 ,socrates in his old age1 learned to play upon a musical instrument4 ,cato1 aged #hj1 began to learn ,greek2 and ,plutarch1 in his old age1 acquired ,latin4 ,john ,gelida1 of ,valentia1 in ,spain1 did not begin the study of belles-lettres1 until he was #dj years old4 ,henry ,spelman1 having in his youth neglected the sciences1 resumed them at the age of #ej1 with extraordinary success4 ,fairfax1 after having been the general of the parliamentary army in ,england1 went to ,oxford1 and took his degree as ,doctor-of-,law4 ,colbert1 when minister1 and almost #fj years of age1 returned to his ,latin and his law1 in a situation where the neglect of one1 if not both1 might have been thought excusable2 and ,mons4 ,le ,tellier1 chancellor of ,france1 reverted to the learning of logic that he might dispute with his grand-children4 ,sir ,john ,davies1 at the age of #be1 produced a poem on ,the ,immortality of the ,soul1 and in his #fbnd year1 as ,mr4 ,thomas ,campbell facetiously observes1 when a judge and a statesman1 another on dancing4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,novelist4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,anne ,,of ,,geierstein4 ,as ,sir ,walter ,scott's new work has not reached us in time to enable us to fill in the outline of the story in our present ,number1 we give a few sketchy extracts1 or portraits1--such as will increase the interest for the appearance of the ,narrative4 ,there are some admirable specimens of ,swiss scenery1 which have the effect of sublime painting3 witness the following attempt of two travellers1 father and son1 who with their guide1 are bewildered in the mountains by a sudden storm4 ,the younger attempts to scale a broken path on the side of the precipice3 ,thus estimating the extent of his danger by the measure of sound sense and reality1 and supported by some degree of practice in such exercise1 the brave youth went forward on his awful journey1 step by step1 winning his way with a caution1 and fortitude1 and presence of mind1 which alone could have saved him from instant destruction4 ,at length he gained a point where a projecting rock formed the angle of the precipice1 so far as it had been visible to him from the platform4 ,this1 therefore1 was the critical point of his undertaking2 but it was also the most perilous part of it4 ,the rock projected more than six feet forward over the torrent1 which he heard raging at the depth of a hundred yards beneath1 with a noise like subterranean thunder4 ,he examined the spot with the utmost care1 and was led by the existence of shrubs1 grass1 and even stunted trees1 to believe that this rock marked the farthest extent of the slip1 or slide of earth1 and that1 could he but round the angle of which it was the termination1 he might hope to attain the continuation of the path which had been so strangely interrupted by this convulsion of nature4 ,but the crag jutted out so much as to afford no possibility of passing either under or around it2 and as it rose several feet above the position which ,arthur had attained1 it was no easy matter to climb over it4 ,this was1 however1 the course which he chose1 as the only mode of surmounting what he hoped might prove the last obstacle to his voyage of discovery4 ,a projecting tree afforded him the means of raising and swinging himself up to the top of the crag4 ,but he had scarcely planted himself on it1 had scarcely a moment to congratulate himself1 on seeing1 amid a wild chaos of cliffs and woods1 the gloomy ruins of ,geierstein1 with smoke arising1 and indicating something like a human habitation beside them1 when1 to his extreme terror1 he felt the huge cliff on which he stood tremble1 stoop slowly forward1 and gradually sink from its position4 ,projecting as it was1 and shaken as its equilibrium had been by the recent earthquake1 it lay now so insecurely poised1 that its balance was entirely destroyed1 even by the addition of the young man's weight4 ,aroused by the imminence of the danger1 ,arthur1 by an instinctive attempt at self-preservation1 drew cautiously back from the falling crag into the tree by which he had ascended1 and turned his head back as if spell-bound1 to watch the descent of the fatal rock from which he had just retreated4 ,it tottered for two or three seconds1 as if uncertain which way to fall2 and had it taken a sidelong direction1 must have dashed the adventurer from his place of refuge1 or borne both the tree and him headlong down into the river4 ,after a moment of horrible uncertainty1 the power of gravitation determined a direct and forward descent4 ,down went the huge fragment1 which must have weighed at least twenty tons1 rending and splintering in its precipitate course the trees and bushes which it encountered1 and settling at length in the channel of the torrent1 with a din equal to the discharge of a hundred pieces of artillery4 ,the sound was re-echoed from bank to bank1 from precipice to precipice1 with emulative thunders2 nor was the tumult silent till it rose into the region of eternal snows1 which1 equally insensible to terrestrial sounds1 and unfavourable to animal life1 heard the roar in their majestic solitude1 but suffered it to die away without a responsive voice4 ,the solid rock had trembled and rent beneath his footsteps2 and although1 by an effort rather mechanical than voluntary1 he had withdrawn himself from the instant ruin attending its descent1 he felt as if the better part of him1 his firmness of mind and strength of body1 had been rent away with the descending rock1 as it fell thundering1 with clouds of dust and smoke1 into the torrents and whirlpools of the vexed gulf beneath4 ,in fact1 the seaman swept from the deck of a wrecked vessel1 drenched in the waves1 and battered against the rocks on the shore1 does not differ more from the same mariner1 when1 at the commencement of the gale1 he stood upon the deck of his favourite