file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #aadfc-;h4htm or #aadfc-;h4zip3 7http3_/_/www4ibiblio4org_/gutenberg_/#a _/a_/d_/f_/aadfc_/aadfc-;h_/#aadfc-;h4ht m7 or 7http3_/_/www4ibiblio4org_/gutenberg_/#a _/a_/d_/f_/aadfc_/aadfc-;h4zip7 ,,the ,,mirror ,,of ,,literature1 ,,amusement1 ,,and ,,instruction4 ,,vol4 #ad1 ,,no4 #djd4 ,,saturday1 ,,december #ab1 #ahbi4 ,,price #b;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,royal ,observatory1 ,greenwich4 ,illustration3 ,the ,royal ,observatory1 ,greenwich4 ,in the present almanack season1 as it is technically called1 the above illustration of our pages may not be inappropriate or ill-timed1 inasmuch as it represents the spot whence all ,english astronomers make their calculations4 ,the ,observatory was built by ,charles ,,ii41 in the year #afge--probably1 observes a recent writer1 with no better motive than to imitate ,louis ,,xiv41 who had just completed the erection and endowment of an observatory at ,paris4 ,the ,english ,observatory was fortunately placed under the direction of the celebrated ,flamstead1 whose name the hill1 or site of the building1 still retains4 ,he was appointed astronomer-royal in #afgf2 but ,charles 7as in the case of the curious dial at ,whitehall1 described by us a few weeks since#a71 neglected to complete what he had so well begun3 and ,flamstead entered upon the duties of his appointment with instruments principally provided at his own expense1 and that of a zealous patron of science1 ,james ,moore4 ,it should seem that this species of parsimony is hereditary in the ,english ,government1 for1 upon the authority of the ,quarterly ,review1 we learn that within the wide range of the ,british ,islands there is only one observatory 7,greenwich71 and scarcely one supported by the ,government4 ,we say scarcely one1 because we believe that some of the instruments in the observatory at ,greenwich were purchased out of the private funds of the ,royal ,society of ,london4#b #a ,for this very accurate ,description with an ,engraving1 see ,,mirror1 ,no4 #djj4 #b ,for the remainder of the ,extract1 c4 see ,,mirror1 vol4 xii4 p4 #aea4 ,only a few days since we saw recorded an instance of enthusiasm in the study of astronomy1 which will never be forgotten4 ,we allude to ,mr4 ,south's splendid purchase at ,paris2 yet all the aid he received was some trifling remission of duty6 ,the first stone of this ,observatory was laid by ,flamstead1 on the #ajth of ,august1 #afge4 ,it stands #afj feet above low-water mark1 and principally consists of two separate buildings3 the first contains three rooms on the ground-floor--viz4 the transit-room1 towards the east1 the quadrant-room1 towards the west1 and the assistant's sitting and calculating-room1 in the middle2 above which is his bed-room1 the latter being furnished with sliding shutters in the roof4 ,in the transit-room is an eight-feet transit-instrument1 with an axis of three feet1 resting on two piers of stone3 this was made by ,bird1 but has been much improved by ,dolland1 ,troughton1 and others4 ,near it is a curious transit-clock1 made by ,graham1 but greatly improved by ,earnshaw1 who so simplified the train as to exclude two or three wheels1 and also added cross-braces to the gridiron-pendulum1 by which an error of a second per day1 arising from its sudden starts1 was corrected4 ,the quadrant-room has a stone pier in the middle1 running north and south1 having on its east face a mural-quadrant1 of eight feet radius1 made by ,bird1 in #agdi1 by which observations are made on the southern quarter of the meridian1 through an opening in the roof three feet wide1 produced by means of two sliding shutters2 on its west face is another eight-feet mural quadrant1 with an iron frame1 and an arch of brass1 made by ,graham1 in #agbe3 this is applied to the north quarter of the meridian4 ,in the same apartment is the famous zenith-sector1 twelve feet in length1 with which ,dr4 ,bradley1 at ,wanstead1 and at ,kew1 made those observations which led to the discovery of the aberration and nutation3 here also is ,dr4 ,hooke's reflecting telescope1 and three telescopes by ,harrison4 ,on the south side of this room is a small building1 for observing the eclipses of ,jupiter's satellites1 occultations1 c41 with sliding shutters at the roof and sides1 to view any portion of the hemisphere1 from the prime verticle down to the southern horizon3 this contains a forty-inch achromatic1 by the inventor1 ,mr4 ,john ,dolland1 with a triple object-glass1 a most perfect instrument of its kind2 and a five-feet achromatic1 by ,john and ,peter ,dolland1 his sons4 ,here1 likewise1 are a two-feet reflecting-telescope 7the metals of which were ground by the ,rev4 ,mr4 ,edwards71 and a six-feet reflector1 by ,dr4 ,herschell4 ,the lower part of the house serves merely for a habitation2 but above is a large octagonal room1 which1 being now seldom wanted for astronomical purposes1 is used as a repository for such instruments as are too large to be generally employed in the apartments first described1 or for old instruments1 which modern improvements have superseded4 ,among the former is a most excellent ten-feet achromatic1 by the present ,mr4 ,dolland1 and a six-feet reflector1 by ,short1 with a clock to be used with them4 ,in the latter class1 besides many curious and original articles1 which are deposited in boxes and cupboards1 is the first transit instrument that was1 probably1 ever made1 having the telescope near one end of the axis2 and two long telescopes with square wooden tubes1 of very ancient date4 ,here1 likewise1 is the library1 which is stored with scarce and curious old astronomical works1 including ,dr4 ,halley's original observations1 and ,captain ,cook's ,journals4 ,good busts of ,flamstead and ,newton1 on pedestals1 ornament this apartment2 and in one corner is a dark narrow staircase1 leading to the leads above1 whence the prospect is uncommonly grand2 and to render the pleasure more complete1 there is1 in the western turret1 a camera obscura1 of unrivalled excellence1 by which all the surrounding objects1 both movable and immovable1 are beautifully represented in their own natural colours1 on a concave table of plaster of ,paris1 about three feet in diameter4 ,on the north side of the ,observatory are two small buildings1 covered with hemispherical sliding domes1 in each of which is an equatorial sector1 made by ,sisson1 and a clock1 by ,arnold1 with a three-barred pendulum1 which are seldom used but for observing comets4 ,the celebrated ,dry-well1 which was made to observe the earth's annual parallax1 and for seeing the stars in the day-time1 is situated near the south-east corner of the garden1 behind the ,observatory1 but has been arched over1 the great improvements in telescopes having long rendered it unnecesary4 ,it contains a stone staircase1 winding from the top to the bottom4 ,the ,rev4 ,john ,flamstead1 ,dr4 ,halley1 ,dr4 ,bradley1 ,dr4 ,bliss1 ,dr4 ,nev4 ,maskelyne1 and ,john ,pond1 ,esq4 have been the successive astronomers-royal since the foundation of this edifice4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,twin ,,sisters4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,the most extraordinary instance of this kind on record is that of the united twins1 born at ,saxony1 in ,hungary1 in #agja2 and publicly exhibited in many parts of ,europe1 among others in ,england1 and living till #agbc4 ,they were joined at the back1 below the loins1 and had their faces and bodies placed half side-ways towards each other4 ,they were not equally strong nor well made1 and the most powerful1 7for they had separate wills7 dragged the other after her1 when she wanted to go any where4 ,at six years1 one had a paralytic affection of the left side1 which left her much weaker than the other4 ,there was a great difference in their functions and health4 ,they had different temperaments2 when one was asleep the other was often awake2 one had a desire for food when the other had not1 c4 ,they had the small pox and measles at one and the same time1 but other disorders separately4 ,judith was often convulsed1 while ,helen remained free from indisposition2 one of them had a catarrh and a cholic1 while the other was well4 ,their intellectual powers were different2 they were brisk1 merry1 and well bred2 they could read1 write1 and sing1 very prettily2 could speak several languages1 as ,hungarian1 ,german1 ,french1 and ,english4 ,they died together1 and were buried in the ,convent of the ,nuns of ,st4 ,ursula1 at ,presburgh4 ,p4,t4,w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,elegy ,,on ,,the ,,death ,,of ,a ,,sparrow4 ,catullus1 ,carmen #c4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,oh1 mourn ye deities of love4 ,and ye whose minds distress can move1 ,bewail a ,sparrow's fate2 ,the ,sparrow1 favourite of my fair1 ,fond object of her tend'rest care1 ,her loss indeed how great4 ,for so affectionate it grew1 ,and its delighted mistress knew ,as well as she her mother2 ,nor would it e'er her lap forsake1 ,but hopping round about would make ,some sportive trick or other4 ,it now that gloomy road has pass'd4 ,that road which all must go at last1 ,from whence there's no retreat2 ,but evil to you1 shades of death1 ,for having thus deprived of breath ,a favourite