ship1 proud of her strength and his own dexterity1 than ,arthur1 when commencing his journey1 from the same ,arthur1 while clinging to the decayed trunk of an old tree1 from which1 suspended between heaven and earth1 he saw the fall of the crag which he had so nearly accompanied4 ,the effects of his terror1 indeed1 were physical as well as moral1 for a thousand colours played before his eyes2 he was attacked by a sick dizziness1 and deprived at once of the obedience of those limbs which had hitherto served him so admirably2 his arms and hands1 as if no longer at his own command1 now clung to the branches of the tree1 with a cramp-like tenacity1 over which he seemed to possess no power1 and now trembled in a state of such complete nervous relaxation1 as led him to fear that they were becoming unable to support him longer in his position4 ,we must leave the reader here1 although in dire suspense--and we regret to do so1 because a beautiful incident follows--to give the following exquisite sketch of the heroine--a ,swiss maiden4 ,we will endeavour to connect these passages with our abridgment of the narrative4 ,an upper vest1 neither so close as to display the person--a habit forbidden by the sumptuary laws of the canton--nor so loose as to be an encumbrance in walking or climbing1 covered a close tunic of a different colour1 and came down beneath the middle of the leg1 but suffered the ancle1 in all its fine proportions1 to be completely visible4 ,the foot was defended by a sandal1 the point of which was turned upwards1 and the crossings and knots of the strings which secured it on the front of the leg were garnished with silver rings4 ,the upper vest was gathered round the middle by a sash of parti-coloured silk1 ornamented with twisted threads of gold2 while the tunic1 open at the throat1 permitted the shape and exquisite whiteness of a well-formed neck to be visible at the collar1 and for an inch or two beneath4 ,the small portion of the throat and bosom thus exposed was even more brilliantly fair than was promised by the countenance1 which last bore some marks of having been freely exposed to the sun and air--by no means in a degree to diminish its beauty1 but just so far as to show that the maiden possessed the health which is purchased by habits of rural exercise4 ,her long1 fair hair fell down in a profusion of curls on each side of a face whose blue eyes1 lovely features1 and dignified simplicity of expression1 implied at once a character of gentleness1 and of the self-relying resolution of a mind too virtuous to suspect evil1 and too noble to fear it4 ,above these locks beauty's natural and most beseeming ornament--or rather1 ,i should say1 amongst them--was placed the small bonnet1 which1 from its size1 little answered the purpose of protecting the head1 but served to exercise the ingenuity of the fair wearer1 who had not failed1 according to the prevailing custom of the mountain maidens1 to decorate the tiny cap with a heron's feather1 and the then unusual luxury of a small and thin chain of gold1 long enough to encircle the cap four or five times1 and having the ends secured under a broad medal of the same costly metal4 ,i have only to add1 that the stature of the young person was something above the common size1 and that the whole contour of her form1 without being in the slightest degree masculine1 resembled that of ,minerva1 rather than the proud beauties of ,juno1 or the yielding graces of ,venus4 ,the noble brow1 the well-formed and active limbs1 the firm and yet light step2 above all1 the total absence of any thing resembling the consciousness of personal beauty1 and the open and candid look1 which seemed desirous of knowing nothing that was hidden1 and conscious that she herself had nothing to hide1 were traits not unworthy of the goddess of wisdom and of chastity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,selector1 ,,and ,,literary ,,notices ,,of ,,new ,,works4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,french ,,cookery ,,and ,,confectionery4 ,monsieur ,ude1 who is1 unquestionably1 the prince of gastronomers1 has just published the tenth edition of his ,french ,cook1 of which1 line upon line1 we may say1 ,decies repelita placebit2 and ,jarrin1 the celebrated artiste en sucre1 has also revised his ,italian ,confectioner1 in a fourth edition4 ,we should think both these works must be the literary furniture of every good kitchen1 or they ought to be2 for there is just enough of the science in them to make them extremely useful1 whilst all must allow them to be entertaining4 ,a few years ago1 ,mrs4 ,glasse ruled the roast of cookery1 and not a stew was made without consulting her invaluable book4 ,whilst we were embroiled in war1 her instructions were standing orders1 but with the peace came a host of foreign luxuries and fashions1 among these1 ,cookery from ,france4 ,hence the ,french system became introduced into the establishments of the wealthy of this country1 to which may be attributed the sale of nine editions of ,m4 ,ude's work2 for it is strictly what it professes to be1 ,a ,system of ,fashionable and ,economical ,cookery1 adapted to the use of ,english ,families4 ,the tenth edition1 before us1 is a bulky tome of about #ejj pages1 with an appendix of observations on the meals of the day2 mode of giving suppers at ,routs and soires1 as practised when the author was in the employ of ,lord ,sefton2 and above all1 a brief history of the rise and progress of ,cookery1 from an admirable ,french treatise4 ,this is literally the sauce piquante of the volume1 and we serve a little to our readers3-- ,it appears that the science of ,cookery was in a very inferior state under the first and second race of the ,french kings4 ,gregory of ,tours has preserved the account of a repast of ,french warriors1 at which1 in this refined age1 we should be absolutely astounded4 ,according to ,eginhard1 ,charlemagne lived poorly1 and ate but little--however1 this trait of resemblance in ,charlemagne and ,napoleon1 the modern ,eginhards have forgotten in their comparison of these two great men4 ,philippe le ,bel was hardly half an hour at table1 and ,francis ,i4 thought more of women than of eating and drinking2 nevertheless1 it was under this gallant monarch that the science of gastronomy took rise in ,france4 ,few have heard the name of ,gonthier d',andernach4 ,what ,bacon was to philosophy1 ,dante and ,petrarch to poetry1 ,michael ,angelo and ,raphael to painting1 ,columbus and ,gama to geography1 ,copernicus and ,galileo to astronomy1 ,gonthier was in ,france to the art of cookery4 ,before him1 their code of eating was formed only of loose scraps picked up here and there2 the names of dishes were strange and barbarous1 like the dishes themselves4 ,gonthier is the father of cookery1 as ,descartes1 of ,french philosophy4 ,it is said that ,gonthier1 in less than ten years1 invented seven cullises1 nine ragots1 thirty-one sauces1 and twenty-one soups4 ,a woman opened the gates of an enlightened age2 it was ,catherine1 the daughter of the celebrated ,lorenzo de ,medici1 niece of ,leo the ,tenth1 then in all the bloom of beauty4 ,accompanied by a troop of perfumers1 painters1 astrologers1 poets1 and cooks1 she crossed the ,alps1 and whilst ,bullan planned the ,tuileries1 ,berini recovered from oblivion those sauces which1 for many ages1 had been lost4 ,endowed with all the gifts of fortune1 the mother and the wife of kings1 nature had also gifted her with a palate1 whose intuitive sensibility seldom falls to the lot of sovereigns4 ,in consequence of which1 after having driven before her this troop of male and female soothsayers1 who pretended to foretel the future1 she consulted her matre d'htel1 about some roast meat brought from luxurious ,florence2 and dipped in a rich sauce the same hand that held the reins of the empire1 and which ,roussard compared to the rosy fingers of ,aurora6 ,let the foolish vulgar laugh at the importance which the queen-mother seems to place in the art of cooking2 but they have not considered that it is at table1 in the midst of the fumes of ,burgundy1 and the savoury odour of rich dishes1 that she meditated the means of quelling a dangerous faction1 or the destruction of a man1 who disturbed her repose4 ,it was during dinner she had an interview with the ,duke of ,alba1 with whom she resolved on the massacre of ,st4 ,bartholomew4 ,not long after the massacre of ,st4 ,bartholomew the throne was occupied by ,henry de ,valois1 brother to ,charles the ,ninth1 and son of ,catherine4 ,he was a prince of good appetite1 a lover of wine and good cheer1 qualities which his mother had carefully fostered and cultivated1 that she alone might hold the reigns of government4 ,henry de ,valois spent whole days at table1 and the constellations of the kitchen shone with the greatest splendour under this gourmand king4 ,we date from the beginning of his reign the invention of the fricandeau1 generally attributed to a ,swiss4 ,now the fricandeau having its ,columbus1 its discovery appears not more wonderful than that of ,america1 and yet it required une grande force de tte4 ,though we acknowledge the immense influence this monarch had over cookery1 we must not conceal that he brought in fashion aromatic sauces1 tough macaroni1 cullises1 and brown sauces calcined by a process like that of roasted coffee4 ,these sauces gave the dishes a corrosive acidity1 and as ,jourdan le ,cointe remarks1 far from nourishing the body1 communicated to it a feverish sensation1 which baffled all the skill of physicians1 in their attempts to cure it4 ,they were positive poisons which the ,italians had introduced into ,france1 a taste for which spread through every class of society4 ,under the reign of ,henry ,,iii4 a taste for warm drinks was joined to that of spicy dishes4 ,hippocrates recommends hot water in fevers1 ,avicenna in consumption1 ,trallien in phrensy1 ,plato in loathings1 ,aetius in strangury1--whence we conclude that warm water1 having so many different qualities1 must have been a very useful article at table1 had it only been to assist digestion1 considering that people ate copiously in the reign of the ,valois4 ,they made not one single repast without a jug full of hot water1 and even wine was drunk lukewarm4 ,if the poor have preserved the memory of ,henry ,,iv41 we cannot say as much of his cooks4 ,that monarch did nothing for them2--either ,nature had not endowed him with a good appetite1 7for what prince ever was perfect17 or he looked upon them1 as1 in the last century1 we looked upon soups1 as things of hardly any use2 but in return they also did nothing for him4 ,it is very remarkable1 that in ,france1 where there is but one religion1 the sauces are infinitely varied1 whilst in ,england1 where the different sects are innumerable1 there is1 we may say1 but one single sauce4 ,melted butter1 in ,english cookery1 plays nearly the same part as the ,lord ,mayor's coach at civic ceremonies1 calomel in modern medicine1 or silver forks in the fashionable novels4 ,melted butter and anchovies1 melted butter and capers1 melted butter and parsley1 melted butter and eggs1 and melted butter for ever3 this is a sample of the national cookery of this country4 ,we may date the art of making sauces from the age of ,louis ,,xiv4 ,under ,louis ,,xiii4 meat was either roasted or broiled3 every baker had a stove where the citizen1 as well as the great lord1 sent his meat to be dressed2 but1 by degrees1 they began to feel the necessity of sauces4 ,it appears that the great wits of the age of ,louis ,,xiv4 had not that contempt for cookery which some idealists of our days affect to have4 ,boileau has described a bad repast like a man who has often seen better2 he liked the pleasures of the table1 which have never been incompatible with the