so sweet4 ,oh1 shameful deed6 oh1 hapless bird6 ,my charmer1 since its death occurr'd1 ,so many tears has shed1 ,that her dear eyes1 through pain and grief1 ,and woe1 admitting no relief1 ,alas1 are swoln and red4 ,t4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,fine ,,arts 99 99 99 99 99 ,,gothic ,,architecture4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,the following explanation of a few of the terms employed to designate parts of ,gothic architecture1 may1 perhaps1 prove acceptable to some of your readers4 ,having felt the need of such assistance in the course of my own reading1 c4 c4--,i extracted them from an expensive work on the subject1 and have only to lament that my vocabulary should be so defective4 ,buttresses4--,projections between the windows and at the corners4 ,corbel4--,an ornamental projection from the wall to support an arch1 niche1 beam1 or other apparent weight4 ,it is often a head or part of a figure4 ,bands4--,either small strings around shafts1 or horizontal lines of square1 round1 and other formed panels1 used to ornament spires1 towers1 and similar works4 ,cornice4--,the tablet at the top of a wall1 running under the battlement4 ,it becomes a ,basement when at the bottom of it1 and beneath this the wall is generally thicker4 ,battlement4--,it may be indented or plain2 sunk1 panelled1 or pierced4 ,crockets4--,small bunches of foliage1 ornamenting canopies and pinnacles4 ,canopies4--,adorned drip-stones4--,vide ,dripstone4 ,crypts4--,vaulted chapels under some large churches1 and a few small ones4 ,crisps4--,small arches2 sometimes double-feathered1 and according to the number of them in immediate connexion2 they are termed tre-foils1 quatre-foils1 cinque-foils1 c4 ,dripstone4--,the tablet running round doors and windows4 ,featherings or ,foliations4--,parts of tracery ornamented with small arches and points1 are termed ,feathered1 or ,foliated4 ,finials4--,large crockets surmounting canopies and pinnacles4 ,this term is frequently applied to the whole pinnacle4 ,machicolations4--,projecting battlements1 with intervals for discharging missiles on the heads of assailants4 ,mullions4--,by these1 windows are divided into lights4 ,parapet4--,when walls are crowned with a parapet1 it is straight at the top4 ,pinnacle4--,a small spire1 generally four-sided1 and placed on the top of buttresses1 c41 both exterior and interior4 ,piers4--,spaces in the interior of a building between the arches4 ,rood ,loft4--,in ancient churches1 not collegiate1 a screen between the nave and chancel was so called1 which had on the top of it a large projection1 whereon were placed certain images1 especially those which composed the rood4 ,set-offs4--,the mouldings and slopes dividing buttresses into stages4 ,spandrells4--,spaces1 either plain or ornamented1 between an arch and the square formed round it4 ,stoups4--,the basins in niches1 which held holy water4 ,near the altar in old churches1 or where the altar has been1 is sometimes found another niche1 distinguished from the stoup1 by having in it at the bottom1 a small aperture for carrying off the water2 it is often double with a place for bread4 ,tabernacle-work4--,ornamented open work over stalls2 and generally any minute ornamental open-work4 ,tablets4--,small projecting mouldings or strings1 mostly horizontal4 ,tracery4--,ornaments of the division at the heads of windows4 ,flowing1 when the lines branch out into flowers1 leaves1 arches1 c4 ,perpendicular1 when the mullions are continued through the straight lines4 ,transoms4--,the horizontal divisions of windows and panelling4 ,turrets4--,towers of great height in proportion to their diameter are so called4 ,large towers have often turrets at their corners2 often one larger than the other1 containing a staircase2 and sometimes they have only that one4 ,,british ,,styles ,,of ,,architecture1 ,,and ,,their ,,duration4 ,the ,norman--,commenced before the conquest1 and continued until the reign of ,henry ,,ii4 ,a4,d41 #aahi4 ,it is characterized by semicircular1 and sometimes pointed1 arches1 rudely ornamented4 ,early ,english4--,this style lasted until the reign of ,edward ,i41 ,a4,d4 #acjg4 ,its characteristics are1 pointed arches1 long narrow windows1 and the jagged or toothed ornament4 ,decorated ,english--,lasted to the end of ,edward ,,iii41 ,a4,d4 #acgg4 ,it is characterized by large windows with pointed arches divided into many lights by mullions4 ,the tracery of this style is in flowing lines1 forming figures4 ,it has many ornaments1 light and delicately wrought4 ,perpendicular ,english4--,this last style employed latterly only in additions1 was in use1 though much debased1 even as late as #afcj-dj4 ,the latest whole building in it1 is not later than ,henry ,,viii4 ,its characteristics are the mullions of the windows1 and ornamental panelings1 run in perpendicular lines2 and many buildings in this style are so crowded with ornament1 that the beauty of the style is destroyed4 ,the carvings of it are delicately executed4 ,m4,l4,b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,novelist4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,abad ,,and ,,ada4 ,a lost leaf from the ,arabian ,nights4 7,for the ,mirror47 ,in the days of ,caliph ,haroun ,alraschid1 the neighbourhood of ,bagdad was infested by a clan of banditti1 known by the name of the ,ranger ,band4 ,their rendezvous was known to be the forests and mountains2 but their immediate retreat was a mystery time had not divulged4 ,that they were valiant1 the intrepidity with which they attacked in the glare of noonday would demonstrate2 that they were numerous1 the many robberies carried on in the different parts of the ,caliph's dominions would indicate2 and that they were bloody1 their invariable practice of killing their victim before they plundered him would argue4 ,they had sworn by their ,prophet never to betray one another1 and by the ,angel of ,death to shed their blood in each other's defence4 ,no wonder1 then1 that they were so difficult to be captured2 and when taken1 no tortures or promises of reward could extract from them any information as to the retreat of their comrades4 ,one day1 as ,giafar1 the ,vizier1 and favourite of the ,caliph1 was walking alone in a public garden of the city1 a stranger appeared1 who1 after prostrating himself before the second man in the empire1 addressed him in these words3 ,high and mighty ,vizier of ,alraschid1 ,lord of the realms of ,alla upon earth1 whose delegate and vicegerent he is1 hear the humblest of the sons of men--,vizier1 hear me6 ,speak1 son1 said the ,vizier1 ,i am patient4 ,and1 continued the stranger1 what ,i have to communicate1 be pleased to transmit to our gracious and well-beloved ,caliph4 ,let me hear thy suit--it may be in my power to assist you1 replied the ,vizier4 ,the beauteous ,ada is in the clutches of ruffians1 responded the stranger2 and-- ,well1 said the ,vizier1 proceed4 ,to be brief1 the forest bandit snatched her from my arms--we were betrothed4 ,i have applied to a mighty enchanter1 the ,genius of the ,dale1 who tells me she is still living1 and in the cavern of the bandit--that her beauty and innocence melted the hearts of robbers1 and that were they not afraid of their haunt being discovered1 they would have restored her to liberty2 but where that cavern is was beyond his power to tell4 ,however1 he has informed me how ,i may demand and obtain the assistance of a much more powerful enchanter than himself2 but that genius being the help of ,muloch1 the ,spirit of the ,mountain1 ,i need the aid of the ,caliph himself4 ,may it please the highness of mighty ,giafar to bend before the majesty of the ,sovereign of the ,east1 and supplicate in behalf of thy servant ,abad4 ,how1 said the ,vizier1 can the ,caliph be of service to thee8 ,it is requisite1 replied the stranger1 that my hand be stained with the blood of the ,caliph1 before ,i summon this most mighty fiend6-- ,how6 cried the astonished ,vizier1 would'st thou shed the blood of our beloved master8--,no1 by ,alla6-- ,pardon me1 rejoined the stranger1 interrupting him1 and ,heaven avert that any thought of harm against the father of his people should warm the breast of ,abad2 ,i wish only to anoint my finger with as much of his precious blood as would hide the point of the finest needle2 and should this most inestimable favour be conferred upon me1 ,i undertake1 under pain of suffering all the tortures that human ingenuity can devise1 or devilish vengeance inflict1 to exterminate the hated race of banditti who now infest the forests of the ,east4 ,son1 said the aged ,vizier1 ,i will plead thy cause2 meet me here on the morrow1 and in the mean time consider thy request as granted4 ,father1 ,i take my leave2 and may the ,guardian of the ,good shower down a thousand blessings on thy head6 ,abad made a profound obeisance to the ,vizier1 and they separated3 the latter to conduct the affairs of the state1 and the former to toil through the more menial labours of the day4 ,morning came2 ,abad was at the appointed spot before sunrise1 and waited with impatience for the expected hour when the ,vizier was to arrive4 ,the ,vizier was punctual2 and with him1 in a plain habit1 was the ,caliph himself1 who underwent the operation of having blood drawn from him by the hand of ,abad4 ,at midnight1 ,abad1 as he had been directed by the ,genius of the ,dale1 went to the cave of the ,spirit of the ,mountain4 ,he was alone6 ,it was pitchy dark2 the winds howled through the thick foliage of the forest2 the owls shrieked1 and the wolves bayed2 the loneliness of the place was calculated to inspire terror6 and the idea of meeting such a personage1 at such an hour1 did not contribute to the removal of that terror6 ,he trembled most violently4 ,at length1 summoning up courage he entered the mystic cell1 and commenced challenging the assistance of the ,spirit of the ,mountain in the following words3 ,in the name of the ,genius of the ,dale ,i conjure you6 by our holy ,prophet ,i command you6 by the darkness of this murky night ,i entreat you6 and by the blood of a ,caliph1 shed by this weak arm1 ,i allure you1 most potent ,muloch1 to appear6 ,muloch rise6 help6 appear6 ,at this instant the monster appeared1 in the form of a human being of gigantic stature and proportions1 having a fierce aspect1 large1 dark1 rolling eyes1 bushy eyebrows1 and a thick black beard--attired in the habit of a blacksmith6 ,he bore a huge hammer in his right hand1 and in his left he carried a pair of pincers1 in which was grasped a piece of shapeless metal4 ,his eyes flashed with indignation as he flourished the ponderous hammer over his head1 as though it had been a small sword--when1 striking the metal he held in the forceps1 a round1 well-formed shield fell from the stroke4 ,mortal6 vociferated the enchanter1 in a voice of thunder1 there is thy weapon and defence6--flinging the weighty hammer on the ample shield1 the collision of which produced a sound in unison with the deep bass of ,muloch's voice2 nor did the reverberation that succeeded cease to ring in the ears of ,abad until several minutes after the spectre had disappeared4 ,abad rejoiced when the fearful visit was over1 and1 well pleased with his success1 was preparing to depart2 but his joy was damped on finding the hammer so heavy that he could not1 without difficulty1 remove it from off the shield4 ,he left it in the cave1 and returned with the shield only1 comforting himself that however he might be at a loss for a weapon1 he had a shield that would render him invincible4 ,his next care was to discover the retreat of the robbers1 otherwise he was waging a war with shadows4 ,after making every inquiry1 and wandering in vain for several months in quest of them1 he was not able to obtain a glimpse of the objects of his search4 ,still they seemed to possess ubiquity4 ,their depredations continued1 murders multiplied1 and their attacks became more open and formidable4 ,missions were sent daily to the royal city from the emirs and governors of provinces residing at a distance with the most lamentable accounts1 and soldiers were dispatched in large bodies to scour the country1 but all was of no avail4 ,abad had almost abandoned himself to despair1 when1 one lovely evening1 as he wandered along the banks of the ,tigris1 he observed a boat1 laden with armed men1 sailing rapidly down the river4 ,these must be a party of the ranger band4 ,oh1 ,mahomet6 said he1 prostrating himself on the earth1 be thou my guide6 ,at length the crew landed on the opposite shore1 which was a continued series of crags1 and fastening a chain attached to the boat to a staple driven into the rock1 under the surface of the water1 they suffered the vessel to float with the stream beneath the overhanging rocks1 which afforded a convenient shelter and hiding place for it1 as it was impossible for any one passing up or down the river to notice it4 ,having landed1 the party ascended the acclivity1 when1 suddenly halting and looking round1 to ascertain that they were not observed1 they removed a large rolling stone that blockaded the entrance1 and went into what appeared a natural cavern1 then closing the inlet4 ,not a vestige of them remained in sight1 and nature seemed to reign alone amidst the sublimest of her works4 ,hope again glowed in the breast of ,abad2 he soon found means for crossing the stream1 and marched boldly to the very entrance of the robber's cave1 and with all his might attempted to roll the stone from its axis4 ,but here he was again doomed to disappointment3 without the possession of the talisman1 kept by the captain of the band1 he might as well have attempted to roll the mountain on which he stood into the water beneath1 as to have shifted the massy portal3 the strength of ten thousand men1 could their united efforts have been made available at one and the same time1 would not have been sufficient even to stir it4 ,abad was returning1 disappointed and murmuring at his fate1 when he bethought himself of the hammer which ,muloch1 the ,spirit of the ,mountain1 had promised should be of such powerful aid4 ,he hastened to the place where he had left the large instrument1 and the next day brought it to the robbers' cave4 ,he was in the act of lifting the massive weight1 to have shattered the adamantine stoppage1 when he was surprised by a noise behind him4 ,he looked1 and saw the banditti trooping up the ravine3 they were returning1 on horseback1 from an expedition of plunder1 laden with conquest4 ,abad hastily1 to avoid discovery1 struck the large stone with the charmed hammer1 when it receded from the blow and1 admitting him into the cave1 closed itself upon him4 ,the bandit chief1 on seeing a stranger enter1 ordered his men to advance rapidly up the ravine1 which leads from the waters of the ,tigris to the very threshold of the cave1 embosomed amidst gigantic and stately rocks4 ,the captain in vain applied the magic talisman to the charmed stone2 the more potent shield of ,muloch was within4 ,enraged at being thus thwarted1 he demanded admittance4 ,abad made no reply1 but1 raising the enchanted hammer against the ponderous bulwark with his whole strength 7and he felt as though gifted with more than mortal strength71 he1 at one tremendous blow1 dislodged the stone which had stood at the entrance of the cave1 amidst the shock of tempests and the convulsions of nature1 from the creation of the world--as hard as adamant1 heavy as gold1 and as round as the balls on the cupolas of ,bagdad4 ,the bulk rolled down the ravine1 bearing with it trees and fragments of rock2 men and horses1 and all meaner obstructions1 were crushed to atoms beneath its weight1 as it thundered down the sloping track1 and occasionally fell over the steep precipices1 which only served to increase its velocity6 nor did it stop in its headlong career until it had annihilated the whole of the ranger band1 and disappeared amidst the boiling foam of the angry ,tigris6 ,abad1 wrapt in wonder1 cast his eyes on the earth1 to view the terrific instrument with which he had performed so wonderful an exploit2 but1 to add more to his astonishment1 the hammer and shield had vanished6 ,curiosity1 and the hope of meeting his betrothed1 now led him to explore the winding recesses of the mystic cavern1 which consisted of numerous archways--some artificial1 others1 the natural formation of subterranean rocks1 leading to a large apartment1 in which were deposited the spoils which a century of plunder had contributed to accumulate4 ,whilst feasting his eyes on the rich piles of jewellery1 and reviewing the bags of gold which everywhere presented themselves1 his eyes met the features of a female4 ,he could not be mistaken--he looked again as she advanced nearer the light--it was the beauteous ,ada1 still young and lovely6 ,bagdad did not possess such a maiden1 nor did poet ever paint a fairer form6 ,abad thought her nothing inferior to the ,houris of ,paradise4 ,she fulfilled every expectation through a long and virtuous life1 during which time they enjoyed the ill-gotten wealth of the ranger band2 and1 although the splendour of their living was exceeded only by that of the ,caliph's1 they were bountiful to their dependents3 they built an asylum for the destitute--were universally beloved and respected--and their magnificence was only surpassed by their benevolence6 ,,cymbeline4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,old ,,poets4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,shame4 ,shame sticks ever close to the ribs of honour1 ,great men are never found after it3 ,it leaves some ache or other in their names still1 ,which their posterity feels at ev'ry weather4 ,,middleton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,parents4 ,from damned deeds abstain1 ,from lawless riots and from pleasure's vain2 ,if not regarding of thy own degree1 ,yet in behalf of thy posterity4 ,for we are docible to imitate4 ,depraved pleasures though degenerate4 ,be careful therefore least thy son admit ,by ear or eye things filthy or unfit4 ,,lodge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sin4 ,shame follows sin1 disgrace is daily given1 ,impiety will out1 never so closely done1 ,no walls can hide us from the eye of heaven1 ,for shame must end what wickedness begun1 ,forth breaks reproach when we least think thereon4 ,,daniell4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wisdom4 ,a wise man poor ,is like a sacred book that's never read1 ,t' himself he lives1 and to all else seems dead4 ,this age thinks better of a gilded fool1 ,than of thread-bare saint in ,wisdom's school ,,dekkar4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,charity4 ,she was a woman in the freshest age1 ,of wondrous beauty1 and of bounty rare1 ,with goodly grace1 and comely personage4 ,that was on earth not easy to compare1 ,full of great love2 but ,cupid's wanton snare ,as hell she hated1 chaste in work and will1 ,her neck and breast were ever open bare1 ,that aye thereof her babes might suck their fill1 ,the rest was all in yellow robes arrayed still1 ,a multitude of babes about her hung1 ,playing their sports that joyed her to behold1 ,whom still she fed1 while they were weak and young1 ,but thrust them forth still as they waxed old1 ,and on her head she wore a tire of gold2 ,adorn'd with gems and ouches fair1 ,whose passing price unneath was to be told1 ,and by her side there sat a gentle pair ,of turtle-doves1 she sitting in an ivory chair4 ,,spenser4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is a work of ,charity ,god knows1 ,the reconcilement of two mortal foes4 ,,middleton4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,courage4 ,when the air is calm and still1 as dead and deaf ,and under heaven quakes not an aspen leaf3 ,when seas are calm and thousand vessels fleet ,upon the sleeping seas with passage sweet2 ,and when the variant wind is still and lone ,the cunning pilot never can be known3 ,but when the cruel storm doth threat the bark ,to drown in deeps of pits infernal dark1 ,while tossing tears both rudder1 mast1 and sail1 ,while mounting1 seems the azure skies to scale1 ,while drives perforce upon some deadly shore1 ,there is the pilot known1 and not before4 ,t4 ,,hudson4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,envy4 ,the knotty oak and wainscot old1 ,within doth eat the silly worm3 ,even so a mind in envy cold1 ,always within itself doth burn4 ,,fitz ,,jeffry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,opinion4 ,opinion is as various as light change1 ,now speaking courtlike1 friendly1 straight as strange1 ,she's any humour's perfect parasite1 ,displeas'd with her1 and pleas'd with her delight4 ,she is the echo of inconstancy1 ,soothing her no with nay1 her ay with yea4 ,,guilpin4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,slander4 ,happy is he that lives in such a sort ,that need not fear the tongues of false report4 ,,earl ,,of ,,surrey4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,sleep4 ,by care lay heavy ,sleep the cousin of ,death1 ,flat on the ground1 and still as any stone2 ,a very corpse1 save yielding forth a breath1 ,small keep took he whom ,fortune frown'd on1 ,or whom she lifted up into a throne ,of high renown2 but as a living death ,so dead alive1 of life he drew the breath4 ,,sackville4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,war4 ,war the mistress of enormity1 ,mother of mischief1 monster of deformity1 ,laws1 manners1 arts1 she breaks1 she mars1 she chases1 ,blood1 tears1 bowers1 towers1 she spills1 smites1 burns1 and rases1 ,her brazen teeth shake all the earth asunder2 ,her mouth a fire brand1 her voice is thunder2 ,her looks are lightning1 every glance a flash1 ,her fingers guns1 that all to powder plash1 ,fear and despair1 flight and disorder1 coast ,with hasty march before her murderous host1 ,as burning1 rape1 waste1 wrong1 impiety1 ,rage1 ruin1 discord1 horror1 cruelty1 ,sack1 sacrilege1 impunity1 pride4 ,are still stern consorts by her barbarous side2 ,and poverty1 sorrow1 and desolation1 ,follow her army's bloody transmigration4 ,,sylvester4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,excellence4 ,of all chaste birds the phoenix doth excel1 ,of all strong beasts the lion bears the bell1 ,of all sweet flowers the rose doth sweetest smell4 ,of all pure metals gold is only purest1 ,of all the trees the pine hath highest crest4 ,of all proud birds the eagle pleaseth ,jove1 ,of pretty fowls kind ,venus likes the dove1 ,of trees ,minerva doth the olive move4 ,,lodge4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,naturalist4 ,,cochineal ,,insect ,,and ,,plant4 ,illustration3 ,,cochineal ,,insect ,,and ,,plant4 ,the frequent mention of the ,cochineal ,insect and ,plant in our pages will1 probably1 render the annexed cut of more than ordinary interest to our readers4#c #c ,see the ,propagation of the ,insect in ,spain1 ,,mirror1 vol4 xii4 and an attempt to naturalize the same at the ,cambridge ,botanical ,garden1 page #bag1 of the present volume4 ,the plant on which the ,cochineal ,insect is found1 is called the ,nopal1 a species of ,opuntia1 or ,prickly ,pear1 which abounds on all the coasts of the ,mediterranean2 and is thus described by ,mr4 ,thompson1 in his work entitled1 ,official ,visit to ,guatemala2 ,the nopal is a plant consisting of little stems1 but expanding itself into wide1 thick leaves1 more or less prickly according to its different kind3 one or two of these leaves being set as one plant1 at the distance of two or three feet square from each other1 are inoculated with the cochineal1 which1 ,i scarcely need say1 is an insect2 it is the same as if you would take the blight off an apple or other common tree1 and rub a small portion of it on another tree free from the contagion1 when the consequence would be1 that the tree so inoculated would become covered with the blight2 a small quantity of the insects in question is sufficient for each plant1 which in proportion as it increases its leaves1 is sure to be covered with this costly parasite4 ,when the plant is perfectly saturated1 the cochineal is scraped off with great care4 ,the plants are not very valuable for the first year1 but they may be estimated as yielding after the second year1 from a dollar and a half profit on each plant4 ,the insect is famous for the fine scarlet dye which it communicates to wool and silk4 ,the females yield the best colour1 and are in number to the males as three hundred to one4 ,cochineal was at first supposed to be a grain1 which name it retains by way of eminence among dyers1 but naturalists soon discovered it to be an insect4 ,its present importance in dyeing is an excellent illustration of chemistry applied to the arts2 for long after its introduction1 it gave but a dull kind of crimson1 till a chemist named ,kuster1 who settled at ,bow1 near ,london1 about the middle of the sixteenth century1 discovered the use of the solution of tin1 and the means of preparing with it and cochineal1 a durable and beautiful scarlet4 ,fine cochineal1 which has been well dried and properly kept1 ought to be of a grey colour inclining to purple4 ,the grey is owing to a powder which covers it naturally1 a part of which it still retains2 the purple tinge proceeds from the colour extracted by the water in which it has been killed4 ,cochineal will keep a long time in a dry place4 ,hellot says1 that he tried some one hundred and thirty years old1 and found it produce the same effect as new4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,large ,,chestnut-,,tree4 ,there is now in the neigbourhood of ,dovercourt1 in ,essex1 upon the estate of ,sir ,t4 ,gaisford1 a chestnut-tree fifty-six feet in circumference1 which flourishes well1 and has had a very good crop of chestnuts for many years4 ,j4,t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,spirit ,,of ,,the ,,public ,,journals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i',d ,,be ,,an ,,alderman ,i'd be an ,alderman1 born in the ,city1 ,where haunches of venison and green turtles meet ,seeking in ,leadenliall1 reckless of pity1 ,birds1 beast1 and fish1 that the knowing ones eat ,i'd never languish for want of a luncheon4 ,i'd never grieve for the want of a treat2 ,i'd be an ,alderman1 constantly munching1 ,where haunches of venison and green turtles meet4 ,oh6 could ,i wheedle the votes at the vestry1 ,i'd have a share of those good sav'ry things2 ,enchained by turkey1 in love with the pastry4 ,and floating in ,champagne1 while ,bow bells ring4 ,those who are cautious are skinny and fretful1 ,hunger1 alas6 naught but ill-humour brings2 ,i'd be an ,alderman1 rich with a net full1 ,rolling in ,guildhall1 whilst old ,bow bells ring4 ,what though you tell me that prompt apoplexy ,grins o'er the glories of ,lord ,mayor's ,day1 ',tis better1 my boy1 than blue devils to vex ye1 ,or ling'ring consumption to gnaw you away4 ,some in their folly take black-draught and blue-pill1 ,and ask ,,abernethy their fate to delay2 ,i'd he an ,alderman1 ,,waithman',s apt pupil1 ,failing when dinner things are clearing away4 ,monthly ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,,provincial ,,reputation4 ,i once resided in a country town2 ,i will not specify whether that town was ,devizes or ,doncaster1 ,beverley or ,brighton3 ,i think it highly reprehensible in a writer to be personal1 and scarcely more venial do ,i consider the fault of him who presumes to be local4 ,i will1 however1 state1 that my residence lay among the manufacturing districts2 but lest any of my readers should be misled by that avowal1 ,i must inform them1 that in my estimation all country towns1 from the elegant ,bath1 down to the laborious ,bristol1 are 7whatever their respective polite or mercantile inhabitants may say to the contrary71 positively1 comparatively1 and superlatively1 manufacturing towns6 ,club-rooms1 ball-rooms1 card-tables1 and