gifts of genius1 or the investigations of the understanding4 ,i cannot conceive1 says ,doctor ,johnson1 the folly of those1 who1 when at table1 think of every thing but eating2 for my part1 when ,i am there ,i think of nothing else2 and whosoever does not trouble himself with this important affair at dinner1 or supper1 will do no good at any other time4 ,boswell affirms that he never knew a man who dispatched a dinner better than the great moralist4 ,but what avails it to defend cooks and gourmands8 ,it is an axiom in political economy1 according to ,malthus1 that he who makes two blades of grass grow1 where before there was but one1 ought to be considered as the benefactor of his country1 and of mankind4 ,is not this a service which the epicure and the cook every day do their country8 ,addison thought differently from ,johnson on this subject3 ,every time1 says he1 that ,i see a splendid dinner1 ,i fancy fever1 gout1 and dropsy1 are lying in ambush for me1 with the whole race of maladies which attack mankind3 in my opinion an epicure is a fool4 ,what does this blustering of ,addison prove8 ,boswell also asserts1 that ,addison often complained of indigestion4 ,and in the present times1 the first chemist of the day1 ,sir ,humphry ,davy1 passes for a finished gourmand4 ,roasting1 boiling1 frying1 broiling1 do not alone constitute the arc of cooking1 otherwise the savage of the ,oronoco might be matre d'htel with ,prince ,esterhazy4 ,the science of gastronomy made great progress under ,louis ,,xv41 a brilliant epoch for the literature of gastronomy3 together with the fashions1 customs1 freedom of opinion1 and taste for equipages and horses brought from ,great ,britain--some new dishes taken from the culinary code of this country1 such as puddings and beef-steaks1 were also introduced into ,france4 ,thanks to the increasing progress and discoveries in chemistry1 and to the genius of our artists1 the art of cookery rose to the greatest height towards the end of the last century4 ,what a famous age was that of ,mezelier1 l',asne1 ,jouvent1 ,richaud1 ,chaud1 and ,robert4 ,history will never forget that great man1 who aspired to all kinds of glory1 and would have been1 if he had wished1 as great a cook as he was a statesman--,i mean the ,prince de ,talleyrand1 who rekindled the sacred flame in ,france4 ,the first clouds of smoke1 which announced the resurrection of the science of cookery in the capital1 appeared from the kitchen of an ancient bishop4 ,a revolution like the ,french1 which presented to their eyes such terrible spectacles1 must have left some traces in their physical or intellectual constitution4 ,at the end of this bloody drama1 the mind1 bewildered by the late dreadful scenes1 was unable to feel those sweet and peaceable emotions1 in which it had formerly delighted2 as the palate1 having long been at rest1 and now become blunted1 must require high-seasoned dishes1 to excite an appetite4 ,the reign of the ,directory1 therefore is that of ,romances la ,radcliffe1 as well as of ,sauces la ,provenale4 ,fortunately1 the eighth of ,brumaire pulled down the five ,directors1 together with their saucepans4 ,under the ,consulship1 and during the empire1 the art of cooking1 thanks to the labours of ,beauvilliers1 ,balaine1 and other artists1 made new and remarkable improvements4 ,among the promoters of the gastric science1 the name of a simple amateur makes a distinguished figure--it is ,grisnod de la ,reynire1 whose almanac the late ,duke of ,york called the most delightful book that ever issued from the press4 ,we may affirm1 that the ,almanach des ,gourmands made a complete revolution in the language and usages of the country4 ,we are yet too near the restoration to determine the degree of influence it had on cookery in ,france4 ,the restoration has introduced into monarchy the representative forms friendly to epicurism1 and in this respect it is a true blessing--a new era opened to those who are hungry4 ,m4 ,jarrin's fourth edition contains upwards of #ejj receipts in ,italian confectionery1 with plates of improvements1 c4 like a cyclopaedian treatise on mechanics2 and when our readers know there are seven essential degrees of boiling sugar1 they will pardon the details of the business of this volume4 ,the degrees are--#a4 ,le liss1 or thread1 large or small2 #b4 ,le perl1 or pearl1 le soufflet1 or blow2 #d4 ,la plume1 the feather2 #e4 ,le boulet1 the ball1 large or small2 #f4 ,le cass1 the crack2 and1 #g4 the caramel4 ,so complete is ,m4 ,jarrin's system of confectionery1 that he is independent of every other artist2 for he even explains engraving on steel and on wood4 ,what a host of disappointments this must prevent6 ,if we look further into1 or drink deep of the art of confectionery1 we shall find it to be a perfect ,microcosm--a little creation2 for our artist talks familiarly of producing picturesque scenery1 with trees1 lakes1 rocks1 c42 gum paste1 and modelling flowers1 animals1 figures1 c4 with astonishing mimic strife4 ,we must abridge one of these receipts for a ,rock ,piece ,monte in a lake4 ,roll out confectionery paste1 the size of the dish intended to receive it2 put into a mould representing your pond a lining of almond paste1 coloured pale pink1 and place in the centre a sort of pedestal of almond paste1 supported by lumps of the same paste baked2 when dry put it into the stove4 ,prepare syrup to fill the hollow of the lake1 to represent the water2 having previously modelled in gum paste little swans1 place them in various parts of the syrup2 put it into the stove for three hours1 then make a small hole through the paste1 under your lake1 to drain off the syrup2 a crust will remain with the swans fixed in it1 representing the water4 ,next build the rock on the pedestal with rock sugar1 biscuits1 and other appropriate articles in sugar1 fixed to one another1 supported by the confectionery paste you have