confectioners' shops1 are the factories2 and gossips1 both male and female1 are the labouring classes4 ,norwich boasts of the durability of her stuffs2 the manufacturers ,i allude to weave a web more flimsy4 ,the stuff of tomorrow will seldom be the same that is publicly worn to-day2 and were it not for the zeal and assiduity of the labourers1 we should want novelties to replace the stuff that is worn out hour by hour4 ,no man or woman who ever ventures to deviate from the beaten track should ever live in a country town4 ,the gossips all turn from the task of nibbling one another1 and the character of the lusus naturae becomes public property4 ,i am the mother of a family1 and ,i am known to have written romances4 ,my husband1 in an evil hour1 took a fancy to a house at a watering-place1 which1 by way of distinction1 ,i shall designate by the appellation of ,pumpington ,wells3 there we established ourselves in the year #ahjj4 ,the manufacturers received us with a great show of civility1 exhibiting to us the most recent stuff1 and discussing the merits of the newest fabrications4 ,we1 however1 were not used to trouble ourselves about matters that did not concern us1 and we soon offended them4 ,we turned a deaf ear to all evil communications4 ,if we were told that ,mr4 ,a41 though fond of show1 starved his servants1 we replied1 we did not wish to listen to the tale4 ,if we heard that ,mr4 ,b4 though uxorious in public1 was known to beat his wife in private1 we cared not for the matrimonial anecdote4 ,when maiden ladies assured us that ,mrs4 ,c4 cheated at cards1 we smiled1 for we had no dealings with her2 and when we were told that ,mrs4 ,d4 never paid her bills1 we repeated not the account to the next person we met2 for as we were not her creditors1 her accounts concerned us not4 ,we settled ourselves1 much to our satisfaction1 in our provincial abode3 it was a watering-place1 which my husband1 as a bachelor1 had frequented during its annual season4 ,as a watering-place he knew it well4 ,such places are vastly entertaining to visiters1 having no local habitation1 and no name--caring not for the politics of the place1 and where1 if any thing displeases them1 they may pay for their lodgings1 order post-horses1 and never suffer their names to appear in the arrival book again4 ,but with those who live at watering-places1 it is quite another affair4 ,for the first six months we were deemed a great acquisition4 ,there were two or three sets in ,pumpington ,wells--the good1 the bad1 and the indifferent4 ,the bad left their cards1 and asked us to dances1 the week we arrived2 the indifferent knocked at our door in the first month2 and even before the end of the second1 we were on the visiting lists of the good4 ,we knew enough of society to be aware that it is impolitic to rush into the embraces of all the arms that are extended to receive strangers2 but feeling no wish to affront any one in return for an intended civility1 we gave card for card2 and the doors of good1 bad1 and indifferent1 received our names4 ,all seemed to infer1 that the amicable gauntlet1 which had been thrown down1 having been courteously taken up1 the ungloved hands were forthwith to be grasped in token of good fellowship2 we had left our names for them1 and by the invitations that poured in upon us1 they seemed to say with ,juliet-- ,and for thy name1 which is no part of thee1 ,take all myself4 ,no man1 not even a provincial1 can visit every body2 and it seems but fair1 that if a selection is to be made1 all should interchange the hospitalities of life with those persons in whose society they feel the greatest enjoyment4 ,many a dinner1 therefore1 did we decline--many a route did we reject2 my husband's popularity tottered1 and the inviters1 though they no longer dinned their dinners in our ears1 and teazed us with their teas1 vowed secret vengeance1 and muttered curses1 not loud1 but deep4 ,i have hinted that we had no scandalous capabilities2 and though slander flashed around us1 we seldom admitted morning visiters1 and our street-door was a non-conductor4 ,but our next door neighbours were maiden ladies1 who had been younger1 and1 to use a common term of commiseration1 had seen better days--by which1 ,i mean the days of bloom1 natural hair1 partners1 and the probability of husbands4 ,their vicinity to us was an infinite comfort to the town1 for those who were unable to gain admittance at our door to disturb our business and desires1 ,for every man has business and desire1 ,such as they are1 were certain of better success at our neighbours'1 where they at least could gain some information about us from eye-witnesses who resided on the spot4 ,my sins were numbered1 so were my new bonnets2 and for a time my husband was pitied1 because he had an extravagant wife2 but when it was ascertained that his plate was handsome1 his dinner satisfactory in its removes1 and comme il faut in its courses1 those whose feet had never been within our door1 saw clearly how it must all end1 and really felt for our trades-people4 ,i have acknowledged that ,i had written romances2 the occupation was to me a source of amusement2 and as ,i had been successful1 my husband saw no reason why he should discourage me4 ,a scribbling fool1 in or out of petticoats1 should be forbidden the use of pen1 ink1 and paper2 but my husband had too much sense to heed the vulgar cry of blue stocking4 ,after a busy month passed in ,london1 we saw my new novel sent forth to the public1 and then returned to our mansion at ,pumpington ,wells4 ,as we drove up to our door1 our virgin neighbours gazed on us1 if possible1 with more than their former interest4 ,they wiped their spectacles2 with glances of commiseration they saw us alight1 and with unwearied scrutiny they witnessed the removal of our luggage from the carriage4 ,we went out--every body stared at us--the people we did know touched the hands we extended1 and hastened on as if fearful of infection2 the people we did not know whispered as they passed us1 and looked back afterwards2 the men servants seemed full of mysterious flurry when we left our cards at the doors of acquaintances1 and the maid-servants peeped at us up the areas2 the shopkeepers came from their counters to watch us down the streets--and all was whispering and wonder4 ,i could not make it out2 was it to see the authoress8 ,no2 ,i had been an authoress when they last saw me4 ,was it the brilliant success of my new work8 ,it could be nothing else4 ,my husband met a maiden lady1 and bowed to her2 she passed on without deigning to notice him4 ,i spoke to an insipid man who had always bored me with his unprofitable intimacy1 and he looked another way6 ,the next lady we noticed tossed her head1 as if she longed to toss it at us2 and the next man we met opened his eyes astonishingly wide1 and said-- ,are you here6 ,dear me6 ,i was told you could not show your--,i mean1 did not mean to return6 ,there was evidently some mystery1 and we determined to wait patiently for its developement4 ,if1 said ,i1 it bodes us good1 time will unravel it4 ,and if1 said my husband1 it bodes us evil1 some d--d good-natured friend will tell us all about it4 ,we had friends at ,pumpington ,wells1 and good ones too1 but no friend enlightened us2 that task devolved upon an acquaintance1 a little slim elderly man1 so frivolous and so garrulous1 that he only wanted a turban1 some rouge1 and a red satin gown1 to become the most perfect of old women4 ,he shook his head simultaneously as he shook our hands1 and his little grey eyes twinkled with delight1 while he professed to feel for us both the deepest commiseration4 ,you are cut1 said he2 its all up with you in ,pumpington ,wells4 ,pray be explicit1 said ,i faintly1 and dreading some cruel calumny1 or plot against my peace4 ,you've done the most impolitic thing6 the most hazardous-- ,sir6 said my husband1 grasping his cane4 ,i lament it1 said the little man1 turning to me2 your book has done it for you4 ,i thought of the reviews1 and trembled4 ,how could you1 continued our tormentor1 how could you put the ,pumpington ,wells people in your novel8 ,the ,pumpington ,wells people6--,nonsense2 there are good and bad people in my novel1 and there are good and bad people in ,pumpington ,wells2 but you flatter the good1 if you think that when ,i dipped my pen in praise1 ,i limited my sketches to the virtuous of this place2 and what is worse1 you libel the bad if you assert that my sketches of vice were meant personally to apply to the vicious who reside here4 ,i libel--,i assert6 said the old lady-like little man2 not ,i6--every body says so6 ,you may laugh1 replied my mentor and tormentor combined1 but personality can be proved against you2 and all the friends and relations of ,mr4 ,flaw declare you meant the bad man of your book for him4 ,his friends and relations are too kind to him4 ,then you have an irregular character in your book1 and ,mrs4 ,blemish's extensive circle of intimates assert that nothing can be more pointed than your allusion to her conduct and her character4 ,and pray what do these persons say about it themselves8 ,they are outrageous1 and go about the town absolutely wild4 ,fitting the caps on themselves8 ,the little scarecrow shook his head once more2 and declaring that we should see he had spoken too true1 