put in the middle1 the whole being cemented together with caramel1 and ornamented4 ,the moulding and heads should then be pushed in almond paste1 coloured red2 the cascades and other ornaments must be spun in sugar4 ,these are1 indeed1 romantic secrets4 ,spinning nets and cages with sugar is another fine display of confectionery skill--we say nothing of the nets and cages which our fair friends are sometimes spinning--for the sugar compared with their bonds--are weak as the cords of the ,philistines4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,naturalist4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rooks4 ,we glean the following interesting facts from the ,essex ,herald1 as they merit the record of a ,naturalist4 ,the voracious habits of the rook1 and the vast increase of these birds of late years in certain parts of ,essex1 has been productive of great mischief1 especially in the vicinity of ,writtle and of ,waltham4 ,since ,february last1 notwithstanding a vigilant watch1 the rooks have stolen sets of potatoes from a considerable breadth of ground at ,widford ,hall4 ,on the same farm1 during the sowing of a field of #af acres with peas1 the number of rooks seen at one time on its surface has been estimated at #a1jjj1 which is accounted for by there being a preserve near1 which1 at a moderate computation1 contains #a1jjj nests4 ,but the damage done by rooks at ,navestock and ,kelvedon ,hatch1 and their vicinities1 within a small circle1 has been estimated at #b1jjj4 annually4 ,many farmers pay from #hs4 to #ajs4 per week1 to preserve their seed and plants by watching2 but notwithstanding such precautions1 acre after acre of beans1 when in leaf and clear from the soil1 have been pulled up1 and the crop lost4 ,the late hurricane proved some interruption to their breeding2 and particularly at the estate of ,lord ,waldegrave1 at ,navestock1 where the young ones were thrown from their nests1 and were found under trees in myriads2 the very nests blown down1 it is said1 would have furnished the poor with fuel for a short period4 ,the writer attributes this alarming increase of rooks to a desire on the part of gentlemen to cause them to be preserved with the same watchfulness they do their game4 ,the most effectual means of deterring the rook from their depredations1 is1 he says1 to obtain several of these birds at a period of the year when they can be more easily taken2 then cut them open1 and preserve them by salt4 ,in the spring1 during the seed time1 these rooks are to be fastened down to the ground with their wings spread1 and their mouths extended by a pebble1 as if in great torture4 ,this plan has been found so effectual1 that even in the vicinity of large preserves1 the fields where the dead birds have been so placed1 have not been visited by a single rook4 ,the scarcity of the rook in ,france1 and the antipathy which the ,french have to that bird is thus accounted for3-- ,the fact has been often related by a very respectable ,catholic ,priest1 who resided many years at ,chipping-hill1 in ,witham1 that such was the arbitrary conduct of the owners of abbeys and monasteries in ,france1 in preserving and cultivating the rook and the pigeon1 that they increased to such numbers as to become so great a pest1 as to destroy the seed when sown1 and the young plants as soon as they appeared above the ground2 insomuch1 that the farmer1 despairing of a reward for his labour1 besides the loss of his seed1 the fields were left barren1 and the supply of bread corn was1 in consequence1 insufficient to meet the necessities of so rapidly increasing a people4 ,the father of the gentleman to whom we have alluded1 was1 for this offence1 one of the first victims to his imprudence4 ,the revolutionary mob proceeded to his residence1 from whence they took him1 and hung his body upon a gibbet2 they next proceeded to destroy the rooks and pigeons which he had cultivated in great numbers1 and strived to preserve with the same tenacity as others do in this country4 ,we are told by the son of this martyr to his own folly1 that the mob continued to shoot the birds amidst the loudest acclamations1 and that they exulted in the idea that in each victim they witnessed the fall of an aristocrat4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,banana ,,tree4 ,the amount and rapidity of produce of this plant probably exceed that of any other in the known world4 ,in eight or nine months after the sucker has been planted1 clusters of fruit are formed2 and in about two months more they may be gathered4 ,the stem is then cut down1 and a fresh plant1 about two-thirds of the height of the parent stem1 succeeds1 and bears fruit in about three months more4 ,the only care necessary is to dig once or twice a year round the roots4 ,according to our author1 on #a1jgf square feet1 from #cj to #dj banana trees may be planted in ,mexico1 which will yield in the space of the year #d1dad lbs4 avoirdupois of fruit2 while the same space would yield only #cc lbs4 avoirdupois of wheat1 and #ii of potatoes4 ,the immediate effect of this facility of supplying the wants of nature is1 that the man who can1 by labouring two days in the week1 maintain himself and family1 will devote the remaining five to idleness or dissipation4 ,the same regions that produce the banana1 also yield the two species of manioc1 the bitter and the sweet3 both of which appear to have been cultivated before the conquest4--,foreign ,quarterly ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,indian ,,corn4 ,the most valuable article in ,south ,american agriculture1 is unquestionably the maize1 or ,indian corn1 which is cultivated with nearly uniform success in every part of the republic4 ,it appears to be a true ,american grain1 notwithstanding many crude conjectures to the contrary4 ,sometimes it has been known to yield1 in hot and humid regions1 #hjj fold2 fertile lands return from #cjj to #djj2 and a return of #acj to #aej fold is considered bad--the least fertile soils giving #fj to #hj4 ,the maize forms the great bulk of food of the inhabitants1 as well as of the domestic animals2 hence the dreadful consequences of a failure of this crop4 ,it is eaten either in the form of unfermented bread or tortillas 7a sort of bannock1 as it is called in ,scotland27 and1 reduced to flour1 is mingled with water1 forming either atolle or various kinds of chicha4 ,maize will yield1 in very favourable situations1 two or three crops per year2 though it is but seldom that more than one is gathered4 ,the introduction of wheat is said to have been owing to the accidental discovery1 by a negro slave of ,cortez1 of three or four grains1 among some rice which had been issued to the soldiers4 ,about the year #aecj1 these grains were sown2 and from this insignificant source has flowed all the enormous produce of the upper lands of ,mexico4 ,water is the only element necessary to ensure success to the ,mexican wheat grower2 but it is very difficult to attain this--and irrigation affords the most steady supply4 ,ibid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,agave ,,americana4 ,on ,maguey1 is an object of great value in the table land of the interior of ,mexico2 from this plant is obtained the favourite liquor1 the pulque4 ,at the moment of efflorescence1 the flower stalk is extirpated1 and the juice destined to form the fruit flows into the cavity thus produced1 and is taken out two or three times a day for four or five months2 each day's produce is fermented for ten or fifteen days2 after which the pulque is fit to drink1 and before it has travelled in skins1 it is a very pleasant1 refreshing liquor1 to which the ,mexicans ascribe as many good qualities as the ,highlander does to whiskey4 ,the stems of the maguey can supply the place of hemp1 and may be converted into paper4 ,the prickles too are used as pins by the ,indians4--,ibid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,anecdote ,,gallery4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,doctor ,,parr4 ,concluded from page #ccd4 ,parr was evidently fond of living in troubled waters2 accordingly1 on his removal to ,colchester1 he got into a quarrel with the trustees of the school on the subject of a lease4 ,he printed a pamphlet about it1 which he never published2 restrained perhaps by the remarks of ,sir ,w4 ,jones1 who constantly noted the pages submitted to him1 with too violent1 too strong2 and probably thought the whole affair a battle of kites and crows1 which ,parr had swelled into importance2 or1 it might be1 he suppressed it1 influenced by the prospect of succeeding to ,norwich school1 for which he was now a candidate1 and by the shrewd observation of ,dr4 ,foster1 that ,norwich might be touched by a fellow feeling for ,colchester2 and the crape-makers of the one place sympathize with the bag-makers of the other4 ,if the latter consideration weighed with him1 it was the first and last time that any such consideration did1 ,parr being apparently of the opinion of ,john ,wesley1 that there could be no fitter subject for a ,christian man's prayers1 than that he might be delivered from what the world calls prudence4 ,however it happened1 the pamphlet was withheld1 and ,parr was elected to the school at ,norwich4 ,at ,norwich1 ,parr ventured on his first publications1 and obtained his first preferment4 ,the publications consisted of a sermon on ,the ,truth of ,christianity1 ,a ,discourse on ,education1 and ,a ,discourse on the ,late ,fast2 the last of which opens with a mistake singular in ,parr1 who confounds the sedition of ,judas ,gaulonitis1 mentioned in ,josephus1 7,antiq4 xviii4 #a4 #a47 with that under ,pilate1 mentioned in ,st4 ,luke1 7xiii4 #a1 #b1 #c472 whereas the former probably preceded the latter by twenty years1 or nearly4 ,the preferment which he gained was the living of ,asterby1 presented to him by ,lady ,jane ,trafford1 the mother of one of his pupils2 which1 in #aghc1 he exchanged for the perpetual curacy of ,hatton1 in ,warwickshire1 the same lady being still his patron neither was of much value4 ,lord ,dartmouth1 whose sons had also been under his care1 endeavoured to procure something for him from ,lord ,thurlow1 but the chancellor is reported to have said ,no1 with an oath4 ,the great and good ,bishop ,lowth1 however1 at the request of the same nobleman1 gave him a prebend in ,st4 ,paul's1 which1 though a trifle at the time1 eventually became1 on the expiration of leases1 a source of affluence to ,parr in his old age4 ,how far he was from such a condition at this period of his life1 is seen by the following incident given by ,mr4 ,field4 ,the doctor was one day in this gentleman's library1 when his eye was caught by the title of ,stephens' ,greek ,thesaurus4 ,suddenly turning about and striking vehemently the arm of ,mr4 ,field1 whom he addressed in a manner very usual with him2 he said1 ,ah6 my friend1 my friend1 may you never be forced1 as ,i was at ,norwich1 to sell that work1 to me so precious1 from absolute and urgent necessity4 ,but we must on with the ,doctor in his career4 ,in #aghe1 for some reason unknown to his biographer1 ,parr resigned the school at ,norwich1 and in the year following went to reside at ,hatton4 ,i have an excellent house1 7he writes to a friend17 good neighbours1 and a ,poor1 ignorant1 dissolute1 insolent1 and ungrateful1 beyond all example4 ,i like ,warwickshire very much4 ,i have made great regulations1 viz4 bells chime three times as long2 ,athanasian creed2 communion service at the altar2 swearing act2 children catechized first ,sunday in the month2 private baptisms discouraged2 public performed after second lesson2 recovered a #ajjl4 a year left the poor1 with interest amounting to #aael41 all of which ,i am to put out1 and settle a trust in the spring2 examining all the charities4 ,here ,warwickshire pleases ,parr2 but ,parr's taste in this1 and in many other matters1 7as we shall have occasion to show by and by17 was subject to change4 ,he soon1 therefore1 becomes convinced of the superior intellect of the men of ,norfolk4 ,he finds ,warwickshire1 the ,boeotia of ,england1 two centuries behind in civilization4 ,he is anxious1 however1 to be in the commission of the peace for this ill-fated county1 and applies to ,lord ,hertford1 then ,lord ,lieutenant2 but the application fails2 and again1 on a subsequent occasion1 to ,lord ,warwick1 and again he is disappointed4 ,what motives operated upon their lordships' minds to his exclusion1 they did not think it necessary to avow4 ,providence has so obviously drawn a circle about every man1 within which1 for the most part1 he is compelled to walk1 by furnishing him with natural affections1 evidently intended to fasten upon individuals2 by urging demands upon him which the very preservation of himself and those about him compels him to listen to2 by withholding from him any considerable knowledge of what is distant1 and hereby proclaiming that his more proper sphere lies in what is near2--by compassing1 him about with physical obstacles1 with mountains1 with rivers1 with seas dissociable1 with tongues which he cannot utter1 or cannot understand2 that1 like the wife of ,hector1 it proclaims in accents scarcely to be resisted1 that there is a tower assigned to everyman1 where it is his first duty to plant himself for the sake of his own1 and in the defence of which he will find perhaps enough to do1 without extending his care to the whole circuit of the city walls4 ,the close of ,parr's life grew brighter1 ,the increased value of his stall at ,st4 ,paul's set him abundantly at his ease3 he can even indulge his love of pomp--ardetque cupidine currs1 he encumbers himself with a coach and four4 ,in #ahaf1 he married a second wife1 ,miss ,eyre1 the sister of his friend the ,rev4 ,james ,eyre2 he became reconciled to his two grand-daughters1 now grown up to woman's estate2 he received them into his family1 and kept them as his own1 till one of them became the wife of the ,rev4 ,john ,lynes4 ,in the latter years of his life1 ,parr had been subject to erysipelas2 once he had suffered by a carbuncle1 and once by a mortification in the hand4 ,owing to this tendency to diseased action in the skin1 he was easily affected by cold1 and on ,sunday1 the #afth of ,january1 #ahbe1 having1 in addition to the usual duties of the day1 buried a corpse1 he was1 on the following night1 seized with a long-continued rigor1 attended by fever and delirium1 and never effectually rallied again4 ,there is a note1 however1 dated ,november #b1 #ahbd1 addressed by him to ,archdeacon ,butler1 which proves that he felt his end approaching1 even before this crisis4 ,dear and ,learned ,namesake1--,this letter is important1 and strictly confidential4 ,i have given ,j4 ,lynes minute and plenary directions for my funeral4 ,i desire you1 if you can1 to preach a short1 unadorned funeral sermon4 ,rann ,kennedy is to read the lesson and grave service1 though ,i could wish you to read the grave service also4 ,say little of me1 but you are sure to say it well4 ,dr4 ,butler complied with his request1 and amply made good the opinion here expressed4 ,he spoke of him like a warm and stedfast friend1 but not like that worst of enemies1 an indiscreet one2 he did not challenge a scrutiny by the extravagance of his praise1 nor break1 by his precious balms1 the head he was most anxious to honour4 ,dr4 ,parr's death was tedious1 and his faculties1 except at intervals1 disturbed4 ,he took an opportunity1 however1 afforded him by one of these intervals1 of summoning about his bed his wife1 grand-children1 and servants2 confessed to them his weaknesses and errors1 asked their forgiveness for any pain he might have caused them by petulance and haste1 and professed his trust in ,god1 through ,christ1 for the pardon of his sins4 ,one expression1 which ,dr4 ,johnstone reports him to have used on this occasion1 is extraordinary--that from the beginning of his life he was not conscious of having fallen into a crime4 ,far be it from us to scrutinize the words of a delirious death-bed--,these must have been uttered 7if1 indeed1 they are accurately given7 either in some peculiar and very limited sense1 or else at a moment when a man is no longer accountable to ,god for what he utters4 ,the latter was1 probably1 the case3 for in the same breath in which he declares his life1 even his early life1 to have been pure1 he sues for pardon at the hands of his ,maker1 and acknowledges a ,redeemer1 as the instrument through which he is to obtain it4 ,that quickness of feeling and disposition to abandon himself to its guidance1 which made ,parr an inconsistent man1 made him also a benevolent one4 ,benevolence he loved as a subject for his contemplation1 and the practical extension of it as a rule for his conduct4 ,he could scarcely bear to regard the ,deity under any other aspect4 ,he would have children taught1 in the first instance1 to regard him under that aspect alone2 simply as a being who displayed infinite goodness in the creation1 in the government1 and in the redemption of the world4 ,language itself indicates1 that the whole system of moral rectitude is comprised in it--,greek3 energetein1 benefacere1 beneficencethe generic term being1 in common parlance1 emphatically restricted to works of charity4 ,nor was this mere theory in ,parr4 ,most men who have been economical from necessity in their youth1 continue to be so1 from habit1 in their age--but ,parr's hand was ever open as day4 ,poverty had vexed1 but had never contracted his spirit2 money he despised1 except as it gave him power--power to ride in his state coach1 to throw wide his doors to hospitality1 to load his table with plate1 and his shelves with learning2 power to adorn