departed1 and then lamented so fluently to every body the certainty of our being cut1 that every body began to believe him4 ,i have hinted that my bonnets and my husband's plate occasioned heartburnings3 no--that is not a correct term1 the heart has nothing to do with such exhalations--bile collects elsewhere4 ,those who had conspired to pull my husband from the throne of his popularity1 because their parties excited in us no party spirit1 and we abstained from hopping at their hops1 found1 to their consternation1 that when the novelty of my novel misdemeanour was at an end1 we went on as if nothing had occurred4 ,however1 they still possessed heaven's best gift1 the use of their tongues1 they said of us everything bad which they knew to be false1 and which they wished to see realized4 ,their forlorn hope was our extravagance4 ,never mind1 said one1 ,christmas must come round1 and then we shall see4 ,when once the match of insinuation is applied to the train of rumoured difficulties1 the suspicion that has been smouldering for awhile bounces at once into a report1 and very shortly its echo is bounced in every parlour in a provincial town4 ,long bills1 that had been accustomed to wait for payment until ,christmas1 now lay on my table at midsummer2 and tradesmen1 who drove dennetts to cottages once every evening1 sent short civil notes1 regretting their utter inability to make up a sum of money by ,saturday night1 unless ,i favoured them1 by the bearer1 with the sum of ten pounds1 the amount of my little account4 ,dennett-driving drapers actually threatened to fail for the want of ten pounds6--pastry-cooks1 who took their families regularly to summer at the sea1 assisted the counter-plot1 and prematurely dunned my husband6 ,it is not always convenient to pay sums at midsummer1 which we had been in the habit of paying at ,christmas2 if1 however1 a single applicant was refused1 a new rumour of inability was started and hunted through the town before night4 ,people walked by our house1 looking up wistfully at the windows2 others peeped down the area1 to see what we had for dinner4 ,one gentleman went to our butcher1 to inquire how much we owed him2 and one lady narrowly escaped a legal action1 because when she saw a few pipkins lying on the counter of a crockery-ware man1 directed to me1 she incautiously said1 in the hearing of one of my servants1 ,are you paid for your pipkins8--ah1 it's well if you ever get your money6 ,christmas came at last2 bills were paid1 and my husband did not owe a shilling in ,pumpington ,wells4 ,like the old ladies in the besieged city1 the gossips looked at us1 wondering when the havoc would begin4 ,ho who mounts the ladder of life1 treading step by step upon the identical footings marked out1 may live in a provincial town4 ,when we want to drink spa waters1 or vary the scene1 we now visit watering-places2 but rather than force me to live at one again1 stick me up1 as ,andrew ,fairservice says1 in ,rob ,roy1 as a regimental target for ball-practice4 ,we have long ceased to live in ,pumpington4 ,fleeting are the tints of the rainbow--perishable the leaf of the rose--variable the love of woman--uncertain the sunbeam of ,april2 but naught on earth can be fleeting2 so perishable1 so variable1 or so uncertain1 as the popularity of a provincial reputation4 ,monthly ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london ,,lyrics4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,jack ,,jones1 ,,the ,,recruit4--,a ,,hint ,,from ,,ovid4 ,jack ,jones was a toper3 they say that some how ,he'd a foot always ready to kick up a row2 ,and1 when half-seas over1 a quarrel he pick'd1 ,to keep up the row he had previously kick'd4 ,he spent all1 then borrow'd at twenty per cent4 ,his mistress fought shy when his money was spent1 ,so he went for a soldier2 he could not do less1 ,and scorn'd his fair ,fanny for hugging brown ,bess4 ,halt--,wheel into line6 and ,attention--,eyes right6 ,put ,bacchus1 and ,venus1 and ,momus to flight ,but who can depict half the sorrows he felt ,when he dyed his mustachios and pipe-clay'd his belt8 ,when ,sergeant ,rattan1 at ,aurora's red peep1 ,awaken'd his tyros by bawling--,two deep6 ,jack ,jones would retort1 with a half-suppress'd sigh1 ,ay6 too deep by half for such ninnies as ,i4 ,quoth ,jones--',twas delightful the bushes to beat ,with a gun in my hand and a dog at my feet1 ,but the game at the ,horse-,guards is different1 good lack6 ,tis a gun in my hand and a cat at my back4 ,to ,bacchus1 his saint1 our dejected recruit4 ,one morn1 about drill time1 thus proffer'd his suit-- ,oh make me a sparrow1 a wasp1 or an ape-- ,all's one1 so ,i get at the juice of the grape4 ,the ,god was propitious--he instantly found ,his ten toes distend and take root in the ground2 ,his back was a stem1 and his belly was bark1 ,and his hair in green leaves overshadow'd the ,park4 ,grapes clustering hung o'er his grenadier cap1 ,his blood became juice1 and his marrow was sap3 ,till nothing was left of the muscles and bones ,that form'd the identical toper1 ,jack ,jones4 ,transform'd to a vine1 he is still seen on guard1 ,at his former emporium in ,great ,scotland-yard2 ,and still1 though a vine1 like his fellow-recruits1 ,he is train'd1 after listing1 his ten-drills1 and shoots4 ,new ,monthly ,magazine4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,selector2 ,,and ,,literary ,,notices ,,of ,,new ,,works4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,juvenile ,,keepsake1 ,edited by ,mr4 ,thomas ,roscoe1 and dedicated to ,professor ,wilson1 is no less attractive than its ,juvenile rivals4 ,indeed1 a few of the tales take a higher range than either of theirs1--as the ,children's ,island1 an interesting ,story1 from the ,french of ,madame ,genlis2 the ,ball ,dress2 the ,snow ,storm2 and the ,deserted ,village4 ,the ,heir of ,newton ,buzzard1 a ,tale in four cantos1 by the late ,mrs4 ,john ,hunter1 is perhaps one of the prettiest juvenile novelties of the season4 ,it is divided into ,infancy--,childhood--,boyhood--and ,youth--all which contain much amusement and moral point without dulness4 ,we have not room for an entire story1 but select one of ,miss ,mitford's village portraits3 ,dash was as beautiful a dog as eyes could be set on2 one of the large old ,english ,spaniels which are now so rare1 with a superb head1 like those which you see in ,spanish pictures1 and such ears6 they more than met over his pretty spotted nose2 and when he lapped his milk1 dipped into the pan at least two inches4 ,his hair was long and shiny and wavy1 not curly1 partly of a rich dark liver colour1 partly of a silvery white1 and beautifully feathered about the thighs and legs4 ,he was extremely lively and intelligent1 and had a sort of circular motion1 a way of flinging himself quite round on his hind feet1 something after the fashion in which the ,french dancers twist themselves round on one leg1 which not only showed unusual agility in a dog of his size1 but gave token of the same spirit and animation which sparkled in his bright hazel eye4 ,anything of eagerness or impatience was sure to excite this motion1 and ,george ,dinely gravely assured his sisters1 when they at length joined him in the hall1 that ,dash had flung himself round six and twenty times whilst waiting the conclusion of their quarrel4 ,getting into the lawn and the open air did not tend to diminish ,dash's glee or his capers1 and the young party walked merrily on2 ,george telling of school pranks and school misfortunes--the having lost or spoilt four hats since ,easter1 seemed rather to belong to the first class of adventures than the second--his sisters listening dutifully and wonderingly2 and ,dash1 following his own devices1 now turning up a mouse's nest from a water furrow in the park--now springing a covey of young partridges in a corn field--now plunging his whole hairy person in the brook2 and now splashing ,miss ,helen from head to foot8 by ungallantly jumping over her whilst crossing a stile1 being thereunto prompted by a whistle from his young master1 who had1 with equal want of gallantry1 leapt the stile first himself1 and left his sisters to get over as they could2 until at last the whole party1 having passed the stile1 and crossed the bridge1 and turned the churchyard corner1 found themselves in the shady recesses of the vicarage-lane1 and in full view of the vine-covered cottage of ,nurse ,simmons4 ,our closing extract is from ,anecdotes of ,south ,african ,baboons1 by ,thomas ,pringle1 ,esq43 ,it is the practice of these animals to descend from their rocky fastnesses in order to enjoy themselves on the banks of the mountain rivulets1 and to feed on the nutritious bulbs which grow in the fertile valley ground4 ,while thus occupied1 they generally take care to be within reach of a steep crag1 or precipice1 to which they may fly for refuge on the appearance of an enemy2 and one of their number is always placed as a sentinel on some large stone1 or other prominent position1 in order to give timely warning to the rest1 of the approach of danger4 ,it has frequently been my lot1 when riding through the secluded valleys of that country1 to come suddenly1 on turning a corner of a wild glen1 upon a troop of forty or fifty baboons thus quietly congregated4 ,instantly on my appearance1 a loud cry of alarm being raised by the sentinel1 the whole tribe would scamper off with precipitation2 splashing through the stream1 and then scrambling with most marvellous agility up the opposite cliffs1 often several hundred feet in height1 and where no other creature without wings1 certainly1 could attempt to follow them2 the large males bringing up the rear-guard1 ready to turn with fury upon the dogs1 if any attempted to molest them2 the females1 with their young ones in their arms1 or on their shoulders1 clinging with arms clasped closely round the mothers' necks4 ,and thus climbing1 and chattering1 and squalling1 they would ascend the almost perpendicular crags1 while ,i looked on and watched them--interested by the almost human affection which they evinced for their mates and their offspring2 and sometimes not a little amused1 also1 by the angry vociferation with which the old ones would scold me when they had got fairly upon the rocks1 and felt themselves secure from pursuit4 ,there are ,seven ,plates and a ,vignette1 and a glazed1 ornamented cover which will withstand the wear and tear of the little play or book-room4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,picture ,,of ,,sheffield4 7,concluded from page #cif47 ,in the manufacture of a razor1 it proceeds through a dozen hands2 but it is afterwards submitted to a process of grinding1 by which the concavity is perfected1 and the fine edge produced4 ,they are made from #a s4 per dozen1 to #bj s4 per razor1 in which last the handle is valued at #afs4#f;d4 ,scissors1 in like manner1 are made by hand1 and every pair passes through sixteen or seventeen hands1 including fifty or sixty operations1 before they are ready for sale4 ,common scissors are cast1 and when riveted1 are sold as low as #ds4 #f;d4 per gross6 ,small pocket knives1 too1 are cast1 both in blades and handles1 and sold at #f s4 per gross1 or a halfpenny each6 ,these low articles are exported in vast quantities in casks to all parts of the world4 ,snuffers and trays are also articles of extensive production1 and the latter are ornamented with landscapes1 etched by a ,sheffield artist1 on a resinous varnish1 and finished by being dipped in diluted nitric acid for a few seconds or minutes4 ,messrs4 ,rodgers also introduced me to an extensive range of workshops for the manufacture of plated and silver ware1 in which are produced the most superb breakfast and dinner services4 ,the method of making the silver plate here and at ,birmingham merits special notice1 because the ancient method was by dissolving mercury in nitrous acid1 dipping the copper1 and depending on the affinity of the metals1 by which a very slight article was produced4 ,but at ,sheffield and ,birmingham1 all plate is now produced by rolling ingots of copper and silver together4 ,about the eighth of an inch in thickness of silver is united by heat to an inch of copper in ingots about the size of a brick4 ,it is then flattened by steel rollers worked by an eighty horse power4 ,the greater malleability of the silver occasions it to spread equally with the copper into a sheet of any required thickness1 according to the nature of the article for which it is wanted4 ,i saw some pieces of plated metal1 the eighth of an inch thick1 rolled by hand into ten times their surface1 the silver spreading equally2 and ,i was told that the plating would be perfect if the rolling had reduced it to the thinness of silver paper6 ,this mode of plating secures to modern plate a durability not possessed by any plate silvered by immersion4 ,hence plated goods are now sought all over the world1 and1 if fairly used1 are nearly as durable as silver itself4 ,of this material1 dinner and dessert services have been manufactured from #ej to #cjj guineas1 and breakfast sets from #aj to #bjj guineas1 as sold on the spot4 ,at ,sheffield are actually cast and finished1 most1 if not all1 the parts of grates sold as their own make by the ,london furnishing ironmongers4 ,their names are placed on them1 but1 in truth1 they merely put the parts together4 ,i saw in ,messrs4 ,picklay's rooms superior castings for backs of grates1 little inferior in delicacy to plaster of ,paris2 and for grates connected with one of these patterns1 ,i was told #ajj guineas each was lately paid by a northern squire4 ,grates with folding doors are made here as well as at ,chesterfield4 ,the doors are in half heights1 so as to serve two purposes1 and grates so supplied sell for about two guineas extra4 ,mr4 ,picklay has brought the kitchen range to great perfection4 ,with one fire he roasts1 boils with water and steam1 and bakes4 ,economy and completeness were never more usefully combined2 and a public establishment in ,sheffield is fitted with one which has cooked a dinner complete for above three hundred persons4 ,it cost nearly #cjj1 but such grates for small families may be had at ten guineas4 ,the mercantile part of the ,sheffield trade is performed chiefly by travellers1 but the principal shops in ,london deal directly with the manufacturers here4 ,to humour public prejudice in regard to ,town make1 as it is called1 and to serve as an advertisement for various retailers in ,london and other large towns1 their connexions in ,sheffield keep steel brands1 with which their names are placed on the articles1 and they thereby pass with the public as the real manufacturers4 ,i saw in different workshops1 in ,sheffield1 the steel brands of our famous town makers1 and the articles in wholesale quantities packing up to meet the demand in ,london for real town made4 ,this is a standing joke at the expense of cockney credulity among the ,sheffield cutlers4 ,sheffield is noted for the manufacture of superior files2 and many anecdotes are told of the artifices which have been made use of to aggrandize or to repudiate the celebrity of the marks of some well-known makers4 ,in ,sheffield generally the workmen get from #bjs4 to #bds4 per week4 ,dry grinders get #b1 and some #e or #f1 and these high wages are paid as an equivalent for the shortness of life4 ,many women are employed as filers1 burnishers1 polishers1 finishers1 c4 c42 and they get from #fs4 to #abs4 per week4 ,very fine cutlery is manufactured by ,mr4 ,crawshaw4 ,i saw in his warehouse all those elegant patterns of pen-knives which1 in the best shops of ,london1 ,bath1 c4 excite so much admiration4 ,his lobster knives1 with four or more blades1 on slit springs1 with pearl and tortoiseshell handles1 are the most perfect productions of ,british manufacture4 ,his pen-knives with rounded or beveled backs1 to turn in the quill and shave the point1 are simple and effective improvements4 ,he showed me plain pocket-knives so highly finished1 that the first cost is #chs41 yet so deceptive is cutlery1 that ,i might have preferred others which ,i saw at only #gs4 or #hs4 ,it is the same in regard to the scissors of ,champion and ,son1--articles at two or three guineas did not appear to my uninstructed eye worth more than others at a few shillings2 yet in all these high priced articles1 nearly the whole cost is in workmanship1 and there are but few workmen who can produce them4 ,at the same time1 ,mr4 ,crawshaw deals in pen-knives at #es4 per dozen1 and ,mr4 ,champion in scissors at #bs4 or #cs4 per dozen4 ,the novelties and curiosities in this way are extremely numerous1 and the makers and inventers are as modest and communicative as they are original and ingenious4 ,thus a knife an inch long1 weighing eight pennyweights six grains1 containing seventy odd blades and instruments1 cost #cj in making3 scissors the eighth of an inch long1 twenty-five of which weigh but a grain1 sold at #cs4 per pair3 a knife1 mounted in gold and pearl1 containing thirty blades1 is valued at #cj2 pocket-knives with twenty-six parts are sold at six guineas2 the very best two blades mounted with pearl and gold1 made by ,crawshaw1 are in common sale at two guineas in ,sheffield4 ,messrs4 ,champion are esteemed the best makers of scissors2 and ladies' working scissors1 in general commerce1 are finished and mounted as high as five or ten guineas4 ,the best pocket-knives are made by ,crawshaw1 and fetch1 in mounting1 from two to five guineas4 ,he is also the general maker of what are called the 'best town made4' ,i may here add1 that ,messrs4 ,champion can make a single set of table knives and forks1 the fair market price of which would be #ajj guineas4 ,the mechanical ingenuity of ,mr4 ,crawshaw has also been displayed in the construction of ,,an ,,orrery consisting of at least #a1jjj wheels1 which1 by a single winch1 turns all the planets in their respective periods2 and also the whole of the satellites1 including those of ,herschell4 ,this orrery1 perhaps the completest in the world1 was made in all its details by this gentleman1 and1 in its wheel-work1 is an astonishing production4 ,one of the wonders of ,sheffield is its ,grinding ,establishments4 ,to aid the grinders1 companies have erected very spacious buildings divided into small rooms1 and provided the whole with steam engines4 ,the rooms are then let out by the month to master grinders2 and at properly adjusted grindstones in each room ,i saw every variety of grinding1 sharpening1 and polishing4 ,the finest work is polished by hand1 and in this slavery ,i saw the delicate hands