his church with chandeliers and painted windows2 to make glad the cottages of his poor2 to grant a loan1 to a tottering farmer2 to rescue from want a forlorn patriot1 or a thriftless scholar4 ,whether misfortune1 or mismanagement1 or folly1 or vice1 had brought its victim low1 his want was a passport to ,parr's pity1 and the dew of his bounty fell alike upon the evil and the good1 upon the just and the unjust4 ,it is told of ,boerhaave1 that1 whenever he saw a criminal led out to execution1 he would say1 ,may not this man be better than ,i8 ,if otherwise1 the praise is due1 not to me1 but to the grace of ,god4 ,parr quotes the saying with applause4 ,such1 we doubt not1 would have been his own feelings on such an occasion4--,quarterly ,review4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,gatherer ,a snapper up of unconsidered trifles4 ,,shakspeare4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,song ,,from ,,the ,,italian ,,of ,p4 ,,rolli4 ,babbling current1 would you know ,why ,i turn to thee again1 ',tis to find relief from woe1 ,respite short from ceaseless pain4 ,i and ,sylvio on a day ,were upon thy bank reclin'd1 ,when dear ,sylvio swore to me1 ,and thus spoke in accents kind3 ,first this flowing tide shall turn ,backward to its fountain head1 ,dearest nymph1 ere thou shall mourn1 ,thy too easy faith betray'd4 ,babbling current1 backward turn1 ,hide thee in thy fountain head2 ,for alas1 ,i'm left to mourn ,my too easy faith betray'd4 ,love and life pursu'd the swain1 ,both must have the self-same date1 ,but mine only he could mean1 ,since his love is turn'd to hate4 ,sure some fairer nymph than ,i1 ,from me lures the lovely youth1 ,haply she receives like me1 ,vows of everlasting truth4 ,babbling current should the fair ,stop to listen on thy shore1 ,bid her1 ,sylvio1 to beware1 ,love and truth he oft had sworn4 ,t4,h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,spring ,,and ,,the ,,morning1 ,a ,ballad4 ,written by ,sir ,lumley ,skeffington1 ,bart4 ,inscribed to ,miss ,foote4 ,when the frosts of the ,winter1 in mildness were ending1 ,to ,april ,i gave half the welcome of ,may2 ,while the ,spring1 fresh in youth1 came delightfully blending ,the buds that are sweet1 and the songs that are gay4 ,as the eyes fixed the heart on a vision so fair1 ,not doubting1 but trusting what magic was there2 ,aloud ,i exclaim'd1 with augmented desire1 ,i thought 'twas the ,spring1 when ,in truth1 'tis ,maria4 ,when the fading of stars1 in the regions of splendour1 ,announc'd that the morning was young in the ,east1 ,on the upland ,i rov'd1 admiration to render1 ,where freshness1 and beauty1 and lustre increas'd4 ,whilst the beams of the morning new pleasures bestow'd1 ,while fondly ,i gaz'd1 while with rapture ,i glow'd2 ,in sweetness commanding1 in elegance bright1 ,maria arose6 a more beautiful light6 ,gentleman's ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,unexpected ,,reproof4 ,the celebrated scholar1 ,muretus1 was taken ill upon the road as he was travelling from ,paris to ,lyons1 and as his appearance was not much in his favour1 he was carried to an hospital4 ,two physicians attended him1 and his disease not being a very common one1 they thought it right to try something new1 and out of the usual road of practice1 upon him4 ,one of them1 not knowing that their patient knew ,latin1 said in that language to the other1 ,we may surely venture to try an experiment upon the body of so mean a man as our patient is4 ,mean1 sir6 replied ,muretus1 in ,latin1 to their astonishment1 can you pretend to call any man so1 sir1 for whom the ,saviour of the world did not think it beneath him to die8 ,,ireland4 ,the following is the territorial surface of ,ireland3-- ,acres4 ,arable land1 gardens1 meadows1 pastures1 and marshes #ab1abe1bhj ,uncultivated lands1 and bogs capable of improvement 444 #d1ijj1jjj ,surface incapable of any kind of improvement#c44444444 #b1daf1ffd ,total of acres #ai1dda1idd #c ,parliamentary ,report4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,rouge ,,et ,,noir4 ,when jovial ,barras was the ,monarch of ,france1 ,and its women all lived in the light of his glance1 ,one eve1 when tall ,tallien and plump ,josephine ,were trying the question1 of which should be ,queen1 ,dame ,josephine hung on one side of his chair1 ,with her ,west ,indian bosom as brown as 'twas bare2 ,dame ,tallien as fondly on t'other side hung1 ,with a blush that might burn up the spot where she clung4 ,old ,sieyes stalked in2 saw my lord at his wine1 ,now toasting the copper-skin1 now the carmine2 ,then starting away1 cried1 ,barras1 le bon soir2 ',twas for business ,i came2 ,i leave you ,rouge et ,noir4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,limbird',s ,,editions4 ,,cheap and ,,popular ,,works published at the ,,mirror ,,office in the ,strand1 near ,somerset ,house4 ,the ,,arabian ,,nights' ,,entertainments1 ,embellished with nearly #aej ,engravings4 ,price #fs4 #f;d4 boards ,the ,,tales of the ,,genii4 ,price #bs4 ,the ,,microcosm4 ,by the ,right ,hon4 ,g4 ,,canning4 c4 ,price #bs4 ,,plutarch',s ,,lives1 with ,fifty ,portraits1 #b vols4 price #acs4 boards4 ,,cowper',s ,,poems1 with #ab ,engravings1 price #cs4 #f;d4 boards4 ,,cook',s ,,voyages1 #b vols4 price #hs4 boards4 ,the ,,cabinet of ,,curiosities3 or ,,wonders of the ,,world ,,displayed ,price #es4 boards4 ,,beauties of ,,scott4 #b vols4 price #gs4 boards4 ,the ,,arcana of ,,science for #ahbh4 ,price #ds4 #f;d4 ,any of the above ,works can be purchased in ,parts4 ,,goldsmith',s ,,essays4 ,price #h;d4 ,,dr4 ,,franklin',s ,,essays4 ,price #as4 #b;d4 ,,bacon',s ,,essays ,price #h;d4 ,,salmagundi4 ,price #as4 #h;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,printed and ,published by ,j4 ,,limbird1 #adc1 ,strand1 7near ,somerset ,house17 ,london2 sold by ,,ernest ,,fleischer1 #fbf1 ,new ,market1 ,leipsic2 and by all ,newsmen and ,booksellers4