of the superior sex solely employed4 ,the payment is trifling2 but ,i was told that the hand of woman is the softest1 most pliable1 and most accommodating tool which has yet been discovered for conferring the finest polish on the refractory substance of steel4 ,can we wonder at its effect in softening the ruggedness of the other sex1 and how hard must be the heart of that man which does not yield to an influence which subdues even the hardness of steel4 ,the manufacture of spectacles1 telescopes1 microscopes1 etc4 is carried on to a great extent in ,sheffield4 ,above five gross per day are ground of convex and concave glasses in one shop4 ,concave basins cast in iron of the radii of curvature of proposed lenses are fixed in rows on a frame1 and rubbed with water and emery4 ,a concentric convex basin is then covered with round pieces of plate glass fixed with pitch2 and the convex stir face1 with its glass pieces1 is then turned and wabbled in the concave basin by steam power4 ,in this manner from six to twelve dozen glasses are ground at once by one basin working within the other on an eccentric axle which wabbles the inner basin while it is revolved4 ,of course1 in time1 i4e4 in eight or ten hours1 the glasses are so abraded1 that the outside of one basin exactly fits the other1 and the lenses between are of the true curvature4 ,they are then knocked off the pitch2 turned and worked on the other side1 on the second day2 cleaned with spirit of tar1 rounded or clipt with blunt scissors1 and fitted in spectacle frames or tubes4 ,in ,mr4 ,cutt's factory ,i saw twenty-six of these basins for spectacles1 and about eighteen for telescopes and microscopes2 several being at work4 ,fine ,arts4 ,the ,sheffield trades require and promote the ,fine ,arts in many ways4 ,chantrey was a carver and gilder here1 and many persons in ,sheffield were his first patrons1 when he began to model4 ,he was a native of ,norton1 where his parents still reside1 and his first youthful employment was that of bringing milk to the town on asses1 as is the present custom4 ,at present1 ,mr4 ,law is an exquisite modeller in wax2 and there are some ladies who copy the best pictures with a degree of taste and perfection which is astonishing4 ,i allude particularly to those of ,miss ,green1 of ,westville ,house1 and ,miss ,sambourne1 at ,highfield ,green4 ,then this district possesses a treasure in ,mr4 ,cowen1 of ,rotherham1 whose merit as a landscape painter1 has recommended him to the zealous patronage of ,earl ,fitzwilliam and the ,duke of ,devonshire4 ,i confess ,i have never seen more exquisitely finished and more poetical productions4 ,improvements1 c4 ,the ,shrewsbury ,hospital1 at ,sheffield1 has lately been rebuilt in an improved situation1 by ,messrs4 ,woodhead and ,hurst1 of ,doncaster4 ,it accommodates eighteen aged men and eighteen women in a very convenient manner4 ,it has been liberally supported by the present ,duke of ,norfolk1 and is managed by trustees of his nomination4 ,the men are allowed #ajs4 per week1 and the women #hs4 ,there is also another hospital1 founded by a ,mr4 ,hollis1 a ,sheffield cutler2 as a provision for sixteen cutlers' widows1 who besides habitations1 receive #gs4 per week1 coals1 and a gown every two years4 ,in conclusion ,i have assembled some miscellaneous facts4 ,sheffield parish is ten miles by three4 ,the ,park of #b1jjj acres was inclosed in ,queen ,anne's time4 ,the ,duke of ,norfolk is ,lord of the ,manor1 from his ancestors the ,lovetots1 ,furnivals1 ,nevilles1 ,talbots1 and ,howards4 ,roger de ,busli had #df manors in ,yorkshire1 and in ,nottinghamshire and ,derbyshire #agi4 ,the ,cutlers' ,company was incorporated #bast ,james ,i4--,the cutlers are #h1jjj or #aj1jjj in number4 ,in #agea1 the first stage-wagon went from ,sheffield to ,london4 ,in #agfb1 the first stage-coach4 ,in #ageb1 the plated manufacture began4 ,in #aggj1 the first bank was opened4 ,in #aghf1 the first steam-engine grinding-wheel was established4 ,the casting or melting of steel began #fj years ago1 till which time ,swedish bar-steel was used4 ,there are iron-forges near every ,roman station1 and ,abbey ,dale is full of cinders from smelting1 with apertures to windward to serve as blasts4 ,beds of scoriae found in the parish1 on which trees grow1 and in old pleasure parks4--,roman coins are also found in scoria4--,a quarry of stone at ,wincobank ,hill1 contains fossilized vegetables1 chiefly calamites4 ,they are succulent1 and of the bamboo family4 ,in the coal districts1 branches and trunks of trees are found2 and ,mr4 ,rhodes took out of solid stone1 a fossil post of walnut wood4 ,south-east of ,tickhill1 is an accumulation of subterranean trees1 in black earth1 mixed with shells and rounded stones4 ,it is believed at ,sheffield1 that the executioner of ,charles ,i41 was a person of the name of ,william ,walker1 a native of ,darnall1 near ,sheffield4 ,such was the tradition at his native place4 ,he died at ,darnall in #agjj and was buried in ,sheffield church1 where there was a brass plate to his memory4 ,it is certain that a ,walker1 was one of the masks1 and that this ,walker was an active partizan3 but he was a man of learning1 and wrote some tracts on mathematics and politics4 ,dr4 ,buchan1 began his career as a ,scotch physician at ,sheffield1 and actually wrote his famous ',domestic ,medicine1' in the house at the south corner of ,hartshead1 in which for many years has resided ,mr4 ,j4 ,montgomery4 ,the varied and attractive character of our extract is the best plea for its length2 but reading like this never tires4---,sir ,r4 ,phillips' ,personal ,tour4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,gatherer4 ,a snapper up of unconsidered trifles4 ,,shakespeare4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dark ,,day4 ,at ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,october #ac1 #ahbh1 wind ,s4,w4 the atmosphere was filled with smoke1 which1 with intervening clouds1 intercepted the sun's light1 so as to require the use of candles several times during the day4 ,the water which fell in the afternoon and evening was so much affected by the smoke as to be bitter to the taste4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,liquor ,,of ,,life4 ,when the art of distilling spirits1 generally attributed to ,raymond ,lully1 was discovered1 the secret of longevity was supposed to have been brought to light1 the mercurius volatilis to be at length fixed1 and the pernicious product received the name of aqua vitae--liquor of life2 ,a discovery concerning which1 says a learned physician1 it would be difficult to determine1 whether it has tended most to diminish the happiness1 or shorten the duration of life4 ,in one sense it may be considered the elixir of life1 for it speedily introduces a man to immortality6 ,c4,j4,t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,soup ,is manufactured in great abundance in ,paris from the bones of butchers' meat4 ,at one of the hospitals upwards of #a1jjj basins of soup are furnished daily4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,abyssinian ,,cattle ,are remarkable for the extraordinary size of their horns1 some of which are four feet long1 seven inches in diameter near the head1 and hold ten quarts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,eccentric ,,invitation4 ,paul ,spencer exhibits the following distich on his door1 in ,glasgow3-- ,entertainment here for all that passes1 ,horses1 mares1 mules1 and asses4 ,c4,j4,t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,canals4 ,according to a calculation recently made1 there are #ajc canals in ,great ,britain--extending #b1fhb miles1 and formed at an expense of thirty millions sterling4 ,c4,j4,t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,do you know what made my voice so melodious8 said a celebrated vocal performer1 of awkward manners1 to ,charles ,bannister4 ,no1 replied the other4 ,why1 then1 ,i'll tell you3 when ,i was about fifteen1 ,i swallowed1 by accident1 some train oil4 ,i don't think1 rejoined ,bannister1 it would have done you any harm if1 at the same time1 you had swallowed a dancing-master6 99 99 99 99 99 ,,limbird',s ,,editions4 ,,cheap and ,,popular ,,works published at the ,,mirror ,,office in the ,strand1 near ,somerset ,house4 ,the ,,arabian ,,nights ,,entertainments4 ,embellished with nearly #aej ,engravings4 ,in #f ,parts1 #as4 each4 ,the ,,tales of the ,,genii4 #d ,parts1 #f;d4 each4 ,the ,,microcosm4 ,by the ,right ,hon4 ,g4 ,canning4 c4 #d ,parts1 #f;d4 each4 ,,plutarch',s ,,lives1 with ,fifty ,portraits1 #ab ,parts1 #as4 each4 ,,cowper',s ,,poems1 with #ab ,engravings1 #ab ,numbers1 #c;d4 each4 ,,cook',s ,,voyages1 #bh ,numbers1 #c;d4 each4 ,the ,,cabinet of ,,curiosities3 or1 ,,wonders of the ,,world ,,displayed #bg ,nos4 #b;d4 each4 ,,beauties of ,,scott1 #cf ,numbers1 #c;d4 each4 ,the ,,arcana of ,,science for #ahbh4 ,price #ds4 #f;d4 ,,goldsmith',s ,,essays4 ,price #h;d4 ,,dr4 ,,franklin',s ,,essays4 ,price #as4 #b;d4 ,,bacon',s ,,essays ,price #h;d4 ,,salmagundi4 ,price #as4 #h;d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,printed and ,published by ,j4 ,,limbird1 #adc1 ,strand 7near ,somerset ,house17 ,london2 sold by ,,ernest ,,fleischer1 #fbf1 ,new ,market1 ,leipsic1 and by all ,newsmen and ,booksellers4